Nyayasangrah

Author(s): Hemhans Gani, Nandighoshvijay
Publisher: Kalikal Sarvagya Shri Hemchandracharya Navam Janmashatabdi Smruti Sanskar Shikshannidhi Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001446/1

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// nyAyasaMgraha / / (hindI anuvAda va vivecana) paramapUjya AcAryazrI vijayasUryodayasUriziSyA muni nandiyopavijaya patti saMskAra zikSaNAnidhi

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/ / aham // vAcakazrIhemahaMsagaNisaMgRhIta zrIsiddhehamacandrazabdAnuzAsanastha // nyAyasaMgraha || (hindI anuvAda va vivecanasahita) anuvAdaka-vivecaka paramapUjya AcAryazrIvijayasUryodayasUriziSya __ muni nandighoSavijaya o60000 % 3Z UELINK --- zrI hemacaMdrAcArya 1 kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya navama janma zatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNa nidhi ahamadAbAda . - : . vi. saM. 2053 I. sa. 1997 . -

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nyAyasaMgraha : ( hindI anuvAda va vivecana sahita ) muni nandighoSavijaya (c) sarvAdhikAra surakSita prAptisthAna :1. sarasvatI pustaka bhaNDAra 112, hAthIkhAnA, ratanapola ahamadAbAda 380001 2. motIlAla banArasIdAsa - 41, yu. e., baMgalo roDa, javAharanagara dillI 110007 dUrabhASa naM. 2911985, 2918335, 2524826 pheksa naM. 91-11-2930689/5797221 prathamAvRtti : 500 pratiyA~, maI, 1997 vi. saM. 2053, vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA (kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya AcAryapada pradAna - dina) mUlya : ru. 250-00 prakAzaka : kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya navama janma zatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNa nidhi ahamadAbAda mudraka : zrI harajIbhAI ena. paTela kriznA prinTarI 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gA~va, amadAvAda - 380013 ( dUrabhASa : 7484393)

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prakAzaka kI ora se.. ___ parama pUjya zAsana samrAT tapAgacchAdhipati bAlabrahmacArI sUricakracakravartI anekatIrthoddhAraka AcArya bhagavaMta zrImadvijayanemisUrIzvarajI mahArAja ke samudAya ke pa.pU.jinazAsanazaNagAra AcArya bhagavaMta zrIvijayazubhaMkarasUrijI mahArAja ke paTTadhara pa.pU. pravacana prabhAvaka AcArya zrIvijayasUryodayasUrijI mahArAja va unake paTTadhara pa.pU. vidvadvarya AcArya zrIvijayazIlacandrasUrijI mahArAja kI preraNA se. vi.saM. 2041meM, kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI kI vi.saM. 2045meM AnevAlI navama janma zatAbdI ke upalakSya meM 'kalikAla sarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya navama janma zatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNa nidhi' kI sthApanA kI gii| isI saMsthA ke tattvAvadhAna meM pichale dasa varSoM se pa.pU. A. zrIvijayasUryodayasUrijI mahArAja va. pa.pU. A. zrIvijayazIlacandrasUrijI mahArAja ke mArgadarzana va preraNAnusAra saMskRta-prAkRta aura jaina darzana ke vibhinna sAhitya ke anusandhAnakAra vidvAnoM ko zrIhemacandrAcArya candraka pradAna tathA vividha prakAra ke prAcIna arvAcIna saMskRta-prAkRta sAhitya kA prakAzana va punaHprakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai / sAhitya prakAzana kI isI zRMkhalA meM kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI dvArA viracita vizvaprasiddha saMskRta vyAkaraNa zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana ko samajhane meM atyanta sahAyaka vAcaka zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA viracita 'nyAyasaMgraha' kA rASTrabhASA hindI meM anuvAda va yatkiJcit tulanAtmaka adhyayana svarUpa yahI graMtha prakAzita karate samaya hama khuzI kA anubhava kara raheM hai / isI graMtha kA hindI anuvAda va vivecana pa.pU. zAsana samrAT AcArya zrIvijayanemisUrIzvarajI mahArAja ke samudAya ke pa.pU. AcArya zrIvijayasUryodayasUrijI mahArAja kI preraNA se unake ziSya muni zrI nandighoSavijayajI mahArAja ne saMpanna kiyA hai / etadartha unake prati hama kRtajJatA abhivyakta karate isI graMtha kA suMdara va svaccha mudraNa kArya kriznA prinTarI, nAraNapurA, ahamadAbAda-13 ke kAryakartA zrI harajIbhAI ena. paTela ne kiyA hai / etadartha hama unake prati AbhAra vyakta karate hai| anta meM, aise mUlyavAn, vidvadbhogya va adhyayana-adhyApana meM sahAyaka anya graMthoM ko prakAzita karane kA avasara hameM punaH punaH prApta ho aisI zubhecchA prakaTa karate haiM / bhavadIya, ka.sa.zrIhemacandrAcArya na.ja.za.smR.saM.zi.nidhi ahamadAbAda

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Arthika sahayoga kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI dvArA viracita zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana sambandhita vAcaka zrIhemahaMsagaNisaMgRhIta 'nyAyasaMgraha' grantha ke isI hindI anuvAdavivecana va tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko prakAzita karane meM pa.pU. A. zrIvijayasUryodayasUrijI mahArAja va pa.pU.A. zrIvijayabhadrasenasUrijI mahArAja kI preraNA se 1. zrInavaraMgapurA zve. mU. pU. jaina saMgha, ahamadAbAda 2. zrI pArzva-padmAvatI zve. mU.pU. jaina saMgha, (pArulanagara) solAroDa, ahamadAbAda 3. zrI vardhamAna jaina zve. mU.pU. saMgha ( memanagara), ahamadAbAda kI ora se pUrNa Arthika sahayoga prApta huA hai| etadartha prakAzaka 'ka. sa. zrIhemacandrAcArya na.ja.za.smR.saM.zi.nidhi' ke kAryakartA unake prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karateM haiN| bhavadIya, ka.sa. zrIhemacandrAcArya na.ja.za.smR.saM.zi.nidhi ahamadAbAda Jaimitation International

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samarpaNa jJAna-darzana-cAritrasampanna una zramaNabhagavantoM ko, jinake dvArA kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ke mahAn vyAkaraNa zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana kI adhyayana-paramparA avicchinna banI rahI hai / - muni nandighoSavijaya

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( nyAyasaMgraha kA eka anUThA vivecana ) kAlakrama se bhArata meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI aneka paramparAoM kA udaya huA, usameM pANinIya vyAkaraNa paramparA atyaMta prAcIna hai| tatpazcAt zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAtaMtra, kAlApa, jainendra, bhoja evaM siddhahema Adi pramukha vyAkaraNoM kI racanA huI aura unakI paramparA bhI calI / vyAkaraNazAstra meM nirdiSTa sUtroM dvArA rupasiddhi ke avasara para jaba ekAdhika sUtroM kI pravRtti kA prasaMga upasthita ho taba aniSTa rupa sAdhaka sUtroM kI nivRtti ke lie sUcita sUtra ko nyAya/paribhASA kahate hai / vyAkaraNazAstra ke adhyetA ke lie nyAya/paribhASA kA jJAna honA atyAvazyaka hai anyathA vyAkaraNazAstra kA samyak bodha nahIM ho pAtA / ataH prAyaH sabhI vyAkaraNa paramparA meM paribhASA prApta hotI hai| pANinIya paramparA meM paribhASA zabda kA prayoga huA hai jabaki siddhahema paramparA meM usI ke lie nyAya zabda kA prayoga huA hai / pANinIya paribhASA ke Upara bahuta kucha kArya huA hai kintu siddhahema ke nyAya/paribhASA ke Upara adyAvadhi tulanAtmaka dRSTi se koI kArya huA nahIM thA, isa kamI kI pUrti prastuta vivecana se ho rahI hai| kalikAla sarvajJa zrIhemacandracAryaviracita zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana meM nirdiSTa nyAya evaM anya nyAyoM kA saMkalana vAcaka zrIhemahaMsagaNikRta 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM pAyA jAtA hai / tadupari mahAmahopAdhyAya, paMDitapravara, vyAkaraNAcArya zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne svayaM 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' nAmaka bRhavRtti va svopajanyAsa kI racanA kI hai / prastuta vRtti sarala hote hue bhI usameM vyAkaraNa ke anekAneka sUtro kI sAdhaka -bAdhakatA sambandhI carcA prApta hotI hai / usa para suprasiddha jainAcArya zAsanasamrATa zrIvijayanemisUrIzvarajI mahArAja ke paTTadhara mahAn vaiyAkaraNa nyAyAcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrijI mahArAja ne 'nyAyArthasindhu' va 'taraGga' nAmaka do vRttiyA~ racI hai / ye vRttiyA~ vistRta hote hue bhI pariSkArazailI se yukta hone ke kAraNa sugama nahIM hai / ataH nyAyasUtroM ko samajhAne ke lie eka sugama vivecana kI AvazyakatA thI / isa AvazyakatA mahesUsa karate hue ukta AcAryadeva zAsanasamrAT zrIvijayanemi sUrijI mahArAja kI hI bhavya paramparA meM hue AcArya zrIvijayasUryodayasUrijI mahArAja ke vidvAna ziSya munirAja zrInandighoSavijayajI ne prastuta hindI vivecana kI racanA kI hai| __yaha vivecana apane Apa meM eka viziSTa vivecana hai / yaha kevala mUla graMtha kA anuvAda mAtra nahIM hai apitu siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana kA pUrNa parizIlana evaM usake Upara likhe gae upalabdha sabhI graMthoM kA sUkSma avalokana karake likhA gayA vivecana hai| prastuta graMtha meM mUla nyAyasUtra kA artha, vyAkhyA va vivecana kiyA gayA hai / vivecana karate hue sabhI sUtroM kI sArthakatA, sAdhakatA, bAdhakatA ityAdi kI carcA kI gaI hai / sUtra meM nirdiSTa sabhI padoM kI vyAkhyA evaM nyAya kA rahasya ujAgara kiyA gayA hai / isake lie siddhahemabRhadvRtti, bRhannyAsa, laghunyAsa Adi vyAkaraNa sAhitya kA tattat sthAnoM para upayoga kiyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt

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_ [7] anya sabhI vyAkaraNa paramparAoM meM prApta paribhASAoM ke sAtha tulanA bhI kI gaI hai / jo munizrI kI bahumukhI pratibhA kI dyotaka hai / saMpUrNa vivecana paDhane se lagatA hai ki munizrI Adhunika yuga ke nAgeza hai| prastuta vivecana kI eka vizeSatA usakI abhyAsapUrNa anusaMdhAna kI dRSTi se likhI gaI vistRta prastAvanA hai| prastAvanA meM paribhASA kA udbhava evaM vikAza kI carcA savistara kI gaI hai| sAtha hI nyAyasUtroM kI maulikatA evaM graMtha ke vaiziSTaya kA vivecana kiyA hai vaha paThanIya hai| anta meM yahI kahanA ucita hogA ki yaha vivecana na kevala siddhahema paramparA ke adhyetAoM ke lie upayogI hai kintu sabhI vyAkaraNa paramparAoM ke jijJAsu evaM vidvAn ke lie eka mahattva pUrNa saMdarbha graMtha ke rupa meM grAhya hogA / isake lie munizrI ko bahuta bahuta dhanyavAda / vi.saM. 2053, phAlguna kRSNa 13, zanivAra, di. 5, aprila, 1997 jitendra bI. zAha niyAmaka zAradAbena cImanabhAI zaikSaNika zodha saMsthAna ahamadAbAda-380 004

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[8] saMdarbhagranthasUcI nyAyasaMgraha : hindI anuvAda va vivecana 1. siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana (bRhadvRtti va svopajJa zabdamahArNavanyAsa) 2. nyAyasaMgraha : nyAyArthamaJjUSA bRhadvRtti tathA svopajJanyAsa kartA : vAcaka zrIhemahaMsagaNi 4. nyAyasamuccaya : nyAyArthasindhu tathA taraMga TIkA kartA : AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrijI mahArAja paribhASenduzekhara, kartA : zrInAgeza bhaTTa sampAdaka : pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI prakAzaka : bhANDArakara orienTala risarca insTITyuTa, pUnA paribhASAsaMgraha : sampAdaka : pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI prakAzaka : bhANDArakara orienTala risarca insTITyuTa, pUnA siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana (prathamo'adhyAya) : bRhadvRtti bRhanyAsa, tathA nyAsAnusandhAna aura usakI prastAvanA sampAdaka : AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrijI mahArAja prakAzaka : zrIlAvaNyasUri jaina jJAnamandira, boTAda pANinIya saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra paramparAno itihAsa( gujarAtI) le. DA. jayadevabhAI mo. zukla prakAzaka : yanivarsiTI granthanirmANa borDa. amadAvAda -6 9. jainendra mahAvRtti 10. jaina paramparAno itihAsa( gujarAtI) - tripuTI mahArAja 11. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa (gujarAtI) le. zrImohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI 12. anusandhAna - zodhapatrikA kra. naM. 7 prakAzaka : ka. sa. zrIhe. na. ja. za. smR. saM. zi. nidhi, ahamadAbAda 13. pataMjalikRta mahAbhASya 14. zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana (laghuvRti) saMpAdaka : muni zrIdakSavijayajI mahArAja prakAzaka : zrIlAvaNyasUri jaina jJAnamandira, boTAda 15. zrIkalpasUtra (subodhikA TIkA) sUtrakAra : zrIbhadrabAhu svAmijI TIkAkAra : upAdhyAya zrIvinayavijayajI mahArAja 16. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM. nAthurAma premI 17. zAkaTAyana mahAvyAkaraNa, zrImUrtidevI granthamAlA jJAnapITha prakAzana - bambaI - vArANasI - dillI

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// zrI zaGkezvarapArzvanAthAya namaH // // namo namaH zrIgurunemisUraye // preraNA-strota vi.saM. 2038 aura 2039 ke cAturmAsa ke daurAna, kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI kI vi. saM. 2045 meM AnevAlI navama janma zatAbdI ke upalakSya meM unake suprasiddha saMskRta vyAkaraNa zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana ke bAre meM eka vistRta tulanAtmaka anusaMdhAna mahAnibaMdha likhane kI icchA huI thI / usake lie pANinIya saMskRta vyAkaraNa va siddhahema saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kI kramaza: tulanA karake thoDA sA likhA bhI thA, kintu vaise likhanA sarala hone ke bAvajuda bahuta vistRta va vyAkaraNa adhyetAoM ke lie anAvazyaka lagane se likhanA baMda kara diyA / bAda meM zrImatI mudrikAbahana DI. jAnI kA siddhahema kA vistRta mahAnibandha dekhane ko milA / vaha aMgrejI bhASA meM siddhahema ke pahale cAra adhyAya para likhA gayA thaa| zeSa tIna adhyAya para vaise likhane kA vicAra kiyA kintu sAdhu-sAdhvI samudAya ke lie aMgrejI bhASA ucita na hone se usI vicAra ko thAma diyA / puna: siddhahema saMparNa zabdAnazAsana ke pAMcoM aMga, prakriyA graMthoM va dyAzraya mahAkAvya, bhaTTikAvya ityAdi ke sAtha tulanAtmaka mahAnibaMdha likhane kA vicAra huA / usake lie Ayojana bhI kiyA kintu sva. DaoN. jayadevabhAI mo. zukla jaise mUrdhanya vaiyAkaraNa kI yaha rAya milI kI yadi yaha kArya kisI nizcita samayAvadhi meM samApta karane kI Apa AzA rakhate ho aura pIeca.DI. yA DI. liTa. kI upAdhi ke lie vaha kArya karanA cAhate ho to vaha bahuta muzkila hai, kintu samaya kA bandhana na ho aura kevala svAntaHsukhAya ho to koI prazna nahIM hai| dUsarA eka sujhAva unhoMne yaha rakhA ki siddhahema kI paramparA ke kevala prakriyA granthoM va pANinIya paramparA ke kevala prakriyA graMtha-laghasiddhAntakaumudI aura siddhAntakaumudI ityAdi kA tulanAtmaka adhya siddhahema paramparA ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAya to acchA hogA kyoMki isa viSaya meM yahA~ bhArata meM aura videza meM koI vizeSa adhyayana nahIM huA hai / antatogatvA pa. pU. paramopakArI gurudeva AcArya bhagavaMta zrIvijayasUryodayasUrIzvarajI mahArAja va pa. pU. munizrI zIlacandravijayajI mahArAja (vartamAna meM pa. pU. AcArya zrIvijayazIlacandrasUrijI mahArAja ) kI preraNA se 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke viSaya meM adhyayana karane kA nizcaya kiyA / vaise to vi. saM. 2038 ke cAturmAsa ke daurAna bambaI (mATuMgA)meM parama pUjya muni zrIzIlacandravijayajI mahArAja ke pAsa 'nyAyasaMgraha' kA adhyayana kiyA thA aura zuru ke pandraha nyAyoM kA gujarAtI bhASA meM anuvAda bhI kiyA thA, kintu usI vakhta aisI tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane kI dRSTi nahIM thI / yahA~ eka bAta batAnA Avazyaka hai ki maiMne haimalaghuprakriyA aura siddhahemalaghavRtti kA pUrNataH adhyayana pa. pU. vidvadvarya muni zrIzIlacandravijayajI mahArAja ke pAsa hI kiyA hai, ataH unheM kRtajJatA ke sAtha smaraNapatha meM lAkara namaskAra karatA huuN| vi. saM. 2040 kA cAturmAsa ahamadAbAda, (pAMjarApola, jaina upAzraya) meM huA, usI samaya pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke mAnya paMDita zrI rajanIkAnta naTavaralAla parIkha kA paricaya huA / pahale to ve siddhahema vyAkaraNa kI paramparA se ajJAta hone se, tulanAtmaka adhyayana karAne kI sammati unhoM ne nahIM dI thI, kintu bAda meM, ve sammata ho gaye / phalataH vi. saM. 2041 ke kapaDavaMja cAturmAsa meM 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' nAmaka bRhadvRtti aura usI vRtti kA nyAsa tathA paramapUjya tapAgacchAdhipati zAsanasamrAT bAlabrahmacArI AcArya bhagavaMta zrIvijayanemisUrIzvarajI mahArAja ke paTTadhara mahAn vaiyAkaraNa, siddhahema va pANinIya paramparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrIzvarajI kI banAyI huI 'nyAyasamuccaya' kI 'nyAyArthasindhu' va 'taraGga' nAmaka TIkAoM kA adhyayana aura usake sA tulanAtmaka-anusandhAna svarUpa lekhana kArya kA paMDitavarya zrIrajanIkAntabhAI ke pAsa hI prAraMbha kiyA / isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke lekhanakArya meM unakA pUrNataH mArgadarzana milA hai / jahA~ jahA~ pU. A. zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrijI kI 'taraGga' nAmaka TIkA meM navyanyAya kI zailIyukta vizeSa vyAkhyA-pariSkAra Adi AyA, usakI pUrI samajha unhoMne dI hai tathA pANinIya paramparA ke 'paribhASenduzekhara' Adi graMthoM meM dI gaI vyAkhyAe~, zAstrArtha ityAdi kI bhI pUrI samajha unase hI prApta huI hai / etadartha maiM unakA pUrI taraha RNI huuN|

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[10]] 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke prathama khaNDa/vakSaskAra va dvitIya khaNDa/vakSaskAra kA lekhanakArya vi. saM. 2041 ke kapaDavaMja ke cAturmAsa meM hI sampanna huA aura tRtIya khaNDa kA lekhana kArya cAturmAsa ke bAda ahamadAbAda Aye taba phAlguna mAsa meM unake hI mArgadarzana anusAra sampanna huA / caturtha khaNDa meM kevala eka hI nyAya kA vistRta vivecana thA aura unakA kevala anuvAda hI karanA thA, vaha zeSa raha gayA thaa| ye tInoM khaNDa kA mUlata: gujarAtI vivecana, gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta ke vyAkhyAtA aura 'pANinIya saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra paramparAno itihAsa' grantha ke lekhaka mUrdhanya vaiyAkaraNa DaoN. jayadevabhAI zukla ne sAdyaMta paDhakara vizeSa sUcanAe~ dI thii| unakI sUcanA kA pUrNataH pAlana kiyA gayA hai, yaha eka khuzI kI bAta hai| durbhAgyapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki kucha hI sAla pUrva unakA dehAMta ho gayA hai| vaise to 'nyAyasaMgraha' kA gujarAtI vivecana vi. saM. 2045 meM hI prakAzita karAne kI merI apanI bhAvanA thI kintu bhavitavyatA hI bhinna thI / ataH vi. saM. 2047 taka isI kArya meM koI pragati na ho sakI / bAda meM pa. pU. gurudeva A. zrIvijayasUryodayasUrijI mahArAja va pa. pU. paMnyAsa zrIzIlacandravijayajI mahArAja kI sUcanA se tInoM khaNDa kI mudraNA pratilipi kI gaI, kintu bhavitavyatA kucha aura hI thI / ata: kahIM se aisI mA~ga AyI ki aisA vidvadbhogya graMtha gujarAtI ke bajAya rASTrabhASA hindI meM ho to acchA hogA / pariNAmataH hindI saMskaraNa taiyAra karane kI sUcanA mujhe milI / bAda meM do varSa taka meM apanI zArIrika va samaya kI pratikUlatAoM ke kAraNa hindI saMskaraNa taiyAra na kara pAyA / usI samaya ke daurAna 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke caturtha khaNDa kA gujarAtI anuvAda, jo zeSa raha gayA thA, vaha saMpanna kiyA / punaH pa. pU. gurudeva ke ati Agraha se hindI bhASA meM anuvAda karane kA prAraMbha kiyA / yahI hindI saMskaraNa unakI hI preraNA kA pariNAma hai, etadartha unakA pUjyabhAva va upakAra buddhi se smaraNa karake vaMdana va namaskAra karatA huuN| yahI hindI saMskaraNa kI pANDulipi ko Do. anilakumAra jaina (o.ena.jI.sI. ke AI. Ara. esa. yuniTa ke ucca nAyaba niyAmaka, ahamadAbAda) va zrI maNibhAI paTela (ahamadAbAda) ne sAdyaMta paDhakara bhASAkIya dRSTi se kSatimukta banAyA hai / etadartha unake prati kRtajJatA abhivyakta karatA hU~ / 'nyAyasaMgraha kA eka anUThA vivecana' likha dene ke lie zrI lA. da. prAcya vidyAmaMdira va zrImatI zAradAbahana cI. lAlabhAI zaikSaNika zodha saMsthAna, ahamadAbAda ke niyAmaka DA. jitendrabhAI bI. zAha ko dhanyavAda / yahI jJAnasAdhanA meM pa. pa. AcArya zrIvijayabhadrasenasarijI mahArAja, manizrI jinasenavijayajI, Adi kI pratyakSa yA parokSa sahAyatA milI hai, etadartha unakA smaraNa karanA merA Avazyaka kartavya hai| munizrI vimalakIrtivijayajI ke avismaraNIya sahayoga se yaha graMtha pUrNatayA kSatimukta banA hai, etadartha unako dhanyavAda / itanI dasa-gyAraha sAla kI lambI samayAvadhi ke bAda bhI yaha grantha prakAzita ho rahA hai, yaha mere lie jarUra khuzI kI bAta hai| aise graMtha kA vivecana mere lie prathama prayatna hI hai, ata: vidvajjanoM kI dRSTi se isameM kSatiyA~ hone kI pUrNata: saMbhAvanA hai hI, aisI kSatiyoM ke prati vidvajjana aMgulinirdeza karane kI kRpA kareM tA ki dUsare saMskaraNa ko saMmArjita kiyA jA ske| punaH isI saMpUrNa grantha meM mUlasUtrakAra va vRttikAra kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI, nyAyavRttikAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi tathA AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrijI ke Azaya viruddha apanI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa kucha kahA gayA ho/likhA gayA ho to una sabakA 'mithyA me dRSkRtam' detA huuN| sAtha sAtha sajjana vidvAnoM se vijJapti karatA hU~ ki dRSTidoSa ke kAraNa yA akSarasaMyojaka dvArA kI gaI azuddhioM kA saMmArjana karake mudrita prati ko zuddha kreN| // iti zam // vi. saM. 2052 -muni nandighoSavijaya bhAdrapada sita caturdazI, 26, sitambara, 1996 dAdAsAheba jaina upAzraya, bhAvanagara - 364 001

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// zrIzaGkezvarapArzvanAthAya namaH // // namo namaH zrIgurUnemisUraye // // aiM namaH // nyAyasaMgraha : eka adhyayana 1. vyAkaraNazAstra kI AvazyakatA samaya nadI ke pravAha kI taraha asthira hai, gatizIla hai| vaise saMsAra bhI parivartanazIla hai| sAtha sAtha saMsAra kI pratyeka cIja bhI parivartanazIla hone se koI bhI cIja kA eka hI svarUpa lambe arasoM taka sthira nahIM raha pAtA hai, to bhalA bhASA kA svarUpa kaise sthira raha pAtA ? gujarAtI bhASA meM eka kahAvata hai ki 'bAra gAue bolI badalAya' / arthAt pradeza badalane para bhASA bhI badala jAtI hai / isa prakAra deza aura kAla ke anusAra bhASA meM parivartana hotA hI rahA hai| usI parivartana ko kacheka aMza meM kama karake bhASA ko eka hI svarUpa meM bAMdha rakhane ke lie, bhASA ke niyama banAye gayeM / jo Age calakara vyAkaraNa meM parivartita ho gaye / sAre vizva kI pratyeka bhASA meM vyAkaraNa haiM / yadyapi choTe choTe bacce to binA vyAkaraNa paDhe hI bolacAla kI bhASA zIkha lete haiM, usake lie vyAkaraNa paDhane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kintu jaba likhane kA prazna upasthita hotA hai taba, aura sabhya samAja meM bolI jAnevAlI bhASA ke lie vyAkaraNa paDhane kI AvazyakatA rahatI hI hai| isa prakAra pahale zuruzuru meM saMskRta bhASA kA svarUpa bhI asthira thA, use sthira svarUpa dene kA, maharSi pANini se pUrva kaI prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne prayatna kiyA thA, lekina ve pUrNata: saphala na ho pAye / maharSi pANini ne saMskRta vyAkaraNa banAkara, saMskRta bhASA ke parivartana ko bahuta kucha mAtrA meM thAma liyA aura saMskRta bhASA ko vyavasthita rUpa meM niyamabaddha bnaayii| jaise jyotiHzAstra meM tIna vibhAga - 1. gaNita, 1. saMhitA aura 3. jAtaka haiM, vaise vyAkaraNazAstra meM bhI sUtroM ke tIna vibhAga ho sakate haiM - 1. zabdasiddhi, 2. zabdArthanizcaya, 3. sUtrArthanizcaya / tathApi vyAkaraNazAstra ke mUla graMtho meM ye tInoM prakAra ke sUtra bhinna bhinna nahIM batAye gaye haiM / saMskRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa se ziSTa/sabhya samAja meM jisakI pravRtti hotI thI, aisI bhASA kA vyavasthita rUpa se jJAna/bodha hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM prAcIna kAla se hI gIrvANagirA/devabhASA meM bahata se graMtho kA nirmANa hotA calA A rahA hai, use par3hane ke lie-samajhane ke lie vyAkaraNazAstra, zabdakoSa aura kAvyAnuzAsana, tInoM paDhanA Avazyaka hai / inameM vyAkaraNazAstra kA adhyayana paramAvazyaka hai, usake binA anya do zAstra-zabdakoSa yA liGgAnuzAsana va kAvyAnuzAsana kA adhyayana karanA asaMbhavita hai| 2. paribhASA kA udbhava aura vikAsa : pANini, vyADi aura kAtyAyana kisI bhI zAstra kA apanA vizeSa zabdakoSa hotA hai, vaise usake apane viziSTa siddhAMta bhI hote haiM / jise mUlagata siddhAMta kahe jA sakate haiM / saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra kA udbhava hote hI usake AnuSaMgika viziSTa niyamoM kA bhI udbhava haa| zAyada zuruzuru meM aise niyama bahata kama saMkhyA meM hoMge, isI vajaha se hI ve maukhika paramparA meM rahe hoMge / kintu jaba usameM tarka kA praveza huA, taba ve graMthastha hue hoNge| vyAkaraNazAstra loka meM pracalita bhASA kA hI anvAkhyAna hai, ata eva zuruzurumeM prAyaH laukika vyavahAra These works had their origin simultencously with the vitti. (Introduction, Paribhasasamgraha by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara. BORI. Poona. pp.2)

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[12] ke anusAra kucheka niyama pracalita bane hoMge kintu bAda meM sarvatra usI niyama kI pravRtti karane para anartha hone lage hoMge yA aniSTa rUpoM kI Apatti A paDane lagI hogI, taba usameM laukika niyama/nyAya ke apavAda svarUpa dUsare bhI niyamoM kA praveza huA hogaa| aise niyama hI paribhASA yA vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA banAye gaye vyAkaraNazAstropayogI nyAya kahe jAne lge| pANinIya paramparA meM bahuta se vArtika aise haiM, jo vyAkaraNazAstra ke sAmAnya siddhAMta haiM aura ve sUtroM kI yathArtha samajha dene meM atyupayogI hai aura kucheka vArtika, zabdoM kA arthanizcaya meM atyupayogI hai| Age calakara aise saba vArtika paribhASA ke nAma se prasiddha hue| pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI meM bhI aise paribhASA svarUpa sUtra haiM, hAlA~ki usakI saMkhyA bahuta kama hai| pANini ne svayaM aSTAdhyAyI ke prathamAdhyAya ke prathama pAda meM aise kucha sUtra diye haiM / bhASyakAra pataMjali ina satroM ko paribhASA sUtra kahate haiM / pANinIya paramparA ke vaiyAkaraNa inhIM niyamoM ko paribhASA ke rUpa meM pahacAnate haiN| jabaki zrIhemacandrAcAryajI inakI nyAya ke rUpa meM pahacAna dete haiM kyoMki ina nyAyasUtroM kA prAyaH kisI bhI vyAkaraNazAstra ke sAtha sambandha ho sakatA hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke graMtho meM zuru zuru meM ye paribhASAe~ vibhinna vyAkaraNa graMthoM meM hI unake sUtra ke rUpa meM thI kyoMki pratyeka vaiyAkaraNa ne banAye hue apane vyAkaraNasatra ke arthaghaTana va samajha dene meM ve atyanta sahAyaka hone se apane vyAkaraNa ke sUtra ke sAtha hI ise sUtrAtmaka rUpa meM guMtha lI thii| vyAkaraNazAstra ke sUtroM meM atisaMkSiptatA mukhya hI thI, ata: vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM ko atisaMkSipta svarUpa dene ke lie vizeSa saMjJAoM kI AvazyakatA khaDI huI kintu usake sAtha sAtha sUtroM ke nizcita artha karane lie aura usakI pravRtti kahA~, kaise ho sakatI hai, vaha batAne ke lie kucheka viziSTa niyamoM kI AvazyakatA pratIta huI / apanI isa AvazyakatA ke anusAra zuru zuru meM kucheka vaiyAkaraNoM ne apane vyAkaraNa graMtha meM Avazyaka aise ka sUtra banA liye / bAda meM anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne inhIM sUtroM ko yathAvat yA to thoDA sA parivartana karake apane vyAkaraNa meM sthAna diyA yA to maukhika rUpa se usakA svIkAra karake, usI sUtroM ke anusAra pravRtti kI / Age calakara ina saba sUtroM kI paribhASA ke rUpa meM khyAti huI / pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI ke pahale pAda ke sUtroM ko paribhASAsUtra ke rUpa meM pahacAnane kI paramparA kAtyAyana ke samaya se zuru huI hai aisA eka anumAna hai| kyoMki pANini ne svayaM apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM isake lie paribhASA zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| inakI asara pazcAtkAlIna vaiyAkaraNoM para bhI rahI hai| zrIhemacandracAryajI ne svayaM unake vyAkaraNa ke anta meM-sAtaveM adhyAya ke caturtha pAda ke anta meM aisI kucha paribhASAe~ dI hai| kintu samaya ke pravAha ke sAtha inhIM 2. Ibidem. pp. 2 3. Ibidem, pp. 3 Vaidyanatha Payagunde has accordingly defined it in the words "parito vyApRtAM bhASAM paribhASAM pracakSate". Many commentators have followed this definition. (Introduction Paribhasendusekhara, BORI, by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp. 3) 'nyAyasUtrANAM tu vyAkaraNAntarAdizAstreSvapi tathaiva paThitatvAccirantanatvam' (nyAyasaMgraha, zrIhemahaMsagaNi, pR. 2) Bravity, generally, was the soul of sutra works. (Introduction, Paribhasasamgraha, Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp.1) draSTavyaH 'pANinIya saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra paramparAno itihAsa'. DaoN. jayadevabhAI mo. zukla, pR. 98, (prakAzaka : yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, ahamadAbAda-6) The word Paribhasa does not occur in the Astadhyayi of Panini. (Introduction, Paribhasasamgraha, Prof. K. V. Abhyankara. pp. 4) draSTavyaH siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana, saptamAdhyAya, caturthapAda, sUtra - 'paJcamyA nirdiSTe parasya' 7/4/104 se 'samarthaH / padavidhiH ' 7/4/122.

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[13] paribhASAoM ke bAre meM vizeSa rUpa se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA pratIta hone para mUla vyAkaraNagraMthoM se ise pRthaka karake usa para svataMtra rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA / paribhASAoM ke bAre meM isa prakAra svataMtra rUpa se sarva prathama bAra vicAra vyADi nAmaka eka vaiyAkaraNa ne kiyA / yadyapi pANini se pUrva hue vaiyAkaraNoM ke vyAkaraNagraMthoM meM paribhASAe~ to thI hI aura honI hI cAhie, tathApi usake bAre meM koI vizeSa graMtha yA vRtti hone ke koI sabUta hameM prApta nahIM hote haiM, kintu prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ke paribhASA sambandhI saMdarbha sIradeva kI paribhASAvRtti, kaiyaTa aura haradatta ke granthoM meM se prApta hote haiM / vyADi kA samaya pANini ke bAda aura pataMjali se pUrva mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki pataMjali ke mahAbhASya meM vyADi ke paribhASAsaMgraha kI bahuta sI paribhASAe~ prApta hotI hai| ataH usase aisA siddha hotA hai ki vyADi pataMjali ke purogAmI the| vArtikakAra kAtyAyana ke bahuta se vArtika pataMjali ke mahAbhASya meM prApta hote haiM, ata: kAtyAyana bhI pataMjali se pUrva hue haiM, aisA svayaM siddha hotA hai / vyADi aura kAtyAyana meM kauna pahale hue aura kauna bAda meM, isakA nirNaya karanA kaThina hai tathApi pANini ke bAda 100 varSa ke andara hI vyADi ke dvArA 'paribhASAsUcana' kI racanA haI ho, bAda meM 200 varSa ke bAda kAtyAyana ne vArtikoM kI racanA kI ho, aisA asaMbhavita nahIM hai kyoMki pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI sambandhita vArtikoM kI saMkhyA itanI adhika hai ki yadi pANini va kAtyAyana ke bIca kama se kama 250-300 varSa kA antara na ho to pANini dvArA nimita sUtroM meM itane jyAdA/adhika pramANa meM parivartana karane kI AvazyakatA kA saMbhava hI nahIM ho sakatA / yadyapi vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana meM kucheka vArtika avazya prApta hote haiM tathApi sarva vArtika kevala kAtyAyana ke haiM aisA nahIM hai aura mahAbhASya meM pataMjali ne bhI aisA kahIM nahIM kahA hai ki ye saba vArtika kevala eka hI vaiyAkaraNa dvArA prakSipta hai| 14 saMkSepa meM isase itanA siddha hotA hai ki pANini ke bAda thoDe hI samaya meM vyADi hue ho, usI samaya ke daurAna thoDe se vArtika pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI meM prakSipta hue ho, anya vArtika bAda meM prakSipta hue ho kintu kAtyAyana dvArA prakSipta vArtikoM kI saMkhyA adhikatama hone se usakI vArtikakAra ke rUpa meM prasiddhi huI ho / dUsarI bAta aSTAdhyAyI meM kahIM kahIM vArtika ke sAtha pUrva sambandhita paribhASAe~ bhI prApta hotI hai, jo 10. Vyadi is traditionally believed to have been the first writer on Vyakarana Paribhasa. The belief is substantiated by a remark made in the Laghuparibhasa vitti compiled by a pupil of Bhaskarabhatta Agnihotri, which available in manuscript form. The remark runs as follows : "kecittu vyAkhyAnato vizeSapratipattirityAdisarvAH paribhASA vyADimuninA viracitA ityAhuH / " (Introduc tion, Paribhasendusekhara, Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp.4) 11. 'pANinIya saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra paramparAno itihAsa' DaoN. jayadevabhAI zukla. pR. 99 12. The paribhasavitti of Vyadi termed Paribhasasucana by the author himself, is the oldest of all the eleven glosses. It was written after Panini, but before Patanjali (Paribhasasamgraha, Introduction by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp.8) 13. DaoN. jayadevabhAI zukla, paribhASAsUcana ke kartA vyADi hI the, aisI pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI kI mAnyatA ko pUrNa rUpa se svIkAra karane se pUrva, anya sabUtoM-anusandhAna kAryoM kI pratIkSA karane ko kahate haiM / (draSTavya : 'pANinIya saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra paramparAno itihAsa' pR. 108) 14. The vartikas, which are stated in the Mahabhasya can not be said to be the work of a single author. (Introduction, Paribhasasamgraha by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp.12)

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[14] vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana meM bhI prApta hai, ataH kAtyAyana se pUrva hI vyADi hue hai, aisA nizcaya ho sakatA hai| taduparAMta kAtyAyana ke vArtika isa bAta ke dyotaka hai ki usI kAla meM bhI saMskRtabhASA kA svarUpa atyanta parivartanazIla thA kyoMki pANini jaise mahAn vaiyAkaraNa, unake samaya kI saMskRtabhASA kA pUrNa vyAkaraNa taiyAra karane meM niSphala gaye hoMge aura bAda meM pazcAtkAlIna vaiyAkaraNa kAtyAyana ne usake parimArjana ke rUpa meM vArtikoM kA prakSepa kiyA ho, vaha mAnA jA sakatA nahIM hai| maharSi pANini ne pUrNa vyAkaraNa banAyA ho kintu samaya ke pravAha ke sAtha lokabhASA meM bahuta se naye prayoga pracalita hue hoMge aura una sabakA saMgraha karane kI AvazyakatA lagane para anya vaiyAkaraNa aura vArtikAra kAtyAyana ne ise vArtikoM ke rUpa meM aSTAdhyAyI meM dAkhila kiye ho, aisA anumAna saba kara sakate haiM / vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana ko chor3akara, unakA hI paribhASApATha upalabdha hai, kintu vaha pUrNataH vyADi kA apanA hI banAyA gayA ho aisA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki usameM bahuta sI atirikta paribhASAe~ hai aura paribhASAoM kA krama bhI paribhASAsUcana ke sAtha milatA jhulatA nahIM hai arthAt vyADi ke bAda anya kisIne vyADi ke mUla paribhASApATha meM nayAparivartana aura atirikta paribhASAoM ko sammilita karake vyADi ke nAma se rakha diyA ho, vaha asaMbhavita yA azakya pratIta nahIM hotA hai / samaya kI paripATI arthAt kAlAnukrama se, vyADi ke bAda zAkaTAyana kA paribhASApATha AtA hai kintu usakI vicAraNA hama Age kareMge / vizeSa ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki pANinIya paramparA meM vyADi ke bAda, prAyaH vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI paryanta paribhASA ke bAre meM kucha bhI kArya nahIM huA hai to dUsarI ora isI samaya ke daurAna zAkaTAyana, cAndra va kAlApaparibhASApATha banAye gaye aura kAtantra vyAkaraNa sambandhita durgasiMhakRta kAtantraparibhASAvRtti, bhAvamizrakRta kAtantra paribhASAvRtti va paribhASApATha kA nirmANa huA, usake bAda bhoja, vyAkaraNa meM vyavasthita svarUpa meM prathama adhyAya ke dvitIya pAda ke sUtra kramAMka 18 se lekara 135 taka paribhASAsUtra prApta hote haiN| yahI bhoja vyAkaraNa (jisakA dUsarA nAma 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' hai) ko dekhakara hI gurjarezvara siddharAja ne zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ko gujarAta kA apanA vyAkaraNazAstra banAne kI preraNA dI thii| 3. kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI jIvana aura jJAnasAdhanA : ' kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI kA janma vi. saM. 1145. (i. sa. 1088 ) kI kArtika zukla pUrNimA ke dina dhaMdhukAnagara (gujarAta meM ahamadAbAda ke pAsa) meM huA thaa| kevala pAMca varSa kI umra meM ve AcArya zrIdevacandrasUrijI ke sAtha staMbhatIrtha pahuMce the aura kevala 9 varSakI umra meM hI vi. saM. 1954 (i. sa. 1098 ) mAgha zukla 14 ko unhoMne staMbhatIrtha (khaMbhAta-gujarAta) meM pravajyA grahaNa kI " aura AcArya zrI devacandrasUrijI ke ziSya bane / unakA dIkSA samaya kA nAma thA muni somacandra / unake pitA cAcIga jo moDhajJAtIya vaNika the aura mAtA pAhiNIdevI, jo jainadharma meM zraddhA rakhanevAlI thI, Age calakara unhIM ne pravrajyA grahaNa kI thI aura sAdhvI samudAya meM pravartinI pada para ArUDha kI gaI thii| zrIhemacandrasUrijI kA gRhastha avasthA kA nAma cAMgadeva thA / apanI tIvra medhA se bahuta hI alpa kAla meM unhoM ne sAre graMtho kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA, na kevala jaina graMtho (AgamoM) kA, api tu prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ke vyAkaraNazAstra ke sAtha sAtha anya dArzanika zAstroM kA bhI gahana adhyayana kiyaa| pariNAmataH vi. saM. 1966 (i. sa. 1910) vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ke dina, kevala ikkIsa varSa kI umra meM unako AcAryapadAruDa kiye gae aura AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI nAma se ghoSita kiye gye| unake siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana (bRhadvRtti aura bRhannyAsa) meM prApta vAska, ApizalI, zAkalya, 15. anya eka mata ke anusAra vi. saM. 1150 (i. sa. 1093) meM zrIhemacandrasUrijI kI dIkSA huI thii|

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[15] pANini, pataMjali, devanandin jayAditya, vAmana, zAkaTAyana, candragomin, bhoja aura anya bahuta se vaiyAkaraNoM ke uddharaNa/sandarbha se patA calatA hai ki ina vaiyAkaraNoM ke graMtho kA unhoMne pUrNataH Thosa adhyayana kiyA hogaa| gurjarezvara siddharAja jayasiMha ke anurodha se unhoMne siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana nAmaka saMskRta-prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI / to paramArhat mahArAjA kumArapAla to unakA ziSya hI bana cukA thA / usake lie AcAryazrI ne vItarAga stotra aura yogazAstra kI racanA kI thii| apane jIvanakAla meM unhoMne siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana ke atirikta abhidhAnacintAmaNi, anekArthasaMgraha, nighaMTuzeSa (tInoM saMskRta zabdakoza), saMskRta vyAzraya mahAkAvya, liGgAnuzAsana, dezInAmamAlA, prAkRta vyAzraya, kAvyAnuzAsana, chando'nuzAsana, pramANamImAMsA, triSaSTizalAkA mahApuruSacaritra, yogazAstra Adi kI racanA kI / unake dvArA race gaye saMskRta stuti-stavana ityAdi meM anyayogavyacchedadvAtriMzikA, ayogavyacchedadvAtriMzikA, vItarAga stotra, mahAdevastotra (dvAtriMzikA), sakalArhat stotra Adi kA samAveza hotA hai| sAhityasarjana va jJAnasAdhanA ke sAtha sAtha unhoMne dharmopadeza dvArA gurjarezvara siddharAja jayasiMha va mahArAjA kumArapAla ko pratibodha karake samagra/samasta gurjara prajA meM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, sadAcAra, aparigraha ityAdi guNoM kA siMcana bhI kiyA, jisakI asara Aja bhI janamAnasa para rahI hai| vi. saM. 1229 (i. sa. 1173 )meM 84 varSa kI umra meM aNahilapurapaTTana meM unakA kAladharma/svargArohaNa huaa| 4. siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana aura haimaparibhASAvRttiyA~ jaina vyAkaraNa meM jinakA mukhya rUpa se ullekha hotA hai aura hAla meM upalabdha hai, unameM haimavyAkaraNa (siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana) kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| prAcIna vyAkaraNa meM zAkaTAyana muni kA zAkaTAyana mahAvyAkaraNa, jainendra vyAkararaNa aura malayagiri zabdAnuzAsana mukhya hai| usake bAda gajarezvara siddharAja jayasiMha kI vidvatsabhA ke prathama sthAnIya aura paramArhat kumArapAla ke gura kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI dvArA racita saMskRta prAkRta vyAkaraNa AtA hai jisako 'siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana' nAma diyA gayA hai aura vaha vi. saM. 1199 ke arasoM meM banAyA gayA hai aura sAmAnyataH ise haimavyAkaraNa yA haimazabdAnuzAsana bhI kahA jAtA hai, jisameM ATha adhyAya hai| usameM prathama sAta adhyAya ke kula milAkara aThAIsa pAda meM saMskRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa hai, jabaki antima AThaveM adhyAya meM prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa hai| inameM prAkRta (mahArASTrI), zaurasenI, paizAcI, cUlikApaizAcI, mAgadhI aura apabhraMza bhASA kA samAveza hotA hai| AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne vaidika saMskRta aura svarabhAra (accents) ko choDakara pANini paramparAgata bahuta se siddhAMto kA apane DhaMga se vivecana kiyA hai| unake vyAkaraNa kA viSayAnukrama isa prakAra hai -: 1. saMjJA, 2. sandhi, 3. nAma, 4. kAraka, 5. SatvaNatva prakaraNa, 6. strIpratyaya, 7. samAsa, 8. AkhyAta, 9. kRdanta, 10. taddhita / apane zabdAnuzAsana para unhoMne svayaM tIna prakAra kI vidvattApUrNa TIkAe~/vRttiyA~ likhI haiM / 1. laghuvRtti (6000 zloka pramANa), 2. bRhadvRtti (18000 zloka pramANa), 3. bRhanyAsa (84000 zloka pramANa) sAmAnyataH siddhahema kI paramparA ke lie aisA kahA jAtA hai ki usa para koI vizeSa sAhitya kI racanA nahIM kI gaI hai kintu aisA nahIM hai / siddhahema vyAkaraNa ke viSaya meM bahuta se AcArya aura sAdhue~ dvArA anya sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / siddhahema vyAkaraNa para nimnokta TIkA granthoM kI racanA huI hai| 1.laghunyAsa - 53000 zloka ____ zrIrAmacandrasUrijI ( zrIhemacandrasUrijI ke apane hI ziSya) 2. laghunyAsa - 9000 zloka -

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[16] 3. katicitdurgapadavyAkhyA zrIdevendrasUrijI ( zrIudayacandra ke ziSya) 4. nyAsoddhAra zrIkanakaprabhasUrijI (candragacchIya zrIdevendrasUrijI ke ziSya) 5. haimalaghuvRtti zrIkAkalakAyastha (zrIhemacandrasUrijI ke samakAlIna) 6. haimabRhadvRtti (DhuMDhikA) zrIsaubhAgyasAgara (saM. 1591) 7. haimavyAkaraNa (DhuMDhikA-saMskRta) zrIvinayacandra 8. haimavyAkaraNa (DhuMDhikA-prAkRta) zrIudayasaubhAgya gaNi 9. haimalaghuvRtti (DhuMDhikA) zrImunizekhara 10. haima avacUri zrIdhanacandra 11. haimacaturthapAdavRtti zrIudayasAgara 12. haimavyAkaraNadIpikA zrIjinasAgara 13. haimavyAkaraNabRhadavacUrNi zrIamaracandrasUri (saM. 1234) 14. haimavyAkaraNa avacUri ajJAtakartRka 15. haimavyAkaraNa avacUri zrIratnazekharasUri 16. prAkRtadIpikA zrIharibhadrasUri (dvitIya) 17. prAkRta avacUri zrIhariprabhasUri 18. haimadurgapadaprabodha zrIvallabha pAThaka (saM. 1661) 19. haimakArakasamuccaya zrIprabhasUri (saM. 1280) 20. haimavRtti zrIprabhasUri (saM. 1280) 21. AkhyAtavRtti zrInandasundara 22. siddhahemalaghuvRtti avacUri ajJAtakartRka siddhahemavyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para anya saMkSipta-kaumudI prakAra ke prakriyA graMtho kI bhI racanA kI gaI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai1. siddhasArasvata zrIdevAnandasUri ( zrIpradyumnasUrijI ke guru) 2. candraprabhA (haimakaumudI) zrImeghavijaya upAdhyAya (saM. 1758) 7000 zloka 3. haimazabdacandrikA zrImeghavijaya upAdhyAya 4. haimaprakriyA mahendrasuta vIrasI 5. haimalaghuprakriyA zrIvinayavijaya upAdhyAya (saM. 1710) 6. haimaprakAza (prakriyAbRhannyAsa) zrIvinayavijaya upAdhyAya (34000 zloka) uparyukta granthoM ko chor3akara anya granthoM kA bhI pichale 60-70 varSoM meM nirmANa huA hai siddhahemavyAkaraNa ke sahAyaka granthoM isa prakAra hai - 1. kriyAratnasamuccaya zrIguNaratnasUri (saM. 1466) 2. syAdizabdasamuccaya zrIamaracandrasUri (saM. 1226 se pUrva) 3. dhAtupATha (svaravarNAnukramayukta) zrIpuNyasundaragaNi 4. kavikalpadruma zrIharSavijaya 5. haimavibhramasaTIka zrIguNacandrasUri (terahavAM zataka) 6. haimavibhramavRtti zrIjinaprabhasUri (caudahavAM zataka) 7. liGgAnuzAsana avacUri zrIjayAnanandasUri 8. nyAyasaMgraha-nyAyArthamaJjUSAbRhavRtti zrIhemahaMsagaNi (saM. 1515)

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[17] 9. haimalaghunyAya prazasti avacUri zrIudayacandra 10.dhAtupArAyaNa kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrasUrijI zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ke vyAkaraNa meM dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, uNAdisUtra aura liGgAnuzAsana kA samAveza hotA hai kintu paribhASA sambandhita unakA apanA koI sAhitya nahIM hai| yudhiSThira mImAMsaka likhate hai ki - "AcArya hemacandra ne apane vyAkaraNa se saMbaddha paribhASAoM kI svayaM hI racanA kI aura svayaM hI unakI vyAkhyA kii|"16 kintu yaha sahI nahIM hai| hAM, AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM apanI bRhadvRtti ke anta meM 57 paribhASAoM kI eka sUci dI hai, jisameM apane pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNoM bhoja Adi ke paribhASAsaMgraha meM se pasaMda kI gaI mahattvapUrNa paribhASAoM kA samAveza hotA hai, tathApi usake krama Ayojana meM unakI apanI maulikatA pratIta hotI hai| siddhahema paramparA kI isI kamI ko paMDita zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne dUra karane kA mahattvapUrNa prayAsa kiyA hai| yadyapi unake pUrvavartI haima paramparA ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne isake lie prayatna to kiye hoMge kintu ve pUrNataH saphala nahIM hue hoMge, aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI 'nyAyArthamaJjuSA' nAmaka bRhadvRtti ke zabdoM se pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki 'una nyAyoM ke arthAt zrIhemacandrAcAryajI dvArA saMgrahita 57 nyAyoM ke anityatva kI upekSA karake vyAkhyA, udAharaNa aura jJApaka sahita eka choTI sI TIkA kisI prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa ne banAyI hai|7 saMbhavata: zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne jisa prAcIna nyAyavRtti kA sandarbha diyA hai, usakI eka prati lIMbaDI jaina zve. mU. pU. jJAnabhaMDAra meM maujUda hai, kintu durbhAgyapUrNabAta yaha hai ki usake kula tIna patra hI the, usameM se pahalA patra hI lupta ho gayA hai| zeSa do patra ke anta meM - "iti haimavyAkaraNasambaddhanyAyavRtti // graMthAgraM 175 // " likhA hai aura yahI prati saMbhavata: vikrama ke solAhaveM zataka ke prAraMbha meM likhI gaI hai| isakI anya do pratiyA~ lA. da. prAcya vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda-380009 ke saMgraha se prApta huyI hai| unameM se eka prati mUlanyAyavRtti kI hai, jabaki dUsarI prati meM bahuta sI TippaNiyA~ hai / isake alAvA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' para eka dUsarI 'laghunyAyavRtti prApta huyI hai, jo vi.saM. 1535 meM likhI gaI hai| saMbhava hogA to haimavyAkaraNa sambaddha aisI vibhinna nyAyavRttiyoM kA eka dUsarA graMtha prakAzita kiyA jaayegaa| Age calakara 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' bRhadvRtti ke svopajJanyAsa meM bhI unhoMne vRtti ke 'anityatvamupekSya' zabda kI spaSTatA karate hue batAyA hai ki "vastutaH 'siddhiH syAdvAdAt' 1/1/2 kahane se hI ziSTa prayoga kI siddhi ke lie hI ina saba nyAyoM kI pravRtti hotI hai, jahA~ nyAya kI pravRtti se aniSTa stya siddha hotA ho vahA~ nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, ataH prAya: ye saba nyAya anitya hI hai tathApi pUrvavartI nyAyavRtti ke TIkAkAra ne kahIM bhI nyAyoM kI anityatA batAyI nahIM hai|"18 nyAsa meM hI Age 'svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA' nyAya ke 'zabdasaMjJA' zabda kI spaSTatA karate haiM, usameM bhI 'prAktanyAM nyAyavRttau' zabda hai| Age calakara bRhannyAsa 16. draSTavyaH jainendramahAvRtti pR. 50 (bhUmikA) 17. 'teSAM cAnityatvamupekSya vyAkhyodAharaNajJApakAnAmeva prajJApanI kanIyasI TIkA kaishcitpraaciinaanuucaanaishcke| (nyAyasaMgraha - bRhadvRtti, pR. 1) 18. nyAyAH kila sarve'pi 'siddhi: syAdvAdAt' 1/1/2 iti bhaNanAt yathAziSTaprayogaM kvacit pravartyante kvacicca na pravartyante iti prAyo anityA eva santi; na ca teSAmanityatA prAktanaTIkAkAreNa kvApi prakaTiteti bhAvaH // (nyAyasaMgraha - svopajJanyAsa, pR. 157) 19. prAktanyAM nyAyavRttau tvazabdasaMjJetipadasya, yadi punaH zabdaH saMjJArUpa: syAttadA rUpasyAgrahaNamiti vyAkhyA'sti |(nyaaysNgrh svopajJanyAsa pR. 158)

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[18] meM hI 'susarvArddhadikzabdebhyo janapadasya' // 3 // nyAya kI bRhadvRtti ke "khyApakaM tvasya 'susarvArddhAdrASTrasya' 7/ 4/15, 'amadrasya dizaH' 7/4/16 iti sUtrAbhyAmuttarapadasya vRddhividhAnameva" zabdoM kI samajha dI hai, usameM "purAtananyAyavRttau' zabda prApta hai 20 zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke ina zabdoM se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki 'nyAyasaMgraha' se pUrva bhI haimaparamparA meM nyAyoM kI vRtti to hogI hI kintu 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI racanA ke sAtha hI usakA adhyayana prAya: lapta hotA calA ho aura Age calakara pUrNataH banda ho gayA ho / pariNAmataH isakI pratilipi bhI bAda meM nahIM huI hogii| dUsarI bAta yaha ki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI vRtti ko 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' nAma diyA hai aura ise bRhadvRtti kahI hai arthAt unake hI dvArA isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI laghuvRtti bhI banAyI gaI hogI kintu bRhadvRtti va usake nyAsa kI tulanA meM zAyada adhika mahattvapUrNa nahIM hone se, usakI pratilipi bahuta kama saMkhyA meM huI hogI aura haimavyAkaraNa kI adhyayana paramparA meM kevala isI bRhadvRtti kA hI adhikatama prayoga huA hogA / isI kAraNa se vaha kAlakavalita arthAt lupta ho gaI hogI, aisA eka anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI bRhadvatti meM bhI zAyada isakI laghavatti kA eka avazeSa/sandarbha upalabdha hotA hai - 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM dI gaI 'prakRtivadanukaraNam' // 6 // nyAya kI vRtti vastuta: bRhadvRtti hI nahIM hai, aisI AzaMkA asthAnApanna nahIM hai / nyAsa meM 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' nAmaka bRhadvRtti ke viziSTa padoM kI samajha dI gaI hai| isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM 'zabdArthanukaraNamiti' kahakara 'zabdArthAnukaraNa' kI samajha dI gaI hai,21 kintu chapI huI isa nyAya kI tathAkathita bRhadvRtti meM kahIM bhI 'zabdArthAnukaraNam' zabda hI nahIM hai 2 isase yaha anumAna ho sakatA hai ki isa nyAya kI bahadavatti pUrNata: nahIM mila pAyI hogI, kacha aMza lapta ho gayA hogA, kinta isa nyAya kI chapI harDa vRtti meM kahIM bhI sambandha truTita nahIM hotA hai / ata: haima paramparA ke kisI adhyetA ne yA kisI vidvAn ne Age calakara truTita bRhadvRtti ke sthAna para 'laghuvRtti' hI rakha dI ho aisI saMbhAvanA hai kyoMki chapI huI vRtti anya nyAyoM kI vRtti kI tulanA meM bahuta hI choTI hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki zAyada zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA hI 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI laghuvRtti kI racanA kI gaI hogI kintu abhI vaha aprApta hai| pANinIya paramparA se bhinna saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI paramparA meM paribhASA ke kSetra meM koI mahattvapUrNa vivecana graMtha kA nirmANa nahIM huA hai / usI taraha siddhahema kI paramparA meM bhI zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' ko choDakara koI mahattvapUrNa vivecana nahIM huA hai / pichale kucha sAla pahale tapAgacchAdhipati zAsanasamrATa AcArya zrIvijayanemisUrIzvarajI mahArAja ke paTTadhara mahAn vaiyAkaraNa AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrijI mahArAja ne isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke AdhAra para 'nyAyasamuccaya' nAmaka graMtha meM usI nyAyoM para 'nyAyayArthasindhu' aura 'taraGga' nAmaka pAMDityapUrNa TIkAe~ likhI hai, jo unakI vyAkaraNa aura nyAyazAstraviSayaka vidvattA kA paricaya detI hai| 5. 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI racanA paddhati yaha 'nyAyasaMgraha' kula milAkara cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa meM sUtrakAra AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI 20. purAtananyAyavRttau tasyaiva jJApakasya darzitatvAt / (nyAyasaMgraha-svopajJanyAsa, pR. 160) 21. 'zabdArthanukaraNamiti / ' yatra syAdvAdabalenAnukAryAnukaraNayorbhedavivakSA, tatra zabdaH prastAvAdanukAryarUpa evArtho, yasya, tacca tadanukaraNaM ca, zabdArthAnukaraNam / (nyAyasaMgraha - svopajJanyAsa pR. 162) 22. dravya : 'nyAyasaMgraha' pR. 8

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[19] dvArA, unakI svopajJa bRhadvRtti ke anta meM diye gae sattAvana nyAyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / dUsare khaNDa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA hI siddhahemabRhadvatti, laghunyAsa, bRhanyAsa ityAdi ke AdhAra para, isameM prApta paiMsaTha (65) nyAyoM kA samuccaya kiyA gayA hai aura usakA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai| tIsare khaNDa meM zAyada jJApakAdi se rahita kucha nyAyasadRza vizeSa vacanoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, jisakI saMkhyA kevala aThAraha (18) kI hai / inakA vivecana bahuta saMkSepa meM kiyA gayA hai / antima khaNDa meM samagra vyAkaraNazAstra va saMpUrNa nyAyazAstra (nyAyasaMgraha) kA pUraka kevala eka hI nyAya hai, jo vyAkaraNa se niSpanna na honevAle kintu ziSTasAhitya meM kavi Adi pratiSThita vyaktiyoM dvArA prayukta tathA anyAnya vyAkaraNaparamparA svIkRta zabda ityAdi kI siddhi karatA hai| ina cAroM khaNDoM ko nyAyasaMgrahakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne vakSaskAra nAma diye haiN| nyAyasaMgrahakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne pratyeka nyAya kI vivecanA meM prAya: eka hI paddhati apanAyI hai| prathama ve adhyAhAra padoM/zabdoM ko batA dete haiM, bAda meM , nyAya meM viziSTa pada ho to, usakI vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiM / nyAya kA artha bhI sAtha meM dekara, usake udAharaNa dete haiM / bAda meM nyAya ke jJApaka aura usakI carcA karake, anta meM nyAya kI anityatA, usake udAharaNa aura jJApaka Adi batAte haiM / sarvatra unakA yahI krama rahA hai / kevala 'kvibarthaM prakRtirevAha' // 14 // (tRtIya vakSaskAra) nyAya ke vivecana meM isI paddhati kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| vahA~ prathama, nyAya kI anityatA kA udAharaNa diyA hai| bAda meM nyAya ko samarthita karanevAle udAharaNa aura artha diye haiN| isase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki nyAyasUtroM/paribhASAoM ke vivecana yA vRtti kI yadi yahA~ dI gaI/svIkRta paddhati se bhinna paddhati kA kisI vRttikAra ne svIkAra kiyA ho to isameM koI bAdha nahIM hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke sUtroM kI racanA meM sUtrAtmaka paddhati kA Azraya kiyA hai / jaise vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM meM pUrvokta sUtroM ke zabdoM kI anuvRtti yA adhikAra agale sUtra meM AtI/AtA hai, usI prakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA race gaye nyAyasUtroM meM bhI zabdoM kI anuvRtti/adhikAra agale sUtra meM jAtI/jAtA hai / udA. 'balavannityamanityAt' // 41 // nyAyasUtragata balavat' zabda kI anuvRtti, apavAdAt kvacidutsargo'pi' // 56 // nyAya taka arthAt agale pandrahasUtroM meM jAtI hai / ThIka usI taraha nyAyoM meM bhI paraspara bAdhyabAdhakabhAva hotA hai| udA. 'AdezAdAgamaH' // 50 // aura 'AgamAtsarvAdezaH' // 51 // yahA~ 'AdezAdAgamaH ' // 50 // bAdhya hai aura 'AgamAtsarvAdeza: // 51 // usakA bAdhaka hai| yadyapi 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke prathama khaNDa/vakSaskAra ke 57 nyAyasUtra kI racanA va krama yojanA AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM kI hai aura usameM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne koI parivartana nahIM kiyA hai tathApi Age donoM vakSaskAra/khaNDoM meM unhoMne isI paddhati kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / udA. dvitIya khaMDa ke prathama nyAyasUtra 'prakRtigrahaNe svArthikapratyayAntAnAmapi grahaNam' // 1 // sUtra ke 'grahaNam' zabda kI anuvRtti agale pAMca sUtra meM hotI hai / ThIka usI taraha 'sApekSamasamartham' // 28 // aura 'pradhAnasya tu sApekSatve'pi samAsaH' // 29 // , donoM nyAya meM parasparabAdhyabAdhakabhAva hai| isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI vaividhyasabhara prAsAdika zailI, saralatA dekhane se unakI prakAMDa vidvattA kA paricaya hotA hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne apane 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM 'jJApaka' aura 'anityatA' zabdoM ke samAnArthaka vibhinna aneka zabdoM ke prayoga kiye haiM / ye zabdoM ko svayaM unhoM ne vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para hI, vyutpattiyukta, anvarthaka banAkara prayukta kiye haiM / aisA zabdoM kA vaividhya nIrasa aise vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana ko rasaprada (rasadAyaka) banAtA hai / tathA 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI vRtti meM kahIM kahIM vyAkaraNa ke nyAya ke samarthana/puSTi meM laukika nyAyoM ke udAharaNa diye haiM, to kahIM kahIM vyAkaraNa meM laukika nyAya se viruddha bhI kiyA jAtA hai, yaha batAne ke lie loka vyavahAra kisa prakAra hotA hai, yaha bhI batAyA hai|

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[20] 'jJApaka' ke lie 'khyApaka,sthApaka, bodhaka, gamaka, pramApaka, upadarzaka, anumApaka, nivedaka, sampAdaka, saMvAdaka, anuvAdaka, nizcAyaka, nirNAyaka, jJaptikara, udghoSaka, pradarzaka, vimudraka, unnayana, ApAdaka, saMbhAvaka, jJaptikRttva, AsAdaka, prapaJcaka, saMvAdI jJaptikuzala, praNAyaka, praghoSaka, praguNaka, ghoSaka, prANaka, sUcaka, pravartaka, khyAtikara, sphAtikara, sattAkara, vyaktikara, udbhAvaka, AvirbhAvaka, AviSkaraNa, prakAzaka, vikAzaka, pratibhAsaka, udbhAsaka, vibhAsaka, uddIpaka, udyotaka' ityAdi bahuta se zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'anitya' va 'anityatA' ke lie prayukta vividha zabda isa prakAra hai -: 'asthiratA, astheSThatva, asthairya, audAsInya, anaikAntikatva, vyabhicArI, savyabhicAra, caJcala, avyApaka, apraNidheya, anAdaraNa, dabhratva, uparati, asAmarthya, anAgrahitA, jayya, svarucitva, akSAmatva, anaujasvitvAd, abaliSThatA, kAdAcitkatva, apramANa, asaMpAtitva, aprAmANya, calatva, anaiSThika, azaMbala, avizvAsya, capalatva, caTulatva, taralatva, bhraMzazIla, pariplava, aniddhatA, asArvatrikatA, anirNIti, aniyata, anaiyatya, adRDha, aniyamatva, syAdvAdI, abaliSThatva, asthemA, kSAmatva' ityAdi bahuta se vibhinna zabda haiM / 6. 'nyAyasaMgraha' grantha ke kartA zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke kartA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isa grantha ko choDakara anya do mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye haiN| 1. SaDAvazyakabAlAvabodha 2. ArambhasiddhivArtika / SaDAvazyakabAlAvabodha graMtha zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke 45 AgamasUtragata AvazyakasUtra kA tatkAlIna gujarAtI bhASA meM anuvAda hai aura yahI graMtha muni aura zrAvakoM kI dainikakriyA ke chaH AvazyakoM kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, ata: isI grantha unhoMne zrAvakoM kI prArthanA hone para likhA hai, aisA isI grantha kI puSpikA (colophon) /prazasti dekhane se patA calatA hai / yahI SaDAvazyakabAlAvabodha unhoMne vi. saM. 1510 meM likhA hai| 2. Arambhasiddhi, AcAryazrI udayaprabhasUrikRta jyoti:zAstra kA eka grantha hai, jina para zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne TIkA likhI hai, jisakI racanA saMvat hai vi. saM. 1514 / isI grantha se unake jyotiH zAstra viSayaka pAMDitya kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| nyAyasaMgraha' bRhadvatti kI prazasti kA nimnokta antima zloka bhI jyotiHzAstra sambandhita unake pAMDitya kA paricAyaka hai 4 "zrImad vikramavatsare tithitithau (1515) zakladvitIyAtithau,24 pUrvAhne mRgalAJchane mRgaziraH zRGgAgrazRGgAriNi / zukrasyAhani zukramAsi, nagare zrIsAgare'hammadA vAde nirmitapUrtireSa jayatAd granthaH sudhIvallabhaH // zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI stuti karate hue mahopAdhyAya zrIvinayavijayajI mahArAja apanI banAyI huI 'hemalaghuprakriyA' kI svopajJabRhadvatti ke anta meM likhate haiM - 25 "hemavyAkaraNArNavaM nijadhiyA nAvA'vagAhyamito, 'maJjUSA' samapUri bhUrighRNibhiryaiAyaralairiha / 23. yadyapi 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI prastAvanA meM SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha kI racanA saMvat 1510 batAyI hai tathApi "jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' meM zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI ne isakI racanA saMvat 1501 batAyA hai| (draSTavyaH jai. sA. saM. itihAsa. pa. 521, 487) 'jaina paramparAno itihAsa' bhAga-3 meM bho tripaTI mahArAja ne SaDAvazyakabAlAvabodha kI racanA saMvat 1501 hI batAyI hai| (jai. pa. no itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR. 461) 24. 'nyAyasaMgraha', prazasti - pR. 154 25. 'jaina paramparAno itihAsa' bhAga-3, pR. 460

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[21] jyotistattvavivarta vArtika' kRtaH zrImahaMsAhvayAH, jIyAsuH sumano manoramagiraH te vAcakAdhIzvarAH // 5 // ( racanA saMvat 1737, A. zu. 10, ratalAma ) isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' aura usakI bRhadvRtti va nyAsa kA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1515 hai / 'nyAyasaMgraha' mUla kA mAna svayaM unhoneM 68 zloka aura 10 akSara batAyA hai, vaise svopajJanyAyArthamaJjUSA nAmaka bRhadvRtti kA mAna sAdhika 3085 zloka aura svopajJanyAsa kA mAna 1200 zloka anumAnata: batAyA hai / zrImahaMsagaNi apanI guru paramparA batAte hue 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI prazasti / puSpikA (colophon) meM kahate haiM ki tapAgacchIya AcArya zrIjagaccandrasUrijI kI paTTa paramparA meM hue AcArya zrIdevasundarasUrijI ke paTTadhara AcArya zrI somasundarasUrijI ke zAsanakAla meM AcArya zrImunisundarasUrijI jinhoMne apane jIvanakAla meM caubIsa bAra sUrimaMtra kI vidhipUrvaka vizuddha AmnAya aura tapa ke sAtha ArAdhanA kI thI aura saMtikaraM stotra kI racanA karake mahAmAri roga kA nivAraNa kiyA thA, unake svahastoM se zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI dIkSA huI thI / sarvatra zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne usakA dIkSAguru ke rUpa meM nirdeza kiyA hai| sAtha sAtha unhoMne AcArya zrIjayacandrasUrijI kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha ke anta meM unhoMne AcArya zrIsomasundarasUrijI, AcArya zrImunisundarasUrijI tathA AcArya zrIjayacandrasUrijI ke nAma kA nirdeza kiyA hai kintu AcArya zrIratnazekharasUrijI ke nAma kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai / jabaki 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI bRhadvRtti va nyAsa ke anta meM tapAgaccha ke nAyaka ke rUpa meM unhoMne zrIratnazekharasUrijI kA nirdeza kiyA hai arthAt usI samaya A. zrIsomasundarasUrijI A. zrImunisundarasUrijI va A. zrIjayacandrasUrijI vidyamAna nahIM hoNge| isase atirikta mahopAdhyAya zrI cAritraratnagaNi kA apane vidyAguru ke rUpa meM nirdeza kiyA hai| isase yaha nizcita hotA hai ki unake jIvana meM vidyA va cAritravikAsa meM ina cAroM AcArya bhagavanta va zrIcAritraratnagaNi kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hogA / dUsarA eka ora prazna yaha hai ki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke guru kauna the ? zrImunisuMdarasUrijI zrIjayacandrasUrijI yA zrIcAritraratnagaNi ? SaDAvazyakabAlAvabodha ke anusAra zrImohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI ne unako zrIjayacandrasUrijI ziSya batAye haiM to 'AraMbhasiddhi' aura 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke anusAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi ko upAdhyAya zrIcAritraratnagaNi ke ziSya batAye haiM 126 tripuTI mahArAja aura zrIyuta mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI 'nyAyasaMgraha' mUla kI racanA saMvat 1515 batAte haiM aura isakI 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' nAmaka bRhadvRtti kI racanA saMvat 1516 batAte haiM / 27 jabaki 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI prazasti meM aura puSpikA meM unhoMne svayaM 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' nAmaka bRhadvRtti kI racanA saMvat 1515 hI batAyI hai 128 mahopAdhyAya (vAcaka) zrIhemahaMsagaNi kA dUsarA nAma paM. haMsadeva thA / A. zrIsomasundarasUri ne unako upAdhyAya pada pradAna kiyA thA / unhoMne saM. 1512 ke je. zu. 5 ko kherAlu (gAMva) meM 'ratnazekhara kathA' likhI thI aura usI varSa meM bhA. va. 5 ko DAbhalA (gAMva) meM paM. tIrtharAjagaNi ke lie 'zrIprabandha likhA thA / hAla hI meM zrImahaMsagaNiviracita zrIyugAdideva kA eka saMskRta stavana prApta huA hai| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake kula milAkara 13 zloka meM se prathama aura antima zloka ko choDakara zeSa gyAraha zloka meM kahIM bhI, kisI 26. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 515, jaina paramparAno itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR. 460 - 461. 27. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 515, jaina paramparAno itihAsa, bhAga - 3, pR. 460 - 461. 28. draSTavyaH nyAyasaMgraha, pR. 154, 155 29. draSTavya : zrI AdinAtha stavanam / sampAdaka : pa. pU. A. zrIvijayasUryodayapariziSya munizrI dharmakIrtivijayajI (anusandhAna - 7, zodhapatrikA, pR. 81, prakAH ka. sa. zrIhe. na. ja. smR. saM. zi. nidhi, ahamadAbAda ) 3

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[22] bhI zabda meM akAra ko chor3akara anya 13 svara meM se eka bhI svara dikhAI nahIM paDatA hai / arthAt sarva akSara akAravAle hI hai|o isI stavana kI pratilipi zrIsundaradevagaNa ne kI hai / durbhAgyapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki aise kavitvazaktivAn 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke kartA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke bAre meM isase jyAdA koI mAhitI prApta nahIM hai| unake janma sthala- samaya, mAtA-pitA, dIkSAsthala- samaya, paMDitapada aura vAcaka pada kA samaya, kAladharma kA samaya ityAdi ke bAre meM kahIM bhI koI bhI sandarbha nahIM mila pAyA hai / 7 'nyAya' aura 'paribhASA' zabdoM kI vyAkhyAe~ 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke kartA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'paribhASA' zabda ke sthAna para 'nyAya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| jabaki anya vyAkaraNa paramparA meM paribhASA' zabda kA prayoga hai| yadyapi pahale batAyA hai usI taraha paribhASA svarUpa yahI niyama meM se kucha pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM prApta hai kintu usake lie pANini ne svayaM paribhASA zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai kintu vArtikakAra kAtyAyana ne 'paribhASA' zabda kA prayoga aNuditsavarNasya cApratyayaH (pA. sU. 1/1 / 69 ) sUtra ke cauthe vArtika meM kiyA hai tathA anyatra bhI 'paribhASA' zabda unake dvArA prayukta hai| to 'paribhASenduzekhara' ke kartA nAgeza, jo paribhASA ke kSetra meM pANinIya paramparA meM sarvamAnya hai, unhoMne paribhASA kI vyAkhyA hI nahIM dI hai tathApi sabhI vaiyAkaraNa 'paribhASA' zabda ko 'pari' upasarga se yukta 'bhAS' dhAtu se niSpanna mAnate haiM 130 " haradatta, 'unakI 'padamaJjarI' TIkA meM paribhASA kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki "paritaH sarvatra pUrvatra paratra vyavahite cAnantare ca bhASyate kAryamanayA sA paribhASA "3" to vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDe kahate haiM "parito vyApUtAM bhASAM paribhASAM pracakSate / " bahuta se vaiyAkaraNoM ne paribhASA kI isI vyAkhyA kA svIkAra kiyA hai| dUsarI ora kucheka vaiyAkaraNa "aniyame niyamakAriNI paribhASA" aisI vyAkhyA karate haiM, jabaki jayadeva aura unake anuyAyI jo tArkika haiM, ve navyanyAya kI zailI se paribhASA kI vyAkhyA karate hai, jo isa prakAra hai- "lakSyadharmikasAdhutvaprakArakAprAmANyajJAnAnAskanditabodhopayogi bodhajanakatvaM paribhASAtvam" 1132 paribhASA kA mahattva batAte hue mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali kahate haiM ki "paribhASA punarekadezasthA satI sarva zAstramabhijvalayati pradIpavat" arthAt paribhASA vyAkaraNazAstra meM kevala eka hI jagaha batAyI ho tathApi usakA saMpUrNa vyAkaraNazAstra meM kahIM bhI upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai arthAt sarvatra isakI pravRtti niHsaMdeha ho sakatI hai HT 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM zrImahaMsagaNi ne 'nyAya' zabda kI vyAkhyA aura siddhi batAte hue kahA hai ki "iha tu nIyate sandigdho'rtho nirNayamebhiriti 'nyAyAvAyAdhyAyodyAvasaMhArAvahArAdhAradArajAram' 5 / 3 / 134 ityanena ghaJi 30. The word Paribhasa is strickly used as a technical term in Vyakarana, Nagesa has not defined the term. The word Paribhasa is derived from the root 'bhas' with the prefix 'pari' by all grammarians and commentators. [Introduction of Paribhasendusekhara by Prof K. V. Abhyankara. pp.3] Sce : Introduction of Paribhasasamgraha by Prof KV Abhyankara pp. 4] 32. See Introduction of Paribhasendusekhara by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp. 3] 33. draSTavya : mahAbhASya : sUtra : 'subAmantrite parAGyavat svare' [pA. sU. 2/1/1] The Paribhasa rule casts a glance at all the rules just as the light of the moon and goes whereever it is needed for the clarification of the sense of the sutras. ( Introduction of Paribhasasargrala by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara ) yahA~ zrIabhyaMkarajI ne light of the moon likhA hai kintu mUla meM 'pradIpavat' zabda hone se light of a lanup honA cAhie /

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[23] nipAtanAnnyAyAH sveSTasAdhanAnuguNA yuktaya ucyante / "34 arthAt jinake dvArA sandigdha artha kA nizcaya/nirNaya kiyA jAya, ve 'nyAya' kahe jAte haiM aura 'nI' (NIMga prApaNe ) dhAtu se 'nyAyAvAyA'- 5/3/134 sUtra se 'ghaJ' pratyaya karake nipAtana se 'nyAya' zabda kI siddhi kI jAtI hai| isakA sAmAnya artha yahI hai ki apane iSTa sAdhyoM kI siddhi meM jo sAdhana svarUpa hai aisI yuktiyoM ko hI 'nyAya' kahe jAte haiN| aisI anvarthaka vyutpatti se sarvanyAya sUtroM kA eka sarva sAdhAraNa/sarvasAmAnya prayojana sandigdha artha kA nirNaya hI batAyA gayA hai| AcArya zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'nyAyasamuccaya' kI unakI taraGga' TIkA meM isI vyAkhyA kA svIkAra to kiyA hai tathApi unakI mAnyatAnusAra 'nyAya' kA yahI lakSaNa saMjJAsUtra aura anya adhikArasUtra va vidhisUtra meM prApta hai kyoMki ve bhI sandigdhArtha ke nirNaya meM sahAyaka hai, ataH isa ativyApti ko dUra karane ke lie unhoMne navyanyAya kI zailI se usakA isa prakAra pariSkAra kiyA hai "vidhizAstra pravRttinivRttyupayogisAdhutvAprakArakazaktyaviSayaka bodhajanakatve sati adhikArazAstrabhinnatvaM nyAyatvamiti / '35 Age calakara unhoMne isI vyAkhyA ke pratyeka vizeSaNa kA mahattva bhI batAyA hai| pANinIya paramparA meM bhI paribhASA ke artha meM 'nyAya' zabda prayukta hai| ataH 'paribhASA' aura 'nyAya' donoM samAna hI hai| yahA~ 'nyAya' zabda kI jo vyAkhyA batAyI hai, vaha kevala vyutpattinimittaka hI hai arthAt yahA~ 'nyAya' zabda kevala rUDha paribhASA ke artha meM hI prayukta hai, ata: saMjJAsUtra, vidhisUtra va adhikArasUtra kA usameM samAveza nahIM hotA hai| 8. paribhASA/nyAya kI AvazyakatA prAcIna kAla meM, vartamAna yuga kI taraha pustaka likhanA va likhavAnA sarala kArya na thA kintu bahuta muzkila kArya thA kyoMki prAcIna kAla meM kAgaja hI na the / usI kAla meM jyAdAtara loga bhojapatra yA tADapatra para graMtha likhavAte the / prAcIna kAla meM ora eka paramparA yaha thI ki adhyayana ke daurAna vidyArthI ziSya svayaM sampUrNa graMtha kaMThastha kara letA thA / Aja bhI jaina zramaNa paramparA meM mUlasUtra, Agama ityAdi kaMThastha karane kI paramparA vidyamAna hai / itanA hI nahIM vyAkaraNazAstra ke adhyayana ke sAtha jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI, vyAkaraNa ke mUlasUtra, vRtti, udAharaNa, bRhadvRtti ityAdi sampUrNa graMtha kaMThastha karate the aura kaMThastha karate haiM / isI kAraNa se vyAkaraNa kI racanA meM eka viziSTa paddhati apanAyI jAtI hai, jise sUtrAtmaka paddhati kahI jAtI hai / aisI paddhati kevala bhAratIya paramparA meM hI vidyamAna thI / yahI paddhati kI vilakSaNatA yaha hai ki usameM kama se kama zabdoM meM jyAdA se jyAdA artha kI samajha pAyI jAtI hai / ata: vyAkaraNa ke sUtra meM pahale batAyA usI prakAra atisaMkSiptatA atyAvazyaka thI, usake bAvajuda aniSTa artha paidA na ho, isakA bhI khyAla rakhanA jarUrI hone se sUtroM ke spaSTa artha karane ke lie yA sandigdha artha kI nivRtti ke lie paribhASA sUtroM kI AvazyakatA khaDI huI / nyAyasaMgraha va anya paribhASAsaMgraha ke sUtroM kA mukhyatayA tIna prakAra kA kArya hotA hai / 1. vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM ke artha karane meM yA spaSTa samajha dene meM ve sahAyaka hote haiM / udA. 'svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA' // 1 // , 34. draSTavyaH 'nyAyasaMgraha' nyAyArthamaJjUSAbRhadvRtti pR. 2.. 35. draSTavyaH 'nyAyasaMgraha'-taraGga TIkA, pR. 3 36. varadezvarayajvAnaM, nIlakaNThena yajvanA / namaskRtya satAM prItyai, zabdanyAyo vivicyate // (nIlakaMThadIkSitaviracitA paribhASAvRtti, 'paribhASAsaMgraha' pR. 293)

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[24] 'niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya' // 32 // ityAdi / 2. jaba eka hI sthAna do bhinna bhinna sUtroM kI eka sAtha pravRtti honevAlI ho arthAt donoM sUtra ke bIca yadi spardhA ho to, donoM sUtra meM se kisakI pahale pravRtti ho, usakA nirNaya karane meM ye paribhASA sUtra sahAyaka hai / udA. 'balavannityamanityAt' // 41 // 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt // 42 // ityAdi / 3. kucha paribhASAe~ aisI hai jo zabdoM kI siddhi meM sahAyaka hai arthAt asAdhu aniSTa zabdoM kI siddhi ko rokakara iSTa/sAdhu zabdoM kI siddhi karane meM sahAyaka hai / udA. 'nAmagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi grahaNam' // 16 // 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge // 20 // ityAdi / 9. paribhASAoM-nyAyoM kA sUtrakrama paribhASAsaMgraha meM saMgRhIta pANinIya paramparA kI vibhinna paribhASA vRttiyA~ aura paribhASApATha va sAtha sAtha anya paramparA ke paribhASApATha yA vRttiyA~ dekhane se patA calatA hai ki paribhASAsUtroM kA krama niyata nahIM hai / samaya kI paripATI ke anusAra sarvaprathama-paribhASAoM kA saMgraha aura una para vRtti vyADi ne hI likhI hai, unhoMne paribhASAoM kA jo krama diyA hai vahI krama zAyada unake bAda anya paramparA ke paribhASAsaMgrahakAra zAkaTAyana aura cAndra ne bhI rakhA hai| to eka hI paramparA meM prApta vibhinna paribhASAvRtiyA~ yA paribhASApATha meM eka samAna krama nahIM hai| udA. durgasiMhakRta kAtaMtraparibhASAsUtravRtti aura bhAvamizrakRta kAtaMtraparibhASAvRtti meM yadyapi anukrama se paiMsaTha (65) paribhASAe~ tathA (bAsaTha)62 paribhASAe~ hone para bhI bhinna bhinna krama dikhAI paDatA hai, itanA hI nahIM api tu bahuta sI paribhASAe~ bhI bhinna bhinna hai| pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkara dvArA saMpAdita 'paribhASAsaMgraha' meM kula milAkara unnIsa paribhASAvRttiyA~ hai| unameM zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAlApa, jainendra, bhoja aura haima paramparA ke kevala eka hI paribhASApATha yA paribhASAvRtti upalabdha hai, jabaki kAtaMtra paramparA kI do paribhASAvRttiyA~ aura eka paribhASApATha prAza hai, to pANinIya paramparA meM saba se adhika daza paribhASAvRttiyA~ yA paribhASApATha prApta hai| una sabhI paribhASAvRttiyoM meM paribhASAsUtroM kA krama aura saMkhyA eka samAna nahIM hai / isakA kAraNa 'paribhASA' zabda kI vyAkhyA kA anayatya ho sakatA hai kyoMki pUrvakAlIna paribhASAvRttikAra dvArA saMgrahIta paribhASAsUtravRtti meM se kucheka paribhASAsUtroM ko pazcAtkAlIna paribhASAvRttikAroM ne mAnya nahIM kiye haiM / arthAt usakA khaMDana kiyA hai| pANinIya paramparA ke pUrvakAlIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne paribhASAoM ke krama ke lie zAyada aSTAdhyAyI meM nirdiSTa sUtra krama ko apanI najara ke sAmane rakhA hogA, to anya kisane vArtikoM ko apane sAmane rakhA hogA, vaise anya kisIne mahAbhASya ko apane sAmane rakhA hogA / ata eva paribhASA ke krama meM antara mAlUma paDatA hai|| sIradevakRta bRhatparibhASAvRtti meM pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI kI bhAMti ATa adhyAya aura usake bhinna bhinna padoM ke nAma nirdeza ke sAtha paribhASAe~ batAyI gaI haiN| ata aisA anumAna ho sakatA hai ki unhoM ne aSTAdhyAyI ke krama kA hI, paribhASAoM ke krama meM anusaraNa kiyA hai aura anta meM unhoMne aSTAdhyAyI ke bhinna bhinna pAdoM ko choDakara sarvasAmAnya paribhASAoM kA bhI saMgraha kiyA hai aura use 'nyAyamUlA: paribhASAH' kahI hai / aisI paribhASAoM kI saMkhyA 32 hai| isI bahatparibhASAvatti kI zrImAnazarmanirmita TippaNI meM bhI yahI krama unhoMne rakhA hai| 37. draSTavya : 'paribhASAsaMgraha' : pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkara, pR. 161 se 256 38. draSTavya : 'paribhASAsaMgraha', : pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkara, pR. 256 se 272 paribhASA 100 se 131 39. draSTavya : 'paribhASAsaMgraha', : pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkara, pR. 273 se 292.

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[25] siddhaheMma kI paramparA meM sirpha do hI paribhASAvRttiyA~ hai / 1. 'nyAyasaMgraha' zrIhemahaMsagaNikRta bRhadvRtti aura nyAsa / 2. 'nyAyasamuccaya' zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kRta 'nyAyArthasindhu' va 'taraGga' nAmaka do ttiikaaeN| 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM jo krama paribhASA / nyAyoM kA hai usameM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne koI parivartana nahIM kiyA hai / 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke prathama vakSaskAra nirdiSTa sattAvana paribhASAoM ke krama meM parivartana karane kI / hone kI saMbhAvanA hI na thI kyoMki isakA krama sUtrakAra AcAryazrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne svayaM nizcita kiyA hai aura sUtrakAra kI pravRtti ke prati prazna paidA karanA ucita nahIM mAnA gayA hai| zeSa do vakSaskAra / khaNDa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne sUtrakAra AcAryazrI kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai, ataH unake dvArA dI gaI paribhASAoM ke krama ko sabhI ne mAnya kiyA hai / prathama vakSaskAra ke prathama 'svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA' // 1 // nyAya se lekara ' bhAvini bhUtavadupacAraH ' // 1 // nyAya taka kula milAkara nava sUtra iSTa rUpoM / zabdoM kI siddhi meM sahAyaka hai / 'yathAsaGkhyamanudezaH samAnAm' // 10 // se lekara 'sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tadvighAtasya // 19 // paribhASA / nyAya pUrNasUtra kI viziSTa samajha dene meM sahAyaka hai, to 'gauNamukhyayormukhye kAryasampratyayaH ' // 22 // se lekara 'ekAnubandhagrahaNe na dvyanubandhakasya' // 33 // paribhASAe~ vyAkaraNa ke sUtra meM nirdiSTa zabdoM se kauna se zabda yA dhAtu kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, usake nirNaya meM sahAyaka hai| jabaki 'nAnubandhakRtAnyasArUpyAnekasvaratvAnekavarNatvAni' // 34 // paribhASA niSedha kI sUcanA detI hai, to 'samAsAntAgamasaMjJAjJApakagaNananirdiSTAnyanityAni // 35 // paribhASA una zabdoM se nirdiSTa kArya ke anityatva ko batAtI hai / 'pUrve'pavAdA anantarAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn // 36 // se lekara 'yena nAprApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasyaiva bAdhakaH // 40 // paribhASAe~ bAdhyabAdhakabhAva kA nirUpaNa karatI hai / 'balavannityamanityAt ' // 41 // se lekara ' apavAdAtkvacidutsargo'pi // 56 // paribhASAoM ko balAbalokti nyAya kahate haiM / saba ke anta meM uparyukta sabhI nyAyoM kI aura vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kI aniSTa pravRtti ko rokanevAlA 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH' // 57 // nyAya hai | yahA~ eka vizeSa bAta dhyAna dene yogya yaha hai ki anya paribhASAsaMgrahakAroM ne aura vizeSataH pANinIya paramparA meM kucheka vaiyAkaraNoM ne 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' // 20 // aura 'na svarAnantarye' // 21 // paribhASAoM ko balAbalokti paribhASA kI kakSA meM rakhI hai, 40 jabaki kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne una donoM paribhASA oM ko balAbalokti nyAyoM se pRthak kara dI hai aura vahI samucita hai kyoMki balAbalokti nyAyoM se jo sUtra balavAn banatA hai usakI pravRtti hotI hai, nirbala kI nahIM / jabaki 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' // 20 // nyAya se aisA balavattva nahIM hotA hai / yadyapi pANinIya paramparA ke vaiyAkaraNa isI paribhASAko antaraGgakArya ke balavattva kI bodhaka mAnate haiM tathApi yahA~ bahiraGgakArya hone ke bAda prApta naI paristhiti meM yadi koI antaraGgakArya prApta ho to, usI samaya bahiraGgakArya asadvat yA asiddha arthAt huA hI nahIM hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai / pariNAmataH antaraGgakArya hotA hI nahIM hai aura bahiraGgakArya hone ke bAda jo paristhiti paidA huI hai vaha kAyama rahatI hai| isa prakAra ina donoM paribhASAoM meM parokSataH bahiraGgakArya ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai / ataH use balAbalokti nyAyoM se pRthak kiyA vaha ucita hI I pANinIya paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya meM hI 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai tathApi yahI mAnyatA pANinIya paramparA ke puruSottamadeva, sIradeva, nIlakaMTha aura haribhAskara ko mAnya nahIM hai aisA lagatA hai kyoMki unhoMne 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya ko 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya se 40. draSTavya : 'pANinIya saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra paramparAno itihAsa' pR. 105 (le. jayadevabhAI mo. zukla)

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[26] pRthak batAyA hai arthAt isI viSaya meM siddhahema kI paramparA ko svIkRti dI hai/mAnya kI hai / siddhahema kI yahI mAnyatA kA mUla zAkaTAyana paramparA ke paribhASAsaMgraha meM prApta hotA hai kyoMki vahA~ bhI unhoMne ina donoM nyAyoM ko pRthak pRthak batAyeM haiN| isakI vizeSa carcA maiMne 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantarar3e // 20 // nyAya ke vivecana meM kI isa prakAra prathama khaNDa meM prastuta nyAyoM kA krama bahuta hI vyavasthita va vicArapUrvaka rakhA gayA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne siddhahemabRhadvRtti, zabdamahArNavA bRhan ) nyAsa, laghunyAsa ityAdi meM prApta paiMsaTha nyAya diye haiM / zuru kI ATha paribhASAe~ vyAkaraNa ke sUtra meM nirdiSTa zabdoM se kinakA grahaNa karanA cAhie usakI spaSTatA karatI haiN| ve isa prakAra hai-: prakRtigrahaNe svArthikapratyayAntAnAmapi grahaNam // 1 // , pratyayApratyayoH pratyayasyaiva // 2 // , adAdhanadAyoranadAdereva // 3 // , prAkaraNikAprAkaraNikayoH prAkaraNikasyaiva // 4 // niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyena // 5 // , sAhacaryAtsadazasyaiva // 6 // , varNagrahaNe jAtigrahaNam // 7 // , varNaikadezo'pi varNagrahaNena gahyate // 8 // yadyapi pratyeka nyAya svataMtra hai tathApi kucheka meM paraspara saMbandha bhI hai| udA. (1) varNagrahaNe jAtigrahaNama // 7 // , (2) varNaikadezo'pi varNagrahaNena gRhyate // 8 // (1) RkArApadiSTa kAryaM lakArasyApi // 14 // (2) sakArApadiSTaM kAryaM tadAdezasya zakArasyApi // 15 // ye donoM paribhASAe~ samAna svarUpavAlI hai tathApi viSaya bhinna bhinna hai| isake samAna svarUpavAlI kinta niSedhAtmaka paribhASA 'hasvadIrghApadiSTaM kAryaM na plutasya // 16 // isake sAtha rakhI hai| tanmadhyapatitastadgrahaNena gRhyate // 9 // AgamA yadguNIbhUtAstadgrahaNena gRhyate // 10 // svAGgamavyavadhAyi // 11 // upasargo na vyavadhAyI // 12 // yena nAvyavadhAnaM tena vyavahite'pi syAt // 13 // paribhASAe~ prAyaH prathama khaNDa meM nirdiSTa 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat // 7 // paribhASA se kiJcit samAnasvarUpavAlI hai| prathama khaNDa meM tadantavidhiviSayaka eka bhI nyAya nahIM hai, jabaki dvitIya khaNDa meM saMjJottarapadAdhikAre pratyayagrahaNe pratyayamAtrasyaiva grahaNaM, na tadantasya // 17 // , grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH // 18 // , aninasman grahaNAnyarthavatA'narthakena ca tadantavidhi prayojayanti // 19 // ye tIna nyAya tadantavidhi ke bAre meM haiM / ise choDakara anya eka bhI nyAya tadantavidhi viSayaka nahIM hai| vastutaH ye tInoM nyAya siddhahema ke sAtaveM adhyAya ke caturtha pAda ke 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASAsUtra se paidA honevAlI AzaMkAoM kI spaSTatA karane ke lie hI hai / aisI vizeSatA 'gAmAdA' dhAtuoM ke sambandha meM nahIM hai, aisA 'gAmAdAgrahaNeSvavizeSaH' // 20 // nyAya meM batAyA hai| ___'zrutAnumitayoH zrauto vidhirbalIyAn' // 21 // nyAya se lekara 'saMjJA na saMjJAntarabAdhikA' // 27 // taka ke nyAya viziSTa prakAra ke bAdhya-bAdhakoM kI spaSTatA karate haiM / yadyapi prathama khaNDa meM 'puurve'pvaadaa....'||36|| ityAdi pAMca nyAyoM meM sAmAnyarUpa se bAdhya-bAdhakoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai kintu usameM mukhyarUpa se sUtroM kA bAdhyabAdhakabhAva batAyA hai jabaki yahA~ viziSTa vidhiyoM ke bAdhya-bAdhakabhAva kA nirUpaNa hai| 'sApekSamasamartham ||28||'prdhaansy tu sApekSatve'pi samAsaH ||29||"tddhitiiyo bhAvapratyayaH sApekSAdapi' // 30 // 'gatikArakaGasyuktAnAM vibhaktyantAnAmeva kRdantairvibhaktyutpatteH prAgeva samAsaH' // 31 // 'samAsataddhitAnAM vRttirvikalpena vRttiviSaye ca nityaivApavAdavRttiH' ||32||'aadshbhyH saGkhyA saGkhyeye vartate na saGkhyAne' // 33 // ekazabdasyAsaGkhyAtvaM kracit // 34 // nyAya taddhitavRtti aura samAsavRtti ke viSaya meM viziSTa samajha dete haiM / 'Nau yatkRtaM tatsarvaM sthAnivad bhavati' // 35 // aura 'dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati' // 36 // nyAya prakIrNaka haiN| usake bAda 'Atmanepadamanityam' // 37 // se lekara 'nAmnAM vyutpattiravyavasthitA' // 45 // nyAya taka vividhaprakAra ke kAryoM kI anityatA batAyI hai / yadyapi unameM paraspara koI sambandha nahIM hai tathApi una saba meM kevala anaiyatya hI samAna hone se, use eka sAtha rakhe gaye haiN|

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[27] "uNAdayo'vyutpannAni nAmAni' // 46 // , 'zuddhadhAtUnAmakRtrima rUpam' ||47||'kvibntaa dhAtutvaM nojjhanti zabdatvaM ca pratipadyante' // 48 // nyAya zabda aura dhAtuoM ke svarUpa kA bodha karAte haiM / jabaki 'ubhayasthAnaniSpanno'nyatavyapadezabhAk' // 49 // nyAya se lekara yAvatsaMbhavastAvadvidhiH' / 56 // nyAya prakIrNaka haiN| Age Aye hae 'saMbhave vyabhicAre ca vizeSaNamarthavat ||57||'srvN vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam' / / 58 // , 'parArthe prayujyamAnaH zabdo vatamantareNApi vadarthaM gamayati' // 59 // , 'dvau nau prakRtamarthaM gamayataH // 60 // , 'cakAro yasmAtparastatsajAtIyameva samuccinoti' ||1||'caanukRssttN nAnuvartate' ||12||'caanukRsstten na yathAsaGkhyam' // 63 // vyAkhyAto vizeSArthapratipattiH' // 64 // nyAya, sUtra ke artha kA nirNaya/nizcaya karane meM sahAyaka haiM aura antima nyAya, sUtra meM adhyAhAra kriyApada/ AkhyAta kI pUrti karatA hai| isa prakAra dvitIya khaMDa ke nyAyoM kA pravibhAga ho sakatA hai| isameM anya kisI apekSA se parivartana bhI ho sakatA hai| ye sabhI nyAya usake udAharaNa, jJApaka, anityatA aura anityatA ke jJApaka ityAdi se yukta haiN| jabaki tIsare khaNDa meM nirdiSTa aThAraha nyAya kevala vizeSa vacana svarUpa hI haiM aura avyApaka hone se jJApaka ityAdi se rahita batAye gaye haiM / ye sabhI nyAya prakIrNaka haiN| ___'yadupAdhervibhASA tadupAdheH pratiSedhaH' // 1 // se lekara 'sAmAnyA'tideze vizeSasya nAtideza:' // 5 // taka satrArtha meM spaSTatA karanevAle nyAya haiN| sarvatrA'pi vizeSeNa sAmAnya bAdhyate na ta sAmAnyena vizeSaH // 6 // 'Dittvena kittvaM bAdhyate' // 7 // aura 'parAdantaraGga balIyaH' // 8 // nyAya balAbalokti nyAya yA bAdhyabAdhaka kI spaSTatA karanevAle nyAya hai| vaise 'vidhiniyamayovidhireva jyAyAn' // 10 // nyAya eka hI sUtra ke saMbhavita do prakAra kI vyAkhyA meM se vidhi arthayakta vyAkhyA kA balavattva batAtA hai| dhyAkaraNa ke sUtra meM nirdiSTa vidhi yA niSedha kisa kA hotA hai usakI spaSTatA karanevAlA nyAya 'anantarasyaiva vidhiniSedho vA' // 11 // hai, to sarvasAmAnya sUtra kI pravRtti sarvatra hotI hai, aisA nirdeza 'parjanyavalakSaNapravRttiH' // 12 // nyAya se hotA hai| vibhaktirahita nAma/prAtipadika kA prayoga bhASA meM kabhI nahIM hotA hai, aisA na kevalA prakRtiH prayoktavyA' // 13 // nyAya se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra agale sabhI nyAya bhinna bhinna viSaya ke haiM / ataH ina sabhI nyAyoM ko prakIrNaka nyAya sadRza vizeSavacana kahe gaye haiN| caturtha khaNDa meM kevala eka hI nyAya hai kintu bahuta mahattvapUrNa nyAya haiN| yaha nyAya saMpUrNa vyAkaraNazAstra ke zeSa aMza kA puraka hai| vaise vyAkaraNazAstra ke prAraMbhika adhyetAoM ke lie isa nyAya kA hai kintu anusandhAna kArya karanevAloM ke lie isa nyAya meM bahuta sI sAmagrI/mAhitI saMgRhIta hai| siddhahema vyAkaraNa va anya paramparA ke dhAtupATha meM jahA~ jahA~ antara hai, una saba kA nirdeza isa nyAya aura isake nyAsa meM kiyA gayA hai / bahuta se dhAtuoM kI vibhinna paramparAoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'kathaN' dhAtu ko akArAnta hI mAnA gayA hai, ataH adyatanI meM 'acakathat', acakathatAm, acakathan' ityAdi rUpa hI ho sakate haiM / acIkathat' ityAdi rUpa kisI bhI prakAra se siddha nahIM ho sakate haiM kintu prAcIna AgamazAstroM kI vRtti ityAdi meM 'acIkathat' ityAdi rUpa 41. * draSTavyaH 'nyAyasaMgraha' pR. 124. 'naDaN avasyandane ityasya sthAne NaDaN iti nandI prAha / * draSTavyaH 'nyAyasaMgraha pR. 129 'ata eva candragomI nAma vaiyAkaraNazcurAdigaNasyAparimitatayA paramArthato yathAlakSyamanusaraNamavagamya dvivAneva dhAtUn paThitavAn na bhUyasa iti / * draSTavya : 'nyAyasaMgraha' pR. 131 api caivaM prakArANAM dhAtUnAmato lukaM bAdhitvA'nupAntyasyAta utpalamatIyena 'ato Niti' iti sUtreNa vRddhau 'atirIblI-' 4/2/21 iti pvAgame sphuTApayati, tucchApayati, skandhApayatItyapISyate praiH| ___

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[28] hI prApta hotA hai / aise prayogoM kI siddhi isI nyAya kI sahAyatA se ho sakatI hai / isI nyAya meM batAye gae 'cukSa zauce' dhAtu kA prayoga kalpasUtra kI vRtti/TIkA meM pAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi mUla sUtra meM ardhamAgadhI/prAkRta meM 'cokkhA' pATha milatA hai, ataH aisA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ardhamAgadhI-prAkRta ke anukaraNa svarUpa yaha dhAtu hai / 10. 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI nyAyArthamaJjUSAbRhadvRtti kA nyAsa zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne svayaM 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI 'nyAyArthamaJjUSAnAmaka bRhadvRtti ke viziSTa padoM kI samajha dene ke lie/spaSTatA karane ke lie yA pAThakoM kI aura se paidA honevAle saMbhavita praznoM ke nirAkaraNa/uttara ke lie yahI nyAsa kI racanA kI hai| nyAsa ke zurumeM hI unhoM ne 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' ke prathama aura dvitIya zlokoM kI samajha dI hai| prathama zloka meM unhoMne zrIsiddhacakra bhagavaMta kI stuti kI hai, sAtha sAtha usI zloka meM hI garbhita rUpa se apane parama upakAraka gurubhagavaMta zrIsomasundarasUrijI kI bhI stuti kI hai, isakA spaSTa nirdeza unhoM ne svayaM nyAsa meM kiyA hai| to dvitIya zloka meM, cAroM caraNa meM 'nyAya' zabda vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta hai, isakA bhI artha unhoMne nyAsa meM batAyA hai / vaise to isa nyAya meM kevala zaMkA auraisake samAdhAna svarUpazAstrArtha hI hai, ata: isameM se bahuta kucha Avazyaka zaMkA-samAdhAna usI usI nyAyoM ke hindI vivecana meM de diyA hai| ataH yahA~ usakI punarAvRtti karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isI nyAsa meM kula milAkara cha: sthAno para prAcIna nyAya vRtti kA saMdarbha pAyA jAtA hai, usa meM se tIna sthAnoM kA sandarbha pahale diyA hai| zeSa tIna sandarbha isa prakAra hai| 1. Adyantavadekasmin 'nyAya kI vyAkhyA ke bAre meM yahI sandarbha hai|6 2. ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya ke 'vikRta' pada kA kyA artha liyA jAya? vikArApanna yA vaisadRzya ? isake bAre meM yahA~ prAcIna nyAyavRtti ke vikArApanna artha kI carcA kI gaI hai|13. 'bhAvini bhUtavadupacAraH' nyAya kA jJApaka 'ekapade' zabda hai yA kevala 'pade' zabda hai, isakI carcA karate hue unhoMne prAcIna nyAyavRtti meM prApta 'ekapade' jJApaka kI spaSTatA kI hai 48 isa nyAsa meM kucheka aitihAsika sandarbha bhI prApta hote haiN| 1. nAsikanagara meM zrIcandrabhasvAmi kI pratimA kI pratiSThA/sthApanA, pAMDavo kI mAtA kuMtA ne, yudhiSThira ke janma ke bAda kI thI, aise arthavAlA zloka 'nyAsa' meM diyA hai| 42. draSTavya : 'nyAyasaMgraha' pR. 125. katha vAkyaprabandhe, Nigi, bAhulakAt Nici vA 'bhUridAkSiNyasaMpannaM yattvaM sAntvamacIkathaH / ' kathaNa curAdyantasya tvacakatha iti syAt // 37 / / tatazca lepasikthAdyapanayane cokSau (kalpasUtra, paMcamakSaNa, sUtra 105, pR. 245) 44. zrIsiddhacakrayantrasthApanAyAzca vRttAkAratvAt somopamA / zrIsomasundara iti ca svgurunaamkiirtnm| (nyAyasaMgraha, nyAsa. pR. 157) 45. atrAdye pAde nyAya zabdo rAjanItivAcI, dvitIye agarhitavANijyAdivyApAravAcI, tRtIye tArkikapratItAnumAnAdi pramANavAcI, turye vaiyAkaraNaprasiddhanyAyavAcI samuditasarvaprakAranyAyavAcI vaa| (nyAyasaMgraha, nyAsa, pR. 157) prAktanyAM nyAyavRttAvAdyantavadekasminniti nyAyasya vyAkhyaivamasti / (nyAyasaMgraha, nyAsa, pR. 161) 47. nanu vikRtazabdasya vikArApannamiti vyAkhyA prAktanyAM nyAyavRttAvasti, saiva yuSmAkamapyatra kartuM yuktA tatkathaM vaisadRzyenetyUce? (nyAyasaMgraha, nyAsa, pR. 162) prAktanyAM nyAyavRtau tu 'ekapade' iti jJApakam' iti yaduktamasti tat 'raSuvarNAt'-2/3/63 iti sUtre 'ekapade' iti samAsaM dRSTvaiveti sambhAvyate / (nyAyasaMgraha, nyAsa, pR. 163) 49. pANDavamAtrA kuntyA, saJjAte zrIyudhiSThire putre / / zrIcandraprabhadevaH pratiSThito jayati nAsikye // 1 // (nyAyasaMgraha, nyAsa, pR. 166) 46. 48.

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[29] 2. kAkalakAyastha, jisane kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ke jIvanakAla meM hI zrIsiddhahemacandra zabdAnuzAsana kI saMkSipta laghuvRtti zuru ke adhyetAoM ke lie banAyI thI aura zAyada zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke samaya meM bhI vaha paDhAyI jAtI hogI aisA anumAna, isI nyAsa meM prApta zabdoM se ho sakatA hai| 'sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam' nyAya ke nyAsa meM, zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne sarvatra vartamAnA' kA prayoga kiyA hai tathApi unake dvArA svayaM laghuvRtti meM prayukta 'saptamI' (vidhyartha )ko anucita na mAnanA cAhie / 50 antima nyAya ke nyAsa meM unhoMne pUrvakAlIna vibhinna vyAkaraNa paramparAe~ yA vaiyAkaraNoM ke nAma nirdeza kiyA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-devanandI (nandI) sabhyAH, cAndra (candragomina ), kauzika, dramila, cAraka / ina sabhI paramparAgata vibhinna dhAtupATha kA gahana AloDana karake jahA~ jahA~ antara pAyA, una saba kA saMgraha isa nyAya meM kiyA hai| 11. paribhASA-nyAya ke srotoM -: svopajJasiddhahemabRhavRtti, siddhahemabRhannyAsa (zabdamahArNavanyAsa) aura laghunyAsa, paribhASA/nyAyoM ke mukhya srota haiN| yadyapi bRhatryAsa mUlataH 84000 zloka pramANa thA kintu vartamAna meM kevala 25000 zloka pramANa hI prApta hotA hai| ise choDakara anyatra yaha nyAsa khaMDita hai| use saMpUrNa karane kA mahattvapUrNa prayAsa paramapUjya tapAgacchAdhipati zAsanasamrAT AcArya zrIvijayanemisUrIzvarajI mahArAja ke paTTadhara AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasarijI ne kiyA hai| mUlanyAsa se pataMjali ke mahAbhASya kI tulanA ho sakatI hai| jaise pANinIya paramparA meM mahAbhASya ke vacana ko saba pramANita karate haiM, vaise siddhahema kI paramparA meM zabdamahArNava( bRhan )nyAsa ko saba pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / zabdazAstra - vyAkaraNazAstra ke viziSTa siddhAMtoM kI carcA isameM pAyI jAtI hai / usI zAstrIya carcA ke daurAna nyAyoM-paribhASAoM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| 1. siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM prApta nyAyoM ke kucheka nirdeza isa prakAra hai| "ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya 'jarAyA jarasvA' 2/1/3 aura 'A rAyo vyaJjane' 2/1/5 sUtra meM prApta hai| yadyapi 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI bRhadvatti meM 'jarAyA jarasvA' 2/1/3 sUtra kA nirdeza to hai hI, tathApi 'A rAyo vyaJjane' 2/1/5 sUtra meM bhI isa nyAya kA nirdeza hai| siddhahemabahatti meM prAyaH nyAyoM kA nirdeza va nyAyoM kI pravRtti hI batAyI gaI hai| koI vizeSa zAstrIya carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| lokAt' 1/1/3 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'parAnnityam, nityAdantaraGgam, antaraGgAccAnavakAzam' nyAya prApta hai / aise 'morvA' 2/1/9 sUtra meM 'sakRdagate spardhe yadbAdhitaM tadbAdhitameva' tathA 'vibarthaM prakRtirevAha' nyAyoM kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai| sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne bRhavRtti ke anta meM diye hue 57 nyAyoM meM 'lubantaraGgebhyaH' // 47 // nyAya bhI hai| yahI nyAya tvamau pratyayottarapade caikasmin' 2/1/11 sUtra kI bRhavRtti meM 'bahiraGgA'pi lup antaraGgAn vidhIna bAdhate / ' ke rUpa meM batAyA hai / yahA~ sUtra meM nirdiSTa pratyayottarapade' ko isI nyAya kA jJApaka batAyA hai| 'tanmadhyapatitastagrahaNena gRhyate' nyAya kA nirdeza usake jJApaka svarUpa 'tvamahaM sinA prAk cAkaH' 2/1/ 12 sUtra meM kiyA hai / 'etadazca vyaJjane'nag nasamAse' 1/3/46 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'tanmadhyapatitastadgrahaNena gRhyate / ' nyAya kA upayoga aura usakI carcA kI gaI hai| yahA~ 'anak' zabda ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA jA 50. na ca kAkalakAyasthakRtalakSaNalaghuvRttisthaH saptamyantakriyAprayogo'nucita iti vAcyam / (nyAyasaMgraha, nyAsa, pR. 187)

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[30] sakatA hai, kintu 'tvamahaM sinA prAk cAkaH'2/1/12 sUtra meM prAk cAkaH' zabda ko isa nyAya kA mAnA gayA hai, ataH 'etadazca-1/3/46 sUtra meM 'anaka' zabda rakhane kA kAraNa batAte hue AcAryazrI ne kahA hai - 'eSaka: karoti, sako yAti' 'tanmadhyapatitastadgrahaNena gRhyate' iti sAko'pi prAptiriti pratiSedhaH / isa prakAra siddhahemabRhavRtti meM sUtrakAra-vRttikAra AcArya zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne svayaM bhinna bhinna nyAyoM kI pravRtti kA nirdeza kiyA hai| siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM hI kucheka nyAyoM kI carcA nimnokta rUpa se hai - prasyaiSaiSyoDhoDhyUhe svareNa 1/2/ 14 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'yasmin prApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasya bAdhako bhavati / ' nyAya prApta hai, jabaki 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM 'yena nAprApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasyaiva bAdhako bhavati' svarUpa meM hai| isI nyAya se prastuta 1/2/14 sUtra kevala 'upasargasyA'niNedhedoti' 1/2/19 kA hI bAdha karatA hai kintu 'omAGi 1/2/18 sUtra kA bAdha nahIM karatA hai| isI sUtra meM hI 'preSate, preSyate, proDhavAn' ityAdi prayoga kI siddhi karane ke lie 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAya kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 'svare vA'nakSe'1/2/29 sUtra kI bRhadvatti meM batAyA gayA hai ki 'he citragavudakamityatra tu lAkSaNikatvAda go zabdasya na bhavati / ' arthAt 'he citragu udakam' prayoga meM 'citragu' zabdasthita 'gu', 'go' zabda sambandhita hai kintu gauNa aura lAkSaNika hone se usake 'u' kA 'ava' Adeza nahIM hogA / 'vA'tyasandhiH' 1/2/31 aura 'odantaH' 1/2/37 sUtra kI bahavRtti meM bhI aisA batAyA gayA hai| aise sthAnoM para nyAya ke eka hI aMza dvArA saMpUrNa nyAya ko sUcita kiyA gayA hai| 'svaira-svairyakSauhiNyAm' 1/2/15 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'svairiNI' zabda kI siddhi karate hue AcAryazrI ne kahA hai ki sUtra meM kevala 'svairin' zabda kA hI grahaNa hai tathApi 'nAmagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi grahaNam' nyAya se 'svairiNI' zabda kA bhI isI sUtra meM samAveza ho jaayegaa| Upara batAyA ThIka usI prakAra se hI zabdamahArNavanyAsa arthAt bahanyAsa meM bhI vibhinna nyAyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai kintu nyAsa meM vizeSa rUpa se usI usI nyAyoM kI prApti yA niSedha yA jJApakatva kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| 2. zabdamahArNava( bRhan )nyAsa meM prApta kucheka nyAyoM kI carcA -: 'lokAt' 1/1/3 sUtra ke zabdamahArNavA bRhat )nyAsa meM batAyA gayA hai ki vanAni' prayoga meM 'zaso'tA'1/4/49 kA bAdha karake 'napuMsakasya ziH' 1/4/55 para hone se 'jas' kA 'zi' Adeza hI hogA / parakArya se bhI nityakArya balavAna hone se 'syona' prayoga meM parakArya svarUpa guNa kA bAdha karake nitya 'UTa' hI hogA, yahA~ 'siv' dhAtu se 'pyA-dhA-panyani'- (uNAdi-258) se 'na' pratyaya hone para 'siva + na - si + U + na - sy + U + na - sy + o + na = syona' hogA / 'jJAyA odano jJaudanastamicchati' artha meM 'kyan' hokara usase 'san' pratyaya karane para 'jJA odana ya sa' hogA / yahA~ 'dvitva' nitya hai, tathApi 'autva' antaraGga hone se 'nityAdantaraGgam' nyAya se 'autva' prathama hogA aura 'jujJaudanIyiSati' rUpa siddha hogA / 'gArgIyA:' prayoga kI siddhi meM 'antaraGgAccAnavakAzam' nyAya kI pravRtti batAyI gaI hai| gargasyApatyAni teSAmime chAtrAH', yahA~ 'dorIyaH' 6/3/32 se honevAle 'iya' ke viSaya meM 'gargAderyaJ'6/1/42 se 'garga yaJ' hogA, to 'bahuSvastriyAm' 6/1/124 se yA 'yaJiJaH'6/1/126 se 'ya' ke lup kI prApti hogI, tabhI 'na prAga jitIye svare'6/1/135 anavakAza ho jAyegA, ata: 'yajiJaH'6/1/126 kA bAdha karake 'na prAga jitIye svare' 6/1/135 kI hI pravRtti hogI /

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[31] 'ekadvitrimAtrA hasvadIrghaplutAH' 1/1/5 sUtra ke bRhannyAsa meM 'svarasya husvadIrghaplutAH' nyAya ke bAre meM batAyA hai ki 'e, ai, o, au' ke sthAna meM husvAdeza hone para 'i, u' karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, aise hI 'sandhyakSarANAmidutau husvAdezAH' nyAya kI kalpanA karanI hotI / anya vaiyAkaraNa kAlApa Adi ne sandhyakSaroM kI dIrgha saMjJA bhI nahIM kI hai yA to 'a, A, i, I' ityAdi meM anukrama se hrasva-dIrgha saMjJA hotI hai, vaise 'e, ai, o, au' kI bhI anukrama se hasva-dIrgha saMjJA hone kI AzaMkA se hI 'sandhyakSarANAmidutau hasvAdezA:' nyAya kahane kI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai| 'nayuktaM tatsadRze' nyAya sambandhita 'paryudAsa naJ' ke bAre meM carcA karate hue 'adhAtuvibhakti' 1/1/27 sUtra ke bRhannyAsa meM batAyA hai ki 'adhAtu' arthAt dhAtu se bhinna kahane para vip pratyayAnta 'chid, bhid' ityAdi ko nAma saMjJA kaise hogI? kyoMki 'vibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti zabdatvaM ca pratipadyante' nyAya se usameM dhAtutva rahatA hI hai| usakA pratyuttara dete hue sUtrakAra AcAryazrI kahate haiM ki 'adhAtu' meM paryudAsa naJ hai aura paryudAsa naJ meM vidhi aura pratiSedha meM se vidhi hI balavAn hai, ataH 'adhAtu' kahane se dhAtu se bhinna kintu dhAtu sadRza vibanta kA grahaNa hogA aura pratiSedha kI pravRtti nahIM hone se nAmatva kI siddhi hogii| 'zighuTa' 1/1/28 sUtra ke bRhannyAsa meM 'ap zite' prayoga ke lie batAyA hai ki yahA~ 'apa' ke bAda meM Aye hue 'zi' ko 'ghuTa' saMjJA nahIM hogI aura 'apaH' 1/4/55 se dIrgha bhI nahIM hogA, kyoMki 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAya se arthavAn 'zi' pratyaya kA hI grahaNa hogA / kucheka loga 'zi' pratyaya ko arthavAn nahIM mAnate haiM kyoMki yaha vibhakti kA Adeza hI hai, unake anusAra 'pratyayApratyayayoH pratyayasyaiva grahaNam' nyAya se 'zi' pratyaya kA hI grahaNa hogaa| 'kAdirvyaJjanam' 1/1/11 sUtra ke bRhanyAsa meM 'saMbhave vyabhicAre ca vizeSaNamarthavat' nyAya kA spaSTarUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi 'liGgamaziSyaM lokAzrayatvAt' nyAya kA 'yaralavA antasthAH' 1/1/15 sUtra ke bRhatryAsa meM spaSTatayA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai tathApi 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM usakA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki isa nyAya kA upayoga liGgAnuzAsana meM sarvasAmAnyarUpa se kiyA gayA hai kyoMki zabdoM ke liGga kI vyavasthA usameM batAyI gaI hai| jabaki zabdAnuzAsana arthAt vyAkaraNazAstra meM kevala zabdoM kI vyutpatti arthAt siddhi hI batAyI gaI hai| bRhanyAsa meM tathA bRhadvRtti meM bhI kahIM kahIM saMpUrNa nyAya kA ullekha na karake sirpha usake eka aMza dvArA hI saMpUrNa nyAya kI sUcanA dI jAtI hai| 'adhAtuvibhaktivAkyamarthavannAma' 1/1/27 sUtra ke bRhanyAsa meM 'chid, bhid' Adi ko 'nAma' saMjJA hone kA kAraNa batAte hue 'na (naite) nibantA dhAtutvaM jahAti' zabdoM dvArA 'kvibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti, zabdatvaM ca pratipadyante' nyAya ko sUcita kiyA hai| isI 'adhAtavibhakti'-1/1/27 satra ke bahannyAsa meM Age calakara 'na kevalA prakRtiH prayoktavyA, na kevalaH pratyayaH' nyAya bhI batAyA hai| jo 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke tRtIya khaNDa meM saMgRhIta hai / 'aprayogIt' 1/1/37 sUtra ke bahaLyAsa meM pANinIya paramparA nirdiSTa 'anekAntA anubandhAH' nyAya hai aura isake sAtha anya eka nyAya kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai - 'na hyupAdherupAdhirbhavati, vizeSaNasya vA vizeSaNam' isa nyAya kA nirdeza anya kisI bhI paramparA meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki 'upAdhi' arthAt vizeSaNa, isakA dUsarA vizeSaNa kadApi nahIM ho sakatA hai / udA. 'zukla: paTaH' / yahA~ 'zukalaH' vizeSaNa hai aura paTaH' vizeSya hai isameM 'zukla:' vizeSaNa kA dUsarA vizeSaNa nahIM hotA hai yA rarakhanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki aisA karane se vizeSaNoM kI ananta paramparA khaDI hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| hAM, kadAcit upamAna svarUpa vizeSaNa lAyA jA sakatA hai kintu vaha vAstava meM vizeSaNa hI nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vaha prAya: dravya svarUpa hI hotA hai / udA. 'kSIra iva zuklaH paTa:' /

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[32] 'manayavalapare he' 1/3/15 sUtra ke bRhannyAsa meM 'kiM mahyati, kiM nAti, kiM yAhi, kiM lihyate' udAharaNoM meM anusvAra aura anunAsika na hone kA kAraNa batAte hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM - 'yena nAvyavadhAnamAzrIyate tena vyavahite'pi' nyAya dvArA 'kiM malayati' ityAdi prayoga meM prastuta sUtra caritArtha hone se yahA~ 'kiM mahyati' ityAdi prayoga meM anusvAra aura anunAsika nahIM hotA hai| 'khyAgi'- 1/3/54 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM batAyA hai ki 'kaH khyAtaH, namaH khyAtre' pUrveNaiva siddhe niyamArthamidaM, tena jihvAmUlIyo na bhavati / bRhavRtti ke ina zabdoM ko spaSTa karate hue AcAryazrI ne bRhannyAsa meM spaSTatayA 'siddhe satyArambho niyamAya' nyAya batAyA hai|| isa prakAra bRhadvatti va bRhannyAsa meM bahuta se nyAyoM ke nirdeza va usakI carcA prApta hotI hai, ThIka usI taraha laghunyAsa meM bhI nyAyoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to siddhahema kI paramparA meM siddhahemabRhadvRtti, zabdamahArNava( bRhannyAsa va laghunyAsa meM sabhI nyAyoM ke ullekha pAye jAte haiM, itanA hI nahIM kahIM kahIM pANinIya ityAdi anya paramparA meM nirdiSTa, kintu zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA spaSTatayA jisakA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hai, vaise nyAya bhI pAye jAte hai| pa.pU. zrutasthavira vidvadvarya munizrI jambuvijayajI mahArAja dvArA hAla hI meM sampAdita siddhahema (laghuvRtti) meM sUtroM meM bahuta se naye pATha diye gaye haiM, usameM se mukhya do pATha yahA~ batAnA Avazyaka hai / 1. 'pUrvasyA'sye svare yvoriyuk' 4// sUtra meM 'yvoH' ke sthAna para 'yoH' aura 2. tryantyasvarAdeH 7/3/43 sUtra meM 'vya' ke sthAna para 'tra' pATha hai / tathApi 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke hindI vivecana meM pUrva chapI huyI laghuvRtti, nyAyasaMgraha' ityAdi ke anusAra 'yvoH' aura 'tryantyasvarAdeH' pATha hI rakhA hai| 12. nityatva aura anityatva kI vyAkhyAe~ siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke prathama khaNDa ke 'balavannityamanityAt // 41 // nyAya kI vRtti meM 'nitya' aura 'anitya' kI vyAkhyA batAyI gaI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai - 'yad yasmin kRte'kRte'pi ca prApnoti tattadapekSayA nityam, yattu akRte prApnoti, na tu kRte, tadanityam / ' jo kArya anya kArya karane para yA na karane para bhI hotA hI hai, vaha kArya anya kArya kI apekSA se nitya kArya kahA jAtA hai aura jo kArya anya kArya na hone para hotA hai kintu anya kArya ho jAne ke bAda nahIM ho sakatA hai vahI kArya anitya kahA jAtA hai / siddhahema kI paramparA meM yahI eka hI vyAkhyA hai| pANinIya paramparA meM vibhinna vaiyAkaraNoM, paribhASAkAroM yA vRttikAroM ne 'nityatva' aura 'anityatva' kI vibhinna vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI hai, to kucheka paribhASAkAroM ne inhIM vyAkhyAoM ko hI paribhASA mAna lI hai| 'kRtAkRtaprasaGgi nityam' paribhASA svarUpa nityatva kI vyAkhyA kA svIkAra vyADikRta mAne gaye paribhASApATha (kra. naM. 117), cAndraparibhASApATha (kra. naM. 76), kAtaMtraparibhASApATha (kra. naM. 82), kAlApaparibhASA pATha (kra. naM. 53), jainendraparibhASAvRtti (kra. naM. 78), puruSottamadevaparibhASApATha (kra. naM. 43) ityAdi meM prApta hai| isI paribhASA svarUpa vyAkhyA kA hI siddhahema kI paramparA meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu svataMtra paribhASA ke rUpa meM isakA svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / Upara batAye gae nityatva se viruddha yA ise choDakara anya sabhI kArya ko anitya kahA jAtA hai| aise anitya kArya ko batAnevAlI/vyAkhyA svarUpa cha: paribhASAe~ paribhASenduzekhara meM nAgeza ne batAyI hai 2 ye cha: paribhASA svarUpa 'anityatva' kI vyAkhyAe~ bhI pUrvakAlIna vaiyAkaraNoM ke graMtho para 51. nityatva is defined as an invariable occurance of a rule or operation before as also after; another rule has been applied. (Introduction of Paribhasendusekhara by Prof. K. V. Abhyankar pp.10) 52. On the strength of his detailed study of the subject, Nagesu. in his Paribhasendusekhara has given six kinds of Ind in the Paribhasas 43, 44, 45, 47, 48 and 49 (Ibidem, pp. 10)

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[33] AdhArita hai| 'zabdAntarasya prApnuvan vidhiranityaH' (krama. naM. 43) paribhASA vyADi ne paribhASAsUcana meM (kra. naM. 77) tathA puruSottamadeva ne (paribhASApATha kraM. naM. 44) dI hai| yahI vyAkhyA thoDA sA parivartana karake agalI/dUsarI paribhASA ke rUpa meM isa prakAra batAyI hai - 'zabdAntarAt prApnuvan vidhiranityaH' (kra. naM. 44), to vyADi ne bhI yahI paribhASA dUsare svarUpa meM dI hai - 'lakSaNAntareNa prApnuvan vidhiranityaH' (kra. naM. 45) vaha paribhASAsUcana meM kra. naM. 78) prApta hai| anityatva kA svarUpa batAnevAlI dUsarI paribhASA 'svarabhinnasya prApnuvan vidhiranityaH' (kra. naM. 49) bhI mahAbhASya meM prApta hai|| mahAbhASya ke AdhAra para yahI paribhASA 'yasya ca lakSaNAntareNa nimittaM vihanyate tadapyanityam' (kra. naM. 48) anityatva kA svarUpa batAtI hai| jabaki 'yasya ca lakSaNAntareNa nimittaM vihanyate na tadanityam' (kra. naM. 47) paribhASA nityatva kA svarUpa batAtI hai| pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI ne isa paribhASA ko bhI anityatva kA svarUpa batAnevAlI kahI hai kintu vaha sahI nahIM hai kyoMki yahA~ spaSTarUpa se 'na tadanityam' zabdoM haiN| 'nityatva' kI dUsarI vyAkhyA aisI bhI batAyI gaI hai ki jisa sUtra kI pravRtti karanA Avazyaka hI ho arthAt jisa sUtra kI pravRtti meM prayoktA kI icchA kA koI avakAza hI na ho, vaha nitya kahA jAtA hai, jabaki jisa sUtra kI pravRtti prayoktA apanI icchAnusAra kara bhI sakatA hai yA nahIM bhI kara sakatA hai, aise sUtroM yA kAryoM ko anitya kahA jAtA hai| aise kAryoM prAya: sabhI vyAkaraNazAstra kI paramparA meM samAna hI hai| pANinIya paramparA meM paribhASenduzekhara meM aise anitya kAryoM kA nirdeza nimnokta paribhASA dvArA batAyA gayA hai| 1. saMjJApUrvakavidheranityatvam (93-1), 2. AgamazAstramanityam (93-2) 3. gaNakAryamanityam (93-3), 4. anudAttettvalakSaNamAtmanepadamanityam (93-4) 5. naJcaTitamanityam (93-5), 6. Atidezikamanityam (93-6) 7. samAsAntavidhiranityaH (84) 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM bhI aise nyAya isa prakAra hai -: 1. samAsAntAgamasaMjJAjJApakakaNananirdiSTAnyanityAni (1-35) 2. Atmanepadamanityam (2-37) 3. vipi vyaJjanakAryamanityam (2-38) 4. sthAnivadbhAvapuMdbhAvaikazeSadvandvaikatvadIrghatvAnyanityAni (2-39) 5. anityo NiccurAdInAm (2-40) 6. Nilopo'pyanityaH (2-41) yahA~ anityatva yA nityatva kI prathama vyAkhyA meM vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kI anityatA-nityatA batAyI gaI hai, jabaki dUsarI vyAkhyA meM Upara batAyA gayA usI prakAra se sUtra nirdiSTa kAryo kI nityatA yA anityatA batAyI gaI hai| 13. anubandhoM kA svarUpa sabhI vyAkaraNazAstroM meM dhAtu yA zabdoM aura unase honevAle vividha pratyayoM mUla pratyaya se atirikta varNa yA varNasamudAya se yukta hote haiM / aise pratyeka varNa yA varNasamudAya, jise anubandha kahA jAtA hai, usase nirdiSTa kArya vyAkaraNa ke vividha sUtra se hote haiN| paramapUjya tapAgacchAdhipati zAsanasamrAT AcArya zrIvijayanemisUrIzvarajI mahArAja ke paTTadhara mahAn vaiyAkaraNa AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrijI ne siddhahema vyAkaraNa meM nirdiSTa dhAtu, zabda va usase honevAle vibhinna pratyayoM ke anubandha tathA usase nirdiSTa vibhinna kArya arthAt anubandhoM kA phala batAnevAlI 10 kArikA banAyI hai aura unake ziSya munizrI dakSavijayajI (AcArya zrIdakSasUrijI) ne usakA gujarAtI bhASA meM vivecana kiyA hai sAtha eka koSTaka banAkara usameM 35 anubandhoM kA phala va dRSTAnta/udAharaNa bhI batAye haiN| 53. Sce: Aforementioned foot note. (Ibidem, pp.10) 54. draSTavyaH zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana-svopajJalaghuvRtti, pariziSTa naM-2, pR. 23 se 35.

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[34] dhAtuoM ke anubandha isa prakAra haiM, a- taka (tak ) hasane, A-hurchA ( hurcha) kauTilye, i-kaki (kak) laulye, I-bhajI (bhaj ) sevAyAM ityAdi prAya: 27 se adhika anubaMdha dhAtu se sambandhita hai| vaise dhAtu se honevAle pratyaya sambandhita kucheka anubandha isa prakAra hai / 1. v - tiv, tuv, div ityAdi, 2. k - kya, yak, kAna, kvasu, kta, ktavatu ityAdi, 3. kh -khaz, khukaJ, ityAdi, 4. 5 - ghaJ, gha ityAdi, 5. G-yaG, Ga, aG ityAdi, 6. J - ghaJ, jic ityAdi, 7. z - zava, Anaza, khaza, znA, znu, za ityAdi / aise bahuta se pratyaya sambandhita anubandha haiM, hAlA~ki A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijIkRta dhAtu aura pratyaya ke anubaMdha kA phala batAnevAlI kArikA aura usake gujarAtI vivecana meM pratyaya sambandhita sabhI anubandha nahIM batAye haiN| zabda meM bhI kahIM kahIM anubandha hai / udA. nAmadhAtu prakriyA meM 'citra' zabda meM anubandha hai tathA 'bhavatu' zabda meM u anubandha hai to zatR pratyayAnta 'kurvatR' zabda meM Ranubandha hai| zabda se honevAlI vibhakti ke pratyaya tathA chaDe va sAtaveM adhyAya meM nirdiSTa taddhita pratyaya zabda se hI hote haiM aura usameM vividha anubandha pAye jAte haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM - 1. zabda se honevAlI vibhakti ke pratyaya ke anubandha - i - si, ja-jas, z-zas, T - TA, G-De, Gasi, Das, Di, p-sup / zabda se honevAle taddhita pratyaya sambandhita vividha anubandha isa prakAra hai - 1. N - aNa, ikaNa, eyaNa, AyanaN, Na, gaira, eraNa, TyaNa, Nya, DvaNa, ityAdi / 2. J -naJ, snaJ, Ja, aJ, yaJ, iJ, Ayanya, AyanaJ, eyakaJ, inaJ, jya, AyaniJ, akaJ, ityAdi / 3. T - mayaTa, tayaT, DaT, thaTa, tamaT, maTa, tithaTa, ithaT, mAtraT, dvayasaTa, damaTa, TyaNa, ityAdi / 4. p - thyap, tamap, tarapa ityAdi / Upara batAye gae sabhI aura usase atirikta sabhI-dhAtu, zabda va pratyaya sambandhita anubandha usI usI dhAtu, zabda yA pratyaya ke avayava mAne jAte haiM yA nahIM, usakI carcA pANinIya paramparA kI 'anekAntA anubandhAH' (kra. 4) aura 'ekAntAH' (kra. naM. 5) paribhASAoM meM sAmAnyatayA vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura Age calakara 'nAnubandhakRtamanekAltvam' (kra. naM.6), 'nAnubandhakRtamanejantatvam' (kra. naM. 7) va 'nAnubandhakRtamasArUpyam' (kra. naM. 8) meM isake bAre meM vizeSarUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ye tIno paribhASAe~ sabase prAcIna vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana meM prApta hai| antima tInoM paribhASAe~ siddhahema kI paramparA meM kevala eka hI nyAya meM samAviSTa hai / - 'nAnubandhakRtAnyasArUpyAnekasvaratvAnekavarNatvAni' siddhahema kI paramparA meM sAmAnya rUpa se 'anekAntA anubandhAH' nyAya kA hI anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai kyoMki ve sabhI anubandha kevala upadeza avasthA meM hI dRzyamAna haiM kintu prayoga avasthA meM 'aprayogIt 1/1/37 sUtra se it saMjJA hokara adRzya ho jAte haiN| yadi ve prakRti yA pratyaya ke avayava hote to prayoga avasthA meM kucheka yA kisI na kisI prayoga meM dRzyamAna hone cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai, ata: una saba ko kucheka apavAda ko choDakara avayava nahIM mAne gaye haiN| isakI carcA 'aprayogIt' 1/ 1/37 sUtra ke bRhatryAsa meM prApta hai| pANinIya paramparA meM vyADi, cAndra, (candragomin), zAkaTAyana, kAtantra meM durgasiMha, kAlApa ityAdi ne anubandha kA svarUpa batAnevAle vAkya 'uccaritapradhvaMsino'nubandhAH' ko bhI paribhASA ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| 14. kAryi kA svarUpa aura nirNaya vyAkaraNazAstra ke bahuta se sUtroM meM mukhyatayA tIna vibhAga yA khaNDa hote haiM / eka vibhAga kAryi kahA jAtA hai / kAryi vahI kahA jAtA hai jisa para jisa meM kArya hotA hai| kAryi meM jo parivartana hotA hai, vaha kArya kahA jAtA hai, to jisake kAraNa yA jisake sAnidhya se yahI kArya hotA hai, use nimitta kahA jAtA hai| udA. 55. draSTavya : paribhASAsaMgraha - tAlikA - pR. 470, kra. naM. 94 "

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[35] 'ivarNAderasve svare yavaralam'1/2/21 sUtra meM ivarNAdi arthAt ivarNa, uvarNa, RvarNa aura lavarNa kAryi hai kyoMki una para kArya hotA hai arthAt usameM parivartana hotA hai / ya, va, ra, la svarUpa parivartana kArya kahA jAtA hai, kintu yahI kArya tabhI hI hotA hai jaba unase avyavahita para meM asva svara arthAt vijAtIya svara AyA ho arthAt asva svara usakA nimitta banatA hai| sUtra meM prAya: sAmAnyarUpa se kAryi, nimitta aura kArya, isI krama se batAyA jAtA hai -- udA. samAnAnAM tena dIrgha 1/2/1 yahA~ samAna svara kAryi hai, usake bAda 'tena' zabda se nirdiSTa dUsarA samAna svara nimitta hai aura dIrghavidhi kArya hai| kAtaMtra va kAlApa paramparA meM yahI bAta nyAya/paribhASA ke svarUpa meM batAyI hai| unameM kAryi kA nirNaya karane meM sahAyaka arthAt kAryi ke vibhinna svarUpa batAkara unameM se kauna se svarUpavAlA kAryi yahA~ lenA cAhie, usake nirNaya meM sahAyaka nyAya bahuta se haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM-1. svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA // 1 // susarvArdhadikzabdebhyo janapadasya // 2 // 3. RtorvRddhimadvidhAvavayavebhyaH // 3 // 4. svarasya isvadIrghaplutAH // 4 // , 5. Adyantavadekasmin // 5 // 6. prakRtivadanukaraNam // 6 // 7. ekadezavikRtamananyavat // 7 // 8. bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH // 8 // 9. bhAvini bhUtavadupacAraH // 9 // , 10. arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya // 14 // , 11. lakSaNapratipadoktayoH pratipadoktasyaiva grahaNam // 15 // , 12. nAmagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi grahaNam // 16 // , 13. prakRtigrahaNe yaGlubantasyApi grahaNam // 17 // , 14. gauNamukhyormukhya kAryasampratyayaH // 22 // , 15. kRtrimAkRtrimayoH kRtrime // 23 // 16. kvacidubhayagatiH // 24 // 17. prakRtigrahaNe svArthikapratyayAntAnAmapi grahaNam // 1 // 18. adAdyanadAdyoranadAdereva // 3 // , 19. RkArApadiSTaM kAryaM lakArasyApi // 14 // , 20. sakArApadiSTaM kAryaM tadAdezasya zakArasyApi // 15 // ityAdi / 15. nimitta kA svarUpa aura nirNaya nimitta ise kahA jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa yA sAMnidhya se kAryi meM kArya yA parivartana ho / sAmAnyatayA kAryi sUtra meM SaSThI vibhakti se nirdiSTa hotA hai / kahIM kahIM vaha prathamA vibhakti se bhI nirdiSTa hotA hai kintu vahA~ kAryi aura kArya kA abheda nirdeza hotA hai / jabaki nimitta paMcamI, saptamI yA tRtIyA vibhakti se nirdiSTa hotA hai| yadi kAryi se nimitta avyavahita pUrva meM ho to usakA nirdeza paJcamI vibhakti se hotA hai| udA. (ataH) 'bhisa ais' 1/4/2, yahA~ akAra se para Aye hue 'bhis' kA 'ais' Adeza hotA hai / usameM akAra nimitta hai, 'bhis' kAryi hai aura ais' kArya hai / yahA~ nimitta svarUpa akAra, kAryi 'bhis' se avyavahita pUrva meM hai, ataH vaha ataH' zabda dvArA paJcamI se nirdiSTa hai| jahA~ nimitta, kAryi se avyavahita para meM ho, vahA~ vahI nimitta saptamI se nirdiSTa hotA hai / udA. 'ivarNAderasve svare yavaralam' 1/2/21, yahA~ ivarNa, uvarNa, RvarNa lavarNa kAryi hai, asva svara nimitta hai aura 'yavarala' kArya hai| yahA~ nimitta svarUpa asva svara, kAryisvarUpa ivarNa ityAdi se avyavahita para meM haiM, ata: usakA saptamI se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| avyavahita pUrva meM Aye aura paJcamI se nirdiSTa tathA avyavahita para meM Aye hue aura saptamI se nirdiSTa nimitta zAyada vaisA hI rahatA hai| usameM usI sUtra se koI parivartana nahIM hotA hai kintu tIsare prakAra kA nimitta jo avyavahita para meM hotA hai aura tRtIyA vibhakti se nirdiSTa hotA hai, usakA pANinIya paramparA anusAra lopa hotA hai| jabaki siddhahema kI paramparA anusAra kAryi aura nimitta donoM milakara eka Adeza hotA hai / udA. 'avarNasyevarNAdinaidodarala' 1/2/6, yahA~ avarNa kAryi hai, usase avyavahita para meM Aye hae ivarNa, uvarNa, RvarNa, luvarNa tRtIyA vibhakti se nirdiSTa nimitta hai aura et, ot, ar, al kArya hai / yahA~ kAryi aura nimitta donoM .56. draSTavya : paribhASAsaMgraha - tAlikA - pR. 472, kra. naM. 135

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[36] ke sthAna para arthAt donoM milakara et, ot, ar, al Adeza rUpa kArya hotA hai| yahA~ 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM kucheka nyAya aise hai, jo nimitta ke svarUpa aura nirNaya meM sahAyaka hai| 1. arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya (1-14), 2. niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya (1-32), 3. ekAnubandhagrahaNe na dvayanubandhakasya (1-33), 4. pratyayApratyayA pratyayasyaiva (2-2), 5. prAkaraNikAprAkaraNikayoH prAkaraNikasyaiva (2-4), 6. niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyena (2-5), 7. sAhacaryAtsadRzasyaiva (2-6), 8. cakAro yasmAtparastatsajAtIyameva samuccinoti (2-61) ityAdi / Upara batAye hue ATha nyAyoM meM se 1. prAkaraNikAprAkaraNikayo: prAkaraNikasyaiva (2-4), 2. sAhacaryAtsadRzasyaiva (2-6) 3. cakAro yasmAtparastatsajAtIyameva samuccinoti (2-61) nyAya kAryi ke nirNaya meM bhI sahAyaka haiN| 16. balAbalokti nyAya jaba eka hI sthAna para do bhinna bhinna sUtra nirdiSTa do bhinna bhinna kArya hone kI prApti arthAt paristhiti paidA huI ho taba kauna se sUtra kI pravRtti ho ? yaha prazna khaDA hotA hai aura use spardhA kahI jAtI hai| spardhA' kI vyAkhyA karate hue 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke kartA 'sakRdgate sparddha yadbAdhitaM tadbAdhitameva' nyAya kI vRtti meM kahate haiM ki 'dvayorvidhyoranyatra sAvakAzayostulyabalayorekatropanipAtaH spardhaH' do samAnabalavAle sUtra, jisakI pravRtti kA anyatra pUrNa avakAza ho, aise sUtroM kI eka hI sthAna para prApti ho, use spardhA kahI jAtI hai| aisI spardhA ke samaya sAmAnyatayA jo sUtra para ho arthAt bAda meM AyA ho usakI pravRtti hotI hai aura vaha pANinIya paramparA meM 'vipratiSedhe paraM kAryam' (pA. sU. 1/4/2) se nirdiSTa hai, jabaki siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'sparddha' 7/4/119 sUtra se nirdiSTa hai| pANinIya paramparA meM aSTAdhyAyI meM AThaveM adhyAya ke arthAt saMpUrNa aSTAdhyAyI ke antima tIna pAdakhaNDoM meM, maharSi pANini ne aise hI sUtroM kA saMgraha kiyA hai, jo isase pUrva Aye hue sabhI sUtroM kI pravRtti ko. rokakara, inhIM sUtroM kI pravRtti karatA hai, kintu mahaSi pANini ke bAda kucha zatakoM ke bAda hue vArtikakA kAtyAyana ko pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI ke sUkSma nirIkSaNa se patA calA ki kucha niyama/sUtra jo pUrva meM Aye haiM, usakI pravRtti karanA Avazyaka hai| ataH unhoMne kucha naye vArtika, jo pUrva sUtroM kI balavattA ke bodhaka haiM, banAkara aSTAdhyAyI meM pUraka rUpa se dAkhila kara diye / to mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne usakA samAdhAna dUsare DhaMga se diyA hai / unhoMne batAyA ki jahA~ spardhA ho aura usI sthAna para yadi parasUtra nirdiSTa kArya karane se aniSTa prayoga yA rUpa siddha hotA ho aura pUrvasUtra nirdiSTa kArya karanA Avazyaka ho vahA~ 'para' zabda ko 'iSTatvavAci' lenA cAhie, aisA pANini ne svayaM kahA hai yA pANini ne svayaM kahe huye sUtra 'vipratiSedhe paraM kAryam' meM batAyA gayA hai| spaDhe 7/4/119 sUtra yA vipratiSedhe paraM kAryam (pA. 1/4/2) sUtra sAmAnya rUpa se balavattA kA bodhaka hai kintu usake vibhinna apavAda hai aura ve vibhinna nyAyoM se batAye gae haiM / 'parAnnityam' (1-52) nyAya parasUtra se nityasUtra ko balavAn batAtA hai, to 'balavannityamanityAt' (141) nyAya sAmAnyatayA nityasUtra ko anityasUtra se balavAn batAtA hai / isa prakAra nimnokta sabhI nyAya usameM nirdiSTa do prakAra ke kAryo meM se kauna balavAn hai, isakA nirdeza karate haiN| 57. The word 'para' in the rule 'vipratiSedhe paraM kAryam' could be taken to mean foremost in mind or 'desirable' (iSTa) and all such cases, where the application of the previous rule was found necessary, could explained by the rule 'vipratiSedhe paraM kAryam', stated by Panini himself. (Introduction of Paribhasendusekhara by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp.25)

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[37] antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt (1-42), niravakAzaM sAvakAzAt (1-43), vArNAtprAkRtam (1-44) yvad yvRdAzrayaM ca (1-45), upapadavibhakteH kArakavibhaktiH (1-46), lubantaraGgebhyaH (1-47) sarvebhyo lopaH (1-48), lopAtsvarAdezaH (1-49), AdezAdAgamaH (1-50), AgamAtsarvAdezaH (1-51), nityAdantaraGgam (1-53), antaraGgAccAnavakAzam (1-54), utsargAdapavAdaH (1-55) apavAdAtkvacidutsargo'pi (1-56), zrutAnumitayoH zrauto vidhibalIyAn (2-21) parAdantaraGga balIyaH (3-8) spardhA meM balavattva kA kAraNa mukhya rUpa se cAra batAye hue haiN| 1. paratva, 2. nityatva, 3. antaraGgatva, 4. apavAdatva / inhIM cAra kAraNoM ke AdhAra para vibhinna vyAkaraNa paramparA meM prAyaH kula milAkara 60 se adhika paribhASAe~ batAyI gaI haiM / usameM se puruSottamadeva ne apanI paribhASAvRtti meM 22 paribhASAe~ dI hai, to nAgeza ne usameM anya gyAraha paribhASAe~ milAkara kula 33 paribhASAe~ paribhASenduzekhara meM dI hai| kahIM kahIM 'spardhe' 7/4/119 'parAnnityam, nityAdantaraGgam, antaraGgAccAnavakAzam'ye cAroM nyAya eka sAtha eka hI nyAya meM batAye gae haiM, vaha isa prakAra hai - 'pUrvaparanityAntaraGgApavAdAnAmuttarottaraM balIyaH / '65 17. apavAdavidhi kA balavattva -: vyAkaraNazAstra meM nirdiSTa kucheka vidhiyA~ sAmAnya hotI haiM, jise utsargavidhi kahI jAtI hai, jabaki kucheka vidhiyA~ vizeSa hotI haiM, jise apavAdavidhi kahI jAtI hai| sAmAnyatayA sAmAnyavidhi se vizeSavidhi balavAn hotI hai ata: utsargavidhi se apavAdavidhi balavAn hI hotI hai, kintu apavAdavidhi saba se balavAn hotI hai aura vaha 'pUrvaparanityAntaraGgApavAdAnAmuttarottaraM balIyaH' aura usake samAnArthaka nyAyoM se siddha hI hai| sAmAnyatayA pahale utsarga yA sAmAnyavidhi batAyI jAtI hai, bAda meM apavAda yA vizeSavidhi batAyI jAtI hai, kinta vyAkaraNa ke satroM meM kabhI kabhI ye apavAdavidhiyA~, utsargavidhi se parva yA utsara bhI batAyI jAtI hai| aisI paristhiti meM vahI apavAdavidhi kisakA bAdha kareM? pUrvasUtra nirdiSTavidhi kA yA parasUtra nirdiSTavidhi kA ? yadi parasUtra nirdiSTavidhi kA bAdha karatI ho to usameM anantarokta vidhi kA bAdha kareM yA paramparokta vidhi arthAt anyavidhi se vyavahita vidhi kA bAdha kareM ? usakA nirNaya nimnokta do nyAyoM se hotA hai| 1. pUrve'pavAdA anantarAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn // 36 // utsargazAstra se pUrva meM kahe gaye apavAdazAstra , usake bAda turaMta Aye hue sUtra nirdiSTa utsargavidhi kA bAdha hotA hai, kintu paramparokta vidhi kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai| 2. madhye'pavAdAH pUrvAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn // 37 // utsargazAstra ke bIca meM kahe gaye apavAdazAstra he gaye, utsargazAstra kA bAdha hotA hai kintu bAda meM kahe jAnevAle utsargazAstra kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai| vaise utsargazAstra ke anta meM/bAda meM kahe gaye apavAdazAstra se prAyaH pUrvokta saMpUrNa utsargazAstra kA bAdha hotA hai| utsargazAstra bAdhya hai, to apavAdazAstra bAdhaka hai / to bAdhya kauna hotA hai yA ho sakatA hai ? yA nahIM 58. The different paribhasas or maxims, which are laid down by grammarions in connection with these four factors, number more than 60. out of which Purusottamdeva selected only 22 to which Nagesa has added 11 and has given 33 maxims, which form the second part of the Paribhasendusekhara (Introduction, Paribhasasamgraha by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara) draSTavya : paribhASAsaMgraha-tAlikA, pR. 480, kra. naM. 292, 296, 316 59.

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[38] ho sakatA hai ? tathA bAdhaka kauna hotA hai ? usakI spaSTa vyAkhyA nimnokta tIna nyAyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| yaM vidhi pratyupadezo'narthakaH sa vidhirbAdhyate' // 38 // isa nyAya meM bAdhya kauna ho sakatA hai, vaha batAyA hai to usake bAda Aye hue 'yasya tu vidhenimittamasti nAsau vidhirbAdhyate' // 39 // nyAya meM bAdhya kauna nahIM ho sakatA hai, vaha batAyA hai| Age calakara bAdhaka yA apavAda kauna hotA hai, vaha 'yena nAprApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasyaiva bAdhakaH' // 40 // nyAya meM batAyA hai aura yahI apavAdavidhi do prakAra kI hotI hai / 1. vizeSavidhi 2. niravakAzavidhi 6 ye donoM ApavAdazAstra hone para bhI donoM meM sUkSma antara hai| vizeSavidhi aura niravakAzavidhi kI samajha, pANinIya paramparA ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne anukrama se 'takrakauNDinyanyAya' aura 'mATharakauNDinyanyAya' dvArA dI hai| usameM yahI sUkSma antara spaSTatayA mAlUma paDatA hai| 'sarvebhyo brAhmaNebhyo dadhi dIyatAM, takraM kauNDinyAya / ' yahA~ koNDinya bhI brAhmaNa hone se 'sarvebhyo brAhmaNebhyo dadhi dIyatAM' se usako bhI dadhidAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu uparyukta vAkya ke zeSa aMza 'takraM kauNDinyAya' (kauNDinya ko takra denA) se kauNDinya ko dadhidAna kA niSedha ho jAtA hai kyoMki kauNDinya ko takra dene kA vizeSa rUpa se vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ dadhidAna kA saMbhava hone para vizeSavidhi svarUpa takradAna se niSedha jJApita hotA hai| jabaki 'mATharakauNDinya' nyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki - 'sarve brAhmaNA bhojyantAM, mATharakauNDinyau pariveviSAtAm' / yahA~ mAThara, kauNDinya donoM brAhmaNa haiM tathApi una donoM ko bhojana ke lie baiThe hue anya sabhI brAhmaNoM ko bhojana sAmagrI parosane ko kahA gayA, usase hI unako usI samaya bhojana karane kA niSedha ho jAtA hai| yahA~ bhojana kA aura parosane kA donoM kArya eka sAtha karanA mAThara-kauNDinya ke lie asaMbhava hai, arthAt bhojana parosane kA kArya karate samaya bhojana karane kA sarvathA asaMbhava hai, ata: vaha anavakAza vidhi hai / yadyapi siddhahema kI paramparA meM aisI carcA prApta nahIM hai, tathApi AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrijIkRta 'nyAyasamuccaya' kI 'taraGga' TIkA meM 'niravakAzaM sAvakAzAt' nyAya kI carcA karate hue uparyukta donoM nyAya (takrakauNDinya aura mATharakauNDinya) kA udAharaNa diyA hai| bAdhaka niravakAza svarUpa hone se vaha apavAda hai, ataH vaha sarvathA balavAn hotA hai| usakA nirNaya hone ke bAda bAdhya kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / kucheka apavAdasUtra aise haiM jo eka se adhika sAmAnyasUtroM yA utsargasUtroM kA bAdha karate haiM, aise sUtra dvArA kauna se sUtroM kA bAdha hotA hai, usakI vicAraNA ko bAdhyasAmAnyacintA' kahI gaI hai| jabaki kucheka apavAdasUtra aise haiM, jo bahuta se utsargasUtra meM se kisI eka kA hI bAdha karate haiN| ve kisa sUtra kA kaise bAdha karate haiM ? usakI vicAraNA ko 'bAdhyavizeSacintA' kahI gaI hai| vibhinna paribhASAsaMgrahakAroM ne yahI bAta 'sati saMbhave bAdhaH, asati saMbhave bAdhaH' aura 'asti ca saMbhavo tIna paribhASAoM dvArA batAyI hai| sati saMbhave bAdhaH' meM 'takrakauNDinyanyAya' garbhita hai to 'asati saMbhave bAdhaH' meM anavakAzatva nirdiSTa hai jabaki 'asti ca saMbhavo yadubhayaM syAt' meM sarvathA'navakAzatva hai hii| yahI 'apavAdazAstra' kA nirdeza saba se prAcIna mAne jAte prAtizAkhyoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai| usake bAre meM pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI ne batAyA hai ki "The ancient Pratisakhya works have discussed the relation of apavada and utsarga rules and stated that the utsarga or the general rules should always be interpreted along with the particular as stated in the line 'nyAyairyuktAnavavAdAn pratIyAt'62 60. The Paribhasa given by them is 'yena nAprApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasya bAdhako bhavati'. The apavidavidhi or the rule of exception hence, can be said to be of two kinds faguraft and frachtgfafti. (Introduction, Paribhasendusekhara by Prof. K. V. Abhyankar. Pp. 31) 61. 'nyAyasamuccaya'-taraGga TIkA-pR. 81. 62. Introduction of Paribhasendusekhara by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp.31

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[39] apavAdavidhi kA nirNaya karane meM dUsarI bhI eka paribhASA yatkiJcit sahAyatA karatI hai| vaha hai - 'anantarasya vidhirvA bhavati pratiSedho vA' (kra. naM. 61. pribhaassendushekhr)| siddhahema meM vaha 'anantarasyaiva vidhiniSedho vA' (3-11) svarUpa meM hai| apavAdavidhi kA spaSTIkaraNa karanevAlI anya paramparAgata paribhASAe~ isa prakAra hai - 1. prakalpya cApavAdaviSayaM tata utsargo'bhinivizate (kra. naM. 63, paribhASenduzekhara) 2. pUrvaM hyapavAdA abhinivizante pazcAdutsargAH (kra. naM. 62, paribhASenduzekhara) 3. upasaMjaniSyamANanimitto'pyapavAda upasaMjAtanimittamapyutsargaM bAdhata iti (kra. naM. 68, paribhASenduzekhara) 4. kvacidapavAdaviSaye'pyutsargo'bhinivizata iti (kra. naM. 58, paribhASenduzekhara) 5. apavAdo yadyanyatra caritArthastantaraGgeNa bAdhyate (kra. naM. 65, paribhASenduzekhara) 18. paribhASAoM kI pravRtti aura usakA niyantraNa / vyAkaraNazAstra ke sUtroM kI pravRtti iSTa prayogoM kI siddhi karane ke lie va aniSTa prayogoM kI siddhi rokane ke lie hI hotI hai, vaise paribhASA yA nyAyoM kI pravRtti bhI iSTa prayoga kI siddhi karane ke lie va aniSTa prayoga kI siddhi ko rokane ke lie hI kI jAtI hai| yadi kisI bhI nyAya kI pravRtti se aniSTa rUpoM kI siddhi hotI ho to usI nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / yahI bAta 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH // 57 // nyAya meM bhalIbhA~ti batAyI hai| yahI 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM nirdiSTa sabhI nyAya prAyaH anitya hai| nyAyoM kI aisI anityatA batAnA Avazyaka hI hai kyoMki yadi aisI anityatA na batAyI hotI to nyAyoM kI tathA usake anusAra sUtroM kI avazya pravRtti hone para aniSTa rUpoM kI siddhi hotI / ataH jahA~ para nyAya kI pravRtti se aniSTa rUpoM kI siddhi hone kI Apatti AtI ho vahA~ usI nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya karake yA 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH // 57 // yA 'nyAyA: sthavirayaSTiprAyAH' (3-18) nyAya ke anusAra usI nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM karanI caahie| kucheka nyAyoM kA svarUpa hI aisA hai, jo usakI pravRtti ko yAdRcchikatA pradAna karatA hai / ve nyAya isa prakAra hai - 1. vivakSAtaH kArakANi (1-11), 2. apekSAto'dhikAraH (1-12) 3. kvacidubhayagatiH (1-24), 4. yAvatsaMbhavastAvadvidhiH (2-56), 5. vyAkhyAto vizeSArthapratipattiH (2-64) 6. parjanyavallakSaNapravRttiH (312) 7. vicitrA zabdazaktayaH (3-16)8. kiM hi vacanAnna bhavati (3-17), 9. ziSTanAmaniSpattiprayogadhAtunAM sautratvAllakSyAnurodhAd vA siddhiH // (4-1) ye sabhI nyAya vyAkaraNa ke sUtra kI pravRtti ko yAdRcchikatA to pradAna karate hI hai, sAtha sAtha jahA~ jahA~ aniSTarUpoM kI Apatti AtI hai, vahA~ vahA~ vyAkaraNa ke satra va nyAya kI pravRtti ko rokate bhI haiN| - isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM antima jo nyAya hai vaha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki jina nAmoM kI niSpatti, jo prayoga aura dhAta ityAdi. isI vyAkaraNa ke satra se yA isI 'nyAyasaMgraha meM batAye gaye nya siddha na ho sakate ho, tathApi ve yadi kisI bhI vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM meM prayukta ho yA ziSTasAhitya meM prayukta ho, to use sautratva se yA lakSyAnusAra svayaM siddha mAnane cAhie / 19. vyAkaraNa kI vibhinna paramparAoM meM nirmita paribhASAvRttiyA~ yA paribhASApATha saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra ke viSaya meM vicAra karane para vibhinna vyAkaraNa paramparAe~ najara samakSa AtI hai| ve isa prakAra hai - pANini, zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAtaMtra, kAlApa, jainendra, bhoja, siddhahema, buddhisAgara, malayagirizabdAnuzAsana / unameM se zuru kI ATha vyAkaraNa paramparAoM kI paribhASAvRtti yA paribhASApATha vartamAna meM upalabdha hai| pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI dvArA saMpAdita 'paribhASAsaMgraha' nAmaka graMtha meM aisI vyAkaraNa paribhASAoM kI

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[40] unnIsa kRtiyA~ prakAzita kI gaI hai| usameM bAraha paribhASAvRttiyA~ hai, jabaki zeSa sAta kevala paribhASAoM kI sUcI svarUpa hI hai| vyADi ke 'paribhASAsUcana' ke bAda kAlAnukrama se AnevAle paribhASApATha meM zAkaTAyana aura cAndra paribhASAsUciyA~ AtI hai| usa para vRtti prApta nahIM hotI hai| cAndra paribhASApATha meM 86 paribhASAe~ hai usameM se bahuta sI paribhASAe~ kisI na kisI paramparA meM prApta hai hI, tathA cAndra vyAkaraNa kI mUla prati prApta na hone se usameM nirdiSTa paribhASAoM kI vizeSatA ke bAre meM vizeSa prakAza DAlanA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH isake bAre meM yahA~ koI carcA nahIM kI jaayegii| usake bAda kAtantra, kAlApa, jainendra, bhoja aura siddhahema paramparAoM kI paribhASAvRttiyA~ yA paribhASAsUciyA~ prApta hotI hai| usameM bhI kAtaMtra paramparA kI do paribhASAvRttiyA~ prApta hai / eka ke vRttikAra hai durgasiMha aura dUsarI ke vRttikAra hai bhAvamizra / yahI kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa paramparA kA udbhava pUrvabhArata/bAMglA meM IsA ke zuru ke zatakoM meM huA aura phailii| pUrvabhArata meM vizeSataH isI vyAkaraNa kA pracAra rahA thA / kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa ke nirmAtA rAjA zarvavarman aura kAtyAyana the / isI vyAkaraNa meM paribhASAvRttikAra zrIdurgasiMha ke kathanAnusAra kevala 450 sUtra hai, jisameM paribhASAsUtroM kA samAveza nahIM hotA hai| jabaki isakI chapI huI sabhI AvRttiyoM meM prAyaH 1400 sUtra haiN| kAtaMtra kI kucheka baMgAlI AvRttiyAM meM usI vyAkaraNa ke anta meM kucheka pariziSTa milAye gae haiN| vaise to ye pariziSTa zAyada sUtrakAra ne svayaM banAye ho aisA lagatA hai, jaise sUtrakAra apane vyAkaraNa sambandhita gaNapATha aura dhAtupATha kI racanA karate haiM / isameM pahale pariziSTa meM 67 paribhASAsUtra diye haiM, jabaki dUsare pariziSTa meM 29 balAbalasUtra diye haiM, jo vastutaH anya vyAkaraNa paramparA meM paribhASA ke rUpameM prasiddha hai / ye donoM pariziSTa Upara paribhASAvRttikAra durgasiMha ne svayaM koI vRtti nahIM likhI hai aura Do. ejIliGga ne apane dvArA sampAdita AvRtti meM inako pariziSTa ke rUpa meM prakAzita nahIM kiye haiN| ataH aisA anumAna ho sakatA hai ki ye pariziSTa bAda meM hue vRttikAroM kI racanA hai| ye donoM pariziSTa saMyukta rUpa se pro. ke. vI abhyaMkarajI ne kAtaMtra paribhASApATha se prakAzita kiye haiN| dUsarI, bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRtti, durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti ke bAda racI gayI hai / vRttikAra bhAvamizna ke bAre meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI prApta nahIM hai| yahI vRtti durgasiMhakRta vRtti ke samAna mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai aura isameM bahuta saMkSepa meM paribhASAoM ke artha batAye haiM kintu una paribhASAoM ke astitva ke koI sabUta batAye nahIM hai| kevala paribhASAoM kI pravRtti ke udAharaNa hI prastuta kiye haiN| usakA krama zAyada vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana se milatA-jhulatA hai| kAlApaparibhASAsUtrapATha, kAtaMtra ke bAda diyA hai| zAyada yahI vyAkaraNa bhI, pUrvabhArata meM pracalita hogaa| kAlApa paramparA ke bAre meM koI bhI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hai, ataH yahA~ kevala usake paribhASApATha kA hI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| vaise yahI paribhASApATha kI 118 paribhASA meM se bahuta sI paribhASAe~ sarvamAnya aura sarvasAmAnya hI hai tathApi kucha anya parampararA meM aprApta bhI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai - 1. anyakAryAt parA dviruktiH parokSAliGgAdiSu // 47 // 2. aprAptapUrvikA hi vibhASA taduddeza Adau // 79 // , 3. sthitAnAmanvAkhyAnaM hi vyAkaraNam // 113 // , 4. svagurUpalakSaNoktaM ca // 90 // isase atirikta eka paribhASA 'siddhe satyArabdho vidhiniyamAya vikalpAya jJApakAya vA' // 77 // sabase viziSTa hai / yadyapi sabhI paribhASAsaMgrahakAroM ne 'siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH' paribhASA dI hai, kinta yahA~ 'vikalpAya jJApakAya vA' zabda kAtaMtra paribhASApATha va kAlApaparibhASApATha ko choDakara anyatra kahIM nahIM hai| jainendra vyAkaraNa kI racanA pUjyapAda devanandi ne kI hai / jainendra vyAkaraNa ke bAre meM eka mAnyatA yaha pracalita hai ki jaba zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko bAlyAvasthA meM paDhAne ke lie pAThazAlA meM bheje gae taba indra mahArAja ne svayaM Akara, bAlaka vardhamAna ko vibhinna prazna pUche, jinake bAre meM svayaM paMDita ko bhI saMzaya thA

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[41] aura bAlaka vardhamAna ne, una sabhI praznoM ke uttara diye, jo Age calakara aindra vyAkaraNa se prasiddha huA kyoMki ve sabhI prazna indra dvArA pUche gaye the| kintu vahI aindra vyAkaraNa vartamAna meM kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai| kucheka anusandhAnakAra usI vyAkaraNa ko hI jainendra vyAkaraNa kahate haiM aura vartamAna meM prApta vyAkaraNa ko vahI vyAkaraNa kahate haiM, kintu vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki usameM siddhasena divAkarajI, samantabhadra, skandagupta dvArA hUNa logoM para prApta vijaya ke udAharaNa prApta haiN| ataH yahI jainendra vyAkaraNa kama se kama IsA kI pAMcavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM yA usake bAda hI racA gayA hai| yahI jainendra vyAkaraNa kI do vibhinna paramparAe~ haiM / abhayanandi dvArA likhI - gaI suprasiddha mahAvRtti meM 3000 sUtra haiN| jabaki IsA kI pandrahavIM sadI meM somadeva dvArA likhI gaI vRtti meM 3700 sUtra haiN| isI jainendra paramparA meM koI prAcIna paribhASAvRtti upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu mahAvRtti ke AdhAra para pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI ne eka paribhASAvRtti banAyI hai / isake bAre meM Age carcA kI jaayegii| ___ AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI se thoDe samaya hI pUrva hue dhArAnagarI (mAlavA ) ke rAjA bhoja dvArA eka saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA, jisakA nAma thA sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa / use bhoja vyAkaraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi isI vyAkaraNa meM rAjA bhoja ne pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI paddhati va saMjJA kA svIkAra kiyA hai, tathApi vidvAnoM meM eka mAnyatA yahI pracalita rahI hai ki AcArya zrIhemacandrasarijI ne isI vyAkaraNa kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| hAlA~ki siddhahema kI racanA karate samaya unake sAmane bahuta se vyAkaraNa maujUda the, usameM bhoja vyAkaraNa kA bhI sthAna thA hI, kintu unake anukaraNa meM bhI maulikatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| usI bhoja vyAkaraNa yA sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa ke prathama adhyAya ke dvitIya pAda meM sUtrakramAMka 1-2-18 se 1-2-135 taka paribhASA sUtra batAye gaye haiN| usameM se bahuta se siddhahema kI paramparA meM prApta haiM, to kucheka pANinIya paramparA meM hI prApta haiM kyoMki unhoMne pANinIya paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| 'paribhASAsaMgraha' meM 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke nyAyoM kI sUcI ke bAda, jo paribhASAvRttiyA~ yA paribhASApATha diye haiM, ve sabhI pANinIya paramparA ke hI haiM / usameM sarva prathama bArahavIM sadI meM puruSottamadeva dvArA banAyI huI laghuparibhASAvRtti AtI hai| zAyada vaha bihAra yA bAMgalA pradeza kA rahanevAlA hogA / kadAcit bauddha paramparA kA anuyAyI ho aisI saMbhAvanA asthAnApanna nahIM hai kyoMki apanI bhASAvRtti zuru karate samaya unhoMne buddha ko namaskAra kiyA hai| puruSottamadeva unake samaya ke jAne mAne vidvAna the, usameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai kyoMki unake, paribhASAvRtti ko choDakara jJApakasamuccaya, hArAvalI, trikANDazeSa, ekAkSarakoSa, prANapaNA ityAdi graMtha bhI prApta haiN| sIradeva, prAyaH puruSottamadeva ke bAda thoDe hI samaya meM hue aura ve bhI pUrvabhAratIya vyAkaraNa paramparA ke niSNAta the, aura zAyada bauddha sampradAya ko mAnanevAle the, aisA eka anumAna hai| unakI banAyI huI paribhASAvRtti pustrottama deva kI paribhASAvRtti kI apekSA bRhat hone se use bRhatparibhASAvRtti kahI gaI hai / yahI paribhASAvRtti sacamuca bRhat hI hai / usameM kula milAkara 130 paribhASAe~ hai / usake sAtha zrImAnazarmanirmita bRhatparibhASATippaNI bhI hai, jisakA aparanAma 'vijayA' hai| unakI paribhASAoM kA krama usake pUrvakAlIna vaiyAkaraNoM se sarvathA bhinna hai| usakI vRtti meM pAye jAte saMdarbho se patA calatA hai ki unhoMne mahAbhASya, kAzikAvRtti, anunyAsa, bhAgavRtti, taMtrapradIpa ityAdi prAcIna graMthoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA hogA / kAzikAvatti ke uddharaNa dete hae ve usake lekhaka kA nirdeza vRttikRt, vAmana, jayAditya aura kAzikAkAra zabdoM se karate haiN| to nyAsakAra kA nirdeza 'nyAsakRta, nyAsakAra' va 'jinendrabuddhi' zabdoM se karate haiM / vaise tantrapradIpa ke kartA kA nirdeza 'maitreya, rakSita' yA 'maitreyarakSita' se karate hai / sIradeva kI yahI bRhat paribhASAvRtti prAya: cAra se pAMca sadIyA~ taka akhila bhArata meM eka pramANabhUta 63. draSTavya : kalpasUtra, zrIvinayavijayajIkRta subodhikA TIkA, paMcamaH kSaNaH /

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[42] yA sarvamAnya graMtha ke rUpa meM paDhAyI jAtI thI / kintu aThArahavIM sadI ke ArambhakAla meM nirmita nAgeza ke paribhASendazekhara ne use pIche rakha diyA / nIlakaNTha dIkSita ke dUsare nAma nIlakaNTha bAjapeyI aura nIlakaNTha yajvan bhI thA / ve IsA kI sattarahavIM sadI ke pUrvArdha meM hue / bhaTTojI dIkSita ke vidyArthI aura tattvAbodhinI TIkA ke kartA jinendrasarasvatI usake gura the| unhoM ne paribhASAvRtti ke atirikta vyAkaraNa sambandhita bhASyatattvaviveka, vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntarahasya (siddhAnta kaumudI kI TIkA) aura pANinIya dIpikA graMtha likhe haiM / ina graMtho meM ve mahAbhASya va vArtikakAra ko hI anusare haiM / usakI racI huI paribhASAvRtti meM 140 paribhASAoM kI sarala vyAkhyA/vRtti prastuta kI hai| prAyaH unhoMne sIradeva kI paribhASAoM ke krama kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / unakI vRtti saMkSipta va mukhya mukhya bAtoM se yukta hai| haribhAskara agnihotrI, jo nIlakaNTha ke bAda thoDe hI samaya meM hue / inakA mUla nAma bhAskara hI thA kintu bAda meM ve haribhAskara nAma se prasiddha hue| ve mahArASTra ke nAsika jillA ke tryambakezvara ke vatanI the, kintu unakI paDhAI banArasa meM huI thI aura bAda meM vahIM hI rahe the / paribhASAbhAskara ke alAvA unake anya koI graMtha nahIM hai| paribhASAbhAskara meM unhoMne sIradeva kI paribhASAoM ke krama kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| sIradeva kI bRhatparibhASAvRtti meM jo bAteM kaThina pratIta hotI hai, use sarala banAnA hI unakA dhyeya thA, aisA lagatA hai aura isI dhyeya meM bahuta kucha maryAdA taka ve saphala bhI hue haiN| sIradeva kI bRhatparibhASA ke vidvadbhogya jo aMza hai vaha aura pUrvabhAratIya paramparA ke saMdarbho ko unhoMne choDa diye haiM / ve mahAbhASya ko pramANabhUta mAnakara cale haiN| unake grantha meM mammaTa, bopadeva, vidyAraNya aura anya pramANabhUta kaviyoM ke kAvya kI pI paribhASAvRtti para unake hI vidyArthI dvArA banAyI gaI choTI sI TIkA bhI hai kintu kisI bhI kAraNa se vyAkaraNa ke abhyAsa/adhyayana meM usakA koI sthAna nahIM rahA hai| IsA kI sattarahavIM sadI ke anta meM aura aThArahavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM nAgeza nAmaka buddhimAna aura vyAkaraNa ke zreSTha adhyetA hue, jinhoMne pANinIya paribhASAoM ke bAre meM eka vidvattApUrNa graMtha likhA jinakA nAma hai paribhASenduzekhara / jo Aja bhI pANinIya paribhASA kSetra meM advitIya sthAna para hai| paribhASAoM ke bAre meM unake mata yA vAkya ko pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI paramparAgata prAcIna adhyayana paddhati Aja bhI jahA~ vidyamAna hai, aisI zaikSaNika saMsthAoM meM Aja bhI paribhASenduzekhara paDhAyA jAtA hai| yahI graMtha vyAkaraNazAstra ke gahana adhyayana kA phala hai| usameM prApta prAcIna va madhyakAlIna graMthoM ke saMdarbho se patA calatA hai ki unhoMne ina graMthoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA hogaa| pUrvakAlIna granthakAroM ke nAma unhoMne kahIM nahIM diye haiN| sarvatra 'kecita, kazcit' yA 'prAcIna' zabda se una vaiyAkaraNoM kI mAnyatAoM ko batAyI haiN| paribhASAoM ke bAre meM pramANabhUta mAne jAte prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM kAzikAkAra, padamaJjarIvRttikAra, pradIpakAra kI mAnyatAoM kA unhoMne bahuta se sthAna para khaMDana kiyA hai| vyAkaraNa paribhASAoM ke bAre meM vidvajjagat meM paribhASenduzekhara ke zabda ko antima zabda mAnA jAtA hai| paribhASenduzekhara va nAgeza ke bAre meM adhika jAnakArI 'paribhASenduzekhara' kI pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI dvArA likhI gaI vivecanAtmaka prastAvanA meM prApta hai / ataH vahA~ se dekha lene ko vinati / AcArya zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne siddhahema paramparA meM 'nyAyasamuccaya' nAmaka graMtha kI 'taraGga' nAmaka TIkA meM paribhASenduzekhara' ke bahuta se saMdarbha diye haiM aura usakI vistRta vicAraNA bhI kI hai| usameM se kucha Avazyaka carcA ko yahI hindI vivecana meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / jijJAsuoM ko 'nyAyasamuccaya' kI 'taraGa' TIkA dekhane ko vinati / pANinIya paramparAgata paribhASA ke viSaya meM nAgeza ke bAda bhI zeSAdri nAmaka eka paMDita ne paribhASAvRtti likhI hai| yadyapi unhoMne nAgeza ke paribhASenduzekhara ke paribhASA krama ko hI liyA hai tathApi vaha paribhASenduzekhara

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[43] kI TIkA nahIM hai kintu paribhASA kA eka svataMtra graMtha hI hai kintu vartamAna meM adhyayana-adhyApana ke lie usakA koI mahattva nahIM hai / 20. vyADikRtaparibhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyana paribhASAe~ aura haimaparibhASAe~ zAkaTAyana nAmaka do vaiyAkaraNa ho cUke haiN| eka pANini se pUrva aura dUsare pANini ke bAda / pANinipUrvakAlIna zAkaTAyana jaina the yA nahIM, usakA koI uttara nahIM hai kyoMki unake dvArA praNIta koI bhI grantha hAla upalabdha nahIM hai / kevala pANinikRta aSTAdhyAyI meM usakA atra tatra kucha ullekha prApta hotA hai / jabaki pANinipazcAtkAlIna zAkaTAyana kA vyAkaraNa aura usa para amoghavRtti nAmaka TIkA prApta hotI hai| yahI zAkaTAyana jaina the, utanA hI nahIM, kintu ve yApanIya taMtra / saMpradAya ke AcArya the, jo vartamAnakAla meM lupta ho cukA hai| yadyapi unakA vyAkaraNa digambara sampradAya kI adhyayana paramparA meM mAnya hai aura una para kaI digambara vidvAnoM ne TIkAe~ bhI likhI hai, tathApi unake anya do graMtha kevalIbhukti prakaraNa aura strImuktiprakaraNa prApta hote haiM aura amoghavRtti ke kucha udAharaNa se pratIta hotA hai ki zvetAmbaramAnya AgamaparamparA unako mAnya thI / isase nizcita hotA hai ki vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana vastutaH digambara sampradAya ke the hI nhiiN| hAM, yApanIya sampradAya kI mUrtiyA~ nagna rahatI thI / aisI nagnamUrtiyA~ para ke yApanIya sampradAya ke AcArya ke nAmase yukta lekha se aisI bhrAnti avazya ho sakatI hai ki yahI sampradAya aura digambara sampradAya eka hI hoNge| vastutaH zAkaTAyana, unakA apanA nAma thA aura unake dvArA praNIta vyAkaraNazAstra kA bhI nAma hai| unakA apanA mUla nAma pAlyakIrti thA 165 zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI amoghavRtti svayaM sUtrakAra kI banAyI huI hai aura rASTrakUTanareza amoghavarSa ko lakSya karake usakA nAma amoghavRtti rakhA gayA hai kyoMki donoM samakAlIna hai aura saMbhavataH amoghavarSa ne usakI racanA meM kisI prakAra sahAyatA yA preraNA kI hogI, jaise kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ko siddhahema kI racanA meM gurjarezvara siddharAja jayasiMha ne kI thI / " jaise siddhama kI paramparA meM paribhASA ke sambandha meM svayaM sUtrakAra dvArA koI sAhitya kA nirmANa nahIM huA hai, vaise zAkaTAyana paramparA meM paribhASAsambandhita koI sAhitya kA nirmANa nahIM huA hai| yadyapi 'paribhASAsaMgraha' meM pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajIne zAkaTAyana paribhASA kI eka sUcI dI hai, tathApi yahI sUcI kisane banAyI hai, kisa grantha ke AdhAra para banAyI hai usakA koI spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hai| isake bAre meM pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI ne 'paribhASAsaMgraha' kI aMgrejI prastAvanA meM batAte haiM ki yahI 'zAkaTAyana paribhASAsUcI' inDiyA ophisa lAyabrerI se prApta do hastapratiyA~ ke AdhAra para dI gaI hai aura yaha sUcI saba se prAcIna mAlUma detI hai| isameM kula milAkara 98 paribhASAe~ haiM / bahuta sI paribhASAe~ vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana meM prApta hai, kevala 18 paribhASA isameM jyAdA hai| jabaki vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana kI 13 paribhASAoM ko isa sUcI meM sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| paribhASAoM kA krama zAyada samAna hI hai / Age calakara pro. abhyaMkarajI batAte haiM ki isI sUcI kA AdhAra vartamAna meM upalabdha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI abhayacandra aura yakSavarmA kI vRttiyA~ nahIM hai| isakA racanAkAla IsA kI navamI sadI mAnA jAtA hai " paM. nAthurAma premIne apane lekha 'zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana' meM yakSavarmAkRta 'cintAmaNi' nAmaka laghIyasI vRtti kA ullekha kiyA hai, sAtha sAtha abhayacandrakRta prakriyAsaMgraha' kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai M 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. : draSTavya: jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pU. 44 para (paM. nAthurAma premI) pR. 153. draSTavya jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR. 43 para (pa. nAthurAma premI) pR. 150 'paribhASAsaMgraha' Introduction by Prof. K. V. Abhyankar. pp. 16 'paribhASAsaMgraha' Introduction Prof. K. V. Abhyankara pp. 17 draSTavya jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR. 46 para paM. nAthurAma premI

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[44] pro. abhyaMkarajI kI mAnyatAnusAra isI paribhASA sUcI kA AdhAra prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana ke grantha haiM, jisakA mahAbhASya aura yAska ke nirukta meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usake sabUta meM unhoMne 'vipratiSedha, abhyAsavikAra, vAsarUpa' aura 'luka' ke sthAna para prayukta 'spardhe, dvirbhAva, sarUpa' aura 'zluka' zabdoM ko batAyA gayA hai aura ullekhanIya yaha hai ki vyADinirdiSTa akRtavyahA: pANinIyAH' paribhASA ko 'akRtavyUhAH zAkaTAyanIyAH meM badala dI hai| vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana kI do paribhASAe~ - 'yaM vidhi pratyupadezo'narthakaH sa vidhirbAdhyate' // 48 // aura 'yasya vidhenimittaM nAsau bAdhyate' // 49 // ko zAkaTAyana meM ekatra kara diyA hai| asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' paribhASA vyADi ke paribhASAsucana meM do bAra hai aura kucheka paribhASAoM meM thoDA sA parivartana kiyA gayA hai| zAkaTAyana kI paribhASAsUcI meM vyADi kI jina paribhASAoM ko choDa dI hai, ve isa prakAra hai 1. kRtrimAkRtrimayorubhayagatirbhavati // 7 // , 2. bhAvyamANo'Na savarNAna na gRhNAti // 30 // , 3. ukAra evaiko bhAvyamAno'pi savarNAn na gRhNati // 31 // , 4. aGgavRtte punarvRttAdadhiniSThitasya // 34 // 5. dhAtUpasargayorantaraGgaM kAryaM bhavati // 37 // , 6. ekAnubandhakRtamanityam // 45 // , 7. udit svavargameva gRhNAti na savarNamAtram // 55 // , 8. prakRtigrahaNe NijantasyApi grahaNam / / 70 // 9. sarvo dvandvo vibhASayaikavad bhavati // 73 // , 10. navikaraNasvaro lasArvadhAtukasvaraM bAdhate // 84 // , 11. kRdgrahaNe gatikArakapUrvasyApi grahaNam // 85 // . pro. abhyaMkarajI ne batAyA hai ki vyADi kI 13 paribhASAoM ko zAkaTAyana paribhASA meM choDa dI hai, kintu Upara batAyI huI kevala gyAraha paribhASAoM ko choDa dI hai| unameM se kRtrimAkRtrimayorubhayagatirbhavati // 7 // dhAtUpasargayorantaraGgaM kAryaM bhavati // 37 // , prakRtigrahaNe NijantasyApi // 70 // sarvo dvandvo vibhASayaikavad bhavati // 73 // ' aura 'kRdgrahaNe gatikArakapUrvasyApi' // 93 // paribhASAe~ aisI hai, jisakI pravRtti bahuta se vaiyAkaraNoM ne kI hai tathApi unakA samAveza yahA~ zAkaTAyana paribhASApATha meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jabaki anya cha: paribhASAe~ kevala pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI vyavasthA ke lie hI Avazyaka hone se yahA~ usakA koI prayojana nahIM hai| ___ vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana aura zAkaTAyana ke paribhASApATha meM bahuta sI paribhASAe~ samAna hai aura usakA krama bhI samAna hai, ataH aisA anumAna ho sakatA hai ki donoM paribhASAoM kI racanA meM bahuta kucha kAla kA antara nahIM hai| zAkaTAyanaparibhASAkAra ke sammukha vyADi kA 'paribhASAsUcana' hogA hii| zAkaTAyana paribhASApATha kI kula 98 paribhASAoM meM se kevala 53 paribhASAe~ siddhahema kI paramparA ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM hai aura bahuta sI paribhASAoM kA zabdazaH AcAryazrI yA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| yadyapi unameM se kucheka paribhASAe~ aisI bhI hai, jo kevala donoM paramparA kI bhinna saMjJAo ke kAraNa hI bhinna pratIta hotI hai / ve isa prakAra haiM / 1. nAnubandhakRtamanejantatvam // 15 // , 2. zlugvikaraNAzlugvikaraNayorazlagvikaraNam // 45 // 3. tadanubandhagrahaNe nAtadanubandhakasya // 49 // 4. prakRtigrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi // 63 // , 5. prAtipadikavidhau pratyayagrahaNe na tadantavidhiH // 74 // ityAdi / / prakRtigrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi // 63 // paribhASA vicitra hai| yahA~ prakRti zabda se nAmarUpa prakRti lI jAya yA dhAturUpa? nAmasvarUpa prakRti nahIM lI jA sakatI hai kyoMki 'prAtipapadikagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi' paribhASA dI gaI hai| yadi dhAturUpa prakRti lI jAya to, liGga zabda se kyA liyA jAya? yahI eka prazna hai / yadi liGga zabda se svArthika pratyaya liyA jAya to, siddhahaima meM 'prakRtigrahaNe svArthikapratyayAntAnAmapi grahaNam' paribhASA hai hii| isa prakAra siddhahema meM aprApta paribhASAoM ke bAre meM vizeSa vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ kevala digdarzana hI kiyA gayA hai|

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[45] 21. haimaparibhASAe~ aura jainendraparibhASAe~ sAmAnyatayA jainAcAryoM dvArA praNIta prAyaH 6, 7 vyAkaraNa isa samaya prApta haiM, unameM kevala tIna vyAkaraNa hI mukhya hai / 1. jainendra, 2. zAkaTAyana aura 3. siddhahema / usameM jainendra vyAkaraNa ko sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / yadyapi usameM Aye hue kucheka udAharaNoM yA sUtroM se jJAta hotA hai ki usase pUrva bhI bhUtabali, prabhAcandra, siddhasena, samantabhadra, yazobhadra, zrIdatta ityAdi ke vyAkaraNa hoMge kintu inakA koI vyAkaraNa sambandhita grantha hAla upalabdha nahIM hai| isI vyAkaraNa kI racanA pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke bAda huI jAna par3atI hai kyoMki mUla vyAkaraNa meM vArtika nahIM hai, jo kAtyAyana ke vArtikoM se milate-julate hai, isakI pUrti mahAvRtti ke racayitA AcArya abhayanandI se pUrva kI gaI hai / mahAvRtti meM kucheka vArtikoM kA niSprayojanatva batAyA gayA hai / tathApi pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkararajI kI mAnyatAnusAra pUjyapAda devanandI ke sUtroM meM kAtyAyana ke kucheka vArtikoM kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| pUjyapAda devanandI praNIta jainendra vyAkaraNa aura usakI AcArya abhayanandI kRta jainendramahAvRtti ke AdhAra para pro. kAzinAtha vAsadeva abhyaMkara ne jainendraparibhASAvRttiM banAyI hai| usameM kula milAkara 1 gaI hai| jabaki paMDita zambhunAtha tripAThI dvArA sampAdita aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI dvArA prakAzita jainendra mahAvRtti ke pariziSTa meM akArAdi krama se dI gaI paribhASAsUcI meM kevala 67 paribhASAe~ hai| jainendra paribhASA ke bAre meM zrIyudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne batAyA hai ki "AcArya abhayanandi kI mahAvRtti meM aneka paribhASAe~ uddhata hai| katipaya paribhASAoM ke jJApaka bhI likhe haiM / jainendra sambandhita paribhASAoM ke pravaktA kauna hai yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jainendra paribhASAoM kI vyAkhyA kisI prAcIna granthakAra ne kI thI, aisA abhayanandI ke ullekha se lagatA hai / abhayanandI sUtra 1/1/91 para likhate hai ki 'sannipAta paribhASAyA anityatAM vakSyati / ' yahA~ 'vakSyati' kriyA kA kartA kauna hai, vaha ajJAta hai, kintu isase spaSTa hai ki abhayanandI se pUrva kisIne jainendra paribhASAoM kI vyAkhyA kI thii|"71 . jainendra mahAvRtti meM paMDita zambhunAthajI ne paribhASA sambandhita koI vizeSa TippaNI nahIM kI hai yA to ke koI vibhAga/prakAra Adi bhI nahIM batAyA hai| pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI, jainendraparibhASAvRtti kI racanA kA hetu/kAraNa batAte hue likhate haiM ki prastuta saMkSipta paribhASAvRtti kI racanA se jainendra vyAkaraNa paramparA kI paribhASA sambandhita sAhitya kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kI gaI hai, jisakI bahuta jarUrata thii| isI paramparA meM paribhASA sambandhita koI sAhitya yA paribhASAsUcI upalabdha nahIM hai, jaise pANini, cAndra, kAtaMtra aura zAkaTAyana meM hai| prastuta paribhASAvRtti IsA kI chaThThI sadI meM hue devanandi ke jainendra vyAkaraNa Upara IsA kI navamIM sadI meM hue AcArya abhayanandi praNIta jainendra mahAvRtti ke AdhAra para banAyI gaI hai| yahI mahAvRtti pANinIya paramparA ke vAmana aura jayAditya dvArA praNIta kAzikAvRtti ke samAna hI hai| isI paribhASAvRtti meM cAra vibhAga hai| 1. sUtrArthakaraNa, 2. tadantavidhi, 3. bAdha, 4. prakIrNa / pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI ne isa paribhASAvRtti ke anta meM jainendra vyAkaraNa paramparA kI viziSTa saMjJAe~ bhI dI hai, jisase jainendra vyAkaraNa aura tatsambandhita paribhASAoM ko samajhane meM saralatA ho| 69. draSTavya : jainendramahAvRtti pR. 15, ugitkArya...pR. 26, dANazca sA 70. draSTavya : paribhASAsaMgraha, Introduction, by Prof. K. V. Abhyankara, pp.24 draSTavya : 'jainendramahAvRtti' meM zrIyadhiSThira mImAMsaka kA lekha 72. draSTavya : 'paribhASAsaMgraha' pR. 81 kI TippaNI 73. draSTavya : 'paribhASAsaMgraha' Introduction, pp.25

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[46] - isI paribhASAvRtti meM yadyapi kucheka paribhASAe~ aisI hai, jisakA A. abhayanandi ne sAkSAt ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, tathApi usake anusAra vyavahAra to kiyA hI hai jaise 1 arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya grahaNam // isI paribhASA ke anusAra Ani [ jai. 5/4/ 103 ] sUtra meM vyavahAra karate hue kahA hai- "arthavadgrahaNa - paribhASayA'rthavata eva nergrahaNAdiha na bhavati 175 'parimANagrahaNe na kAlaparimANaM gRhyate' aura 'pUrvatrA'siddhe nAsti spardho'sattvAduttarasya' paribhASAoM kA ullekha mahAvRtti meM hai tathApi paM. zambhunAtha tripAThIkRta sUcI meM inakA sthAna nahIM hai / " jabaki 'mRdgrahaNe na tadantavidhi:' ( mRd=prAtipadika-nAma) aura 'vyapadezivadekasmin' ina donoM paribhASAoM kA 'sapUrvAt ' [ jai. 4/ 1 / 21 ] sUtra se sAkSAt vidhAna kiyA gayA hai tathApi kevala 'vyapadezivadbhAvo na mRdA' paribhASA hI sUcI meM dI gaI hai / " "yena nA'prApte tasya tadbAdhanam' paribhASA mahAvRtti meM hone para bhI pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI ne nahIM dI hai 1* kucheka paribhASAe~ aisI hai jo siddhahema aura jainendra donoM meM prApta hai tathApi paM. zambhunAtha tripAThi va pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarajI, donoM meM se kisIne nahIM dI hai / 1. RtorjidvidhAvavayavebhyaH // 2. RkAralRkArayoH svasaMjJA vaktavyA // 3. anubandhakRtamanekAltvam // " jainendraparibhASAvRtti kI 108 paribhASA ke khilApha 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM 141 paribhASAe~ hai / bahuta sI paribhASAe~ aisI hai, jo jainendraparibhASAvRtti meM hai kintu 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM nahIM hai| inakI sUcI isa prakAra hai - 1. kAryakAlaM saMjJAparibhASam // 2 // , 2. parimANagrahaNe na kAlaparimANaM gRhyate // 9 // , 3. anukaraNazabdA anukAryazabdairarthavantaH // 12 // , 4. vyapadezivadekasmin // 14 // 5. dhugrahaNe dhvAdeH samudAyasya grahaNam // 19 // , 6. nirdizyamAnasyAdezA bhavanti // 24 // , 7. antyavikAre antyasadezasya // 27 // 8. nimittakAryaM na nimittasya // 29 // , 9. ubhayata AzrayaNe na tadvadbhAvaH // 30 // , 20. nAnubandhakRtaM halantatvam // 35 // , 11. ekAnubandhakRtamanityam // 36 // , 12. nAnarthake'ntelo'ntyavidhiH // 38 // , 13. gukArye nivRttiH punarna tannimittam // 41 // 14. avayavanAzinAmataH khaM na bhavati // 43 // , 15. Ne'pyaNkRtaM bhavati // 44 // , 16. varNAzraye nAsti tyAzrayam // 45 // 17. pUrvatrA'siddhe na sthAnivat // 48 // , 18. sphAdikhalatvaNatveSu nAsti // 49 // , 19. atulyabalayoH spardho na bhavati // 66 // , 20. pUrvatrA'siddhe nAsti spartho'satvAduttarasya // 67 // , 21. na yoge yoge'siddho'pi prakaraNe prakaraNamasiddhaM bhavati // 68 // 22. AbhAcchAstrasya kvacit siddhatA / // 69 // , 23. pUrvatrAsiddhIyamadvitve // 70 // 24. punaH prasaGgavijJAnAt vidhiH // 74 // 25. akRtavadvyUhena siddhaH // 88 // 26. DalayoH samAnaviSayatvaM smaryate // 107 // prAyaH 25 se adhika paribhASAe~ aisI hai, jo kucha na kucha rUpa meM siddhahema paramparA meM prApta hai / kucheka saptAdhyAyI ke sUtra svarUpa meM hai, to kucheka meM thoDA sA parivartana kiyA gayA hai / kucheka nityatva, bahiraGgatva, antaraGgatva ityAdi kI vyAkhyA svarUpa hI hai, ataH inako 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM sthAna nahIM diyA hai / liGgAnuzAsana sambandhita paribhASAoM kA bhI 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM saMgraha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM prApta kintu jainendra mahAvRtti meM anupalabdha paribhASAoM kI sUcI bahuta lambI hone jA rahI hai / usakI saMkhyA zAyada 70 se adhika hogii| isakA mukhya kAraNa yahI hai ki yaha vyAkaraNa prAcIna hai aura draSTavya : 'paribhASAsaMgraha' pR. 82 74. 75. draSTavya : 'jainendramahAvRtti' pR. 415 sUtra 5 / 4 /103 76. draSTavya : 'jainendramahAvRtti' pR. 362 sUtra 5/2/20 77. draSTavya : jainendramahAvRtti pR. 248, sUtra 4 / 2 / 21 78. draSTavya : jainendramahAvRtti pR. 361, 392, sUtra, 5/2/15, 5/3/41 79. draSTavya : jainendramahAvRtti pR. 12, sUtra 1 / 2 / 52

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[47] jaba isakI racanA huI taba prAyaH vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana ko choDakara anya koI vizeSa sAhitya upalabdha nahIM thA aura isake bAre meM kucha bhI vicAra karane kI paramparA kA prAdurbhAva hI nahIM huA hogA / usI 70 se adhika paribhASAoM meM bahuta sI paribhASAe~ sarvamAnya aura sarvasAmAnya hone para bhI kevala siddhahema kI paramparA meM inakI vizeSataH pravRtti kI gaI hai / to kucha paribhASAe~ kevala siddhahema ke lie hI upayukta hai| udA. Dintvena kittvaM bAdhyate // 29 // strIkhalanA alo bAdhakAH striyA: khalanau // 112 // , kvibarthaM prakRtirevAha // 136 // , kRte'nyasmin dhAtupratyayakArye pazcAt vRddhistAdvAdhyo'T ca // 82 // , anityo NiccurAdInAm // 17 // , Nilopo'pyanityaH // 18 // Nic saMniyoge eva curAdInAmadantatA // 99 // , yvRd yvRdAzrayaM ca // 45 // tyAdiSvanyo'nyaM nAsarUpotsargavidhiH // 11 // ataH ina saba kA jainendra paramparA meM sthAna na honA svAbhAvika hI hai| 22. upasaMhAra pichale do hajAra se DhAI hajAra varSoM se bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM aura vizeSataH pUrvabhArata meM uttarapradeza, bihAra, bAMglA va uDIsA meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI vibhinna paramparAe~ paidA huI / kvacit mAlavA/madhyapradeza, gujarAta va rAjasthAna meM bhI saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI naI paramparA paidA huI hai / una vyAkaraNa paramparAoM meM mUlasUtroM kI vRtti, va nyAsa ityAdi kI bhI racanA huI hai / unake sAtha sAtha vyAkaraNazAstra kI racanA meM upayogI siddhAMta, jo bAda meM vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kI samajautI dene ke lie arthAt sUtrArtha nizcaya karane meM va zabdoM kI siddhi yA sUtroM kI pravRtti yA niSedha ko samajhAne meM sahAyaka baneM / aise paribhASA sambandhita sAhitya kI bhI racanA prAya: do hajAra sAla se calI A rahI hai| Aja taka logoM meM aisI mAnyatA calI A rahI hai ki paribhASAoM kA 3 vaiyAkaraNoM kI sabhA meM zAstrArtha yA vAda-vivAda meM upayogI hai kintu aisA nahIM hai| Upara nirdeza kI gaI vibhinna paramparAoM ke paribhASAsaMgrahA sUcI) yA paribhASAvRttiyoM meM se isI prastAvanA ke antima do vibhAga meM vyADi, zAkaTAyana va haima paribhASAoM kI tathA haima va jainendra paribhASAoM kI sAmAnyarUpase tulanA kI gaI hai / vaise vibhinna vyAkaraNa ke mUlagrantha, TIkAe~ va paribhASAvRttiyoM kA gahana adhyayana karake viziSTa tulanAtmaka aura vivecanAtmaka/vizleSaNAtmaka anusaMdhAna kArya kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ kevala isakA dizA nirdeza hI kiyA gayA hai| isI grantha / vivecana ke adhyayana ke bAda kisI adhyetA yA vidvAn ko anusandhAna kArya kI icchA paidA hogI aura usake anurUpa puruSArtha karake anusandhAna kArya kareMge to merA yaha prayatna saphala hogaa| yahI vistRta prastAvanA likhane ke lie vibhinna granthoM kI sahAya maiMne lI hai, etadartha una sabhI granthakAroM va granthaprakAzakoM kA maiM RNI huuN| anta meM vibhinna vyAkaraNa paramparAoM ke bAre meM yadi merI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa kucha galata likhA gayA ho to vidvajjanoM ko aMgulinirdeza karane kI vinati karake viramatA huuN| muni naMdighoSavijaya vi. saM. 2052, azvina zukla saptamI, 19, akTubara, 1996 dAdAsAheba jaina upAzraya bhAvanagara - 364 001

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// 2 // son zrIhemahaMsagaNisaMgRhItaH zrIsiddhahemacandravyAkaraNastha** // nyAyasaMgrahaH // **. OMrUpAya namaH zrImadhaimavyAkaraNAya ca / zrIsomasundaragurUttaMsAya ca namo namaH // atha ye tu zAstre sUcitA lokaprasiddhAzca nyAyastadarthaM yatnaH kriyate / // prathamo vakSaskAraH // nyAyaH // 1 // svaM rupaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA / susarvArdhadikzabdebhyo janapadasya / // 3 // RtorvRddhimadvidhAvavayavebhyaH / // 4 // svarasya husvadIrghaplutAH / Adyantavadekasmin / // 6 // prakRtivadanukaraNam / // 7 // ekadezavikRtamananyavat / // 8 // bhuutpuurvkstdvdupcaarH| // 9 // bhAvini bhUtavadupacAraH / // 10 // yathAsaGkhyamanudezaH samAnAm / // 11 // vivakSAtaH kArakANi / // 12 // apekSAto'dhikAraH / // 13 // arthavazAd vibhaktipariNAmaH / // 14 // arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya / // 15 // lakSaNapratipadoktayoH pratipadoktasyaiva grahaNam / // 16 // nAmagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi / // 17 // prakRtigrahaNe yaGlubantasyApi / // 18 // tivA zavAnubandhena nirdiSTaM yadgaNena ca / ekasvaranimittaM ca paJcaitAni na yaGlupi // // 19 // sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tadvighAtasya / // 20 // asiddhaM bhirnggmntrngge| // 21 // na svarAnantarye // 22 // gauNamukhyayormukhya kAryasampratyayaH / // 23 // kRtrimAkRtrimayoH kRtrime / // 24 // kvacidubhayagatiH /

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102 107 109 110 110 [49] // 25 // siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH / // 26 // dhAtoH svarUpagrahaNe tatpratyaye kAryavijJAnam / // 27 // najuktaM tatsadRze / // 28 // uktArthAnAmaprayogaH / // 29 // nimittAbhAve naimittikasyApyabhAvaH / // 30 // sanniyogaziSTAnAmekApAye'nyatarasyA'pyapAyaH / // 31 // nAnvAcIyamAnanivRttau tu pradhAnasya / // 32 // niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya / // 33 // ekAnubandhagrahaNe na dvayanubandhakasya / // 34 // nAnubandhakRtAnyasAruNyAnekasvaratvAnekavarNatvAni / // 25 // samAsAntAgamasaMjJAjJApakagaNananirdiSTAnyanityAni / // 36 // pUrve'pavAdA anantarAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn / // 37 // madhye'pavAdAH pUrvAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn / // 38 // yaM vidhi pratyupadezo'narthakaH sa vidhirbAdhyate / // 39 // yasya tu vidhenimittamasti nAsau vidhirbAdhyate / // 40 // yena nA'prApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasyaiva bAdhakaH / // 41 // balavannityamanityAt / // 42 // antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt / // 43 // niravakAzaM sAvakAzAt / // 44 // vArNAtprAkRtam / // 45 // vRd yvRdAzrayaM ca / // 46 // upapadavibhakteH kArakavibhaktiH / // 47 // lubantaraGgebhyaH / // 48 // sarvebhyo lopH| // 49 // lopAtsvarAdezaH / // 50 // AdezAdAgamaH / // 51 // AgamAtsarvAdezaH / // 52 // parAnnityam / // 53 // nityAdantaraGgam / // 54 // antaraGgAccAnavakAzam / // 55 // utsrgaadpvaadH| // 56 // apavAdAt kvacidutsargo'pi / // 57 // nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH / 112 116 118 120 121 123 126 128 130 134 138 139 140 140

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176 194 [50] ete nyAyAH prabhuzrIhemacandrAcAyaiH svopajJasaMskRtazabdAnuzAsanabRhadvRttiprAnte samuccitAstairasamuccitAstvete // dvitIyo vakSaskAraH // // 58 // prakRtigrahaNe svArthikapratyayAntAnAmapi grahaNam // 1 // 145 // 59 // pratyayApratyayayoH pratyayasyaiva // 2 // 151 // 60 // adAdhanadAdyoranadAdereva // 3 // 153 // 61 // prAkaraNikAprAkaraNikayoH prAkaraNikasyaiva // 4 // 155 // 62 // niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyena // 5 // 160 // 63 // sAhacaryAt sadRzasyaiva // 6 // 161 // 64 // varNagrahaNe jAtigrahaNam // 7 // 166 // 65 // varNaikadezo'pi varNagrahaNena gRhyate // 8 // 172 66 // tanmadhyapatitastadgrahaNena gRhyate // 9 // // 67 // AgamA yadguNIbhUtAstadgrahaNena gRhyante // 10 // 177 // 68 // svAGgamavyavadhAyi // 11 // 182 // 69 // upasargo na vyavadhAyI // 12 // 188 // 70 // yena nAvyavadhAnaM tena vyavahite'pi syAt // 13 // 190 // 71 // RkArApadiSTaM kAryaM lakArasyApi // 14 // // 72 // sakArApadiSTaM kAryaM tadAdezasya zakArasyApi // 15 // 195 hasvadIrghApadiSTaM kAryaM na plutasya // 16 // 199 // 74 // saMjJottarapadAdhikAre pratyayagrahaNe pratyayamAtrasyaiva grahaNaM na tadantasya // 17 // 201 // 75 // grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH // 18 // 208 // 76 // aninasmanagrahaNAnyarthavatA'narthakena ca tadantavidhi prayojayanti // 19 // // 77 // gAmAdAgrahaNeSvavizeSaH // 20 // 78 // tayoH zrauto vidhibalIyAn // 21 // // 79 // antaraGgAnapi vidhIn yabAdezo bAdhate // 22 // // 80 // sakRdgate spardhe yadbAdhitaM tadbAdhitameva // 23 // // 8 // dvitve sati pUrvasya vikAreSu bAdhako na bAdhakaH // 24 // // 82 // kRte'nyasmin dhAtupratyayakArye pazcAdvRddhistadbAdhyo'T ca // 25 // // 83 // pUrvaM pUrvottarapadayoH kAryaM kAryaM pazcAtsandhikAryam // 26 // // 84 // saMjJA na saMjJAntarabAdhikA // 27 // // 85 // sApekSamasamartham // 28 // // 86 // pradhAnasya tu sApekSatve'pi samAsaH // 29 // 251 // 87 // taddhitIyo bhAvapratyayaH sApekSAdapi // 30 // 253 // 88 // gatikArakaGasyuktAnAM vibhaktyantAnAmeva kRndantairvibhaktyutpatteH prAgeva samAsaH // 31 // 254 // 89 // samAsataddhitAnAM vRttirvikalpena vRttiviSaye ca nityaivApavAdavRttiH // 32 // 257

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// 90 // // 91 // // 92 // // 93 // // 94 // // 95 // // 96 // // 97 // // 98 // // 99 // // 100 // // 101 // // 102 // // 103 // // 104 // // 105 // // 106 // // 107 // // 108 // // 109 // [51] ekazabdasyAsaGkhyAtvaM kvacit // 33 // AdazabhyaH saGkhyA saGkhyeye vartate na saGkhyAne // 34 // ft yatkRtaM tatsarvaM sthAnivadbhavati // 35 // dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati // 36 // Atmanepadamanityam // 37 // kvipi vyaJjanakAryamanityam // 38 // sthAnivadbhAvapuMvadbhAvaikazeSadvandvaikatvadIrghatvAnyanityAni // 39 // anityo NiccurAdInAm // 40 // Nilopo'pyanityaH // 41 // NicsaMniyoge eva curAdInAmadantatA // 42 // dhAtavo 'nekArthAH // 43 // gatyarthA jJAnArthAH // 44 // nAmnAM vyutpattiravyavasthitA // 45 // uNAdayo'vyutpannAni nAmAni // 46 // zuddhadhAtUnAmakRtrimaM rupam // 47 // kvibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti zabdatvaM ca pratipadyante // 48 // ubhayasthAnaniSpanno'nyataravyapadezabhAk // 49 // avayave kRtaM liGgaM samudAyamapi vizinaSTi cettaM samudAyaM so'vayavo na vyabhicarati // 50 // yena dhAtunA yuktAH prAdayastaM pratyevopasargasaMjJA // 51 // yatropasargatvaM na saMbhavati tatropasargazabdena prAdayo lakSyante na tu saMbhavatyupasargatve // 52 // // 110 // zIlAdipratyayeSu nAsarupotsargavidhiH // 53 // tyAdiSvanyo'nyaM nAsarUpotsargavidhiH // 54 // // 111 // // 112 // // 113 // // 114 // // 115 // // 116 // // 117 // // 118 // // 119 // // 120 // // 121 // // 122 // strIkhalanA alo bAdhakAH striyAH khalanau // 55 // yAvat saMbhavastAvadvidhiH // 56 // saMbhave vyabhicAre ca vizeSaNamarthavat // 57 // sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam // 58 // parArthe prayujyamAnaH zabdo vatamantareNApi vadarthaM gamayati // 59 // dvau naJau prakRtamarthaM gamayataH // 60 // cakAro yasmAtparastatsajAtIyameva samuccinoti // 61 // cAnukRSTaM nAnuvartate // 62 // cAnukRSTena na yathAsaGkhyam // 63 // vyAkhyAto vizeSArthapratipatti: // 64 // yatrAnyatkriyApadaM na zrUyate tatrAstirbhavantIparaH prayujyate // 65 // 260 262 265 268 269 271 274 279 281 282 286 288 289 292 295 296 299 303 304 305 307 309 311 313 315 316 318 319 320 322 323 325 327

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// 123 // // 124 // // 125 // // 126 // // 127 // // 128 // // 129 // // 130 // // 131 // // 132 // // 133 // // 134 // // 135 // // 136 // // 137 // // 138 // // 139 // // 140 // [52] ityete paJcaSaSTiH, pUrvaiH saha dvAviMzaM zataM nyAyA vyApakA jJApakAdiyutAzca / // tRtIyo vakSaskAraH // ataH paraM tu ye vakSyante te kecidavyApakAH prAyaH sarve jJApakAdirahitAzca te cAmI yadupAdhervibhASA tadupAdheH pratiSedhaH // 1 // yasya yenAbhisambandho dUrasthasyApi tena saH // 2 // yena vinA yanna bhavati tattasyAnimittasyApi nimittam // 3 // nAmagrahaNe prAyeNopasargasya na grahaNam // 4 // 330 331 332 333 334 335 337 340 341 342 343 344 346 348 350 351 353 355 nyAyA: sthavirayaSTiprAyAH // 18 // ete'STAdaza nyAyAH, pUrvaiH sarvaiH saha catvAriMzaM zataM stokastokavaktavyA: // ekastvayaM bahu vaktavyaH / sAmAnyAtideze vizeSasya nAtidezaH // 5 // sarvatrApi vizeSeNa sAmAnyaM bAdhyate, na tu sAmAnyena vizeSaH // 6 // Gittvena kittvaM bAdhyate // 7 // parAdantaraGgaM balIyaH // 8 // pratyayalope'pi pratyayalakSaNaM kAryaM vijJAyate // 9 // vidhiniyamayorvidhireva jyAyAn // 10 // anantarasyaiva vidhirniSedho vA // 11 // parjanyavallakSaNapravRttiH // 12 // na kevalA prakRttiH prayoktavyA // 13 // kvirthaM prakRtirevAha // 14 // dvandvAtparaH pratyekamabhisambadhyate // 15 // vicitrA: zabdazaktayaH // 16 // kiM hi vacanAnna bhavati // 17 // // caturtho vakSaskAraH // // 141 // ziSTanAmaniSpatiprayogadhAtUnAM sautratvAllakSyAnurodhAdvA siddhiH // 1 // iti zrIsiddhahemacandravyAkaraNasthanyAyasaMgrahaH // zrIsUrIzvarasomasundaragurorniHzeSaziSyAgraNI gacchendraH prabhuratnazekharagururdedIpyate sAmpratam / tacchiSyAzravahemahaMsagaNinA zrIsiddhahemAbhidhe, nyAyA vyAkaraNe vilokya sakalAH saMsaMgRhItA ime // 1 // pratyakSaraM gaNanayA granthe'sminnyAyasaMgrahe / zlokAnAmaSTaSaSTiH syAdadhikA ca dazAkSarI // 2 // granthAgram zlo. 68 akSara 10 // 358 *

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// OM zrIzaGkhezvarapArzvanAthAya namaH // // namo namaH zrIgurunemisUraye // namaH // // OM // e~ namaH // // nyAyasaMgraha // atha kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcAryaviracitazrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsanagatapaNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNisaGgRhIta'nyAyasaGgraha' nAmnaH nyAyasUtrANAM svopajJanyAyArthamaJjUSAnAmabRhadvRttezca svopajJanyAsasya ca muni nandighoSavijayakRta savivaraNaM hindIbhASAnuvAdaH tInoM loka ke AhlAda / AnaMda ke kAraNa svarUpa zobhA se yukta, candra jaisI saumya AkRtiyukta, vizva meM sabase mahAna aura sabake rakSaka zrIsiddhacakra bhagavaMta ko namaskAra ho / nyAya (rIti) mArga para calanevAle rAma Adi rAjAoM kA yaza ( khyAti) Aja dina taka saba dizAoM meM phailA huA hai, aura nyAyarIti se prApta lakSmI ihaloka aura paraloka meM bhI ananya sukha detI hai aura candra jaisA ( svaccha / nirmala) yahI jinazAsana bhI nyAya se hI jayavaMta hotA hai / vijaya prApta karatA hai / kintu zaTha / dhUrta logoM kI vANI nizcaya se vijaya prApta karatI nahIM hai, ataH paMDitapuruSoM meM indra samAna aise Apa saba zubha sthAnadAyaka / zubha phaladAyaka nyAyavRtti kA Adara kareM aura isakA AcaraNa bhI kreN| yahA~ sugRhItanAmadheya arthAt jisakA nAma smaraNa acchI taraha karane yogya hai aise zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne svayaM nirmANa kiye hue saMskRta zabdAnuzAsana / vyAkaraNa kI bRhadvRtti ke bAda sattAvana (57) nyAyoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai / usake anityatva kI upekSA kara, kaI mahApuruSoM ne, usakI vyAkhyA, udAharaNa / dRSTAnta aura jJApakoM se yukta choTI-sI vRtti / TIkA banAyI hai / kintu abhI yahA~ AcArya zrI dvArA saMgRhIta sattAvana nyAya aura mere dvArA saMgRhIta caurAsI ( 84 ) nyAyoM kI sUtra aura uddeza ke sAtha vyAkhyA, prayojana, dRSTAnta, jJApaka aura yathAyogya anityatA va anityatA ke jJApakoM ko batAne ke lie 'nyAyasaGgraha' nAmaka grantha ke nyAyasUtroM kI 'nyAyArthamaJjUSA' nAmaka bRhadvRtti maiM likha rahA hU~ /

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) yahA~ sUtra ke prArambha meM maMgala ke lie namaskAra karate haiN| rUpAya namaH zrImad haimavyAkaraNAya ca / zrIsomasundaragurUttaMsAya ca namo namaH // ' kAra ko aura zrIhaimavyAkaraNa ko tathA guruoM meM mukuTa samAna/svarUpa zrIsomasundaragura ko punaH punaH namaskAra ho arthAt maiM vAraMvAra namaskAra karatA huuN|' ___ yahA~ kAra kA svarUpa, arihaMta, siddha (azarIrI ), AcArya, upAdhyAya aura muni, una pA~coM ke AdyAkSaroM se banA huA hai, ataH vaha namaskaraNIya hai| inake dvArA paMcaparameSThi ko namaskAra hotA hai| yahA~ Adi meM ma gaNa( rUpA )meM tInoM akSara guru haiM aura vaha pRthvItattva se yukta hai, ata: vaha zrI arthAt lakSmI yA zobhA ke lie rakhA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki : 'mo bhUmiH zriyamAtanoti' (ma-gaNa pRthvItatvase yukta hai aura vaha lakSmI/zobhA kI vRddhi karatA hai|) '' ke sAtha 'namaH' pada rakhakara ' namaH' svarUpa pAThasiddha maMtra saba prakAra ke abhyudaya ke lie rakhA hai aura zrIhaimavyAkaraNa samyagdRSTivAn zrIhemacandrAcArya dvArA gRhIta aura prarUpita hone se zrutajJAna hai, ataH ise namaskAra kiyA hai / vizeSataH prastuta/isa grantha meM haimavyAkaraNa kA hI adhikAra hone se ise namaskAra kiyA hai / apane guruko namaskAra karate samaya vizeSa bhakti ke kAraNa rUpa sambhrama/jaldI ko batAne ke lie 'asakRtsambhrame' 7/4/72 sUtra se 'namaH' zabda kA dvitva kiyA hai| aba zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne nyAyasUtra ke prArambha meM jo vAkya kahA hai vahI vAkya yahA~ kahA jAtA hai| atha ye tu zAstre sUcitA lokaprasiddhAzca nyAyAstadarthaM yatnaH kriyate iti / aba jo nyAya, zAstra meM sUcita hai, aura jo nyAya loka meM prasiddha hai usake lie prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / / yahA~ zAstra kA abhidheya Upara batAye anusAra sAkSAt/pratyakSa hI hai / sambandha aura prayojana bhI nimna prakAra se hai| 'atha' arthAt haima saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI bRhadvRtti ke turaMta/bAda, ataH (isI zabda se) bRhavRtti ke sAtha nyAyasUtroM kA Anantarya sambandha jJApita hotA hai| aura ye tu' meM jo 'tu' zabda hai, usase jJApita hotA hai ki vyAkaraNasUtra naye banAye jAte haiM kintu anya vyAkaraNa meM bhI nyAyasUtra isI prakAra ke hI haiM, ataH nyAyasUtra cirakAla se hI samAna rUpa se pracalita haiM aura vaha guru paramparA dvArA granthakAra ko prApta hue haiM / ataH isa prakAra guruparvakramalakSaNa rUpa sambandha bhI batAyA hai / ' zAstra arthAt sAGga zabdAnuzAsana' Adi graMtha dvArA sUcita aura lokaprasiddha arthAt loka 1. zabdAnuzAsanake pA~ca aGga prasiddha haiM, 1. sUtrapATha, 2. vRtti, 3. gaNapATha, 4. dhAtupATha aura 5. liGgAnuzAsana /

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3 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 1 ) - vaiyAkaraNa Adi, jo siddhAnta va zAstroM se paricita haiM aura prAmANika arthAt naiyAyika AdimeM prasiddha jo nyAya hai, usake lie prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / vastutaH 'nyAya' zabda dRSTAnta artha meM pracalita yA rUr3ha hai / udA. sUcIkaTAhanyAya, kAkAkSigolakanyAya, DamarukamaNinyAya, ghaNTAlAlAnyAya, dehalIdIpakanyAya ityAdi / kintu yahA~ 'nIyate sandigdho'rtho nirNayamebhiH'- jisake dvArA sandigdha / zaMkAspada artha ko kisI nirNaya yA nizcita artha ke prati lAyA jAtA hai, use 'nyAya' kahate haiM / yahI 'nyAya' zabda 'nyAyAvAyAdhyAyodyAvasaMhArAvahArAdhAradArajAram' 5 / 3 / 134 sUtra dvArA ghaJ pratyayAnta nipAtita hai / 'nyAya' arthAt apane iSTa sAdhya ko siddha karanevAle guNa se yukta yuktiyA~, artha kA anusaraNa karanevAlI isI vyutpatti se sandigdha artha kA nirNaya' hI saba nyAyoM kA sarvasAmAnya prayojana batAyA hai / // 1 // svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA // 'zabda' ke apane svarUpa kA hI sarvatra grahaNa hotA hai, yadi vaha zabda kisI kI saMjJA ke svarUpa meM na ho / vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM meM sarvatra zabda ke apane svarUpa kA hI grahaNa karanA cAhie, yadi usI zabda se kisI zabdasamUha yA anya kI saMjJA na kI gaI ho / yadi isI zabda se kisI zabdasamUha yA anya kI saMjJA kI gaI ho to usI zabda se apane svarUpa kA anAdara karake jitane zabdasamUha kI yA anya kI saMjJA kI gaI ho una sabakA grahaNa hotA hai / 'sam' upasarga se yukta 'jJA' dhAtu ko 'upasargAdAta: ' 5 / 3 / 110 sUtra se bhAva meM 'a pratyaya hone para 'saMjJA' zabda banatA hai / 'gauNamukhyayormukhye kAryasampratyayaH ' // 22 // Adi nyAyoM kA yahI nyAya apavAda hai / yaha nyAya Age batAyA jAyegA / 1 yathA 'samaH khyaH' 5/1/77 yahA~ 'khyA' dhAtu ke do prakAra haiM- eka 'khyAMk', adAdi gaNa kA aura dUsarA 'cakSu' dhAtu ke Adeza ke rUpa meM [ cakSo vAci kzAMg khyAMg 4/4/4] bhI 'khyA' dhAtu hai / isa nyAyasUtra se yahA~ donoM prakAra ke 'khyA' dhAtu kA grahaNa hotA hai kyoMki 'khyA' kisI dhAtusamUha kI saMjJA nahIM hai / ataH 'gAH saMkhyAti, gAH saJcaSTe, ' donoM prakAra ke vigraha dvArA gosaGkhya Adi zabdo meM 'Da' pratyaya kI siddhi hotI hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'gauNamukhyayormukhye kAryasampratyayaH ' // 22 // nyAya se kevala svAbhAvika 'khyA' dhAtu se hI 'Da' pratyaya hotA, kintu 'cakSU' dhAtu ke Adeza hone se jisane dhAtutva prApta kiyA hai aise 'khyA' dhAtu se 'Da' pratyaya nahIM hotA athavA 'kRtrimAkRtrimayoH kRtrime // 23 // nyAya se kevala kRtrima 'khyA' dhAtu, - jo 'cakSU' dhAtu kA Adeza hai, - ko hI 'Da' pratyaya hotA kintu

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. nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) akRtrima athavA svAbhAvika khyAMk dhAtu se Da' pratyaya nahIM hotaa| 'upasargAdaH kiH' 5/3/87 ityAdi sUtra meM to 'avau dAdhau dA' 3/3/5 sUtra se kI gaI dA saMjJAvAle dhAtu grahaNa kiye haiM kyoMki yahA~ 'dA' aisI saMjJA kA astitva hai hI / ataH jaise 'Adi' zabda meM dA rUpa dhAtu hone se 'ki' pratyaya hotA hai vaise 'Adhi' zabda meM bhI dA rUpa na hone para bhI 'ki' pratyaya hogaa| ___ 'svaM rUpaM zabdasya' bhAga kA jJApaka 'nadIbhirnAmni' 3/1/27 sUtra meM 'nadI' zabda kA bahuvacana meM kiyA gayA prayoga hai / yadi 'nadI' zabda kA ekavacana meM prayoga kiyA hotA to 'svaM rUpaM zabdasya' zabdoM se kevala 'nadI' zabda kA hI grahaNa hotA kintu nadIvAcaka anya vizeSanAma jaise gaMgA, yamunA Adi kA grahaNa na hotA, kintu vahI iSTa yA abhipreta yA icchita nahIM hai, ataH 'nadIbhiH' rUpa kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'saGkhyA samAhAre' 3/1/28 sUtra meM Upara ke 'nadIbhirnAmni' 3/1/27 sUtra ke 'nadIbhiH' zabda kI anuvRtti ke kAraNa jaise 'paJcAnAM nadInAM samAhAraH paJcanadam' meM 'paJcan' zabdakA 'nadI' zabda ke sAtha 'avyayIbhAva' samAsa huA hai / vaise 'dvayoryamunayoH samAhAro dviyamunam, trigaGgam, saptagodAvaram' Adi meM nadI vizeSa nAma se bhI avyayIbhAva samAsa siddha hogA, bAda meM 'saGkhyAyA nadIgodAvarIbhyAm 7/3/91 sUtra se 'at' sAmAsAnta hogA, yA 'klIbe' 2/4/97 sUtra se hUsva hogA aura 'amavyayIbhAvasyAto'paJcamyA:' 3/2/2 sUtra se 'syAdi vibhakti' kA 'am' Adeza hogaa| 'svarAdupasargAddastikityadhaH' 4/4/9 sUtra meM jo 'dhA' svarUpa dhAtuoM kA varjana kiyA hai vaha 'azabdasaMjJA' khaMDa yA vibhAga kA jJApaka hai / yadi 'svaM rUpaM zabdasya' vacana se yahA~ kevala 'dA' rUpa dhAtuoM kA hI grahaNa hotA to 'dhA' rUpa dhAtuoM ke grahaNa kA prasaMga hI prApta nahIM ho sakatA, tabhI dhA kA varjana kyoM kiyA ? kintu 'azabdasaMjJA' vacana se yahA~ 'dhA' rUpa dhAtuoM ke grahaNa kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai, ataH isI sUtra meM 'dhA' rUpa dhAtuoM kA varjana kiyA, vaha saphala hai| isI nyAya kA Adya aMza 'svaM rUpaM zabdasya' anitya hai, ataH 'utsvarAyujerayajJatatpAtre' 3/3/26 sUtra meM 'yuji' zabda se kevala rudhAdi gaNa meM Aye hue 'yuj' dhAtu kA hI grahaNa hogA, kintu curAdi gaNa meM samAviSTa 'yuj' dhAtu kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai kyoMki yahI 'yuj' dhAtu se 'yujAdernavA' 3/4/18 sUtra se 'Nic' pratyaya vikalpa se hotA hai, ataH jaba 'yuj' dhAtu se 'Nic' nahIM hogA taba yahI dhAtu kA 'yuji' svarUpa hotA hai / yaha curAdi gaNa samanvita 'yuj' yuji svarUpa hone para bhI isakA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| 'pUklizibhyo navA' 4/4/45 sUtra meM rakhA huA/nirdiSTa bahuvacana, isa prathama aMza kI anityatA kA jJApaka hai| yahA~ bahuvacana rakhane se 'kliznAti' aura 'klizyati' donoM dhAtuoM kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yadi isa nyAya kA yaha aMza nitya hI hotA to bahuvacana ke alAvA hI donoM 'kliz' dhAtu kA grahaNa 'klizi' svarUpa se hone kI saMbhAvanA thI hI, to isake lie bahuvacana lain Education International

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.1) kA prayoga kyoM karanA cAhie ? isI nyAya kA dvitIya aMza bhI anitya hai, ataH 'prAjJazca' 5/1/79 sUtra meM, pUrva ke| agale 'dazcAGaH' 5/1/78 sUtra meM Aye hue 'dA' zabda kI anuvRtti hai / isI anuvRtta 'daH' pada se kevala 'dA' saMjJaka dhAtuoM kA hI grahaNa hotA hai kintu 'dA' saMjJArahita 'dAv' aura 'daiv' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, tathApi 'prAjjJazca' 5/1/79 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'dA' zabda se "kevala 'dA' rUpa dhAtuoM kA grahaNa karanA" aisI spaSTatA kI gaI hai, yahI isI nyAya ke dvitIya aMza 'azabdasaMjJA' kI anityatA kA jJApaka hai| isI nyAya ke bAre meM vicAra-vimarza karate hue AcArya zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'svaM rUpaM zabdasya' khaMDa/vibhAga ke bAre meM kahA hai ki 'kalyagnereyaNa' 6/1/17 sUtra se honevAlA 'eyaNa' pratyaya kevala 'agni' zabda se hI hogA kintu 'agni' ke paryAyavAcI 'vahni' Adi zabdoM se nahIM hogaa| pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkara ne, isI sUtra kI prAcIna vRttiyoM ke AdhAra para batAyA hai ki vyAkaraNazAstra meM sarvatra pratyeka zabda ke apane akSara rUpa-svarUpa kA hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai kintu usI zabda ke paryAyavAcI anya zabdoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai aura jahA~ vaha zabda 'saMjJA' ke rUpa meM prayukta hai, vahA~, usI saMjJA se nirdiSTa sabhI zabdoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / yahA~ bhI usI zabda ke paryAyavAcI anya zabdoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| pANinIya paraMparA meM yaha nyAya, sUtra ke rUpa meM kahA gayA hai aura isI sUtra [ pA. 1/1/ 68 ]ke mahAbhASya meM maharSi pataMjali ne isI nyAya/sUtra kI vyarthatA pratipAdita kI hai| AcArya zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isI nyAya ke donoM vibhAga/aMza kI anityatA kA khaMDana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki prathama aMza/khaMDa kI anityatA kA koI phala nahIM hai kyoMki prathamAMza ko anitya mAnane se zabda ke svarUpa ke sAtha zabda ke artha kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai, ataH 'utsvarAdhujerayajJatatpAtre' 3/3/26 sUtra meM 'yuji' zabda se 'yunakti' rUpavAle 'yuj' dhAtu aura curAdi gaNa samanvita 'yuj' dhAtu kA (Nic ke abhAva meM) samAna svarUpavAle haiM aura artha bhI samAna haiM, ataH 'yunakti' kA hI grahaNa hogA aura curAdi gaNa nirdiSTa yuj' dhAtu kA grahaNa nahIM hogA, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA arthAt svarUpa se aura artha se (donoM rIti se) donoM 'yuj' dhAtu kA hI grahaNa saMbhava hai ataH curAdi gaNa ke yuj dhAtu ke grahaNa ko rokane ke lie sUtra kI vRtti yA vyAkhyA meM spaSTa rUpa se 'yunakti' rUpa batA diyA hai arthAt 'utsvarAyujerayajJatatpAtre' 3/3/26 sUtra meM isI nyAya ke prathamAMza kI anityatA batAyI, vaha upayukta nahIM hai / ataH usake jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'pUklizibhyo 1. "Panini, in his rule svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA has laid down a definite principle, that as far as grammar rules are concerned words in Satras are to be taken strictly as collections of letters in specific order and no attention is to be paid to their sense, except in the case of His words i.e. technical terms, where the words shown by the technical terms are to be taken, but, there too, no attention is to be paid to their sense."('paribhASAsaMgraha', Introduction, by Prof. K. V. Abhyankar, Pp. 14.)

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nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) navA' 4/4/45 sUtra meM, klizyati aura kliznAti donoM dhAtuoM kA grahaNa karane ke lie rakhe bahuvacana ko batAyA hai, vaha bhI upayukta nahIM hai kyoMki 'svaM rUpaM zabdasya' nyAyAMza hone para bhI, jisa taraha 'klizyati' aura 'kliznAti' kA grahaNa hotA hai, isI taraha yaha nyAyAMza na hone para bhI klizyati - kliznAti donoM kA grahaNa ho sakatA hai kyoMki inhIM do dhAtuoM meM se kisI eka kA grahaNa karane ke lie koI nizcAyaka nahIM hai; ataH ina donoM dhAtuoM kA grahaNa bahuvacana kA prayoga na karane para bhI siddha hai tathA isa nyAyAMza ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM bahuvacana ke prayoga ko batAnA jarUrI nahIM hai / kintu divAdi gaNa meM AyA huA 'klizic upatApe' dhAtu i kAra anubandha sahita hai, jabaki krayAdi gaNa meM AyA huA 'klizauz vibAdhane' dhAtu aukAra anubandha sahita hai, ata: yahA~ 'klizi' kahane se 'tadanubandhakagrahaNe nAtadanubandhakasya' (ekAnubandhagrahaNe na dvayanubandhakasya) nyAya se divAdi gaNa nirdiSTa 'klizic upatApe' dhAtu kA grahaNa saMbhava hai kintu 'klizauz vibAdhane' dhAta kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| ataH usakA grahaNa karane ke lie hI 'paGaklizibhyo navA' 4/4/ 45 sUtra meM bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA ho aisA mAlUma detA hai / A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI, dvitIya aMza kI anityatA kA svIkAra karate nahIM hai| unakA kahanA hai ki 'dvitIya aMza kI anityatA ke kAraNa 'prAjJazca' 5/1/79 sUtra meM 'daH' zabda kI anuvRtti se 'dA' saMjJaka dhAtuoM kA grahaNa na karake, 'kevala dA rUpa' dhAtuoM kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai aura isI lie vRtti meM 'dArUpameva grAhyaM' aisA spaSTa vidhAna kiyA hai jo isI nyAyAMza kI anityatA kA jJApana karatA hai|' zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI yaha bAta upayukta nahIM hai kyoMki jJApaka kevala apanI sArthakatA ke lie nahIM hotA hai, kintu usakA phala anyatra bhI prApta hotA hai / yahA~ jo jJApaka hai vaha kevala apanI sArthakatA hI siddha karatA hai kintu anyatra isakA phala prApta nahIM hotA hai / kintu 'jJA' dhAtu ke sAhacarya se hI 'dArUpa' dhAtuoM kA grahaNa siddha ho sakatA hai| - zrIhemahaMsagaNi, isI nyAya ke nyAsa meM isI saMbhavita tarka kA pratikAra karate hue batAte haiM ki yadi kevala 'jJA' dhAtu ke sAhacarya se hI 'daH' zabda se 'dA' rUpa dhAtuoM kA grahaNa hotA to 'gApAsthAsAdAmAhAkaH' 4/3/96 sUtrameM bhI 'gA' - Adi dhAtuoM ke sAhacarya se vahA~ bhI kevala 'dA' rUpa dhAtuoM kA hI grahaNa hogA kintu vahA~ 'dA' saMjJaka dhAtuoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / yadi yahI nyAyAMza nitya hotA to sAhacarya se bhI koI pharka nahIM paDatA arthAt yadi 'azabdasaMjJA' aMza nitya hotA to 'jJA' dhAtu kA sAhacarya hone para bhI 'daH' zabda se 'dA' saMjJaka dhAtuoM kA hI grahaNa hotaa| ataH 'dArUpameva grAhyaM' aisA vidhAna yahI nyAyAMza kI anityatA kA jJApaka hai / 'kAtantra' kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti meM, bhRtau karmazabde' (kA.4/3/24 ) sUtra meM sthita 'zabda' zabda ko isI nyAya kA jJApaka batAyA hai / yadi isI sUtra meM 'zabda' zabda ko nahIM rakhA gayA hotA to, 'karma' rUpa saMjJA se nirdiSTa sabhI zabdoM meM isI sUtra kI pravRtti hotI / arthAt 'zabda' zabda se yahI karmasaMjJAbhinna kevala karmazabda meM hI isI sUtra kI pravRtti hotI hai / zAkaTAyana, cAndra aura jainandra meM yahI nyAya paribhASA ke rUpa saMgRhIta haiM /

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 2) // 2 // susarvArddhadikzabdebhyo janapadasya // jisa ke pUrvapada meM ( pUrva meM ) su, sarva, arddha yA dikazabda ho aura uttarapada meM ( uttara meM ) 'janapadavAci' zabda ho to, 'janapadavAci' zabda se jo vidhi hotI vahI vidhi aise zabdoM se bhI hotI hai| jo zabda dizAvAcaka zabda ke rUpa meM prasiddha/pracalita/rUDha ho, vahI zabda anya artha meM prayukta hone para bhI dizAvAcaka zabda ke sAtha sAdRzya /samAnarUpatA, hone ke kAraNa ise 'dikzabda' kahate haiM / kintu kevala 'dik' kahane se kevala dizA artha meM hI prayukta zabda liyA jAtA hai / aisA na ho kintu anya artha meM prayukta dizAvAcaka zabdoM kA saMgraha karane ke lie isI nyAya meM kevala 'dik' zabda na dekara 'dikzabda' kA prayoga kiyA hai / udA. - 'prabhRtyanyArthadikzabdabahirArAditaraiH' 2/2/75 / yadi kevala dizA artha meM hI prayukta zabda kA saMgraha karanA ho to kevala 'diz (dik)', zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hotA / udA. 'dizo rUDhyAntarAle' 3/1/25. isI nyAya kA artha isa prakAra hai -:'janapadavAci' zabda se jo vidhi batAyI hai, vahI vidhi su, sarva, arddha aura dikzabda ke sAtha prayukta 'janapadAnta' zabda se bhI hotI hai| [grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH // 18 // 2 // nyAya kA yaha apavAda hai / isa prakAra, agalA nyAya RtorvRddhimadvidhAvavayavebhyaH // 3 // bhI grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH // 18 // 2 // kA apavAda hai|] udA. 'magadheSu bhavo mAgadhikaH' Adi meM jaise akaJ pratyaya hotA hai vaise 'sumagadheSu, sarvamagadheSu, ardhamagadheSu, pUrvamagadheSu bhavaH sumAgadhakaH sarvamAgadhakaH ardhamAgadhakaH pUrvamAgadhakaH' Adi meM bhI 'su, sarva, ardha, dikzabda' jisa ke pUrva pada meM hai, aise 'janapadAntavAci' zabda se bhI 'bahuviSayebhyaH' 6/3/45 sUtra se 'akaJ' pratyaya hotA hai| ___ 'sumAgadhakaH' Adi tIna zabdoM meM 'susarvArdhAd rASTrasya' 7/4/15 se aura pUrvamAgadhakaH' zabda meM 'amadrasya dizaH' 7/4/16 se uttarapada ke Adyasvara kI vRddhi hotI hai| ___'su, sarva, ardha, dikazabda' se para Aye hue 'janapadavAci' zabda se hI yaha vidhi hotI hai, aisA kyoM ? uparyukta zabda se bhinna zabda pUrvapada meM Ane para yaha vidhi nahIM hotI hai / udA. RddhamagadheSu bhavaH ArdhamagadhaH / yahA~ bhave' 6/3/123 sUtra se 'aN' pratyaya hI hotA hai| kintu 'bahuviSayebhyaH' 6/3/45 sUtra se akaJ pratyaya nahIM hotA hai kyoMki 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' // 18 // nyAya 'tadantavidhi' kA niSedha karatA hai| ___ 'susarvAddhArdu rASTrasya' 7/4/15 evaM 'amadrasya diza': 7/4/16 sUtra dvArA uttarapada ke Adyasvara kI vRddhi kA vidhAna isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / isI sUtra dvArA/se uttarapada ke AdyasvarakI vRddhi, 'bahuviSayebhyaH' 6/3/45 Adi sUtra dvArA 'sumagadha' Adi zabda se 'jit-Nit' pratyaya Ane ke bAda hI hotI hai / yadi vaha 'jit-Nit' pratyaya, 'sumagadha' Adi 'janapadAntavAci' hone ke kAraNa, 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' // 18 // nyAya se na hote to ye vRddhi-sUtra nirviSayaka ho jAte, ata:

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nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa ) 8 aise sUtra banAne kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thI kintu aise sUtra kA astitva isa bAta kA jJApaka hai ki 'su, sarva' Adi zabda se yukta 'janapadAntavAci' arthAt rASTravAcyanta zabda se 'akaJ' Adi pratyaya karate samaya, prastuta 'susarvArddha-' nyAya se 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH // 18 // nyAya bAdhita hotA hai, ata: aise zabda se 'jit- Nit' pratyaya nirvighna A sakate haiM isI hetu/bhAva se ina vRddhi sUtroM kI racanA kI gaI hai| yaha nyAya aura isake bAda kA nyAya, ( donoM nyAya) nitya haiM ataH jahA~-jahA~ usakI prApti hai vahA~-vahA~ avazya isakA upayoga hotA hai / yahA~ 'zobhanA magadhAH sumagadhAH ' zabda meM 'suH pUjAyAm' 3/1/44 se tatpuruSa samAsa hotA hai / 'sarve ca te magadhAH sarvamagadhAH' zabda meM 'pUrvakAlaikasarvajaratpurANanavakevalam' 3/1/97 se karmadhAraya samAsa, 'magadhAnAmarddham arddhamagadhAH ' zabda meM 'sameM'ze'rddha navA' 3 / 1 / 54 se aMzitatpuruSa samAsa, aura 'pUrvo'zo magadhAnAm pUrvamagadhAH ' zabda meM 'pUrvAparAdharottaramabhinnenAMzinA' 3/1/52 se aMzitatpuruSa samAsa hogA tathA 'pUrva' zabda ko dizAvAci aura avayavavAci mAnane para 'pUrvAzca te magadhAzca' isa prakAra vigraha karane para, 'digadhikaM saMjJAtaddhitottarapade' 3 / 9 / 98 sUtra se taddhitapratyaya ke viSaya meM karmadhAraya samAsa hogA aura jaba isa prakAra karmadhAraya samAsa hogA taba 'pUrva' Adi zabda mukhyatayA dizA arthavAcI hone para bhI una dizAoM meM Aye hue pradezavAcI bhI hone se, ve avayavavAci kahe jAyeMge aura avayava kA avayavI meM abheda upacAra karane para vaha dezavAcI bhI kahA jAegA aura jaba 'pUrvasyAM magadhAH pUrvamagadhAH ' isa prakAra samAsa hogA taba 'pUrvA' zabda kevala digvAci hogA aura 'sarvAdayo'syAdau' 3/2/61 se 'pUrvA' zabda kA puMvadbhAva hogA tathA, 'teSu bhavaH pUrvamAgadhakaH' hogA / isa prakAra uparyukta saba prayoga meM 'pUrva' zabda ko, isa nyAya kI vRtti anusAra 'dikzabda ' kahA jAtA hai / vRttikAra 'dikzabda' kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karate haiM / "jo zabda pahale digvAci ho kintu prayoga meM dizA se bhinna arthameM arthAt deza yA kAla artha meM prayukta ho, use 'dikzabda' kahA jAtA hai / ataH yadi isa nyAya meM kevala 'diz' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hotA to aise dezavRtti yA kAlavRtti dizAvAcaka zabdoM kA saMgraha nahIM ho sakatA, ataH isa nyAya meM 'dikzabda' zabda rakhA hai / aura A. zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM ' prabhRtyanyArthadikzabdabahirArAditarai: ' 2/2/75 sUtra kI vRtti meM aisA batAyA hai / aba prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki 'diz' zabda se kevala dizAvAci zabdoM kA hI grahaNa hotA hai, to 'dizo rUDhyAntarAle 3/1/25 meM rUDhi zabda kyoM rakhA hai ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate huA. zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM, isI sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM batAyA hai ki 'rUDhigrahaNaM yaugikanivRtyartham tena aindrayAzca kauberyAzca yadantarAlam iti vAkyameva' / saMkSepa meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM tIna prakAra ke dizAvAcaka zabda haiM / 1. 'dikzabda' se jisa kA grahaNa hotA hai, jo pahale dizAvAci thA kintu prayoga meM vaha dizAvAci na ho / 2. kevaladizAvAci zabda, jo kevala dizA artha meM hI prayukta hote

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.2) haiM, aise zabda do prakAra ke hote haiM (a) rUDha-dizAvAci zabda aura (ba) yaugika dizAvAci shbd| ataH kevala 'diz' zabdakA prayoga karane para, yaugika aura rUDha donoM prakAra ke dizAvAci zabdoM kA prayoga hogA, ataH kevala rUDha dizAvAci zabda lene ke lie rUDhi' zabda kA prayoga anivArya hai| A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne, 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM batAye hue isI nyAya ke jJApaka 'susarvArdhAda rASTrasya' 7/4/15 aura 'amadrasya dizaH' 7/4/16 sUtra meM batAye hue, uttarapada kI vRddhi saMbaMdhI vidhAna ke jJApakatva kI vizeSa rUpa se carcA kI hai| unhoMne tarka se jisa prakAra se khaMDana-maMDana kiyA hai, usI prakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bhI, 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI bRhadvatti ke nyAsa meM bhI khaMDana-maMDana kiyA hai / unhoMne aisA bhI kahA hai ki "isa prakAra 'madrAd aJ' 6/3/24 sUtra ko 'purAtana nyAyavRtti' meM, isI nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM batAyA hai kintu 'madrAd aJ' 6/3/24 sUtra kevala 'dikzabdebhyo janapadasya' aMza kA hI jJApaka banatA hai lekina saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApaka banatA nahIM hai aura hamAre dvArA/zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke dvArA batAyA haA jJApaka saMparNa nyAya kA jJApaka hai, ataH 'madrAda aJ' 6/3/24 sUtra ko isI saMpUrNa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai| A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa abhiprAya ko svIkRti dI hai / donoM dvArA kI gaI vicAraNA samAna hai kintu zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA kI gaI carcA sarala aura saMkSipta hai| isI nyAya ko 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH // 18 // ' nyAya kA apavAda ginA jAya yA nahIM usakI vicAraNA, jisa prakAra A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne kI hai vaise zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bhI, isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM, isakI vicAraNA kI hai aura siddha kiyA hai ki yaha nyAya 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' // 18 // nyAya kA apavAda hI hai aura vaha bahuta sarala aura spaSTa zabdoM meM isa prakAra hai| 'grahaNavatA nAmnA'-nyAya kA prasaMga upasthita hone para hI yaha nyAya, usakA apavAda bana sakatA hai / jahA~ para sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se vizeSa zabdoM kA nirdeza kara unase koI vizeSa vidhi karane kA vidhAna kiyA ho, vahA~ hI 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhi // ' nyAya upasthita hotA hai / udA. 'dantapAdanAsikA'- 2/1/101 kintu yahA~ 'bahuviSayebhyo rASTravAcinAmabhyaH' isa prakAra sAmAnyatayA hI vidhAna kiyA hai ataH 'sumAgadhakaH' Adi meM 'grahaNavatA nAmnA-' nyAya kA prasaMga, kaise upasthita hotA hai ? isake uttara meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki bahuvacana meM hI prayoga honevAle 'rASTravAci' nAma parigaNita arthAt maryAdita saMkhyA meM hI haiM- jaise 'aGga, baGga, vRji, madra, magadha, pAJcAla' ityAdi niyata hI haiM, ataH sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se ina saba zabdoM ko batAyA nahIM hai tathApi ina sabako batAye hue mAnanA caahie| ataH yahA~ para bhI 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' // nyAya kI upasthiti hotI hai| aura isI taraha se isa nyAya ke bAda AnevAle nyAya meM bhI 'bhartusandhyAderaNa' 6/3/89 sUtra meM batAye hue nakSatravAci, RtuvAci, aura sandhyA-Adi zabdoM kI parigaNanA nahIM ki gaI hai tathApi inako parigaNita hI mAnanA cAhie aura vahA~ bhI 'grahaNavatA nAmnA-' nyAya kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hI hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM isa nyAya ko ' yena vidhistadantasya ' [ pA. sU. 1/1/72 ] sUtra ke vArtika 'samAsapratyayavidhau pratiSedhaH' se prApta niSedha ke apavAda svarUpa banAye hue 'susarvAddha: dikzabdebhyo janapadasya' vArtika ke rUpa meM hone se jJApaka ityAdi batAyA nahIM hai| aura paribhASenduzekhara meM spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai ki 'grahaNavatA nAmnA-' nyAya, 'samAsapratyayavidhau pratiSedhaH ' vArtika kA hI kevala anuvAda hai 1 10 yaha nyAya bhoja, jainendra aura haimavyAkaraNa ke alAvA anya koI bhI paribhASAsaMgrahavRtti meM upalabdha nahIM hai / // 3 // RtorvRddhimadvidhAvavayavebhyaH // pUrvapada meM, uttarapada meM Aye hue RtuvAcaka zabda ke avayavarUpa zabda hone para, RtuvAcaka zabda se jo vidhi hotI hai, vahI vidhi usI RtuvAcaka zabdAnta zabda se hogI / yadi usI zabda ke bAda vRddhimAn pratyaya AyA ho / jisa pratyaya kA nimitta pAkara, prakRti ke svara kI vRddhi hotI hai, aise Jit - Nit pratyayoM ko yahA~ vRddhimAn pratyaya mAne jAte haiM / RtuvAcaka zabda se Jit Nit pratyaya Ane para jo vidhi hotI hai, vahI vidhi avayavavAcaka pUrvapadavAle RtuvAcakAnta zabdoM meM bhI hotI hai / ataH jaise 'varSAsu bhavaM vArSikaM' meM kevala varSA zabda se 'varSAkAlebhyaH ' 6/3/80 sUtra ika hotA hai vaise 'pUrva: prathamo'vayavo varSANAM pUrvavarSA' zabda meM 'pUrvAparAdharottaramabhinnenAMzinA' 3/ 1/52 sUtra se aMzitatpuruSa hone para yA ' pUrvAvayavayogAt pUrvAH prathamAH pUrvAzca tA varSAzva pUrvavarSA' zabda meM 'pUrvAparaprathama- carama- jaghanya-samAna-madhya-madhyama-vIram ' 3/1/103 sUtra se karmadhAraya samAsa hone para 'pUrvavarSAsu bhavaM pUrvavArSikam ' meM varSAnta zabda se bhI 'varSAkAlebhya: ' 6/3/80 sUtra se varSA lakSaNa 'ikaN' pratyaya hotA hai aura 'aMzAdRto: 7 / 4 / 14 sUtra se uttarapada ke Adya svara kI vRddhi hotI hai / ThIka usI taraha, jaise 'zizire bhavaM zaiziram' Adi meM kevala RtuvAcaka zabda se 'bhartusandhyAderaN' 6/3/89 se RtulakSaNa aN hotA hai, vaise 'pUrvazizire bhavam, pUrvazaiziram' Adi meM Rtvanta zabdoM se bhI ' bhartusandhyAderaN 6 / 3 / 89 sUtra se RtulakSaNa 'aN' pratyaya hogA, aura pUrva kI taraha 'aMzAdRto: ' 7/4/14 se uttarapada ke Adya svara kI vRddhi hogI / 'vRddhimadvidhA' hI kyoM ? yadi ' vRddhimad' pratyaya para meM na ho to RtuvAcaka zabda ke avayava svarUpa pUrvapadayukta Rtvanta zabda se vahI pratyaya ( Jit Nit bhinna yA avRddhimat pratyaya) nahIM hotA hai | udA. 'prAvRSa eNyaH' 6 / 3 / 92 sUtra se honevAlA 'eNya' pratyaya kevala prAvRS zabda se hI hotA hai kintu prAvRS antavAle, pUrvaprAvRS zabda se nahIM hogA arthAt 'pUrvaprAvRSi bhavaH pUrvaprAvRSeNyaH' aisA prayoga nahIM hogA / kyA avayavavAcaka pUrvapada honA jarUrI hai ? 'pUrvA RtvantarairvyavahitAzca tA varSAzca pUrvavarSAH ' yahA~ pahale batAyA usI prakAra se karmadhAraya samAsa hogaa| bAda meM 'pUrvavarSAsu bhavaM paurvavarSikam ' aura

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 3 ) 11 usI taraha 'paurvazizirakam' hogA / yahA~ donoM prayogoM meM 'varSAkAlebhya:' 6/3/80 se 'kAla' artha meM honevAlA 'ikaN' pratyaya hogA, kintu varSAlakSaNa arthAt varSA zabda se honevAlA ikaN pratyaya nahIM hogA / yahA~ 'pUrva' zabda Rtu (varSA) ke avayava kA sUcaka nahIM hai, ataH 'aMzAdRto:' 7/ 4/14 se uttarapada kI vRddhi nahIM hotI hai kintu 'vRddhiH svareSvAderjjiti taddhite' 7/4/1 se pUrvapada kI vRddhi hogI / isI nyAya kA jJApana 'aMzAhato: ' 7/4/14 sUtra svarUpa vRddhi vidhAna se hotA hai kyoMki isa sUtra meM hI kahA gayA hai ki pUrvapada meM aMzavAcaka zabda ho aura uttarapada meM RtuvAcaka zabda ho to, RtuvAcaka zabda ke Adyasvara kI vRddhi hotI he / vaha isa prakAra -:' aMzAdRto: ' 7/4/14 se honevAlI uttarapadakI vRddhi, 'varSAkAlebhyaH' 6/3/80 aura 'bhartusandhyAderaN' 6/3/89 se vihitat- Nit pratyaya hone ke bAda hI hotI hai / vahI 'Jit Nit' pratyaya, yadi 'pUrvavarSA' Adi zabdoM se ve Rtvanta hone ke kAraNa 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH || 18 ||' nyAya se niSedha hone se, na hote to 'aMzAdRto: ' 7 / 4 / 14 sUtra nirviSaya arthAt vyartha bana jAtA hai / vahI sUtra vyartha ho kara jJApana karatA hai ki avayavavAcaka pUrvapadavAle Rtvanta zabda se 'JNit' pratyaya hote haiM taba isa nyAya se 'grahaNavatA nAmnA - ' nyAya bAdhita hone para nirvighnatayA 'JNit' pratyaya hote haiM aura isI kAraNa se hI yaha nyAya batAyA gayA hai / isa nyAya meM, pUrva nyAya meM batAyA hai isa prakAra se 'pUrvA' aura 'varSA' zabdoM kA 'varSANAM pUrvo bhAgaH pUrvavarSAH, tAsu bhavaM pUrvavArSikam' meM 'pUrvAparAdharottaramabhinnenAMzinA' 3/1/50 se aMzitatpuruSa samAsa hogA / aura jaba zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai usI prakAra se 'pUrvAzca tA varSAzca, pUrvavarSA:' meM karmadhAraya samAsa hogA taba bhI yadi 'pUrvA' zabda avayavavAcaka hogA to, isa nyAya se 'varSAkAlebhya:' 6/3/80 se 'ikaN' pratyaya hokara 'pUrvavArSikam' banegA aura vahA~ ' pUrvAparaprathamacarama-jaghanya-madhya-' 3/1/103 se samAsa hotA hai / ThIka usI taraha 'pUrvazizira' zabda meM bhI 'aMzitatpuruSa' aura 'karmadhAraya' donoM meM ' bhartusandhyAderaN' 6/3/89 se ' bhava' artha meM aN pratyaya hogA aura 'pUrvazaiziram' banegA / A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa bAta kA khaMDana kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki 'pUrvA' aura 'varSA' zabdoM kA jaba 'pUrvAparaprathamacarama ' - 3/1/103 se karmadhAraya samAsa hogA taba 'pUrva' zabda pUrvAvayatrasambandhanimittaka hai kintu vastutaH avayavavAcaka nahIM hai| ataH usameM avayavatva AtA nahIM hai isalie usase tadantavidhirUpa 'varSAkAlebhyaH ' 6/3/80 se 'ikaN' pratyaya bhI nahIM hogA / kintu unakA yaha tarka ucita nahIM hai kyoMki A. zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne jisa prakAra se, karmadhAraya samAsa meM 'pUrva' Adi zabdoM kA avayavatva batAyA hai ThIka usI prakAra se zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bhI usako svIkAra kiyA hai| usake pramANa ke rUpa meM itanA batAnA paryApta hai ki, svayaM zrIhemacandrAcAryajI dvArA banAyI gaI zrIsiddhahemabRhadvRtti meM ' aMzAdRto: ' 7/4/14 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'pUrvAsu varSAsu bhavaH pUrvavArSikaH ' isa prakAra se samAsa batAyA hai aura yahA~ bhI unhoMne 'pUrva' zabda ke avayavatva kA svIkAra kiyA hai /

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12 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) dUsarI bAta pUrvAsu RtvantarairvyavahitAsu varSAsu bhavaH paurvavArSikaH' prayoga meM jo 'kAlalakSaNa ikaNa' pratyaya kiyA hai, usako zrIlAvaNyasUrijI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, kintu yaha bAta sirpha zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne hI batAyI hai, aisA nahIM hai / A. zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne bhI 'aMzAhatoH' 7/4/14 kI vRtti meM bhI isa prakAra batAyA hai, ataH hameM bhI isako svIkAra karanA cAhie kyoMki antatogatvA pratyeka sUtrakAra lakSya kI siddhi karane ke lie hI prayatna karate haiM tathA unake samaya meM aura unake pUrva bhI isa taraha ke prayoga pracalita hoMge ataH una sabakA saMgraha karanA jarUrI hone se 'pUvavarSA' zabda se 'kAlalakSaNa ikaN' pratyaya kiyA hai kyoMki nyAsa meM batAyA hai usI taraha 'grahaNavatA nAmnA - // 18 // ' nyAya kI prApti nahIM hai, tathA 'tadantavidhi' kA niSedha bhI nahIM hotA hai; isalie 'ikaN' pratyaya hotA hai, kintu 'aMzAhatoH' 7/4/14 se uttarapada kI vRddhi nahIM hotI hai kyoMki vahA~ 'pUrva' Adi zabda aMzavAcaka nahIM hai| saMkSepa meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI sirpha 'varSA' zabda ko kAlavAcaka mAnate haiM kintu 'pUrvavarSA' zabda ko kAlavAcaka nahIM mAnate haiM, jabaki zrIhemacandrAcAryajI 'pUrvavarSA' zabda ko bhI kAlavAcaka mAnate haiN| pANinIya paramparA meM yaha nyAya, 'yena vidhistadantasya' [ pA.sU. 1/1/69] ke vArtika 'samAsapratyayavidhau pratiSedhaH' ke apavAda svarUpa aura usake dvArA niSiddha 'tadantavidhi' ke pratiprasava rUpa meM banAye hue vArtika ke rUpa meM hai, ata: vahA~ para koI jJApakaM kI apekSA nahIM hai / pUrva ke - susarvArddha - nyAya aura isI nyAya kA phala donoM paraMparA meM samAna hI hai / bhoja vyAkaraNa aura haima vyAkaraNa ke alAvA anya kisI bhI paramparA meM isa siddhAMta kA nyAya (paribhASA) ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| // 4 // svarasya hasvadIrghaplutAH // hasva, dIrgha, pluta Adeza svara ke hI hote haiM / husva, dIrgha aura pluta Adeza svara ke hI hote haiM kintu vyaJjana ke nahIM hote haiN| hasva, dIrgha, pluta, Adeza, kahA~ para (kina ke) hote haiM yaha spaSTa rUpa se batAyA nahIM hai, ataH svara kI taraha vyaJjana ke sthAna para bhI isva, dIrgha, pluta Adeza hone kI saMbhAvanA hai, usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. saha zriyA sazri kulam / yahAM 'zrI' ke 'I' kA 'klIbe' 2/4/97 se hrasva i hogA, kintu vyaJjana kA isva nahIM hogA / udA. tat / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'klIbe' 2/4/97 se 'tat' ke t kA ('lavarNa, tavarga, la' aura 'sa' dantya hone se) Asanna hrasva 'lu' hotaa| 'pratyaJcanti iti kvipi pratyaJcaH tAn prtiicH'| yahA~ 'acc prAgdIrghazca' 2/1/104 sUtra se 'ac' kA 'ca' Adeza hone para 'prati' kA 'i' dIrgha hogA, kintu 'dRSadamaJcanti iti kvipi, tAn dRSaccaH' meM 'acc prAgdIrghazca' 2/1/104 se 'ac' kA 'ca' Adeza hone ke bAda pUrva ke 'd' kA

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.4) Upara batAye hue tarIke se Asanna 'lU' nahIM hogA / 'he caitra 3 ehi / ' yahA~ 'a kAra' kA 'dUrAdAmantryasya gururvaiko'nantyo'pi lanRt' 7/4/99 sUtra se 'pluta' Adeza hogA, bAda meM 'pluto'nitau' 1/2/32 se 'asandhi' hogI / isva' aura 'dIrgha' sambandhI vidhi meM prAyaH sarvatra 'sthAnI' kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai, ataH 'isvavidhi aura 'dIrghavidhi sarvatra 'svara' sambandhI hI hotI hai tathA 'svara' rUpa sthAnI anukta hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / 'pluta' aMza meM koI jJApaka sUtra nahIM hai kyoMki 'plutavidhi' ke sUtra 'sammatyasUyAkopakutsaneSvAdyAmantryamAdau svareSvantyazca plutaH' 7/4/89 sUtra meM 'svara' rUpa sthAnI ukta hI hai, to isa nyAya meM 'pluta' kA vidhAna kyoMkiyA ? hasva, dIrgha ke sAhacarya mAtra se hI yahA~ 'pluta' kA grahaNa kiyA hai / yahA~ udAharaNa dene kI bhI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI kintu 'pluta' kA sthAna rikta na raha pAye, isa lie hI udAharaNa diyA hai yA to anya vaiyAkaraNa, jinhoMne isa nyAya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue, yadi 'plutavidhi' sUtra meM 'svara' rUpa sthAnI kA grahaNa na kiyA ho, una ke matAnusAra / abhiprAyAnusAra 'pluta' ke aMza meM sthAnI kA anupAdAna batAnA hai / ye saba nyAyasUtra bhinna-bhinna vyAkaraNa aura vaiyAkaraNa ke lie sarvamAnya haiM, ata: isa nyAya meM 'pluta' kA grahaNa anarthaka nahIM hai| yaha nyAya, 'SaSThyAntyasya' 7/4/106 paribhASA kA apavAda hai yA anya koI paribhASA kA apavAda hai yA to svataMtra paribhASA (nyAya) hai, isake bAre meM A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne vistRta vivecana karake siddha kiyA hai ki yaha paribhASA (nyAya) 'SaSThyAntyasya' 7/4/106 yA anya koI bhI paribhASA kA apavAda nahIM hai kintu svataMtra paribhASA hI hai aura jahA~ jahA~ sUtra meM sthAnI 'svara' ukta na ho, vahA~ hasva, dIrgha Adi Adeza, svara ke hI hote haiM, aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai / isa nyAya ke pradeza arthAt kahA~-kahA~ isakA upayoga hotA hai, usakI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'kecittu' zabda dvArA zrIhemahaMsagaNi aura anya kA abhiprAya batAte hue kahA hai ki 'pratakSya' Adi prayoga meM arddhamAtrAvAle do vyaJjana ikaTThe ho kara, eka mAtrA hone para hasva saMjJA ho sakatI hai kintu hrasva saMjJA bhI svara kI hI hotI hai aisA isa nyAya se sUcita hone se 'kSa' meM ekamAtratva hone para bhI hasva saMjJA nahIM hogI aura husva saMjJA nirdiSTa 'hasvasya taH pitkRti' 4/4/113 se 't' kA Agama nahIM hogA / tathA 'titau' jaise zabda meM a tathA u rUpa svarasamudAya meM dvimAtratva hone para bhI dIrgha saMjJA nahIM hogI aura 'titaucchatrama' jaise prayoga meM dIrghasaMjAnirdiSTa 'anAGamAGo dIrghAd vA ccha:' 1/3/28 se cha ke dvitva meM vikalpa nahIM hogA kyoMki isa nyAya meM 'svarasya' zabda meM ekavacana prayukta hai, ataH eka hI varNa meM isvatva, dIrghatva, yA plutatva guNa AtA hai kintu varNasamudAya meM isvatva Adi koI guNa nahIM AtA hai / yaha bAta zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke nyAsa meM isa nyAya ke phala svarUpa batAyI hai| jabaki dUsare kucheka kahate haiM ki isa nyAya kA kSetra jahA~ sthAnI anukta hai aise hUsvAdi vidhAyaka sUtra hI haiM arthAt jahA~ hUsvAdi Adeza honevAle haiM kintu sthAnI batAyA na ho vahA~ svara

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14 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) ko hI sthAnI mAnA jAya, kintu vyaJjana ko sthAnI na mAnA jAya / isa prakAra hUsvAdi vidhAyaka sUtra meM hI isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA hai, yaha bAta, isa nyAya kI vRtti se bhI spaSTa hotI hai / ataH 'pratakSya' meM 'ta' kA Agama aura 'titaucchatram' meM dvitva ke vikalpa hasvAdi vidhAna viSayaka nahIM hai kintu hUsvAdi saMjJA nirdiSTakAryaviSayaka hai, ataH ina prayogo meM isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA kI carcA karanA vyartha hai| kucheka ke matAnusAra/abhiprAyAnusAra isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki husvAdi saMjJAvidhAyaka vyAkaraNa ke sUtrAnusAra isva, dIrgha, pluta saMjJA svara kI hI hotI hai, kintu vyaJjana kI nahIM hotI, ata eva siddhahema ke husvAdi saMjJA vidhAyaka 'ekadvitrimAtrA husvadIrghaplutAH' 1/1/5 sUtra meM vyaJjanasamUhoM ko svarasamUha se alaga karane ke lie, pUrva ke 'audantAH svarAH' 1/ 1/4 sUtra se 'audantAH' zabda/pada kI anuvRtti kI gaI hai| tathA pANinIya paramparA meM 'UkAlo'ca isvadIrghaplutAH' [ pA.sU. 1/2/27 ] sUtra bhI isI bAta kA samarthana karatA hai| ataH isa nyAya ko hasvAdi saMjJA viSayaka bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi pANinIya paramparA meM 'nA'jjhalau' [pA.sU. .......] sUtra ke anusAra svara ko vyaJjana ke sAtha 'savarNa' saMjJA nahIM hotI hai / isI bAta kI siddhi isa nyAya se hotI hai / yadi donoM kI paraspara savarNa' saMjJA ho jAtI to, svara ke sthAna meM vyaJjana aura vyaJjana ke sthAna meM svara hone kI Apatti A jAtI, isa Apatti ko, isa nyAya se dUra kI gaI hai| kintu mahAbhASya meM 'nA'jjhalau' [pA. sU. .......] sUtra kA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai, isa prakAra isa nyAya kA bhI khaMDana yA vyarthatA pratipAdita kI jA sakatI hai, kintu isa nyAya ko kevala hrasvAdi saMjJA ke viSaya ko spaSTa karanevAlA aura 'ekadvitrimAtrA'- 1/1/5 sUtra kA anuvAda hI mAnanA caahie| tathA isa nyAya kA koI viziSTa jJApaka nahIM hai, ataH ise vAcanikI paribhASA yA lokasiddha paribhASA mAnanA cAhie / ___ bhoja ke alAvA anya kisI bhI vyAkaraNa meM isakA nyAya (paribhASA) ke svarUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pANinIya paramparA meM isI artha meM 'acazca' (pA.sU.1/2/28) paribhASA sUtra hai| // 5 // Adyantavadekasmin // jahA~ eka hI varNa yA zabda ho, vahA~ vaha Adi bhI mAnA jAtA hai aura anta bhii| jahA~ eka hI varNa yA zabda/nAma ho, aura kArya 'Adi' sambandhI yA anta sambandhI karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai, vahA~ vahI varNa yA zabda ko Adi aura anta mAnakara kArya karanA cAhie / jahA~ kArya kI aprApti thI vahA~ kArya kI prApti ke lie yaha nyAya hai| [isa ke bAda kA nyAya bhI jahA~ 1. sthAnivizeSAnuktyA svaravad vyaJjanasyApi hasvAdyAdezaprasaGge pratiSedhArtho'yaM nyAyaH / /

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.5) kArya kI aprApti hai vahA~ kAryakI prApti ke lie hai|] yahA~ Adi meM Aye hue varNa sambandhI kArya isa prakAra haiN| 'IhAJcakre' Adi meM dhAtu ke Adya varNa (svara) 'guru nAmI' hai, isa lie parIkSA meM 'guru nAmyAderanRcchUrNoH' 3/4/48 sUtra se Am hogA / isa prakAra IGc gatau' dhAtu meM 'nAmI dIrgha' svara hI hai, ise bhI 'nAmyAdi' dhAtu mAnakara parokSA meM 'ayAJcakre' rUpa siddha karane ke lie 'gurunAmyAderanRcchUrNoH' 3/4/48 se 'Am' hogA / vaise nAma/zabda sambandhI kArya isa prakAra hai| 'indre' 1/2/30 sUtra meM 'saptamyA AdiH' 7/4/114 paribhASA sUtra se, 'indre' kA artha 'indra-zabda jisa ke Adi meM hai, aise zabda bAda meM/para meM Aye hoM to' karane para, laghu nyAsakAra kI isI vyAkhyAnusAra 'indrayajJa' ityAdi zabda para meM Ane para hI 'go' ke 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza hotA hai aura 'gavendrayajJa' Adi zabda banate haiM, kintu 'gavendra' Adi zabda kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, kintu isa nyAya se 'indra' zabda meM Aditva mAnakara 'go' ke 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza siddha hotA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'ya svare pAdaH padaNikyaghuTi' 2/1/102 meM 'Ni' kA varjana hai| isa sUtra meM 'Ni' kA varjana kiyA hai, vaha sUcita karatA hai ki 'Ni' ko 'svarAdi' mAnA gayA hai| yadi vaha 'Ni' kevala svara hone se, isa nyAya ke abhAva meM 'Ni' ko svarAdi mAnA gayA na hotA to prasaMgAbhAva se 'Ni' kA varjana na kiyA hotA / isa nyAya kA AdyAMza 'Adivadekasmin' anitya hone se 'Iyate' dhAtu ko 'nAmyAdiguru na mAnakara parokSA' meM 'Am' ke abhAva meM 'Iye, IyAte, Iyire' ityAdi rUpa bhI hote haiN| eka svaravAle dhAtu yA zabda ko svarAnta mAnane kI kalpanA isa prakAra hai -: jaise 'jetA' ityAdi prayoga meM dhAtu 'nAmyanta' hone se 'nAmino guNo'kGiti'4/3/1 se 'guNa' hogA, vaise 'etA' ityAdi rUpa meM bhI dhAtu kevala 'nAmI' svara rUpa hone para bhI ise 'nAmyanta' mAnakara 'nAmino guNo'kGiti' 4/3/1 se 'guNa' hogA / nAma/zabda ke sambandha meM udAharaNa isa prakAra hai / 'sarvAdeH smaismAtau' 1/4/7 sUtra meM 'sarvAdi' zabda 'syAdi' adhikAra meM AyA hai, isa lie vaha 'vizeSaNa' bana jAtA hai, ata eva 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA sUtra se, nyAsakAra kI vyAkhyAnusAra 'sarvAdyanta' aise 'paramasarva' ityAdi zabda se hI 'smai, smAt' Adi Adeza rUpa pratyaya hote haiM, kintu isa nyAya se kevala 'sarva' zabda ko bhI 'sarvAdyanta' mAnakara smai, smAt' Adi Adeza rUpa pratyaya hoMge / isa prakAra 'paramasarvasmai' ityAdi rUpa kI taraha 'sarvasmai' Adi rUpa bhI siddha hoNge| isa nyAya kA 'antaghadekasmin' aMza kA jJApaka 'hviNorapviti vyau' 4/3/15 sUtra hai| isa sUtra meM 'iN' dhAtu ke 'i' kA 'ya' karane kA vidhAna hai| 'dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyuv svare pratyaye' 2/ 1/50 sUtra se 'i' varNAnta ke 'i' kA 'iy' Adeza hotA hai / yadi 'iN' dhAtu kevala ikAra rUpa hone se ise 'ivarNAnta' na mAnA gayA hotA to 'iy' Adeza hI nahIM hotA, to 'iy' Adeza kA bAdha

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16 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) karanevAlA 'hviNoraviti vyau' 4/3/15 sUtra kyoM banAyA gayA ? kintu yahI sUtra banAyA, vaha isa bAta ko sUcita karatA hai ki yahA~ 'iN' ko ivarNAnta mAnA gayA hai, ataH 'iy' Adeza kA bAdha karane ke lie 'ripviti vyau' 4 / 3 / 15 sUtra banAyA hai / isa nyAya ke 'antavadekasmin rUpa dvitIya aMza meM koI anityatA mAlUma nahIM detI / yahA~ 'eka' zabda asahAyavAcaka mAnanA cAhie, arthAt jisa varNa yA zabda ke Age aura pIche koI bhI varNa yA zabda na ho aisA varNa yA zabda yahA~ lenA / Adi, ise kahA jAtA hai ki jisa ke pUrva meM koI bhI varNa yA zabda na ho, kintu para meM varNa yA zabda ho to, aisA varNa yA zabda 'Adi' meM rahA huA kahA jAtA hai aura jisa varNa yA zabda ke para meM koI varNa yA zabda na ho, kintu pUrva meM koI varNa yA zabda ho to, ise 'anta' kahA jAtA hai / jahA~ kevala eka hI varNa yA zabda ho, vahA~ para meM koI varNa yA zabda na hone se 'Adi' nahIM kahA jAtA hai, tathA pUrva meM koI varNa yA zabda na hone se 'anta' bhI nahIM kahA jAtA hai, ataH isa varNa yA zabda ko 'Adi' varNa yA zabda sambandhI honevAlA kArya tathA ' antya' varNa yA zabda sambandhI honevAlA kArya nahIM ho sakatA / usI kArya ( kI prApti ) ke lie yaha nyAya hai, ataH jahA~ kevala eka hI varNa yA zabda hai, vahA~ isase 'Adi' varNa yA zabda sambandhI tathA 'antya' varNa yA zabda sambandhI kArya hotA hai / aura yahI bAta pANinIya paramparA ke 'Adyantavadekasmin ' [ pA. sU. 1/1/21 ] sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM batAyI gaI hai / A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ke kathanAnusAra yaha nyAya lokasiddha hone se jJApaka kI apekSA nahIM hai tathA pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM yaha nyAya sUtra rUpa meM paThita hone se vahA~ bhI jJApaka kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai tathApi zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne jo jJApaka batAye haiM, ve isa nyAya ko adhika dRDha (sudRDha ) banAne ke lie hI haiM / mahAbhASya meM vividha / bahuta se dRSTAnta de kara yaha nyAya lokasiddha hai aisA batAyA gayA hai| isameM se eka dRSTAnta isa prakAra hai kisI vyakti ko bahuta se putra hone para hI, isameM se yaha bar3A, prathama yaha dUsarA, yaha choTA / tRtIya aisA bheda ho sakatA hai, jaba kisI vyakti ko sirpha eka hI putra hotA hai to, baDA bhI vaha, choTA bhI vaha aura ma~jhalA bhI vaha kahalAtA hai| vaise jahA~ eka hI varNa yA zabda ho, vahA~ vahI varNa yA zabda, 'Adi' bhI kahalAtA hai aura 'anta' bhI / isa nyAya ke prathamAMza ' Adivad' meM anityatA batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne kahA hai ki ' Aditva' kI kalpanA se 'I' dhAtu ko 'gurunAmyAdi' mAnakara 'parokSA' kA 'Am' Adeza hokara 'ayAJcakre' rUpa hogA kintu jaba 'I' meM Aditva nahIM mAneMge taba 'Am' Adeza nahIM hogA aura 'Iye, IyAte, Iyire' ityAdi rUpa hoNge| yaha bAta A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko mAnya nahIM haiM / ve kahate

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 5) haiM ki siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM kevala 'ayAJcakre' rUpa diyA hai, ata: 'apratiSiddhaM sammataM bhaNati' nyAya se 'Iye, IyAte, Iyire' ityAdi rUpa, sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ko mAnya haiM, aisA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai aura isake lie isa nyAyAMza ke anityatva kI kalpanA bhI nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki eka hI lakSya meM nityatva aura anityatva, donoM kI kalpanA karanA upayukta nahIM hai / jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yadyapi 'gurunAmyAde' -3/4/48 sUtra ke nyAsa meM 'Iye, IyAte, Iyire' Adi rUpa anya vaiyAkaraNa sammata haiM, aisA batAyA hai tathApi sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ko yaha rUpa sammata hI hai, aise svarUpa meM yahA~ una rUpoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| yadi AcAryazrI ko anya vaiyAkaraNa kA mata mAnya na hotA to, 'Iye, IyAte, Iyire' rUpoM ko, 'apaprayoga' yA 'asAdhu' prayoga kaha diyA hotA, jaise 'mAgha' kAvya meM 'vyathAM dvayeSAmapi medinIbhRtAm' paMktigata 'dvayeSAM' pATha, 'apapATha' hai aisA sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne 'avarNasyAmaH sAm' 1/4/15 sUtra kI vRtti meM batAyA hai| tathA zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne sAhitya meM prayukta saba prakAra ke prayogoM kA apane 'zabdAnuzAsana' meM saMgraha kiyA hai, ataH anya vyAkaraNa paramparA-sammata bhinna-bhinna prayogoM ko bhI unhoMne 'iti kecit', 'ityanye', 'ityeke' Adi zabdoM dvArA apane 'zabdAnuzAsana' meM saMgRhIta kiye haiM aura sarvamAnya yA atipracalita prayogoM ko sUtra meM bhI sthAna diyA hai / vastutaH anya vyAkaraNa se sAdhu kintu apane vyAkaraNa se asAdhu ho aise prayoga svayaM sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ko yadi mAnya na hote to ise vRtti meM bhI na dete / balki sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne sUtra meM bhI anya vyAkaraNa se siddha honevAle prayogoM ko sthAna diyA hai| udA. 'punarekeSAm' 4/1/10 / yahA~ AcAryazrI ke apane abhiprAyAnusAra aneka svaravAle dhAtu ke Adya eka svaravAle aMza kA eka bAra dvitva hone ke bAda puna: dvitva nahIM hotA hai, kintu anya vaiyAkaraNa ke matAnusAra Adya eka svaravAle aMza kA eka bAra dvitva hone ke bAda punaH dvitva hotA hai aura AcAryazrI ne isako mAnya bhI kiyA hai / saMkSepameM 'Iye' Adi prayoga AcAryazrI ko bhI aMzataH sammata hai hI kintu asammata nahIM hai| taduparAMta kucheka ke abhiprAyAnusAra 'Adi' aura 'anta' kI vyAkhyA hI badala dene para, isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahegI / unake matAnusAra 'Adi' use kahA jAtA hai jisake pUrva meM kucha na ho, aura 'antya' use kahA jAtA hai jisake bAda meM kucha na ho / isa prakAra vyAkhyA karane se jahA~ kevala eka hI varNa yA zabda hai vahA~ vaha varNa yA zabda 'Adi' aura 'anta' donoM kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra eka hI varNa yA zabda meM 'Adivad' aura 'antavad' vyavahAra loka se aura vyapadezivadbhAva se siddha ho sakatA hai tathApi vahI vyavahAra mukhya nahIM kintu gauNa hone se, 'gauNamukhyayormukhya kAryasaMpratyayaH' // nyAya se usakA niSedha hone se, isa nyAya kA kathana karanA - anivArya hai| www.jainelibrar-ol

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nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa ) zrImahaMsagaNi 'Adyantavadekasmin' kI vyAkhyA karate hue 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke 'nyAsa' meM kahate haiM ki pUrva kI vRttiyoM meM isa nyAya kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai : 'ekasminnapi satyAdyantayoriva satoH kAryaM paryAlocyate / ' isakA bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai -: jahA~ eka hI varNa yA zabda ho, kintu kArya 'tadAdi' sambandhI yA 'tadanta' sambandhI kahA ho, vahA~ usI varNa yA zabda 'Adi' aura 'antya' na hone para bhI use 'tadAdi' yA 'tadanta' sambandhI kArya hotA hai / 'anAto nazcAnta... ' 4 / 1 / 69 sUtra ke nyAsa meM bhI isI vyAkhyAnusAra dRSTAnta / udAharaNa diyA hai / jaise 'R' dhAtu ke anta meM kucha nahIM hai tathApi kucha hai aisI vivakSA karane para vaha 'RdAdi' kahalAtA hai aura jaba 'R' dhAtu ke pUrva meM kucha nahIM hone para bhI kucha hai, aisI vivakSA karane para vaha 'Rdanta' kahalAtA hai / 18 yahA~ isa prakAra 'Adyantavad' pada 'matu' pratyayAnta hai aura vaha ' mantavyam' pada rUpa kriyA kA sUcaka hai kintu vaha adhyAhAra hai / samagra artha / tAtparyArtha yaha hai ki jahA~ eka hI varNa yA zabda ho vahA~ vaha varNa yA zabda ko 'Adi' aura 'anta' sahita mAnanA cAhie / jabaki zrImahaMsagaNi apanI vyAkhyA batAte hue kahate haiM ki yahA~ 'Adyanta' pada ko 'syAderive' 7/1/52 se 'vat' pratyaya lagane para 'Adyantavad' hotA hai / ve kahate haiM ki ina donoM vyAkhyAo meM se, vidvAnoM ko jo vyAkhyA sahI lage usakA ve svIkAra kareM / kintu A. zrI lAvaNyasUrijI ne ina donoM vyAkhyAoM meM se pUrva kI vyAkhyA kA pUrNata: khaMDana kiyA hai / unake abhiprAyAnusAra 'Adyantavad' meM 'matu' pratyaya nahIM hai / jabaki dUsarI vyAkhyA ke lie ve kahate haiM ki 'Adyantavad' alaga karane para 'Adivad ekasmin' aura 'antavad ekasmin ' hotA hai / yahA~ 'Adi' aura 'anta', donoM pada prathamAnta ho aisA mAlUma detA I aura 'ekasmin ' pada saptamyanta hai / yahA~ upamAna aura upameya donoM meM samAna vibhakti honI caahie| ataH 'Adi' aura 'anta' donoM ko saptamyanta karane para 'AdAviva ekasmin' aura 'anta iva ekasmin ' karane para, 'syAderive 7/1/52 se 'vat' pratyaya hone ke bajAya 'tatra' 7/1/53 se vat pratyaya hogA jaba upamAna aura upameya meM eka samAna viziSTa kriyA kA nirdeza hotA hai taba hI 'syAderive' 7/1/52 se, 'vat' pratyaya hotA hai / yahA~ isa prakAra kA viziSTa kriyAsAmya nahIM hai, ataH 'syAderive' 7/1/52 se 'vat' pratyaya na ho kara 'tatra' 7/1/53 se kevala saptamyanta zabda se honevAlA 'vat' pratyaya hogA, ataH 'Adyantavad' ko 'vat' pratyayAnta batAyA vaha barAbara hai kintu, isake lie 'syAderive' 7/1/52 sUtra kA nirdeza kiyA vaha upayukta nahIM hai / 1 eka bAta yaha aura vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki kucheka isa nyAya ko kevala varNa sambandhI hI mAnate haiM, jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi nyAsakAra kI vyAkhyAnusAra, isa nyAya ko varNa aura zabda donoM sambandhI mAnate haiM / A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ke matAnusAra 'nyAyasaMgraha' aura siddhahema meM 'nAma' ke viSaya meM 'antavadbhAva' kA udAharaNa 'sarvasmai' diyA hai, vaha sahI hai (yadyapi merI dRSTi se vaha sahI nahIM hai / ) aura isakI samajha isI prakAra hai 'Ga' pratyaya kA 'smai' Adeza 'sarvAdeH smaismAtau' 1/4/7 se -:

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.5) hotA hai / jaise 'ata AH syAdau jasbhyAmye' 1/4/1 se vihita 'syAdi' pratyaya 'nAma' se hI hotA hai, ataH vahA~ jaise 'nAmnaH' pada adhyAhAra mAnA gayA hai, vaise yahA~ bhI 'sarvAdeH' zabda se 'nAmnaH' aura 'SaSThyantaM' donoM pada upasthita hote haiM, ataH 'sarvAdeH' aura 'nAmnaH' donoM ke bIca vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva sambandha sthApita hotA hai aura 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA se 'sarvAdi' zabda jisake antameM AtA hai aise 'paramasarva' Adi zabda se vihita 'De' pratyaya kA 'smai' Adeza hogA aura 'paramasarvasmai' Adi rUpa hoMge, ataH 'paramasarvasmai' mukhya udAharaNa hogA, jaba kI isa nyAya ke AdhAra para 'antavad ekasmin ' mAnakara kevala 'sarvAdi' zabda se bhI, jaise 'paramasarvasmai' meM 'smai' Adeza hotA hai, vaise, 'sarvasmai' Adi meM bhI 'smai' Adeza hotA hai, kintu vaha nyAya AdhArita hone se gauNa mAnA jAyegA, aisA A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM / kintu dUsarI taraha se to 'paramasarvasmai' rUpa bhI 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA se niSpanna hone se vaha bhI gauNa hI mAnA jAyegA, mukhya nahIM / jabaki 'sarvasmai' Adi rUpa meM 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA se niSpanna na hone se 'sarvasmai' rUpa mukhya banatA hai| A.zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne bhI svaracita bRhadvatti meM mukhya rUpa se 'sarvasmai, sarvasmAt' rUpa hI diye haiM aura gauNatayA 'paramasarvasmai, paramasarvasmAt', rUpa diye haiN| unhoMne ye rUpa siddha karane ke lie paribhASA kA upayoga batAyA nahIM hai / yadyapi nyAsakAra ne nyAsa meM ina rUpo kI siddhi karate hue do vikalpa prastuta kie haiM - : (1) 'syAdyAkSiptasya nAmnaH sarvAdivizeSaNAt vizeSaNena tadantavidherbhAvAt' (2) 'na sarvAdiH' 1/4/12 iti niSedhAd vA' prathama vikalpa meM Upara batAyA usI prakAra se 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA kA upayoga sUcita hotA hai / jabaki dUsarA vikalpa kahatA hai ki dvandva samAsa meM 'sarvAdi' zabda ko 'sarvAdi' nahIM mAnanA cAhie arthAt dvandva samAsa se bhinna karmadhAraya Adi samAsa meM Aye hae 'sarvAdi' zabdoM ko 'sarvAdi' nirdiSTa kArya hote haiM, ataH jaise 'sarvasmai' meM '.' kA 'smai' Adeza hotA hai vaise 'paramasarvasmai' Adi meM bhI 'De' pratyaya kA 'smai' Adeza hogA / prathama vikalyAnusAra 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA kA upayoga karane para 'sarvasmai' rUpa kI siddhi karane ke lie isa nyAya kA upayoga anivArya bana jAtA hai aura pariNAmataH 'paramasarvasmai' rUpa makhya hogA aura 'sarvasmai' rUpa gauNa hogaa| aisA na karake 'na sarvAdiH' 1/4/ 12 sUtra ke AdhAra para 'paramasarvasmai' rUpa siddha karane se A.zrIhemacandrasUrijI dvArA nirdiSTa udAharaNoM kI mukhyatA aura gauNatA susaMgata hotI hai / saMkSepa meM 'nAma' ke sambandha meM 'antavadbhAva karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 kI bRhadvRtti tathA nyAsa meM bhI 'nAma' sambandhI koI udAharaNa nahIM hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM bhI isa nyAya kA apavAda svarUpa 'vyapadezivadbhAvo'prAtipadikena' nyAya batAyA gayA hai, ataH 'nAma' ke viSaya meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai aura pariNAmataH vahA~ bhI 'sarvasmai' ityAdi rUpa hone meM koI Apatti nahIM AtI hai; koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) isI prakAra se 'Adivad ekasmin' aMza meM bhI 'nAma' kA grahaNa karanA upayukta nahIM hai| yadyapi zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai ki 'nAma' sambandhI donoM udAharaNa, nyAsakAra kI mAnyatAnusAra diye gaye haiM, kintu sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ke apane vacana inake bAre meM kyA kahate haiM, isakI jA~ca karanI hai / nyAsakAra ne jaise 'gavendra' meM 'indre' 1/2/30 sUtra se 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza kiyA hai, vaise 'gavendrayajJa' meM bhI 'saptamyA AdiH' 7/4/114 paribhASA ke AdhAra para indrAdrau zabde pare' isa prakAra sUtra kA artha karake, 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza kiyA hai| kintu bahuta vicAra karane para A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA kathana satya pratIta hotA hai kyoMki siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM 'indre' 1/2/ 30, sUtra kI vRtti meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki 'indrazabdasthe svare pare', ata: nyAsakAra kI vyAkhyAnusAra 'indrAdau zabde pare' artha karanA upayukta nahIM hai aura 'saptamyA AdiH' 7/4/114 paribhASA bhI kevala varNa sambandhI hai, 'nAma' sambandhI nahIM hai, kyoki usa paribhASA ke udAharaNa svarUpa sUtra (1) 'in GI svare luk 1/4/79 (2) dvayuktopAntyasya ziti svare 4/3/14 (3) uta aurviti vyaJjane'dveH 4/3/59 Adi kA viSaya bhI varNa sambandhI hI hai aura pratyeka udAharaNa varNa kA hI diyA gayA hai, aura 'indrazabdasthe svare pare' kahane se 'indrayajJa' zabda meM bhI 'indra' zabda sambandhI svara hone se 'saptamyA AdiH' 7/4/114 paribhASA yA isa nyAya ke binA hI 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza siddha ho sakatA hai| saMkSepa meM yaha nyAya pUrNataH varNa sambandhI hai, kintu zabda sambandhI nahIM hai tathA nyAsakAra kI vyAkhyAnusAra nAma sambandhI udAharaNa denA upayukta nahIM hai / sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ko yadi isa nyAya meM varNa ke sAtha-sAtha nAma bhI abhipreta hotA to, 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 aura saptamyA AdiH' 7/4/114 kI bRhadvRtti meM kama se kama zabda sambandhI udAharaNa to dete hI, kintu vaise udAharaNa kI aprApti se, aisA nizcaya karanA yA anumAna karanA upayukta hai aura zAyada yaha anumAna satya ke adhika nikaTa ho sakatA hai / pANinIya paramparA meM kahIM bhI yaha nyAya paribhASA ke rUpa meM batAyA nahIM hai / cAndra, kAtantra (durgasiMhakRta vRtti aura bhAvamizrakRta vRtti) kAlApa aura bhoja paramparA meM yaha nyAya hai, jabaki jainendra aura zAkaTAyana meM yaha nyAya nahIM hai| kahIM-kahIM 'vyapadezivadbhAva ekasmin' 'vyapadezivadbhAvo'prAtipadikena' svarUpa meM yaha nyAya prApta hotA hai| // 6 // prakRtivadanukaraNam // 'anukaraNa' se prakRti kI taraha kArya hotA hai| jisakA anukaraNa hotA hai, vaha 'dhAtu' ityAdi ko prakRti kahI jAtI hai, aura jo anukaraNa hai, usase prakRti kI taraha kArya hotA hai| udA. 'parivyavAt kriyaH' 3/3/27 meM dhAtu ke anukaraNa rUpa 'krI' kA dhAtuvadbhAva hone se, dhAtu sambandhI jo kArya 'saMyogAt' 2/1/52 se 'I' kA 'iy' Adeza hotA hai, vaha anukaraNa rUpa krI dhAtu se bhI hotA hai aura prakRtivad karane se sarvathA/pUrNata: Jatir Education International

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.6) dhAtutva nahIM hone se, 'tyAdi' pratyaya nahIM hotA hai, kintu 'syAdi' pratyaya hoNge| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'parivyavAt kriyaH' 3/3/27 sUtra meM prayukta 'kriyaH' rUpa hI hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'krI' kA 'kriyaH' rUpa ho hI nahIM sakatA aura yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'tadaH se: svare pAdArthA' 1/3/45 meM 'tadaH' ke sthAna para 'tasmAt' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA / yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'tasmAt' zabda kA hI prayoga karanA hotA / prathama isa nyAya kI bRhadvRtti 'nyAyArthamaJjuSA' aura 'svopajJanyAsa' dekhane se eka bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki isa nyAya kI bRhavRtti pUrNataH mila nahIM pAyI hai kintu kucha aMza bAkI raha jAtA hai kyoMki 'nyAsa' meM 'vRtti' ke viziSTa padoM kI samajha dI gaI hai / aura isa nyAya ke 'nyAsa' meM 'zabdArthAnukaraNamiti' kahakara 'zabdArthAnukaraNa' kise kahA jAtA hai isakI samajha dI gaI hai| kintu isa nyAya kI chapI huI vRtti meM kahIM bhI 'zabdArthAnukaraNam' zabda nahIM haiM / ataH sAmAnyataH aisA anumAna ho sakatA hai ki zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA viracita mUla bRhadvRtti meM 'zabdArthAnukaraNam 'zabda hogA, kintu kisI bhI kAraNa se vaha aMza lupta ho gayA hogA, aura isI kAraNa se pazcAtkAlIna pratiyoM meM isakI pratilipi nahIM huI hogii| isa nyAya ke 'anukaraNa' zabda kI samajha dete hue, zrIhemahaMsagaNi 'zabdArthAnukaraNam' aisA zabdaprayoga karate haiM / anukaraNa' zabda se 'anukArya' kI AkAMkSA utpanna hotI hai| ataH 'anukArya' arthAt 'zabda' yahA~ upasthita hotA hai| yaha bAta samajhAne ke lie 'zabdArthAnukaraNam' aura 'zabdAnukaraNam' aise do zabdaprayoga hote haiM / aura ye zabdaprayoga vivakSAdhIna haiM / jaba 'anukArya' aura 'anukaraNa' kI bhedavivakSA hotI hai taba 'zabda hai anukArya artha (vastu) jisakA, vaha 'zabdArtha' aura vaha 'zabdArtha' rUpa 'anukaraNa', 'zabdArthAnukaraNa' kahA jAtA hai / jaba abheda vivakSA hotI hai taba 'zabdAnukaraNa' meM Aye hue 'zabda' zabda meM hI 'artha' kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| yahI vAta kaiyaTa anya prakAra se prastuta karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki anukartA' kadAcit sAmAnya kA anukaraNa karatA hai, to kadAcit vizeSa kA anukaraNa karatA hai / jaba sAmAnya kA anukaraNa hotA hai taba vizeSa se honevAle kArya sAmAnya se nahIM hote haiM kyoMki sAmAnya meM prakRtitva kA abhAva mAlUma detA hai, ata: 'prakRtivadbhAva' hotA nahIM hai, aura jaba vizeSa kA anukaraNa hotA hai taba usake nimitta honevAle kArya hote haiM / udA. 'kSi' ko dhAtu bhI nahIM aura adhAtu bhI nahIM mAnakara, sAmAnya se kevala 'kSi' ke rUpa meM hI anukaraNa hotA hai / taba dhAtu sambandhI 'iy' Adeza nahIM hotA hai, kintu jaba 'nAmatva, dhAtutva' Adi ko mana meM lAkara anukaraNa hotA hai taba nAmatva ke kAraNa' 'syAdi' pratyaya aura dhAtutva ke kAraNa 'iy' Adeza bhI hogA / __ isa bAta ko anya paribhASA-vRttikAroM ne bhinna-bhinna rIti se batAyI hai| parivyavAt kriyaH' 3/3/27 meM, isa nyAya se AnevAle 'prakRtivattva' ke kAraNa 'dhAtutvanimittaka' 'iy' Adeza hotA

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22 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) hai / 'parAverje:' 3/3/28 sUtra meM 'ji' kA 'jiyaH' nahIM karane kA kAraNa batAte hue 'jainandraparibhASAvRttikAra pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkara kahate haiM ki 'prakRtivaditi vatkaraNAt keSucit sthaleSu iyaM na pravartate / ' jabaki puruSottamadeva kahate haiM ki 'viparAbhyAM je:' (pA.sU. 1/3/91) meM prakRtivadbhAva hone se 'iy' Adeza hone kI prApti hai, kintu (sautratvAt pariharaNIyA) 'sautratva' ke kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| sIradeva apanI paribhASAvRtti meM kahate haiM ki anukaraNa do prakAra ke hote haiM, eka sArthaka aura dUsarA nirarthaka / isameM yadi sArthaka anukaraNa hone para prakRtivadbhAva hotA hai aura, nirarthaka anukaraNa hone para prakRtivadbhAva nahIM hotA hai / yahA~ 'viparAbhyAM je:' (pA.sU. 1/3/91) meM nirarthaka anukaraNa hone se 'ji' meM dhAtutva kA abhAva hai, ataH 'iy' Adeza nahIM hotA hai| isa bAta kA niSedha karate hue zrI haribhAskara apanI paribhASAvRtti meM kahate haiM ki yaha 'prakRtivadbhAva' atideza hai aura vaha vaikalpika hI hai, kintu 'kriyaH' meM sArthaka anukaraNa hai isa lie dhAtutva kA vyapadeza hotA hai aura 'je:' meM nirarthaka anukaraNa hai isalie dhAtutva kA abhAva hone se 'iy' Adeza nahIM hotA hai, aisI yukti vicAraNIya hai kyoMki anukaraNa kI anukArya ke sAtha bhedAbhedavivakSA hotI hai aura usI prakAra se prAtipadika saMjJAbhAvAbhAva kA nizcaya Age kiyA hI hai| usI prakAra se yahA~ bhI ho sakatA hai| jabaki zeSAdrinAtha to isa paribhASA (nyAya) ko hI anitya mAnate haiM / ve kahate hai ki 'tatraiva adhAturiti paryudAsApravRteH prAtipadikasaMjJAmAzritya vibhiktinirdezAdanityA ceyam / ' // 7 // ekadezavikRtamananyavat // zabda ke eka aMza meM vikRti ho to usI zabda ko anyatva prApta nahIM hotA hai| zabda ke kisI eka aMza meM vaisadRzya hone para usIko/usa zabda ko anyatva prApta nahIM hotA hai arthAt use mUla zabda se bhinna nahIM mAnA jAtA hai kintu mUla zabda sadRza mAnakara mUla zabda se jo kArya hote haiM ve hI kArya 'ekadezavikRta' zabda se bhI hote haiM / sAkSAt lakSya rUpa jo zabda hai usake vaisadRzya ko dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'atIsAro'syAstItyatIsArakI' kI taraha 'atisAro'syAstItyatisArakI' meM bhI 'vAtAtIsArapizAcAt kazcAntaH' 7/2/61 se 'matvarthIya' 'in' pratyaya hogA aura 'ka' kA Agama hogA / usI prakAra se, jaise 'jarA' zabda kA 'TA' pratyaya para meM Ane para 'jaras' Adeza hotA hai vaise 'atijarasA kulena' meM bhI 'klIbe' 2/4/97 se hrasva hone ke bAda 'atijara' zabda meM Aye hue 'jara' zabda kA bhI 'jarAyA jarasvA' 2/1/3 sUtra se jaras Adeza hogA / yahA~ 'ekadezavikRta' kahA hai kintu upalakSaNa se kahIM kahIM 'anekadezavikRta' bhI 'ananyavat' hotA hai, jaise 'yami-raminami-gami-hani-mani vanatitanAdedhuTi kGiti'- 4/2/55 se 'n' kA lopa karane ke bAda 'praNihata' Adi meM 'ekadezavikRta' hI hai, kintu 'praNighnanti' Adi meM 'gamahanajanakhanaghasaH svare'naGi kGiti

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23 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.7) luk' 4/2/44 se 'a' kA lopa karane ke bAda 'hano hro naH' 2/1/112 se 'hna' kA 'na' Adeza hone se vaha 'anekadezavikRta' hogA, usakA bhI ananyavadbhAva huA hai, ata: usake para hote hue 'nemAdApatapadanadagadavapIvahIzamU cigyAti vAti drAti psAti syati hanti degdhau 2/3/79 se 'ni' ke 'na' kA 'Na' hotA hai| kintu aisA na ho aura 'han' dhAtu ke yoga se hI, 'prani' meM 'ni' ke 'na' kA 'Na' siddha kiyA jAya to isa nyAya ke upayoga kI AvazyakatA hI kyoM rahegI ? kintu 'NaSamasatpare' - 2/1/60 sUtra se 'tyAdi' pratyaya kI utpatti rUpa para kArya hote samaya 'Natva-zAstra' asadvat hone ke kAraNa vahI sUtra nirdiSTa kArya yahA~ nahIM hogA / ata eva, isa nyAya kI racanA kI gaI hai / isa prakAra, Age bhI AzaMkA aura isakA samAdhAna samajha lenA / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'sakhyurito'zAvait ' 1/4/83 sUtra hai / isI sUtra meM 'ita: 'zabda se 'sakhI' zabda ke 'IkAra ke 'aitva' kA niSedha hotA hai / yadi 'sakhyurazAvait' isa prakAra sUtraracanA kI gaI hotI to sUtra meM sAkSAt 'sakhi' zabda ke kathana ke bAvajUda bhI, isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'sakhi' zabda ke 'ikAra' ke sAtha-sAtha 'sakhI' zabda ke 'IkAra' kA bhI 'ai' ho jAtA / yaha nyAya anitya/asthira hai, usakA jJApaka 'sUra' zabda hai / 'sUra' zabda 'marttAdi' gaNapATha meM hai, tathApi ekadezavikRta 'zUra' zabda ko 'marttAditva' prApta nahIM hotA hai / kyoMki jaise 'sUra' zabda se 'marttAdibhyo yaH' 7/2/159 se svArthika 'ya' pratyayAnta 'sUrya' zabda hotA hai, vaise 'zUra' zabda se 'zUrya' zabda hotA nahIM hai kyoMki 'mAditva' ke abhAva meM 'ya' pratyaya bhI nahIM hotA hai / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'saGkhyArhadivAvibhAnizA-'5/1/102 sUtrAntargata, 'lipi' aura livi' donoM zabdoM kA grahaNa hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, donoM zabdoM kA grahaNa kisI bhI eka zabda ke grahaNa se ho jAtA / isa nyAya meM prayukta 'vikRta' zabda ke bAre meM do vibhinna mata vaiyAkaraNoM meM pracalita hai| kucheka kevala 'vaisadRzya' artha karate haiM, to kucheka 'vikAra se prApta vaisadRzya' artha bhI karate haiN| to ina donoM artha me se kauna-sA artha yahA~ lenA, yaha eka vicitra prazna hai / yahA~ 'vikRta pada' kA artha "visadRza pada' karane para yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yahA~ vaisadRza (vikRtapada) kaisA lenA cAhie ? svAbhAvika yA vikArApanna ? yadi svAbhAvika vaisadRzya artha leMge to, 'sakRt' aura 'zakRt', donoM meM paraspara 'ananyatva' AyegA, to, 'zakRt' ke 'zakan' Adeza ke sAtha-sAtha 'sakRt' zabda kA bhI 'zakan' Adeza ho jAyegA / ataH isa prakAra kA svAbhAvika vaisadRzya artha nahIM kiyA jA skegaa| yadi 'vikRta pada' kA 'vikArakRta' artha kareM to 'vikArApanna' artha choDakara 'vaisadRzya' artha karane kA kyA kAraNa ? zrIhemahaMsagaNi usakA pratyuttara dete hue isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM kahate haiM ki 'nanu vikRtamiti zabdasya........ prakRtanyAyo nirviSaya eva syAt' (pUrva kI nyAyavRttiyoM meM 'vikRta' zabda kA artha 'vikArApanna' kiyA hai, vahI artha yahA~ lenA upayukta hai tathApi Apa yahA~ 'vaisadRzya' artha kyoM karate haiM ? usakA uttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki 'vikArApanna' artha karane para,

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24 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH' nyAya se hI yahA~ nirvAha ho jAyegA, to yaha nyAya nirviSaya hI ho jAyegA, ata eva hamane ( zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne ) "vikArApanna' artha choDakara kevala vaisadRzya' artha grahaNa kiyA hai| A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa prakAra ke 'vaisadRzya' artha kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM aura prazna karate haiM ki "kyA Apane batAyA usI prakAra se, 'atijara, nirjara,' Adi zabda meM 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH' nyAya lagatA nahIM hai ?" usakA pratyutara dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate hai ki 'atijarasA kulena' prayoga bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH' nyAya se bhI siddha ho sakatA hai kintu zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne isa prayoga kI siddhi karane ke lie yahA~ 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya kA upayoga kiyA hai, ata eva hamane bhI aisA kiyA hai| ___ uparyukta bAtoM se yaha jJApita hotA hai ki 'vikRta' pada se svAbhAvika vaisadRzya grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie kintu 'vikArApanna vaisadRzya' artha karanA / yadi vikArApanna artha kiyA jAya to yahA~ nyAyavRtti ke udAharaNa 'atIsArakI, atisArakI' barAbara nahIM lagate haiM kyoMki 'vAtAtIsArapizAcAt kazcAntaH 7/2/61 sUtra meM dIrgha IkArayukta 'atIsAra' zabda kahA hai| ataH isa nyAya se 'atisAra' zabda kA grahaNa karanA upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki 'atisAra' zabda meM vikArApanna vaisadRzya nahIM hai, kyoMki 'atisAra' zabda kI siddhi karate samaya dIrgha kA hrasva nahIM hotA hai kintu hasva kA dIrgha hotA hai / ataH sUtra meM yadi hasva ikArayukta 'atisAra' zabda kA pATha kiyA hotA to, isa nyAya se dIrgha IkArayukta 'atIsAra' zabda kA grahaNa ho sakatA, kintu sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne aisA nahIM kiyA hai aura vRtti meM bhI isakA udAharaNa nahIM diyA / isase aisA anumAna ho sakatA hai ki sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ko yaha abhipreta nahIM hai| isake samarthana meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne siddhahema ke 'vivadhavIvadhAdvA 6/ 4/25 sUtra kA nirdeza kiyA hai / yahA~ ve kahate haiM ki 'vivadha' aura 'vIvadha', do meM se kisI eka kA bhI grahaNa karane se, isa nyAya se anya kA bhI grahaNa ho sakatA thA, tathApi donoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai, usase aisA sUcita hotA hai ki jahA~ dIrgha ityAdi ke vikalpa se do-do zabda banate haiM, vahA~ donoM zabdoM ko bhinna-bhinna prakRti mAnanA cAhie / yadyapi laghunyAsakAra ne 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' kahakara, 'atisArakI' udAharaNa diyA hai aura amarakoza' tathA abhidhAna cintAmaNi' meM bhI 'atisArakI' zabda diyA hai| ataH zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA yahI anumAna yahA~ upayukta nahIM lagatA hai| yahA~ zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke kathana anusAra kevala vaisadRzya artha karanA hI upayukta lagatA hai aura aisA karane para jahA~ aniSTa rUpa kI Apatti AtI ho vahA~ 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH' nyAya kA Azraya karanA cAhie, aisI hamArI apanI mAnyatA hai aura A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI dvArA nirdiSTa udAharaNa sUtra 'vivadhavIvadhAdvA' 6/4/25 ko isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka mAnanA caahie| . 1. vAtakI vAtarogI syAt, sAtisAro'tisArakI / / (amarakoza-paMkti/1192) 2. pAmanaH kaccharastulyau, sAtisAro'tisArakI / vAtakI vAtarogI syAt, zleSmaNaH zleSmala: kaphI // 360 // (abhidhAna cintAmaNi)

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prathama vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 7) 25 yadi vikRta pada kA artha zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ke nirdezAnusAra vikArApanna vaisadRzya lene para, zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA nirdiSTa anityatA kA udAharaNa "jaise 'sUra' zabda se 'marttAdibhyo yaH' 7/2/159 se svArtha meM 'ya' pratyaya ho kara 'sUrya' zabda banatA hai, vese 'zUra' zabda se bhI svArtha meM 'ya' pratyaya ho kara 'zUrya' zabda banatA nahIM hai|" upayukta lagatA nahIM hai kyoMki yahA~ 'sUra' zabda aura 'zUra' samAna arthavAle hone para bhI bhinna prakRti svarUpa hai / ataH isa nyAya se, 'sUra' zabda dvArA 'zUra' zabda kA grahaNa ho sakatA nahIM hai| yahA~ 'vikRta' pada kA artha kevala vaisadRzya lene para, yahI udAharaNa upayukta lagatA hai| isa udAharaNa ke sthAna para A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'abhIyAt' ko anityatA kA udAharaNa svarUpa batAyA hai| yahA~ 'abhi + IyAt' hai / sandhi karane ke bAda 'abhIyAt' hotA hai, aura isa prakAra sandhi hone ke bAda 'AziSINaH' 4/3/107 se hrasva nahIM hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, 'abhIyAt' ko alaga kiyA jAyegA to 'abh + IyAt' hogA aura abh' , ekadezavikRta hone se usake upasargatva ke kAraNa, 'IyAt' kA I hasva hotA / aura yaha nyAya lokasiddha hone se jJApaka kI apekSA nahIM hai / ata eva isa nyAya se kevala 'sakhyuH' kahane se, sakhI zabda kA bhI grahaNa ho sakatA thA, ise rokane ke lie 'itaH' kahanA z2arUrI hai / isa prakAra 'sakhyurito'zAvait' 1/4/63 sUtra kA 'ita:' pada sArthaka bhI hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA usI prakAra se, isa nyAya kA jJApana karane meM bhI vaha samartha hai| jahA~ prakRti rUpa zabda yA dhAtu meM AdhA yA Adhe se bhI adhika aMza meM vikRti paidA huI ho aise zabdoM meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki mUla prakRti kA bodha-karAnevAle bahuta se avayava vikRta ho jAne se mUla zabda/prakRti kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai / aise sthAnoM meM sthAnivadbhAva se nirvAha karanA caahie| aura vikRta avayava sambandhI kArya karanA ho, taba bhI isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki 'chinnapuccha zvA' meM 'zvatva' to hotA hI hai, ataH 'zvatvavAn' kA vyavahAra hotA hai kintu puccha rahita hone se 'pucchavAn' kA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra 'rAjakIya' ityAdi prayoga meM antya na kAra kA lopa hone ke bAda, vahI 'rAjan' zabda 'nAntatvavAn' nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, kintu 'nAntatva' rahita hI mAnA jAtA hai / ata eva 'nAntatva' ke kAraNa honevAlA, 'a' kA lopa 'ano'sya' 2/1/ 108 se nahIM hotA hai| dUsarI eka AzaMkA yahI hotI hai ki isa nyAya kA svIkAra karane para sthAnivadbhAvavidhAyaka paribhASA sUtra 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 vyartha hogA kyoMki isa nyAya se hI Adeza rUpa vikAra hone para bhI, sthAnivadbhAvabuddhi se kArya kA saMbhava hai| kintu aisA nahIM hai / jahA~ AdhA yA Adhe se adhika aMza meM vikRti ho aura mUla zabda kI pratIti na ho sakatI ho, aise sthAnoM meM isa 1. yahA~ zrIlAvaNyasUrijIne 'sUra' aura 'zUra' ko samAnArthaka kisa AdhAra para batAyA hai, yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA 'sUra' kA artha 'sUrya' aura 'zUra' kA artha 'zUravIra' 'prarAkramayukta' hotA hai|

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26 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) nyAya kA upayoga nahIM ho sakatA hai, ata: vahA~ 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 paribhASA kA upayoga hotA hai aura jahA~ isa nyAya aura 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 paribhASA kI pravRtti kA avakAza/saMbhava na ho vahA~ 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH // 8 // nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai / isa prakAra donoM nyAya aura paribhASA kA viSaya (pradeza ) ho aisA lagatA hai| ___ yaha nyAya paribhASA ke kSetra meM saba se prAcIna mAne jAte vyADikRta paribhASAsUcana ko choDakara sarvatra upalabdha hai / durgasiMhakRta kAtantra paribhASAvRtti meM 'na saMprasAraNe saMprasAraNam' (kA. 3/4/93) sUtra ko isa nyAyakA jJApaka batAyA hai, vaise yahA~ nyAyasaMgraha meM bhI 'yvRtsakRt' 4/1/ 102 sUtra ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| // 8 // bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH // jisakA svarUpa vartamAna meM badalA huA hai, aise zabda yA dhAtu ko, upacAra se pUrva ke svarUpayukta mAnakara kArya hotA hai / jo pUrva meM vaise svarUpayukta thA, kintu vartamAna meM usakA svarUpa badala jAne para bhI upacAra se pUrvAvasthA ke svarUpayukta mAnakara vyavahAra karanA cAhie / udA. jaise zastanI ke 'div' pratyaya para meM Ane ke bAda 'praNyahan' Adi rUpa hote haiM, vaise, sAkSAt 'han' kI upasthiti kI taraha hI adyatanI meM 'praNyavadhId' Adi meM, 'han' ke Adeza svarUpa 'vadha' meM bhI 'han' kA svarUpa mAnA gayA hai, aura vahI 'vadha' para meM Ane se, 'nemAdApatapada'-2/3/79 sUtra se 'ni' ke 'na' kA 'Natva' siddha kiyA gayA hai / isakA jJApaka 'neGrmAdApatapada'-2/3/79 sUtra meM 'vadha' dhAtu kI anupasthiti hI hai| 'praNihanti' Adi prayoga kI bhA~ti 'praNyavadhId' Adi prayoga meM bhI 'ni' ke 'na' kA 'Natva' iSTa hI hai| ataH 'han' kI taraha vadha' kA pATha sUtra meM karanA Avazyaka hai, tathApi isI sUtra meM vadha' kA pATha nahIM kiyA hai| isase jJApita hotA hai ki isa nyAya se vadha' dhAtu meM hI bhUtapUrva 'han' dhAtu ke svarUpa kA upacAra karane se, 'neGrmAdApatapada-2/3/79 sUtra se hI 'ni' kA 'Natva' siddha hone vAlA hI hai / yahI tAtparya hai| yaha nyAya kadAcit udAsIna ho jAtA hai arthAt vaha anitya hai / ata: 'vijJapayya' ityAdi prayoga meM 'mAraNa toSaNa nizAne jJazca' 4/2/30 sUtra se jisa 'jJApi' kA 'jJapi' huA hai, usI 'jJapi' meM bhUtapUrva 'jJApi' rUpa kA upacAra nahIM karane para 'laghoryapi' 4/3/86 sUtra se, laghUpAntya dhAtulakSaNa 'Ni' kA 'ay' Adeza hotA hai / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'saGkhyAnAM rNAm' 1/4/33 sUtra meM ' m' meM AyA huA bahuvacana hai kyoMki 'aSTAnAm' prayoga meM para sUtra 'vA'STana A: syAdau 1/4/52 se. prathama 'aSTana' ke 'na' kA A hogaa| bAda meM nakArAnta 'apana' zabda milatA nahIM hai, ataH bhUtapUrva nakArAnta saMkhyAvAcaka zabda se para Aye hue 'Am' kA bhI 'nAma' Adeza hotA hai, usa bAta ko jJApita karane ke lie 'm' meM bahuvacana prayukta hai| yadi yaha nyAya

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27 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.8) nitya hotA to, binA bahuvacana hI, isa nyAya ke sAmarthya se hI bhUtapUrva nakArAnta saMkhyAvAcaka zabda se para Aye hue 'Am' kA 'nAm' Adeza ho sakatA thA, to bahuvacana kA prayoga karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thI, tathApi bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA / usase sUcita hotA hai ki yaha nyAya anitya hai / 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109, 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau' 7/4/110 paribhASA sUtra bhI isa nyAya ke hI vizeSa svarUpa haiM aura ina donoM paribhASA sUtroM se anukrama se 'avarNavidhi' aura 'prAgvidhi' jahA~ hotI hai vahA~ sthAnivadbhAva kI prApti hotI hai, jabaki isa nyAya se sarvatra sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai| isa nyAya ke udAharaNa meM-'praNyahan' meM jaise 'neGrmAdApatapada-2/3/79 se 'Natva' huA hai vaise 'praNyavadhId' meM bhI 'Natva' vidhi huyI hai / 'vadha' dhAtu, 'han' kA Adeza hai / ataH isa nyAya se vaha bhI 'han' dhAtu hI kahA jAyegA aura 'han' para hone para jaise 'ni' kA 'Ni' hotA hai, vaise 'vadha' dhAtu para meM Ane ke bAda bhI 'ni' kA 'Ni' hogA / A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa udAharaNa kA svIkAra nahIM karate hai / ve kahate haiM ki yahA~ 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 paribhASA se 'Natva' ho sakatA hai| kintu 'Natva' vidhi ko yadi varNavidhi mAnI jAya to, dhAtvAdeza 'vadha' kA 'sthAnIvA'rNavidhau' 7/4/109 se sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA / ata eva 'Natva' vidhi karane ke lie 'vadha' dhAtu ko, isa nyAya se 'han' mAnanA hI paDegA / saMkSepa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA prastuta udAharaNa hamArI mAnyatAnusAra sahI pratIta hotA hai, kintu nermAdApatapada-2/3/79 sUtra meM 'vadha' dhAtu ke 'apATha' ko unhoMne isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA hai, vaha upayukta nahIM lagatA hai / 'sthAni' ke Adeza bhI sUtra meM kahanA hI cAhie aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| ata eva 'vadha' dhAta kA satra meM pATha nahIM kiyA hai, to vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? kevala Adeza meM sthAni kA AkSepa hotA hai| yadi AcAryazrI ne svayaM, 'nemAdApata da-' 2/3/79 satra kI vatti meM isa nyAya kI pravatti karake 'praNyavadhIda' prayoga kI siddhi kI hotI, taba vahI prayoga hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka ho sakatA hai kintu 'vadha' kA sUtra meM 'apATha' kadApi isa nyAya kA jJApaka ho sakatA nahIM hai aura sUtrakAra ne svayaM 'praNyavadhId' prayoga batAyA nahIM hai| ataH isa nyAya kA anya jJApaka batAnA jarUrI hai / A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ke matAnusAra 'acaH' 1/4/69 se 'RduditaH' 1/4/70 sUtra kA pRthagyoga hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / isa sUtra ke pRthag yoga kA kAraNa batAte hue A. zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne kahA hai ki 'pRthagyogo bhvAdivyudAsArthaH' vastutaH 'bhvAdi' dhAtu ke bAda 'ghuT' pratyaya AtA hI nahIM hai kyoMki dhAtu meM 'nAmatva' kA abhAva hai, aura ghuT pratyaya nAma ke bAda hI AtA hai| ataH yahA~ 'bhvAdi' kA varjana karane kA koI prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai / tathApi 'bhvAdi' dhAtuoM ko alaga karane ke lie yogavibhAga( pRthagyoga) kiyA, isase sUcita hotA hai ki 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH' nyAya se dhAtupATha meM nirdiSTa 'Rdit' aura 'udit' dhAtu, jaba 'nAma' banate haiM, taba, isI 'RduditaH' 1/4/70 sUtra

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28 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) se 'no'nta' nahIM hogA / yahA~ 'udit' dhAtu ke svara ke bAda meM 'no'nta' karane ke lie 'udita: svarAnno'ntaH' 4/4/98 sUtra hai, ataH yahA~ 'udit' dhAtu nahIM lenA cAhie kintu 'udit' zabda lenA cAhie aura usake sAhacarya se 'Rdit' dhAtu bhI nahIM liyA jAtA hai kintu zabda hI liyA jAtA hai / ata eva 'samrAT' zabda meM 'Rdit' rAj dhAtu hone para bhI isI 'Rdudita: ' 1/4/70 sUtra se 'no'nta' nahIM hotA hai / zrImahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 aura 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau ' 7/4/110, dono paribhASAe~, isa nyAya kA hI prapaJca (vistAra) hai| jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai / paribhASAe~ pratyakSa siddha hai kyoMki sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne svayaM isakA vidhAna kiyA hai / jabaki nyAya loka, zAstra, vyavahAra ityAdi se anumita hai / ataH pratyakSa siddha kA 'anumita' nyAya se bAdha karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH uparyukta donoM paribhASAe~ isI nyAya kA hI prapaJca hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / aura, jahA~ ina donoM paribhASAoM se sUtra kI pravRtti na hotI ho tathA kisI bhI prakAra kA aisA vacana yA kArya 'bhUtapUrva dharma' kA Azraya kiyA binA siddha na ho sakatA ho, vahA~ hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti karanI cAhie / aisA lagatA hai ki A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne prapaJca ko bAdha mAnakara, zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke vidhAna kA khaMDana kiyA hai / vastutaH paribhASA ko jaba lokasiddha nyAya kA prapaJca mAnA jAtA hai taba paribhASA aura nyAya ke bIca anivArya rUpa se bAdhya - bAdhaka sambandha hotA hI hai, aisA mAna lene kI jarUrata nahIM hai / yahA~ to 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau 7/4/109, aura 'svarasya pare prAgvidho' 7/4/110 donoM paribhASAe~ tathA prastuta nyAya ke (viSaya) pradeza bhinna-bhinna haiM, aisA batAkara zrIhemahaMsagaNi pratipAdita karate haiM ki mUlabhUta eka hI vicArapravAha kA yaha prapaJca hai arthAt donoM paribhASAe~ aura isa nyAya, donoM meM 'bhUtapUrvakatva' kA upacAra karane kA tattva samAna hI hai aura yaha nyAya paribhASAoM ke pradeza meM saMkoca nahIM karatA hai / dUsarI eka bAta yaha hai ki 'saGkhyAnAM rNAm' 1/4/33 meM bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai, ataH 'aSTAnAm' meM jisa 'aSTan' zabda ke 'n' kA 'vASTana AH syAdau' 1/4/53 se 'A' huA hai aise 'aSTA' se para Aye hue 'Am' kA 'nAm' Adeza hotA hai / yahAM 'SrNAm' ke bahuvacana ko isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka mAnA hai / yahA~ koI bhI aisI zaMkA kara sakatA hai ki 'aSTA' se para Aye hue 'Am' kA 'nAm' Adeza, 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya se ho sakatA hai, ataH isa ke lie isa nyAya kA upayoga aura isakI anityatA ke kAraNa se bahuvacana kA prayoga karanA ucita nahIM hai / usakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya se 'aSTA' meM 'aSTan' zabda kA 'saGkhyAvAcakatva' AtA hai, kintu 'nAntatva' AtA nahIM hai / ataH isa nyAya kA upayoga jarUrI hai aura yaha nyAya anitya hone se jaba isakI pravRtti nahIM hogI taba 'aSTA' meM 'nAntatva' nahIM AyegA / usI paristhiti meM bhI 'Am' kA 'nAm' Adeza karane ke lie 'rNAm' meM bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai /

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 9) 29 pANinIya paraMmparA meM yaha nyAya, vyADi ne 'bhUtapUrvagatiriha zAstre sambhavati' zabdoM meM diyA hai, jabaki anya pANinIya paribhASA granthoM meM 'sampratikAbhAve bhUtapUrvagatiH' zabdoM se nirdiSTa hai| // 9 // bhAvini bhUtavadupacAraH // bhaviSya meM nizcita rUpa se honevAlA kArya, vartamAna meM ho hI gayA hai, aisA mAnakara anya kArya karanA, vaha bhUtavadupacAra kahalAtA hai| bhaviSya meM nizcita rUpase honevAlA svarUpAntara, ho hI gayA hai aisA mAnakara arthAt 'bhUtavad' upacAra karake bhAvi avasthA meM honevAlA kArya karanA / jaise 'nRNAm' ityAdi prayoga meM 'pada' hone ke pazcAt hI 'raghuvarNAnno Na ekapade'nantyasyAlacaTatavargazasAntare' 2/3/63 sUtra se 'na' kA 'Na' hotA hai vaise, isa nyAya se, 'ravaNaM, takSaNaM' ityAdi prayoga meM yadyapi 'padatva' 'syAdi' pratyaya Ane ke bAda hI AtA hai tathApi bhaviSya meM utpanna honevAlA 'padatva' bhUtavad upacAra se vartamAna meM utpanna ho hI gayA hai, aisA mAnakara 'nAma' avasthA meM bhI 'ravaNa, takSaNa' Adi zabdoM meM 'na' kA 'Na' 'raghuvarNAnno Na'-2/3/63 sUtra se hI hogaa| . isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'raghuvarNAnno Na-'2/3/63 sUtra meM AyA huA 'pade' zabda hai / usI 'pade' zabda se 'pada' meM hI 'Natva' hotA hai, aisA vidhAna hone para bhI, jaise 'nRNAm' ityAdi pada svarUpa prayoga meM 'raghuvarNAnno Na-' 2/3/63 se 'na' kA 'Na' hotA hai vaise 'ravaNa, takSaNa' ityAdi 'pada' na hone para bhI 'na' kA 'Na' dekhane meM AtA hai / isase sUcita hotA hai ki 'nAma' avasthA meM 'Natva' karate samaya yaha nyAya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI sUtra meM 'pade' zabda rakhA gayA hai| yaha nyAya anitya/anaikAntika hai, ataH 'apAThIt' ityAdi prayoga meM, dhAtu ko pratyaya nimittaka anya sarva kArya karate samaya svara kI vRddhi bhI eka kArya hai, kintu usI kArya meM 'aT' bAdhaka hone se sarva kArya karane ke pazcAt 'aT' kiyA jAtA hai, arthAt anta meM sarva kArya hone ke bAda honevAle 'aDAgama' ko 'bhUtavad' na mAnakara vyaJjanAdevorpAntyasyAtaH' 4/3/47 se 'paTh' ke 'pa' meM Aye hue 'a' kI vRddhi hogI / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'aDAgama' ko 'bhUtavad' mAnakara hI 'svarAdestAsu' 4/4/31 se 'aT' kI vRddhi hotI, kintu vaha iSTa nahIM hai| yaha nyAya bhI lokasiddha hI hai / udA. 'odanaM pacati / ' (vaha bhAta/odana pakAtA hai|) isI prayoga meM vastutaH odana ko nahIM pakAyA jAtA hai kintu cAvala ko pakAyA jAtA hai, aura vaha hI 'odana' banatA hai / 'odana' zabda kevala pakAye hue cAvala ke lie hI prayukta hai aura pakAyA huA cAvala (bhAta) punaH pakAyA nahIM jAtA hai| amarakoza meM bhI 'odana' kA artha pakAyA huA anna batAyA gayA hai / [bhissA strI bhakta mantho'nnamodano'strI sa diidiviH|] kintu yahA~ cAvala (anna), bhAta (odana) honevAlA hI hai, usI bhAvi avasthA abhI ho gaI hai aisA mAnakara, isa prakAra kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai / ataH isa nyAya ke lie kisI bhI jJApaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kintu yahA~ 'raghuvarNAnno Na ekapade'nantyasyAlacaTatavargazasAntare' 2/3/63 sUtra meM 'ekapade' zabda

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30 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) sthita 'pade' zabda ko jJApaka mAnA gayA hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki jaise 'nRNAm' meM ekapada meM sthita repha, SakAra aura RvarNa se para Aye hue 'na' kA 'Na' hotA hai, vaise 'ravaNa, takSaNa' ityAdi zabda meM syAdi pratyaya Ane ke bAda hI 'padatva' AyegA, usake bAda 'na' kA 'Na' ho sakatA hai, kintu yahA~ 'ravaNa, takSaNa' ityAdi zabda meM kRt pratyaya 'anaT' hone ke bAda usameM 'nAmatva' A jAtA hai aura 'nAmatva' ke kAraNa bhaviSya meM avazya usI zabda se "syAdi' pratyaya Ane para 'padatva' prApta hogA hI, aisA isa nyAya se mAnakara 'nAma' avasthA meM hI, usake 'na' kA 'Na' kiyA jAtA hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa jJApaka ko mAnya nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki yahA~ 'pade' zabda nimitta aura nimitti, donoM bhinna bhinna pada meM Ane para 'Natva' vidhi nahIM hotI hai, aisA sUcita karane ke lie hai kintu nimitta aura nimitti, 'syAdyanta' yA 'tyAdyanta' eka pada meM honA cAhie, aisA batAne ke lie 'pade' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA nahIM hai, ataH 'pade' zabda jJApaka nahIM bana pAtA hai / yahA~ eka aura bAta vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya hai ki A. zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne 'raghuvarNAnno Na ekapade' -2/3/63 kI bRhadvRtti meM batAyA hai ki 'ekapade iti kim ? agnirnayati, nRbhibhiH / pada ityetAvataikapade labdhe ekagrahaNaM niyamArtham, ekameva yannityaM tatra yathA syAt, yadanekaM cAnekaM ca tatra mA bhUt yathA carmanAsikaH / ' isase siddha hotA hai ki bhinnapadoM kI vyAvRtti ke lie 'ekapade' aisA saMpUrNa zabda hI kAraNabhUta hai aura nitya ho aise ekapadatva ke lie 'eka' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'ekapade' sthAna meM sirpha 'pade' ko kyoM mAnA gayA hai, isakI spaSTatA karate hue svayaM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai ki pUrvakAlIna nyAyavRtti meM 'ekapade iti jJApakam' kahA hai, vaha 'raghuvarNAnno Na-' 2/3/63 sUtrasthita 'ekapade' ko isa prakAra ke sAmAsika pada ke kAraNa se hI, samagra pada ko jJApaka mAnA hai| jabaki yahA~ vRtti meM batAyI huI yukti anusAra kevala 'pade zabda ko hI jJApaka mAnA gayA hai / kintu zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI yaha spaSTatA apUrNa pratIta hotI hai| kevala 'pade' kahane se bhinna padoM kI vyAvRtti ho sakatI hai aura hotI bhI hai, kintu samAsa Adi meM 'aikArthya' 3/2/7 se 'syAdi' pratyaya kA lopa hone para 'ekapadatva' AtA hai, yadi isameM nimitta R ra, Sa pUrvapada meM ho aura nimitti 'na' uttarapada meM ho, to bhI 'na' kA 'Na' ho sakatA hai, use dUra karane ke lie hI 'eka' zabda rakhA gayA hai| ataH 'ekapade' zabda se sAmAsika 'syAdyanta' yA upasarga sahita ke 'tyAdyanta' pada kA isa sUtra meM grahaNa karanA nahIM, aura isake sAtha-sAtha bhinna padoM kI bhI vyAvRtti ho jAtI hai| yahA~ vyAvRttirUpa sArthakya batAkara 'pade' zabda ko jJApaka nahIM mAnane kA jo vicAra A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne prastuta kiyA hai, vaha upayukta nahIM hai kyoMki 'padatva' prApta hone ke bAda hI bhinna pada kI vyAvRtti yA sAmAsika pada kI vyAvRtti kA prazna upasthita hotA hai, kintu yahA~ 'padatva' prApta hone ke pUrva hI 'Natva' vidhi ho jAtI hai aura aisA hone para 'pade' zabda vyartha ho jAtA hai, ataH isase jJApita hotA hai ki bhaviSya meM honevAlI pada saMjJA ko bhUtavad mAnakara yahA~ 'Natva' vidhi huI hai|

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prathama vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 10 ) 31 pANinIya paramparA meM yaha siddhAMta nyAya ke svarUpa meM svIkRta nahIM hai| phira bhI kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti aura bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRtti, kAlApa vyAkaraNa, jainendra vyAkaraNa tathA bhoja vyAkaraNa meM yaha nyAya paribhASA ke svarUpa meM upalabdha hai / jainendra paribhASAvRtti meM, 'tyad' aura 'tad' sarvanAma ke strIliGga ke 'syA' 'sA' Adi rUpoM ko siddha karane ke lie isa nyAya kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'tad' aura 'tyad' ke antya 'd' kA 'a' karane ke lie 'syAdi' vibhakti / pratyaya jarUrI hai kintu, vahI vibhakti / pratyaya Ane se pUrva hI 'tad, tyad' zabdoM ko strIliGga kA 'Ap' lagatA hai, taba 'tad tyad' zabdoM se bhaviSya meM 'syAdi' pratyaya honevAlA hI hai, ataH isa nyAya se, 'syAdi' pratyaya ko AyA huA mAnakara 'tyadAdera: ' [ jai. 5/1/161 ] se 'tad, tyad' ke antya 'd' kA 'a' kiyA jAtA hai / // 10 // yathAsaGkhyamanudezaH samAnAm // saMkhyA se samAna ho aura samAna vacana se nirdiSTa ho to pUrvapadoM kA uttarapadoM ke sAtha 'yathAsaMkhya' arthAt anukrama se sambandha hotA hai / " saMkhyA se aura ekavacana, dvivacana yA bahuvacana, isa prakAra donoM taraha se samAna nirdiSTa hoM aise pUrva meM Aye hue padoM kA uttara meM arthAt bAda meM Aye hue padoM ke sAtha yathAsaMkhya arthAt saMkhyA ke krama se yA anukrama se kathana karanA arthAt prathama ko prathama ke sAtha, dvitIya ko dvitIya ke sAtha, tRtIya ko tRtIya ke sAtha, caturtha ko caturtha ke sAtha sambandha karake kathana karanA, kintu paraspara / anyonya ke krama meM koI parivartana nahIM karanA cAhie yA kisI eka ko sarva ke sAtha sambandhita nahIM karanA cAhie / yaha nyAya svecchAnusArI yojanA kA niSedha karane ke lie aura niyamana ke lie hai, udA. jaise 'GeGasyoryAtau' 1/4/6 sUtra meM 'sthAnI' aura 'Adeza' donoM do-do haiM aura donoM dvivacana se nirdiSTa haiM, ataH yahA~ 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI yojanA siddha hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'De' aura 'Gasi' donoM meM pratyeka ke sAtha 'ya' aura 'At' ko joDane kI AzaMkA hotI kyoMki isI sUtra meM usakA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai arthAt 'Ge' kA bhI 'ya' aura 'At' Adeza hotA aura 'Gasi' kA bhI 'ya' aura 'At' Adeza hotA / 'Adeza' aura 'sthAnI' samAna saMkhyA meM hone para hI anukrama se liyA jAtA hai, aisA kyoM ? 'namaspuraso gateH kakhapaphi raH saH ' 2/3/1 yahA~ 'namas' aura 'puras' ko 'kakhapapha' ke sAtha samAnavacana se nirdiSTa hone para bhI 'yathAsaGkhyam' (anukrama) nahIM hogA kyoMki donoM (nimitta aura nimitti ) saMkhyA se tulya / samAna nahIM hai / tathA 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau' 1/3/ 14 meM 'mu' aura 'm' ko 'anusvAra' aura ' anunAsika' ke sAtha anukrama se sambandha nahIM hogA kyoMki saMkhyA se donoM samAna hone para bhI vacananirdeza se tulya nahIM hai / 'mumaH' meM ekavacana hai, jabaki 'tau' aura 'svau' meM dvivacana hai / isa nyAya kA jJApaka sUtra 'caTate sadvitIye' 1/3/7 hai / 'caTate sadvitIye' 1/3/7 sUtra kA

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32 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) kArya 'cachaTaThatathe' isa prakAra laghu sUtra karane se ho sakatA thA, tathApi 'zaSase zaSasaM vA' 1/3/ 6 sUtra se prApta 'zaSasaM' pada ke sAtha anukrama se yojanA karane ke lie 'caTate sadvitIye 1/3/7, aisA guru dIrgha sUtra banAyA hai / yadi 'cachaTaThatathe' aisA laghu sUtra banAyA hotA to 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI yojanA sambhavita na hotI / yaha nyAya vyabhicArI arthAt anitya hai / bhujipatyAdibhyaH karmApAdAne' 5/3/128 meM vacana kA vaiSamya/vacana kI viSamatA hone para bhI, vahA~ anukrama hai / jabaki 'pUrvAvarA'dharebhyo'sastAtau puravadhazcaiSAm' 7/2/115 meM 'pUrva-avara-adhara' zabdoM kA 'dikzabdAdigdezakAleSu prathamA-paJcamIsaptamyA: 7/2/113 sUtra se calI AtI 'digdezakAla' zabda kI anuvRtti se prApta 'dig-deza-kAla' zabdoM ke sAtha vacana-sAmya aura saMkhyA-sAmya hone para bhI yathAsaGkhyam' (anukrama) kA abhAva hai| pANinIya paramparA meM 'yathAsaGkhyam' ke lie kevala saMkhyA-sAmya ko grahaNa kiyA hai, vahA~ 'vacana' kA koI mahattva nahIM hai / yahA~ siddhahema meM 'yathAsaGkhyam' ke lie vacana-sAmya kA bhI mahattva hai / pANinIya paramparA meM yaha nyAya 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM sUtra rUpa se paThita hai|| isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA batAne se pUrva, isakA khaMDanAtmaka pUrvapakSa sthApana karate hue pANinIya vaiyAkaraNoM ne batAyA hai ki 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI yaha pravRtti laukika pramANa se bhI siddha ho sakatI hai| jaise 'zatru mitraM vipattiM ca jaya raJjaya bhaJjaya' ityAdi prayoga meM 'zatru,mitra' Adi zabdoM ko sthAnAnukrama se 'jaya,raJjaya' Adi padoM ke sAtha sambandha sthApita ho hI jAtA hai, ataH isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / usakA pratyuttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki jahA~ samAsa Adi hote haiM vahA~ 'sthAnitva' ke isa laukika pramANa se 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai / ataH aise sthAna para isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA hai / udA. '2GasyoryAtau' 1/4/6, yahA~ 'De' aura 'si' tathA 'ya' aura 'At' kA samAsa huA hai, ataH sAmAnyatayA 'De' ke sthAna meM bhI 'ya' aura 'At' Adeza aura 'Gasi' ke sthAna meM bhI 'ya' aura 'At' Adeza ho sakatA hai / yahA~ 'anukrama' kI yojanA ke lie koI bhI laukika rIta samartha nahIM ho sakatI hai, ataH vahA~ isa nyAya ke AdhAra para, 'Adeza' aura 'sthAnI' ke saMkhyA aura vacana, donoM samAna hone se 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti hogI / 'ivarNAderasve svare yavaralam' 1/2/21 meM sthAnI-ivarNa, uvarNa, RvarNa, lavarNa kA sAkSAt pATha kiyA nahIM hai, tathApi vahA~ yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti karane ke lie isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha nyAya 'sthAnI' aura 'Adeza' meM dharmasAmya hone para hI pravRtta hotA hai, kintu vyaktisAmya hone para pravRtta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vyakti sAmya lene para 'Adeza' kI saMkhyA maryAdita hotI hai, jabaki 'uddezya' yA 'sthAnI' kI saMkhyA anaMta hotI hai, ataH 'sthAnI' aura 'Adeza' meM samAna saMkhyAtva prApta nahIM hotA hai| siddhahema vyAkaraNa meM 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI nivRtti ke lie vacana bheda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| udA. 'edodbhyAM GasiGaso ra:' 1/4/35 kI bRhadvRtti meM spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai ki vacanabhedo yathAsaGkhyaM nivRttyartham / ' isa nyAya ke udAharaNa meM bhI 'to mumo vyaJjane svau' 1/3/14 meM samAna

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 10) saMkhyAtva hone para bhI 'yathAsaGkhyam' nahIM hotA hai, aisA batAyA, vaha sahI hai aura 'Apo GitAM yaiyAsyAsyAm' 1/4/17 meM 'yai yAs yAs yAm' meM vibhakti kA koI pratyaya dikhAI nahIM par3atA, ataH prathamA ekavacana kA 'si' pratyaya ho sakatA hai aura usakA 'dIrghaGyAbvyaJjanAtseH' 1/4/45 se lopa huA hai, aisA mAna lene para, aura 'GitAm' meM bahuvacana prayukta hone para bhI 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti huI hai| eka bAra aisA mAna liyA jAya ki 'sautratvAt' ekavacana ho sakatA hai tathApi 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti ke lie bahuvacana kA prayoga jarUrI hone para bhI bahuvacana kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, isase jJApita/sUcita hotA hai ki isI sUtra meM 'yAsa' kI dvirukti se hI 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti siddha hotI hai| ataH vahA~ samAna vacana dvArA nirdeza karane kI koI AvazyakatA dikhAI nahI par3atI / yadi isI sUtra meM 'yathAsaGkhyam' pravRtti karanI nahIM hotI to, 'yAs' kA pATha eka hI bAra kiyA hotA, kintu 'sthAnI' svarUpa 'Git' pratyaya spaSTarUpa se batAye nahIM hai, aura unakI saMkhyA cAra kI hI hone se usake sAtha samAna saMkhyAtva lAne ke lie 'yAs' kI dvirukti kI gaI hai / durgasiMhakRta kAtantra paribhASAvRtti meM batAyA hai ki 'yAs' kI dvirukti karane se hI yahA~ 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti hotI hai / ' yahA~ dUsarA bhI eka samAdhAna ho sakatA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / 'Apo GitAM' 1/4/17 ke bAda turata hI 'sarvAderDaspUrvAH' 1/4/18 sUtra hai aura isI sUtra meM 'DaspUrvAH' , 'yai yAs yAs yAm' kA vizeSaNa hai, ata: 'yai yAs yAs yAm' meM bahuvacana hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra 'samAnasaMkhyAtva' aura 'samAnavacananirdezatva' A jAne se 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti ni:saMkoca ho sakatI hai aura 'yai yAs yAsa yAm' meM bahuvacana ke 'jas' pratyaya kA sautratvAt lopa huA hai| 'sarvAderDaspUrvAH' 1/4/18 sUtra meM 'sthAnI' ke rUpa meM 'GitAm' pUrva ke sUtra meM se AtA hai aura isake sAtha sAtha 'DaspUrvAH' ke vizeSya 'yai yAs yAs yAm' kI bhI anuvRtti hotI hai / isa sUtra meM 'DaspUrvAH' kA vizeSya spaSTa rUpa se ukta nahIM hone se, GitAm ke sAtha 'yathAsaGkhyam' karane ke lie 'DaspUrvAH' meM bahuvacana kA prayoga karanA anivArya hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA ke do udAharaNa haiM / 1. bhujipatyAdibhyaH karmApAdAne 5/3/128, yahA~ saMkhyA tulya hai kintu vacanabheda hai tathApi yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti kI gaI hai / jabaki dUsare udAharaNa 'pUrvAvarAdharebhyo'sastAtau puravadhazcaiSAm' 7/2/115 meM Aye hue 'pUrvAvarAdharebhyo' pada meM tIna zabda haiM aura bahuvacana se nirdeza kiyA hai, aura, pUrva ke sUtra 'dikzabdAd digdezakAleSu prathamApaJcamI-saptamyA:', 7/2/113 se anuvRtta, 'digdezakAleSu' aura 'prathamA-paJcamI-saptamyAH', donoM meM tIna-tIna zabda haiM aura donoM meM bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai, tathApi donoM ke bIca 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| saMkSepa meM, isa nyAya kI anityatA kevala 'vacana' taka hI sImita hai| jahA~ saMkhyA samAna 1. jJApakaM ca 'Gavanti yaiyAsyAsyAm' iti dviryAskaraNam / (kAtantraparibhASAvRtti durgasiMhakRtA)

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34 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) nahIM hotI hai, vahA~ kisI bhI saMyoga meM yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| ataH yathAsaGkhyam' ke lie 'sthAnI' aura 'Adeza' ityAdi meM samAnasaMkhyAtva atyAvazyaka mAnA gayA hai| yaha nyAya kAtantra, kAlApa va bhoja vyAkaraNa meM paribhASA ke svarUpa meM prApta hai, jabaki zAkATAyana, cAndra va jainendra ke paribhASApATha meM yaha prApta nahIM hai aura pANinIya paramparA meM yaha aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtra rUpa meM hI paThita hai / // 11 // vivakSAtaH kArakANi // vivakSA/vaktA kI icchAnusAra kAraka hote haiM / vivakSA ke anusAra kAraka hote haiM, yA nahIM hote hai yA to anyathA arthAt eka ke sthAna para dUsarA hotA hai / kAraka paraspara asAdhAraNa/asAmAnya yA to vibhinna lakSaNayukta hone se naiyatya/ nizcitatA prApta hotI thii| usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / isameM, kAraka na hone para bhI kAraka honA, isa prakAra hai / 'bhikSA vAsayati' ityAdi prayoga meM 'bhikSA' ityAdi meM kisI bhI prakAra kA vyApAratva nahIM hone se aura kevala hetutva hone se vastutaH vaha kAraka nahIM hai, tathApi svataMtra rUpa se 'vAsana' ( rakhane) rUpa vivakSA ke kAraNa, kartA kAraka hotA hai, kintu tAttvika dRSTi se/vAstavika rIti se 'bhikSA' Adi kAraka hai hI nahIM / yadi 'bhikSA' Adi meM kArakatva hotA to 'bhikSayoSita' ityAdi prayoga meM 'kArakaM kRtA' 3/1/68 se samAsa ho jAtA, kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai, isase 'bhikSA' ityAdi kA 'akArakatva' siddha hotA hai aura jisa 'bhikSA' Adi meM vastutaH kArakatva nahIM hone para bhI 'bhikSA vAsayati' ityAdi prayoga meM kartA kAraka kA jo prayoga dikhAI par3atA hai vaha kevala vivakSA ke adhIna hI hai| kAraka hone para bhI akAraka honA, isa prakAra hai / 'mASANAmaznIyAt' ityAdi prayoga meM 'mASa' Adi meM 'karmatva' hone para bhI, usakI vivakSA nahIM karane se 'zeSe' 2/2/81 sUtra se sambandha meM SaSThI vibhakti huI hai| eka kAraka ke sthAna meM anya kAraka honA, isa prakAra hai 'odanaH svayaM pacyate, asi cchinatti' ityAdi prayoga meM 'karma' aura 'karaNa' kI svatantratA kI vivakSA karane se kartA kAraka hotA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'smRtyarthadayezaH' 2/2/11 sUtra hai / isa sUtra dvArA 'karma' ko bhI vikalpa se 'karma' saMjJA kI jAtI hai aura isa prakAra 'karma' meM bhI 'akarmatva' kA vikalpa kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka dhAtu ke 'kartA, karma' Adi kArakoM kI, yadi 'kartA, karma' Adi kAraka ke rUpa meM vivakSA karane para ve 'kartA, karma' Adi hote haiM / isa prakAra kI vyavasthA prastuta nyAya ke dvArA hotI hai / ataH isa nyAya ke anusAra, jaise pratyeka dhAtu meM hotA hai, isI taraha 'samRtyarthadayeza' dhAtuoM ke 'karma' ko 'karmatva' kI vivakSAnusAra 'karma' saMjJA hotI bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotI hai / ata: 'smRtyarthadayezaH' 2/2/11 sUtra se prastuta dhAtuoM ke 'karma' ko vikalpa se 'akarma' saMjJA karane kI

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 11) koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai tathApi isI sUtra kI racanA kI gaI, isase sUcita hotA hai ki 'siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH' nyAya se niyama kiyA gayA hai arthAt anyatra, 'karma' ko 'akarma' saMjJA nahIM hotI hai, aisA 'smRtyarthadayezaH' 2/2/11 sUtra dvArA parokSa sUcana hotA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to prastuta sUtra niyamArtha hone ke sthAna meM (niyamasUtra ke sthAna meM), kevala vidhisUtra hI banA rahatA arthAt 'smRtyarthadayezaH' 2/2/11 sUtra meM jo niyamArthatva hai, vaha isa nyAya ke binA 'anupapadyamAna' hai / 'smRtyarthadayezaH' 2/2/11 sUtra meM kathita niyama isa prakAra hai -: 'smRtyarthadayezaH' 2/2/11 sUtra meM nirdiSTa dhAtuoM ke 'karma' ko pakSa meM 'akarmatva' ke vidhAna se, 'zeSa' rUpa meM usakI vivakSA hotI hai, kintu anya kAraka ke rUpa meM vivakSA hotI nahIM hai, tathA karma se bhinna kAraka kI bhI anya kAraka ke rUpa meM vivakSA nahIM hotI hai, ataH 'mAtrA smRtaM, manasA smRtaM' Adi prayoga meM 'kartA' aura 'karaNa' rUpa kAraka kI 'zeSa' meM vivakSA na karane se 'SaSThI' vibhakti nahIM hotI hai / yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH 'sambandha' meM koI bhI kAraka hogA hI nahIM / ata eva 'bahUnAM idaM vastram' vAkya meM bahu zabda se 'bahvalpArthAtkArakAdiSTAniSTe zas' 7/2/150 sUtra se 'ezas' pratyaya nahIM hogaa| isa nyAya kA pANinIya paramparA meM, paribhASA/nyAya ke rUpa meM kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai kintu bhASyakAra Adi ke vyavahAra se yaha nyAya svataH siddha hai, aisA dikhAI par3atA hai aura sarvatra isa prakAra kA vyavahAra dikhAyI paDatA hai| bhASyakAra pataMjali ne 'kArake' [ pA.sU.1/4/23 ] sUtra ke bhASya meM spaSTarUpa se sUcita kiyA hai ki kAraka vaktA kI icchA arthAt vivakSA ke adhIna hI hote haiN| yaha nyAya cAndra, bhoja, aura siddhahema ke alAvA anya kisI bhI paribhASA pATha meM upalabdha nahIM hai| kaiyaTa ne 'kAraka' kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki sarva 'kAraka' meM lakSya ke anusAra sAdhyatva dvArA eka sAdhAraNa/sAmAnya kriyA hotI hai, ata: vahI sAmAnya sAdhAraNa kriyA ke kAraNa se pratyeka kAraka meM kartRtva hotA hai, kintu una saba ko 'avAntara vyApAra' ke kAraNa se, usI, vyApAra kI vivakSA karane para karaNatva, sampradAnatva, apAdAnatva' Adi kA vyavahAra hotA hai| udA. putra ko janma dene meM mAtA aura pitA donoM kartA hone para bhI mAtA ke bAre meM-'ayamasyAM janayati' aura pitA ke bAre meM 'ayamasmAjjanayati' isa prakAra vyavahAra hotA hai / isa prakAra mAtA meM adhikaraNatva' kI aura pitA meM 'apAdAnatva' kI vyavasthA hotI hai| isa prakAra mahAbhASya aura kaiyaTa ke graMtho meM kAraka kA vivakSAdhInatva pratipAdita kiyA hone se pANinIya paramparA meM yaha siddhAnta nyAya/paribhASA ke svarUpa meM paThita nahIM hai|| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya kI anityatA batAte hue kahA hai ki yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'bahUnAmidaM vastram' prayoga meM 'kArakatva' kI vivakSA kA abhAva hai kyoMki 'sambandha' ko kadApi kArakatva prApta nahIM hotA hai, ata: 'bahu' zabda se 'bahvalpArthAtkArakAdiSTAniSTe zas' 7/2/150 se 'ezas' pratyaya nahIM hotA hai| www.jainelibrassure

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36 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) yaha anityatA upayukta nahIM dikhAyI paDatI hai kyoMki prastuta nyAya se jahA~ kArakatva kA saMbhava ho vahA~ hI, usI kAraka kI anya kAraka ke rUpa meM vivakSA yA avivakSA kI jAtI hai kintu apUrva kArakatva utpanna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, aisI mAnyatA hai, ataH 'SaSThI' vibhakti se ukta sambandha meM kArakatva kI vivakSA kadApi hotI nahIM hai, ata: 'bahUnAmidaM vastram' meM kArakatva kI vivakSA kA abhAva hone se hI 'bahu' zabda se 'bahvalpArthAt' 7/2/150 se 'pzas' pratyaya nahIM hotA hai| vivakSA bhI vastusvabhAva ke anusAra hI ho sakatI hai, ataH sambandha meM kArakatva kI vivakSA nahIM hotI hai dUsarI eka mAnyatA aisI hai ki kAraka vibhaktiyoM se sambandha kA arthabodha nahIM ho sakatA hai aura sambandha, kAraka ke lie anucita hI hai, ataH sambandha meM kArakatva kI vivakSA ke abhAva ke lie isa nyAya ko anitya mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai| vivakSA meM vaktA kI icchA hI mukhya hai, ata: yaha nyAya svabhAva se hI anitya hone se, usakI anityatA batAne kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne jo anityatA batAyI hai vaha kevala isa nyAya kI svAbhAvika anityatA ke anuvAda svarUpa hI hai, aisA mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| // 12 // apekSAto'dhikAraH // apekSA arthAt AvazyakatA ke anusAra adhikAra kI pravRtti yA nivRtti hotI hai| apekSA arthAt iSTatA/jarUrata / AvazyakatA ke anusAra adhikAra pravRttimAn yA nivRttimAna samajhanA / anyathA usakI jahA~ jarUrata ho vahA~ koI bhI jJApaka honA cAhie / nyAya kI taraha adhikAra kI pravRtti yA nivRtti kA jJApana kisI bhI jJApaka se avazya honA cAhie, aisI AzaMkA ko dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'NaSamasatpare syAdividhau ca' 2/1/60 sUtra se zurU honevAlA 'asatpare' kA adhikAra 'rAtsaH' 2/1/90 sUtra taka hI rahatA hai, aura 'syAdividhau ca' kA adhikAra 'noAdibhyaH' 2/1/99 sUtra taka hI jAtA hai, usake Age nahIM jAtA hai / yaha artha usake jJApaka binA hI siddha hotA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApana 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 sUtra meM AyA huA 'sAmAnAnAM' nirdeza dvArA hotA hai| yahA~ 'samAnAnAm' meM 'Am' kA 'nAm' Adeza 'hasvApazca' 1/4/32 sUtra se hotA hai / kintu usake pUrva ke sUtra 'Amo nAmvA' 1/4/31 sUtra se 'AmaH' pada aura 'nAm' pada kI anuvRtti 'husvApazca' 1/4/32 sUtra meM Ane para hI isI sUtra se 'Am' kA 'nAma' Adeza ho sakatA hai, aura vaha isa nyAya se hI siddha hotA hai / anyathA jJApaka ke abhAva meM 'AmaH' aura 'nAm' kI anuvRtti nahIM lI jA sakatI hai| __ aura 'aidautsandhyakSaraiH' 1/2/12 sUtragata 'aitva', isa bAta kA nizcaya karatA hai| yahIM aitva', 'upasarga' meM na ho aise akAra' kA 'aitva' karatA hai| aidautsandhyakSaraiH' 1/2/12 sUtra meM 'RtyArupasargasya' 1/2/9 sUtra se calI AtI 'upasarga' ke adhikAra rUpa anuvRtti kI nivRtti hotI hai| yahI nivRtti bhI isake jJApaka kA abhAva hone se isI nyAya se hI hotI hai| yaha nyAya bhI aikAntika arthAt nitya nahIM hai / yadi apekSA anusAra hI adhikAra kI pravRtti Jain "Education International

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37 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 12) nivRtti honevAlI hai to 'pratyaye ca' 1/3/2 sUtra meM 'sau navetau' 1/2/39 sUtra meM se calI AtI 'vA' kI anuvRtti ko Age ke sUtra meM le jAne ke lie 'cakAra' aura 'zaSase zaSasaM vA' 1/3/ 6 sUtra meM 'navA' ke adhikAra dvArA cAlI AtI 'vA' kI anuvRtti ko nivRtta karane ke lie punaH 'vA' kA grahaNa kyoM kiyA? isase jJApita hotA hai ki yaha nyAya anitya hai| aura 'vizeSavidhi' arthAt 'atidiSTavidhi' prakRta/pravartamAna adhikAra kA bAdha nahIM karatA hai, aisA nyAya hone se 'dhAtorivarNo' 2/1/50 sUtra se zuru honevAlA 'dhAtoH' pada kA adhikAra 'bhrUzno:' 2/1/53 Adi tIna sUtra meM vizeSavidhi' (atideza vidhi) hone se nahIM kahA hai, tathApi isa nyAya ke bala se atruTita hone se 'yo'nekasvarasya' 2/1/56 sUtra meM 'dhAtoH' pada ke adhikAra kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai kintu yaha kArya bhI isa nyAya ke dvArA siddha hotA hai, ataH vahI nyAya 'vizeSAtidiSTo vidhiH prakRtAdhikAraM na bAdhate' isa nyAya ke antargata hI mAnanA / maNDUkaplutinyAya bhI isI nyAya kA hI bheda/prakAra hai / jaise meMDhaka uchalatA-uchalatA, bIca kI kucha bhUmi ko chor3akara Age jAtA hai, vaise pUrva ke sUtra kA adhikAra bIca ke kucheka sUtra ko chor3akara Age jAtA hai, taba use maNDUkaplutinyAya kahA jAtA hai / jaise 'aJvargAt svare vo'san' 1/2/40 sUtra meM jo 'asat' kA adhikAra hai, vaha bIca meM aiuvarNasyAnte'nunAsiko'nInAdeH' 1/ 2/41 sUtra ko choDakara tRtIyasya paJcame' 1/3/1 aura pratyaye ca' 1/3/2 sUtra meM gayA hai| ata eva 'kakummaNDalam, ammayam' ityAdi prayoga meM samAsAntarvartinI vibhakti ke AdhAra para 'nAma sidayvyaJjane' 1/1/21 se pada saMjJA hogI aura pada saMjJA hone ke bAda bhI 'm' asat hone se pada ke anta meM AyA huA 'm' nahIM milegA, ata: usI 'm' kA 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau' 1/3/14 sUtra se 'anusvAra' aura 'anunAsika' nahIM hogA / yahA~ bhI adhikAra kI pravRtti aura nivRtti apekSA anusAra hI siddha hotI hai kintu isake lie kisI jJApaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| adhikAra do prakAra ke haiM-1. sUtrAdhikAra 2. zabdAdhikAra / 1. jisa sUtra dvArA, vyAkaraNa ke, usI sUtra ke bAda ke koI nizcita sUtra kI, maryAdA karake koI vizeSa bAta kahI jAtI hai, usI sUtra ko adhikAra sUtra kahA jAtA hai / ise sUtrAdhikAra bhI kahA jAtA hai / udA. (1) 'ghuTi' 1/ 4/68 sUtra meM kahA hai ki isa sUtra ke bAda ke sUtra se lekara, isa pAda kI samApti taka, jahA~ bhI koI vizeSa nimitta kA grahaNa na kiyA ho vahA~ 'ghuTi' arthAt 'ghuT' pratyaya ko nimitta ke rUpa meM grahaNa karanA / (2) 'A tumo'tyAdiH kRt' 5/1/1, isa sUtra se lekara, tum pratyaya, jisa kA vidhAna isI adhyAya ke caturthapAda ke anta meM kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ taka ke, tyAdi (tivAdi) pratyayoM ko choDakara, sabhI pratyayoM ko 'kRt' saMjJA hotI hai| 2. zabdAdhikAra-: kisI bhI sUtra meM saMkSiptatA mukhya cIja hai aura usake sAtha asaMdigdhatA bhI itanI hI mahattva kI bAta hai, ataH sUtra kI saMdigdhatA dUra karane ke lie prakaraNAnusAra anya padoM kI AvazyakatA/jarUrata rahatI hai| ye pada, pUrva ke sUtra meM se anuvRtti ke svarUpa meM, pichale/bAda ke sUtra meM Ate haiM, arthAt eka hI prakaraNa meM Aye hue sUtroM meM bahuta se zabda sAmAnya hote haiM, ataH usI zabdoM ko prakaraNa ke zurU meM eka hI sthAna para kahe jAte haiM aura bAda meM, pichale sUtroM meM

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) apekSA/jarUrata anusAra una padoM kI upasthiti hotI hai / ise anuvRtti kahA jAtA hai aura adhikAra zabda se bhI isakA vyapadeza hotA hai / siddhahema kI paraMparA tathA anya, cAndra, kAtantra Adi meM zAbdika anuvRtti ke lie 'adhikAra' zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ adhikAra zabda se zAbdika anuvRtti grahaNa karanA / sAmAnyatayA pANinIya paramparA meM 'adhikAra' zabda se 'adhikAra sUtroM' kA grahaNa hotA hai aura 'anuvRtti' se zabdoM kA pichale sUtra meM se agale sUtra meM anuvartana grahaNa hotA hai| pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkara ne paribhASA saMgraha kI prastAvanA meM 'adhikAra' ke bAre meM batAyA hai fon -: "A word or words or even a full sutras continues and becomes valid in the following sutras up to a limit, which is prescribed sometimes by the author of the sutras himself. Such a word is named 34fTCAT and in case, if it is a full sutras, it is called adhikArasUtra'5 saMkSepa meM, pANinIya paramparA meM bhI zAbdika anuvRtti ko bhI adhikAra mAnA gayA hai| janasAmAnya/Ama janatA meM bhI prathama vAkya meM Aye hue padoM kI, apekSA anusAra, agale vAkyoM meM upasthiti hotI hai / udA. atra vidyAlaye devendraH paThati, mahendro'dhyApayati, surendro vAcayati, meM pUrva ke vAkya meM sthita 'atra' aura 'vidyAlaye', donoM pada, agale donoM vAkya meM upasthita hote haiM / vahA~ kisI jJApaka kI jarUrata nahIM hai| isa prakAra yaha nyAya lokasiddha hone se isa nyAya kA jJApaka batAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM, isake lie 'svaritenA'dhikAraH'[pA. sU. 1/3/11] paribhASA sUtra hI banAyA gayA hai, ata eva pANinIya paramparA meM isa nyAya kA kahIM bhI ullekha mAlUma nahIM par3atA hai| cAndra, kAtantra, kAlApa, jainendra ityAdi meM yaha nyAya 'iSTo'dhikArANAM pravRttinivRttiH / , kAryAnubandhAdadhikArAnuvRttiH / bhinnapratiyoge.......adhikArANAM nivRttiH / ' svarUpa meM dikhAyI par3atA hai| isa nyAya kI pravRtti kauna-se sthAna para hotI hai ? isake lie do mata haiM : 1. zrIhemahaMsagaNi ityAdi kA mata hai ki jahA~ kisI bhI vizeSa pada kI anuvRtti karane ke lie yA aise pada kI anuvRtti kI nivRtti karane ke lie koI jJApaka na batAyA ho vahA~ isa nyAya ke AdhAra para AvazyakatAnusAra usI pada kI anuvRtti karanA yA nivRtti karanA / dUsarA mata aisA hai ki kisI bhI pada kI anuvRtti dhArApravAha se calI AtI hai, taba, vaha anuvRtti, Upara batAyA gayA, usI prakAra se lokasiddha nyAya se bhI siddha hai, tathApi jahA~ anya vidheya Adi ke sambandha ke kAraNa arthAt prakaraNa badala jAne ke kAraNa, Upara se jisa pada kI anuvRtti calI AtI hai, usakI svAbhAvika nivRtti ho hI jAtI hai kintu usI pada kI anuvRtti anya vidheya meM bhI Age le jAnI ho taba isa nyAya kA upayoga hotA hai / yaha yukti A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne batAyI hai| mahAbhASya meM adhikAra:' kA 'adhikaM kAra:' yA 'adhikamayaM kAraM karoti / ' isa prakAra artha 1. paribhASAsaMgraha Introduction by Prof. K. V. Abhyankar. Pp. 46 (BORI, Poona)

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 12) 39 karake kahA hai ki yaha nyAya/siddhAMta kevala pada kI hI anuvRtti yA nivRtti ko hI kahanevAlA yA niyamana karanevAlA nahIM hai kintu jisa artha ke bAre meM, jisa pada kI zakti kA nizcaya kiyA gayA ho aura jahA~ jisa zAstra se jo svAbhAvika kArya hotA hai vahA~ usase bhI jyAdA kArya karane ke lie isa nyAya kA upayoga hotA hai / kahIM/kadAcit bAdhya ko bhI bAdhaka banAyA jAtA hai / yaha bAta mahAbhASya ke vivecana se spaSTa hotI hai aura siddhahema meM 'apAye'vadhirapAdAnam' 2/2/29 aura 'kriyAzrayasyAdhAro'dhikaraNam' 2/2/30 sUtra meM anukrama se 'apAdAna' ke tIna prakAra aura adhikaraNa' ke chaH prakAra batAye haiM / vaha isa bAta ko siddha karatA hai| jahA~ anuvartamAna pada kI nivRtti ke lie koI jJApaka ho, vahA~ svabhAva se hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / udA. 'pratyaye ca' 1/3/2 sUtra meM 'ca' pUrva ke sUtra meM se calI AtI 'vA' kI anuvRtti ko rokatA hai aura vaha agale sUtra meM punaH pravRtta hotA hai, aura vaha 'ca sUcita' hai, ataH vahA~ svabhAva se hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / 'zaSase zaSasaM vA' 1/3/7 meM 'vA' vikalpa kI anuvRtti ko rokatA hai arthAt vikalpa ko nivRtta karatA hai / A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ina donoM udAharaNoM meM 'ca' aura 'vA' jo, 'vA' kI anuvRtti-nivRtti tathA pravRtti aura 'vA' kI nivRtti ke lie prayukta hai, usako isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM svIkArate nahIM haiM / jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi, ina donoM ko isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka mAnate haiM / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hI hotA to, isa prakAra ke jJApaka kA prayoga karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thI, tathApi yadi jJApaka rakheM, ve vyartha hokara isa nyAya kI anityatA batAte haiN| A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI aisA mAnate haiM ki isa nyAya ke avAntara nyAya ke rUpa meM diyA gayA 'vizeSAtidiSTo vidhiH prakRtAdhikAraM na bAdhate' nyAya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki vahA~ maNDUkapluti nyAya se kAma cala sakatA hai| tathApi eka bAta vizeSa prakAra se batAnI hai ki 'maNDUkapluti' nyAya meM, pUrvasUtra se anuvartamAna pada/zabda bIca ke sUtra ko pUrNataH choDakara hI agale sUtra meM upasthita hote haiM / jabaki 'vizeSa' aura 'atidiSTa' vidhi meM pUrva ke kucheka viziSTa padoM ko lekara hI sUtra kI pravRti hotI hai, ataH sAmAnyatayA anuvRtta pada kI anupasthiti nahIM mAnI jAtI hai, aura prastuta sUtra ke lie vahI pada anAvazyaka hone se vRtti meM bhI nahIM kahA jAtA hai aura jaba agale sUtra meM usakI AvazyakatA/jarUrata khaDI hotI hai taba vaha vahA~ punaH upasthita hotA hai / yadyapi 'maNDUkapluti' nyAya se yahA~ kAma cala sakatA hai, tathApi anya vyAkaraNa meM yaha nyAya, paribhASA ke svarUpa meM upalabdha hone se yahA~ bhI isako, isa nyAya ke avAntara nyAya ke rUpa meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| udA. 'dhAtorivarNo'-2/1/50 se Arambhita, dhAtoH' pada kA adhikAra saMyogAt' -- 2/1/52 taka jAtA hai, bAda meM 'bhrUznoH' 2/1/53 se 'atidiSTa' vidhi hone se, vahA~ 'dhAtoH' kA adhikAra pravRtta nahIM hotA hai| jabaki 'striyAH' 2/1/54 aura 'vA'mzasi' 2/1/55 meM 'vizeSa' vidhi 1. zaSase zapasaM vA 1/3/7 navAdhikAre vA grahaNamuttaratra vikalpanivRtyartham /

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40 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa hone se 'dhAto:' ke adhikAra kI jarUrata nahIM hai| jabaki 'yo'nekasvarasya 2/1/56 meM 'ya' kA 'sthAnI' anukta hone se 'dhAto:' kA 'adhikAra' yahA~ punaH prAdurbhUta hotA hai / // 13 // arthavazAd vibhaktipariNAmaH // artha ke anusAra vibhakti kA pariNAma / parivartana hotA hai / 'pariNAma' arthAt parAvartana/ parivartana, prathama sUtra sthita anyavibhaktyanta pada kA, 'agale sUtra meM anuvartana hotA hai taba sAmAnyatayA anyavibhaktyanta hotA nahIM hai, jaise godhA (gho ) / goha sarpa kI taraha sarakatI hone se vaha sA~pa nahIM ho jAtI hai, vaise anyavibhaktyanta kI anupapatti ke niSedha ke lie yaha nyAya hai / isakA artha isa prakAra hai -: artha ko vaza hokara, anyavibhaktyanta kA anyavibhaktyanta ke rUpa meM parivartana hotA hai / udA. 'ata AH syAdau jasbhyAmye 1/4/1 sUtra meM ' SaSThyanta' ke rUpa meM prayukta 'ataH ' zabda kI anuvRtti jaba 'bhisa ais' 1/4/2 sUtra meM AyegI taba 'paJcamyanta' ke rUpa meM parivartita hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApaka sUtra 'ad vyaJjane' 2/1/35 hai / isI sUtra meM 'sthAnI' kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yadi 'sthAnI' ke rUpa meM pUrva ke 'idama:' 2/1 / 34 sUtra se 'idama: ' svarUpa ' SaSThyanta' kI anuvRtti lene para ' SaSThyAntyasya' 7/4/ 106 paribhASAsUtra se 'idam' ke antya 'm' kA hI 'a' Adeza hogA kintu saMpUrNa 'idam' kA 'a' Adeza nahIM hogA, kintu prayoga meM saMpUrNa 'idam' kA 'a' Adeza dikhAyI paDatA hai, ataH 'ad vyaJjane' 2/1 / 35 sUtra meM sthAnI ke rUpa meM prathamAnta 'idam' zabda mAlUma detA hai, tathApi / aisA hone para bhI 'ad vyaJjane' 2/1/35 sUtra meM 'sthAnI' kA sarvathA agrahaNa, isa nyAya ke bala se 'SaSThI' kA prathamA meM parivartana hone kI saMbhAvanA se hI kiyA gayA hai| isa bAta kA nizcaya, usake bAda ke / agale 'anak' 2 / 1 / 36 sUtra meM 'idam' ke vizeSaNa 'anak' ko prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA hai, usase hotA hai / vahI 'anak' vizeSaNa apane vizeSya 'idam' kI bhI prathamA vibhakti kA sUcana karatA hai / vaha bhI isa nyAya se siddha hotA hai / yaha nyAya cala/anitya hone se 'tRtIyasya paJcame ' 1 / 3 / 1 sUtra se AnevAlA 'tRtIyasya' pada kI 'tRtIyAt' pada meM parivartana hone kI saMbhAvanA hone para bhI, agale sUtra 'tato hazcaturthaH ' 1/3/ 3 sUtra meM 'tataH ' zabda rakhA hai| yaha 'tataH ' zabda hI sUcita karatA hai ki 'arthavazAd vibhaktipariNAma:' nyAya anitya hai / prathama hama yaha dekha leM ki isa nyAya kI pravRtti kahA~, kaise hotI hai / isa nyAya kA upayoga vibhakti kA vipariNAma / parivartana karane ke lie hotA hai aura vaha bhI, vahA~ hI ki jahA~ 'vibhaktivipariNAma' ke lie koI prayatna na kiyA ho, kintu jahA~ sUtrakAra ne svayaM hI spaSTa rUpase vibhaktivipariNAma' kiyA ho, vahA~ isa nyAya kA upayoga nahIM karanA caahie| udA. 'tato hazcaturthaH ' 1/3/3, 'tato'syAH' 1 / 3 / 34 ' tataH ziTa: ' 1/3/36 ina tInoM sUtroM meM 'tataH ' zabda se anukrama se 'tRtIyasya' kA 'tRtIyAt', 'aJvargasya' kA 'aJvargAt' aura 'prathamadvitIyasya' kA 'prathama

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prathama vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 13 ) dvitIyAt' yA 'prathamadvitIyAbhyAm' ke rUpa meM 'vibhaktivipariNAma' huA hai / ina sUtroM meM 'vibhaktivipariNAma' sUtrakAra ne svayaM kiyA hai, ataH ve sUtra isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM siddha nahIM hote haiN| yadi ina sUtroM ko jJApaka mAneM to, sUtrakAra ke svayaM kiye hue prayatna vyartha hoMge kintu 'bhASyakAra' ne kahA hai ki 'nAsUyA tatra kartavyA yatrA'nugamaH kriyate / ' 41 ataH 'tRtIyasya paJcame' 1 / 3 / 1 sUtragata 'tRtIyasya' kA, isa nyAya se 'paJcamyanta' ke rUpa meM vipariNAma hokara 'tRtIyAt' hone kI prApti hai, tathApi 'tato hazcaturthaH ' 1 / 3 / 3 sUtra meM 'tataH ' pada rakhA hai vaha asaMgata nahIM hai aura 'tata:' isa prakAra ke nirdeza se, isa nyAya ke anityatva kI AzaMkA nahIM karanI caahie| aisA A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA mAnanA hai / aura A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne eka siddhAMta aisA prasthApita kiyA hai ki jJApakasiddha nyAya, sUtra ke akSara yA zabda yA pUrNa sUtra ko vyartha banAne meM arthAt usakI vyarthatA pratipAdita karane meM samartha nahIM bana pAtA hai, ataH aise sthAnoM para 'jJApakasiddhaM na sarvatra' athavA 'jJApakanirdiSTamanityam' nyAya kA AdhAra lenA cAhie yA Azraya karanA cAhie kintu unakA yaha siddhAnta sahI nahIM hai kyoMki unhoMne pUrva ke 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH ' nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka sUtra 'saGkhyAnAM rNAm' 1/4 / 33 sUtragata, sUtrakAra ke 'rNAm ' prayoga ke bahuvacana ko vyartha batAyA hI hai / vahA~ unhoM ne kahA hai 'SNam' bahuvacana vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai aura yaha bahuvacana sUtrakAra dvArA hI prayukta hai| ataH unake dvArA prasthApita siddhAMta kA yahA~ virodha AtA hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiM ki yaha nyAya lokasiddha hI hai, ata eva pANinIya paramparA ke 'paribhASenduzekhara' meM yaha nyAya nahIM batAyA gayA hai / yadyapi 'paribhASAsaMgraha' ke anusAra, 17 paribhASA saMgraha meM se pANinIya paramparA ke kevala cAra paribhASAsaMgraha (1 puruSottamadevakRta paribhASA pATha, 2. nIlakaNThadIkSitakRta paribhASAvRtti, 3 nAgezakRta paribhASenduzekhara, 4 zeSAdrinAthakRta paribhASAvRtti ) meM isa nyAya kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| isake sivA, yahI nyAya paribhASA ke kSetra meM sabase prAcIna mAne gaye vyADi ke 'paribhASAsUcana' meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / pANinIya paramparA meM isa nyAya kA lokasiddhatva isa prakAra batAyA hai / udA. 'sarve chAtrA gamiSyanti, adhyApakazca, ahaM ca / ' yahA~ 'gamiSyanti' pada 'chAtrA: ' kartA AdhAra para rakhA gayA hai, tathApi, 'adhyApakazca' kahate samaya usakA 'gamiSyati' ke rUpa meM vacana kA vipariNAma hI jAtA hai aura isa prakAra 'ahaM ca' ke sAtha 'gamiSyAmi' ke rUpa meM puruSa kA bhI vipariNAma ho jAtA hai, vahA~ para 'gamiSyati' yA ' gamiSyAmi' kA sAkSAt prayoga karane kI jarUrata nahIM hai / pANinIya paramparA ke anya paribhASA graMthoM meM isa nyAya ke lokasiddhatva kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai-' uccAni gRhANi asya devadattasya Amantryasvainam / ' yahA~ ' SaSThyanta' 'devadattasya' kA 'enam' meM dvitIyAnta ke rUpa meM vibhaktivipariNAma huA hai /

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42 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'sthAnivadAdezo'nalvidhau' (pA.sU. 1/1/56) ke mahAbhASya meM kahA hai- 'yAM kAJcid vibhaktimAzrayituM buddhirupajAyate sA sA AzrayitavyA / ' (jisa vibhakti kA Azraya karanA sahI pratIta ho usI vibhakti kA Azraya karanA) mahAbhASya kI yahI bAta isa nyAya ke dvArA siddha hotI hai| // 14 // arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya // arthavAn kA grahaNa saMbhava ho to anarthaka/artharahita ko grahaNa nahIM karanA / isa nyAya sUtra meM 'sambhavati', 'grahaNam' aura 'kAryam' zabda adhyAhAra samajhanA / arthayukta 'pratyaya' yA 'prakRti' kA grahaNa sambhava ho taba anarthaka 'pratyaya' yA 'prakRti' ko grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / zabda-sArupya hone se donoM kA grahaNa saMbhava thA, ataH spaSTatA karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| isa prakAra agale nyAyoM meM bhI samajha lenA / isameM 'pratyaya' sambandhI grahaNa isa prakAra hai-: 'tIyaM GitkArye vA' 1/4/14 sUtra meM 'dvestIyaH' 7/1/165 Adi sUtra se honevAlA sArthaka ( arthavAn ) 'tIya' pratyaya kA sambhava hone se, 'jAtIyara' sambandhI 'tIya' kA grahaNa nahIM hogA / vahA~ 'jAtIyar' zabda hI prakAra arthayukta hone se sArthaka hai kintu usakA aMza kevala 'tIya' sArthaka nahIM hai, ataH 'paTujAtIyAya' Adi prayoga meM 'tIyaM GitkArye vA' 1/4/14 se 'smai' Adi Adeza nahIM hoNge| 'prakRti' sambandhI grahaNa isa prakAra hai -: udA. 'plIhAnau, plIhAna:' Adi prayoga meM 'han' nirarthaka hone se 'inhanpUSAryamNaH zisyoH' 1/4/87 sUtra se kathita niyamAnusAra nahIM kintu 'ni dIrghaH' 1/4/85 sUtra se nirdiSTa niyamAnusAra dIrgha hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJAApaka 'tR svasR- napta-neSTa-tvaSTa-kSattR-hote-potR-prazAstro ghuTyAra' 1/4/ 38 sUtra meM tR' pratyayAnta 'naptR' Adi kA bhinna grahaNa hai / 'naptR' Adi, 'uNAdi' ke 'tR' pratyayAnta hai aura 'uNAdi' nAma ko 'avyutpanna' mAne jAte haiM ('uNAdayo'vyutpannAni nAmAni' ) nyAya se, ve avyutpanna hone se 'tR' Adi pratyaya bhI anarthaka hai, ataH isa/prastuta nyAya ke kAraNa 'tR' pratyaya se naptR' Adi kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai, isa lie 'naptR' Adi kA sUtra meM pRthagupAdana kiyA hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to kevala 'tR' pratyaya se hI 'napta' Adi kA grahaNa saMmbhava hone se 'pRthagupAdAna' na kiyA hotaa| yaha nyAya caJcala/anitya hai kyoMki 'aninasmangrahaNAnyarthavatA'narthakena ca tadantavidhi prayojayanti' nyAya, isa nyAya kA apavAda hai aura isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'savyADatezcAzattiSTeH kaH' 6/4/130 sUtra hai / yahA~ 'Dati' pratyayAnta zabdoM ko 'Datyatu saGkhyAvat' 1/1/ 39 sUtra se 'saGkhyAvat' karane se, 'saGkhyA ' zabda dvArA hI 'Dati' pratyayAnta kA grahaNa ho hI jAtA hai, kintu 'ti' pratyayAnta/antavAle zabda kA varjana kiyA hai , ata: 'Dati' antavAle zabda kA varjana na ho jAve, isalie hI sUtra meM 'Dati' kA upAdAna kiyA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, 'ti' pratyayAnta/antavAle zabdoM kA varjana karane se 'Dati' pratyayAnta kA varjana saMbhava nahIM thA, tathApi

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53 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 14) 'ti' pratyayAnta/antavAloM ke varjana se 'Dati' pratyayAnta kA varjana ho jAyegA, aisI saMbhAvanA kA vicAra karake yahA~ 'Dati' kA pRthagupAdAna kiyA hai / isase sUcita/jJApita hotA hai ki yaha nyAya anitya hai| 'tR svasR-naptR-' 1/4/38 sUtra meM 'napta' Adi ke pRthaggrahaNa ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka batAyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai-yahA~ prathama 'tR' 'arthavAn' hai, ataH isake grahaNa se 'uNAdi' ke 'tR' pratyayAnta zabdoM kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki 'uNAdayo'vyutpannAni nAmAni' nyAya se 'napta' Adi meM sthita 'tR' pratyaya anarthaka kahA jAtA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, 'tR' ke grahaNa se hI 'napta' Adi kA grahaNa hotA, tathApi isakA pRthaggrahaNa kiyA / vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yahA~ koI aisI bhI zaMkA kara sakatA hai ki yaha jJApaka nirbala hai kyoMki 'uNAdi' nAma ke lie kahIM vyutpatti pakSa mAnA gayA hai aura kahIM avyutpatti pakSa bhI mAnA gayA hai / ata: jaba avyutpatti pakSa kA Azraya kareMge taba hI 'napta' Adi kA pRthagupAdAna isa nyAya kA jJApaka banegA aura vyutpatti pakSa kA Azraya karane para vaha jJApaka nahIM banegA kintu niyama ke lie hogaa| sUtrakAra A. zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM 'tR-svasRnaptR' 1/4/38 sUtra kI vRtti meM spaSTarUpa se batAyA hai ki "tR zabdasyArthavato grahaNena pratyayagrahaNAn navAdInAmavyutpannAnAM saMjJA-zabdAnAM tR zabdasya grahaNaM na bhavatIti teSAM pRthagupAdAnam / idameva ca jJApakaM arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya grahaNaM bhavatIti vyutpattipakSe tu 'tR' grahaNenaiva siddhe naptAdigrahaNaM niyamArtham / tenAnyeSAmauNAdikAnAM,na bhavati / " isa prakAra sUtrakAra ne svayaM nanAdi ke pRthaggrahaNa ko jJApaka mAnA hai, taba isako hameM nirbala yA ayogya mAnanA nahIM cAhie / aura jaba 'uNAdi' nAma ke lie do pakSa hoM taba eka hI samaya para kisI eka hI pakSa ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| donoM pakSa ko ekasAtha mAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai, ata: jahA~ vyutpatti pakSa kA Azraya karane se kArya siddha hotA ho vahA~ vyutpatti pakSa kA hI Azraya karanA cAhie aura isa prakAra jahA~ avyutpatti pakSa kA Azraya karanA ho, vahA~ avyutpatti pakSa kA hI Azraya karanA caahie| isa nyAya meM bhI koI jJApaka kI apekSA nahIM hai aisA kucheka loga mAnate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki vyavahAra se yaha nyAya phalita (siddha ) ho jAtA hai / udA. lokavyavahAra meM 'zabda' meM kriyA kA bAdha hotA hai, ataH zabda aura artha donoM kA vAcya-vAcaka sambandha karake vAcya ke viSaya meM pravRtti hotI hai| jaise kisIne 'ghaTamAnaya' aisA kahA, taba 'ghaTa' zabda vAcaka huA aura ghaTa ( padArtha, cIja) vAcya huA aura loka vAcya ke viSaya meM hI pravRtti kareMge / isa prakAra vyAkaraNazAstra meM zabda se zabda ke artha kA bodha hone para bhI, usake sAtha anvaya asaMbhava hone se, usI artha-viziSTa zabda meM hI vaha kArya hotA hai kintu zabda ke viSaya-svarUpa padArtha se vahI kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH zabda vizeSya huA, aura artha vizeSaNa huA / isa prakAra vyAkaraNazAstra meM zabda kA hI prAdhAnya hotA hai, aise siddhAMta kA svIkAra karane para bhI vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM artha kI upasthiti kA niSedha

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44 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH vyAkaraNazAstra meM bhI artha sahita hI zabda kA grahaNa hotA hai / dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki varNa ke grahaNa meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai yA nahIM ? pANinIya paramparA meM spaSTa rUpa varNa ke viSaya meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| jabaki siddhama kI paramparA meM isake bAre meM kahIM para, koI ullekha dikhAI nahIM paDatA hai / pANinIya paramparA meM, daza kAla kI 'laT, liT, loT, lUG' Adi lakAra dvArA saMjJA kI gaI hai aura 'lasya' (pA.sU. 3/4/77) sUtra se la ke vividha Adeza kiyA jAtA hai / vahI 'la' kevala eka hI varNa-svarUpa hai kintu vaha arthavAn hai, jabaki 'labhate', 'lunAti' Adi meM 'la' anarthaka he / vahA~ lasya (pA.sU. 3/4/ 77) sUtra kI pravRtti kA viSaya hai / ataH varNa ke viSaya meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai yA nahIM, isakA nirNaya karanA jarUrI hone se pANinIya paramparA meM isakI carcA/vicAraNA kI gaI hai / aura pANinIya paramparA tathA use anusaraNa karanevAlI anya paramparA ke vyAkaraNa ke paribhASA granthoM meM 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' - nyAya ke apavAda svarUpa 'na varNagrahaNeSu' ( paribhASAsUcana, tathA paribhASApATha, zAkaTAyana, puruSottamadevakRta laghu paribhASAvRtti, sIradevakRta bRhatparibhASAvRtti, zrImAnazarmanirmita paribhASA TippaNI, nIlakaNTha dIkSita viracita paribhASAvRtti, haribhAskara agnihotrIkRta paribhASAbhAskara ) tathA 'varNAntasya vidhi:' ( kAtantra paribhASAvRtti-durgasiMhakRta, kAtantra paribhASA sUtrapATha ) paribhASAe~ haiM / cAndra, jainendra, haima, nAgeza aura zeSAdri ke alAvA anya sabhI paribhASA grantho meM isakI carcA kI gaI hai aura 'na varNagrahaNeSu' nyAya diyA hai lasya (pA.sU. 3/4/77) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM, isake lie kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ varNamAtra kA grahaNa karane ko kahA gayA hai vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| ataH aise sthAnoM meM sArthaka varNa ke sAtha-sAtha anarthaka kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai| isake bAre meM vistRta carcA mahAbhASya aura kaiyaTa ke granthoM meM se dekha lenA / yahA~ vaha aprastuta aura anAvazyaka hai / yahA~ batAyA gayA ki 'tIyaM GitkArye vA - ' 1/4/14 sUtra se honevAlA kArya 'dvitIya, tRtIya ' ityAdi zabda se hogA, kintu 'jAtIyar pratyayAnta 'mahAjAtIya' zabda se nahIM hogA kyoMki yahA~ 'jAtIyar' kA 'tIya' aMza (zabda) anarthaka hai / aba prazna yahI hotA hai ki loka meM 'dvitIya, tRtIya ' ityAdi saMpUrNa zabda hI arthavAn mAne jAte haiM, usakA eka aMza 'tIya' anarthaka hai kyoMki usake dvArA zabda ke artha kA bodha nahIM hotA hai aura bhASya kA siddhAMta hai ki na kevalA prakRti: prayoktavyA nApi kevalaH pratyayaH / ' tathApi vyAkaraNazAstra meM pratyayoM ke artha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / ataH zAstrIya kArya ke nirvAha ke lie zAstra ke pramANa se 'tIya' Adi pratyaya arthabodhaka banate haiM / yahA~ 'dvitIya' zabda meM 'dvestIya:' 7/1 / 165 sUtra se 'pUraNa' artha meM 'tIya' pratyaya huA hai, ataH usameM pUraNArthavAcakatva mAnA jAtA hai| 'jAtIyar' kA 'tIya' isa prakAra ke artha se rahita hone se usakA grahaNa ho nahIM sakatA hai / yahA~ dUsarI zaMkA yaha hotI hai ki 'yAvakaH' Adi meM 'ka' pratyaya ke abhAva meM jo artha pratIta hotA hai, vahI artha 'ka' pratyaya hote hue bhI pratIta hotA

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 14) 45 hai| ataH svArtha meM honevAle 'ka' pratyaya kA koI artha mAlUma nahIM detA hai / usake pratyuttara meM kahA gayA hai ki 'ka' Adi kI 'pratyaya' rUpa anvarthaka 'mahAsaMjJA' karane se 'prakRti' kA jo artha hai, vahI artha 'ka' pratyaya kA bhI mAnA jAtA hai, ataH pratyaya kA artha aura prakRti kA artha donoM samAna hone se, donoM kA samudita artha bhI vahI hotA hai / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka jo zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai, vaha sahI nahIM lagatA hai| unhoM ne batAyA hai ki 'Datyatu saGkhyAvat' 1/1/35 sUtra se 'Dati' pratyayAnta zabda saGkhyAvAcaka hoMge, ataH 'saGkhyADatezcA' 6/4/130 sUtragata 'saGkhyA ' zabda se usakA grahaNa ho jAyegA, tathApi 'Dati' kA grahaNa kiyA, kyoMki 'ti' antavAle zabdoM ke varjana se 'Dati' sambandhI anarthaka 'ti' kA bhI varjana ho jAyegA, ataH 'Dati' pratyayAnta zabda kA grahaNa karane ke lie, usako rakhA hai| isa prakAra 'ti' ko unhoMne sArthaka mAnA hai aura 'Dati' ke 'ti' ko anarthaka mAnA hai, ata: 'ti' ke varjana se, isa nyAya se 'Dati' kA varjana hotA hI nahIM hai, isalie 'Dati' rakhane kI koI jarUrata nahIM thI, ata eva vahI 'Dati' grahaNa vyartha hokara, isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karatA hai / kintu bahuta vicAra karane para, unakI yaha bAta satya pratIta nahIM hotI hai| unhoneM 'ti' ko sArthaka mAnA hai kintu vaha sArthaka nahIM hai; anarthaka hai; ataH 'ti' antavAle zabdoM ke varjana se 'Dati' antavAle zabdoM kA varjana ho hI jAtA hai, isa lie 'Dati' pratyayAnta zabdoM ko 'ka' pratyaya karane ke lie sUtra meM 'Dati' kA grahaNa Avazyaka hai, ataH vaha sArthaka hai / vastuta: 'ti' pratyayAnta zabdoM kA varjana nahIM hai, kintu 'ti' antavAle zabdoM kA varjana kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ siddhahema meM aura anya vyAkaraNa paramparA meM bhI 'viMzati' Adi zabdoM ko avyutpanna mAne gaye haiM, ata: 'ti' pratyaya hai hI nahIM / yadi usakA 'uNAdi' se bhinna anya kisI sUtra se vidhAna karake, 'ti' pratyaya kiyA hotA aura zabdasiddhi kI gaI hotI to, use 'ti' pratyaya kahA jA sakatA, kintu yahA~ siddhahema meM use nipAtana se siddha kiyA hai / isa prakAra siddha hotA hai ki 'ti' anarthaka hI hai| yadi aisA mAna liyA jAya ki 'Dati' grahaNa se, isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana hotA hai, to 'STi' antavAle zabda kA varjana yahA~ sArthaka nahIM hotA hai / jabaki "STi' antavAle zabda ke varjana ko jJApaka mAnane para, Upara batAyA usI taraha 'Dati' kA grahaNa sArthaka hI hai, ata: 'saGkhyADatezcAttiSTeH kaH' 6/4/130 sUtragata 'STi' ke varjana ko jJApaka mAnanA cAhie aisA tarka A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI karate haiM kintu dUsarA prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki 'ti' anarthaka hai aura 'SaSTi' kA 'STi' (Ti) bhI anarthaka hI hai, ata: 'tyanta' ke varjana se 'STyanta' kA varjana ho hI jAtA thA, to 'Tyanta' varjana pRthaga kyoM kiyA ? prastuta nyAya kahatA hai ki 'arthavAn kA grahaNa ho vahA~ anarthaka kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai' yadi isa nyAya ko anitya mAneM to, aisA batAnA cAhie ki 'arthavAn ke grahaNa se anarthaka kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai| yahA~ to 'ti' aura 'STi' donoM anarthaka hI haiN| yadi "STi' ke varjana ko jJApaka mAneM to aisA mAnanA par3e ki anarthaka ke grahaNa se sArthaka kA bhI grahaNa

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46 hotA hai / vastutaH aisA nahIM hai / 'ti' yA 'STi', kahIM bhI sArthaka hai nahIM / ataH apanI mAnyatAnusAra 'STi' ke varjana ko bhI, isI nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka rUpa meM nahIM mAnanA cAhie / nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) yadi hama eka dUsarI mAnyatA ko svIkAra kareM ki siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'uNAdi bhinna' sUtra se jo zabda kI siddhi hotI hai, usameM nipAtana bhI A jAtA hai aura aise nipAtita zabdoM ko vyutpanna mAnane para 'ti' sArthaka hotA hai, tathA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA usI prakAra se 'iti' grahaNa vyartha hokara, isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karatA hai, kintu punaH yahI prazna upasthita hotA hai ki 'tyanta' ke varjana se sArthaka aura anarthaka donoM 'ti' kA varjana hotA hai to 'Tyanta' kA pRthagvarjana kyoM kiyA ? isa prakAra 'saGkhyADatezcAzattiSTeH kaH ' 6/4/130 kisI bhI prakAra se prastuta nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karane meM samartha nahIM hai / kadAcit 'STyanta' varjana se 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana ho sakatA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai-: ' SaS' zabda se 'SaSTi' zabda kA nipAtana karate samaya 'SaS' se 'ti' pratyaya hotA hai aura 'tavargasya zcavargaSTavargAbhyAM yoge caTavargI' 1 / 3 / 60 sUtra se 'ti' kA 'Ti' ho jAtA hai ataH 'tyanta' ke varjana se hI 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' - nyAya se 'STyanta' kA varjana ho hI jAtA hai, ata: isI sUtra meM 'STayanta' kA varjana vyartha hokara, jJApita karatA hai ki 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya anitya hai / // 15 // lakSaNapratipadoktayoH pratipadoktasyaiva grahaNam // 'lAkSaNika' aura 'pratipadokta' donoM kA grahaNa saMbhava ho to 'pratipadokta' kA hI grahaNa karanA / yahA~ 'sambhavato:' pada adhyAhAra hai / isa prakAra Age yathAyogya pada adhyAhAra samajha lenA / 'lakSyate'nena iti lakSaNaM, liGgam / ' jisa ke dvArA lakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'lakSaNa' yA 'liGga', 'cihna' / vahI 'liGga' yA 'cihna' ke dvArA jo vidhi kahI jAya, vahI vidhi bhI upacAra se 'lakSaNa' yA 'lAkSaNika vidhi kahI jAtI hai, aura pratyeka pada kA vidhAna karake, usI pada ke lie kathita vidhi 'pratipadokta' vidhi kahI jAtI hai / yahA~ sUtra meM 'lakSaNa' aura 'pratipadokta' donoM kA dvandva samAsa hai / jo kArya sAmAnyatayA 'liGga' mAtra kA nirdeza karake kahA gayA ho, vaha kArya 'lakSaNa' kahA jAtA hai / 'lakSaNena carati ' - vAkya meM 'carati' 6/4/11 sUtra se 'ikaN' hogA aura 'lAkSaNika' banegA / isI kArya ko 'lAkSaNika' kArya bhI kahA jAtA hai / aura jo kArya 'nAma' grahaNapUrvaka batAyA gayA ho, vaha 'pratipadokta' kahA jAtA hai /

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47 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 15)' jaba 'lAkSaNika' aura 'pratipadokta' donoM kA grahaNa saMbhava ho taba 'pratipadokta' kA hI grahaNa karanA kintu 'lAkSaNika' kA grahaNa nahIM karanA / jaise 'no'prazAno'nusvArAnunAsikau ca pUrvasyA'dhuTpare' 1/3/8 yahA~ 'lAkSaNika nakAra' kA grahaNa nahIM karane se tvantatra' ityAdi prayoga meM 'n' kA 's' nahIM hogA kyoMki yaha 'n', 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau' 1/3/14 se anunAsika ke rUpa meM sAmAnyatayA huA hai / ghAsa Adi se AcchAdita bhUmi meM 'kakud' (khAMdha) ko dekhakara hI yahA~ baila hogA, aisA anumAna/nizcaya hotA hai, isa prakAra yahA~ bAda meM Aye hue takAra ko dekhakara takAra ke varga kA hI anunAsika nakAra yahA~ AyA huA dikhAI paDatA hai / ataH isa yukti se 'lakSaNAd- cihnAdAgato lAkSaNikaH' vyAkhyAnusAra yahA~ 'lAkSaNika na' hai| jabaki isI sUtra se pratipadokta' 'n' kA hI 's' hotA hai / jaise-bhavA~statra', yahA~ n, 'no'ntaH' isI prakAra nakAra ke hI vidhAna dvArA huA hai, ata: vaha 'pratipadokta' hai| 'ekArthaM cAnekaM ca' 3/1/22 sUtra se bahuvrIhi samAsa siddha hone para bhI 'AsannAdUrAdhikA'dhyarddhA dipUraNaM dvitIyAdyanyArthe ' 3/1/20 ityAdi sUtra se pratipadokta bahuvrIhi kA vidhAna, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / 'pramANIsaGkhyADDaH' 7/3/128 sUtra se jo 'Da' samAsAnta karanA hai, vaha 'AsannAdUrAdhikA'-3/1/20 sUtra meM kathita samAsa se hI hotA hai, ataH 'AsannA daza yeSAM te AsannadazA:' Adi prayoga meM 'Da' samAsAnta hogA kinta 'ekArthaM cAnekaM ca 3/1/22 satra dvArA niSpanna bahuvrIhi samAsa se 'Da' samAsAnta nahIM hogA / udA. 'priyA daza yeSAM te priyadazAnaH / ' yaha nyAya avizvAsya/anitya hone se 'isvasya guNaH' 1/4/41 sUtra meM pratipadokta husva svara ke sAtha lAkSaNika husva svara bhI grahaNa kiyA hai| udA. 'he kartaH, he niSkauzAmbe' yahA~ 'kartR' kA 'tR' 'NakatRcau' 5/1/48 sUtra se AyA hai aura sUtra meM 'tR' rUpa dvArA hI vidhAna kiyA hai, ataH vaha 'pratipadokta' hai| jabaki 'nirgataH kauzAmbyAH niSkauzAmbiH' meM sthita 'i' lAkSaNika hai kyoMki 'gozcAnte'- 2/4/96 se sAmAnyatayA husva karane kA vidhAna hai, ata: 'kauzAmbI' meM dIrgha 'IkAra' sthAnI hone se, usake sthAna meM, usakA Asanna husva 'i' hogaa| isa prakAra lakSaNa' arthAt 'cihna' se kathita hone se vaha lAkSaNika hai| isa nyAya ke udAharaNa meM kvacit vyAkaraNa se kathita niSpanna ko lAkSaNika aura avyatpanna ko pratipadokta kahe gaye haiM / udA. 'han' ke 'zastanI' anyadartha, ekavacana meM 'ahan' rUpa hotA hai / isake 'n' kA 'ahnaH' 2/1/74 se 'ru' nahIM hogA kyoMki vaha 'lAkSaNika' hai. kinta dina arthavAle 'ahana' zabda ke 'na' kA 'ru' hogA kyoMki vaha 'pratipadokta' hai| 'ahan' kA 'lAkSaNikatva' aura 'ahan' (divA) kA 'pratipadoktatva' isa prakAra hai| prathama 'ahana' meM 'hana' dhAta hai. use sAmAnya se zastanI. adyatanI aura kriyAtipatti meM 'aDa Agama' karane kA vidhAna hai, aura 'han' dhAtu ko zastanI kA pratyaya huA hai, ataH 'aD' Agama huA hai| sAmAnya se vyaJjanAnta dhAtu se 'div' pratyaya kA lopa hotA hai / yahA~ 'han' dhAtu vyaJjanAnta hone se 'div' pratyaya kA lopa hogA / isa prakAra tyAdyanta' ahan zabda lAkSaNika hai| jabaki 'dina' arthayukta, 'ahan' zabda 'uNAdi' hai aura uNAdi sUtra 'zvanmAtari-' ( uNA- 902) meM nAma grahaNa karake kahA gayA hai,

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48 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) ataH vaha pratipadokta hai| isa prakAra sarvatra lAkSaNikatva' aura 'pratipadoktatva' kA vicAra karake kArya krnaa| 'ahan' -'han' dhAtu ke zastanI ke rUpa 'ahan' kA lAkSaNikatva batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM - 'lakSaNAt hastanIrUpAt cihnAt AgataH' athavA 'hyastanIrUpeNa cihnana nivRttaH / ' A. lAvaNyasUrijI ko yaha mAnya nahIM hai / ve kahate haiM ki 'lakSaNena - sUtreNa niSpannaM / ' 'lakSaNa' arthAt sUtra, isase niSpanna 'lAkSaNika' kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra kA artha karane para bhI koI doSa AtA nahIM hai / ve 'lAkSaNika' aura 'pratipadokta' kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karate haiM / 'lAkSaNika' arthAt vyAkaraNa ke kisI bhI sUtra se nirdiSTa aura 'pratipadokta' se bhinna / 'pratipadokta' arthAt vyAkaraNa ke sUtra se upAtta ho kintu sUtra meM pratyeka pada kA nirdeza karake, usameM kathita kArya huA ho yA honevAlA ho to vaha 'pratipadokta' kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi -- pratipadokta' bhI vyAkaraNa ke sUtra se upAtta hai, ata eva 'lAkSaNika' vyAkhyA meM, 'pratipadokta bhinnam' vizeSaNa rakhanA par3A hai / A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI yaha vyAkhyA kliSTa hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI mUla vyAkhyA sarala aura spaSTa hai| 'lakSaNa' arthAt liGga yA cihna, isase sUtra meM jo ukta ho vaha 'lAkSaNika' kahA jAtA hai / 'padaM padaM prati uktaH' arthAt pratyeka zabda yA varNa kA nirdeza karake kahA gayA ho, vaha 'pratipadokta' kahA jAtA hai| 'paribhASenduzekhara' meM isa nyAya ko apUrva artha kA vidhAyaka batAyA nahIM hai kintu, kevala nyAyasiddha artha kA anuvAda karanevAlA hI kahA gayA hai| isa nyAya kA nyAyasiddhatva isa prakAra batAyA hai -: 'lakSaNa' ke saMdarbhapUrvaka jisakA jJAna hotA hai, vaha 'lAkSaNika', ataH isakI upasthiti vilamba se hotI hai| zabda ke anuvAda dvArA jo vihita hai vaha 'pratipadokta' hai aura usakI upasthiti zIghra hI hotI hai, aura jisakI upasthiti vilamba se hotI hai, usake grahaNa meM koI pramANa nahIM hone se usakA grahaNa hotA nahIM hai| yahI bAta isa nyAya kA mUlabhUta bIja-svarUpa hai / ata: isa nyAya ke jJApaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, tathApi jJApaka batAyA, vaha isa nyAya kI anivAryatA siddha karane ke lie hai, aisA, A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiN| ___ varNagrahaNa ke viSaya meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai yA nahIM ? isakI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM-: 'AtsandhyakSarasya' 4/2/1 sUtrakI vRtti meM 'dhAtoH' pada kI anuvRtti kI hai, ataH varNagrahaNa ke viSaya meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI nahIM hai kyoMki 'nAma' ke anta meM AyA huA 'sandhyakSara' 'lAkSaNika' kahA jAtA hai, ataH isa nyAya se usakA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, isalie 'dhAtoH' kahane kI jarUrata nahIM hai, tathApi grahaNa kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kI varNa ke viSaya meM apravRtti ko sUcita karatA hai| kintu yaha bAta sahI/ucita nahIM hai / 'sandhyakSarAnta' uNAdi 'nAma' ke viSaya meM avyutpatti pakSa kA Azraya kiyA jAya to 'go' Adi meM 'sandhyakSara' 'lAkSaNika' nahIM raha pAtA hai, ata: usakI vyAvRtti karane ke lie 'dhAtoH' pada jarUrI hai aura pANinIya sUtra 'aut' (pA.sU.1/1/15) ke

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 16 ) mahAbhASya meM bhI siddha kiyA hai ki varNa ke viSaya meM bhI isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai / A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne uparyukta carcA kI hai, kintu saba vyartha hai, kyoMki zrIhemahaMsagaNi 'no'prazAno'nusvArAnunAsikau ca' 1/3/8 sUtra meM 'n' ke viSaya meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI hai aura siddhama kI 'AtsandhyakSarasya' 4 / 2 / 1 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'iha tu lAkSaNikatvAnna bhavati' kahakara udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'cetA, stotA' rUpa batAye haiM aura 'dhAtorityeva' kahakara 'gobhyAm, naubhyAma' udAharaNa diye haiM arthAt 'nAm' sambandhI antya sandhyakSara ko unhoMne lAkSaNika mAnA nahIM hai / ataH yahA~ aisA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai / jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne use 'lAkSaNika' aura 'lAkSaNika se bhinna', do prakAra ke mAne haiM / 'uNAdi' se niSpanna 'nAma' meM vyutpattipakSa kA Azraya karake 'lAkSaNika' mAnate haiM aura 'avyutpattipakSa' kA Azraya karake 'lAkSaNikatva rahita ' mAnate haiM / ata: unhoMne isa prakAra kI carcA kI ho, aisA mAlUma detA hai / 49 // 16 // nAmagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi grahaNam // kevala 'nAma' ke grahaNa se strItvAdi se viziSTa 'nAma' kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / kevala 'nAma' ke nirdeza se strItva, puMstva, napuMsakatva se viziSTa 'nAma' kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai / zabda aura artha se vibhinna lagate hue zabdoM kA grahaNa karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / (isa prakAra agalA nyAya bhI ' yaGlubanta' kA 'prakRti' ke rUpa meM agrahaNa thA, use dUra karane ke lie hai / ) udA. 'tyadAmenadetado dvitIyATayaisyavRttyante' 2/1/33, yahA~ 'tyadAm' se sAmAnyatayA ' tyadAdi' zabda liyA hai tathApi strItvAdi liGga viziSTa pratyeka 'tyadAdi' zabda kA isa nyAya se grahaNa hotA hai, ataH 'sA, syA' ityAdi rUpa meM 'taH sau saH' 2/1/42 se 'ta' kA 'sa' karate samaya ' tyadAdi' aura 'si' pratyaya ke bIca 'Ap' kA vyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jAtA kyoMki 'Ap' strIliGga viziSTajanya hai / ataH prastuta nyAya se kevala ' tyadAdi' nAma ke grahaNa se strIliGgaviziSTa 'Ap' pratyaya kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai / 'nAmagrahaNe iti kim ?' kevala sAmAnya se 'nAmagrahaNa' kiye jAne para hI liGgaviziSTagrahaNa | aisA kyoM ? jahA~ liGgasahita nirdeza kiyA ho vahA~ usI liGgaviziSTa kA hI grahaNa karanA / jaise 'ataH kRkamikaMsakumbhakuzAkarNIpAtre 'navyayasya' 2 / 3 / 5 sUtra meM 'kuzA' strIliGgaviziSTa hone se 'ayaskuzA' kI taraha 'aya: kuza' meM 'ra' kA 'sa' nahIM hogA / 'rAjansakhe:' 7/3/106 sUtra meM 'rAjan' meM 'nakArAnta' nirdeza, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / kyoMki vahI 'rAjan ' zabda strIliGga meM 'nakArAnta' na hone se vahA~ 'aT' samAsAnta ke niSedha ke lie 'nAnta' nirdeza hai / jaise 'mahatI ca sA rAjJI ca mahArAjJI / ' yahA~ 'aT' samAsAnta nahIM hogA kyoMki vaha nakArAnta nahIM hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'rAjasakheH' kahane se bhI 'mahArAjJI' meM 'aT' samAsAnta na hotA kyoMki vaha bhinna zabda hai, kintu isa prakAra nirdeza karane para vaha 'nAma' mAtra ke 8

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50 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) nirdeza hone se, isa nyAya se, 'mahArAjJI' meM bhI 'aT' samAsAnta ho jAtA / ata: 'rAjansakheH' 7/ 3/106 meM nakArAnta arthAt puMlliGga 'rAjan' zabda kA nirdeza kiyA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'sarvAdiviSvagdevADDadriH kvyaJcau' 3/2/122 meM nirdiSTa 'Dadri', 'viSUcI' zabda se nahIM hogA / yadi aisA kiyA jAya to 'viSUcavyaG' jaisA aniSTa rUpa hogA / yahA~ kisI ko aisI zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'ekadezavikRta-' nyAya se, sAmAnya 'nAma' dvArA hI, liGga ko batAne vAle 'Apa, GI' Adi pratyaya jisake anta meM hai vaise 'nAma' kA bhI grahaNa ho sakatA hai, ataH isa nyAya kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai| usake pratyuttara meM A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yahA~ 'ekadezavikRtatva' hI nahIM hai, kintu anya varNa kI adhikatA/varNAdhikya hai, ataH 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya kA prasaMga hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA udAharaNa zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne diyA hai kintu anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM diyA hai / isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM, A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'striyAm' 3/ 2/69 sUtra ko batAyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / -: 'mahatyAH karaH' rUpa SaSThItatpuruSa samAsa meM, pUrvapada rUpa 'mahat' zabda se 'DA' pratyaya hotA hai aura 'mahAkaraH' zabda banatA hai / yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'mahataH kara-ghAsa-viziSTe DAH' 3/2/68 se hI 'DA' pratyaya ho jAtA, kyoMki 'mahat' zabda se, liGgaviziSTa mahat' zabda kA bhI grahaNa ho sakatA hai, tathApi usake lie 'striyAm' 3/2/69 pRthaga banAyA, isase jJApita hotA hai ki yaha nyAya anitya hai / kintu yaha jJApaka sahI nahIM hai| yahA~ 'striyAm' 3/2/69 se nitya 'DA' pratyaya karane ke lie, usakA pRthaga vidhAna kiyA hai / 'mahataH kara-ghAsa-viziSTe DA' 3/2/68 se 'DA' pratyaya hotA hai kintu usameM vikalpa hai jabaki yahA~ nitya 'DA' pratyaya karanA hai, ataH pRthagyoga Avazyaka hai| siddhahema bRhadvRtti meM svayaM zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne kahA hai ki 'nAmagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi grahaNamiti pUrveNaiva siddhe nityArthamidam / ' ataH prastuta sUtra isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai, isalie anya koI jJApaka kI talAza karanI caahie| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM 'tad' zabda ke pulliGga meM 'saH' rUpa tathA napuMsakaliGga meM 'te' rUpa siddha karane ke lie, isa nyAya kI pravRtti karane ko kahA hai aura isa nyAya dvArA hI 'AdveraH' 2/1/41 se antya 'd' kA 'a' hogA / zrIhemahaMsagaNi mAnate haiM ki 'nAmagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyApi grahaNam' nyAya se pulliGga aura napuMsakaliGgayukta 'nAma' bhI grahaNa hote haiM, kevala strIliGgaviziSTa 'nAma' ke lie hI yaha nyAya nahIM hai / sAmAnya se liGgarahita 'nAma' kA sUtra meM grahaNa kiyA ho to, vaha kauna-se liGga se viziSTa lenA, usakA spaSTa kathana na hone se, duvidhA hotI hai, use dUra karane ke lie aura strIliGga meM 'Apa' yA 'GI' pratyaya hone se svarUpa bheda hotA hai, ata: isakA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, aisI zaMkA ko nirmUla karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiM ki pulliGga aura napuMsakaliGga meM zabda kI pravRtti svAbhAvika

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 17) hI hai / jaba liGgaviziSTa pratyaya ke kAraNa, zabda ke svarUpa meM bheda hotA hai taba hI usa ke agrahaNa kI zaMkA hotI hai aura strIliGgaviziSTa zabdameM hI 'Apa' yA 'DI' pratyaya ke kAraNa svarUpabheda hotA hai / pulliGga yA napuMsakaliGga meM svarUpa bheda nahIM hotA hai / ata: 'liGgarahita nAma' se pulliGga aura napuMsakaliGga zabda ke grahaNa meM koI prazna upasthita nahIM hotA hai, ataH strIliGgaviziSTa pratyayayukta zabdoM kA grahaNa karane ke lie hI yaha nyAya hai| yaha nyAya pratyeka paribhASA saMgraha meM upalabdha hai, tathApi vibhinna paramparA meM usake vibhinna jJApaka Adi batAye haiN| // 17 // prakRtigrahaNe yaGlubantasyApi grahaNam // 'prakRti' ke grahaNa se 'yaGlubanta' kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai| jisa zabda se, jo pratyaya hotA hai, vaha zabda, usI pratyaya kI 'prakRti' kahalAtA hai| vaha prakRti' do prakAra kI hai / 1. 'nAma'-svarUpa 2. 'dhAtu'-svarUpa / kintu yahA~ prakRti' zabda se 'dhAtu' hI lenA cAhie kyoMki 'yaGlubanta' dhAtu-sambandhita hI hotA hai, kintu 'nAma'-sambandhita nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'yaDlubanta' pada ke sAmArthya se yahA~ dhAtu rUpa hI 'prakRti' lenA / agale nyAya meM bhI isa prakAra samajha lenA / jo kArya kevala akele 'dhAtu' se karane kA vidhAna kiyA ho vahI kArya 'yaGlubanta' dhAtu se bhI hotA hai| udA. 'praNidatte' meM jaise kevala 'dAga' dhAtu sambandhita 'ni' kA 'Ni', 'nemAdApata'2/3/79 se huA hai| isa prakAra yaGlubanta dAg' dhAtu sambandhita 'ni' kA 'Ni' bhI 'nermAdApata pada'- 2/3/79 se hI hogA aura 'praNidAdeti' rUpa siddha hogaa| ___ ekasvarAdanusvAretaH' 4/4/56 jaise dIrghasUtra kI racanA, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / jisa meM anusvAra kI 'it' saMjJA huI hai, aise 'kR' ityAdi sarva dhAtu ekasvarayukta hI haiM, kintu anekasvarayukta nahIM haiM ataH kevala 'anusvAretaH' kahane se hI 'kartA' ityAdi meM 'iTa' kA niSedha ho jAtA hai ataH 'ekAMsvarAd' vizeSaNa rakhanekI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thii| yahA~ koI aisI zaMkA kareM ki 'han' dhAtu kA Adeza 'vadha' anekasvarayukta hai aura 'han' dhAtu 'aniT' hone se usakA Adeza bhI 'aniT' hogA, ataH 'avadhId' prayoga meM 'iTa' ke niSedha kI nivRtti ke lie ekasvarAd' vizeSaNa rakhA hai| isakA pratyuttara dete hue nyAyasaMgrahakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yadi kevala 'vadha' sambandhita 'iT' ke niSedha kI nivRtti karanI hotI to 'avadhAnusvAretaH' ke rUpa meM sUtraracanA kI jAtI kintu 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH' 4/4/56 ke rUpa meM sarvasAmAnya kathana kiyA, vaha taba hI sArthaka hotA hai jaba, 'vadha' ke alAvA bahuta se anya anekasvarayukta dhAtuaiM ho aura aise anekasvarayukta bahuta se dhAtu taba hI mila pAte haiM, jaba 'kR' Adi dhAtuoM ko 'yaGlubanta' karake isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI jAya / udA. 'kR' dhAtu ko 'yaGlubanta karane para 'carka' hotA hai aura yaha svarUpa 'anekasvarayukta' hai, ataH sUtra meM kevala 'anusvAretaH' kahane para yahA~ bhI 'iTa' kA

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52 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) niSedha ho jAtA, to, 'carkaritA' ityAdi rUpoM kI siddhi nahIM hotI / isa prakAra 'yaGlubanta' dhAtu anekasvarayukta hone se aura kevala ( akele) dhAtu se jo kArya hotA hai, vahI kArya 'yaGlubanta' ko bhI hotA hai, ataH 'iTa-niSedha' kI nivRtti ke lie 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH 4/4/56 ke rUpa meM dIrgha sUtraracanA kI hai| prastuta nyAya ke binA isI sUtra kI dIrgha racanA sArthaka nahIM hotI hai / ataH prastuta sUtra isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / / yaha nyAya anitya hai kyoMki agalA nyAya (naM-18) isa nyAya ke kSetra meM hastakSepa karatA hai arthAt usake kAryakSetra kA saMkoca karatA hai| mUla prakRti aura 'yaGlubanta' meM kevala dvitva kA hI pharka hai / ataH isa nyAya se prayogadvayarUpa 'yaGlubanta' meM prakRtitva' AtA hai| aura yaha bAta yuktisiddha hI hai kyoMki eka hI zabda kA dvitva karane se vaha apane mUla svarUpa se bhinna nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha nyAya yuktisiddha hone se jJApaka kI apekSA/jarUrata nahIM hai| yahA~ zrIhemahaMsa gaNi ne 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH' 4/4/56 sUtragata 'ekasvarAd' zabda ko jJApaka mAnA hai kintu vaha sahI pratIta nahIM hotA hai / yaha 'ekasvarAd' aMza se, isa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai, kintu jJApana hone ke bAda 'ekasvarAd' kA apane aMza meM koI cAritArthya nahIM hai, jJApaka sadaiva apane aMza meM caritArtha honA cAhie aura isakA phala anyatra bhI honA cAhie / aisA A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA mAnanA hai| . __ agale nyAya 'tivA zavAnubandhena nirdiSTaM yadgaNena ca / ekasvaranimittaM ca paJcaitAni na yaGlupi // ' se 'ekasvaranimittaka' kArya kA bAdha hotA hai ataH 'ekasvaranimittaka' kArya kI prApti karAne ke lie 'ekasvarAd' vizeSaNa rakhA, isakI vyarthatA spaSTa hI hai // yahA~ aisA bhI na kahanA cAhie ki 'prakRtigrahaNe-' nyAya kA 'ekasvarAd' se jJApana kiyA gayA, ataH vaha sArthaka huA, isakA niSedha karane ke lie agale nyAya meM 'ekasvaranimittaka' kArya kA niSedha kiyA hai kyoMki yaha nyAya na hone para bhI 'yaGlubanta' meM svataH 'ekasvaranimittaka' kArya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, ataH 'ekasvarAd' grahaNa vyartha hI hai|| ataH 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH' 4/4/56 sUtra meM 'ekasvarAd' zabda se 'yaGlubanta' meM 'ekasvaranimittaka kArya' kA niSedha hotA hai, aisA batAne ke lie hI hai ata eva agale nyAya 'tivA zavAnubandhena'- ke 'ekasvaranimittaM..na yaGlupi / ' aMza kA hI jJApaka banatA hai| pANinIya paramparA meM 'ekAcaH upadeze'nudAttAt' (pA.sU. 7/2/10) sUtra siddhahema ke 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH' 4/4/56 sUtra kA hI artha batAtA hai / isI sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM isI sUtra ke 'ekAcaH' pada kA prayojana batAte hue kahA hai ki isa pada se 'yaGluk' kI kevala vyAvRtti hI hotI hai kintu 'prakRtigrahaNe yaGlubantasyApi-' nyAya kA jJApana nahIM hotA hai| Upara batAyA usI prakAra 'dvitvabhUta prakRti' apane se bhinna nahIM mAnI jAtI hai, ata: isa - Education International

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prathama vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 18 ) 53 nyAya ke binA hI 'dvitvabhUta yaGlubanta' meM svAbhAvikatayA hI pravRtti honevAlI hai ataH isake nimitta se honevAle 'iT niSedha' ko rokane ke lie, 'ekasvarAd' kA artha zrUyamANa ekasvara lenA cAhie aura isalie dvitva hone ke bAda zrUyamANa ekasvara na hone se, 'iT' hogA / 'parimASenduzekhara' meM isa nyAya kI anAvazyakatA batAte hue kahA hai ki 'isa nyAya se dvitvabhUta dhAtu ke pratyeka aMza meM 'prakRtitva' AtA hai ataH 'prakRti' para meM AyI ho taba honevAlA kArya tathA 'prakRti' pUrva meM AyI ho taba honevAlA kArya siddha ho sakatA hai tathApi saMpUrNa samudAya meM 'prakRtitva' nahIM AtA hai aura bhASya meM kahIM bhI isa nyAya kA ullekha / saMdarbha prApta nahIM hone se, prastuta nyAya kA Azraya karanA anucita lagatA hai / udA. 'praNidAdeti' meM 'Natva' vidhi karane ke lie pUrvabhAga meM 'dA' saMjJA mAnI jA sakatI hai aura 'jahudhi' meM 'hudhuTo herdhiH ' 4/2/83 sUtra se honevAle 'hi' kA 'dhi' Adeza parabhAga meM Aye hue 'hu' ko nimitta banAkara hogaa| isa prakAra sarva prayojana, prastuta nyAya ke binA bhI siddha ho sakate haiM, ataH isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / tathApi pratyeka paribhASAsaMgraha meM yaha nyAya upalabdha hai, ataH isakA svIkAra karanA cAhie / // 18 // tivA zavAnubandhena nirdiSTaM yadgaNena ca / ekasvaranimittaM ca paJcaitAni na yaGlupi // 'tiv' se nirdiSTa, 'zav' se nirdiSTa, 'anubandha' se nirdiSTa, 'gaNa ( samUha ) ' se nirdiSTa aura ekasvaranimittaka, ye pA~ca prakAra ke kArya ' yaGlubanta' se nahIM hote haiM / 'nirdiSTa' zabda 'tiv' Adi cAroM ke sAtha jor3anA arthAt 'tiv' se nirdiSTa, 'zav' se nirdiSTa, anubandha se nirdiSTa, gaNa (samUha) se nirdiSTa aura 'ekasvara' zabda kA uccAra dvArA jo kArya kahe hoM, ve saba 'yaGlubanta' ko nahIM hote haiM / pUrva ke nyAya se pratyeka sthAna para / kArya meM 'prakRti' ke sAtha sAtha 'yaGlubanta' kA bhI grahaNa hotA thA usakA isa nyAya se niSedha hotA hai / isameM 'tiv' se nirdiSTa kArya do prakAra kA hai / (1) 'alupta tiv' se nirdiSTa aura ( 2 ) 'lupta tiv' se nirdiSTa / 1. 'alupta tiv' se nirdiSTa kArya-: 'na kavateryaGa: ' 4/1/47 se 'kavati' ke 'ka' kA 'ca' nahI hogA kyoMki 'ka' kA 'catva- niSedharUpa' kArya 'tiv' se nirdiSTa hai, ataH 'kokUyate' meM 'ka' kA 'ca' nahIM hogA kintu 'yaGlubanta' 'cokavIti' meM 'catva' kA niSedha nahIM hogA / 2. 'lupta tiv' nirdiSTa kArya-: 'Ge piba: pIpy' 4/1/33 meM 'pIpy' Adeza luptativ pratyayAnta 'piba' se nirdiSTa hai / ataH yaha 'pIpya' Adeza kevala 'piba' dhAtu kA hI hogA, kintu 'yaGlubanta' 'pA' dhAtu kA nahIM hogA / udA. 'pibantaM prAyukta apIpyat / ' yahA~ 'piba' se nirdiSTa 'pIpy' Adeza akele 'piba' (pA) kA hI huA hai kintu 'pApataM prAyukta apApayat' meM yaGlubanta 'pA' dhAtu kA 'pIpy' Adeza nahIM hotA hai /

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'zav' se nirdiSTa -: 'nisastapenAsevAyAm' 2/3/35 sUtra se 'nis' ke 's' kA 'e' hotA hai / yahI 'Satva' 'niSTapati' meM hotA hai kintu 'yaGlubanta' 'tap' dhAtu sambandhita 'nis' ke 's' kA 'e' nahIM hogA / udA. nistAtapIti / anubandhAnerdiSTa-: 'gApAsthAsAdAmAhAkaH' 4/3/96 meM hAk dhAtu anubandha se nirdiSTa hai, ataH isI sUtra se honevAlA 'etva' 'yaGlubanta' 'hA' dhAtu kA nahIM hogA / udA. heyAt, jahAyAt / yahA~ 'heyAt' 'meM mUla 'hA' dhAtu hai, jabaki 'jahAyAt' meM 'yaGlubanta' 'hA' dhAtu hai / ataH isa nyAya se 'etva' nahIM huA hai| gaNanirdiSTa kArya tIna prakAra kA hai / 1. saGkhyA se nirdiSTa 2. 'Adi' zabda se nirdiSTa 3. bahuvacana se nirdiSTa / 1. 'saGkhyA ' se nirdiSTa-: 'rutpaJcakAcchidayaH' 4/4/88 se honevAlA 'iTa' jaise 'svapiti' meM hotA hai, vaise 'soSopti' meM nahIM hogA, kyoMki 'soSopti' meM 'svap' dhAtu 'yaGlubanta' hai / 2. 'Adi' zabda se nirdiSTa-: 'ludidhutAdipuSyAdeH parasmai' 3/4/64 se honevAlA 'aG', 'adyutat' meM hotA hai kintu 'adedyotIda' meM nahIM hogA kyoMki adedyotId' meM 'dyut' 'yaGlubanta' hai| 3. 'bahuvacana' se nirdiSTa-: 'tergrahAdibhyaH' 4/4/33 se 'graha' Adi dhAtu ke para meM Aye hue azit 'ti' pratyaya kI Adi meM 'iTa' hotA hai ata: 'bhaNiti' meM 'ti' pratyaya ke Adi meM 'iTa' hogA kintu 'yaGlubanta'- 'bambhANTi' meM 'iT' nahIM hogA kyoMki vaha bahuvacana nirdiSTa' gaNakArya hai| 'ekasvaranimittaka' kArya-: jaise 'zakta' meM 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH'- 4/4/56 se 'iTa' kA niSedha hotA hai vaise 'yaGlubanta zak' dhAtu se 'zAzakitaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'iTa' kA niSedha nahIM hogA kyoMki vaha 'ekasvaranimittaka' kArya hai| vastutaH 'zAzakitaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'ekasvaratva' kA abhAva hai| ataH 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH' 4/4/56 sUtra kI pravRtti nahIM hogI kintu 'zak' dhAtu ekasvarayukta hone se 'prakRtigrahaNe yaGlubantasyApi'-nyAya se 'zAzaki' bhI ekasvarayukta mAnA jaayegaa| ata: yahA~ bhI 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH' 4/4/56 se iT niSedha kI prApti hai kintu, isI nyAya se niSedha hone se 'iT' niSedha nahIM hogaa| inhIM sUtroM meM 'tiv, zav, 'ityAdi dvArA kiye gaye nirdeza hI isa nyAya ke jJApaka haiM kyoMki isa prakAra tivAdi' se kiye gaye nirdezoM kA anya koI upayoga nahIM hai / kevala 'yaGlubanta' prayoga meM ve hI sUtrokta kArya hote nahIM haiM / ataH arthApatti se aisA mAlUma detA hai ki isa prakAra ke nirdeza, kevala isa nyAya ke astitva ko mAnakara hI kiye gaye haiM / isa nyAya ke pahale aura pA~caveM aMza meM arthAt 'tiv' nirdiSTa kArya aura 'ekasvaranimittaka' kArya meM anityatA nahIM hai kintu 'zava' nirdiSTa 'anubandha' nirdiSTa aura 'gaNa' nirdiSTa kArya meM anityatA hai arthAt unake dvArA nirdiSTa kArya kahIM-kahIM 'yaGlubanta' ko bhI hotA hai / udA. 'zav' se nirdiSTa : jaise 'apAt' meM 'pibaitidAbhUstha:-' 4/3/66 se 'zav' nirdiSTa 'sic' kA lopa huA hai vaise

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 18) 55 'yaGlubanta' 'pA' dhAtu se bhI usI sUtra se hI 'sic' kA lopa hogA aura 'apApAt' rUpa hogaa| 2. anubandha nirdiSTa - jaise 'nRttaH' meM 'DIyazvyaiditaH ktayoH' 4/4/61 se 'iT' kA niSedha huA hai kyoMki 'nRt' dhAtu 'aidit' hai, ataH 'iT' niSedha-anubandha nirdiSTa hai, vaise yaGlubanta 'nRt' dhAtu ko bhI 'iT' niSedha hogA aura 'narInRttaH' rUpa siddha hogaa| 3. gaNanirdiSTa -: 'spRz' dhAtu se 'spraSTA' rUpa karate samaya 'spRzAdisRpo vA' 4/4/112 se jaise 'a' kA Agama hotA hai vaise 'yaGlubanta spRz"dhAtu se 'ti' pratyaya hone para, usI sUtra se 'a' kA Agama hogA aura paspaSTi' rUpa hogaa| isa prakAra 'zava' nirdiSTa, 'anubandha' nirdiSTa, 'gaNa nirdiSTa' kArya yaGlubanta se nahIM hotA hai, nyAya kI anityatA batAyI arthAt kahIM-kahIM ye tInoM kArya 'yaGlubanta' se bhI hote haiM / 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM 'tehAdibhyaH' 4/4/33 ko 'bahuvacananirdiSTa gaNa' kA batAyA gayA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa udAharaNa ko 'Adi-zabda se nirdiSTa gaNa' kA kahate haiM / vastuta: 'Adi' zabda se do prakAra ke gaNa kA sUcana hotA hai / 1. AkRti gaNa 2. sAmAnya gaNa / 1. prathama AkRti gaNa meM kucheka udAharaNa svarUpa prayoga/zabda batAye jAte haiN| usake samAna anya prayoga/zabda jo ziSTa sAhitya meM pAye jAte ho unakA samAveza isI AkRti gaNa meM karanA hotA hai / ataH kevala ekavacana meM 'Adi' zabda ko rakhane se, vaha AkRti gaNa hai yA nahIM isakI koI spaSTatA nahIM hotI hai, ataH siddhahema kI paramparA meM jahA~ jahA~ 'AkRti gaNa' kA nirdeza hai vahA~ vahA~ 'Adi' zabda ko bahuvacana meM rakhA hai aura sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne vRtti meM spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai ki 'bahuvacanamAkRtigaNArtham / ' 'udA. 'noAdibhyaH' 2/1/99, 'gaurAdibhyo mukhyAnDI:' 2/4/19, -- 'AyudhAdibhyo' dhRgo'daNDAdeH' 5/1/94. ___ jabaki dUsare prakAra meM kisI bhI gaNa ke zabda yA dhAtu, parimita saMkhyA meM yA parigaNita zabda ho vahA~ 'Adi' zabda ko ekavacana meM rakhA hai| udA. 'navA zoNAdeH' 2/4/31 'ajAdeH' 2/4/16, 'spRzAdisRpo vA' 4/4/112, 'sarvAdeH-' 1/4/7, 'AyudhAdibhyo dhRgo'daNDAdeH' 5/1/94 / ataH zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA huA 'bahuvacananirdiSTa gaNa' kA udAharaNa 'tergrahAdibhyaH' 4/ 4/33 'Adi' zabda se nirdiSTa gaNa kA udAharaNa bana sakatA hai tathApi usameM bahuvacana niSkAraNa rakhA nahIM hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie tathA AkRti gaNa meM bahuvacana se nirdeza hotA hai aura vaha sAmAnya gaNa se bhinna prakAra kA hai, vaha batAne ke lie hai| ataH use bahuvacananirdiSTa gaNa ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM rakhA vaha sahI/yogya hI hai| yahA~ tIsare aMza 'anubandha' nirdiSTa kArya kI anityatA kA phala batAyA ki 'DIyazvyaiditaH ktayoH' 4/4/61 se jaise 'nRttaH' meM 'iT' kA niSedha huA hai vaise 'narInRttaH 'meM bhI 'iTa' kA niSedha huA hai kintu vaha sahI mAlUma nahIM detA hai / isake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA mAnanA hai ki yahA~

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56 - 4/ nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 'anubandha nirdezatva' hI nahIM hai / vastutaH 'gApAsthAsAdAmAhAkaH ' 4/3/96 meM 'hAk' dhAtu 'anubandha' se nirdiSTa kahA jAtA hai kyoMki svarUpa se hI vaha 'anubandhanirdiSTa' hai, jabaki 'DIyazvyaiditaH ' 4/61 meM upasarjana rUpa, 'anubandha' kA grahaNa kiyA hai kintu 'svarUpAnubandha' kA yahA~ nitAnta abhAva hI hai / ata: ' yaGlubanta' meM isI sUtra kI pravRtti ko koI bAdha nahIM AtA hai aura isa prakAra ke 'anubandhanirdiSTatva' kA svIkAra karane para 'ekasvarAdanusvAreta: ' 4/4/56 meM bhI ' anubandhanirdiSTatva' AyegA aura 'ekasvaranimittaka' ke sabhI udAharaNa isI nyAyAMza ke bhI hoMge / 'DIyazvyaiditaH' 4/4/61 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'nRt' ityAdi dhAtuoM ke 'aikAra' anubandha kA phala batAte hue kahA hai ki 'yaGlubanta' meM iT kA niSedha karane ke lie 'ai' anubandha hai kyoMki kevala 'nRtta:' ityAdi prayoga meM 'veTo'pataH ' 4/4 / 62 sUtra se hI 'iT niSedha' siddha hI hai, ataH 'anubandha' acaritArtha hogA / isalie samudAyarUpa ' yaGlubanta' meM 'iT' kI vyAvRtti karane ke lie 'ai' anubandha hai / isase "kevale'caritArthA anubandhAH samudAyasyopakArakA bhavanti" nyAya kA yaha udAharaNa hai, aisA mAnanA cAhie / kevala isase hI 'anubandhanirdezanimittaka' aisA 'yaGlup' pravRttiniSedha anitya banatA nahIM hai / kyoMki ' anubandhakaraNa' sAmarthya se hI isakA bAdha hotA hai / yaha eka kalpanA hai aura 'DIyazvyaidita:' - 4/4/61 meM ' anubandhanirdezatva' hI nahIM hai aisA Upara batAyA hai, ataH "AcAryazrI ne 'narInRtta:' Adi udAharaNa meM 'iT-niSedha' ke abhAva ke lie anya koI upAya nahIM kiyA hai, ataH 'anubandhanirdeza' ke sAmarthya kA Azraya / AdhAra lenA par3atA hai aura isa prakAra isa nyAya ke 'anubandhanirdiSTa' aMza meM anityatva AtA hai / yadi AcAryazrI ne isa nyAya ko nitya mAnA hotA to 'anubandhanirdeza' ke sAmarthya kA Azraya na liyA hotaa| " yahI prAcIna vicAradhArA AdhArahIna mAlUma detI hai / prAcIna mata kI kamI batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'anubandha nirdezatva' ke donoM prakAroM kA ullekha karate haiM / kadAcit mukhya svarUpa se anubandha kA nirdeza hotA hai, to kadAcit / kvacit gauNa rUpa se anubandhanirdeza hotA hai / prastuta nyAya meM mukhya rUpa se kiye gaye 'anubandhanirdeza' kA hI grahaNa honA cAhie / isakA pratyuttara dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki "DIyazvyaiditaH ktayoH 4/ 4/61 meM 'aidit' aise svarUpa se hI anubandhanirdeza huA hai, ataH yahA~ isakA hI grahaNa hogA kintu ekasvarAdanusvAreta: 4/4 / 56 meM jo anubandhanirdeza hai, usakA grahaNa nahIM hogA / prAcIna mata ke isI tarka kA bhI unhoM ne sayuktika khaNDana kiyA hai, isake lie unhoM ne 'narInRtta:' jaise yaGlubanta ke udAharaNa liye haiM / " 'narInRtta: ' meM 'iT' kA niSedha kisase hotA hai, yaha mahattvapUrNa prazna hai / yahA~ 'veTo'pataH ' 4/4/62 kI prApti nahIM hone se 'DIyazvyaiditaH ktayoH 4/4/61 meM 'aiditkaraNa' ke sAmarthya se 'iT' kA niSedha siddha hotA hai| aba yahA~ 'ekasvarAd' kI anuvRtti ko svIkAra karanA par3atA hai I

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prathama vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 19 ) 57 yadi aisA na mAneM to isI sUtra ke bAda AnevAle 'veTo'pata: ' 4/4/62 meM 'ekasvarAda' kI anuvRtti nahIM hogI / apane mata ke samarthana meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'DIyazvyaidita: - ' 4/4/61 kI vRtti kA ullekha karake kahate haiM ki 'narInRttaH' jaise sthala para anekasvaratva hone para bhI ekasvaranimittaka 'iT' pratiSedha huA hai / isa prakAra yahA~ ekasvaranimittaka kArya kA 'yaGlupi apravRtti' aMza meM bhI bAdha hotA hai / yahA~ 'ekasvaranimittaka' kArya aMza meM aura 'anubandhanirdiSTa' aMza meM kisa prakAra bAdha hotA hai, usako samajhAte hue ve kahate haiM ki "yadi 'aiditkaraNa' ke sAmarthya se aidit nimittaka' hI iT kA pratiSedha mAnane para 'anubandhanirdeza' aura 'ekasvaranimitta' ina donoM aMzoM meM anityatva AyegA aura yadi 'aiditkaraNa' ke sAmarthya se ' anekasvaratva' hone para bhI 'ekasvaranimittaka' rUpa 'DIyazvyaiditaH'4/4/61' yA 'veTo'pataH ' 4/4/62 kI pravRtti kA svIkAra karane para kevala 'ekasvaranimitta' aMza meM hI anityatA AyegI / pariNAmataH do meM se, kisI bhI prakAra se kevala 'anubandhanirdeza' aMza meM isI udAharaNa dvArA anityatA batAyI nahIM jA sakatI hai / yaha nyAya yadyapi vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, paribhASApATha, zAkaTAyana paribhASApATha ityAdi kucheka paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai / tathApi pANinIya paraMparA ke mahAbhASya meM isakI vistRta carcA pAyI jAtI hai / aura yaha nyAya bhASya aviruddha hone se isakA svIkAra karanA cAhie / // 19 // sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tadvighAtasya // 'saMnipAtalakSaNavidhi' apane nimitta kA ghAta karatI nahIM hai tathA usameM 'nimitta' bhI nahIM banatI hai / 'sannipatati - saGgacchate kAryamasminniti sannipAto nimittam, tallakSaNaM cihnaM yasya sa sannipAtalakSaNaH / ko'rthaH ? nimittarUpamavyabhicAri cihnaM dRSTvA nirNItapravRttikaH, svanimittAdudbhUta iti yAvat / sa vidhistasya prastAvAt svanimittasya vighAte nimittaM na syAt / ' zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA huA isa nyAya kA yahI artha bahuta kliSTa aura aspaSTa hai / 'kAtantra' kI parabhASAvRtti meM 'sannipAtalakSaNa vidhi' kI vyAkhyA saba se sarala aura spaSTa zabdoM meM dI hai| 'yo yamAzritya utpadyate sa taM prati sannipAtaH / " jo jisake Azraya se / AdhAra para utpanna hotA hai, vaha usake prati 'sannipAta' kahA jAtA hai / yahI 'sannipAta' jisakA nimitta hai, vaisI vidhi, 'sannipAtalakSaNavidhi' kahI jAtI hai / yahI 'sannipAtalakSaNavidhi 'apane nimitta kA ghAta karatI nahIM hai / yadi aisI vidhi se apane nimitta kA ghAta hotA ho, to isakI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / pANinIya tantra kI paribhASAvRtti meM 'saMnipAtalakSaNavidhi' kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra dI gaI hai - 'yasyAnantaryeNa yo vihitaH tad Anantaryamasau na viruNaddhi' ( paribhASAsaGgraha pRSTha 229 ) 'jo, jisake Anantarya se utpanna huA hai, vaha, usake Anantarya kA virodha nahIM karatA hai / 1. kAtaMtra-bhAvamizrakRtaparibhASAvRtti, paribhASA kra.naM. 12, ( paribhASAsaMgraha, pR. 68 )

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nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) yaha vyAkhyA bhI sarala hai kintu 'kAtantra' kI vyAkhyA jaisI spaSTa aura sarala nahIM hai, sAthasAtha yaha bAta bhI ullekhanIya hai ki zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI paribhASAvRtti meM bhI isI prakAra kI vyAkhyA dI gaI hai / kevala 'utpadyate' ke sthAna para 'samutpannaH' zabda rakhA hai / 'zeSAdrinAtha' ne "paribhASAbhAskara' meM 'sannipAta' kA artha, donoM kA sambandha kiyA hai / isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai - 'dvayoH sambandhaH sannipAtaH, sa: lakSaNaM nimittaM yasya saH, tadvighAtasya animittam / arthAt 'nimitta' aura 'nimitti' donoM ke sambandha ke kAraNa jo vidhi huI hai, vaha vidhi, una donoM ke (nimita' aura 'nimitti' ke) sambandha kA ghAta nahIM karatI hai| isa nyAya kA kAraNa batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki loka meM/vyavahAra meM pitRghAtaka putra ityAdi rUpa kArya se kAraNa-svarUpa pitA Adi kA nAza dekhA jAtA hai kintu vyAkaraNa meM prAyaH aisA hotA nahIM hai, isakA jJApana karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. papAca, yahA~ parokSA' ke 'Nav' pratyaya ke kAraNa 'dvirdhAtuH parokSAGe prAk tu svare svaravidheH' 4/1/1 se dhAtu kA dvitva hogA aura 'vyaJjanasyAnAderluk 4/1/44 se 'ca' kA lopa hogA, isa prakAra 'pac' dhAtu 'anekasvarayukta' hone para 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm parokSAyAH kRbhvasti cAnutadantam 3/4/46 se 'Na' kA 'Am' hone kI prApti hai kintu vahI 'Am', 'Nav' kA vighAtaka hone se, nahIM hogaa| _ 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm' - 3/4/46 sUtra meM sAmAnya se kiyA gayA kathana isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / vaha isa prakAra - : dhAtu kA 'anekasvaratva' do prakAra kA hai, 1. 'parokSAhetuka' aura 2. 'sAmAnya' / Upara batAyA huA 'pac' Adi kA dvitva parokSAhetuka hai, aura 'cakAs' ityAdi kA svAbhAvika hai| dUsare prakAra ke svAbhAvika 'anekasvaratva' meM 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm' -3/4/46 se 'Am' hogA kintu 'papAca' ityAdi meM nahIM hotA hai , tathApi sUtra meM anekasvarAdAm' svarUpa sAmAnyokti, isI nyAya ke kAraNa hI kI gaI hai| yaha nyAya kahIM kahIM (kvacit-kvacit ) anitya hai, ata: 'atijarasaiH' rUpa meM 'atijara' zabda akArAnta hone se 'bhis' kA 'ais' Adeza hotA hai aura vahI 'ais' Adeza svarAdi hone se akArAnta 'jara' zabda kA 'jarAyA jarasvA' 2/1/3 se 'jaras' Adeza hokara 'atijarasaiH' rUpa siddha huA hai| 'jarAmatikrAntaH atijara:' zabda meM 'gozcAnte husvo'naMzisamAseyobahuvrIhau' 2/4/96 se 'hasva' hone para vaha akArAnta hogA / ata: 'bhisa aisa' 1/4/3 se adantatvanimittaka, 'bhis' kA 'ais' Adeza huA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya se bhI, 'jarAyA jarasvA' 2/1/3 sUtra se 'jara' zabda kA 'jaras' Adeza nahIM hotA, kyoMki isase 'jara' zabda ke adantatva kA nAza hotA hai, tathApi 'jaras' Adeza hotA hai vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA siddha karatA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa nyAya ko lokasiddha batAyA hai, jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne lokaviruddha

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 20) batAyA hai.| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki "jo jisake Azraya meM rahA hai vaha usakA virodha nahIM karatA hai, arthAt AzrayI, AzrayadAtA ko hAni/nukazAna ho, aisA kucha bhI nahIM karatA hai, ataH yaha nyAya laukika nyAyamUlaka hI hai|" jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki pitA kA ghAta karanevAlA putra hotA hai / pitA kAraNa hai aura putra kArya hai / vaha kArya-rUpa putra, kAraNa-rUpa pitA kA nAza karatA hai / jabaki vyAkaraNa meM aisA nahIM hotA hai, aisA batAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai|" isa bAta kA inkAra/virodha karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki pitRghAtaka putra ko loga ayogya/ niMdya hI mAnate haiM, ataH yaha dRSTAnta yahA~ batAnA ucita nahIM hai| kintu yahA~ pitA aura putra ko, kevala kAraNa aura kArya sambandha hI dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM lenA cAhie kyoMki kisI bhI dRSTAnta meM sarvAMza se sAmya/sAdRzya nahIM hotA hai kintu usake eka hI aMza meM sAmya batAyA jAtA hai / udA. purusasIhANaM, 'puruSoM meM siMha jaise (tIrthaMkaroM) ko / ' yahA~ puruSa ko siMha kI upamA dI gaI hai, ataH puruSa kA svarUpa siMha jaisA nahIM ho jAtA hai aura usI puruSa ko cAra paira, kesarA yA usameM hiMsakatva nahIM hotA hai, isase isa upamA ko anucita bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / ataH isa nyAya meM diye gae dRSTAnta ko anucita kahanA yogya/sahI nahIM hai / zrIlAvaNyasarijI ke batAye hae artha meM bhI kvacita Azraya prApta karanevAlA, apane AzrayadAtA kA nAza karatA huA yA 'hAni karanevAlA yA virodhI dekhA jAtA hai ! ataH unakA diyA huA udAharaNa bhI ucita nahIM lagatA hai isalie isa nyAya ko lokasiddha batAnA upayukta nahIM hai| pANinIya paramparA ke 'mahAbhASya' meM, kRnmejanta: [ pA.sU. 1/1/39 ] kI vRtti meM isa nyAya ke guNadoSa kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai aura anta meM batAyA hai ki "yadyapi isa nyAya kA svIkAra karane meM bahuta se doSa haiM tathApi isako avazya svIkAra karanA cAhie aura jahA~ doSa AtA ho vahA~ pratividhAna karanA arthAt vahA~ isa nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya karanA cAhie / ' yadyapi isa nyAya kI anityatA ke udAharaNa aura jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'atijarasaiH' prayoga kI carcA kI gaI hai, kintu udAharaNa aura jJApaka bhinna-bhinna nahIM batAye haiM, tathApi 'atijarasaiH' prayoga udAharaNa hai aura 'bhis' kA 'ais' Adeza kiyA, yaha jJApaka hai, aisA samajha lenA / / yahI paribhASA, vyADi se lekara nAgeza taka pANinIya paramparA ke sabhI paribhASA-saMgraha aura kAtantra, kAlApa, jainendra, bhoja Adi anya sabhI paramparA meM prApta hai| // 20 // asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge // 'antaraGga' kArya karanA ho, taba 'bahiraGga' kArya asiddha arthAt asadvat hotA hai| prakRti Azrita ho yA pUrvavyavasthita ho yA jisake nimitta alpa ho vaha 'antaraGga' kArya mAnA jAtA hai|

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60 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) pratyaya Azrita ho yA, bahirvyavasthita ho yA jisake nimitta adhika ho vaha 'bahiraGga' kArya mAnA jAtA hai| 'bahiraGga' kArya, 'antaraGga' kArya karanA ho taba, asiddha/asadvat hotA hai arthAt 'bahiraGga' kArya huA hI nahIM aisA mAnakara 'antaraGga' kArya karanA / __'bahiraGga' kArya kI durbalatA batAnevAlA yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'giryoH' Adi meM 'i' kA 'ya' pratyayAzrita hone se aura bahirvyavasthita hone se bahiraGga kArya hai, jabaki 'bhvAde mino dI?orvyaJjane' 2/1/63 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi prakRti Azrita aura pUrvavyavasthita hone se antaraGga kArya hai / ata: 'dIrghavidhi' karate samaya bahiraGga kArya rUpa 'yatva' asiddha hogA, ataH ra ke bAda vyaJjana nahIM milane se 'bhvAdernAmino dIrgho-' 2/1/63 se dIrgha nahIM hogaa| tathA 'taccAru ' meM 't' kA 'ca' ubhayapadAzrita hai kyoMki 'cAru' ke 'ca' ke yoga meM vaha huA hai, ataH vaha bahiraGga kArya hai, jabaki usI 'ca' kA 'cajaH kagam' 2/1/86 se 'k' karate samaya, vahI 'catva' asiddha hogA kyoMki 'katva vidhi' ekapadAzrita hai, ata: vaha antaraGga kArya hai, isalie 'ca' kA 'k' nahIM hogaa| 'na sandhi-DI-ya-kvi-dvi-dIrghAsadvidhAvasklu ki' 7/4/111 meM 'sandhividhi' meM 'sthAnivadbhAva' ke niSedha se hI 'dvitvavidhi' meM 'sthAnivadabhAva' kA niSedha siddha ho jAtA hai tathApi 'dvitvavidhi' meM 'sthAnivadbhAva' kA niSedha siddha karane ke lie 'dvi' zabda se 'dvitvavidhi' pRthaggrahaNa kiyA, vahI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / _ 'daddhayatra' Adi prayoga meM 'yatva' Adi kA isa nyAya se utpanna asiddhatva dvArA, jo 'sthAnivadbhAva' hotA hai, usake niSedha ke lie isa sUtra meM 'dvi' kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| dadhi atra - dadh y atra - dadhdha y atra - dad dh y atra / uparyukta prayoga meM 'adIrghAdvirAmaikavyaJjane' 1/3/32 sUtra se 'dh' kA dvitva karate samaya 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau' 7/4/ 110 sUtra se honevAlA 'sthAnivadbhAva' "na sandhi-DI........'7/4/111 sUtra meM 'sandhi' sUtra meM 'sandhi' kA grahaNa karane se niSedha ho jAtA hai kyoMki 'dvitva' bhI 'sandhividhi' hI hai aura-(prathama adhyAya ke) dvitIya aura tRtIya pAda kI vidhi hI anukrama se svara-sandhi aura vyaJjana-sandhi kahalAtI hai| __aisI paristhiti hone se, AcAryazrI ko punaH zaMkA huI ki 'dh' kA 'dvitva' karanA abhI bhI azakya hai kyoMki 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau' 7/4/110 se honevAlA 'ya' ke sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha 'na-sandhi GI'-7/4/111 sUtra meM 'sandhi' ke grahaNa se ho jAtA hai, tathApi 'asiddha bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya se, 'ya' ke asiddhatva dvArA honevAle 'sthAnivadbhAva' kisI bhI prakAra se dUra nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH isa nyAya se honevAle 'sthAnivadbhAva' rUpa 'asiddhatva' ko dUra karane ke lie 'na sandhi-GI-'.....7/4/111 sUtra meM 'dvi' kA pRthaggrahaNa kiyA hai| isI prakAra se bAdhaka svarUpa 'dvi' grahaNa, bAdhya svarUpa 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya kA

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 20) jJApaka hai / vaha ucita hai kyoMki bAdhaka aura bAdhya kA avinAbhAva-sambandha hotA hai ataH bAdhaka yadi 'dvigrahaNa' ho to usakA koI bAdhya avazya honA cAhie aura vaha bAdhya, prastuta nyAya hI hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai kyoMki agalA nyAya isakA apavAda hai| A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya kA artha pANinIya paramparA ke 'mahAbhASya' Adi ke anusAra karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki antaraGgakArya karanA ho taba usake pUrva huA aura antaraGga ke sAtha-sAtha honevAlA arthAt samakAlaprApta bahiraGga kArya asiddha/asadvat hotA hai / jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne, pahale huA ho aise bahiraGga kArya ko asiddha batAnevAlA udAharaNa, 'giryoH = giri + os' diyA hai, kintu samakAlaprApta bahiraGga kArya kI asiddhi batAnevAlA udAharaNa nahIM diyA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI samakAlaprApta bahiraGga kArya kI asiddhi batAnevAle udAharaNa isa prakAra dete haiM-(1) mRvyA , paTavyA / yahA~ mRdu + GI (I) + TA (A), paTu + GI (I) + TA (A), yahA~ I (GI) kA, TA (A) ke nimitta se 'ya' hone kI prApti hai aura vaha bahiraGga kArya hai kyoMki parapratyayanimittaka hai, jabaki 'u' kA 'v' Adeza prakRti Azrita hai / ataH vaha antaraGga kArya hai| isa prakAra donoM kArya-antaraGga aura bahiraGga kArya samakAla hone kI prApti hai / yahA~ isa nyAya se bahiraGga kArya nirbala banatA hai aura isalie antaraGga kArya prathama hogA, ataH 'mRdvI + A' aura 'paTvI + A' hogA, bAda meM bahiraGga kArya rUpa 'yatva' hogA aura 'mRdvyA, pavyA' rUpa siddha hoNge| __ dUsarA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai-'ayaje indram' meM 'ayaja+i+indram' hai / isa taraha vAkyasaMskAra pakSa meM-'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se prApta 'dIrghavidhi', samakAlaprApta bahiraGga kArya hai ata: usakA bAdha karake 'avarNasyevarNAdinaidodaral' 1/2/6 se honevAlA 'etva' rUpa antaraGga kArya prathama hogA, aura 'ayaje indram' rUpa siddha hogaa| yahI samakAlaprApta antaraGga-bahiraGga kArya kA jJApana 'omAGi' 1/2/18 sUtra meM kiye gae 'AG' ke grahaNa se hotA hai| prastuta nyAya ke astitva se hI 'AG' grahaNa caritArtha hotA hai / yaha nyAya na hotA ho to vaha 'AG' grahaNa vyartha hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne batAyA hai| yahA~ 'adya + A + UDhA' meM dhAtu aura upasarga ke bIca honevAlA sambandha/sandhi antaraGga kArya hai, jabaki 'adya' ke 'dya' ke 'a' ke sAtha 'AG' ke 'A' kI sandhi bahiraGga kArya hai, ata: prathama 'A' aura 'UDhA' ke 'U' ke bIca 'avarNasyevarNAdinaidodaral' 1/2/6 sUtra se sandhi hokara 'otva' hogA, pariNAmataH 'adya oDhA' hogA / bAda meM 'omAGi' 1/2/18 sUtra se 'adya' ke 'a' kA lopa hone para adyoDhA' rUpa siddha hogaa| ata: isa nyAya se 'AGgrahaNa' sArthaka hogA / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'adya' ke 'a' kI 'AG' ke sAtha prathama sandhi hokara 'adyA + UDhA' hotA, bAda meM punaH sandhi hokara 'adyoDhA' rUpa siddha ho jAtA, ataH 'omAGi 1/2/18 sUtra meM 'AGgrahaNa' vyartha hotA / ye udAharaNa aura jJApaka paribhASA ke kSetra meM saba se prAcIna mAne jAnevAle vyADikRta 'paribhASAsUcana' kI vRtti meM batAye haiM kintu isake sAtha yaha bAta bhI vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai

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62 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa ) ki 'vyADi ' ke 'paribhASAsUcana' meM 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya do bAra diyA gayA hai| eka kA anukrama naM. 36 hai, dUsare kA anukrama naM. 79 haiM / 36 naM. se yukta paribhASA meM 'antaraGga ' bahiraGgAt arthAt samakAlaprApta antaraGga-bahiraGga kArya kA udAharaNa hai / jabaki 79 naM. yukta paribhASA meM 'antaraGga' kArya karanA ho, taba usake pahale kiyA gayA 'bahiraGga kArya' asiddha hotA hai, usakA udAharaNa hai / pANinIya paramparA meM 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya hI 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai aura sarvatra, bahiraGga kArya prathama kiyA gayA ho vahA~ aura antaraGga-bahiraGgadonoM kI samakAlaprApti ho vahA~ bhI, ' bhASyakAra' Adi ne usakA upayoga kiyA hai, kintu usI paramparA anusAra yahA~ vyavasthA karanA ucita nahIM lagatA hai kyoMki usase spaSTa rUpa se paraspara virodha AtA hai aura kucha anya kaThinAiyA~ bhI AtI haiM, unakA kramazaH vicAra kareMge / ( 1 ) 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya meM prathama bahiraGga kArya hotA hai, bAda meM aisI paristhiti upasthita hotI hai ki bAhya nimitta ke kArya dvArA kiye gaye vikAra ke kAraNa, jaba anya prakAra kA antaraGga kArya hone kI prApti hotI hai, taba bahiraGga kArya asiddha hotA hai / pariNAmataH antaraGga kArya ke anukUla nimitta na milane se antaraGga kArya nahIM hotA hai| jabaki 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya meM samakAlaprApta antaraGga aura bahiraGga kArya meM se antaraGga kArya hI hotA hai aura bahiraGga kArya kadApi nahIM hotA hai / bahiraGga kArya kA niSedha karane ke lie hI yaha ( antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt ) nyAya hai / (2) 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya kevala bahiraGga kArya ko asadvat karatA hai, ataH 'balAbalokti' nyAya meM isakA samAveza nahIM ho sakatA hai / jabaki 'antaraGga bahiraGgAt' nyAya meM spaSTa rUpa se antaraGga kArya kI prabalatA kA nirdeza hotA hai / jahA~ eka sAtha do kArya sambandhita bhinna bhinna sUtra kI prApti ho aura una donoM ke bIca spardhA hotI ho, aisI paristhiti meM 'balAbalokti' nyAyoM kA upayoga hotA hai / ( 3 ) 'na svarAnantarye' nyAya, svaroM ke 'Anantarya' ke kSetra meM isa nyAya kA bAdhaka nyAya hai | yadi 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya kA samAveza 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya meM kareMge to, vahI 'na svarA - ' nyAya svaroM ke Anantarya ke kSetra meM 'antaraGgaM - ' nyAya kA bhI bAdha karegA, jo iSTa / ucita nahIM hai / uparyukta tInoM kAraNoM se sUtrakAra AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne 'mahAbhASyakAra' kI aura pANinIya paramparA kI 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya meM hI 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya kA samAveza karane kI paramparA kA tyAga karake, donoM nyAyoM kA apanA apanA svataMtra astitva hai, yaha batAne ke lie zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAtantra, kAlApaka aura bhoja vyAkaraNa kI taraha donoM ko alaga kiyA hai aura bhinna-bhinna sthAna para rakhA hai| yadi, unako, ina donoM nyAya ke kAryakSetra eka hI pratIta hotA to, jaise, unhoMne 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' // 20 // aura 'na svarAnantarye' // 21 // donoM nyAyoM ko ekasAtha rakhe, vaise usake sAtha hI tIsarA ' antaraGga - nyAya bhI rakha diyA hotA / kintu vaisA nahIM kiyA ,

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63 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 20) hai, usase donoM nyAyoM ke svatantra astitva kA bodha hotA hai / aura siddhahemabRhadvRti meM jahA~ jahA~ 'asiddhaM bahiraGga-' nyAya kA upayoga kiyA hai vahA~ do kAryo kI samakAlaprApti ke udAharaNa hai hI nahIM, kintu pahale kiye gae bahiraGga kArya ke kAraNa prApta naye antaraGga kArya kA jinameM niSedha hotA hai, vaise udAharaNa milate haiN| udA. (1) atikroSTA, priyakroSTA......1/4/91 (2) kurvannAste, kRSannAste......1/3/27 (3) nArpatyaH, nArkuTaH, tavarkAraH ......1/3/53 zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'vizeSApekSAt sAmAnyApekSamantaraGa, vizeSApekSe vizeSa dharmasyAdhikasya nimittatvAt' kahakara, antaraGga aura bahiraGga kI vyAkhyA, anya kisI ke matAnusAra dI hai, kintu yaha mata kisakA hai vaha spaSTatayA batAyA nahIM hai aura 'nyAyasaGgraha' kI 'bRhadvRtti' yA 'nyAsa' meM isake bAre meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / zAyada laghunyAsakAra kA yaha mata ho sakatA hai / isakI carcA karate hue unhoM ne batAyA hai ki vizeSa meM sAmAnya dharma aura vizeSa dharma donoM hote haiM jabaki sAmAnya meM kevala sAmAnya dharma hI rahatA hai| ataH vizeSa ko bahiraGga aura sAmAnya ko antaraGga kahA jAtA hai| kintu isa bAta ko asvIkAra karate hue ve kahate haiM ki yadyapi vizeSa ke vyApyatva dvArA vyApaka rUpa sAmAnya kI upasthiti anumAna dvArA hotI hai, tathApi usI sAmAnya kA nimitta vizeSa meM hotA hai, aisA mAnane meM koI pramANa nahIM hai, ataH vizeSa meM adhikadharmanimittakatva saMgata nahIM hotA hai aura bhASya meM bhI isa prakAra ke antaraGgatva aura bahiraGgatva kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM huA hai| pUrvopasthitinimitta ke balavattva kA bodhaka yaha nyAya loka se bhI siddha hai, aisA mahAbhASya meM batAyA gayA hai / 'acaH parasmin pUrvavidhau' [pA. sU. 1/1/57] ke bhASya meM kahA hai ki yaha paribhASA/nyAya lokasiddha hai / kisa taraha ? loka pratyaGgavartI' hote haiM arthAt koI bhI manuSya subaha uThakara apane zarIra sambandhita sarva kArya karatA hai, kyoMki vaha zarIra sakala bhoga kA sAdhana hai| bAda meM suhRd arthAt svajana aura usake bAda anya sambandhI ke kArya karatA hai| usI prakAra yahA~ zabdazAstra meM bhI jisa krama se arthoM kA sAmIpya hotA hai, usI krama se zabdoM kI upasthiti hotI hai / (yahI bAta zabdaprayoktA ke lie hai|) jabaki sunanevAloM ke lie prathama zabdopasthiti hotI hai, bAda meM usake anusAra arthopasthiti hotI hai| jisa taraha liGga, saGkhyA, kAraka ityAdi se yukta zabdoM kA bAhya artha ke sAtha yoga hogA aura usI taraha se bAhyArthavAcaka zabda kA sambandha bhI anukrama se hogA / saMkSepa meM zabda meM padatva lAne ke lie Avazyaka vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA prathama ho jAyegI aura usI zabda sambandhita saMkhyA, kAraka Adi zurU se hI AyeMge, kintu vAkya meM usakA prayoga karate samaya eka zabda kA dUsare zabdoM ke sAtha sambandha hogA aura usI samaya sandhi, samAsa ityAdi aneka kArya hoMge / ina 1. yahA~ 'pratyaGga' zabda kA artha pratyAsannavAcI hai /

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64 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) donoM padoM ko jor3ane ke lie sandhi Adi kArya meM bhI, zabdoM ke krama kA vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| ataH upasarga ityAdi ko krama kI dRSTi se prAdhAnya prApta hogaa| isa prakAra antaraGgatva aura bahiraGgatva ke nirNaya ke lie zabda kI vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se prayoga-yogyatA prApta karane kI prakriyA svayaM hI nirNAyaka hai| isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI apanA abhiprAya/mantavya isa prakAra prastuta karate haiN| 'na sandhi-GI....' 7/4/111 sUtragata 'na' pada 'sthAnIvA-' 7/4/109 sUtragata 'sthAni' pada ke sAtha sambandhita hai / ataH 'asiddhaM bahiraGga-' nyAya se prApta 'asiddhatva' ko dUra karane meM 'dvigrahaNa' samartha nahIM hai, aisI AzaMkA ho sakatI hai / tathApi 'dvi-grahaNa' ke sAmarthya se, prakaraNa se nahIM Aye hue, anumita 'sthAni' kA bhI niSedha hotA hai, aisA artha svIkRta hotA hai / vastutaH 'asiddha bahiraGa-' nyAya aura 'dvi-grahaNa' ke bIca anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai, kyoMki nyAya siddha hone para dvi-grahaNa sArthaka banatA hai aura 'dvi-grahaNa' se nyAya kI siddhi hotI hai / isa doSa ko dUra karane ke lie aisA batAyA jAtA hai ki yaha nyAya lokasiddha hI hai, kintu usake niSedha ke lie dvi-grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, aisA samajhakara vyAkaraNa meM bhI isI dvi-grahaNa se prastuta nyAya kI pravRtti anumita hotI hai| // 21 // na svarAnantarye // do svara bilkula pAsa/naz2adIka meM Ane para, yadi antaraGga kArya karanA ho to bahiraGga kArya 'asiddha/asadvat' nahIM hotA hai| pUrva nyAya se prApta 'asiddhatva' kA yaha nyAya niSedha karatA hai / udA. iyeSa, babhUvuSA / ina donoM prayoga meM anukrama se 'iS' dhAtu ke 'i' kA guNa aura 'kvasu' pratyaya kA 'uS' Adeza, donoM bahirvyavasthita hone se bahiraGga kArya hai / jabaki 'pUrvasyAsve svare yvoriyuv' 4/1/37 aura 'dhAtorivarNovarNasye'-2/1/50 se honevAlA 'iy' aura 'uv' pUrvavyavasthita hone se antaraGga kArya hai| ataH ina donoM prayogoM meM yadi pUrva nyAya se antaraGga kAryarUpa 'iy' aura 'uv' Adeza karate samaya 'i' kA guNa aura 'kvasu' kA 'uS' Adeza asiddha hogA to para meM asva svara yA svara nahIM milane se 'iy' aura 'u' Adeza nahIM hoNge| ata: isa nyAya se do svara pAsa-pAsa Aye hone se 'iy' aura 'uj' Adeza karate samaya 'e' aura 'uS' donoM asiddha/asadvat nahIM hoMge aura rUpasiddhi hogii| 'vRttyanto'saSe' 1/1/25 sUtragata 'vRttyanto' nirdeza, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yahA~ antas' zabda kA 's' kA 'so ru:' 2/1/72 se 'ru' huaa| bAda meM 'ato'ti roru:' 1/3/20 se 'ru' ke 'ra' kA 'u' hogaa| yaha 'u' para 'a' kAra nimittaka hai, ataH vaha bahiraGga kArya hai, vahI 'u' kA pUrva ke 'a' ke sAtha milakara avarNasyevarNAdi-'1/2/6 se honevAlA 'o', pUrva 'a' kAranimittaka

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65 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 21) hone se antaraGga kArya hai| ataH yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to pUrva ke nyAya se 'u' kA 'o' karate samaya, 'u' bahiraGga kArya hone se asiddha hotA aura 'o' hotA hI nahIM kintu svayaM AcAryazrI ne isa prakAra nirdeza kiyA hai, usase jJApita hotA hai ki yahA~ 'na svarAnantarye' nyAya hai| isa nyAya se pUrvanyAya kA bAdha hone se 'u' asiddha nahIM hogaa| prastuta nyAya kI anityatA dikhAyI nahIM paDatI hai / 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGke' nyAya, sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 aura 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau' 7/4/110 ke prakAra kA hai, jabaki yaha 'na svarAnantarye' nyAya, 'na sandhi-GI'.....7/4/111 kA sajAtIya hai| yahA~ pUrva ke 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya ke tInoM pada kI arthAt samagra nyAya kI anuvRtti samajha lenA / anyathA yahA~ 'na' asambaddha bana jAtA hai| ina donoM nyAya meM jJApaka kI apekSA se paurvAparya sambandha dikhAyI nahIM par3atA, kyoMki 'asiddhaM bahiraGga-' nyAya kA jJApaka 'na sandhiDI'....7/4/111 sUtragata 'dvigrahaNa' hai, jabaki 'na svarAnantarye' nyAya kA jJApaka vRttyanto'saSe' 1/ 1/25 sUtra svayaM hai| ina donoM jJApaka ke bIca bahuta hI antara hone se, donoM nyAya bhinna-bhinna pradeza meM sthita hone se, donoM ke bIca koI sambandha nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiN| kintu unakI yaha bAta ucita nahIM lagatI hai| nyAya/paribhASAe~ samagra zAstra ko avachinna karatI hai/lAgu hotI hai / ata: unameM se amuka kevala prathama adhyAya ke lie hai aura amuka kevala sAtaveM adhyAya ke lie hI hai aisA nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA hai aura eka hI nyAya kA vibhinna adhyAyoM meM upayoga kiyA hai tathA jJApaka bhI kvacit eka se adhika sthAna para milate haiM taba ve jJApaka bhI vibhinna adhyAyoM meM ho sakate haiM / ataH pANinIya paramparAnusAra 'yathoddezaM saMjJAparibhASam' ke pakSa ko svIkAra karake, ina donoM nyAyoM ke jJApakoM ke bIca bahuta antara hone se anuvRtti saMbhava nahIM hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai, tathApi yahA~ ina donoM nyAyoM ke 'sahapATha' ko svIkAra karake, una donoM ke bIca-Anantarya kA unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha isa prakAra hai| A. zrIhemacandrasUrijI tathA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne prastuta nyAyoM kI sUtrAtmaka paddhati se racanA kI hai| ataH eka hI nyAya meM Aye zabdoM kI unake jaise yA unake apavAda svarUpa nyAyoM meM phira se jarUrata hone se una nyAyoM meM phira usI zabda kI punarukti na karanI hotI aura saMkSepa meM bahuta kahA jA sake, isalie vaise sabhI nyAyoM ko eka hI sthAna para/sAtha meM rakhakara, paurvAparya sambandha sthApita kiyA hai / ata eva pUrvanyAya meM sthita zabdoM kI, para nyAya meM anuvRtti ho sakatI hai, yadi ve samAnaviSayaka hoM to| __pANinIya paramparA meM bhASyakAra ne bhI asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya ke bAda, aba 'nAjAnantarye' nyAya kahU~gA, aisA kahA hai / yahA~ bhI ina donoM nyAyoM ke bIca-paurvAparya sambandha hai aura isa prakAra asiddhaM, bahiraGgaM aura antaraGge, tInoM zabda kI anuvRtti kA sUcana mila jAtA hai / 'nAgeza' Adi ne bhI 'nAjAnantarye bahiSTava praklRptiH' nyAya meM 'antaraGge' pada kI anuvRtti kI hai, kintu unhoMne kahA

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66 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) hai ki yahA~ 'vahiSTva' zabda bahiraGgavAcaka hone se 'antaraGge' pada upasthita ho hI jAtA hai, kyoMki bahiraGga aura antaraGga anyonya donoM kI apekSA rahatI hai, ataH bhASya kI vyAkhyA se yahA~ 'antaraGge' zabda kI upasthiti hotI hai, aisA na kahanA cAhie / saMkSepa meM, pANinIya paramparA meM nyAya / paribhASA ko eka-dUsare se bilkula svatantra mAnate haiM, jabaki siddhahema kI paramparA meM samAnaviSayaka nyAya, eka-dUsare se sambandhita haiM aura pUrva ke nyAya meM se, agale nyAya meM zAbdika anuvRtti AtI hai aura ve eka-dUsare ke bAdhya - bAdhaka bhI banate haiM / isa nyAya kI anityatA kyoM nahIM hai ? yaha nyAya, pUrvanyAya kI pravRtti kA bAdha karatA hai, kintu vaha bAdha kevala aniSTa sthAna para hI hotA hai arthAt pUrvanyAya se jahA~ aniSTa prayoga siddha hotA ho, vahA~ hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai| isa prakAra yaha nyAya pUrvanyAya kI apravRtti kA mAtra / kevala sUcaka hI hai ataH isa nyAya kI anityatA kA saMbhava nahIM hai / isa nyAya ke udAharaNoM meM 'iyeSa' udAharaNa bhI diyA hai, kintu usameM kucha doSa hai, ataH vaha nirbala banatA hai, isakI carcA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne nyAsa meM kI hai, kintu, usameM se kucheka tarkoM kA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne khaMDana kiyA hai / iS + Nav ( parokSA.....3/3/12) iS iS + Nav (dvirghAtuH parokSA - .....4/1/1) i iS + Nav (vyaJjanasyAnAderluk 4/1/44) i eS + Nav (a) ( laghorupAntyasya 4 /3/4) iy eS + a ( pUrvasyAsve svare.....4 / 1 / 37 ) iyeSa zrImahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'iyeSa' rUpa meM 'e' kA 'asiddhaM bahiraGga - ' nyAya se jo asiddhatva prApta hotA hai, usakI isa nyAya se nivRtti hotI hai, tathApi pUrva 'i' kA 'iy' Adeza nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau ' 7/4/110 se 'e' kA avazya sthAnivadbhAva hogA hI / usakA uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki isa prakAra yahA~ sthAnivadbhAva kA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki 'svarasya pare'7/4/110 paribhASA meM 'pare' zabda meM saptamI vibhakti hai aura 'saptamyA (nirdiSTe) pUrvasya' 7/4/ 105, paribhASA meM kahA hai ki 'saptamI' se nirdiSTa jo kArya hotA hai, vaha avyavahita pUrva ko hI hotA / ataH yahA~ 'saptamI' se nirdiSTa sthAnivadbhAva avyavahita pUrva svara kA hI hogaa| yahA~ 'e' aura 'Nav' pratyaya ke bIca 'S ' kA vyavadhAna hai, ataH sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA, arthAt yahA~ 'etva' anantaraparanimittaka hone para hI sthAnivadbhAva hogA, jaise 'kathayati' meM 'katha' ke 'a' kA lopa, anantaraparanimitta 'Ni' ke kAraNa hI 'ata: ' 4/3/82 sUtra se hotA hai / usakA sthAnivadbhAva karane se 'JNiti' 4/3/50 se honevAlI 'upAntyavRddhi' nahIM hogI, kintu yaha bAta sahI pratIta nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki 'laghorupAntyasya' 4 / 3 / 4 sUtra meM 'akGiti' meM saptamI hone para bhI, avyavahita pUrva kA guNa hotA hI nahIM, kyoMki upAntya laghu svara, 'akiGit ' pratyaya se avyavahita pUrva meM kadApi hotA

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prathama vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 21 ) 67 hI nahIM / ataH 'yena nAvyavadhAnaM, tena vyavahite'pi bhavati' nyAya se, eka varNa ke vyavadhAna meM bhI pravRtti hotI hai / ataH eka hI varNa ke vyavadhAna ke kAraNa paranimittaka Adeza kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai, ataH sthAnivadbhAva ho sakatA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha ki 'saptamyA pUrvasya' 7/4/105 aura 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau 7/4/110, donoM paribhASA sUtra haiM / paribhASA sUtra, anya sUtra prati anukta artha kI pUrti dvArA guNa karate haiM, ataH isameM guNatva AyegA tathA guNoM ke bIca paraspara sambandha nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki donoM samAna haiN| jaise rAjA aura sevaka ke bIca svAmI / sevya-sevakabhAva sambandha hotA hai, kintu eka hI rAjA ke sevakoM me paraspara sevya sevaka bhAva nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki unakA sevakabhAva kevala rAjA ke prati hI hai, ThIka usI taraha paribhASA sUtra, vyAkaraNazAstra ko upakAraka hai, unhIM paribhASA sUtroM ko paraspara upakArya-upakArakabhAva kA sambandha nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau ' 7/4/110 meM, saptamyA pUrvasya 7/4/105 kI upasthiti karanA ucita nahIM hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi dUsarI bAta yaha kahate haiM ki zAyada sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai, aisA mAna leM, tathApi 'asve' se honevAlA kArya 'naJ' nirdiSTa hai aura 'nanirdiSTa kArya 'anitya hai, ataH yahA~ 'sva'( savarNa) saMjJaka svara para meM Ane para bhI, pUrva ke 'i' kA 'iy' hogA / samAdhAna / pratyutara bhI zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko mAnya nahIM hai kyoMki yahA~ 'nanirdiSTa' kArya anityatva kA koI pramANa / sabUta nahIM hai| balki niSedha hI balavAn hotA hai| usI nyAya se yahA~ 'asve' hI ucita hai / yadi isI taraha 'nanirdiSTa' ke anityatva kA svIkAra kareMge to 'ISatuH, ISuH ' Adi meM samAnadIrgha kA bAdha hokara 'iy' Adeza hone kI Apatti AyegI / ataH yahA~ 'sva' saMjJaka svara para meM Ane para bhI 'i' kA 'iy' Adeza hogA, aisA kahanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai / tIsarA samAdhAna dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'parjanyavallakSaNapravRtti: ' nyAya se jahA~ bhI 'asva' svara AyegA, vahA~ 'pUrvasyAsve svare'.....4/1/37 se 'i' kA 'iy' Adeza hogA hI, sthAnivadbhAva karane para bhI hogA / yahA~ aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki sthAnivadbhAva karane se Adeza sthAnirUpa ho jAyegA, ataH 'asva' svara kA nimitta nahIM milane se 'iy', 'uv' kaise hogA ? kyoMki sthAnivadbhAva karane se sthAnivat kArya hI hotA hai, kintu Adeza sthAnirUpa nahIM hotA hai, aura vat karane kA kevala yahI prayojana hai, ataH 'i' kA 'iy' Adeza hogA / yahA~ zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki prathama nanirdiSTa' kArya kI anityatA dikhAnA aura bAda meM kahanA ki "sthAnivadbhAva karane se Adeza sthAni rUpa ho jAne se, 'asva' svara kA nimitta nahIM milane se 'iy, uv' Adeza kaise hoMge aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie / " vaha ucita nahIM hai / sthAnivadbhAva karane se Adeza sthAnirUpa nahIM hotA hai, kintu sthAni ke kAraNa honevAlA kArya hI hotA hai / yaha samAdhAna bhI vicAraNIya hai, kyoMki sthAnivadbhAva se 'sthAni' ke kArya kA atideza hotA hai aura Adeza nimittaka kArya kA abhAva hotA hai, ataH Adeza kA rUpa hone para bhI isakA koI phala nahIM hai / isa prakAra yaha samAdhAna bhI sahI pratIta nahIM hotA hai / anta meM 'sthAnivadbhAva-pumvadbhAva.....' nyAya se, sthAnivadbhAva anitya hone se, yahA~

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA tathA 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH' nyAya se, yahA~ sthAnivadbhAva karane se aniSTa rUpasiddhi hotI hai, ataH sthAnivadbhAva nahIM karanA cAhie / isa samAdhAna kA svIkAra ho sakatA hai, tathApi yahA~ 'pUrvasyA'sve svare-' 4/1/37 sUtra kA Arambha karane se hI sthAnivadbhAva kA abhAva siddha ho sakatA hai / ataH isa prakAra vRthA prayatna nahIM karanA cAhie, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA kathana hai / 'paribhASenduzekhara' meM bhI nAgeza ne sUtrArambha ke sAmarthya se hI dvitva hone ke bAda, uttara ke svarAdeza kA sthAnivadbhAva ke niSedha kI siddhi kI hai| prastuta nyAya ke nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsa- gaNi ne bhI 'iyeSa' udAharaNa kI nirbalatA kA svIkAra kiyA hai / unake matAnusAra bhI 'babhUvuSA' hI zreSTha udAharaNa hai tathApi laghunyAsakAra ke matAnusAra yahA~ yaha diyA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha nyAya pUrvanyAya ke 'jAta' aMza kA hI bAdhaka hai, kintu samakAlaprApta antaraGga-bahiraGga sambandhita 'asidvatva' kA abhAva karatA nahIM hai kyoMki aisA karane para 'omAGi' 1/2/18 sUtragata 'AGgrahaNa' vyartha ho jAtA hai| ataH pANinIya paramparAnusAra pUrvanyAya ke 'ekadeza' kA hI bAdha karatA hai kintu sampUrNa nyAya kA bAdha karatA nahIM hai / jabaki siddhahema kI paramparA meM pUrvanyAya kevala 'jAta' bahiraGga kArya ko asiddha karatA hai, ata: saMpUrNa nyAya kA, isa nyAya se bAdha hotA hai / samakAlaprApta antaraGga bahiraGga kArya meM 'antaraGga bahiraGgAt ' nyAya kA upayoga hotA hai, ataH usakA bAdha isa nyAya se nahIM hotA hai / isa nyAya ke jJApana se pUrvanyAya kI anityatA dikhAyI par3atI hai, aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi kA kathana hai / isake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa taraha prastuta nyAya se pUrvanyAya kI anityatA mAlUma hotI ho to, kevala pUrvanyAya ko anitya kahane se, isa nyAya kA kArya ho jAtA hai, ata: isake lie yaha nyAya na karanA cAhie / kintu yaha bAta sahI nahIM hai| isa prakAra pUrvanyAya kI anityatA kI kalpanA se hI 'antaraGgAnapi vidhIn bahiraGgo yap bAdhate / ' ityAdi nyAya bhI vyartha hoNge| // 22 // gauNamukhyayormukhya kAryasampratyayaH // 'gauNa' aura 'mukhya' donoM kA grahaNa sambhava ho to, mukhya kA grahaNa karanA / 'mukhya' kI prabalatA batAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'caraNasya stheNo'dyatanyAmanuvAde' 3/1/138 sUtra meM 'stheNormukhyakartuzcaraNasya', vyAkhyA kI hai| 'caraNasya....' 3/1/138 sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hai / vahI, vahI, vedazAkhA kA adhyayana karanevAlA brAhmaNa yA koI jAtivizeSa 'kaTha' Adi kahA jAtA hai| anya pramANa se prApta artha ko zabdoM se batAnA/kahanA, anuvAda hai / vaisA anuvAda ho to, adyatanI meM, 'sthA' aura 'iN' dhAtu ke kartA, yadi 'caraNa, kaTha' Adi hone para, unake sajAtIya ke sAtha huA dvandva samAsa, 'samAhAra dvandva' hotA hai| udA. 'pratyaSThAtkaThakAlApam, udagAtkaThakauthumam' / ina do vAkyoM meM anukrama se kaThakAlApam' Jareducation International

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69. prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 22) kI 'pratiSThA' kriyA aura 'kaThakauthumam' kI 'udaya' kriyA kA kisI manuSya dvArA anuvAda huA hai aura donoM dhAtu adyatanI meM hai, ataH unakA dvandva samAsa, samAhAra dvandva hogA, ata eva usase napuMsakaliGga aura ekavacana hogA / kintu, 'kaTha, kothuma, kAlApa' Adi kartA ke rUpa meM na hokara karaNa Adi ke rUpa meM ho yA vivakSA kI gaI ho to samAhAra dvandva nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'pratyaSThAt kaThakAlApAbhyAM kazcit' isa prakAra yahA~ 'sthA' aura 'iN' dhAtu ke kartA ke rUpa meM nahIM kintu karaNa ke rUpa meM 'caraNa' Adi saMbhava hai, kyoMki sambandhahetuyukta kAraka kI saMkhyA chaH hai, tathApi 'caraNasya stheNo'.....3/1/138 sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai ki 'kartRtvena sambandhino ye caraNAH', aisA, svatantratA ke kAraNa kartA kI mukhyatA hone se, isa nyAya kA svIkAra karake kahA gayA hai| yadyapi kartRtva ke sambandha se bhI kartA-gauNa aura mukhya-do prakAra se hai, ataH jaba kartA mukhya ho aura 'sthA' yA 'iN' dhAtu se sambandhita ho, to samAhAra dvandva hotA hai, kintu kartA karttatvayukta hone para bhI yadi vaha gauNa ho to vahA~ 'gauNamakhyayoH'-nyAya se samAhAra dvandra nahIM hogaa| arthAt jaba bhAve prayoga ho taba samAhAra dvandva nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'pratyaSThAyi kaThakAlApAbhyAm / ' yahA 'caraNa' kA kartRtva dvArA 'sthA' dhAtu ke sAtha sambandha hone para bhI, 'bhAva' kA prAdhAnya hone se samAhAra dvandva nahIM hotA hai| 'caraNasya stheNo'....3/1/138 sUtra meM sAmAnya se kiyA gayA kathana hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / vaha isa prakAra-: yahA~ sthA' aura 'iN' dhAtu ke mukhya kartA, 'caraNa' Adi ke lie sUtra meM 'stheNormukhyakartuH' kahanA cAhie, kintu aisA spaSTa kathana nahIM kiyA hai, usase sUcita hotA hai ki sAmAnya se kathana karane para bhI, prastuta nyAya ke bala se 'caraNa' Adi ke kartRtva meM mukhyatA prApta hogI hI, isa Azaya se hI sAmAnyatayA kathana kiyA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai / ata eva 'dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyuva...'...2/1/50 sUtra se, jisa prakAra 'zizriyuH, luluvuH' Adi meM dhAtu ke 'ivarNa' aura 'uvarNa' kA 'iy' 'uv' Adeza huA hai, vaise 'niyau, luvau' Adi meM bhI, ivarNa aura uvarNa dhAtu sambandhita hone para bhI, ve 'kvip' pratyayAnta hone se, mukhya nahIM, kintu gauNa haiM, tathApi 'dhAtorivarNovarNasye-'2/1/50 se 'iy, uv' Adeza hotA hai| 'syAdau vaH' 2/1/57 sUtra se prastuta nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra-: 'vasu icchataH (kyani) = vsuuytH| vasUyataH iti kvip / ' 'vasu' zabda ko icchA artha meM kyan pratyaya 'amA'vyAt kyan ca' 3/4/23 sUtra se hogA, bAda meM usase 'kvip' hone para, 'ataH' 4/3/82 se 'vasUya' dhAtu ke 'ya' ke 'a'kA lopa hogA, usake bAda 'yo'ziti' 4/3/80 se 'ya'

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) lopa hogA' aura 'vasU' zabda banegA / usakA prathamA vibhakti dvivacana meM 'vasvau' rUpa hogA / yahI 'vasvau' rUpa siddha karane ke lie 'syAdau vaH' 2/1/57 sUtra kI racanA kI hai aura 'vasU' ke 'U' kA 'v' kiyA hai / 'vasU' ke 'U' kA 'v', 'ivarNAderasve svare yavaralam' 1/2/21 se honevAlA hI thA, tathApi usake lie 'syAdau vaH ' 2/1/57 sUtra banAyA, usase sUcita hotA hai ki 'ivarNAde'....1 / 2 / 21 se honevAlA 'vatva', 'dhAtorivarNovarNasye' - 2/1/50 se honevAle 'iy, uv' se bAdhya hogA kyoMki 'dhAtorivarNo' - 2 / 1/50 sUtra para hai tathA 'vArNAtprAkRtam' nyAya bhI 'vatva' kA bAdha karegA, aura 'uv' Adeza karegA, usakI nivRtti ke lie 'syAdau vaH ' 2/1/57 sUtra kiyA hai / 70 yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, 'kvip pratyayAnta vasU' meM sthita dhAtutva gauNa hone se, 'dhAtorivarNovarNasye'-2 / 1 / 50 se 'uv' honevAlA hI nahIM thA, to isakA bAdha karane ke lie 'syAdau va: ' 2/1/57 sUtra karane kI jarUrata hI nahIM thI tathApi vaha sUtra banAyA, usase sUcita hotA hai ki yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'dhAtorivarNovarNasye' - 2/1/50 se, kvip pratyayAnta zabdagata gauNa dhAtu ke 'ivarNa' aura 'uvarNa' kA anukrama se 'iy, uv' Adeza hogA / 'pratyeka vyavahAra mukhya ke anusAra hI hotA hai' aisA nyAya bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / udA. 'munIn' meM 'zaso'tA sazca naH puMsi' 1/4/49 sUtra se 'muni' kA 'i kAra' aura 'zas' kA 'a', donoM sthAna hote haiM aura donoM ke sthAna meM eka dIrgha karanA hai, isa paristhiti meM 'i' kA dIrgha karanA yA 'a' kA dIrgha karanA ? 'i' mukhya hai, jabaki 'a', 'zaso'tA saha' meM 'saha' ke artha se nirdiSTa hone se gauNa hai, ataH 'i' aura 'a', donoM ke sthAna meM mukhya 'i' kA Asanna dIrgha 'I' hogA / kintu isa nyAya se siddha honevAlA kArya, 'gauNamukhyayormukhye....' nyAya se bhI siddha hotA hai, ataH isa nyAya kA gauNamukhyayormukhye.....nyAya meM hI samAveza kara diyA hai / "gauNa (apradhAna), mukhya (pradhAna) ko anusaraNa karatA hai" nyAya bhI hai | udA. 'nIlotpalam, nIlaM ca tad utpalaM ca' isa samAsa meM 'nIla' vizeSaNa hai aura 'utpala' vizeSya / kintu dUsarI dRSTi se 'utpala' vizeSaNa tathA 'nIla' vizeSya ho sakatA hai / prathama paristhiti meM vibhinna raMgayukta bahuta se 'utpala' meM se 'nIla' raMgayukta 'utpala' ko alaga karane ke lie 'nIla' vizeSaNa rakhA hai, vahA~ 'utpala' vizeSya hai / dUsarI paristhiti meM 'nIla' raMgayukta vibhinna vastuoM meM se 'utpala' ko alaga karanA hai| isalie, 'nIla' vizeSya hai, aura 'utpala' vizeSaNa hai / isa paristhiti meM 'vizeSaNaM vizeSyeNaikArthaM karmadhArayazca' 3/1/96 se karmadhAraya samAsa karate samaya 'utpalanIlam' hone kI prApti hai kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai, kyoMki 'dravyAzrayA guNAH' nyAya se guNa apradhAna hone se, 'nIla' zabda kA hI 1. yahA~ ya lopa karane ke lie zrIhemahaMsagaNi tathA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne yo'ziti 4 / 3 / 80 sUtra diyA hai kintu yvoH vyavyaJjane luk 4/4/121 sUtra se ya lopa hotA hai /

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71 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 22) prAkprayoga hogA arthAt vaha pUrvapada ke rUpameM AyegA aura 'dravya' mukhya hone se, 'utpala' zabda uttarapada ke rUpa meM AyegA / kintu yaha nyAya bhI 'gauNamukhyayormukhya kAryasampratyayaH / ' jaisA hone se usameM hI isa nyAya kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, kyoMki 'vizeSaNa' kA prAkprayoga bhI eka prakAra kA vizeSa kArya hI hai| isa nyAya ke pratiudAharaNa ke rUpa meM diye gae 'pratyaSThAyi kaThakAlApAbhyAM' prayoga ko tathA zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI mAnyatA ko zrIlAvaNyasUrijI svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| isa udAharaNa ke bAre meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yahA~ bhAva meM pratyaya kA vidhAna hone se 'kaTha' aura 'kAlApa' kA kriyA ke sAtha kartA ke rUpa meM sambandha hone para bhI, bhAva (kriyA) kI hI pradhAnatA hone se (aura kartA usakA anusartA hone se ) kartA mukhya nahIM hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isakA niSedha karate hue kahA hai ki nyAya kA vyApAra do prakAra kA hotA nahIM hai| eka bAra nyAya kA AdhAra lekara, kartA ke rUpa meM sambandha sthApita karanA aura dUsarI bAra, usI nyAya ke vyApAra kA abhAva mAnakara kartA ke sambandha ko dUra karanA ucita nahIM hai / kevala bhAva meM hI pratyaya karane se, kartA kI mukhyatA dUra nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki usI avasthA meM bhI kartA, kAraka ke rUpa meM mukhya hI rahatA hai kintu gauNa nahIM hotA hai / kevala bhAva meM kiye gaye pratyaya se kartA kI mukhyatA kaise dUra ho sakatI hai ? usI prakAra se karmaNi prayoga meM bhI kartA kI mukhyatA nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki yahA~ bhI pratyaya se kartA ukta nahIM hai / ataH kyA yahA~ bhI kartA gauNa ho jAtA hai ? kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI yaha bAta ucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA eka siddhAMta aisA hai ki mukhya ko prathamA vibhakti hotI hai aura AkhyAta yA kRtpratyaya se ukta ho, use mukhya kahA jAtA hai / ataH AkhyAta yA kRtpratyaya se ukta na ho, vaha gauNa mAnA jAtA hai / yahA~ vyAkaraNazAstra meM isa prakAra kI vyavasthA hai / ataH karmaNi yA bhAve prayoga meM, kartA, AkhyAta yA kRtpratyaya se ukta na hone se, mukhya nahIM kintu gauNa mAnA jAtA hai / vastutaH kartA kadApi gauNa hotA hI nahIM hai aura zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI yaha bAta zatapratizata satya hone para bhI, vyAkaraNazAstra nirdiSTa vyavasthA aura vivakSA bhI, utanI hI pramANita/pramANabhUta hone se karmaNi yA bhAve prayoga meM kartA ko gauNa hI mAnanA cAhie, aisI zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI mAnyatA zAyada hogI, aisA lagatA hai| kucheka logoM kA kahanA hai ki yahA~ ukta aura anukta kI vyavasthA se hI kArya cala sakatA hai, ataH ukta ko mukhya aura anukta ko gauNa nahIM mAnanA cAhie / siddhahema bRhavRtti ke laghunyAsa meM, isI sUtra kI carcA karate hue nyAsakAra ne isI nyAya kA prayoga karake batAyA hai ki ('sthA' dhAtu akarmaka hone se) bhAve prayoga meM, kartA anukta hone se gauNa hogA, ataH 'pratyaSThAyi kaThakAlApAbhyAM' prayoga hI hogA, kintu samAhAra dvandva hokara ekavacana nahIM hogaa| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'gauNa' aura 'mukhya' kI koI vyAkhyA batAI nahIM hai| koI bhI zabda gauNa |

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72 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa ) artha meM taba hI pravRtta hotA hai jaba usameM, guNa dvArA, mukhyArtha kA AropaNa kiyA gayA ho, arthAt guNa se AyA huA (niSpanna ) gauNa kahA jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM, jo aprasiddha aura lAkSaNika ho, vaha gauNa kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne batAyI hai / zrImahaMsagaNi ne ' dhAtorivarNovarNasye- ' 2/1/50 dvArA prastuta nyAya kI anityatA batAI hai, kintu vaha zaMkAyukta / zaMkAspada hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne pANinIya paramparAgata, zrI nAgeza kI vyAkhyAnusAra carcA karate hue batAyA hai ki 'dhAtorivarNovarNasye- ' 2/1/50 se jaise 'zizriyatuH, luluvatuH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'iy, uv' Adeza hotA hai, vaise 'niyau, bhuvau' Adi meM bhI 'kvibantatvaprayukta ' gau dhAtu sambandhi 'ivarNa, uvarNa', kA 'iy, uv' Adeza hogA kyoMki yahA~ 'dhAto:' pada 'viziSTArthopasthApaka' hone para bhI, 'kAryi' svarUpa 'ivarNa, uvarNa' meM 'viziSTArthopasthApakatva' kA abhAva hai / ata eva prastuta nyAya kI anityatA nahIM batAnI cAhie, aura lokasiddha nyAya kI anityatA batAnA ucita nahIM hai, aisI zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatA hai / isa prakAra isa nyAya kI anityatA na mAnane para, 'syAdau vaH' 2/1/57 sUtra bhI anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM hogA / prastuta sUtra anarthaka / vyartha hone para hI jJApaka bana sakatA hai kintu 'vasvau, vasva:' ityAdi prayoga meM vaha sArthaka hai / usakI sArthakatA isa prakAra hai / 'vasUyataH iti kvip' meM 'kvip' pratyaya hone para, 'ata: ' 4/3/82 se 'a' kA lopa hogA, bAda meM 'yo'ziti' 4/3/80 se 'y', kA lopa hokara 'vasU' hogA / usase prathamA vibhakti dvivacana kA au pratyaya hone para 'dhAtorivarNovarNasye'- 2/1/50 se, Upara batAyA usI prakAra se 'uv' Adeza niHsaMkoca ho sakatA hai / usakA bAdha karane ke lie 'syAdau vaH' 2/1/57 sUtra kI racanA kI hai, vaha sArthaka hI hai / saMkSepa meM kvinta dhAtu 'au' meM, dhAtutva gauNa hai hI nahIM kintu mukhya hI hai / usameM 'nAmatva' Ane se dhAtutva gauNa nahIM hotA hai / donoM samAna rUpa se hI hai| tathA 'kvibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti zabdatvaM ca pratipadyate' nyAya se yahA~ rUpasiddhi ho sakatI hai, ataH yahA~ gauNa-mukhya kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi 'pradhAnAnuyAnino vyavahArA:' aura 'pradhAnAnuyAyyapradhAnam' nyAyoM ko prastuta nyAya ke upanyAya svarUpa mAnate haiM / prastuta donoM nyAya 'gauNamukhyayormukhye ....' nyAya sadRza hI hai / yahA~ gauNa zabda kA artha 'mukhyabhinna' lenA / ataH isa nyAya meM hI usakA artha A jAtA hai / kucheka ko yaha mAnya nahIM hai / ve kahate haiM ki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne yahI upanyAya ke lakSya svarUpa 'munIn' rUpa meM 'muni' kA 'i' aura 'zas' kA 'a' donoM sthAni hone para bhI 'muni' ke 'i' kA Asanna dIrgha hogA, kintu 'zas' ke 'a' kA Asanna 'A' nahIM hogA kyoMki 'zaso'tA saha' meM 'saha' ke artha se nirdiSTa hone se vaha gauNa hai kintu yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai / 1 mUla nyAya kA artha yaha hai ki gauNa aura mukhya, donoM ko bhinna bhinna rUpa se kArya kI prApti ho vahA~ mukhya ko hI kArya hotA hai / isa nyAya prApti kI yahA~ koI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM hai| yahA~

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 23) 73 to gauNa aura mukhya donoM ke sthAna meM eka hI kArya hotA hai ataH gauNa meM kArya kA abhAva karanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| tathA 'samAnAdamo'taH' 1/4/46 se anuvRtta 'samAna' zabda kA vibhaktivipariNAma hokara 'dI? nAmyatisR catasRtaH' 1/4/47 meM 'samAnasya' hotA hai, isakI anuvRtti 'zaso'tA' 1/ 4/49 meM AtI hai, ataH 'samAna' svara hI, SaSThI se nirdiSTa hone se, sthAni ke rUpa meM liyA jAyegA aura isakA Asanna Adeza hI 'Asanna 7/4/120 paribhASA se hogA / ata: 'AsannaH' 7/4/ 120 paribhASA dvArA hI nirNaya karanA ucita hai / jahA~ prastuta niyama meM sandeha ho, vahA~ hI lokasiddha 'pradhAnAnuyAyino vyavahArAH' nyAya kA prayoga karanA cAhie / kintu yahA~ aisI koI jarUrata nahIM hai tathA 'pradhAnAnuyAyyapradhAnam' nyAya bhI isI nyAya kA anya rUpa hai, aura vaha isa nyAya se kisI bhI prakAra se bhinna nahIM hai| prastuta nyAya ke kAryakSetra kI samajha dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki pariniSThita padoM ke bIca hI gauNa-mukhya sambandha saMbhava hai, ataH 'nAma' avasthA meM, isa nyAya kA prayoga hotA nahIM hai / isa bAta ko zAstrIya paddhati se prastuta karate hue ve kahate haiM ki "kiJcAyaM nyAyo na nAmasambandhini kArye pravartate, kintUpAttaM viziSTArthopasthApakaM viziSTarUpaM yatra tAdRza-padakArya eva pravartate / " yahA~ 'padavidhi' kA kSetra bahuta vizAla hone se, prastuta nyAya kI pravRtti ke lie 'padavidhi' kA kSetra bhI nizcita karane kI jarUrata khar3I hotI hai| isa viSaya meM mahAbhASya kI carcA ke AdhAra para, unhoMne prasthApita kiyA hai ki, 'vibhakti animittaka' aura 'strItva animittaka' padakArya meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai| isake bAre meM vistRta carcA zrIlAvaNyasUrijIkRta 'nyAyArthasindhu' va 'taraGga' meM prApta hotI hai| bhAvamizrakRta kAtantra paribhASAvRtti' meM, 'saH, tau, te' aura 'atitat' prayoga isa nyAya ke udAharaNa ke svarUpa meM diye haiM / 'saH, tau, te' prayoga meM 'tad' zabda mukhya hone se, usase 'tyadAdi' sambandhita sarva kArya huA hai kintu 'atitad' meM vahI 'tad' zabda gauNa hone se 'tyadAdi' sambandhita kArya nahIM huA hai| // 23 // kRtrimAkRtrimayoH kRtrime // kRtrima aura akRtrima, donoM kA grahaNa sambhava ho to kRtrima arthAt paribhASAniSpanna kA grahaNa karanA caahie| yahA~ kAryasampratyayaH' zabda rakhanA/jor3anA / 'kRtrima' arthAt 'paribhASAniSpanna', vaha 'upAdhi' se yukta hone se 'gauNa' hotA hai / jabaki usase bhinna anya akRtrima arthAt svabhAvika aura lokaprasiddha, vaha upAdhi se rahita hone se mukhya mAnA jAtA hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 'kRtrima ' tathA 'akRtrima, donoM kA grahaNa saMbhava ho to kRtrima / paribhASA niSpanna kA grahaNa karanA / 74 pUrvanyAya se 'akRtrima' kA hI grahaNa hotA thA kyoMki vaha mukhya hai / yaha nyAya usakA apavAda hai / udA. 'asahanaJvidyamAnapUrvapadAt svAGgAdakroDAdibhyaH ' 2/4/38 meM kathita 'svAGga' zabda se, vyAkaraNa kI paribhASA se niSpanna 'svAGga' lenA arthAt vyAkaraNa meM batAyI huI vyAkhyAnusAralakSaNayukta 'svAGga' kA grahaNa karanA kintu laukika / lokaprasiddha 'svAGga' kA grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / vyAkaraNa meM 'svAGga' zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra dI gaI hai / "avikAro'dravaM mUrttaM prANisthaM svAGgamucyate / "1 cyutaM ca prANinastattannibhaM ca pratimAdiSu // ' 'uparyukta vyAkhyAnusAra jo 'svAGga' hai usakA yahA~ grahaNa karanA, kintu 'svamaGgamavayavaM svAGgam' rUpa yaugika, akRtrima svAGga kA grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / ataH 'dIrghamukhA zAlA' meM ' mukha' zabda meM 'zAlA' kI apekSA se, lokaprasiddha 'svAGgatva' hone para bhI, vaha 'prANistha' nahIM hone se 'pAribhASika svAGgatva' kA abhAva hone se 'asahanaJvidyamAnapUrvapadAt...' 2/4/38 se 'GI' pratyaya nahIM hogA / 'AGgo yamahanaH sve'Gge ca' 3/3/86 sUtragata 'sva' aura 'aGga' zabda kA vyastAbhidhAna arthAt bhinna-bhinna kathana, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| yadi usakA 'vyasta kathana na kiyA hotA aura 'svAGge' rUpa meM samastAbhidhAna kiyA hotA to 'Ayacchati pAdau maitrasya ' ityAdi prayoga meM ' avikAro 'dravaM....' ityAdi lakSaNayukta 'svAGga' hone se, isa nyAya ke kAraNa Atmanepada ho jAtA, kintu vyastAbhidhAna karane se paribhASAniSpanna ke kAraNa 'svAGga' hone para bhI apane hI avayava rUpa svAGga AIT abhAva hone se Atmanapada nahIM huA hai / ataH isa nyAya kI AzaMkA se hI 'sve'Gge' ke rUpa meM vyastAbhidhAna kiyA hai / isa nyAya kI anityatA agale nyAya meM batAyI jAyegI / yahA~ zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa nyAya ko 'gauNamukhyormukhye kAryasampratyayaH ' nyAya kA apavAda mAnate haiM, kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne pANinIya paramparA kI gauNa mukhya kI vyAkhyA kA svIkAra kiyA hai / ataH usake anusAra carcA karake unhoMne batAyA hai ki 'kRtrima' arthAt paribhASAniSpanna hone se vaha upAdhiyukta hai, ata: vaha gauNa hai aura 'akRtrima ' svAbhAvika hai, ata: 'mukhya' hai / isa lie pUrvanyAya kA yaha apavAda hai, aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi kA kathana sahI / yathArtha nahIM hai / 'guNaprayuktaM' yA 'guNAdAgataM gauNatvaM' vyAkhyAnusAra yahA~ 'kRtrima' meM 'gauNatva hai nahIM, kyoMki usake / kisI guNa ke AdhAra para, usakA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai / ataH yahA~ 'svAGga' zabda meM guNaprayuktatva nahIM hai, kintu vizeSa artha meM vaha paribhASita hai aura vaha kevala apane zAstra kI prakriyA ke nirvAha ke lie hai tathA aprasiddha

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prathama vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 23) 75 aura lAkSaNika hone se vaha gauNa hai aisA pUrvanyAya meM batAyA hai / ataH 'kRtrima' kevala 'aprasiddha ' hone se gauNa nahIM ho jAtA hai kyoMki lokaprasiddhi se zAstraprasiddhi balavatI hotI hai / ataH aprasiddhatva kA yahA~ nitAnta / pUrNarUpa se abhAva hI hai| yadi aisA na hotA to vaha kisI bhI avasthA meM balavAn nahIM bana pAyegA aura aisA bhI nahIM kahA jAegA ki yadi isa prakAra se zAstraprasiddhi hI balavatI hotI hai to prastuta nyAya kI racanA kyoM kI gaI, kyoMki nyAya kadApi apUrva arthabodha nahIM karavAtA hai / vaha kevala vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kI racanA se dhvanita niyamoM kA hI spaSTIkaraNa karatA hai / pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke mahAbhASya meM 'bahu-gaNa-vatu iti - saGkhyA' (pA.sU. 1/1/23 ) kI carcA karate hue, isa nyAya ko 'lokavyavahArasiddha' batAyA hai / yadi vyavahAra meM / loka meM koI bhI vyakti kA 'gopAlaka' yA 'kaTajaka' nAma ho, to 'gopAlakamAnaya, kaTajakamAnaya' kahane para 'gopAlaka' aura 'kaTajaka' nAma kA vyakti hI lAyA jAtA hai kintu unake yaugika arthayukta gopAlaka (gvAlA ) yA kaTa ke Upara jisakA janma huA hai aise 'kaTajaka' ko lAyA nahIM jAtA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ paribhApAniSpatra arthAt saMjJAsvarUpa 'kRtrima' kA hI grahaNa hotA hai, kintu akRtrima arthAt yaugika arthayukta kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / ataH 'bahu-gaNa- vatuDati saGkhyA' (pA.sU.1/1/23 ) sUtragata 'saGkhyA' zabda ko uddezya kI koTi meM / kakSA meM rakhanA cAhie, aisA kahA hai / arthAt isI sUtra kA artha isa prakAra se karanA ki 'bahu' zabda, 'gaNa' zabda, 'vatu' pratyayAnta, 'iti' pratyayAnta aura saGkhyAvAcaka zabdoM ko saGkhyA saMjJA hotI hai / yadi isa prakAra se saGkhyAvAcaka zabdoM ko bhI saGkhyA saMjJA na karane se 'bahu, gaNa', 'vatu' pratyayAnta aura 'iti' pratyayAnta zabdoM kA hI 'saGkhyA' zabda se grahaNa hotA, kyoMki unheM kRtrima 'saGkhyA - saMjJAe~ mAnI jAtI, jabaki eka, dvi, Adi akRtrima/svAbhAvika saGkhyAe~ hone se prastuta nyAya se unakA grahaNa nahIM hogA / jabaki siddhama kI paramparA meM 'Datyatu saGkhyAvat' 1 / 1 / 39 aura 'bahu-gaNaM bhede 1/1/ 40 se saGkhyA-saMjJA nahIM karate haiM kintu saGkhyAvat karate haiM / ataH vahA~ prastuta nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yaha nyAya lokasiddha hone se, paribhASenduzekhara meM nAgeza ne ise paribhASA ke rUpa meM nahIM diyA hai kintu 'ubhayagatiriha bhavati' nyAya ke utthAna ke lie, usake bIjarUpa meM avataraNikA meM diyA hai| yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyana ke paribhASAsaMgraha meM diyA hai| puruSottamadevakRta laghuparibhASAvRtti meM isI nyAya meM hI 'kvacidubhayagatiH' nyAya diyA hai tathA nIlakaMTha dIkSita viracita paribhASAvRtti meM isa nyAya kA anityatva batAyA hai /

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) // 24 // kvacidubhayagatiH // kvacit/kadAcit 'kRtrima' aura 'akRtrima' donoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| yaha nyAya pUrvanyAya kA apavAda hai arthAt kvacit/kadAcit 'kRtrima' aura 'akRtrima' donoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / 'gati' kA artha yahA~ 'grahaNa' karanA hai| ataH jaise 'bahunADi: kAyaH 'aura 'bahutantrI grIvA' ityAdi prayoga meM, 'kRtrima' arthAt paribhASAniSpanna 'svAGga' se 'nADItantrIbhyAM svAGge' 7/3/180 se 'kac' pratyaya kA niSedha huA hai, vaise akRtrimasvAGgavRtti', 'nADI' aura 'tantrI' zabda se bhI 'kac' pratyaya kA niSedha hone se bahunADiH stambaH, bahutantrI vINA' prayoga bhI hoNge| [yadyapi laghuvRtti (siddhahema ) meM 'nADItantrIbhyAM svAGge' 7/3/180 ke udAharaNa meM 'bahunADIka: stambaH, bahutantrIkA vINA' prayoga batAye haiM tathApi bRhadvRtti meM spaSTatA kI gaI hai ki "anye tvAhurna pAribhASikaM svAGgamiha gRhyate kintu svamAtmIyamaGgam svAGgam / AtmA ca iha anyapadArthaH tasyAGgamavayavastasminniti / teSAM bahunADiH stambaH, bahutantrI vINA / ] yahA~ 'nADI' aura 'tantrI' donoM prANistha nahIM hone se donoM meM vyAkaraNa kI paribhASA se niSpanna kRtrima svAGgatva' nahIM hai, yahA~ kisI ko aisI zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'nADI' ko 'aprANistha' batAyA yaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'stamba' dAru / lakar3I se niSpanna hai aura vRkSa-dAru lakar3I ekendriya prANi hI hai / usake pratyuttara meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki vyAkaraNa meM 'prANi' zabda se trasa jIvoM kA hI grahaNa hotA hai kintu sthAvara jIvoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki yadi 'prANi' zabda se sthAvara-ekendriya kA grahaNa hotA to 'prANyauSadhivRkSebhyo'vayave ca' 6/2/31 sUtra meM 'prANi' zabda se hI 'auSadhi' aura 'vRkSa' kA grahaNa ho jAtA thA, kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai / ataH 'prANi' zabda ke sAtha-sAtha 'auSadhi' aura 'vRkSa' zabdoM kA bhI pRthaggrahaNa kiyA hai / 'kRtrimAkRtrimayoH kRtrime' // 23 // nyAya hone para bhI kahIM-kahIM donoM prakAra ke prayoga dekhane ko milate haiM, isase jJApita hotA hai ki 'kvacidubhayagatiH' / nyAya hai / ata eva aise donoM prakAra ke prayoga hI isa nyAya ke jJApaka haiN| Age bhI jahA~ 'tathAprayogadarzana' ko jJApaka mAnA ho vahA~ isa prakAra se samajha lenaa| yaha nyAya aura pUrva kA nyAya, donoM anitya haiM kyoMki kahIM-kahIM 'kRtrima' aura 'akRtrima' meM se kevala 'akRtrima' kA hI grahaNa, dekhane ko milatA hai / udA. 'ziro'dhasaH pade samAsaikye' 2/ 3/4 yahA~ pAribhASika 'tadantaM padam' 1/1/20 se niSpanna 'pada' ko chor3akara kevala 'pada' zabda ko hI grahaNa kiyA hai / ataH 'ziraspadam, adhaspadam' meM 'ziro'dhasaH pade'....2/3/4 se 'ra' kA 's' hogaa| isa nyAya kA kAryakSetra pradeza batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki jahA~ 'prakaraNa' se 'kRtrima' yA 'akRtrima' do meM se kisakA grahaNa kiyA jAya ? isakA nizcaya na ho, vahA~ tathA jahA~

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77 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 25) donoM ke grahaNa kI upasthiti ho vahA~, donoM kA grahaNa karanA cAhie, aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai / jahA~ 'prakaraNa' kA jJAna hI na ho, vahA~ usake zabda ke AdhAra para uparyukta nyAya se kevala 'kRtrima' kA hI grahaNa karanA / vastutaH kahA~ ubhayagati karanI ? kahA~ 'kRtrima' kA grahaNa karanA ? aura kahA~ kevala 'akRtrima' kA grahaNa karanA ? usake lie kevala lakSyAnusArI vyAkhyAna ko mahattva denA cAhie kyoMki ye donoM nyAya asthira hone se, kevala ina nyAyoM ke AdhAra para vyavasthA karanA saMbhava nahIM // 25 // siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH // koI bhI kArya, anya sUtra se siddha ho sakatA ho, tathApi usake lie, naye sUtra kI racanA kI jAya to, vahI sUtra niyama sUtra kahA jAtA hai| sUtra kI nirarthakatA kI AzaMkA dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / koI bhI kArya eka sUtra se siddha ho tathApi, usake lie naye sUtra kI racanA, niyama ke lie hotI hai| udA. 'daNDI' meM 'ni dIrghaH '1/4/85 se dIrgha ho sakatA hai, tathApi yahA~ dIrgha karane ke lie 'inhanpUSAryamNaH zisyoH ' 1/4/87 sUtra banAyA, vaha niyamArtha hai / aura vaha niyama isa prakAra huA, 'in han pUSan' aura 'aryaman' kA upAntya svara, zi' aura 'si' para meM Ane para hI dIrgha hotA hai, kintu anya 'ghuT' pratyaya para meM Ane para dIrgha nahIM hotA hai, ata: 'daNDinau, daNDinaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'ni dIrghaH' 1/4/85 se honevAle dIrghatva kA bAdha hogaa| aise sUtroM kA puna: sUtrArambha hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'inhanpUSAryamNa: zisyoH ' 1/4/87, vidhi-sUtra hI hotA to isa sUtra kA puna: Arambha na karate, kyoMki isa sUtra se honevAlA kArya 'ni dIrghaH' 1/4/85 se ho hI jAtA hai, tathApi isI sUtra kI racanA kI / isase sUcita hotA hai ki koI bhI kArya anya sUtra se siddha hone para bhI, yadi isake lie naye sUtra kI racanA kI jAya to vahI sUtra niyama ke lie hotA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai ata eva 'pUjArhaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'lihAdibhyaH' 5/1/50 se 'ac' pratyaya siddha honevAlA thA, tathApi 'arho'c' 5/1/91 Adi chaH sUtroM kA punaH Arambha kiyA hai, vaha niyama ke lie nahIM hotA hai, kintu 'arha' Adi ko 'lihAdi' se pRthag karane ke lie hI hai| isa nyAya ko pANinIya paramparA tathA zAkaTAyana paramparA meM nyAya ke rUpa meM svIkRta nahIM kiyA hai / yadyapi 'niyama' kI vyAkhyA mahAbhASyakAra ne dI hai tathApi paribhASA/nyAya ke rUpa meM to kevala 'kAtantra, kAlApa, jainendra' aura 'bhoja' vyAkaraNa meM hI dekhane ko milatA hai| isa nyAya ke anityatva sambandhita udAharaNa meM 'arho'c' 5/1/91 se lekara 'AGa : zIle'

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78 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 5/1/96 taka ke prakaraNa ko batAyA aura jJApaka ke rUpa meM isI prakaraNa ko 'lihAdi prapaJca prakaraNa' kahA, isake bAre meM kucheka ko aruci/nArAjagI hai| yahAM 'lihAdi' AkRti gaNa hai, ataH tatsadRza ya dhAtaoM kA isameM samAveza ho jAtA hai tathA 'karma' upapada meM hone para usase hI 'aca' pratyaya ho sakatA hai, kintu 'liha' Adi dhAtu parigaNita nahIM haiM, ataH unakI mAnyatAnusAra 'lihAdi' se alaga karane ke lie sUtrArambha kiyA hai yA 'lihAdibhyaH' 5/1/50 se jisako 'ac' pratyaya nahIM hotA hai, isakA hI yahA~ kathana mAnanA cAhie arthAt 'arho'c 5/1/91 Adi sUtra, 'lihAdibhyaH' 5/1/50 se aprApta aMza kI hI pUrti karatA hai / yadi usI sUtra se 'ahaM' ko 'ac' prApta hotA, to 'arho'c' 5/1/91 ityAdi sUtra kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI / ataH 'lihAdi' pATha meM ina dhAtuoM ke niyamatva kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, kevala 'lihAdiprapaJcArthatva' batAne se prastuta nyAya ke anityatva kI kalpanA nahIM ho sakatI hai, aisI kucheka kI mAnyatA hai| // 26 // dhAtoH svarUpagrahaNe tatpratyaye kAryavijJAnam // jo kArya, dhAtu ke svarUpa kA uccAra karake, kisI pratyaya ke para meM Ane ke bAda, karane ko kahA ho, vaha kArya, usI dhAtu se, avyavahita para meM ukta pratyaya Ane para hI hotA hai, anyathA vaha kArya nahIM hotA hai / 'sarva vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam' nyAya se, jisa dhAtu se usI dhAtu-sambandhita vivakSita pratyaya para meM Ane para hI, vahI kArya hotA hai, kintu vahI pratyaya 'nAma' se AyA ho to, vaha kArya nahIM hotA hai| jisa dhAtu se, usI dhAtu-sambandhita jo pratyaya para meM Ane para kArya hotA hai, usI dhAtu se 'kvip' pratyaya hokara 'nAma' hogA taba, nAmAvasthA meM bhI, vahI pratyaya Ane para, ukta kArya kI prApti hotI hai kyoMki 'kvip' pratyayAnta dhAtu apane dhAtutva kA tyAga nahIM karate haiM aura zabdatva ko grahaNa karate haiM / isa paristhiti meM, 'kvip' pratyayAnta zabda bhI dhAtu kahA jAtA hai, ataH AkhyAta yA anya bhI dhAtu-sambandhita pratyaya para meM Ane para, ukta kArya kI prApti hotI hai / isakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'duSyantaM prayuGkte dUSayati' aura 'doSaNaM duT kvip tAM karoti' meM 'Nij bahulam'- 3/ 4/42 sUtra se 'Nic' hone para 'duSayati' hogA / prathama prayoga meM 'duSa' dhAtu se avyavahita 'Nig' pratyaya AyA hai ataH vahA~ 'Ud duSo Nau' 4/2/40 se 'u' kA 'U' hogA, kintu dUsare prayoga meM 'duSa' dhAtu se 'kvip' huA hai, usakA (kvipa kA) sarvApahAra saMpUrNa lopa huA hai / usase jaba 'Nij bahulaM-' 3/4/42 se 'Nic' hogA taba vahI 'Nic', 'kvibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti....' nyAya se, 'duS' meM 'nAmatva' aura 'dhAtutva' donoM hone se, dhAtu se vihita aura nAma se bhI vihita mAnA jAyegA / ataH 'Ud duSo Nau' 4/2/40 se 'U' hone kI prApti hai, kintu prastuta nyAya ke kAraNa nahIM hogA kyoMki jisa 'duS' dhAtu-sambandhita 'Ni' para

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79 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 26) meM Ane para kArya karanA hai, vahI 'duS' dhAtu dUsare prayoga meM nahIM hai / vahA~ 'kvip' pratyayAnta 'duS' dhAtu nAma hotA hai, bAda meM 'nAmadhAtu' prakriyA dvArA, vahI 'duS' se jaba 'Nic' pratyaya hotA hai, taba vaha 'duS' dhAtu sambandhita hone para bhI 'Ud duSo Nau' 4/2/40 se nirdiSTa kArya nahIM hogA / tathA 'sraSTA, draSTA' ityAdi prayoga kI taraha 'rajjusRDbhyAm, dRgbhyAm' ityAdi prayoga meM, 'a: sRjidRzo'kiti' 4/4/111 se dhAtu ke svara se 'a' nahIM hogA / yadyapi yahA~ 'kvip' pratyaya hone se, usakA sthAnivadbhAva karane se, akAra kI prApti kA hI abhAva hai / ataH isa nyAya kI vahA~ koI jarUrata nahIM hai, tathApi sthAnivadbhAva anitya hone se yA aise hI kisI anya kAraNa se, AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne, yahA~, isa nyAya kI pravRtti batAyI hone se, hamane ( zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne) bhI aisA kahA hai| pratyayoM ke vizeSaNa kI anukti hI, prastuta nyAya kA jJApaka hai| udA. 'dUSayati, sraSTA, draSTA' ityAdi prayoga meM, dhAtu sambandhita pratyaya para meM hone para 'U' tathA 'akAra' kA Agama huA dikhAyI detA hai, kintu 'duSayati, rajjusRGbhyAm dRgbhyAm' ityAdi meM nAma-sambandhita aura dhAtu-sambandhita pratyaya hone para bhI, use nAma-sambandhita mAnakara 'U' tathA 'a' kA Agama kiyA nahIM hai, tathApi yahA~ 'Ud duSo Nau' 4/2/40 aura 'a: sRjidRzo'kiti 4/4/111 meM pratyaya-sambandhita koI vizeSaNa rakhA nahIM hai, vaha isa nyAya ke astitva ko mAnakara kahA nahIM hai, ata: vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| isa prakAra Age bhI vizeSaNa kI anukti aura jJApakatA svayaM samajha lenA / isa nyAya kI anityatA mAlUma nahIM detI hai / yahA~ 'rajjusRDbhyAm' prayoga meM kvip kA sthAnivadbhAva hogA ki nahIM usakI vizeSa carcA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'nyAyasaGgraha' ke 'nyAsa' meM tathA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne prastuta nyAya kI TIkA 'nyAyArthasindhu' tathA nyAsa sadRza 'taraGga' meM kI hai / "yahA~ koI aisI zaMkA kareM ki isa nyAya kI yahA~ koI jarUrata nahIM hai kyoMki 'rajjusRD' aura 'bhyAm' ke bIca, 'lupta kvip' pratyaya kA sthAnivadbhAva karane se 'kvip' kA vyavadhAna AyegA, kintu yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai| yahA~ akit dhuDAdi pratyaya ke kAraNa 'a' kA Agama hotA hai, dhuT varNa hone se, 'a' kA Agama varNAzrita vidhi mAnI jAyegI aura varNavidhi meM sthAnivadbhAva kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai vaha 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 sUtra meM batAyA hI hai / ataH zrIhemahaMsagaNi kA kathana "yadyapi cAtra kvipaH kitpratyayasya sthAnivadbhAvakaraNe akAraprAptirevAbhAvAnnAstyetannyAyApekSA / tathApi sthAnivadbhAvasyAnityatvAdinA kenA'pi hetunA AcAyairetannyAyapravRttidarzitetyato'trA'pi tathaivoce / " ucita nahIM lagatA hai| yahA~ zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne uparyukta kAraNa se, "kvip' kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hone se 'rajjusRDbhyAm' meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti batAyI, vaha ucita hI hai| jahA~ dhAtu se pratyayanimittaka kArya hotA ho vahA~ hI isa nyAya kA upayoga hotA hai / jahA~

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nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa ) 'padAntatva' Adi nimittaka kArya hotA ho vahA~ isa nyAya kA upayoga nahIM hotA hai / udA. 'nazo vA' 2/1/70 se 'z' kA 'g' karate samaya sUtra meM dhAtu kA svarUpa se grahaNa kiyA hai, tathApi usase sambandhita hI pratyaya para meM Ane para kArya hotA hai, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai, ataH 'pranarabhyAm' Adi meM 'z' kA 'g' niHsaMkoca ho sakatA hai / 'svarUpagrahaNe' kahane se 'dhAtorivarNovarNasye' - 2/1/50 se honevAle kArya meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai kyoMki vahA~ kevala 'dhAtutva' se hI dhAtu kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai kintu 'dhAtutvavyApyAnupUrvyavachinnatva' se dhAtu kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai| ataH 'niyoM, niya:' ityAdi meM 'nAma' se vihita pratyaya para meM Ane para bhI ' dhAtorivarNovarNasye- '2/1/50 se hI 'iy' Adeza hogA / 80 pANinIya paramparA meM 'mRjervRddhi:' ( pA.sU. 7/2/114) ke mahAbhASya meM isa nyAya kI carcA karate hue kahA hai ki jahA~ kisI dharma dvArA dhAtu kA grahaNa kiyA gayA ho vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hogI, aisA mAnakara, isa nyAya meM 'svarUpagrahaNe' zabda ke sthAna para 'kAryamucyamAnaM' zabda rakhA hai, tathApi pANinIya paramparA aura siddhahema kI paramparA meM prakriyA bheda hone se, isa nyAya ke isI svarUpa meM koI kSati nahIM hai / zrImahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'vastutaH koI Adeza kiyA gayA ho, usakA sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai, jabaki 'kvip' kA lopa, 'luk' yA 'lub' rUpa Adeza nahIM hai kintu 'aprayogIt ' 1/ 1 / 37 sUtra se hI isakA lopa hotA hai tathA 'na vRddhizcAviti...... ' 4 / 3 / 11 sUtra ke nyAsa meM kahA hai ki " na hi kvipo lug lub vA kintvaprayogIt" arthAt 'kvip' kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA, kintu yahI mata laghunyAsakAra kA hI hai sUtrakAra AcAryazrI to vRtti meM 'adarzanaM luk' kahate haiM, ataH 'kvip' kA 'adarzana' luk hI hai, ataH usakA bhI sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai, ata eva AcAryazrI ne 'IrvyaJjane'yapi ' 4 / 3 / 97 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'zaM sukhaM tiSThati zaMsthAH pumAn 'meM 'kvip' kA luk huA hai, usakA sthAnivadbhAva prApta hai kintu 'IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/3/97 se 'I' nahIM hogA kyoMki yahA~ sAkSAt vyaJjana kA abhAva hai aura sUtra meM 'vyaJjane' zabda sAkSAt vyaJjana ke grahaNa ke lie hI hai / isa prakAra zrImahaMsagaNi ne 'kvip' ke sthAnivadbhAva kI AzaMkA kI hai / laghunyAsakAra ke mata meM sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA, jabaki zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ke mata meM sthAnivadbhAva hogA, tathApi zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne 'rajjasRDbhyAm' meM sthAnivadbhAva nahIM kiyA hai / ataH zrImahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya kI vRtti meM, uparyukta zabdoM se sthAnivadbhAva ke anityatva kI AzaMkA vyakta kI hai / kintu nyAsakAra aura vRttikAra kA Azaya isa prakAra hai / yahA~ 'na vRddhizcAviti' ....4/ 3 / 11 sUtragata 'lopa' zabda se sAkSAt lopa arthavAcaka koI bhI 'luk, lub' yA 'lopa' zabda dvArA nirdiSTa kArya kA hI yahA~ grahaNa karanA, aisA nahIM mAnanA kintu adarzanavidhAyaka pada dvArA vihita lopa yahA~ grahaNa karanA cAhie aisA kisI kA kahanA hai / aura nyAsakAra ne bhI yahI bAta batAyI hai, kevala isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki nyAsakAra ko 'lup, luk ' aura ' it' saMjJA kA bheda abhipreta hai / 'luk, lup, lopa,' aura 'it' cAroM zabda

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 27) 81 adarzanavAcaka hone se, 'adarzana' bhI Adeza hI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki adarzana' Adeza ke yaugika artha ke sAtha anukUla hai, ataH usakA sthAnivattva bhI hogA hI / ataH 'it' saMjJAvAle kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hotA hai, aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, aisA nyAsakAra kA mata hai / isa prakAra sUtrakAra zrIhemacandrAcAryajI aura laghunyAsakAra ke mata bhinna bhinna nahIM haiM aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA kahanA hai / yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAtantra aura kAlApa paribhASAsaMgraha meM batAyA nahIM hai| // 27 // najuktaM tatsadRze // 'naJ' dvArA kathita pada se, usake jaisA hI anya pada kA grahaNa karanA / 'naJ' dvArA kathita pada, usake jaise anya vizeSyabhUta pada meM vizrAma letA hai / arthAt jisa pada kA 'na' ke yoga se niSedha kiyA gayA ho, usake jaise hI anya pada kA grahaNa karanA, kintu sarvathA bhinna (asadRza) kA grahaNa nahIM karanA / udA. 'yyakye' 1/2/25 meM 'yi akye' hai / yahA~ 'naJ' dvArA ukta pada 'kya' hai / 'kya' jaise hI yakArAdi pratyayo kA niyamana karane se 'gAM icchati, nAvaM icchati' me 'kyan' para meM hone para av' aura 'Ava' Adeza hogA aura 'gavyati, nAvyati' ityAdi rUpa siddha hoMge, kintu 'goyAnaM, nauyAnaM' ityAdi prayoga meM nahIM hogA kyoMki vahA~ 'yAna', pratyaya nahIM hai kintu zabda hI hai / saMkSepa meM 'yyakye' 1/2/25 meM jo 'kya' kA niSedha kiyA hai, vaha 'kya: ziti' 3/4/ 70 se bhAva aura karma meM honevAle 'kya' kA niSedha kiyA hai, kintu isase pratyeka 'kya' kA niSedha na hokara, usake jaise- 'kyan, kyaG, kya' kA isa nyAya dvArA grahaNa hotA hai, kintu anya yakArAdi pratyaya kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / isa nyAya kA jJApaka pUrva kI taraha samajha lenA arthAt 'yyakye' 1/2/25 meM 'yi' aura 'akye' donoM vizeSaNa banate haiM, kintu vizeSya sUtra meM batAyA nahIM hai| ataH yahA~ isa nyAya se vizeSya ke rUpa meM 'pratyaye 'pada upasthita hotA hai / vahIM, 'pratyaye' pada kA sUtra meM agrahaNa hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'paryudAsa naJ' meM hI isakI pravRtti hotI hai, kintu 'prasajya naJ' meM nahIM hotI hai| kahA gayA hai ki "paryudAsaH sadRggrAhI, prasajyastu niSedhakRt / " "paryudAsa naJ' meM sadRza kA grahaNa hotA hai, jabaki 'prasajya naJ' meM sarvathA niSedha hotA hai, ataH 'anato lup' 1/ 4/59 sUtra meM prasajya naJ' hone se akAra, 'naJ' dvArA kahA gayA hai tathApi, akAra sadRza kevala anya svaroM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai kintu akAra bhinna saba svaroM aura vyaJjanoM kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / ataH 'payaH, manaH' ityAdi zabda vyaJjanAnta hone para bhI 'si' aura 'am' pratyaya kA lopa hotA hai / isa prakAra yaha nyAya 'niSedhamAtraparyavasAyinaH' arthAt kevala niSedha karanevAle 'prasajya naJ' ke lie pratikUla hai| 10

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82 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'anato lup' 1/4/59 sUtra dvArA isa nyAya kI anityatA batAyI hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko yaha mAnya nahIM hai / ve kahate haiM ki 'anataH' meM 'prasajyana' nahIM hai kintu "paryudAsa naJ' hai| jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi 'prasajya naJ' mAnate haiM / yadi 'anata:' meM 'paryudAsa naJ' ko mAneM to kisI prakAra kA sAdRzya lenA ? 'svarasAdRzya' lene para payaH' Adi meM isI sUtra kI pravRtti nahIM hogI / ataH zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne varNasAdRzya grahaNa kiyA hai / ata: 'payaH' Adi meM 'sa' Adi vyaJjana varNarUpa hI hone se 'avarNabhinntve sati varNatvayuktAbhyAM svaravyaJjanAbhyA parayo: syamorlup syAt' artha ho skegaa| ___ 'anata:' meM 'prasajya nab' kyoM nahIM hai, isakI spaSTatA karate hue, ve kahate haiM ki mImAMsakoM kI 'paryudAsa-prasajya naJ' kI kArikA kA artha isa prakAra hai, 'paryudAsa naJ' kA sambandha uttarapada ke sAtha hotA hai, jabaki 'prasajya naJ' meM 'na' kA kriyA ke sAtha anvaya/sambandha hotA hai, ataH 'prasajya naJ' meM 'naJ' asamartha hai kyoMki vaha kriyA se sApekSa hai, ata: 'anataH' samAsa nahIM ho sakegA / tathApi samAsa kiyA hai, vaha sautratvAt mAnanA par3egA / yaha kalpanA jyAdA kliSTa hai / ataH 'anataH' meM 'paryudAsa naJ' kA hI svIkAra karanA caahie| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne prAcIna ukti 'paryudAsaH sadRggrAhI, prasajyastu niSedhakRt' ke AdhAra para 'anataH' meM 'paryudAsa naJ' kA svIkAra kiyA hai / saMkSepa meM, donoM kI prasajya' aura 'paryudAsa' kI vyAkhyA meM hI mUlabhUta antara hai, ata: yahI samasyA khar3I huI hai| kintu sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne 'paryudAsa naJ' aura 'prasajya naJ' kI vyAkhyA spaSTa rUpa se dI hai / ve kahate haiM ki "paryudAsa naJ cAra prakAra ke haiM (1) sadRggrAhI (tatsadRzaH) (2) tadviruddhaH (3) tadanyaH (4) tadabhAvaH / " ataH yahA~ anataH' meM 'paryudAsa naJ' hI hai aisA svIkAra karane para bhI 'paryudAsa' ke uparyukta prakAra meM se cauthA prakAra lekara, 'at' kA abhAva hI liyA jA sakatA hai, arthAt jahA~ jahA~ zabda ke anta meM 'a' na ho, vahA~ vahA~ napuMsaka liGga meM 'si' aura 'am' kA lopa hotA hai, usa (paryudAsa naJ ) ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'avacanam' tathA 'avIkSaNam' prayoga diye haiM aura usakA artha vacanAbhAva aura vIkSaNAbhAva kiyA hai| prasajya naJ ke bAre meM ve kahate haiM ki 'prasajyapratiSedhe tu naJ padAntareNa sambadhyate iti uttarapadaM vAkyavat svArtha eva vartate / tatrA'sAmarthe'pi bAhulakAt samAsaH / ' udA. 'sUryamapi na pazyanti, asUryaMpazyA rAjadArAH / punarna gIyante apunargeyAH zlokAH' / ataH 'prasajya naJ' sambandhita zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatA va zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI kA yaha kathana ucita hai kintu 'paryudAsa naJ' ke bAre meM, zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne, sUtrakAra zrIhemacandrAcArya dvArA ukta cAra prakAra meM se kevala 'tatsadRzaH' prakAra hI grahaNa kiyA hai kintu 'tadviruddhaH, tadanyaH tadabhAvaH' kA svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| yaha bAta unake dvArA 'anataH' meM grahaNa kiye gae varNasAdazya se spaSTa hotI hai| . 'prasajya naJ', ke bAre meM, eka ora paribhASA 'jainendra paribhASAvRtti' meM prApta hai vaha isa

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prathama vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 28 ) prakAra hai- 'sApekSasyA'pi naJaH savidhirbhavati / ' 'savidhi' arthAt 'samAsa vidhi / ' aura yaha nyAya lokasiddha yA svAbhAvika hI hai, kintu viziSTa vacana svarUpa nahIM hai kyoMki loka meM 'anIlaghaTamAnaya' kahane se 'nIlaghaTa' ke alAvA anya ghaTa hI lAyegA kintu ghaTabhinna anya padArtha vidyamAna hone para bhI nahIM lAyegA / aisA vyavahAra loka meM sAmAnyatayA prasiddha hI hai / yaha nyAya kAtantra kI bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRtti ko chor3akara sarvatra upalabdha hai / kintu kahIM bhI vizeSa prakAra se vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / // 28 // uktArthAnAmaprayogaH // jo artha eka bAra kahA gayA ho, usakA punaH prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie / jo artha arthAt abhidheya padArtha, anya pratyaya dvArA ukta ho, to usI artha / padArtha ko batAne ke lie punaH 'dvitIyA' Adi vibhakti kA prayoga nahIM karanA / udA. 'kriyate kaTo'nena' ityAdi prayoga meM 'karma' Adi artha meM utpanna ' kya' pratyaya aura Atmanepada ke pratyaya dvArA 'karma' zakti spaSTarUpa se dRSTigocara hotI hai, ataH usI karmazakti ko batAne ke lie 'kaTa' Adi zabda se punaH 'dvitIyA' Adi vibhakti nahIM hogI kintu kevala artha batAne ke lie 'nAmnaH prathamaika' ...2/2/31 se prathamA vibhakti hI hogI / jabaki 'akSNA kANaH, padA khaJjaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'kANatva, khaJjatva' Adi kA, A~kha, paira ke alAvA anyatra sambhava hI nahIM hai arthAt kevala 'kANaH, khaJjaH 'Adi kahane se hI kAma cala sakatA hai, tathApi vahA~ 'yadbhedaistadvadAkhyA' 2/2/46 sUtra se honevAle tRtIyA vibhaktyanta pada 'akSNA, padA' Adi kA prayoga hotA hai vaha kevala lokarUDhi se hI hotA hai / lokarUDhi kA kisI bhI prakAra se nivAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH 'kriyate kaTo'nena' ityAdi prayoga meM vaisA na ho, isalie yaha nyAya hai / 83 'raSRvarNAt ' 2/3/63 sUtragata 'eka' zabda kA niyamatva, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yahA~ 'eka' zabda kA 'niyamatva' iSTa hai aura vaha vidhi meM bAdhakatva batAne ke bAda hI siddha ho sakatA hai kyoMki 'vidhi' aura 'niyama' donoM meM 'vidhi' balavAn yA 'jyAyAn' zreSTha hai / usakA bAdhakatva isa prakAra batAyA jA sakatA hai / - .... yadi 'eka' zabda se kevala 'ekatva' rUpa vidhi artha hI lenA hotA to 'hrasvo'pade vA' 1/ 2/22 meM jaise 'apade' meM saptamI - ekavacana se nirdeza kiyA hai vaise yahA~ bhI 'ekapade' ke sthAna para, kevala 'pade' kahA hotA to bhI 'ekatva' rUpa vidhyartha hotA hI kintu ekavacana ke prayoga se hI 'ekatva' ukta ho jAtA hai, ataH isake lie 'eka' zabda rakhanA nahIM cAhie aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai / tathApi 'eka' zabda rakhA, usase sUcita hotA hai ki yahA~ 'ekatva' rUpa vidhyartha nahIM hai kintu vaha niyamArthatva ke lie hai aura isa nyAya ke Azraya binA utpanna nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH 'eka' zabda kA niyamArthatva isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai /

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'raghuvarNAt'..... 2/3/63 sUtra meM, 'eka' zabda se dhvanita niyama isa prakAra hai / ra, Sa, tra varNa se para meM, nitya ekapada meM, Aye hue, antya na ho, aise 'na' kA 'Na' hotA hai| aura vaha 'la, ca varga, Ta varga, ta varga,za' aura 'sa' se bhinna vargoM kA vyavadhAna Ane para bhI hotA hai| yahA~ 'ekapade' se nitya ho aisA pada lenA, kintu jo samAsa hai, vaha nitya pada nahIM kahA jAtA hai kyoMki usameM bhinnabhinna aneka pada Ate haiN| ata eva 'nRNAm' ityAdi meM 'na' kA 'Na' hotA hai kintu 'nRnAthaH' ityAdi meM 'na' kA 'Na' nahIM hotA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'ziro'dhasaH pade samAsaikye' 2/3/4 sUtra meM 'aikya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / isI sUtra meM kevala 'samAse' kahane se 'aikya' artha A jAtA hai / jaise 'vauSThautau samAse' 1/2/17, tathApi 'ziro'dhasaH pade samAsaikye' 2/3/4 meM 'aikya' zabdaprayoga huA hai, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ko sUcita karatA hai / usake sAtha-sAtha (taduparAMta) yahA~ 'aikya' zabda ke prayoga dvArA 'vicitrA sUtrANAM kRtiH' nyAya bhI sUcita kiyA hai / yahA~ 'ukta' artha kA bhI prayoga huA hai vaha vaicitrya hai| __isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'aikya' zabda ke prayoga ko batAyA hai, kintu kucheka loga isakA svIkAra nahIM karate hai kyoMki unake matAnusAra yaha nyAya lokasiddha hI hai / tathApi isa nyAya kA jJApaka batAyA isase itanA hI sUcita hotA hai ki isa lokasiddha nyAya ko bhI vyAkaraNazAstra meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki eka siddhAMta aisA hai ki jo nyAya jJApakasiddha ho vahI nyAya anitya ho sakatA hai| aura jo nyAya lokasiddha, nyAyasiddha yA vAcanikI paribhASA ke rUpa meM ho isakI anityatA kA jJApana nahIM hI sakatA hai, / ataH unake matAnusAra isI 'aikya' zabdaprayoga ko 'dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati' nyAya yA 'vicitrA sUtrANAM kRtiH AcAryasya' nyAya kA udAharaNa mAnanA caahie| yaha nyAya vyADi se lekara zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAtantra, kAlApa, jainandra, bhoja, Adi ke paribhASA saMgrahoM meM upalabdha hai, kintu usake bAda pANinIya paramparA ke puruSottamakRta paribhASA vRtti sIradeva, zrImAnazarma, nIlakaMTha, nAgeza Adi ke paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| // 29 // nimittAbhAve naimittikasyApyabhAvaH // nimitta rUpa kAraNa kA abhAva hote hI naimittika rUpa kArya kA bhI abhAva hotA hai| 'nimittena carati' vAkya meM 'carati' 6/4/11 sUtra se 'ikaNa' hone para 'naimittika' zabda banatA hai / 'nimitta' kI nivRtti arthAt abhAva yA lopa hone para, 'nimitta' ke kAraNa huA kArya bhI nivRtta hotA hai| . lokameM/vyavahAra meM, kumbha banAnevAle kumhAra kA nAza hone para bhI, kuMbha kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| kumhAra kAraNa hai aura ghaTa kArya hai| arthAt kAraNa kA nAza hote hI kArya kI nivRtti kA abhAva

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85 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 29) hone para bhI, vyAkaraNa meM kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai aisA batAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'bimba' zabda se lattA vizeSa nAma kI vivakSA meM, strItva meM 'gaurAditvAd' 'gaurAdibhyo mukhyAnDI: 2/4/19 se 'DI' pratyaya hone para asya DyAm luk 2/4/86 se 'a' kAra kA lopa hokara, 'bimbI' zabda banegA / bAda meM 'bimbyAH phalam' vAkya meM 'hemAditvAd' 'aJ' pratyaya para meM Ane para 'phale'- 6/2/58 se 'aJ' pratyaya kA lopa hogA, bAda meM 'DyAdegauNasyAkvipastaddhitalukyagoNIsUcyoH' 2/4/95 se 'GI' kA lopa hogA, usake sAtha hI GI ke nimitta se, 'asya GyA luk 2/4/86 se huA 'akAra lopa' bhI nivRtta hogA aura 'a' punaH Akara' 'bimba' zabda hogaa| "bimba' ityAdi kI siddhi ke lie 'na sandhi- GI'....7/4/111 sUtra meM 'GI luk' kA, 'akAra luk' rUpa kArya meM, sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| 'na sandhi- GI...' 7/4/111 satra kI vRtti meM, 'GI vidhi meM svara kA Adeza kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hotA hai. aMza ke udAharaNa svarUpa 'bimbam' prayoga rakhA hai| bimbyAH phalam- bimbI + aJ, 'hemAditvAd' 'ab' pratyaya hogA aura 'phale' 6/2/58 se 'aJ' kA lopa hogA / bAda meM 'DyAdergauNasyAkvipaH....' 2/4/95 se 'GI' kA lopa hogaa| yahI 'GIluk' rUpa svarAdeza para nimittaka hai, yadi yaha 'GI luk' rUpa svarAdeza kA sthAnivadbhAva dvArA 'DI' punaH lAyA jAyegA to para meM 'DI' Ane ke kAraNa 'asya DayAM luk' 2/4/86 se 'bimba' ke akAra kA lopa karane kA prasaMga upasthita hogA aura 'bimbam' rUpa siddha nahIM hogaa| ata eva 'akAra luk' rUpa 'GI vidhi meM 'GI luk 'rUpa svarAdeza kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogaa| ___ yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, yaha saba vyartha hotA kyoMki 'asya DyAM luka' 2/4/86 se honevAlA' 'akAra luka' kI nivRtti karane ke lie 'GI lopa' kA sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha kiyA hai, vahI 'akAra' hI yahA~ upasthita nahIM hai kyoMki 'aJ' pratyaya Ane ke pUrva yA 'aJ' pratyaya kA lopa hone se pUrva hI 'bimbI' zabda meM 'GI' hone se 'akAra' hai hI nahIM kyoMki 'DI' Ane ke sAtha hI usakA lopa huA hai / to kauna se 'akAra' kA lopa karane ke lie itanA prayatna kiyA ? kintu yaha nyAya hone se 'GIluk' hone para, usake nimitta se huA 'akAra-luk' bhI nivRtta hogA aura 'akAra' punaH A jAyegA / usI 'akAra' kA pUrva kI taraha phira se 'asya uyAM luk' 2/4/86 se 'luk' na ho jAya isalie 'GI luk' ke sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha kiyA hai / isa prakAra saba sArthaka hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'akAra' phira se AtA hI nahIM, to usake abhAva meM sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha hI na kiyA hotA, tathApi sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha kiyA vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai ataH 'munInAm' ityAdi rUpa meM 'dIrghonAmyatisR' 1/4/47 se dIrgha

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86 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) hone ke bAda hrasva kA nAza hone para bhI, hrasva nimittaka 'nAm' Adeza nivRtta nahIM hotA hai / 'dirhasvarasyAnu navA' 1/3/31 sUtragata 'anu' zabda se isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana hotA hai| yadi isa sUtra meM 'anu' kA grahaNa na kiyA hotA, to 'proNNunAva' meM 'Urgu' dhAtu meM prathama/ pahale 'na' (Na) kA dvitva karane ke bAda, parokSA hetuka dvitva hotA, kyoMki 'na' (Na) kA dvitva 'antaraGga' kArya hai jabaki dhAtu kA dvitva 'bahiraGga' kArya hai ata: yadiH 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya se prathama 'na' kA dvitva hone ke bAda dhAtu kA dvitva ho to 'proNrgunnAva' aniSTa rUpa siddha hotA / vaha na ho isalie 'dirhasvarasyAnu navA' 1/3/31 meM anu' zabda rakhA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hI hotA to, 'repha' ke Anantarya se utpanna 'na' kA dvitva bhI parokSAhetuka dvitva hone para 'Nu' ke vyavadhAna ke kAraNa, isa nyAya se nivRtta ho hI jAtA, to aniSTa rUpa kI Apatti se bacane ke lie 'anu' ke grahaNa kI kyA jarUrata ? tathApi 'anu' kA grahaNa kiyA vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karatA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne loka meM pracalita do prakAra ke nimittakAraNa batAye hai / 1. kAryasthitiniyAmaka 2. kAryasthiti aniyAmaka / jisa nimitta se kArya huA ho, vahI nimitta, dUra hone para, usake kAraNa huA kArya bhI nivRtta hotA hai, vahI nimittakAraNa kAryasthitiniyAmaka nimittakAraNa kahA jAtA hai| aura jisa nimitta ke kAraNa jo kArya huA ho, vaha nimitta dUra hone para bhI, usake kAraNa huA kArya nivRtta nahIM hotA hai, vaha kAryasthiti aniyAmaka nimitta kAraNa kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra nimitta aura naimittaka ke bIca do prakAra ke sambandha meM se yahA~ vyAkaraNazAstra meM kauna-sA sambandha svIkArya hai ? usI prazna ke uttara/javAba svarUpa yaha nyAya hai / arthAt vyAkaraNa meM nimittakAraNa kA nAza hone para naimittika/kArya kA bhI nAza hotA hai| vaha isa nyAya se sUcita hotA hai| , zrIhemahaMsagaNi, kAryasthiti aniyAmaka nimittakAraNa ke pakSa meM isa nyAya kI anityatA batAte haiM arthAt yaha nyAya vyAkaraNazAstra meM jahA~ jahA~ nimittakAraNa kAryasthiti aniyAmaka mAlUma hotA ho vahA~-vahA~ isa nyAya ko anitya mAnanA cAhie / aura isa nyAya ke binA bhI vyAkaraNazAstra meM kAryasiddhi ho sakatI hai kyoMki laukika vyavahAra meM Upara batAyA usI prakAra se jaba nimitta ke abhAva meM naimittika kA bhI abhAva karanA ho taba nimitta ko prathama pakSa sambandhita arthAt kAryasthitiniyAmaka mAnanA aura jaba nimitta ke abhAva meM naimittika kA abhAva na ho taba nimitta ko dvitIyapakSa sambandhita arthAt kAryasthiti aniyAmaka mAnanA cAhie / isa prakAra isa nyAya ke binA bhI kAryasiddhi ho sakatI hai, aisA navIna vaiyAkaraNa mAnate haiN| yaha nyAya aura pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA 'akRtavyUhAH pANinIyAH' nyAya samAna hI hai / kaiyaTa

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87 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 29) ne 'samarthAnAM prathamAdvA' (pA.sU.4/1/82) sUtra meM isa nyAya kI carcA kI hai kintu bhASyakAra ne kahIM bhI isa nyAya kI carcA nahIM kI hai| kaiyaTa ne bhI 'asiddhavadatrAbhAt' (pA.sU.6/1/22) sUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki 'nimittAbhAve naimittikasyApyabhAvaH' paribhASA kA bhASyakAra ne Azraya nahIM kiyA hai aura bhASyakAra ne una sthAnoM para isa nyAya kA AdhAra nahIM liyA hai ata: nAgeza Adi ne bhI isa nyAya se siddha honevAle prayogoM ko anya prakAra se siddha kiye haiM usI prakAra se siddhahema meM bhI una prayogoM kI anya prakAra se siddhi kI jAtI hai / udA. bimbam / yahA~ 'bimba + GI' hone se 'bimbI' hogA taba 'a' kA lopa GI pratyaya nimittaka hai, ataH jaba 'kI' kA lopa hogA taba 'a' lopa bhI nivRtta hogA aura 'a' punaH A jAyegA / isa prayoga meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne batAyA hai ki 'bimba + I (GI) + aJ + si' hai / isa paristhiti meM 'a' paranimittaka hone se antaraGga 'aJ' kA lopa' prathama hogA, bAda meM 'GI luk' aura 'alluka' kI prApti hai, usameM 'GI lopa' para hone se prathama hogA kintu 'alluk' prathama nahIM hogaa| aba jaba GI kA lopa hI prathama ho gayA hai, taba GInimittaka 'alluk' bhI nahIM hogA aura 'na sandhi GI'.......7/4/111 sUtrakathita GI ke sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha bhI yahA~ caritArtha hogaa| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne Upara batAyI huI rIti pada kI 'apariniSThita' avasthA kI hai, ataH usI paristhiti meM isa nyAya kA upayoga nahIM kareMge to calegA kintu jaba pariniSThita avasthA mAneMge taba isa nyAya kA avazya upayoga karanA pdd'egaa| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka ucita mAlUma nahIM hotA hai / jJApaka hamezAM vyartha hokara nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karatA hai / jabaki isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'anu-grahaNa' vyartha nahIM kintu sArthaka hI hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'proNNunAva' rUpa meM, prathama 'Urgu' dhAtu ke 'na' kA dvitva hone ke bAda 'NNu' kA parokSahetuka dvitva ho to, 'proNNunAva' aisA aniSTa rUpa hogA, vaha na ho isalie 'dirhasvarasyAnu navA' 1/3/31 sUtra meM 'anu' kA grahaNa kiyA hai, kintu yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, binA anu' hI 'na' dvitva nivRtta ho jAtA / tathApi 'anu' kA grahaNa kiyA usase isa nyAya kI anityatA sUcita hotI hai| kintu yaha bAta sahI nahIM hai / parokSAhetuka dhAtu kA dvitva hone ke bAda, usakA pUrvabhAga 'svAGgamavyavadhAyi' nyAya ke AdhAra para vyavadhAna svarUpa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, ata: vaha nimitta aura nimitti ke bIca hone para bhI 'avyavadhAyaka' hI hai aura dhAtu kA dvitva hone se vaha anya zabda nahIM bana pAtA hai, ataH dvitva AnantaryakA vidhAtaka banatA nahIM hai| isalie vahA~ isa nyAya ke upayoga kI koI zakyatA hI nahIM hai / isa prakAra yadi 'anu' na kaheM to Upara batAyA usI taraha 'proNargunnAva' aisA aniSTa rUpa hI hotA / usakA nivAraNa karane ke lie 'anu' grahaNa Avazyaka hI hai, ataH vaha sArthaka hI hai, isalie vaha anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| yaha nyAya jainendra paribhASAvRtti, nAgeza ke paribhASenduzekhara aura zeSAdrinAtha ke paribhASA bhAskara ke sivAya/alAvA sarvatra upalabdha hai|

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88 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) // 30 // sanniyogaziSTAnAmekApAye'nyatarasyApyapAyaH // jahA~ eka sAtha do kArya kahe gaye hoM vahA~ eka kArya ke abhAva meM dasarA kArya bhI nahIM hotA hai| 'samIcInaM ni-nitarAM yojanaM sanniyogaH / ' arthAta bhalIbhA~ti, hamezAM ekasAtha jaTe rahanA, vaha 'sanniyoga' kahA jAtA hai arthAt ekasAtha kathana karanA / ziSTAni' arthAt kahe gaye aura 'apAya' arthAt abhAva / jahA~ 'sanniyoga' arthAt ekasAtha do kArya kahe gaye hoM vahA~ eka kArya ke abhAva meM, dUsarA kArya bhI nahIM hotA hai| vyavahAra meM ekasAtha jisakA janma huA hai, aise do (yugalika) bhAioM meMse eka kI mRtyu hone ke sAtha dUsare kI mRtyu nahIM hotI hai| kintu vyAkaraNazAstra meM eka kArya ke abhAva meM, usake sAtha honevAlA dUsarA kArya bhI nahIM hotA hai / isakA jJApana karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| abhAva do prakAra kA hai : (1) kArya hone ke bAda usakA abhAva honA aura (2) mUla se/prathama/ pahale se hI kArya na honA vaha / isameM prathama abhAva isa prakAra hai :- paJcendrANyo devatA asya paJcendraH / yahA~ 'devatA' 6/2/101 sUtra se, 'paJcendrANI' zabda se 'aN' pratyaya kiyA hai, usI 'aNa' kA 'dvigoranapatye yasvarAderlubadviH 6/1/24 se 'lopa' hone para GyAdehNasyA-'2/4/95 se 'GI' kI nivRtti hogI, taba 'varuNendrarudrabhavazarvamRDAdAn cAntaH' 2/4/62 se 'DI' ke sAthasAtha kahe gaye aura huA hai aise ( sanniyogaziSTa) 'An' kI bhI nivRtti hogii| dUsarA abhAva isa prakAra hai : 'etAn gA: pazya' meM 'zas' kA 'a' para meM Ane para 'zaso'tA sazca naH puMsi' 1/4/49 tathA 'A amzaso'tA' 1/4/75 donoM kI samakAla prApti hai| 'zaso'tA'1/4/49 pUrvasUtra hai aura 'A am zasotA' 1/4/75 parasUtra hai aura 'zaso'tA-' 1/4/49 sAvakAza hai aura 'A am.....'1/4/75 niravakAza hai / ata: 'A am zaso'tA 1/4/75 se 'go' ke 'o' kA, para meM Aye hue 'zas' ke 'a' ke sAtha 'A' Adeza ho jAtA hai, meM 'zas' kA 'a' nahIM milane para usI 'a' ke abhAva meM 'zaso'tA sazca naH puMsi' 1/4/49 se 'dIrghavidhi' na hone se usake sAtha ukta, 'zas' ke 's' kA 'n' bhI nahIM hogaa| 'paJcendraH' meM 'An' kI nivRtti karane ke lie tathA 'gAH' meM 'zas' ke 's' kA 'n' kA niSedha karane ke lie koI vizeSaprayatna nahIM kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / vaha isa prakAra hai| 'paJcendraH' prayoga meM 'DI' kI nivRtti kI taraha An' kI bhI nivRtti dikhAyI detI hai kintu isakA kisI bhI sUtra meM nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai / ataH aisA nizcaya hotA hai ki isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'DI' kI nivRtti ke sAtha-sAtha 'An' kI bhI nivRtti ho jAtI hai tathA 'etAn gAH pazya' prayoga meM bhI 'go' zabda ke antya svara kA 'zaso'tA sazca..' 1/4/49 se dIrgha nahIM huA, isameM kAraNa spaSTa hI hai vaha isa prakAra hai|-: 'A am zaso'tA 1/4/75 se 'go' ke 'o' kA 'zas' (as) ke 'a' ke sAtha 'A' karane se, 'zas' ke 'a' kA abhAva ho gayA, aba jisa 'zas' bAda

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.30) sambandhita 'a' ke sAtha dIrgha hone kI prApti thI usakA hI abhAva hone se dIrgha nahIM hogA, vaha svabhAvika hai kintu 'zas' ke 's' kA 'n' na karane meM koI bhI kAraNa dikhAyI nahIM par3atA, hAlA~ki /balki 'zas' ke 's' kA 'n' karane kA nimitta 'puMstva' spaSTa dikhAyI par3atA hai, tathApi nizcaya hI prApta 'natva' kA niSedha karane ke lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA hai, isase sUcita hotA hai ki dIrgha na hone ke kAraNa, usake sAtha ukta 'natva' bhI isa nyAya se nahIM hogaa| isa nyAya se sarvatra, do kArya meM se kisI bhI eka kArya kI nivRtti hone para, dUsare kArya kI bhI nivRtti ho jAne kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai, ata: gauNa kArya kI nivRtti hone para, mukhya kArya kI bhI nivRtti ho jAtI hai, usakA agale nyAya 'nAnvAcIyamAnanivRttau pradhAnasya' se niSedha kiyA hai arthAt yaha nyAya anitya hai, kyoMki agalA nyAya usakA bAdhaka hai| isa nyAya meM 'sanniyogaziSTAnAM' zabda meM bahuvacana kyoM rakhA hai, isakI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'nyAyArthasindhu' TIkA meM, batAyA hai ki 'sanniyogaziSTau ca sanniyogaziSTau ca sanniyogaziSTau ca' vigraha karake ekazeSa samAsa karane para koI doSa upasthita nahIM hotA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki agale nyAya se gauNa kI nivRtti hone para mukhya kI nivRtti nahIM hotI hai, ataH yaha nyAya anitya hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, vahA~ bhI gauNa kI nivRtti ke sAtha mukhya kI bhI nivRtti ho jAtI / jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate hai ki vastutaH agale nyAya se isa nyAya kI anityatA batAnA saMbhava hI nahIM hai / isase itanA hI sUcita hotA hai ki gauNa ki nivRtti hone para mukhya kI nivRtti nahIM hotI hai| kevala itane hI aMza meM, vaha isa nyAya kA bAdha karatA hai| yadi yaha nyAya anitya hotA to, agale nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thI kyoMki anityatva dvArA hI pradhAna kArya kI nivRtti kA abhAva siddha ho sakatA hai| isa nyAya kI vRtti meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'zyaineyaH' aura 'aineyaH' rUpoM ko isa nyAya kI anityatA ke dRSTAMta ke rUpa meM diye haiM / ve kahate hai ki varNavAcaka 'zyeta' aura 'eta' zabda se 'zyataitaharitabharatarohitAd varNAt to nazca' 2/4/36 se 'DI' pratyaya hogA, ataH 'zyenI' aura 'enI' zabda baneMge / unase 'dvisvarAdanadyAH' 6/1/71 se apatya artha meM 'eyaNa' pratyaya hogA, taba 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 se I kA lopa hogA, taba 'aineyaH' aura 'zyaineyaH' rUpa hogA / vahA~ yaha nyAya anitya hone ke kAraNa agale nyAya se 'GI' kI nivRti ke sAtha 'na' kI bhI nivRtti nahIM hotI hai anyathA 'aiteyaH' aura 'zyaiteyaH' rUpa hote / vastutaH ina udAharaNoM meM 'I' kA lopa hone se strItva dUra nahIM hotA hai kintu 'DI' sambandhita 'I' kA, ivarNa ke rUpa meM 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 sUtra se lopa hotA hai, ataH yahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI jAya yA nahIM ? yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / merI mAnyatAnusAra yahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA koI avakAza hI nahIM hai, ataH isa nyAya kI anityatA ke lie yaha udAharaNa bhI ucita nahIM hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ina udAharaNoM meM 'DI' kA sthAnivadbhAva karake isakI siddhi karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki 'DI' kA sthAnivadbhAva hone ke kAraNa, 'GI' ke nimitta se hue 'ta' ke 'na' kI nivRtti bhI nahIM hogI / vastutaH yahA~ Upara batAyA usI taraha 'I' kA lopa hotA hai kintu strItva dUra karanevAle 'jAtizca Ni'.....3/2/51 ityAdi meM se kisI bhI sUtra dvArA puMvadbhAva nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'DI' kI nivRtti bhI nahIM hotI hai / strItva dUra hone para hI 'DI' kI nivRtti hotI hai aura usake sAtha hI 'na' kA punaH 'ta' hone kI Apatti AtI hai, use dUra karane ke lie 'GI' kA sthAnivadbhAva karanA jarUrI hotA hai| ataH yahA~ 'GI' kA sthAnivadbhAva karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki 'I' kA lopa, strItva dUra karanevAle 'jAtizca Ni'.....3/2/51 Adi meM se kisI bhI sUtra dvArA nahIM hotA hai kintu 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 jaise sAmAnya se 'avarNa' aura 'ivarNa' kA lopa karanevAle sUtra se huA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'kecittu' kahakara anityatA ke jJApaka ke bAre meM kisI kI mAnyatA batAyI hai| usameM unhoM ne kahA hai ki kisI ke matAnusAra 'jAtizca Ni-taddhita ya-svare' 3/2/51 sUtra se puMvadbhAva kA vidhAna kiyA, usase isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana hotA hai| puMvadbhAva vidhAna kA phala isa prakAra hai / enImAcaSTe' artha meM 'Nic' pratyaya hogA, taba isI sUtra se puMvadbhAva hokara etayati' rUpa siddha hogA / yahI rUpa puMvadbhAva binA bhI siddha ho sakatA hai / jaba 'enI' zabda se 'Nic' hogA taba 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se antyasvarAdi rUpa 'IkAra' (GI) kI nivRtti ke sAtha hI 'na' kI bhI nivRtti hogii| aura 'paTvImAcaSTe paTayati' ityAdi meM pumvadbhAva sArthaka hai aisA bhI nahIM kahanA cAhie kyoMki yahA~ bhI pumvadbhAva binA hI 'paTayati' rUpa siddha ho sakatA hai / 'paTvI' ke 'I' kA 'Nic' para meM Ane para 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se lopa hone ke kAraNa, usake nimitta se huA 'u' kA 'va' bhI 'nimittApAye-' nyAya se nivRtta hogA, bAda meM vRddhi karake phira se 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/ 43 se antyasvarAdi kA lopa karake 'paTayati' rUpa siddha ho sakatA hai / yahA~ aisA bhI na kahanA cAhie ki 'lakSye lakSaNaM sakRdeva pravartate' (lakSya meM lakSaNa kI pravRtti eka hI bAra hotI hai) arthAt 'tryantyasvarAde' 7/4/43 kI pravRtti eka hI bAra hogI kyoMki 'paTvI' rUpa se 'paTAv' rUpa bhinna hai ataH vikArakRta bheda ke kAraNa lakSya bhI bhinna ho jAtA hai| yahI prakriyA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko mAnya hai aura isa prakAra pumvadbhAva kA vidhAna vyartha hotA hai / kintu vastutaH aisA nahIM ho sakatA hai, isakI spaSTatA Age kI jAyegI / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa jJApaka kA khaMDana karate hue kahate haiM ki uparyukta udAharaNoM meM pumvadbhAva vyartha dikhAyI par3atA hai, kintu 'darado'patyaM strI' artha meM 'purumagadhakaliGga'.....6/1/116 se 'aN' hogA aura usakI 'dri' saMjJA hogI / usakA 'dreraNo'prAcyabhargAdeH' 6/1/123 se lup' hogA aura 'darad' (strI) hogA / usase 'tAmAcaSTe' arthameM 'Nic' pratyaya karane para 'jAtizca Ni'

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91 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 31) ...3/2/51 se pumvadbhAva hogA aura 'dAradayati' rUpa hogA / yahA~ yadi pumvadbhAva na kiyA jAya to 'dAradayati' rUpa siddha nahIM ho sakatA, ataH isa rUpa ke lie pumvadbhAva sArthaka hai isalie vahI sUtra jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA / vastutaH 'jAtizca Ni'....3/2/51 sUtra se honevAlA pumvadbhAva kadApi jJApaka nahIM bana pAtA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'kecittu' kahakara kisakA mata batAyA hai, vaha bhI spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| bRhavRtti aura laghunyAsa meM 'jAtizca Ni'.....3/2/51 sUtra ko isI nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM batAyA nahIM hai kintu isI sUtra kI carcA se aisA bhrama ho sakatA hai| uparyukta donoM udAharaNa 'enImAcaSTe etayati' aura 'paTvImAcaSTe paTayati' meM 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se antya I kA lopa hotA hai kintu 'enI' aura 'paTvI' kA strItva dUra nahIM hotA hai ataH 'DI' kA sanniyogaziSTa 'ta' ke 'na' kI aura 'paTvI' meM 'u' ke 'va' kI nivRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai, ataH 'na' kA 'ta' tathA 'va' kA 'u' karane ke lie 'DI' kI nivRtti Avazyaka hai, ata eva 'DI' ke lopa dvArA yA pumvadbhAva dvArA 'GI' kI nivRtti karanI cAhie / arthAt strItva ko hI dUra karanA cAhie / yahA~ pumvadbhAva dvArA strItva dUra kiyA hai / ataH isake nimitta se huA 'ta' kA 'na' aura 'u' kA 'va' bhI nivRtta hogA / yahA~ nimittAbhAve naimittikasyA-' // 29 // nyAya bhI pravRtta nahIM hogA kyoMki nimitta svarUpa 'DI' kA lopa kisI bhI sUtra se nahIM hotA hai / ataH ina donoM udAharaNoM meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne pumvadbhAva kI vyarthatA batAyI hai, vaha anucita hai| vastutaH ina donoM udAharaNa meM bhI pumvadbhAva sArthaka hI hai, ataH 'jAtizca Ni...' 3/2/ 51 sUtra ko isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka batAnA aura usakA khaMDana karanA donoM hI anucita haiN| yaha nyAya kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti, paribhASApATha aura kAlApa paribhASApATha ko chor3akara sarvatra upalabdha hai / kAtantra kI bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRtti meM yaha nyAya 'ekayoganirdiSTAnAM sahaiva pravRttiH sahaiva nivRttiH' ke rUpa meM hai| // 31 // nAnvAcIyamAnanivRtau pradhAnasya // 'anvAcIyamAna' arthAt gauNa kI nivRtti hone para mukhya kI nivRtti nahIM hotI hai| 'anu' arthAt pIche/ bAda meM pazcAt, 'AcIyamAna' arthAt honevAlA 'anvAcIyamAna' arthAt bAda meM honevAle kArya kA abhAva hone para mukhya kArya kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai kintu mukhya kArya ke abhAva meM gauNa kArya kA bhI abhAva hotA hai / pUrvanyAya se prApta 'yAdRcchikatA' kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| ___ udA. buddhIH, dhenUH, yahA~ pulliGgatva ke abhAva ke kAraNa 'zaso'tA....' 1/4/49 se honevAle 'sa' kA 'n' nahIM hogA, kintu pradhAnatayA ukta dIrgha to hogA hii|

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92 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) [ yahA~ 'zas' ke 's' kA 'n' karane kA kArya gauNa hai, jabaki samAna svara ko dIrgha karane kA kArya mukhya hai ataH gauNa kArya kI nivRtti ke sAtha mukhya kArya kI nivRtti nahIM hotI hai| jabaki 'etAn gA: pazya' meM dIrghavidhi mukhya hone se usake abhAva meM 'natva' rUpa gauNavidhi kA bhI abhAva hogaa|] 'zaso'tA sazca naH puMsi' 1/4/49 sUtra meM 'natva' vidhi kA anvAcaya' arthavAcaka 'cakAra' se kiyA huA nirdeza, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / jahA~ gauNatva se vivakSita samuccaya ho vahA~ anvAcaya kahA jAtA hai aura usI gauNatva kA vizeSa phala kevala gauNa kArya kI nivRtti hone para mukhya kArya kI nivRtti kA abhAva hI hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA dikhAyI nahIM paDatI hai / 'anvAcaya' dvArA kiyA huA vidhAna hI, usI vidhAna kA anuSaMgikatva batAtA hai / ata: vahA~ mukhya vidhAna ko alaga batAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, jaise ki ziSya ko 'bhikSAmaTa, gAM cAnaya' kahane para ziSya jaba bhikSA lene ke lie jAyegA taba yadi gAya dikhAyI degI, to le ke AyegA, kintu gAya nahIM dikhAyI degI to nahIM laayegaa| ata: gurunirdiSTa kArya ziSya ne nahIM kiyA hai, aisA nahIM mAnA jAyegA kyoMki bhikSA kA mukhya kArya ho hI gayA hai / vaise hI yahA~ 'zaso'tA sazca naH puMsi' 1/4/49 se honevAlI vidhi meM dIrghavidhi hI mukhya hai, aura pulliGga hone para 's' kA 'n' Adeza hogA tathA pulliGga na hone para 's' kA 'n' Adeza nahIM hotA hai arthAt vahI vyApya hone se niyata nahIM hai / tathA nyAyazAstra kA siddhAMta hai ki jahA~ vyApaka kI nivRtti ho vahA~ vyApya kI nivRtti hotI hI hai| udA. jahA~ agni na ho vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hotA hai| kintu jahA~ vyApya kI nivRtti ho vahA~ vyApaka kI nivRtti ho bhI sakatI hai yA nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai / udA. agni se tapta loha ke golaka/geMda meM (ayogolaka meM ) vyApya dhUma nahIM hai tathApi vyApaka agni to hai hI / ataH yaha nyAya nyAyazAstrasiddha hone se jJApaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| . vastutaH 'anvAcaya' dvArA kiyA huA vidhAna isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai, aisA jo kahA gayA hai vaha ucita/sahI nahIM hai kyoMki aisA karane para, usI vidhAna meM 'aicchikatvApatti' AyegI aura 'dhenUH, matI:' ityAdi rUpa isa nyAya se siddha nahIM ho sakeMge kintu sUtra ke jitane aMza kA nimitta hotA hai itane aMza meM sUtra kI pravRtti hotI hai aura jitane aMza kA nimitta na ho itane aMza meM sUtra kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| 'zaso'tA sazca naH puMsi' 1/4/49 sUtra meM do vAkya haiM / 'zas' ke 'a' ke sAtha pUrva kA samAna svara dIrgha hotA hai / vaha eka vAkya hai aura pulliGga meM 'zas' ke 's' kA 'n' hotA hai / vahI dUsarA vAkya hai / isameM prathama vAkya mukhya hai, ataH usakI pravRtti hone para hI gauNa kI pravRtti hotI hai / ataH 'etAn gAH pazya' meM mukhya kI pravRtti nahIM kI hai isalie 'natva' hone kA prazna hI nahIM hai tathA 'dhenU:' Adi meM prathama mukhya vAkya kI pravRtti hogI, kintu nimitta kA hI abhAva hone se dUsare vAkya kI pravRtti nahIM hogI, ata: 'samuccIyamAna' artha lene meM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai|

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 32) nakArAdeza kA gauNa rUpa se kiye gae vidhAna ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka batAyA aura 'ca' gauNa hone se isa nyAya kA artha siddha hotA hai / yaha anyonyAzraya doSa dikhAyI paDatA hai, ataH 'anvAcayavAcaka' cakAra se kiyA gayA vidhAna isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bana pAtA hai| ata eva pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM paribhASenduzekhara meM isa nyAya kA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hai| yadyapi vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana meM yaha nyAya hai / haimavyAkaraNa ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke pUrvavartI pratyeka paribhASA saMgraha meM vaha upalabdha hai, kintu bAda ke kisI bhI saMgraha meM nahIM hai, ata: aisA anumAna ho sakatA hai ki uparyukta kAraNa se hI, pichale paribhASA saMgraha meM isa nyAya ko sthAna nahIM milA hai| // 32 // niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya / yadi 'niranubandha' kA grahaNa saMbhava ho to 'sAnubandha'kA grahaNa nahIM karanA / 'kAryaM syAt' zabda isa nyAya aura agale nyAya meM jor3a denA / sUtra meM 'anubandha' rahita koI zabda kA uccAra karake, jo kArya batAyA ho, vahI kArya, niranubandha zabda kA grahaNa saMbhava ho to (usase hotA hai, kintu) sAnubandha zabda se nahIM hotA hai| [vizeSa spaSTatA kI gaI na hone se donoM ke grahaNa kA saMbhava thA, isakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / ] udA. 'ye'vaNe' 3/2/100 yahA~ 'tasmai hite' 7/1/35 ityAdi sUtra se vihita niranubandha 'ya' pratyaya hI para meM Ane para 'nAsikA' kA 'nas' Adeza hotA hai / jaise 'nAsikAyai hitam nasyaM ghRtam' kintu sAnubandha 'jya' svarUpa 'ya' pratyaya para meM Ane para 'nAsikA' kA 'nas' Adeza nahIM hotA hai| jaise 'nAsikA'trAsti' yahA~ 'supanthyAdervyaH' 6/2/84 se 'jya' pratyaya Ane para 'nAsikyaM nagaram' hogaa| 'na yi taddhite' 2/1/65 sUtra meM 'ye' sthAna para 'yi' rUpa nirdeza kiyA hai vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / isa sUtra meM kevala 'y' rUpa vyaMjana kA grahaNa karane se usI prakAra kA koI bhI pratyaya na hone se, vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hogI aura 'niranubandha' tathA 'sAnubandha', donoM prakAra ke pratyayoM kA grahaNa hogaa| yadi akAra ke sAtha 'ya' kA grahaNa kiyA hotA to, usI prakAra kA niranubandha 'ya' pratyaya hone se, isa nyAya ke kAraNa sAnubandha yakArAdi pratyaya kA grahaNa saMbhava na hotA / ataH isa nyAya kI AzaMkA se hI, sAnubandha kA grahaNa karane ke lie 'ye' ke sthAna para 'yi' nirdeza kiyA hai| yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki sAnubandha 'ya' para meM Ane para, 'na yi taddhite' 2/ 1/65 sUtra kI pravRtti kahA~ hotI hai jisake kAraNa 'ye' ke sthAna para 'yi' nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ? isakA pratyuttara dete hue kahA gayA hai ki 'dhuraM vahati' meM 'dhuro yaiyaNa' 7/1/3 sUtra se 'ya' pratyaya hogA, taba 'dhuryaH' hogA / yahA~ 'bhvAdernAmino' ....2/1/63 se prApta dIrghavidhi kA niSedha 'na yi

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94 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa ) taddhite' 2/1/65 se kiyA gayA hai| isa prayoga meM kucheka 'ya' pratyaya ko 'Tit' mAnate haiM, unake matAnusAra bhI 'dhurya' meM 'bhvAdernAmino..... 2/1/63 se prApta dIrghatva kA niSedha 'na yi taddhite' 2/ 1/65 se hI hotA hai / yadi 'yi' ke sthAna para 'ye' nirdeza kiyA hotA to, jo loga 'ya' pratyaya ko 'Tit' mAnate haiM, unake lie yaha 'ya' pratyaya para meM Ane para, isa nyAya ke kAraNa, 'bhvAdernAmino'...2/ 1/63 se prApta dIrghatva kA niSedha nahIM ho sakatA, ataH unake mata meM bhI isa prayoga meM dIrghatva ko iSTa nahIM mAnA hai / isalie yahA~ 'yi' nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / 'ya' pratyaya ko 'Tit' karane se kyA lAbha ? isakA pratyuttara dete hue kahA gayA hai ki 'strItva' kI vivakSA meM 'ya' pratyaya 'Tit' hone se GI pratyaya hogA aura 'na yi taddhite' 2 / 1 / 65 se dIrghatva kA niSedha hone ke bAda 'vyaJjanAttaddhitasya' 2/4/88 se 'ya' pratyaya kA lopa hone para 'dhurI' prayoga bhI hogaa| yaha prayoga 'Tit' mAnanevAloM ke matAnusAra hai aura vahI mata AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ko bhI mAnya hai / yaha nyAya anitya hai kyoMki Age 'niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyagrahaNam' nyAya AtA hai / yahA~ zrImahaMsagaNi ne kahA hai ki 'ye' ke sthAna para 'yi' nirdeza karane se 'sAnubandha' aura 'niranubandha' donoM prakAra ke yakArAdi pratyayoM kA saMgraha hogA kyoMki kevala 'y' svarUpa koI pratyaya nahIM hai aura ise isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA hai kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'ye' nirdeza karane para DhAI mAtrA hotI hai, jabaki 'yi' nirdeza karane se deDha mAtrA hotI hai / ata: mAtrAlAghava ke kAraNa se 'ya' nirdeza kiyA hai, ataH vaha sArthaka hai, isalie vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bana pAtA hai / aura yaha jJApaka 'svAMza' meM caritArtha nahIM hai kyoMki jahA~ sAnubandha 'ya' pratyaya ho vahA~ 'na yi taddhite' 2/1/65 sUtra kI pravRtti hI nahIM hotI hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'dhurya' zabda meM jo pravRtti batAyI hai, vaha yadyapi sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne bRhadvRtti meM dikhAyI hai, tathApi isa vyAkaraNa meM 'dhuro yaiNa' 7/1/3 se honevAlA 'ya' pratyaya niranubandha hI hai aura anya vyAkaraNa meM use 'Tit' batAyA hai aura 'Tit' karane se strIliGga meM "GI' pratyaya hone para 'dhurI' rUpa siddha hogA / yaha prayoga bhI AcAryazrI ko mAnya hai tathApi paratantra / anya paramparA ke 'Titva' kA apane zAstra meM nyAyoM kI vyavasthA karane ke lie Azraya karanA ucita nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiM / isa nyAya kA pUrva astitva svIkAra karake, yadi 'ye' pATha karane para sAnubandha meM pravRtti nahIM hogI, aisI AzaMkA se 'yi' pATha kiyA hai aura isake dvArA isa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai, aisA kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki 'yi' pATha karane meM Upara batAyA usI taraha koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM hai kyoMki jahA~ kevala varNa kA grahaNa kiyA ho vahA~ viziSTa svarUpa kA upAdAna nahIM hone se sAnubandha yA niranubandha ke grahaNa meM koI zaMkA nahIM hogI / bhASyakAra ne bhI kevala varNagrahaNa ke viSaya meM prastuta nyAya kI apravRtti batAyI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jahA~ sAnubandha aura niranubandha aise do viziSTa zabdasvarUpa kI saMbhAvanA ho vahA~ hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti svIkRta hai / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiM ki 'niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyagrahaNam' nyAya dvArA, isa nyAya kI anityatA batAnA ucita nahIM hai / isakA kAraNa batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki 'varNagrahaNa meM isa nyAya

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 33) 95 kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai' isa prakAra bhASya meM batAyA hai aura yahI vacana pANinIya paramparA kA hone se siddhahema kI paramparA meM isakA upayoga na ho sake aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki vahI vacana bhI yuktipUrvaka kiyA gayA hai / 'anubandha' kI saMbhAvanA ho aise viziSTa rUpa kA nirdeza kiyA gayA ho, to hI 'sAnubandha' yA 'niranubandha' ke grahaNa kI zaMkA ho sakatI hai aura isakA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai kintu yadi kevala varNa kA hI grahaNa kiyA gayA ho to isa prakAra kA saMzaya hI nahIM hotA hai / ataH vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti bhI nahIM hotI hai tathA 'ra: padAnte.....' 1/3/53 sUtra meM kevala varNa dvArA nirdeza kiyA hone se 'sAnubandha' yA 'niranubandha' ke grahaNa kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai / ata: usI nyAya kI apekSA isa nyAya kI anityatA nahIM batAnI caahie| kadAcit kvacit anityatA kA phala dikhAyI paDatA ho to 'jJApakasiddhaM na sarvatra' nyAya kA hI Azraya karanA cAhie, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiN| ___ yaha nyAya kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti aura bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRtti va kAlApaparibhASApATha meM upalabdha nahIM hai / // 33 // ekAnubandhagrahaNe na dvyanubandhakasya // eka anubandha vAle kA grahaNa kiyA ho to do anubandhavAle kA grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / sUtra meM yadi eka anubandhayukta zabda kA grahaNa kiyA ho to usI sUtra se honevAlA kArya, usI eka anubandhayukta zabda se hotA hai kintu vaha aura usase bhinna do yA tIna anubandhayukta zabda se nahIM hotA hai| sUtra meM eka anubandhayukta zabda kA nirdeza ho to, usI zabda meM jo anubandha hai, vahI anubandha do, tIna, cAra anubandhayukta zabda meM ho taba, usI eka anubandhayukta zabda ke sAtha sAtha dUsare dotIna-cAra anubandhayukta zabdoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA thA, usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'yyakye' 1/2/25, yahA~ 'akye' meM eka anubandhayukta 'ya' pratyaya kA varjana kiyA hai aura vahI kevala eka 'k' anubandhayukta 'ya' bhAva-karma meM 'kyaH ziti' 3/4/70 sUtra se honevAlA 'kya' pratyaya hai| ata: isa nyAya ke bala se 'kyana, kyaGa' aura 'kya Sa' Adi pratyayoM kA varjana nahIM hotA hai kyoMki ve do yA tIna anubandhayukta haiM / ata eva 'kyan' aura 'kya ' pratyaya para meM Ane para 'o' aura 'au' kA anukrama se 'av' aura 'Av' hotA hI hai| udA. 'gaurivAcarati gavyate' aura 'gAmicchati gavyati, naurivAcarati nAvyate' aura 'nAvamicchati nAvyati / ' prayogoM meM jaba 'amAvyayAt kyan ca' 3/4/23 se 'kyan' aura 'kyaG' 3/4/26 sUtra se kyaG hogA taba 'yyakye' 1/2/25 sUtra se hI 'av' aura 'Av' Adeza hokara 'gavyati, gavyate' aura 'nAvyati, nAvyate' prayoga siddha hoNge| 'dIrghazciyaGyakkyeSu ca' 4/3/108 sUtragata 'kyeSu' bahuvacanAnta nirdeza se isa nyAya kA

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96 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) jJApana hotA hai| yaha bahuvacana 'kya, kyan, kyaG ' aura ' kyaGgh' ityAdi sarva prakAra ke 'kya' pratyayoM kA grahaNa karane ke lie rakhA hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, 'jAti' kI vivakSA meM ekavacana karane se bhI sarva 'kya' kA grahaNa ho hI jAtA, to isake lie bahuvacana kA prayoga kyoM karanA cAhie ? arthAt na karanA cAhie / tathApi bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kI AzaMkA se hI kiyA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH 'Apo GitAM yai yAs yAs yAm' 1/4/17 sUtra meM kevala 'Ap' pratyayAnta kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai, tathApi 'DAp' pratyayAnta kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, sUtra meM kevala 'Ap' kA hI vidhAna hone se, do anubandhayukta 'DAp' kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA, kintu 'Ap' pratyayAnta 'mAlA' zabda se jaise 'mAlAyai, mAlAyAH, mAlAyAH, mAlAyAm' rUpa hote haiM, vaise 'sIman' zabda se jaba 'tAbhyAM vAp Dit' 2/4/15 se 'DAp' hogA, taba 'sImA' zabda ke bhI 'sImA, sImAyAH sImAyAH, sImAyAm' rUpa hote haiM aura ve 'yai yAs yAs yAm' Adeza 'Apo GitAM yai yAsyAsyAm' 1/4/17 se hI hogA / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki pANinIya paramparA meM yaha nyAya ' tadanubandhagrahaNe nAtadanubandhakasya' rUpa meM paThita hai / isa nyAya ke aise (haima paramparAgata) svarUpa ke kAraNa jahA~ 'ekAnubandha' kA grahaNa ho vahA~ 'dvyanubandha' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, tathApi jahA~ 'dvyanubandha' kA grahaNa ho vahA~ ' tryanubandha' ke grahaNa kI nivRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki vaha prastuta nyAya kA viSaya nahIM hai / ataH 'kyaG' ke grahaNa se 'kya' kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai aura 'yaG yak' tathA 'kya' meM 'ekAnubandhakatva' hone se anyonya kA grahaNa karane kI Apatti AtI hai / yadyapi 'ya' meM bhinna anubandha hone se kadAcit usakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai tathApi 'yak' aura 'kya' meM samAna anubandha hone se donoM ke anyonya grahaNa ko isa nyAya se dUra karanA asaMbhava hai, ataH isa nyAya ke pANinIya paramparAgata svarUpa ko grahaNa karanA cAhie, aisI zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatA hai / yaha nyAya kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti, bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRtti, paribhASApATha va kAlApa paribhASApATha meM upalabdha nahIM hai aura vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, paribhASApATha, zAkaTAyana, cAndra, jainendra, bhoja, tathA pANinIya paramparA ke puruSottamadevakRta paribhASAvRtti, sIradevakRta paribhASAvRtti, aura haribhAskarakRta paribhASAvRtti meM 'ekAnubandhagrahaNe na dvyanubandhakasya grahaNam' svarUpa meM hI yaha nyAya diyA gayA hai / // 34 // nAnubandhakRtAnyasArUpyAnekasvaratvAnekavarNatvAni // 'anubandha' se huA asArUpya (asamAnatA ), anekasvaratva aura anekavarNatva mAnya nahIM hai / asArUpya arthAt paraspara kA asamAnatva/virUpatA/asadRzatA, anekasvaratva aura anekavarNatva, yadi anubandha dvArA/ se/ ke kAraNa, ho, to vaha vyAkaraNazAstra meM mAnya nahIM hai /

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 34) 97 lakSaNa/zAstra meM kahIM niSedha kiyA nahIM hone se anubandha ke kAraNa utpanna asadRzatA, anekasvaratva aura anekavarNatva kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai|| asArUpya isa prakAra hai / 'aN' pratyaya aura 'Da' pratyaya donoM meM anukrama se 'Na' aura 'D' ko 'it' saMjJA hone para, kevala 'a' hI zeSa rahatA hai arthAt anubandharahita 'aN' aura 'Da' pratyaya samAna hI hai, kintu anubandha ke kAraNa donoM ke svarUpa bhinna bhinna pratIta hote haiM, vaha yahA~ mAnya nahIM rakhA gayA hai, arthAt 'aN' aura 'Da' pratyayoM ko anyonya 'asarUpa/asadRza' pratyaya ke rUpa meM mAne nahIM haiM, ata eva 'Ato Do'hvAvAmaH' 5/1/76 se 'hvA, vA' aura 'mA' dhAtu se bhinna AkArAnta dhAtu se 'Da' pratyaya hogA aura vaha apavAda hone se vahI 'Da' pratyaya ke viSaya meM 'karmaNo'Na' 5/1/72 se 'aN' rUpa 'autsargika' pratyaya vikalpa se nahIM hogA kyoMki 'Da' aura 'aN' ko asarUpa nahIM mAneM haiM, ataH 'asarUpo'pavAde votsargaH prAk kteH'5/1/16 se vikalpa karane kI anumati nahIM milatI hai| yadi 'aN' pratyaya ho to 'gAM dadAti godaH' ke sthAna para 'godAya:' jaisA aniSTa rUpa hogaa| bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai - : sAmAnyatayA ApavAdika pratyaya dvArA autsargika pratyaya kA sarvathA/ pUrNatayA bAdha hotA hai / ata eva 'asarUpo'pavAde'....5/1/16 sUtra banAyA hai| usI sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hai / 'A tumo'tyAdiH kRt' 5/1/1 sUtra se lekara, kRtpratyaya ke adhikAra meM 'striyAM ktiH' 5/3/91 sUtra se pUrva jo pratyaya Ate haiM, usameM ApavAdika pratyaya ke viSaya meM, autsargika pratyaya sarvathA/pUrNatayA bAdhita nahIM hotA hai kintu vikalpa se vahI autsargika pratyaya hotA hai, yadi vaha autsargika pratyaya ApavAdika pratyaya ke sAtha samAna rUpavAlA na ho to| kintu yadi vahI ApavAdika pratyaya, autsargika pratyaya ke sadRza ho to, usI ApavAdika pratyaya se autsargika pratyaya sarvathA bAdhita hotA hai| yahA~ 'aNa' pratyaya autsargika hai kyoMki 'karmaNo'Na' 5/1/72 se usakA sAmAnyatayA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai aura 'Da' pratyaya ApavAdika hai kyoMki 'Ato Do'hvAvAmaH' 5/1/76 se hotA hai aura 'karmaNo'Na' 5/1/72 se jahA~ 'aNa' kI prApti hai, vahA~ 'aN' ke sthAna para 'Da' pratyaya hotA hai, ataH yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, ApavAdika 'Da' pratyaya ke viSaya meM 'aN' pratyaya bhI hotA kyoMki donoM pratyaya ke anubandha bhinna-bhinna hone se ve pratyaya bhI asadRza hue, ata eva 'asarUpo'pavAde votsargaH prAk kteH' 5/1/16 se apavAda ke viSaya meM autsargika 'aN' pratyaya bhI hogA, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai, ApavAdika 'Da' pratyaya se autsargika 'aN' pratyaya bAdhita hotA hI hai kyoMki anubandhakRta asArUpya mAnya nahIM hai| 'ka-vRSi-mRji-zaMsi-guhi-duhi-japo vA' 5/1/42 sUtra meM 'kyap' kA vikalpa karane ke lie 'vA' kA grahaNa kiyA hai, usase isa aMza kA jJApana hotA hai / isa sUtra meM 'vA' dvArA vikalpa karane se, jaba 'kyap' nahIM hogA taba 'RvarNavyaJjanAd ghyaNa' 5/1/17 se autsargika 'ghyaNa' pratyaya bhI hogA / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, vahI 'ghyaNa' pratyaya anubandha ke kAraNa kyap' pratyaya ke sadRza

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98 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) nahIM hone se, vahI 'ghyaNa' pratyaya 'asarUpo'pavAde votsargaH prAk kteH' 5/1/16 se apavAda svarUpa 'kyap' pratyaya ke viSaya meM honevAlA hI thA, to pakSameM arthAt 'kyapa' nahIM hogA taba 'ghyaNa' pratyaya karane ke lie sUtra meM 'vA' kA grahaNa kyoMkiyA ? arthAt na karanA cAhie, tathApi 'vA' kA grahaNa kiyA, isase sUcita hotA hai ki isa nyAya se 'ghyaNa' aura 'kyap' paraspara asadRza nahIM hai, ataH apavAda svarUpa 'kyap' pratyaya se autsargika 'ghyaNa' pratyaya pUrNatayA/sarvathA bAdhita hogA aura 'asarUpo'pavAde' ....5/1/16 se bhI 'dhyaNa' nahIM hogA, isalie vikalpa kiyA hai, ataH jaba 'kyap' nahIM hogA taba 'ghyaNa' ni:saMkoca hogaa| anubandhakRta anekasvaratva bhI yahA~ svIkArya nahIM hai, jaise 'DupacIe pAke' dhAtupATha meM 'pac' isI svarUpa meM ukta hone se, anubandha ke kAraNa, yadi use anekasvarayukta mAneMge to, parokSA meM 'papAca' rUpa ke sthAna para 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm'.....3/4/46 se 'Na' Adi kA 'Am' hogA aura bAda meM 'kR, bhU' aura 'as' dhAtu ke parIkSA ke rUpoM kA anuprayoga hogaa| kintu anubandhakRta anekasvaratva yahA~ svIkArya na hone se, parokSA-pratyaya para meM Ane para 'papAca' Adi rUpa hoNge| "ninda-hiMsa-kliza-khAda-vinAzi-vyAbhASAsUyAnekasvarAt' 5/2/68 sUtra meM 'ninda' Adi dhAtuoM ke grahaNa se isa aMza kA jJApana hotA hai / yadi anubandhakRta anekasvaratva mAnya hotA to 'ninda' Adi pratyeka dhAtu dhAtupATha meM anekasvarayukta hI haiM kyoMki dhAtupATha meM "Nidu kutsAyAm, hisu hiMsAyAm' ke rUpa meM pATha kiyA gayA hai ataH sUtra ke anta meM Aye hue 'anekasvarAt' zabda se ina saba dhAtuoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA to una dhAtuoM ko alaga se kahane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, tathApi 'ninda' Adi dhAtuoM kA pRthak grahaNa kiyA isase sUcita hotA hai ki anubandhakRta anekasvaratva svIkArya nahIM hone se ye saba dhAtu ekasvarayukta hI mAne jAte haiN| anubandhakRta anekavarNatva bhI yahA~ mAnya nahIM hai| udA. 'ghuNi bhramaNe' aura 'vana bhaktau' dhAtu meM 'man-van-kvanip-vic kvacit' 5/1/147 se 'van' pratyaya hone para ghvAvA, 'vAvA' rUpoM kI siddhi karate vakhta 'vanyAG paJcamasya' 4/2/65 se dhAtu ke antya vyaJjana kA 'AG' Adeza hotA hai / isa sUtra meM dhAtu ke lie 'paJcamasya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA se yahA~ 'paJcamAnta' dhAtu lenA aura 'paJcamasya' zabda meM SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga hone se yahA~ 'SaSThyAntyasya' 7/4/106 paribhASA se paJcamAnta dhAtu ke antyavyaJjana kA 'AG' Adeza hogA kintu 'AG' Adeza usake 'i' anubandha ke kAraNa yadi anekavarNayukta mAnA jAya to 'SaSThyAntyasya' 7/4/106 paribhASA ke sthAna para 'anekavarNaH sarvasya'7/4/107 paribhASA se samagra paJcamAnta dhAtu kA hI 'AG' Adeza ho jAtA, kintu yahA~ anubandhakRta anekavarNatva mAnya nahIM hone se 'AG' Adeza anekavarNayukta nahIM mAnA jAegA kintu 'A' svarUpa eka hI varNavAlA kahA jAegA / ata eva 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 se samagra/saMpUrNa paMcamAnta dhAtu kA 'AG' Adeza nahIM hone se 'SaSThyAntyasya' 7/4/106 paribhASA se kevala antyavyaJjana kA hI 'AG' Adeza hogaa| 'SyA putrapatyoH kevalayorIc tatpuruSe' 2/4/83 sUtra meM 'SyA' kA 'Ic' Adeza karate

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 34) samaya, 'cyA' aura 'Ic' kA abheda-nirdeza kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'SyA' kA 'Ic' Adeza karate samaya 'bhisa aisa' 1/4/2 meM jaise bheda-nirdeza kiyA hai, vaise 'SyAyA Ic' isa prakAra bheda-nirdeza kiyA hotA to bhI cala sakatA, kyoMki bheda-nirdeza karane para bhI 'ca' kAra anubandha ke kAraNa 'Ic' Adeza aneka varNayukta mAnA jAtA to 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 paribhASA se samagra 'SyA' kA 'Ic' Adeza ho jAtA kintu 'SaSThyAntyasya' 7/ 4/106 paribhASA se 'SyA' ke antya 'A' kA hI 'Ic' Adeza nahIM ho sakatA, kintu anubandha ke kAraNa utpanna anekavarNatva mAnya nahIM hone se 'Ic' anekavarNa vAlA nahIM kahA jAtA hai, ataH 'SyAyAH Ic' rUpa bheda-nirdeza karane para 'SaSThyAntyasya' 7/4/106 se antya 'A' kA hI 'Ic' Adeza hogA, vaha iSTa nahIM hai, ataH saMpUrNa 'SyA' kA 'Ic' Adeza karane ke lie 'SyA Ic' isa prakAra abheda nirdeza karanA anivArya Avazyaka hai / ataH vahI abheda nirdeza isa nyAyAMza kA jJApaka hai| 'kArISagandhIputraH' prayoga kI saMpUrNa sAdhanikA/siddhi isa prakAra hai / karISa arthAt gAya kA sukA huA gobara yA kaMDA/upalA 'karISasyeva gandho yasya karISagandhiH / ' yahA~ 'karISa' aura 'gandha' kA 'uSTramukhAdayaH' 3/1/23, se bahuvrIhi samAsa hogA, bAda meM 'aikArthya' 3/2/8 se syAdi pratyaya kA lopa hone ke bAda 'vopamAnAt' 7/3/147 se 'i' samAsAnta hokara karISagandhiH' samAsa hogaa| (gobara jaisI gandha jisa kI hai vaha), isI nAma ke kisI puruSa ke pautrAdi aura vaha bhI strIliGga viziSTa ho taba 'karISagandhervRddhA'patyaM strI cet' vigrahavAkya hogA aura 'karISagandhiH' zabda se 'vRddhApatya' artha meM 'Gaso'patye' 6/1/28 se 'aN' hogA / 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeH' ....7/4/1 se 'ka' sambandhita 'a' kI 'vRddhi' hogI aura 'aNa' pratyaya para meM Ane se 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 se 'karISagandhi' ke antya 'i' kA lopa hogA aura 'aN' pratyaya sambandhi jo 'a' 'kArISagandha' zabda ke anta meM AyA hai, usakA 'anArSe vRddhe'Nijo bahusvaragurUpAntyasyA'ntasya SyaH' 2/4/78 sUtra se 'Sya' Adeza hogA, bAda meM strIliGga meM 'At' 2/4/18 se 'Apa' pratyaya hone para kArISagandhyA' zabda hogA aura usakA putra arthAt 'kArISagandhyAyAH putraH kArISagandhIputraH' meM Upara batAyA usI prakAra 'SyA' sambandhita 'yA' kA 'SyA putrapatyoH kevalayorIc tatpuruSe' 2/4/83 se 'I' hogaa| 'asArupya' ke viSaya meM yaha nyAya anitya hai / ata: 'pitA kRtvA gataH' prayoga meM 'pitR' zabda se 'RduzanaspurudaMzo'nehasazca serDAH' 1/4/84 se jo 'si' pratyaya kA 'DA' kiyA hai vaha aura 'dvitIyAkRtya kSetraM gataH' prayoga meM 'tIya' pratyayAnta 'dvitIya' zabda se 'tIya-zamba bIjAt kRgAkRSau DAc' 7/2/135 se jo 'DAc' huA hai vaha, donoM anubandha ke kAraNa asarUpa hI mAne gaye haiM, ata eva 'pitA kRtvA gataH' meM 'DA' pratyayAnta pitA zabda ko 'UryAdyanukaraNacciDAcazca gatiH' 3/ 1/2 se 'gati' saMjJA nahIM hogI, isalie 'gatikvanyastatpuruSaH' 3/1/42 se samAsa nahIM hogA aura binA samAsa pUrvapada-uttarapada kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai, ataH 'anaJaH ktvo yap' 3/2/154 se 'ktvA' pratyaya kA yap Adeza nahIM hotA hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) jabaki 'dvitIyAkRtya kSetraM gataH ' meM dvitIya zabda 'DAc' pratyayAnta hone se gati saMjJA hokara samAsa hogA, bAda meM 'anaJaH ktvo... ' 3/2/154 se 'ktvA' kA 'yap' Adeza hogA / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'DA' aura 'DAc' - donoM pratyaya samAna hI mAne jAte, to 'pitA kRtvA gataH ' meM 'pitA' ko 'gati' saMjJA hokara samAsa hotA aura 'ktvA' kA 'yapa' Adeza hokara 'pitA kRtvA' ke sthAna para 'pitAkRtya gataH ' svarUpa aniSTa prayoga hotA / 100 zrImahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya ke prathamAMza 'nAnubandhakRtamasArUpyam' meM jisa prakAra se anityatA batAyI hai usI prakAra se anityatA batAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiM / zrImahaMsagaNi dvArA batAye gaye udAharaNa meM 'pitA kRtvA gataH ' meM 'UryAdyanukaraNacviDAcazca gati:' 3/1/2 sUtra dvArA honevAlI 'gati' saMjJA, 'RduzanaspurudaMzo'nehasazca serDA:' 1/4/84 se honevAlA 'si' pratyaya kA 'DA' Adeza jisa ke anta meM hai aise 'pitA' zabda ko nahIM hogI / ataH yahA~ anubandhakRta asArUpya kA svIkAra kiyA hai, aisA ve kahate haiM kintu yahA~ eka bAta khAsa taura para dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki 'DA' aura 'DAc', donoM meM 'DAtva' samAna hone para bhI 'gati' saMjJAvidhAyaka sUtra 'UryAdyanukaraNa'... 3/1/2 meM DAc (DAjanta) kA hI grahaNa hai ataH 'DA' antavAle zabda ko 'gati' saMjJA hone kI koI saMbhAvanA hI paidA nahIM hotI hai kyoMki eka siddhAnta aisA hai ki sUtra meM sAmAnya kA grahaNa kiyA ho to, usase sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM kA grahaNa hotA hai kintu yadi sUtra meM vizeSa kA grahaNa kiyA ho to, usase sAmAnya kA grahaNa kadApi nahIM hotA hai, aura aisA karanA hI ucita hai / ataH 'pitA' zabda ko 'gati' saMjJA nahIM hogI kintu 'tIya- zamba - bIjAt kRgA kRSau DAc' 7/2/135 se honevAle 'DAc' pratyayAnta ko hI gati saMjJA hogI / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya kI carcA karate hue 'atredaM vicAryate' kahakara batAte haiM ki 'nAnubandhakRtamanekavarNatvam' aMza meM 'SyA putrapatyoH kevalayorIc tatpuruSe' 2/4/83 sUtra meM jo abheda nirdeza kiyA hai, vaha saMpUrNa 'ghyA' ke sthAna para 'Ic' Adeza karane ke lie hai, use isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| yaha bAta unhoMne kisake matAnusAra kahI hai vaha spaSTa nahIM hai| zurU kI isa bAta ko, unakA apanA mantavya samajhanA, ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'nyAyArthasindhu' ke anta meM unhoMne svayaM, isa bAta ko isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM mAnI hai aura 'taraGga' meM bhI isakA hI samarthana kiyA hai| ataH yaha bAta anya kisI kI mAnyatA honI cAhie yA to pUrvapakSa sthApana karane ke lie aisA batAyA ho, aisA dikhAyI detA hai / zrImahaMsagaNi dvArA svaracita nyAsa meM ye saba bAteM batAI haiM / 'abhedanirdeza' vyartha banane para hI isa nyAyAMza kA jJApaka bana sakatA hai, kintu yahA~ anya kisI ke matAnusAra abhedanirdeza sArthaka hai aisA batAte haiN| yahA~ 'ghyAyA Ic' isa prakAra bhedanirdeza kiyA hotA to 'ghyA' ke antya 'A' (Ap) kA hI ' SaSThyAntyasya' 7/4/106 paribhASA se 'Ic' Adeza hotA, aisA jo batAyA vaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki yahA~ 'Sya', 'aN' yA 'iJ' pratyaya sthAna

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 34) 101 meM huA hai, ata: 'tadAdezastadvat' nyAya se vaha bhI pratyaya hai aura 'Apa' to svayaM pratyaya hai hI, ataH donoM pratyayoM se niSpanna 'dhyA' bhI pratyaya hI kahA jAya kyoMki brAhmaNa mAtA aura pitA se utpanna bAlaka bhI brAhmaNa hI kahA jAtA hai / ataH yahA~ pratyayasya' 7/4/108 paribhASA se SaSThyanta nirdeza rUpa bhedanirdeza se samagra/saMpUrNa 'SyA' kA hI 'Ic' Adeza hogA ataH abhedanirdeza vyartha huaa| kintu yahI bAta ucita nahIM hai kyoMki brAhmaNa putra meM mAtA-pitA bhinna-bhinna dikhAyI nahIM par3ate / jabaki yahA~ 'SyA' meM 'Sya' aura 'Apa' donoM spaSTa rUpa se bhinna-bhinna dikhAyI par3ate haiM / ataH isa meM pratyayatva nahIM AyegA / yadyapi pratyayasamudAya hai, tathApi samudAya meM avayava kA dharma nahIM AtA hai / yadi samudAya meM avayava kA dharma mAneMge to 'zobhanaM (kalyANaM) pANipAdaM yasyAH sA zobhana-(kalyANa) pANipAdA' meM svAGga samudAya meM 'svAGgatva' prasaGga upasthita hogA aura 'asahanaJ' ....2/4/38 se 'DI' kA prasaMga upasthita hogA kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai / pratyayasamudAya meM 'pratyayasya' 7/4/108 paribhASA kA upayoga nahIM ho sakegA aura 'SyAyA Ic' rUpa bhedanirdeza se samagra 'SyA' kA 'Ic' Adeza kadApi nahIM ho skegaa| yahA~ dUsarI zaMkA batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi aura zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki vastuta: 'SyA' pratyeka sthAna para pratyayasamudAya rUpa nahIM hai / udA. 'bhojavaMzajAH kSatriyAH bhojyAH ' yahA~ 'SyA' meM sthita Sya' 'bhoja' zabda ke antya 'a' kA Adeza hai / ata: usameM 'pratyayatva' nahIM AyegA / ataH 'SyAyA Ic' rUpa meM bhedanirdeza karane se antya 'Apa' kA hI 'Ic' Adeza hogaa| isa carcA ko kucheka loga, 'SyA Ic' rUpa abhedanirdeza ke sArthakya kI carcA mAnate haiM, kintu vastutaH yaha abhedanirdeza kA cAritArthya hai / jabaki 'nAnubandhakRtamanekavarNatva' kI dRSTi se yaha abhedanirdeza vyartha hogA, ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka banegA / isakI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'taraMga' meM batAyA haiM ki 'Ic' Adeza karate samaya, yadi yaha nyAya nahIM hai aura anubandha avayava hI hai, aisA mAneMge to 'Ic' Adeza meM 'anekavarNatva' AyegA aura vastutaH 'Ic' Adeza kI utpatti ke samaya, prathama usake svAbhAvika anekavarNatva kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kintu bAda meM isa nyAya ke kAraNa vaha ekavarNasvarUpa mAnA jAtA hai, ataH yadi isake svAbhAvika anekavarNatva ke kAraNa bhedanirdeza karane para bhI saMpUrNa 'SyA' kA 'Ic' Adeza honevAlA thA hI, tathApi aisA na karake abhedanirdeza kiyA vaha saMpUrNa 'ghyA' kA 'Ic' Adeza karane ke lie kiyA, vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| aura isa prakAra isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana hone ke bAda 'anekavarNatva' ke aMza svarUpa 'varNa' pada se anubandha kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakegA / ataH anubandhabodhaka avasthA meM bhI 'Ic' Adeza meM anekavarNatva kA abhAva hI hogA / ataH saMpUrNa 'SyA' kA 'Ic' Adeza karane ke lie abheda-nirdeza kiyA vaha caritArtha hogaa| saMkSepa meM yahA~ varNaviziSTa anekavarNatva kA grahaNa karanA cAhie kintu vahI varNa anubandha ke varNa se bhinna honA cAhie / yahA~ 'Ic' Adeza meM anubandhabhinnavarNa se viziSTa anekavarNatva hai

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102 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) nahIM, ataH 'Ic' meM anekavarNatva kA abhAva mAnA jaayegaa| yaha nyAya nyAyasaMgraha ke pUrvakAlIna paribhASA-saMgraha meM zAkATAyana ke paribhASApATha meM pUrNataH upalabdha hai / jabaki vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana va paribhASApATha meM kevala anekavarNatva (anekAltva) aura asArUpya aMza hI hai, anekasvaratva aMza nahIM hai / to cAndra meM kevala anekavarNatva aMza hI prApta hai / jainendraparibhASAvRtti meM isa nyAya ke sthAna para 'nAnubandhakRtaM halantatvam' nyAya hai, jo kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai / kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti aura kAtantraparibhASApATha tathA kAlApa paribhASApATha, zAkaTAyana, cAndra, vyADikRta paribhASAsUcana Adi meM 'uccaritapradhvaMsino'nubandhAH' nyAya bhI prApta hai / isa nyAya se sUcita hotA hai ki anubandha, prakRti yA pratyaya kA avayava nahIM hotA hai| // 35 // samAsAntAgama-saMjJA-jJApaka-gaNa-nanirdiSTAnyanityAni // 'samAsAnta, Agama, saMjJAnirdiSTa, jJApakanirdiSTa, gaNanirdiSTa, nanirdiSTa kArya anitya hai| 'yathA prayogadarzanaM kvacit' adhyAhAra samajha lenA / samAsAnta, Agama, saMjJAnirdiSTa, jJApakanirdiSTa, gaNanirdiSTa, nanirdiSTa kArya anitya hai / arthAt sAhitya meM kvacid 'yathAprayoga' vyAkaraNa ke sUtra dvArA uparyukta kArya hone kI saMbhAvanA hone para bhI, nahIM hote haiM yA vyAkaraNa ke sUtra se jisa prakAra honA cAhie vaisA na hokara, anya prakAra ke hote haiN| 'sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam' nyAya se 'samAsAnta' ityAdi kArya meM prApta nityatva kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| samAsAntavidhi-: 'baDhya Apo yasmin tad bahvapaM saraH' / yahA~ 'RkpU:pathyapo't' 7/3/ 76 se 'at' samAsAnta hogA / jabaki 'baDhya Apo yeSu sarassu tAni bahvAmpi, bahvampi' prayoga meM 'RkpU:pathyapo't' 7/3/76 se prApta samAsAntavidhi anitya hone se, saba anukUla saMyoga/nimitta hone para bhI nahIM hogA / yaha samAsAntavidhi anitya hone kA sUcana 'RkapU:pathyapo't' 7/3/76 sUtragata 'apo' nirdeza se hotA hai / yadi samAsAntavidhi nitya hI hotI to 'pathyapo't' ke sthAna para 'pathyapAdat' nirdeza kiyA hotA / Agamavidhi-: Agamavidhi bhI anitya hai / udA. 'paTTA, paTitA', yahA~ 'paTi' dhAtu seTa hone se nitya 'iTa' kI prApti hai tathApi vikalpa se 'iT' kA Agama huA hai| 'paktA, pacitA, Askantavyam, Askanditavyam / yahA~ 'pac' aura 'skand' dhAtu aniTa hai kyoMki unameM anusvAra kI it saMjJA huI hai / tathApi vahIM vikalpa se 'iTa' huA hai / 'dhAv' dhAtu 'Udit' hone 'veTa' hai, tathApi 'dhAvitaH

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103 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 35) dhAvitavAn' prayoga hote haiM / zuddhi arthavAle 'dhAv' dhAtu se 'dhautaH dhautavAn' prayoga hote haiM tathA 'jabh' dhAtu se 'tiva' pratyaya hone para 'jabha: svare' 4/4/100 se 'na' kA Agama hokara 'jambhati' rUpa hogA kintu vahI 'jabhaH svare' 4/4/100 se 'jaJjabhIti' meM 'na' kA Agama nahIM hogA kyoMki AgamazAstra anitya hai, aura 'kam' dhAtu se "NiG' hokara, vartamAna kRdanta karate samaya 'Anaz' pratyaya hogA taba 'kAmayamAnaH' aura 'kAmayAnaH' aise do rUpa hoMge kyoMki 'm' Agama anitya hai| 'iT, n, m' ityAdi Agama ke vikalpa yA niSedha ke lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai, vaha Agama kI anityatA kA jJApaka hai / vaha isa prakAra hai - : 'paTTA, paTitA' ityAdi prayoga meM 'iTa' Adi Agama kA vikalpa dekhane ko milatA hai, kintu isake lie vikalpa karanevAle koI sUtra kI racanA nahIM kI gaI hai| vaha isa nyAya ke kAraNa hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra Age bhI 'yatnAkaraNa' aura isake jJApakatva kI kalpanA kara lenA / saMjJAnirdiSTa-: 'cakAsAmAsa' ityAdi prayoga meM 'parokSA' saMjJAnirdiSTa 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm' ....3/4/46 se 'Am' hotA hai| yahI 'Am' saMjJAnirdiSTa hone se anitya hai, ata: 'dadaridrau' meM parokSA hone para bhI, 'parokSA' saMjJAnirdiSTa dhAtoranekasvarAdAm' ...3/4/46 se 'Am' prApta hai, tathApi nahIM huA hai| 'Ato Nava auH' 4/2/120 sUtra dvArA kiyA gayA 'autva' kA vidhAna, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yahA~ 'Nav' pratyaya kA 'o' karane para bhI 'papau' ityAdi kI rUpasiddhi ho sakatI thI, tathApi 'au' kiyA, vaha 'dadaridrau' rUpa kI siddhi ke lie kiyA gayA hai / yadi 'o' kiyA hotA to 'daridrA' ke 'A' kA 'azityasanNakacNakAnaTi' 4/3/77 se lopa hokara 'dadaridro' svarUpa aniSTa rUpa hotA, kintu yadi 'daridrA' sambandhita 'Na' pratyaya kA 'Am' Adeza nitya hotA to 'daridrAJcakAra' prayoga hI hotA, to 'autva' anavakAza hotA arthAt 'autva' karane kI jarUrata hI nahIM thI / tathApi 'autva' vidhAna kiyA, isase sUcita hotA hai ki 'Am' Adeza 'parokSA' saMjJAnirdiSTa hone se anitya hai / ataH jaba 'Am' Adeza nahIM hogA taba 'autva' kI prApti kA saMbhava hone se hI 'otva' ke vidhAna se bananevAle aniSTa rUpa 'dadaridro' kI nivRtti ke lie 'autva' kA vidhAna kiyA hai| yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to 'autva' vidhAna ke avakAza kA saMbhava hI nahIM rahatA aura 'autva' vidhAna anavakAza hotA to autva vidhAna hI na kiyA hotA / ata eva yaha autva-vidhAna isa nyAyAMza kA jJApaka hai| ___ jJApakanirdiSTa-: jJApakanirdiSTa arthAt 'sUtra' meM kiye gae nirdeza se yA 'gaNapATha' meM kiye gae nirdeza se siddha mAnA jAtA kArya jJApakanirdiSTa kahalAtA hai aura vaha anitya hai / udA. 'dazaikAdazAdikazca' 6/4/36 sUtra meM 'dazaikAdaza' zabda kA akArAnta nirdeza hai ataH 'dazaikAdazAn gRhNAti' prayoga hotA hai kintu sUtra nirdiSTa 'dazaikAdaza' zabda kA 'adantatva', isa nyAyAMza se anitya hone ke kAraNa .

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104 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'dazaikAdaza gRhNAti' prayoga meM dikhAyI paDatA nakArAnta prayoga bhI abAdhita hI hai| 'pUrvapadasthAnAmnyaga:' 2/3/64 sUtragata agaH' zabda isa nyAyAMza kA jJApaka hai| Rgayanam' ityAdi prayoga meM 'Natva' kA niSedha karane ke lie 'agaH' kahA hai / 'zikSAdezcANa' 6/3/148 sUtragata-'zikSAdi' gaNa meM 'Rgayanam' isa prakAra nakArayukta hI pATha hai, kintu yaha 'natva' jJApakanirdiSTa hone se anitya hai, ata: 'Rgayanam' meM Natva kI prApti ho jAtI hai / vahI Natva iSTa nahIM hai, ata eva 'pUrvapadasthAnnAmnyagaH' 2/3/64 meM 'agaH' zabda ko rakhakara isa prayoga aura aise anya prayoga meM 'Natva' kA niSedha kiyA hai| _isa nyAyAMza meM udAharaNa 'sUtranirdezarUpa jJApaka' kA batAyA hai jabaki jJApaka 'gaNapAThanirdezarUpajJApaka' kA batAyA hai / gaNanirdiSTa-: 'kuTitA, kuTitum' ityAdi prayoga meM 'kuTAderDidvadaNit' 4/3/17 se 'tA' (tRc ) aura 'tum' pratyayoM ko kuTAdigaNanirdiSTa 'Gittva' prApta huA, ataH dhAtu ke upAntya 'u' kA guNa nahIM huaa| jabaki 'vyacat vyAjIkaraNe' dhAtu se 'parokSA' kA 'thav' pratyaya hone para 'vivyacitha' rUpa hogA / isa prayoga meM dhAtu kA dvitva hone ke bAda pUrva ke 'sasvarAntasthA' kA 'jyA-vye-vyadhivyaci-vyatheriH' 4/1/71 se yvat hokara 'i' hogA kintu 'kuTAdeGidvadaNit' 4/3/17 se honevAlA Gittva gaNa nirdiSTa hone se anitya hogA / ataH 'thav' pratyaya Gidvad nahIM hone se 'vyaco'nasi' 4/1/82 sUtra se yvRt nahIM hogA aura 'vivicitha' svarUpa aniSTa rUpa nahIM hogaa| isa prayoga meM yvat ke niSedha ke lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| nanirdiSTa-: 'kruGu Aste, kruGvAste, kim u AvapanaM, kimvAvapanaM' ina donoM prayoga meM 'aJvargAtsvare vo'san' 1/2/40 se 'va kAra' asat hogA, ata: ' ku vAste' meM hUsvAnlano dve' 1/3/27 se 'G' kA dvitva hogA aura 'kimvAvapanaM' meM padAnta meM Aye hue 'm' kA 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau' 1/3/14 se anusvAra nahIM hogaa| yaha 'asadbhAva' nanirdiSTa hone se anitya hai / ataH 'tad u asya mataM, tadvvasya matam' prayoga meM 'tato'syAH ' 1/3/34 se 'va' kA dvitva hogaa| 'vyAptau ssAt' 7/2/130 sUtra meM 'sAt' pratyaya ko dvitvayuktasakAravAlA kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAyAMza kA jJApaka hai / 'agnisAt' ityAdi prayoga meM 'Satva' kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha 'dvisakArapATha' kiyA gayA hai| yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA, to 'agnisAt' zabda meM Satva kI prApti hI nahIM thI kyoMki 'sAt' kA 'sa' 'vRttyanto'saSe' 1/1/25 se 'padAditva' prApta karatA hai / vaha isa prakAra-: vRttyanto'saSe 1/1/25 sUtra kA artha yaha hai ki 'vRtti' arthAt 'samAsa, kRt, taddhita'

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 35) 105 ityAdi vRttiyoM ke antima aMza ko pada saMjJA nahIM hotI hai kintu 's' kA 'Sa' hone kI prApti ho, to, vahA~ 'vRtti' ke antima aMza ko padasaMjJA nahIM hotI hai aisA nahIM hai arthAt pUrva aprApta padasaMjJA usakI hotI hI hai| ata: 'ssAt' zabda 'taddhita' kA pratyaya hone se pUrva aprApta padasaMjJA 'vRttyanto'saSe' 1/1/25 sUtra ke 'asaSe' aMza se hogI, ataH 'sa' pada ke Adi meM AyA hone se 'Satva' kI prApti hI nahIM hai kyoMki 'nAmyantasthA' ....2/3/15 sUtra se honevAlI 'Satva' vidhi, pada ke madhya meM Aye hue 'sa' kI hI hotI hai / to vahI 'ssAt' pratyaya ke 'sa' kA 'e' na ho isalie 'dvisakAra' pATha kyoM karanA cAhie ? arthAt nahIM karanA cAhie, tathApi kiyA hai, usase sUcita hotA hai ki kevala 'asaSe' aMza se honevAlI padavidhi 'nanirdiSTa' hone se anitya hai / ataH jaba yaha nanirdiSTa vidhi [ asaSe] se 'ssAt' ko padatva nahIM hogA taba vahI 'ssAt' kA 'sa pada ke madhya meM Ane se, usakA 'Sa' ho jAyegA vahI na ho isalie 'ssAt' kA dvisakArayukta pATha kiyA hai / yaha nyAya usake pratyeka aMza meM anitya hai ata eva kucheka 'samAsAnta, Agama,' tathA 'saMjJA, jJApaka, gaNa, naJ' se nirdiSTa kArya hI anitya hai, jaba zeSa samAsAnta, Agama' Adi chaH kArya nitya hI haiM arthAt apane-apane viSaya meM usakI pravRtti hotI hI hai / udA. (1) 'ic yuddhe' 7/3/74 se honevAlA 'ic' samAsAnta kezAkezi' ityAdi prayoga meM hotA hI hai| (2) 'svarAcchau' 1/4/65 se honevAlA 'na' kA Agama 'kuNDAni' ityAdi rUpa meM hogA hii| (3) svara saMjJA nirdiSTa ya, va, ra, l 'ivarNAderasve svare yavaralam' 1/2/21 se 'dadhyatra' ityAdi prayoga meM hogA hii| (4) 'UddharvamauhUrtika' zabda meM uttarapada ke Adya svara kI vRddhi 'saptamI coddharvamauhUrtike' 5/4/30 sUtra nirdiSTa-sautranirdezarUpajJApaka nirdiSTa hone para bhI anitya nahIM hai, nitya hI hai| (5) 'ajAdeH' 2/4/16 sUtra meM 'ajAdigaNanirdiSTa' Ap pratyaya 'ajA' ityAdi prayoga meM hotA hI hai| (6) anavarNA nAmI' 1/1/6 sUtra meM 'nAmin' saMjJA meM avarNa kA varjana 'nanirdiSTa' hone para bhI nitya hI hai| ___ zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya ko anitya batAyA hai isakA artha yaha hai ki kucheka 'samAsAnta' Adi kArya nitya hI hai| isa nyAya kA svarUpa hI anitya hone se, usakI anityatA batAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya kA pUrNatayAjJApana karane ke bAda usake anityatva/

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106 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) nibarlatA kA jo Azraya kiyA hai vaha ucita nahIM hai / anityatva ko batAnevAle isa nyAya ke anityatva se ye saba vidhiyA~ nitya ho jAtI haiM aura yahI nityatva svataH siddha hI hai / ataH isake lie isa nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya karane se gaurava hogA / isa nyAya dvArA ina saba vidhiyoM kA anityatva batAne se hI 'kvAcitkatva' aura 'kAdAcitkatva' spaSTa ho jAtA hai aura vaha anityatva kevala 'iSTa prayoga' kI siddhi karane ke lie hI hai / ataH iSTa prayoga kI siddhi ke lie puna: isa nyAya ke anityatva kA Azraya karanA vyartha hI hai / 'samAsAnta' ityAdi kA 'nityatva svataH siddha hI hai, ata: lakSyAnusAra, usakI 'syAdvAda' ke Azraya dvArA kvacit pravRti nahIM hotI hai, aisA svIkAra karanA caahie| isa nyAya ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya ke samAsAnta vidhi kI anityatA ke bahuta se udAharaNa dekhane ko milate haiM kintu 'Agama' tathA 'saMjJA, jJApaka, gaNa aura nan' nirdiSTa kArya kI anityatA ke vizeSa udAharaNa nahIM milate haiM / ataH isake anityatva ke jJApana kA koI phala nahIM hai isalie isa nyAya kA svIkAra nahIM karanA caahie| pANinIya paramparA meM zrInAgezabhaTTa ne 'paribhASenduzekhara' meM 'saMjJApUrvakamanityam, AgamazAstramanityam, gaNakAryamanityam, anudAttetvalakSaNamAtmanepadamanityam, naghaTitamanityam' ityAdi nyAyoM kA ullekha karake unake jJApaka ityAdi ke phala batAkara ye saba nyAya mahAbhASya meM paThita nahIM haiM kahakara, inakA vividha prakAra se khaMDana kiyA hai / usI prakAra zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne pANinIya paramparAnusAra ina nyAyoM kA khaMDana karake kahA hai ki yahA~ dUsarI vyavasthA karanI cAhie yA pANinIya paramparAnusAra vyavasthA kI gaI hotI to, ina saba nyAyoM kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / yahA~ zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne "NatvaniSedhazca zikSAdezcANa' 6/3/140 iti sUtrokte zikSAdigaNe Rgayanam iti nAnta pATharUpAjjJApakAdapi siddhayati / " vAkya meM 'Rgayana' zabda ko 'natva yukta' yA 'natvaviziSTa' kahane kI jagaha 'nAntapATharUpa' kahA, yaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'Rgayana' zabda akArAnta hai / yadi yaha nakArAnta hI hotA to kisI bhI sUtra se 'Natva' hone kI prApti hI nahIM hotii| ataH 'Natva' ke niSedha ke lie, 'agaH' zabda ke udAharaNa svarUpa meM arthAt 'pUrvapadasthAnAmnyagaH' 2/3/64 ke pratyudAharaNa svarUpa 'Rgayanam' prayoga ucita nahIM lagatA, tathApi 'pUrvapadasthA....'2/ 3/64 sUtra ke pratyudAharaNa meM 'Rgayanam' prayoga rakhA vaha isake 'adantatva' kI siddhi karatA hai| ata: 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne jo 'nAntapATharUpAd' kahA, vaha anucita hai aura isake sthAna para 'natvaviziSTa pATharUpAd' kahanA cAhie / sabhI paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM ye chaH kArya bhinna-bhinna nyAyoM ke rUpa meM anitya batAye haiM / una sabhI ko yahA~ eka hI nyAya meM sammilita kiye gaye haiN|

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 36) 107 // 36 // pUrve'pavAdA anantarAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn // pUrvokta apavAda anantara vidhi-sUtroM kA bAdha karateM haiM kintu usake bAda ke paramparita vidhi-sUtroM kA bAdha nahIM karate haiN| pUrvokta bAdhaka/apavAda-sUtra, bAda meM kahe jAnevAle bAdhya vidhi-sUtroM meM se anantara vidhisUtroM kA hI bAdha karate haiM kintu vyavahita/paraMparita vidhi-sUtra kA bAdha nahIM karate haiM / vyavahita vidhisUtra ke niSedha ko yaha nyAya rokatA hai| udA. 'zliSaH' 3/4/56 sUtra se honevAlA 'sak' anantara vidhi svarUpa 'ludit-dhutAdipuSyAdeH - ' 3/4/64 se honevAle 'aG' kA hI bAdha karegA, kintu vyavahita vidhisvarUpa 'bhAvakarmaNoH' 3/4/68 se honevAle 'jic' kA bAdha nahIM karatA hai / ataH 'AzlikSat kanyAM caitraH' meM 'sak' se 'aG' kA bAdha hone para 'aG' nahI hogA / kintu 'AzleSi kanyA caitreNa' meM 'sak' se 'jic' kA bAdha nahIM hone se, ni:saMkoca 'jic' hogA kintu 'sak' nahIM hogaa| sak, aG' aura 'jic' sambandhita sUtroM kA upanyAsa-krama hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| 'sak' pratyaya, 'aG' aura 'jic' donoM kA apavAda hotA hai tathApi 'aG' kA bAdha karanA iSTa hai, kintu 'jic' kA bAdha iSTa nahIM hai, ataH yadi 'aG' pratyaya sambandhita sUtraracanA ke bAda 'sak' sambandhita sUtra kA upanyAsa kiyA hotA to bAdhya kI ukti ke bAda bAdhaka kI ukti hotI aura vahI samartha/yogya pakSa hone se isa prakAra kA Adara karanA nyAyya hai / aura aniSTa 'jic' kA bAdha bhI, isa nyAya ke bAda AnevAle/agale nyAya 'madhye'pavAdA: pUrvAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn' se dUra ho jAtA thA tathApi prathama bAdhaka kI ukti, bAda meM bAdhya kI ukti-svarUpa asamartha pakSa kA Azraya kiyA vaha isa nyAya se iSTa siddhi ho hI jAegI, aise Azaya se kiyA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai kyoMki 'zizriyuH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'saMyogAt' 2/1/52 sUtra se kiyA gayA 'iy' Adeza/anantara sUtra se vihita 'yatva' kA jaise bAdha karatA hai vaise 'yavakriyau' ityAdi prayoga meM bhI 'kvibvRtterasudhiyastau' 2/1/58 se honevAle 'yatva' kA bhI bAdha karatA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to vyavahita sUtra se honevAlA 'yatva' kA bAdha kadApi nahIM ho sakatA hai| prathama 'sak' sambandhita sUtra, bAda meM 'aG' sambandhita sUtra aura anta meM 'tric' sambandhita sUtra kA upanyAsa-krama hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai, aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi kA vidhAna upayukta nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM / isakA kAraNa batAte hue ve upanyAsa krama ko sArthaka batA rahe haiM / vaha isa prakAra : 'aG' kA apavAda 'sak' ho sakatA hai kyoMki 'sak' kA viSaya vyApya hai aura 'aG' kA viSaya vyApaka hai| (yahA~ eka bAta khAsa taura se dhyAna meM rakhanA ki 'zliSaH' 3/4/ 56 se honevAle 'sak' aura 'ladid dyutAdi...' 3/4/64 se honevAle 'aG' ke bIca hI vyApya/ vyApakabhAva sambandha hai, kintu 'haziTo nAmyupAntyAd...' 3/4/55 se honevAle 'sak' aura 'zAstyasUvakti....' 3/4/60 se lekara Rdicchvi -stambhU...jrovA' 3/4/65 taka ke sUtra se honevAle

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108 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'aG' ke bIca vyApya-vyApakabhAva sambandha nahIM hai / ) arthAt 'sak' kA viSaya kevala 'zliS' dhAtu hI hai, jabaki 'aG' kA viSaya 'ladit, dyutAdi' aura 'puSyAdi' dhAtu hai, jisameM 'zliS' kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / ataH 'sak', 'aG' kA apavAda ho sakatA hai kintu 'jic' kA apavAda nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki 'jic', 'bhAva' aura 'karma' meM hI hotA hai| ataH bhAve prayoga aura karmaNi prayoga se bhinna kartari prayoga meM 'sak' pratyaya ke cAritArtha kA saMbhava hai| saMkSepa meM 'jic' kA aura 'aG-sak' kA kAryakSetra bhinna bhinna hone se 'sak' 'jic' kA apavAda nahIM ho sakatA hai / 'jic' ke sthAna meM 'sak' yA 'sak' ke sthAna meM 'jic' hone kI saMbhAvanA hone para hI, una donoM ke bIca bAdhya-bAdhakabhAva sambandha sthApita ho sakatA hai / aba 'bhASyokta' isa siddhAnta ko mAna leM, aura 'jic' kA apavAda 'sak' hai aisA mAna lene para bhI isa upanyAsakrama, isa nyAya kA jJApana karane ko zaktimAn nahIM hai, kyoMki kartari-adyatanI ke pratyaya para meM Ane para honevAle saba pratyayoM kA vidhAna karane ke bAda, uparyukta saba pratyayoM kA bAdha karane ke lie anta meM bhAva-karma meM 'jic' kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| adyatanI meM honevAle pratyayoM kA upanyAsa krama isa prakAra hai| prakaraNa ke Adi meM hI, utsarga aura vyApaka svarUpa 'sic' kA vidhAna kiyA, bAda meM 'sak' kA isake bAda Atmanepada aura parasmaipada donoM meM honevAle 'Tu' kA, usake bAda kevala parasmaipada meM honevAle 'aG' vidhAna aura anta meM uparyukta saba pratyayoM kA bAdhaka/apavAda svarUpa kevala 'bhAva-karma' meM honevAle 'jic' kA vidhAna kiyA hai / isa prakAra isI krama kI anyathA upapatti kA saMbhava na hone se vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bnegaa| apavAdazAstra ko apane cAritArthya ke lie parazAstra kA avazya bAdha karanA hotA hai| yahA~ yadi avyavahita para kA bAdha saMbhavita ho to vyavahita para kA bAdha mAnane meM koI pramANa nahIM hai| yaha siddhAnta prastuta nyAya ke mUla meM hai| sAmAnyatayA utsargazAstra ke bAda hI apavAdazAstra kahanA ucita aura nyAyya hai kyoMki apavAda ke jJAna ke lie utsarga kA jJAna honA jarUrI hai, yaha eka pakSa hai / dUsarA pakSa kahatA hai ki prathama apavAdazAstra kA vidhAna kara ke. bAda meM utane aMza ko choDakara utsargazAstra kI pravatti hotI hai, ataH utsargazAstra kA vidhAna bAda meM karanA cAhie / prathama pakSa lakSaNaikacakSuSka' kA viSaya hai| jabaki dvitIya pakSa 'lakSyaikacakSuSka' kA viSaya hai / tathA prathama pakSa hI ziSya ke lie anukUla hai, ata: usakA hI Adara karanA cAhie, tathApi yadi dvitIya pakSa kA Azraya kiyA gayA ho to, usakA koI bhI prayojana honA hI cAhie / vahI prayojana sUcaka hI yaha nyAya hai / prayojana yahI hai ki jaba prathama apavAdazAstra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA ho to, vaha anantarokta utsargasUtra kA hI bAdha karatA hai kintu vyavahita sahita saMpUrNa utsargazAstra kA bAdha nahIM karatA hai| 'kAtantra' aura 'kAlApa' ke sivA anyatra/sarvatra yaha nyAya upalabdha hai|

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.37). 109 // 37 // madhye'pavAdAH pUrvAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn // . madhya meM kathita apavAda-sUtra, pUrvokta vidhisUtra kA bAdha karatA hai kintu bAda meM Aye hue/anantarokta vidhisUtra kA bAdha nahIM karatA hai| pUrva meM Aye hue aura bAda meM AnevAle bAdhyavidhisUtroM ke bIca Aye hue bAdhaka-sUtra/ apavAda, pUrva vidhi/sUtroM kA bAdha karatA hai kintu bAda meM AnevAle sUtra kA bAdha nahIM karatA hai| Upara ke nyAya se prApta anantara uttara vidhi aura sAmAnyatayA prApta vyavahita uttara vidhi ke niSedha ko dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. brahmabhrUNavRtrAt kvip' 5/1/161 se bhUtakAlaartha meM honevAlA 'kvip' pratyaya hokara 'brahmahA' ityAdi rUpa hoMge / yaha 'kvip' pratyaya, pUrvokta 'karmaNo'Na' 5/1/72 se hone vAle 'aN', 'brahmAdibhyaH' 5/1/85 se honevAle 'Tak' aura 'hano Nin' 5/1/160 se honevAle 'Nin' kA bAdhaka hai, kintu Age vakSyamANa kta-ktavatU' 5/1/174 se honevAle ktavatu' pratyaya kA bAdha nahIM karegA / ataH bhUtakAla ke artha meM 'brahmaghAtaH, brahmaghnaH, brahmaghAtI' svarUpa anukrama se 'aNa, Tak' aura 'Nin' pratyayAnta rUpa nahIM hoMge kintu 'bahmahatavAn' svarUpa ktavatu' pratyayAnta rUpa hogA hii| isI prakAra ke prayoga se hI isa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai / yaha nyAya aura agale tInoM nyAya anitya nahIM haiN| yahA~ 'brahman' karmapUrvaka 'han' dhAtu se 'karmaNo'N' 5/1/72 se honevAlA 'aN' aura 'brahmAdibhyaH' 5/1/85 se honevAlA 'Tak' sAmAnya kAla meM hotA hai / ataH vaha sAmAnya vihita kahA jAtA hai aura 'hano Nin' 5/1/160 se honevAlA 'Nin' yadyapi bhUtakAla artha meM hotA hai kintu upapada vizeSa kI ukti nahIM hone se vaha bhI sAmAnya hI mAnA jAyegA, ataH ye saba, vizeSa vidhAna svarUpa apavAda sUtra 'brahmabhrUNa-vRtrAt vip' - 5/1/161 se bAdhita hoNge| zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa prakAra ke prayoga ko hI isa nyAya kA mUla mAnate haiN| jabaki navIna vaiyAkaraNa kahate haiM ki vastutaH jo apavAdazAstra hai, usake bAdhakatAbIja kA anavakAzatva kSINa ho gayA hai ataH isameM 'spaDhe 7/4/119 paribhASA se, bAdha karane kA sAmarthya nahIM rahatA hai / ataH apane se uttara meM sthita utsargazAstra kA bAdhaka nahIM banatA hai aura vahI isa nyAya kA bIja/mUla hai| __ sAmAnyatayA apavAdazAstra samagra/saMpUrNa utsargazAstrA kA bAdha karatA hai kintu isa nyAya se usake pradeza kA saMkoca hotA hai| ___yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, kAtantra aura kAlApa ke paribhASAsaMgraha meM upalabdha nahIM haiN|

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110 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) // 38 // yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo'narthakaH sa vidhirbAdhyate // jisa vidhi ke prati upadeza/kathana/pravRtti anarthaka ho vaha vidhisUtra bAdhya mAnA jAtA hai| 'upadeza' arthAt kathana yA pravartana yA pravRtti / jisa sUtra kI jahA~ pravRtti karane se koI bhI phala nahIM milatA ho, vaha sUtra vahA~ bAdhya/ bAdhita mAnA jAtA hai arthAt usI sUtra kI vahA~ pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| loka meM niSphala bhI meghavRSTi ityAdi dekhane ko milatA hai kintu lakSaNa( vyAkaraNa )zAstra meM niSphala pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, isakA sUcaka yaha nyAya hai / __udA 'tanityajiyajibhyo Dad' ( uNAdi-895) se 'uNAdi' ke 'Dad' pratyaya se 'tad, tyad, yad' Adi zabda siddha hI hai / ataH yahA~ phira se 'dhuTastRtIyaH' 2/1/76 se 'datva' vidhi kI prApti hai kintu vaha niSphala hone se nahIM kI jAtI hai| aura 'saJcaskAra' ityAdi prayoga meM parokSA pratyaya para meM Ane para skR ska, isa prakAra dvitva hone ke bAda 'aghoSe ziTa:' 4/1/45 se prathama 'ssaT' kA lopa hogA bAda meM phira se vahIM punaH punaH 'ssaT' hone kI aura isakA lopa hone kI prApti hai kintu vaha niSphala hone se nahIM hotA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka isa prakAra ke rUpoM kI siddhi hI hai| niSphala kArya karane se kadApi rUpoM kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai kyoMki vaisA karane se kadApi prakriyA-virAma nahIM hotA hai / aura jahA~ bhI isa prakAra prakriyA ke anuparama kA prasaGga upasthita ho, vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti samajha lenA caahie| yaha nyAya bhI Upara ke/pUrvokta nyAya kI taraha nitya hai| 'lakSya' ke pariniSThitatva ke lie isa prakAra ke nyAya kI AvazyakatA hai, anyathA prakriyA kA uparama/virAma kadApi nahIM ho sakatA hai aura pada pariniSThita nahIM bana pAtA / // 39 // yasya tu vidhenimittamasti nAsau vidhirbAdhyate // jisa vidhi kA nimitta hotA hai, vahI vidhi bAdhita nahIM hotI hai| jisa vidhi kA nimitta arthAt prayojana/hetu aura phala hotA hai vahI vidhi bAdhita nahIM hotI hai arthAt saprayojana aura saphala vidhi kabhI bhI bAdhita nahIM hotI hai| udA. 'taccAru' ityAdi prayoga meM 'tad' kA 'd' svAbhAvika hone para bhI usakA dhuTastRtIyaH' 2/1/76 se 'datva' karanA hI paDegA kyoMki yahI 'datva' vidhi saprojana aura saphala hai| yahI datva vidhi 'asadadhikAra vihita' hai, ata: 'taccAru ' meM 'cajaH kagam' 2/1/86 se para kArya karate samaya vaha asat ho jAyegA arthAt c kA k karate samaya catva asat ho jAne se, datva upasthita ho jAyegA

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 34) aura ca kA k nahIM hogaa| yadi 'dhuTastRtIyaH' 2/1/76 se datva vidhi nahIM kI jAyegI to 'tavargasya zcavargaSTavargAbhyAM yoge caTavargau' 1/3/60 se honevAlA jatva aura 'adhoghe prathamo'ziTa:' 1/3/50 se honevAlA catva asat nahIM hogA aura 'cajaH kagam' 2/1/86 se ca kA k nizcita ho hI jaayegaa| saMkSepameM 'dhuTastRtIyaH' 2/1/76 se honevAlI datva vidhi asadadhikAravihita hone se parakArya karate samaya vaha asat hogI kintu pUrvakArya karate samaya vaha asat nahIM hogI, ata: 'tavargasya zcavarga'- 1/3/60 se jatva aura usI jatva kA 'aghoSe prathamo'ziTa:' 1/3/50 se catva karate samaya datva asat nahIM hogA, kintu jaba 'cajaH kagam' 2/1/86 se para kArya karate samaya asat datva ke sthAna para kiye gaye jatva aura catva donoM asat hoMge aura 'cajaH kagam' 2/1/86 se honevAle gatva aura katva hone kI saMbhAvanA bhI naSTa ho jaayegii| isa nyAya ke jJApaka isI prakAra ke rUpa yA prayoga hI haiN| vaha isa prakAra -: yadi yaha nyAya nahIM hotA to 'da' kI datva vidhi na hone para vaha asat nahIM hotA aura ( ataH ) gatva aura katva kA raNa kisI prakAra se nahIM hone se takacAru rUpa hI hotA kinta taccAru rUpa nahIM ho sakatA ataH isa prakAra ke rUpa yA prayoga hI isa nyAya ke jJApaka haiM / yaha nyAya anitya hai| A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI, isa nyAya kI aura isake pUrvavartI nyAya 'yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo'narthakaH' .... // 38 // kI isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA ko ucita nahIM mAnate haiM / kyoMki aisA karane se 'anarthakatA' kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| vaha isa prakAra :-- pUrvavartI nyAya se niSprayojaka vidhi kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai kyoMki aisA karane se kriyA ke 'anuparama' kI Apatti AtI hai| kintu yaha bAta upayukta/ucita nahIM lagatI hai kyoMki Age AnevAle 'parjanyavallakSaNapravRttiH' nyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI bhI kriyA kA tatkAlIna phala yadi prApta na ho to bhI, vahI tatkAlIna phala kI apekSA binA rakhe hI, zAstra kI pravRtti karanI caahie| . yahA~ 'taccAru' ityAdi prayoga ke lie 'tad' meM 'dhuTastRtIyaH' 2/1/76 kI pravRtti karanA iSTa hai, ata: akele 'tad' meM bhI 'dhuTastRtIyaH' 2/1/76 kI pravRtti karanI cAhie kyoMki vaha sarvathA/ pUrNataH anarthaka nahIM hai / yadi vaha sarvathA anarthaka hotI to aisI anarthaka pravRtti kA vidhAna zAstra meM kyoM kiyA jAya? isakA pratyuttara dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM kahate haiM ki vyarthavidhi nahIM karanA cAhie aisA isa nyAya kA artha hone se 'gopAyati, pApacyate, 'ityAdi meM dhAtu/aMga akArAnta hone se vahA~ kartaryanadbhyaH zav' 3/4/71 se zava karanA nahIM cAhie aura to 'parjanyavallakSaNapravRttiH' nyAya nirviSayaka ho jAyegA, ataH jahA~ para kriyA ke 'anuparama' kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai, vahA~ hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti karanI cAhie, anya kisI sthAna para nahIM /

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112 ' nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI isa 'bAta' kA pratyuttara dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki vyApAra/ sUtrapravRtti ke anuparama ko dUra karane ke lie, bhI isa nyAya kI jarUrata nahIM hai kyoMki eka niyama/ siddhAMta/nyAya aisA hai ki 'lakSye lakSaNaM sakRdeva pravartate / ' yaha nyAya bhASya meM se dhvanita hotA hai| ataH isa nyAya se kisI bhI sUtra kI usI hI lakSya meM dUsarI bAra pravRtti nahIM hogI / mahAbhASya meM batAyA hai ki 'akRtakAri khalvapi zAstraM', 'agnivat' jaise agni jale hue ko phira dUsarI bAra jalAtA nahIM hai vaise zAstra bhI kiye hue kArya ko punaH karatA nahIM hai / saMkSepa meM, 'yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo'narthakaH sa vidhirbAdhyate' nyAya bhI isI bAta ko hI batAtA hai, ata: donoM samAna hI haiM, kintu isa nyAya ke udAharaNa meM 'tad' rUpa/prayoga batAyA hai vaha isI nyAya ke lie upayukta nahIM hai aisI merI mAnyatA hai / / ina donoM nyAyoM meM se prathama nyAya 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke pUrvavartI paribhASAsaMgraha meM se bhAvamizrakRtakAtantra paribhASAvRtti aura jainendra paribhASAvRtti meM hI nahIM hai, ise chor3akara anya saba paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM hai / aura dvitIya nyAya zAkaTAyana, bhAvamizrakRta kAtantraparibhASAvRtti aura jainendra paribhASAvRtti meM nahIM hai| aura 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke pazcAdvartI kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM ye donoM nyAya upalabdha nahIM haiM ataH aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai ki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke bAda ina nyAyoM kA nyAya/paribhASA ke svarUpa meM khaMDana kiyA gayA hone se pazcAdvartI paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM ise paribhASA ke svarUpa meM mAnyatA prApta nahIM huI hai / jabaki 'lakSye lakSaNaM sakRdeva pravartate' nyAya, bhASya ke AdhAra para kevala nAgeza bhaTTa ne 'paribhASenduzekhara' meM saMgRhIta kiyA hai / // 40 // yena nAprApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasyaiva bAdhakaH // jisa vidhi dvArA, jo avazya prApta ho, tathApi usake lie jisa vidhi kA AraMbha kiyA jAya, vahI vidhi, avazya prApta vidhi kA hI bAdha karatI hai| 'nA'prApte' meM bhAva meM 'kta' pratyaya huA hai aura 'yena' zabda meM kartA se tRtIyA vibhakti huI hai / jisa vidhi dvArA, jo 'nA'prApte' arthAt avazya prApta hI ho, tathApi usake lie jisa vidhi kA AraMbha kiyA jAtA hai vaha nizcaya hI 'avazya prAptimAn' vidhi kA hI bAdha karatI hai kintu 'prAptyaprAptimAn' vidhi kA bAdha nahIM karatI hai| . "prAptyaprAptimAn' vidhi ke bAdhakatva kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'vidvatkulaM, vidvAn, he vidvan' ityAdi prayoga meM sarvatra hI 'so ruH' 2/1/72 se rutva kI prApti hai hI, aura 'svanaDutkulaM, anaDvAn, he anaDvan' ityAdi prayoga meM sarvatra 'ho dhuTpadAnte' 2/1/82 se 'Dhatva' kI prApti hai hI, jabaki 'padasya' 2/1/89 se prApta 'saMyogAntalopa' 'vidvAn, he vidvan, anaDvAn, he anar3avan' ityAdi rUpoM meM 'RduditaH' 1/4/70 se 'n' kA Agama hone

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 40) 113 ke bAda hI hogA, kintu 'vidvatkulaM, svanaDutkulaM' ityAdi prayoga meM 'padasya' 2/1/89 se saMyogAnta lopa kI prApti nahIM hai kyoMki vahA~ dhuTa kA abhAva hone se 'n' kA Agama nahIM hogA, ataH saMyoga nahIM milane ke kAraNa 'padasya' 2/1/89 se honevAlI vidhi prAptyaprAptimAn vidhi hai / aisI paristhiti hone para bhI 'rutva, Dhatva' aura 'saMyogAntalopa' kA bAdha karane ke lie 'straMsadhvaMsa kvassanaDuho daH' 2/1/68 se 'datva' vidhi kA AraMbha kiyA, kintu yaha nyAya hone se vaha datva vidhi kA sUtra 'sraMsadhvaMs....2/1/68 'avazya prAptimAna rutva, Dhatva vidhi kA hI bAdha karane meM samartha hogA kintu prAptyaprAptimAn saMyogAntalopa kA bAdha nahIM kara sakatA hai, ata: 'vidvatkulaM svanaDutkulaM' ityAdi prayoga meM anukrama se rutva, Dhatva kA bAdha karake 'datva' hI hogA, aura, 'vidvAn, he vidvan, anaDvAn, he anaDvan' ityAdi prayoga meM 'saMyogAntalopa' kA bAdha karane meM yaha nyAya zaktimAn/samartha nahIM hone se 'padasya' 2/1/89 se saMyogAntalopa hogA hii| 'kvas' pratyaya kA vizeSaNa, 's' isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai, vaha isa prakAra hai- 'straMsadhvaMskvassanaDuho daH' 2/1/68 se honevAlI datva vidhi se kvas ke 's' kA 'd' hogA arthAt 'so ru:' 2/1/72 se prApta rutvavidhi kA bAdha karake 'kvas' ke 's' kA 'd' hogA, / usI hI taraha 'kvas' kA 's' 'vidvAn' ityAdi prayoga meM saMyogAnta hone se 'padasya' 2/1/89 honevAle saMyogAnta lopa kA bAdha karegA to, vahIM bhI sakArAnta kvas pratyaya milegA / usakA bhI 'd' hogA to kvas ke sakArAntatva kA abhAva kahIM nahIM milegA, ataH 'kvas' kA vizeSaNa 's' vyartha ho jAtA hai / yahI vizeSaNa vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / 'so ruH' 2/1/72 se honevAlI rutva vidhi kA vaha bAdha karatA hai kyoMki vaha avazya prAptimAn' hai, jabaki 'padasya' 2/1/89 se saMyogAnta lopa hogA hI kyoMki vaha prAptyaprAptimAn kArya hai / taba kvas pratyaya sakArAnta nahIM milegA, ataH 'kvas' kA s vizeSaNa sArthaka hogA aura 'datva' vidhi 'rutva' kA bAdha kara sakegI kintu saMyogAntalopa kA bAdha nahIM kara sakegI, ataH 'vidvAn, he vidvan' ityAdi prayoga meM 'n' kAra kI 'datva' vidhi bhI nahIM hogI, kintu yadi kvas kA 's' rUpa vizeSaNa nahIM hotA to, 'vidvAn, he vidvan' ityAdi meM kvas pratyaya hone se n kAra kA bhI datva ho hI jAyegA / isa nyAya ke bAda AnevAle nyAya 'balavannityamanityAt' // 41 // se isa khaMDa ke upAntya arthAt 'apavAdAtkvacidutsargo'pi' // 56 // taka ke nyAyoM meM sUtroM ke balAbala' kA vicAra kiyA gayA hone se ve 'balAbalokti' nyAya kahe jAte haiM / pUrva ke cAra (pUrve'pavAdA anantarAn vidhIn baadhnte..||36|| madhye'pavAdA: pUrvAn vidhIn baadhnte.....||37|| yaM vidhiM prtyupdesho'nrthkH....||38|| yasya tu vidhe nimittmsti...||39||) nyAya dvArA apavAdazAstra kI vyavasthA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ata: aba apavAda kise kahA jAtA hai, usakI vyAkhyA ke svarUpa meM yaha nyAya batAyA gayA hai / isa nyAya meM Aye hue 'eva' zabda ko bhinna sthAna para rakhakara bhI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai / arthAt usameM 'sa tasya bAdhaka eva' svarUpa meM 'eva' rakhakara nyAya kA artha isa prakAra hogaa|

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114 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) jisa vidhi dvArA jo kArya 'nA'prApta' arthAt avazya prApta hI ho, tathApi anya vidhisUtra kA AraMbha hotA hai vaha vidhisUtra avazya prAptimAn vidhi kA bAdha karatA hI hai / yadi isa prakAra avazya prAptimAn vidhi kA bAdha na karegA to vaha navIna AraMbha kiyA gayA vidhisUtra vyartha hotA hai| ___ pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM isa nyAya meM 'eva' kAra rakhA nahIM gayA hai, yahA~ siddhahema meM pUrvakathita nyAya dvArA, kadAcit apavAda meM bhI bAdhakatva AtA nahIM hai, ataH yahA~ 'eva' zabda rakhA gayA hai kintu pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM isa nyAya kA svataMtra nyAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu apavAda kise kahA jAya ? isakA paricaya aura vyAkhyA batAnevAle vAkya ke svarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi isa nyAya kI 'eva' kAra rahita yA 'sa tasya bAdhaka eva' isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA kI jAya to avazya prAptimAn 'rutva', 'Dhatva' kA 'datva' vidhi bAdha karegI hI / aura saMyogAntalopa avazya prAptimAn nahIM hone se isa viSaya meM yaha nyAya udAsIna rahegA arthAt vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hogI taba 'sparddha' 7/4/119 paribhASA sUtra se vyavasthA karane para 'padasya' 2/1/89 sUtra, 'so ru:' 2/1/72 se para hone se vidvAn' ityAdi rUpa siddha ho sakeMge 'santa' aisA kvas kA vizeSaNa svataH caritArtha hI hai kyoMki usake dvArA 'saMyogAnta lopa kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai, ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| kintu pUrva kI taraha 'sa tasyaiva bAdhakaH' isa prakAra evakAra rakhane para usakA jJApaka banatA hai| yahA~ bAdha kA artha kyA hai ? prazna kA vicAravimarza karake zrIlAvaNyasUrijI bAdha ke cAra svarUpa. batA rahe haiM / bAdha ke bAre meM pUrvapakSasthApana karate hue ve kahate haiM ki yadi vyApakadharmase avicchinnadharmI (vyApakadharmayukta dharmI ) meM, vyApyadharmavAle dharmI se atirikta kA grahaNa hotA hai, aisA 'bAdha' pada kA artha karane para 'ATatuH' ityAdi sthala meM dvitva nahIM hogA / unake tarka kA tAtparya isa prakAra hai / 'svarAdedvitIyaH' 4/1/4 vyApya hai aura 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 vyApaka hai| yahA~ Upara batAyA usI prakAra bAdha kA artha lene para 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hogA - dhAtu kA AdibhUta jo svara, usase bhinna svarayukta, jo prathama eka svarayukta aMza usakA dvitva hotA hai kintu 'aT' meM isa prakAra kI paristhiti prApta nahIM hone se 'aT' kA dvitva nahIM hogaa| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai / siddhahema kI vyavasthA ke bAre meM eka bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya yaha hai ki siddhahema meM dhAtu kA dvitva vidhAna 'dvirdhAtuH parokSA De prAk tu svare svaravidheH'- 4/1/1 se zurU hotA hai aura havaH ziti' 4/1/12 taka calatA hai| usameM prathama sUtra sarvasAmAnya sUtra hai, jabaki 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 aura 'svarAderdvitIyaH' 4/1/4 apavAda sUtra hai / aura 'Adyo'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 sUtra anekasvarayukta pratyeka dhAtu ke lie sAmAnya hai, jabaki 'svarAderdvitIyaH' 4/1/4 svarAdi aneka svarayukta dhAtu ke lie hI hai, ata: aneka svarayukta dhAtuo ko chor3akara kevala eka svarayukta pratyeka dhAtu kA dvitva 'dvirdhAtuH parokSA uprAka

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 40) 115 tu svare' .....4/1/1 sUtra se hI hotA hai, ataH yahA~ 'ATatuH' meM 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 yA 'svarAderdvitIyaH' 4/1/4 dvArA aT kA dvitva nahIM hotA hai| ___ 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 kA artha isa prakAra hai / 'svarAdi se bhinna aneka svarayukta dhAtu ke eka svarayukta Adi-aMza kA dvitva hotA hai| aura yahA~ aT svarAdi hai kintu aneka svarayukta nahIM hai, ataH yahA~ usakA dvitva nahIM hogA / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'Adyo'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 aura 'svarAderdvitIyaH' 4/1/4 ke bIca paraspara bAdhyabAdhakabhAva batAyA hai, vaha sahI hai kintu 'ATatuH' siddha karane meM 'Adyo'za ekasvaraH'4/1/2 se dvitva karane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura usake dvArA batAyA hai ki 'svarAderdvitIyaH' 4/1/ 4 sUtra ke kSetra se bhinna kSetra meM 'Adyo'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 kI pravRtti honI cAhie / yahA~ 'aT' dhAtu 'svarAderdvitIyaH' 4/1/4 ke kSetra se bhinna kSetra meM AtA hai kintu tathApi yahA~ 'AdyoM'za eka svara: '4/1/2 kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| pANinIya paraMparA ke anusAra 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 ko unhoMne sarvasAmAnya mAnakara, usakI yahA~ pravRtti kI hai, kintu Upara batAyA usI prakAra sarvasAmAnya dhAtu kA dvitva, dvirdhAtuH parokSA De prAk tu svare svaravidheH' 4/1/1 se hI hotA hai / yahA~ 'ATatuH' prayoga usI sUtra se hI siddha hotA hai kintu 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 se nahIM / 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 sUtra aneka svarayukta dhAtuoM ke lie hI hai aisI koI spaSTatA sUtra meM nahIM kI gaI hai tathApi usI sUtra kI vRttimeM 'anekasvarasya' vizeSaNa rakhA hai vaha kisa AdhAra para ? usakI carcA isa prakAra ho sakatI hai / sAmAnya rUpa se pUrvasUtra meM prayukta zabda yA pada kI upasthati usake bAda AnevAle sUtra meM ho sakatI hai / yahA~ 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 se pUrva sthita 'dvirdhAtuH parokSA De' .... 4/1/1 sUtra meM kevala sAmAnya rUpa se dhAtu ke dvitva kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, ataH vahA~ anekasvarasya vizeSaNa rakhA gayA nahIM hai, ki jisa ke AdhAra para 'yahA~ aneka svarasya' pada kI anuvRtti ho sake / tathApi vRtti meM anekasvarasya' kyoM rakhA gayA hai ? usakI spaSTatA karate hue 'siddhahemabRhadvRtti' meM batAyA hai ki ekasvarasya pUrveNaiva siddhe'tra tasya dvitvaM anena kRte phalAbhAvaH ityataH 'anekasvarasya' grahaNam / isa prakAra Adyo'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 meM aneka svarasya' 'dhAtoH' kA vizeSaNa hotA hai| saMkSepa meM; 'vyAkhyAto vizeSArthapratipattiH' // 64 // nyAya se yahA~ vRtti meM anekasvarasya' kA grahaNa kiyA hai aisA samajhanA ucita hai| isa prakAra 'ATatuH' meM 'aT' ke dvitva ke lie 'AdyoM'za ekasvaraH' 4/1/2 ke sthAna para 'dvirdhAtuH parokSA De ...4/1/1 sUtra kI pravRtti karanI cAhie / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne cAra prakAra ke bAdhabIja batAye haiM / (1) tadaprAptiyogye'cAritArthyam ( 2 ) tadaprAptiyogye'cAritArthye sati kRte cAritArthyam (3)

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116 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) tadprAptiyogye'cAritArthye sati kRte'cAritArthyam / (4) tadaprAptiyogye'cAritArthye satyapavAdazAstra pravRtyuttaramutsargazAstrapravRttAvazAstrapraNayanavaiyarthyasambhAvanA / ina cAroM prakAra ke bAdha-bIja kA siddhahema-vyAkaraNa meM kahA~ kisa prakAra prayoga kiyA gayA hai, usakA unhoMne isI nyAya saMbaMdhita 'taraMga' nAmaka vRtti meM vistRta rUpa se vivecana kiyA hai (jijJAsuoM ko vahA~ se dekha lene kI vijJapti hai|) anta meM ve batAte haiM ki anya logoM ke matAnusAra, sarvatra kevala prathama bAdhabIja se hI nirvAha ho sakatA hai aura anta meM unhoMne bhI yaha mAnya kiyA hai aisA lagatA hai| ___ yaha nyAya kAtantra ke tInoM paribhASA-saMgraha, kAlApa va jainandra paribhASAvRtti meM prApta nahIM hai aura pANinIya paramparA ke puruSottamadevakRta paribhASAvRtti, sIradevakRta paribhASAvRtti, haribhAskarakRta paribhASAvRtti ko chor3akara anya paribhASA-saMgraha meM yaha nyAya dekhane ko milatA hai| // 41 // balavannityamanityAt // anitya kArya se nitya kArya balavAn hai / jo kArya, anya kArya hone ke bAda bhI hotA hai, aura anya kArya hone se pUrva bhI hotA hai usI kArya ko nityakArya kahA jAtA hai / jo kArya, anya kArya hone ke bAda nahIM hotA hai, aura anya kArya hone se pUrva hotA hai, usI kArya ko anitya kArya kahA jAtA hai, yadi donoM kAryoM kI ekasAtha prApti ho to, nityakArya, anitya kArya se balavAn banatA hai| isakA kyA artha ? arthAt nityakArya kI hI pravRtti prathama hotI hai / udA. akATa ityAdi prayoga meM (a + kR + sic + ta) 'dhuDa husvAlluganiTastathoH' 4/3/70 se honevAlA 'sic' kA luk anitya hai, jabaki 'sici parasmai samAnasyAGiti' 4/3/44 se honevAlI vRddhi nitya hai, ata: usase anitya- sicluk kA para/bAda meM hone para bhI bAdha hogA aura prathama vRddhi hogI, bAda meM isva kA abhAva ho jAne se 'sic' kA luka nahIM hogaa| 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 sUtra meM vRddhi ke lie kiyA gayA 'kalihali' kA varjana isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai, kyoMki 'kalihali' zabda se 'Nic' pratyaya hone para, 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 aura 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 kI yugapad prApti hai, isa paristhiti meM 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/ 43 'para' aura nitya hone se isa nyAya se antyasvarAdi kA lopa hI prathama honevAlA hai kintu paTu, laghu ityAdi zabda meM vRddhi hone ke bAda hI antyasvarAdi lopa hotA hai / isakI vyavasthA karane ke lie' nAmino'kalihale:' 4/3/51 sUtra meM 'kalihali' kA varjana kiyA hai, 'kalihali' kI taraha paTu laghu ityAdi zabda meM bhI nityatva ke kAraNa aura isa nyAya se balavAn hue antyasvarAdi kA lopa 1. 'akArTa', rUpa kR dhAtu ke parasmaipada adyatanI madhyama puruSa, bahvacana kA hai / Atmanepada - adyatanI prathama puruSa ekavacana meM 'sica' kA luk hone para 'akRta' prayoga hotA hai /

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 41) 117 jo prathama honevAlA hai vaha prathama na ho, usake lie 'kalihali' kA varjana kiyA hai / isakA tAtparya isa prakAra hai / kali, hali kA 'kaliM haliM vA Akhyat' vigraha karane para Ga paraka Ni para meM hone se, 'asamAnalope sanvallaghuni De' 4/1/63 se honevAlA sanvadbhAva aura 'laghordIrgho'svarAdeH' 4/ 1/64 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi mAlUma nahIM detI hai| udA. 'acakalat, ajahalat' yaha tabhI hI saMbhava hai, jaba nityatva ke kAraNa isa nyAya se balavAn hue antyasvarAdi kA lopa huA ho aura isa prakAra vaha samAnalopi banA ho / jabaki paTu, laghu ityAdi zabda ke 'paTuM laghu zuciM ruciM vA Akhyat' prayoga karate samaya Ga paraka Ni para meM hone se 'asamAnalope' ...4/1/63 se honevAlA sanvadbhAva aura 'laghordIrgho'svarAdeH' 4/1/64 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi pAyI jAtI hai| udA. 'apIpaTat, alIlaghat azUzacat, arUrucat' ityAdi rUpa hue kintu vaha asaMbhava lagatA hai kyoMki yahA~ bhI 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 nitya hone se isa nyAya se vaha balavAn hotA hai, ataH antya svararUpa ukAra yA ikAra kA lopa hone se, 'samAnalopi' hone se 'samAnalopitva' ko dUra karane ke upAya meM AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne vRddhividhAna rUpa' nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 sUtra meM kalihali kA varjana kiyA hai aura isa kalihali ke varjana se isa prakAra kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai ki kalihali se bhinna paTu, laghu, zuci, ruci, ityAdi pratyeka nAmyanta zabda meM Ni nimittaka antyasvarAdi kA lopa nitya hone para bhI, usakA bAdha karake prathama vRddhi karanA aura bAda meM antyasvarAdi kA lopa karanA / jabaki kalihali meM to prathama se hI isa nyAya se balavAn banA huA, antyasvarAdilopa hI prathama hotA hai, isakA kisI bhI prakAra se niSedha nahIM hotA hai aura paTu, laghu ityAdi zabda meM prathama vRddhi karane ke bAda aukAra, aikAra rUpa antyasvara kA lopa karane se samAnalopitva AtA nahIM hai aura sanvadbhAva aura dIrghavidhi kI siddhi se apIpaTat ityAdi sukhapUrvaka prayogasiddhi ho skegii| saMkSepa meM 'paTu' ityAdi zabda meM prathama vRddhi hotI hai usakA jJApana karane ke lie AcAryazrI ne kalihali ke varjana kA upAya kiyA hai| yadi aisA na kiyA hotA to nitya hone ke kAraNa isa nyAya se balavAn bane hue antyasvarAdilopa hI sarvatra prathama hogA, aisI zaMkA se usakI nivRtti karane ke lie vRddhi-sUtra meM AcAryazrI ne kalihali kA varjana kiyA hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to antyasvarAdilopa ke balavattva kI AzaMkA hI nahIM hotI, aura 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH' nyAya se ziSTaprayogAnusAra sarva rUpa kI siddhi ho sakatI thI / vaha isa prakAra-: acakalat ajahalat prayoga meM prathama antya svara kA lopa karake tathA apIpaTat ityAdi prayoga meM prathama vRddhi karane ke bAda antyasvarAdi kA lopa karake ina rUpoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai tathApi isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI AzaMkA se hI AcAryazrI ne paTu ityAdi meM prathama vRddhi hotI hai, isakA jJApana karane ke lie kalihali kA varjana kiyA hai aura vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka banatA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai kyoMki 'nityAdantaraGga' ityAdi nyAya ke dvArA vaha bAdhita hotA hai / isa nyAya kI vRtti ke 'paTu, laghvAdizabdeSvapi nityatvAdetanyAye balavattvAt' zabda kI spaSTatA karate hue isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI

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118 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) hai ki antyasvarAdilopa kevala nityatva ke kAraNa balavAn nahIM hotA hai kintu nitya ke sAtha-sAtha para bhI hai, ata eva vaha balavAn hotA hai aura antyasvarAdilopa ke paratva nimittaka balavattva kI AzaMkA ke kAraNa prathama vRddhi hI hotI hai, aisA jJApana karane ke lie kalihali kA varjana kiyA gayA hai / aisA mAnA jAya to kevala nityatva kA jJApana karane ke lie yaha kalihalivarjana kiyA hai, aisA kaise mAnA jAya? isakA samAdhAna dete hue ve kahate haiM ki pradhAnadharma kA saMbhava ho to apradhAna dharma kA vyapadeza nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / aura 'parAnnityam / ' nyAya ke anusAra paratva aura nityatva meM nityatva pradhAnadharma hone se usakA hI vyapadeza karanA ucita hai| yahA~ jJApaka sambandhita matabheda batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'nAmino'kalihale:' 4/3/51 jJApaka mAnane se anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai| unakA tarka isa prakAra hai isa nyAya/paribhASA kA astitva mAnakara lopa ko nitya mAnA, ataH vRddhi kA bAdha karake lopa kI prApti huI, pariNAmataH kalihali kI rUpasiddhi ho jAyegI / ataH 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/ 3/51 meM kalihali kA varjana vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai ki lopa se vRddhi balavatI hai, aisI paristhiti hone se paTu laghu ityAdi zabda meM vRddhi balavatI hone se prathama vRddhi hogI aura antyasvarAdi lopa bAda meM hone se apIpaTat ityAdi kI siddhi ho jAyegI / isake virodha meM batAyA gayA hai ki lopa ko nitya mAnakara kalihalivarjana vyartha banAkara usake dvArA nyAya kA jJApana karanA ucita nahIM hai| uparyukta udAharaNa meM 'sparddha '( paraH) 7/4/119 paribhASA se nirvAha ho sakatA hai / vRddhi sUtra se lopasUtra para hai ataH lopa balavAn hai, pariNAmataH kalihali kI rUpasiddhi meM koI kaThinAI nahIM AyegI / kintu apIpaTat jaise rUpoM kI siddhi meM kaThinAI AyegI / yaha kaThinAI dUra karane ke lie 'nAmino'kalihale:'4/3/51 meM kalihali kA varjana Avazyaka hai| isa kalihali kA ko balavAn banAtA hai, ataH 'balavannityamanityAt' kA jJApaka dUsarA khojanA caahie| isake alAvA prastuta udAharaNa meM dUsare kAraNa se bhI aruci utpanna hotI hai / 'nAmino'kalihale:'- 4/3/51 se vRddhi balavatI hotI hai, aura kalihali kA varjana jisa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai, usI nyAya se vRddhi anitya hone se durbala banatI hai| yaha nyAya cAndra paribhASApATha, kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti meM upalabdha nahIM hai aura pANinIya paramparA ke kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM yaha nyAya nahIM diyA hai kyoMki vahA~ paratva ityAdi se hI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| kahIM kahIM 'kRtAkRtaprasaGginityam' svarUpa nityatva kI vyAkhyA dI gaI hai| // 42 // antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt // bahiraMga kArya se antaraMga kArya balavAn hai / 'balavat' zabda yahA~ aura agale nyAyoM meM jor3a denA / jahA~ antaraMga kArya aura bahiraGga kArya eka sAtha honevAlA ho vahA~ prathama antaraMga kArya

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119 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 42) karanA / aura bAda meM bahiraGga kArya ho sakatA ho to karanA / udA. ta indram, vRkSa indram / ina donoM udAharaNoM meM mUlasthiti isa prakAra hai - ' tad jas indram, vRkSa Gi indram' yahA~ jas kA 'jasa iH' 1/4/9 se i Adeza hone para aura Gi meM se Ga kAra it hone para, 'ta i indraM' aura 'vRkSa i indraM' hogaa| isa paristhiti meM iko indraM zabda ke ike sAtha sandhi hokara unake sthAna para 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1se dIrgha I hone kI prApti hai aura usI Da kA ta aura kSa meM sthiti ake sAtha milakara 'avarNasyevarNAdinai' - 1/2/6 se ekAra hone kI prApti hai tabhI yahA~ donoM kArya meM etva antaraGga kArya hai kyoMki vaha eka padAzrita hai, jabaki dIrgha I ubhayapadAzrita hai, ataH vaha bahiraGga hai, ata eva dIrgha IkAra kA bAdha karake 'avarNasyevarNAdinaidodaral' 1/2/6 se antaraGga etva hI prathama hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApana 'vRttyanto'saSe '1/1/25 sUtra kI racanA se hotA hai / yahA~ antar zabda ke r kA 'so ruH' 2/1/72 se u hone ke bAda pUrva ke a ke sAtha milakara o hone kI aura bAda meM Aye hue akAra ke kAraNa vatva hone kI prApti thI kintu yaha nyAya hone se prathama, vatva kA bAdha ho kara, otva hI hogA kyoMki otva ekapadAzrita hai, ataH vaha antaraGga hai aura vatva padadvayAzrita hone se bahiraGga kArya hai| vArNAtprAkRtam, lubantaraGgebhyaH, antaraGgAccAnavakAzam' ityAdi nyAya se isa nyAya kA nirodha hotA hai, ata: vaha nirbala/anitya hai| ___ 'ta indram, vRkSa indram', udAharaNa vAkya avasthA ke haiM / vaiyAkaraNoM meM vAkya ke sambandha meM do mata prasiddha haiM / 1. kucheka kI mAnyatAnusAra pariniSThita arthAt siddha pada samudita hokara vAkya banatA hai / 2. jabaki anya kucheka ke matAnusAra apariniSThita pada arthAt asiddha avasthA meM pada samudita hote haiM bAda meM ve pada pariniSTita hote haiM / __ prathama mAnyatAnusAra 'te indram, vRkSe indram' meM donoM pada pariniSThita hone ke bAda hI vAkya avasthA meM AyeMge / ataH isa nyAya kI pravRtti karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai, kintu dUsarI mAnyatAnusAra jaba apariniSThita saba pada samudita hokara vAkya hogA, bAda meM ve pariniSThita hoMge taba isa nyAya kI pravRtti anivArya ho jAtI hai| samAsa meM jaise alaukika vigraha avasthA hotI hai, usI taraha vAkya meM aisI sthiti mAnakara yaha udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya kI koI jarUrata/AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki pUrva ke nyAya 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki antaraGga kArya karanA ho, usI samaya bahiraGga kArya asiddha hotA hai / isase hI jJAta hotA hai ki antaraGga kArya se bahiraGga kArya durbala hai, ataH yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki antaraGga kArya bahiraGga kArya se balavAn hai / tathApi 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya aura antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya meM mahattvapUrNa pharka yahI hai ki pUrva nyAya antaraGga kArya karanA ho tabhI bahiraGga kArya ko asadvat karatA hai, arthAt, prathama bahiraGga kArya hotA hai, bAda

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120 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) meM antaraGga kArya kI prApti hotI hai, aura usI nyAya se bahiraGga kArya asiddha hone para antaraGga kArya hotA nahIM hai, ata: vahA~ antaraGga aura bahiraGga kArya kI samakAla prApti nahIM hotI hai / jabaki 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya, jahA~ antaraGga aura bahiraGga kArya kI samakAla prApti ho vahA~ bahiraGga kArya karane se pahale antaraGa kArya karatA hai, bAda meM yadi bahiraGa kArya ho sakatA ho to karanA / vastutaH pUrvokta 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya kI vyAkhyA ke samaya hI kahA gayA hotA ki 'jaba antaraGga kArya karanA ho, taba bahiraGga kArya jo ho gayA hai vaha asiddha hotA hai aura antaraGgakArya ke sAtha-sAtha honevAlA bahiraGga kArya, prathama nahIM hotA hai, kintu antaraGga kArya hI prathama hotA hai|' to nirvAha ho sakatA thA / kintu anya vyAkaraNa sambandhita paribhASAsaMgraha-jaise vyADi paribhASApATha, zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAtantra, kAlApa, bhoja, puruSottamadeva ityAdi ne donoM ko bhinna-bhinna batAye hai, ata: donoM prakAra ke lakSyayukta kArya kA spaSTa rUpa se bhinna-bhinna saMgraha karane ke lie hI bhinnabhinna nyAya ke svarUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| isake bAre meM vistRta vicAra-vimarza 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya meM kiyA gayA hai / yaha nyAya kevala kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRtaparibhASAvRtti meM hI nahIM hai / tathA pANinIya paramparA ke puruSottamadevakRtaparibhASAvRtti, sIradeva, nIlakaMTha aura haribhAskara kI paribhASAvRttiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, ise chor3akara pANinIya paramparA ke anya paribhASAsaMgraha meM 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' nyAya meM hI isakA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| // 43 // niravakAzaM sAvakAzAt // niravakAza kArya, sAvakAza kArya se balavAn hai / niravakAza kArya sAvakAza kArya se balavAn hai / nir aura saha zabda kA anukrama se alpa aura bahu artha lenA arthAt niravakAza kA matalaba alpaviSayaka aura sAvakAza kA matalaba adhika/ bahuviSayaka arthAt alpaviSayaka zAstra, bahuviSayaka zAstra se balavAn hai / isakA bhAvArtha kyA ? bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai, bahuviSayaka zAstra kA bAdha karake alpaviSayaka zAstra kI pravRtti hotI hai| udA. 'bhisa ais' 1/4/2 sUtra 'ed bahusbhosi' 1/4/4 sUtra kI apekSA se alpaviSayaka hai aura 'ed bahusbhosi' 1/4/4 sUtra bahuviSayaka hai / 'ed bahusbhosi' 1/4/4 bahuvacana ke sakArAdi, bhakArAdi aura SaSThI saptamI ke dvivacana ke os pratyayanimittaka hai| jabaki bhisa ais 1/4/2 kevala bhis pratyayanimittaka hai, ataH "bhisa ais' 1/4/2 niravakAza hai jabaki 'ebahusbhosi' 1/4/4 sAvakAza hai, ataH 'vRkSaiH' ityAdi prayoga meM para aise 'ebahusbhosi' 1/4/4 kA bAdha karake niravakAza aise 'bhisa ais' 1/4/2 kI pravRtti hotI hai, kyoMki 'ebahusbhosi' 1/4/4 'ebhiH, ebhyaH' ityAdi prayoga meM sAvakAza hai / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'bhisa ais' 1/4/2 sUtra svayaM hI hai| vaha isa prakAra-: yadi yaha nyAya

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 44) 121 na hotA to 'vRkSaiH ityAdi prayoga meM 'ed bahusbhosi' 1/4/4 se etva hI hotA to 'bhisa ais' 1/ 4/2 sUtra hI nahIM kiyA jAtA, kyoMki usakI pravRtti kA koI avakAza hI nahIM rahatA tathApi yaha sUtra banAyA, vaha isa nyAya se 'bhisa ais '1/4/2 balavAn hokara 'vRkSaiH' ityAdi prayoga meM yahI 'bhisa ais' 1/4/2 kI pravRtti kI saMbhAvanA kA vicAra karake hI sUtra banAyA hai, anyathA vahI sUtrakaraNa hI anarthaka hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA nahIM hai| isake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yadi 'ed bahusbhosi' 1/4/4 sUtra hI sarvatra prayukta ho to 'bhisa ais' 1/4/2 nirarthaka ho jAtA hai aura vaha nirarthaka hokara jJApana karatA hai ki jahA~ 'bhisa aisa' 1/4/2 kI pravRtti honevAlI ho, vahA~ 'ed bahusbhosi' 1/4/4 pravRtta nahIM hogaa| yaha nyAya kahIM bhI bAdhya nahIM hotA hai kyoMki niravakAza kArya apavAda hone se sarvase balavAn hai| unakI mAnyatAnusAra 'yena nA'prApte yo vidhirArabhyate, sa tasyaiva bAdhakaH' nyAya kA hI yaha prapaJca hai arthAt isI nyAya meM hI 'niravakAzaM sAvakAzAt' samAviSTa ho jAtA hai / tathApi donoM meM sUkSma pharka hai / bAdhakabhAva do prakAra se AtA hai| (1) jahA~ asaMbhava ho vahA~ bAdhaka ho sakatA hai (2) jahA~ saMbhava ho vahA~ bAdhaka ho sakatA hai| udA. sarve brAhmaNA bhojyantAm, mATharakauNDinyau pariveviSAtAm / (2) sarvebhyo brAhmaNebhyo dadhi dIyatAm, takraM kauNDinyAya / prathama udAharaNa meM asaMbhava hai, ata: mAThara, kauNDinya donoM ko parosane ke kArya meM lagAye jAte haiM, ataH parosane ke samaya bhojana karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH 'sati asaMbhave bAdhanaM bhavati'' jabaki dUsare udAharaNa meM kauNDinya ko takradAna ke pUrva yA bAda meM dahIM bhI diyA jA sakatA hai athavA dadhi aura taka donoM sAtha meM diyA jA sakatA hai, ataH dadhidAna kA saMbhava hone se takradAna usakA niSedha karanevAlA bAdhaka banatA hai / yena nA'prApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasyaiva bAdhakaH' nyAya jahA~ sarvathA niravakAzatva hotA hai vahA~ bAdhaka banatA nahIM hai jabaki niravakAzaM sAvakAzAt' nyAya bAdhaka banatA hai / 'niravakAzaM sAvakAzat' nyAya asaMbhava meM bAdhaka banatA hai jabaki 'yena nA'prApte yo vidhirArabhyate' nyAya saMbhava ho vahA~ hI bAdhaka banatA hai| yaha nyAya niravakAza kArya ke balavattva ko sUcita karatA hai, aura matavaibhinya hone para bhI kisa na kisI prakAra se sabhI vyAkaraNa paramparA meM isakA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| // 44 // vArNAt prAkRtam // varNa sambandhita kArya se prakRti sambandhita kArya balavAn hai / yahA~ dhAtu svarUpa prakRti lenA, kintu nAma svarUpa prakRti nahIM lenA kyoMki nAma svarUpa prakRti ke kAryoM kA samAveza vArNa kAryoM meM ho jAtA hai / vArNa arthAt varNa sambandhita / varNa sambandhita kA kyA artha ? varNa kA uccAra karake jisakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha vArNa kahA 1. vyADi aura vAtikakAra ne isI mAnyatA ko svIkRti dI hai, kintu bhASyakAra ne usakA khaNDana kiyA hai /

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122 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) jAtA hai, usase prakRti kA uccAra karake jisakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai vahI kArya balavAn hotA hai| 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya kA yaha apavAda hai| udA. UvatuH, UvuH / 've + atus, ve + us 'meM 'yajAdivaceH kiti' 4/1/79 se yvat (saMprasAraNa ) hone ke bAda 'u' kA dvitva hogA, ataH 'u u atus, u u us' hogA / isa paristhiti meM antaraMga kArya svarUpa dvirukta u kI sandhi hokara, 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se donoM ke sthAna para U hone kI prApti hai kyoMki vaha prakRti Azrita aura pUrvavyavasthita hai, jabaki 'dhAtori varNovarNasyeyuva svare pratyaye '2/1/50 se honevAlA dvitIya 'u' kA uv pratyayAzrita aura bahirvyavasthita hone se bahiraGga kArya hai usakI bhI prApti hai / 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya se dIrghavidhi hI prathama hone kI prApti hai, aura to 'uvatuH uvuH' aniSTa rUpa hoNge| kintu 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya kA isa nyAya se bAdha hokara bahiraGga kArya svarUpa 'uv' hI 'dhAtorivarNo-' 2/1/50 se prathama hogA kyoMki dhAtu svarUpa prakRti kA nAma/zabda grahaNa karake usakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hone se, vaha prAkRta hai, aura bAda meM antaraGga kArya svarUpa dIrghavidhi 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 sUtra se hogI, kyoMki 'samAna' rUpa varNa kA uccAra karake usakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, ataH vaha vArNa hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya se siddha honevAle 'uvatuH uvuH' jaise aniSTa rUpoM kA niSedha karane ke lie koI prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai, vaha hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai kyoMki agalA nyAya isa nyAya kA apavAda hai / 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya meM batAyA hai, usa prakAra yaha nyAya usakA apavAda hai, aura usake kArya kSetra meM saMkoca karatA hai / bahiraGga svarUpa prakRti sambandhita kArya, antaraGga kArya svarUpa varNa sambandhita kArya kA bAdha karegA / yahA~ isa nyAya meM prAkRta' zabda meM jo prakRti kA grahaNa hai, vaha nAma svarUpa nahIM kintu dhAtu svarUpa grahaNa karanA, kyoMki kucheka kI mAnyatAnusAra nAma svarUpa prakRti ke kAryo kA samAveza vArNa kAyoM meM ho jAtA hai| kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatAnusAra vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki aise saMkoca karane meM koI pramANa nahIM hai, aura pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM bhI 'svarito vA'nudAtte padAdau' 8/2/6 sUtra ke bhASya meM 'kumAryai' prayoga kI siddhi ke lie isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI gaI hai, ataH 'prakRti' meM 'nAma' kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai aura dhAtu' kA grahaNa to isa nyAya ke jJApaka se hI ho jAtA hai arthAt donoM kA grahaNa karanA cAhie tathApi siddhahema kI paraMparA/paripATI anusAra, zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke vacanAnusAra yahA~ dhAtu svarUpa prakRti kA hI grahaNa karanA ucita hai| unhoMne isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM 'nadyai' ityAdi rUpa meM 'nadI' Adi zabda rUpa prakRti ke yatva rUpa kArya ko vArNa kArya hI batAyA gayA hai| kisI bhI varNa vizeSa yA varNasamudAya vizeSa kA uccAra karake kahA gayA kArya vArNa kArya kahA jAtA hai / aura kisI bhI dhAtuvizeSa yA dhAtusamudAyavizeSa yA sarvasAmAnya 'dhAtu' zabda kA kA uccAra karake kahA gayA kArya prAkRta kArya hai| aisA, prAkRta kArya uparyukta vArNa kArya kA bAdha karatA hai| . 1. yahA~ spaDhe 7/4/119 dvArA dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyuv - 2/1/50 se uv hI ho sakatA hai /

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 45) 123 zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne' UvatuH 'ityAdi prayoga kI siddhi ke lie anya koI prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai|' use batAyA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'uvatuH, uvuH' ityAdi aniSTa rUpoM ke niSedha ke lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai, usakA isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| aise jJApakoM ke prati zrIlAvaNyasarijI ko aruci hai| unakA kahanA hai ki isa nyAya ke binA bhI 'nAnivArthA zAstrapravRttiH' nyAya kA avalambana lekara ina rUpoM kI siddhi ho sakatI hai, tathA usase bhinna rUpa aniSTa hone se siddha kiye gaye nahIM haiM aisA anumita ho sakatA hai / tathA pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke sUtra 'dAzvAn sAhyAn mIDhvAMzca' (pA.sU. 6/1/12) ke mahAbhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se isa nyAya ko jJApakasiddha batAyA hai aura isake jJApaka ke svarUpa meM 'abhyAsasyA'savarNe' (pA.sU. 6/4/78) sUtra meM 'asavarNe' pada kA grahaNa hI batAyA hai, usI prakAra siddhahema ke sUtra 'pUrvasyA'sve svare yvoriyav' [ si. 4/1/37] sUtra meM 'asve svare' kahA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / vaha isa prakAra-iyeSa (iyAya) ityAdi meM 'i +iS +a' svarUpa sthiti meM laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 se guNa hone kI aura 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se dIrgha hone kI samakAlIna prApti hai, vahA~ dIrghavidhi antaraGga hone se prathama hogI aura para meM/bAda meM asva svara kA abhAva hone se 'pUrvasyA'sve svare' 4/1/37 meM kathita 'asve svare' vyartha huA aura vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai tathA isa nyAya se balavAn huA guNa 'laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 se prathama hogA aura asva svara para meM Ane ke bAda pUrva i kA iy Adeza hogA / isa prakAra asve svare' pada sArthaka hogA aura 'ISatuH' ityAdi prayoga meM guNa hone kI prApti kA hI abhAva hone se iy, uv kI pravRtti kA avakAza hI nahIM hai ataH 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se dIrghavidhi hI hogI / yaha nyAya asthira/anitya hai kyoMki agale nyAya 'vRd yvRdAzrayaM ca // 45 // ' meM vArNa svarUpa yvRd aura yvadAzrita kArya ko prAkRta kArya se balavAn mAnA gayA hai / arthAt yvRd sambandhita kArya 'vArNAt prAkRtam" // 44 // nyAya ke kSetra se bAhira hai / yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRtavRtti va bhAvamizrakRtavRtti meM prApta nahIM hai / ise chor3akara anya sabhI vyAkaraNa paramparA meM yaha nyAya upalabdha hai| // 45 // yvRd yvadAzrayaM ca // yvad aura yvRdAzrita kArya prAkRta kArya se balavAn hai| varNa dvArA ukta kAryasvarUpa yvRd aura yvadAzrita kArya prAkRta kArya se bhI balabAn hai / udA. upazUya, yahA~ 'upazvi + ktvA' hai / yahA~ 'anatra: ktvo yap '3/2/154 se 'ktvA' kA yap Adeza hogA, ataH 'upazvi + yap' hogA / isa paristhiti meM 'isvasya taH pitkRti' 4/4/113 se t ke Agama kA kArya hrasvAnta prakRti Azrita hone se prAkRta hai tathA 'yajAdivaceH kiti' 4/1/79 se honevAlA yvRd kA kArya vArNa hai / uparyukta nyAya se prathama t kA Agama honA cAhie, tathApi usakA bAdha karake isa nyAya se prathama 'yajAdivaceH kiti' 4/1/79 se yvRd prathama hogA bAda meM bhI 'isvasya taH pitkRti' 4/4/113 pravRtta nahIM hogA kintu 'dIrghamavo'ntyam' 4/1/103 se dIrgha hogA kyoMki

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124 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) vaha yvadAzrita hai aura dIrgha hone ke bAda 'isvasya taH pitkRti' 4/4/113 pravRtta nahIM hogaa| yaha nyAya anitya hai| isa nyAya ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki kucheka prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa mAnate haiM ki yaha nyAya, aise/isa prakAra ke lakSyAnusAra pravRtta hotA hai, ataH isakA koI jJApaka nahIM hai| jabaki navIna vaiyAkaraNa mAnate haiM ki isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai aura vaha isa prakAra hai / 'upazci + ktvA' meM 'upazvi + yap' hone ke bAda pUrva meM batAyA usa prakAra t kA Agama hasvAnta prakRti Azrita hone se prAkRta aura yvat sasvarAntasthAzrita hone se vArNa hai, tathApi t kA Agama kevala husvasvarAzrita hone se use vArNa mAnA jA sakatA hai aura yvRd 'yajAdivaceH kiti' 4/1/79 se yajAdi svarUpa prakRti ko uddezya banAkara kahA gayA hone se prAkRta kahA jA sakatA hai aura isa prakAra uparyukta 'vArNAtprAkRtam' nyAya se nirvAha ho sakatA hai, ataH isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA mAlUma nahIM detii| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke svarUpa meM aise prayogoM ko hI mAnate haiN| ina donoM nyAyoM kA bhinna-bhinna nyAya ke svarUpa meM vidhAna bhoja vyAkaraNa se zurU huA hai| isake alAvA isase pUrva kisI bhI vyAkaraNa yA paribhASAgraMthoM meM yaha paribhASA/nyAya ke rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai / isake badale meM pANinIya paramparA meM 'saMprasAraNaM tadAzrayaM ca kArya' nyAya dikhAI detA hai| // 46 // upapadavibhakteH kArakavibhaktiH // upapadavibhakti se kArakavibhakti balavatI hai| balavatI zabda yahA~ adhyAhAra hai / jaba eka hI zabda se upapadavibhakti aura kArakavibhakti donoM ekasAtha hone kI prApti ho aura donoM bhinna-bhinna ho to kArakanimittaka vibhakti balavatI mAnI jAtI hai / udA. 'devAn namasyati' / yahA~ 'zaktArthavaSaDnamaHsvastisvAhAsvadhAbhiH' 2/2/68 se namas ke yoga meM 'deva' zabda ko caturthI vibhakti ho sakatI hai kintu 'deva' zabda 'namasyati' kA karma hone se karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti hogii| isa nyAya kA jJApaka pUrva nyAya meM batAyA usI taraha aise prayoga hI hai| yaha nyAya asthira hai aura isakA jJApaka 'krudruheAsUyAthai yaM prati kopaH' 2/2/27 sUtra meM 'yasmai kopaH' ke sthAna para 'yaM prati kopaH' svarUpa kiyA gayA nirdeza hI hai kyoMki kup dhAtu ke yoga meM isI sUtra se 'yad' se saMpradAna saMjJA hokara caturthI vibhakti ho sakatI hai tathApi 'bhAgini ca pratiparyanubhiH' 2/2/37 se dvitIyA huI hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'yaM prati kopaH' ke sthAna para 'yasmai prati kopaH' prayoga hotA aura usameM caturthI hone ke bAda prati' zabda vyartha hone para nimittApAye naimittikasyApyapAya:' nyAya se 'prati' zabda nivRtta hone para 'yasmai kopaH' hotA, kintu yaha nyAya anitya hone se caturthI kA bAdha hokara dvitIyA huI hai, ata: 'yaM prati kopaH' aisA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| upapadavibhakti arthAt anya kisI nAma yA pada yA avyaya ke yoga meM usake sAtha Aye hue zabda se kisI nizcita vibhakti kA honA vaha, aura kArakavibhakti arthAt kisI bhI zabda kartA, karma,

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 46) 125 karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna yA adhikaraNa hone para usI kAraka se honevAlI vibhakti ke pratyaya rakhanA vahI kArakavibhakti kahalAtI hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM kahate haiM ki 'namasyati' meM 'namaH karoti' artha meM 'namas' avyaya se kyan pratyaya hokara namasya' dhAtu banatA hai, to yahA~ aisI zaMkA upasthita hotI hai ki 'namasyati' ke yoga meM caturthI kI prApti kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai ? kyoMki 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAyAnusAra kevala namaH zabda hI arthavAn mAnA jA sakatA hai jabaki yahA~ 'namasya' dhAtu arthavAn hai kintu usakA ekadeza svarUpa 'namaH' zabda arthavAn nahIM hai usakA uttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki, ApakI bAta sahI hai kintu 'arthavadgrahaNe-' nyAya kI yahA~ pravRtti nahIM hotI hai kyo ki 'nyAyAH sthavirayaSTiprAyAH' (nyAya sthavirayaSTi jaise haiM,) arthAt AvazyakatA hone para hI nyAya kI pravRtti karanI cAhie / yahA~ yaha 'arthavadgrahaNe-' nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI dRSTi se ucita mAlUma nahIM detA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke svarUpa meM- 'krudruheAsUyArthe yaM prati kopaH' 2/2/27 ko batAyA hai| usameM yad se prati ke yoga meM honevAlI dvitIyA vibhakti (upapadavibhakti) kI hai kintu kup dhAtu ke yoga meM sampradAna saMjJA hokara caturthI kArakavibhakti nahIM kI gaI hai| yaha bAta sahI nahIM hai| prathama bAta yaha hai ki yahA~ kopaH' zabda kupyati dhAtu se banA huA hai, tathApi vaha sAkSAt kupa dhAtu nahIM hai kintu zabda hai, tathA zabda kA karma yA sampradAna ho sakatA nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai sUtra meM prayukta yad zabda kA artha/viSaya prati vAstavika kopa kA abhAva hone se sampradAna saMjJA ho sakatI nahIM hai, anyathA 'manasA krudhyati, ziSyasya krudhyati vinayArtham, bhAryAmirNyati, mainAmanyo'drAkSIt' ityAdi meM sampradAna saMjJA hokara caturthI hone kI Apatti AyegI, ataH yahA~ caturthI kI prApti nahIM thii| ata eva 'prati' zabda ke yoga meM dvitIyA vibhakti huI hone se yahA~ isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA/jarUrata hI nahIM hai, ataH isI sUtra ke nirdeza se isa nyAya kA durbalatva batAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| taduparAMta yaha nyAya vAcanikI paribhASA ke svarUpa me hone se vaha anitya nahIM ho sakatA hai| jo nyAya jJApakasiddha hotA hai usakI hI anityatA batAyI jA sakatI hai aura jahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai vahA~ anya koI samAdhAna khojanA caahie| isa paribhASA ko nAgeza ne paribhASenduzekhara meM (pari. 94) vAcanikI batAI hai aura yaha bAta (pA.sU.) 'tatra ca dIyate' sUtra ke bhASya se dhvanita mAnI hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA dUsarI taraha se bhI batAyI jA sakatI hai| vaha isa prakAra - : 'vivakSAtaH kArakANi' nyAya, isa nyAya kA bAdhaka ho sakatA hai kyoMki upapadavibhakti aura kArakavibhakti donoM prApta hoM aise dRSTAnta meM kAraka kI kAraka ke svarUpa meM vivakSA na karane para, upapada meM Aye hue zabda ke yoga meM honevAlI upapadavibhakti niHsaMkoca ho sakatI hai| yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyana va kAtantra kI durgasiMhakRtavRtti ko chor3akara sabhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM hai|

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126 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) // 47 // lubantaraGgebhyaH // antaraGgakArya se bhI lup balavAn hai / yahA~ 'api' zabda adhyAhAra hai, ataH 'lubantaraGgebhyo'pi' hai, aisA mAnakara 'antaraGga kArya se bhI' artha karanA caahie| bahiraGga aisA lup, antaraGga kArya se bhI balavAn hai, ataH antaraGgavidhi kA bAdha karake bahiraGga aisA lup prathama hotA hai / udA. 'gargasyApatyAni gargAH' / yahA~ 'garga + yaJ + jas' hai, usa meM jasa ke kAraNa/nimitta se yaJ kA lup (lopa) 'yaJaJo'zyAparNAntagopavanAdeH' 6/1/126 sUtra se honevAlA hai aura 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeNiti taddhite' 7/4/1 se yaJ pratyayanimittaka vRddhi bhI honevAlI hai, to yahA~ vRddhi prakRtyAzrita hone se antaraGgakArya hai, jabaki yaJ kA lup, jas pratyayAzrita hone se bahiraGga hai, ata: antaraGga aisI vRddhi kA bAdha karake bahiraGga aisA yaJ kA lupa prathama hogA, bAda meM jit Nit pratyaya nahIM rahane se vRddhi nahIM hotI hai / isa nyAya kA jJApaka tvamau pratyayottarapade caikasmin' 2/1/11 meM pratyayottarapade kA grahaNa kiyA hai vaha hai, kyoMki syAdi pratyaya kA adhikAra hone se syAdi pratyaya ke nimitta se prathama tva aura ma Adeza hone ke bAda vibhakti kA lopa ho sakatA hai tathApi isI sUtra meM tvadIyaH, madIyaH jaise rUpoM kI siddhi karane ke lie 'pratyaya' zabda se tadvita pratyaya kA grahaNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai, ata: yaha siddha hotA hai ki 'aikArthya' 3/2/8 sUtra se prathama 'yuSmad + Gas + Iyas,' aura 'asmad + Gas + Iyas' meM sthita syAdi pratyaya kA lopa atibahiraGga hone ke kAraNa honevAlA hI hai, ataH 'tva' aura 'ma' Adeza karane ke lie 'pratyayottarapade' kA grahaNa kiyA hai| yahA~ 'yuSmad + Gas + Iyas', aura 'asmad + Gas + Iyas' meM aikArya kI vivakSA meM honevAlI antarvartinI vibhakti kA lopa aikArthyanimittaka hai, ataH vaha atIva bahiraGga hai kyoMki aikArthya prakRti-pratyaya donoM nimittaka yA ubhayapadanimittaka hotA hai, ataH yahA~ syAdi pratyaya kA lopa bahiraGga hai aisA spaSTa dikhAI detA hai, jabaki 'tva-ma' Adeza kevala vibhaktinimittaka hone se antaraGga hI hai, aura usakI siddhi syAdi ke adhikAra se hI ho sakatI hai, tathApi usake lie 'pratyayottarapade' kA grahaNa kiyA vaha isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai, ataH syAdi pratyaya kA lopa hone se akele syAdi pratyaya ke adhikAra se tva- ma Adeza nahIM hotA hai, ata: 'pratyayottarapade' kA grahaNa kiyA hai vaha saphala hai / isa nyAya kI anityatA nahIM hai| yahA~ 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM yaJ pratyaya kA lopa karane ke lie 'bahuSvastriyAm' 6/1/124 sUtra kA nirdeza kiyA hai, A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne bhI usI sUtra kA nirdeza kiyA hai kintu usake sthAna para 'yaJaJo'zyA parNAntagopavanAdeH' 6 1/126 sUtra se yaJ kA lopa hotA hai / 'bahuSvastriyAm' 6/1/124 kevala dri saMjJaka pratyaya kA lopa karatA hai, jabaki yahA~ 'ya' gotrApatya pratyaya hone se dri saMjJaka nahIM hai| 2. 'tvadIyaH' ityAdi meM prakRti-pratyayanimittaka aikArthya hai, jabaki 'matputraH' ityAdi meM padadvayanimittaka aikArthya haiN|

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127 prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 47) siddhahema meM adarzanavAcaka luk, lup aura lopa tIna zabda haiM / lopa zabda se luka aura lup donoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / usameM se luk hue pratyaya kA sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai / aura usake nimitta se honevAlA kArya bhI hotA hai jabaki lup hue pratyaya kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hotA hai aura luptapratyayanimittaka kArya bhI nahIM hotA hai / * udA. 'anato lup' 1/4/59 aura 'nAmino lugvA' 1/4/61 / ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga vAri zabda hai / usakA AmantraNa/ sambodhana meM vAri+si hotA hai taba 'nAmino lugvA' 1/4/61 se si pratyaya kA vikalpa se luk hogA / jaba luk hogA taba si pratyaya kA sthAnivadbhAva karake 'hasvasyaguNaH' 1/4/41 se i kA guNa karake 'he vAre' rUpa kI siddhi hotI hai, jaba luk nahIM hogA taba 'anato lup' 1/4/59 se si pratyaya kA lup hogA, aura usakA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hone se 'hasvasya guNaH' 1/4/41 sUtra nirdiSTa kArya bhI nahIM hogA, ataH 'he vAri' rUpa siddha hogaa| usI prakAra yahA~ bhI 'lupyayvallenat' 7/4/112 sUtra ke nirdezAnusAra 'yajJo'zyAparNAntagopavanAdeH' 6/1/126 sUtra se 'yaJ' pratyaya kA lupa hone para usake nimitta se honevAlI vRddhi bhI nahIM hogI aura 'garga+jas' rahakara 'gargAH' rUpa siddha hogaa| 'pratyottarapade' kA grahaNa isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM hai, aisI samajha dete hue anya kisI kA kahanA hai ki 'tvadIyaH, madIyaH' jaise rUpa meM 'tava mama GasA' 2/1/15 para hone se 'yuSmad+Gas' aura 'asmad+ Gas' kA tava-mama Adeza honevAlA thA, usakA bAdha karane ke lie hI 'pratyayottarapade' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai, ataH usakA jJApakatva siddha nahIM hotA hai / usakA pratyuttara dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yadi 'tava mama GasA' 2/1/15 kA bAdha karane ke lie hI 'pratyayottarapade' kA grahaNa kiyA hai, aisA mAnane para 'tvamaupratyayottarapade caikasmin' 2/1/11, 'tava mama GasA' 2/ 1/15 kA apavAda hogA aura utsarga tathA apavAda samAnaviSayaka hone se tava aura mama Adeza bhI 'manta' kA/makArAnta kA lene paDeMge aura pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM ve manta ke hI hai, ata: pUrva ke sUtra se AtI hui 'manta' zabda kI anuvRtti vyartha hogI, ataH pANinIya vyAkaraNa/paraMparAnusAra manta' zabda ko jJApaka mAnanA cAhie, kintu yahA~ siddhahema meM 'tava mama GasA' 2/1/15 utsarga nahIM kintu kevala vizeSavidhAna hI hai aura usI vizeSavidhAna se prakRti aura pratyaya, ubhaya ke sthAna para eka hI Adeza hotA hai| jabaki 'tvamau pratyayottarapade'- 2/1/11, sUtra yuSmad aura asmad ke makArAnta avayava kA anukrama se 'tva' aura 'ma' Adeza karatA hai, arthAt donoM ke kAryakSetra bhI bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH Upara batAyA usI prakAra se vastutaH 'pratyayottarapade' hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| __ yahA~ siddhahema meM 'tvam aham, yUyaM vayaM, tubhyaM mahyaM, tava, mama' ityAdi Adeza 'si, jasa De, Gas 'Adi pratyayoM ke sAtha saMpUrNa yuSmad aura asmad ke hote haiM / vahA~ pratyeka sUtra meM pratyayoM lupyvRllenat 7/4/112 sUtra kahatA hai ki pratyaya kA lup hone para luptapratyayanimittaka pUrvakArya nahIM hotA hai / udA. gomAn,yadi vaha kArya yvRt, latva yA enat sambandhita ho to hotA hai / arthAt ye tIna kArya luptapratyayanimittaka bhI hote haiM / udA. jarIgRhIti, nijAgalIti, enat pazya /

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128 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) se tRtIyA vibhakti kA 'TA' pratyaya lagAyA gayA hai, ataH prakRti aura pratyaya, ubhaya/donoM ke sthAna para ye Adeza hote haiM aura vahA~ prakRti ke makArAnta avayava ke sAtha nahIM kintu saMpUrNa prakRti ke sAtha ekAdeza lenA cAhie, kyoMki anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 paribhASA kI yahA~ pravRtti hotI hai, jabaki 'yuSmadasmado:' 2/1/6 sUtra meM antya 'da' kA 'A' karane ke lie 'SaSThyAntyasya' 7/ 4/106 paribhASA kI pravRtti hotI hai, ataH 'tva' aura 'ma' Adeza m paryanta ke hI hote haiM aisA 'mantasya' zabda se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / yaha nyAya haima vyAkaraNa ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' se pUrvakAlIna paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM jainendra va bhoja ko chor3akara kahIM prApta nahIM hai| hAlA~ki pANinIya paramparA ke pazcAtkAlIna sabhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM isa nyAya ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| // 48 // sarvebhyo lopaH // 'lopa' sarva kArya se balavAn hai / 'lopa' zabda lup aura luka donoM kA vAcaka hone para bhI lup pUrva ke nyAya meM ukta hone se, 'gobalIvarda' nyAya se yahA~ 'lopa' zabda se adarzanavAcaka aisA 'luk' kA grahaNa karanA caahie| aura 'aprayogIt' 11/37 sUtra dvArA 'eti, apagacchati iti it' isa prakAra anvarthaka saMjJA jisakI huI hai aise adarzanavAcaka 'it' kA jaise 'na vRddhizcAviti kiGallope' 4/3/11 sUtragata 'lopa' zabda meM saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, vaise, isa nyAya meM bhI 'it' saMjJaka kA saMgraha kara lenA arthAt 'kvip' ityAdi kA saMgraha isa nyAya meM ukta lopa' zabda se huA hai aisA mAna lenA arthAt isa nyAya kA artha isa prakAra hogA-lugvidhi sarvavidhi se balavAn hone se usakI pravRtti prathama hotI hai| udA. 'abuddha' prayoga meM 'dhuDDsvAlluganiTastathoH' 4/3/70 se sarvaprathama sic kA lopa ho jAne se 'gaDadabAdezcaturthAntasyaikasvarasyAdezcaturthaH sdhvozca pratyaye' 2/1/77 se Adi meM Aye hue 'ba' kA 'bha' nahIM hogA / yahA~ aisA na kahanA ki lupta 'sic' kA sthAnivadbhAva karake Adi vyaJjana ke sthAna para caturtha vyaMjana kiyA jAyegA kyoMki caturthatva kI vidhi sakArAdi pratyayaAzrita hone se varNavidhi hai aura varNavidhi karanI ho taba sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hotA hai / tathA 'zaM sukhaM tiSThati iti kvip zaMsthAH' nAmaka koI vyakti hai / yahA~ 'kvip' kA lopa huA hai / yahA~ sthA dhAtu ke 'A' kA IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/ 3/97 se dIrgha I nahIM hogA kyoMki sarvakArya karane se pahale hI kvip kA lopa ho jAyegA aura Itva vidhAyaka sUtra meM 'vyaJjana' zabda kA grahaNa sAkSAt vyaJjana kI pratipatti ke lie hI hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka - 'sastaH si' 4/3/92 sUtragata 'si' meM AyI huI saptamI kI viSayasaptamI ke rUpa meM kI gaI vyAkhyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai -: yadi isI sUtragata nimittasaptamI kA svIkAra karake vyAkhyA kI gaI hotI to vas dhAtu se adyatanI meM 'tAm' para meM Ane ke bAda 'avAttAm' ityAdi prayoga meM sic pratyaya hote hI, isa nyAya se lopavidhi balavAn hone se sarva prathama hI 'dhuDDsvAlluganiTastathoH' 4/3/70 se sic kA lopa ho jAne se 'sastaH si' 4/3/92 se s

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 48) kA t nahIM hogA, tathA lupta sic kA sthAnivadbhAva karake s kA t karanA saMbhava zakya nahIM hai kyoMki 'sastaH si' 4/3/92 dvArA icchita 'ta' vidhi kA nimitta sakArAdipratyaya hai aura vaha sakAra rUpa varNAzrita hone se varNavidhi hai tathA varNavidhi meM sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra sthAnivadbhAva kI aprApti kI AzaMkA se AcAryazrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne yahA~ 'si' meM viyayasaptamI kI vyAkhyA kI hai| ataH vas dhAtu se adyatanI kA tAm pratyaya Ate hI 'sic' ke viSaya meM prathama 'santa: si' 4/3/92 se s kA t karane ke bAda hI sic AyegA aura usakA turaMta hI luk hogaa| bAda meM sic kA sthAnivadbhAva karake 'vyaJjanAnAmaniTi' 4/3/45 se vRddhi hokara avAttAm' rUpa siddha hogA / yahA~ aisA na kahanA ki pUrva kI taraha yahA~ sic kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA, kyoMki yahA~ 'sic' viziSTa varNa samudAyasvarUpa hone se usameM varNarUpatva kA abhAva hai, ataH tadAzrita vidhi bhI varNavidhi nahIM kahI jA sakegI / ataH sic kA sthAnivadbhAva ni:saMkoca ho sakegA / yadi isa nyAya meM lopa zabda se lup kA bhI grahaNa kiyA jAya to pUrva ke nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai / kintu, pUrvAcAryoM ne isa nyAya ko bhinna batAyA hai, ataH hamane bhI yahA~ aisA kiyA hai| yaha nyAya anitya/nirbala hai kyoMki agalA nyAya usako bAdhita karatA hai| pUrva nyAya meM lup ko antaraGga kArya se balavAn batAyA hai| jabaki yahA~ lopa ko sarva kArya se balavAn batAyA hai aura Upara batAyA usI prakAra lopa zabda se luka aura lup donoM kA grahaNa hotA hai, ata: uparyukta nyAya kA isa nyAya meM samAveza ho sakatA hai. tathApi AcAryazrI ne ise pRthaka batAvA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa ? 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke kartA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne eka samAdhAna yaha diyA hai ki yahA~ lopa zabda luka aura lup donoM kA vAcaka hone para bhI luk svarUpa lopa kA grahaNa karanA kyoMki lup pUrva meM ukta hai| isake bAre meM ve likhate haiM ki 'iha ca nyAye lopa zabdena yadi luvapi vyAkhyAyate tadA pUrva nyAyaM vinApi sarati paraM pUrvAcAryerasau pRthagukta ityato'trApi tathaivoce / ' kintu yaha samAdhAna apUrNa lagatA hai kyoMki kalikAlasarvajJa jaise mahAmedhAvI puruSa isa prakAra eka bhI nyAya adhika deM aisA nahIM ho sakatA hai / adhika sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki 'lubantaraGlebhyaH' // 47 // nyAya pRthaka kahA vaha ucita hI hai kyoMki 'lubantaraGgebhyaH' // 47 / / nyAya meM spaSTatA kI gaI hai, usI prakAra usa paribhASA meM bahiraGga aisA lup lenA cAhie aura vaha antaraGga kArya se hamezAM balavAn rahatA hai kyoMki yaha nyAya nitya hai aisA 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke kartA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke vacana 'asthAmatA tvasya nAvalokyate' se lagatA hai / isa nyAya ko 'sarvebhyo lopa:' // 48 // meM samAviSTa karane para 'sarvebhyo lopaH' // 48 // ke sAtha sAtha vaha bhI anitya bana jAyegA, kyoMki agalA nyAya 'lopAt svarAdezaH' // 49 // nyAya, isa nyAya ko anitya banAtA hai| dUsarA yahA~ donoM nyAya meM lopa zabda se luk hI grahaNa karanA cAhie, yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki AcAryazrI ko yadi luk hI lenA hotA to 'sarvebhyo luk' / aura 'lukaH svarAdezaH / / ' ke svarUpa meM nyAya racanA kI gaI hotI to cala sakatA thA kintu vaisA na karake lopa zabda rakhA

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130 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) usase jJAta hotA hai ki ina donoM nyAya meM luka aura lub donoM lene haiM kevala jahA~ luk bahiraGga ho aura anya kArya antaraGga ho vahA~ hI 'lubantaraGgebhyaH' // 47 // nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai kintu jahA~ lupa aura anya kArya donoM antaraGga yA bahiraGga ho vahA~ 'sarvebhyo lopaH' // 48 // nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai aura aisI paristhiti meM 'lopAtsvarAdezaH' // 49 // nyAya usakA bAdhaka bana sakatA hai anyathA nhiiN| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko bhI yahA~ lopa zabda se luk aura lup donoM kA grahaNa iSTa hai / unhoneM to isake sAtha it' saMjJA se honevAle lopa kA bhI yahA~ grahaNa kiyA hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bhI use bhinna paddhati se grahaNa kiyA hai| pANinIya paraMparA meM prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne isa nyAya ko jJApakasiddha mAnA hai kintu nAgeza ityAdi ne bhASya meM anukta hone se jJApakasiddha nahIM mAnA hai| haima ke pUrvavartI jainendra va cAndra paribhASAsaMgraha meM isa nyAya ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai jabaki pANinIya paraMparA ke zeSAdrinAtha sudhI kI paribhASAvRtti meM bhI yaha nyAya upalabdha nahIM hai| // 49 // lopAtsvarAdezaH // 'lopa' se svara kA Adeza balavAn hotA hai / isa nyAya meM 'balavAn' zabda jor3a denA aura isa prakAra agale sAta nyAya meM bhI 'balavAn' zabda joDanA / yahA~ bhI 'lopa' zabda se luk grahaNa karanA kyoMki yaha nyAya pUrvanyAya kA apavAda hai| sarva kArya se lopa (luk) balavAn hone para bhI, jahA~ svara kA Adeza karanA ho vahA~, lopa se svara kA Adeza balavAn ho jAtA hai| udA. 'zrI devatA asya' meM 'devatA' 6/2/101 se aNa hogA / yahA~ aN Nit hone se 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeNiti taddhite' 7/4/1 se vRddhi hone kI saMbhAvanA hai, kintu 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 sUtra para hone se, usase 'I' kA luk hogA kintu yaha nyAya 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 sUtra kA bAdha karegA aura 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeNiti taddhite' 7/4/1 sUtra se svara ke Adeza rUpa vRddhi hokara 'zrAyaM havi:' prayoga siddha hogA / ___ vRddhiH svareSvAdeH' /7/4/1 se honevAlI vRddhi kA, 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 se pUrvavidhAna kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'zrAyaM' ityAdi prayoga kI siddhi ke lie prathama 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 sUtra kA vidhAna kiyA hotA / aura bAda meM vRddhiH svareSvAde:- '7/4/1 sUtra kA vidhAna kiyA hotA, ataH paratva ke kAraNa vRddhi hI prathama hogI kintu aisA nahIM kiyA hai vaha isa nyAya ke Azaya se hI / isa nyAya kA anityatva 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH / ' nyAya meM kahA jaayegaa| 1. pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM lup aura luk samAnaviSayaka hai| jahA~ sthAnivadbhAva kI AvazyakatA na ho vahA~ lopa kiyA jAtA hai|

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.50) 131 isa nyAya kI anityatA isa prakAra hai-: yadyapi yaha nyAya nitya hone para bhI jahA~ aniSTarUpasiddhi hotI ho vahA~ yA ziSTapuruSaprayukta rUpa se bhinna rUpa hotA ho vahA~ usI rUpa/prayoga zAstra ke niyama aura nyAya ke anusAra sAdhu/sahI hone para bhI asAdhu/anucita mAnA jAtA hai / udA. 'cikIrNyate' meM 'sannanta' kR dhAtu hai aura usakA karmaNi -vartamAnA anyadartha meM prayukta yaha rUpa hai| yahA~ 'cikIrSa' ko 'kyaH ziti' 3/4/70 se kya hogA arthAt, 'cikIrSa + kya + te' hogA / yahA~ ekasAtha 'dIrghazcviyaGyakkyeSu ca' 4/3/108 se svara ke Adeza svarUpa 'Sa' ke 'a' kA dIrgha hone kI prApti hai, aura 'ataH' 4/3/82 se Sa ke a kA lopa hone kI bhI prApti hai| yahA~ 'sparddha' 7/4/119 aura 'lopAtsvarAdezaH // 49 // nyAya-donoM se dIrgha hI ho sakatA hai tathApi dIrgha na karake 'ataH' 4/3/82 se 'a' kA lopa kiyA hai kyoMki ziSTapuruSoM ne a kA lopa hI kiyA hai aura vahI iSTa hai| isa nyAya ke jJApaka vRddhiH svareSvAdeH-' 7/4/1 ke prAk pATha ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'sparddha' 7/4/119 sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM batAyA hai usI prakAra 'para' zabda iSTavAcI lenA aura usI prakAra se artha karane para jahA~ tulyabalayukta sUtro kI spardhA ho vahA~ jo iSTa ho vahI hotA hai / arthAt vahI iSTa pUrva hone para bhI para sUtra kA bAdha karatA hai aura isa prakAra mahAbhASya meM bhI batAyA hai, ata: jahA~ jahA~ aisI paristhiti ho vahA~ vahA~ Upara batAyA usI prakAra artha karanA / yadyapi pANinIya taMtra meM vRddhisUtra hI para hai aura lopasUtra pUrva hai, ataH vahA~ isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / tathA zAkaTAyana, cAndra va jainendra paribhASAvRtti meM yaha nyAya prApta nahIM hai, zAyada vahA~ bhI paratva se hI nirvAha ho sakatA hogaa| // 50 // AdezAdAgamaH // Adeza se Agama balavAn hai / udA. arpayati prayoga meM 'R' dhAtu se 'Ni' para meM Ane para 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 sUtra se honevAlI vRddhi kA bAdha karake prathama 'ati-rI-vlI hI-....... puH' 4/2/21 se pu Agama hogaa| bAda meM 'puspau'- 4/3/3 sUtra se guNa hogA aura arpayati' prayoga siddha hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApaka aise prayogoM ke lie anya koI prayatna nahIM kiyA hai vaha hai aura yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'dvayoH kulayoH' prayoga meM kula zabda ke vizeSaNa rUpa napuMsakaliMga 'dvi' zabda se 'anAmasvare no'ntaH' 1/4/64 se na kA Agama nahIM huA hai kintu 'AdveraH' 2/1/41 se antya i kA svara rUpa Adeza 'a' huA / yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'anAmasvare no'ntaH' 1/ 4/64 sUtra ke nyAsa meM kahA hai ki 'AdveraH' 1/4/41 sUtra para hai aura atvavidhi antaraGga hai ata: vaha na Agama kA bAdha karake prathama pravRtta hogA / to isa nyAya kI anityatA ke udAharaNa svarUpa yaha 'dvayoH kulayoH' prayoga kaise ucita mAnA jAya ? ApakI bAta satya hai kintu yadi yaha nyAya nitya/balavAn hotA to paratva aura antaraGgatva hone para bhI usakA bhI bAdha karake 'na' Agama hI hotA kyoMki yaha nyAya vizeSa vidhi rUpa hI hai kintu aisA nahIM huA hai, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ke

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132 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) kAraNa se hI / 'AdezAdAgamaH' // 50 // aura 'AgamAtsarvAdezaH' // 51 // donoM nyAya svataMtra haiM / ve anya kisI nyAya ke kArya meM binA kucha vikSepa kiye apanA kArya karate haiM / Adeza se Agama balavAn hotA hai kintu jahA~ samagra/saMpUrNa prakRti kA Adeza karanA ho vahA~ Agama se Adeza balavAna hotA hai| 'R' dhAtu kA Ni para meM Ane ke bAda 'nAmino'kalihale:' 4/3/51 sUtra se vRddhi kI prApti hai aura 'ati-rI-blI hI....puH' 4/2/21 se pu Agama hone kI prApti hai / yahA~ 'R' eka hI svararUpa dhAtu hone se saMpUrNa ke sthAna para vRddhi rUpa Adeza honevAlA hai| ataH 'AgamAtsarvAdeza:'se pu Agama kA bAdha ho sakatA hai| kintu yahA~ vRddhi antyasvara kI karanI hai aura Adyantavadekasmin' nyAya se vahI R ko antya svara mAnakara vRddhirUpa Adeza hogA ataH vaha saMpUrNa 'R' svarUpa prakRti ke sthAna meM huA nahIM mAnA jAyegA / ataH 'AgamAt sarvAdezaH' // 51 // nyAya kI yahA~ prApti hI nahIM hai kintu pUrva ke nyAya 'AdezAdAgamaH // 50 // se R kI vRddhi hone ke bajAya 'ati-rI-vnI hI.... puH' 4/2/21 se pu kA Agama hogA bAda meM 'puspau' 4/3/3 se guNa rUpa Adeza hogA / kucheka navIna vaiyAkaraNa ke mata meM pu Agama nitya hai kintu AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne pUrna se calI AtI praNAlikAnusAra AgamazAstra ko anitya mAnakara pu Agama ko bhI anitya mAnA hai, ata eva 'AdezAdAgamaH' // 50 // nyAya unhoMne rakhA hai / navIna vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM pu Agama nitya hone se isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yaha nyAya vAcanika hai, ata: isakA koI jJApaka nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne aina vAcanika nyAyoM meM jJApaka nahIM milane se iSTa rUpa kI siddhi karane ke lie yA aniSTa rUpa na ho, usake lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA aisA batAyA hai aura use hI jJApaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai ! __AdezAdAgamaH' // 50 // nyAya kA kSetra maryAdita hai tathApi baha anitya hai kyoMki 'AgamAtsarvAdeza:' // 51 // usakA apavAda hai tathA ( taduparAMta) sarvAdeza na ho aise sthAnoM meM bhI yaha nyAya anitya hai / udA. 'dvayoH kulayoH' / pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM yaha nyAya nahIM pAyA jAtA hai kyoMki vahA~ paratva ityAdi se vyavasthA kI gaI hai / yadyapi AgamazAstra anitya hai, aisA pratyeka paribhASA-grantha meM svIkRta hai tathApi pANinIya paraMparA meM 'puk' Agama ko nitya mAnA hai, ata: yaha nyAya 'pu' Agama kI durbalatA ke lie samartha nahIM hai aura isa nyAya kA Azraya nahIM karane se 'dvayoH kulayo:' kI siddhi bhI saralatA se ho skegii| // 51 // AgamAtsarvAdezaH / / Agaga se sarvAdeza balavAn hai / 'AdezAdAgamaH' // 50 // nyAya kA yaha apavAda hai / Agama se bhI saMpUrNa/pUrI prakRti kA azA balavAn hotA hai / udA. priyatisRNa: kulAt; isa udAharaNa meM priyatisR zabda, kula zabda kA

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 51) 133 vizeSaNa hai / aura priyatisR zabda kA vigraha-vAkya isa prakAra hai / - : 'priyAH tisro yasmin ( yasya ) tat priyatisa kulam' 'priyatri' zabda meM 'tri' kA 'tisa' Adeza, 'na' kA Agama hone se pahale hI hogA, bAda meM 'na' kA Agama hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'Rto ra: svare'ni' 2/1/2 satra meM tistra ityAdi rUpa meM 'R' kA 'ra' karane se sambandhita vidhi sUtra meM 'ani' zabda se nakAra viSaya kA varjana kiyA hai. usase hotA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to svarAdi syAdi pratyaya para meM hone se pUrvanyAya se 'na' kA Agama hI hotA aura to, kauna se R kI ratvavidhi meM nakAra viSaya kA varjana kareM ? tathApi 'ani' zabda se nakAra ke viSaya kA varjana kiyA, usase jJAta hotA hai ki isa nyAya se prathama tisR Adeza hone ke bAda hI 'na' kA Agama hogaa| yahA~ kisIko zaMkA hotI hai ki 'na' ke Agama ko chor3akara 'priyatisRNAm' meM 'Am' kA 'nAm' Adeza honevAlA ho tabhI ratva kA niSedha karane ke lie 'ani' kahA gayA hai| kintu vaha satya nahIM hai kyoMki kevala 'nAm' ke lie hI nakAra viSaya kA varjana karanA hotA to 'anAmi' isa prakAra asaMdigdha rIti se kahA hotA kintu 'ani' isa prakAra sAmAnyatayA kahA gayA, vaha 'na' Agama viSaya kA varjana karane ke lie hI kahA gayA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA nahIM mAlUma detI hai / isake bAda AnevAle nyAya 'parAnnityam' // 52 // kI bhI anityatA nahIM hai| isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM aisI zaMkA upasthita karate haiM ki 'no'nta' (Agama) se tisR Adeza para hai, ata: tisR Adeza hI prathama honevAlA hai, to yahA~ isa nyAya kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? isI zaMkA kA samAdhAna dete hue ve kahate haiM ki Apa kI zaMkA ucita nahIM hai, vastutaH tisR Adeza hone ke bAda bhI 'na' kA Agama to honevAlA hI hai arthAt 'na' Agama nitya hai aura 'parAnnityam' nyAya se 'na' Agama hI prathama hone kI prApti hai, usako isa nyAya se dUra kiyA jAtA hai| __'Rto ra: svare'ni' 2/1/2 sUtragata 'ani' ke jJApakatva sambandhita vicAra karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to svarAdi syAdi pratyaya para meM hone se prathama hI 'na' Agama ho jAne se 'na' Agama rUpa vyavadhAna ke kAraNa tisR Adeza nahIM hogA to kisa ke R kA 'na' para meM Ane se ratva karane kA niSedha kareM ? yahA~ kisIko zaMkA hotI hai ki Agama kisa taraha vyavadhAna ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki 'AgamA yadguNIbhUtAstadgrahaNena gRhyate // ' nyAya se Agama svAGga banatA hai aura 'svAGgamavyavadhAyi // ' nyAya se Agama vyavadhAnarUpa banatA nahIM hai, to yahA~ 'na' Agama vyavadhAna kisa taraha bana sakatA hai| isakA samAdhAna dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM kahate haiM ki jisa zabda se 'na' Agama hotA hai usI zabda sambandhita kArya jaba karanA ho taba yaha nyAya upasthita hotA hai jabaki yahA~ 'na' Agama 'priyatri' zabda se hotA hai aura tisR AdezarUpa kArya 'tri' rUpa avayava kA hai, ataH usakI apekSA

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134 se 'na' Agama svAGga banatA nahIM hai ata eva 'na' Agama vyavadhAnarUpa hotA hI hai / yaha nyAya aura isakA pUrvavartI nyAya 'AdezAdAgamaH ' // 50 // jainendra, zAkaTAyana, cAndra paramparA meM prApta nahIM hai tathA pANinIya paramparA meM sarvatra paratva ityAdi se vyavasthA kI gaI hone se vahA~ bhI isa nyAya kA koI prayojana nahIM hai / // 52 // parAnnityam // nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) para kArya se nityakArya balavAn hai / 'sparddha' 7/4/119 paribhASA kA apavAda svarUpa yaha nyAya hai / 'sparddha' 7/4/119 kahatA hai ki jahA~ ekasAtha do bhinna-bhinna sUtroM se honevAle do bhinna bhinna kArya prApta ho taba unhIM do sUtroM meM se jo sUtra para ho usI sUtra se honevAlA kArya balavAn banatA hai aura prathama vahI kArya hotA hai / jabaki yaha nyAya kahatA hai ki jaba ekasAtha do bhinna-bhinna sUtroM se honevAle do bhinnabhinna kAryoM kI prApti hoM taba yadi pUrvasUtra se honevAlA kArya nitya ho to vahI nitya kArya para sUtra se honevAle kArya kA bAdha karatA hai / udA. 'yuSmAn asmAn vA AcakSANena yuSyA asyA / ' yahA~ yuSmad aura asmad se Nic hogA taba 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se 'ad' kA lopa hogA aura kvip hote hI usakA lopa hogA / 'NeraniTi' 4/3/83 se Nic kA lopa hogA aura TA pratyaya hone para 'yuSm + A' aura 'asm + A' hogA / taba 'tvamau pratyayottarapade caikasmin 2/1/11 se 'tva aura 'ma' Adeza hone kI prApti hai tathA 'TAyosi ya:' 2/1/7 se 'm' kA 'ya' hone kI prApti hai / ina donoM kAryoM meM 'tva' aura 'ma' Adeza para haiM jabaki yatvavidhi pUrva hone para bhI nitya hai kyoMki prathama tva-ma Adeza kareMge to bhI 'TAyosi ya: ' 2/1/7 se 'tva' aura 'ma' ke 'a' kA 'y' Adeza hogA / ataH ina prayogoM meM 'yuSm' aura 'asm' ke 'm' kA, 'yuSm-asm' kA 'tva - ma' Adeza karane se pUrva 'TAGyosi ya:' 2/1/7 se ya ho jAyegA / isa nyAya kA jJApana isa prakAra hotA hai / 'mA bhavAnaTantaM prayukta iti mA bhavAnaTiTad' ityAdi prayoga meM nitya aise dhAtu ke dvitva kA bAdha karake anitya aisI hrasvavidhi 'upAntyasyAsamAnalopizAsvRdito De' 4 / 2 / 35 se prathama hogI usakA jJApana karane ke lie 'oN' dhAtu ko 'Rdit' kiyA hai / yadi dvitva nitya hone se 'svarAderdvitIya: ' 4 / 1/4 se dvitIya aMza kA dvitva honevAlA hI hotA to, 'o' upAntya nahIM hone se hrasva hone kI prApti hI nahIM hai to hUsvavidhi kI nivRtti ke lie 'o' dhAtu ko Rdit karane kI kyA AvazyakatA ? arthAt koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai tathApi Rdita kiyA hai, usase jJApana hotA hai ki para kArya se nitya kArya balavAn hone se hrasvavidhi se pUrva hI dvitvavidhi ho jAyegI, kintu yahA~ hrasvavidhi anitya hone para bhI prathama hotI hai, usakA jJApana

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 52) 135 karane ke lie 'oNa' dhAtu ko Rdit kiyA hai| ataH 'mA bhavAnoNiNad' ityAdi prayoga meM dvitva se pUrva hI isvavidhi kA niSedha hogaa| jabaki 'mA bhavAnaTantaM prayukta iti mA bhavAnaTiTad' prayoga meM prathama husva hogA bAda meM dvitva hogA aura vaha prayoga siddha hogA / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to isa prakAra husvavidhi prathama hotI hai usakA jJApana karane ke lie oNa dhAtu ko AcAryazrI ne Rdita na kiyA hotA kyoMki isvavidhi para hai aura dvitvavidhi pUrva hai / ataH paratva se hI kAma cala sakatA thaa| tathApi kevala isa nyAya kI apekSA se para kArya se nityakArya balavAn banatA hai aura vahI nitya kAryarUpa dvitva hI prathama hogA, kintu anitya aisA upAntya husva prathama nahIM hogA, to 'mA bhavAnaTiTad' jaise prayoga siddha nahIM ho sakeMge / aisI AzaMkA se hI aise prayogoM kI siddhi ke lie husvavidhi prathama hogI usakA jJApana karane ke lie AcAryazrI ne 'oNa' dhAtu ko Rdit kiyA hai| isa nyAya kA udAharaNa jo batAyA gayA hai vahI ucita nahIM hai / yahA~ 'yuSyA' aura 'asyA' kI siddhi isa prakAra batAyI gaI hai / 'yuSmAn asmAn vA AcakSANena' vigraha karane para 'yuSmad + Nic + kvip + TA' aura 'asmad + Nic + kvip + TA' hogA / yahA~ Nic para meM hone se 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se yuSmad aura asmad ke antya 'ad' kA lopa hogA aura 'aprayogIt' 1/1/37 se kvip kA lopa hogA bAda meM 'NeraniTi' 4/3/83 se Nic kA lopa hotA hai, ataH 'yuSm + TA 'aura 'asma+TA' rahegA / yahA~ zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'TA' pratyaya ke kAraNa se yuSma aura asm kA 'tvamau pratyayottarapade caikasmin' 2/1/11 se 'tva-ma' Adeza hone kI prApti hai aura 'TAyosi yaH' 2/1/7 se 'ya' hogA / ata: sarvaprathama 'ya' hI hogA kintu 'tva-ma' Adeza nahIM hoNge| yaha bAta nitAMta anucita hai| yahA~ yuSmad aura asmad ke m paryanta ke avayava kA Adeza tabhI hI hotA hai, jaba mUla-vigraha vAkya meM hI yuSmad aura asmad ekavacana meM hoM, taba / yaha bAta siddhahemabRhadvRtti aura usake udAharaNa meM spaSTa rUpa se batAyI hai / yahA~ vigrahavAkya meM 'yuSmAnasmAn hai arthAt vaha bahutvaviziSTa hai, ataH usakA 'tva-ma' Adeza hone kI prApti hI nahIM hai, ataH yahA~ kisI bhI parazAstra kI prApti nahIM hai, ataH 'm' kA 'ya' Adeza svataH siddha hai| saMkSepa meM, yaha udAharaNa isa nyAya ke lie ucita nahIM hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI bhI aisA mAnate haiM / 'dIvyati' udAharaNa isa nyAya ke lie ucita hai / yahA~ divAdi ke div dhAtu se vartamAnA kA anyadarthe ekavacana kA pratyaya tiv AyegA / use 'etAH zitaH' 3/3/10 se zit saMjJA hogii| aba yahA~ 'laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 se guNa hone kI prApti hai aura 'divAdeH zyaH' 3/4/72 se 'zya' hone kI prApti hai| 'zya' nitya hai / jabaki 'laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 se honevAlA guNa para hai, usakA bAdha karake nityazAstra hI pravRtta hogA / div + ya + ti hogA / aba 'zidavit' 4/3/20 se zyaH Gidvad hone se guNa nahIM hogA, vaha isa nyAya kA sAphalya hai, aura bAda meM 'bhvAdernAmino dI?rvorvyaJjane' 2/1/63 se div kA i dIrgha hogA aura dIvyati rUpa siddha hogaa| isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne oNa dhAtu ke RditkaraNa ko batAyA hai|

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136 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa usake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya ke binA oNa dhAtu kA RditkaraNa vyartha ho taba hI vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka bana sakatA hai kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai| mAna liyA jAya ki abhI yaha nyAya nahIM hai, ataH 'svarAderdvitIya: ' 4/1/4 se honevAlA dvitva se 'upAntyasyA'samAnalopi zAsvRdito De' 4 / 2 / 35 se honevAlA hUsva para hone se prathama vahI hone kI prApti hai| ataH usakA nivAraNa karane ke lie 'oNa' dhAtu ko RTita kiyA hai| isa prakAra vaha sArthaka hai ataH usase isa nyAya kA jJApana nahIM ho sakatA hai| aura yaha nyAya hone para bhI ' bhA bhavAnaTiTad' meM upAntyahasvavidhAna para hone se, vaha dvitva kA bAdha karegA hI, aura isI prayoga kI bhI siddhi ho jAtI hai, ataH isa nyAya ke jJApana kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / aura upAntya kA hrasva, vaha Ga paraka Ni para meM Ane se hotA hai, ataH use bahiraGga mAnA jAya aura dvitva kevala Ganimittaka hone se use antaraGga mAnA jAya to dvitva karate samaya jo prathama huA hai vaha upAntyasva asiddha hogA, to 'oNa' dhAtu ko Rdit kiyA hai vaha vyartha hogA tathApi 'parAnnityam' nyAya kA kisI bhI prakAra se jJApana kara sakatA nahIM hai| isa prakAra se kevala itanA hI jJApana ho sakatA hai ki bahiraGga aisA upAnyahrasva, antaraGga aise, dvitva ke pUrva hI hotA hai aura kevala itane se 'mA bhavAnaTid' kI bhI siddhi ho sakatI hai / ina saba bAtoM se itanA hI siddha ho sakatA hai ki yaha nyAya jJApakasiddha nahIM hai / 'mA bhavAnaTantaM prayukta' meM 'mAGa' kA yoga hone se 'prAyukta' ke sthAna para 'prayukta' rakhA hai / yahA~ udAharaNa meM 'mA' aura 'bhavAn' kyoM rakhA gayA hai isakI spaSTatA karate hue nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yadi yahA~ mAG kA prayoga na kiyA hotA to 'svarAdestAsu' 4/4/31 se Adya svara 'a' kI vRddhi hogI to upAntya hrasva karane ke bAda vRddhi kI gayI hai yA upAntyahasva kiye binA hI akAra kI vRddhi kI gaI hai, vaha mAlUma nahIM hogA / ataH vRddhi ko dUra karane ke lie mAG kA prayoga kiyA hai / vaisA karane ke bAda bhI mAG ke A ke sAtha aTiTad ke a kI sandhi hone ke bAda, mAlUma nahIM detA ki upAntya hrasva karane ke bAda hue a ke sAtha sandhi huI hai yA upAntya hrasva kiye binA A ke sAtha sandhi huI hai / ataH mAG aura aTiTad ke bIca bhavAn pada rakhA hai aura usI prakAra 'mA bhavAnoNiNad' meM jAna lenA / yaha nyAya pANinIya paramparA meM kevala zeSAdrinAtha aura nAgeza ne diyA hai aura haima ke pUrvavartI bhAvamizrakRta kAtantra paribhASAvRtti, kAlApaparibhASApATha va jainendraparibhASAvRtti meM hai / // 53 // nityAdantaraGgam // nitya kArya se bhI antaraGga kArya balavAn hai / 1. 'anityamapi' zabda yahA~ adhyAhAra hai arthAt anitya ho aisA antaraGga kArya nitya kArya se yahA~ nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne diye hue pratIkAtmaka, isa nyAya kI vRtti ke zabda meM 'mA bhavAnaTantam prayukta' diyA hai aura usIke anusAra yahA~ samajha dI gaI haiN| jaba ki mUlanyAyavRtti meM 'prAyukta 'hai| 'prAyukta' meM zAyada lekhaka kA lekha doSa ho sakatA hai yA to mudraNadoSa bhI ho sakatA hai / 4

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 53) bhI balavAn hai / udA. prejuH propuH / yahA~ yaj aura vap dhAtu se parokSA kA anyadarthe bahuvacana kA us pratyaya huA hai / ve hI yaj aura vap dhAtu pra upasarga ke sAtha haiM, ata: 'pra+yaj+ us' aura 'pra+vapa +us' / yahA~ 'vRd yvRdAzrayaM ca // ' nyAya se yaj aura vay dhAtu ke ya aura va kA 'yajAdi vace: kiti' 4/1/79 se yvRt hogA aura bAda meM dvirdhAtuH parokSA De.....' 4/1/1 se dvitva hogaa| ata: 'pra+i+ij+ us' aura 'pra+u+ up+us' hogA / yahA~ etva aura otva padadvayApekSita hai ataH vaha bahiraGga hai kintu nitya hai jabaki 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi antaraGga hai kintu vaha anitya hai ataH, balavan nityamanityAt' // 41 // se prathama etva, otva hone kI prApti hai kintu yaha nyAya hone se anitya aise antaraGga kAryasvarUpa dIrdhavidhi hI prathama hogI bAda meM etva otva hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'AzI:' 3/3/13 sUtragata 'AzI:' zabda hai / mUla zabda Azis hai| yahA~ 'dIrghaDyAbvyaJjanAtseH' 1/4/45 se si pratyaya kA lopa hogA aura 'so ruH' 2/1/72 se s kA ru hogA aura usI ru kA visarga hone kI aura pUrva kA, I dIrgha hone kI prApti hai, kintu yaha nyAya hone se nitya aise visarga kA bAdha karake pUrvavyavasthita hone se antaraGga aisI dIrghavidhi prathama hogI, bAda meM visarga hogA / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to pUrva nyAya se visarga hI prathama hotA, aura bAda meM repha kA abhAva hone se dIrghavidhi na hotI to 'AzI:' isa prakAra kA nirdeza asaMbhava hI hotA / yaha nyAya nitya nahIM hai kyoMki agalA nyAya isa nyAya kA bAdha karatA hai| yahA~ 'AzI:' jJApaka meM dIrghavidhi antaraGga mAnI hai aura visargavidhi bahiraGga mAnI hai| dIrghavidhi pUrva vyavasthita hone se antaraGga hai, aisA kahA kintu sthAnI, nimitta ityAdi dvArA dIrghavidhi bahiraGga hai aura visargavidhi antaraGga hai kyoMki dIrghavidhi meM sthAnI i hai aura nimitta padAntatva hI hai| ataH isa nyAya kA yahA~ para nirdeza yuktisaMgata lagatA nahIM hai| isakA pratyuttara dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantarar3e' nyAya kI vyAkhyA ke samaya adhikApekSatva se jo bahiraGga hai vaha bahiraGga nahIM kahA jAtA hai, yaha siddha kiyA hI hai| ataH yahA~ jisa prakAra se antaraGgatva aura bahiraGgatva grahaNa kiyA hai vaha sahI hai| vastutaH 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' aura 'antaraDaM bahiraGgAt' ina donoM nyAya se bahiraGga se antaraGga kA prAbalya batA diyA hai aura vahI nyAya bhI nitya se antaraGga balavAn hotA hai nyAya ke bIjasvarUpa hai, ataH yahA~ jJApaka kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA mAnanA hai / kintu isa nyAya meM bahiraGgatva gauNa hai, jabaki nityatva mukhya hai / pUrva nyAya se nitya kArya balavAn ho jAtA hone se isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA hai tathA usakA jJApaka 'AzI:' prayoga batAyA vaha ucita hI hai / 'AzI:' meM dIrghavidhi para hai kintu anitya hai jabaki visargavidhi pUrva hai kintu nitya hai, ataH 'parAnityam' nyAya se prathama visarga hone kI prApti hai aura visarga hone ke bAda repha

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138 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) ke abhAva meM dIrghavidhi nahIM hogI to 'AzI:' prayoga nahIM ho sakegA tathApi zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne 'AzI: kyAt...sImahi' 3/3/12 meM 'AzI:' prayoga kiyA use isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnanA ucita hai| yaha nyAya bhI kisI na kisI prakAra se sabhI vyAkaraNa paramparA meM mAnya hai| // 54 // antaraGgAccAnavakAzam // antaraGga kArya se bhI anavakAza kArya balavAn hai / 'bahiraGgamapi' yahA~ adhyAhAra hai arthAt antaraGga kArya se bhI anavakAza/niravakAza kArya bahiraGga hone para bhI vaha balavAn ginA jAtA hai| udA.. 'tvam, aham' / 'yuSmad +si' aura 'asmad +si' meM 'tvamau pratyayottarapade caikasmin' 2/1/11 se yuSmad aura asmad ke m paryanta avayava kA anukrama se tva aura ma Adeza hone kI prApti hai kintu vahI Adeza hone para 'tvamahaM sinA prAka cAkaH' 2/1/12 anavakAza/niSphala ho jaayegaa| jabaki 'tvamau pratyottarapade caikasmin 2/1/11 isase bhinna sthala para bhI pravRtta honevAlA hai, ataH vaha caritArtha hai aura sAvakAza hai| isI paristhiti meM 'tvamahaM sinA prAka cAkaH' 2/1/ 12, 'tvamau pratyayottarapade caikasmin' 2/1/11 kA bAdha karatA hai / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'tvamahaM sinA prAk cAkaH' 2/1/12 sUtra hI hai, kyoMki yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to yuSmad aura asmad ke ma paryanta avayava kA tva-ma Adeza antaraGga hone se hotA hI aura, to yaha sUtra vyartha bana pAtA, ataH isI sUtrakaraNa kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, ata eva isI sUtrakaraNa vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| yaha nyAya nitya hai| pANinIya vaiyAkaraNoM ke matAnusAra niravakAza aura apavAda donoM eka hI haiM / tathApi yahA~ aisA na karake tva aura ma prakRti ke eka aMza kA Adeza mAnakara antaraGga kahA hai aura tvaM tathA ahaM ko prakRti-pratyaya, ubhayasthAnaniSpanna Adeza mAnakara niravakAza aisA bahiraGga kahA hai| pANinIya taMtra meM paribhASenduzekhara meM 'antaraGgAdapyapavAdo balIyAn' nyAya 'yena nAprApte' - nyAya se bhinna batAyA hai to kahIM pUrva ke antaraGgAd'-nyAya meM hI isa nyAya ko samAviSTa kara diyA * hai / aura vahA~ 'yena nA'prApte-' nyAya ko usake bIjasvarUpa batAyA hai / saMkSepa meM, donoM nyAya kI vyAkhyA sAtha hI prApta hotI hai| siddhahema kI paramparA meM yena nA'prApte-'nyAya evakAra sahita hai jabaki pANinIya taMtra meM vaha evakAra rahita hai / ataH siddhahema meM usake dvArA bAdhyavizeSa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jabaki pANinIya taMtra meM vahI nyAya dvArA bAdhya-sAmAnya aura bAdhya - vizeSa donoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / ataH siddhahema meM 'utsargAdapavAdaH' nyAya ko 'yena nA'prApte-' nyAya se bhinna batAyA hai| aura vahI Avazyaka bhI hai| usI hI prakAra se siddhahema meM 'antaraGgAccAnavakAzam' nyAya

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 55) 139 bhI jarUrI hai| jabaki pANinIya paraMparA meM apavAda meM hI anavakAza kA samAveza kara diyA hai| siddhahema meM usI prakAra apavAda meM anavakAza kA samAveza karanA saMbhava hai, tathApi donoM meM sUkSma pharka hai usakA jJApana karane ke lie bhinna bhinna batAye haiM aura vahI ucita hI hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiN| // 55 // utsargAdapavAdaH // utsarga se apavAda balavAn hotA hai / udA. 'Apacanti asmin iti ApAkaH' / yahA~ 'puMnAmni ghaH' 5/3/130 se honevAle gha kA apavAda 'vyaJjanAd ghaJ' 5/3/132 se honevAlA ghaJ pratyaya hI hogA kintu autsargika 'gha' patyaya nahIM hogaa| isake jJApaka ke rUpa meM gocara-saJcara-vaha-vraja-vyaja -khalApaNa-nigama-baka-bhaga-kaSAkaSanikaSam' 5/3/131 se gocara - ityAdi zabdoM ke nipAtana ko batAyA gayA hai| yadi ina zabdoM kA gha pratyayAnta ke rUpa meM nipAtana na kiyA jAya to isa nyAya se 'puMnAmni ghaH' 5/3/130 kA bAdha hokara, 'vyaJjanAd ghaJ' 5/3/132 se ghaJ hI hotA / yaha nyAya asamartha/anitya hai kyoMki, agale nyAya se, isa nyAya ke ekAntatva nityatva kA bAdha hotA hai| isake alAvA anya jJApaka bhI batAyA jA sakatA hai| udA. 'asarUpo'pavAde votsargaH prAk kte:' 5/1/16 sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki apavAda rUpa pratyaya ke sAtha samAna rUpa na ho aisA autsargika pratyaya apavAda ke sthAna meM vikalpa se hotA hai yadi vaha apavAdaviSayaka pratyaya 'striyAM ktiH' 5/3/91 ke pUrva AyA ho to / yadi utsarga se apavAda balavAn na hotA aura apavAda ke sthAna meM utsarga hotA hI to isa prakAra ke satra kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thI / zAyada aisA satra bana hotA to vahI 'siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH // ' nyAya ke anusAra niyamArtha hotA kintu aisA niyama uparyukta sUtra meM nahIM hai, isase jJAta hotA hai ki, ise choDakara anya kRdanta aura anyatra sarva sthAna meM jahA~ jahA~ apavAda svarUpa pratyaya hotA hai vahA~ autsargika pratyaya nahIM hotA hai| yaha nyAya zAkaTAyana, cAndra paramparA aura pANinIya paramparA meM kahIM bhI batAyA nahIM hai| pANinIya paramparA meM 'apavAdAtkvacidutsargo'pi' nyAya prApta hai aura yaha nyAya usake udgama kA kAraNa hai, ataH isa nyAya kI pravRtti pANinIya paramparA meM huI hai / utsarga sAmAnya zAstra hai aura apavAda vizeSa zAstra hai, ataH vizeSa zAstra sAmAnya zAstra kA bAdha karatA hI hai, aisA sarvasvIkRta niyama hone se, pANinIya paramparA meM meM ise nyAya/paribhASA ke rUpa meM batAyA nahIM hai / cAndra paribhASApATha meM yaha nyAya 'vizeSavidhiH sAmAnyAt' svarUpa meM hai| banAyA

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140 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) // 56 // apavAdAtkvacidutsargo'pi // apavAd se bhI kvacit utsarga balavAn hotA hai / udA. 'makha gatau' dhAtu se 'makhanti svargaM gacchanti anena iti makhaH' aura 'maTha nivAse' 'maThanti nivasanti chAtrAdayo'tra iti maThaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'vyaJjanAd ghaJ' 5/3/132 se honevAlA 'ghaJ' rUpa ApavAdika pratyaya kA bAdha karake, isa nyAya se autsargika gha pratyaya 'nAmni ghaH' 5/ 3/130 se hotA hai / __makha, maTha ityAdi prayoga kI siddhi ke lie anya koI prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to apavAda rUpa 'vyaJAnAd ghaJ'5/3/132 se 'ghaJ' pratyaya hokara, makha, maTha ke sthAna para 'mAkha, mATha' ityAdi aniSTa rUpa hote / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki isa nyAya kA svarUpa hI anitya hai / yadyapi isa nyAya kA samAveza 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH' / / 57 / / nyAya meM ho sakatA hai kyoMki isa nyAya kA svarUpa hI anitya aura lakSyAnurodhi hai / ataH jahA~ iSTa ho vahA~ hI yaha nyAya pravRtta hotA hai anyathA isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 'kvacidapavAdaviSaye'pyutsargo'bhinivizate' nyAya bhI isa nyAya ke artha kA bodhaka hai / yahA~ siddhahema meM isa nyAya se kevala utsargazAstra kA balavattva batAyA gayA hai, usase itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki kucheka sthAnoM meM apavAdazAstra kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| yaha nyAya bhI cAndra ko chor3a kara sabhI paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM prApta hai| // 57 // nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH // aniSTa prayojana yA prayoga ke lie zAstrapravRtti nahIM hotI hai / zAstra kA matalaba kyA ? zAstra arthAt sUtra yA nyAya / isa vyAkaraNa ke sUtra aura vyAkaraNazAstra sambandhita nyAya kI pravRtti anabhipreta artha kI siddhi ke lie nahIM hotI hai| zAstra arthAt sUtra aura nyAya ziSTa prayoga kI siddhi ke lie hI hai| aniSTa prayoga kI siddhi kA pratibandha/niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| sUtra kI pravRtti aniSTa prayoga ke lie nahIM hotI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai / 'nayati, NIMga prApaNe' dhAtu git hone se 'IgitaH' 3/3/95 se phalavAn kartA kI vivakSA meM Atmanepada siddha hone para bhI 'kartRsthAmUrtA''pyAt' 3/3/40 se NIMg dhAtu se Atmanepada kiyA, vaha niyama ke lie huA kyoMki 'siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH // ' aura vaha niyama isa prakAra hotA hai ki - yadi NIMg dhAtu kA karma kartA meM hI ho aura vaha amUrta arthAt arUpI ho, kevala buddhigamya ho tabhI hI NIg dhAtu se Atmanepada hotA hai / udA. 'zramaM vinayate / ' ( vaha zrama dRra karatA hai) kintu kartA meM sthita karma

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.57) 141 amUrta na ho to phalavat kartA hone para bhI Atmanepada nahIM hotA hai / udA. 'caitrasya manyu vinayati, garcha vinayati, buddhayA vinayati / ' aura dUsarA yaha niyama hotA hai ki - 'kartRsthA'-3/3/40 sUtra meM koI vizeSa artha nahIM kahA hone para bhI zamayati kriyArthaka hI NIMg dhAtu se Atmanepada hotA hai anya arthavAle NIMga dhAtu se Atmanepada vidhi nahIM hogI kyoMki ziSTa purUSoM ko yahI iSTa hai / ataH isa prakAra vyavasthA huI hai aura hogii| saMkSepa meM, donoM niyama ikaTThe hokara isa prakAra niyama hotA hai / zamayati kriyArthaka NIMga dhAtu se taba hI Atmanepada hotA hai ki jaba usakA karma kartA meM hI ho aura amUrta ho to, aura isa prakAra/aisA na ho to phalavat kartA ho to bhI NIMga dhAta se Atmanepada nahIM hotA hai| ata: 'zamayati' kriyA se bhinna arthavAle NIMga dhAtu se sarvatra phalavat kartA kI vivakSA ho yA na ho tathApi Atmanepada aura parasmaipada donoM siddha ho jAte haiM / udA. ajAM grAmaM nayati nayate vaa| zrI AdinAthaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'zrI' ke 'I' kA 'ya' hone kI prApti hai tathApi nahIM huA hai / yaha ziSTasaMmata hone se isa nyAya se 'yatva' kA abhAva huA mAnanA cAhie / jahA~ aniSTa prayoga hotA hai vahA~ nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, udA. 'lopAtsvarAdezaH' nyAya kI pravRtti 'cikIrghyate' ityAdi prayoga meM nahIM hotI hai| cikIrNyate' ityAdi prayoga siddha karate samaya jaba 'vayaH ziti' 3/4/70 se kya' hogA taba cikIrSa + ya te hogA / isI paristhitimeM 'a' kA 'ataH' 4/3/82 se lopa hone kI saMbhAvanA hai, aura 'dIrghazcviyaGyakkye Su ca' 4/3/108 se dIrghavidhi hone kI prApti aura lopAtsvarAdezaH' nyAya kahatA hai ki lopa se svara kA Adeza balavAn hotA hai to yahA~ yadi yaha nyAya pravRtta hogA to 'ataH' 4/3/82 se a kA lopa hone ke bajAya 'dIrghazcviyaGyakkyeSu ca' 4/3/108 se dIrghavidhi hogI aura 'cikIrNyate' ke sthAna para 'cikIrSAyate' rUpa hogA kintu vaha rUpa aniSTa/asAdhu hone se lopAtsvarAdezaH' nyAya kI pravRtti aise aniSTa rUpoM kI siddhi ke lie nahIM kI jaaygii| isa nyAya kA jJApaka una sthAnoM para anya koI vizeSa spaSTatA kA abhAva arthAt vizeSaNa kI anukti hI hai / 'kartRsthAmUrtA''pyAt' 3/3/40 se 'zamayatyarthasya', isa prakAra 'nI' dhAtu kA vizeSaNa nahIM kahA hai aura 'lopAtsvarAdeza:' nyAya meM dIrghazcciyaG-' 4/3/108 se honevAle dIrgha kA varjana karane ke lie dIrghavarjaH svarAdezaH' aisA nahIM kahA hai, vaha isa nyAya ke astitva ke kAraNa se hI nahIM kahA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hone se idamadaso'kyeva' 1/4/3 sUtra meM aniSTa niyama ko dUra karane ke lie 'eva' kAra kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'idamadaso'kyeva' - 1/4/3 sUtra kA niyamatva evakAra binA bhI siddha hI hai kyoMki 'imakaiH amukaiH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'bhisa ais' 1/4/2 se hI bhis kA ais Adeza siddha hone para bhI yaha

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142 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) sUtraracanA kI, vaha niyama ke lie huA kyoMki 'siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH // ' nyAya hai / kintu eva kAra kA prayoga nahIM hogA taba yahA~ do prakAra kA niyama ho sakegA / 1, idam aura adas zabda se para hI ak ho to bhis kA ais Adeza hotA hai / kintu anya zabda se para ak ho to bhis kA ais Adeza nahI hotA hai / 2. idam aura adas ke para meM ak ho taba hI bhis kA ais Adeza hotA hai kintu ak rahita idam aura adas ke bhis kA ais Adeza nahIM hotA hai / yahA~ 'idamadaso'kyeva' 1/4 / 3 sUtra ke lie prathama niyama aniSTa hai, kyoMki idam aura adas se bhinna anya-ak pratyayAnta zabda se bhis kA ais Adeza pAyA jAtA hai / udA. takaiH, vizvakaiH / jabaki dUsarA niyama iSTa hai kyoMki 'ebhiH amIbhi:' ityAdi prayoga meM ak rahita idam aura as se para Aye hue bhis kA aisa Adeza nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / ina do niyamoM meM pahale aniSTa niyama ko dUra karane ke lie 'idamadaso'kyeva' 1/4/3 evakAra kA prayoga kiyA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to isa nyAya se aniSTa niyama dUra ho hI jAtA aura zeSa iSTa niyama kI pravRtti hotI to, usake lie 'idamadaso'kyeva' 1/4 / 3 sUtra meM evakAra kA prayoga kyoMkiyA jAtA ? ataH yahI evakAra kA prayoga isa nyAya kI anityatA batAtA hai / samagra / saMpUrNa vyAkaraNazAstra, utsarga aura apavAda se bharapUra hai / 'lakSyaikacakSuSka AcArya arthAt loka meM prayukta bhinna bhinna bhASAkIya prayogoM kA saMgraha karane kI dRSTiyukta, vaiyAkaraNoM ne zabdoM ke artha kA ucita bodha karAne ke lie apane Apa hI zAstra kI prakriyA ke nirvAha ke lie yathAyogya prakRti, pratyaya, dhAtu, kRdanta ityAdi vibhAga kI yojanA kI hai aura usake anusAra usake lakSaNa bhI batAye haiM tathApi AcArya zabda kI aura apanI maryAdita zakti se avagata the, arthAt loka meM prayukta sarva prakAra ke zabda aura prayogoM kA ve samyak prakAra se saMgraha kara sakane vAle nahIM haiM vaha svayaM acchI taraha jAnate the, ataH unhoMne apane zAstra meM 'siddhiH syAdvAdAt' (si. 1 / 1/ 2 ) aura 'siddhiranekAntAt' (jai. 1/1 / 1 ) jaise sUtra dvArA anekAntatva pradarzita kiyA hai / tathA 'lokAt' 1/1/3 jaise sUtra dvArA loka meM arthAt vaiyAkaraNoM, mahAkavi ityAdi ziSTapurUSoM dvArA bhUtakAla meM prayukta aura aise hI bhaviSyatkAlIna mahApurUSoM dvArA prayukta honevAle saMbhavita prayogoM kA bhI isameM samAveza kara liyA gayA hai / taduparAMta siddhahema meM yahI 'lokAt ' 1/1 / 3 sUtra kA vyApa kevala saMskRta vyAkaraNa svarUpa sAta adhyAya taka maryAdita nahIM hai, kintu saMpUrNa AThoM adhyAya meM isa sUtra kA adhikAra hai arthAt saMskRta bhASA ke sivAya / alAvA prAkRta, mAgadhI, zaurasenI, paizAcI, cUlikApaizAcI aura apabhraMza ityAdi chaH bhASA ke sUtroM meM 'lokAt ' 1/1 / 3 sUtra kA adhikAra hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM bhASyakAra ne bhI 'yathAlakSaNamaprayuktaM' kahA hai aura usakI vyAkhyA

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prathama vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 57) do prakAra se kI gaI hai| prathama vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai / 'aprayukte zabde lakSaNAnusArameva vyavasthA kaaryaa|' arthAt yadi zabda prayoga na kiyA gayA ho to usakI spaSTatA/samajha lakSaNa anusAra denA/ . karanA yA vyAkaraNa ke sUtra anusAra prayoga siddhi karanA / dUsarI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai nava vA lakSaNamaprayukte pravartate, prayuktAnAmeva lakSaNenAnvAkhyAnAt' arthAt jaba zabda aprayukta ho to vahA~ lakSaNa ke sUtra kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / vyAkaraNa ke sUtra se bhUtakAla meM hue prayoga kA hI anvAkhyAna arthAt siddhi hotI hai| ina donoM vyAkhyAoM meM se dUsarI vyAkhyA meM 'aprayukta' zabda 'aniSTa prayoga' ke artha meM hai / arthAt dUsarI vyAkhyA kA artha yaha huA ki aniSTa prayoga kI siddhi karane ke lie zAstra kI pravRtti karanA ucita nahIM hai| ata: yaha vyAkhyA aura prastuta nyAya samAnArthaka hI hai aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA kathana hai| 'bhoja vyAkaraNa' meM yaha nyAya hai aura 'kAtantra' kI bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRtti meM bhI isa nyAya kA samAnArthaka 'yalakSaNenAnupapannaM tatsarvaM nipAtanAt siddham' nyAya prApta hai| yahA~ aprayukta zabda arthAt aniSTa prayoga rUpa zabda hai ata eva vyAkaraNazAstra kI isameM pravRtti nahIM hotI hai aisA batAnA ucita nahIM haiM kyoMki prayukta zabda bhI aniSTa prayoga rUpa hote haiN| ataH 'aniSTArthA' pada se kevala itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki vyAkaraNazAstra aniSTa prayogoM kI siddhi nahIM karatA hai| isa nyAya ke AdhAra para 'nI' dhAtu phalavatkartRtvaviziSTa hone para bhI usase Atmanepada nahIM hotA hai kintu parasmaipada hotA hai| pANinIya taMtra meM aise prayogoM meM phala kartRgAmI hone para bhI vahA~ 'nI' dhAtu ke phalavatkartRtva kI vivakSA na karake parasmaipada siddha kiyA hai| yaha nyAya iSTa prayogoM kI siddhi aura aniSTa prayogoM kA nivAraNa karane ke lie hai / ataH usakI anityatA batAnA ucita nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA mAnanA hai / usake kAraNa dete hue ve kahate haiM ki 'idamadaso'kyeva' 1/4/3 sUtra meM kathita evakAra ke sArthakya ke lie hI isa nyAya ke anityatva kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai| yaha nyAya sUtrakAra ke vidhAna/vacana ko anarthaka banAne meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai kintu aniSTatA ke nivAraNa meM hI pravRtta hotA hai| aura dUsarI eka bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya yaha hai ki yaha nyAya kevala zAstra kI hI aniSTa pravRtti ko dUra karatA hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai, usI prakAra se yaha vyAkaraNa ke sUtra aura nyAya/paribhASA ina donoM kA hI isI zAstra kI vyAkhyA meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai, ataH isa nyAya se aniSTa niyama ko dUra karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / ata eva iSTa niyama kA bodha karAne ke lie evakAra kA prayoga karanA anivArya hai| aura vahI sArthaka hI hai / ata: usake dvArA isa nyAya kI anityatA batAnA ucita nahIM hai tathA saMbhavita bhI nahIM hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) isa prakAra pUrvakRta nyAyavRtti kA kahIM kahIM AdhAra le ke prabhu zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne ikaTThe kiye hue sattAvana nyAyoM kI bRhavRtti pUrNa huii| ___tapAgacchAcArya zrI somasuMdarasUrijI mahArAja ke sakala ziSyoM meM agraNI gacchendra AcArya zrI ratnazakharasUrIzvarajI guru ke pravartamAna sAMnidhya meM unake ziSya zrIhemahaMsagaNiviracita 'nyAyArthamaJjuSikA' nAmaka bRhavRtti kA prathama vakSaskAraka saMpUrNatA ko prApta karatA hai| iti kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryairviracita zrI siddhahemazabdAnuzAsanasya svopajJabRhadvRttyante taireva samuccitAnAM saptapaJcAzataH nyAyAnAM prathama-vakSaskArasya paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNikRtasvopajJanyAyArthamaJjUSA nAma bRhadvattezca svopajanyAsasya ca ___ tapAgacchAdhirAja-zAsanasamrAT AcArya zrImadvijayanemisUrIzvarANAM paTTAlaGkAra AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrIzvaraiH saMdRbdhaM nyAyArthasindhuM ca taraGgaM ca kvacid kvacidupajIvya zAsanasamrAT AcArya zrIvijayanemi-vijJAna-kastUra-yazobhadra-zubhaGkarasUriNAM paTTadhara AcArya zrIvijayasUryodayasUrIzvarANAM ziSya muni nandighoSavijayakRtaH savivaraNaM hindIbhASAnuvAdaH samAptimagAt //

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atha kalikAlasarvajJazrIhemacandrAcAryaviracita zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsanagata __ paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNibhiH samuccitAnAM nyAyAnAM dvitIyo vakSaskAraH // // 58 // prakRtigrahaNe svArthikapratyayAntAnAmapi grahaNam // 1 // prakRti kA grahaNa kiyA ho to svArthikapratyayAnta kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / yahA~ prakRti dhAtu svarUpa aura nAma svarUpa donoM kA grahaNa saMbhavita hai| kevala prakRti aura svArthikapratyayAnta prakRti meM bahuta kucha antara hotA hai aura ata eva 'svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA' nyAya ke kAraNa mUla prakRti ke svarUpa kA hI grahaNa saMbhava hai kintu svArthikapratyayAnta kA svarUpa mUlaprakRti se bhinna hone ke kAraNa, usakA grahaNa saMbhava nahIM thA, usakA grahaNa karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / yahA~ 'svArthikapratyayAntAnAm' kA vizeSya 'prakRtInAm' adhyAhAra hai| usameM kevala dhAtu-svarUpa prakRti ke grahaNa ke viSaya meM 'svArthika pratyayAnta' kA grahaNa isa prakAra hai / udA. 'vinimeyadyUtapaNaM paNavyavahoH 2/2/16 meM 'paNi' rUpa se kevala 'paNi' dhAtu kA hI grahaNa prApta hai, tathApi svArthika 'Aya' pratyayAnta 'paNi' dhAtu kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai, ata eva 'zatasya zataM vA paNiSTa' prayoga kI taraha 'zatasya zataM vA apaNAyId' ityAdi prayoga meM bhI 'vinimeyadyUtapaNaM.....' 2/2/16 se hI paNi dhAtu ke vyApya ko vikalpa se karma saMjJA hogI / jaba karma saMjJA nahIM hogI taba 'zata' zabda se 'zeSa' meM sambandha meM 'zeSe' 2/2/81 se SaSThI hogI / kevala nAma rUpa prakRti ke grahaNa se svArthikapratyayAnta nAma kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / udA. 'grAmAt parasmin deze vasati' prayoga meM jaise kevala 'para' zabda ke prayoga meM 'prabhRtyanyArthadikzabda 2/2/75 se 'grAma' zabda se paMcamI huI hai vaise 'parAvarAtstAt' 7/2/116 sUtra se svArtha meM 'stAt' hone para vahI 'stAt' pratyayAnta 'para' zabda (parastAt zabda) ke yoga meM bhI grAma zabda se prabhRtyanyArthadika zabda' - 2/2/75 se dikazabda ke yoga meM honevAlI paMcamI vibhakti hogI aura 'grAmAta parastAta vasati' prayoga siddha hogaa| sarvAdi gaNa meM niyama ke lie Datara aura Datama pratyaya kA grahaNa kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| Datara aura Datama pratyaya ke grahaNa kA artha/prayojana yahI hai- Datara aura Datama pratyaya haiM aura kevala pratyayoM kA sarvAditva kabhI bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH pratyaya meM prakRti kA AkSepa karane se isa prakAra artha hotA hai ki jo bhI yat, tat kim, anya, eka ityAdi zabda se svArthika Datara yA Datama pratyayoM kA saMbhava ho vahI, Datara aura Datama pratyayAnta yad Adi zabdoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / arthAt una zabdoM ko sarvAditva prApta hotA hai aura 'yatarasmai, yatamasmAt' ityAdi prayoga meM smai ityAdi 14

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146 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) Adeza hote haiN| ye Datara aura Datama pratyaya kA grahaNa niyamArtha hai, aisA AcAryazrIhemacandrasUrijI ne batAyA hai aura vahI niyama isa prakAra hai -: svArthika pratyayAnta sarvAdi zabdoM kI mUla prakRti sarvAdi hone se use sarvAditva kI prApti hotI hai kintu vaha prApti Datara aura Datama, do hI svArthika pratyayAnta zabdoM se hotI hai kintu anya svArthika pratyaya hai vahI pratyayAnta sarvAdi zabdoM ko sarvAditva prApta nahIM hotA hai, ataH prakRSTa artha meM hue svArthika tamap pratyayAnta 'sarvatama' zabda ko sarvAdi nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, ataH usase para Aye hue 'De, Gasi, Gi'kA' 'smai smAt smin' Adeza nahIM hoMge aura 'sarvatamAya, sarvatamAt' aura 'sarvatame' rUpa hoNge| - isa prakAra anya svArthika pratyaya jisake anta haiM aise sarvAdi zabdoM ke sarvAditva ko dUra karane ke lie Datara aura Datama pratyaya kA grahaNa isalie hI kiyA jAtA hai ki jisase kisI bhI prakAra ke vizeSa bhedabhAva binA hI saba svArthika pratyayAnta sarvAdi zabdoM ko kisI bhI prakAra se sarvAditva kI prApti hotI ho, aura ina saba ko sarvAditva kI prApti isa nyAya se hI hotI hai kyoMki anya kisI bhI prakAra se kabhI svArthikapratyayAnta sarvAdi zabdoM ko sarvAditva kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| ataH isa prakAra se isa nyAya ke kAraNa saba prakAra ke svArthikapratyayAnta sarvAdi zabdoM ko, mUla prakRti sarvAdi hone se sarvAditva kI prApti hone se, Datara aura Datama ko chor3akara anya svArthikapratyaya jisake anta meM hai aise sarvAdi zabdoM ke sarvAditva kA niSedha karane ke lie jo Datara aura Datama pratyaya kA sarvAdi gaNa meM grahaNa kiyA, usakA isa nyAya ke binA asaMbhava hone se hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai / ata: 'paNAyati' prayoga meM 'paNi' dhAtu 'idit' hone para bhI Atmanepada nahIM hotA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'NiG' kA Gittva hai, ataH 'kAmayate' meM Atmanepada hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'kAmayate' prayoga karate samaya bhI 'kam' dhAtu se Atmanepada hI hotA, kyoMki mUla 'kam' dhAtu AtmanepadI hI hai, tathApi 'kAmayate' meM Atmanepada karane ke lie NiG pratyaya meM G rakhA hai, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ko sUcita karatA hai arthAt jaise 'paNAyati' meM Atmanepada ke sthAna para parasmaipada huA, vaise yahA~ bhI parasmaipada ho jAyegA aisI AzaMkA se hI AcAryazrI ne 'NiG ko Git kiyA hai| svArthika pratyayoM kA kyA artha ho sakatA hai, isake bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'pratIyate'rtho'nena iti pratyayaH' isa prakAra vyutpatti karane para, pratyaya se kisI bhI artha kA pratipAdana honA cAhie / yahA~ batAye gaye svArtha meM honevAle 'Aya' ityAdi pratyayoM kA koI artha pratIta nahIM hotA hai aura zAstra meM batAyA bhI nahIM tathApi usakA prakRti ke artha meM hI vidhAna kiyA gayA hone se prakRti kA hI artha pratyaya kA mAna lenA cAhie kyoMki koI bhI pratyaya anarthaka nahIM hotA hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 58) 147 pANinIya taMtra meM 'supi sthaH' (pA.sU.3/2/4) ke mahAbhASya meM kahA hai ki jisa pratyaya ke artha kA nirdeza na kiyA ho vaha svArtha meM mAna lenA / aura 'pratyaya' svarUpa meM anvarthaka arthAt arthAnusArI saMjJA karane se, anya kisI bhI artha kI upasthiti na hotI ho vahA~ pratyaya ke sabase najadIka meM prakRti hone se prakRti kA hI artha pratyaya meM AtA hai / saMkSepa meM pratyaya arthAt usakA apanA yA apanI prakRti ke artha kA bodha jisase ho, vaha / ataH jisa zabda se svArthika pratyaya hotA hai, usake mUla zabda ke sAtha jaisA vyavahAra hotA hai, aura usase jo kArya hote haiM, vaisA vyavahAra aura vahI kArya, vahI svArthika pratyayAnta zabda se bhI hotA hai / aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai / svArthika pratyaya ke bAre meM jaisI carcA A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne kI hai vaisI carcA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bhI isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM kI hai| donoM carcAe~ samAna hI haiM, kevala zAbdika antara hI haiM / isake alAvA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka kI vizeSa rUpameM carcA kI hai| __svArthika pratyaya ke bAre meM carcA isa prakAra hai- : svArthika pratyaya do taraha ke haiM 1. kucheka AkhyAta sambandhita / udA. 'Aya' ityAdi aura 2. kucheka taddhita sambandhita haiM / udA. 'kAra' ityAdi aura 'tamap' ityAdi / isameM se 'Aya' Adi aura 'kAra' Adi pratyaya sAmAnyatayA prakRti ke - artha meM hote haiM, jaise ki 'gupaudhUpa'-3/4/1 'kamerNiG (3/4/2) 'RterjIyaH' 3/4/3 ityAdi AkhyAta meM honevAle svArthika pratyaya haiM aura 'varNAvyayAtsvarUpe kAraH' 7/2/156 'rAdephaH' 7/ 2/157 'nAma-rUpa-bhAgAd dheyaH' 7/2/158 ityAdi taddhita khaMDa ke svArthika pratyaya haiM / _ 'guptijo garhA-kSAntau san' 3/4/5, 'kitaH saMzayapratIkAre' 3/4/6 se honevAle san ityAdi pratyayoM kA, 'Aya' ityAdi svArthika pratyaya meM samAveza ho sake yA nahIM ? usakI carcA karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi batA rahe haiM ki uparyukta sUtra se honevAlA san vizeSa artha meM hI hotA hai, ata: yahI san svArthika na hone ke kAraNa usakA Aya ityAdi meM samAveza na karanA cAhie kintu yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai / 'dhAtUnAmanekArthatvam' nyAya se gardA ityAdi artha pratyaya ke nahIM kintu dhAtu ke hI mAnane cAhie, tathApi, vaha upAdhivizeSa nahIM hai / gardA ityAdi artha meM sthita gup ityAdi dhAtu se ye pratyaya hote haiM / isa prakAra artha karanA cAhie, jabaki upAdhi prakRti se bhinna rahakara prakRti ke vizeSa artha kA bodha karAtI hai / aba taddhita ke tamap ityAdi pratyaya, prakRti ke artha se adhika artha kA bodha karAte haiM, ata: ve prakRSTa ityAdi artha rUpa upAdhi kI apekSA rakhate haiM, ata: ve 'Aya' ityAdi aura 'kAra' ityAdi se bhinna hai, aisA mAnanA cAhie jaise 'bahUnAM madhye prakRSTa ADhayaH ADhayatamaH' / isI artha meM 'prakRSTa tamap' 7/3/5 se tamap hogA yahA~ yaha tamap ityAdi upAdhi se yukta hone para bhI usakA artha prakRti ke artha ke vizeSaNa rUpa ho jAtA hai aura usakA prakRti ke apane hI artha dvArA nirNaya karanA hone se, prakRti ke artha meM hI usakA samAveza hotA hai / pratyaya to kevala usake dyotaka hI haiM / jaise 'ca' ityAdi samuccaya artha ke dyotaka haiN| pANinIya taMtra meM vyavahAra arthavAle 'paNi' dhAtu se 'Aya' pratyaya nahIM hotA hai| zrIbhaTTojI

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148 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) dIkSita ne kahA hai ki paNi ke sAhacarya se paNi dhAtu se stuti ke artha meM hI 'Aya' pratyaya hotA hai arthAt paNi kA artha stuti hI hai, jabaki paNi dhAtu ke artha, stuti aura vyavahAra do haiM, unameM se jaba paNi dhAtu kA stuti artha ho taba hI svArthika 'Aya' pratyaya hotA hai| siddhahema kI paramparA meM stuti aura vyavahAra donoM artha meM paNi dhAtu se Aya pratyaya hotA hai| _ 'paNAyati' udAharaNa ko chor3akara 'apaNiSTa, apaNAyId' udAharaNa kyoM diyA ? isakI spaSTatA karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai ki 'paNAyati' udAharaNa meM 'gupaudhUpa'-3/4/1 sUtra se zit pratyaya para meM hone ke kAraNa Aya pratyaya nitya honevAlA hai, ata: 'Aya' pratyaya rahita paNi dhAtu nahIM milatA hone se svAbhAvika hI 'paNi' ke grahaNa se usakA hI grahaNa hotA hai, aisI kisI ko AzaMkA ho sakatI hai, aura vahA~ isa nyAya kA koI phala dikhAyI nahIM detA hai, jabaki 'azit' pratyaya para meM Ane ke kAraNa 'apaNiSTa' aura 'apaNAyId' udAharaNa dene se vahA~ donoM prakAra ke (AyAnta aura AyAntarahita ) paNi dhAtu milate hone se Upara batAyI gaI AzaMkA nahIM hotI hai aura isa nyAya kA phala prakaTa hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra-: paNi dhAtu se 'azavi te vA' 3/4/4 sUtra se azit pratyaya para meM hone se Aya pratyaya vikalpa se hotA hai aura usI prakAra Aya rahita paNi dhAtu kA saMbhava hone para bhI AyapratyayAnta paNi dhAtu kA grahaNa huA hai vaha isa nyAya ke kAraNa hI hai| ___ yahA~ zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne batAyA hai ki 'vinimeyadyUta'-2/2/16 sUtra ke sArthakya kI AzaMkA dUra karane ke lie apaNAyId' udAharaNa diyA hai, aisI prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa arthAt zrIhemahaMsagaNi ityAdi kI mAnyatA hai, kintu vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki kevala 'apaNiSTa' udAharaNa dene se 'Aya' pratyaya kA vaikalpikatva pratIta ho hI jAtA hai. ataH aisI koI AzaMkA paidA nahIM hotI hai| isake bAre meM maiM itanA hI batAnA cAhatA hU~ ki kevala 'paNAyati' yA 'apaNiSTa' udAharaNa meM isa nyAya ke phala kA darzana nahIM hotA hai, jabaki 'apaNiSTa' aura 'apaNAyId' udAharaNa dene se isa nyAya kA phala spaSTa rUpa se dikhAyI detA hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'vinimeyadyUtapaNaM....' 2/ 2/16 sUtra ke sArthakya kI bAta hI nahIM kI hai| isa nyAya ke bAre meM apanA svataMtra vicAra prastuta karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki aise viSaya meM nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai jahA~ prakRti ke arthaparaka pratyaya hote haiM vahA~ bhI pratyayAnta svarUpa bhinna hone para bhI usakA prakRtitva naSTa nahIM hotA hai / aikA bhAva mAnakara pratyaya kA bhI bhinna artha mAnanA cAhie aisA pUrvapakSa ke tarka kA uttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki svArthika pratyayAnta zabda kA artha prakRti ke artha se bhinna nahIM hotA hai, ata: 'zatasya zataM vA apaNiSTa, apaNAyId vA' udAharaNa meM arthabheda nahIM hone se isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, tathApi svArthika pratyayAnta zabda sarvatra kevala prakRti ke grahaNa se hI svIkRta hai, usI artha meM isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA mAnakara prakRti se honevAle kArya meM isa nyAya kI prApti hotI hai, ataH yahA~ usakA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 58) / 149 isa nyAya kI anityatA ke phalasvarUpa yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'paNAyati' ityAdi meM isa nyAya kI anityatA ke kAraNa Atmanepada nahIM huA hai| paraMtu vaha samucita/sahI pratIta nahIM hotA hai / siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM 'paNAyati' ityAdi prayoga meM Atmanepada kA abhAva isa prakAra siddha kiyA hai| 'paNi' ityAdi meM sthita 'i' anubaMdha Atmanepada ke lie hai / jaba azav pratyaya arthAt vikaraNa pratyayarahita kAla meM athavA garNakAryarahita kAla meM 'azavi te vA' 3/4/5 se 'Aya' ityAdi pratyaya vikalpa se hoMgeM taba 'Aya' ityAdi pratyaya ke abhAva meM Atmanepada hI hogA aura isa prakAra 'i' anubaMdha sArthaka hogA / ataH 'Aya' ityAdi pratyaya hogeM taba Atmanepada nahIM hogA ata eva 'paNAyati' meM sthita Atmanepada ke abhAva ko isa nyAya kI anityatA kA phala nahIM mAnanA caahie| aura anityatA kA jo jJApaka batAyA hai vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki jJApaka hameMzA nyAya ke abhAva meM vyartha banatA hai aura nyAya ke astitva meM sArthaka banatA hai / ataH yadi isa nyAya ko nitya mAnA jAya to anityatA kA jJApaka vyartha bananA cAhie / usI prakAra 'kamerNiGa' 3/4/2 meM 'NiG' kA Gittva vyartha banatA nahIM hai kyoMki Upara batAyA usI prakAra yaha nyAya nitya hone para bhI aura kam dhAtu AtmanepadI hone para bhI jaba svArtha meM Ni pratyaya hogA taba vaha parasmaipadI ho jAyegA / vahI parasmaipada na ho, isalie 'Ni' ko Git karanA Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra NiG kA Gittva vyartha nahIM hotA hai ataH vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka bana sakatA nahIM hai| 'Datara-Datama' ke grahaNa se yaha niyama niSpanna/phalita hotA hai ki svArthika pratyaya meM se kevala 'Datara' aura 'Datama' jisake anta meM AyA ho use sarvanAma/sarvAdi saMjJA hotI hai, anya ko nhiiN| isa prakAra sarvAdi gaNa meM Datara-Datama kA grahaNa niyama ke lie hai aisA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / aba isI jJApaka ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'Datara, Datama kA grahaNa niyamArtha haiM' usake prati zaMkA vyakta karate haiM / siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki "tayoH svArthikatvAt prakRtidvAreNaiva siddhe" aura zabdamahArNavanyAsa meM kahA hai "svArthikatvAt prakRtyaviziSTatayA yattadAdi prakRtidvArakameva sarvAditvaM bhaviSyati, kimanayorupAdAnena" isase aisA siddha nahIM hotA hai ki DataraDatama kA grahaNa niyamArtha hai / aura AcArya zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne isake lie isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI hai| nyAsakAra ne eka sthAna para kahA hai ki 'sarvamAdIyate'bhidheyatvena gRhyate'nena iti sarvAdiH' isa prakAra anvarthaka saMjJA kA Azraya karane se pratyeka sarvanAma kA isameM grahaNa ho sakatA hai, ataH svArthika pratyayAnta sarvAdi zabdoM kA bhI usameM grahaNa ho hI jAtA hai / vastutaH isa prakAra anvarthaka saMjJA kA Azraya karane se sarvAdi gaNapATha vyartha ho jAtA hai / usase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jisa nAma meM sarvAditva ho aura sarvAdigaNa meM pATha kiyA ho usIse hI sarvAdi sambandhita kArya hotA hai| yadi Datara-Datama kA sarvAdigaNa meM pATha na kiyA jAya to ve sarvAdi hone para bhI sarvAdi sambandhita kArya nahIM hotA hai| ataH sarvAdi kArya ke lie usakA sarvAdigaNa meM pATha karanA Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra

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150 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) vahI Datara-Datama grahaNa sArthaka hI hai, vyartha nahIM hai / ata: vaha jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| yaha mAnyatA bhI sahI pratI ta nahIM hotI hai kyoMki Upara batAI vahI vyAkhyA sUtrakAra ne nahIM dI hai, laghunyAsakAra ne hI dI hai| sUtrakAra ke matAnusAra sarvAdi gaNapATha meM jo paThita ho use hI sarvAditva prApta hotA hai / yahA~ sarvAdi kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karanI cAhie / 'sarvaH Adiryasya saH srvaadiH|' Datara aura Datama ke, sarvAdi gaNa meM kiye gaye pATha ko anya prakAra se sArthaka batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki zrIhemacaMdrAcAryajI ne bhI Datara-Datama grahaNa kA anya prayojana/hetu batAte hue kahA hai ki 'anyAdi lakSaNadArthaM ca / usakA artha isa prakAra hai / Datara aura Datama pratyayAnta zabda se para Aye hue 'si' aura 'am' pratyaya kA 'paJcato'nyAderanekatarasya daH' 1/4/58 se da Adeza karane ke lie yahA~ Datara-Datama kA grahaNa kiyA hai| yadi Datara-Datama kA yahA~ grahaNa na kiyA jAya to 'paJcato'nyAdeH' 1/4/58 se kathita d Adeza nahIM hogA / ataH Datara-Datama grahaNa kA yahIM prayojana hone se isa nyAya ke abhAva meM bhI vaha sArthaka hai / ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| yadyapi Age AcAryazrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne svayaM 'Datara-Datama grahaNa' ke niyamArthatva kI zaMkA kI hai aura bAda meM usake niyamArthatva kA samarthana bhI kiyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :- vaha (Upara batAyA gayA) prayojana hone se svArthika pratyayAnta-(anya) sarvAdi meM sarvAditva ke abhAva kA vaha kaise jJApana kara sakatA hai ? anyathA anupapadyamAna arthAt jo vyartha ho vahI jJApaka ho sakatA hai aura Upara batAyA usI prakAra Datara-Datama grahaNa kI anyathA anupapatti nahIM hai / isI zaMkA kA pratyuttara dete hue ve svayaM kahate haiM ki kevala 'paJcato'nyAderanekatarasya daH' 1/4/58 se honevAle 'd' Adeza ke lie hI Datara-Datama kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai kintu anya svArthika pratyayAnta ko sarvAditva kI prApti na ho usake lie bhI Datara-Datama kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| sarvAdi gaNa meM pATha karane se asaMjJA meM hI sarvAditva kI prApti hotI hai / saMkSepa meM Datara-Datama kA sarvAdi gaNa meM aura anyAdi paMcaka meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, usameM se anyAdi paMcaka meM kiyA gayA pATha 'd' Adeza se caritArtha hai, tathApi sarvAdi gaNa meM kiyA gayA pATha vyartha hai aura vahI vyartha hokara anya svArthika pratyayAnta sarvAdi zabdoM meM sarvA karatA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI, zrIhemacandracAryajI dvArA kI gaI 'niyamArthatva' kI isI spaSTatA/samAdhAna ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ve to kahate haiM ki Datara-Datama kA grahaNa, anyAdi paMcaka se honevAle 'd' Adeza ke lie hI hai, ataH svArthikapratyayAnta sarvAdi ke sarvAditva kA niSedha karane meM vaha samartha nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| anta meM ve kahate haiM ki AcAryazrI ke vacana ke kAraNa, Datara-Datama grahaNa ke niyamArthatva kA svIkAra karane para bhI vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai aura zAyada isa nyAya kA ananyathAsiddha prayojana ho to isa nyAya kA vAcanika nyAya ke svarUpa meM svIkAra karanA caahie|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 59) 151 kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI yaha bAta ucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai kyoMki sarvAdi gaNapATha meM Datara-Datama ke grahaNa ke do hetu/prayojana AcAryazrI ne svayaM spaSTa rUpa se batAye haiM : 1. anya svArthika pratyayAnta sarvAdi zabdoM ke sarvAditva kA niSedha karane ke lie / 2. 'paJcato'nyAderanekatarasya daH' 1/4/58 se honevAle 'si' aura 'am' pratyaya kA 'd' Adeza karane ke lie| prathama hetu dvArA AcAryazrI ne spaSTa rUpa se Datara-Datama grahaNa ko niyamArthatva pradAna kiyA hai, ataH zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI bAta bilakula AdhArarahita hai hI nahIM / yadi AcAryazrI ko kevala 'si' aura 'am' kA 'd' Adeza hI svIkArya hotA to, sarvAdi gaNapATha meM Datara-Datama ko rakhane ke bajAya 'paJcato'nyAderanekatarasya daH' 1/4/58 sUtra meM hI 'anyA'nyataretara Datara Datamasya' zabda se hI anyAdi paJcaka kA spaSTa rUpa se grahaNa kiyA hotA, kintu vaisA na karake sarvAdi gaNapATha meM Datara-Datama ko rakhe, vaha niyamArtha hI hai|| dUsare hetu/prayojana ke kAraNa anya-vaiyAkaraNoM-vRttikAroM ityAdi ko Datara-Datama grahaNa ke niyamArthatva ke viSaya meM AzaMkA paidA hone kI saMbhAvanA ke kAraNa sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne svayaM isakA samAdhAna diyA hai| ataH zrIlAvaNyasUrijI dvArA upasthita kI gaI zaMkA bilkula AdhAra rahita na hone para bhI ucita nahIM hai| saMkSepa meM, Datara-Datama kA sarvAdi gaNapATha meM grahaNa niyamArtha hI hai, ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka banatA hai| __yadyapi prakRti ke grahaNa se svArthika pratyayAnta kA grahaNa sarvatra-sabhI paramparA meM hotA hI hogA, tathApi zAkaTAyana paribhASApATha ko choDakara anyatra kahIM bhI yaha nyAya paribhASA ke rUpa meM saMgRhIta nahIM hai| // 59 // pratyayApratyayayoH pratyayasyaiva // 2 // pratyaya aura apratyaya donoM kA grahaNa prApta ho to pratyaya kA hI grahaNa hotA hai| 'grahaNa' zabda kA yahA~ aura agale nyAya ke sAtha bhI sambandha hai / jahA~ vivakSita zabda 'pratyaya' svarUpa aura 'apratyaya' svarUpa bhI ho, vahA~ pratyaya svarUpa hI grahaNa karanA kintu apratyaya svarUpa grahaNa nahIM karanA / __'svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA' // 1 // nyAya se donoM kA grahaNa prApta thA, unameM se pratyaya kA grahaNa karane ke lie aura apratyaya kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| (agale tIna nyAya bhI jahA~ isa prakAra donoM kA grahaNa saMbhava ho, vahA~ eka kA niSedha karane ke lie hai|) udA. 'kAlAt tana tara tama kAle' 3/2/24 sUtra meM saptamI alup kA vidhAna kiyA gayA

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152 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) hai| yahA~ 'tara' aura 'tama' donoM pratyaya grahaNa karane, kintu 'tarati, tAmyati' se 'lihAdibhyaH ' 5/1/ 50 sUtra se 'ac' pratyaya hokara niSpanna hue 'tara' aura 'tama' zabda kA grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / isa nyAya kA jJApaka, sUtra meM jo 'aviziSTa kathana' kiyA hai, vaha hai / vaha isa prakAra hai : yahA~ 'tara' aura 'tama' donoM pratyaya hI grahaNa karanA cAhie kintu 'nAma' svarUpa zabda grahaNa karanA nahIM / 'pUrvAhNetarAM, pUrvAhNatamAM' ityAdi prAcIna prayogoM meM ye do pratyaya hI dikhAI par3ate haiM, tathApi sUtra meM koI spaSTatA nahIM kI gaI, vaha isa nyAya ke kAraNa hI / . yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH 'strIdUta: '1/4/29 se 'nArI sakhI... 2/4 /76 ityAdi sUtra se vihita GI pratyayAnta kI taraha 'tarI' ityAdi avyutpanna hone se, vaha GI pratyayAnta nahIM hai kintu pratyayarahita hai tathApi aise IkArAnta zabdoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyuv svare pratyaye' 2/1/50 meM sAkSAt 'pratyaya' zabda kA grahaNa hai / (yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to sUtra meM 'pratyaya' zabda rakhane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, tathApi rakhA gayA hai vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ko sUcita karatA hai 1 ) yahA~ 'tarI' ityAdi zabda uNAdi pratyayAnta hai tathApi 'uNAdayo'vyutpannAni nAmAni ' nyAya se yahA~ avyutpatti pakSa kA Azraya kiyA gayA hai / yaha nyAya siddhama ke pUrva, vyADi nAma se diye gaye vyADi ke paribhASApATha meM hI upalabdha hai kintu yaha paribhASApATha vyADi kA apanA hI hai aisA koI nizcita pramANa nahIM hai, ataH siddhahema ke pUrva kisIne bhI isa siddhAMta ko paribhASA ke rUpa meM mAnA nahIM hai, jaba siddhahema ke pazcAtkAlIna prAyaH sabhI paribhASAvRttiyoM meM yaha nyAya upalabdha hai / ataH aisA mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM mAlUma detI hai / saMbhavata: vaiyAkaraNa dvArA isa siddhAMta ko paribhASA ke rUpa meM mAnyatA siddhahema ke bAda hI pradAna kI gaI ho / pro. ke. vI. abhyaMkarakRta jainendra paribhASAvRtti meM yaha nyAya 'tyAtyasaMbhave tyasya grahaNam' rUpa meM diyA hai, yahA~ pratyaya ko 'tya' saMjJA dI gaI hai / yaha nyAya 'aGgasya' (pA.sU. 6/4/1 ) ke bhASya meM vacana ke rUpa meM bhASyakAra ne batAyA hai aura vahA~ bhI kisI bhI prakAra kA jJApaka nahIM rakhA hai, ataH unake matAnusAra bhI yaha nyAya vAcanikI paribhASA ke rUpa meM hai / AnupUrvI viziSTa svarUpayukta zabda ke viSaya meM hI pratyaya yA apratyaya kA prazna upasthita hotA hai aura vahA~ hI yaha nyAya pravRtta hotA hai aura kevala varNa kA nirdeza jahA~ ho vahA~ yaha nyAya pravRtta nahIM hotA hai / ataH 'izcvAvarNasyA'navyayasya' 4 / 3 / 111 aura 'avarNasyevarNAdinaidodaral' 1 / 2 / 6 ityAdi sUtra meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM prAcIna matAnusAra isa nyAya kA svIkAra huA hai, jabaki navIna

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153 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.60) . matAvalaMbI isa nyAya ko mAnya karate nahIM haiM, unake matAnusAra yadi yaha nyAya hotA to vArttikakAra ne 'liti pratyayagrahaNaM kartavyam' isa prakAra vArtika na kiyA hotA / anya ke matAnusAra iSTa pratyaya kA grahaNa karane ke lie hI yaha nyAya hai aura pUrvokta vArtika kA hI vaha anuvAda hai aura jahA~ kevala pratyaya kA grahaNa na karanA ho vahA~ AcAryazrI/sUtrakAra ke vyAkhyAnAnusAra artha karanA cAhie / isa nyAya kA svIkAra karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya kA svIkAra karane para jahA~ kevala pratyaya kA grahaNa na karanA ho vahA~ vRttikAra yA bhASyakAra ke vyAkhyAna kA anusaraNa karanA par3atA hai aura asvIkAra karane para bhI kevala pratyaya kA grahaNa karane ke lie vRttikAra yA bhASyakAra ke vyAkhyAna kA anusaraNa karanA par3atA hai| aise svIkAra aura asvIkAra donoM meM samAna doSa hone se svIkAra karanA ucita hai aura jahA~ isakI pravRtti aura nivRtti karanI ho vahA~ lakSyAnusAra isa nyAya kI pravRtti-nivRtti mAna lenA / yaha nyAya zAstrakAra ne zAstra meM sthAna-sthAna para vacana ke rUpa meM kahA hai, ataH vaha vAcanikI paribhASA hai| aura vahIM vahIM sUtra meM unhIM zabdoM ke pratyayatva kA pratipAdana karanevAlA hai| // 60 // adAdyanadAdyoranadAdereva // 3 // 'adAdi' dhAtu aura 'anadAdi' dhAtu kA grahaNa saMbhava ho to 'anadAdi' dhAtu kA hI grahaNa karanA / 'dhAtoH' pada yahA~ adhyAhAra hai / yahA~ vivakSita dhAtu adAdi gaNa kA ho aura adAdi ko chor3akara anya kisI gaNa meM vaise hI svarUpavAlA dhAtu ho to adAdi gaNa ke dhAtu kA grahaNa na karake, adAdi se bhinna dhAtu kA grahaNa karanA / udA. 'upAnvadhyAGvasaH' 2/2/21 sUtra meM 'vas' dhAtu kahA hai / yahA~ 'vas' dhAtu ke do prakAra haiM / eka 'vas' dhAtu adAdi gaNa kA haiM / usakA 'vaste' rUpa hotA hai jabaki dUsarA 'vas' dhAtu bhvAdi gaNa kA hai, usakA 'vasati' rUpa hotA hai / to yahA~ ina donoM meM se kauna-sA grahaNa karanA yA donoM kA grahaNa karanA ? to isa nyAya ke AdhAra para yahA~ 'vasati' rUpavAle arthAt 'bhvAdi' ke 'vas' dhAtu kA grahaNa karanA, kintu 'vaste' rUpavAle adAdi ke 'vas' dhAtukA grahaNa na krnaa| isa nyAya kI sthApanA 'zAsashana: zAdhyedhijahi' 4/2/84 sUtra se hotI hai kyoMki isa sUtra meM 'as' dhAtu adAdi grahaNa kA grahaNa karanA hai aisA usake sAtha Aye hue 'zAs' aura 'han' dhAtu se nizcita hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to yahA~ isa sUtra meM 'as' dhAtu se adAdi gaNa ke 'as' dhAtu kA grahaNa karane ke lie 'zAs' aura 'han' dhAtuoM ke sAhacarya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kintu yahA~ 'asati' aura 'asyati' kA grahaNa nahIM karanA hai / ataH isa nyAya se saMbhAvita 'asati' aura 'asyati' ke grahaNa kA niSedha karane ke lie 'zAs' aura 'han' ke sAhacarya kI AvazyakatA hai|

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154 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) yaha nyAya anitya hai / ataH 'RhIghrAdhrAtrondanudavintervA' 4/2/76 meM 'R' se bhvAdi aura adAdi donoM gaNa ke 'R' dhAtu kA grahaNa hotA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH isa nyAya kI anityatA kA koI phala nahIM hai, kyoMki 'RhIghrAdhA'-4/2/76 meM RNa ke arthavizeSa dvArA hI usakA niyaMtraNa huA hai aura isa prakAra kisI ke bhI grahaNa meM vizeSaNa kA abhAva hI kAraNa hai, ataH donoM kA grahaNa ho sakatA hai / siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'zya, zav' ityAdi vikaraNa pratyaya hote haiM / pANinIya paramparA meM 'zap' ityAdi hote haiM / pANinIya taMtra meM adAdi dhAtu se 'zap' vikaraNa pratyaya karake bAda meM usakA lopa kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki siddhahema meM pahale se hI vikaraNa pratyaya ke vidhAna meM hI adAdi kA varjana kiyA hai / ataH anya taMtra meM 'lugvikaraNAlugvikaraNayoralugvikaraNasya' aisA nyAya hai| isa nyAya ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI dvArA kiye gaye vicAra-vimarza kA sAra isa prakAra hai : 'zAsashanaH zAdhyedhijahi' 4/2/84 sUtra meM adAdi ke 'as' dhAtu kA grahaNa karane ke lie 'zAs' aura 'han' dhAtu ke sAhacarya kA AdhAra liyA hai| usake bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki yahA~ kisI bhI eka 'as' kA grahaNa karanA hai to kisakA grahaNa karanA usakA nirNaya karane ke lie sAhacarya kA Azraya karanA hI par3egA aura usake dvArA yaha nyAya jJApana karanA saMbhavita nahIM hai| jJApaka banAne ke lie isa nyAya ke abhAva meM use vyartha banAnA par3atA hai, kintu usI prakAra vaha vyartha nahIM bana sakatA hai / jaise isa nyAya ke astitva meM anadAdi kA hI grahaNa saMbhavita hai, ataH yahA~ sAhacarya kA Azraya Avazyaka hai, vaise isa nyAya ke abhAva meM bhI do meM se kisakA grahaNa karanA, usakA nirNaya karanA muzkila hone se bhI sAhacarya kA Azraya lenA hI par3atA hai / isa prakAra vaha kisI bhI taraha vyartha nahIM bana pAtA hai| ataH vaha jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| ataH isa nyAya ke bala se, sAhacarya ke Azraya kA anumAna karake isa nyAya ko siddha karanA ucita nahIM hai / ata eva 'gamahanavidlavizadRzo vA' 4/4/84 meM lAbhArthaka tudAdi ke vid dhAtu kA grahaNa karane ke lie sUtra meM 'sAnubandha 'pATha kiyA hai, anyathA isa nyAya dvArA hI tudAdi ke lAbhArthaka vid dhAtu kA hI grahaNa honevAlA hai, ata: sAnubandha nirdeza vyartha hotA hai kyoMki 'sattA' aura 'vicAra' arthavAlA 'vid' dhAtu anadAdi honepara bhI AtmanepadI hai ataH usase 'kvasu' pratyaya honevAlA hI nahIM hai| aba 'gamahanavidlu' 4/4/84 meM sAnubandha nirdeza kyoM kiyA, usakI spaSTatA karate hue laghunyAsakAra kahate hai ki yahA~ 'vid' svarUpa meM niranubandha nirdeza karane se, Upara batAyA usI prakAra isa nyAya se lAbhArthaka tudAdi ke hI vidlu dhAtu kA hI grahaNa hogA aisA na kahanA kyoMki 'niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya' nyAya se 'tudAdi' ke lAbhArthaka 'vidlu' dhAtu kA grahaNa saMbhava nahIM hai, aura prastuta nyAya aura 'niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya' nyAya paraspara viruddha hone se, una

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 61) 155 kI pravRtti nahIM hogI aura 'viz' ke sAhacarya se tudAdi kA grahaNa nahIM hogA, aisA bhI nahIM kahanA kyoMki 'viz' ke pUrva meM 'han' dhAtu hai, ata: usake sAhacarya se adAdi ke vid kA grahaNa karanA par3egA, ataH sAnubandha nirdeza karanA Avazyaka hai| . saMkSepa meM, 'gamahanavidlavizadRzo vA' 4/4/84 meM tIna nyAya upasthita hote haiM / 1 adAdyanadAdyoranadAdereva 2. niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya aura 3. sAhacaryAt sadRzasyaiva / isameM se niranubandha grahaNe na sAnubandhakasya nyAya, usakA pratipakSI 'niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyena' nyAya hone se nirbala hai, jabaki 'sAhacaryAt sadRzasyaiva' nyAya kI pravRtti ke lie zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki pUrva sAhacarya aura para sAhacarya meM se parasAhacarya balavAn hai / ata: usakI pravRtti hogI kintu yaha bAta ucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai / kahIM bhI, kisI bhI sthAna para aise do prakAroM ke sAhacarya kA svIkAra karake para sAhacarya ko balavAn nahIM batAyA gayA hai / ataH isa prazna ke bAre meM jyAdA vicAra - vimarza karane kI AvazyakatA hai| zAstrakAra ne zAstra meM isa nyAya kA spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai, tathApi kahIM kahIM isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM isa nyAya kI carcA karate hue, kaiyaTa ne usake astitva kA aura jJApakasiddhatva kA svIkAra kiyA hai kintu nAgeza ne sAhacarya kI paribhASA kA Azraya karake, usakA khaMDana kiyA hai aura siddhahema meM bhI isa nyAya kA koI balavAn jJApaka prApta nahIM hai / isa nyAya kI vRtti meM kathita jJApaka meM, Upara batAyA usI taraha jJApakatva kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH AcAryazrI kI pravRtti hI isa nyAya kA AdhAra hai, aisA svIkAra karanA cAhie / yaha nyAya cAndra, kAtaMtra, kAlApa, jainendra va bhoja paramparA meM prApta nahIM hai / // 61 // prAkaraNikAprAkaraNikayoH prAkaraNikasyaiva // 4 // 'prAkaraNika' arthAt prastuta prakaraNa sambandhita aura 'aprAkaraNika' arthAt anya prakaraNa sambandhita / prAkariNaka aura aprAkaraNika donoM kA grahaNa saMbhava ho to prAkaraNika kA hI grahaNa karanA caahie| __ 'prAkaraNika' zabda kI vyutpatti batA rahe haiM / 'prakaraNa' arthAt 'svAdhikAra', 'prakaraNena carati' vAkya meM 'prakaraNa' zabda se 'carati' artha meM 'carati' 6/4/11 sUtra se 'ikaN' pratyaya hogaa| 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeH'-7/4/1 se Adya svara kI vRddhi hone para 'prAkaraNika' zabda bnegaa| ___ 'prAkaraNika' arthAt svAdhikAra meM kathita pratyaya Adi aura anya ke adhikAra meM kathita pratyaya Adi, vivakSita sUtra kI apekSA se aprAkaraNika kahA jAtA hai / prAkaraNika aura aprAkaraNika donoM kA grahaNa saMbhavita ho to prAkaraNika arthAt svAdhikAra

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156 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) meM kathita ho, vahI lenA, kintu anya adhikAra meM kathita ho aise aprAkaraNika kA grahaNa nahIM karanA / udA: 'iJa ita:' 2/4 /71 GI vidhAyaka sUtra meM jo 'iJ' pratyaya kahA vahI iJ pratyaya vyAkaraNa meM do prakAra ke Ate haiN| eka taddhita ke adhikAra meM 'ata iJ' 6 / 1 / 31 'sutaGgamAderiJ' 6/2/85 se honevAlA aura dUsarA kRtpratyaya vidhAyaka 'praznAkhyAne veJ' 5/3/ 119 sUtra se honevAlA 'iJ' pratyaya bhI hai, to yahA~ kaunasA 'iJ' pratyaya grahaNa karanA ? taba 'yatro DAyan ca vA' 2/4/67 sUtra se 'yaJ' ityAdi taddhita pratyaya grahaNa kiye haiM, ataH yahA~ taddhita kA 'iJ' pratyaya prAkaraNika hai, jabaki 'praznAkhyAne veJ' 5 / 3 / 119 se honevAlA kRtsUtrokta 'iJ' pratyaya aprAkaraNika hai / ataH yahA~ isa nyAya se prAkaraNika taddhita ke 'iJ' pratyaya kA grahaNa hogA kintu 'praznAkhyAne veJ' 5/3/119 se honevAle 'iJ' pratyaya kA grahaNa nahIM hogA / ataH 'sutaGgamena nirvRttA sautaGgamI' meM 'iJa ita: ' 2/4/71 se 'GI' pratyaya hogA / 1 prazna hone para 'iJ' pratyaya isa prakAra hotA hai ' he caitra tvaM kAM kArimakArSIH / ' aura AkhyAna arthAt kisIke prazna ke uttara meM bhI 'iJ' pratyaya hotA hai / kisIne pUchA, usI vakta, koI pratyuttara detA hai 'sarvAM kArimakArSam / ' yahA~ 'kAri' zabda 'iJ' pratyayAnta aura ikArAnta bhI hai, ataH 'iJa itaH ' 2/4/71 se GI hone kI prApti hai kintu yahA~ 'iJa itaH ' 2/4 /71 meM 'iJ' pratyaya taddhita kAhI grahaNa karanA kyoMki vaha prAkaraNika hai| kintu 'kAri' zabda meM sthit 'iJ' pratyaya kRtsUtrokta hone se aprAkaraNika hai ataH usakA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, ata eva yahA~ 'iJa itaH ' 2/4 /71 se 'GI' pratyaya nahIM hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'zakAdibhyo drerlup' 6 / 1 / 120 sUtra meM 'dri' saMjJA kA adhikAra/ anuvRtti calI AtI hI hai, tathApi 'deraJaNo'prAcyabhargAde: ' 6/1/123 meM punaH 'dri' kA grahaNa kiyA, vaha hai / isa nyAya se prAkaraNika aise dri saMjJaka 'aJ' aura 'aN' pratyaya kA hI lup hotA hai kintu aprAkaraNika ese dri saMjJaka 'aJ' aura 'aN' ityAdi kA lopa nahIM hogA, isa prakAra AcAryazrI ko zaMkA hone se, aprAkaraNika aise dri saMjJaka pratyayoM kA lopa karane ke lie punaH 'dreraJaNo'prAcyabhargAde: ' 6/1/123 meM dri kA grahaNa kiyA hai / bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai :- 'deraJaNo'prAcyabhargAde: ' 6 / 1 / 123 sUtra apatyAdhikAra meM hai aura 'dri' saMjJA do prakAra kI hai| eka apatyAdhikAra meM AyI huI 'rASTrakSatriyAt sarUpAdrAjA'patye driraJ' 6/1/114 ityAdi sUtra se honevAlI dri saMjJA, jo yahA~ prAkaraNikI hai aura dUsarI 'zastrajIvisaMghAdhikAra' meM 'pUgAdamukhyakAJjyo dri: ' 7/3/60 ityAdi sUtra se honevAlI dri saMjJA jo yahA~ aprAkaraNikI hai, ataH yahA~ prAkaraNikI apatyAdhikArasthA dri saMjJA kA grahaNa ho sakegA, kintu zastrajIvisaMghAdhikArasthA dri saMjJA kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / usI zastrajIvisaGghAdhikArasthA dri saMjJA kA bhI, 'raJaNo-' 6/1/123 ityAdi sUtra meM grahaNa karane ke lie punaH dri kA grahaNa kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM, 'dreraNo --' 6 / 1 / 123 sUtra meM donoM adhikAra meM Aye hue drisaMjJaka 'aJ'

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 61) 157 aura 'aN' pratyaya kA grahaNa karanA hai aura isI sUtra se isakA lopa karanA hai, ata: 'madrasyApatyaM strI madrI' meM jaise 'madra' zabda se apatya artha meM 'purumagadhakaliGgazUramasadvisvarAdaNa' 6/1/116 se 'aN' pratyaya hogA aura usakI dri saMjJA hogI, usakA 'dreraJaNo'prAcyabhargAdeH' 6/1/123 se lopa hogA / bAda meM 'pratyayalope pratyayalakSaNakAryaM vijJAyate' nyAya se lupta aN pratyaya nimittaka 'aNajeyekaNa' - 2/4/20 se GI pratyaya hogA aura 'asya DayAM luk' 2/4/86 se 'madra' ke 'a' kA lopa hone se 'madrI' zabda siddha hogaa| vaise hI pazu nAmaka kisI strI ke bahu apatya 'mANavaka' hai, to vahA~ 'purumagadha....' 6/ 1/116 se 'aN' hogA aura usako dri saMjJA hogI, usI dri saMjJaka 'aN' kA 'zakAdibhyo nerlup' 6/1/120 se lup hogA aura 'parzavaH' rUpa hogA, usakA strItva vivakSita 'zastrajIvisaGgha' ho taba 'pazu' zabda se 'parvAderaNa' 7/3/66 se dri saMjJaka aN hogA, usakA bhI 'dreraNo'prAcya-'6/ 1/123 se lup hogA / bAda meM 'uto'prANinazcAyurajjvAdibhya UG' 2/4/73 se 'UG' hogA aura 'parpU' zabda siddha hogaa| yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'jaS' dhAtu kA adyatanI ke di pratyaya ke sAtha 'ajarat' rUpa siddha karate samaya jaise 'Rdicchvi ' -3/4/65 se hue AkhyAta sambandhita 'aG' pratyaya hone se 'RvarNadRzo'Gi' 4/3/7 se guNa hotA hai, vaise 'jaraNaM jarA 'ityAdi meM 'Sito'G' 5/3/107 se hue kRtsUtrokta 'aG' pratyaya hone se 'RvarNadRzo'Gi' 4/3/7 se guNa hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to prAkaraNika aise 'Rdicchvi -' 3/4/65 se hue 'aG' pratyaya para meM hotA tabhI hI guNa hotA kyoMki vaha AkhyAt sUtrokta hai aura 'RvarNadRzo'Gi' 4/3/7 AkhyAta vibhAga meM hI kathita hai / jabaki 'Sito'G' 5/3/107 kRtsUtrokta hone se vaha aprAkaraNika hai, ataH 'RvarNadRzo'Gi' 4/3/7 se guNa nahIM ho sakatA hai tathApi guNa kiyA hai vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ko sUcita karatA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya ke kucheka aMza kI isa prakAra carcA karate haiM / eka hI zabda aneka artha batAne meM samartha ho taba usa prayukta zabda kA koI eka hI artha nizcita karane meM jaise saMyoga, viprayoga, sAhacarya, virodhitA, artha, prakaraNa, liGga, deza, kAla, sAmarthya, aucitya ityAdi aneka kAraNa ke sandarbha lie jAte haiM, vaise vyAkaraNa meM bhI abhidhA ke niyAmaka ke rUpa meM prakaraNa hai hI aura vaha sarvasammata hai hI, yahI isa nyAya se pratIta hotA hai| yaha nyAya svata:siddha hI hai, ataH use jJApaka kI apekSA nahIM hai, tathApi siddhahemabRhadvati meM 'dreraNo-' 6/1/123 sUtra meM kathita 'drAvanuvartamAne punardrigrahaNaM bhinnaprakaraNasyApi drerlubartham' vidhAna dvArA isa nyAya ko sUcita kiyA hai| kucheka ke matAnusAra 'prakaraNa' arthavizeSa kA hI niyAmaka hai' aisA sAmAnya niyama hone se 1. saMyogo viprayogazca, sAhacaryaM virodhitA / arthaH prakaraNaM liGgaM, zabdasyAnyasya saMnidhiH // sAmarthyamaucitI dezaH, kAlo vyaktiH svarAdayaH / zabdasyAnavacchede, vizeSasmRtihetavaH // (vAkyapadIya-bhartRhari)

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158 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) isa nyAya kI pRthak koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / vastutaH yaha nyAya, isI niyama kA hI anuvAda hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA ke phalasvarUpa zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai ki jaise AkhyAta ke 'Rdicchiva'-3/4/65 sUtra se 'jaS' dhAtu se adyatanI meM 'aG' pratyaya hone para RvarNadRzo'Gi' 4/3/7 se guNa hotA hai vaise kRtprakaraNasambandhita 'Sito'G' 5/3/107 se vihita 'aG' pratyaya para meM ho to bhI 'RvarNadRzo'Gi' 4/3/7 se hI guNa hogA / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ke matAnusAra yaha bAta ucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai / ve kahate haiM ki Upara batAyA usI taraha yaha nyAya jJApakasiddha nahIM hai kintu svataHsiddha hI hai / ataH isa nyAya kI anityatA kI kalpanA na karanI cAhie / yaha nyAya nitya hogA to bhI guNavidhAyaka sUtra-'RvarNadRzo'Gi' 4/3/7 se hI donoM sthAna para guNa hogA / prathama bAta yaha ki isa nyAya kI pravRtti zabda aura artha kA nirNaya karane ke lie hI hai| jabaki yahA~ 'aG' kA artha dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai kintu svarUpa se hI grahaNa kiyA hai arthAt jahA~ isa zabda dvArA kona-sA artha grahaNa kiyA jAya ? aisA saMzaya ho vahA~ prakaraNa ke anusAra artha karanA, aisA isa nyAya kA tAtparya hai / yahA~ svarUpa se hI 'aG' kA grahaNa hai kintu 'aG' vAcaka anya pada se grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai / ataH yahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA avakAza hI nahIM hai| jabaki dri saMjJA meM usake dvArA vizeSa pratyayoM kA grahaNa hotA hai aura dri saMjJA do prakAra ke pratyayoM ko hotI hai / eka prakAra apatya artha meM honevAle aura dUsarA prakAra 'zastrajIvisaGgAta' artha meM honevAle / ataH yahA~ kauna-se artha meM hue pratyaya kI dri saMjJA lenA usakA saMzaya hone se usakA nirNaya karane ke lie isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA saMbhava hai, kintu zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne punaH dri kA grahaNa karake isa nyAya kI pravatti ko roka diyA hai, yaha ucita hai| aba a vidhAyaka donoM sUtra dhAtu se hI aG karate haiM, ataH donoM kA prakaraNa eka hI mAnanA cAhie / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pahale 'aG' vidhAyaka sUtra 'RdicchivastambhU'- 3/4/65 ke samIpa meM hI guNa vidhAyaka sUtra kA. pATha nahIM kiyA hai / vaise dvitIya 'aG' vidhAyakasUtra 'Sito'G' 5/3/107 ke bAda turata hI guNavidhAyaka sUtra kA pATha nahIM kiyA hai, kintu svataMtra guNavidhAyaka prakaraNa meM hI usakA pATha kiyA hai, ata: yahA~ prAkaraNika yA aprAkaraNika kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai| dUsarI eka bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya yaha hai ki AkhyAtaprakaraNa aura kRtprakaraNa ko bhinna-bhinna prakaraNa ke svarUpa meM kahIM bhI svIkRti nahIM dI gaI hai aura vahI bAta 'saGkhyAsambhadrAnmAturmAturca' 6/1/66 sUtra ke nyAsa se spaSTa ho jAtI hai / ataH isa nyAya ke anityatva kA phala batAne ke lie donoM prakaraNoM ko bhinna-bhinna prakaraNa ke svarUpa meM mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| nyAsa meM kI gaI carcA kA sAra isa prakAra hai|

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159 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.61) AkhyAta prakaraNagata 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 se, yahA~ 'dvaimAturaH' ityAdi prayoga meM antya svara kI vRddhi kyoM nahIM hogI ? usakA kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai ki 'saMbhave sati bAdhanaM bhavati' nyAya ke pakSa meM takrakauNDinya' nyAya se jit Nit taddhita pratyaya para meM hone para bhI 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeH' 7/4/1 sUtra se 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 kA bAdha hogaa| jina logoM kI mAnyatA hai ki 'asaMbhave sati bAdhanaM bhavati' unakI mAnyatAnusAra 'mATharakauNDinya' nyAya ke dvArA 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeH' ......7/4/1 se 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 kA bAdha karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH unakI mAnyatAnusAra yahA~ kahate hai ki AkhyAtaprakaraNa aura kRtprakaraNa eka hI haiM / ata eva 'nAmino'kalihale:' 4/3/51 sUtra AkhyAta aura kRtpratyaya hone para hI pravRtta hotA hai, jabaki yahA~ donoM se bhinna tadvita prakaraNa hai / ataH yahA~ 'nAmino'kalihale:' 4/3/51 kI prApti hI nahIM hai / aura vRddhiH svareSvAdeH' 7/4/1 se honevAlI vRddhi aura usakA sUtra taddhita prakaraNa meM hI kahA gayA hai / ataH svaprakaraNa sambandhita sUtra se hI vRddhi hogI kintu anya prakaraNa kathita vRddhi sUtra se vRddhi nahIM hogI / aura 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 tathA 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeH' ......7/4/1 ke bIca jyAdA antara bhI hai, ata eva ina donoM meM paraspara bAdhyabAdhaka bhAva paidA nahIM hotA hai| merI dRSTi se bhI AkhyAtaprakaraNa aura kRtprakaraNa donoM eka hI haiM kyoMki sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne svayaM cauthe adhyAya meM AkhyAta sambandhita sUtroM ke vidhAna karane ke bAda bhI pAMcaveM adhyAya meM jisa meM bahudhA/vizeSa rUpa se kRtpratyaya vidhAyaka sUtra hI hai usameM bhI bIca meM kahIM kahIM AkhyAta sambandhita sUtra bhI rakhe haiM / aura ina sUtroM se vihita pratyayoM kI kRtsaMjJA na ho isalie pAMcaveM adhyAya ke prathama sUtra 'A tumo'tyAdiH kRt '5/1/1 meM saMpUrNa pAMcaveM adhyAya meM kahe gaye tyAdi pratyaya kA varjana kiyA gayA hai / pAcaveM adhyAya meM Aye hue AkhyAta pratyaya sambandhita sUtra isa prakAra haiM : (1) zrusadavasbhyaH parokSA vA 5/2/1 (2) adyatanI 5/2/4 (3) vizeSA'vivakSA - vyAmizre 5/2/5 (4) rAtrau vaso'ntyayAmA'svaptaryadya 5/2/6 se sati 5/2/19 taka (5) bhaviSyantI 5/3/4 se kriyAyAM kriyArthAyAM tumNakacabhaviSyantI 5/3/13 (6) satsAmIpye sadvad vA 5/4/1 se adhISTau 5/4/32 (7) saptamI yadi-5/4/34, zaktArhe kRtyAzca 5/4/35 (8) AziSyAzIH paJcamyau 5/4/38 se pracaye navA sAmAnyArthasya 5/4/43 (9) icchArthe karmaNaH saptamI 5/4/89 yadi sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ko donoM prakaraNa kI bhinna bhinna vyavasthA karanI hotI to, uparyukta karIba 68 sUtroM ko cauthe adhyAya ke kisI bhI pAda meM samAviSTa kiye hote, tathApi aisA nahIM kiyA hai, isase spaSTa hotA hai ki donoM prakaraNa eka hI haiM / aura cauthe adhyAya meM nirdiSTa guNa-vRddhi-Adeza -lopa ityAdi sambandhita sUtroM kI pravRtti pAMcaveM adhyAya meM bhI hotI hai|

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160 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) yaha nyAya prAyaH anya kisI bhI paramparA meM isI svarUpa meM prApta nahIM hai / // 62 // niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyena // 5 // sUtra meM yadi niranubandha kA grahaNa ho to sAmAnyatayA sarva kA grahaNa karanA / 'sAmAnya' kA artha yahA~ 'niranubandha 'aura 'sAnubandha 'isa prakAra donoM kA grahaNa karanA / (sUtra meM yadi koI zabda, dhAtu yA pratyaya niranubandha grahaNa kiyA ho to, use sAmAnya kathana mAnakara, niranubandha aura sAnubandha donoM kA grahaNa karanA) niranubandha se sAnubandha meM bahuta kucha svarUpabheda/ zabdabheda/visadRzatA hone ke kAraNa sAnubandha kA grahaNa saMbhava nahIM thA, use saMbhava banAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'svaH' aura 'kaH' yahA~ 'ra: padAnte visargastayoH' 1/3/53 sUtra meM niranubandha repha kA grahaNa hai, ataH jaise 'svaH' meM 'svar' zabda ke svAbhAvika repha kA visarga huA vaise 'kaH' meM 'kas' ke 's' kA 'so ru:' 2/1/72 se hue 'ru' sambandhita 'ra' kA bhI visarga hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApaka/Aropaka 'aroH supi ra:' 1/3/57 meM 'ru' kA varjana kiyA, vaha hai / yahA~ 'ra: padAnte-' 1/3/53 sUtra meM jisa repha ke visarga kA vidhAna hai vaha niranubandha aura sAnubandha donoM prakAra ke repha kA visarga karatA hai aura usake hI adhikAra meM Aye hue 'aroH supi ra:' 1/3/57 meM 'ru' kA varjana na kiyA jAya to 'gIrSu ,dhIrSu' kI taraha 'payassu, candramassu' ityAdi prayoga meM bhI 'ru' sambandhita 'ra' kA visarga hoto kintu vaha aniSTa hai, ata: 'ru' sambandhita ra kA varjana karane ke lie 'aro:' pada rakhA hai aura 'aro:' pada se jJAta hotA hai ki 'ra: padAnte' - 1/ 3/53 meM jo 'ra' hai usase isa nyAya ke kAraNa donoM prakAra ke (sAnubandha aura niranubandha) repha kA visarga hotA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai, kyoMki dUsarA eka nyAya hai ki 'niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya' / yaha nyAya prastuta 'niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyena' nyAya kA bAdhaka hai / ( ye donoM nyAya-paraspara ekadUsare ke bAdhaka banate haiM yaha eka vicAraNIya viSaya hai|) vastutaH 'niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya' nyAya prathama/pahale jJApakasiddha ke svarUpa meM batA dene ke bAda, usake pratipakSa svarUpa yaha nyAya na kahanA cAhie kyoMki eka hI viSaya meM paraspara viruddha nyAya kA astitva honA ucita nahIM hai| aba prazna yahIM paidA hotA hai ki donoM nyAya jJApaka siddha hI haiM to do meM se kisa ko yahA~ ucita mAnanA cAhie ? usakA koI nizcAyaka nahIM hai, ataH donoM nyAya ke astitva kA svIkAra karanA cAhie, aisI koI zaMkA kareM to usakA pratyuttara zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa prakAra dete haiM / pahale jisa nyAya kI sthApanA kI gaI ho usI nyAya se viruddha arthavAle nyAya se pUrva ke nyAya kI anityatA kA hI jJApana ho sakatA hai aura vahI ucita hai / ata eva 'aroH supi ra:' 1/3/57 sUtra ke nyAsasArasamuddhAra meM batAyA hai ki lAkSaNika nyAya

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 63) 161 ('lakSaNapratipadoktayo:'-) aura niranubandha nyAya (niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya) anitya hai| kintu 'ru' ke varjana ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM mAnA hai / ata: use isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM mAnanA cAhie, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM aura vastuta: ve isa nyAya kA hI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / kevala pUrva ke niranubandha nyAya ko hI anitya mAnate haiN| kucheka 'ru' meM sthita 'u' kAra ko anubandha ke rUpa meM svIkArate nahIM haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki 'ru' meM sthita ukAra kA anya koI kArya-prayojana nahIM hai, vaha kevala uccAraNa ke lie hI hai / jabaki zAstrakAra kI zailI-paddhati anusAra anubandhoM kA viziSTa prayojana hotA hai / yahA~ aisA koI viziSTa prayojana nahIM hai, ataH ukAra meM anubandhatva nahIM hai, ata eva vaha isa nyAya kA viSaya nahIM bana pAtA hai / isakA khaMDana karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate hai ki 'ato'ti roruH' 1/3/20, 'roryaH' 1/3/26 ityAdi sUtroM meM ukAra anubandha sArthaka hai / ataH vaha kevala uccAra karane ke lie hI hai, aisA nahIM hai aura vahI ukAra anubandha kA phala yaha hai ki 'prAtaratra, bhrAtargaccha' ityAdi prayoga meM ukAra anubandha rahita repha kA 'u' nahIM hotA hai / Upara batAyA, usI prakAra se 'u' anubandha hone se 'niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya' kI prApti dUra karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH yaha 'aroH supi ra:' 1/3/57 svarUpa jJApaka dvArA usakI anityatA kA jJApana karanA Avazyaka hai| yaha nyAya kAtaMtra kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti, kAlApa paribhASApATha ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai / zAyada una sabhI paramparA meM 'niranubandhagrahaNe na sAnubandhakasya' nyAya kI anityatA se hI nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| // 63 // sAhacaryAtsadRzasyaiva // 6 // sAhacarya se tatsadRza kA hI grahaNa hotA hai / avyabhicArI dvArA vyabhicArI ko niyaMtrita kiyA jAtA hai use sAhacarya kahA jAtA hai vyabhicArI zabda, dhAtu yA pratyaya ityAdi ke sAtha prayukta avyabhicArI zabda, dhAtu yA pratyaya ke sadRza hI vyabhicArI zabda, dhAtu yA pratyaya kA grahaNa karanA kintu asadRza kA grahaNa nahIM karanA / iSTa zabda, dhAtu yA pratyaya ityAdi ke grahaNa kI siddhi ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'ktvAtumam' 1/1/35 yahA~ ktvA' aura 'tum' pratyaya 'kRt' haiM, ataH usake sAhacarya se 'am' pratyaya bhI 'kRt' hI lenA, kintu dvitIyA vibhakti ekavacana kA 'am' pratyaya nahIM lenaa| yaha nyAya anitya hai| ataH 'vattasyAm' 1/1/34 meM 'vat' aura 'tasi' ke sAhacarya se, kevala taddhita sambandhita 'Am' pratyaya kA grahaNa na karake, usake jaise, parokSA ke sthAna meM kiye

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162 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) gaye, AkhyAta sambandhita 'Am' pratyaya kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai, ataH 'idamanayoratizayena kimiti kiMtarAm' / yahA~ 'kiM' zabda se 'dvayorvibhajye ca tarap' 7/3/6 se 'tarap' pratyaya hogA aura 'kiMtyAdye'vyayAdasattve tayorantasyAm' 7/3/8 se 'tarap' pratyaya ke antya kA 'Am' Adeza hone para, usI 'Am' se vihita 'si' pratyaya kA 'avyayasya' 3/2/7 se lup hotA hai kyoMki vahI 'kiMtarAm' ityAdi rUpoM ko 'vattasyAm' 1/1/34 se avyaya saMjJA hotI hai| usI hI taraha / vaise hI 'pAcayAJcakruSA' meM bhI parIkSA ke sthAna para hue 'Am' pratyayAnta 'pAcayAm' zabda ko 'vattasyAm' 1/1 / 34 se avyaya saMjJA hone se 'avyayasya' 3/2/7 se 'TA' pratyaya kA lopa hotA hai / yahA~ isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM batAyA gayA hai / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI ne isa nyAya ko lokasiddha batAyA hai / usakA lokasiddhatva batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki 'rAmalakSmaNau' kahane se 'lakSmaNa' ke sAhacarya se 'rAma' zabda dvArA 'dazaratha' rAjA ke putra 'rAma' kA hI grahaNa hogA aura 'rAmakRSNau' kahane se 'rAma' zabda se, 'kRSNa' ke sAhacarya se 'balarAma' kA grahaNa hogA / ataH yahA~ jJApaka kI apekSA nahIM hai / tathApi zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'avizeSokti' ko hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA hai, vaha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki 'avizeSokti' se sAmAnya kA grahaNa saMbhava hai kintu vizeSa kA grahaNa saMbhava nahIM hai aisA zrI lAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM / kintu aise sthAna para sAmAnya kA grahaNa iSTa nahIM hotA hai balki vizeSa kA grahaNa hI iSTa hotA hai, ataH vizeSokti karanA anivArya hai tathApi vizeSokti nahIM kI gaI hai, vaha isa nyAya ke astitva ko mAnakara anya zabda, dhAtu yA pratyaya ke sAhacarya se, usase sambandhita 'tatsadRza' kA hI grahaNa hogA / isa nyAya ke anityatva kA phala batAyA gayA vaha ucita / sahI nahIM hai / 'vattasyAm ' 1/1 / 34 sUtra ke bRhannyAsa aura laghunyAsa meM 'Am' se taddhita ke 'Am' ke sAthasAtha parokSA ke sthAna meM hue 'Am' ke grahaNa ko aura SaSThI ke 'Am' pratyaya ke agrahaNa ko isa prakAra siddha kiyA hai aura usameM isa nyAya kI hI pravRtti kI gaI hai / bRhannyAsa meM kahA hai ki 'Am' tIna prakAra ke haiM / (2) SaSThI ke bahuvacana kA 'Am' ( 2 ) taddhita kA 'Am' ( 3 ) parokSA ke sthAna para huA 'Am' / yahA~ 'vattasyAm ' 1/1 / 34 meM kaunasA 'Am' lenA usakI koI vizeSa spaSTatA nahIM ki gaI hai tathApi SaSThI bahuvacana ke Am ko chor3akara zeSa do prakAra ke 'Am' ko hI grahaNa karanA / kyoMki 'vat' aura 'tas' pratyaya avibhakti hai, ataH 'Am' bhI avibhakti hI grahaNa karanA / taddhita kA 'Am' pratyaya jaise avibhakti hai vaise parokSA ke artha meM hue 'kvasu' pratyaya ke sthAna para huA 'Am' bhI avibhakti hai, jabaki SaSThI bahuvacana kA 'Am' pratyaya vibhakti kA pratyaya hai, ataH usakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / aura laghunyAsa meM isa prakAra kahA hai -: 'vattasyAm' 1/1 / 34 meM 'vat' aura 'tas' ke sAhacarya se 'Am' taddhita kA arthAt 'kiM-tyAdye'vyayA' 7/3/8 se hue 'Am' kA grahaNa karanA / yahA~ 'taddhita kA' aisA kahA hai usake upalakSaNa se 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm' 3/4/46 ityAdi sUtra

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 63) 163 se vihita Am kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / ataH 'pAcayAJcakruSA' ityAdi meM 'TA' kA lopa hone se 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau' 1/3/14 se anusvAra aura anunAsika donoM hoMge / yahA~ upalakSaNa se SaSThI ke bahuvacana ke 'Am' pratyaya kA grahaNa nahIM hogA, kyoMki jo 'Am' 'Am' ke svarUpa meM hI hamezA ke lie rahatA ho usakA hI grahaNa hotA hai, jabaki SaSThI bahuvacana ke 'Am' kA 'nAm, sAm' Adeza hote haiM, ataH usakA grahaNa nahIM hogaa| Upara batAyA vahI samAdhAna dekara, phira se /punaH dUsarA samAdhAna dete haiM kintu vaha samAdhAna bRhanyAsa meM diyA hai vahI hai / saMkSepa meM yahA~ 'Am' grahaNa ke lie sUtrakAra ne bRhanyAsa meM, aura laghunyAsakAra ne bhI isI nyAya kI pravRtti kI hai kintu isa nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya nahIM kiyA hai / ataH yahA~ anityatA kA phala batAnA ucita nahIM hai| 'pAcayAJcakruSA' meM 'pAcayAm' ko 'vattasyAm' 1/1/34 se avyaya saMjJA kyoM karanI cAhie, usakI carcA jaise zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne kI hai, vaise zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bhI kI hai| avyaya saMjJA karane kA mukhya kAraNa tRtIyA ekavacana ke 'TA' pratyaya kA lopa karane kA hai / dUsarA kAraNa 'pAcayAm' meM padatva lAne kA hai / vahI padatva Ane se 'm' kA anusvAra aura anunAsika donoM hote haiM / yaha padatva do prakAra se saMbhava hai| 1. 'Am' svataMtra pratyaya mAnakara Amanta ko avyaya banAkara usameM nAmatva siddha karake 'TA' pratyaya kA lopa karake, syAdyanta pada banAyA jA sakatA hai| aura 2. parokSA ke kvasu ke sthAna para hue 'Am' meM parokSAvadbhAva karake usameM tyAdyanta pada saMjJA ho sakatI hai| usameM syAdyanta padaniSpati kI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI pUrvapakSa kA sthApana karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki vattasyAm' 1/1/34 sUtra meM avibhakti 'vat' aura 'tas' ke sAhacarya se 'Am' bhI avibhakti grahaNa kiyA jAyegA, ata: SaSThI bahuvacana ke 'Am' kA grahaNa nahIM hogaa| aura 'Am' kI taddhita pratyaya ke svarUpa prasiddhi hai, ata: 'pAcayAJcakruSA' ityAdi meM 'kvasu' ke sthAna para 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm' 3/4/46 se hue 'Am' kA bhI grahaNa nahIM hogA, to usakI avyaya saMjJA na hone se tRtIyA ekavacana ke 'TA' pratyaya kA lopa nahIM hogA / aura yahA~ koI aisA tarka kareM ki 'pAcayAm' meM nAmatva nahIM hai, ataH usase 'TA' pratyaya nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH avyaya saMjJA karake nAmatva lAkara bAda meM tRtIyA kA TA pratyaya lAkara usakA lopa kiyA jAya, usase jyAdA acchA yaha hai ki avyayasaMjJA dvArA nAmatva lAne kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai, ata: TA pratyaya bhI nahIM hogA / 'usakA pratyutara dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi tathA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yahA~ avyaya saMjJA karake nAmatva lAkara, TA pratyaya kA lopa karane se padatva AtA hai| isase 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau' 1/3/14 se 'm' kA anusvAra bhI hotA hai, anyathA 'mnAM dhuDvarge'ntyo.....' 1/3/39 se antya vyaJjana hI hotaa|

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164 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) aba tyAdyantapadatva ke bAre meM zaMkA karate haiM ki 'pAcayAm' meM avyaya saMjJA karake, pratyaya lAkara, usakA lopa karake padatva lAnA usase acchA yaha hai ki 'kvasu' ke sthAna para hue 'Am' meM parokSAvadbhAva dvArA padatva lAyA jA sakatA hai aura Nav ityAdi parokSA ke sthAna para hue 'Am' meM parokSatva sthAnivadbhAva dvArA A sakatA hai / isa prakAra vaha tyAdi vibhaktyanta pada hotA hai, to ye avyaya saMjJA Adi vyartha hI haiM / usakA pratyuttara dete hue ( ve donoM) kahate haiM ki Upara batAyA usI prakAra se tyAdyantanimittaka pada saMjJA honevAlI hI nahIM hai kyoMki kvasu ke sthAna para hue 'Am' meM parokSAvadbhAva AtA nahIM hai| yadyapi kvasu meM parokSAvadbhAva hai tathApi usake Adeza 'Am' meM parokSAvadbhAva nahIM hai / isa 'Am' meM parokSAvadbhAvAbhAva kA jJApana 'vetteH kit' 3/4/51 sUtra se hotA hai / isake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatA aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI mAnyatA, prAyaH samAna hI hai| kevala zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA kI gaI 'kit' aura 'avit' ke bAre meM gaurava- lAghava ki carcA ko ve asthAnApanna mAnate haiM / jabaki merI apanI mAnyatAnusAra yadi 'kvasu' ke sthAna para hue 'Am' kA parokSAvadbhAva hotA to 'vetteravit 'bhI kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isakI spaSTatA karane se pahale, zrIhemahaMsagaNi aura zrIlAvaNyasUrijI dvArA kI gaI carcA kA tAtparya/sAra yahA~ prastuta karatA huuN| 'tatra kvasukAnau tadvat' 5/2/2 sUtra meM kvasu' kA parokSAvadbhAva, dvitva ityAdi kI siddhi ke lie kiyA gayA hai / ataH syAdi kI anutpatti svarUpa aniSTa siddha karane ke lie vaha samartha nahIM banatA hai| 'vetteH kit' 3/4/51 sUtra se 'Am' ke parokSAvadbhAva kI nivRti isa prakAra jJApita hotI hai / 'vidAJcakAra' ityAdi rUpa meM 'vid' ke 'i' kA guNa na ho isalie parIkSA sthAnika 'Am' ko kit banAyA gayA hai| yadi 'Am' ko 'vetteravit' sUtra banAkara avit' kiyA hotA to parokSAsthAni 'Am' meM 'indhyasaMyogAt parokSA kidvat' 4/3/21 se kitva A jAtA aura guNa kA abhAva siddha ho jAtA / tathApi 'vetteravit' sUtra na banAkara, 'vetteH kit' 3/4/51 sUtra kiyA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki 'Am' kA parokSAvadbhAva nahIM hotA hai, ataH parokSAvadbhAvanimittaka kittva, dvitva ityAdi kArya nahIM hote haiM / udA. 'juhavAJcakratuH' ityAdi meM Am kA parokSAvadbhAva nahIM hone se kittva nahIM hogA aura 'hu' ke 'u' kA guNa hogA aura dvitva karane ke lie 'bhIhIbhRhostivvat' 3/4/50 se 'tivvat' kiyA hai / bAda meM 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hogA, ataH yahA~ 'vidAJcakAra' meM parokSAnimittaka 'dvirdhAtuH parokSA'- 4/1/1 se dvitva nahIM hogA aura kit karane se guNAbhAva hogaa| kisI bhI vidhAna ko jJApaka banAnA ho to use vyartha batAnA cAhie / yahA~ 'vetteH kit' 3/4/51 Upara batAyA usI prakAra vyartha hai kintu usakI sArthakatA anya prakAra se batAI jA sakatI hai aura use zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne gaurava lAghava kI carcA karake, sArthaka batAyA hai / usakI sArthakatA isa prakAra hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.63) 165 'vetteravit' sthAna para 'vetteH kit' 3/4/51 karane se varNalAghava aura prakriyAlAghava hotA hai / 'kit' se 'avit' meM varNa/mAtrA jyAdA hai| ataH aura 'Am' ko avit kiyA jAya bAda meM parokSAvadbhAva dvArA 'indhyasaMyogAt parokSA kidvat '4/3/21 se 'kittva' lAkara bAda meM guNAbhAva hogA usake bajAya 'Am' ko sIdhe hI 'kidvat' karane se prakriyAlAghava bhI hogA aura 'mAtrAlAghavamapyutsavAya manyante vaiyAkaraNAH / nyAya hone se yahI sUtraracanA sArthaka hogI / ataH yaha sUtra parokSAvadbhAvAbhAva kA jJApana karane meM samartha nahIM hogaa| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne svayaM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kI gaI isI sArthakatA kA AMzika khaMDana karate hue ve kahate haiM ki mAtrAlAghava karanA vahI AcAryazrI ko ekAntarUpa meM sammata nahIM hai / kyoMki unhoMne jaise 'klIbe' 2/4/97 sUtra meM napuMsakaliGga ke lie 'klIba' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai vaise 'napuMsakasya ziH' 1/4/55 meM 'klIba' kA prayoga kiyA hotA kintu aisA nahIM kiyA usase jJApita hotA hai 'mAtrAlAghavamapyutsavAya manyante vaiyAkaraNA:' nyAya anitya hai, ataH lAghava sambandhita abhAva ke kAraNa 'vete: kit' 3/4/51 se huA kittvavidhAna vyartha hokara parokSAvadbhAvAbhAva kA jJApana karatA hai, aura aisA karane se yadi lAghava ho to vahI guNa hI hai, koI doSa nahIM hai| aisA anya sthAnoM para bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| udA. 'anavarNA nAmI' 1/1/6 sUtra meM saMjJA ko ekavacana meM rakhakara vacanabheda kyoM kiyA? usakI spaSTatA karate hue AcArya zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI kahate haiM, jahA~ 'nAmin' saMjJA sambandhita kArya karanA ho vahA~ kArya svara se kAryo svara nyUna honA cAhie, aura tabhI vahA~ 'nAmin' saMjJA hotI hai anyathA 'nAmin' saMjJA nahIM hotI hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie 'nAmI' isa prakAra ekavacana meM rakhakara vacanabheda kiyA hai| ataH 'glAyati, mlAyati' ityAdi dhAtu ke aikAra kI nAmin saMjJA na hone se 'nAmino guNo'kGiti' 4/3/1 se guNa nahIM hogaa| isakI vizeSa spaSTatA karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki guNa, adhika yA vizeSa AropaNa svarUpa hai / 'glAyati' ityAdi meM aikAra hai aura isakA guNa ho to usakA Asanna e hotA hai aura ekAra, aikAra se nyUna hai / yadyapi aikAra aura ekAra donoM do-do mAtrAyukta hone para bhI ekAra vivRtatara Asyaprayatna dvArA paidA hotA hai, jabaki aikAra ativivRtatara Asyaprayatna dvArA paidA hotA hai| isa prakAra aikAra se ekAra nyUna hai / ata: yadi aikAra kA 'e' karane para adhika/vizeSa Aropa hone kI bAta dUra rahatI hai aura isake sthAna para nyUnatA AtI hai / ata: 'ai' kA 'e' honevAlA ho to 'ai' kI 'nAmin' saMjJA nahIM hotI hai / usakA jJApana karane ke lie saMjJA (nAmin ) ko ekavacana meM rakhA hai aura aisA karane se varNa kA lAghava hotA hai, vaha guNa hI hai kintu doSa nahIM hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kit aura avit sambandhita zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA kI gaI gaurava-lAghava kI carcA ko mAnya nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM parokSA ke viSaya meM avit aura kit paryAyavAcI haiM, ataH unake gaurava-lAghava kI carcA nahIM karanI cAhie aura prakriyAgaurava kI jo bAta hai usakA bhI ve svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / tathA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne diye hue 'klIbe' 2/4/97 aura 'napuMsakasya ziH'

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166 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) 1/4/55 sUtra se unhoMne batAyA hai ki paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM gaurava-lAghava kI carcA Avazyaka nahIM hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi tathA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'vetteravit' sUtra kI racanA karane ko kahA hai, kintu merI dRSTi se vaha ucita nahIM hai / yadyapi laghunyAsa meM aisI carcA hai, ata eva unhoMne bhI aisI carcA kI hai| vid dhAtu se honevAle 'Am' meM kittva nahIM hai, usakI prApti karAne ke lie 'vetteH kit' 3/4/51 sUtra kI racanA Avazyaka hai kintu 'vetteravit' sUtrakaraNa kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki jaise 'Am' kit nahIM hai vaise vaha 'vit' bhI nahIM hai, ata: vaha 'avita' hI hai| yahA~ zAyada kisIko aisI zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki parIkSA ke 'Nav ' pratyaya ke sthAna para jaba 'Am' hogA to usameM vittva AyegA / ataH 'Am' ko avit karanA Avazyaka hai| kintu yaha zaMkA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm'...3/4/46 se parokSA ke sthAna para hue 'Am' meM parokSAvadbhAva AtA nahIM hai / yadi parokSA ke artha meM hue pratyaya meM parokSAvadbhAva prApta hotA to, 'tatra kvasukAnau tadvat' 5/2/2 meM tadvat' zabda na rakhA hotA / ataH jaise 'kvasu' aura 'kAna' pratyaya meM parokSAvadbhAva karane ke lie 'tadvat' zabda rakhA vaise 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm....3/4/46 meM bhI tadvat zabda rakhakara parokSAvadbhAva prApta hotA, to 'Am' avit hone se apane Apa hI usameM 'indhyasaMyogAt'....4/3/21 se kittva A jAtA, tathApi 'Am' meM 'kittva' kI prApti karAne ke lie 'vetteH kit' 3/4/51 sUtra banAyA, usase jJAta hotA hai ki 'Am' meM parokSAvadbhAva nahIM hai / yadi 'Am' meM parokSAvadbhAva hotA to 'vetteH kit' 3/4/51 yA 'vetteravit' do meM se eka bhI sUtra kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha pAtI / aura 'Am' ke parokSAvadbhAvAbhAva se 'dayAJcakre' ityAdi meM 'anAdezAdereka'...4/1/24 se etva nahIM hogaa| dUsarI eka vizeSa bAta dhyAna dene yogya yaha hai ki 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm'.... 3/4/46 se saMpUrNa parIkSA pratyaya ke sthAna para hI 'Am' Adeza hotA hai kintu koI eka hI pratyaya vizeSa ke sthAna para 'Am' Adeza nahIM hotA hai / ata: Nava, thav ityAdi ke vittva kA 'Am' meM vyapadeza nahIM ho sakatA hai / isalie bhI 'vetteravit' kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, aisI merI mAnyatA hai| yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, kAtaMtra kI durgasiMhakRta aura bhAvamizrakRtavRttiyA~, kAtaMtra paribhASApATha, kAlApa, jainendravRtti evaM bhojavyAkaraNa meM prApta nahIM hai / pANinIya paramparA ke pazcAtkAlIna sabhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM yaha nyAya prApta hai / // 64 // varNagrahaNe jAtigrahaNam // 7 // 'varNa' ke grahaNa se, usI varNa ke sajAtIya aneka varSoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| sUtra meM eka varNa kA grahaNa kiyA ho, to, vahA~ usake sajAtIya aneka varNa kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / 'amukavarNasya' isa prakAra ekavacana se nirdeza kiyA hone se, eka hI varNa kA grahaNa ho sakatA hai, kintu do, tIna ityAdi kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai, usakA grahaNa karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.64) 167 udA. 'raMramyate' ityAdi prayoga meM jaise 'ram' dhAtu ke 'ra' meM sthita akAra ke bAda, dhAtu ke anta meM anunAsika Ane se 'murato'nunAsikasya' 4/1/51 se 'mu' kA Agama hogA, vaise 'hamma' dhAtu se 'yaG' hone para, 'jaMhammyate' prayoga meM bhI, 'murato'nunAsikasya' 4/1/51 meM anunAsika kI jAti grahaNa karane para, 'hamm' dhAtu ke akAra ke bAda, donoM makAra anta meM Aye hone para bhI 'murato'nunAsikasya' 4/1/51 se hI 'mu' kA Agama hogaa| __'jaMhammyate' ityAdi prayoga kI siddhi ke lie anya kisI vizeSa prayatna kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| ___ yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH kvacit/kadAcit varNagrahaNa se jAti kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'su' sahita kA 'ghiNuG' dhAtu udit hone se 'uditaH svarAnno'ntaH' 4/4/98 se 'na' kA Agama hogA aura vahI 'na' kA 'tavargasya zcavarga'-1/3/60 se 'Na' hogA, ataH 'sughiNNa' hogA / usase 'manvankvanivica kvacit' 5/1/147 se 'van' pratyaya hogA taba 'vanyAGpaJcamasya' 4/2/65 se paJcamajAti meM antya donoM 'paNa' kA grahaNa karane para donoM ke sthAna meM 'AG' Adeza hogA aura 'AG' 'Git' hone se antya 'i' kA guNa nahIM hone se 'sudhi A van = sughyAvan' zabda hogA, usakA prathamA vibhakti ekavacana meM 'sughyAvA' rUpa hogaa| aura jaba prastuta nyAya kA upayoga/prayoga nahIM hogA, taba 'paJcama' zabda se antya eka hI 'Na' kA grahaNa hogA aura 'vanyAG paJcamasya' 4/2/65 se antya 'Na' kA 'AG' hone para, 'nimittApAye naimittikasyApyapAyaH' nyAya se Agama svarUpa 'Na' kA 'n' hogA aura pariNAmataH 'sudhin A van = sudhinAvan' zabda hogA, usakA prathamA vibhakti ekavacana meM 'sudhinAvA' rupa bhI hogaa| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'kASThataGkSi kulAni' ityAdi prayoga meM 'n' kA Agama karane ke lie 'dhuTAM prAk' 1/4/66 meM, 'dhuTAM' meM kiyA gayA bahuvacana kA prayoga hai / yahA~, do yA adhika 'dhuT' ke samudAyarUpa'dhuT' kI jAti kA grahaNa karane ke lie, bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, isa prakAra 'dhuTAM prAk' 1/4/66 ke sthAna para 'dhuTaH prAk' svarUpa sUtra racanA kI saMbhAvanA thI / tathApi dhuDanta jAti svarUpa-aneka 'dhuT' kA grahaNa karane ke lie, 'dhuT' zabda ko bahuvacana meM rakhA, vaha, isa nyAya kI anityatA ko sUcita karatA hai| __ yahA~ 'varNagrahaNe' kahA, vaha kevala upalakSaNa hI hai, ataH kvacit viziSTa varNasamudAya ke grahaNa meM bhI jAti kA grahaNa hotA hai| udA. 'corayantaM prAyukta acUcurat' / yahA~ 'Ni' jAti kA Azraya liyA gayA hai / 'curaNa' dhAtu meM, 'curAdibhyaH' 3/4/17 se Nic hogA / bAda meM 'laghorupAntyasya 4/3/4 se guNa hone para 'cori' hogA, ataH 'corayantaM prAyukta' vigraha karane para 'cori' dhAtu se 'Nig' hogA aura 'adyatanI' kA 'di' pratyaya hone ke bAda 'Nizri'....3/4/58 se 'Ga' hogA arthAt yahA~ 'acor + Nic + Nig + Ga+ di' hai / yahA~ do 'Ni' hai / usameM se prathama 'Ni' dhAtu se avyavahita para meM hai kintu

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168 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 4/3/83 vaha 'Gaparaka' nahIM hai arthAt usake para meM Ga nahIM hai| jabaki dUsarA 'Ni' 'Ga paraka' hai arthAt usake ghara meM 'Ga' hai kintu vaha dhAtu se avyavahita para meM nahIM hai| ataH 'co' kA 'upAntyasyAsamAnalopi'4/2/35 hrasva nahIM hogA kyoMki sUtra meM 'Ge pare Nau' kA vidhAna kiyA hai, aura yadi 'poraniTi' 'pUrva ke 'Ni' kA lopa karane para 'Ga paraka Ni' prApta to hotA hai kintu dhAtu samAnalopi ho jAtA hai, ata: 'upAntyasyA' - 4/2/35 se upAntyahUsva nahIM hogA / yadi 'upAntyasyA- ' 4 / 2 / 35 sUtra meM 'Ni' se 'Ni' jAti kA grahaNa kiyA jAya to donoM 'Ni' eka hI mAnA jAyegA / ataH donoM 'Ni', Gaparaka hI mAne jAyeMge aura yadi donoM 'Ni' kA nimitta svarUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAya to, pUrva ke 'Ni' kA lopa hone para bhI dhAtu 'samAnalopi' nahIM hotA hai kyoMki 'Ni' ko chor3akara anya kisI 'samAnasvara' kA lopa hone para hI samAnalopitva prApta hotA hai / udA. 'kalimAkhyat acakalat' / yahA~ 'kali' zabda ke 'i' kA lopa, 'tryantyasvarAde: ' 7/4/43 se hogA, ataH vaha samAnalopa hogA / yahA~ ' acUcurat' meM Upara batAyA usI prakAra se samAnalopitva kA abhAva hote hI 'upAntyasyA' 4/2/35 se 'cu' rUpa meM hrasva hone ke bAda, 'dvirdhAtuH '... 4/1/1 se dvitva hone ke bAda pUrva ka laghunAmI svara kA 'laghordIrgho svarAdeH 4 / 1 / 64 se dIrgha hogA aura 'acUcurat' prayoga siddha hogA / isa nyAya ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa prakAra carcA karate haiM / 'pratyuccAraNaM zabdo bhidyate' ( pratyeka uccAraNa ke samaya zabda bhinna hotA hai ) aisI ukti, vyAkaraNazAstra meM kahIM kahIM pAyI jAtI hai / mahAbhASya meM bahuta se sthAna para aisA mAlUma par3atA hai / ataH jaba eka hI zabda kA bAra-bAra prayoga hotA hai, taba pratyeka ko bhinna mAnanA yA saba ko eka hI mAnanA, usake samAdhAna / nirAkaraNa ke lie yaha nyAya hai / eka hI 'a' kAra, pratyeka samaya para bhinna hotA hai aura hrasva, dIrgha, ityAdi bhedayukta bhI hotA hai / usI prakAra / vaise anya varNa bhI vaha kAlabheda, dezabheda yA guNabheda se bhinna bhinna hotA hai / ataH eka ke grahaNa se anya kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / una saba kA grahaNa karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / 'varNagrahaNa' arthAt varNatva kI vyApyajAti se avacchinna jo hotA hai, usakA grahaNa karane se usI jAti se avacchinna pratyeka jAti kA grahaNa hotA hai| loga meM bhI jAti pakSakA Azraya karake vyavahAra hotA hai aura vaha prasiddha bhI hai / ataH isa nyAya ke lie jJApaka kI apekSA nahIM hai / udA. 'devaH pUjyaH' prayoga meM devatva jAti kI vivakSA karane se pratyeka deva kA pUjyatva siddha hotA hai / tathApi zrImahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya se siddha honevAle prayoga kI siddhi ke lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai, use, isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA hai, aisA kahA gayA vaha ucita nahIM hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'yatnAntarAkaraNam' ko kadApi jJApaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate nahIM haiM / ve kahate haiM ki 'AcAryazrI ne isake lie koI prayatna nahIM kiyA hai, aisA kahane se usa nyAya se siddha honevAle prayoga meM anabhidhAnatva hai, aisA svIkAra karane kI Apatti AtI hai / aura AcArya zrI

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 64) 169 dvArA yA unake svayaM kathita zabda dvArA, unake dvArA ukta na ho aise nyAya kA bhI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai kintu aise gamaka/jJApaka ke abhAva meM apane Apa hI aise prayoga kI kalpanA karake, usakI siddhi ke lie koI prayatna nahIM kiyA hai, aisA anumAna lagAnA ucita nahIM hai / yadyapi isa nyAya kA AcArya zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne svayaM, svamukha se upadeza nahIM kiyA hai tathApi usakA artha 'audantAH svarAH' 1/1/4 sUtra ke bRhannyAsa meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / kAla aura zabda, ina do ke vyavadhAna se varNa meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai| udA. asaMhitA meM 'aiuvarNasyAnte'nunAsiko'nIdAdeH' 1/2/41 meM kAla rUpa vyavAya/vyavadhAna hai aura 'dRtiH' meM 'R' aura 'i' ke bIca 't' rUpa vyavadhAna hai kintu jaba eka hI varNa hotA hai taba vyavadhAna nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'a' / aba akele 'a' kA uccAra hotA hai taba udAtta, anudAtta, svarita, sAnunAsika, niranunAsika ityAdi guNa dvArA usa meM bhinnatA AtI hai / ataH kAla ke vyavAya se, aura udAtta anudAtta ityAdi guNa ke bheda se 'a' meM vividha prakAra hote haiM, ata: jisa guNaviziSTa 'a' kA varNasamAmnAya meM pATha kiyA ho, vahI guNaviziSTa ko hI vahI 'a' saMjJA hotI hai| ata: 'daNDAgram' ityAdi meM dIrgha kA abhAva hogA / isa zaMkA kA pratyuttara dete hue ve svayaM kahate haiM ki jAti kA Azraya karane se koI doSa paidA nahIM hogA / udA, udAtta ityAdi bheda/guNa se bhinna akAra ityAdi meM jAti samAna hone se unameM bhI 'a' ityAdi saMjJA kA vyavahAra hogaa| isa prakAra nyAya ke svarUpa ko na kahakara AcAryazrI ne nyAya kA artha de diyA usase jJApita hai ki yaha nyAya svataH siddha hai, ataH yahA~ jJApaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isa nyAya kI anityatA aura usake jJApaka kA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI pUrNatayA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki yaha nyAya niyama svarUpa nahIM hai, ataH sarvatra varNa ke grahaNa meM jAti kA grahaNa karanA hI cAhie / isa niyama kA Azraya nahIM karane se, kvacit varNagrahaNa meM vyakti pakSa kA Azraya karake prayogasiddhi ho sakatI ho to kara lenA, kintu isa nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya na lenA cAhie kyoMki aisA karane meM anityatA kA koI phala nahIM hai| yadyapi 'aniyame niyamakAriNI paribhASA' aisA artha bhI paribhASA/nyAya kA kiyA gayA hai, tathApi zAstra kA vyavahAra bahudhA lokavyavahAra ko anusaratA hai| ata: jahA~ taka loka ke anusAra vyavasthA ho sakatI ho to usI prakAra se vyavasthA karanA ucita hai, aisI zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatA hai| lokavyavahAra isa prakAra hai / loka meM 'ghaTo dravyam' kahane se ghaTatva se avicchinna pratyeka ghaTa meM dravyatva rahatA hai, aisA jJAna ho sakatA hai kintu 'ghaTamAnaya' kahA jAya to ghaTatva se avicchinna pratyeka ghaTa nahIM lAyA jA sakatA hai, kintu kevala eka hI ghaTa lAyA jAtA hai| vaise jahA~ jAtipakSa kA Azraya karane se lakSyasiddhi hotI ho vahA~ jAtipakSa kA Azraya karanA aura jahA~ vyaktipakSa kA Azraya karane se lakSya siddhi hotI ho vahA~ vyaktipakSa kA Azraya karanA arthAt saphala arthasAdhaka mArga kA yahA~ Azraya karanA / isa prakAra isa nyAya kA anityatva jJApaka dvArA siddha na karanA caahie|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) siddhama kI paraMparA meM jAtipakSa aura vyaktipakSa donoM sammata haiM / 'audantAH svarAH ' 1/1/ 4 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti tathA usake bRhanyAsa meM kahA hai ki Upara batAyA usI prakAra se jAtipakSa kA Azraya karane se saba varNa kA saMgraha ho jAtA hai, to 'a, A, i, I,..' meM dIrgha kA pATha kiyA vaha vyartha hogA kyoMki kevala 'a i u R lR ' kahane se hI usake sajAtIya dIrgha kA bhI samAveza ho hai / usakA pratyuttara dete hue ve svayaM kahate haiM ki 'jAtivyaktibhyAM ca zAstraM pravartate' arthAt zAstra meM jAtipakSa aura vyaktipakSa kA bhI Azraya kiyA gayA hai| usakA jJApana karane ke lie dIrgha kA bhI pATha kiyA hai / 170 isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke svarUpa meM 'dhuTAM prAk' 1/4/66 sUtra sthita bahuvacana ko mAnA hai / usake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha bahuvacana aisA sUcita karatA hai ki yahA~ koI dhuT meM vyaktipakSa kA Azraya karake kevala eka hI dhuT kA grahaNa na kareM kintu saMpUrNa dhuT jAti kA yahA~ Azraya karanA / saMkSepa meM, isa zAstra meM jAtipakSa aura vyaktipakSa donoM kI vyavasthA hone se usI prakAra se zAstra kI prakriyA kA nirvAha hotA hai tathApi varNa ke viSaya meM jAtipakSa kA Azraya batAnevAle, isa nyAya kA svanirdiSTa yukti dvArA yA laukika dRSTAnta se siddha karane ke bAda usake hI viSaya meM punaH vyaktipakSa kA Azraya karanA ucita nahIM hai aura usake lie koI pramANa nahIM hai / ataH vyaktipakSa ke Azraya ke bodhaka [ dhuTAM prAk 1/4/66 sUtragata ] bahuvacana, jAtipakSa ke Azraya kA anityatva bhI sUcita karatA hai, ataH vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA kA hI bodhaka hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isake bAre meM kahate haiM ki ApakI bAta sahI hai, usakA hama svIkAra karate haiM tathApi itanA vizeSa kahate haiM ki anya sAmAnya nyAya kI taraha yaha bhI kevala jJApaka siddha hone se isakI sarvatra pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| aura yaha nyAya lokasiddha artha ko batAnevAlA hone se, usameM viziSTa niyamana karane kI zakti nahIM hai, itanA hI hamArA kahanA I 'Ni' ko viziSTa varNasamudAya mAnanA yA kevala varNa mAnanA, isakI carcA jaise zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne kI hai vaise zrImahaMsagaNi ne bhI nyAsa meM usakI carcA kI hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'kecittu ' kahakara 'Ni' ko viziSTavarNasamudAya nahIM kintu varNa hI kahanA cAhie, aisI mAnyatAvAle kA mata dikhalAkara usakA khaMDana kiyA hai / kintu vahI mata kisakA hai vaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai kyoMki zrImahaMsagaNi ne to 'Ni' viziSTavarNasamudAya hI hai, aisA spaSTarUpa se pratipAdita kiyA 1 zrImahaMsagaNi ne nyAsa meM 'Ni' meM varNasamudAyatva hai yA nahIM ? isakI carcA karate hue batAyA hai ki 'Ni' meM 'N' lopa hone para kevala 'i' hI rahatA hai, ataH usakA 'varNagrahaNe jAtigrahaNaM' meM hI samAveza ho jAtA hai, ataH isake lie 'upalakSaNatvAt viziSTavarNasamudAye'pi jAtigrahaNam' aisA kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isa zaMkA kA pratyuttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki zAstra meM uccArita jo rUpa ho usakA hI

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 64) 171 grahaNa karanA cAhie aura usameM hI aucitya hai / udA. iT Azrita vidhi ko varNavidhi kahI nahIM hai kyoMki vaha viziSTavarNasamudAya hai / ataH yahA~ 'Ni' ke grahaNa ko bhI varNagrahaNa ke bajAya viziSTavarNasamudAya kA grahaNa hai aisA kahanA / / anyathA 'agrahIt' prayoga meM 'agraha i sa It' meM 'iTa Iti' 4/3/71 se 'sic' kA lopa hogA / isa prayoga kI sAdhanikA isa prakAra hai / graha dhAtu se 'adyatanI' 3/3/11 prathama puruSa ekavacana kA (anyadarthe ) 'di' pratyaya hogA, bAda meM 'di' ke pUrva meM 'sijadyatanyAm' 3/4/53 se sic hogA, aura 'saH sijasterdisyoH' 4/3/65 se 'sic' ke para meM Aye hue 'di' ke Adi meM 'It' hogA aura 'stAdyazito'troNAderiT' 4/4/32 se 'sic' ke Adi meM 'iT' hogA / bAda meM 'gRho'parokSAyAM dIrghaH' 4/4/38 se 'iT' dIrgha hogA / yahA~ 'iT Iti' 4/3/71 se 'sic' kA lopa karanA ho to, dIrgha kiye gaye 'iT' kA sthAnivadbhAva karanA paDegA, kintu yadi 'iT' Azrita siclopa ko varNavidhi mAneMge to 'iT' kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA kintu yahA~ 'iT' ko varNa na mAnakara, viziSzvarNasamadAya hI mAnA hai| ataH iTa Azrita sicalopa varNavidhi nahIM kahI jA kA sthAnivadbhAva hokara, niHsaMkoca 'iTa Iti' 4/3/71 se siclopa hogA / isa prakAra 'Ni' bhI kevala ikAra svarUpa nahIM kintu N aura i kA viziSTa varNasamudAya hI hai| sAmAnyatayA vaiyAkaraNoM meM vAjapyAyana ityAdi jAtipakSa meM mAnanevAle haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki zabda se jAti kA hI bodha hotA hai kintu vyakti kA bodha nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vyaktiyA~ ananta . hotI haiM, kintu una saba meM rahanevAlI jAti eka hI hotI hai| jabaki zabda meM vyakti mAnane se, ananta vyakti ke sAtha sambandha nahIM ho sakatA hai aura kisI bhI pramANa se kevala itanI hI vyakti kA grahaNa karanA aisA nirNaya/nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH isa zabda se yaha vyakti vAcya hai, aisA vAcyavAcaka sambandha grahaNa ho nahIM sakatA hai| aura jAti dravyavAcaka zabda meM aura dravya meM to hotI hI hai, kintu sAtha sAtha guNa, saMjJA, aura kriyAvAcaka zabda meM bhI jAti hotI hai aura vyakti, jAtirahita nahIM ho sakatI hai, ataH jAti ke grahaNa se vyakti kA grahaNa ho hI jAtA hai| jabaki vyaktivAdI, vyADi, pANini ityAdi kahate haiM ki zabda se vyakti hI vAcya hai kyoMki vaha anubhava siddha hai aura anupapatti ke pratisaMdhAna ke binA bhI usakI pratIti ho sakatI hai tathA kriyA Adi kA vyakti ke sAtha hI saMbaMdha saMbhava hai kintu jAti ke sAtha usakA sIdhA sambandha saMbhava nahIM hai| vyAkaraNazAstra meM kaunase pakSa kA svIkAra kiyA hai ? jAtipakSa yA vyaktipakSa ? siddhahema aura anya vyAkaraNa paramparA meM jAtipakSa aura vyaktipakSa donoM kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jAtipakSa kA svIkAra isa prakAra hai |-'jaatyaakhyaayaaN navaiko'saGkhyo bahuvat' 2/2/121 sUtra meM kahA hai ki jAti batAnevAle zabda kA vikalpa se bahuvacana hotA hai, yadi vaha saMkhyA yA vizeSaNa rahita arthAt

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172 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) akelA ho to / 'saMpanno yavaH, saMpannA yavAH / ' yahA~ jAti artha meM ekavacana kA hI prayoga kI saMbhAvanA hone se, usase bahuvacana karane ke lie isI sUtra kI racanA kI gaI hai, ata: 'saMpannA yavAH' prayoga bhI hogaa| yadi vyAkaraNa meM vyakti pakSa hI mAnya hotA to, 'yava' meM vyakti bAhulya hone se svAbhAvikatayA hI bahuvacana honevAlA hI thA, tathApi yaha sUtra banAyA, isase jJApita hotA hai ki vyAkaraNa meM jAti pakSa mAnya hai| yadi jAtipakSa akelA hI yahA~ mAnya hotA to 'syAdAvasaGkhyeyaH' 3/1/119 se ekazeSa samAsa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, tathApi vyaktipakSa bhI mAnya hone se pratyeka ke lie bhinna bhinna zabdaprayoga hogA / ataH 'ekazeSa' kA vidhAna karanA Avazyaka hai| jAtipakSa kA svIkAra karane para bhI bhinna bhinna arthavAle, sarUpa zabdoM meM 'ekazeSa' nahIM hogA / ataH ekazeSa kA vidhAna karanA Avazyaka hai aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki aisA mAnane se 'akSA bhujyantAm, bhajyantAm, dIvyantAm,' prayoga meM 'akSa' zabda bibhItaka ( ) artha meM zakaTAGga ( ) artha meM tathA devanAGga ( ) artha meM hai| ataH unakA 'ekazeSa' kadApi nahIM ho skegaa| ata eva aise prayoga meM eka hI akSatva jAti kA svIkAra karake usI zabda ke vAcya meM paramparA se vyakti kA jJAna hotA hai, aisA svIkAra karane se koI doSa paidA nahIM hotA hai / ___ 'jAti meM jAti rahatI nahIM hai, aisI mAnyatA naiyAyikoM kI hai kyoMki aisA karane se anavasthA doSa paidA hotA hai / ataH unhoMne aisI mAnyatA kA svIkAra kiyA hai kintu vaiyAkaraNa jAti meM bhI jAti mAnate haiM kyoMki una logoM kA aisA nahIM hai ki pratyeka jAti meM jAti honI hI caahie| ve kahate haiM ki jahA~ avacchedakatA se jAti meM jAti kI siddhi ho sakatI ho, vahA~ hI ise mAnanA, anyatra nahIM / saMkSepa meM samagra/saMpUrNa vyAkaraNa meM jAtipakSa aura vyaktipakSa donoM mAnya haiM kintu yaha nyAya kevala varNagrahaNa ke viSaya meM hai, ataH isake bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki usameM bhI donoM pakSa mAnya haiM / siddhahema meM 'audantAH svarAH' 1/1/4 sUtra meM Upara batAyA gayA hai usI prakAra se donoM pakSa mAnya kiye gaye haiM, vaise pANini vyAkaraNa meM bhI 'aiuN' sUtra-1 ke mahAbhASya meM pataMjali ne vyaktivAdiyoM ke matAnusAra akAra ityAdi meM saba bheda/prakAra batAkara, anta meM jAtipakSa dvArA samAdhAna kiyA hai| yaha nyAya kevala bhAvamizrakRta kAtaMtra paribhASAvRtti meM hI hai, anyatra kahIM bhI ise paribhASA ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA nahIM hai / // 65 // varNaikadezo'pi varNagrahaNena gRhyate // 8 // varNa ke grahaNa se varNa ke eka aMza kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / vRddha pravAda aisA hai ki 'R' ke madhya meM ardhamAtrAvAlA repha hai aura Age tathA pIche eka

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 65) 173 caturthAMza mAtrAvAle svara haiM / vaise hI 'lakAra' meM madhya meM ardhamAtrAvAlA 'la' hai aura Age tathA catarthAMza mAtrAvAle svara haiM / ataH jaise gAya becane se mAMsa nahIM becane kA niyama bhaMga nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki gAya meM mAMsa buddhi kA abhAva hai, vaise 'R', 'lu' ke grahaNa meM 'r, l' kA grahaNa prApta nahIM thA kyoMki 'R' aura 'la' meM, 'ratva' aura 'latva' buddhi kA abhAva hai| ataH 'R' aura 'lu' dvArA, 'ra' aura 'la' kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai usakA jJApana karanevAlA yaha nyAya hai|| udA. 'pralIyamAnam' prayoga meM jaise 'pra' aura 'na' ke bIca vyavadhAna hone se 'svarAt' 2/ 3/85 se 'na' kA 'Na' nahIM huA hai, vaise 'praklRpyamAnam' meM bhI 'svarAt' 2/3/85 se prApta 'na' ke 'Na' kA 'lu' ke vyavadhAna se, usake eka bhAga rUpa 'la' kA vyavadhAna svIkAra karake niSedha huA hai arthAt 'na' kA 'Na' huA nahIM hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'praktRpyamAnam' ityAdi prayoga meM 'raSavarNAnno NaH'....2/3/63 se 'raghuvarNAt' kI anuvRtti jisameM AtI hai aise 'svarAt' 2/3/85 se prApta Natva kA niSedha karane ke lie anya koI viziSTa prayatna nahIM kiyA hai, vahI 'yatnAntarAkaraNa' hai / / yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'kRtaH, kRtavAn' ityAdi meM 'radAdamUrcchamadaH ktayordasya ca' 4/ 2/69 se 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' ke 'ta' kA 'na' nahIM huA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'kR' ke 'R' meM Aye repha ke kAraNa 'radAdamUrcchamadaH'-4/2/69 se 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' ke 'ta' kA 'na' ho hI jAtA / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana 'raghuvarNAt'....2/3/63 sUtra meM repha aura RvarNa donoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai, usase hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to RvarNa meM bhI repha hone se repha kA hI grahaNa kiyA hotA to cala sakatA kintu isa nyAya kI anityatA batAne ke lie vaisA nahIM kiyA gayA hai / aura pANini ne bhI isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'Na' vidhAyaka sUtra meM, repha aura RvarNa donoM ke grahaNa karane ke bajAya kevala repha kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai aura 'raSAbhyAM no NaH' kahA hai, kyoMki RvarNa meM repha AyA huA hai / ata: usase para Aye 'na' kA 'Na' ho hI jaayegaa| isa nyAya kI vizeSa carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yahA~ isa nyAya meM do pakSa haiM / eka kahatA hai ki varNagrahaNa se usake ekadeza kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / dUsarA pakSa kahatA hai ki varNagrahaNa se usake ekadeza kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| hA~ 'kRtaH, kRtavAn' meM 'radAdamUrcchamadaH'.....4/2/69 se 'ta' kA 'na' hone kI AzaMkA taba hI paidA hotI hai, jaba prastuta nyAya ke astitva kA jJAna ho, aura to usI zaMkA ke nivAraNa ke lie samAdhAna khojanA Avazyaka hotA / yahA~ agrahaNapakSa' lene para yaha nyAya anitya hai, aisA siddha hotA hai, ata: 'kRtaH' meM sthit 'R' se repha kA grahaNa nahIM hogA, tabhI 'ta' kA 'na' bhI nahIM hogA / yadi koI isa nyAya ko nitya hI mAnatA hai, arthAt akele grahaNapakSa kA hI svIkAra karatA hai to, unake mata se bhI yahA~ 'natva' kA abhAva hogA, isako batAne ke lie yahA~ dUsarA samAdhAna rakhA hai / usameM kahA hai ki 'rephAtpareNa svarabhAgena vyavadhAnAd' arthAt 'R' ke grahaNa se repha kA

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174 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) grahaNa hone para bhI repha ke bAda turata meM/anantara 'ta' nahIM hai kintu bIca meM ekacaturthAMza mAtrAyukta svara hai, ataH 'ta' kA 'na' nahIM hogaa| yahA~ isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'ravarNAnno Na ekapade'nantyasyAlacaTatavargazasAntare' 2/3/63 meM 'ra' aura 'R' donoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai vahI hai, arthAt yahA~ isa nyAya ke agrahaNapakSa kA hI svIkAra hai| yadyapi pANini ne svayaM 'raSAbhyAM no NaH samAnapade' [pA. sU.8/4/1] sUtra kI racanA karake siddha kiyA hai ki unako isa nyAya kA grahaNapakSa hI sammata hai, ata eva jahA~ isa nyAya se yA anya prakAra se 'na' ke 'Natva' kI prApti hone para bhI 'Natva' iSTa na ho aise zabdoM kA eka svataMtra 'kSubhnAdi' gaNa batAyA hai / tathApi mahAbhASyakAra ko agrahaNa pakSa hI sammata hai, aisA bhASya dekhane se lagatA hai| grahaNapakSa aisA kahatA hai-ki yahA~ aisI zaMkA na karanI cAhie ki yadi sandhyakSara yA 'A' kAra ityAdi ke avayava kA pRthaggrahaNa kiyA jAyegA to 'agne, indra, vAyo udakam' ityAdi meM samAnadIrgha hone kI tathA 'AlUya, pralUya' ityAdi meM hUsvanimittaka 'ta' kA 'isvasya taH pitkRti'....4/ 4/113 Agama hone kI tathA 'vAcA tarati' ityAdi meM 'A' meM dvisvara mAnakara tannimittaka 'ikaN' hone kI Apatti AyegI / ataH usakA pratiSedha/niSedha karanA hogA kyoMki 'tailaM na vikretavyam, ghRtaM na vikretavyam' kahane se sarasava aura gAya se pRthag hue taila aura ghI ke vikraya kA niSedha hotA hai kintu taila sahita ke sarasava aura gAya ityAdi ke vikraya kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai, vaise yahA~ bhI samudAya ke avayava kA pArthakya grahaNa karane para bhI, saMpUrNa samudAya se, usake avayava sambandhita vidhi nahIM hogI / ataH kisI bhI prakAra kA doSa paidA nahIM hogA / isa prakAra grahaNapakSa nirdoSa hai aura zAyada yadi sandhyakSara aikAra meM, akAra aura ekAra tathA aukAra meM akAra aura okAra spaSTatayA pratIta hone se usase sambandhita kArya hogA, aisI kisIko zaMkA ho to, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki ai aura au meM pratIyamAna avayava kA svataMtra sandhyakSara se bhinna prayatna hone se donoM svataMtra haiM, aisA spaSTa pratIta hotA hai, ataH usameM samAna svara Azrita vidhi nahIM hogI / 'A'-kAra ityAdi meM usake avayava spaSTa pratIta nahIM hote haiM, ataH usake avayava kA svataMtra/bhinna grahaNa nahIM hogA aura sandhyakSara meM Upara batAyA usI prakAra ke prayatnabheda hone se usameM bhI avayava kA, samudAya (ekavarNa) se svataMtra grahaNa nahIM hogA / jabaki RkAra meM repha svataMtra pratIta hotA hai, ataH usakA svataMtra grahaNa hogaa| yaha grahaNapakSa kI mAnyatAvAle kA tarka hai / isake khilApha agrahaNapakSavAle kahate haiM ki vastutaH sandhyakSara, nRsiMha kI taraha bhinna hI hai| jaise nRsiMha meM nRtva kA yA siMhatva kA vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai kintu na jAti aura siMha jAti se eka svataMtra prakAra kI jAti kA hI vyavahAra hotA hai, vaise hI sandhyakSara meM akAra ityAdi avayava pratyabhijJA se svataMtra pratIta hote haiM tathApi vastutaH ve pRthak nahIM haiN| yaha pakSa kahatA hai ki sandhyakSara, akSaroM kA samudAya hai, aisI jo prasiddhi hai, va kevala

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 65 ) bhrAntimUlaka hI hai, aura isa bhrAnti ke kAraNa grahaNapakSa samupasthApita huA hai / isa agrahaNapakSa meM 'R' meM sthita repha kA svataMtra grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, aMta: 'AnRdhuH' ityAdi meM 'na' kA Agama karane ke lie, Natva ke lie Natvavidhi meM tathA 'kRp' dhAtu ke repha kA 'lR' Adeza karane ke lie tatsambandhita sUtra meM 'R' kA pRthak grahaNa karanA cAhie aura aisA na karane se kaise doSa paidA hote haiM, use dikhAkara, vahA~ vahA~ jJApaka ityAdi se kAryasiddha karake, mahAbhASyakAra ne agrahaNapakSa ko hI samarthita kiyA hai / uparyukta sabhI carcA pANinIya taMtra ke mahAbhASya kI hai, kintu siddhahema kI paramparA meM agrahaNapakSa hai yA grahaNapakSa hai, usakI carcA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne kI hai| unakI mAnyatAnusAra siddhama meM bhI agrahaNapakSa hI hai / unakA tarka isa prakAra hai : 175 1. 'AnRdhuH' ityAdi prayoga meM na kA Agama karane ke lie 'anAtonazcAnta RdAdyazau saMyogasya 4 / 1 / 69 meM RdAdi kA grahaNa kiyA hai / 2. 'ravarNAnno Na ekapade ...2 / 3 / 63 meM repha aura RR donoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai / 3. 'kRp' dhAtu ke 'R' aura 'r' kA anukrama se 'lU' aura 'lU' karane ke lie 'Rra lRlaM kRuiskRpITAdiSu' 2/ 3 / 99 sUtra meM kevala 'r' kA grahaNa kiyA hotA to cala sakatA tathApi 'R' kA bhI grahaNa kiyA hai, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sUtrakAra AcArya zrI ko agrahaNapakSa hI mAnya hai / ve dUsarI bAta yaha kahate haiM ki 'radAdamUrcchamadaH ' ... 4 / 2 / 69 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'rephAt pareNa svarabhAgena vyavadhAnAd vA' kahakara dUsarA samAdhAna rakhA hai, vaha bhI grahaNapakSavAle kI dRSTi se yaha prayoga kaise sahI hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie hI hai| kintu usase grahaNapakSa AcAryazrI ko sammata hai, aisA siddha nahIM hotA hai / tIsarI bAta yaha kahate haiM ki 'pralIyamAna' kI taraha 'praklRpyamAna' ityAdi meM 'Natva' kA niSedha karane ke lie hI yaha nyAya hai, kintu isa nyAya ke binA bhI Natva kA niSedha ho sakatA hai kyoM ki klRp meM sAkSAt / spaSTatayA lazruti vidyamAna hai / ise chor3akara anya kisI bhI kAraNavaza isa nyAya ke astitva kI saMbhAvanA pratIta nahIM hotI hai / zrImahaMsagaNi isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM dUsarI bAta yaha kahate haiM ki 'R' meM sthita repha kA repha ke svarUpa meM hI grahaNa karane para bhI ' kRtaH, kRtavAn' meM 'ta' kA 'na' nahIM hogA, kyoMki repha aura 'ta' ke bIca svara kA vyavadhAna hai tathApi zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne yahI vyavadhAna kevala ekacaturthAMza mAtrAyukta hone se, atyanta alpa hone ke kAraNa usakI vivakSA nahIM kI hai aura yaha bAta unhoMne 'radAdamUrcchamadaH '...4/2/69 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM kahe 'RkAraikadezabhUtasya rephasyAgrahaNAt ' vidhAna se spaSTa hotI hai / saMkSepa meM AcAryazrI ko agrahaNapakSa hI mAnya ho aisA pratIta hotA hai /

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176 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyana paribhASApATha va jainendraparibhASAvRtti ko chor3akara kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai / / // 66 // tanmadhyapatitastadgrahaNena gRhyate // 9 // prakRti ityAdi ke madhya meM sthita kA bhI prakRti ke grahaNa se, grahaNa hotA hai| eka yA aneka 'znA' ityAdi pratyaya dhAtu ityAdi ke bIca meM ho to, usa dhAtu ityAdi se jo kArya karanA ho, vahI kArya usI dhAtu se bhI hotA hai / dhAtu ke do avayavoM ke bIca pratyaya Adi Ane se dhAtu khaMDita ho gayA, aisA mAnA jAtA hai aura do kapAla/bhAga meM khaMDita ghaTa se pAnI nahIM lAyA jA sakatA hai, vaise khaMDita hue dhAtu se dhAtukArya nahIM ho sakatA, aisI mAnyatA ko dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / eka pratyaya bIca meM AyA ho aisA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai| udA. 'aruNat' yahA~ 'zna' pratyaya dhAtu ke do avayava 'ru' aura 'dh' ke bIca AyA hai tathApi dhAtu ke pUrva 'aDdhAtorAdimustanyAM cAmAGA' 4/4/29 se aTa hogA / 'aneka pratyaya bIca meM AyA ho aisA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai / udA. 'atRNeT' yahA~ 'tRh' dhAtu ke do avayava 'tR' aura 'h' ke bIca 'zna' pratyaya aura 'It' Aye haiM, tathApi dhAtu ke pUrva 'adhAtorAdi ....4/4/29 se 'aT' Agama hogA / kisIko yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki 'zna' pratyaya tathA 'zna' pratyaya aura 'It' karane se pUrva hI dhAtu ke pUrva/Adi meM aT' Agama kareMge to isa nyAya kA yahA~ avakAza hI kahA~ rahatA hai ? usakA pratyuttara dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki Apane jo zaMkA kI hai vaha vyartha hai kyoMki 'kRte'nyasmin dhAtupratyayakArye pazcAdvRddhistadbAdhyo'Tca' nyAya se aTa kA Agamana dhAtu sambandhita sarva kArya karane ke bAda hI hogA / ataH 'aD' kA Agamana prathama nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'tvamahaM sinA prAk cAkaH' 2/1/12 sUtragata 'prAk cAkaH' zabda hai| 'ak' pratyayAnta 'yuSmad' aura 'asmad' ke prathamA vibhakti ke 'si' pratyaya para meM hone para 'tvakam' aura 'ahakam' rUpa hI iSTa hai / yadi 'tyAdisarvAdeH svareSvantyAt pUrvo'k' 7/3/29 se 'ak' prathama karane para isa nyAya se 'ak' sahita 'yuSmad' aura 'asmad' kA 'tvam' aura 'aham' Adeza hogA to 'ak' kA vidhAna vyartha hogA aura zabda meM 'ak' hone para bhI nahIM sunA jAyegA, ataH 'ak' pratyaya karane se pUrva hI 'tvam' aura 'aham' Adeza ho tabhI hI 'tvakam' aura 'ahakam' hoMge / ata eva sUtra meM 'prAk cAkH' zabda rakhA hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'ak' pratyaya 'tvam' aura 'aham' Adeza karane se pUrva kiyA hotA, to bhI 'tvamahaM sinA-'2/1/12 sUtra se kevala 'yuSmad' aura 'asmad' kA tvaM, ahaM Adeza hotA aura 'ak' pratyaya rahatA hI kintu yaha nyAya hone se hI 'prAk cAkaH' rakhanA Avazyaka hai| ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai /

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 66 ) yaha nyAya nitya hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatAnusAra yaha nyAya lokasiddha aura jJApakasiddha hai, ata eva isakI anityatA nahIM hai / 177 pANinIya taMtra meM isa nyAya ko lokasiddha batAyA gayA hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki gaMgA ke grahaNa se gaMgA me praviSTa anya nadiyoM kA bhI grahaNa ho hI jAtA hai / tathA devadattA arthAt kisI strI ke grahaNa se usake udara meM sthita garbha kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra laukika dRSTAnta se siddha yaha nyAya, Upara batAyA usI prakAra jJApaka dvArA bhI siddha ho sakatA hai / vyADi ke 'paribhASAsUcana' meM yaha nyAya ( naM. 18 ) hai / isake alAvA 'tadbhaktastadgrahaNena gRhyate // 17 // nyAya bhI dekhane ko milatA hai aura 'tadekadezabhUtastadgrahaNena gRhyate ' // 62 // nyAya bhI hai / ye tInoM nyAya prAya: samAna haiM kintu zAkaTAyana paribhASA meM 'tadbhaktastadgrahaNena gRhyate' ke sthAna para 'tadAgamastadgrahaNena gRhyate ' // nyAya hai, ataH aisA nizcaya ho sakatA hai ki ' tadbhaktastad'nyAya Agama sambandhita hai kintu pratyaya sambandhita nahIM hai, jabaki yaha nyAya pratyaya sambandhita hai| isa prakAra donoM nyAya ke kSetra bhinna-bhinna hai / vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana meM yaha nyAya do bAra batAyA gayA hai, jabaki kAtaMtra va kAlApa paramparA meM yaha nyAya nahIM batAyA hai / // 67 // AgamA yadguNIbhUtAstadgrahaNena gRhyante // 10 // prakRti ke grahaNa se usake avayava bane hue Agama kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / jo 'Adi' zabda se yA 'anta' zabda se nirdiSTa ho, use Agama kahA jAtA hai| udA. 'aD dhAtorAdirhyastanyAM cAmAGA' 4/4/29 aura 'anAmsvare no'ntaH ' 1/4 / 64 ityAdi Agama, yahA~ bahuvacana 'atAntrika' hone se eka yA aneka Agama kA grahaNa karanA / jisa dhAtu yA nAma meM usI dhAtu yA nAma ke avayava svarUpa ho gayA ho, to usI dhAtu yA nAma ke grahaNa se, usake avayava svarUpa bane Agama kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai arthAt kevala dhAtu yA nAma se jo kArya hotA hai, vahI kArya Agamasahita dhAtu yA nAma se bhI hotA hai| yahA~ 'yadguNIbhUtAH ' zabda meM, lakSaNA dvArA 'guNa' zabda kA artha 'avayava' grahaNa karanA / 'Adi' zabda aura 'anta' zabda dvArA kiye gaye nirdeza kA phala batAnevAlA yaha nyAya hai / usameM eka Agama ho aisA udAharaNa 'praNyapatat' hai| yahA~ 'pra' aura 'ni' upasarga sahita 'pat' dhAtu hai / isa prayoga meM 'prani' aura 'pat' dhAtu ke bIca 'ad' Agama hone para bhI 'neGrmAdA- '2/ 3 / 79 se 'ni' kA 'Ni' hogA hI, kyoMki isa nyAya se 'pat' kahane se 'apat' kA bhI usameM grahaNa ho jAyegA kyoMki ad Agama pat dhAtu kA avayava ho jAtA hai| do Agama ho aisA udAharaNa 'praNyapanIpat' hai| yahA~ 'pat' dhAtu ke grahaNa se 'nI' aura 'aD' 16

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178 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) donoM Agama kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai kyoMki ve donoM pat dhAtu ke avayava ho gaye haiM / yahA~ 'aT' Agama 'Adi' zabda se aura 'nI' Agama anta zabda se nirdiSTa hai / yahA~ zaMkA kI jAtI hai ki 'nI' Agama aura 'aT' Agama kA grahaNa isa nyAya se ho jAtA hai kintu dvitvabhUta jo 'pa' hai usakA grahaNa isa nyAya se saMbhavita nahIM hai, kyoM ki vaha Agama nahIM hai, ataH pra ke bAda Aye hue ni upasarga kA Nitva karane meM vaha dhAtu aura ni ke bIca vyavadhAyaka hogA hI, to vahI vyavadhAna kisa prakAra dUra hogA ? yahI dvitvajanya pakAra ityAdi kA 'avyavadhAyitva' agale 'svAGgamavyavadhAyi' nyAya meM kahA jAyegA / isa prakAra agale udAharaNa meM bhI zaMkA aura samAdhAna jAna lenA / (isa prayoga kI sAdhanikA isa prakAra hai / pat dhAtu se 'vyaJjanAderekasvarAd bhRzAbhIkSNye yaG vA' 3/4/9 se yaG hogA, usakA 'bahulaM lup' 3/4/14 se lopa hogA / 'sanyaGazca' 4/ 1/3 se Adya 'pa' kA dvitva hogA / usameM 'vaJca -sraMsa-dhvaMsa -bhraMza-kasa-pata-pada-skando'nto nI:' 4/1/50 se dvitvabhUta 'pa' ke anta meM 'nI' Agama hogA, bAda meM adyatanI kA 'di' pratyaya hogA, usakA 'vyaJjanAddeH sazca daH' 4/3/78 se lopa hogA, aura 'aDdhAtorAdi-' 4/4/29 se aT Agama hogA, anta meM 'apanIpat' ke pUrva meM Aye aura 'pra' bAda Aye hue 'ni' kA 'nemAdA-' 2/3/ 79 se 'Ni' hogA / ) tIna Agama ho aisA udAharaNa- 'prani' pUrvaka ke 'yam' dhAtu ke yaGlubanta adyatanI meM prathama puruSa ekavacana kA 'di' pratyaya hone para - praNyayaMyaMsId hotA hai / ( yahA~ isa prayoga meM aT, mu aura s tIna Agama haiM / aT Agama- 'aDdhAtorAdi-' 4/4/29 se, mu Agama 'murato'nunAsikasya' 4/ 1/51 se aura sa Agama 'yamiraminamyAtaH' - 4/4/86 se hogA / ) yahA~ pra ke bAda Aye hue 'ni' kA 'Ni' 'akakhAdyaSAnte pAThe vA' 2/3/80 se hogA / (isa prayoga kI sAdhanikA pUrvavat hai kevala 'mu' Agama sambandhita 'm' kA 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau' 1/3/14 se aura dhAtu ke 'm' kA 'ziDhe'nusvAraH' 1/3/40 se anusvAra hogA aura 'yamiraminamyAta:'- 4/4/86 se 'sic' ke Adi meM iT hogA aura dhAtu ke anta meM 's' hogA, usase pUrva 'saH sijasterdisyoH ' 4/3/65 se adyatanI ke 'di' pratyaya ke Adi meM 'It' hotA hai, anta meM 'iTa Iti' 4/3/71 sic kA lopa hotA hai|) isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'seTa kvas' pratyaya kA 'uS' Adeza karane ke lie 'kvasuS matau ca' 2/1/105 se bhinna anya koI sUtra nahIM kiyA hai, vaha hai| vaha isa prakAra hai- 'kvasuS matau ca' 2/1/105 se aniT 'kvas' kA 'uS' Adeza 'babhUvuSI' ityAdi prayoga meM siddha hotA hai kintu 'pecuSI' ityAdi meM 'pecivas' ke 'ghasekasvarAtaH kvasoH' 4/4/82 se hue 'iT' sahita ke 'kvas' ke pratyaya sambandhita 'iTa' dikhAI nahIM detA hai / ata: usI 'iTa' ke lopa ke lie yA seT 'kvas' ke uS Adeza ke lie koI sUtra honA cAhie kintu usake lie anya koI bhI sUtra nahIM hai, vaha

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'saga dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 67) 179 isa nyAya se 'seTa kvas' kA 'uS' Adeza 'kvasuS matau ca' 2/1/105 se hI ho jAyegA aisI AzA se hI anya sUtra nahIM kiyA hai| yaha nyAya vyabhicArI arthAt anitya hai| ataH 'veH skando'ktayoH' 2/3/51 se Satva vidhi meM 'skanda' dhAtu kA grahaNa karane para bhI 'aT' sahita 'skanda' dhAtu meM Satva vidhi nahIM hotI hai aura 'vyaskandat' prayoga hotA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana 'upasargAtsumsuvasostustubho'Tyapyadvitve' 2/3/39 sUtra meM ukta 'aTyapi' zabda se hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai : ___ 'abhyaSuNod' ityAdi prayoga meM 'aT' vyavadhAna ho to bhI Satva hotA hai| usakA jJApana karane ke lie sUtra meM 'aTyapi' rakhA hai| yadi yaha nyAya sthira hotA to 'sug' ke grahaNa se hI 'aT' sahita bhI grahaNa siddha thA. to 'aTa' kA vyavadhAna nahIM hotA. ataH 'aTyapi' kahane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, tathApi 'aTyapi' kahA, vaha yaha nyAya anitya hone se kevala 'sug' kahane se 'aT' sahita 'sug' kA grahaNa na hotA, to 'aT' ke vyavadhAna ke kAraNa 'abhyaSuNot' meM Satva nahIM hogA, aisI saMbhAvanA kA vicAra karake sUtra meM 'aTyapi' kahA hai / ___'Agamo'nupaghAtI' nyAya bhI hai arthAt Agama upadhAta nahIM karatA hai / udA. bhavAn, bhavatu zabda meM 'RduditaH' 1/4/70 se 'na' Agama karane se 'atu', 'antu' svarUpa ho jAtA hai tathApi 'n' Agama anupaghAtI hone se 'abhvAderatvasa: sau' 1/4/90 se 'atu', antalakSaNa dIrgha hogA hI, kintu isa nyAya kA bhI yahA~ hI antarbhAva ho gayA hai, kyoMki donoM nyAya samAna phaladAyaka haiN| 'Agama' ke anupaghAtitva kA artha isa prakAra hai- Agama, apane vyavadhAna ke kAraNa jisa kArya meM vighna AtA hai, vahI kArya karate samaya upaghAta arthAt prakRti ko nukasAna yA khaMDita karatA nahIM hai aura yadi Agama ko zabda yA dhAtu yA prakRti kA avayava hI mAna liyA jAya to, avayavI svarUpa prakRti kA grahaNa karane se hI usI Agama kA bhI grahaNa ho jAya to vahI Agama vyavadhAna banatA nahIM hai / ataH usakA anupaghAtitva siddha ho jAtA hai| isa nyAya ko pANinIya paramparA meM lokasiddha batAyA hai / 'devadatta' ke grahaNa se usake adhikAMza aMga kA bhI grahaNa ho hI jAtA hai, usI prakAra se vyAkaraNa meM avayavatva ke bodhaka 'Adi' aura 'anta' zabda se vihita Agama meM avayavatva A jAtA hai / ataH usase viziSTa kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai aura usameM hI aucitya hai, aisI zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatA hai| ___ isa nyAya kI anityatA kA khaNDana karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki vastutaH 'upasargAt sugsuvaso' 2/3/39 sUtra meM 'aTyapi' zabda rakhane kA kAraNa bhinna hI hai / yahA~ 'upasargAt' arthAt upasarga se avyavahita para meM dhAtu honA cAhie, aisA nahIM kintu dhAtu sambandhita sakAra honA cAhie, arthAt avyavahita paratva dhAtu kA nahIM kintu 'sa'kAra kA lenA hai / ata: aT Agama karane se 'sa'kAra avyavahita para meM nahIM AyegA, to 'sa' kA 'Sa' nahIM ho sakatA hai, vahI

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180 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) Satva karane ke lie 'aTyapi' kahanA Avazyaka hai aura isa prakAra 'aTyapi' zabda se isa nyAya kI anityatA kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai tathA ve: skando'ktayoH' 2/3/51 se 'vyaskandat' ityAdi meM Satva kI prApti hI nahIM, ataH usameM Satva kA niSedha karane ke lie isa nyAya ko anitya banAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| zAyada kisI sthAna para isa nyAya ko anitya mAnane kI AvazyakatA pratIta ho to 'ato ma Ane' 4/4/114 sUtra ke sAmarthya se hI isa nyAya kI anityatA siddha ho sakegI. ataH 'zayiSyamANaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'ma' Agama ko 'zayiSya' ke akAra ke rUpa meM hI mAna liyA jAya to 'zayiSyANaH' prayoga hI hotA, to 'ma' Agama vyartha hotA / vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karatA hai| yahA~ aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ma Agama ke vidhAna ke sAmarthya se hI 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi kA bAdha hogA, ataH isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana nahIM ho sakegA, kyoMki vaisA karane se sAkSAt zAstra kA bAdha hogA aura zAstra ke bAdha kI kalpanA karanA, usase nyAya ke anityatva kI kalpanA karane meM aucitya hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'upasargAt sug'-2/3/39 sUtragata 'aTyapi' zabda ko isa nyAya kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, usake lie unhoMne isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM tarka prastuta karate hue batAyA hai ki zAyada koI aisA kahe ki sUtrakAra AcAryazrI ne 'nAmyantasthA'-2/3/15 sUtra meM 'ziDnAntare'pi' kahA hai, usI adhikAra se yahA~ anya varNa ke vyavadhAna ko mAnya nahIM kiyA hai| ata: 'aT' ke vyavadhAna meM Satva hone kI prApti hI nahIM hai / ata eva yahA~ sUtra meM 'aTyapi' kahA hai / ataH isa 'aTyapi' zabda se kisa prakAra isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana ho sakegA ? isa zaMkA kA pratyuttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'suga' ityAdi ke grahaNa se 'aT' sahita 'suga' ityAdi kA grahaNa siddha hone se 'aT' dvArA vyavadhAna hotA hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ataH isa 'aTyapi' ko jJApaka mAnA vahI ucita hai / / isakA tAtparyArtha isa prakAra hai- 'abhyaSuNot' ityAdi meM AcAryazrI ko Satva hI iSTa hai| usakA 'ziDnAntare'pi' ke adhikAra se anya varNa ke vyavadhAna kI anumati prApta nahIM hone se 'aT' ke vyavadhAna se Satva kA niSedha ho jAtA hai, usI niSedha ko yaha 'AgamA yadguNIbhUtA' nyAya se dUra kiyA, tathApi nyAya kI anityatA ke kAraNa se AcAryazrI ko yakina na huA, ataH sUtra meM Satva ke lie 'aTyapi' kahA hai| nyAsagata, zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI uparyukta bAta kA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne pUrNatayA khaMDana kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki 'upasargAt'- 2/3/39 sUtra kI vRtti ityAdi kA vicAra karane para sUtrokta 'aTyapi' zabda sArthaka hone se isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karane meM vaha samartha nahIM hai / isa sUtra kI vRtti kA artha isa prakAra hai- yadi dvitva na huA ho to upasargasthita 'nAmI, antasthA' aura 'ka-varga' se para Aye hue 'sa' kA 'Sa' hotA hai, yadi vaha 'sug' ityAdi dhAtu sambandhita ho to, 'aTyapi' aT Agama rUpa vyavadhAna hone para bhI Satva hotA hai| aura 'ziDnAntare'pi' ke adhikAra

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___181 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 67) se 'aT' ke vyavadhAna meM Satva kI prApti nahIM thI, ataH yahA~ 'aTyapi' kahA hai| sUtra ke anusAra yahA~ 'sa' kA, upasargasthita nAmI, antasthA aura kavarga se avyavahita paratva hI Satva kA nimitta hai aura 'aT' ke vyavadhAna se vahI avyavahita paratva kA bAdha hotA hai, use dUra karane ke lie 'aTyapi' kahA hai, ataH vahI sArthaka hai, aisA bRhadvRtti kA Azaya hai / 'Agamo'nupaghAtI' nyAya ko zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'AgamA yadguNIbhUtA' nyAya ke samAnArtha mAnakara, usameM hI usakA samAveza kiyA hai, usakA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne khaMDana kiyA hai| yahA~ 'bhavatu' zabda se, 'RduditaH'1/4/70 se 'na' Agama hogA taba bhavatu kA atvantatva khaMDita nahIM hogA aura atvanta nimattaka dIrgha abhvAderatvasaH sau' 1/4/90 se hogA / anupaghAtitva kA artha batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate hai ki 'svavyavadhAnahetukaM yathAprAptakAryANAmupaghAtamAgamo na karoti / ' yadi Agama ko tatsambandhita nAma yA dhAtu svarUpa prakRti ke avayava svarUpa mAna liyA jAya to vahI Agama prakRti ke kisI bhI kArya meM vyavadhAna nahIM banatA hai / ataH uparyukta vyAkhyAnusAra vahI Agama anupAghAtI kahA jAtA hai / isake bAre meM TippaNI karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'bhavAn' ityAdi rUpa meM 'Agamo'nupaghAtI' nyAya kA koI phala nahIM hai kyoMki 'na' Agama kA vidhAna karanevAlA sUtra 'RduditaH' 1/4/70 se dIrghavidhAyaka 'abhvAderatvasa: sau' 1/4/90 para hai / ata: vahI balavAn hokara dIrghavidhi prathama hogI bAda meM na Agama hogA / ataH isa nyAya kI vahA~ koI AvazyakatA nahIM haiM / 'parAnnityam' nyAya bhI yahA~ pravRtta nahIM hotA hai / parakArya se nityakArya balavAn hai, tathA Agamavidhi prathama hogI aisA na kahanA kyoMki Agamavidhi prathama hogI to 'bhavAn' meM atvantatva kA vighAta hone se dIrghavidhi anavakAza hogI, ataH vaha apavAdazAstra hogA, aura nityazAstra se apavAdazAstra balavAn hotA hai, ataH dIrgha hI prathama hogA aura 'na' Agama bAda meM hogA / yadi Agama ko isa nyAya se avyavadhAyaka mAnA jAya, to 'ato ma Ane' 4/4/114 se honevAle 'ma' Agama kI vyarthatA hogI, ataH yaha nyAya, Agama ke avyavadhAyakatva kA kathana karanevAlA nahIM hai. kinta Agama ke svabhAvasida anapaghAtittva kA kathana karanevAlA mAnanA vaha isa prakAra hai / vyAkaraNazAstra meM Adeza ko zatruvat mAnA hai aura Agama ko mitravat mAnA hai / Adeza jisakA hotA hai use vaha dUra karake usake sthAna meM vaha svayaM AtA jAtA hai, ataH vaha zatrusamAna hai kyoMki jaise zatru rAjA, anya rAjA ko gAdI se, uThAkara svayaM gAdI/siMhAsana para birAjamAna hotA hai, vaisA hI Adeza ke viSaya meM hai| jabaki Agama kisIke sthAna para nahIM hotA hai arthAt jahA~ hotA hai vahA~, usake pAsa baiTha jAtA hai, ataH vaha kisIkA upadhAta nahIM karatA hai| saMkSepa meM, 'mitravadAgamaH' nyAya kA hI yaha nyAya anuvAda karatA hai, kintu anya kucha nUtana

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182 pratipAdana nahIM karatA hai / yaha nyAya pratyeka paribhASAsaMgraha meM prApta hai| kevala zAbdika parivartana kucheka sthAna para kiyA gayA hai / nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) // 68 // svAGgamavyavadhAyi // 11 // dhAtu ityAdi kA apanA aGga usI dhAtu ityAdi sambandhita kArya karane meM vyavadhAyaka nahIM hotA hai / dvitva ityAdi svarUpayukta dhAtu ityAdi kA apanA aGga, usI dhAtu ityAdi aGgI sabandhita kArya karane meM vyAghAta karatA nahIM hai / 'svAGga' honekA yahI phala hai, aisA dikhAnevAlA yaha nyAya hai 1 prakRti sambandhita kArya karate samaya usI prakRti kA apanA hI aGga vyavadhAna banatA ho to, vahI vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jAtA hai aura kArya hotA hI hai / udA. 'saMcaskAra' yahA~ 'sam' upasarga se 'kR' dhAtu hai / yahA~ 'ssad' kA Agama antaraGga hone se prathama hogA, ataH 'sam ssaT kR' hogA | aba jaba parokSA kA 'Nav' pratyaya hogA taba dvitva vidhi prathama hogI kyoMki vaha para aura nitya hai aura kevala dhAtu Azrita hone se antaraGga bhI hai / ataH 'ssaTi sama:' 1/3/12 aura 'luk' 1 / 3 / 13 pravRtta hone se pahale dvitva hogA / bAda meM 'Rto't ' 4/1/38 se 'R' kA 'a' aura 'kaGazcaJ' 4/1/46 se 'ka' kA 'ca' hokara 'sam caskR a' hogA / aba isa nyAya ke bala se dhAtu ke aGga svarUpa dvitva se utpanna 'ca' kA vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, ataH 'nimittAbhAve naimittikasyApyabhAvaH ' nyAya se ssaT kI nivRtti nahIM hotI hai / dhAtu ke pUrva meM 'ssaT' Agama tabhI hI hotA hai ki jaba 'sam' aura dhAtu ke bIca Anantarya ho / yadi dvitva se utpanna varNa yA varNasamudAya kA vyavadhAna ke svarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAya to 'sam' aura 'kR' dhAtu ke bIca Anantarya kA abhAva hone se 'ssad' kI nivRtti hotI hI hai / isa nyAya kA jJApana 'neGrmAdApatapada'.....2/3 / 79 sUtra kA, upanyAsa 'dvitve'pyante'pyaniteH parestu vA' 2/3/81 ke pUrva kiyA gayA, usase hotA hai, yahA~ yadi 'dvitve'pyante'- -2/3/81 sUtra kA sthApana pahale kiyA hotA to, 'dvitve'pi' kI anuvRtti 'nermAdA.....' 2 / 3 / 79 sUtra meM AtI to 'praNipatati' kI taraha 'praNipapAta' meM bhI 'ni' kA 'Ni' niH saMkoca hotA, kintu isa prakAra usakI anuvRtti ke binA hI, yaha nyAya hone se 'dvitve'pyante' - 2/3/81 se pUrva hI 'nermAdApata'2/ 3 / 79 sUtra rakhA hai, tathApi iSTaprayogasiddhi hotI hai 'praNipatati' meM jaise 'ni' kA 'Ni' kiyA hai vaise 'praNipapAta' meM 'ni' kA 'Ni' iSTa hI hai aura vahI 'ni' kA 'Ni' taba hI saMbhavita hotA, jaba 'dvitve'pyante - ' 2/3/81 sUtra ke bAda 'nermAdApata'- 2/3/79 sUtra rakhA hotA, kyoMki vaisA karane se 'dvitve' pe' kI anuvRtti 'nermAdApata

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 68) 183 2/3/79 sUtra meM AtI to 'dur' ko chor3akara anya upasarga aura 'antar' zabda sthita 'ra, Sa' aura 'R' varNa se para Aye hue 'ni' kA 'Ni' usake bAda Aye hue GmA, dA, pata - ityAdi dhAtu kA dvitva hone para bhI nirvivAda/ni:saMkoca hotA, kintu aisA nahIM kiyA hai , vahI jJApana karatA hai ki 'svAGgamavyavadhAyi' nyAya hone se, dvitvabhUta dhAtu kA pUrva bhAga usI dhAtu kA aGga hone se, vaha 'prani' aura dhAtu ke bIca vyavadhAyaka nahIM hogA aura jaise 'praNipatati' meM 'ni' kA 'Ni' hotA hai, vaise 'praNipapAta' meM nirvighna 'ni' kA 'Ni' hogaa| svAGga ho, vahI avyavadhAyi banatA hai, kintu parAGga ho to usakA vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna hI mAnA jAtA hai| __udA. 'saMcaskAra', yahA~ 'ca', 'kR' dhAtu kA aGga banegA, ataH Upara batAyA usI taraha sam aura ka ke bIca honevAle 'ssaTa' Agama ke lie vyavadhAna svarUpa nahIM hogA kyoMki vahI kArya kRnimittaka hai , kintu 'ssaTi samaH' 1/3/12 se jaba 'sam' ke 'm' kA 's' karanA ho taba aura 'luk' 1/3/13 se jaba 'sam' ke 'm' kA lopa karanA ho, taba dvitva se utpanna 'ca' 'ssaT' yA 'sam' do meM se kisIkA apanA svAGga nahIM hone se 'm' kA sakAra aura 'm' kA lopa karate samaya vyavadhAna mAnA jAyegA / ata: 'sam' ke 'm' kA 's' aura lopa nahIM hogaa| yaha nyAya anitya hone se Satva vidhi ke 'veH skando'ktayoH' 2/3/51 sUtra meM dvitva sahita skanda dhAtu kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hone se viciskantsati' ityAdi prayoga meM Satva nahIM hogA / isa nyAya ke vyabhicArItva/anityatA kA pratiSThApaka/jJApaka 'pratitaSThau' ityAdi prayoga meM svAGga svarUpa dvitva kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI Satva karane ke lie 'sthA-seni-sedha-sica-saJjAM dvitve'pi' 2/3/40 meM 'dvitve'pi' kahA, vaha hai / yahA~ 'sthA' ityAdi kA dvitva hone para bhI, usakA dvitvabhUta svAGga kvacit isa nyAya kI anityatA ke kAraNa vyavadhAna svarUpa hone para bhI isI sUtra se usake 'sa' kA 'Sa' hogA hI usakA jJApana karane ke lie 'dvitve'pi' kahA hai| pUrva ke 'AgamA yadguNIbhUtA:'-nyAya kA hI yaha viziSTa prakAra/prapaMca/vistAra hai / pUrva nyAya meM Agama ko nAma yA dhAtu svarUpa prakRti ke aGga mAna lene para ve vyavadhAyaka nahIM hote haiM aura yahA~ dvitva ityAdi se utpanna mUla dhAtu sambandhita kintu dhAtu se bhinna adhika varNa yA varNasamudAya svAGga banatA hai aura vaha avyavadhAyi hotA hai / isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'nermAdA-2/3/79 aura 'dvitve'pyante' -2/3/81 sUtroM ke sthApanA/racanAkrama ko batAyA hai / isake bAre meM TippaNi karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha nyAya koI apUrva kathana nahIM hai, kintu parokSA ityAdi meM dhAtu kA dvitva hone ke bAda, vahI dvitvabhUta vyaJjana yA svara, prakRti ke apane aGga svarUpa hone se vahI dhAtu nimittaka kArya karane meM vyavadhAna nahIM karatA hai / jaise devadatta apane aGga dvArA tirohita nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH yaha nyAya

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184 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) svataH siddha hai, isalie jJApaka kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| Upara batAyA usI prakAra se sUtroM kA sthApanAkrama/racanAkrama svarUpa jJApaka bhI samucita nahIM lagatA hai| upasarga aura dhAtu ke bIca sambandha kaba kiyA jAya ? isake bAre meM do mAnyatAe~ haiM / kucheka kahate haiM ki 'pUrvaM dhAturupasargeNa yujyate pazcAtsAdhanena / ' to anya kucheka kahate haiM ki 'pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate, pazcAdupasargeNa / ' aba 'pUrvaM dhAturupasargeNa yujyate pazcAtsAdhanena' isI pakSa kA Azraya karane para dhAtu aura upasarga kA yoga prathama hone se, una donoM ke sambandhanimitta 'ni' kI Natvavidhi prathama hogI kyoMki vaha antaraGga kArya hai / bAda meM dhAtu kA dvitva hogA / isa prakAra jaise 'praNipatati' meM Natvavidhi hogI, vaise 'praNipapAta' meM bhI isa nyAya kI pravRtti ke binA hI, Natva vidhi ho sakatI hai / ataH 'neGrmAdA'- 2/3/79 sUtra meM 'dvitve'pi' kI anuvRtti kA koI prayojana nahIM hai, ataH usI sUtra meM 'dvitve'pi' kA abhAva aura isa prakAra ke sUtroM kA racanAkrama/ sthApanAkrama isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| aura 'prANiNiSati' ityAdi prayoga meM dvitIya nakAra ke Natva kI siddhi ke lie 'dvitve'pi' kahanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki 'adurupasargasthAdantaHzabdasthAcca rAdeH-' arthAt 'dur' ko chor3akara anya upasarga aura antar zabdasthita repha, SakAra aura RvarNa se para Aye hue 'na' kA 'Na' karanA hai| 'prANiNiSati' meM dvitIya nakAra aura pUrva ke upasarga meM sthita repha ke bIca 'Na' kA vyavadhAna hai ataH Natva kI prApti nahIM hai, usI Natva kI prApti karAne ke lie 'dvitve'pi' kahanA Avazyaka hai| yahA~ 'prANiNiSati' meM 'pUrvaM dhAturupasargeNa yujyate pazcAtsAdhanena', usI siddhAntAnusAra pahale Natvavidhi hogI bAda meM dvitva Adi hogA, to dvitva 'Ni' kA hogA kintu 'nimittApAye naimittakasyA'pyapAyaH' nyAya se puna: 'ni' ho jAyegA, ataH usI 'ni' kA 'Ni' karane ke lie sUtra meM 'dvitve'pi' kahanA Avazyaka hai| yahA~ dUsarA mata svIkArane para aniniSati' rUpa siddha karane ke bAda pra upasarga se use jor3ane para prathama 'ni' kA 'Ni' niHsaMkoca ho sakegA kintu dvitIya 'ni' kA 'Ni' nahIM hogA kyoMki 'lakSye lakSaNaM sakRdeva pravartate' nyAya hone se sUtra kI eka hI bAra pravRtti hogI, ataH dvitIya 'ni' kA 'Ni' karane ke lie sUtra meM 'dvitve'pi' kahanA Avazyaka hai / 'praNipapAta' prayoga ke lie pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate pazcAdupasargeNa' mata svIkAra karane para bhI dvitvabhUta 'pa' meM anyatva buddhi paidA ho sakatI nahIM, ataH vahA~ bhI Natvavidhi hogI / yahA~ zAyada isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA saMbhava hai tathApi Upara batAyA usI prakAra sUtrapATha ke krama kA jJApakatva ucita nahIM hai| saMcaskAra' prayoga meM isa nyAya kA phala zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai, usake bAre meM TippaNI karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate hai ki 'saMcaskAra' prayoga meM isa nyAya kA phala batAnA, usase yaha

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.68) 185 kahanA ucita hai ki 'pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate pazcAdupasargeNa' mAnyatA ke pakSa meM 'praNipapAta' ityAdi prayoga kI siddhi isa nyAya se hotI hai, kyoMki 'saMcaskAra' meM 'kR' ke dvitvanimittaka 'ca' kA vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / isa prayoga meM laukika dRSTAnta se kAma cala sakatA hai, aisA ve kahate haiN| jaise loka meM nimitta/kAraNa ke nAza se kArya kA nAza nahIM hotA hai kintu vahI kArya vaisA hI rahatA hai. aura 'jAtasaMskAro na nivartate' rUpa anya nyAya bhI prApta hai. ataH 'saMcaskAra ' meM 'ca' kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI 'ssaT' kI nivRtti nahIM hotI hai yA nimittApAye' nyAya kI anityatA kahane se hI koI doSa paidA nahIM hogA aura yaha phala bhI anyathA siddha nahIM mAnA jaay| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'saMcaskAra' prayoga meM dvitvanimittaka 'ca' ko dhAtu kA hI aGga mAnA hai| aura vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI hai| jaise 'praNipapAta' meM isa nyAya kA phala zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne mAnya kiyA hai, vaise yahA~ bhI 'pUrvaM dhAtuH sAdhanena yujyate pazcAdupasargeNa', mAnyatA/siddhAMta ke pakSa meM 'cakAra' rUpa siddha karane ke bAda 'sam' upasarga Ane para 'ssaTa', 'kAra' ke pUrva meM hogaa| 'saMpare: kRga: ssaT' 4/4/91 meM 'saMpareH' meM paJcamI vibhakti hai, ataH 'ssaT' avyavahita para meM Aye hue 'kR' ke Adi meM hogA jabaki yahA~ 'sam' aura 'kR' (kAra) ke bIca 'ca' kA vyavadhAna hai| isa nyAya se 'ca' kA vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, ata: 'sam' aura 'kAra' kA paraspara Anantarya mAnA jAyegA / ata eva 'kAra' ke Adi meM 'ssaT' Agama hogA / ataH isa prayoga ke lie laukika dRSTAnta aura 'jAtasaMskAro na nivartate' aura 'nimittApAye-' nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya lene kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, aisA koI kaha sakatA hai| kintu isake bAre meM adhika vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne upasarga aura dhAtu ke sambandha ke bAre meM jina do mAnyatAe~ batAI, vahI donoM mAnyatAe~ vyAkaraNazAstra meM prasiddha hone para bhI, donoM nirbala bhI hai| do meM se koI bhI eka siddhAMta/mAnyatA itanI prabala nahIM hai ki jisakA nizcitarUpa se grahaNa kiyA jA ske| isa nyAya kA svIkAra karanA ho to Upara batAyA usI prakAra 'dhAtuH pUrvaM sAdhanena yujyate pazcAdupasargeNa' siddhAMta nizcita karanA hogA / isI siddhAMta ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'Asyate guruNA' prayoga meM 'As' dhAtu akarmaka hai aura 'upAsyate guruH' prayoga meM 'As' dhAtu sakarmaka bana jAtA hai, vaha kaise hotA hai ? aura 'gam' dhAtu kA 'gacchati' karate hai taba parasmaipada hotA hai aura 'saMgacchate' rUpa karate haiM taba Atmanepada ke pratyaya hote haiM / yadi 'dhAtuH pUrvaM sAdhanena yujyate pazcAdupasargeNa' mAnyatA ke pakSa kA svIkAra karane para, pahale 'As' dhAtu se bhAva meM pratyaya karanA hogA, bAda meM upasarga se yukta kiyA jAyegA taba, usI bhAva meM hue pratyaya ko karma meM huA pratyaya kaise mAnA jAyegA ? aura 'gacchati' meM parasmaipada ke pratyaya se 'gacchati' rUpa siddha karane ke bAda, use 'sam' upasarga se yukta karane para 'saMgacchate' kaise hogA ? isI paristhiti meM 'pUrva dhAturupasargeNa yujyate pazcAtsAdhanena'

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186 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) pakSa kA hI svIkAra karanA par3egA / 'saMcaskAra' prayoga meM bhI isI pakSa kA Azraya karanA par3egA, aura vahI jyAdA ucita hai / pANinIya taMtra meM mukhyatayA isI pakSa kA Azraya kiyA gayA hai / vaise hI yahA~ kiyA jAyegA to 'kR' dhAtu se pahale 'sam' upasarga hogA aura upasarga ke Agamana ke sAtha hI 'saMpareH kRgaH ssaT' 4/4/91 se 'ssaT' kA Agama hogA, aura bAda meM 'saMcaskAra' meM parokSA ke pratyayanimittaka dvitva Adi hogA aura 'samaskarot' ityAdi meM hastanI ke pratyayanimittaka 'aD' Agama ityAdi bhI bAda meM hoMge / ve hoMge taba bhI 'nimittApAye naimittikasyApyapAya:' nyAya se 'ssaTa' kI nivRtti nahIM hogI kyoMki 'nimittApAye-' nyAya anitya hai| aura 'praNipapAta' prayoga meM bhI isa pakSa kA Azraya karane se Upara batAyA usI prakAra isa nyAya kA koI prayojana nahIM rahatA hai / isa prakAra isa nyAya ke binA bhI koI doSa na paidA hotA ho to bhI isa nyAya ko lokasiddha nyAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhie, kintu jJApaka dvArA ise siddha na karanA cAhie / dUsarI eka bAta zrIlAvaNyasUrijI yaha batAte haiM ki 'svAGgaM' zabda ke kAraNa 'parAGga' avyavadhAyaka banatA nahIM hai, aisA svIkAra karake 'parAGga' kA phala batAyA ki 'saMcaskAra' prayoga meM, 'ca', 'kR' kA aGga hai kintu sam yA ssaTa kA aGga nahIM hai ataH 'ssaTi samaH - 1/3/12 aura luk' 1/3/13 se honevAlA 'sam' ke 'm' kA 's' aura lopa karate samaya 'ca' kA vyavadhAna vyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jAyegA, aisA kahanA anarthaka hai kyoM ki 'ca' svAGga hI nahIM hai, ataH isa nyAya kI pravRtti hone kA koI avakAza hI nahIM hai| nyAya kI vRtti meM batAyA usI prakAra isa nyAya kI anityatA ke kAraNa se viciskantsati' ityAdi meM Satva nahIM hotA hai, aura isI anityatA kA jJApaka 'sthA seni segha sica saJjAM dvitve'pi' 2/3/40 sUtragata 'dvitve'pi' zabda hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi apanI isa bAta kA hI samarthana karate hue isa nyAya ke svopajJa nyAsa meM kahate haiM ki kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki jaise Satva kA vidhAna karanevAlA mukhya sUtra 'nAmyantasthA kavargAt padAntaH kRtasya saH ziDnAntare'pi' 2/3/15 sUtra meM 'ziT' aura nakAra ke vyavadhAna ko vyavadhAna mAnA nahIM hai, vaise yahA~ bhI dvitva ke vyavadhAna ko, vyavadhAna na mAnane kA vidhAna 'dvitve'pi' zabda se hotA hai to, ise isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka kaise mAnA jAya ? usakA pratyuttara dete hue ve svayaM kahate haiM ki yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, dvitva dvArA vyavadhAna hotA hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hI nahIM hai aura 'pratitaSThau' ityAdi prayoga meM AcAryazrI ko Satva hI iSTa hai, aura vaha 'ziinAntare' ke adhikAra ke kAraNa dUsare prakAra kA (dvitva Adi kA) vyavadhAna Ane se Satva kA niSedha hogA, vaha niSedha isa 'svAGgamavyavadhAyi' nyAya se dUra hogA , tathApi AcAryazrI ko kaI nyAya anitya hote haiM isalie nyAyoM Upara vizvAsa nahIM haiM, ataH dvitva kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI, aise prayogoM meM Satva hogA hI, aisA sUcita karane ke lie sUtra meM 'dvitve'pi' zabda rakhA hai / vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karatA hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 68) 187 ina saba bAtoM kA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI khaMDana karate haiN| unakI mAnyatAnusAra 'svAGgamavyavadhAyi' kI koI anityatA nahIM hai / ve kahate haiM ki 'veH skando'ktayoH' 2/3/51 meM 've:' paMcamInirdiSTa hai, ataH usase paratva lenA hai, vahI dhAtu kA lenA yA 'sa' kA lenA ? arthAt paratva vizeSaNa kisa kA ho ? dhAtu kA yA 'sa' kA ? dhAtu kA vizeSaNa nahIM bana sakatA hai kyoMki dhAtu svayaM 'sa' kAra kA vizeSaNa banatA hai, athavA 'skandaH' pada se sakAra hI vizeSita hotA hai kyoMki 'skand' dhAtu kAryoM ke svarUpa meM nahIM hai kintu sakAra hI kAryA hai aura vahI mukhya hone se sUtrakAra 'vi' ke paratva se use hI vizeSita karate haiM / isa prakAra vicAra karane para 'veH skando'ktayoH' 2/3/51 sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hotA hai / 'vi' se para Aye avyavahita 'sa' kA Sa hotA hai yadi vaha skanda dhAtu sambandhita ho, aura usake bAda meM kta yA ktavat pratyaya na AyA ho to / isI arthAnusAra 'viciskantsati' ityAdi prayoga meM isa nyAya se bhI Satva kI prApti duHsAdhya hI hai, ata: usI 'Satva' kA niSedha karane ke lie isa nyAya ko anitya banAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai aura 'ziDnAntare'pi' ke adhikAra se upasarga aura sakAra ke bIca vyavadhAna rahitatva cAhie, vaha 'viciskantsati' ityAdi prayoga meM prApta nahIM hai, ata eva Satva kI prApti ho sakatI nahIM hai| aura isa prakAra 'sthA seni sedha sica saJjAM dvitve'pi' 2/3/40 meM ukta 'dvitve'pi' zabda bhI sArthaka hI hai kyoMki dvitva karane se 'pratitaSThau' ityAdi meM 'ta' kA vyavadhAna Ane para 'sa' meM nAmiparatva nahIM AtA hai, ataH usI 'ta' ke vyavadhAna ko dUra karane ke lie "dvitve'pi' zabda sUtra meM rakhA hai| aura 'sthA-seni-sedha-sica saJjAM dvitve'pi' 2/3/40 meM 'dvitve'pi' zabda kA mahatva batAte hue siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki 'sen' dhAtu aSopadeza hai isalie aura 'sthA' aura 'saJja' meM dvitva hone para avarNAnta vyavadhAna AtA hai use dUra karane ke lie tathA 'sic, saJja' aura 'sedh' meM 'SaNa' para meM ho taba, isakA niyama karane ke lie 'dvitve'pi' kahA hai / nyAsa meM bhI 'sthA' aura 'saJja' ke lie kahA hai ki upasarga sthitanAmI-antasthA Adi aura dhAtu ke bIca avarNAnta vyavadhAna paidA hone ke kAraNa 'sthA' aura 'saca' kA yahA~ grahaNa kiyA hai| ina saba bAtoM se aisA sacita hotA hai ki yahA~ saba ko upasarga sthita 'nAmI' Adi se avyavahita paratva dhAtu kA nahIM kintu 'sa' kA hI mAnya hai| isa prakAra zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatAnusAra isa nyAya kI anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai aura anityatA kA koI phala dikhAI nahIM detA hai aura yaha nyAya jJApakasiddha bhI nahIM hai kyoMki svAGga kA avyavadhAyakatva lokasiddha hI hai| __ aura isa nyAya meM pUrva ke [ AgamA yadguNIbhUtA....] nyAya kA samAveza ho hI jAtA hai kyoMki Agama kA - 'Adi' aura 'anta' zabda se vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ataH prakRti ke avayava ho hI jAte haiM, ata: vaha svAGga kahA jAtA hai tathApi yaha nyAya aprasiddha hai aura pUrva kA nyAya, pratyeka

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188 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) vyAkaraNa meM pAyA jAtA hai, ataH use isa nyAya se pRthak kahA hai| pANinIya paramparA meM yaha nyAya batAyA gayA nahIM hai / anya kisI bhI paribhASA saMgraha meM isa prakAra kA nyAya nahIM hai| Upara batAyA usI prakAra Agama, Adi yA anta zabda se nirdiSTa hone se vaha prakRti kA avayava bana jAtA hai kintu dvitvabhUta dhAtu ke pUrva bhAga 'cakAra, papAta' ityAdi meM 'ca' aura 'pa' kA aGgatva kisI bhI prakAra se siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai / yahA~ 'dvirdhAtuH parokSA-' 4/1/1 sUtra se dhAtu kA dvitva huA hai / ataH vahI dvitvabhUta dhAtu meM paraspara aMga-aMgIbhAva sthApita nahIM ho sakatA hai kintu donoM bhAgoM meM bhinna bhinna dhAtutva mAnA jAtA hai kintu 'cakAra' aura 'papAta' ke 'ca' aura 'pa' meM, 'kR' aura 'pata' ke dhAtutva kA kisa prakAra saMbhava ho sakatA hai ? usakA pratyuttara isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya se 'ca' aura 'pa' meM bhI 'kR' rUpatva aura 'pat' rUpatva akSata hI mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra ina prayogoM meM upasarga aura dhAtu ke bIca Anantarya meM koI kSati paidA nahIM hotI hai / yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paramparA meM prApta nahIM hai / // 69 // upasargo na vyavadhAyI // 12 // upasarga vyavadhAna banatA nahIM hai| upasarga kA hamezAM dhAtu ke pUrva hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai aura yahI bAta 'dhAtoH pUjArthasvatigatArthAdhiparyatikramArthAtivarjaH prAdirupasargaH prAk ca' 3/1/1 sUtra se nizcita svarUpa meM batAyI gaI hai arthAt 'pra' Adi upasarga, dhAtu ke avayava banate nahIM haiM aura upasarga vibhaktyanta hone se svataMtra pada bhI hai, ataH usameM vyavadhAyakatva AtA hai, usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'ukSAMpracakrurnagarasya mArgAn' / yahA~ 'ur' dhAtu se parIkSA kA 'us' pratyaya kA 'gurunAmyAdeH -' 3/4/48 se 'Am' kiyA hai aura vahI Amanta 'ukSa' se 'pracakruH' kA prayoga huA hai / yahA~ 'ukSAM' aura 'cakruH' ke bIca 'pra' ko vyavadhAna svarUpa mAnA nahIM hai / isakA tAtparyArtha isa prakAra hai / 'gurunAmyAdeH-' 3/4/48 sUtra kI vRtti meM kahA hai ki 'AmantAcca' pare kRbhvastayaH parokSAntA anu-pazcAdanantaraM prayujyante' aura yahI artha, isI sUtra meM, 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm parokSAyAH kRbhvasti cAnutadantam' 3/4/46 sUtra se calI AtI 'kRbhvasti cAnutadantam' zabdoM kI anuvRtti se prApta hai| dhAtoranekasvarAdAm-' 3/4/46 sUtrokta 'anu' aura usI sUtra tathA 'gurunAmyAdeH'-3/ 4/48 kI vRtti ke arthAnusAra 'kR,bhU' aura 'as' dhAtu ke parIkSA ke rUpoM kA, Amanta dhAtu ke para hI anantara prayoga karanA hai kintu vyavahita arthAt kisI kA vyavadhAna na honA cAhie tathA viparyasta arthAt Amanta pUrva bhI prayoga nahIM ho sakatA hai / yadi yahA~ isa prayoga meM 'pra' ko vyavadhAna svarUpa mAnA jAya to, yaha prayoga asAdhu/aniSTa hI mAnA jAyegA, kintu isa nyAya ke bala se 'pra', 'ukSAM' aura 'cakruH' ke bIca vyavadhAyaka nahIM hogaa|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.69) 189 isa nyAya kA jJApaka, 'gAyati' svarUpavAle 'gI' dhAtu se 'Tak' kA vidhAna karanevAla 'gAyo'nupasargAt Tak' 5/1/74 meM upasarga varjana hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / jaise 'sAma gAyati iti sAmagI strI' meM 'sAma' se yukta 'gAyati' se 'Tak' huA, vaise 'sAma saMgAyati iti sAmasaMgAyI' meM upasarga sahita 'gAyati' se 'Tak' na ho, kintu 'karmaNo'N' 5/1/72 se 'aN' hI ho, isakA jJApana karane ke lie 'anupasargAt' kahA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'gAyaSTak' itanA hI sUtra banAyA hotA to 'sAmasaMgAyI' meM 'Tak' kI prApti hI nahIM hai kyoMki 'sAma' aura 'gI' dhAtu ke bIca vyavadhAna hai| ataH 'gAyati' dhAtu karma se para nahIM mAnA jAyegA / ataH upasarga kA varjana kiyA, vaha vyartha huA aura vaha vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai ki isa nyAya ke kAraNa karma aura dhAtu ke bIca upasarga kA vyavadhAna mAnA jAtA nahIM hai aura ataH jaise 'sAmagI' meM 'Tak' pratyaya huA vaise 'sAmasaMgAyI' meM 'Tak' pratyaya hokara sAmasaMgI' aisA aniSTa rUpa hogA aisI AzaMkA se hI 'anupasargAt' kahA hai| yaha nyAya ekAntika/nitya nahIM hai, ataH 'samAgacchati' meM 'AG' kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI 'samogamRcchiAcchizruvitsvaratyartidRzaH' 3/3/84 se Atmanepada nahIM hogaa| isa nyAya kI vRtti ke 'vyavahita' aura 'viparyasta' padoM kI samajha dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi nyAsa meM kahate haiM ki Amanta dhAtu ke bAda hI parokSAnta 'kR-bhU' aura 'as' kA prayoga honA caahie| kahIM kahIM kAvya meM nimnokta prakAra ke vyavahita tathA viparyasta prayoga pAye jAte haiM, jo vyAkaraNAnusAra asAdhu/anucita hI mAnA jAtA hai / vyavahita-: "taM pAtayAM prathamamAsa papAta pazcAt' / viparyasta : 'nA'rezcakAra gaNayAmayamastrapAtAn / ' zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya ke bAre meM nimnokta TippaNI karate haiN| yahA~ upasarga saMjJA ke sUtra 'dhAtoH pUjArthasvati-' 3/1/1 meM 'dhAtoH prAk' ke svarUpa meM 'dhAto' meM paJcamI vibhakti hai, ataH upasarga hamezAM dhAtu se avyavahita pUrva meM hI hotA hai / koI yahA~ zaMkA kara sakatA hai ki 'dhAtoH prAk' meM dhAtu zabda se SaSThI vibhakti hai aisA mAna liyA jAya to 'prAk' zabda pUrva avayavavAcaka mAnA jAyegA aura usI prakAra upasarga dhAtu ke Adi avayava svarUpa hogA, to, usakA 'svAGgamavyavadhAyi' // 11 // nyAya meM hI samAveza ho sakegA, kintu yaha bAta sahI nahIM hai kyoMki 'prAk' zabda dizAvAcaka hai, ata: dikzabda ke yoga meM 'dhAtoH' meM paMcamI hI mAnI jAyegI aura vahI ucita hai tathA 'prAk' zabda pUrva avayavavAcaka ke svarUpa meM kahIM bhI prayukta huA dikhAyI nahIM detA hai| aura 'samAgacchati' prayoga meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya kI anityatA batAyI hai, kintu vAstava meM isa nyAya dvArA upasarga kA dUsare ke prati avyavadhAyakatva ko kahane se, usakA paraspara avyavadhAyakatva siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai / tathA paraspara kA vyavadhAyakatva kisI bhI prakAra se dUra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataH 'sam' aura 'gam' ke bIca Aye hue 'AG' ko vyavadhAna hI mAnA jAyegA, ata eva Atmanepada kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai aura isake lie isa nyAya ke anityatva kI kalpanA na karanI cAhie / dUsarI bAta yaha ki 'sam' upasargayukta 'gam' dhAtu ke karma kI vivakSA

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190 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) karane para bhI vahA~ Atmanepada kI aprApti ho jAtI hai aura niHsaMkoca parasmaipada hotA hai / 'bhaTTi' kAvya ke TIkAkAra jayamaMgalAkAra kahate haiM ki anu zabda ke sAmarthya se hI 'kRbhU' aura 'as' dhAtu ke parokSAnta rUpoM kA Amantayukta dhAtu se avyavahita para meM hI prayoga honA cAhie | ataH ve bhaTTikAvya ke 'ukSAMpracakrurnagarasya mArgAn' ke sthAna para 'ukSAn pracakrurnagarasya mArgAn' tathA 'bibharAMpracakArAsau' ke sthAna para 'prabibharAMcakArAsau' pAThoM kI kalpanA karate haiM / 'kRJcAnu prayujyate liTi' [ pA. sU. 3/1/40 ] ke mahAbhASya se eka bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki bhASyakAra ne upasarga ko kevala dhAtu ke artha ke dyotaka hI mAne haiM, ataH upasarga kA, dhAtu se bhinna koI artha nahIM hai, ataH upasarga meM vyavadhAyakatva nahIM hai / aura mahAbhASya meM kahA hai ki 'viparyAsanivRttyarthaM, vyavahitanivRttyarthaJca' ina donoM vArtikoM dvArA 'taM pAtayAM prathamamAsa papAta pazcAt ' tathA 'prabhraMzayAM yo nahuSaM cakAra' ityAdi vyavahitatvayukta aura nArezcakAra gaNayAmayamastrapAtAn ityAdi viparyasta prayogoM kA vyAvartana kiyA hai, tathApi aise prayoga kaviyoM dvArA kiye gae hone se chandovat / chAndas prayoga kahakara isake sAdhutva kA svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha nyAya siddhama paramparA ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' ko chor3akara kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai aura vAstava meM gadyasAhitya meM aise prayoga hote hI nahIM haiN| jo hote haiM, ve kAvya meM hI hote haiM aura kavi dvArA prayukta aise prayoga kvacit vyAkaraNa ke niyama virUddha bhI hote haiM kintu kAvya ke kSetra meM chandobhaMga na ho, isalie aisI sAmAnyatayA chUTa dI jAtI hai| jaise kalA / citrakalA Adi ke kSetra meM kalAkAra niraMkuza hote haiM vaise kAvya ke kSetra meM kavi niraMkuza mAne jAte haiM, ataH aise prayoga vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se sAdhu / anucita hone para bhI, usakA anAdara nahIM hotA hai aura yahI bAta isa nyAya se siddha kI gaI hai / vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se isa nyAya kA koI mahatva pratIta nahIM hotA hai / // 70 // yena nAvyavadhAnaM tena vyavahite'pi syAt // 13 // jahA~ jisa varNa ityAdi kA avazya vyavadhAna ho, vahA~ usakA vyavadhAna hone para bhI tatsambandhita kArya hotA hI hai / jahA~, jo varNa ityAdi, avazya vyavadhAyaka hote hoM, kintu avyavadhAna kA saMbhava hI na ho, vaise prasaMga meM vyavadhAna hone para bhI, tatsambandhita kArya hotA hI hai / aprApta kArya kI prApti karAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai / [ isa prakAra agale donoM nyAya meM jAna lenA ] udA. 'cArvI, gurvI, ' ityAdi prayoga meM svara aura 'u' kAra ke bIca eka vyaMjana kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI 'svarAto guNAdakharo: ' 2/4/35 se 'GI' hogA hI, kyoMki svara ke para meM avyavahita 'u' kAra ho, aisA guNavAcaka zabda eka bhI prApta nahIM hai / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'svarAduto guNAdakharo : ' 2/4/35 meM 'svarAduto' kahA hai, vaha hai / svara

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 70) 191 se para jo 'u' kAra, tadanta guNavAcaka zabda se strIliGga meM vikalpa se GI pratyaya hotA hai, kintu 'kharu' zabda se nahIM hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to svara se para, avyavahita ukAra ho, aisA gaNavAcaka eka bhI zabda na hone se, yahI sUtra vyartha hotA hai yA asaMgata hai tathApi aisA sUtra banAyA, usase sUcita hotA hai ki svara aura u ke bIca, avazya prApta eka vyaMjana kA vyavadhAna, isa nyAya ke bala se, vyavadhAyaka nahIM hotA hai, aise Azaya se hI 'svara ke para jo ukAra' aisA jo kathana kiyA hai vaha asaMgata nahIM mAnA jaayegaa| aura 'svarAduto guNAdakharoH' 2/4/35 meM 'kharu' zabda kA jo varjana kiyA hai vaha bhI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai kyoMki yahA~ svara se para, jo ukAra, vahI ukAra jisake anta meM ho aise guNavAcaka zabda se strIliGga meM GI pratyaya vikalpa se hotA hai, aisA kahane se hI 'kharU' zabda se kI pratyaya hone kI prApti hI nahIM hai kyoMki 'kharu' zabda meM svara 'a' aura antya 'u' ke bIca 'ra' kA vyavadhAna hai, tathApi 'kharu' zabda kA varjana kiyA, usase sUcita hotA hai ki svara aura ukAra ke bIca eka vyaMjana kA vyavadhAna to avazya hotA hI hai, ataH isa nyAya ke kAraNa, usI eka vyaMjana kA vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna svarUpa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai tathA 'kharu' zabda meM bhI svara aura 'u' ke bIca eka hI vyaMjana kA vyavadhAna hone se, yahA~ bhI 'DI' kI prApti kA prasaMga upasthita hogA, aisI AzaMkA se 'kharu' kA varjana kiyA gayA hai| _ 'yena nAvyavadhAnaM' arthAt jisake dvArA yA jahA~ avazya vyavadhAna AtA hI ho vahA~ vahI vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, aisA kyoM ? jahA~ avyavadhAna kA saMbhava ho, vahA~ vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna mAnA hI jAtA hai / udA. 'jyuMGgatau' dhAtu se 'Nig' aura vahI Niganta 'jyuMG' dhAtu se 'san' pratyaya hone para 'jujyAvayiSati' rUpa hogA / yahA~ 'jyu' dhAtu kA dvitva hone ke bAda pUrva 'ju' meM sthita 'u' aura nimittasvarUpa avarNAnta antasthA, 'jyA' meM sthita 'yA' ke bIca 'ja' kA vyavadhAna hai, ataH 'orjAntasthApavarge'vaNe' 4/1/60 se 'ju' ke 'u' kA 'i' nahIM hogA kyoMki jahA~ avyavahita kA saMbhava hI na ho, vahA~ vyavahita kA Adara kiyA jAtA hai, anyatra nahIM, kintu yahA~ 'orjAntasthApavarge'vaNe' 4/1/60 sUtra se honevAle kArya ke lie 'yiyaviSati' ityAdi prayoga meM avyavahita 'avarNAnta antasthA' kA saMbhava hone se 'jujyAvayiSati' meM sthita vyavahita 'avarNAnta antasthA' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / isa nyAya kI anAtyantikatA/anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi 'svara se avyavahita para meM u ho, aisA guNavAcaka zabda eka bhI nahIM hai' kathanagata guNavAcaka zabda ke bAre meM TippaNI karate hue kahate haiM ki 'titau' zabda meM svara se avyavahita para meM 'u' hai kintu vaha dravyavAcaka hai, ataH usakA yahA~ grahaNa na ho, isake lie guNavAcaka kahA hai| isa nyAya meM do jJApaka batAye gaye haiM / 1. svarAduto guNAdakharoH 2/4/35 meM 'svarAduto' kahA vaha aura 2. 'akharo:' pada se 'kharU' zabda kA varjana kiyA vaha / vaise to ye donoM jJApaka sahI/

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192 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) ucita haiM kintu do meM se 'akharoH' zabda se 'kharu' zabda kA varjana svarUpa jJApaka jyAdA spaSTa hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'yena nAvyavadhAnamiti kim ?' isa prakAra padakRtya karake 'nAvyavadhAnam' kI AvazyakatA samajhAyI hai, usake prati zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne aruci batAyI hai| ve kahate haiM ki 'yena nAvyavadhAnam' na hone para kevala 'vyavahite'pi syAt' itanA hI nyAya kA svarUpa hotA hai, to isakA artha yahI hotA hai ki saMpUrNazAstra kI pravRtti vyavadhAna meM bhI hotI hai / yahI artha iSTa nahIM hai aura aisA artha karane meM koI pramANa bhI nahIM hai kyoMki vyavahitapravRtti, isa nyAya kA lakSya hI nahIM hai| ata: jisa prakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne padakRtya kiyA hai, usI prakAra se yahA~ ativyApti doSa dUra hotA hai kintu vAstava meM avyAptidoSa, ativyAptidoSa se jyAdA balavAn hone se use dUra karane kA prayAsa karanA cAhie / ata eva do naJ kA sArthakya batAkara lakSya ke ekadeza meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, aisI zaMkA dUra ho sakatI hai| usake sthAna para nAvyavadhAnamityatra nadvayopAdAnaM kimartham' isa prakAra prazna karake, uparyukta bAta siddha kI jAtI to acchA hotA, aisI zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatA hai / unhoMne yahI artha isa prakAra/nimnokta prakAra se siddha kiyA hai / 'nAvyavadhAnam' meM do naJ kA grahaNa avarjanIya vyavadhAna kA grahaNa karane ke lie hai / ataH jahA~ avyavadhAna ho aura sUtra kI pravRtti saMbhavita ho vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / ataH 'jyuG gatau' dhAtu se preraka meM icchAdarzaka rUpa karane para jujyAvayiSati' rUpa meM 'ju' aura 'yA' ke bIca 'ja' kA vyavadhAna hai| yahA~ nimitta avarNAnta antasthA 'yA' hai, kArya 'ju' ke 'u' kA 'i' karanA hai, vahI 'orjAntasthA'-4/1/60 se hotA hai / isa prayoga meM 'ja' kA vyavadhAna, vyavadhAna hI mAnA jAyegA kyoMki isa prakAra ke vyavadhAnarahita 'yiyaviSati' ityAdi prayoga prApta hai, ataH 'j' kA vyavadhAna Avazyaka nahIM hai| isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA kyoM khaDI huI ? isake bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki pratyeka vyAkaraNa meM 'paJcamyA nirdiSTe parasya' [si. 7/4/104] aura 'saptamyA pUrvasya' [si. 7/4/ 105] jaise paribhASA sUtra haiM / ina sUtroM kA artha isa prakAra hai / 1. yadi kisI sUtra meM, kisI bhI kArya kA paMcamI vibhakti se nirdeza kiyA gayA ho to, vahI kArya, paMcamI se nirdiSTa jo dhAtu yA zabda yA varNa ho usase avyavahita para meM Aye hue pratyaya, varNa yA zabda ko hotA hai / 2. yadi kisI sUtra meM, kisI bhI kArya kA saptamI vibhakti se nirdeza kiyA gayA ho to vahI kArya, saptamI nirdiSTa zabda yA pratyaya yA varNa se avyavahita pUrva meM Aye hue zabda, dhAtu yA varNa ko hotA hai| Upara batAyA usI prakAra ke artha se kisI bhI kArya, avyavahita pUrva yA para ko hI hotA hai kintu jaba kisI sUtra se honevAlA kArya nimitta aura nimitti ke bIca, vyavadhAnarAhitya saMbhAvita

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193 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 70) hI na ho, to vahA~ yaha nyAya, eka varNa ke vyavadhAna kI anujJA/sammati detA hai / kyA ina donoM paribhASAsUtroM kI vAstava meM pratyeka sthAna para pravRtti hotI hai ? isake bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki 'laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 sUtra meM pUrva ke 'nAmino guNo'kGiti' 4/3/1 sUtra meM se 'akGiti' kI anuvRtti hotI hai aura vaha pratyaya kA vizeSaNa hai tathA saptamI se nirdiSTa hai, ataH jisa laghunAmI svara kA guNa karanA hai, vaha akit aGit pratyaya se avyavahita pUrva meM honA cAhie, kintu 'laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 sUtra meM upAntyasya vizeSaNa se laghunAmI svara aura pratyaya ke bIca eka vyaMjana kA vyavadhAna avazya AyegA / ataH yahA~ paribhASA sUtra kA spaSTatayA bAdha hotA hai| yadi paribhASA sUtra kA bAdha na mAnA jAya to vidhisUtra kI vyarthatA pratipAdita hotI hai / yahI paribhASAbAdha aura vidhivaiyarthya do meM se eka bhI iSTa nahIM hai / ata eva yaha nyAya banAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra 'svarAduto guNAdakharoH' 2/4/35 sUtra se svara se para meM turata 'u' ho, aisA guNavAcaka zabda eka bhI prApta nahIM hai, ata: yahA~ vidhizAstra kI vyarthatA hotI hai| aura yadi eka varNa ke vyavadhAnayukta kA isa nyAya ke binA svIkAra karane para 'paJcamyA nirdiSTe parasya' 7/4/104 kA bAdha hotA hai, vaha na ho isalie isa nyAya kA Azraya kiyA gayA hai / merI dRSTi se 'svarAduto' aura 'akharoH' jaise isa nyAya kA jJApaka banate haiM vaise 'laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 sUtragata 'upAntyasya' zabda bhI jJApaka bana sakatA hai / anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne isa nyAya kA Azraya kiyA hai, kintu nyAya ke svarUpa meM ullekha nahIM kiyA hai aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI batAte haiM / paribhASAsaMgraha dekhane para pratIta hotA hai ki yaha nyAya paribhASA ke kSetra meM saba se prAcIna mAnA gayA vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyana, aura jainendraparibhASAvRtti meM bhI prApta hai kintu siddhahema ke pazcAtkAlIna kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM yaha nyAya nahIM hai| vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana meM isa nyAya kA jJApaka isa prakAra batAyA hai| 'zamAmaSTAnAM dIrghaH .zyani' [ pA. sU. 7/3/74 ] sUtra meM 'zyan' pratyaya para meM hone para 'zam' Adi dhAtuoM ke svara dIrgha hote haiN| 'zam' Adi kA, SaSThI ke bahuvacana ke 'Am' se nirdeza kiyA hone se 'SaSThayAntyasya' 7/ 4/106 sUtra se antya kA dIrgha karanA hai, yahA~ antya 'm' hai, usakA vIrgha kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai tathA 'zyani' meM saptamI se nirdeza kiyA gayA hone se usase avyavahita pUrva ke varNa kA hI dIrgha hotA hai aura usake avyavahita pUrva meM 'm' hai| ataH vahA~ 'zam' Adi meM isa nyAya se upAntya svara dIrgha hotA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI yaha nyAya apUrva artha nahIM batAtA hai, aisA kahakara isakI spaSTatA isa prakAra karate hai / yaha 'svarAduto-' 2/4/35 sUtra meM svara se para meM 'u' ho, aise guNavAcaka zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai, isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki pUrva ke svara kI mAtrA ke samAna mAtrAyukta varNa kA, 'u' ke

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194 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) lie avyavadhAyakatva hotA hai / ata: 'mRdu' meM sthita pUrva R kI mAtrA ke samAna mAtrA 'du' kI hai| yahA~ akele 'u' kI bhI eka mAtrA hai aura 'du' kI bhI eka hI mAtrA mAnI jAtI hai| ata: vaha isa nyAyAnusAra vyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jaayegaa| yadi do vyaJjanoM kA vyavadhAna Aye to DeDha mAtrAyukta 'du' mAnA jAyegA, to vaha adhika mAtrAyukta vyavadhAna hone se avyavadhAna nahIM mAnA jaayegaa| // 71 // RkArApadiSTaM kAryaM lakArasyApi // 14 // RkAra se apadiSTa kArya lakAra ko bhI hotA hai / udA. 'kRpauG sAmarthya ' dhAtu se 'san' pratyaya hone para 'vRdbhyaH syasanoH' 3/3/45 se parasmaipada meM 'ciklupsati' hogA / yahA~ kRp dhAtu ke R kA lu nirnimitta hone se prathama 'Rra lulaM kRpo'kRpITAdiSu' 2/3/99 sUtra se la hogA, bAda meM 'sanyaGazca' 4/1/3 se dvitva hogA taba 'Rto't' 4/1/38 se 'R' ke sthAna para hue 'lu' kA bhI 'at' Adeza hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'dUrAdAmantryasya'..7/4/99 sUtra meM 'R' ko chor3akara anya svaroM kA plutatva karane kA vidhAna karake punaH 'lu' kA grahaNa kiyA hai, vaha hai / kyoMki isa nyAya se 'R' kA niSedha karane para, 'lu' kA bhI niSedha ho jAtA hai kintu 'lu' ko plutavidhi karanI hone se, isakA punaH grahaNa kiyA hai| yaha nyAya caMcala hai / ataH 'RtRti hUsvo vA' 1/2/2 meM 'R' aura 'lu' donoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai / yaha nyAya nitya hotA, to kevala 'Rti hrasvo vA' sUtra banAyA hotA to cala sakatA / 'dUrAdAmantryasya'-7/4/99 sUtra kI vRtti meM yaha nyAya thor3I-sI bhinna rIti se batAyA gayA hai| usameM 'RvarNagrahaNe lavarNasyApi' kahA hai, kintu lakAra prAyaH kahIM bhI prayukta nahIM pAyA jAtA hai, ataH 'Rra lulaM kRpo'kRpITAdiSu' 2/3/99 sUtra ke nyAsa meM 'RkArApadiSTaM lakArasyApi' pATha prApta hone se, yahA~ aisA kahA hai| yaha nyAya siddhahema vyAkaraNa ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai, kyoMki anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne RvarNa aura lavarNa kI paraspara savarNa saMjJA mAnI hai, ataH unake mata se RvarNa ko uddezya banAkara kahA gayA kArya lavarNa se svAbhAvika hI ho jAtA hai, jabaki siddhahema kI paramparA meM RvarNa aura lavarNa ke sthAna bhinna bhinna hone se sva saMjJA nahIM kI hai, ata eva lakAra ke sthAna meM honevAle AdezoM ke RvarNa se bhinna karake batA diye haiM / udA. avarNasyevarNAdinaidodaral 1/2/ 6 se lu varNa kA 'al' Adeza kiyA hai / aura 'lutyAl vA' 1/2/11, meM lu varNa kA vRddhi rUpa 'Al' Adeza kiyA hai| siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'lu' kA dIrgha hai arthAt lakAra kA bhI astitva hai, ata: 'klR + lakAraH' kI sandhi 'klRkAra:' bhI hotI hai kintu anya vyAkaraNAnusAra arthAt pANinIya ityAdi meM 'R' aura lu varNa kI sva saMjJA dvArA jo kArya hote haiM, ve kArya isa vyAkaraNa meM anya vizeSa prakAra se siddha kiye haiM / ataH sva saMjJA kA koI phala nahIM hai tathApi 'aciklRpat' jaise prayoga meM tRtvavidhi animittaka aura antaraGga hone se prathama hogI, aura dvitva ityAdi pratyaya

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 72 ) 195 nimittaka hone se bahiraGga hai / ataH yadi lRtvavidhi prathama hogI to dvitva hone ke bAda pUrva ke kA 'Rto't' 4/1/38 se 'a' karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya ke bAre meM kahate haiM ki kevala 'aciklRpat' jaise zAyada eka hI prayoga ke lie yogArambha ( nayA sUtra yA nayA nyAya) prayukta nahIM hotA hai / ataH aise prayoga ke lie 'Rto't' 4/1/38 sUtra meM bhI lRkAra kA bhI grahaNa kiyA hotA to 'dUrAdAmantryasya' ...7/ 4 / 99 sUtra meM bhI lRkAra kA grahaNa Avazyaka nahIM rahatA yA pANinIya paramparA kI taraha 'Rra lRlaM kRpo'kRpITAdiSu' 2/3 / 99 sUtra asadadhikAra meM kaha diyA hotA to, cala sakatA thA kyoMki lRkAra para kArya karate samaya asad ho jAtA to 'lU' ko 'R' mAnakara usakA 'a' niHsaMkoca kiyA jA sakatA aura aisA karane para, isa nyAya / bAta ke jJApaka ke rupa meM 'dUrAdAmantryasya'...7 / 4 / 99 meM lRkAra kA grahaNa kiyA hai, vahI na karanA hotA / usa prakAra uparyukta prayoga kI siddhi ho sakatI hai, tathApi vaha AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ke vacana ke khilApha hai / ataH usakA asvIkAra karanA cAhie kyoMki AcAryazrI ne svayaM 'Rra lRlaM kRuiskRpITAdiSu' 2/3 / 99 tathA 'dUrAdAmantryasya ...7 / 4 / 99 sUtroM meM isa nyAya kA vidhAna kiyA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha ki ye nyAyasUtra, pratyeka vyAkaraNa meM sarvasAmAnya haiM, aisA unhoMne kahA hai / ataH aise nyAya kI unako koI AvazyakatA na hone para bhI, anya paramparA meM yaha nyAya hai, aisA jJApana karane ke lie 'Rra lRlaM'-2 / 3 / 99 tathA 'dUrAdAmantryasya'....7/4 / 99 sUtroM meM isa nyAya kA kathana kiyA hai, aisA samajhanA aura vahI unako bhI mAnya hai hI / yadi isa nyAya kA svIkAra kiyA jAya to 'RlRti hrasvo vA' 1/2/2 sUtra meM 'R' aura 'lU' donoM ke grahaNa meM vyarthatA AtI hai / ataH isa nyAya ko anitya mAnanA Avazyaka hai / isa anityatA ke phalasvarUpa 'gamlaM' Adi ke SaSThI bahuvacana meM 'Am' kA 'nAma' Adeza hone para 'husvApazca' 1/4/32 se dIrgha lRkAra hogA kyoMki siddhahema meM dIrgha lRkAra bhI mAnA gayA hai aura 'gamlunAm' Adi aura 'praklRpyamAna' ityAdi prayoga meM RRvarNa se vihita Natva vidhi nahIM hogI / yadyapi 'varNaikadezo'pi varNagrahaNena gRhyate' nyAya se 'lU' ke vyavadhAna ke kAraNa Natva vidhi nahIM hogI, aisA kaha diyA hai, tathApi isa nyAya se saMpUrNa 'lU' varNa ko 'R' varNa mAnakara jo Natva vidhi honevAlI hai, vaha yaha nyAya anitya hone se nahIM hogI / // 72 // sakArApadiSTaM kAryaM tadAdezasya zakArasyApi // 15 // sakAra ko uddezya banAkara kahA gayA kArya usake Adeza zakAra ko bhI hotA hai / 'tadAdezasya' zabda dvArA jJAta hotA hai ki yaha pUrvokta (57 nyAyagata) 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH // ' nyAya kA hI prapaMca/vistAra hai / ataH vastutaH jo sakAra kA Adeza rUpa zakAra hai, vaha 'bhUtapUrvaka '.... nyAya se sakAra hI mAnA jAtA hai / vahI isa nyAya kA tAtparyArtha hai /

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196 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) udA. 'Sasca gatau' / yahA~ 'SaH so'STyaiSThivaSvaskaH' 2/3/98 se 'Sa' kA 'sa' hogA aura sasya zaSau' 1/3/61 se 'sc' ke 's' kA 'z' hogA, arthAt dhAtu 'Sasc' meM se 'sazca' hogA, bAda meM 'yaG' pratyaya hokara, usakA lopa hone para 'sAsazca' hogA / hyastanI kA 'div' pratyaya hone para, usakA 'vyaJjanAdde.'....4/3/78 se lopa hogA aura 'aD dhAtorAdi'....4/4/29 se aT Agama hogA aura 'asAsazca' hogA / isameM sthita 'z', 's' kA Adeza hone se usakA 'saMyogasyAdau skorluk' 2/ 1/88 se lopa hogA aura 'cajaH kagam' 2/1/86 se 'ca' kA 'k' hokara, 'asAsak' rupa siddha hogaa| 's' ke Adeza 'z' ko hI 's' sambandhita kArya hotA hai kintu svAbhAvika 'z' ko 's' sambandhita kArya nahIM hotA hai / udA. 'bhavAn zete / ' yahA~ 'za' kA 'DnaH saH'....1/3/18 se 'tsa' yA 'tza' nahIM hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApana 'DnaH saH tso'zcaH' 1/3/18 meM 'zca' kA varjana kiyA hai, usase hotA hai / vaha bhavAnzcyotati' ityAdi meM 'za' kA 'tsa' na ho isalie (zca kA varjana kiyA) hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'za' kA 'tsa' hone kI prApti hI nahIM hai kyoMki 'DnaH saH tso'zcaH' 1/3/ 18 sUtra meM 'saH' kahA hai, jabaki 'bhavAnzcyotati' ityAdi meM 'za' hai, vaisA hone para bhI yahA~ 'zca' kA varjana kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| vastutaH 'zca' ke varjana se 'sakArApadiSTaM kAryaM zakArasyApi' khaMDa/bhAga kA jJApana hotA hai kintu 'tadAdezasya' ke sAtha saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApana nahIM hotA hai kyoMki 'zca' meM jo 'z' hai, vaha aviziSTa hai arthAt vaha 'sa' ke Adeza rupa hI 'za' hai aisA nahIM hai / ata: 'tadAdezasya' aMza kA dUsarA jJApaka khojanA cAhie, isI zaMkA kA pratyuttara dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yahI jJApaka pUrNa nyAya kA jJApana karAne meM samartha hone se, anya jJApaka khojane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'azca' ke dvArA 'zcyotati' ityAdi sambandhI 'zca' kA varjana kiyA hai, kintu anya kisI 'zca' kA varjana nahIM hotA hai kyoMki 'zcyotati' ityAdi prayoga ko choDakara kahIM bhI 'zca' prApta nahIM hai aura vahI 'zca' meM sthita 'za', 'sa' kA hI Adeza hai kyoMki vaha 'za', 'sasya zaSau' 1/3/ 61 sUtra se huA hai / ataH 'zca' meM sthita sakAra ke Adezarupa 'za' kAra ko sakAra sambandhita kArya kA niSedha 'zca' ke varjana se hotA hai / ataH 'azca' kahane se pUrNa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai| isa nyAya kI caJcalatA/anityatA dikhAyI nahIM par3atI hai| isa nyAya ke jJApaka 'azvaH' ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUri kahate haiM ki 'azcaH' kahane se lakSaNA se 'zcyotati' ityAdi ke zakAra kA varjana hotA hai, tathApi, zabdataH usakA varjana nahIM hotA hai ataH 'azcaH', sakArApaviSTa kArya zakArasyApi' bhAga kA jJApana kara sakatA hai, kintu 'tadAdezasya' bhAga kA jJApana kara sakane meM samartha nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa batAte hue, ve kahate haiM ki 'azvaH' zabda dvArA upasthApita jo artha hai, usI artha kA hI 'azvaH' dvArA jJApana karane meM aucitya hai kintu, usI artha ke artha kA arthAt paraMparita prayojana (artha) kA jJApana karane meM, vaha samartha

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 72 ) 197 nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki vaha 'azcaH' zabda zAbdabodha kA viSaya hai aura pada, vAkya ityAdi kA vivecana karanevAle vaiyAkaraNoM kA siddhAnta hai ki zAbdabodha meM zabda kA upasthita jo artha yA zabda dvArA prakaTa honevAlA jo artha, usakA hI jJApana hotA hai / ata eva 'tadAdezasya' aMza kA jJApakatva batAne ke lie, nyAyavRtti meM jaisA batAyA hai vaisA hI upAya batAyA hai aisA pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi 'siddha bRhadvRtti' meM kevala 'zakArasya sakAropadiSTaM kArya vijJAyate' kahA hai, kintu 'tadAdezasya' kahA nahIM hai tathApi 'bhavAnzete' meM 'tsa' Adeza na ho, isalie 'tadAdezasya' kahanA Avazyaka hai / nyAsakAra ne isa nyAya ko kiMcit bhinna prakAra se batAyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / 'ina saH tso'zcaH' 1/3/18 sUtra meM batAye hue pratyudAharaNa, 'SaTzcyotati' kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki 'dantyApadiSTaM kAryaM tAlavyasyApi bhavati, paraM dantyasthAnaniSpannasya na tu sarvasya / ' yahA~ tadAdezasya ke sthAna para vaise hI arthayukta vAkya rakhA gayA hai / 'azca: ' saMpUrNa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM kisa prakAra mAnya ho sakatA hai, usakA upAya batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki 'zca' kI pravRtti 'zcyotati' ityAdi ko chor3akara kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai, vahI bAta sahI hai | ataH 'zca' ko 'zcyotati' Adi meM sthita 'zca' kA hI anukaraNa mAnane para isa 'zca' ke varjana ko saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA jA sakatA hai arthAt 'tadAdezasya' aMza kA bhI vaha jJApaka banatA hai / kucheka vaiyAkaraNa ke matAnusAra prakriyAbheda karane para, isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, ve kahate haiM ki yadyapi saba ko 'sa' ke sthAna para hue 'za' ko bhI 'sa' kI taraha kArya karanA hI iSTa hai, ataH unako sUtra kI vyavasthA / sthApanA hI isa prakAra se karanI cAhie ki, jisase sakAra ko uddezya banAkara kahA huA kArya karate samaya 'za' asat ho jAya aura vahI sakAra hI hai, aisA mAnakara kArya ho / siddha vyAkaraNa meM yadyapi 'sasya zaSau' 1/3/61 sUtra meM 'hadirhasvarasyAnu navA' 1/3/ 31 sUtra se 'anu' pada kI anuvRtti AtI hai / ataH 'prApyamANa' arthAt dhAtu yA nAma sambandhita sarva kArya karane ke bAda hI 'sa' kA 'za' karanA cAhie, aisA karane se 'asAsak, madhuk, mUlavRT' ityAdi prayoga meM 'sa' kA 'za' karane se pUrva / pahale hI 'saMyogasyAdau skorluk' 2/1/88 se 'sa' kA lopa hogA aura rUpa siddhi hogI / isa prakAra pratyeka prayoga meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti binA hI prayogasiddhi hotI hai / yahI bAta zrImahaMsagaNi ne nyAsa meM batAyI hai / ve kahate haiM ki isa prakAra aise udAharaNoM se isa nyAya kI pravRtti ucita nahIM hai, kintu zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne dhAtupArAyaNa meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI hai, ataH hamane bhI vaisA kiyA hai| jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki Upara batAyA usI prakAra se isa nyAya ke binA bhI uparyukta prayoga kI siddhi hotI hai tathApi 'azca: ' pada ke AdhAra para, anumita isa nyAya kI pravRtti karane meM koI bAdha pratIta nahIM hotA hai /

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) dUsarI zaMkA yaha paidA hotI hai ki, isa prakAra, isa nyAya kA koI phala hI na ho to usake 'azcaH ' pada kA tyAga karanA cAhie, arthAt kevala 'DnaH saH tsaH' sUtraracanA karanI cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki 'AcAryAH kRtvA na nivartante' nyAya bhI hai / 198 kisIko yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki 'zcyotati' ityAdi meM sakAra kA zakAra Adeza karanA aura bAda meM 'azcaH' kahakara use dantya 'sa' sambandhita kArya karane kA niSedha karanA usake sthAna para pATha meM hI tAlavya za kaha denA cAhie jisase prakriyA lAghava bhI ho kintu aisA karanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki aisA karane se 'madhu zcyotati iti kvip' karane se 'madhuzcyut' hogA aura 'taM AcaSTe' vigraha karake 'Nic' pratyaya hone para ' tryantyasvarAdeH ' 7/4/43 se antyasvarAdi kA lopa hogA bAda meM puna: kvip karane para 'Nic' kA lopa hogA, aura 'si' pratyaya hogA, usakA bhI lopa hone para 'co'ziti' 4/3/81 se 'ya' kA lopa hogaa| bAda meM 'saMyogasyAdau skorluk' 2/1/88 se zca' ke 'z' kA 'sa' mAnakara lopa karane para 'cajaH kagam' 2/1/86 se 'ca' kA 'ka' karane para 'madhuk ' rUpa hogA kintu yadi tAlavya 'za' kA hI dhAtupATha meM pATha kiyA jAyegA to 'madhuk' ke sthAna para 'madhu' rUpa hogA jo aniSTa hai / ataH dhAtupATha meM sopadeza dhAtu karanA Avazyaka hai / aura isa nyAya kA jJApaka na ho to 'sa' ke Adeza 'za' ko sakArApadiSTa kArya ho yA na ho, isakI AzaMkA banI hI rahatI hai, use dUra karane ke lie 'azcaH ' zabda dvArA 'zca' meM sthita 'za' kA varjana kiyA hai aura vahI varjana hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka banatA hai, yahI bAta siddhahaimabRhadvRtti meM batAyI gaI hai / nyAsakAra ne Upara batAyA usI prakAra 'dantyApadiSTaM kAryaM tAlavyasya bhavati paraM dantyasthAnaniSpannasya na tu sarvasya' nyAya batAyA hai aura usake jJApaka ke rUpameM upadeza avasthA meM kiye gae daMtyapATha ko hI batAyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki isa prakAra 'zca' ke varjana ke sthAna para, pATha meM hI tAlavya 'za' kA upadeza karanA caahie| kintu yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, dantyapATha nirarthaka banatA hai / aura dantyapATha kA isa nyAya ko chor3akara anya koI prayojana bhI nahIM hai / ina donoM mAnyatAoM kA samanvaya karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki donoM kI mAnyatAe~ sahI haiM aura donoM jJApaka bhI ucita haiM / zrImahaMsagaNi ne nyAsa meM dUsarI bhI eka bAta batAyI hai ki sAhitya ke kSetra meM kaviyoM aura AlaMkAriko ko zleSa alaMkAra meM 'za' aura 'sa' samAna mAnya hai arthAt jaba eka hI zabda ke do bhinna bhinna artha karane hoM taba sa ( dantya) ko za (tAlavya) aura tAlavya 'za' ko dantya 'sa' mAnA jAtA hai / udA. Adau dhanabhave yena ghRtamedhAyitaM tathA jajJe yathorvIzasya zrI zrInAbheyaH sa vaH zriyai // yahA~ urvIzasya zrI arthAt rAjA kI zobhA / lakSmI, urvI arthAt bar3I / mahA sasyazrI arthAt dhAnya kI saMpatti svarUpa zobhA / yaha nyAya bhI anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM saMgRhIta nahIM hai /

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 73 ) // 73 // hrasvadIrghApadiSTaM kAryaM na plutasya // 16 // hrasva yA dIrgha ko uddezya banAkara kahA gayA kArya pluta ko nahIM hotA hai / pluta svara hamezAM hrasva yA dIrgha ke sthAna para hI hotA hai / ataH 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH ' nyAya se vahI pluta svara bhI hUsva yA dIrgha kahA jAtA hai / ataH hrasva yA dIrgha zabda kA uccAra karake kahA gayA kArya pluta ko bhI ho sakatA hai / isakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / svAdiSTa kArya isa prakAra hai- 'he rAja 3 nih'| yahA~ 'dUrAdAmantrayasya ... 7 / 4 / 99 para aura nitya hone se plutavidhi pahale hogI, bAda meM pluta 'a' ke bAda Aye hue 'n' kA 'hUsvAnGaNano dve' 1/3/27 se dvitva nahIM hogA / 199 isa nyAya ke isa aMza kA jJApaka, 'hUsvAnGaNano- ' 1/3/27 meM 'husvAt' isa prakAra sAmAnya se hrasva kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha hai kyoMki yahA~ pluta na ho aise hI hrasva se para Aye hue 'Ga, Na, na' kA dvitva iSTa hai kintu pluta ho aise hrasva se para Aye hue 'Ga Na, na' kA dvitva iSTa nahIM hai, tathApi sUtra meM sAmAnya se hrasva kA vidhAna kiyA gayA vaha isa nyAya ke astitva ke kAraNa hI / dIrghAdiSTakArya isa prakAra hai : 'adIrghAdvirAmaikavyaJjane' 1/3/32 meM dIrgha kA varjana karane para bhI dIrgha ke sthAna para hue pluta kA, isa nyAya ke kAraNa varjana nahIM hotA hai ataH 'he go3 trAta, he go3 trAta' meM dIrgha ke sthAna para hue pluta se para Aye hue takAra kA 'adIrghAdvirAmaikavyaJjane' 1/3/32 se hI dvitva hogA / isa nyAyAMza kA jJApaka 'plutAdvA' 1 / 3 / 29 sUtra hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / 'anAG mAGo dIrghAdvA ccha: ' 1 / 3 / 28 sUtra se dIrgha ke sthAna para hue pluta se para Aye hue 'cha' kA dvitva siddha ho hI jAtA thA tathApi dIrgha ke sthAna para hue pluta se para Aye hue 'cha' kA dvitva karane ke lie 'plutAdvA' 1 / 3 / 29 kiyA kyoMki isa nyAya ke kAraNa dIrgha zabda se nirdiSTa kArya dIrgha ke sthAna para huai pluta ko nahIM hotA hai / ataH 'anAGmAGo dIrghAdvA ccha: ' 1 / 3 / 28 se dIrgha ke sthAna para hue pluta se para Aye hue 'cha' kA dvitva nahIM hogA / ata eva dIrgha ke sthAna para kiye gaye pluta se para Aye hue 'cha' kA dvitva karane ke lie 'plutAdvA' 1 / 3 / 29 sUtra kiyA hai / udA. Agaccha bho indrabhUte 3 cchatramAnaya, Agaccha bho indrabhUte 3 chatramAnaya / ' yahA~ dIrgha ke sthAna para hue plutasvara 'indrabhUte3' ' meM 'e3' hai usase para Aye 'cha' kA vikalpa se dvitva 'anAG mAGo dIrghAdvA ccha: ' 1/ 3/28 se nahIM hogA kintu 'plutAdvA' 1 / 3 / 29 se hI hogA / isa nyAya kI anityatA mAlUma nahIM paDatI hai / isa nyAya ke hUsvAMza meM jJApaka ke rUpa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'hrasvAn GaNano dve' 1/3/ 27 meM 'hUsvAn' isa prakAra sAmAnyokti kI gaI hai isako batAyA hai| isa bAta kA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki sAmAnyokti karane se, pluta rUpa kA grahaNa iSTa nahIM hai, aisA

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200 / nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) lakSyaikacakSuSkavaiyAkaraNa ke lie sujJeya hai, tathApi yaha bAta apane/hamAre jaise lakSaNaikacakSuSka loka lie durjeya hone se aura AcAryazrI ne svayaM, vaisA artha nahIM kahA hai, ataH isa aMza kA anya jApaka khojanA cAhie yA 'dIrghAza' ke jJApaka dvArA hI 'ekadezAnumatyA' saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai, aisA mAnanA cAhie / he baTo 3 ehi ' ityAdi prayoga meM isa nyAya ke anityatva kI kalpanA kI gaI hai kintu vaha sahI nahIM hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne nyAsa meM usakA khaMDana karate hue kahA hai ki 'he baTu + si ', sthiti meM, 'baTu' ke 'u' kA 'dUrAdAmantryasya-' 7/4/99 para hone se prathama pluta hogA aura bAda meM 'hasvasya guNaH' 1/4/41 se 'u' kA guNa hogA, kintu yaha bAta sahI nahIM hai / guNa prathama hotA hai aura plutavidhi bAda meM hogI kyoMki 'hasvasya guNaH' 1/4/41 se honevAlA guNa, kevala Amantryanimittaka hai, ata: vaha antaraGga kArya hai , jabaki pa nutavidhi 'dUrAdAmantrya' nimittaka hai, ataH vaha bahiraGga hai / ata eva parAdantaraGga' nyAya se guNa hI prathama hogA, kintu plutavidhi prathama nahIM hogii| ataH isa prayoga ke lie yaha nyAya anitya hai aisA na va hanA caahie| yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paribhASAgraMtha meM upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH isa nyAya kA svIkAra kiyA jAya yA nahIM, yaha eka prazna hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya kA pUrNataH asvIkAra karate haiM / isakA kAraNa batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki isa nyAya kA koI phara na nahIM hai aura isakA koI jJApaka bhI nahIM hai / husvAMza meM jo phala batAyA gayA hai ki 'he rAja 3 niha' meM 'hasvAnGaNano dve' 1/3/ 27 se 'na' ke dvitva kA niSedha tathA 'plutAdvA' 1/3/29 sUtra kI sArthakatA ke lie isa nyAya kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, pariNAmataH 'he go 3 ttrAta, he go 3 bAta' isa prakAra 't' kA vikalpa se dvitva hotA hai| yahI kArya isa nyAya ke binA bhI siddha ho sakatA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai| 'he rAja 3 niha' prayoga meM prathama 'rAjan' kA svara 'a' pluta hogA kyoMki plutavidhi, padAntara (anya pada sambandhita ) svaranimittaka dvitva kI apekSA se antaraGga hai, jabaki dvitva bahiraGga kArya hai| ataH plutavidhi prathama hone para, hrasva nahIM milegA aura dvitva nahIM hogaa| / isa prayoga meM aisI zaMkA na karanI cAhie ki bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAra:' nyAya se, hrasva mAnakara dvitva kI prApti hotI hai, use rokane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / kyoMki koI bhI nyAya iSTa prayoga kI siddhi ke lie hI hotA hai, ataH yadi nyAya se aniSTa prayoga siddha hotA ho, to nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM karanI cAhie / yahA~ yadi isa 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH' nyAya kI pravRtti kareMge to 'devAniha' prayoga meM bhI usakI pravRtti karake 'na' kA dvitva karane kI Apatti AyegI aura ata eva 'hasvAna GaNano dve' 1/3/27 sUtra ke svopajJazabdamahArNavanyAsa meM bhI unhoMne kahA hai ki 'he rAja 3 n iha' meM 'rAjan' zabda se Amantrya meM 'si' kA lopa karane ke bAda 'nAmantrye' 2/1/92 se 'n' kA lopa nahIM hogaa| bAda meM plutavidhi antaraGga tathA para hone se prathama pluta hogA ora husva kA abhAva hone se dvitva nahIM hogaa| yahA~ AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM isa nyAya kA Azraya nahIM kiyA hai| aura isa nyAya ke dIrghAza ke jJApaka 'plutAdvA' 1/3/29 ke bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 74 ) 201 hai ki dIrgha aura pluta kI vAstavika / yathArtha bhinnatA batAne ke lie hI isI sUtra kI racanA kI gaI hai / 'plutAdvA' 1/3/29 sUtra ke svopajJazabdamahArNavanyAsa meM unhoMne kahA hai ki yadi dIrgha aura pluta donoM vastutaH bhinna ho to, anuvRtta 'dIrghAd' pada aura 'plutAd' pada ke bIca vizeSaNa vizeSyabhAva sambandha kisa prakAra saMbhava hai / usakA pratyuttara dete hue kahate haiM ki dIrgha dvimAtrAyukta aura pluta trimAtrAyukta hai / ataH donoM ke bIca sAmAnyAdhikaraNya arthAt vizeSaNa- vizeSyabhAva sambandha asaMbhavita hone para bhI 'maJcAH krozanti' kI taraha sthAna kA upacAra karane se vizeSaNa vizeSya bhAva sambandha ho sakatA hai 'dIrgho 'syAsti sthAnitvena' isa prakAra vigraha karake 'abhrAditvAd'- 'abhrAdibhyaH ' 7/2/46 se 'a' pratyaya hone para dIrgha zabda se hI pluta kA bhI kathana hotA hai, ataH donoM ke bIca sAmAnyAdhikaraNya prApta hotA hai / aura isa prakAra dIrgha aura pluta ke bIca svAbhAvika bhinnatA / bheda hone se hI dIrghApadiSTa kArya pluta ko nahIM hogA / ata eva pUrva ke 'anAG mAGo ' .....1 / 3 / 28 sUtra se 'cha' kA dvitva prApta nahIM hogA / isI kAraNa se pluta se para Aye hue 'cha' kA dvitva karane ke lie 'plutAdvA' 1/3/29 sUtra karanA Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra 'plutAdvA' 1 / 3 / 29 sUtra se isa nyAya kA jJApana nahIM ho sakatA hai tathApi zAyada laghunyAsakAra ke kathanAnusAra yahA~ bhI zrImahaMsagaNi ne isI sUtra ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA hai kintu Upara batAyA usI prakAra se usakA bhI khaMDana ho jAtA hai aura 'ekadvitrimAtrA hrasvadIrghaplutAH ' 1/1/5 sUtra meM sthAnI ke rUpa meM tIna mAtrAvAlA svara liyA gayA hai, ataH svAbhAvika saMjJAbheda ho jAne se hrasvApadiSTa yA dIrghApadiSTa kArya pluta ko kadApi nahIM hotA hai / ata eva isa nyAya kA nyAya ke svarUpa meM svIkAra karanA nahIM cAhie, aisI apanI mAnyatA hai / anyathA vidvAn sajjana apanI-apanI rItise, isake bAre meM vicAra karake nirNaya kareM / // 74 // saMjJottarapadAdhikAre pratyayagrahaNe pratyayamAtrasyaiva grahaNaM na tadantasya // 17 // saMjJA sUtra meM aura uttarapada ke adhikAra sUtra meM pratyaya ke grahaNa se, kevala usI pratyaya kA hI grahaNa karanA kintu usI pratyayAnta zabda kA grahaNa nahIM karanA / 1 sAmAnyatayA, jahA~ sUtra meM kevala pratyaya kA hI grahaNa ho, vahA~ usI pratyayAnta zabda kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / vastutaH pratyaya meM hI prakRti kA AkSepa kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki pratyaya hamezAM prakRti ke sAtha hI hotA hai, prakRti ke binA pratyaya kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai / ataH akele pratyaya kA grahaNa kiyA ho, vahA~ tadanta kA grahaNa hotA hai / usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai aura yaha niSedha 'saMjJAdhikAra' aura 'uttarapadAdhikAra' meM hI pravRtta hotA hai / * saMjJAdhikAra meM pratyayagrahaNa se 'tadanta' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai udA.' styAdirvibhaktiH' 1/1/19 sUtra kA artha, 'syAdyanta aura tyAdyanta ko vibhakti saMjJA hotI hai, aisA nahIM karanA kintu 'kevala, syAdi aura tyAdi pratyayoM ko hI vibhakti saMjJA hotI hai,' isa prakAra artha karanA /

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202 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) isa nyAyAMza kA jJApaka, saMjJAdhikAra meM Aye 'tadantaM padam' 1/1/20 sUtra meM 'anta' zabda kA grahaNa hai / yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to , kevala 'sA padam' kahane se bhI pratyaya meM prakRti kA AkSepa ho jAtA aura tadantavidhi kI prApti ho hI jAtI, to 'anta' zabda kA prayoga kyoM kiyA jAya ? kintu yaha nyAyAMza hone ke kAraNa saMjJAdhikAra meM, tadantavidhi prApta nahIM hogI, aisI AzaMkA se hI sUrijI ne 'tadantaM padam' 1/1/20 sUtra meM 'anta' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai / isa nyAyAMza kI caMcalatA/anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai| uttarapadAdhikAra meM pratyaya grahaNa se 'tadanta' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'na nAmyekasvarAt khityuttarapade'maH' 3/2/9 se uttarapada kA adhikAra zurU hotA hai / usI adhikAra meM Aye hue 'kAlAttanatara' - 3/2/24 sUtra meM Aye 'tana, tara' ityAdi se kevala 'tana tara' ityAdi pratyaya kA hI grahaNa karanA kintu vahI 'tana, tara' ityAdi pratyaya jisake anta meM Ate haiM vaise zabdoM kA grahaNa nahIM karanA / (udA. 'pUrvAhnetanaH pUrvAhnatanaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'tana' ityAdi pratyaya para meM Ane para, saptamI kA vikalpa se lup nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ 'kAlAt tanataratamakAle 3/2/24 sUtra meM kevala 'tana, tara, tama' pratyaya hI lenA kintu usI pratyayAnta zabda nahIM lenA / ) isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana, 'uttarapadAdhikAra' meM Aye 'navA'khitkRdante rAtreH' 3/2/117 sUtra sthita 'anta' zabda se hotA hai :- vaha isa prakAra hai / yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to yahA~ 'navA'khitkRdante rAtreH 3/2/117 meM bhI 'khitkRti' kahA hotA to bhI, pratyaya meM prakRti kA AkSepa karake tadantavidhi prApta ho sakatI thI hI, tathApi sUtra meM 'anta' zabda kA prayoga kyoM kiyA ? kintu yaha nyAyAMza hone kI AzaMkA se hI 'tadanta' vidhi kI prApti karAne ke lie anta zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| yaha nyAyAMza caTula/anitya hai / ataH 'nesiddhasthe' 3/2/29 sUtra uttarapada ke adhikAra meM hone para bhI vahA~ 'in' pratyaya se 'in' pratyayAnta zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai| ataH 'sthaNDilazAyI' ityAdi prayoga meM 'in'antavAlA 'zAyin' zabda para meM hone para 'tatpuruSe kRti' 3/2/20 se prApta saptamI ke alup kA niSedha huA hai / ataH saptamI kA lup huA hai| saMjJA aura uttarapada ke adhikAra meM, yadi pratyaya ke grahaNa se tadanta kA grahaNa ho to kaisI paristhiti paidA hotI, isake bAre meM spaSTIkaraNa karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yadi saMjJAdhikAra aura uttarapada ke adhikAra meM 'tadanta' kA grahaNa hotA to 'styAdirvibhaktiH' 1/1/19 sUtra se 'si' aura 'ti' Adi ko vibhakti saMjJA hone ke sthAna para 'syanta' aura 'tyanta' zabda ko vibhakti saMjJA hotI arthAt 'gRhaM, putrANAm' ityAdi ko vibhakti saMjJA hogI / ata: 'tadantaM padam' 1/1/20 sUtra se, ve jisake anta meM haiM, aise 'kASThagRhaM, yuSmatputrANAm' ityAdi ko padasaMjJA hogI aura saMpUrNa 'yuSmatputrANAm' ko syAdyanta yuSmat mAnakara 'vas' ityAdi Adeza hone kI Apatti AyegI / aisI paristhiti kA nivAraNa karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 74 ) 203 isa nyAya ke jJApaka 'tadantaM padam ' 1/1 / 20 sUtra meM 'anta' grahaNa kyoM kiyA ? isake bAre meM spaSTatA karate hue zrIhemacandrasUrijI bRhannyAsa meM kahate haiM ki yadi 'anta' grahaNa na kiyA jAya to isa nyAya ke kAraNa, si ityAdi ko 'pada' saMjJA ho jAya aura 'agniSu' ityAdi meM 'su' kA 's' pada ke madhya meM Ane ke bajAya pada kI Adi meM ginA jAya aura ataH Satva nahIM hogA, aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI, kyoM ki 'pratyayaH prakRtyAde: ' 7/4/115 paribhASA se tadantavidhi prApta ho sakatI hai / usakA pratyuttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki 'pada' saMjJA meM 'anta' kA grahaNa kiyA isase jJApita hotA hai ki saMjJAprakaraNa meM sarvatra tadantavidhi nahIM hotI hai| ataH isI sUtra ke pUrvavartI sUtra 'styAdirvibhaktiH ' 1/1/19 meM 'tadanta' kI vibhakti saMjJA nahIM hogI / anyathA tadanta kI 'vibhakti' saMjJA ho jAya to 'zeSAya yuSmadvRddhihitAya namaH' ityAdi meM 'yuSmadvRddhihitAya' kA 'te' Adeza hone kI Apatti AyegI / ataH 'agniSu' ityAdi meM kevala 'su' ityAdi pratyaya ko 'pratyayaH prakRtyAdeH ' 7/4/115 paribhASA se pada saMjJA nahIM hogI / isa nyAya ke do vibhAga haiM, 1. saMjJAvidhi meM pratyaya ke grahaNa se, usI pratyayAnta kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / 2. uttarapada ke adhikAra meM bhI pratyaya ke grahaNa se usI pratyayAnta kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| isameM prathama saMjJAvidhi meM pratyaya ke grahaNa se tadanta kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, isa prakAra kevala zabdArtha karane se 'nAma' saMjJA vidhAyaka 'adhAtuvibhaktivAkyamarthavannAma' 1/1/27 sUtra meM kathita 'vibhakti' zabda se 'vibhaktyanta kA grahaNa nahIM hogA kintu kevala 'vibhakti' kA hI grahaNa hogA kyoM ki 'adhAtuvibhakta'... 1/1/27 sUtra saMjJAdhikAra meM hai / ataH vibhaktyanta ko 'nAma' saMjJA hone para, usake avayavasvarUpa syAdi pratyaya kA lopa karane kI Apatti aayegii| ataH vibhaktyanta ko 'nAma' saMjJA na ho, isa Azaya se prastuta nyAya kA zAbdabodha kisa prakAra kiyA jAya, usakI carcA karate haiM, usake niSkarSa ke rUpa meM kahate haiM ki 'saMjJAniSThavidheyatayA sAkSAnnirUpitA yoddezyatA tatprayojakaM pratyayabodhakaM padaM, na tadanta bodhakam / ' saMjJA meM sthita jo vidheyatA, usI vidheyatA dvArA sAkSAt nirUpita jo uddezyatA, usI uddezyatA kA prayojaka aisA jo pratyaya, vaha sva kA hI bodhaka hotA hai, kintu pratyayAnta kA bodhaka nahIM hotA hai / prastuta sUtra meM 'nAma' saMjJA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| jo koI zabda arthavat hai, use uddezya banAkara yaha vidhAna kiyA gayA hai tathA uddezyatA 'arthavat ' meM hai aura pratyayabodhaka 'vibhakti' pada se 'kevala vibhakti ke pratyaya' aisA artha na lekara 'vibhaktyanta' artha liyA jAyegA, isase koI doSa paidA nahIM hogA, kintu yahI / aisA artha karane se 'A'tumo'tyAdiH kRt' 5 /1/1 - saMjJAdhikAra sUtra meM 'atyAdiH' se 'tyAdyantabhinna' artha bhI liyA jAyegA, jo iSTa nahIM / yahA~ uparyukta samajhautA anusAra, 'kRt' saMjJA ke uddezya bananevAle 'tum' paryanta pratyaya hone se isI uddezya kA prayojaka 'tyAdi' pratyaya nahIM hai| ataH 'tyAdi' pada se 'tyAdyanta' kA grahaNa karane meM koI Apatti nahIM AyegI /

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204 nyAyasaMgraha hindI vivaraNa) yahI aniSTApatti dUra karane ke lie uparyukta spaSTIkaraNa kI adhika spaSTatA karate hue kahA hai ki jisa pratyaya ko saMjJA kI gaI ho vaha pratyaya sAkSAt uddezya banatA hai aura aise sthala para pratyayavAcaka pada se tadanta kA grahaNa nahIM hogA, aisA isa nyAya kA artha samajhanA cAhie / jahA~ pratyaya kI saMjJA svayaM uddezya banatI ho, vahA~ tadanta kA grahaNa ho sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se kRdanta aura taddhitAnta ko 'nAma' saMjJA prApta karane meM koI Apatti/bAdhA nahIM aayegii| saMjJA kA uddezya, pratyayatva vyApya dharmayukta ho, vahA~ bhI pratyayavAcaka pada se tadanta kA grahaNa nahIM hogA / yahA~ kRt ke uddezyasvarUpa 'tum' taka ke pratyayoM meM pratyayatva vyApya dharma hai / 'tyAdi' bhI pratyaya hai, ata eva 'tyAdi' yahA~ uddezya kA prayojaka banatA hai, aprayojaka nahIM / pariNAmataH 'tyAdibhinna' 'tum' taka ke pratyaya 'kRt' kahe jAte haiN| bRhanyAsa meM isa nyAya ke bAre meM kahA hai ki saMjJAdhikAra meM 'tadanta' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'Atumo'tyAdiH kRt' 5/1/1 sUtra meM tyAdi pratyayoM ke varjana se tadanta kA varjana nahIM karanA / aba 'adhAtuvibhaktivAkyamarthavannAma' 1/1/27 se kevala 'kRt' aura 'taddhita' pratyayoM ko hI 'nAma' saMjJA ho sakegI, kintu kRdanta aura taddhitAnta ko nAma saMjJA nahIM hogI / pariNAmataH 'chid, bhid' svarUpa 'kvibanta' kI 'nAma' saMjJA nahIM hogI, kyoM ki 'adhAtu' se usakA niSedha huA hai| 'pratyayalope pratyayalakSaNam' nyAya se bhI yahA~ 'nAma' saMjJA nahIM hogI kyoM ki pratyayanimittaka jo kArya hotA hai, vahI kArya pratyaya kA lopa hone para bhI hotA hai, kintu usI pratyaya se sambandhita/ pratyaya kA kArya ho vahI kadApi nahIM hotA hai kyoM ki kAryi ke svarUpa meM kadApi 'asat' kA svIkAra nahIM hotA hai| kRt aura taddhita kI hI nAma saMjJA hone se 'aupagavaH' sthala para SaSThI se aikArya nahIM hone se lopa nahIM hogaa| isI zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yadi saMjJI pratyaya ho to 'tadanta' kI saMjJA nahIM hotI hai, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki pratyaya kI jo saMjJA kI gaI ho vaha kRt, taddhita' Adi jisake anta meM ho aise kRdanta taddhitAnta ityAdi ko dUsarI 'nAma' saMjJA na ho / yaha bAta Upara batAyI gaI hai| __ 'adhAtuvibhaktivAkyamarthavannAma' 1/1/27 meM vibhakti ko chor3akara anya zeSa pratyaya jinake anta meM ho, aise zabdoM ko 'nAma' saMjJA hotI hai, aisA batAyA gayA hai aura bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki 'vibhaktyanta' ke varjana se 'Apa' ityAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM ko bhI 'nAma' saMjJA hotI hI hai aura anukrama se taddhitAnta aura kRdanta ke udAharaNa bhI diye gaye haiN| bRhannyAsa meM bhI kahA hai ki jinhoMne [pANini ityAdi ne] sAmAnyatayA pratyaya kA varjana kiyA hai, usake lie 'Apa' 'kRt' 'taddhita' ityAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM ko nAma (prAtipadika) saMjJA

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 74) 205 nahIM hotI hai / ataH unako, unhIM zabdoM se syAdi pratyaya karane ke lie anya vizeSa prayatna karanA par3A hai / jabaki yahA~ to 'vibhakti' ke varjana se hI ise chor3akara anya zeSa pratyayAnta zabdoM ko 'nAma' saMjJA hotI hI hai| vizeSa ke niSedha se sAmAnya meM tadanta kI anujJA mila jAtI hai / isa prakAra vibhaktyanta ke varjana se zeSa anya pratyayAnta zabda meM usameM sthita sAmAnya arthavattva ke kAraNa 'nAma' saMjJA hotI hai kintu kRdantatva yA taddhitAntatva ke kAraNa 'nAma' saMjJA nahIM hotI hai kyoM ki usameM svarUpa se uddezyatA ke upasthApaka padatva kA abhAva hai| dUsarI bAta yaha ki yadi sUtra kA vidhi yA niyama yA pratiSedhasvarUpa artha hotA ho to, usameM vidhisvarUpa artha hI balavAn hone se, vahI artha karanA, isa prakAra 'avibhakti' zabda meM paryudAsa naJ kA Azraya karane se vibhaktibhinna, vibhaktisadRza pratyayAnta arthavAn zabdoM ko 'nAma' saMjJA hotI hai, isa prakAra vidhi svarUpa artha hogA, jabaki vibhaktyanta ko 'nAma' saMjJA nahIM hotI hai, aisA pratiSedhArthaka artha nahIM hogaa| 'adhAtu' zabda kA niSedhasvarUpa artha hI ho sakatA hai, ataH dhAtu kA varjana kiyA gayA hai, to 'chid, bhid' ityAdi kvibanta dhAtuoM ko 'nAma' saMjJA kaise hogI ? kyoM ki 'kvibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti....' nyAya se usakA dhAtutva akSata hI rahatA hai / usakA samAdhAna dete hue kahA gayA hai ki ApakI zaMkA ucita nahIM hai kyoM ki 'avibhakti' meM paryudAsa na karane se, usake dvArA hI kRdantasvarUpa kvibanta ko 'nAma' saMjJA hogI hI / 'avibhakti' meM paryudAsa naJ se vidhisvarUpa artha hogaa| ataH 'adhAtu' se honevAle niSedha kI yahA~ 'kvibanta' meM pravRtti nahIM hogii| siddhahema kI paraMparA meM 'kRdanta' aura 'taddhitAnta' ko 'vibhaktibhinna pratyayAntatva' ke kAraNa se hI 'nAma' saMjJA hotI hai, kintu 'kRdantatva' yA 'taddhitAntatva' ke kAraNa usakI 'nAma' saMjJA nahIM hotI hai, vaise 'Apa' 'DI' ityAdi pratyaya jisake anta meM haiM vaise zabda aura 'samAsa' ityAdi ko bhI sAmAnya 'arthavattva' aura vibhaktibhinna pratyayAntatva ke kAraNa hI 'nAma' saMjJA hotI hai, tathApi anyatra kevala arthavattva ke kAraNa honevAlI 'nAma' saMjJA ke viSaya meM yahA~ 'adhAtu' se hue niSedha kI, Upara batAyA usI prakAra se 'avibhakti' sambandhita paryudAsaprAptavidhi ke kAraNa, apravRtti hogI, kintu jahA~ pratyayAntatva aura arthavattva na ho, vahA~ doSa hone se 'adhAtu' se niSedha huA hai, vaisA mAnanA cAhie / siddhahama vyAkaraNa meM isa nyAya ke 'uttarapadAdhikAra' aMza meM do jJApaka milate haiN| prathama jJApaka 'navA'khitkRdante rAtreH' 3/2/117 meM 'kRdante' zabda meM 'anta' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai, vaha hai / aisA lagatA hai ki A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko isa jJApaka ke bAre meM aruci hai / isake bAre meM vizeSa vimarza karate hue ve kahate haiM ki jahA~ kisI bhI pratyaya kA sAkSAt grahaNa kiyA ho vahA~ isa nyAya se 'tadantavidhi' kA niSedha hotA hai kintu pratyaya kI saMjJA ko yadi sUtra meM grahaNa kiyA ho to 'tadantagrahaNa' kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai arthAt 'tadanta' kA grahaNa hotA hai / ataH yahA~

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206 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'navA'khitkRdante rAtreH' 3/2/117 meM pratyaya kI saMjJA kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hone se 'tadanta' kA grahaNa hogA, ata: kevala 'kRti' kahA gayA hotA to bhI cala sakatA thA, tathApi kRdante' meM 'anta' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai, vahI vyartha hI hai / yahA~ aisI AzaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki 'pratyayaH prakRtyAdeH' 7/4/115 sUtra meM pratyaya zabda, sAkSAt pratyaya ke lie kahA gayA hone se tadantagrahaNa kA niSedha hotA hai kyoM ki 'pratyayaH prakRtyAdeH' 7/4/115 meM kisI eka pratyaya yA kisI nizcita pratyaya samudAya ke lie vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai kintu sarvasAmAnya sabhI pratyayoM ke lie vidhAna kiyA gayA hone se 'tadantagrahaNa' kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai aura akele kRt pratyaya kA kahIM bhI prayoga nahIM hotA hai aura uttarapada bhI kabhI akele kRtpratyaya svarUpa nahIM hotA hai ataH kevala 'kRti' kahane se hI 'tadantagrahaNa' ho hI jAyegA / ata: isa nyAya kA jJApana karane ke lie sUtra meM 'anta' grahaNa karanA ucita nahIM hai / aisA prathama jJApaka ke bAre meM kahakara ve dUsarA jJApaka batAte haiM / vaha isa prakAra hai : 'hRdayasya halAsalekhANye' 3/2/94 meM sthita 'lekha' zabda isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| isake bAre meM siddhahemabRhadvati meM kahA hai ki aN ke sAhacarya se hI 'lekha' zabda bhI 'aNanta' hI liyA jAyegA kintu ghaJanta 'lekha' zabda kA grahaNa nahIM karanA / ataH 'hRdayasya lekhaH hRdayalekhaH' hogA / aisA kahakara zrIhemacandrAcAryajI kahate haiM ki 'aNi' kahane se hI 'lekha' zabda kA grahaNa ho hI jAtA thA tathApi sUtra meM 'lekha' zabda rakhA, usase jJApana hotA hai ki uttarapada' ke adhikAra meM pratyaya ke grahaNa se tadanta kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda 'navA'khitkRdante rAtre:' 3/2/117 meM antagrahaNa sArthaka hotA hai / isa prakAra dUsarA jJApaka batAyA gayA hai| tathApi siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM 'navA'khitkRdante rAtre:' 3/2/117 kI vRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki 'idameva jJApakaM ihottarapadAdhikAre pratyayagrahaNe pratyayasyaiva grahaNaM, na tadantasya' / isa prakAra isI antagrahaNa ko zrIhemacaMdrAcAryajI ne svayaM mAnyatA/svIkRti dI hai, ataH use bhI A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI svIkAra karate haiN| usake bAre meM ve kahate haiM ki yadi isI sUtragata 'anta' zabda ko, isa nyAyAMza kA jJApaka mAnA jAya to 'hRdayasya hallAsalekhANye' 3/2/94 sUtragata 'lekha' zabda ko isa nyAya kA phala mAnanA caahie| __ yahA~ eka bAta khAsa taura se vicAraNIya hai ki jaise kisI eka nyAya kA prayoga eka se adhika, do-tIna-cAra ityAdi sthAna para pAyA jAtA hai, vaise kisI bhI nyAya kA jJApana eka se adhika sthAna para ho sakatA hai ? yA nahIM ? yahA~ isI nyAyAMza ke viSaya meM A. zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne svayaM spaSTa rUpa se do jJApaka batAye haiM / ataH isake bAre meM vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA khar3I huI hai| sAmAnyatayA saMpUrNa vyAkaraNa meM pratyeka nyAya ke kevala eka eka jJApaka batAye jAte haiM, aisI eka mAnyatA hai, kintu isI mAnyatA kA koI AdhAra/mUla nahIM hai kyoM ki pANinIya paramparA meM, anya kisI bhI vyAkaraNa paramparA se adhika paribhASAvRttiyA~ upalabdha/prApta haiN| usameM bhinna bhinna vRtti meM, bahuta se nyAya/paribhASAoM ke bhinna bhinna jJApaka batAye gaye haiM / eka vRtti meM jo jJApaka

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 74) 207 batAyA ho usase bilakula bhinna jJApaka anya vRtti meM batAyA jAtA hai / ata: merI apanI mAnyatAnusAra kisI bhI nyAya ke eka se adhika jJApaka honA ayukta nahIM hai / tathApi kisI ko aisI AzaMkA ho sakatI hai ki eka bAra eka jJApaka batalA diyA aura nyAya kI siddhi kara dI gaI, bAda meM anya sthAna para usI nyAya kI pravRtti na karanA yuktiyukta nahIM lagatA hai aura isa prakAra eka hI nyAya ke aneka jJApaka hoM vahA~ vahI jJApaka, jJApaka na rahakara, niyama ho jAtA hai| isake bAre meM adhika vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki uparyakta AzaMkA ucita hI hai kyoMki jaba/yadi eka hI nyAya ke viSaya meM aneka jJApaka prApta ho taba/tabhI vahI jJApaka, jJApaka na rahakara niyama bana jAtA hai kintu jaba eka hI nyAya ke viSaya meM sUtrakAra AcAryazrI svayaM do yA tIna jJApaka batA rahe hoM taba, isake bAre meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vahIM do yA tIna jJApakoM meM se kevala eka hI jJApaka balavAn ho sakatA hai / ise chor3akara anya jJApaka, sAmAnyatayA usI nyAya kA jJApana kara sakate hoM kintu vyAkaraNazAstra kI carcA ke kSetra meM nirbala siddha hote hoM yA hone kI saMbhAvanA ho to usake lie anya balavattara jJApaka rakhanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| prastuta nyAyAMza ke viSaya meM bhI prAyaH/zAyada 'navA'khitkRdante rAtreH' 3/2/117 aura 'hRdayasya halAsalekhANye' 3/2/94 meM se kisI eka jJApaka unako nirbala mAlUma par3A hogA, ata eva dUsarA jJApaka rakhA hogA, aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu ina donoM meM kauna sA jJApaka nirbala hai, usakI spaSTatA unhoM ne nahIM kI hai, ataH vidvAn loga svayaM isake bAre meM vicAra karake nirNaya kareM, vahI ucita hai / tathApi zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne ina donoM jJApaka meM se 'navA'khitkRdante rAtreH' 3/2/117 sUtragata 'anta' zabda ko jJApaka mAnA hai| isake bAre meM 'taraMga' nAmaka TIkA meM unhoMne batAyA hai ki 'hRdayasya hallAsalekhANye' 3/2/94 sUtragata aN antavAle 'lekha' zabda aura 'navA'khitkRdante rAtre:' 3/2/117 sUtragata 'anta' zabda donoM ko jJApaka mAnanA paraspara viruddha pratIta hotA hai tathApi 'lekha' zabda ko zabdarUpa vizeSaNa mAnakara 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA se 'lekha' zabda jisake anta meM ho, vaise 'paramalekha' Adi zabda para meM Ane para 'hRdaya' kA 'hRd' Adeza hotA hai, aisA artha karane para 'hRtparamalekha' ityAdi meM 'hRdaya' kA 'hRd' Adeza ho sakatA hai / ataH sUtra meM 'lekha' zabda kA grahaNa sArthaka hotA hai aura isa prakAra vaha jJApaka nahIM banatA hai, aisA kucheka vidvAnoM kA mata hai, usakA samarthana karane ke lie 'hRdayasya halAsalekhANye' 3/2/94 sUtragata 'lekha' zabda ko jJApaka na mAnanA cAhie aura 'navA'khitkRdante rAtreH'3/2/117 sUtragata 'anta' zabda kI anya kisI prakAra se sArthakatA siddha nahIM hotI hai, ata: use hI jJApaka mAnanA ucita hai| 'khityanavyayAruSo mo'nto husvazca 3/2/111 sUtra uttarapada ke adhikAra meM hone para bhI vahA~ 'khiti' zabda se khitpratyayAnta kA grahaNa hotA hai / vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA kA phala hai aura 'khiti' zabda se yahA~ tadanta kA grahaNa kisa prakAra hotA hai, usakI carcA vizeSa rUpa se zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne kI hai kintu vaha yahA~ aprastuta aura anAvazyaka hone se yahA~ nahIM dI hai / jijJAsu vahA~ se dekha leN|

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208 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'ghaJyupasargasya bahulam' 3/2/86 sUtra bhI uttarapada ke adhikAra meM hai / ataH isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'ghaji' ke sthAna meM 'ghaJante' kahanA cAhie, tathApi 'ghaJyupasargasya bahulam' 3/2/86 sUtra ke sAmarthya se hI tadantavidhi prApta hogI / anyathA sUtra vyartha hogA kyoM ki dhasvarUpa uttarapada kabhI hI prApta nahIM hai| yahA~ koI zaMkA kara sakatA hai ki 'a' zabda se 'AcAra' artha meM 'kvip' pratyaya karake nAmadhAtu banAkara usase, 'ghaJ' pratyaya karane para dhAtu svarUpa kA 'lugasyA'detyapade 2/1/113 se lopa hogA aura ghaJ' svarUpa 'a' hI zeSa bacegA, usakA upasarga ke sAtha sambandha karane para upasarga ke bAda 'ghaJ' AyegA / vahA~ upasarga kA antya svara dIrgha hogA / kintu isI paristhiti meM 'ghaJyupasargasya bahulam' 3/2/86 sUtra kI koI pravRti hI nahIM hogI kyoMki yadi upasarga nAmyanta hogA to 'isvo'pade vA' 1/2/22 se hasva hogA aura yadi upasarga akArAnta hogA to 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se donoM milakara dIrgha hI hogA / ataH ghanimittaka dIrgha kA yahA~ koI prayojana nahIM hai / isa prakAra sUtra ke vaiyarthya ko dUra karane ke lie tadantavidhi karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai / 'saMjJAvidhau na tadantavidhiH' yA 'saMjJAvidhau pratyayagrahaNe na tadantavidhiH' svarUpa nyAya sabhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM hai tathA uttarapada ke adhikAra meM pratyayagrahaNa ke viSaya meM aisA nyAya 'satyavidhau na tadantavidhiH' (jainendra paribhASA-55) aura 'dyAvityadhikAre tyagrahaNaM svarUpagrahaNameva (jai-60) rUpa meM kahIM kahIM prApta hai| // 75 // grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH // 18 // 'nAma' kA grahaNa karake jo kArya karane ko kahA gayA ho vahI kArya, vahI 'nAma' jisake anta meM ho, aise zabdoM( samAsa Adi )se nahIM hotA hai| "nirdeze sati' yahA~ adhyAhAra samajha lenA / sAkSAt 'nAma' kA grahaNa karake, jo kArya karane ko kahA ho vahI kArya, vahI zabda yadi samAsa Adi zabdasamudAya ke anta meM AyA ho to arthAt vahI 'nAma' jisake anta meM hai, aise samAsa Adi se nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'sUtrapradhAno naDaH, sUtranaDaH tasya apatyam' / yahA~ 'ata iJ' 6/1/ 31 se 'iJ' pratyaya hogA aura 'anuzatikAdi' hone se 'anuzatikAdInAm' 7/4/27 se ubhayapada ke Adha svara kI vRddhi hogI aura 'sautranADiH' zabda hogA / yahA~ 'sUtranaDaH' zabda se 'naDAdibhya AyanaNa' 6/1/53 se 'AyanaNa' pratyaya nahIM hogaa| __yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki yahA~ isa nyAya kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? kyoM ki 'sUtranaDa' zabda 'naDAdi' zabda se bhinna hai, ata: 'AyanaN kI prApti hI nahIM hai / usakA uttara isa prakAra hai / jaise 'gavendra' zabda meM 'indra' zabda para meM hone para 'indre' 1/2/30 se 'go' ke 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza hotA hai, vaise 'gavendrayajJa' zabda meM bhI 'indrayajJa' zabda para Ane para 'go' ke 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza hotA hai / yahA~ 'indrayajJa' zabda meM 'indra' rUpa zabdAvayava ke prAdhAnya kI vivakSA kI gaI hai| www.jaineHilorery.org.r

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209 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 75) Upara batAyA usI prakAra yahA~ 'sUtranaDa' zabda meM 'naDa' zabda ke prAdhAnya kI vivakSA kI gayI hai, ataH kevala 'naDa' zabda se jaise 'AyanaNa' hotA hai, vaise 'sUtranaDa' zabda se bhI 'AyanaN' pratyaya hone kI prApti hai, kintu isa nyAya se niSedha kiyA gayA hone se 'AyanaN' nahIM hogA kintu 'ata iJ' 6/1/31 se 'iJ' pratyaya hI hogA / isa prakAra jaba avayava ke prAdhAnya kI vivakSA kI jAyegI taba hI isa nyAya kI prApti/ pravRtti kA saMbhava hai| anyathA 'nAma' ke grahaNa se nirdiSTa kArya, vahI 'nAma' jisake anta meM ho aise samAsa Adi ko kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai / ataH yaha nyAya niravakAza yA vyartha ho jAtA hai, ata eva 'nAmagrahaNa' se nirdiSTa kArya, vahI 'nAma' rUpa avayava ke prAdhAnya kI vivakSA ho, aise samAsa Adi ko usI kArya kI prApti hotI hai, usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| isa nyAya kA jJApana 'mAleSIkeSTakasyA'nte'pi bhAritUlacitte' 2/4/102 sUtragata 'anta' zabda se hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai -: yahA~ 'mAleSIkeSTaka'-2/4/102 meM 'anta' zabda kA grahaNa karane se 'mAlabhAri' zabda kI taraha 'utpalamAlabhAri' ityAdi prayoga meM bhI hUsva hotA hai / ___ yadi avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA karane se hI 'mAlA' zabda kI taraha 'utpalamAlA' ityAdi zabda ke antya kA hrasva ho hI jAtA to, yahA~ 'anta' zabda kA grahaNa kyoM kiyA ? arthAt grahaNa na kiyA hotA kintu 'mAlA' svarUpa 'nAmagrahaNa' se nirdiSTa husvavidhi, isa nyAya se 'utpalamAlA' ityAdi zabdoM se nahIM hotI hai| ataH vahA~ isvavidhi karane ke lie sUtra meM anta' zabda rakhA gayA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hone se vyAzraya mahAkAvya meM (sarga -2, zloka-67) 'priyAsRjo'sAvapRNada dviDasnA' paMkti meM 'priyAsRjaH' aura 'dviDasnA' donoM prayoga meM samAsa ke anta meM Aye 'asRj' kA 'dantapAda-nAsikA-hRdayAsRg-yUSodaka-doryakRcchakRto datpannas hRdasan-yuSannudan doSan yakaJchakan vA' 2/1/101 se vikalpa se 'asan' Adeza kiyA hai| isa nyAya ke taralatva kA jJApana 'kevalasakhipaterauH' 1/4/26 sUtrastha 'kevala' zabda se hotA hai| aura usI 'kevala' zabda ke kAraNa hI 'priyasakhau, narapatau 'ityAdi prayoga meM 'Gi' pratyaya kA 'au' Adeza nahIM hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'sakhipaterauH' sUtraracanA karane para bhI 'priyasakhau, narapatau' ityAdi meM 'autva' kA niSedha ho hI jAtA, to sUtra meM 'kevala' zabda kA prayoga kyoM kiyA jAtA? arthAta na kiyA jAtA, tathApi kevala' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA sUcita karatA hai| 'upapadavidhiSu na tadantavidhiH' svarUpa eka dUsarA nyAya bhI kahIM kahIM prApta hotA hai / usakA artha isa prakAra hai :- jahA~ koI nizcita upapada se para Aye hue koI nizcita dhAtu se nizcita pratyaya hotA ho, vahA~ vahI upapada yadi kisI samAsa ke anta meM AyA ho to vaise samAsa se para Aye hue, usI dhAtu se bhI, vahI pratyaya nahIM hotA hai| 18

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210 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) udA. 'yogakSemau karoti iti zIlA yogakSemakarI / ' yahA~ 'kSema' zabda, 'yogakSema' samAsa ke anta meM AyA huA hai / ataH 'kSemapriyamadrabhadrAt khANa' 5/1/105 se 'kSema' svarUpa upapada se para Aye hue 'kR' dhAtu se honevAle 'kha' aura 'aN' pratyaya nahIM hoMge, kintu 'hetutacchIlAnukUle 'zabda zloka-kalaha-gAthA-vaira-cATu-sUtra-mantrapadAt' 5/1/103 se 'Ta' pratyaya hI hogA / yadi 'kha' aura 'aN' pratyaya hote to 'yogakSemaMkarA, yogakSemakArI' jaise aniSTa rUpa hote, ve nahIM hote haiM / isa nyAya kA jJApana 'nagnapalitapriyAndhasthUlasubhagADhyatadantAcLyarthe'cverbhuva: khiSNukhukaau' 5/1/128 meM sthita 'anta' zabda se hotA hai / 'anagno nagno bhavati iti nagnaMbhaviSNuH nagnaMbhAvukaH' meM jaise 'khiSNu' aura 'khukaJ' pratyaya hue haiN| vaise 'ananagno anagno bhavati iti anagnaMbhaviSNuH, anagnaMbhAvukaH' ityAdi prayoga meM bhI 'khiSNu' aura 'khukaJ' pratyaya karane ke lie 'nagnapalitapriyAndha'- 5/1/128 sUtra meM 'anta' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai| yadi 'upapadavidhiSu na tadantavidhiH' nyAya na hotA to 'anagnaMbhaviSNuH anagnaMbhAvukaH' ityAdi prayoga meM bhI 'nagna' zabda kI pradhAnatA kI vivakSA se hI 'khiSNu' ora 'khukaJ' pratyaya honevAle hI the to phira usake lie sUtra meM 'anta' zabda kyoM rakhA ? kintu 'nagnapalitapriyAndha'- 5/1/128 sUtra meM 'anta' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA usase sUcita hotA hai ki 'upapadavidhiSu na tadantavidhiH' nyAya bhI hai| kinta isI 'upapadavidhiSa...' nyAya 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' nyAya meM hI samAviSTa ho jAtA hai kyoM ki upapadavidhi meM upapada ke 'nAma' grahaNa dvArA hI kArya kahA gayA hai aura upapada bhI 'nAma' hI hai| aura 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH' nyAya bhI vyAkaraNazAstra meM udAharaNa aura jJApaka ke sAtha dekhane ko milatA hai / vaha isa prakAra : uNAdi sUtra se niSpanna 'nyaGka' zabda meM jaba avyutpatti pakSa kA Azraya kareMge taba 'nyakoridama (mRgavizeSasyedam )' artha meM 'aN' pratyaya hogA aura 'naiyaGkavam' tathA 'nyAGkavam' rUpa hoMge / yahA~ jaise 'nyaGka' zabda meM 'nyaGkorvA' 7/4/8 se 'nyaGka' zabda ke yakAra se pUrva aikAra vikalpa se huA hai, vaise 'nyakacarman' zabda se 'nyakacarmaNaH idam' artha meM avayava prAdhAnya kI vivakSA meM bhI 'nyakorvA' 7/4/8 se usake yakAra se pUrva vikalpa se aikAra nahIM hogA kyoM ki yaha nyAya usakA niSedha karatA hai| 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH' nyAya kA jJApana 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 se hotA hai| isI sUtra se jaise 'dvArAdeH' 7/4/6 sUtra meM Aye hue 'dvAra' ityAdi zabda ke 'va' kAra se pUrva 'au' kAra hotA hai, vaise 'dvAra' zabda jisake Adi meM hai, aise zabda ke avayava svarUpa 'dvAra' ityAdi ke vakAra se pUrva 'au' kAra hotA hai, vahI siddha hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / 'dvArAdeH' 7/4/6 sUtra meM 'dvAra' ityAdi zabdoM ke avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA karane para tadAdividhi kI prApti hotI hI hai / tathApi isa nyAya se usakA niSedha hone se usakA pratiprasava karane ke lie 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtra kiyA hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 75) 211 pratiprasava isa prakAra hotA hai - 'dvAre niyuktaH' vAkya meM 'tatra niyukte' 6/4/74 se 'ikaN' pratyaya hone para 'dauvArikaH' hotA hai / yahA~ jaise 'dvArAdeH' 7/4/6 se kevala 'dvAra' zabda ke vakAra se pUrva aukAra hotA hai, vaise 'dvArapAlasyApatyaM dauvArapAliH' prayoga meM bhI 'dvAra' zabda jisa kI Adi meM hai aise 'dvArapAla' svarUpa zabda samudAya meM bhI vakAra se pUrva aukAra iSTa hai aura vaha avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA se siddha ho sakatA thA, kintu 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH' nyAya se usakA niSedha hone se nahIM hogA / ataH 'dvAra' ityAdi zabda meM tadAdividhi hotI hai / usakA jJApana karane ke lie aura 'nyagrodha' zabda meM tadAdividhi nahIM hotI hai, kintu akele 'nyagrodha' zabda ke yakAra se pUrva aikAra hotA hai, aisA kahA / isa prakAra dvAra ityAdi zabda meM tadAdividhi hotI hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtra kiyA hai| 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hai :- jit Nit pratyaya para meM hone para akele 'nyagrodha' zabda ke yakAra se pUrva aikAra hotA hai / udA. 'nyagrodhasya vikAro daNDaH, naiyagrodho daNDaH' / akele 'nyagrodha' zabda ko kyoM ? to 'nyagrodhamUle bhavAH nyAgrodhamUlA: shaalyH|' bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai :- 'dvAra' ityAdi meM 'tadAdividhi' AcAryazrI ko iSTa hai kintu 'nyagrodha' zabda ke lie iSTa nahIM hai / yadi 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH' nyAya na hotA to 'nyagrodha' zabda ko 'dvAra' ityAdi zabdoM ke sAtha hI kahakara, aisA kahA hotA ki 'dvAra' ityAdi zabdoM ko avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA meM, usase tadAdividhi hotI hai kintu 'nyagrodha' zabda se 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH' nyAya se, usameM avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA na karane para, usase 'tadAdividhi' nahIM hotI hai arthAt kevala 'nyagrodha' zabda se hI usake ya se pUrva 'ai' hotA hai, kintu 'nyagrodha' zabda jisake Adi meM hai aise zabdasamudAya arthAt samAsa ityAdi meM 'ya' se pUrva 'ai' nahIM hogA aura isa prakAra saba prayoga siddha ho sakate haiM tathApi AcAryazrI ne, aisA nahIM kiyA, usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki isa prakAra kI vivakSA taba hI saphala hotI hai ki jaba usakA bAdhaka koI nyAya hotaa| kintu yahA~ 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH' nyAya hone se kevala 'nyagrodha' zabda sambandhita jo aikAravidhi iSTa hai, vahI siddha hogI kintu 'dvAra' ityAdi zabda meM tadAdividhi hogI hI, aisA kisI bhI prakAra se batAnA cAhie, aisA vicAra karake, usakA jJApana karane ke lie hI AcAryazrI ne 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtra kiyA hai| ___ataH isa prakAra jJApana hotA hai ki jo aikAra vidhi kevala 'nyagrodha' zabda se hotI hai, vahI vidhi 'dvAra' ityAdi zabda meM tadAdividhi arthAt 'dvAra' ityAdi zabda jisakI Adi meM haiM vaise zabdasamudAya/samAsa ityAdi meM bhI hotI hai aura isa prakAra dvAra' ityAdi zabda meM tadAdividhi hotI hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie jo 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtra kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kI AzaMkA se hI, kintu isa nyAya kA aisA sAkSAt pATha kahIM bhI prApta hotA na hone se, use pRthak batAyA nahIM hai| isa nyAya kI vizeSa carcA isa prakAra hai :- 'naDAdibhya AyanaN' 6/1/53 se 'sUtranaGa' .

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212 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) zabda se 'AyanaN' pratyaya hone kI prApti hai, use dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi, donoM mAnate haiM kintu usakI prApti ve donoM bhinna bhinna prakAra se batAte haiM / zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate hai ki 'satranaDa' zabda 'naDAdi' se anya hone se 'AyanaNa' honevAlA hI nahIM hai, to usakA niSedha karane ke lie isa nyAya kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? aisI zaMkA karake, ve svayaM hI uttara dete haiM ki jaise 'gavendra' meM 'indra' zabda para meM ho to 'go' ke 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza hotA hai, vaise 'gavendrayajJa' meM bhI indrarUpa avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA se hI 'indre' 1/2/30 se 'go' ke 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza hotA hai, vaise yahA~ sUtranaDa' zabda meM avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA se 'AyanaN' pratyaya hone kI prApti hai| jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'naDAdibhya AyanaNa' 6/1/53 ke arthAnusAra 'naDa' ityAdi nAma se AyanaN pratyaya hotA hai| aba 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA kI pravRtti karane para 'naDa' ityAdi zabda jisake anta meM hai aise 'sUtranaDa' ityAdi zabda se 'AyanaNa' pratyaya kI prApti hotI hai aura kevala 'naDa' zabda se 'Adyantavadekasmin' nyAya dvArA 'AyanaNa' pratyaya siddha ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra 'sUtranaDa' zabda se 'AyanaN' pratyaya kI prApti hai, kintu Upara batAyA usI taraha 'naDa' svarUpa avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA se 'AyanaNa' pratyaya kI prApti batAnA ucita nahIM hai| isake sabUta meM ve kahate haiM ki siddhahemabRhavRtti meM 'mAleSIkeSTakasyAnte'pi bhAritUlacite' 2/4/102 kI vRtti ke 'idameva jJApakaM grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' zabdagata 'idameva' zabda kI vyAkhyA svarUpa laghunyAsakAra kA mata batAte haiM / vaha isa prakAra hai / 'mAlA' ityAdi zabda nAma ke vizeSaNa hai| ataH 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 se tadanta nAma kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA thA aura akele 'mAlA' ityAdi zabda kA grahaNa 'Adyantavadekasmin' nyAya se ho jAtA hai tathApi 'ante'pi' zabda rakhA vaha isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / yahI bAta laghunyAsakAra kI hai| . aba zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI bAta ke bAre meM vicAra kareM / zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM nyAyavRtti ke 'indrarUpAvayavaprAdhAnyavivakSayA' zabda kI carcA karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa zabda kA sUtra meM 'nAma' pUrvaka grahaNa ho, vahI zabda, jisa samAsa ityAdi samudAya ke AdirUpa yA antarUpa avayava ke rUpa meM ho, to vahI samudAya bhI usI avayava ke yoga se vaise svarUpavAlA mAnA jAtA hai| udA. zukla rUpa avayava ke yoga meM 'staMbha' bhI zukla hI mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ taka kI unakI bAta sahI hai kintu Age jo batAyA ki 'indre' rUpa avayava ke yoga se 'indrayajJa' zabda bhI vaisA mAnA jAyegA / ataH 'go' ke 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza ho sakegA / 'indre' 1/2/30 sUtra ke saMdarbha meM unakI yahI bAta ucita nahIM lagatI hai, isake bAre meM Age carcA kI jAyegI / kintu isa prakAra 'sUtranaDa' zabda meM 'naDa' rUpa avayava ke prAdhAnya kI vivakSA ho taba 'naDAdibhya AyanaNa' 6/1/ 53 se 'AyanaNa' pratyaya hone kI prApti hai yA ho sakatA hai| aba 'indre' 1/2/30 sUtra sambandhita 'gavendrayajJa' meM sthita 'indrayajJa' zabda meM 'indra' rUpa avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA, zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne kI hai, jabaki 'Adyantavadekasmin' nyAya kI vRtti

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 75) 213 meM 'indrAditva' kI vivakSA kI hai| donoM paraspara viruddha pratIta hote haiM / usakA pratyuttara dete hue ve svayaM kahate haiM ki 'indre' kA kyA artha ? 'indra' zabda jisake Adi meM hai, vaisA zabda para meM ho to, ataH 'gavendrayajJa' meM hI 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza hogaa| jabaki 'gavendra' meM 'Adyantavadekasmin' nyAya se 'ava' Adeza hogA, kintu yaha bAta hamane laghunyAsakAra kI mAnyatAnusAra batAyI hai / jabaki vRttikAra kI mAnyatAnusAra yahA~ avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA hI hai kyoM ki vRtti meM kahA hai ki 'indre' kA kyA artha ? indra zabdagata 'i' para meM AyA ho to, aisA artha karane para jaise 'gavendra' meM 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza hotA hai, vaise 'gavendrayajJa' meM bhI 'o' kA ava' Adeza hotA hai arthAt 'i' svara jisameM hai aise indra zabda kI hI pradhAnatA hai| jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isake bAre meM kahate haiM ki laghunyAsakAra ne yahA~ avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA nahIM kI hai| ve kahate haiM ki laghunyAsakAra ne nyAsa meM 'indre' zabda ke bAre meM carcA karate hue kahA hai ki 'svara ityasyAdhikaraNamindre iti, tatastadAdAviti vaktavyam' arthAt 'indre' zabda anuvartamAna 'svare' kA vizeSaNa hI hai aura 'indre' zabda meM sthita saptamI vibhakti 'i' rUpa svara ke adhikaraNatva kA hI kathana karatI hai tathA 'tadAdAviti vaktavyam' vAkya bhI vRttikAra zrIhemacaMdrAcArya jI ke abhiprAya kA hI varNana karatA hai aura vRttikAra ne 'indrazabdasthe svare pare' kahA hai| ataH vahA~ 'indra' yA 'i' svarUpa avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA hai hI nahIM / kintu nyAsakAra kA dUsarA kathana/vAkya, isI mAnyatA ke anukUla nahIM hai kyoM ki unhoneM Age kahA hai ki 'kevale ca vyapadezivadbhAvAd bhavati' / isI vAkya ke AdhAra para zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne, 'indre' kA artha 'indrAdau zabde pare' kiyA hai, aisA mAnanA paDatA hai| saMkSepa meM laghunyAsakAra kI TippaNI dviarthI yA to saMdigdha pratIta hotI hai| ataH 'indre' 1/ 2/30 sUtra ke lie indrAditva kI kalpanA aura avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA ke lie usakA Azraya na lenA caahie| aura vastutaH vRttikAra ne 'indrasthe svare pare' kahane se hI 'gavendrayajJa' meM bhI 'o' kA 'ava' Adeza ho jAyegA / usake lie vyapadezivadbhAva' yA 'avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA' karane kI koI AvazyakatA hameM pratIta nahIM hotI hai| isa nyAya ke jJApaka 'mAleSIkeSTakasyAnte'pi bhAritUlacite' 2/4/102 meM sthita 'ante'pi' zabda hai / usakA jJApakatva siddha karane meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'vizeSaNamantaH'7/4/113 paribhASA kI pravRtti kI hai / jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA kI hai| isa nyAya ke svIkAra se hI 'pUrvamanena sAdezchan' 7/1/167 sUtra meM 'sAdezca' zabda caritArtha hotA hai| anyathA pUrva zabda se jaise 'in' pratyaya hotA hai vaise 'kRtapUrva' zabda se bhI 'in' pratyaya ho sakatA hai / yahA~ 'kRtapUrva' meM 'in' pratyaya karane ke lie zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA kI pravRtti kI hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 'pUrvAdini' (pA. 5/2/86 ) aura 'sapUrvAcca' (pA. 5/2/87) sUtra pUrvAcca (pA. 5/2/87) ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA hai kintu siddhahema meM, zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne 'mASIkeSTakasyAnte'pi bhAritUlacite' 2/4/ 102 meM sthita ' ante pi' zabda ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA hai / ataH usakA hI svIkAra karanA cAhie / 214 isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke bAre meM Age carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI batAte haiM ki siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'mAleSIkeSTakasyAnte'pi'- 2/4/ 102 sUtra ke 'ante'pi' aMza se yaha nyAya pratyaya - bhinnavidhiviSayaka hai, aisA jJApana hotA hai| ataH yaha nyAya, isa paramparA meM pratyayApratyayavidhi sAdhAraNa hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai aura jahA~ pratyayabhinnavidhiviSaya yA pratyayavidhi ho vahA~ isa nyAya kI apravRtti mAlUma detI ho to, zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai, usI prakAra 'kevalasakhipaterau : ' 1/ 4 / 26 sUtra ke 'kevala' zabda se isa nyAya kI anityatA jAna lenA / isa nyAya ke dvitIya jJApaka 'pUrvamanena sAdezcen' 7/1/167 sUtra ke 'sAdezva' zabda ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'pUrvamanena'-7/1/167 svarUpa sUtra se hI 'kRtapUrva' ityAdi meM bhI tadantavidhi honevAlI hI thI, ataH 'tadanta' grahaNa karane ke lie rakhe gae 'sAdezca' zabda kA vaiyarthya spaSTa hI hai, aura vaha vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai ki 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' nyAya hai / isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda isa nyAya se 'pUrva' zabda bhI nAma hone se tadantavidhi nahIM hogI, ataH 'kRtapUrvam' ityAdi se 'in' pratyaya karane ke lie 'sAdezca' kahanA Avazyaka hI hai / ataH isa prakAra vaha sArthaka bhI hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda 'mAleSIkeSTakasyAnte'pi' - 2/4/ 102 sUtra kA 'ante' zabda kA grahaNa bhI sArthaka hI hogA / kintu aisA karane para pratyayavidhiviSaya kI saMbhAvanA ho to, 'mAleSIkeSTakasyAnte'pi '-2/ 4 / 102 sUtragata 'api' zabda vyartha hotA hai / ataH pratyayabhinnavidhiviSaya meM 'ante'pi ' zabda dvArA hI jJApana karanA ucita hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki 'kevalasakhipaterau : ' 1/4/26 sUtra ke 'kevala' zabda ko jJApaka mAnA hai, vaha pratyayavidhiviSaya ke abhAva meM jAnanA / yadi pratyayavidhiviSaya kA Azraya kiyA jAya to 'mAleSIkeSTakasyAnte'pi ' - 2 / 4 / 102 sUtra kA 'ante'pi ' zabda sirpha spaSTatA karane ke lie hI hai aura 'kevalasaqhipaterau : ' 1/4 / 26 sUtragata 'kevala' zabda sArthaka hogA / yadi anityatva ke jJApana kI AvazyakatA pratIta ho to, anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'puruSahRdayAdasamAse' 7/9/70 sUtragata 'asamAse' zabda ko jAnanA / vaha isa prakAra hai :- puruSa aura hRdaya ke 'nAma' saMjJA ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hone se 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH ' nyAya se prApta, tadantavidhi ke niSedha ke kAraNa 'paramapuruSa' ityAdi samAsa se tadantavidhi nahIM honevAlI hai | ataH usakA niSedha karane ke lie 'asamAse' pada rakhA, vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kI anityatA batAtA hai / aura Upara batAyA usI taraha 'danta-pAda- nAsikA - 2/1/101 sUtra meM isa nyAya ke pratyaya

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 75) 215 vidhiviSayatva kA svIkAra karane para 'tadantavidhi' kisI bhI prakAra ke binA bAdha hotI hai / ataH 'priyAsRjo'sAvapRNad dviDasnA' aisA vyAzraya [ sarga-2, zloka-67] kA prayoga bhI saMgata hotA hai tathA isa nyAya ko kevala pratyayavidhiviSayaka mAnane para athavA sAmAnya se nAmagrahaNaviSayaka mAnane para, aise donoM prakAra se bhI upapadavidhi meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai / ataH 'upapadavidhiSu na tadantavidhiH' nyAya bhI 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' nyAya meM hI samAviSTa ho jAtA hai / ataH usakA pRthak nirdeza karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH' aisA bhI nyAya dekhane ko milatA hai, aisA kahakara zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'nyAyArthamaJjUSAbRhadvati' meM isakI siddhi kI hai, kintu yaha nyAya vAstava meM hai ki nahIM, isake bAre meM unako bhI zaMkA hai| yahI zaMkA isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM unake dvArA prayukta 'nyaGkazabdasya vyutpattipakSastviha nAdriyate, nyAyasattAsandehApAdakatvAt' zabda se abhivyakta hotI hai aura zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne ina zabdoM ke AdhAra para tathA siddhahemabRhavRtti ke anuSAGgika sabUtoM ko lekara yaha nyAya nirmUla hai arthAt aise kisI bhI nyAya kA astitva nahIM hai, aisA siddha kiyA hai| unakA kathana isa prakAra hai : siddhahemabRhadvRtti dvArA itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki 'dvAra' ityAdi zabdoM meM tadAdividhi hotI hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie hI nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtra meM kevalasya' zabda rakhA hai| kevala itane se hI isa nyAya kA jJApana nahIM hotA hai| isI kevalasya' zabda se isa nyAya kA jJApana taba hI ho sakatA hai ki jaba anya kisI bhI sabUta/pramANa se tadAdividhi siddha hotI ho, kintu yahA~ aisA koI bhI pramANa prApta nahIM hotA hai ki jisase koI bhI zabdasambandhita tadAdividhi' siddha hI ho / usake badale/bajAya yahA~ 'svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA' nyAya se 'dvAra' ityAdi zabdoM ko hI pratyayavidhi honevAlI hai kyoM ki usakA svarUpa se hI grahaNa kiyA hai / ataH 'dvArapAla' ityAdi 'tadAdi' zabdoM se, yahI vidhi kisI bhI prakAra se prApta nahIM hai, tathApi 'dvArapAla' ityAdi tadAdi' zabdoM se bhI, akele 'dvAra' zabda se jo vidhi hotI hai, vaha hotI hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtra meM 'kevalasya' zabda rakhA hai aura 'zvAderiti' 7/4/10 sUtra bhI isa bAta kA hI jJApana karatA hai / isa nyAya (tadAdividhi) kA jJApana 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtra se hotA hai, aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai aura unhoMne saMpUrNa sUtra ko jJApaka mAnA hai, jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 sUtragata 'kevalasya' zabda ko jJApaka mAnA hai kyoM ki isI sUtra kA niyamaparaka artha aura vidhiparaka artha batAyA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai :- siddhahema ke dvArAdeH' 7/ 4/6 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti ke 'zvAderiti' 7/4/10 iti pratiSedhAt dvArAdipUrvANAmapi bhavati dvArapAlasyApatyaM dauvArapAliH' zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue laghunyAsakAra kahate haiM ki 'zvan' zabda bhI 'dvArAdi' hI hai aura usase tadAdi kArya kA pratiSedha hone se hI 'dvArAdi' zabda meM tadAdi kArya kI prApti hotI hai / isa prakAra bRhadvRtti aura laghunyAsa, donoM se bodha ho sakatA hai ki 'dvAra' ityAdi

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216 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) zabda jisakI Adi meM hai, vaise pratyeka zabda ko 'dvArAdeH' 7/4/6 se honevAle kArya kI prApti kA abhAva hai, ata: 'zvAdi' zabda se usI kArya kI prApti hI nahIM hai, tathApi usakA niSedha kiyA, vaha 'tadAdividhi' dvArA usI kArya kI prApti kA jJApana spaSTatayA karAtA hai / yahA~ 'tadAdi' kArya kA niSedha kisI bhI nyAya se huA pratIta nahIM hotA hai| Age 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/7 kI bRhadvRtti meM 'nyagrodha' zabda ke vyutpattipakSa aura avyutpattipakSa kA Azraya karake sUtra kA artha batAyA hai aura kevalasyeti kim ?' kahakara udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'nyagrodhamUle bhavAH nyAgrodhamUlAH zAlayaH' 'nyagrodhAH santi asmin', 'RzyAditva' se cAturarthika 'ka' pratyaya karane para 'nyagrodhakam' hogA aura 'tatra bhavo nyAgrodhakaH' die haiM / isa prakAra samAsaghaTaka aura pratyayAntaghaTaka 'nyagrodha' zabda kA 'kevala' zabda dvArA vyAvartana hotA hai, aisA batAkara 'idamapi dvArAdInAM tadAdevidheApakam' kahA hai aura laghunyAsakAra ne 'idamapi' kI spaSTatA karate hue kahA hai ki 'na kevalaM zvAdeH', isa prakAra 'zvAdi' zabdoM se 'tadAdividhi' kA niSedha kiyA hai| aura isa prakAra sirpha/mAtra 'kevalasya' zabda ko hI jJApaka batAyA hai| aba saMpUrNa sUtra jJApaka kyoM nahIM banatA hai ? isakI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'nyagrodhasya kevalasya' 7/4/ 7 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti ke zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki 'yahI sUtra kyoM kiyA ?' to kahate haiM ki 'nyagrohatIti' arthAnusAra jaba vyutpatipakSa kA Azraya kiyA jAyegA taba 'nyak' zabda kI siddhi karate samaya, jo 'ni' zabda se prathamA hai, usI apekSA se, 'ni' kA ikAra padAnta meM hone se, usake sthAna para huA 'ya' bhI padAnta meM hogA, ataH 'yavaH padAntAt prAgaidaut' 7/4/5 se hI 'ai' Agama honevAlA thA, tathApi isa sUtra kI racanA kI, vaha niyama ke lie hai aura yadi avyutpattipakSa kA Azraya kareMge to, 'ya' padAnta meM nahIM hogA / ataH 'yvaH padAntAt-' 7/4/5 se 'ai' Agama nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH usake lie yaha sUtra kiyA / yaha artha vidhiparaka hai / aise saMpUrNa sUtra kA donoM pakSoM meM sArthakya hone se 'dvArAdi' zabda meM tadAdividhi kA vaha jJApaka hai, aisA kathana bRhavRtti se sammata nahIM lagatA hai| isake bAre meM vizeSa carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI apanI 'taraMga' nAmaka TIkA meM kahate haiM ki yadi 'nyaGkucarman' se 'nyorvA 7/4/8 sUtra se do rUpa iSTa haiM yA eka hI rUpa ? aura vaha kauna-sA rUpa iSTa hai ? isakA nirNaya karanA cAhie / yadi sirpha 'nyAGkacarmaNam' rUpa hI iSTa hotA to yahA~ avyutpattipakSa kA hI Azraya karanA cAhie kyoM ki jit Nit taddhita pratyaya aura 'nyaGka' zabda ke bIca avyavadhAna honA cAhie, vaha yahA~ prApta nahIM hai / ataH 'nyakorvA' 7/4/8 sUtra kI pravRtti svayaM hI nahIM hogI aura 'yvaH padAntAt'7/4/5 sUtra kI bhI pravRtti nahIM hogI kyoM ki isI sUtra meM bhI 'nyata' zabda aura nimitta ke rUpa jit Nit pratyaya ke bIca avyavadhAna hI honA cAhie, aisA batAyA hai, jo 'nyacarman' meM prApta nahIM hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 75) 217 aura yadi sirpha 'naiyaGkacarmaNam' rUpa hI iSTa hotA to vyutpattipakSa kA hI Azraya karanA caahie| aura donoM rUpa iSTa hoM to, donoM pakSa kA Azraya karanA cAhie aura isa prakAra yadi saMpUrNa nirvAha hotA ho to, yahI 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH' nyAya kA Azraya karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| ataH 'nyAGacarmaNama' rUpasiddhi dvArA yaha nyAya hai aisA svIkAra karanA prAmANika nahIM lagatA hai| isa prakAra 'naiyaGkavam' aura 'nyAGkavam', una donoM kI siddhi vyutpattipakSa aura avyutpattipakSa kA Azraya karake ho sakatI hai| ataH 'nyakorvA' 7/4/8 sUtra na karanA cAhie aisA na kahanA kyoMki 'nyaGkorvA' 7/4/8 sUtra se donoM pakSa meM siddha rUpoM ko sAdhutva prApta hotA hai / ata: vahI sUtra sArthaka kucheka vaiyAkaraNa, isI kAraNa se, isI prakAra ke sUtra kI racanA nahIM karate haiN| saMkSepa meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatAnusAra yahI 'tadAdividhi' kA nyAya sarvathA nirmUla hai aura isa nyAya ke abhAva meM 'nyaGkucarman' zabda se honevAle 'nyAGkacarmaNam' rUpa meM nyakorvA 7/4/ 8 se 'ai' Agama vikalpa se hogA, aisA bhI na kahanA kyoMki usakI prApti kA hI abhAva hai aura avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA meM 'ai' Agama hogA aisA bhI na kahanA kyoMki avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA anizcita/aniyaMtrita hai aura avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA kahA~ karanA ? sUtra meM ? yA lakSya meM ? yadi sUtra meM avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA kareM to, 'nyaGka' zabda ke avayavasvarUpa jo yakAra, usakA prAdhAnya mAnA jAyegA, kintu zabda kA prAdhAnya nahIM mAnA jAyegA aura yakAra jaise 'nyaGka' meM hai vaisA 'nyaGkacarman' meM bhI hai / ataH yaha tadAdividhi nahIM kahI jAyegI aura usI kAraNa se tadAdividhi kA niSedha karanevAle nyAya se, avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA meM prApta honevAle kArya kA niSedha nahIM ho skegaa| aura yadi 'nyaGkacarman' prayoga meM avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA kareMge to 'nyakacarman ' meM 'nyaGka' kI pradhAnatA mAnI jA sakatI aura isake yakAra se pUrva 'ai' Agama kI prApti hotI, kintu sirpha itane se hI 'nyorvA' 7/4/8 sUtra se kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki 'nyakorvA' 7/4/8 sUtra kA artha yahI kahA hai ki jit Nit tadvita pratyaya se avyavahita pUrva meM Aye hue 'nyaGka' zabda ke avayavasvarUpa 'ya' se pUrva 'ai' hotA hai / yahA~ 'nyakacarman' zabda meM sthita 'nyaGka' zabda jit Nit tadvita pratyaya se avyavahita pUrva meM nahIM hai| isa prakAra yahA~ avayavaprAdhAnya kI vivakSA dvArA 'ai' Agama hone kI svAbhAvika prApti hI nahIM hai / ataH usake lie koI vizeSa nyAya kI kalpanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| aura Upara batAyA usI taraha zrIhemahaMsagaNi bhI kahate haiM ki isI tadAdividhi kA nyAya kahIM bhI nahIM batAyA gayA hai / ataH kevala 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH' itanA hI nyAya mAnanA caahie| yaha nyAya pANinIya paramparA meM 'yena vidhistadantasya' sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM batAyA hai, to anya paramparA meM 'yenavidhistadantasya' svarUpa hI yaha nyAya hai| jainendra, zAkaTAyana ityAdi meM 'prAtipadika

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218 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) grahaNe/(mRdgrahaNe) na tadantavidhiH' svarUpa yaha nyAya hai| 'upapadavidhiSu na tadantavidhiH' aura 'grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH' nyAya anyatra kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai| ||76||aninsmngrhnnaanyrthvtaa'nrthken ca tadantavidhi prayojayanti // 19 // jisa sUtra meM 'an, in, as' yA 'man' pratyaya sambandhita kArya batAyA gayA ho, vahA~ vahI kArya usI pratyayAnta nAma ko karanA, bhale hI vaha arthavAn ho yA anarthaka ho / vyAkaraNa meM jahA~ jahA~ 'an, in, as, man,' sambandhita yA tannimittaka kArya karanA ho, vahA~ vahI zabda yA varNasamudAya arthavAn ho to bhI aura anarthaka ho to bhI grahaNa karanA cAhie / ___uparyukta varNasamudAya sambandhita, tadantavidhi aura atadantavidhi donoM kI pravRtti hotI hai arthAt 'an' ityAdi sambandhita kArya karanA ho taba sArthaka 'an' kI taraha anarthaka 'an' ityAdi kA bhI grahaNa krnaa| 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAya kA yaha apavAda hai| usameM sArthaka 'an' kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai - 'rAji' dhAtu se 'ukSitakSi'-( uNAdi 900) se 'an' pratyaya hone para 'rAjan' zabda hogA / usase strIliGga meM 'striyAM nRto'svasrAdema:' 2/4/1 se 'DI' pratyaya hogA / yahA~ 'ano'sya' 2/1/108 se 'an' ke 'a' kA lopa hogA aura 'rAjJI' zabda hogaa| anarthaka 'an':- aznAti (az) dhAtu se 'SapyazaubhyAm'- (uNAdi-903 ) se uNAdi kA 'tan' pratyaya hokara 'aSTan' hogA / eka niyama aisA hai ki saMpUrNa varNasamudAya hI arthavAn hotA hai kintu usakA eka bhAga/aMza/avayava arthavAn nahIM hotA hai / arthAt 'rAjan' zabda kA 'an', 'an' sambandhita kArya karanA ho taba vaha arthavAn hogA kintu 'az' dhAtu se hue 'tan' pratyaya sambandhita 'an' arthavAn nahIM hogA arthAt 'aSTan' kA 'an' anarthaka hogA / aba 'aSTau priyAH yeSAM te priyASTanaH, tAn pazya, priyASTNaH pazya' meM 'an' anarthaka hone para bhI usI 'an' ke 'a' kA lopa 'ano'sya' 2/1/108 se hI hogaa| 'in' sArthaka isa prakAra hai-'daNDo'syAsti', yahA~ 'ato'nekasvarAt' 7/2/6 se 'daNDa' zabda se 'in' pratyaya hogA / aura yahA~ sArthaka 'in' ke 'i' kA 'inhanpUSAryamNaH zisyoH' 1/4/ 87 se dIrgha hogaa| anarthaka 'in' isa prakAra hai :- 'sragasyAsti' yahA~ 'saMg' zabda se 'astapomAyAmedhAsrajo vin' 7/2/47 se 'vin' pratyaya hogA aura isI 'vin' pratyaya sambandhita 'in' anarthaka hI hai tathApi yahA~ bhI 'inhanyUSAryamNaH zisyoH' 1/4/87 se 'ina' kA 'i' dIrgha hogA / For Private & Personal use Only

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.76) 219 'as' sArthaka isa prakAra hai :-'Apnoti (Apa)' dhAtu se 'Apo'pAptA-' (uNAdi-964) se 'asa' pratyaya hogA aura dhAta kA 'apsara' Adeza hogA, ataH 'apsarasa' hogA, usakA prathamA vibhakti ekavacana meM 'apsarAH' rUpa hogA / yahA~ sArthaka 'as' pratyaya ke 'a' kA 'abhvAderatvasaH sau' 1/4/90 se dIrgha hogA / ___anarthaka 'as' isa prakAra hai :- 'kharasyeva nAsikA'sya kharaNA: / ' yahA~ 'kharakhurAnnAsikAyA nas' 7/3/160 se 'nAsikA' kA 'nas' Adeza hone para 'kharaNas' hogA / 'pUrvapadasthAd nAmnyagaH' 2/3/64 se 'na' kA 'Na' hotA hai / yahA~ 'nas' zabda sArthaka hai kintu usakA eka bhAga 'as' anarthaka hai tathApi, yahA~ 'abhvAderatvasaH sau' 1/4/90 se 'a' kI dIrghavidhi hogii| sArthaka 'man' isa prakAra hai :- 'syati' (so) dhAtu se 'syaterIcca vA' ( uNAdi-915 ) se uNAdi kA man pratyaya hone para, 'syati' ke 'A' ('AtsandhyakSarasya' 4/2/1 se 'o' ke sthAna para hue) kA 'I' hogA aura sIman' zabda hogaa| usakA prathamA vibhakti ekavacana meM 'sImA' rUpa hogaa| yahA~ strIliGga meM 'manaH' 2/4/14 se 'DI' kA niSedha, sArthaka 'mana' hone se haA hai| anarthaka 'man' isa prakAra hai :- 'mahato bhAvaH mahimA, tamatikrAntA strI 'atimahimA strI / ' yahA~ 'mahat' zabda se 'pRthvAderiman vA' 7/1/58 se 'iman' pratyaya hone para mahiman' zabda hogaa| usakA 'ati' ke sAtha 'atiratikrame ca' 3/1/45 se samAsa hone para atimahiman' zabda hogA / usase strIliGga meM 'striyAM nRto'svasrAderjI:' 2/4/1 se 'GI' hone kI prApti hai| kintu 'manaH' 2/ 4/14 se yahA~ usakA niSedha hone para 'atimahimA strI' hogA / yahA~ 'iman' pratyaya kA eka bhAga 'man' hone se, vaha anarthaka hai tathApi isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'manaH' 2/4/14 se 'DI' kA niSedha hogaa| upalakSaNa se 'atu' bhI sArthaka aura anarthaka donoM prakAra ke grahaNa hote haiM / usameM sArthaka 'atu' isa prakAra hai / 'idaM pramANamasya iti iyAn, kiM pramANamasya iti kiyAn / ' yahA~ 'idaM' aura 'kim' zabda se 'idaMkimo'turiskiy cAsya' 7/1/148 se 'atu' pratyaya hogA aura 'idaM' tathA 'kim' kA anukrama se 'iy, kiya' Adeza hogA / ataH 'iyat, kiyat' zabda hoMge / ukAra kI 'it' saMjJA hone se usakA lopa hogA aura prathamA vibhakti ekavacana meM 'atu' pratyaya ke 'a' kA 'abhvAderatvasaH sau' 1/4/90 se dIrgha hogaa| anarthaka 'atu' isa prakAra hai :- 'gAvo'sya santi iti gomAn' / yahA~ 'go' zabda se 'tadasyAstyasminniti matuH' 7/2/1 se 'matu' pratyaya huA hai / ukAra kI it saMjJA hone para, usakA lopa hogA / yahA~ 'atu', 'matu' kA eka bhAga hone se anarthaka hai tathApi yahA~ bhI 'abhvAderatvasaH sau' 1/4/90 se hI dIrgha hogaa| isa nyAya ke 'as' aMza kA jJApana 'abhvAderatvasaH sau' 1/4/90 sUtragata 'abhvAdeH' zabda se hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hotA hai :- "piNDaM grasate iti kvipi piNDagraH' ityAdi prayoga meM dIrgha kA niSedha karane ke lie 'abhvAdeH' kahA hai / 'piNDagraH' meM 'gras' dhAtu kA 'as' anarthaka hone

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220 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) se 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAya se yahA~ 'gras' dhAtu ke 'a' kA dIrgha hone kI prApti hI nahIM hai kintu yaha nyAya hone se anarthaka 'as' ko bhI dIrghavidhi kI prApti kI saMbhAvanA hone se sUtra meM 'abhvAdeH' kahA hai / yahA~ 'piNDanaH' ityAdi prayogoM ko chor3akara, striyamasati asyati vA iti kvipi stryaH' jaise prayogoM meM as dhAtu kA varjana karane ke lie 'abhvAdeH' kahA hai| kintu 'piNDagraH' meM dIrghavidhi kA niSedha karane ke lie 'abhvAdeH' nahIM kahA hai, aisA na kahanA cAhie kyoMki yadi sirpha 'as' dhAtu kA hI varjana karanA hotA to 'anaso'tvasaH sau' kahakara niHsaMdigdhatayA sUtra meM hI 'as' dhAtu kA varjana kiyA hotA aura vRtti meM bhI 'asantasya asthAtuvarjasya' ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA kI hotI, kintu aisA na karake 'abhvAdeH' svarUpa vyApaka vacana/nirdeza kiyA vaha 'piNDagraH' ityAdi prayoga kI apekSA se hI kiyA hai| isa nyAya kA 'in' aMza anitya hone se 'supathI strI' prayoga meM 'pathin' zabda uNAdi se niSpanna hone se, avyutpattipakSa kA Azraya karake 'in' ko anarthaka mAnA hai ataH 'ina: kac' 7/ 3/170 se 'kac' samAsAnta nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra zeSa aMza meM bhI jJApaka aura anityatA kA vicAra kara lenA / isa nyAya meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne kevala eka 'as' aMza kA jJApaka batAyA hai to kyA zeSa aMzoM ke jJApaka batAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai ? aisI zaMkA karake, usakA pratyuttara dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'ekadezAnumatyA saMpUrNo'yaM nyAyaH jJApyate' kahate haiM / usakA bhAvArtha isI prakAra hai- nyAyoM kA svarUpa siddha hI hai / ata: unhIM nyAyoM kI isa zAstra meM pravRtti huI hai, vaha batAne ke lie hI jJApaka kA Azraya kiyA jAtA hai aura jahA~ nyAya meM bahuta se vibhAga hote haiM vahA~ kevala eka hI aMza kA, apane zAstra ke kisI bhI vacana dvArA jJApana kiyA jAya to, zeSa aMza bhI, isa zAstra ko sammata hai hI, aisA bodha ho sakatA hai / vaha kaise ? usake lie yahA~ sthAlIpulAka nyAya kA Azraya kiyA gayA hai / jaise patIlI meM cAvala pakAne ko rakhe hoM to vaha cAvala paka gaye haiM ki nahIM ? usakI jA~ca karane ke lie kevala eka hI cAvala ko dabAyA jAtA hai aura yadi vaha eka paka gayA ho to zeSa saba cAvala bhI paka gaye hai aisA mAna liyA jAtA hai| vaise yahA~ bhI eka aMza ke jJApana se saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApana ho jAtA hai, aisA mAna liyA jAtA hai| pANinIya paramparA meM yaha nyAya 'yena vidhistadantasya' (pA. sU. 1/1/72 ) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM vArtika ke rUpa meM kahA hai aura vahA~ use 'vAcanika' ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai kintu jJApakasiddha mAnA nahIM hai / jabaki navIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne 'kArmastAcchIlye' (pA. sa. 6/4/173) sUtra meM kArma' zabda rUpa nipAtana dvArA 'ekadezAnumatyA sampUrNaH' nyAya se jJApakasiddha mAnA hai / kintu dUsare vaiyAkaraNa isa nyAya ke jJApakasiddhatva kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM kintu vAcanika hI mAnate haiM / jabaki siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'abhvAderatvasaH sau' 1/4/90 sUtragata 'abhvAdeH' se isa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai / ataH use jJApakasiddha hI mAnanA cAhie / paribhASenduzekhara meM nAgeza ne yaha nyAya bhASyakAra ke vacana ke rUpa meM batAyA hone se

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221 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.77) 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAya kI anityatA batAnevAle nyAya ke rUpa meM isakA svIkAra kiyA hai| ___ 'an, in, as, man' kI taraha atu' bhI sArthaka aura anarthaka, donoM prakAra kA grahaNa hotA hai, aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai / isake bAreM meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne vistRta carcA kI hai / usakA sAra isa prakAra hai / 'idaMkimo'turikiya cAsya' 7/1/148 se vihita 'atu' pratyayAnta 'iyatu, kiyatu' zabda meM 'atu' sArthaka hai kintu 'tadasyAstyasminniti matuH' 7/2/1 se hue 'matu' pratyayAnta 'gomatu' meM 'atu' anarthaka hai kyoMki vaha 'matu' pratyaya kA eka bhAga hai / jabaki vyAkaraNazAstra meM saMpUrNa pratyaya hI arthavAn mAnA jAtA hai kintu pratyaya kA eka bhAga arthavAn mAnA jAtA nahIM hai / ataH atvantanimittaka dIrgha nahIM hotA hai tathApi anarthaka atvanta kA svara bhI 'abhvAderatvasa: sau' 1/4/90 se dIrgha huA hai / isake bAre meM bRhanyAsa meM kahA hai ki 'matu' ityAdi meM 'ukAra' anubandha kiyA, usakA phala dIrghavidhi hI hai, anyathA 'ukAra' anubaMdha na kiyA hotA / ukAra anubandha karane se 'atu' ke grahaNa ke sAtha sAtha 'matu' kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai| anyathA 'no'nta' karane ke lie 'zatR' kI taraha 'matu' kA bhI RkAra anubandha kiyA hotA / __'atu, matu,' aura 'DAvatu' ityAdi pratyaya ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki bRhanyAsa meM nimnokta prakAra se zaMkA karake samAdhAna kiyA hai-'tadanubandhagrahaNe nAtadanubandhakasya grahaNam' nyAya se 'atu' ke sAtha, 'matu' kA bhI grahaNa ho sakatA hai kintu usake sAtha 'yattadetado DAvAdiH' 7/1/149 se honevAle 'DAvatu' pratyaya aura 'kta-ktavatu' 5/1/174 se honevAle 'ktavatu' pratyaya kA grahaNa nahIM hogA kyoMki 'DAvatu' aura 'ktavatu' meM ukArAnubandha ke sAtha 'Da' aura 'ka' bhI anubaMdha hai / isakA samAdhAna dete hue zrIhemacandrAcAryajI kahate haiM ki yahA~ anarthaka 'atu' kI bhI tadantavidhi hotI hai / anyathA 'matu' Adi ko ukArAnubandha na kiyA jAtA aura ukAra anubaMdha kA phala bhI yahI hai ki 'atu' ke grahaNa ke sAtha sAtha 'matu' Adi kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / anyathA 'no'nta' karane ke lie 'zatR' kI taraha 'matu' ko bhI RkAra anubandha kiyA jAtA / ataH yahA~ pratyaya sambandhita 'tadanubandhagrahaNe nAtadanubandhakasya grahaNam' (ekAnubandhagrahaNe na dvayanubandhakasya grahaNam) nyAya kI pravRtti kA avakAza hI nahIM hai / ataH Upara batAye hue doSa kA yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai / svopajJavRttikAra/bRhannyAsa (zabdamahArNavanyAsa )kAra AcAryazrI ko bhI sArthaka 'atu' ke sAtha sAtha 'matu, DAvatu, ktavatu' ityAdi ke anarthaka 'atu' kA bhI grahaNa iSTa hai, vaisA bRhannyAsa dekhane para spaSTa dikhAyI paDatA hai| ataH zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne kahA vaha sahI hai aura AcAryazrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko bhI vaha mAnya hI hai| yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, cAndra, kAtaMtra aura kAlApa paramparA meM nahIM hai| // 77 // gAmAdAgrahaNeSvavizeSaH // 20 // jahA~ sUtra meM 'gA-mA-dA' rUpa meM dhAtuoM kA nirdeza kiyA ho vahA~ 'avizeSa' arthAt sAmAnyatayA sarva kA grahaNa karanA /

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222 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) jahA~ sUtra meM 'gA-mA-dA' rUpa meM dhAtuoM kA nirdeza kiyA ho vahA~ 'gAMG gatau, gaiM zabde, mAMka mAne, mAMGk mAnazabdayoH, meG pratidAne' ityAdi aura 'dA' rUpa dhAtuoM kA avizeSa arthAt sAmAnyatayA saba kA grahaNa karanA kintu kisI eka kA grahaNa nahIM hogaa| ___ yaha nyAya 'lakSaNapratipadoktayo....' 'kRtrimAkRtrimayoH'...., 'adAdyanadAdyoH'..... ityAdi nyAyoM kA apavAda hai, aisA Age batAyA jAyegA / isameM sUtra meM 'gA' kA grahaNa kiyA ho to, donoM 'gA' kA grahaNa isa prakAra hotA hai - 'gAte' aura 'gAyati' donoM prakAra ke 'gA' dhAtu se 'yaG' pratyaya hokara, usakA lopa hone para AzI:' kA anyadarthe ekavacana kA pratyaya 'kyAt' hone se 'jAgeyAt' rUpa hogA / yahI rUpa donoM 'gA' dhAtu sambandhita honese 'jAgeyAd grAmaM' yA 'jAgeyAd gItaM' donoM prayoga hogeM / yahA~ donoM 'gA' dhAtu ke 'A' kA 'gApAsthAsAdAmAhAkaH' 4/3/96 se 'e' hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'gAyati' kA 'gA' svarUpa lAkSaNika hai kyoMki 'gai' dhAtu sandhyakSarAnta hone se 'AtsandhyakSarasya' 4/2/1 sUtra se 'ai' kA 'A' huA hai| ataH sandhyakSarasvarUpa lakSaNa se prApta hone se 'lAkSaNika' hai / jaba 'gAte' svarUpavAlA 'gA' dhAtu AkArAnta hone se vaha 'pratipadokta' hai / ataH 'lakSaNapratipadoktayo.....' nyAya se 'gAte' svarUpavAle 'gA' dhAtu ke hI 'A' kA 'e' hotA kintu 'gai' dhAtu ke 'A' kA 'e' na hotA athavA 'kRtrimAkRtrimayoH...' nyAya se kRtrima 'gai' dhAtu sambandhita 'gA' kA grahaNa ho sakatA, kintu akRtrima (svAbhAvika) 'gAG' dhAtu kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA / isa nyAya kA jJApana 'gAyo'nupasargATTaka' 5/1/74 sUtra gata 'gAyo' zabda se hotA hai kyoMki 'gAte' svarUpavAle 'gA' dhAtu kA niSedha karane ke lie 'gAyaH' zabda rakhA hai| yadi 'gaH' kahA hotA to donoM 'gA' dhAtu kA grahaNa ho jAtA, vaha na ho, isalie 'gAyaH' kahA hai| isa aMza meM yaha nyAya anitya hai kyoM ki gasthakaH' 5/1/66 meM 'gaH' rUpa meM sAmAnyatayA nirdeza kiyA hai, tathApi vahA~ 'gAMG gatau' dhAtu ko chor3akara kevala 'maiM zabde (gAyati)' kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai| 'mA' kA grahaNa isa prakAra hai :- 'mitaH, mitavAn' ina donoM prayogoM meM 'mA' dhAtu se 'kta' aura ktavatu' pratyaya hue haiM aura 'mA' dhAtu ke 'A' kA 'dosomAstha iH '4/4/11 se 'i' huA hai| yahA~ 'mAMka mAne, mAMGk mAnazabdayoH' 'meG pratidAne' (mayati), tInoM dhAtuoM ke 'A' kA 'i' hotA hai / ataH 'mitaH, mitavAn' ke tInoM dhAtuoM ke artha hote haiN| isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana 'IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/3/97 sUtra kI vRtti ke 'mA iti mAmAMGmeMGAm grahaNam' zabdoM se hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to 'mA' svarUpa sAmAnya kathana se 'adAdhanadAdyoH' nyAya se athavA 'kRtrimAkRtrimayo:'- nyAya se kevala 'meMG' kA hI grahaNa hotA kintu 'mAM' aura 'mAMGk' dhAtu kA grahaNa na hotA athavA 'lakSaNapratipadoktayo...' nyAya se kevala 'mAM' aura 'mAMGka' kA hI

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 77) 223 grahaNa hotA kintu meMG' kA grahaNa na hotA aura to 'mA iti mAM -mAMG-meMGAm grahaNam' kahA vahI ayukta hI hotA, kintu yaha nyAya hone se, vahI ukti ayukta/asaMgata nahIM mAnI jaayegii| isa aMza meM bhI yaha nyAya pariplava/caMcala hai / ataH 'mimImAdAmitsvarasya' 4/1/20 sUtra meM sAmAnya se pratyeka 'mA' dhAtu kA grahaNa karane ke lie bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, isa nyAya se hI pratyeka 'mA' dhAtu kA grahaNa ho sakatA thA, to bahuvacana kA prayoga karane kI koI AvazyakatA na thI, tathApi bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA, vaha isa nyAyAMza kI anityatA batAtA hai / __'dA' kA grahaNa isa prakAra hai - 'prAjjJazca' 5/1/79 meM 'jJA' rUpa dhAtu ke sAhacarya se 'dA' rUpa dhAtu kA yahA~ grahaNa karanA kintu 'dA' saMjJaka dhAtu kA Agraha na karanA aura itanA kahakara bAda meM isa nyAya ke bala se avizeSarUpa meM 'dA' rUpavAle cha: dhAtuoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai| udA. 'DudAMgaka dAm vA' dhanapradaH 'doM' vRkSapradaH / 'deMG' putrapradaH / 'dAMvak' kedArapradaH / 'v' bhojanapradaH / yahA~ chaH dhAtu 'se' prAjjJazca' 5/1/79 sUtra se 'Da' pratyaya kiyA hai / yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to 'adAdyanadAdyo:'- nyAya se 'DudAMgaka' aura 'dAMvak' ina do dhAtu ko chor3akara kevala zeSa cAra dhAtuoM kA hI grahaNa hotA athavA 'lakSaNapratipadoktayoH'- nyAya se 'doM, deMG' aura 'daiv' ko chor3akara kevala tIna hI dhAtuoM kA grahaNa hotA athavA 'kRtrimAkRtrimayo:'nyAya se 'DudAMgk, dAm, dAMvak' ko chor3akara kevala tIna dhAtuoM kA grahaNa hotA kintu chaH dhAtuoM kA grahaNa na hotA / 'dATadhesizadasado ru:' 5/2/36 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'SaDapi dArUpA grAhyAH ' kahA vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai kyoMki isI sUtra meM 'Tdhe' ko pRthak kahane se kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ 'dA' zabda se 'dA' saMjJA kA Agraha nahIM karanA cAhie arthAt Tdhe (dhayati ) kI pRthagukti se yahA~, dA saMjJA kA nirAsa siddha hotA hai, kintu dA rUpa chaH dhAtuoM kA grahaNa kaise siddha hotA hai ? kyoMki Upara batAyA usI taraha 'adAdyanadAdyo:'- 'lakSaNapratipadoktayoH'- 'kRtrimAkRtrimayoH' - ityAdi nyAya ina cha: dhAtuoM ke grahaNa meM vikSepa karanevAle haiM tathApi 'dArUpA SaDapIha grAhyAH' aisA jo kahA, vaha isa nyAya ko 'adAdhanadAdyoH' ityAdi tInoM nyAyoM kA apavAda mAnakara yA usakA smaraNa karake hI kahA hai| isa nyAyAMza meM koI anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai / yaha nyAya 'svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA' nyAya ke 'svaM rUpaM zabdasya' aMza kA prapaMca hai| (aura aba Age balAbalokti ke daza nyAya kahate haiM) isa nyAya meM tIna aMza haiM / ina tInoM aMzoM meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne jJApaka batAye haiM, kintu vastutaH jJApaka to kevala 'gA' svarUpa aMza meM hI hai aura vaha sUtrasvarUpa meM hai / jabaki zeSa do aMzoM ke jJApaka, vRtti meM kahe gaye zabda haiM, kintu ve vAstavika jJApaka nahIM haiM / 'IrvyaJjane'yapi'

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224 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 4/3/97 sUtra kI vRtti meM batAye gaye zabda -'mAM- mAMG meMGAm grahaNam' isa nyAya se prApta artha ko hI batAtA hai arthAt vaha isa nyAya ke phalasvarUpa hI hai / ataH isa nyAyAMza ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM use batAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai / aura 'prAjjJazca' 5/1/79 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'SaNNAM dArUpANAM grahaNam' aisA zrIhemacandrAcAryajI ne svayaM nahIM kahA hai kintu unhoMne sirpha itanA hI kahA hai ki 'iha pUrvaM sUtre ca dArUpaM gRhyate na saMjJA, jJA-khyAsAhacaryAt' / ataH dArUpa sarva dhAtu kA grahaNa hogA aura chaH prakAra ke 'dArUpa' dhAtuoM ke udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiN| aura kevala itane se hI usake dvArA isa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai / ataH 'gA' aMza meM batAye gae jJApaka se hI saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai, aisA svIkAra karanA cAhie / isa nyAya kI anityatA 'gasthakaH' 5/1/66 sUtra se zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAI hai kintu usase isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana nahIM hotA hai kyoMki 'thaka' pratyaya 'zilpI' (kalAkAra) ke artha meM hotA hai aura 'gAMG' dhAtu 'gatyarthaka' hone se usase 'zilpI' artha meM 'thaka' pratyaya honevAlA hI nahIM hai / ataH yahA~ 'ga:' zabda se (gAyati) 'gai' dhAtu kA grahaNa kiyA hai| aisI zaMkA zrIlAvaNyasUri tathA zrIhemahaMsagaNi donoM ne kI hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne usakA pratyuttara dete hue kahA hai ki isa nyAya se donoM prakAra ke 'gA' dhAtuoM kA grahaNa saMbhavita thA tathApi eka kA hI grahaNa kiyA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki isa nyAya kI yahA~ pravRtti nahIM kI gaI hai / ataH vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka hai kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI isa bAta ke prati spaSTarUpa se aruci dikhAyI par3atI hai| ve to kahate haiM ki kevala itane se hI yahI sUtra isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| kintu vahA~ bhI zrIhemacandrasUrijI ko isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA svIkAra hI iSTa/abhipreta hai / anyathA unhoMne svayaM yahA~ isa nyAya kI anityatA batAyI hotI, kintu isake sthAna para unhoMne kahA ki 'gAMG' dhAtu gatyarthaka hone se usase hue pratyaya dvArA 'zilpI' artha prakaTa nahIM ho sakatA hai aura 'gamana' kriyA, zilpa yA kauzala kA viSaya hI nahIM hai aura laghunyAsakAra ne bhI isI sUtra kI pravRtti meM isa nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya nahIM kiyA hai| isa nyAya meM 'prAjjJazca' 5/1/79 sUtra ke sambandha meM cha prakAroM ke hI dA dhAtu kyoM diye ? aura sAtavA~ 'dIGc kSaye' dhAtu 'yabakGiti' 4/2/7 sUtra se dA rUpa hotA hai tathApi kyoM nahIM diyA hai ? usakI spaSTatA karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne nyAsa meM kahA hai ki 'dIGc kSaye 'dhAtu akarmaka hai / jabaki 'prAjjJazca' 5/1/79 sUtra meM karma se para Aye hue dA rUpa dhAtu lenA hai / ataH 'dIDa c kSaye' dhAtu kabhI bhI karma se para AtA nahIM hai, usI kAraNa se hI yahA~ usakA udAharaNa nahIM diyA hai| jainendra paribhASAvRtti ko chor3akara, anya kisI bhI siddhahema ke pUrvavartI paribhASAsaMgraha meM yaha nyAya nahIM hai, jabaki pazcAtkAlIna sabhI paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM yaha nyAya hai| .

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 78 ) // 78 // zrutAnumitayoH zrauto vidhirbalIyAn // 21 // sUtraprApta aura paribhASAprApta vidhi meM se sUtraprApta vidhi balavAn hai / 'zruta' arthAt sUtra meM sAkSAt zabda dvArA kahI gaI ho vaha aura anumita arthAt paribhASA se niSpanna yA pUrvAnuvRtti yA adhikAra ityAdi se Aropita / 'zrutAnumitayoH ' yahA~ sambandha meM SaSThI hai aura 'vidhyoH ' pada adhyAhAra hai aura usameM 'nirdhAraNe' 225 hai / 'zrutasyAyaM zrautaH ' yahA~ ' tasyedam' 6/3/160 se 'aN' pratyaya hone para ' vRddhiH svareSvAdeH...' 7/4/1 se 'u' kI vRddhi hone se 'zrautaH ' zabda hogA / artha isa prakAra hai :- 'zruta' aura 'anumita' donoM prakAra kI vidhiyoM kA jahA~ saMbhava ho vahA~ do meM se zrutavidhi balavAn mAnI jAtI hai, aura vahI hotI hai udA. 'RtAM kGitIr' 4/4/116 'tIrNam' yahA~ 'tU' dhAtu se 'kta' pratyaya huA hai usakA 'RRlvAdereSAM to no'pra: ' 4 / 2 / 68 se 'na' huA hai aura usakA 'raSRvarNAnno' - 2 / 3 /63 se 'Na' huA hai / aba tAM GitIr' 4/4/ 116 se 'R' kA ir' karate samaya, vahI 'ir' Adeza sirpha 'R' kA karanA yA saMpUrNa RkArAnta 'tU' kA karanA ? yahA~ 'R' kA 'ir' Adeza zrutavidhi hai, ataH vahI gii| jabaki samagra / saMpUrNa RkArAnta dhAtu kA 'ir' Adeza 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 paribhASA se niSpanna hone se nahIM hogA / isake atirikta yahA~ dantatva aura RtAm donoM kA vizeSaNa - vizeSyabhAva hone para RtAM vizeSaNa hogA aura 'vizeSaNamanta: ' 7 / 4 / 113 paribhASA se Rdantatva Aropita vizeSya hone se anumita hogA / ataH anumita RRdantatva nibala hone se tatsambandhitavidhi nahIM hogii| Rdanta kI vidhi kauna sI hai, to kahate haiM ki 'ir' Adeza anekavarNayukta hone se 'anekavarNa: sarvasya' 7/4/ 107 se niSpanna samagra / akhaMDa RkArAnta dhAtu kA 'ir' Adeza hone kI prApti hai, vahI danta sambandhitavidhi hai / arthAt donoM taraha se 'R' kA 'ir' Adeza zrutavidhi hai aura saMpUrNa RkArAnta dhAtu kA 'ir' Adeza anumita hogA / ataH zrutavidhi balavAn hone se vahI hogii| isa nyAya kA jJApana 'RtAM kGitIr ' 4/4/116 sUtragata 'RtAM' zabda se hotA hai / yahA~ 'RtAmRta:' nirdeza karane ke sthAna para sirpha 'RtAM' nirdeza kiyA, vaha isa nyAya ke astitva ke kAraNa hI / vaha isa prakAra hai / yahA~ 'RtAM' kI vyAkhyA 'RdantAnAm' hogI aura 'ir' Adeza anekavarNayukta hone se, 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 paribhASA se saMpUrNa RkArAnta dhAtu kA hI 'ir' Adeza hone kI prApti hai| jabaki AcAryazrI ko kevala RRkAra kA hI 'ir' Adeza iSTa hai / ata eva 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/907 paribhASA ko niravakAza karane ke lie 'RtAmRta ir' aisA nirdeza karanA Avazyaka thA tathApi aisA na karake kevala 'RtAM' nirdeza kiyA, vaha isa nyAya se zruta RR kA hI 19

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226 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) 'ir' hogA kintu anumita saMpUrNa RkArAnta dhAtu kA 'ir' Adeza nahIM hogA aise Azaya se hii| yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'manorau ca vA '2/4/61 sUtra meM sthita 'vA' zabda kA, pUrvasUtra se calI AtI anuvRtti svarUpa - anumita GI ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai kintu zruta 'au' kAra ke sAtha sambandha nahIM hotA hai / ataH sUtra ke artha meM 'manu' zabda se 'GI' vikalpa se hotA hai, vaisA artha hogA kintu 'au' aura 'ai' vikalpa se hotA hai aisA artha nahIM ho sakatA hai / ata: 'manorbhAryA' dhavayoga meM, 'manu' zabda se 'manorau ca vA' 2/4/61 se vikalpa se 'DI' hogA arthAt jaba 'DI' pratyaya hogA taba 'manu' zabda ke antya 'u' kA 'au' aura 'ai' Adeza hogA / 'au' Adeza hone para 'manAvI' aura 'ai' Adeza hone para 'manAyI' zabda hoMge, aura jaba GI pratyaya nahIM hogA taba 'manuH' / isa prakAra strIliGga meM tInoM rUpa siddha hogeM / yadi 'vA' zabda kA 'au ca' ke sAtha sambandha kiyA jAya to GI pratyaya nitya hogA aura 'manAvI, manAyI' tathA 'manvI' rUpa hote kintu vaisA nahIM hotA hai , vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ke kAraNa 'vA' kA anumita 'GI' ke sAtha sambandha kiyA gayA hone se hai| 'nirdizyamAnasyaivAdezAH syuH' aisA nyAya bhI pAyA jAtA hai| jaise 'yasvare pAdaH padaNikyaghuTi' 2/1/102 meM 'pAdaH' zabda kI 'pAdantasya' vyAkhyA ho sakatI hai, vaisA kareM to pAd zabda jisake anta meM ho vaisA nAma vaha 'pAda' zabda kA vizeSya hogA aura 'pad' Adeza anekavarNayukta hone se 'SaSThayAntyasya' 7/4/106 kA bAdha karake 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 paribhASA se 'pAd' antavAle saMpUrNa zabda kA 'pad' Adeza hone kI prApti hai kintu yahA~ kevala 'pAd' zabda kA hI 'pad' Adeza hogA kyoMki sUtra meM kevala 'pAd' zabda kA hI nirdeza kiyA hai / udA. dvau pAdau yasya dvipAt / yahA~ pAtpAdasyAhastyAdeH' 7/3/148 se 'pAda' kA 'pAd' Adeza hogaa| usase jaba tRtIyA vibhakti ekavacana kA 'TA' pratyaya hogA taba 'yasvare pAdaH padaNikyaghuTi' 2/1/102 se saMpUrNa 'dvipAt' zabda kA 'pad' Adeza na hokara, kevala sUtranirdiSTa pAt' zabda kA hI 'pad' Adeza hotA hai| ata: 'dvipadA' rUpa hogaa| kintu 'nirdizyamAnasyaivAdezAH syuH' nyAya 'zrutAnumitayoH zrauto vidhirbalIyAn' nyAya ke eka bhAga svarUpa hI hai, kintu bhinna nahIM hai / ataH usI nyAya kI siddhi bhI isI nyAya se ho jAtI hai| kaise ? to kahate haiM ki 'yasvare pAda: padaNikyaghuTi' 2/1/102 meM pUrvasUtra se adhikAra ke rUpa meM AtA 'nAmnaH' pada vizeSya banatA hai aura pAdaH' zabda vizeSaNa banatA hai| ataH 'vizeSaNamantaH'7/ 4/113 paribhASA se 'pAdantasya' artha prApta hotA hai / kintu yahI 'pAdantatva' paribhASA dvArA Aropita hone se 'anumita' kahA jAtA hai| ataH pAdantatva sambandhita 'pad' Adeza svarUpavidhi, anekavarNayukta hone se 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 paribhASA se saMpUrNa 'pAdanta' zabda kA 'pad' Adeza hone kI prApti hai kintu vaha nirbala hone se nahIM hotA hai aura sUtra meM kevala 'pAd' zabda sAkSAt kahA gayA hone se usakA hI 'pad' Adeza hotA hai kyoMki vaha zrautavidhi hai| ataH vaha, anumita 'pAdanta' vidhi se balavAn hai

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 78) 227 isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'RtAM kGitIr 4/4/116 sUtra meM 'RtAmRtaH' kahane ke sthAna para 'RtAM' kahA, vaha hai / isake bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yahI jJApaka ucita nahIM hai| isa nyAya ke viSaya meM sUtrakAra zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM kisI bhI prakAra kA aisA vidhAna nahIM kiyA hai ki jisase yahA~ kevala 'RtAM' kahane se hI RkArAnta ke antya 'R kA hI 'ir' Adeza ho sake / ata: 'RtAM' nirdeza dvArA isa nyAya kA jJApana nahIM ho sakegA aura isa nyAya ke binA 'RtAM' nirdeza kI vyarthatA bhI pratIta nahIM hotI hai / isalie isa nyAya kA jJApaka yadi batAnA hI ho to 'kiro lavane' 4/4/93 sUtragata 'kiraH' aura usake jaise anya sUtragata anya prayogoM ko hI jJApaka ke rUpa meM batAne cAhie / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'RtAM kGitIr' 4/4/116 sUtra meM 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 aura 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 paribhASA kI pravRtti se saMpUrNaH RkArAnta' dhAtu kA 'ir' Adeza ho jAtA to yahI 'kiraH' ityAdi nirdeza vyartha ho jAtA hai / vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / ataH jahA~ 'RtAM' kahA hai vahA~ kevala 'R' kA hI 'ir' Adeza hogA, kintu 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 se RkArAnta dhAtu kA grahaNa anumita hai aura usI anumita saMpUrNa sthAnI kA 'anekavarNaH sarvasya' 7/4/107 paribhASA se 'ir' Adeza nahIM hogA kintu Upara batAyA usI taraha zrauta R kA hI 'ir' Adeza hotA hai kintu isa bAta kA bhI unhoMne Age khaMDana kiyA hai aura 'RtAM kGitIr' 4/4/116 ke 'RtAM' nirdeza meM aura usake kArya meM 'nirdizyamAnasyaivAdezAH syuH' nyAya kI pravRtti batAyI hai| usakI carcA Age kI jAyegI / zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'manorau ca vA '2/4/61 sUtra meM isa nyAya kI anityatA kA phala batAyA hai aura zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne usakA khaMDana kiyA hai kintu vaha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai / unhoMne kiyA huA khaMDana isa prakAra hai : zrautavidhi aura anumitavidhi, donoM meM paraspara virodha ho to hI 'zrautavidhi kI balavattA batAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai / yahA~ 'manorau ca vA '2/4/61 meM zrauta aukAra vidhAna aura anumita GI vidhAna donoM ke sAtha vikalpa kA sambandha karane para paraspara virodha nahIM AtA hai / ataH yahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA abhAva hai| yahI paraspara virodhAbhAva batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki 'manorau ca vA' 2/4/61 sUtra meM cakAra se, pUrva sUtra meM se anuvRtta 'ai' kA jaise samuccaya hotA hai, vaise 'DI' kA bhI samuccaya hotA hai / ata: aukAra aura aikAra ke sAtha sAtha 'kI 'kA bhI samuccaya hai / ataH 'sanniyogaziSTAnAM sahaiva pravRttiH, sahaiva nivRttiH' nyAya se 'manu' ke 'u' kA jaba 'au' yA 'ai' Adeza nahIM hogA taba 'GI' bhI nahIM hogA arthAt prathama 'au' yA 'ai' Adeza karanA bAda meM 'DI' pratyaya karanA / ataH 'DI' kA vikalpa karane ke lie isa nyAya ke anityatva kA Azraya na karanA, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM kintu isake bAre meM siddhahemasUtravRtti, bRhadvRtti aura bRhanyAsa dekhane se mAlUma par3atA hai ki 'manorau ca vA' 2/4/61 sUtra meM cakAra se 'ai' kA hI samuccaya kiyA hai kintu 'DI' kA samuccaya nahIM kiyA hai| dUsarI bAta 'GI' kA adhikAra 'gaurAdibhyo mukhyAn GIH' 2/

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228 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) 4/19 se calA AtA hai ise 'GI' kI anuvRtti kahanI ho to yahI 'GI' anuvRtti se AyA huA hai| saMkSepa meM 'DI' anumita hai aura anumita kise kahA jAtA hai usakI vyAkhyA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyI hai aura usakA svIkAra zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne bhI kiyA hai| usake anusAra yahI 'GI' bhI anumita hI hai| usakA 'ca' se samuccaya nahIM hotA hai| usI kAraNa se 'sanniyogaziSTAnAM sahaivapravRttiH'nyAya kI yahA~ koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isake atirikta dUsarI eka bAta unhoMne yaha kahI hai ki prathama 'u' kA 'au' yA 'ai' Adeza hone ke bAda hI 'GI' hogA aura au' yA 'ai' Adeza nahIM hone para 'GI' bhI nahIM hogaa| unakI yaha bAta sahI nahIM hai / yahA~ vikalpa kA ('vA' kA) 'DI' ke sAtha hI sambandha hai kintu 'au' yA 'ai' ke sAtha sambandha nahIM hai| ata: jaba 'DI' hogA taba hI 'au' aura 'ai' hogA aura 'GI' nahIM hogA taba 'ai' aura 'au' bhI nahIM hogA / yahI bAta siddhahema bRhannyAsa dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| ___zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'zrutAnumitayoH' nyAya meM hI 'nirdizyamAnasyaivAdezAH syuH' nyAya ko samAviSTa kiyA hai kintu vaha ucita nahIM lagatA hai / isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM unhoMne batAyA hai, usI taraha 'zrutAnumitayoH...' nyAya meM sthita "vidhi' zabda se, usameM Adeza svarUpa aura pratyaya svarUpa (anAdeza svarUpa) donoM vidhi kA samAveza hotA hai, jabaki 'nirdizyamAnasyaiva'- nyAya kevala AdezasvarUpavidhi ke lie hI hai / ataH isa nyAya kA zrutAnumitayoH' - nyAya meM samAveza ho jAtA hai kyoMki 'zrutAnumita-' nyAya 'nirdizyamAnasyaiva' - nyAya kA vyApaka hai aura 'nirdizyamAnasyaiva'nyAya 'zrutAnumita'-nyAya kA vyApya hai| kintu isa bAta kA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI khaMDana karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki vastutaH 'zrutAnumita' - nyAya kA bodha hotA hI nahIM hai kyoMki donoM nyAya ke viSaya bhinna bhinna hai / ina donoM nyAya ke viSaya ke bAre meM ve kahate haiM ki jahA~ zruta aura anumita donoM nimittoM va kArya kI bhinna bhinna upasthita hotI ho vahA~ hI isI 'zrutAnumita-' nyAya kI pravRtti kA saMbhava hai, jabaki 'nirdizyamAnasyaiva' nyAya kI pravRtti, jahA~ Adeza ke sthAnI kI zruta aura anumita aisI pRthak pRthak upasthiti na hotI ho vahA~ hotI hai / isa nyAya ke udAharaNa meM 'RtAM kGitIr '4/4/116 sUtra ko batAyA hai| yahA~ 'RtAM 'pada se Rdanta dhAtu aura RkAra donoM kI bhinna bhinna upasthitiyA~ nahIM hotI haiM kintu 'RtAM' pada se hI 'RtAM dhAtUnAM' ke rUpa meM dhAtu ke vizeSaNa( antya avayava )svarUpa R, aisA artha hotA hai / ataH 'Rdanta dhAtu' aura 'R' donoM bhinna bhinna upasthita nahIM hote haiM ataH spardhA kA abhAva hotA hai aura sparddhA hI nahIM hone se balAbala kA vicAra karanA ucita nahIM hai / ata: 'zrutAnumitayoH'-nyAya kI pravRtti yahA~ nahIM hogI kintu 'nirdizyamAnasyaivAdezAH syuH' nyAya kI pravRtti hogI / isa nyAya ke phalasvarUpa 'yasvare pAda:.....2/1/102 meM 'pAd' zabda tadanta kA upasthApaka hone para bhI 'uccArita eva zabdaH pratyAyako, nAnuccAritaH' yA 'nirdizyamAnasyaivA'-nyAya ke kAraNa 'pAdanta' kA 'pad' * pratyayasaMniyogArthazcakAro'nuvartate, vA zabdo vikalpArthaMH, prathamavidheyatA pradhAnena GIpratyayena sambadhyate. na tvaukAreNa, tatsaMnidhAnenApradhAnatvAdityAha GIS bhavati / (siddhahemabRhannayAsa - sUtra 2/4/61)

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 78) 229 Adeza nahIM hogA, kintu kevala 'pAda' zabda kA hI 'pad' Adeza hogA / isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM Age/pahale 'zrutAnumitayoH'- nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM jo 'kiro lavane '4/4/63 sUtragata 'kiraH' prayoga ko batAyA, vaha hai, kyoMki yaha nyAya na hotA to 'RtAM kGitIr' 4/4/116 se 'kR' dhAtu ke 'R' kA 'ir' hone ke sthAna para saMpUrNa 'kR'dhAtu kA hI 'ir' Adeza ho jAtA, to 'kiraH' nirdeza vyartha hotA / yahI 'kiraH' nirdeza vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| isa prakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAye hue 'zrutAnumitayoH' nyAya ke jJApaka ko unhoMne "nirdizyamAnasyaiva'- nyAya ke phala ke rUpa meM batAyA hai aura 'kiro lavane' 4/4/93 sUtragata 'kiraH' nirdeza ko jJApaka batAyA hai / to prazna yahI paidA hotA hai ki 'zrutAnumita-' nyAya kA viSaya kyA hai ? kauna-sA hai ? usakA pratyuttara dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate hai kiM 'tricaturastisRcatasR syAdau' 2/1/1 ityAdi sUtra 'zrutAnumitayoH' nyAya kI pravRtti ke sthala haiM / vaha isa prakAra :- isI sUtra meM, pUrva sUtra se AtI huI 'striyAm' pada kI anuvRtti kA pratyakSa yA zrauta 'tri-catur' zabda ke sAtha hI sambandha hogA kintu 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASAprApta 'tri' yA 'catur' antavAle 'priyatri, priyacatur' ityAdi saMpUrNa ke sthAna meM 'tisR, catasR' Adeza nahIM hogaa| yahA~ zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne tathA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne (laghunyAsakAra ke matAnusAra) zabda ke viSaya meM 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA kI pravRtti kI hai, kintu pahale/pUrve batAyA hai vaise 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 kI pravRtti yahA~ na kI jAya to, 'RtAM kDintIr' 4/4/116 meM usakI pravRtti karanI cAhie aura vahA~ vaha ho sakatI hai| vaisA karane para zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne batAye hue udAharaNa aura jJApaka viparIta/vyasta ho jAyeMge arthAt 'RtAM kchintIr' 4/4/116 aura 'kiro lavane' 4/4/93 meM 'kiraH' nirdeza 'zrutAnumita' - nyAya kA udAharaNa aura jJApaka banegA tathA 'zrutAnumita-' nyAya kA udAharaNa 'tricaturastisR- '2/1/1 'nirdizyamAnasyaivAdezAH syuH' nyAya kA udAharaNa bnegaa| __dUsarI vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne pANinIya paraMparAnusAra diye hue nyAya 'nirdizyamAnasyAdezAH syuH' meM evakAra nahIM hai, jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI vRtti aura nyAsa meM 'nirdizyamAnasyaivAdezAH syuH 'nyAya hai / yahA~ evakAra spaSTa hai / yahI evakAra na hotA to zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne kiye hue khaMDana ko mAnyatA dI jA sakatI, kintu, yahI evakAra aisA sUcita karatA hai ki sUtra meM kahe gaye zabda kA hI Adeza hotA hai, kintu ise choDakara anya kisI bhI paribhASAprApta yA nyAyaprApta tadanta kA Adeza kadApi nahIM hotA hai arthAt usI evakAra se, anumita sthAnI kI durbalatA batAyI hai / ata eva isI 'nirdizyamAnasyaivAdezAH syuH' nyAya kA 'zrutAnumitayoH zrauto vidhibalIyAn' nyAya meM samAveza kiyA hai, usameM kucha anucita nahIM hai / aura yahI evakAra yukta nyAya meM anya paramparA ke evakAra rahita nyAya kA bhI samAveza ho hI jAtA hai / ataH 'nirdizyamAnasyAdezAH' nyAya ko yahA~ pRthak kahane kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM hai|

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230 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne, isa nyAya kA khaMDana karane se pahale pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM nirdizya mAnasyaivAdezAH syuH' kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura khaMDana karate samaya usameM se evakAra nikAlakara 'nirdizyamAnasyAdezAH' kahakara khaMDana kiyA hai vaha ucita nahIM lagatA hai| yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyana, kAtaMtra kI durgasiMha aura bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRttiyoM, jainendra, bhoja vyAkaraNa meM nahIM hai / vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, zAkaTAyanapATha va kAtaMtra kI durgasiMhakRta vRtti meM 'aupadezika prAyogikayoraupadezikasya' nyAya kA zAyada yahI artha hai| // 79 // antaraGgAnapi vidhIn yabAdezo bAdhate // 22 // 'yap' Adeza antaraGga vidhiyoM kA bhI bAdha karatA hai| yahA~ 'anaJaH ktvo yap' 3/2/154 sUtra se honevAlA 'yap' padadvayApekSI hai aura pratyayAzrita hai, ataH vaha bahiraGga hai / 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' aura 'asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge' una donoM nyAyoM kA bAdhaka yaha nyAya hai arthAt bahiraGgasvarUpa yabAdeza sarva antaraGgavidhiyoM kA bAdha karatA hai| udA. 'prazamya' / yahA~ 'pra' upasargapUrvaka 'zam' dhAtu se 'ktvA' pratyaya hogA taba 'ahanpaJcamasya kvikGiti' 4/1/107 se prathama dIrgha hone kI prApti hai / vaha prakRtiAzrita hone se aura eka padApekSI hone se antaraGga hai| jabaki 'ktvA' kA 'yap' Adeza Upara batAyA usI prakAra padadvayApekSI aura pratyayAzrita hone se bahiraGga hai / ataH 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' nyAya se dIrghavidhi pahale hone kI prApti hai, tathApi isa nyAya se usakA bAdha hokara bahiraGgasvarUpa 'ktvA' kA 'yap'Adeza prathama hogA, bAda meM dhuDAdi pratyaya na milane se dIrghavidhi nahIM hogI aura 'prazamya' rUpa siddha hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApana 'yapi cAdo jagdh' 4/4/16 sUtragata 'yapi ca' zabda se hotA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'prajagdhya' rUpa siddha karane ke lie sUtra meM 'yapi ca' zabda rakhA hai| yadi 'yapi ca' zabda na rakhA hotA to bhI 'ad' dhAtu kA takArAdi 'kit' pratyaya para meM hone para 'jagdh' Adeza hotA hai aura 'jagdhi' rUpa hotA hai| yadi 'ktvA' kA 'yap' Adeza karane se pUrva hI 'ad' kA 'jagdh' Adeza hotA to 'yapi ca' zabda binA bhI 'ktvA' pratyaya takArAdi 'kit' hone se jagdh' 'Adeza ho sakatA hai tathApi 'yapi ca' zabda rakhA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'ad' kA 'jagdh'Adeza hone se pUrva hI 'ktvA' kA 'yap' Adeza hogA taba, yadi 'yapi ca' zabda na rakhA hotA to 'yap' Adeza hone ke bAda takArAdi kit pratyaya na milane se, 'prajagdhya' rUpa meM, jo 'jagdh' Adeza huA hai, vaha na hotA / ataH 'yapi ca' zabda isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / ata eva kahA hai : "tAdau kiti jagdhi siddhe, yapi ceti yaducyate / jJApayatyantaraGgANAM yapA bhavati bAdhanam // " 1. siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana bRhadvRtti-dvitIya adhyAya ke anta meM diye gaye 'nyAyasamuccaya' kI nyAyArthasindhu TIkA-pR. 139, paMkti 52 2. ejana, pR. 139, paMkti 67.

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 79) 231 artha :- 'ktvA' takArAdi kit pratyaya hone se 'jagdh' Adeza siddha hotA hai, tathApi 'yapi ca' kahA usase jJApita hotA hai ki 'yap' Adeza bahiraGga hone para bhI sarva antaraGga kAryoM kA bAdha karatA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai| 'pradAya, prapAya,' ityAdi rUpoM meM isa nyAya ke kAraNa Itva nahIM hogA, aisA siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM kahA hai / isake bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki ina udAharaNoM meM 'IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/3/97 sUtra meM hI 'ayapi' kahane se hI usakA niSedha ho jAtA hai / ataH isa nyAya ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM use batAnA na cAhie yA yadi use isa nyAya ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAya to 'IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/3/97 sUtra meM 'ayapi' kahane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki 'A' kA 'I' "kit-Git ' ho aise 'azit' pratyaya para meM hone para hI hotA hai / 'yap' pratyaya svayaM kit nahIM hai aura sthAnivadbhAva dvArA bhI use kittva prApta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki kittva, ka rUpa varNa ke kAraNa hai. usI ka rUpa varNa ke kAraNa honevAle kitanimittaka kArya bhI varNavidhi kahI jaayegii| ata: usakA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA / ataH 'ayapi' vyartha huA aura vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai ki kvacit "anubandhaghaTitadharmAnayane 'avarNavidhau' iti pratiSedho na pravartate / " arthAt anubandha ko avayava mAnakara prApta kiyA jAtA dharma aura usI dharma ke kAraNa honevAle kArya meM 'avarNavidhi' svarUpa jo sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha hai, vaha pravRtta nahIM hotA hai arthAt guNa kA sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai / pariNAmataH 'anubhUya' ityAdi meM 'ktvA' pratyaya kA 'kittva', yap' meM prApta hotA hai aura usI kAraNa se gaNa kA niSedha hotA hai / vastutaH 'yapi cAdo jagdh' 4/4/16 meM 'yapi' grahaNa vyartha hotA hai aura svapravRti kI viruddha pravRtti kA bAdha karane se, vaha caritArtha bhI hotA hai / ataH 'yap' pratyaya apanI pravRtti ho jAne ke bAda anya prAptavidhi kA bAdha karane meM samartha nahIM ho sakatA hai / ata: sthAnivadbhAva dvArA uttara prApta Itva kA bAdha karane ke lie 'IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/3/97 meM 'ayapi' kahA hai| aura isa nyAya se, jo 'yap' antaraGga kArya ke nimitta kA nAza karanevAlA hai, usI 'yap' kI balavattA batAyI gaI hai| kintu jo 'yap' udAsIna hai, vaha balavAn nahIM banatA hai / ataH 'preSya gataH' ityAdi prayoga meM Niganta, pra pUrvaka ke 'iS' dhAtu se 'ktvA' pratyaya hogA taba ('pra iS Ni ktvA meM ) isa nyAya se Ni ke kAraNa honevAle upAntya kA guNa hone se pUrva ktvA' kA 'yap' Adeza nahIM hogA / anyathA yadi 'ktvA' kA 'yap' Adeza hotA to 'yap' se pUrva Aye hue 'Ni' kA 'laghoryapi' 4/3/86 se 'ay' Adeza ho jAya, kintu yahA~ 'yap' antaraGga kAryasvarUpa guNa kA nAza karanevAlA na hone se vaha balavAn banatA nahIM hai| ataH prathama 'iS' dhAtu ke 'i' kA guNa hogA, bAda meM 'ktvA' kA 'yap' Adeza hogA aura 'yap' Adeza hone ke bAda 'NeraniTi' 4/3/83 se "Ni' kA lopa hogA aura 'preSyaH' rUpa siddha hogaa| pANinIya paramparA meM mahAbhASyakAra ne bhI isa nyAya kA svIkAra kiyA hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) yaha nyAya jainendraparibhASAvRtti ko chor3akara siddhahema ke pUrvakAlIna kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM nahIM hai, jabaki pazcAtkAlIna pANinIya paramparA ke sabhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM yaha nyAya hai / // 80 // sakRdgate sparddhe yadvAdhitaM tadbAdhitameva // 23 // 232 eka sAtha do sUtra kI prApti hone para / tulya bala ke virodha meM eka bAra jisakA bAdha hotA hai, vaha bAdhita hI mAnA jAtA hai / ' dhAtUnAmanekArthatvAt' arthAt dhAtuoM ke aneka artha hote haiM yA 'gatyarthA jJAnArthA:' arthAt gati arthavAle saba dhAtu jJAna arthavAle kahe jAte haiM, usI nyAya se yahA~ bhI 'gate' kA artha ' jJAte' karanA / 'sparddhA' kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki do prakAra kI vidhiyA~ anyatra sAvakAza ho aura yahA~ eka hI sthAna para una donoM vidhiyoM kI prApti ho to, una donoM ke bIca spardhA huI mAnI jAtI hai / isI spardhA ke samaya unhI do sUtroM meM se koI bhI eka sUtra kisI bhI kAraNa se pahale bAdhita huA ho to vaha bAdhita hI mAnA jAtA hai arthAt bAdhaka sUtra kI pravRtti hone ke bAda bhI bAdhita sUtra kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / udA. 'dvayoH kulyoH'| yahA~ 'dvi os' sthiti meM 'AdezAdAgamaH ' nyAya se 'anAmsvare no'ntaH ' 1/4 / 64 se 'no'nta' kI prApti hai kintu usakA 'AdveraH ' 2/1/41 se bAdha hogA kyoMki sUtra para hai aura vaha antaraGga kArya hai / ataH 'anAmsvare no'ntaH ' 1 / 4 / 64 bAdhya hogA aura 'AdveraH ' 2/1/41 bAdhaka hogA / aba 'Advera: ' 2/1/41 se 'i' kA 'a' karane ke bAda, 'ebahusbhosi' 1/4/4 se 'dva' ke 'a' kA 'e' karane ke bAda punaH 'anAmsvare no'ntaH' 1/4/ 64 kI prApti hogI, kintu vaha pahale 'AdveraH ' 2/1/41 se bAdhita huA hone se, yahA~ bhI bAdhita hI mAnA jAyegA aura 'no'nta' nahIM hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApana 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 meM kiye gae ' Ni varjana' se hotA hai / 'udaJcamAcaSTe iti Nau udayati / ' isI prayoga meM 'udayati' rUpa kI siddhi karane ke lie 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 sUtra meM 'Ni' kA varjana kiyA hai| yadi 'Ni' kA varjana na kiyA hotA to bhI 'udac' kA 'Ni' pratyaya para meM hone se 'udIc' Adeza karane ke bAda bhI, 'tryantyasvarAdeH ' 7/4/43 se antyasvarAdi kA lopa hokara 'udayati' rUpa siddha ho sakatA thA arthAt 'Ni' kA varjana karane kI koI AvazyakatA na thI kintu yaha nyAya hone se 'Ni' pratyaya para meM hone para antyasvarAdi kA lopa hone se pahale, vizeSavidhi hone se 'udac' kA 'udIc' Adeza hotA to, 'tryantyasvarAdeH ' 7/4/43, 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 se eka bAra bAdhita ho jAtA hai / ataH 'udIc' Adeza hone ke bAda bhI 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / ataH 'udayati' ke sthAna para 'udIcayati' rUpa hogA, kintu vaha aniSTa hai / ataH 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 meM 'Ni' kA varjana Avazyaka hai aura 'udIc' Adeza kiye binA, antyasvarAdi kA lopa karake hI 'udayati' rUpa siddha hotA hai| -

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 80 ) 233 yaha nyAya anitya / anizcita hone se 'priyatisRNaH kulasya' meM 'AgamAt sarvAdezaH ' nyAya se prathama bAdhita 'na' kA Agama 'tisR' Adeza hone ke bAda bhI hogA / yahA~ 'priyatri' zabda meM 'tri' kA 'tricatura: ' 2/1/1 se 'tisR' Adeza honevAlA hai, aura 'anAmsvare' - 1/4/64 se 'na' kA Agama bhI honevAlA hai, to 'AgamAtsarvAdeza:', 'anAm' ...1/4/64 kA bAdha karegA aura 'tisR' Adeza hone ke bAda bhI, pUrvabAdhita 'na' kA Agama hogA / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya ko lokasiddha batAte haiM / udA. samAna balayukta do mAlikoM kA sevaka eka hI manuSya ho to, vahI sevaka donoM mAlikoM ke kArya anukrama se karegA, kintu jaba eka hI sAtha donoM mAlikoM ke kArya bhinna bhinna (viruddha) dizA ke hoMge to vaha donoM kArya ekasAtha karane meM asamartha hone se do meM se jo balavAn hogA, usakA kArya karegA aura nirbala kA kArya nahIM karegA / vaise yahA~ vyAkaraNazAstra meM bhI, donoM samAna balavAle sUtra meM spardhA hogI aura paratva Adi anya kisI bhI nimitta se jo balavAn hogA, usakI pravRtti hogI / * 'sparddha' 7/4/119 sUtra kA hI yaha nyAya prapaMca hai aura spardhe' 7/4/119 sUtra kI niyamArthatAmUlaka yaha nyAya hai / arthAt 'sparddhe' 7/4/119 se jahA~ samAna balavAle sUtra ekasAtha upasthita hote hoM vahA~ parasUtra sambandhita kArya hotA hai, bAda meM pUrvasUtra sambandhita kArya hotA hai yA nahIM ? isakI koI bAta batAI gaI nahIM hai / jabaki isa nyAya se parasUtra sambandhita kArya hone ke bAda, pUrvasUtraprApta kArya nahIM hotA hai / isa nyAya ke udAharaNa 'dvayoH kulayo: ' meM 'dvi' zabda se 'anAmsvare' - 1/4 / 64 se 'no'nta' karane ke lie 'AdezAdAgamaH ' nyAya kI pravRtti batAyI hai, use zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ucita nahIM mAnate haiN| isake bAre meM ve kahate haiM ki 'anAmsvare - ' 1/4/64 ke nyAsa meM kevala paratva aura antaraGgatva ke kAraNa hI, usI sUtra kI 'dvayoH kulayo: ' meM pravRtti nahIM hotI hai aura 'no'nta' nahIM hotA hai, aisA batAyA hai / vahA~ 'AdezAdAgamaH ' nyAya kI pravRtti batAyI nahIM hai| isake atirikta unhoMne svayaM hI 'dvayoH kulayoH' udAharaNa meM 'AdezAdAgamaH ' nyAya kI anityatA batA dI hai / ataH yahA~ isa nyAya kI carcA anAvazyaka hai / yadi yahA~ 'AdezAdAgamaH ' nyAya kI pravRtti hotI to paratva, antaraGgatva ityAdi Adeza ko balavattara nahIM banA sakate haiM kyoMki yaha nyAya kahatA hai ki paratva, nityatva, antaraGgatva ityAdi se balavAn bane Adeza se bhI Agama balavAn hai / yahA~ paratva aura antaraGgatva meM se vAstava meM kyA hai ? usakI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki vastutaH yahA~ paratva se hI vyavasthA hotI hai, antaraGgatva se nahIM kyoMki antaraGgatva bahiraGgatva se sApekSa hai / to 'no'nta' aura 'atva' meM se bahiraGga kauna ? eka dRSTi se vicAra karane para 'no'nta' svarAdinimittaka hai ataH use bahiraGga mAnane kI icchA hotI hai kintu vaha 'syAdi' vizeSaNa sahita hai ataH vaha syAdinimittaka hI hai / jabaki 'atva' bhI syAdinimittaka hI hai, arthAt donoM samAna hue /

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234 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) dUsarI dRSTi se vicAra karane para syAdipratyaya meM pratyeka syAdipratyaya A jAtA hai, jabaki svarAdisyAdi meM, vyaJjanAdisyAdi kA samAveza nahIM hotA hai / usI dRSTi se 'no'nta' alpa pradezavAlA hai, jabaki 'atva' adhika pradezavAlA hai, ataH kadAcit 'no'nta' ko antaraGga aura 'atva' ko bahiraGga mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu isa prakAra kA antaraGgatva aura bahiraGgatva svIkRta nahIM hai / ataH yahA~ paratva hI vyavasthApaka hai / isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke aucitya ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 aura 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 meM tulya balatva nahIM hai ataH una donoM ke bIca kisI bhI prakAra kI spardhA nahIM hai / usI kAraNa se isa nyAya ke viSaya ke rUpa meM use na lenA cAhie / ve kahate haiM ki 'udac' kA 'udIc' Adeza vizeSavidhi hai aura vizeSavidhi, sAmAnyavidhi se balavAn hotI hai, ata: una donoM ke bIca tulyabalatva nahIM hai aura yadi pratipadoktatva ke kAraNa 'udIc' Adeza ko balavAn mAnA jAya to bhI, una donoM meM tulyabalatva nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi laghunyAsa meM 'Ni' varjana kI carcA karate hue, isa nyAya kI pravRtti batAyI hai aura isa nyAya kI vyAkhyAnusAra vaha ucita pratIta hotI hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'Ni varjana' ke binA hI 'udayati' rUpa siddha ho sakatA hai kyoMki binA Ni varjana, udac' se 'Ni' pratyaya hone para 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 aura 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 kI prApti hai kintu 'udaca udIc' 2/1/ 103 vizeSa vidhi hone se prathama hogI, bAda meM 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se antyasvarAdi kA lopa hokara 'udayati' rUpa bana sakatA hai| ataH yahI Ni varjana vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| ataH isa nyAya ke kAraNa yadi 'Ni' varjana na kiyA hotA to "udac' kA ' udIca' Adeza hone ke bAda 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se antya svarAdi kA lopa nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 sUtragata 'Ni' varjana isa nyAya kA jJApaka banatA hai| isa bAta kA asvIkAra karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki pUrvokta rIti se 'sparddha' 7/4/119 paribhASA kA niyamArthamUlaka arthaghaTana karane para isa nyAya kI siddhi hotI hai tathApi, ye donoM sUtra kevala anyatra sAvakAza hone se hI tulyabalatva hai aisA svIkAra karake laghunyAsakAra ne yahA~ isI prayoga meM isa nyAya kA svIkAra kiyA hai aura 'Ni' varjana kI sArthakatA batAyI hai / pANinIya paramparA meM 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 sUtra ke sthAni 'uda It'.....sUtra meM 'Ni' varjana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / unake mata meM 'udIcayati' rUpa hI hotA hai / 'Ni' varjana na karane para bhI 'udIc' Adeza ke antyasvarAdi kA 'naikasvarasya' 7/4/44 se lopa nahIM hotA hai / 'udIc' yA 'udac' kA eka svaratva kisa prakAra hai usakI spaSTatA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki pANinIya paramparAnusAra upasarga-svarUpa pUrvapada ko, samudAya-svarUpa zabda se dhAtunimittaka pratyaya karate samaya, pRthak kiyA jAtA hai / isa bAta kA svIkAra karake 'udac'aura 'udIc' meM 'ud' ko pRthak karane para 'ac' aura' Ic' aisA eka svaravAlA svarUpa prApta hotA hai / ataH 'naikasvarasya' 7/4/44 se antyasvarAdi kA lopa nahIM hogA /

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.80) 235 siddhahema kI paramparA meM bhI 'na prAdirapratyayaH' 3/3/4 sUtra se 'prAdi' kA dhAtu ke avayava ke rUpa meM niSedha kiyA hai / ataH yahA~ 'ac' meM hI dhAtutva hai, aisA mAnakara ac' se pUrva hI 'aD Agama hotA hai kintu 'ud' se pUrva 'aD' Agama nahIM hotA hai tathApi 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 sUtra meM 'udayati' prayoga kiyA hone se 'Ni' ke lie samagra/saMpUrNa udac' kA hI prakRtitva svIkRta hai aisA siddha hotA hai| isake bAre meM vizeSa carcA karate hue 'taraMga' nAmaka TIkA meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'udIcayati' rUpa ko hI ucita mAnate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki saMpUrNa 'udac' ko hI prakRti mAna liyA jAya to, saba sahI ho jAtA hai kintu aisA mAnane para 'Ni' pratyaya se prayukta kriyAvAcitva bhI saMpUrNa samudAya kA hI mAnanA paDegA aura to saMpUrNa samudAya ko hI dhAtutva prApta hogA kintu usake avayava ko dhAtutva prApta nahIM hogA / jabaki jahA~ svAbhAvika dhAtu ho vahA~, upasarga sahita dhAtu, viziSTa kriyAvAcI hone para bhI upasarga rahita dhAtu kA sAmAnya kriyAvAcitva akSata hI rahatA hai / ata: upasarga dUra karane para bhI, dhAtutva dUra nahIM hotA hai, itanA vahA~ vizeSa hai / yahA~ AkhyAta kA artha athavA 'karoti' artha meM 'Ni' pratyaya jisase hotA hai, usakA dhAtutva mAnA jAtA hai aura 'Ni' hone ke bAda, upasarga ko alaga karane para, dhAtu ke avayavatva kI Apatti Ane se Anarthakya kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai / ataH saMpUrNa 'udac' ko prakRti na mAnanA cAhie aura 'udaca udIc' 2/1/103 meM 'Ni' kA varjana na karanA kyoMki vaha anarthaka hai tathA ' udIcayati' aura adyatanI meM 'udaicicad' rUpa hI ucita hai| jabaki zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ne svayaM udayati' rUpa ko hI iSTa mAnA hai / vahI virodhAbhAsa paramparAnusArI hai, ata: usakA saiddhAntika stara para koI samAdhAna nahIM mila pAtA hai kyoki 'na prAdirapratyayaH' 3/3/4 sUtra ke 'abhyamanAyat' aura 'prAsAdIyat' rUpa, 'ud' aura 'ac' ko pRthak karane ke lie paryApta/balavAn sabUta hai aura 'udaca' meM 'ekasvaratva ke kAraNa ' naikasvarasya' 7/4/ 44 se 'udac' aura 'udIc' ke antyasvarAdi ke lopa kA niSedha hotA hai, kintu sthitasya gatizcintanIyA' nyAya se 'udayati' rUpa isI paramparA meM svIkRta hai / ataH isa nyAya aura isake jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'Ni' varjana ko svIkAra karanA cAhie, aisA merA apanA mata hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'sakRdgate spar3heM-' nyAya aura 'puna: prasaGgavijJAnAt siddham' nyAya paraspara viruddha haiM / ataH 'priyatisRNaH kulasya' udAharaNa meM 'AgamAtsarvAdezaH' nyAya se bAdhita 'no'nta' 'tisR' Adeza hone ke bAda bhI hogA hI / yahI artha/prayojana 'spardhe' 7/4/119 sUtra kA kevala vidhiparaka artha karane se bhI siddha ho sakatA hai / jabaki 'sparddha' 7/4/119 sUtra kI niyamaparaka vyAkhyA karane para 'sakRdgate'-nyAya kA artha siddha hotA hai| yadyapi siddhahema kI paraMparA meM 'sparddha' 7/4/119 sUtra ko paribhASA sUtra mAnA hai aura paribhASA kI 'aniyame niyamakAriNI' vyAkhyA kA svIkAra karane para 'sparddha' 7/4/119 kA niyamaparaka artha kI vyAkhyA karanA cAhie / ataH yahI 'sparddha' 7/4/119 sUtra kA vidhiparaka artha

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236 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) karake 'punaH prasaGgavijJAnAt siddham' nyAya kI siddhi karanA saMbhava nahIM hai tathApi lakSyAnusAra isa nyAya ke anityatva kA Azraya karake, 'puna: prasaGgavijJAnAt siddham' nyAya kA svIkAra ho sakatA hai aura AcAryazrI ne bhI bahuta se sthAna para 'puna: prasaGgavijJAnAt'- nyAya ko batAyA hai aura Azraya kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM jahA~ parasUtra kI hI pravRtti iSTa ho vahA~ 'sparddha' '7/4/119 sUtrakA niyamArthaparaka artha karanA aura jahA~ prathama parasUtra kI aura bAda meM pUrvasUtra kI pravRtti iSTa ho vahA~ 'sparddha' 7/4/ 119 sUtra kA kevala vidhiparaka artha karanA / // 81 // dvitve sati pUrvasya vikAreSu bAdhako na bAdhakaH // 24 // dhAtu kA dvitva hone para , usakA jo pUrva bhAga/khaMDa, usakA parivartana/rUpAntara karate samaya, usI rUpAntara ke bAdhaka sUtra, apanI bAdhyavidhi kA bAdha karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiN| 'sparddha paraH, balavannityamanityAt' ityAdi nyAyoM kA yaha apavAda hai / udA. 'acIkarat' yahA~ 'acakarat' hone ke bAda 'asamAnalope sanvallaghuni De' 4/1/63 se 'sanvadbhAva' hone kI prApti hai aura 'laghordIrgho'svarAdeH' 4/1/64 se dIrghavidhi kI prApti hai / ina donoM meM dIrghavidhi para aura nitya hai, ataH vahI prathama honI cAhie kintu isa nyAya ke kAraNa sanvadbhAva pUrva khaMDa ke vikAra sambandhita hone se, usakI bAdhaka dIrghavidhi, sanvadbhAva kA bAdha karane meM samartha nahIM hotI hai / ata: prathama sanvadbhAva hogA aura bAda meM dIrghavidhi hogI / yadi dIrghavidhi hI prathama hotI to 'acAkarat' aisA aniSTa rUpa hotaa| isa nyAya kA jJApana AguNAvanyAdeH' 4/1/48 meM batAye hue 'nI' ityAdi Agama ke varjana se hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'vanIvacyate, narinati' ityAdi rUpa meM dvitva hue dhAtu ke pUrvabhAga ke 'a' kA 'A' hone kI prApti hai, usakA niSedha karane ke lie 'nI' ityAdi Agama kA varjana kiyA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'A' kA abhAva dUsarI taraha bhI siddha ho sakatA hai| dhAtu kA dvitva hone ke bAda, pUrvabhAga ke 'a' kA 'A' aura 'i, u' ityAdi kA guNa 'AguNau' -4/1/48 se hotA hai, jabaki 'vaJca sraMsa dhvaMsa-' 4/1/50 aura anya sUtra se 'nI' ityAdi kA Agama hotA hai| ye sUtra 'AguNau'-4/1/48 kA apavAda hai / ataH 'AguNau'- 4/1/48 kA bAdha karake 'nI' ityAdi Agama hI prathama hogA, bAda meM 'A' yA 'guNa' nahIM hogaa| kintu yaha nyAya hone se, hAlA~ki 'nI' ityAdi Agama hI prathama hogA tathApi vahI 'nI' ityAdi Agama 'Atva' yA 'guNa' kA bAdha karane meM samartha nahIM hoMge / ataH 'nI' ityAdi Agama aura Atva donoM hone para 'vAnIvacyate, nArinati' ityAdi aniSTa rUpa hoMge, aisI AzaMkA se hI AcAryazrI ne 'nI' ityAdi Agama kA varjana kiyA hai / isa nyAya kI anizcitatA/anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 82) 237 yahA~ 'nI' ityAdi Agama Atva kA apavAda hai, ataH 'nI' ityAdi Agama hI prathama hogA, ataH 'AguNau'- 4/1/48 meM 'nI' ityAdi kA varjana vyartha huA , vaha isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda, 'nI' ityAdi Agama, Atva kA bAdha karane meM samartha nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH 'AguNAvanyAdeH' 4/1/48 meM 'nyAdi' varjana sArthaka hogA / yahA~ aisA na kahanA cAhie ki 'nI' ityAdi Agama hone se pahale, abhyAsa (dvitva hue) ke pUrvakhaMDa se 'nI' ityAdi kA Agama karane para bhI 'Atva' durvAra hI hai kyoMki jaba Atva nahIM hogA taba 'nI' ityAdi Agama karane ke bAda 'anyAdeH' se honevAle niSedha kI saMbhAvanA hone se 'upasaMjaniSyamANanimitto'pyapavAda upasaMjAtanimittamapyupasarga bAdhate' nyAya se prathama Atva kI pravRtti nahIM hogii| yadi 'nyAdi' kA varjana na kiyA hotA to 'nI' ityAdi meM isa nyAya ke kAraNa bAdhakatva kA saMpUrNa abhAva ho jAtA hai| ataH punaH Atva kI pravRtti durvAra ho jAtI hai| usI Atva kA niSedha karane ke lie 'nI' ityAdi kA varjana Avazyaka hai / yahA~ koI aisA kaha sakatA hai ki "vanIvacyate' meM 'vanI' aMza meM AkArAntatva nahIM hone se Atva kI prApti hI nahIM hai / ataH Atva kA niSedha vyartha hogA aura nyAdi varjana vyartha hogA / usake pratyuttara meM batAyA jA sakatA hai ki 'nyAdi' kA varjana jisa aMza meM vyartha hokara nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai, vahA~ vaiyadhikaraNya se bhI anvaya kA jJApana karatA hai / prastuta udAharaNa meM 'nyAdi' varjana se dvitva meM pUrva ke sAtha sambandhita akAra ke Atva svarUpa vaiyadhikaraNya - anvaya kA bhI jJApana hotA hai / ataH 'nI' Agama karane se, akArAntatva ke abhAva se prApta doSa nahIM rahatA hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiN| yaha nyAya sirpha cAndra, kAtaMtra kI bhAvamizrakRta paribhASAvRti, kAtaMtraparibhASApATha, kAlApa paribhASApATha va bhoja paramparA meM nahIM hai| // 82 // kRte'nyasmin dhAtupratyayakArye pazcAdvRddhistadvAdhyo'T ca // 25 // dhAtu ke pratyayasambandhita anya sarva kArya karane ke bAda vRddhi aura usakA bAdhya 'aT' hotA hai| yadyapi yahA~ 'vRddhi' sAmAnya se kahA hai tathApi, 'aT' Agama kI bAdhaka 'svarAdestAsu' 4/ 4/31 se honevAlI 'vRddhi' hI yahA~ lenI hai / yadi aisA na kiyA jAya to 'aT' aura 'vRddhi' kA bAdhyabAdhakabhAva nahIM hogA / ataH 'tadvAdhya' 'aT' kA vizeSaNa nahIM hogaa| 'balavanntyimanityAt, antaraGga bahiraGgAt' ityAdi nyAyoM kA apavAda yaha nyAya hai / vRddhi isa prakAra hotI hai : __'Rk gatau' dhAtu se 'hyastanI' ke parasmaipada kA anyadarthe bahuvacana kA 'an' pratyaya hone para 'aiyaruH' rUpa aura 'adhi' upasargapUrvaka 'iMGk adhyayane' dhAtu se 'hyastanI' Atmanepada anyadarthe bahuvacana kA 'anta' pratyaya hone para 'adhyaiyata' rUpa hotA hai| yahA~ dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyuv'- 2/1/50 se 'iy' Adeza ho yA na ho, to bhI 'svarAdestAsu'

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238 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 4/4/31 se vRddhi hogI hI, ataH vaha nitya hai / ata eva prathama vRddhi hone kI prApti hai tathApi nitya aisI vaddhi prathama na hokara, isa nyAya se 'dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyava'- 2/1/50 se 'Daya' Adeza karane ke bAda hI 'svarAdestAsu' 4/4/31 se vRddhi hogii| yadi prathama vRddhi kI jAya to 'aiyaru:' ke sthAna meM 'Ayaru:' rUpa aura 'adhyayata' ke sthAna para 'adhyAyata' rUpa hogA, kintu ve iSTa nahIM haiM / isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 sUtra kI racanA dvArA hotA hai / 'iMNk gatau'adhi pUrvaka ke 'iMka smaraNe' aura 'asaka bhuvi' dhAtuoM se zastanI kA 'an' pratyaya hone para anukrama se 'Ayan, adhyAyan, Asan' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM, taba 'hviNorapviti' 4/3/15, 'iko vA' 4/3/16 honevAlA 'ya' kA aura 'znAstyorluk' 4/2/90 se honevAle 'a-lopa' kA bAdha karake 'svarAdestAsu' 4/4/31 se vRddhi prathama ho sakatI hai, kyoMki vaha para aura nitya hai, tathApi prathama vRddhi karane ke lie 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 sUtra kI racanA kI, usase jJApita hotA hai ki yaha nyAyAMza hone se 'iMNk' aura 'iMk' kA anukrama se 'hviNorapviti-' 4/3/15 aura 'iko vA' 4/3/16 se yatva aura znAstyorluk' 4/2/90 se 'as' dhAtu ke a kA lopa hone ke bAda hI 'svarAdestAsu' 4/4/31 se honevAlI vRddhi kA vicAra ho sakatA hai arthAt prathama yatva aura a kA lopa hone ke bAda svarAditva kA abhAva hone se vaddhi nahIM hogI aura 'Ayana' ityAdi rUpa siddha nahIM ho sakate haiM / ataH unhIM yatva aura 'a-lopa' kA bAdha karane ke lie. punaH 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 sUtra kI, racanA kI, vaha sArthaka hogii| isa aMza meM yaha nyAya anitya/aniyata hai| ata: 'sam' pUrvaka ke 'kaM prApaNe' dhAtu athavA 'Rk gatau' dhAtu se 'samo gamRcchi'- 3/3/84 se Atmanepada hogA taba 'samArTa' ityAdi rUpa meM 'dhui husvAlluganiTastathoH' 4/3/70 se prApta 'sic' kA lopa karane se pahale hI nitya aisI vRddhi prathama hogI aura bAda meM dhuD yA isva na milane para 'sic' kA lopa nahIM hogaa| aTvidhi isa prakAra hai :- 'acIkarat' ityAdi prayoga meM pUrvokta kAraNa se, nitya aura alpanimittaka hone se, antaraGga aise aT kI prathama prApti hai tathApi 'laghordI?'svarAdeH' 4/1/64 se pahale dIrgha karane ke bAda hI 'aT' Agama hogA aura yadi prathama 'aD' kiyA jAyegA to dhAtu svarAdi ho jAne se, dIrgha nahIM hogaa| isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana 'aD dhAtorAdi'- 4/4/29 sUtra meM 'anu' pada kA upanyAsa nahIM kiyA hai, usase hotA hai| yadi nityatva ityAdi kAraNa se prathama 'aD' kareMge to dhAtu svarAdi ho jAne se, laghordIrgho'svarAdeH' 4/1/64 se dIrghavidhi na hone se, 'acIkarat' ityAdi rUpa kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| ata: dhAtu sambandhita sarva kArya karane ke bAda hI 'aD' hotA hai, vahI batAne ke lie 'aD dhAtorAdi' -4/4/29 sUtra meM 'anu' pada kA upanyAsa karanA Avazyaka thA, yadi aisA kiyA hotA to acchA hotA, yahI AcAryazrI ko mAlUma thA tathApi, 'anu' pada kA upanyAsa nahIM kiyA hai, usase sUcita hotA hai ki yaha nyAyAMza hone se 'anu' pada kA upanyAsa kiye binA hI dhAtu sambandhita sarva kArya karane ke bAda hI 'aD' Agama hogA, vaha AcAryazrI ko mAlUma hai hii|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.82) 239 __ yaha nyAyAMza bhI anitya hai, ata eva 'upasargAtsumsuvaso'-2/3/39meM 'aTyapi' kahA hai| 'abhyaSuNod' ityAdi prayoga meM 'aT' kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI Satva hotA hai / vaha batAne ke lie 'aTyapi' kahA hai / yadi yaha nyAyAMza nitya hotA to, prathama Satva hone ke bAda 'aD' Agama hotA aura to 'aT' ke vyavadhAna se koI pharka na paDatA, ata: 'aTyapi' kahane kI koI AvazyakatA na thI, tathApi 'aTyapi' kahA, vaha batAtA hai ki yaha nyAya anitya hai| isa nyAyAMza ke do aMza haiM aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne donoM ke bhinna bhinna jJApaka batAye haiN| prathamAMza kA jJApaka 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 sUtra hI hai| jabaki dvitIyAMza 'aT' kA jJApaka 'ar3a dhAto-' 4/4/29 sUtra meM 'anu' pada kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai vaha hai / kintu bRhadvRtti ke AdhAra para zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne dvitIya aMza ke jJApaka kA khaMDana kiyA hai / 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 kI bRhadvRtti ke kathanAnusAra isI sUtra se hI saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai / usakA bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai :- 'yatva ' tathA 'luka' hone ke bAda svarAditva kA abhAva ho jAne se 'svarAde'-4/4/31 se vRddhi nahIM hogI, ataH isI sUtra kI racanA dvArA vRddhi kA vizeSa vidhAna kiyA hai kintu yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'aD dhAtorAdi'- 4/4/29 aura 'svarAdestAsu' 4/4/31 meM viSaya saptamI hone se yA 'svarAdestAsu' 4/4/31 parasUtra hone se 'yatva' yA 'luka' hone se pUrva hI vRddhi hogI to 'yatva' yA 'luk' kI prApti kaise hotI hai ? yahI bAta satya hai ataH 'etyasteMvRddhiH' 4/4/ 30 sUtra jJApana karatA hai ki 'kRte'nyasmin dhAtupratyayakArye pazcAd vRddhistadvAdhyo'Tc' / ataH 'aiyaru:, adhyaiyata' ityAdi meM 'iy' Adeza hone ke bAda vRddhi hogI aura 'acIkarat' meM 'aT' karane se pUrva hI dIrghavidhi ho jAyegI kyoMki 'aT' hone ke bAda svarAditva ke kAraNa dIrgha nahIM ho sakatA hai| aura yahI bAta ucita hai kyoMki 'aD dhAtorAdi-' 4/4/29 sUtra kI sarvatra prApti hai aura vaha sAmAnyavidhi hai, ataH svarAdi yA asvarAdi sarvatra usakI pravRtti kA avakAza hai| jabaki 'svarAdestAsu' 4/4/31 aura 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 sUtra usakA apavAda hai| ataH yadi kevala vRddhi hI anta meM hotI hai aisA jJApana ho to 'aD' Agama kA koI naiyatya nahIM rahatA hai ata: usakI pUrvapravRtti hotI hai| kintu yahI 'aD' kA bhI yahI 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 sUtra se hI niyamana hotA hai kyoMki utsarga aura apavAda samAna yogakSemavAle hote haiM aura isa prakAra nyAyasiddhi hone ke bAda 'ar3a dhAto'- 4/4/29 sUtragata 'anu' pada ke anupAdAna ko jJApaka ke rUpa meM batAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai tathApi vaicitrya batAne ke lie donoM aMzoM meM bhinna bhinna jJApaka batAye haiM kintu bRhadvRtti anusAra 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 sUtra hI saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApaka banatA hai| 'acIkarat' prayoga kI siddhi ke lie 'laghordIrgho'svarAdeH' 4/1/64 sUtra meM 'asvarAdeH' kahA hai| yadi 'aT' prathama ho jAtA to vaha dhAtu svarAdi ho jAtA hai| kintu yahI bAta sahI pratIta nahIM hotI hai / vastutaH 'laghordIrgho'svarAdeH' 4/1/64 sUtragata 'asvarAdeH' vacana ke sAmarthya se hI, jo dhAtu binA 'aT' hI svarAdi ho use hI svarAdi ke rUpa meM yahA~ mAnanA cAhie, anyathA Ga ke viSaya meM sarva dhAtuoM se 'aT' avazya hotA hI hai, ata: saba hI dhAtu svarAdi ho jAyeMge to 'laghordIrgho'svarAdeH' 4/1/64 meM 'asvarAdeH' nirarthaka hogA / isa prakAra 'asvarAdeH' pada svarAdi

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240 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) dhAtuoM kA vyAvartaka nahIM banegA / isa prakAra jo dhAtu binA 'aT' hI svarAdi hotA hai usakA hI 'asvarAdeH' se vyavaccheda hotA hai / aisA artha karane se koI doSa paidA nahIM hotA hai aura dhAtu tathA pratyaya sambandhita kArya karane ke bAda 'aT' kI pravRtti kA koI phala nahIM hai / ataH isa 'aT' sambandhita aMza kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isI 'aT' aMza kA jJApaka jo batAyA, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'anu' pada kA anupAdana prayojanAbhAvamUlaka hI hai / isake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA kahanA hai ki upAtta pada hI jJApaka banatA hai, anupAttapada nahIM aura jJApakatva arthAt jJApanakartRtva aura yadi kartRtva na ho to 'vandhyAsuta' ityAdi kI taraha, vaha asaMbhavita bana jAtA hai aura yadi yaha aT' aMza ko anAvazyaka mAnA jAya to, 'upasargAt sug suva so'-2/3/39 meM sthita 'aTyapi' zabda saprayojana hai kyoMki 'aT' nitya hone se usakI pravRtti hI prathama hogI, ata: usI 'aT' ke vyavadhAna ke kAraNa Satva kI aprApti hogI / aura isa prakAra ke 'pazcAdaDbhavane na kiJcid vinazyati' nyAyavRtti ke aMza kI zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne nyAsa meM spaSTatA kI hai ki yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'aT' Agama hone ke bAda, usake vyavadhAna ke kAraNa, usase pUrva hue 'Sa' kA 'nimittAbhAve'- nyAya se nivartana hotA hai kyoMki Satva meM upasarga aura dhAtu kA Anantarya kAraNa hai aura vaha 'aT' ke vyavadhAna se naSTa hotA hai, aisI zaMkA paidA karake, usakA samAdhAna dete hue ve kahate haiM ki 'Agamo'nupaghAtI' nyAya se aD Agama se vyavadhAna nahIM hotA hai , kintu isI nyAyAMza ko na mAneM to aise samAdhAna kI bhI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| tathA 'aT' Agama ke lie 'aDdhAtorAdi'- 4/4/29 meM viSayasaptamI kI vyAkhyA kI hai vaha bhI ucita hai / yadyapi hyastanI, adyatanI yA kriyAtipatti ke pratyaya aura dhAtu ke bIca 'aT' ityAdi ke vyavadhAna ke kAraNa nimittasaptamI ke sthAna meM viSayasaptamI ucita hai, aisA svIkAra karane para bhI, dhAtu aura pratyaya sambandhita sarva kArya karane ke bAda bhI, aD Agama karane ke lie viSayasaptamI kI hI AvazyakatA hai / isa prakAra isI nyAyAMza ke astitva kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai kintu isI nyAyAMza kA bhI jJApaka 'etyastervRddhiH' 4/4/30 sUtra hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha nyAya siddhahema ko choDakara anya kisI bhI paramparA meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / // 83 // pUrvaM pUrvottarapadayoH kAryaM kAryaM pazcAtsandhikAryam // 26 // samAsa meM prathama pUrvapada sambandhita kArya aura uttarapada sambandhita kArya bhinna bhinna rUpa se karake, bAda meM pUrvapada aura uttarapada kI sandhi kA kArya karanA / 'antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt' ityAdi nyAyoM kA yaha apavAda hai| pUrvapada sambandhita kArya isa prakAra hai :- agnizca indrazca agnendrau / yahA~ pUrvapada 'agni' ke 'i' kA 'vedasahazrutAvAyudevatAnAm' 3/2/41 se 'A' dvandva samAsa kI apekSA se bahiraGga hone para bhI prathama hogA, kintu 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se honevAlA sandhikArya dvandva samAsa kI

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.83) 241 apekSArahita hone se antaraGga hone para bhI prathama nahIM hogA / yadi yaha sandhikArya antaraGga hone se prathama hotA to, pUrvapada aura uttarapada ke avayava se utpanna 'I' kA 'ubhayasthAnaniSyanno'nyataravyapadezabhAk' nyAya se, jaba 'agnI' svarUpa meM 'I' ko pUrvapada ke anta meM mAnA jAyegA to usakA, 'vedasahazrutAvAyudevatAnAm' 3/2/41 se 'A' hone para 'agnAndrau' hogA aura jaba usI 'I' ko uttarapadake Adi meM sthita mAnA jAyegA to, pUrvapada 'agn' hogA aura usake antya 'n' kA 'vedasahazrutA'-3/2/41 se 'A' hogA to 'agendrau' rUpa hogA / aise ina donoM prakAra se aniSTa rUpa hI hoMge / ataH 'Atva' rUpa pUrvapada sambandhita kArya karake hI yathAprApta sandhikArya karanA, vaha yahA~ 'avarNasyevarNAdi'- 1/2/6 se honevAlA 'etva' hogaa| isa nyAya kA upapAdana/jJApana 'yva: padAntAt prAgaidaut' 7/4/5 kI vRtti meM, pUrvasUtra meM se anuvRtta 'vRddhiprAptau satyAm' zabdoM se hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :- isI sUtra kA artha yaha hai ki 'jit Nit' taddhita pratyaya para meM AyA ho to, jisa 'i' varNa aura 'u' varNa kI vRddhi honevAlI hai unhIM 'i' varNa aura 'u' varNa ke sthAna meM hue jo 'y' aura 'v', usase pUrva anukrama se 'ai' aura 'au' hotA hai / udA. 'vyAkaraNaM vetti adhIte vA, vaiyAkaraNaH / ' yahA~ 'tadvettyadhIte' 6/2/117 se 'aN' huA hai / vaise, 'svazvasya ayam ' meM 'tasyedam' 6/3/160 se 'aN' hogA aura 'sauvazvaH' hogaa| yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to 'vyAkaraNa' aura 'svazva' zabda bane taba hI yatva aura vatva ho gayA hone se, 'i' varNa aura 'u' varNa kI vRddhi kI prApti kaise hotI ? aura yahI 'i' varNa aura 'u' varNa vRddhimAn na mAnA jAya to 'yvaH padAntAt prAgaidaut' 7/4/5 se 'ai' aura 'au' bhI kaise hotA? kintu yaha nyAyAMza hone se 'aN' pratyaya karate samaya -- vi AkaraNa aN' aura 'su azva aNa' kI sthiti meM 'vi' aura 'su' ke 'i' varNa aura 'u' varNa kA 'aNa' ke kAraNa vRddhi rUpa kArya hI prathama hogA / kintu yatva aura vatva rUpa sandhikArya prathama hogA, aisI saMbhAvanA se hI, AcAryazrI ne 'vRddhiprAptau satyAm' zabdo kI anuvRtti kI hai aura vahI 'vRddhiprApti' hone para 'yvaH padAntAt prAgaidaut' 7/4/5 sUtraracanA ke sAmarthya se hI, usI vRddhi kA bAdha karake yatva, vatva hI hogA aura bAda meM 'ai, au' hogaa| __ isI nyAyAMza kA anaiyatya mAlUma nahIM detA hai| uttarapada sambandhita kArya isa prakAra hai :- 'paramazcAsAvayaM ca paramAyam' yahA~ parama si- idam si' meM 'aikArthya' 3/2/8 se syAdi pratyaya kA lopa hone para 'parama idam' hogA, bAda meM samAsanimittaka 'si' pratyaya hogA, taba 'parama idam si' hogA yahA~ uttarapada ke 'idam' kA 'ayamiyaM puMstriyoH sau' 2/1/38 se 'ayam' Adeza syAdi-pulliGga kI apekSA hone se bahiraGga hai, tathApi, prathama hogA, kintu 'avarNasyevarNAdi'- 1/2/6 se honevAlA 'etva' syAdipulliGga kI apekSArahita aisA, pUrvapada aura uttarapada kI sandhi kA kArya, antaraGga hone para bhI prathama nahIM hogaa| yadi yahI antaraGga kArya prathama hotA to 'ubhayasthAnaniSpanno-' nyAya se, usI ekAra ko yadi

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242 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'idam' sambandhita mAnA jAya to 'ekadezavikRta-' nyAya se 'edam' kA 'ayamiyam'- 2/1/38 se 'ayam' Adeza hone para 'paramayam' rUpa hogA aura ekAra ko yadi 'parama' zabda sambandhita mAnA jAya to, kevala 'dam' hI bacegA aura avayava meM samudAya kA upacAra karane para vahI 'dam' bhI 'idam' hI kahA jAyegA ataH usakA bhI 'ayamiyama-'2/1/38 se 'ayama' Adeza karane para 'parame'yama' rUpa hogA / ye donoM rUpa aniSTa hai / ataH uttarapada kA 'ayam' Adeza karane ke bAda hI yathAprApta saMdhikArya hogA aura 'avarNasye-' 1/2/6 se 'etva' nahIM kintu 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 se dIrghavidhi hI hogii| isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana 'Ato nendravaruNasya' 7/4/29 sUtranirdiSTa 'indra' zabda ke svara kI vRddhi ke niSedha se hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'agnendrau devate'sya iti AgnendraM sUktam' / yahA~ 'agnendra' zabda se 'devatA' 6/2/101 se 'aN' pratyaya huA hai| yahA~ prathama pUrvapada sambandhita kArya karanA / vaha isa prakAra hai :- isa nyAya se siddha 'vedasahazrutAvAyu-' 3/2/41 se 'agni' ke 'i' kA 'A' hone ke bAda, aN pratyaya para meM hone se 'agnA indra aNa' meM 'devatAnAmAtvAdau' 7/4/28se ubhayapada ke Adyasvara kI vRddhi hone kI prApti hai / ata: 'a' aura 'i' donoM kI vRddhi honevAlI hai, usakA 'Ato nendravaruNasya' 7/4/29 se niSedha kiyA hai| yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to, yahI niSedha vyartha hotA / vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'indra' zabda meM do hI svara haiM, unameM se prathama svarasaMdhi dvArA dUra hotA hai arthAt 'agnA' ke 'A' ke sAtha 'indra' ke 'i' kI saMdhi hone para 'e' hogA kyoMki isa nyAyAMza ke abhAva meM, etva vidhi antaraGga hai, ataH 'avarNasye' 1/2/6 se prathama etva hogA aura dUsarA svara 'ndra' meM 'a' hai, usakA 'aN' pratyaya para meM hone se, 'avarNevarNasya-' 7/4/68 se lopa hone para, vaha dUra hogA, ata: 'indra' zabda svararahita hone para, usake svara kI vRddhi kI prApti hI nahIM hai| ata: usakA niSedha bhI vyartha hai / tathApi usakI vRddhi kA niSedha kiyA, usase sUcita hotA hai ki prathama uttarapada sambandhita kArya karanA, usake bAda hI pUrvapada aura uttarapada sambandhita sandhikArya karanA / aisA karane para 'agnA indra aNa' meM prathama sandhikArya ke sthAna para 'devatAnAmAtvAdau' 7/4/28 se 'a' kI vRddhi ke sAtha sAtha 'indra' ke 'i' kI bhI vaddhi hone para 'AgnA aindra Agnaindra' aisA aniSTa rUpa hogA ataH usakI vRddhi kA niSedha karanA Avazyaka hai| ataH 'Ato nendravaruNasya' 7/4/29 se kiyA gayA vRddhiniSedha sArthaka hai / yaha nyAyAMza anitya hone se 'parama iH yasya tasya parameH' prayoga meM 'parama i' do padoM meM se uttarapada svarUpa 'i' kA SaSThI ekavacana kA Gas pratyaya para meM hone para bhI 'Gityaditi' 1/4/23 se 'e' nahIM hotA hai / yadi aisA hotA to 'parameH' ke sthAna para 'paramaiH' jaisA aniSTa rUpa hotA / isa nyAya ke pUrvottarapadayoH kAryaM' aMza kA artha karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'pUrvapadakArya' arthAt pUrvapada sambandhita kArya aura uttarapadakArya arthAt uttarapada sambandhita kArya na ki 'pUrvapadaM' aura 'uttarapadaM' zabdoM ke uccAra kara kahA gayA kArya / anyathA vRddhikArya ko

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 83 ) 243 1 pUrvapadakArya yA uttarapadakArya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / yahI bAta zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI mAnyatAnusAra hai| kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatAnusAra 'pUrvapada' zabda kA uccAra kara kahe gaye kArya ko hI pUrvapada sambandhita kArya kahanA hI aucityapUrNa hai / ataH 'vaiyAkaraNa' ityAdi meM 'ai' Agama aura Adya svara kI vRddhi pUrvapada sambandhita kArya nahIM hai / vaise 'paramAyam' meM 'ayam' Adeza uttarapada sambandhita kArya na hone se isa nyAya ke binA aniSTa rUpa hogA, aisA bhI na mAnanA cAhie kyoMki vahI kArya bhI 'uttarapada' kA uccAra karake nahIM kahA gayA hai / yadyapi 'ayam' Adeza uttarapada meM sthita 'idam ' sambandhita hI hai tathApi vaha uttarapada hai, isalie usakA 'ayam' Adeza karanA hai, vaisA nahIM hai / aura vRddhi meM to saMpUrNa zabda ke Adi meM sthita svara kI hI vRddhi kA vidhAna hai, yadi vaha zabda sAmAsika hone se, pUrvapada ke Adyasvara kI vRddhi hotI hai, tathApi vaha pUrvapada kI vRddhi nahIM kahI jA sakatI / ataH aise udAharaNa meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti na karanI cAhie, aisA unakA mata hai / tathApi zrImahaMsagaNi ne diye hue 'paramAyam, paramAham, Agnendra' ityAdi prayoga meM, unhoMne isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA svIkAra kiyA hai, aisA, isa nyAya kI 'taraMga' TIkA dekhane se spaSTa mAlUma detA hai / isa nyAya ke donoM aMza aura usake jJApaka kI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya ke donoM aMzoM kA svIkAra karanA saMbhava hai tathApi ina donoM ke lie bhinna bhinna jJApaka hoM, aisA lagatA nahIM hai yahA~ pUrvAMza ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'yvaH padAntAt prAgaidaut' 7 / 4/5 sUtra kI vRtti ke 'tatprAptau satyAm' zabdoM ke anuvartana ko mAnA hai kintu vaha ucita nahIM lagatA hai| jJApaka to vahI kahA jAtA hai ki jisake binA amuka kArya yA rUpa anupapanna ho aura jisake astitva meM hI vahI kArya upapanna ho / yahA~ ikAra aura ukAra kI vRddhiprApti saMbhAvanA ke viSayayukta hI hai, arthAt yadi yahA~ yatva, vatva, na huA hotA to, usake sthAnI ikAra aura ukAra kI vRddhi hotI arthAt 'tatprAptau satyAm ' pada, kevala upalakSaNa se ikAra aura ukAra ke svarUpa kA paricaya karAtA hai kintu vahI ikAra aura ukAra kA vyAvartaka nahIM hai / aura vRddhiprApti kA samaya Aye taba taka ve hI ikAra ukAra, ikAra ukAra hI rahate hoM, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| ataH saMdhi se yatva -vatva hone para bhI 'tatprAptau satyAm' pada kA paricAyakatva dUra nahIM hotA hai, ataH usake dvArA isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana karanA ucita nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pariniSThita pada hI anyapada kI AkAMkSA rakhatA hai, isake anusAra 'vyAkaraNa' zabda, usakI sarvathA niSpatti na ho taba taka, use nAmatva bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai aura nAma saMjJA meM hI dvitIyA ki utpatti hokara 'vyAkaraNamadhIte' ityAdi vigraha ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra saMhitA hone se taddhita kA 'aN' pratyaya ho taba taka saMdhi binA nahIM rahA jA sakatA hai / ataH isa nyAya se aise prayoga meM vRddhiprAptikAla' Aye taba taka, saMdhikArya kI nivRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai aura Upara batAyA usI taraha Adya svara kI vRddhi kA kArya pUrvapada sambandhita yA uttarapada sambandhita nahIM hai kintu saMpUrNa samudAya sambandhita hai / isa prakAra yahA~ isa nyAya ke binA bhI kArya siddha ho sakatA hai aura isa nyAya se ikAra kI vRddhiprApti kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai / ataH 'tatprAptau satyAm' zabdoM kI anuvRtti ko isa

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244 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) nyAyAMza kA jJApaka mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / 'Ato nendravaruNasya' 7/4/29 sUtra kI bRhadvRti meM isI sUtra ko hI saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA gayA hai aura usakI jJApakatA batAte hue bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki "yahA~ kisIko zaMkA hotI ho ki 'indra' zabda meM do svara haiM, unameM se prathama svara sandhi dvArA dUra ho jAyegA, jabaki antya svara 'a' 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 se dUra ho jAyegA to 'indra' zabda svararahita hone se, usake svara kI vRddhi kA niSedha karane kI kyA AvazyakatA ? yahI zaMkA ucita hai kintu yahI vRddhi niSedha hI jJApana karatA hai ki 'bahiraGga aisA, pUrvapada sambandhita aura uttarapada sambandhita kArya karane ke bAda hI sandhikArya hotA hai / ' aura 'pUrveSukAmazama-' ityAdi kI siddhi hotI hai| yahA~ aisI zaMkA na karanI ki uttarapada kI vRddhi ke niSedha dvArA saMpUrNa (pUrvapada aura uttarapada, donoM nyAyAMza kA) nyAya kA jJApana kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki 'asati bAdhake pramANAnAM sAmAnye pakSapAta:' nyAya se yA 'ekadezAnumatyA saMpUrNasya' nyAya se saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai, aisA mAnanA caahie| laghunyAsakAra ne bhI 'vaiyAkaraNa' ityAdi zabda meM isa nyAya kI apravRtti hI batAyI hai / ve bhI 'yvaH padAntAt prAgaidaut' 7/4/5 sUtra kI vRtti ke 'tatprAptau satyAm' zabdoM kI anuvRtti ko, isa nyAya ke pUrvAMza ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM anucita batAte haiM / laghunyAsakAra kA abhiprAya isa prakAra hai :- ve bRhadvRtti ke 'paratvAnnityatvAcca vRddheH prAgeva sarvatrAnenaidautau' kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki 'vi AkaraNa' meM 'Ato nendravaruNasya' 7/4/29 se jJApita 'pUrvaM sandhikAryaM na bhavati' kA vaha jJApakasiddha hone se Azraya nahIM kiyA jAyegA taba yatva-vatva kA abhAva hogA aura 'ai, au' nahIM hogaa| aura 'pUrvaM sandhikAryaM na bhavati' kA Azraya kareMge to 'i-u' kA 'ai-au' hogA kintu yatva-vatva kA abhAva hogA,, ataH usase pUrva 'ai-au' nahIM hogA / aba 'i' kA 'ai' hone ke bAda usakA 'Aya' hogA, taba usake 'A' kA hI ai karanA par3egA, ata: prathama vRddhi hI hogI aura yatvavatva nahIM hogA, aisA Agraha na karanA, aura isa prakAra 'tatprAptau satyAm' anarthaka hI hogA, jo iSTa nahIM hai| vastutaH yahA~ 'vaiyAkaraNa' ityAdi prayoga me isa nyAya kI pravRtti kI carcA ucita nahIM lagatI hai kyoMki yahA~ parvapada sambandhita yA uttarapada sambandhita kArya kA hI abhAva hai| __ aura laghunyAsakAra ne jo kahA ki 'vi AkaraNa' meM prathama vRddhi karake 'Aya' Adeza karake usake 'A' kA 'ai' karane se rUpasiddhi hogI, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM / vastutaH isa prakAra kI rUpasiddhi laghunyAsakAra ko iSTa hai hI nahIM, aisA laghunyAsa dekhane se spaSTa lagatA hai / yaha to unhoMne sirpha rUpasiddhi karane kI saMbhavitatA kA hI vicAra kiyA hai, aisA hamArA/ apanA mata hai / yaha nyAya kevala jainendra kI paribhASAvRtti, nAgeza ke paribhASenduzekhara aura zeSAdrinAtha kI paribhASAvRtti meM hI hai, ise choDakara anyatra kahIM bhI yaha nyAya nahIM hai| Jan Education International

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 84 ) // 84 // saMjJA na saMjJAntarabAdhikA // 27 // pUrvasUtra se huI saMjJA kA parasUtra se huI saMjJA se bAdha nahIM hotA hai / udA. 'prasthaH ' yahA~ 'gati' aura 'upasarga' donoM saMjJA kA sadbhAva / astitva hone se 'gatikvanyastatpuruSaH ' 3 / 1 / 42 se tatpuruSa samAsa bhI hogA aura 'upasargAdAto Do'zyaH' 5 /1/ 56 se 'Da' bhI hogA / 245 isa nyAya kA jJApana ' dhAtoH pUrjAtha' - 3/1/1 sUtra se kI gaI, pra' ityAdi kI upasarga saMjJA se hotA hai / yadi isake bAda Aye hue 'uryAdyanukaraNazcvi' - 3/1/2 sUtra se honevAlI 'gati' saMjJA dvArA 'upasarga' saMjJA kA bAdha hotA to 'upasarga' saMjJA niSphala hI hotI, to vaha karate hI nahIM, tathApi vahI 'upasarga' saMjJA kI hai usakA isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'gati' saMjJA se bAdha nahIM hone ke kAraNa hI kI hai / yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH 'spRhervyApyaM vA' 2/2/26 meM 'vA' kA grahaNa kiyA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hI hotA to 'spRha'dhAtu ke vyApya ko 'vA' ke grahaNa binA hI, karma aura saMpradAna donoM saMjJAyeM ho sakatI haiM kyoMki donoM meM bAdhyabAdhakabhAva kA hI abhAva hai| ataH karma saMjJA kA saMpradAnasaMjJA se bAdha nahIM hotaa| ataH 'vA' vikalpa binA bhI 'caitraM caitrAya vA spRhayati' siddha ho sakatA hai, tathApi vA kA grahaNa kiyA vaha yaha nyAya anitya hone se, saMpradAna saMjJA se, karma saMjJA kA bAdha ho jAyegA, aisI saMbhAvanA se hI / dUsarA bhI eka nyAya yaha hai ki 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'karaNaM ca ' 2/2/19 se div dhAtu ke 'karaNa' ko ekasAtha hI 'karma' aura 'karaNa' do saMjJAe~ hotI haiM, ataH 'akSAn akSairvA dIvyati' aise donoM prakAroM ke prayoga hote haiN| 'akSaidervayate maitrazcaitreNa' prayoga meM 'akSa' zabda ko 'karaNa' saMjJA hone se tRtIyA vibhakti huI hai aura 'karma' saMjJA huI hone se 'gatibodhAhArArthazabdakarmanityAkarmaNAmanIkhAdyadivAzabdAyakrandAm' 2/2/5 se prApta nitya akarmaka dhAtu sambandhita, aNi avasthA ke kartA ko honevAlI karmasaMjJA 'caitra' ko nahIM hotI hai aura 'akSa' zabda ko karma saMjJA huyI hone se hI 'div' dhAtu se 'ANigi prANikartRkAnApyANNigaH ' 3/3/107 sUtra se prApta akarmakalakSaNa parasmaipada nahIM hotA hai / yahA~ koI kahatA hai ki 'akSairdevayate maitrazcaitreNa' prayoga meM 'karma' aura 'karaNa' donoM saMjJAe~ caritArtha haiM, tathApi 'akSAn akSairvA dIvyati' prayoga hone para bhI donoM saMjJAoM kI sparddhA meM 'karaNahetuka' tRtIyA vibhakti hI ucita hai kintu dvitIyA na ho kyoMki vaha para hai| yahA~ aisA uttara diyA jAtA hai ki ApakI bAta sahI hai kintu jaba 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya kA prayoga hotA hai, taba dvitIyA bhI hotI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :- isa nyAya kA artha yaha hai ki pratyeka kArya ke pratisaMjJA karanevAle sUtra bhinna bhinna mAne jAte haiM, ata: 'karaNaM caM' 2/2/19 sUtra meM yadyapi ekasAtha do saMjJAe~ kI jAtI haiM, tathApi 'akSAn akSairvA dIvyati' vaise do prakAra ke prayoga pAye jAte haiM, usakI

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246 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) siddhi ke lie prati kAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya se 'karaNaM ca' 2/2/19 sUtra kI puna: AvRtti karake do bAra vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| prathama bAra 'divaH karaNaM karma syAt' aura dUsarI bAra divaH karaNaM karaNaM syAt' aise do bAra bhinna bhinna saMjJAe~ kI jAtI haiM aura yahI artha 'ca'kAra se sUcita hotA hai kyoMki 'avyayAnAmanekArthatvAt' (avyayoM ke aneka artha hote haiM) ataH prathama vyAkhyA meM yahI sUtra kevala karmasaMjJA kA vidhAyaka hotA hai kintu 'karaNa' saMjJA kA vidhAyaka nahIM hotA hai| ataH 'akSAna dIvyati' prayoga kisI bhI prakAra ke virodha ke binA hI ho sakatA hai / yataH 'sparddha' 7/4/119 kA vicAra karate samaya prathama vyAkhyA ke pakSa meM 'karaNa' saMjJA ke vidhAna kA hI abhAva hone se, tRtIyA kI prApti kA bhI abhAva hogA / ataH karma saMjJA kI kisake sAtha spardhA hogI ? arthAt spardhA kA bhI abhAva hogA aura dUsarI vyAkhyAnusAra 'akSairdIvyati' prayoga to Apake matAnusAra bhI saMmata/nirvigAna hI hai aura aisI do bhinna bhinna vyAkhyAe~ 'akSAn dIvyati, akSairdIvyati' do bhinna bhinna prayogoM kI siddhi ke lie hI haiN| aba yahA~ dUsarI zaMkA hotI hai ki yadi Apa do bhinna bhinna vyAkhyAe~ kareMge to usase eka hI sUtra meM do sUtroM kA AropaNa karane se ve donoM bhinna bhinna sUtra mAne jAyegeM to bhI ina do sUtroM se vihita karma aura karaNa saMjJAoM ke bIca kI spardhA kaise dUra ho sakatI hai ? aura yahI nivRtti na ho to prathama 'karaNaM ca' 2/2/19 se huI karmasaMjJA kA, dvitIya 'karaNaM' ca '2/2/19 sUtra se huI karaNasaMjJA se jo bAdha hogA, vaha kaise dUra kiyA jA sakegA ? usakA pratyutara dete hue kahate haiM ki jaba 'karaNaM ca' 2/2/19 sUtra meM sUtradvayatva kA Aropa nahIM karegeM taba spardhA hogI, kintu jaba usameM sUtradvayatva kA Aropa karegeM taba, ye donoM saMjJAe~ apane apane sUtra meM sthita hone se spardhA kI nivRtti hogI / jaise eka hI ghara ke aMdara dIvAra ityAdi karake ghara ke do bhinna bhinna vibhAga meM rahatI sapatnIyA~/sauteM-jaise eka-dUsarI ko binA bAdhA pahu~cAe rahatI haiM / yadi aisA na ho to isI eka sUtra ke do sUtra kiye gaye, vahI prayatna vyartha hogA / isa prakAra spardhA kI nivRtti hone para kauna kisa kA bAdha karegA? tAtparya isa prakAra hai :- yahA~ 'karaNaM ca' 2/2/19 sUtra se hotI donoM saMjJAoM kA vidhAna 'akSairdevayate maitrazcaitreNa' ityAdi prayoga meM caritArtha hai / ataH 'akSAn akSairvA dIvyati' ityAdi prayoga meM Upara batAyI gaI yukti se tRtIyA hI ho sakatI hai, kintu dvitIyA kA prayoga bhI prApta hotA hai| ataH usake samarthana meM 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya ke bala se eka hI 'karaNaM ca' 2/2/19 sUtra kI do bhinna bhinna vyAkhyA dvArA, usI sUtra meM sUtradvayatva kA Aropa karake, usake prathama sUtra dvArA dvitIyA bhI kI jAtI hai| kintu yaha 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya dvArA upara batAyI gaI, yukti se 'karaNaM ca' 2/ 2/19 sUtra meM do bhinna bhinna vyAkhyA dvArA sUtradvayatva kA Aropa karake do saMjJAoM ke bIca kI spardhA dUra karake, karma saMjJA kA karaNa saMjJA se honevAle bAdha ko dUra kiyA, vaha 'saMjJA na saMjJAntarabAdhikA' nyAya kA hI eka prakAra hai, kevala usakA samarthana karane kI paddhati hI bhinna hai / ataH isa nyAya

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 84 ) se pRthaka nahIM kahA gayA hai / sAmAnyatayA parasUtra pUrva kA, aura apavAda utsarga kA tathA vizeSavidhi sAmAnya vidhi kA bAdhaka banatA hai / usI taraha pUrvasUtrokta saMjJA kA usIse sambandhita parasUtrokta saMjJA se bAdha nahIM hotA hai| 247 bAdhya aura bAdhaka ekasAtha nahIM raha sakate haiM, usI arthamUlaka yaha nyAya hai / arthAt jahA~ donoM ekasAtha hoM to vahA~ unake bIca paraspara bAdhyabAdhakabhAva nahIM rahatA hai / ataH eka zabda yA varNa meM aneka saMjJAe~ hotI haiM, aise nyAyasiddha yA aucityasiddha artha hI yahA~ kahA hai / ataH jahA~ do bhinna bhinna saMjJAoM kA phala eka sAtha na rahatA ho, vahA~ ve saMjJAe~ eka sAtha karanA saMbhava nahIM hone se jisa kArya kA bAdha hotA hai, usI kArya kI prayojaka saMjJA kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai kyoMki usakA koI phala nahIM hai / zrImahaMsagaNi ne 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya kI vyAkhyA ' pratikAryaM saMjJAvidhAyakAni zAstrANi bhidyante ' kI hai aura usakA artha laghunyAsa ke anusAra sahI hone para bhI, saMjJAsUtra kI punaH AvRtti karane se, do saMjJA ke bIca ke bAdhyabAdhaka bhAva kI nivRtti hotI hai, aisA kahakara jo vivecana kiyA hai, use zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ucita nahIM mAnate haiM / I yahA~ karma aura karaNa svarUpa do saMjJAoM ke bAdhyabAdhakabhAva kA kAraNa, do paraspara viruddha vibhaktiyA~ haiM / aura saMjJAsUtra kI punaH AvRtti karane se yaha dUra nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki virodha ke hetu kI nivRtti ke abhAva meM bhI, sUtrAvRtti karane se virodha kI nivRtti hotI hai, vaha nyAyya pratIta nahIM hotA hai / aura yahA~ dRSTAMta ke rUpa meM 'do sapatniyoM / sautoM ke bIca jo virodha hai vaha eka hI ghara meM, bIca meM dIvAra karake, do ghara banAne para dUra ho jAtA hai' aisA jo kahA, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki do sautoM ke bIca kA virodha ekagRhanimittaka nahIM hai kintu samAnapatikAtva sambandhita hai / ataH gRha ke do bhAga karane se usakI nivRtti kA kaise saMbhava hai ? vaise do saMjJAoM ke bIca kA virodha sUtra kI punaH AvRtti karane se kaise dUra ho sakatA hai ? : tathA laghunyAsa meM batAye sUtrabhedakaraNa kA Azaya isa prakAra hai ki jitane bhinna bhinna saMjJAnimittaka kAryo kI saMbhAvanA ho, utane bhinna bhinna saMjJAvidhAyaka sUtroM ki kalpanA karanA / yahI bAta mahAbhASya meM bhI batAyI hai / usakA artha isa prakAra hai dvitIyA kI utpatti karanevAlI karmasaMjJAvidhAyaka 'karaNaM ca ' 2/2/19 sUtra ko bhinna mAnanA aura akarmatva prayukta, aNikkartA ko karma karanevAlI tathA 'aNigi prANikartRkAnApyANNiga: ' 3/3/107 sUtra se parasmaipada nahIM karanevAlI karmasaMjJA bhinna honese usake lie karmasaMjJAvidhAyaka 'karaNaM ca ' 2/2/19 ko bhinna mAnanA / ataH 'akSairdevayate yajJadattena' prayoga meM 'aNikkartA' ko karmatva na hone se aura parasmaipada kA bhI abhAva hone se dvitIyA kI utpatti kI prayojaka aisI karma saMjJA caritArtha na hone se vahI karma saMjJA anavakAza

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248 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) hotI hai| ataH dvitIyA avazya hogI / pariNAmataH 'akSAn devayati' prayoga bhI hogA / aisA mAnane para karmasaMjJA sAvakAza hone se dvitIyA hI honI cAhie, aisI zaMkA ko sthAna hI nahI rahatA hai / 'saMjJA na saMjJAntarabAdhikA' kA 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya ke sAtha phala kI samAnatA hone para bhI artha kI dRSTi se donoM bhinna haiN| 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya kI siddhahema bRhadvRttyanusAra carcA isa prakAra hai :- bRhadvRtti meM 'karaNaM ca' 2/2/19 sUtra ke 'ca' kAra kA phala batAte hue kahA hai ki 'karaNaM vA' kahane se hI siddhi ho jAtI thI, tathApi 'ca' do saMjJAoM kA samAveza karane ke lie hai / aisA kahakara Age kahate haiM ki "ata: 'akSairdevayate maitrazcaitreNa' udAharaNa meM 'akSa' se karaNatva ke kAraNa tRtIyA hotI hai aura 'akSa' ke karmatva ke kAraNa, 'gatibodhAhArArtha-' 2/2/5 se 'nityAkarmatvanimittaka, aNiga avasthA ke kartA ko karmatva prApta nahIM hotA hai / ataH 'caitreNa' meM tRtIyA hogI aura 'devayate' meM 'aNigi prANi' - 3/3/107 se akarmatvanimittaka parasmaipada bhI nahIM hogaa|" bAda meM punaH zaMkA kI gaI hai ki 'akSAn dIvyati' prayoga meM bhI 'akSa' ko karma aura karaNa saMjJA huI hai / ataH para aisI karaNasaMjJAnimittaka tRtIyA vibhakti hI karanI cAhie / usakA uttara dete hue kahA hai ki yahI zaMkA ucita nahIM hai| spardhA ho vahA~ hI para sUtra balavAn banatA hai aura sparddhA to samAna viSaya meM hI hotI hai aura pratiniyata karmazakti va pratiniyata karaNazakti kA abhidhAna karanevAlI dvitIyA aura tRtIyA meM samAnaviSayatva hI nahIM hai| ataH dvitIyA hI hogI / yahI prathama samAdhAna hai| dUsarA samAdhAna dete hue kahA hai ki 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya se donoM saMjJA anavakAza hone se dvitIyA aura tRtIyA donoM anukrama se/payArya se karane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| isameM prathama samAdhAna 'saMjJA na saMjJAntara bAdhikA' nyAya kA anumodaka hai kyoMki usameM kahA hai ki samAna viSayavAloM meM hI paraspara virodha hotA hai / ataH bhinna viSayavAlI do saMjJAoM meM paraspara virodha kA abhAva hone se para aisI karaNa saMjJA se parvokta karmasaMjJA kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai| dasare samAdhAna meM kahA hai ki virodha ho to bhI anavakAza saMjJA kA parasaMjJA se bAdha nahIM hotA hai aura yahA~ anavakAzatva to donoM saMjJA kA hai| jabaki 'akSa' ke karmatva ke kAraNa, 'aNikartA' ko karmatva kI prApti nahIM hogI taba 'devayate' meM parasmaipada nahIM hogaa| isa paristhiti meM anavakAzatva kaise hai ? isI zaMkA kA samAdhAna 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' mata dvArA diyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :- saMjJA nimittaka jitane kArya haiM usI pratyeka kArya ke lie bhinna bhinna saMjJA sUtra samajhane cAhie, vaise yahA~ dvitIyotpatti rUpa kArya ke lie 'div' dhAtu ke karaNa ko karma saMjJA karanevAle sUtra kA, dvitIyotpatti ke binA anavakAzatva akSata hI rahatA hai aura dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai kyoMki karaNasaMjJA se karmasaMjJA kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai| aura nyAsakAra ne bhI 'pratikArya' kI spaSTatA karate hue kahA hai ki eka hI karma ke yA karaNa ke pratyeka kArya ke lie bhinna bhinna saMjJAsUtra mAnane cAhie / nyAsakAra kI yahI spaSTatA uparyukta artha hI sUcita karatI hai kintu zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA huA vyAkhyAdvayasvarUpa artha yA sUtrabheda se virodhAbhAva ityAdi artha kA pratipAdana nahIM karatA hai / yadi sUtrabheda se virodhAbhAva ho jAtA to

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.84) 249 vyAkaraNazAstra meM pratyeka sUtra bhinna bhinna hone se, kadApi koI kisI kA bAdha karane meM samartha nahIM bana pAtA hai / kintu zrIhemahaMsagaNi kA aisA arthaghaTana aura dRSTAMta ucita nahIM hai aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiN| Upara batAyA usI taraha 'saMjJA na saMjJAntarabAdhikA' nyAya aura pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya kA phala samAna hone para bhI artha se donoM nyAya bhinna haiN| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'pratikArya saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya kI dUsarI taraha sarala vyAkhyA kI hai aura vaha isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM batAyI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'vRkSaM prati vidyotate vidyud' meM jaise lakSaNArtha meM 'prati' zabda hai vaise 'prati kAryaM' meM bhI hai| kArya ko lakSya banAkara eka hI zabda kI bhinna bhinna saMjJAe~ kI jAtI haiM, ve usI usI kArya ke lie hI hotI haiM / udA. 'vAri' zabda meM sthita ikAra kA svarasaMjJA ke kAraNa 'vArINAm' meM 'dirhAsvarasyA-' 1/3/31 se 'i' kA dvitva nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vahA~ svara kA varjana kiyA hai / isva saMjJA ke 'kAraNa' 'husvApazca' 1/4/32 se 'Am' kA 'nAm' Adeza huA hai / samAna saMjJA ke kAraNa 'dIrghonAmyatisR'- 1/4/47 se 'i' dIrgha huA hai| 'nAmi' saMjJA ke kAraNa 'he vAre ! he vAri !' meM Amantrya 'si' kA 'nAmino lugvA' 1/4/61 se vikalpa se lopa huA hai| yadi eka hI zabdAdi ko bhinna bhinna saMjJAnimittaka bhinna bhinna iSTa kArya kI siddhi na hotI ho to zAstrakAra eka hI zabdAdi ko bhinna bhinna saMjJA kyoM kareM ? ataH yahA~ bhI 'akSAn dIvyati' svarUpa dvitIyAnta prayoga yadi hotA hI na ho aura spardhA meM para aisI karaNasaMjJA se parvokta karmasaMjA kA bAdha hotA to zAstrakAra AcAryazrI karaNaM ca' 2/2/19 se diva dhAta ke karaNa ko karma aura karaNasaMjJA kyoM kareM ? ataH sArvatrika aisI karma aura karaNa saMjJA ke vidhAna se aisA jJApana hotA hai ki karaNasaMjJAnimittaka tRtIyA kI taraha karmasaMjJAnimittaka dvitIyA ke prayogayukta akSAn dIvyati' prayoga bhI hotA hI hai, kintu sparddhA mAnakara parahetuka tRtIyA se usakA bAdha nahIM hogA / dvitIyA vibhakti karanA hI karmasaMjJA ke vidhAna kA mukhya phala hai| kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'pratikAryaM-' kI isa vyAkhyA ko svIkAra karate nahIM haiM / ve to itanA hI kahate haiM ki yahI vyAkhyA bRhavRttyanusAra nahIM hai / bhinna bhinna kArya ke uddezya se bhinna bhinna saMjJAe~ kI gaI haiM / ataH usI usI saMjJAnimittaka kArya hote haiM, aura yahI artha sarvasAmAnya hai / vahI artha bhinna bhinna saMjJAoM ke kArya se pratIta hotA hai aura uparyukta vyAkhyA kA svIkAra karane para bhI 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante ' kI prathama vyAkhyA meM jo dvitIyA, anyatra sAvakAza hai, usakA tRtIyA se bAdha hotA hai, vahI dUra nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa saba carcA kA tAtparya/niSkarSa yaha hai ki saMjJAoM meM svabhAva se hI bAdhyabAdhakabhAva nahIM hotA hai, vaha 'saMjJA na saMjJAntarabAdhikA' kA bhAvArtha hai| jaba saMjJAoM meM kArya dvArA paraspara virodha ho to bAdhyabAdhakabhAva rahatA hI hai, usI bAta kA 'pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya dvArA samarthana hI hai| 'pratikArya' 'saMjJA bhidyante' nyAya pANinIya paramparA ke kAryakAlaM saMjJAparibhASam' kA samAnArthaka hI hai, aura vaha cAndra, kAtaMtra va kAlApa paramparA ko chor3akara zAkATAyana tathA pANinIya paramparA ke sabhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM prApta hai|

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250 // 85 // sApekSamasamartham // 28 // anyapada kI apekSAyukta pada, dUsare pada ke sAtha, samAsa ityAdi vidhi ke lie samartha nahIM ho sakatA hai / nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) udA. 'Rddhasya rAjJaH puruSaH' yahA~ 'rAjan' zabda kA vizeSaNa 'Rddha' zabda hone se, zabda ke sAtha usakA samAsa nahIM hogA / 'puruSa' isa nyAya kA jJApana, aise prayoga meM samAsa ityAdi kA niSedha karane ke lie koI vizeSa sUtra kI racanA nahIM kI hai, usase hotA hai / 'samarthaH padavidhi:' 7/4/122 paribhASA kA, yaha nyAya, prapaMca hai / yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'devadattasya dAsabhAryA' ityAdi meM 'dAsa' zabda 'devadatta' kA vizeSaNa hone se sApekSa hone para bhI samAsa huA hai / ata: 'devadattasya yo dAsaH tasya bhAryA' 'devadatta ke naukara kI patnI' artha hogA / yahA~ aisA na kahanA cAhie ki agale nyAya se 'devadatta' pada se sApekSa 'dAsa' zabda ko 'bhAryA' zabda ke sAtha samAsa hogA, kyoMki 'dAsa' zabda kA kriyA dvArA 'devadatta' zabda ke sAtha sAmAnAdhikaraNya kA abhAva hone se, vaha apradhAna hogaa| jabaki agalA nyAya to, sApekSa ho kintu mukhya-pradhAna hone para hI, anyapada ke sAtha samAsa karatA hai / 'samarthaH padavidhi:' 7/4/122 sUtra pada sambandhita pratyeka vidhi 'samarthAzrita' arthAt 'samarthapadAzrita' jAnanA hai / 'sAmarthya' do prakAra ke haiM - 1. vyapekSA sAmarthya aura 2. ekArthIbhAva sAmarthya / 1. bhinna bhinna arthavAle padoM kA AkAMkSAvaza honevAlA sambandha 'vyapekSA sAmarthya' hai ' / 2. jaba padoM kA artha gauNa ho jAtA ho yA to usake artha kI nivRtti hokara anya pradhAna / mukhya artha kA grahaNa ho to do arthoM kA eka hI artha meM rUpAntarita honA yA anya artha kA pragaTa honA ekArthIbhAva sAmarthya kahA jAtA hai / isameM se vAkya meM 'vyapekSA sAmarthya' hotA hai aura samAsa meM 'ekArthIbhAva sAmarthya' hotA hai / 'samarthaH padavidhi:' 7/4/122 paribhASAsUtra kA artha itanA hI hai ki pada-sambandhita pratyeka kArya meM uparyukta do sAmarthyAM meM se eka sAmarthya to avazya hotA hI hai| yahA~ vyapekSA sAmarthyavAle samudAya (vAkya) meM sthita padoM ko bhI samAsAdi vidhi kI prApti hotI hai / udA. 'Rddhasya rAjJaH puruSaH, mahat kaSTaM zrita:' ina donoM pada samudAyoM meM paraspara vyapekSA sAmarthya hai / ataH ve samartha mAne jAte haiM aura yahI samarthatva dUra nahIM hone se samAsa hone kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai, usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / yaha nyAya aucityasiddha hone se jJApaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke 'yatnAntarAkaraNa' jJApaka ke prati ve aruci pradarzita karate haiM / siddhahema kI bRhadvRtti meM 'samAsa, nAmadhAtu, kRt, taddhita, upapadavibhakti, yuSmadasmadAdeza, plutavidhi' ko bhI 'padavidhi' kahI hai /

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.86) 251 isake atirikta zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya ko 'samarthaH padavidhiH' 7/4/122 paribhASA ke prapaMca ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki isa nyAya ko 'samarthaH padavidhiH' 7/4/122 ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra kA sambandha nahIM hai| sirpha jahA~ 'vyapekSA sAmarthya' hai vahA~ usake avayavagata padoM meM samAsa ke asAmarthya kA kevala bodha hI isa nyAya se hotA hai / ata: ina donoM ke viSaya bhinna bhinna haiN| saMkSepa meM yaha nyAya kevala itanA hI batAtA hai ki jahA~ vyapekSA sAmarthya ho vahA~ gamakatva kA abhAva hone se samAsa nahIM hotA hai / jabaki ekArthIbhAva sAmarthya ho vahA~ samAsa hotA hai / kvacit gamakatva ho to mukhya zabda vizeSaNayukta/vizeSaNasApekSa hone para bhI samAsa hotA hai- vahI bAta agale 'pradhAnasya tu sApekSatve'pi samAsaH' // 29 // nyAya se sUcita ho jAtI hai| yaha nyAya cAndra ko chor3akara anya kisI bhI paramparA meM prApta nahIM hai, zAyada 'samarthaH padavidhiH' 7/4/122 sUtra meM hI isakA samAveza ho jAtA hone se ise pRthak batAne kI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM huI hogI / jabaki agalA nyAya 'pradhAnyasya tu sApekSatve'pi samAsaH' nyAya jainendra jaise kucheka paribhASAsaMgraha meM prApta hai, ataH vahA~ bhI zAyada sUtra ke rUpa meM yA 'samarthaH padavidhiH' 7/ 4/122 sUtra kI vRtti meM isa nyAya ko batAyA hogaa| // 86 // pradhAnasya tu sApekSatve'pi samAsaH // 29 // pradhAna/mukhya zabda sApekSa ho, to bhI usakA samAsa hotA hai| jisakA kriyA ke sAtha sAmAnAdhikaraNya dvArA prayoga huA ho vaha pradhAna/mukhya mAnA jAtA hai| udA. 'rAjapuruSo'sti darzanIyaH 'ityAdi prayoga meM samAsa hone se pUrva kI sthiti meM 'puruSa' zabda kA, apane vizeSaNa 'darzanIyaH' zabda ke sAtha sApekSatva hone para bhI usakA 'rAjan' zabda ke sAtha tatpuruSa samAsa hogA / yahA~ puruSatva kA jo adhikaraNa hai, vahI 'asti' kriyA kA bhI adhikaraNa hai / ataH kriyA ke sAtha sAmAnAdhikaraNya se 'puruSa' zabda pradhAna hai| isa nyAya kA jJApana 'upameyaM vyAghrAdyaiH sAmyAnuktau' 3/1/102 sUtragata 'sAmyAnuktau' zabda se hotA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai :- yaha 'sAmyAnuktau' zabda 'puruSo vyAghraH zUraH' ityAdi prayoga meM samAsa kA niSedha karane ke lie rakhA hai| 'vyAghra' aura 'puruSa' zabda kA samAsa isa prakAra hotA hai - 'vyAghra iva vyAghraH' aura bAda meM 'puruSazcAsau vyAghrazca puruSavyAghraH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'upameyaM vyAghrAdyaiH sAmyAnuktau' 3/1/102 se karmadhAraya samAsa iSTa hai kintu 'vyAghratva' ke upacAra karane ke kAraNasvarUpa 'zUratva' kA upanyAsa kiyA jAyegA taba (usI zUratva kA upanyAsa isa prakAra hotA hai- 'zUraH puruSa ata eva zUratvena vyAghra iva vyAghraH') 'puruSo vyAghraH zUraH' meM 'puruSa' aura 'vyAghra' zabda kA samAsa iSTa nahIM hai| ataH usakI nivRtti karane ke lie samAsavidhAyaka sUtra meM 'sAmyAnukti' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai aura usakI vyAkhyA bhI isa prakAra kI hai ki yadi sAmya batAnevAle zabda kA upanyAsa na kiyA ho to karmadhAraya samAsa hotA hai / jabaki yahA~ sAmya batAnevAle 'zUra' zabda kA

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252 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) prayoga kiyA hai, ataH samAsa nahIM hotA hai / yadi 'puruSa' zabda kA apane vizeSaNa 'zUra' zabda kI sApekSatA se hI asamartha hone se pUrvokta nyAya se hI yahA~ bhI samAsa ke abhAva kI siddhi ho jAtI to, usI samAsa ke abhAva ke lie 'sAmyAnukti' zabda kA grahaNa kyoM kiyA ? arthAt na karanA cAhie tathApi grahaNa kiyA hai, vaha batAtA hai ki, pUrvokta nyAya kA bAdhaka yaha nyAya hone se, isa nyAya se 'puruSa' zabda, 'zUra' zabda se sApekSa hone para bhI, pradhAna/pukhya hone se 'cyAna' zabda ke sAtha, aniSTa aisA samAsa ho hI jAyegA, aisI AzaMkA se hI 'sAmyAnukti' kahA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA/visaMvAditA pratIta nahIM hotI hai| yaha nyAya aura agalA nyAya 'taddhitIyo bhAvapratyayaH' - // 30 // nyAya bhI pUrvokta nyAya kA apavAda hai tathA ye donoM nyAya 'kiM hi vacanAna bhavati' nyAya ke prapaMca haiN| zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa nyAya kI anityatA kA nirdeza nahIM karate haiM, taduparAMta pUrvokta 'sApekSamasamartham' nyAya kI anityatA 'devadattasya dAsabhAryA' udAharaNa dekara batAyI hai / isa udAharaNa meM 'devadattasya dAsabhAryA' kA 'devadattasya dAsasya bhAryA' vigraha karane para 'dAsa' zabda sApekSa hone se asamartha hai tathApi samAsa kiyA hai / yahI udAharaNa isa nyAya kI anityatA batAnevAlA bana sakatA hai| isake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki kvacit apradhAna/gauNa bhI sApekSa hone para bhI, usakA samAsa hotA hai| udA. 'devadattasya dAsabhAryA', yahA~ 'devadattasya yo dAsaH tasya bhAryA' svarUpa pratIti meM 'dAsa' zabda apradhAna hone para bhI aura 'devadattasya' vizeSaNa se sApekSa hone para bhI, 'gamakatva' ke kAraNa samAsa hogaa| 'samarthaH padavidhiH' 7/4/122 kI bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki kvacit vizeSaNa ke yoga meM bhI yadi gamakatva ho to samAsa hotA hI hai / udA. devadattasya gurukula' 'yajJadattasya dAsabhAryA'ataH anyatra kahA hai ki - "sambandhizabdaH sApekSo, nityaM sarvaH pravartate / svArthavat sA vyapekSA hi, vRttAvapi na hIyate // " saMkSepa meM, jahA~ vRtti arthAt samAsa meM sambandha kI hAni na hotI ho to, vahA~ sApekSatva hone para bhI apradhAna kA bhI samAsa hotA hai| 'samarthaH padavidhiH' 7/4/122 sUtra se samarthatva ho vahA~ hI 'padavidhi' hotI hai aisA kahA aura pUrvokta nyAya se sAmAnyatayA jo sApekSa hai vaha asamartha mAnA jAtA hai, tathApi 'rAjapuruSo'sti darzanIyaH' ityAdi prayoga meM sApekSatva hone para bhI samAsa hotA hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie usake sAdhutva ke lie, yaha nyAya kahA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne unakI 'taraMga' TIkA meM sApekSatva kI vistRta vicAraNA kI hai| kucheka sthAna para pradhAna sApekSa ho, vaise sAmAsika zabda bhI pAye jAte haiM aura apradhAna/gauNa sApekSa ho, vaise bhI samAsa pAye jAte haiM / ataH prazna hotA hai ki kisa prakAra kA sApekSatva samAsa ke lie ucita mAnA jAya ? isa prazna ke bAra meM unhoMne mahAbhASyAdi granthoM ke AdhAra para vizeSa rUpa se

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 87) 253 carcA kI hai / isake sambandha meM zabdanityavAdI aura zabdAnityavAdI pakSoM ke mata kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai / isake saMdarbha meM hI jahatsvArthA tathA ajahatsvArthA vRttiyoM kA samAsa meM kaise viniyoga hotA hai, usake bAre meM vividha dRSTibiMdu/abhiprAya prastuta kiye gaye haiM / anta meM jahatsvArthA pakSa kA samarthana karate hue AcAryazrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa viSaya kA upasaMhAra karate hue kahA hai ki jijJAsuoM ko vizeSa vistAra ke lie Akara granthoM kA avalokana karanA cAhie / prastuta nyAya ke sandarbha meM yaha carcA pratyakSa rUpa se upakAraka na hone se jijJAsuoM ko zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI vRtti/TIkA dekha lene kI vinaMti karate haiN| // 87 // taddhitIyo bhAvapratyayaH sApekSAdapi // 30 // taddhita sambandhita bhAvapratyaya, sApekSa zabda se bhI hotA hai| udA. 'kAkasya kRSNasya bhAvaH, kAkasya kAryam' ityAdi prayoga meM 'kAka' zabda se sApekSa aise 'kRSNa' zabda se bhI 'patirAjAntaguNAGgarAjAdibhyaH karmaNi ca' 7/1/60 se TyaN pratyaya hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'puruSahRdayAdasamAse' 7/1/70 sUtragata 'asamAse' zabda hai| isI sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hai :- samAsa kA viSaya na ho to 'puruSa' aura 'hRdaya' zabda se bhAva aura karma meM 'aN, tva' aura 'tal' pratyaya hote haiM / udA. 'puruSasya bhAvaH karma vA pauruSam, puruSatvaM, purusstaa'| yadi samAsa honevAlA ho to 'bhAve tvatala' 7/1/55 se sirpha 'tva' aura 'tala' pratyaya hI hote haiM kintu 'aN' pratyaya nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'paramasya puruSasya bhAvaH paramapuruSatvam, paramapuruSatA / yahA~ 'aN' hokara 'paramapauruSam' prayoga nahIM hogaa| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to samAsaviSayaka 'puruSa' zabda ko 'parama' zabda kI apekSA hone se 'sApekSamasamartham' nyAya se hI asamartha hone se 'aN' hone kI prApti hI nahIM hai to, 'aN' kA abhAva karane ke lie 'asamAse' kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA ? tathApi 'asamAse' kahA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki 'sApekSamasamartham' nyAya kA bAdhaka yaha nyAya hone se, sApekSa zabda se bhI taddhitIya bhAvapratyaya hone kI pUrNataH saMbhAvanA hai| isa nyAya kI agrAhyatA/anityatA nahIM hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa nyAya kI sindhu TIkA meM 'yattu "guNe zuklAdayaH puMsi guNiliGgAstu tadvati".....siddhiH sambhAvyate' kahakara kisI kA mata batAyA hai kintu yahI uddharaNa kisakA hai aura kahA~ se liyA hai, vaha batAyA nahIM hai / hAlA~ki yaha bAta zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM pUrvapakSa svarUpa meM hai / usakA bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai : 'guNe zuklAdayaH, puMsi guNiliGgAstu tadvati' liGgAnuzAsana kI paMktyanusAra, 'guNa' aura 'guNi' meM abhedopacAra karane se yA 'guNavAci' zabdoM se matvarthIya pratyaya kA lopa huA hai aisA mAna lene se yA 'zukla' ityAdi zabdoM kA guNaparatva aura guNiparatva sarvasaMmata hone se guNavAcaka 'kRSNa' zabda se bhAva meM 'TyaNa' pratyaya karake 'kAryam' siddha karake bAda meM usakA 'kAka' ke sAtha sambandha karane se, isa prayoga kI siddhi ho sakatI hai aura aisA karane para isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM rahatI hai kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa bAta

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254 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM aura isa prakAra siddhi ho sakatI hai yA nahIM ? aisI zaMkA uThAkara, usI zaMkA kA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne diye hue samAdhAna kA bhI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yahA~ 'kRSNa' zabda kauna-sA lenA ? guNavAci yA guNAGgavAci ? yadi 'kRSNa' zabda varNavAcaka arthAt guNavAcaka leMge to 'TyaNa' nahIM hogA kyoMki vahI 'TyaNa' to guNAGgavAci zabda se hotA hai| kintu yahI samAdhAna sahI nahIM hai kyoMki kevala varNavAcaka 'kRSNa' zabda se bhI bhAva meM 'varNadRDhAdibhyaH'- 7/1/59 se TyaNa hotA hai / vastuta: 'varNadRDhAdibhyaH'-7/1/59 se honevAle 'TyaNa' se niSpanna kAryam' aura patirAjAntaguNAGga'-7/1/60 se 'TyaNa' hokara bane 'kAryam donoM meM bahuta antara hai / prathama 'kAryam' zabda meM 'varNadRDhAdibhyaH'-7/1/59 se huA 'TyaNa', 'kRSNa' rUpa guNa meM rahI huI 'kRSNatva' jAti kA hI abhidhAna karatA hai, ataH usakA kAka ke sAtha sambandha nahIM ho sakatA hai, ata eva 'kAkasya kAryam' prayoga nahIM ho sakegA / jabaki 'kAkasya kRSNasya bhAvaH kAkasya kAryam' prayoga meM 'kRSNa' zabda guNAGgavAci hI hai, ata: bhAvapratyaya dvArA guNa kA abhidhAna hone se pUrva 'kAkasya kRSNasya bhAvaH' meM samAnAdhikaraNyamUlaka SaSThI vibhakti hai, aisA jAna lenA, jabaki bhAvapratyaya hone ke bAda SaSThI 'kAkasya kAryam' meM sambandhamUlaka SaSThI hotI hai, aisA jAna lenA, aura aisA karane se 'kRSNa' zabda meM sApekSatva rahatA hI hai / ataH isa nyAya kI pravRtti binA bhAva meM pratyaya karanA asaMbhavita hai| isa prakAra yahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai| yaha nyAya bhI anya kisI bhI paramparA meM prApta nahIM hai| // 88 // gatikArakaGasyuktAnAM vibhaktyantAnAmeva kRdantairvibhaktyutpatteH prAgeva samAsaH // 31 // vibhakti jisake anta meM hai vaise gatisaMjJaka nAma, kAraka ho vaise zabda aura kRdanta ke sUtra meM jo nAma Gasi arthAt upalakSaNa se paMcamI vibhakti ke tInoM pratyayoM se ukta ho vaise sabhI vibhaktyanta nAma kA jaba kRdanta ke sAtha samAsa hotA hai taba usI (uttarapada svarUpa) kRdanta se vibhakti hone se pahale hI samAsa ho jAtA hai aura usI samAsa se hI vibhakti hotI hai| yadyapi 'nAma nAmnaikArthye samAso bahulam' 3/1/18 meM kahA hai ki 'nAma' ko 'nAma' ke sAtha samAsa hotA hai arthAt vibhaktyanta nAma ko hI vibhaktyanta nAma ke sAtha samAsa hotA hai aisA spaSTa kahA nahIM hai, tathApi, 'aikAyeM ' 3/2/8 se samAsAntarvati vibhakti kA lopa hotA hai, usase jJApita hotA hai ki vibhaktyanta kA hI, vibhaktyanta ke sAtha hI samAsa hotA hai / ataH donoM padoM ko vibhaktyantatva kI prApti hone se, kRdanta svarUpa uttarapada ke avibhaktyantatva kA niyama karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.88) 255 usameM 'gati' saMjJaka aura kRdanta kA samAsa isa prakAra hotA hai :- "vikirati pakSau iti strI cet viSkarI' ityAdi prayoga meM kevala pakSI artha kI apekSA hone se, antaraMga kAryasvarUpa ssaT' vau viSkiro vA ' 4/4/96 se prathama hogA, bAda meM 'viskira' sthiti meM 'UryAdyanukaraNa'- 3/1/ 2 se jisakI 'gati' saMjJA huI hai, usI 'vi' kA jisake anta meM 'nAmyupAntyaprIkRgRjJaH kaH' 5/1/ 54 se 'ka' pratyaya AyA, usI 'skira' ke sAtha 'gatikvanyastatpuruSaH' 3/1/42 se tatpuruSa samAsa hogA aura anta meM 'asoGasivUsahassaTAm'2/3/48 se 'ssaT' ke 'sa' kA 'Sa' hogA / arthAt 'viSkiraH pakSI' hogaa| bAda meM strItva kI vivakSA meM, akArAnta hone se 'jAterayAntanityastrIzUdrAt' 2/4/54 se 'DI' pratyaya hokara 'viSkirI' zabda hogA / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to vibhaktyanta 'skira' kRdanta ke sAtha hI 'vi' kA samAsa hogA, taba karma ityAdi zakti tathA saMkhyA ityAdi kI apekSA se bahiraGga aisI vibhakti kI utpatti ke pahale hI kevala strItva kI vivakSA kI apekSA se, antaraGga kAryasvarUpa Ap pratyaya pahale hI hogA aura 'skira' ke sthAna meM 'skirA' ke sAtha samAsa hone para akArAntatva rahita 'viSkirA' zabda hogA, ataH 'GI' nahIM hogaa| kAraka aura kRdanta kA samAsa isa prakAra hotA hai / udA: 'carmaNA krIyate sma carmakrItI' ityAdi prayoga meM 'carman TA krIta' sthiti meM 'carman' zabda kAraka hai aura tRtIyA vibhaktyanta hai / usakA 'kta' pratyayAnta 'krIta' kRdanta ke sAtha, 'kArakaM kRtA' 3/1/68 se tatpuruSa samAsa hogA, bAda meM 'krItAtkaraNAdeH' 2/4/44 se akArAnta 'krIta' zabda jisake anta meM hai, vaise 'karaNAdi' zabda se 'GI' pratyaya hogaa| __ yadi vibhaktyanta 'krIta' zabda ke sAtha 'carman +TA' kA samAsa hogA to, Upara batAyA usI taraha yahA~ bhI Apa antaraGga hone se vibhakti kI utpatti se pUrva hI Ap pratyaya hotA to akArAntatva ke abhAva meM 'kI' pratyaya nahIM hogA / pUrvapada to vibhaktyanta hI hotA hai| ataH 'carman' pada hogA aura usake 'n' kA 'nAmno no'nahnaH 2/1/91 se lopa hogaa| 'Gasyukta' aura 'kRdanta' kA samAsa isa prakAra hotA hai| kRtpratyaya vidhAyaka sUtra meM 'Gasi' arthAt ekadeza kA samudAya meM upacAra karane para, saMpUrNa paMcamI vibhakti dvArA aura 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 paribhASA se anta kA vyapadeza karane para paMcamI vibhakti kA pratyaya jisake anta meM hai, aise zabda se ukta, vibhaktyanta zabdoM ko vibhakti rahita kRdanta ke sAtha samAsa hotA hai| usameM Gasi dvArA ukta isa prakAra hai :- 'kacchaM pibati iti kacchapI' prayoga meM 'kaccha am pa' svarUpa sthiti meM 'nAmno gamaH khaDDau ca vihAyasastu vihaH' 5/1/131 sUtra se adhikRta jo 'nAmno' pada hai usakI anuvRtti 'sthApAsnAtraH kaH' 5/1/142 meM AtI hai| ata: usI 'nAmnaH' pada se ukta kisI bhI 'nAma' hai, usase para Aye hue 'sthA, pA, snA, trA' dhAtu se ka pratyaya hotA hai / ata: 'ka' pratyayAnta pa ke sAtha Gasi dvArA ukta 'nAmnaH' pada se jo bhI zabda liyA jAyegA usakA samAsa hogA aura yahI zabda 1. 'gati' saMjJaka zabdoM ko avyaya saMjJA hotI hai aura 'avyaya' saMjJAvAle zabdoM ke pratyeka syAdi pratyaya kA lopa' 'avyayasya' 3/2/7 se hotA hai / ata: 'gati' saMAka pratyeka zabda vibhaktyanta kahalAtA hai /

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256 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) vibhaktyanta honA cAhie kintu usakA jisake sAtha samAsa hotA hai vaha vibhaktyanta na honA caahie| ataH kaccha am kA vibhakti rahita ka pratyayAnta 'pa' ke sAtha ' GasyuktaM kRtA' 3/1/49 se samAsa hogA aura kacchapa' zabda banegA / usase strIliMga meM 'jAterayAnta- 2/4/54 se GI pratyaya hone para, 'asya yAM luk' 2/4/86 se 'a' kA lopa hokara 'kacchapI' zabda bnegaa| yadi vibhaktyanta 'pa' ke sAtha 'kaccha am' kA samAsa hotA to, vibhakti hone se pUrva 'pa' se Apa hotA aura Ap pratyaya hone se akArAntatva ke abhAva meM GI nahIM hogaa| paMcamI ke 'bhyas' pratyaya se ukta bhI 'uparyukta yukti dvArA' 'Gasyukta' hI kahalAtA hai / 'viSaM dharati iti viSadharI' ityAdi prayoga meM 'viSa am dhara' sthiti meM AyudhAdibhyo' dhRgo'daNDAdeH' 5/ 1/94 se paMcamI bahuvacana ke 'bhyas' pratyayAnta 'AyudhAdibhyo' zabda se 'viSa' zabda ukta hai, tathApi vaha 'Gasyukta' hI kahA jAtA hai / ataH 'viSa am' ko 'ac' pratyayAnta 'dhara' zabda ke sAtha 'isyuktaM kRtA' 3/1/49 se samAsa hogA bAda meM strItva kI vivakSA meM 'jAterayAnta'- 2/4/54 se 'DI' pratyaya hogA / yadi vibhaktyanta 'dhara' zabda ke sAtha 'viSa am' kA samAsa hotA to Upara batAyA usI taraha yahA~ 'Apa' pratyaya hotA aura 'dhara' ke adantatva ke nAza se 'DI' pratyaya nahIM hotaa| isa nyAya ke kAraka aMza meM jJApaka, 'krItAtkaraNAdeH' 2/4/44 sUtragata akArAnta 'krIta' zabda hai / vaha isa prakAra hai :- yahA~ 'krItAtkaraNAdeH' 2/4/44 meM 'karaNAdeH krItAt' kahA hai aura karaNa kA Adi avayavatva, samAsa ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai / saMkSepa meM karaNarUpa zabda jisa samAsa ke Adi meM hai aise akArAnta 'krIta' zabdAnta samAsa se 'DI' pratyaya hotA hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to sAmAnyatayA vibhaktyanta ko vibhatyanta ke sAtha hI samAsa hotA hai / ataH yadi vibhaktyanta 'krIta' zabda ke sAtha 'karaNa kAraka' svarUpa zabda kA 'kArakaM kRtA' 3/1/68 se samAsa hotA to 'krIta' zabda ke adantatva kA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki Ap pratyaya antaraGga kArya hone se, vibhakti ke pUrva hI vaha hotA hai, tathApi yahA~ 'krIta' zabda ke adantatva ko grahaNa kiyA hai, vaha jJApana karatA hai ki kAraka ko avibhaktyanta kRdanta ke sAtha hI samAsa hotA hai| isa nyAya ke 'gati' aura 'Gasyukta' aMza kA jJApana 'viSkirI, kacchapI' ityAdi prayoga meM 'DI' ke bAdhaka/ pratibandhaka 'Apa' pratyaya kA niSedha karane ke lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA hai, usase hotA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai :- 'viSkirI, kacchapI' ityAdi prayoga meM AcAryazrI ko 'DI' hI iSTa hai aura vaha taba hI hotA hai ki jaba 'Apa' dvArA zabda ke adantatva kA vighAta na hotA ho| yadi AcAryazrI ko uttarapada kA vibhaktyantatva hI iSTa hotA to vaha vibhakti kA bAdha karake 'Apa' pratyaya hI hone se uttarapada ke adantatva kA vyAghAta karegA hii| tathApi 'Apa' kA niSedha karane ke lie koI prayatna nahI kiyA hai, usase jJApita hotA hai ki isa nyAya se kRdantasvarUpa uttarapada ke avibhaktyantatva kA niyama hone se, vibhakti karate samaya honevAle, 'Apa' pratyaya kA niSedha ho hI gayA hai| ata: 'viSkirI, kacchapI' ityAdi zabdoM meM 'Apa' dvArA adantatva kA vyAghAta bhI nahIM hogA aura 'GI' pratyaya niHsaMkoca hogA hI / isa nyAya kI anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 89 ) 257 pUrva nyAya meM batAyA hai usI taraha yahA~ bhI 'gati' aura 'Gasyukta' aMza meM Upara batAye hue prayoga meM 'Apa' kA niSedha karane ke lie koI prayatna nahIM kiyA hai, vaha (yatnAntarAkaraNam ) jJApaka bana nahIM sakatA hai / vastutaH vibhakti kI utpatti kA kAraNa kAraka, saMkhyA ityAdi kI upasthiti hI hai / jAtidravya - liGga - saGkhyA aura kAraka rUpa padArthoM kI upasthiti kramika hI hotI hai / ataH vibhaktyutpatti se pUrva liGga kI upasthiti ke nimittasvarUpa ' Ap' yahA~ prathama honA cAhie arthAt pUrvopasthiti ke nimittatva ke kAraNa vibhakti - utpatti kI apekSA se liGganimittaka 'Ap' kI utpatti antaraGga hai / ataH kahIM bhI akArAnta zabda prApta nahIM hogA to akArAnta 'krIta' zabda se honevAlA 'GI' pratyaya niravakAza hI hogA / ataH vaha akArAnta nirdeza vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai ki vibhaktyanta kArakoM ko kRdanta ke sAtha vibhakti kI utpatti se pUrva hI samAsa ho jAtA hai aura ' ekadezAnumatyA saMpUrNasya' nyAya se, use saMpUrNa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnanA cAhie / isa nyAya ko bRhadvRtti meM jJApakasiddha nahIM kahA hai kintu iSTitvasvarUpa kahA hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'GasyuktaM kRtA' 3/1/49 kI bRhadvRtti meM kathita 'iha gatikArakaGasyuktAnAM vibhaktyantAnAmeva......samAsa iSyate' zabdoM ke AdhAra para kahate hai / ataH isa nyAya ko jJApakasiddha na kahakara AcAryazrI ke vacanasvarUpa hI mAnanA cAhie / isakA Azaya kevala itanA hI hai ki 'gati' aura 'Gasyukta' aMza meM jJApaka nahIM hai, ataH kevala kAraka aMza meM hI jJApaka kA upanyAsa karanA isase acchA hai ki pUrNa nyAya ko vacanasvarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAya aura usake lie 'iSyate ' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / tathA 'sA hi dhanakrItA, prANebhyo'pi garIyasI / ' jaise udAharaNa ke lie kucheka isa nyAya ko anitya mAnate haiM aura kahate haiM ki yahA~ 'krIta' se samAsa hone se pUrva hI vibhakti hone se usase pUrva strItvanimittaka 'Ap' ho gayA hai| jabaki 'krItAtkaraNAdeH' 2/4/44 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM kahA hI ki 'dhanaM ca sA krItA ca dhanakrItA' svarUpa karmadhAraya samAsa hotA hai aura yadi 'dhanena krItA dhanakrItA' samAsa kiyA jAya to vaha apaprayoga hai athavA anya ke mata se 'dhanena krItA dhanakrItA' meM Ap pratyayAnta ke sAtha bhI samAsa hotA hai aura 'bahulAdhikAra' se vaisA ho sakatA hai aura samAsa hone ke bAda akArAntatva nahIM hone se, GI nahIM hotA hai / yaha nyAya zAkaTAyana, cAndra, kAtaMtra aura kAlApa paramparA ko chor3akara anya sabhI paribhASA saMgraha meM upalabdha hai / // 89 // samAsataddhitAnAM vRttirvikalpena vRttiviSaye ca nityaivApavAdavRttiH // 32 // samAsa aura taddhita kI vRtti vikalpa se hotI hai aura vRtti ke pakSa meM viSaya meM apavAda kI pravRtti nitya hotI hai arthAt utsarga svarUpa vRtti kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai para artha ko kahanevAlI 'vRtti' kahI jAtI hai| vaha tIna prakAra kI hai 1. samAsavRtti, 2. taddhitAntavRtti 3. nAmadhAtuvRtti / udA. 'rAjJaH puruSa rAjapuruSaH, upagorapatyaM aupagavaH, putramicchati 1

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258 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) iti putrakAmyati / ' isameM se samAsa meM usake avayava ke rUpa meM do yA do se adhika pada rahate haiM jabaki anya do vRttiyoM meM unake avayavoM ke rUpoM meM prakRti aura pratyaya hote haiM / isa prakAra samAsa meM bhinnapada aura zeSa do vRtti meM prakRti aura pratyaya saMyukta hokara, samudAya ke artha ko kahate haiM aura isa prakAra para artha arthAt samudAya ke avayava apane artha ko chor3akara jo kahate haiM, use vRtti kahI jAtI hai| usameM jaba, vAkya dvArA jisakA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai, usake lie jaba vRtti kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai taba 'yena nAprApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasyaiva bAdhako bhavati' nyAya se, vahI vRtti usI vAkya kI bAdhaka banatI hai arthAt vRtti hotI ho to vRtti hI karanI par3atI hai kintu usake vigrahavAkya kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / usI bAdha ko rokakara usI vigrahavAkya kA bhI vikalpa se prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai aura jaba utsarga aura apavAdasvarUpa donoM vRtti kI saMbhAvanA ho taba hamezAM apavAda hI hotA hai kintu utsarga kadApi nahIM hotA hai arthAt vRtti ke pakSa meM utsarga kA apavAda se hamezAM bAdha hotA hai aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai| ___ 'samAsavRtti' isa prakAra hai / 'kAyasya pUrvo'zaH pUrvakAyaH / ' yahA~ 'pUrvAparAdharottara'-3/1/ 52 se 'pUrvakAyaH' svarUpa aMzitatpuruSa samAsa aura 'kAyasya pUrvo'zaH' isa prakAra vAkya bhI hotA hai| kintu 'SaThyayatnAccheSe' 3/1/76 se autsargika 'kAyapUrvaH' svarUpa SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa nahIM hogaa| isa nyAya ke AdyAMza kA jJApana 'nityaM pratinA'lpe' 3/1/37 sUtragata 'nityaM' zabda se hotA hai / yahI 'nityaM' zabda isa nyAya se prApta vAkyasvarUpa vikalpa kA niSedha karane ke lie hai / ataH yahA~ 'zAkasyAlpatvaM zAkaprati' meM 'zAkaprati' samAsa hI hogA kintu vAkya nahIM hogA, ata eva vAkya meM 'prati' zabda kA prayoga nahIM hogaa| aura isa nyAya ke dvitIya aMza 'vRttiviSaye nityaivApavAdavRttiH' kA jJApana 'pAremadhye'gre'ntaH SaSThyA vA' 3/1/30 sUtragata 'vA' zabda se hotA hai / vahI 'vA' svarUpa vikalpa ke grahaNa se jaba 'pAremadhye-'3/1/30 se 'pAregaGgam' nahIM hogA, taba, isa nyAya se niSiddha 'SaSThyayatnAccheSe' 3/1/ 76 se honevAlA autsargika 'gaGgApAram' aisA SaSThItatpuruSa hogA aura 'gaGgAyAH pAram' svarUpa vAkya bhI isI nyAya ke prathama aMza se hogA arthAt isI samAsa ke tIna rUpa hoMge / 1. pAregaGgam 2. gaGgApAram aura 3. gaGgAyAH pAram / yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to, anukrama se hI utsarga aura apavAda kI pravRtti ho sakatI aura SaSThI samAsa bhI hotA / to usake lie 'vA' grahaNa kyoMkiyA ? kintu vahI 'vA' grahaNa isa nyAyAMza kI zaMkA se hI kiyA hai / ataH 'vA' grahaNa isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana karatA hai| taddhitavRtti isa prakAra hai :- 'gargasyApatyaM vRddhaM gArgyaH' yahA~ 'gargAdeH'- 6/1/42 se 'yaJ' pratyaya aura vAkya hogA, kintu 'ataH iJ'6/1/31 se honevAlA autsargika iJ' pratyaya nahIM hogA aura 'gArgi' rUpa nahIM hogA / yahI taddhitavRtti vikalpa se hotI hai, isakA jJApana 'nityaM ajino'N' 7/3/58 ke 'nityaM'

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra.89) 259 zabda se hotA hai / yaha 'nityaM' zabda isa nyAya se prApta vikalpa kA niSedha karane ke lie hai / ataH 'kriyAvyatihAra' ho to 'vyavakrozanaM' artha meM strIliGga kI vivakSA meM 'vi+ava+kroza' dhAtu se 'vyatihAre'nIhAdibhyo JaH' 5/3/116 se 'ba' pratyaya hone para svArtha meM 'nityaM ajino'N' 7/3/ 58 se 'aN' pratyaya hogA aura strIliGga meM GI pratyaya hokara 'vyAvakrozI' zabda bnegaa| ___ yahA~ kevala 'a' pratyayAnta 'vyavakroza' zabda kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai, kintu 'aNa' sahita hI prayoga hotA hai arthAt 'prajJa eva prAjJaH' ityAdi meM 'prajJAdibhyo'N' 7/2/165 se honevAle svArthika 'aN' pratyayAnta zabda kI vRtti meM vikalpa se vAkya bhI hotA hai kintu yahA~ usI taraha 'vyavakroza' prayoga na hone se 'vyavakrozA eva vyAvakrozI' svarUpa vigrahavAkya nahIM hotA hai| 'taddhitavRttiviSaye nityaivApavAdavRttiH' rUpa dvitIya aMza meM 'vodazvitaH' 6/2/144 sUtragata 'vA' zabda jJApaka hai aura yahI 'vA' zabda autsargika 'aNa' pratyaya karane ke lie hai| ataH 'audazvitkam' meM 'ikaN' pratyaya hogA aura audazvitam' meM isa nyAya se niSiddha hone para bhI 'vA' grahaNa ke sAmarthya se 'saMskRte bhakSye' 6/2/140 se autsargika 'aN' pratyaya hogA aura prathama nyAyAMza ke bala se 'udazviti saMskRtam' svarUpa vAkya bhI hogA aura tIna rUpa hoNge| yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to anukrama se utsarga aura apavAda donoM kI pravRtti hotI, aura pakSa meM autsargika 'aN' bhI siddha ho hI jAtA / usake lie 'vA' grahaNa kI koI AvazyakatA na thI, tathApi 'vA' grahaNa kiyA, vaha isa nyAyAMza kA jJApana karatA hai| samAsavRtti aura taddhitavRtti kI vyavasthA kA kevala anuvAdasvarUpa yaha nyAya hai| isa nyAya se anya koI naI vyavasthA nahIM hotI hai / isa nyAya ke sAdhya kI siddhi usI usI sUtra dvArA hI ho jAtI hai / udA. 'nityaM pratinA-' 3/1/37 sUtra meM 'nityaM' zabda rakhA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki aise nitya samAsa ko chor3akara anya samAsa meM vAkya bhI hotA hai| 'pAremadhye'- 3/1/30 sUtragata 'vA' zabda se aisA jJApana hotA hai ki aise sUtra ko chor3akara anyatra sarvatra apavAda samAsa ke viSaya meM utsarga samAsa nahIM hotA hai aura aise sthAna para apavAda ke sAtha sAtha utsarga samAsa bhI hotA hai| aura 'vA''dyAt' 6/1/11 sUtra se zurU se honevAlA 'vA' kA adhikAra, jJApana karatA hai ki 'taddhitavRtti' meM sarvatra hI vAkya bhI hotA hai| ___ 'vodazvita:' 6/2/144 sUtragata 'vA' grahaNa se, aise prayogoM ko chor3akara apavAdataddhita pratyaya ke viSaya meM, autsargika taddhita pratyaya nahIM hotA hai aura aise sthAna para apavAdataddhita pratyaya kI taraha utsargataddhita pratyaya bhI hotA hai, aisA jJApana hotA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA nahIM hai kyoMki vyAkaraNa ke sUtra se siddha hue kArya meM anityatA kA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| yahA~ vRtti ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM kintu usake cAra aura pA~ca prakAra bhI hai / cAra prakAra meM uparyukta tIna prakAra ke atirikta 'kRdvatti' bhI hai aura pA~ca prakAra meM kvacit 'ekazeSavRtti' ko batAyA jAtA hai| siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM AcAryazrI ne svayaM vRtti kA traividhya, cAturvidhya aura paMcavidhya

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260 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) bhI batAyA hai / unhoMne 'vRttyanto'saSe 1/1/25 kI bRhadvRtti ke 'parArthAbhidhAnaM vRttiH tadvAMzca padasamudAyaH samAsAdiH' kI samajha dete hue nyAsa meM kahA hai ki yahA~ 'Adi' zabda se 'nAmadhAtu' aura 'taddhita' kA saMgraha karanA / isa prakAra unhoMne traividhya batAyA hai| . jabaki 'samarthaH padavidhiH' 7/4/122 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki 'samAsa-nAmadhAtukRt-taddhiteSu vAkye vyapekSA, vRttAvekArthIbhAvaH / ' ina zabdoM dvArA vRtti ke cAra prakAra unhoneM batAye haiM / hAlA~ki 'kadvRtti' kA 'samAsa' meM antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| ekazeSa' ke vRttitva ke lie zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa prakAra vicAra kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki 'ekazeSa' meM jo eka bacatA hai usase hI lupta hue pada kA abhidhAna hotA hai / aisA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ataH parArthAbhidhAna' svarUpa vRtti kA lakSaNa 'ekazeSa' meM bhI rahatA hI hai / isI kAraNa se bRhadvRtti meM 'samAnAnAmarthenaikaH zeSaH' 3/1/118 sUtra meM kahA hai ki 'dvndvaapvaadshcaaym'| ina zabdoM ke AdhAra para zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki zAstrakAra ne 'ekazeSa' meM samAsarUpavRtti ke apavAdasvarUpa vRttitva kA svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu dvandva bhI samAsa hI hai aura ekazeSa bhI samAsa hai / ataH dvandva samAsa ke apavAdasvarUpa ekazeSa meM vRttitva ho, isameM kucha nayA nahIM hai / ataH ekazeSa ko samAsa se pRthak vRtti na mAnanI cAhie, tathApi anya samAsa meM ubhaya pada dRzyamAna hote haiM, jabaki yahA~ kevala eka hI pada dRzyamAna hotA hai / ataH usakA vaiziSTya batAne ke lie 'ekazeSa' ko bhinna vRtti mAnI ho aisA lagatA hai| zrI bhaTTojI dIkSita ne 'kRt-taddhita-samAsaikazeSa' aura 'sanAdyanta' dhAtusvarUpa pA~ca prakAra kI vRtti batAyI hai / 'nAmadhAtu' ko 'sanAdyanta' dhAtu meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paribhASA saMgraha meM nyAya yA paribhASA ke svarUpa meM prApta nahIM hai, tathApi sarva vyAkaraNa paramparA meM isake anusAra vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| // 90 // ekazabdasyAsaGkhyAtvaM kvacit // 33 // 'eka' zabda meM kvacit saGkhyAtva nahIM hotA hai| 'eka' zabda kI saMkhyA ke rUpa meM prasiddhi hone se, usameM 'saGkhyAtva' hotA hI hai, aisI mAnyatA kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'ekam ahaH-ekAham / yahA~ isa samAsa meM 'eka' zabda hone para bhI use saMkhyA ke rUpa meM nahIM liyA gayA hai / ataH 'ahnaH' 7/3/116 se 'ekAhan' se aT samAsAnta hogA, 'no'padasya taddhite' 7/4/61 se antyasvarAdi kA lopa hogA aura 'ahaniryuhakalahAH' (liGga pu. 15/3) se puMstva prApta hone para bhI 'ahaHsudinekataH' (liGga na. 8/2) se honevAlI vizeSavidhi se napuMsakatva hone para 'ekAham' hogA / yadi 'eka' ko saMkhyA ke rUpa meM liyA jAya to 'sarvAMzasaGkhyA'vyayAt' 7/3/118 se 'ekAhan' se 'aT' samAsAnta hogA aura usI sUtra se 'ahan' kA 'ahna' Adeza hokara 'arddhasudarzanadevanamahnA' (liGga. pu.11/1) se puMstva prApta hone para 'ekAhna' aisA aniSTa rUpa hogA / en Education International

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 90 ) 261 isa nyAya kA jJApana 'saGkhyAtaikapuNyavarSAdIrghAcca rAtrerat' 7/3/119 meM rahe 'eka' zabda hotA hai / yahA~ isa sUtra meM 'ca' kAra se pUrva ke 'sarvAMzasaGkhyA'vyayAt' 7 / 3 / 118 sUtra se 'saGkhyA' zabda kI anuvRtti hotI hai, aura 'eka' zabda bhI saMkhyAvAcaka hI hai, to usakA bhI grahaNa 'saMkhyA' zabda se ho sakatA hai tathApi usakA yahA~ pRthaggrahaNa kiyA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki 'eka' zabda ko kvacit saGkhyAvAcaka nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| ataH jaba usameM 'saGkhyAtva' nahIM hogA taba bhI isI 'saGkhyAtaika -" 7/3/ 119 se 'eka' zabda jisake Adi meM hai vaise 'rAtri' antavAle' arthAt 'ekarAtri' zabda se bhI 'at' samAsAnta hogA / 'kvacit' kahane se kucheka sthAna para hI eka zabda kA asaGkhyAtva hai, zeSa sthAna para prAyaH vaha saGkhyAvAcaka hI hai / ataH 'ekadhA' ityAdi prayoga meM 'saGkhyAyA dhA' 7/2/104 se dhA pratyaya hogA / isa nyAya kA svarUpa hI anitya hone se usakI anityatA nahIM hai / yaha nyAya anya kisI paribhASAsaMgraha meM upalabdha nahIM hai / yaha nyAya lokavyavahAra siddha hI hai kyoMki 'eka' zabda ke vividha artha kozakAra ne bhI diye haiN| vaha isa prakAra hai 'eko'nyArthe pradhAne ca, prathame kevale tathA / : sAdhAraNe samAne'lpe saGkhyAyAM ca nigadyate // 'ekazabdasya prasiddhistAvat saGkhyAtvasyaiva' aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne kahA, vahI 'prasiddhi' zabda se hI kucha jJAta ho jAtA hai| aura 'ekagurukaH, ekAdhikaraNa, eka AcAryAH' ityAdi prayogoM meM vaha saMkhyA artha se bhinna artha meM prayukta hai, vaha lokaprasiddha hI hai aura anya vaiyAkaraNa isa nyAya kA Azraya nahIM karate haiM kintu 'ekAha' zabda kI siddhi karane ke lie usameM 'ahna' Adeza na ho isake lie, 'ahna' Adeza kA niSedha karanevAle sUtra meM hI 'eka' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai | udA. uttamaikAbhyAM ca ' (pA.sU. 5/4/90 ) / unake mata se 'ekAha' zabda pulliGga hai / jabaki siddhahema meM liGgAnuzAsanAnusAra vaha napuMsakaliGga hai| zabda ke liGga ke lie vaiyAkaraNa ke vacana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki mahAbhASya meM kahA hai ki 'liGgamaziSyaM lokAzrayatvAt liGgasya' / ataH zabda ke liGga ke lie lokavyavahAra ko hI prAdhAnya denA / isa nyAya ko nyAya ke svarUpa meM svIkAra karanA nahIM cAhie, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM kyoMki 'ekAha' zabda kI siddhi ke lie hI isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA hai / yahA~ 'sarvAMzasaGkhyA'vyayAt ' 7/3/118 sUtra se 'ekAha' me 'ahan' kA ahna Adeza hone kI prApti hai kintu usake bAda Aye hue 'saGkhyAtaikapuNya' - 7/3/ 119 meM pUrvasUtra se 'saGkhyA' zabda kI anuvRtti AtI hone para bhI 'eka' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai| usase yaha siddha hotA hai ki pUrvasUtra meM 'saGkhyA' zabda se 'eka' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai aura bRhadvRtti meM bhI kahA hai ki 'ekagrahaNaM saGkhyAgrahaNenAnenaikasyAgrahaNArtham tena pUrvasUtre saGkhyAgrahaNena ekasyAgrahaNam - ekamahaH ekAham' ina zabdoM ke AdhAra para zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki ina zabdoM dvArA zrIhemacandrasUrijI 'eka' zabda kA vizeSa artha hI batAnA cAhate haiM kintu sAmAnya aise isa nyAya kA jJApana karanA nahIM cAhate haiM /

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1 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) isake bAre meM itanA hI kahanA hai ki prathama vakSaskAra/vibhAga ke 57 nyAyoM ko chor3akara isI dvitIya khaMDa ke 65 nyAya aura tRtIya khaMDa ke 18 nyAya zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bRhadvRtti - laghunyAsa ityAdi meM se cayana kiye hue haiM / ataH ina nyAyoM kA spaSTa ullekha zAyada bRhadvRtti yA bRhanyAsa ityAdi meM bhI na pAyA jAtA ho / ataH isa jJApaka se itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki vyAkaraNazAstra meM bhI lokaprasiddha 'eka' zabda ke anya vividha artho kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / yaha nyAya bhI anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM nahIM hai / // 91 // AdazabhyaH saGkhyA saGkhyeye vartate, na saGkhyAne // 34 // 'dazan ' paryanta saGkhyA, saGkhyeya ke rUpa meM hotI hai, kintu saMkhyAna ke rUpa meM mAnI jAtI nahIM hai / 262 yahA~ 'AdazabhyaH' zabda se kevala 'dazan' taka nahIM kintu 'aSTAdaza' taka kI saMkhyA lenA kyoMki 'dazan' zabda kA prayoga 'aSTAdaza' taka hotA hai aura 'AdazabhyaH ' zabda kA artha 'dazan zabda prayogAvadhi' kiyA gayA hai / ataH 'aSTAdaza' paryanta kI saMkhyA, saMkhyeya arthAt vizeSya ke sAtha sAmAnAdhikaraNya arthAt samAna vacana aura vibhakti meM prayukta hotI hai| udA. 'eko ghaTaH dvau ghaTau, trayo vA ....yAvat aSTAdaza ghaTAH' prayoga hotA hai kintu 'ghaTAnAM eko vA, dvau vA trayo vA ... ' prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki 'eka' se 'aSTAdaza' paryanta saMkhyA kA saMkhyAna arthAt vizeSya ke rUpa meM prayoga nahIM hotA hai kintu vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI prayoga hotA hai| jabaki 'ekonaviMzatiH' zabda se lekara sabhI saMkhyAvAcaka zabda 'saGkhyeya' ke rUpa meM to haiM hI, kintu 'saGkhyAna' ke rUpa meM bhI unakA prayoga hotA hai | udA. 'ekonaviMzatirghaTAH' tathA 'ghaTAnAM ekonaviMzatiH', vaise 'navanavatirghaTAH ghaTAnAM vA' / 'zataM, sahastraM, lakSaM, koTirvA ghaTA: ' tathA 'zataM, sahastraM lakSaM, koTirvA ghaTAnAm ' prayoga bhI hotA hai / isa nyAya kA jJApana 'sujvArthe saGkhyA saGkhyeye saGkhyayA bahuvrIhi:' 3/1/19 sUtragata 'saGkhyeya' zabda se hotA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to kauna-sI saMkhyA 'saGkhyeya' ke rUpa meM hai vaha kaise mAlUma detA? aura usakA jJAna na ho to 'saGkhyAna' svarUpa saMkhyA kA bhI jJAna na hotA aura usakA parihAra kiye binA 'saGkhyeya' rUpa saMkhyA ke sAtha kaise samAsa hogA ? aura yahI jJApaka 'AdazabhyaH' pada ko choDakara, zeSa saMkhyA ke lie hai arthAt saMkhyeya ke rUpa meM kisI bhI saMkhyA hai, itanA hI artha isI 'sujvArthe saGkhyA'3/1/19 sUtra se dhvanita hotA hai / yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'AsannAdUrA' - 3/1/20 se hue 'Asannadazan' samAsa se 'pramANI saGkhyADu: '7/3/128 se 'Da' samAsAnta hogA aura 'AsannadazA' hogaa| usI samAsa kA artha 'nava' athavA 'ekAdaza' hotA hai 'AsannA - daza' meM 'daza' kA artha 'daza saGkhyA yeSAM' aisA vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi samAsa hotA hai / yaha nyAya bhI anya kisI bhI paribhASApATha meM prApta nahIM hai| isa nyAya meM prayukta 'AdazabhyaH' zabda ke do artha hote haiM / 'dazan' zabda taka aura 'dazan ' '

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 91) 263 zabda kA prayoga jahA~ taka hotA hai vahA~ taka arthAt 'aSTAdaza' taka / unameM se 'aSTAdaza zabda taka' artha yahA~ lenA hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bhI yahI artha liyA hai tathApi zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'atra kecana' kahakara anya kisI ke mata se 'dazan' saMkhyAvAcaka zabda paryanta artha lenA hai, aisA batAkara usakA khaMDana kiyA hai kintu yahI mata kisakA hai, usakI spaSTatA nahIM kI hai| ___ yaha nyAya saGkhyeya arthavAcaka saMkhyAoM ke astitva kA kevala bodha karAtA hai kintu isakA artha aisA nahIM hai ki isa nyAya ke pUrva usameM saGkhyeyatva nahIM thaa| dUsarI bAta yaha ki jo bAta loka se prApta ho, usameM zAstra kA vyApAra nahIM hotA hai aura vahI bAta lokaprasiddha hone se, usake lie nyAya kA Azraya karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne vividha koza ityAdi ke udAharaNa dekara yahI 'eka' se 'aSTAdaza' paryanta saMkhyAvAcaka zabdoM meM kevala saGkhyeyatva hI hai, aura vaha lokaprasiddha hI hai aisA siddha kara dikhAyA hai| anta meM ve kahate haiM ki ye 'eka' se 'aSTAdaza' paryanta kI saMkhyA kevala guNiparaka (saGkhyeyatvavat ) hai aura viMzati Adi saMkhyAe~ guNaparaka aura guNiparaka (saGkhyAnatvavat aura saGkhyeyatvavat ) mAnI jAtI hai aura vaha zabdazakti ke svabhAva se hI hai, usake lie koI nyAya ityAdi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, aisA mahAbhASya ityAdi meM batAyA hai| isa nyAya ke zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAye hue jJApaka ke lie zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko pUrNataH aruci hai / ve kahate haiM ki amuka saMkhyA saMkhyeyavRtti hai aisA jJApana karanA ucita nahIM hai aura aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki amuka saMkhyA kevala saMkhyeyavRtti hai kyoMki 'sujvArthe saGkhyA saGkhyeye saGkhyayA bahuvrIhiH' 3/1/19sUtra meM saMkhyeyavRtti saMkhyA kA grahaNa kiyA hai kintu saMkhyeyamAtravRtti saGkhyA kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai aura agale sUtra meM viMzati' ityAdi ko bhI saGkhyeyavRtti ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai / isake atirikta zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ne bhI prAyaH pratyeka sUtra kI bRhavRtti meM usI sUtragata zabdoM aura unase kisa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai, vaha batA diyA hai kintu 'sujvArthe saGkhyA '- 3/ 1/19 kI bRhadvRtti meM, isI sUtra se, prastuta nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai aisA kahIM nahI kahA hai, isalie bhI isa prakAra usakA jJApakatva batAnA ucita nahIM hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi 'AsannadazA' kA artha nava athavA ekAdaza karate haiM aura AsannA daza' kA artha karate hue kahate haiM ki 'AsannA daza saGkhyA yeSAM' aisA vAkya bhI hogaa| kintu 'AsannA daza' kA yahI artha sahI pratIta nahIM hotA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yadi 'aSTAdaza' paryanta saMkhyA-zabda kA saMkhyeyatva ApakI paddhati se jJApakasiddha ho to hI usakA anityatva batAne kI AvazyakatA hai, kintu Upara batAyA usI taraha vaha jJApakasiddha nahIM hai aura kisI bhI prakAra ke pramANa binA 'dazazabdAnta' saMkhyAo kA saGkhyeyamAtravRttitva kisa prakAra dUra ho sakatA hai ? ataH 'dazAnAmAsannA' aisA hI vAkya ho sakatA hai yA to 'AsannAdUrA-' 3/1/20

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264 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) sUtra ke sAmarthya se vyadhikaraNapada bahuvrIhi samAsa kA svIkAra karanA cAhie aura bRhadvRtti ke vaise vAkya ko kevala artha batAnevAlA samajhanA caahie| . yahI bAta pANinIya paraMparA ke 'AsannAdUrA-'(pA.sa. 2/2/25) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM carcita hai| saMkSepa meM svAbhAvika saMkhyeyatva ke tyAga kI apekSA sUtravidhAna ke sAmarthya se vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi kI kalpanA karanA ucita pratIta hotA hai| 'AsannadazA' ke bAre meM Age carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki zAyada 'dazan' zabda meM saMkhyAnatva hai, aisA svIkAra karake 'AsannA daza (saGkhyA ) yeSAM' aisA vigraha karake samAsa karane para bhI, 'ekArtha cAne ca'3/1/22 sUtra se hI samAsa siddha ho jAtA hai, tathApi AsannA'- 3/ 1/20 se pratipadasamAsa kA vidhAna kiyA vaha, pramANIsaGkhyADDaH' 7/3/128 se 'Da' karane ke lie hI hai, aisA isI sUtra kI vRtti se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| arthAt isa samAsa meM AcAryazrI ko 'daza' ityAdi saMkhyA kA saMkhyAnatva abhimata hai kintu unhoMne isa nyAya ke anityatva kA Azraya nahIM kiyA hai / ataH isI 'AsannAdUrA'-3/1/20 sUtra se huI dvitIyAdi vibhakti ke artha meM samAsa vidhAna ke sAmarthya se hI isa prakAra kA vigraha hotA hai| isake lie yahA~ kevala svAbhAvika saMkhyeyatva kA tyAga kiyA hai, usakA hI isI sUtra dvArA jJApana hotA hai kintu usase isa nyAya ko anityatA prApta nahIM hotI hai aura isI sUtra se isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana nahIM hotA hai kyoMki Upara batAyA usI taraha yaha nyAya kevala lokaprasiddha artha kA hI anuvAdaka hone se, usake anityatva kI carcA nirmUla hai / yadyapi laghunyAsa meM 'AdazabhyaH saGkhyA saGkhyAne'pi vartate' aisA prAyika vacana hai, ata: vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ke lie paryApta/ucita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa nyAya kA niSkarSa batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki bahulAdhikAra se sAmAnyatayA 'aSTAdaza' paryanta kI saMkhyA kevala saMkhyeyavRtti hai, jabaki usake bAda kI saMkhyA, saMkhyeyavRtti aura saMkhyAnavRtti bhI hai aura zabdazakti se tathA lakSyAnusAra kvacit 'aSTAdaza' paryanta kI saMkhyA, saMkhyAnatva yukta ho sakatI hai , kintu usakA nirNaya zAstrakAra ke vacana para hI AdhArita nahIM hai| isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'AsannA daza' kA artha ekonaviMzatiH ekaviMzatiH' tathA 'ekAdaza, dvAdaza, trayodaza' ityAdi kiyA hai kintu vaha ucita nahIM hai aura vahI artha bRhadvRtti ke artha ke sAtha yuktisaMgata bhI pratIta nahIM hotA hai / A.zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne bRhavRttyanusAra usakA khaMDana kiyA hai / vahI carcA ativistRta hone se granthavistAra ke bhaya se yahA~ nahIM dete haiM / aura zAyada zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI yaha carcA/bAta laghunyAsa ke AdhAra para ho aisA lagatA hai kintu vizeSa vicAra karane para 'AsannAdUrA- 3/1/20 sUtra kA itanA bhAga truTita ho aisA lagatA hai kyoMki 'navaikAdaza veti paryAyo vighaTeta' isa prakAra kI zaMkA kA utthApana karane ke bAda usakA koI samAdhAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM isa nyAya ko vizeSavidhAna ke rUpa meM lokaprasiddha bAta kA hI anuvAdaka mAnanA cAhie / ataH usake jJApaka yA anityatva kI koI carcA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| yaha nyAya bhI anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM saMgRhIta nahIM hai|

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265 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 92) // 12 // Nau yatkRtaM tatsarvaM sthAnivad bhavati // 35 // 'Ni' pratyaya para meM hone para jo kArya hotA hai una saba kA sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai| yahA~ 'Nau' meM nimittasaptamI lenI kintu viSayasaptamI nahIM lenI / udA0 'sphurat Ni san, pusphArayiSati' / yahA~ 'sphur' dhAtu se 'Ni' pratyaya hogA taba, 'cisphurornavA' 4/2/12 se 'sphur dhAtu ke 'u' kA 'A' hogA arthAt 'sphAra Ni' hogA / yahA~ Atva, Ninimittaka hai, ataH vaha asadvat hogA, ataH jaba usase san pratyaya hogA taba, 'sanyaGazca' 4/ 1/3 se 'sphur' dhAtu ke ekasvarayukta AdyAMza kA dvitva karate samaya, 'Ni' ke kAraNa huA 'sphA' asadvad hogA aura 'sphu' kA hI dvitva hogA, bAda meM 'aghoSe ziTaH' 4/1/45 se 'ziT' kA lopa hogA aura 'dvitIyaturyayoH pUrvI' 4/1/42 se 'phu' kA 'pu' hone para pusphArayiSati' rUpa siddha hogaa| ___Nau' meM yadi viSayasaptamI ho to sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hotA hai / udA0 'zvi' dhAtu se 'san paraka Ni' pratyaya Ane se pUrva hI, 'zvervA' 4/1/89 se honevAlA 'yvRt' antaraGga kArya hone se pahale hI ho jAyegA kyoMki zvervA' 4/1/89 kI vRtti meM 'sanpare Nau viSaye' aisI viSayasaptamI kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / ataH 'zvi' kA 'yvRt' karane para 'zu' hogaa| usI 'zu' kA 'sanyaGazca' 4/1/3 se dvitva karate samaya sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA aura 'zu' ke sthAna para 'zvi' kA dvitva nahIM hogA kintu 'zu' kA hI dvitva honekI prApti hai kintu usase pUrva Ninimittaka 'u' kI vRddhi 'au' hogI aura usakA 'Ava' hogA to yahA~ 'zAv' kA dvitva nahIM hogA kintu 'zu' kA hI dvitva hogA kyoMki vRddhi aura 'Av' Adeza Ninimittaka hai / saMkSepa meM 'vRt' karate samaya 'Nau' meM viSayasaptamI hai, jabaki 'vRddhi' aura Av' Adeza karate samaya Nau meM nimittasaptamI hai / ataH 'zvervA' 4/1/89 se hue yvRt kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA kintu 'vRddhiH svareSvAdeH'- 7/4/1 se huI vRddhi aura 'Av' Adeza kA sthAnivadbhAva hogA aura 'zu' kA hI dvitva hogaa| ___ yadi 'Nau' meM sAmAnya saptamI lI jAya to, yahA~ 'zvi' meM hue yvat kA bhI sthAnivadbhAva ho jAtA to, bAda meM dvitva hone para 'zizAvayiSati' aisA aniSTa rUpa hotaa| isa nyAya kA jJApaka orjAntasthApavarge'vaNe' 4/1/60 sUtra hai| isI sUtra ke kAraNa 'yuka mizraNe' aura 'pUgz pavane' dhAtu se 'san' pratyaya hone para 'yiyaviSati, pipaviSati' rUpa hote haiN| ye rUpa siddha karane ke lie 'orjAntasthA'- 4/1/60 sUtra ke sthAna para sirpha 'payo'vaNe' kiyA hotA to bhI 'yiyaviSati' aura 'pipaviSati' rUpa meM dvitva hone ke bAda 'u' kA 'i' ho sakatA hai tathApi 'juM gatau' (sautra dhAtu), 'yauti, punAti' ityAdi dhAtu se 'Ni' hone ke bAda 'san' pratyaya hone para, 'jijAvayiSati, yiyAvayiSati, pipAvayiSati' ityAdi prayoga meM Nyanta 'javati' ityAdi dhAtu ke 'u' kA 'i' karane ke lie 'orjAntasthApavarge'vaNe 4/1/60, svarUpa dIrgha/baDe sUtra kI racanA kI vaha isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai|

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266 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'jijAvayiSati' ityAdi prayoga meM vRddhi aura 'Av' Adeza antaraGga hone se prathama vRddhi aura 'Ava' Adeza karane ke bAda dvitva karane para 'A' kA husva karane ke bAda pUrva ke 'a' kA 'sanyasya' 4/1/59 se 'i' siddha ho sakatA hai, to usake lie 'orjAntasthApavarge'- 4/1/60, jaisA baDA sUtra kyoMkiyA jAya ? arthAt aisA bRhatsUtra na karanA cAhie tathApi kiyA / vaha vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai ki vRddhi aura 'Av' kA sthAnivadbhAva hone para 'sanyasya' 4/1/59 se itva kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH isa nyAya kI AzaMkA se hI itva ke lie 'orjAntasthApavarge'-4/1/60 svarUpa dIrghasUtra kiyA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai / ataH Ninimittaka hue jisa kArya kA sthAnivadbhAva karanA hai usakA AdhArabhUta varNa yA varNasamudAya yadi avarNavAlA ho to hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai anyathA nahIM / udA. kRtaNa curAdi hai / ataH 'Ni' pratyaya para meM hone para kRtaH kIrtiH' 4/4/122 se 'kI' Adeza hone ke bAda 'acikIrtat' hogA / yahA~ 'kI' kA hI dvitva hogA kintu 'kR' kA dvitva nahIM hogA kyoMki kI svarUpa varNasamudAya IkAravAlA hai kintu akAravAlA nahIM hai / ataH sthAnivadbhAva kA abhAva hotA hai| yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki yahA~ isa nyAya kI prApti kaise ho sakatI hai ? kyoMki Nau meM nimittasaptamI hai, jabaki 'kI' Adeza to ninimitta hai / yahI bAta saca hai, tathApi 'yena vinA yanna syAt, tattasyAnimittasyApi nimittam' nyAya se 'Nic' ke saMniyoga meM hI 'kI' Adeza pAyA jAtA hai / ataH Nic saMniyoga ke binA anupapanna kI Adeza ke lie 'Nic' animitta hone para bhI nimitta mAnA jAtA hai| 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 paribhASA ke prapaMca-svarUpa yaha nyAya hai / isake bAda ke/ agale nyAya se lekara 'uNAdayo'vyutpannAni nAmAni' nyAya taka gyAraha nyAya 'sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam' nyAya kI anityatA ke prapaMca svarUpa hai| A. zrIhemacandrasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya ke phalasvarUpa 'pusphArayiSati,' aura 'cukSAvayiSati' ityAdi prayoga meM dvitva hone ke bAda pUrva khaNDa meM ukAra kA zravaNa hotA hai / yahA~ 'pusphArayiSati' meM 'cisphurornavA' 4/2/12 se Ninimittaka hue Atva kA aura 'cukSAvayiSati' meM vRddhi kA sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'acikIrttat' rUpa siddha karane ke lie isa nyAya ke anityatva kA Azraya kiyA hai| jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya karake isa rUpa kI siddhi karanA, bRhadvRtti ke anusAra ThIka nahIM lagatA hai kyoMki anityatva kA koI jJApaka nahIM hai aura 'jJApakasiddhaM na sarvatra' se prApta anityatva prAmANika nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / yaha nyAya jJApaka sAjAtyamUlaka hai kyoMki zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ne svayaM kahA hai ki 'etacca jJApakaM cAntaHsthApavargAdanyatrA'pyavarNa eva draSTavyam / ' yadi isa nyAya ko anitya mAnA jAya to, usI anityatA ke sthAna kA niyamana/nirNaya,

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267 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 92) anityatA ke jJApaka binA kaise prApta hogA ? aura aise sthAnavizeSa kA nirNaya kahIM bhI batAyA nahIM hai tathA yahI anityatva mahAbhASya ityAdi se viruddha haiM / isake atirikta isa nyAya ko zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'sthAnIvA'varNavidhau' 7/4/109 paribhASA kA prapaMca kahA hai, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki yahA~ Ama taura para sthAni svarUpa 'u' varNa kA 'i' varNa karanA hai aura vaha varNavidhi hai / ataH isa paribhASA kA yahA~ viSaya hI nahIM hai|| vastutaH, siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau'.7/4/110 sUtra se prApta sthAnivadbhAva kA niSedha 'na sandhi-GI-ya-kvi-dvi-dIrghAsadvidhAvasklu ki' 7/4/111 sUtra se hotA hai / usake pratiprasava svarUpa yaha nyAya hai arthAt aprAptasthAnivadbhAva kI prApti kA vidhAyaka yaha nyAya hai / isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke bAre meM Age carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki kisI ko yahA~ zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'orjAntasthApavarge'vaNe' 4/1/60 sUtra meM 'Ni' kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai, tathApi usake dvArA 'Ni' ke viSaya meM sthAnivadbhAva kA anumAna kisa prakAra hotA hai ? usakA pratyuttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki isI sUtra se 'san' pratyaya para meM hone para 'i' hotA hai aura vahI 'san' kvacit mukhya hotA hai / udA 'yiyaviSati, pipaviSati' ityAdi, aura kvacit vaha gauNa hotA hai / udA. 'abIbhavat, apIpavat / ' vastutaH 'Ga paraka Ni' hotA hai, taba hI sanvadbhAva dvArA sannimittaka kArya kI prApti hotI hai| yadi kevala 'Ni' ke kAraNa hI isI sUtra se 'i' hotA ho to, Ni ke viSaya meM sthAnivadbhAva kA jJApana isI sUtra ke 'jAntasthApavarge' zabda se honA saMbhavita hai, kintu vaisA nahIM hai, kyoMki kevala 'san' pratyaya para meM hone para bhI itva hotA hai / yahI bAta satya hai kyoMki san pratyaya nimittaka 'itva' kevala 'yiyaviSati, pipaviSate' ityAdi prayoga meM dikhAyI par3atA hai| jabaki anyatra 'san', 'Ni' se vyavahita hI pAyA jAtA hai aura vahA~ Ni ke kAraNa 'sanyasya' 4/1/59 se hI itva siddha ho jAtA hai / ataH 'jAntasthApavarge' zabda vyartha hote haiN| usake sArthakya ke lie 'Ni' ke viSaya meM use jJApaka mAnane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAyA hai ki yadi Ninimittaka hue kArya kA sthAnivadbhAva karanA ho to, usake AdhArabhUta varNa yA varNasamudAya avarNayukta honA cAhie, aura to hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai, anyathA isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / isake udAharaNa meM 'pusphArayiSati' ke 'sphA' ko varNa mAnA hai, aura 'jijAvayiSati' ke 'jAv' ko varNasamudAya mAnA hai, kintu 'sphA' varNa nahIM hai, varNasamudAya hI hai / ataH 'sphA' aura 'jAv' donoM ko varNasaMmudAya hI mAnane cAhIe / pariNAmata: 'AdhArabhUta varNa yA varNasamudAya avarNayukta honA cAhIe' aisA na kahakara 'AdhArabhUta varNasamudAya avarNayukta honA cAhie' aisA kahanA samucita pratIta hotA hai| yaha nyAya cAndra, puruSottamadevakRta paribhASAvRtti, sIradevakRta paribhASAvRtti, haribhAskarakRta paribhASAvRtti meM prApta hai, anyatra nahIM /

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268 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) // 93 // dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati // 36 // do bAra kahI huI bAta dRDha hotI hai / jisake lie vyAkaraNa ke dhAtupATha ityAdi meM do bAra prayatna kiyA ho vaha batAtA hai ki 'dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati', do bAra kahA huA eka hI kArya nitya hotA hai arthAt avyabhicArI rUpa se vaha kArya hotA hI hai / udA. 'asUc kSepaNe' dhAtu se adyatanI kA 'di' pratyaya para meM hone para ' Asthat' rUpa hogA / yahA~ 'aG' kA vyabhicAra nahIM hotA hai / yahI 'as' dhAtu se 'zAstyasUvaktikhyAteraG ' 3/4/60 se aGga pratyaya hogA aura puSyAdi gaNapATha meM 'asUc kSepaNe' dhAtu hone se 'lRdidyutAdipuSyAdeH parasmai' 3/4/64 se bhI 'aG' pratyaya honevAlA hai / anya kucheka ke matAnusAra puSyAdigaNapaThita dhAtu meM kvacit 'aG' kA vyabhicAra pAyA jAtA hai | udA. bhagavan mA kopIH / [ bAlarAmAyaNa ] yahA~ puSyAditva hone para bhI 'a' pratyaya nahIM huA hai| 'daMza' dhAtu se, 'yaG' pratyaya kA lopa hone para, kisI bhI sUtra se nahIM honevAlA 'na' kA lopa hogA hI, usakA jJApana karane ke lie 'gRlupasadacarajapajabhadazadaho gayeM' 3/4/12 sUtra meM yaGanta 'daMza' dhAtu ke 'na' kA lopa 'daza' nirdeza dvArA dikhA diyA hone para bhI, punaH 'japajabhadahadazabhaJjapaza: ' 4/1/52 meM kiyA 'daza', svarUpanirdeza hI, isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / isakA jJApakatva isa prakAra hai / yahA~ zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne aisA vicAra kiyA ki kisI bhI jJApaka dvArA eka bAra jJApita vidhi, 'samAsAntAgama-jJApaka- gaNa - nanirdiSTAni anityAni ' nyAya se, jaise 'dazaikAdaza' zabda ke akArAntatva meM anityatA AtI hai, vaise yahA~ bhI 'daMza' ke upAntya 'na' kA lopa na hone kI Apatti AtI hai, vaha na ho, usake lie 'dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati' nyAya se anityatA kA bhaya dUra karane ke lie hI zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne 'daMza' ke upAntya 'na' - lopa kA do bAra jJApana kiyA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, do bAra jJApita vidhi meM AtI anityatA kA niSedha kisI bhI prakAra se saMbhava nahIM hai kintu isa nyAya se do bAra jJApita vidhi meM nityatva prApta ho jAtA hai / ataH AcAryazrI ke apane matAnusAra 'daMdazIti' prayoga meM upAntya 'na' kA lopa hotA hI hai / anya kucheka ke matAnusAra yaGlubanta 'daMza' dhAtu ke upAntya 'na' kA lopa nahIM huA hai / ataH 'dandaMzIti' prayoga bhI hotA hai, aura yahI rUpa zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM 'japajabha'....4/1/ 52 sUtra kI vRtti meM sAkSAt batAyA hai, ataH vahI rUpa bhI unako aMzataH sammata hI hai, aisA mAnanA cAhie / ataH usakI siddhi karane ke lie isa nyAya kI anityatA kA Azraya lenA cAhie / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya kI anityatA batAne ke bajAya yaha kahate haiM ki jinake mata se ' dandaMzIti' meM 'daMza' ke upAntya 'na' kA lopa nahIM hotA hai, usake mata se yaha nyAya hai hI nahIM,

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 94 ) 269 aisA mAnanA aura kvacit isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA dikhAyI de to lokasiddha mAnakara usakA Azraya karanA cAhie / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya ke phala aura jJApaka kI carcA karate hue phala ko jJApaka aura jJApaka meM phala batAte haiM / isake lie unhoMne bRhadvRtti aura laghunyAsa kA AdhAra liyA hai / zrImahaMsagaNi ne 'Asthad' meM 'aG' ke vyabhicAra kA abhAva batAyA hai kintu vaha 'zAstyasUvaktikhyAteraG- ' 3/4 / 60 kI bRhadvRtti ke anukUla pratIta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki 'as' dhAtu puSyAdi hone se 'aG- ' honevAlA hI thA, tathApi Atmanepada meM a karane ke lie, yahA~ 'as' kA grahaNa kiyA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki puSyAditva se honevAlA 'aGga ' parasmaipada meM hI hotA hai, jabaki isI sUtra se honevAlA 'aG- ' parasmaipada aura Atmanepada donoM meM hotA hai | ataH 'paryasthata' prayoga ke lie yahA~ 'as' kA grahaNa kiyA hai / laghunyAsakAra ne puSyAdi pATha ko jJApaka batAte hue kahA hai ki 'AtmanepadArtham iti' aise bRhadvRtti ke zabda se Atmanepada aura parasmaipada donoM meM isI sUtra se hI 'aG ' honevAlA hai, to puSyAdi pATha meM isakA nirdeza kyoMkiyA ? vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jApana karatA hai, ataH 'as' dhAtu se 'a ' hogA hI / jabaki anya puSyAdi dhAtu se 'aG ' na bhI hA sakatA hai arthAt usameM aG kA vyabhicAra dekhane ko milatA hai / ata eva 'bhagavan ! mA kopI:' ityAdi ( rAmAyaNokta ) prayoga kI siddhi ho sakatI hai / yadi isa prakAra 'puSyAdi' pATha jJApaka hotA to 'daza' (4/1/52 ) nirdeza isa nyAya kA udAharaNa banatA hai / aisA hone para bhI kucheka kahate haiM ki 'divAdi' meM 'as' dhAtu kA pATha 'zya' (vikaraNa) pratyaya karane ke lie hI kiyA hai aura 'aG' pratyaya 'puSyAdi' se hI honevAlA hone se 'puSyAdi' meM hI usakA pATha kiyA hai / bAda meM Atmanepada meM 'a ' karane ke lie 'zAstyasUvakti'-3/4/ 60 sUtra meM pATha karanA Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra 'puSyAdi pATha' jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai kintu 'daza' -(4/1/52 ) nirdeza hI jJApaka banatA hai, to vaha bhI ucita hI hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI svIkAra karate haiM / yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana aura paribhASApATha, zAkaTAyana tathA jainendraparibhASAvRtti meM prApta hai / // 94 // Atmanepadamanityam // 37 // Atmanepada kI prApti ho, tathApi, kvacit ziSTaprayogAnusAra, nahIM hotA hai / ziSTa puruSoM ke prayogAnusAra, Atmanepada kI prApti ho, tathApi nahIM hotA hai / kvacit Atmanepada kI prApti na ho, tathApi ho jAtA hai, vahI anityatA hai /

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) usameM vyAkaraNazAstra se prApta Atmanepada kA abhAva isa prakAra hai / 'DulabhiS prAptau, klIbRD AdhA, kliziMc upatApe SevRG sevane, bhASi vyaktAyAM vAci, tarjiN saMtarjane, bhasiN saMtarjane, zamiN Alopane, bhaliN AbhaNDane kutsiN avakSepe, vaJciN pralambhane, vidiN cetanAkhyAnanivAseSu', ye saba dhAtu iGit hone se Atmanepada kI hI prApti hai tathApi usakA anukrama se nimnokta prakAra se prayoga hotA hai / '1. samyak praNamya na 'labhanti' kadAcanA'pi / 2. kurUdyotaM 'klIbad' dinapatisudhAgau tamasi me / 3. parArthe 'klizyataH ' sataH / 4. svAdhIne vibhave'pyaho narapati 'sevanti' kiM mAninaH 5. mithyA na ' bhASAmi' vizAlanetre 6. 'tarjayati' 7. ' bhartsayati' 8. 'nizAmayati' 9. 'nibhAlayati' 10. 'kutsayati' 11. 'vaJcayati' 12. 'vedayati' ityAdi / yahA~ 'klIbad' prayoga meM 'klIbRG ' dhAtu tathA 'klIba' zabda se 'kartuH kvip'.... 3/4/25 se honevAle Git 'kvip' pratyayAnta nAmadhAtu bhI liyA jA sakatA hai / 270 7 Atmanepada kI prApti na ho tathApi hotA hai / udA. 'Sasja gatau, 'prakRterguNasaMmUDhAH sajjante guNakarmasu ' [ bhagavadgItA ] 'sajjamAnamakAryeSu' / yaha dhAtu iGit nahIM hone para bhI Atmanepada hotA hai| 'ejRG, bhejRG, bhrAji dIptau' isa prakAra bhrAj dhAtu kA AtmanepadI dhAtu meM pATha kiyA hai tathApi 'rAjRg TubhrAji dIptau,' aise punaH pATha kiyA vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / isakA jJApakatva isa prakAra hai / ' bhrAji' dhAtu kA AtmanepadI dhAtu meM do bAra pATha karake 'dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati' nyAya se, 'bhrAji' dhAtu se kadApi parasmaipada nahIM hogA, aisA siddha kiyA hai / 'bhrAji' dhAtu se Atmanepada hI hogA, aisA jJApita karane ke lie, aisA prayatna kiyA kyoMki 'bhrAji' dhAtu ke Atmanepada ke vyabhicAra kI zaMkA utpanna huI hogI aura vaha isa nyAya ke binA nahIM ho sakatI hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'bhrAji' dhAtu kA do bAra pATha karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI na thI / ataH vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| aura yaha nyAya hone ke kAraNa hI, 'bhrAji' dhAtu ke Atmanepada ke vyabhicAra kI zaMkA huI, use dUra karane ke lie, do bAra pATha kiyA arthAt vaha sArthaka bhI hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai kyoMki 'iGitaH kartari 3/3/22 se honevAlI Atmanepadavidhi hI isakA kSetra hai / ise chor3akara 'kriyAvyatihAre'gatihiMsA'-3/3/23 ityAdi sUtra se honevAlI Atmanepadavidhi nitya hI hai anitya nahIM hai, kyoMki nyAya kI apekSA sUtra balavAn mAne jAte haiM / tathA 'iGitaH kartari' 3/3/ 22 sUtra meM liGga (cihna) dvArA Atmanepada kiyA hai / ataH vaha lAkSaNika hai| jabaki anyasUtra dvArA ukta Atmanepadavidhi pratipadokta hai| ataH 'lakSaNapratipadoktayo:'nyAya se 'kriyAvyatihAre'gati - ' 3/3/23 ityAdi sUtrokta Atmanepadavidhi meM kisI bhI prakAra ke vyabhicAra kA saMbhava nahIM hai / isa nyAya kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? isake bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki siddhahema meM parasmaipada ke lie 'zeSAtparasmai' 3/3/100 sUtra hai, arthAt vahI sAmAnya vidhAna hai| jabaki Atmanepada, usI usI liGgavizeSa nimittaka hai, ataH vaha balavAn banatA hai aura Atmanepada vidhi

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 95) 271 nitya ho jAtI hai| jabaki sAhitya ke kSetra meM ziSTapuruSa dvArA kiye gaye prayoga meM Atmanepada kI anityatA mAlUma par3atI hai, ataH vahI prayoga bhI sAdhu aura zAstrakAra ko saMmata hai, yahI batAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 'cakSiG' dhAtu ko 'Git' karane se hI isa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai, aisA prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa mAnate hai / jabaki navIna vaiyAkaraNa 'cakSiG' dhAtu ke GitkaraNa kA dUsarA prayojana batAkara vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM hai, aisA dikhAte haiM, aura jahA~ jahA~ AtmanepadI dhAtu se parasmaipada yA parasmaipadI dhAtu se Atmanepada huA hai vahA~ ArSatva arthAt ArSa prayoga hai, aisA samAdhAna dete haiM / yadi isa nyAya se aise prayogoM ko svIkRti dI jAya to, vartamAnakAlIna, aise prayogoM ko bhI sAdhutva prApta ho jAyegA to vyAkaraNazAstra nirdiSTa Atmanepada-parasmaipada kI koI vyavasthA nahIM raha paatii| ataH isa nyAya ke bAre meM vizeSa vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki jaise, isa nyAya se pUrva Aye hue 'upasargo'vyavadhAyi' nyAya meM batAyA hai, vaise yahA~ bhI, yaha nyAya, vyAkaraNa kI koI vidhi meM upakAraka nahIM hai, aura vyAkaraNa ke sUtra yA usake zabda yA anya kisI bAbata kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI nahIM karatA hai, ataH zAstrIya prakriyA kA nirvAha karane ke lie isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jahA~ jahA~ aise Atmanepada kI anityatA ke kaviprayoga prApta ho vahA~ pahale batAyA usI prakAra 'sAhitya ke kSetra meM kavi niraGkuza hote haiM, aisA mAnakara samAdhAna kara lenA / aura 'bhrAj' dhAtu kA do bAra pATha kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kA, jaisA cAhie aisA balavAna jJApaka nahIM hai kyoMki donoM pAThoM meM bhinna bhinna anubaMdha haiM / ataH aisI kalpanA ho sakatI hai ki prathama 'bhrAj' dhAtu se 'Tu' anubandha nimittaka kArya na ho, isake lie kevala 'bhrAji dIptau' kahA aura dUsare 'bhrAj' dhAtu se 'Tu' anubandhanimittaka kArya hotA hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie 'TubhrAji dIptau' kahA hai / ata: isa nyAya kA, 'bhrAj' dhAtu ke do bAra ke pATha se, jJApana karanA ucita nahIM lagatA hai athavA isa nyAya kA dRr3hatara jJApaka prApta nahIM hai| pANinIya paramparA meM yaha nyAya 'anudAttettvalakSaNamAtmanepadamanityam' svarUpa meM hai aura vaha bhI kevala puruSottamadevaparibhASApATha, nAgeza ke paribhASenduzekhara va zeSAdrinAtha kI paribhASAvRtti meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| // 95 // kvipi vyaJjanakAryamanityam // 38 // 'kvip' pratyayAnta zabda yA dhAtu ko, vyaJjananimittaka kArya prApta ho to bhI nahIM hotA hai / vahI anityatA hai / usameM 'AkhyAta' sambandhita 'kvip' kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai / 'rAjevAcarati' meM 'kartuH kvip galbhaklIbahoDAttu Git' 3/4/25 se 'kvip' hogA aura 'rAjAnati' prayoga hogaa| isa prayoga meM 'kvip' sambandhita 'va' kAra ke kAraNa 'nAma sidayvyaJjane'-1/1/21 se 'rAjan' meM padatva kI prApti hai, tathApi padatva nahIM hogA aura 'nAmno no'nahnaH' 2/1/91 se 'na' kA lopa nahIM hogaa|

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272 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) kRt 'kvip' kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai-'gIryate iti', 'krutsampadAdibhyaH-'5/3/114 se 'kvip' hogA aura prathamA dvivacana kA 'au' pratyaya hone para girau' ityAdi rUpa hoMge / yahA~ bhI pUrva kI taraha kvip nimittaka, padatva kI prApti nahIM hogI aura 'padAnte' 2/1/64 se 'girau' meM dIrgha nahIM hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApaka kvau' 4/4/119 sUtra hai / vaha isa prakAra hai- 'mitraM zAsti mitrazI:' ityAdi prayoga meM, 'kvip' ko vyaJjanAdi mAnakara 'isAsaH zAso'vyaJjane' 4/4/118 se 'is' Adeza siddha hI thA, tathApi usake lie 'kvau' 4/4/119 sUtra kiyA kyoMki yaha nyAya hone se 'kvip' pratyaya parameM hone para vyaJjananimittaka kArya nahIM hogA, aisI AzaMkA se hI yahI 'kvau' 4/ 4/119 kiyA gayA hai| 'kvip' ke sAtha sAtha upalakSaNa se 'vic' pratyaya para meM hone para bhI vyaMjananimittakakArya nahIM hotA hai / udA. 'mukhyamAcaSTe'-'Niji', 'manvan-'5/1/147 se 'vic' hone para 'mukhy, taM mukhyam' / yahA~ 'vic' para meM hone para vyaMjananimittaka-'yvoH pvyvya Jjane luk' 4/4/121 se 'ya' kA lopa nahIM huA hai / yahA~ aisA na kahanA ki 'Nic' kA lopa hone ke bAda, usakA sthAnivad bhAva hone se, 'vic' para meM hone para 'y' lopa kI prApti hI nahIM hai kyoMki 'ya vidhi' meM sthAnivadbhAva kA 'na sandhi GI'.....7/4/111 se niSedha huA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA batAnA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki yadi isa nyAya kI anityatA batAnA ho to, kahIM bhI 'kvip' yA 'vic' pratyaya para meM Ane para, vyaMjananimittaka kArya hotA hai, aisA batAnA paDe, to vyaMjanakArya kI anityatA kI bhI anityatA kahI jA sakatI hai kintu yahA~ siddhahema kI paramparA meM 'kvip' pratyaya para hone para kahIM bhI vyaMjanakArya nahIM hotA hai aura huA pratIta bhI nahIM hotA hai / ataH isa nyAya kI anityatA nahIM hai| aura aisA hai to isa nyAya kA svarUpa ucita nahIM hai kyoMki yadi 'kvipa' pratyaya para meM hone para vyaMjananimittaka kArya na hotA ho, to 'kvipi vyaMjanakArya na syAt' kahanA cAhie, kintu isa bAta kA virodha karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki aisI zaMkA na karanI cAhie kyoMki yaha nyAyasUtra cirantana hai aura isakA svarUpa koI bhI vyakti nahIM badala sakatA hai aura yaha nyAya vividha vyAkaraNa meM sAmAnya hai / ata: anya vyAkaraNa paramparA meM 'kvipi vyaJjanakAryamanityam', aise svarUpa meM bhI nyAya hai / kucheka 'kvip' pratyaya para meM hone para kucheka kArya ko nitya mAnate haiM / udA. jayakumAra 'pAM pAne' dhAtu se 'kvip' pratyaya karake, usakA lopa hone ke bAda bhI 'IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/3/97 se vyaMjanAdi pratyayanimittaka Itva nitya karate haiM aura 'pI:' rUpa siddha karate haiN| unakI apekSA se isa nyAya meM 'anityam' kahA hai| siddhahema kI paramparA meM isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki anya paraMparA kI prakriyA se, bilkula bhinna prakAra kI prakriyA yahA~ hai / ataH isa nyAya ke binA bhI kAryasiddhi ho sakatI hai, aura 'kvip' vyaMjanAdi hone para bhI usakA pUrNataH lopa ho jAne ke bAda sAmAnyatayA

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22 dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 95 ) 273 vyaMjanAdi pratyayanimittaka kArya nahIM hotA hai / ata eva 'IrvyaJjane'yapi 4 / 3 / 97 sUtra meM sAkSAt vyaMjana kA grahaNa karane ke lie 'vyaJjane' zabda rakhA hai / vaha sUcita karatA hai kvacit lupta vyaJjanAdi pratyayanimittaka kArya bhI hotA hai / 'kvip' pratyaya hone para vyaMjananimittaka kArya kI prApti ho to hI isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA hai, anyathA yaha anAvazyaka hai / sAmAnyatayA siddhahema kI paraMparA meM anubaMdha ityAdi ke lopa ke lie eka hI 'aprayogIt' 1/1 / 37 sUtra hai / isake anusAra jisakA kahIM bhI prayoga na huA ho, use 'it' saMjJA hotI hai aura 'eti apagacchati iti it' svarUpa meM 'it' kI vyAkhyA karane para jo 'aprayogi' hai, usakA lopa ho jAtA hai| yahA~ 'kvip' pratyaya ke viSaya meM saMpUrNa pratyaya kA hI lopa hotA hai, to zAyada 'pratyayalope pratyayalakSaNaM kAryam' nyAya se kvip nimittakakArya kI prApti ho sakatI hai kintu vyaJjananimittaka kArya kI prApti kaise hotI hai ? isake lie 'kvip' pratyaya ke svarUpa kA vicAra karanA hogA / usake bAre meM zabdamahArNavanyAsa (bRhanyAsa) meM kahA hai ki kvip pratyaya meM 'ka' kAra aura 'pa' kAra do anubaMdha hai, 'i' uccAraNArtha hai, ataH kevala 'va' kAra hI pratyaya kA aMza hai, yadi yaha 'va' kAra na hotA to 'aprayogi' zabda kA abhidheya hI nahIM milatA / ataH pratyayatva kevala 'va' meM hI hai aura 'va' kAra rakhane kA kAraNa batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki mahAbhASya kA siddhAMta hai ki 'na hi yaNa: ( antasthA: ) padAntAH snti| ' [ antasthA ( yavarala ) prAyaH kadApi pada ke anta meM nahIM hote haiM / ] ataH pratyaya sambandhita kArya karane ke bAda usakI nivRtti ho jAyegI / isa prakAra kvip ke 'va' meM pratyayatva aura kAryArthatva hai / ataH vyaMjananimittaka kArya kI prApti hai / usako isa nyAya se dUra kI jAtI hai / isI prakAra se 'vic' ke 'va' meM bhI pratyayatva aura kAryArthatva hai / ataH usakA yahA~ saMgraha kiyA hai, kintu yahA~ 'vic' kA saMgraha karanA ucita nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA mata hai / zAyada yahA~ usakA saMgraha karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai kintu usakA jo phala batAyA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'vic' kA udAharaNa isa prakAra diyA hai / 'mukhyamAcaSTe iti Niji' bAda meM 'vic' pratyaya hone para 'mukhy '* hogA / aura yahA~ isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'yvoH pvayvyaJjane luk' 4/4/121 se 'yU' kA lopa nahIM huA hai, kintu vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki siddhahemabRhannyAsa meM zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne batAye hue mahAbhASya ke siddhAnta 'na hi yaNaH padAntAH santi' ke khilApha yaha udAharaNa hai / ataH kArAnta prayoga anucita hai aura vastutaH aise prayoga anabhidhAna hI hote haiM arthAt 'vic' ke grahaNa kA yahA~ koI phala nahIM hai / anya kisI bhI vyAkaraNa meM yaha nyAya prApta hI nahIM hai, to 'vic' ke grahaNa kI carcA to hotI hI kahA~ ? yahA~ 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI chapI huI kitAba meM 'mukhy' ke sthAna para 'mukhyaH' zabda prApta hai kintu vaha sahI nahI hai| yahA~ zrImahaMsagaNi kI kSati hai aisA na mAnanA kintu mudraNadoSa hai, aisA mAnanA cAhie / .

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274 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) // 96 // sthAnivadbhAva-puMvadbhAvaikazeSa-dvandvaikatva-dIrghatvAnyanityAni // 39 // sthAnivadbhAva, puMvadbhAva, ekazeSa, dvandvaikatva aura dIrghatva, ye pA~ca kArya anitya haiN| yahA~ 'dvandvaikatva' arthAt 'samAhAra dvandva' aura 'dIrghatva' sAmAnya se kahA hai tathApi bhvAdernAmino'2/1/63 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi yahA~ lenA / sthAnivadbhAva ityAdi pA~ca kArya anitya haiM arthAt yathAprApta sarvatra hote hI haiM kintu ziSTa prayogAnusAra kvacit nahIM hote haiM / sthAnivadbhAva ityAdi jahA~ hote haiM, vaise udAharaNa sulabha hone se kahe nahIM haiM / sthAnivadbhAvAbhAva kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai| 'svAdu' zabda se 'svAdvakArSIt' artha meM Nic hokara adyatanI meM 'asisvadad' prayoga hogaa| yahA~ 'svAdu' zabda ke ukAra kI 'Nic' para meM hone se vRddhi hone para 'svAdAv + Nic' hogA aura 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se antyasvarAdi 'Av' kA lopa hogA / 'a+svAd+Nic+Ga+di', isI sthiti meM Nic nimittaka 'Av' lopa huA hai, isakA sthAnivadbhAva na hone para 'svAd' kA 'A' upAntya banegA aura usakA 'upAntyasyAsamAnalopi'-4/2/35 se hrasva hogaa| sthAnivadbhAva ke anityatva kA jJApaka 'upAntyasyAsamAnalopi'-4/2/35 sUtragata 'asamAnalopi' zabda hai| vaha isa prakAra hai| 'mAlAmAkhyata amamAlata' ityAdi prayoga meM 'Nica' ke kAraNa antya 'A' kA lopa huA hai aura usake upAntya 'A' kA husva karate samaya sthAnivadbhAva hogA, isa prakAra 'upAntyasyA'-4/2/35 se hrasva hone kI prApti hI nahIM hai to usakA niSedha karane ke lie sUtra meM 'asamAnalopi' kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? arthAt yahI 'asamAnalopi' zabda vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai ki sthAnivadbhAva anitya hone se, jaba sthAnivadbhAva na ho to 'amamAlad' meM mAlA ke antya A kA lopa hone ke bAda, upAntya A kA isva ho hI jAtA hai, usakA niSedha karane ke lie 'upAntyasyAsamAnalopi'-4/2/35 sUtra meM 'asamAnalopi' kahanA Avazyaka hai| ___yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA hotI hai ki 'asamAnalopi' kahane kA kAraNa dUsarA bhI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai-: 'rAjAnamAkhyad ararAjat' prayoga meM 'Nic' para meM hone para tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se antyasvarAdi 'an' kA lopa hotA hai / yahI 'an' lopa svaravyaMjanasamudAya kA Adeza hai, ata: usameM svarAdezatva nahIM hai usI kAraNa se 'svarasya pare prAvidhau' 7/4/110 se sthAnivadbhAva kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| ataH 'rAja' kA A upAntya hogA aura 'upAntyasyAsamAnalopi'-4/2/35 se husva hone kI Apatti AyegI kintu yahA~ bhI hrasva niSedha huA pratIta hotA hai aura usake lie hI 'upAntyasyAsamAnalopi'-4/2/35 meM 'asamAnalopi' zabda rakhA hai / yahI zaMkA ucita hai kintu 'ararAjad' ityAdi prayoga meM 'an' lopa svarUpa jo svaravyaMjanasamudAyalopa svarUpa Adeza hai, usameM svara ke prAdhAnya kI vivakSA karane para usameM svarAdezatva kA saMbhava hai hI, aura to 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau' 7/4/110 se sthAnivadbhAva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra 'asamAnalopi' zabda ke grahaNa ke

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 96) 275 binA bhI upAntya 'A' kA hrasva niSedha ho hI jAtA hai tathApi sUtra meM 'asamAnalopi' rakhA, vaha 'an' ke sthAnivadbhAva ke anityatva ke kAraNa rakhA hai / ataH jaba sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA taba vahI 'rAja' ke upAntya 'A' ke hrasva hone kI saMbhAvanA paidA hotI hai, usakA 'asamAnalopi' se niSedha ho jAtA hai| puMvadbhAva kI anityatA isa prakAra hai-'dakSiNasyAM bhavo dAkSiNAtyaH' yahA~ 'dakSiNA' zabda digvAci hone se strIliGga hai / saptamyanta 'dakSiNA' zabda se 'bhava' artha meM 'dakSiNApazcAtpurasastyaNa' 6/3/13 se 'tyaNa' pratyaya hogA / yahA~ 'sarvAdayo'syAdau' 3/2/61 se 'dakSiNA' kA puMvadbhAva hone para strItva nivRtta hogaa| ata: 'nimittAbhAve-'nyAya se strItva nimittaka 'Apa' kI nivRtti hokara 'dAkSiNatyaH' hone kI prApti hai tathApi puMvadbhAva anitya hone se 'dAkSiNatyaH' ke sthAna meM 'dAkSiNAtyaH' rUpa hogaa| puMvadbhAva kI anityatA kA jJApana 'kauNDinyAgastyayoH kuNDinAgastI ca' 6/1/127 sUtra ke 'kauNDinya' zabda se hotA hai| yahI 'kauNDinya' zabda kA nirdeza puMvadbhAva kI anityatA ke binA kisI bhI prakAra se siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai / 'kuDuG dAhe' dhAtu se 'ajAteH zIle' 5/1/154 se 'Nin' pratyaya hogA use strIliGga meM 'kI' pratyaya hone para 'kuNDinI' zabda hogA, bAda meM vRddhApatya artha meM 'gargAde:'-6/1/42 se 'yaJ' pratyaya karane para, yadi 'jAtizca Nitaddhitayasvare' 3/2/51 se puMvadbhAva hotA to strItva-nivRtti ke sAtha tannimittaka 'DI' kI bhI nivRtti hotI aura kauNDin + yaJ' hotA, aura 'no'padasya'-7/4/61 se 'in' kA lopa hotA aura kauNDya' zabda banatA kintu 'kauNDinya' na hotA, tathApi 'kauNDinya' nirdeza kiyA hai, vaha puMvadbhAva kI anityatA batAtA hai| aura puMvadbhAva na hone para 'kauNDinI + yaJ' meM 'avarNevarNasya' 7/4/68 se 'I' kA lopa huA hai, tathApi, vahI 'I' lopa ko svarAdeza mAnakara usakA sthAnivadbhAba karane para 'no'padasya'-7/4/ 61 se prApta 'in' kA lopa nahIM hogA aura 'kauNDinya' rUpa siddha hogaa| 'ekazeSa' kI anityatA isa prakAra hai / 'tadatadAtmakaM tattvamAtiSThante jainAH / ' yahA~ 'tyadAdiH' 3/1/120 se 'tad' zabda kA 'ekazeSa' hone kI prApti hai tathApi nahIM kiyA hai / ekazeSa kI anityatA ke jJApaka aise prayoga hI haiM / 'tadatadAtmakaM' pada kI spaSTatA karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM kahate haiM ki 'tyadAdiH' 3/1/120 sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hai / jaba 'tyadAdi' zabdoM kA anya zabdoM ke sAtha dvandva samAsa hotA hai taba, 'tyadAdi' zabda hI zeSa rahatA hai aura anya zabdoM kA lopa hotA hai| udAH 'sa ca caitrazca tau, yazca caitrazca yau' / usI prakAra yahA~ bhI 'tadatadAtmakaM' meM tacca atacca' meM 'tad'-tyadAdi hai aura 'atad' anya zabda hai, ataH ina donoM meM se 'atad' kA lopa hokara 'te' hone kI prApti hai tathApi yahA~ 'tadate' kiyA hai, bAda 'tadate AtmA yasya tada tadatadAtmakaM', isa prakAra bahuvrIhi samAsa kiyA hai| yahA~ 'AtiSThante' meM 'pratijJAyAm' 3/3/65 se Atmanepada kiyA hai| 'tad' zabda sarvanAma hone se, usake dvArA 'nityatvaM, sAmAnyAtmakatvaM, abhilApyatvaM' ityAdi guNa liye jAte haiM arthAt jaina, pratyeka cIja meM sattva, nityatva ityAdi guNadharma meM syAdvAda

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276 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) yA anekAMtavAda mAnate haiM / arthAt koI bhI cIja ekAnta se nitya bhI nahIM aura anitya bhI nahIM hai kintu kathaJcit nitya aura kathaJcit anitya yA nityAnitya hai| isa prakAra padArtha ke pratyeka guNa ke lie samajha lenA / dvandvaikatva (samAhAradvandva) kI anityatA isa prakAra hai / 'zaGkhazca dundubhizca vINA ca zaGkhadundubhivINAH / ' yahA~ 'prANitUryAGgANAm' 3/1/137 se prApta samAhAradvandva nahIM huA hai / dvandvaikatva kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'prANitUryAGgANAm' 3/1/137 sUtragata bahuvacana hai / yadyapi AcAryazrI ne sarvatra ekavacana kA hI prayoga kiyA hai aura jahA~ jahA~ bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai vahA~ vahA~ kisI na kisI vizeSa vidhAna kA jJApana karane ke lie vaha hai / yahA~ bhI samAhAradvandva karake ekavacana kA prayoga ho sakatA hai, tathApi bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA, usase jJApana hotA hai ki yahA~ koI vizeSa prayojana hai hI aura samAhAradvandva kI anityatA ke jJApana ko chor3akara anya koI prayojana nahIM hai| ataH isI 'prANitUryAGgANAm' 3/1/137 sUtragata bahuvacana dvandvaikatva kI anityatA kA jJApaka hai| yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to yahA~ bahuvacana kA prayoga karane kI koI AvazyakatA na thii| dIrghavidhi meM anityatA isa prakAra hai / udA. 'kurdi krIDAyAm' 'kurdate' meM 'ramyAdibhyaH kartari' 5/3/126 se 'ana' pratyaya hone para 'kurdanaH' aura 'gurvai udyame' se 'Nin cAvazyakAdhamarye' 5/ 4/36 se 'Nin' pratyaya hokara, usase strIliGga meM 'GI' pratyaya hone para 'gurviNI' ityAdi prayoga meM 'bhvAdernAmino'-2/1/63 se dIrgha nahIM huA hai / 'bhvAdernAmino-' 2/1/63 se dIrghatva kI siddhi hotI hai, tathApi 'sphUrkha, U, Urgu' ityAdi dhAtu meM dhAtupATha meM hI dIrghapATha kiyA hai, vaha dIrghavidhi kI anityatA kA jJApaka hai| yadi 'hurchA, murchA,' ityAdi dhAtuoM kI taraha isva dhAtupATha kiyA hotA to calatA, kintu, tathApi dIrghapATha kiyA vaha dIrghatva kI anityatA ke jJApana ke lie hI hai| yadi yaha nyAyAMza na hotA to AcAryazrI kauna se artha ke jJApana ke lie dIrghapATha karate ? yaha nyAya kucheka vidhi kI anityatA batAtA hai / ataH svabhAva se hI vaha anitya hone se, usakI anityatA kA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| sthAnivadbhAva kI anityatA siddhahema bRhadvRtti meM 'upAntyasyA'-4/2/35 sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM batAyI gaI hai| isake udAharaNa 'asisvadat' aura 'paryavIvasat' kI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI zaMkA karate haiM kI yahA~ 'Nic' para meM hone para 'nAmino'kalihaleH' 4/3/51 se vRddhi hone se pUrva hI 'u' ityAdi kA lopa kyoM nahIM hogA ? kintu yahI carcA pUrva ke prathama vibhAga ke 57 nyAya meM Aye hue 'balavannityamanityAt' // 41 // nyAya meM A gaI hai / ataH yahA~ isakI punarukti karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| pANinIya paramparA meM sthAnivadbhAva kI anityatA kA koI balavAn jJApaka nahIM milatA hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI batAte haiM aura usI kAraNa se 'asisvadad' ityAdi prayoga meM upAntya kA husva karane ke lie sthAnivadbhAva na karanA cAhie aura usake lie 'Atidezikamanityam' svarUpa sarvasAmAnya nyAya kA Azraya karanA cAhie / tathApi siddhahema kI paramparA meM isa nyAyAMza kI pravRtti

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277 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 96) svayaM AcArya zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne bRhavRtti meM kI hai aura jJApaka bhI batAyA hai / ataH usakA svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| isa nyAya ke puMvadbhAva kI anityatA svarUpa aMza kI aura jJApaka kI carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'kauNDinyAgastyayoH kuNDinAgastI ca' 6/1/127 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'kauNDinya' zabda nipAtana dvArA siddha kiyA hai aura usake dvArA puMvadbhAva kA abhAva hotA hai, kintu 'kauNDinya' zabda ko puMvadbhAva kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM batAyA nahIM hai aura 'dAkSiNAtyaH' zabda kI siddhi isa prakAra batAyI hai- yahA~ 'dakSiNA' zabda bhinna svarUpa se liyA gayA hai| use dizAvAci zabda nahIM kintu avyaya ke svarUpa meM liyA hai / vaha avyaya isa prakAra banatA hai- 'dakSiNasyAM dizi vasati' artha meM dizAvAci 'dakSiNA' zabda se 'vA dakSiNAtprathamAsaptamyA AH 7/2/119 se 'A' pratyaya hokara avyaya banegA aura usase 'tatra bhave' artha meM 'dakSiNApazcAtpurasastyaNa' 6/3/13 se tyaNa pratyaya hogA / isa prakAra puMvadbhAva ke anityatva ke jJApana kA koI phala nahIM hai / tathApi laghunyAsakAra ne yahI artha jJApita kiyA hai, ata eva zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne bhI vaisA kiyA ho, aisA lagatA hai| yadyapi 'dakSiNApazcAtpurasastyaNa' 6/3/13 meM avyaya ke sAhacarya se 'dakSiNA' zabda bhI avyaya mAnanA cAhie, anyathA 'dakSiNA' aisA nirdeza karanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'dakSiNA' zabda dizAvAcaka ho to, usakA sUtra meM bhI puMvadbhAva karake 'dakSiNapazcAt'- nirdeza karanA hotA aura vahI ucita thA / yadyapi bRhadvRtti meM yahA~ 'dakSiNA' zabda ko dizAvAcaka aura avyaya donoM prakAra ke lekara siddhi batAyI hai / "dakSiNA dik tasyAM bhavo dAkSiNAtyaH, athavA dakSiNasyAM dizi vasati'vA dakSiNAtprathamAsaptamyA A:' 7/2/119 iti A pratyaye dakSiNA tatra bhavo dAkSiNAtyaH / " yahA~ puMvadbhAva kI carcA nahIM kI hai aura yahA~ dakSiNA zabda ko avyaya ke rUpa meM lenA, aisA anya ke matAnusAra sthApana kiyA hai tathApi zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki zAstrakAra ko isI nyAyAMza kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa nahIM hotI hai kyoMki 'kauNDinyAgastyayoH' -6/1/127 meM 'kauNDinya' zabda ko nipAtana svarUpa liyA hai, ata eva vaha puMvadbhAva kI anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai, kintu bRhadvRtti meM zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM 'kauNDinya' zabda ko nipAtana svarUpa nahIM liyA hai| ve svayaM 'kauNDinyAgastyayo:'- 6/1/127 kI bRhadvRtti meM kahate haiM ki "kuNDinyA apatyaM, gargAditvAd yaJ ata eva nirdezAtpuMvadbhAvAbhAvaH" / ata: 'kauNDinya' svarUpa nirdeza hI puMvadbhAva kI anityatA kA jJApaka banatA hai aisA svIkAra karanA cAhie / laghunyAsakAra ne bhI yahI kahA hai| 'ekazeSa' kI anityatA ke udAharaNa aura jJApaka donoM ke lie 'tadatadAtmakaM tattvamAtiSThante jainA:' jaise prayogoM ko hI batAye haiM / vastutaH udAharaNa aura jJApaka donoM yahI eka hI paMkti nahIM bana sakatI hai / vastutaH ekazeSa meM anityatA hai hI nahIM / ekazeSa samAsa meM lupta hue pada kA artha yA bhAva, vidyamAna pada dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai / yadi isa prakAra lupta pada kA artha, vidyamAna pada dvArA sUcita na hotA ho to, ekazeSa nahIM karanA cAhie aura hotA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki kRt, tadvita

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278 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) aura samAsa, abhidhAna lakSaNayukta hone cAhie / udA. 'sa ca caitrazca tau, yazca maitrazca yau' prayoga meM 'tyadAdiH' 3/1/120 se ekazeSa samAsa huA hai aura vahI 'to' aura 'yau' meM anukrama se caitra aura maitra svarUpa anyapada kA bhAva dvivacana dvArA abhivyakta ho sakatA hai / jabaki yahA~ 'tadatadAtmakaM' meM 'tad' aura 'atad' kA (tacca atacca ) ekazeSa samAsa karane para 'te' svarUpa hogA / yahI 'te' meM se 'atad' zabda kA bhAva abhivyakta nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH yahA~ ekazeSa karanA ucita nahIM hai aura yahI bAta 'tyadAdiH' 3/1/120 sUtra kA laghunyAsa dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| samAhAradvandva (dvandvaikatva) kI anityatA ke bAre meM bhI thor3A sA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI samAhAradvandva kI anityatA kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / dvandvaikatva kI vastusthiti isa prakAra hai - jahA~ dvandvasamAsa gata avayava sambandhita saMkhyA kI vivakSA ho vahA~ dvivacana, bahuvacana hotA hai kintu yadi samudAya kI vivakSA ho to samAhAradvandva hotA hai / isa paristhiti meM jahA~ dvandvaikatva ho, vahA~ nizcaya hI samudAya kI vivakSA kA Adara karanA cAhie / 'zaGkhadundubhivINAH' prayoga meM yadyapi tUryAMgatva ke kAraNa ekatva kI prApti hai, tathApi 'dundubhizca vINA ca' vigraha karake 'dundubhivINam' svarUpa samAhAradvandva karane ke bAda 'zaGkhau ca ( zaGkhazca) dundubhivINaM ca' vigraha karane para samAhAra dvandva nahIM hotA hai kintu itaretarayoga hI hotA hai, aura yahI bAta 'prANitUryAGgANAm' 3/1/137 ke laghunyAsa se spaSTa ho jAtI hai / unhoMne batAyA hai ki yadi 'mRdaGgAzca zaGkhapaTahaM ca' vigraha kiyA jAya to tUryAGga samudAya ke kAraNa samAhAradvandva nahIM hotA hai / usI prakAra se 'zaGkhadundubhivINA:' meM bhI samAhAradvandva nahIM hotA hai aura usake lie dvandvaikatva ke anityatva kI kalpanA na karanI cAhie / dUsarI bAta yaha ki 'prANitUryAGgANAm' 3/1/137 ke bahuvacana ko, isI dvandvaikatva kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM batAyA hai kintu vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki bRhadvRtti meM use, isa nyAyAMza ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM batAyA nahIM hai aura vahA~ bahuvacana rakhane kA prayojana dUsarA batAyA hai| zAstrakAra isI bahuvacana kI sArthakatA aura pRthagyoga kA kAraNa batAte hue kahate haiM ki prANi ke aGga aura tUrya ke aGga kA jaba dvandva samAsa hotA hai taba, prANi jAtivAcaka nahIM hone se 'aprANipazvAdeH' 3/1/136 se hI samAhAradvandva ho jAtA thA kintu vahA~ jAti kI vivakSA thii| yahA~ 'prANitUryAGgANAm' meM vyakti kI vivakSA hai tathA jAti kI vivakSA meM bhI prANyaGga aura aprANyaGga ityAdi kA mizraNa ho to ekavacana na ho, isake lie pRthagyoga kiyA hai / isakA jJApana karane ke lie 'prANitUryAGgANAm' 3/1/137 meM bahuvacana rakhA hai / usakA udAharaNa bRhadvRtti meM 'pANipaNavau' tathA 'pANigRdhrau' diyA hai| ataH yahI bahuvacana sArthaka hone se dvandvaikatva kI anityatA kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai / isa prakAra dvandvaikatva kI anityatA ke udAharaNa aura jJApaka sahI nahIM hai aura anya udAharaNa va jJApaka milane kI saMbhAvanA bhI nahIM hai, ataH dvandvaikatva kI anityatA na mAnanI caahie| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI dIrghavidhi kI anityatA kA bhI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki 'kurdanaH' ityAdi kA anya vyAkaraNa meM dIrghapATha prApta hotA hai aura 'sphUrkha, Urja, Urgu' ityAdi meM

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 97) 279 dIrghapATha kiyA, usase dIrghavidhi kI anityatA kA jJApana hotA hai, vaha bhI sahI nahIM hai kyoMki pANinIya taMtra meM 'sphurja' dhAtu kA isvapATha kiyA hai| __ aura nyAya pratyeka vyAkaraNa ke lie sarvasAmAnya hote haiM, ataH yahA~ usakA Azraya nahIM karanA caahie| kintu isakA samAdhAna yaha diyA jA sakatA hai ki pANinIya taMtra meM 'sphu' dhAtu ko dIrghavidhi kI anityatA ke udAharaNa svarUpa leM aura 'kUrdana' prayogagata 'kU' dhAtu ko dIrghatva kI anityatA ke jJApaka ke svarUpa meM leM to koI dikkata nahIM hai aura isa prakAra isI nyAyAMza kI pANinIya paramparA meM bhI pravRtti huI hai, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai / tathApi paribhASenduzekhara ityAdi meM usakA paribhASA ke rUpa meM nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura vahA~ dIrgha karane kI prakriyA bhinna hone se isI nyAyAMza kA svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, aisA mAnanA jyAdA ucita pratIta hotA hai| yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI vyAkaraNa paramparA meM prApta nahIM hai| // 97 // anityo NiccarAdInAm // 40 // curAdi dhAtu se sAmAnyatayA sarvatra 'Nic' hotA hai, tathApi ziSTa prayogAnusAra kahIM kahIM 'Nic' pratyaya nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'curaNa corati, cituNa cintati, chadaN chadanaH', 'tulaN' dhAtu se 'bhidAdayaH' 5/3/ 108 se 'aG' hone para tulA ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / isa nyAya kA jJApaka curAdi gaNa ke 'ghuS' dhAtu ko 'Rdit' kiyA hai, vaha hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'curAdibhyo Nic' 3/4/17 se 'Nic' nitya hotA aura to adyatanI meM 'NizridgulukamaH kartari GaH' 3/4/58 se 'Ga' hI hotA, to 'ajUghuSat' prayoga nitya hotA, to 'RditkaraNa' ke phalasvarUpa 'Rdicci-stambhU-mucu-mlucU-grucU-glucU-gluJcU jo vA' 3/4/65 se 'aG' hone kA avakAza hI nahIM raha pAtA / ataH yaha RditkaraNa vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / ataH isa nyAya se, jaba 'ghuS' dhAtu se adyatanI meM 'Nic' nahIM hogA taba vaha Rdit hone se 'RdicchivastambhU-' 3/4/65 se 'aG' hogA aura 'aghuSat' rUpa bhI hogaa| yaha nyAya anitya hai| ata: 'yujAdi' ko chor3akara anya dhAtu meM hI, ziSTa prayogAnusAra Nic' kI anityatA mAnanA kintu 'yujAdi' dhAtu meM 'yujAdernavA' 3/4/18 se 'Nic' kA vikalpa nitya hI hai / tathA isa nyAya se pratyeka 'curAdi' dhAtu se vikalpa se 'Nic' nahIM hotA hai kintu kucheka hI dhAtu se usake anubandha ke kAraNa vikalpa se 'Nic' hotA hai / ataH 'yujAdi' dhAtu meM nitya vikalpa karane ke lie 'yujAdernavA' 3/4/18 sUtra kiyA hai| isa nyAya ke jJApakatva ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yahA~

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280 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'ghuS' dhAtu ke anubaMdha Rko jJApaka mAnA hai, vaise curAdi dhAtu ke use chor3akara anya anubandha bhI jJApaka bana sakate haiM, yadi usI anubaMdha kA phala kevala 'Nic' ke abhAva meM hI prApta ho to| udA0 'cituN' dhAtu kA ukAra anubandha / isI ukAra anubaMdha kA phala 'na' kA Agama hai aura vahI na kA Agama 'cintaNa' pATha karane se bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu vaisA karane para 'AzI:' meM 'cintyAt' rUpa ke sthAna meM 'no vyaJjanasyAnuditaH 4/2/45 se 'na' kA lopa hokara 'cityAd' jaisA aniSTa rUpa hotA / aura udit karane se 'uditaH svarAnno'ntaH' 4/4/98 se na kA Agama hogA aura usakA 'no vyaJjanasyA-' 4/2/45 se lopa nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki 'cituNa' dhAtu udit hai / yadi curAdi se Nic nitya hI hotA to, yaha 'u' anubaMdha vyartha hotA, ata: 'u' kAra anubaMdha se bhI isa nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'Nizridgusnu...' 3/4/58 se honevAle 'Ga' ko vizeSavidhi mAnI hai aura 'Rdicchvi-stambhU'.... 3/4/65 se honevAle 'aG' ko sAmAnyavidhi mAnI hai, aisA unake zabdoM se pratIta hotA hai / isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yahA~ 'aG' sAmAnyavidhi hai kyoMki vaha pratyeka Rdit dhAtu ke lie hai / jabaki 'Ga' vizeSavidhi hai kyoMki dhAtu Rdit hone para bhI vaha jaba Nyanta hogA taba hI usakI pravRtti hotI hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa bAta kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ve donoM vidhiyoM ko vizeSavidhi mAnate haiM / ataH koI kisIkA bAdha karane meM samartha nahIM hai / ve kahate haiM ki yahA~ aisI zaMkA na karanI cAhie ki Rdit ke sAmarthya se hI, Nijanta 'ghuS' dhAtu ko bhI 'aG' hI hogA aura 'Ga' nahIM hogA kyoMki 'Ga' vizeSavidhi hai / ataH 'ar3a ''Ga' kA bAdha karane meM samartha nahIM hai / 'Ga' aura 'aG' donoM vizeSavidhi haiM kyoMki Nyanta dhAtu se 'Ga' hotA hai, aura Rdit dhAtu se 'aG' hotA hai / aura Nyanta dhAtu se 'aG' nahIM hotA hai kyoMki eka nyAya aisA hai ki 'avayave'caritArthA anubandhAH samudAyasyopakArakA bhavanti' kintu isa nyAya kA yahA~ viSaya hI nahIM hai / ataH yahA~ 'R' anubaMdha avayava meM caritArtha hone se, Nyanta 'ghuS' dhAtu ke lie vaha upakAraka nahIM banatA hai| ataH Nyanta 'ghuS' dhAtu Rdit kahA hI nahIM jAtA aura to 'aG' kI kisI bhI avasthA meM prApti hI nahIM hai| yaha nyAya aisA sUcita karatA hai ki eka ke guNadharma/dharma kA dUsare meM AropaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ Rdittva 'ghuS' dhAtu kA dharma hai kintu 'ghoSayati' (Nyanta ghuS dhAtu) kA dharma nahIM hai aura Nyanta dhAtu ko saba ne dhAtvantarazabdAntara ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI hai aura sAmAnyavidhi tathA vizeSavidhi svarUpa, 'aG' aura 'Ga' meM bAdhyabAdhakabhAva nahIM hai kintu itanA hI kahanA cAhie ki Nyanta ghuSa dhAtu se 'aG' kI prApti hI nahIM hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA asvIkAra karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa nyAya ke kAraNa 'yujArdainavA' 3/4/18 sUtragata 'Nic ' vikalpa ke vyarthatva kI zaMkA na karanI cAhie kyoMki isI sUtra dvArA yujAdi dhAtu meM pratyeka vibhakti (kAla) meM 'Nic' kA vikalpa nitya hai, jabaki yaha nyAya kevala ziSTa prayoga meM prApta 'Nic' ke abhAva ko svIkRti detA hai / ataH

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281 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 98) 'yujAdernavA' 3/4/18 sUtra se isa nyAya kI anityatA dikhAyI nahIM paDatI hai aura vastutaH isa nyAya kA svarUpa hI anityatva kA kathana karanevAlA hone se usakA anityatva batAne kA koI phala nahIM hai| ___ yaha nyAya zAyada bhoja vyAkaraNa meM Nicyanit' svarUpa meM hai, ise chor3akara anyatra kahIM bhI yaha nyAya nahIM hai| // 98 // Nilopo'pyanityaH // 41 // "Ni' kA lopa bhI anitya hai| "Ni' kA lopa (vyAkaraNa meM yathAprApta ) sarvatra hotA hai, tathApi kvacit Nilopa nahIM hotA hai / isa nyAya meM 'api' zabda pUrva ke 'anityo NiccurAdInAm // 40 // nyAya ke sAtha isa nyAya kA sAmya batAtA hai / jaise pUrva nyAya meM 'curAdi' dhAtu se 'Nic' nitya hone para bhI kvacit nahIM hotA hai, vaise yahA~ 'Ni' kA lopa bhI anitya hai| udA. 'madhavo yudhi suprakampayA / ' yahA~ 'su' aura 'pra' upasargayukta, Nyanta 'kamp' dhAtu se 'khal' pratyaya hone para 'Nic' lopa nahIM hogA, taba 'suprakampi' meM 'Ni' sambandhita 'i' kA guNa 'e' hogA aura usakA 'ay' Adeza hone para 'suprakampaya' zabda hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApana 'bhISi bhUSi cinti pUji kathi kumbi carci spRhi toli dolibhya: 5/ 3/109 kA 'Sito'G' 5/3/107 se zurU 'aG' ke adhikAra meM pATha kiyA, usase hotA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-: "NivettyAsazranthaghaTTavandeznaH'5/3/111 se Niganta dhAtu ko utsarga rUpa'ana' pratyaya hotA hai / usakA apavAda 'bhISibhUSicintipUji'- 5/3/109 sUtra hai / yahI sUtra aG pratyaya karatA hai| yadi isI sUtra kA pATha, 'jAgurazca' 5/3/104 se zuru 'a' pratyaya ke adhikAra meM kiyA hotA to bhI, 'a' pratyaya ke kAraNa 'Nic' lopa siddha ho jAtA thA aura 'Ni' lopa karane ke bAda 'Ni' ke guNa kA koI prazna paidA nahIM hotA / yadi 'Ni' lopa na hotA to, usake 'i' kA guNa karane kA prazna paidA hotA aura to 'a' ke sthAna meM 'aG' pratyaya karanA par3e, kintu yaha nyAya na hotA to 'aG' yA 'a', do meM se koI bhI pratyaya hone para 'Ni' kA lopa hI hotA to, 'aG' ko Git kiyA, vaha vyartha huA aura vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda jaba 'Ni' kA lopa nahIM hogA taba, yadi 'a' pratyaya kiyA jAyegA to 'cinti' aura 'pUji' dhAtu ke 'Ni' kA guNa hogA aura 'cintayA' va 'pUjayA' rUpa hoMge, kintu ve iSTa nahIM hai, kintu 'cintiyA' aura 'pUjyA' rUpa hI iSTa hai / ataH 'aG' pratyaya karane se guNa nahIM hogA aura 'cintiyA' meM 'saMyogAt' 2/1/52 se 'i' kA iy hogA aura 'pUjyA' meM 'yo'nekasvarasya' 2/1/56 se 'i' kA y hogA / isa prakAra 'aG' ke adhikAra meM 'a' kA pATha kiyA vaha sArthaka hogaa| isa nyAya kA svarUpa hI anitya hai, ataH isakI anityatA nahIM ho sakatI / isa nyAya kA AdhAra khojane para isake lie laghunyAsa meM isa prakAra kA kathana milatA hai| 'a pratyaya ke adhikAra meM isI ( bhISi bhUSi-' 5/3/109) sUtra kA pATha kiyA hotA to bhI sAdhyasiddhi honevAlI hI thI,

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282 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) tathApi 'aG' pratyaya ke adhikAra meM pATha kiyA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki 'Ni' kA lopa anitya hai / ataH 'cintiyA, pUjiyA, suprakathiyA' ityAdi kI siddhi hotI hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'pUjyA' rUpa diyA hai / jabaki laghunyAsakAra ne 'pUjiyA', suprakathiyA' rUpa diye haiM, usakA AdhAra kyA hai vaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai / bRhadvRtti meM isake bAre meM koI nirdeza nahIM hai / isa nyAya ke bAre meM apanA nijI mata dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI vyAkaraNa meM prApta nahIM hai aura isakI koI vizeSa AvazyakatA bhI pratIta nahIM hotI hai| isa nyAya ke udAharaNa 'suprakampayA' kI anya prakAra se siddhi kI gaI hai| suprakampaM yAti' vigraha karake 'bAhulakAt vic' pratyaya kiyA jAtA hai aura zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAye hue anya udAharaNa 'cintiyA, pUjyA' ko ve iSTa prayoga mAnate nahIM haiM kyoMki usakI iSTatA ke lie koI pramANa nahIM hai| siddhahemabRhadvRttimeM bhISi-bhUSi'-5/3/109 sUtra kI vRtti meM kahA hai ki "ye dhAtu Nyanta hone se 'NivettyAsa'- 5/3/111 se 'ana' hone kI prApti thI, usakA bAdha karane ke lie 'aG' pratyaya kiyA hai|" aura spRhayati dhAtu meM 'Ni' kA lopa hone ke bAda upAntya 'R' kA guNa hokara 'sparhA' jaisA aniSTa rUpa hone kI Apatti AtI hone se 'aG' ko 'Git' kiyA hai aura ye saba dhAtu Nyanta hone se una saba dhAtu se 'aG' pratyaya kiyA hai aura sUtra meM bhI bahuvacana rakhA hai| ataH aise anya prayogoM ko bhI usameM sammilita kiye jAte haiM / ata eva 'aG' ke adhikAra meM kiye gae isI sUtra ke pATha se isa nyAya kA jJApana nahIM ho sakatA hai / aura jJApaka ke abhAva meM isa nyAya kA svIkAra nahIM karanA cAhie, aisI zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI mAnyatA hai| yahA~ 'cintiyA, pUjyA, pUjiyA, suprakathiyA' ityAdi prayoga ke iSTatva ke bAre meM carcA na karake, sAhitya meM jahA~ jahA~ aise prayoga prApta hoM vahA~ vahA~ ArSatva se samAdhAna kara lenA, ata eva isake lie aise koI nyAya kI AvazyakatA bhI pratIta nahIM hotI hai, aisA apanA nijI mata hai| yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paraMparA meM yA paribhASAsaMgraha meM upalabdha nahIM hai| // 19 // NicsaMniyoge eva curAdInAmadantatA // 42 // 'Nic' ke yoga meM hI 'curAdi' dhAtuoM ko akArAnta mAne jAte haiM / 'curAdi' dhAtuoM meM kucheka dhAtu ke akArAnta pATha kiyA gayA hai aura ve 'aGka' dhAtu se lekara 'bleSk' dhAtu paryanta haiN| isase anya dhAtu akArAnta haiM hI nahIM / ataH 'aGka' ityAdi dhAtuoM se Nic huA ho aura bAda meM usakA lopa na huA ho to hI use akArAnta mAnane cAhie, anyathA yahA~ zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne aGkaNa se lekara bleSkaNa paryanta dhAtuoM ko akArAnta mAne haiM, kintu dhAtupATha meM dekhane para 1847 'aGkaNa lakSaNe' aura 1848 bleSkaNa darzane hai, ataH unake kathanAnusAra ye do hI dhAtu akArAnta ho sakate haiM, kintu yaha sahI nahIM hai / yahA~ unakI kSati-skhalanA pratIta hotI hai| ina do dhAtu ko choDakara anya bhI 'katha, gaNa, raca. pratha, mada' ityAdi dhAtu akArAnta hai| ata: sirpha 'aGkAdInAm' kahanA hI ucita pratIta hotA hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 99 ) 283 nahIM aisA isa nyAya kA artha hai / saMkSepa meM jahA~ 'aGka' ityAdi 'curAdi' dhAtu se, kisI bhI kAraNa se 'Nic' huA na ho, yA to hone ke bAda usakA lopa huA ho to unhIM 'aGka' Adi dhAtuoM ko akArAnta nahIM mAnane cAhie aisA isa nyAya kA tAtparya hai / pUrva nyAya 'anityo Nic curAdInAm ' // 40 // se 'curAdi' dhAtuoM se yathAdarzana 'Nic' kA abhAva kahA gayA hai / ataH 'aGka' ityAdi dhAtu se jaba 'Nic' nahIM hogA yA 'Nic' kA lopa hogA taba 'adantatvanimittaka' aura adantatva ke kAraNa prApta aneka svaranimittaka kArya kA niSedha karane ke lie, aGkAdi svarUpa curAdi dhAtu ko akArAnta na mAnanA cAhie, aisA kahA hai / yahA~ zrImahaMsagaNi ne kahA hai ki "prAg NicaH sarvatra yathAdarzanamanityatvokterNijabhAvapakSe aGkAdInAmadantatA niSedhArtho'yaM nyAya: " / ina zabdoM kA artha aisA hotA hai ki 'anityo Nic curAdInAm ||40|| nyAya se yA 'yujAdernavA' 3/4 / 18 sUtra se jahA~ 'Nic' kA prathama / pahale se abhAva ho vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai, kintu vastutaH aisA nahIM hai / vaha zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA diye gae udAharaNa aura jJApaka se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / ataH zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke uparyukta vidhAna meM thor3A sA parivartana karane kI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai / "prAg NicaH sarvatra yathAdarzanamanityatvokte jibhAvapakSe 'tathA ca anyena kenApi hetunA Nilope sati' aGkAdInAmadantatA niSedhArtho'yaM nyaayH|" isa nyAya ke udAharaNa 'jagaNatu:' ityAdi rUpa meM jaba 'gaNa' dhAtu se parokSA meM 'Nic' nahIM hogA taba yadi use akArAnta mAnA jAyegA to, vaha anekasvaraviziSTa ho jAyegA, to 'dhAtoranekasvarAdAm'- 3/4/46 se 'Am' pratyaya hogA, kintu isa nyAya ke kAraNa, vaha akArAnta nahIM mAnA jAyegA / ataH anekasvaraviziSTa bhI nahIM hogA aura 'Am' bhI na hokara 'jagaNatu:' ityAdi rUpoM kI siddhi ho sakegI / 'katha, raca, gaNa, pratha, spRha', ityAdi dhAtuoM kA akArAnta pATha karane kA kAraNa itanA hI hai ki jaba ina dhAtuoM se 'Nic' pratyaya hogA taba 'JNiti' 4 / 3 / 50 se upAntya 'a' kI vRddhi yA 'laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 se upAntya laghunAmI - ra -svara kA guNa hone kI prApti hai, use dUra karane ke lie 'adanta' pATha kiyA hai / 4 isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'I ca gaNa: ' 4/1/67 sUtragata 'ca' hai / yahA~ 'I vA gaNaH ' svarUpa sUtraracanA kI hotI to bhI 'ajIgaNat' aura 'ajagaNat' rUpa siddha ho sakate the, tathApi 'I ca gaNa: 4/1/67 sUtra banAyA, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| vaha isa prakAra : 'gaNa' dhAtu se 'Nic' aura 'Nig' donoM pratyaya hone para, 'ajIgaNat' aura 'ajagaNat' aise do rUpa AcAryazrI ko iSTa haiM / yadi 'gaNa' dhAtu ko sarvathA akArAnta mAnA jAya to 'I vA gaNaH ' aise sUtra se bhI donoM rUpa siddha ho sakate haiM, vaha kaise ? prathama 'I vA gaNa: ' sUtra ke Itva pakSa meM 'ajIgaNat' hogA aura jaba Itva nahIM hogA, taba 'gaNa' dhAtu ko akArAnta mAnane se vaha samAnalopi hogA, ataH 'asamAnalope 1. dUsarI eka bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya yaha hai ki siddhahema kI paramparA meM zav, zya, znu, znA, za, u' ityAdi vikaraNa pratyaya, vartamAnA, hyastanI, paMcamI ( AjJArtha), saptamI (vidhyartha) ke pratyaya para meM hone para hI hote 1 jabaki curAdi se honevAlA Nic pratyaya dhAtu ke artha meM - svArtha meM hotA hai / ataH vaha dazoM kAla meM hotA hai / ataH use 'zav' ityAdi vikaraNa pratyaya jaisA na mAnanA cAhie /

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284 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa ) sanvad' - 4 / 1/63 se sanvadbhAva nahIM hogA aura usakA 'a' kA 'i' aura usakA ' laghordIrgho 'svarAdeH ' 4/1/64 se 'I' (dIrgha) nahIM hogA / pariNAmata: ' ajagaNat' rUpa bhI siddha hogA, tathApi 'Ica gaNa: ' 4/1/67 sUtra meM 'ca' kAra se 'a' kAra kA anukarSaNa kiyA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki 'gaNa' dhAtu se hue 'Nic' kA lopa hogA taba vaha aMkArAnta nahIM mAnA jAyegA, ataH samAnalopi bhI nahIM hogA / ata eva 'I vA gaNa:' sUtra karane para jaba usase 'a' kA 'I' nahIM hogA taba bhI 'asamAnalope sanvallaghuni De' 4/1/63 se sanvadbhAva hokara 'orjAntasthApavarge ' - 4 / 1/60 se 'a' kA 'i' hogA aura 'laghordIrgho 'svarAde: ' 4/1/64 se usakA dIrgha hogA / isa prakAra 'I vA gaNa: ' sUtra se 'I' nahIM hogA taba bhI 'ajIgaNat' rUpa hI siddha hogA, kintu 'ajagaNat' rUpa siddha nahIM hogA / ataH 'ajagaNat' rUpa siddha karane ke lie 'I vA gaNaH' ke sthAna para 'I ca gaNa: ' 4/1/67 sUtra karanA Avazyaka hai / bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai / anakArAnta 'gaN' dhAtu se 'Nig' para meM hogA taba prathama 'I vA gaNa: ' sUtra karane para usase Itva ke pakSa meM to Itva hogA hI kintu Itva ke abhAva pakSa meM bhI, 'samAnalopi' nahIM hone se, sanvadbhAva ityAdi kI siddhi hokara 'ajIgaNat' rUpa hI hotA hai / isa prakAra donoM prakAra se 'ajIgaNat' rUpa hI hotA hai kintu 'ajagaNat' rUpa kisI bhI prakAra se siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai / 'I cara kahakara 'ca' kAra se 'a' kAra kA anukarSaNa kiyA hai / ataH vaha sanvadbhAva kA bAdha karake bhI akAra karegA aura ' ajagaNat' rUpa hogA / isa prakAra 'Nic' anitya hone se, 'Ni' ke abhAva pakSa meM isa nyAya se paidA honevAle anakArAnta Niganta 'gaN' dhAtu kA 'ajagaNat' rUpa siddha nahIM ho sakatA thA / use siddha karane ke lie 'I ca gaNa: ' 4/1/67 sUtra meM ca kAra se akAra kA anukarSaNa, isa nyAya kI zaMkA se hI kiyA gayA hai / ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai, vaha spaSTa hI hai / yaha nyAya anitya / asaMpAtI hai / ataH 'prataN gatau vA' meM 'vA' zabda 'Nij' aura anakArAntatva ke vikalpa ke lie hai, aisA dhAtupArAyaNa meM kahA gayA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'vA' zabda ' Nic' ke vikalpa ke lie hai itanA hI kahA hotA to bhI calatA kyoMki 'Nic' ke abhAva meM isa nyAya se, akArAntatva kA abhAva svayaM siddha hI hai / tathApi AcAryazrI ne kahA ki 'adantatva' ke vikalpa ke lie bhI yahI 'vA' zabda hai, vaha yaha nyAya anitya hone se hI kahA hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA kA mUla kAraNa batAte hue kahate haiM ki pUrva nyAya se 'curAdi' dhAtu se 'Nic' anitya mAnA gayA hai ata: jaba 'gaNa' dhAtu se 'Nic' nahIM hogA, 1. 2. yahA~ zrImahaMsagaNi ne 'Nico'nityatvAdabhavanapakSe' kahA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai| yahA~ 'Nic' yA 'Nig' kA zuru se abhAva nahIM hai, kintu Nic yA NigU hone ke bAda usakA lopa hotA hai / yadi zuru se hI Nic kA abhAva hotA to 'Nizridrusrukama:' 3/4/58 se 'Ga' pratyaya hI na hotA / ataH yahA~ 'Nic- Nig' pratyaya karake usakA 'NeraniTi' 4/3/83 se lopa kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'Icca' kahA hai kintu sUtra meM 'I ca' kahA hone se hamane bhI 'I ca' hI likhA hai /

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 99 ) 285 taba parokSA meM 'jagaNatuH ' rUpa siddha karane ke lie, isa nyAya kI pravRtti Avazyaka hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to, jaba 'gaNa' dhAtu se parokSA meM 'Nic' nahIM hogA taba vaha akArAnta mAnA jAyegA aura to anekasvaratva ke kAraNa parokSA pratyaya kA 'Am' Adeza hogA aura 'gaNAmAsatuH ' aisA aniSTa rUpa hogA kintu 'jagaNatuH ' rUpa siddha nahIM ho sakegA / 'Nic' pratyaya kA anityatva sarvatra nahIM hai, kintu jahA~ kisI dhAtu se aisA anubaMdha dikhAyI de, jisakA Nijanta avasthA meM koI prayojana na ho, to usI anubaMdha ke nirdeza se, usI dhAtu se 'Nic' pratyaya ko anitya mAnanA yA jina 'curAdi' dhAtuoM ke, sAhitya meM 'Nic' rahita prayoga prApta ho, vahA~ 'Nic' ko anitya mAnanA / isake alAvA 'ajIgaNat, ajagaNat' jaise preraka prayoga, jahA~ 'Nic' aura 'Nig' kA lopa huA ho, vahA~ 'nimittApAye naimittikasyApyapAyaH' nyAya se Nyanta 'gaNi' dhAtu meM se 'r3a' lopa hone para 'a' punaH A jAtA hai, aura usakA lopa huA mAna lene para samAnalopitva A jAtA hai, aura 'I vA gaNaH' kahane se hI 'ajIgaNat' ke sAtha sAtha 'ajagaNat' rUpa bhI siddha ho jAtA hai, tathApi aise prayoga meM Nyanta 'gaNa' dhAtu se, 'Nic' kA lopa hone ke bAda usako akArAnta nahIM mAnA hai / ataH usameM samAnalopitva prApta nahIM honese 'I' ke vikalpa meM, sanvadbhAva hokara, 'ajIgaNat' rUpa hI siddha hogA / ataH sUtra meM 'I vA gaNaH' ke sthAna para ca gaNa:' 4/1/67 kahakara 'cakAra' se 'a' kAra kA anukarSaNa kiyA hai / isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke rUpa meM 'I ca gaNaH ' 4 / 1/67 sUtra ke 'ca' ko batAyA gayA hai / jJApaka hamezAM vyartha hokara nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / ataH 'ca' ko zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne vyartha batAyA hai, tathApi kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'ca' vyartha nahIM kintu sArthaka hai, kyoMki 'I vA gaNa: ' kahane se mAtrAgaurava ho jAtA hai aura 'I ca gaNa: ' 4/1/67 kahane se mAtrA lAdhava hotA hai / isakA samAdhAna dete hue unhoMne svayaM isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM kahA hai ki ApakI zaMkA ucita hai ki 'I ca gaNaH' kahane se mAtrAlAghava hotA hai kintu prakriyAgaurava ho jAtA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai pahale yahA~ ca kAra se pUrvasUtra meM se akAra kA anukarSaNa hotA hai, bAda meM IkAra aura akAra kA vidheya rUpa meM nirdeza hotA hai| jabaki 'I vA gaNa: ' kahane prakriyAlAghava hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai : yahA~ akAra kA anukarSaNa nahIM hai / ataH vidheya rUpa meM kevala 'I' hI hai / ataH pakSa meM yathAprApta 'I' kI hI anujJA hogI / -: aura mAtrAlAghava se bhI prakriyAlAghava mahattvapUrNa hai, vaha sabako mAlUma hI hai / ataH prakriyA gaurava kA Adara karake yA cintA kiye binA 'I ca gaNa: ' 4 / 1/67 kahA vaha cakAra pratipAdita karatA hai / ataH vaha jJApaka hai / vyarthatA 'I ca gaNa:' 4/1/67 sUtra ke laghunyAsa meM Upara batAyA usI prakAra se cakAra ko isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA hai kintu bRhadvRtti ke anusAra vaha sahI pratIta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vahA~ zAstrakArane svayaM kahA hai ki 'gaNa' dhAtu akArAnta hone se 'samAnalopi' hai / ata: sanvadbhAva yA dIrghavidhi kI prApti hI nahIM hai / ataH isI sUtra se 'ajIgaNat' meM 'I' kiyA jAtA hai / ataH yaha

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286 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) vidhisUtra hai, ataH yadi yahA~ 'ca' na rakhA jAya to Itvavidhi nitya ho jAya aura 'a' kAra nahIM hogA / ataH 'ca' kAra se 'a' bhI hotA hai, itanA kahA jA sakatA hai; kintu jahA~ adantatvakA abhAva hai| vahA~ Itva kI pravRtti svataH hone se, vahA~ 'ca' kAra se 'a' hotA hai, aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki adantatva ke abhAva meM do prayoga hone kA koI dRr3hatara pramANa nahIM hai tathA 'gaNa' dhAtu se 'Nic' ke abhAva meM adyatanI pratyaya para meM hone para ' ajagaNat' rUpa kI siddhi ke lie akAra kA vidhAna caritArtha bhI nahIM hotA hai / ataH usase isa nyAyakA jJApana huA mAna lene para bhI svAMza meM cAritArthya pratIta nahIM hotA hai / ataH lAghava karane ke lie hI cakAra se atva kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, aisA samajhA jAtA hai / ina saba dhAtuoM ko akArAnta mAnane kA kAraNa kevala Ninimittaka kArya kA nivAraNa hI hai / ata: jaba 'Ni' nahIM hogA taba ye dhAtu svataH adantatvarahita ho jAyeMge aura isa prakAra pratyeka prayoga kI siddhi ho sakegI / yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM prApta nahIM hai / // 100 // dhAtavo 'nekArthAH // 43 // dhAtu ke aneka artha hote haiM / isa nyAya se dhAtupATha meM dhAtu ke jo artha batAye haiM usase bhinna artha meM bhI usI dhAtu kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / dhAtupATha meM dhAtu ke batAye hue artha se bhinna artha meM bhI usI dhAtu ke prayoga sAhitya meM pAye jAte haiM, to vahI prayoga ucita hai yA nahIM ? aise saMdeha kA nivAraNa karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'vidhat' dhAtu 'vidhAna karanA' artha meM hai tathApi 'bIMdhanA' artha meM bhI usakA prayoga hotA hai| jaise 'zabdavedhI, vedha: / ' 'edhi' dhAtu 'vRddhi' artha meM hai tathApi 'dIpti' artha meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jaise 'purazca tavaidhate / ' 'prApti' artha meM bhI prayukta hai, jaise 'aupavastraphalamedhate / ' 'zuc' dhAtu kA artha 'zoka' se bhinna 'pavitratA' bhI hotA hai / udA. 'zuci:' / 'haMg' dhAtu haraNa karanA artha tathApi karaNa artha meM prayukta hotA hai / udA. siddhahemabRhadvRtti meM 'kriyAvyatihAre'gati - 3/3/ 23 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'kriyAvyatihAra' kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki 'itaracikIrSitAyAM kriyAyAmitareNa haraNaM karaNaM' / 'mananaM matam' 'mat' dhAtu mAnanA artha meM hai tathApi kvacit sAmya artha meM bhI prayukta hotA hai / jaise 'matIkRtA kSetrabhU:' / matIkRtA arthAt samIkRtA (samatala kI huI jamIna ) / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'takSaH svArthe vA' 3/4 /77 sUtragata 'svArthe' zabda hai, ataH anya artha meM 'tas' dhAtu se 'znu' pratyaya nahIM hotA hai / udA. saMtakSati vAgbhiH ziSyam' arthAt vaha vANI dvArA ziSya kI bhartsanA karatA hai arthAt ziSya ko dhikkAratA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'takSa' dhAtu anya kisI bhI artha meM prayukta hone kI saMbhAvanA hI na thI / ataH 'svArthe ' zabda vyartha huA aura vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai /

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 100) 287 __ yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH upasarga kadAcit dhAtu ke artha kA bAdha karatA hai / udA. 'tiSThati' kA artha 'vaha khar3A rahatA hai kintu-'pratiSThate' kA artha 'vaha prayANa karatA hai' hotA hai / vaise vasati, pravasati', 'smarati, prasmarati' yaha bAta taba hI susaMgata hotI hai, jaba 'sthA' ityAdi dhAtuoM ke dhAtupATha nirdiSTa artha ko nizcita mAnA jAya, aura vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi isa nyAya se dhAtuoM kA anekArthatva nizcita hI hotA to 'sthA' ityAdi dhAtuoM ke "sthiti' ityAdi artha kI taraha 'gati' ityAdi artha kA bhI saMbhava hone se AcaSTe, Alokate' ityAdi prayoga meM jaise upasarga ko dhAtu ke artha kA pratyanuvartaka yA dyotaka mAnA hai vaise 'pratiSThate' ityAdi meM bhI dyotaka mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai, kintu bAdhaka mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, tathApi bAdhaka mAnA hai, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ke kAraNa hI / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'viyaH prajane' 4/2/13 sUtra hai / 'pravApayati' aura 'pravAyayati' rUpoM 'vAti' aura 'veti' donoM dhAtu se 'Ni' hokara siddha ho sakate haiM, tathApi 'viyaH prajane' 4/2/13 sUtra kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karatA haiM / 'puro vAto gAH pravApayati' meM 'vAMk gatigandhanayoH' dhAtu se 'Nig' huA hai aura 'pravAyayati' meM 'vIMka prajanakAntyasanakhAdaneSu ca' dhAtu se 'Nig' huA hai, tathApi 'viyaH prajane' 4/2/13 sUtra karake 'vI' dhAtu ke 'I' kA vikalpa se 'A' kiyA vaha, aisA sUcita karatA hai ki yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'vAMk' dhAtu kA prajana artha meM prayoga karanA duHzakya hai| isa nyAya ke bAre meM TippaNa karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha nyAya jJApakasiddha nahIM hai, ataH usakA jJApaka denA ucita nahIM hai| isa nyAya kA tAtparya/bhAvArtha itanA hI hai ki dhAtu ke artha jo dhAtupATha meM batAye haiM, unheM chor3akara anya artha meM bhI ve prayukta hote haiM arthAt dhAtu meM anya artha kA bhI abhidhAna karane kI zakti hai, aura yaha zaktigraha jJApana dvArA nahIM ho sakatA hai, aisI unakI mAnyatA hai / isakA kAraNa dete hue ve zaktigraha karAnevAle nimitta isa prakAra batAte haiN| 1. vyAkaraNa, 2. upamAna, 3. koSa, 4. AptavAkya, 5. vyavahAra, 6. vAkyAMza (vAkya kA anya khaNDa) 7. vivRtti (TIkA) TippaNI aura 8. siddhapada kA sAMnidhya Upara batAye gaye 'zaktigrAhaka' meM anumAna svarUpa nimitta kA kathana nahIM hai / ataH dhAtu meM anekArthatva svabhAvasiddha mAnanA cAhie aura yahI anekArthatva kisI vyakti dvArA nizcita nahIM kiyA gayA hai kintu svAbhAvika hI hai / ataH kucheka dhAtuoM se aneka artha kA bodha hotA hai aura kucheka dhAtuoM se aneka artha kA bodha nahIM hotA hai, aisA nizcAyaka koI vinigamaka nahIM hai| isa nyAya se, kucheka sthAna para dhAtu aneka arthavAle hote haiM, aisA jo kathana kiyA gayA vaha sirpha anuvAda hI hai, svataMtra vidhAna nahIM hai / dhAtupATha meM nirdiSTa artha meM hI zAstravyavahAra hotA hai, tathApi jaba bhI anya vizeSa artha yA koI kArya kA vyAvartana karanA ho taba, usI arthavizeSa kA grahaNa bhI dhAtu ke svabhAvasiddha anekArthajJApakatva ko dRDha karatA hai / ata eva 'takSaH svArthe vA' 3/4/77 ityAdi sUtra meM 'svArthe ' zabda vyartha nahIM hogaa| aisA svIkAra karane para 'viyaH prajane' 4/ 2/13 ityAdi sUtra kA sAmaMjasya bhI svata:siddha hI hai / pariNAmataH uparyukta udAharaNa dvArA nyAya

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288 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) kA anityatva nahIM batAnA cAhie / saba dhAtuoM kA anekArthatva svIkAra karake hI 'vAti' aura 'viya' ('vA' aura 'vIMka') dhAtu kA anukrama se 'pravApayati' aura 'pravAyayati' rUpa siddha kiye gaye haiM aura usake AdhAra para hI usakI vyarthatA kI zaMkA kI jAtI hai kinta vastataH Upara batAyA usI taraha aneka artha kA abhidhAna karanA, dhAtu kA svabhAva hai, aisA svIkAra karane para, saba dhAtu, sabhI artha ke vAcaka nahIM baneMge, pariNAmataH prajanArthaka 'vi' dhAtu ke hI do rUpa siddha karane ke lie koI upAya to karanA hI hogA / ata eva 'viyaH prajane' 4/2/13 kA sArthakya spaSTa hI hai / 'dhAtu sAmAnyatayA aneka artha ke vAcaka haiM, na ki vizeSa rUpa se', aise vidhAna/pratipAdana ke sAtha 'upasarga dhAtu ke artha kA bAdha karatA hai' aise vidhAna saMgata hote haiN| jo artha niyama se pratIta hotA hai, vahI usakA artha hai, ataH jahA~ upasarga ke kAraNa dUsare artha kI pratIti hogI, vahA~ vahI upasarga usI dhAtvartha kA bAdhaka hogaa| ___ yadyapi dhAtu ke anekArthatva kA svIkAra sabhI ne kiyA hai, tathApi kisI ne ise paribhASA ke svarUpa meM nahIM diyA hai| // 101 // gatyarthA jJAnArthAH // 44 // 'gati' arthayukta (gatyarthaka) dhAtu, 'jJAna' arthayukta (jJAnArthaka) banate haiN| dhAtu sambandhita nyAyoM kA kathana calatA hone se, dhAtu viSayaka isa nyAya kI bhI yahA~ carcA kI gaI hai / 'dhAtavaH' zabda kI pUrva ke nyAyasUtra se yahA~ anuvRtti lI gaI hai| udA. 'zabdo'rthaM gamayati' arthAt 'zabda artha kA jJAna karAtA hai' / saMkSepa meM yahA~ 'gamayati' kA artha 'jJApayati' huA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApana 'NAvajJAne gamuH' 4/4/24 sUtragata 'ajJAne' zabda se hotA hai / yadi gati arthavAle 'iN' dhAtu kA 'jJAna' artha na hotA to 'nivRtti' artha batAne ke lie 'iN' dhAtu kA 'ajJAne' vizeSaNa rakhA vaha vyartha ho jAtA hai aura vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda pratyAyayati' ityAdi prayoga meM 'iN' kA 'gamu' Adeza nahIM hogA aura isa prakAra vaha svAMza meM caritArtha hogaa| yaha nyAya lakSyAnusArI hone se, kvacit isakI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai arthAt yaha nyAya anitya hai aura isakA jJApana 'gatibodhAhArArtha-' 2/2/5 sUtragata 'bodha' zabda se hotA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hI hotA to 'gati' zabda se hI gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke sAtha sAtha bodha (jJAna) arthavAle dhAtu kA grahaNa ho sakatA hai tathApi 'gati' ke sAtha sAtha 'bodha' zabda bhI rakhA hai, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA batAtA hai / arthAt saba gatyarthaka dhAtu jJAnArthaka nahIM hote haiN| bhASA meM 'gamayati, avagacchati, pratyAyati' ityAdi prayoga jJAna ke artha meM pravRtta haiM, ataH ina saba prayogoM ke mUla meM sthita 'gatyarthaka' dhAtuoM kA jJAna artha hotA hai yA nahIM ? aisA prazna paidA honA svAbhAvika hai / isake saMdarbha meM gatyarthaka dhAtu meM se jJAna kA artha kaise nikalatA hai,

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289 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 102) usakI prakriyA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa prakAra batAte haiM / isa nyAya ke bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki isa nyAya se gatyarthaka dhAtuoM kA jJAnArthatva, gatyarthatva ke anusAra hI hotA hai yA prathama gatyartha kI pratIti hotI hai, bAda meM jJAnArtha kA jJAna hotA hai / aura gatyarthaka dhAtu kA jJAnArthatva, upasarga ke kAraNa yA preraNArthaka pratyaya ke kAraNa hI hotA hai tathA upasarga kA sAmarthya sarva dhAtuoM ke lie acintya hai, aisA pratyeka vaiyAkaraNa ne svIkAra kiyA hai| udA0 "upasargeNa dhAtvartho balAdanyatra nIyate / prahArAhAra-saMhAra-vihAra -prihaarvt||" ata: 'gacchati' meM gati artha kA hI bodha hotA hai aura upasarga ke kAraNa 'avagacchati' kA artha 'usako bodha hotA hai' aisA hotA hai / ataH 'avagacchati' ityAdi prayoga isa nyAya kA viSaya nahIM hai / 'gamayati zabdo'rtham' vAkya meM preraNArthaka pratyaya ke kAraNa pratIta hotA jJAnArthatva kA. bodha, gatyarthapUrvaka hI hotA hai aura isa vAkya kA artha isa prakAra hotA hai / 'artho jJAnaviSayatAM gacchati, taM zabdaH prerayati / ' (artha jJAnasvarUpa viSayatA meM jAtA hai aura usI artha ko zabda preraNA karatA hai|) arthAt zabda artha kA jJApana karAtA hai / yahA~ 'jJAnaviSayatA' svarUpa karma atiprasiddha hone se, usakA prayoga nahIM hotA hai| pUrva nyAya kI taraha yaha nyAya bhI jJApanalabhya nahIM hai kintu zabdazakti svabhAvalabdha hI hai| isa prakAra upasarga ke kAraNa aura preraNArthaka pratyaya ke kAraNa jahA~ jahA~ 'iN' dhAtu kA jJAna artha hotA ho vahA~ vahA~ 'iN' kA 'gamu' Adeza na ho, isake lie 'NAvajJAne gamuH' 4/4/ 24 meM 'ajJAne' zabda rakhA hai| ataH vaha sArthaka hI hai / saba gatyarthaka dhAtu bodhArthaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa 'gatibodhAhArArtha-2/2/5 sUtra meM 'gati' ke sAtha 'bodha' kA bhI grahaNa kiyA hai vaha yuktisaMgata hI hai| yadi kevala 'gati' zabda kA hI grahaNa kiyA hotA to 'bodhayati ziSyaM dharmam' meM 'ziSya' ko karmatva kI prApti nahIM hotI kyoMki 'budh' dhAtu kA artha 'gati' nahIM hotA hai / yadi kevala bodhArtha kA hI grahaNa kiyA jAya to 'gamayati caitraM grAmam' meM bodhArthatva kA abhAva hone se vahA~ bhI 'caitra' ko karmatva kI prApti na hotI / ataH 'bodha' yA 'gati' do meM se kisI kI bhI vyarthatA pratipAdana karanA asaMbhava hai / ataH isake dvArA isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai / gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke jJAnArthatva kA anya prakAra se jJApana karanA saMbhava hone para bhI gatyarthaka aura jJAnArthaka kA bhinna bhinna dhAtu ke svarUpa meM grahaNa karanA parama Avazyaka hone se yaha nyAya jJApakasiddha nahIM hai athavA zabdazakti kA anuvAdaka hI yaha nyAya hai, aisA mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai / ataH anya kisI vyAkaraNa paraMparA meM isa siddhAMta kA nyAya ke svarUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| // 102 // nAmnAM vyutpattiravyavasthitA // 45 // 'nAma' kI vyutpatti ( prakRti aura pratyaya kA nizcaya ) bhinna bhinna prakAra se hotI hai|

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290 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) dhAtu, vibhaktyanta aura vAkya tInoM ko chor3akara, arthavAn zabda ko 'nAma' kahA jAtA hai| vahI 'nAma' kI arthAnusArI yA artha kA bodha karAne ke lie bhinna bhinna prakAra se vyutpatti kI jAtI hai aura vyutpatti arthAt zabda meM prakRti aura pratyaya aise do vibhAga kI kalpanA / ataH 'nAma' kI vyutpatti vividha prakAra se kI jAtI hai, aisA isa nyAya kA artha hai| udA. 'vaDavA,sRgAla, mayUra' ityAdi zabdoM kI 'pRSodarAdi' aura uNAdi, donoM prakAra se siddhi kI gaI dikhAyI par3atI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / 1. 'pRSodarAdi' se 'azvasyAmbA vaDavA, asRgAleDhi sRgAlaH, mahyAM rauti mayUraH' 2. uNAdi se 'vaDa' dhAtu AgrahaNa artha meM hai, usase 'vaDivaTi'- ( uNA-515) sUtra se 'ava' pratyaya karake 'vaDavA', 'sR' dhAtu se 'sartergontazca (uNA478) se kit 'Ala' pratyaya aura 'ga' kA Agama karake 'sRgAlaH' 'mInAti' rUpavAle 'mI' dhAtu se 'mI-masi' -( uNA-427) se 'ura ' pratyaya karake 'mayUraH' / 'sUrya' zabda bhI do prakAra se niSpanna hotA hai / 1. taddhita pratyayase 2. kRtyapratyaya se / taddhita meM 'sUra' zabda se 'mAdibhyo yaH' 7/2/ 159 se svArthika'ya' pratyaya hone para sarya' zabda hogA aura kadanta meM 'kapyabhidyodhya-sidadhya-tiSyapuSya-yugyAjya-sUryaM nAmni' 5/1/39 se sR dhAtu se 'kyap' pratyaya karake saMjJA meM nipAtana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra 'nAma' kI vyutpatti vividha prakAra se kI gaI hone se isa nyAya kI sattA pratIta hotI hai / isa nyAya kI pravRtti kevala rUDha zabda (nAma) ke lie hotI hai kintu jo zabda yaugika hai arthAt dhAtu se kRtpratyaya aura sAmAnya nAma se tadvita ke arthavAn pratyaya hokara bane haiM usakI aura samAsa Adi kI vyutpatti vyavasthita hI hai| vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / itane kSetra ke lie yaha nyAya anitya hai aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM / jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki "etacca 'adhAtuvibhaktivAkyamarthavannAma' 1/1/27 iti sUtreNa yeSAM rUDhazabdAnAM nAmasaMjJA kriyate tadviSaye vyutpatteravyavasthAnaM veditavyam / " isa vAkya kA sAmAnya artha isa prakAra ho sakatA hai| "jisa rUDha zabda kI 'adhAtuvibhaktivAkyamarthavannAma' 1/1/27 sUtra se 'nAma' saMjJA kI jAtI hai, usakI vyutpatti meM avyavasthA rahatI hai|" isa vAkya kA bhAvArtha yaha ho sakatA hai ki rUDha zabda kI 'nAma' saMjJA do sUtra se hotI ho, usameM se eka sUtra 'adhAtuvibhakti'-1/1/27 ho to usase jina rUDha zabdoM kI 'nAma' saMjJA hotI ho usakI hI vyutpatti avyavasthita hai kintu anya sUtra se jina rUDha zabda kI 'nAma' saMjJA hotI ho, usakI vyutpatti vyavasthita hI hai / yA rUDha zabda kI 'nAma' saMjJA 'adhAtuvibhakti'-1/1/27 sUtra se hI hotI hai aura yaugika zabdoM kI 'nAma' saMjJA anya sUtra se hotI hai, aisA unake vidhAna kA artha hai aura zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ko uparyukta antima artha abhipreta hai aisA lagatA hai, aura pANinIya paramparA meM donoM prakAra ke zabdoM ko prAtipadika (nAma) saMjJA karane ke lie bhinna bhinna sUtra haiM / 1. rUDha zabdoM ke lie 'arthavadadhAturapratyayaH prAtipadikam' (pA.sU. 1/ 2/45) aura 2. yaugika zabdoM ke lie 'kRttaddhita-samAsazca'- (pA. 1/2/46) / jabaki siddhahema kI paramparA meM donoM prakAra ke zabda (rUDha aura yaugika) kI yahI eka hI 'adhAtuvibhaktivAkyamarthavannAma' 1/1/27 sUtra se nAma saMjJA hotI hai| ataH 'adhAtuvibhakti' - 1/

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 102) 291 1/27 sUtra kA yahA~ nirdeza karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa nyAya ke bAre meM vizeSa vicAra karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha nyAya bhI svAbhAvika hI hai aura sAmAnyatayA zabdazAstra/vyAkaraNazAstra meM zabdoM ko nitya mAne gaye haiM, arthAt usakI vyAkaraNa dvArA niSpatti nahIM ho sakatI hai| kevala zabdoM kA arthabodha karAne ke lie zAstrakAra /vaiyAkaraNa zabda meM prakRti, pratyaya ityAdi vibhAga kI kalpanA karate haiM, aura yahI kalpanA zabda kA jaisA artha hotA hai vaisI hI kI jAtI hai| ataH jaba eka hI zabda ke bhinna bhinna artha hote haiM, taba bhinna bhinna prakAra se usakI vyutpatti hotI hai / isake bAre meM bhartRhari ne 'vAkyapadIya' meM kahA hai ki 'upAyA: zikSamANAnAM bAlAnAmupalAlanAH / asatye vartmani sthitvA, tataH satyaM samIhate // ' upAya arthAt zabda meM prakRti-pratyaya vibhAga kI, aura usake svataMtra artha kI kalpanA hI kI jAtI hai / vastutaH aisA hotA nahIM hai, kintu avyutpannamativAle (maMdabuddhivAle) bAlajIvoM ko zabda ke artha kA saralatA se bodha karAne kA yaha prayatna hai| aura yahI bAta arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra dvArA samajhAyI jAtI hai / asatya mArga dvArA hI satya kI prApti hotI hai| udA. kisI manuSya ko 'gavaya' nAmaka prANi kI AkRti chabI batAkara kahA jAya ki yaha gavaya hai / vastutaH vahI AkRti 'gavaya' nahIM hai, ata: vaha asatya hai tathApi usI AkRti dekhane ke bAda, jaba vaha 'gavaya' dekhegA, to use turata hI gavaya kI saccI/vAstavika pahacAna hogii| yahA~ eka bAta khAsa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne zabda ke nityatva pakSa kA svIkAra karake anya vyAkaraNa paramparAnusArI yaha vicAra pradarzita kiyA hai / siddhahema kI paramparA meM jaina paramparAnusAra anekAMtavAda hone se zabdoM ko nityAnitya mAne haiM arthAt zabda kathaMcit nitya haiM aura kathaMcita anitya hai| ataH jaba anityatva pakSa kA Azraya liyA jAyegA taba zabda ko vyutpanna mAnanA cAhie / vaise pratyeka zabda ke lie vyutpatti anivArya mAnI jAya to, unhIM zabdoM ke vibhinna arthAnusAra vibhinna vyutpatti mAnanI cAhie, aura yahI bAta isa nyAya dvArA batAyI gaI hai| isa prakAra 'nAma' kI vyutpatti sirpha siddhahema kI paramparA meM hI avyavasthita hai, aisA nahIM hai / pANinIya paramparA meM bhI 'vaDavA' zabda kI vyutpatti do prakAra se batAyI gaI hai 1. taddhita se aura 2. kRdanta se / taddhita se isa prakAra hai :- 'balamatizAyitamasyA' artha meM 'kezAdvo'nyatarasyAma (pA. 5/1/109) sUtra ke vArtika 'anyebhyo'pi dRzyate' se 'va' pratyaya hotA hai aura strIliGga meM 'Apa' pratyaya para meM hone para 'ba' kA 'va' aura 'la' kA 'Da' hogA kyoMki 'ba' aura 'va' tathA 'Da' aura 'la' eka hI yA samAna mAne jAte haiM / kRdanta meM 'balaM vAti' artha meM 'Ato'nupasarge' (pA. 3/ 2/3) se ka pratyaya hone para athavA 'balaM vajati' artha meM 'anyeSvapi dRzyate' (pA. 3/2/101) sUtra ke vArtika 'anyebhyo'pi' dvArA 'Da' pratyaya hone para, 'la' kA 'Da' aura 'ba' kA 'va' hokara 'vaDavA' zabda siddha hogaa| 'sRgAla :- sRjati mAyAm' artha meM 'sRj' dhAtu se 'kAlan' pratyaya hone para 'nyaGkvAdi' gaNa se 'ja' kA 'ga' Adeza hokara 'sRgAlaH' athavA 'asRg AlAti' artha meM 'ka' pratyaya hone para

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292 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'pRSodarAditvAt', 'a' kA lopa hokara 'sRgAlaH' athavA 'zRGgaM na lAti', vigraha karake 'pRSodarAditvAt' siddhi hotI hai| isa prakAra 'mayUra' ityAdi zabdoM kI bhinna bhinna prakAra se vyutpatti hotI hai, aura yaha bAta pratyeka vaiyAkaraNa ko svIkArya/sammata hai| vastutaH sabhI nAma/prAtipadika kisI na kisI padArtha arthAt dravya, guNa, karma ityAdi meM kisI eka kA vAcaka hotA hI hai, aura yaha paramparA se rUDha hI hai, tathApi vaiyAkaraNa usakI samajha dene ke lie yA usI zabda ko sAdhutva prApta karAne ke lie prakRti-pratyaya ityAdi kI kalpanA karake isakI siddhi karate haiM / ataH bhinna bhinna vaiyAkaraNa bhinna bhinna paddhati se ina zabdoM kI vyutpatti karate haiM, ataH vaha avyavasthita arthAt anizcita hotI hai| // 103 // uNAdayo'vyutpannAni nAmAni // 46 // uN ityAdi pratyaya se siddha nAma/zabdoM ko avyutpanna ( prakRti-pratyaya vibhAga rahita) mAne jAte haiN| yahA~ 'uNAdi' zabda se 'uNAdi' pratyayAnta kA grahaNa kiyA hai / 'pratyayaH prakRtyAdeH' 7/ 4/115 paribhASA sUtra se prakRti, jisake Adi meM hai aise uNAdi pratyaya lene cAhie athavA uNAdi pratyaya avayava hai aura uNAdi pratyayAnta zabda avayavI hai / avayava-avayavI meM abheda upacAra karane para bhI 'uNAdayaH' zabda se uNAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM kA grahaNa hotA hai / vahI 'uNAdi' sUtra 'kRvApAji'- (uNA-1) se lekara 1005 sUtra taka usakA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ina sUtroM dvArA jina zabda kI vyutpatti hotI hai aura prakRti-pratyaya vibhAga kI jo kalpanA kI jAtI hai, vahI kevala varNa kI AnupUrvI kA jJAna karAne ke lie hI hai, kintu 'kartA' ityAdi kriyAvAcaka zabda kI taraha arthAnusArI vyutpatti yA prakRti-pratyaya ityAdi kI kalpanA nahIM hai| ataH tattvataH ye 'nAma' avyutpanna haiM kyoMki ye zabda rUDha kahe jAte hone se anvarthaka vyutpatti karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| udA. 'paTivIbhyAm'- (uNA. 579) se 'vIk' dhAtu se 'Dis' pratyaya karane para visam' zabda hotA hai / yahA~ isa prakAra 'visam' kI vyutpatti karane para bhI, tattvataH avyutpanna hone se 'sa' meM kRtatva kA abhAva hone se usI 'sa' kA 'Sa' nahIM hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'ataH kR-kami'- 2/3/5 sUtra meM, kam dhAtu kA grahaNa karane se uNAdi sUtra 'mAvAvadyami'- ( uNA-564) se 'kam' dhAtu se 'sa' pratyaya hokara niSpanna hue 'kaMsa' zabda kA bhI grahaNa prApta hai, tathApi 'kaMsa' zabda kA pRthaggrahaNa kiyA hai, vaha hai| ataH kR-kami2/3/5 sUtra meM 'kR' aura 'kam' donoM dhAtu kA nirdeza kiyA hai kintu pratyayarahita sirpha 'kR' aura 'kam' dhAtu kA 'as' antavAle 'nAma' ke sAtha samAsa hone kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / ataH ye dhAtu kRdAdi pratyayAnta hI liye jAyeMge, aisA kahA hai| ataH 'ayaskAraH, ayaskAmaH' ityAdi meM 'ra' kA 'sa' hotA hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'kaMsa' zabda bhI kam dhAtu se 'sa' pratyaya hokara banA hai, ataH 'kam' ke grahaNa se usakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai / ataH 'kaMsa' zabda kA punaH grahaNa kiyA,

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 103) 293 vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai, aura yaha nyAya jJApita ho jAne ke bAda 'kaMsa' zabda uNAdi pratyayAnta hone se, use avyutpanna mAnakara, 'kam' dhAtu se niSpanna na hone se, usakA pRthaggrahaNa caritArtha hogaa| yaha nyAya anitya hone se, kvacit uNAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM ko vyutpanna bhI mAne jAte haiN| ataH 'vap' dhAtu se uNAdi ke 'rudyarti-' (uNA-997 ) se us pratyaya hokara bane 'vapus' zabda ke 'vapuSA' ityAdi rUpoM meM 'sa' ko kRta mAnakara, usakA 'nAmyantasthA'-2/3/15 se 'Sa' kiyA gayA hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka tRsvasR'-1/4/38 sUtra meM uNAdipratyayAnta 'nasR' ityAdi zabdoM ke grahaNa ko niyamArtha, zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne batAyA hai, vaha hai| zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne uNAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM meM vyutpatti pakSa aura avyutpattipakSa donoM mAnya rakheM haiM / ataH avyutpattipakSa isI nyAya ko anukUla hai, aura vAstava meM avyutpattipakSamUlaka hI yaha nyAya hai / ata: jaba/jahA~ vyutpatti pakSa kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai taba/vahA~ isa nyAya ko anitya mAnanA cAhie / 'naptR' ityAdi ke grahaNa se phalita/siddha honevAlA niyama isa prakAra hai -: vyutpattipakSa meM 'tR' ke grahaNa se hI napta ityAdi kA grahaNa siddha ho jAtA hai tathApi unakA puna: grahaNa kiyA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki uNAdi pratyayAnta tR antavAle nAma meM se kevala 'naptR' ityAdi ke antya RkAra kA 'Ar' hotA hai kintu anya 'tR' antavAle nAma ke antya 'R' kA 'Ar' nahIM hotA hai / ata: 'pitarau, mAtarau' ityAdi meM 'Ar' nahIM hogaa| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, uNAdi 'namtR' ityAdi avyutpanna hone se 'tR' ke grahaNa se, usakA grahaNa hone kI koI saMbhAvanA hI paidA nahIM hotI hai, to niyamArthatva kA kathana bhI saMgata nahIM hotA hai / ataH vyutpattipakSa meM isa nyAya kA Azraya nahIM karanA cAhie, yahI anityatA kA tAtparya hai| kevala uNAdi pratyayAnta nAma hI avyutpanna hote haiM, aisA nahIM hai / kvacit nipAtita 'nAma' meM prakRti-pratyaya vibhAga kA svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / ataH uNAdi ke upalakSaNa se dUsare bhI 'nAma' avyutpanna mAne jAte haiM / ( udA. SaSTi) ataH yahA~ 'saGkhyADatezcAzattiSTeH kaH' 6/4/130 sUtra meM 'STi' kA varjana sArthaka hotA hai aura STi (STyanta ) kA varjana 'SaSTi' zabda ke lie kiyA gayA hai| SaSTi' zabda kA 'SaD dazato mAnamasyA:' vigraha karake, 'viMzatyAdayaH' 6/4/173 sUtra se ti pratyayAnta nipAtana kiyA hai / isa prakAra 'SaSTi bhI 'ti' pratyayAnta hone se 'ti' ke varjana se 'STi' antavAle 'SaSTi' kA bhI varjana siddha hI thA, tathApi usakA varjana kiyA, vaha vyartha hokara batAtA hai ki 'SaSTi' meM avyutpattipakSa kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa nyAya ke 'uNAdayaH' aura 'avyutpannAni' zabdagata paraspara virodhAbhAsa ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI haMsIyukta/vinodayukta AzaMkA karate haiM / isa nyAya meM eka ora aisA kahate haiM ki 'uNAdayaH' zabda se uNAdi pratyayAnta zabda grahaNa karane cAhie arthAt unameM prakRti-pratyaya vibhAga

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294 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) hai| jabaki dUsarI ora usI nAma ko avyutpanna arthAt prakRti-pratyaya vibhAga rahita mAnane caahie| ye donoM vidhAna paraspara viruddha haiM kyoMki jo uNAdi pratyayAnta haiM, ve avyutpanna nahIM haiM kyoMki unameM prakRti-pratyaya vibhAga hai aura jo avyutpanna haiM, ve uNAdi pratyayAnta nahIM haiM kyoMki usameM prakRtipratyaya vibhAga nahIM hai / ataH yahA~ zaMkA paidA hotI hai ki uNAdi pratyayAnta zabda kisa prakAra avyutpanna mAne jAte haiM ? usI zaMkA kA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai -: uNAdi sUtra se siddha honevAle zabda meM prakRti-pratyaya kI kalpanA, zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ne kevala ziSyoM ko zabda aura zabda ke varNa kI AnupUrvI kA jJAna karAne ke lie hI kI hai / vastutaH ye zabda rUDha hone se usameM prakRtipratyaya vibhAga hai hI nahIM / ___ 'tRsvasR naptR-' 1/4/38 sUtra meM 'napta' ityAdi uNAdipratyayAnta zabdoM ko avyutpanna mAnA jAya to kyA artha hotA hai ? isake bAre meM zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM bRhadvRtti aura unake zabdamahArNava nyAsa meM batAyA hai ki tR pratyaya arthavAn hai, jabaki uNAdi pratyayAnta 'naptR' ityAdi meM tR anarthaka hai kyoMki ve avyutpanna hai / ataH 'tR' ke grahaNa se napta ityAdi kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai / usI kAraNa se 'naptR' ityAdi kA pRthagupAdAna kiyA hai| yahI pRthagupAdAna 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne svayaM uNAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM ko vyutpanna tathA avyutpanna donoM prakAra ke mAne haiM / ataH yaha nyAya lakSyAnusArI hai / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki maharSi pANini ko avyutpattipakSa hI abhimata ho aisA pratIta hotA hai / isake bAre meM carcA karate hue ve kahate haiM ki 'AyanaiyInIyiyaH pha-Dha-kha-cha-dhAM pratyayAdInAm' (pA. 7/1/2) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM isa prakAra zaMkA kI gaI hai / isa sUtra se 'pha' ityAdi vargoM ke 'Ayan' ityAdi Adeza hote haiM, vaise 'zaGkha, SaNDha' ityAdi uNAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM ke pratyaya svarUpa 'kha-Dha' ityAdi varNa haiM unakA bhI isI sUtranirdiSTa Adeza hoMge, kintu 'prAtipadikavijJAnAcca pANineH siddham' vArtika kahatA hai ki uNAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM ko avyutpanna prAtipadika mAnane se kha-Dha ityAdi vargoM ke AyanaiyInIyiyaH (pA. 7/1/2) se sUtranirdiSTa Adeza nahIM hogeN| paribhASenduzekhara meM nAgeza ne kahA hai ki maharSi pANini ne 'vapuSA, sarpiSA, yajuSA' ityAdigata zabdoM ko chor3akara anya uNAdi pratyayAnta zabdoM ko avyutpanna mAne haiN| isake bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM 'vapuSA, sarpiSA' ityAdigata uNAdi pratyayAnta zabda ke uNAdi pratyaya sambandhita 'sa' meM kRtatva lAkara 'Satva' kI prApti karAne ke lie uNAdi meM vyutpattipakSa mAnA gayA hai kintu yahI Satva 'uNAdayo' 5/2/93 sUtra ke 'bahulam' grahaNa se siddha ho sakatA hai / vaha isa prakAra :- 'bahUni kAryANi lAti bahulam' isa vyutpatti dvArA alAkSaNika kArya kI bhI siddhi hotI hai aura isa prakAra 'Satva' ke lie 'sa' meM kRtattva bhI lAyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra unako (pANiniko) avyutpattipakSa svIkArya hai aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM) siddhahema ke pazcAtkAlIna sabhI paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM isI nyAya kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|

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295 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 104) // 104 // zuddhadhAtUnAmakRtrimaM rUpam // 47 // zuddhadhAtuoM ke svarUpa akRtrima mAne jAte haiN| zuddhadhAtu arthAt dhAtupATha meM jisa varNAnupUrvI se pATha kiyA gayA hai, vahI varNAnupUrvIyukta dhAtu akRtrima kahA jAtA hai arthAt vaha 'kRta' mAnA jAtA nahIM hai kyoMki usakA yahI svarUpa kisI bhI zAstra yA vyAkaraNa ke sUtra se niSpanna nahIM ho sakatA hai yA hotA hai kintu usI svarUpa ko svAbhAvika hI mAnA jAtA hai / dhAtu hI zabda ke bIja/udbhavasthAna svarUpa hone se apane 'akRtrima' rUpa ko dhAraNa karate haiN| vibhakti ityAdi pratyaya bhI zAstra se niSpanna nahIM haiM aura zAstrakAra dvArA uccarita hone se ve bhI zuddha haiM, to kevala zuddha dhAtu kA rUpa hI akRtrima hai, usI bhAvArthayukta yaha nyAya aparyApta hai, aisI koI zaMkA kare to usake pratyuttara meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vibhakti ityAdi ke pratyaya kisI nizcita artha meM vihita hone se ve katrima mAne jAte hai| dhAtu kA zuddha svarUpa akRtrima hone se jaise 'vRkSeSu' ityAdi prayoga meM 'saptamyadhikaraNe' 2/ 2/95 sUtra se uccAra karake, 'vRkSa' zabda se 'sup' pratyaya kiyA hai, ata: vaha 'kRta' hone se usI 'sa' kA 'nAmyantasthAkavargAt....'2/3/15 se Sa hotA hai / vaise 'musac' dhAtu se uNAdi kA kita 'al' pratyaya hone para musala' zabda banegA, usameM 'sa' kRta nahIM hone se usakA 'nAmyantasthA....' 2/ 3/15 se 'Sa' nahIM hogA / dhAtupATha bhI eka prakAra ke sUtra hI kahe jA sakate haiM / ataH usameM kahe gaye dhAtu bhI 'kRta' kahe jA sakate haiM, usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / zuddha vizeSaNa ke kAraNa vikArApanna dhAtu svAbhAvika nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / udA. 'ghana bhaktau,' yahA~ 'SaH so'SThayai2/3/98 se 'Sa' kA 'sa' hogA, taba yaha 'sa' kRta mAnA jAyegA / ataH 'san' svarUpa dhAtu ke 'sa' kA 'asISaNat' ityAdi meM 'nAmyantasthA'- 2/3/15 se 'Sa' hogaa|| vastutaH 'kRta' kise kahA jAtA hai ? isake bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki sUtra dvArA vidhAna karake, jo kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'kRta' kahA jAtA hai| zuddha dhAtu kA usI prakAra se kisI bhI sUtra dvArA vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ataH zuddha dhAtu meM kRtatva kI zaMkA hI nahIM hai / ataH isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai aura zuddha dhAtu kA yahI svarUpa svAbhAvika hI hai aura usakA hI yaha nyAya anuvAda hai / yahA~ aisI zaMkA na karanI cAhie ki isa prakAra pratyeka dhAtu ke akRtrimatva kA svIkAra karane para 'SaNa (Sana) bhaktau' dhAtu kA kRta sakAra bhI 'akRta' mAnA jAyegA to usakA 'Satva' nahIM hogaa| isakA kAraNa batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki dhAtu 'kRta' nahIM hone para bhI sakAra to kRta hI hai / ataH Satva kI pravRtti meM koI bAdhaka nahIM hai| yahA~ 'kRtatva' do prakAra kA mAnA jAtA hai| 1. 'sa' svayaM kRta ho vaha, aura 2. kRta meM sthita ho to bhI vaha kRta hI mAnA jAtA hai / 'ghana' (sana) dhAtu svayaM akRta hai / ataH usameM sthita 'sa' kRta meM sthita nahIM hai kyoMki dhAtu svayaM akRtrima hai

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296 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) kintu 'sa' svayaM akRtrima nahIM hai kyoMki vahI 'sa' 'SaH so'STyai'- 2/3/98 se huA hai| ataH usI 'sa' kA 'nAmyantasthA'- 2/3/15 se 'Sa' hone meM koI bAdha nahIM AyegA aura 'musala' ityAdi meM svAbhAvika (akRta) 'sa' hone se 'Sa' nahIM hogaa| yaha nyAya anya kisI paramparA meM nahIM hai| // 105 // kvibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti, zabdatvaM ca pratipadyante // 48 // 'kvip' pratyayAnta zabda, (jo dhAtu se niSpanna haiM vaha) apane dhAtutva kA tyAga nahIM karate haiM, aura zabdatva (nAmatva) ko grahaNa karate haiN| yahA~ 'zabdatva' se 'nAmatva' liyA gayA hai aura sAmAnyatayA dhAtutva' se rahita aura arthavattva' se yukta zabda 'nAma' kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ 'kvip' kA sarvApahAra/pUrNataH lopa hotA hai, ataH upalakSaNa se pUrNataH lopa honevAle vic kA bhI yahA~ grahaNa karanA hai arthAt 'vic' pratyayAnta zabda bhI dhAtutva kA tyAga karate nahIM haiM aura nAmatva ko prApta karate haiM / 'dhAtutva' zabda dvArA sAmAnya kathana karane para bhI, 'nAmatva' se yukta 'dhAtutva' hone se, vahI 'dhAtutva' gauNa kahA jAtA hai| ataH 'zabdatva' ke upacAra se 'vRkSa' ityAdi zabdoM kI taraha 'nAmatva' bhI prApta karate haiM / ataH usI 'kvibanta' aura 'vijanta' nAma se dhAtutva nimittaka aura nAmattva nimittaka kArya ho sakate haiM / ye donoM kArya paraspara viruddha hone se, eka hone para, dUsare kA abhAva prApta thA, vaha dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| yahI bAta zrIlAvaNyasUrijI dUsarI paddhati se batAte haiM / ve kahate haiM ki 'nirukta' ke anusAra 'kriyApradhAnamAkhyAtaM, sattvapradhAnAni nAmAni / ' kriyApradhAna ho vaha 'dhAtu (AkhyAta)' kahA jAtA hai, aura sattvapradhAna ho vaha 'nAma' kahA jAtA hai aura isa nyAya ke 'dhAtutvaM nojjhanti' aMza kA artha karate hue kahate haiM ki kvibanta zabda meM dhAtutva antabhUrta rahatA hai aura vahI zabda hone se sattvapradhAna hai, ataH 'nAmatva' prakaTa rUpa meM rahatA hai| kvibanta sattvapradhAna hone se usase tyAdi pratyaya nahIM hote haiM kintu tyAdi pratyaya ko chor3akara anya dhAtutvanimittaka kArya hote haiN| udA0 niyau, luvau' ityAdi meM kvibanta 'nI' aura 'lU' zabda se 'nAma' hone se syAdi pratyaya hue haiM aura dhAtutva hone se 'dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyu'- 2/1/50 se dhAtunimittaka 'iy' aura 'uj' Adeza bhI hote haiN| yahA~ eka zaMkA yaha hotI hai ki 'nayanaM, lavanaM' ityAdi prayoga meM bhI 'iya, uv' Adeza hone kI prApti hai tathApi vaha kyoM na huA ? usakA samAdhAna dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'iyuva' vidhAna se, 'nAmino guNo'kGiti' 4/3/1 vidhAna para hai, ata: guNa hI hogA, 'iyuv' nahIM hogaa| vaise 'niyau, luvau' meM bhI guNa hone kI prApti hai kintu 'kvip' kA sthAnidbhAva karane para vaha kita hone se guNa nahIM hogA / isake sambandha meM siddhahema bRhadvRtti meM batAye hue abhiprAya ke sAtha

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 105) 297 zrIhemahaMsagaNi sammata ho, aisA nahIM lagatA hai| isake bAre meM ve kahate haiM ki "nAmino guNo'kGiti 4/3/1 sUtra kI vRtti meM batAyA hai ki 'kvibanta' zabda meM dhAtutva gauNa svarUpa meM rahatA hone se guNa nahIM hotA hai", kintu isakA bhAvArtha/tAtparya/abhiprAya kyA hai, vaha spaSTa rUpa meM samajha meM nahIM AtA hai kyoMki 'vic' pratyayAnta zabda meM dhAtutva gauNa hone para bhI guNa huA, dikhAyI detA hai| udA. 'hinoti iti vic heH hayau, hayaH' ityAdi meM dhAtutva gauNa hone para bhI guNa hotA hai aura zabdatva/ nAmatva hone se syAdi pratyaya huA hai / zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH 'nAmino guNo'kGiti' 4/3/1 se dhAtu ke guNa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, aura vaha bhI pratyaya para meM hone para / yahA~ pratyAsatti se mukhya dhAtutva liyA jAtA hai kintu 'niyau, luvau' ityAdi sthAna para dhAtutva gauNa hone se guNa nahIM hogA aisA kahanA ucita hai / 'nAmino guNo'- 4/ 3/1 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'nIbhyAm, lUbhyAm' sthAna para dhAtu ke gauNatva kA Azraya karake guNa kI nivRtti kI gaI hai, ataH 'kvip' kA sthAnivad bhAva karake 'kvip' ke kitva se guNa nahIM hotA hai, aise bhAvArthayukta samAdhAna ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'nAmino'- 4/3/1 sUtra meM 'akGiti' kA artha 'kit, Git ko chor3akara anya pratyaya para meM ho to,' aisA hone se, jisa pratyaya ke kAraNa, dhAtu ke svara kA guNa honevAlA hai, vahI pratyaya 'kit Dis' se bhinna honA Avazyaka hai, kintu 'niyau' meM 'nI' se para AyA huA 'au' 'kit, Git' nahIM hai aura 'kvip' ke sthAnivadbhAva se bhI 'au' meM "kittva Gittva' nahIM AtA hai kyoMki vaha usakA dharma nahIM hai| yadi yahA~ 'prasajyapratiSedha' arthAt 'kit, Git' se bhinna artha karane para, 'kvip' ke sthAnivadbhAva se kisI prakAra se guNa kA varjana ho sakatA hai kintu yahA~ prasajyapratiSedha nahIM liyA gayA hai kyoMki 'paryudAsa' kA svIkAra karane meM lAghava hai| ataH 'nIbhyAm' ityAdi meM dhAtu se kvip pratyaya hokara, 'nAma' saMjJA hone ke bAda hI 'bhyAm' pratyaya AyegA taba guNa kA prazna upasthita hotA hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM / usI samaya 'nI' meM dhAtutva gauNa hone se guNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| jabaki 'heH hayau, hayaH' meM 'vic' pratyaya hone para, turata hI mukhyadhAtutvanimittaka guNa ho hI jAyegA, bAda meM use 'nAma' saMjJA hogI arthAt guNayukta hI 'nAma' hogA / jabaki 'nI' zabda meM 'kvip' kit hone se hI mukhyadhAtutvanimittaka guNa nahIM hogaa| aba 'nIbhyAm' ityAdi prayoga meM, guNa ke niSedha ke lie yA to 'kvip' kA sthAnidbhAva kiyA jAya yA to gauNa dhAtutva mAnA jAya / yahA~ zrIhemacandrAcAryajI (zAstrakAra)ne gauNatva se guNa kA niSedha kiyA hai, ataH sthAnivadbhAva kA vikalpa ucita nahIM hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'syAdau vaH' 2/1/57 sUtra hai / vaha isa prakAra hai / 'dhAtorivarNovarNa'2/1/50 se dhAtu sambandhita 'i varNa' aura 'u varNa' kA 'iy' aura 'uv' Adeza hotA hai, aura isase honevAle 'uv' Adeza kA bAdha karane ke lie 'syAdau vaH' 2/1/57 sUtra banAyA hai| isI sUtra se 'u' kA 'uv' nahIM hogA kintu 'va' hI hogA aura yahI vatva syAdi pratyaya anantara para meM hone para hotA

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298 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) hai / yadi mUla dhAtu ke u varNa kA 'va' ho to syAdi pratyaya anantara nahIM A sakatA hai, kintu tyAdi hI AtA hai, kintu kvibanta dhAtu hone para usameM 'nAmatva' hone se anantara para meM syAdi pratyaya A hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyuv' - 2/1/50 meM 'dhAto:' zabda hone se nAma sambandhita uvarNa kA avyavahita svarAdi syAdi pratyaya para meM hone para 'ut' hone kI koI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM hai, to usakA bAdha karane ke lie 'syAdau vaH' 2/1/57 sUtra na karanA cAhie, tathApi kiyA hai, usase jJApana hotA hai ki jaba dhAtu se 'kvip' pratyaya hokara 'nAma' banegA taba vaha apane dhAtutva kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai aura zabdatva ko prApta karatA hai / ataH 'svarAdi syAdi' pratyaya para meM hone para ' dhAtorivarNo' - 2/1/50 se 'uv' Adeza hogA, usakA bAdha karane ke lie 'syAdau vaH' 2/ 1/57 sUtra karanA jarUrI hai / pariNAmata: 'vasvicchati iti kyani, kvipi, ' usake 'kvip' kA lopa hone para 'vasU' zabda hogA / usase svarAdi syAdi 'au' ityAdi pratyaya para meM hone para 'syAdau vaH' 2/ 1/57 se 'U' kA 'v' hokara 'vasvau, vasvaH' ityAdi rUpa hoMge / zrImahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya kI anityatA batAte hue kahA hai ki jahA~ dhAtu se kvip kRtpratyaya lagAkara 'nAma' banAyA jAtA hai vahA~ hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai kintu yadi 'nAma' se 'kartuH kvip'- 3/4/25 se 'kvip' pratyaya hokara 'nAma dhAtu' banA ho vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / ataH vahA~ tyAdi pratyaya hI hote haiM kintu syAdi pratyaya nahIM hote haiM / kintu yahI anityatA ucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai kyoMki isa nyAya kA svarUpa hI aisA hai ki jaba 'nAma' se 'kvip' pratyaya hokara dhAtutva prApta hotA hai taba isa nyAya kI pravRtti kA koI avakAza hI nahIM hai / isa nyAya kA viSaya dhAtu ke nAmatvaprayojaka 'kvip' hai kintu jo dhAtutvaprayojaka 'kvip' hai, vaha isa nyAya ke kSetra se bAhara hai| ataH 'rAjAnati' ityAdi prayoga meM nAmatvanimittaka koI kArya nahIM hotA hai aura nAmanimittaka syAdi pratyaya bhI nahIM hotA hai / aura 'kvibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti ' kahA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki jahA~ pahale dhAtutva thA, kintu vartamAna meM kvip pratyaya Ane se nAmatva kI prApti ke sAtha, usake dhAtutva ke tyAga kI saMbhAvanA hai, usako yaha nyAya dUra karatA hai / ataH usI zabda se tyAdi pratyaya ko chor3akara dhAtunimittaka kArya aura syAdi pratyaya va anya sarva nAmanimittaka kArya hote haiM / jabaki 'rAjAnati' meM pahale 'nAmatva' thA aura 'kvip' pratyaya hone ke bAda dhAtutva AyA hai / ata: 'rAjAnati' prayoga isa nyAya ke kSetra se bAhara hai / usI kAraNa se hI isa prayoga ke lie isa nyAya ke anityatva kI kalpanA na karanI cAhie / kvinta nAma meM dhAtu kA svarUpa avikRta rahatA hai / kvacit 't' ityAdi kA Agama hotA hai, kintu ve Agama honese 'AgamA yadguNIbhUtA'- nyAya se usako dhAtu kA avayava mAna lene para, usI kvibanta ko dhAtu ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura 'sattvapradhAnavAci' hone se 'nAma' saMjJA hotI hai / ata: nAmanimittaka syAdi pratyaya hotA hai kintu dhAtunimittaka tyAdi pratyaya nahIM hotA hai / yahA~ kisI ko aisI zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'chid, bhid' ityAdi kvibanta ko 'adhAtuvibhaktivAkyamarthavannAma' 1/1/27 se 'nAma' saMjJA nahIM ho sakegI kyoMki usameM dhAtu kA

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 106) 299 varjana kiyA gayA hai / usakA pratyuttara dete hue zAstrakAra ne bRhanyAsa meM kahA hai ki 'adhAtu' meM 'paryudAsa naJ' lene se tatsadRza kA grahaNa hogA aura jahA~ paryudAsa naJ ho, vahA~ vidhi-niSedha meM se vidhi hI balavAn hone se, usakA hI grahaNa ho sakatA hai / ataH niSedha kI pravRtti nahIM hogI aura nAma saMjJA ni:saMkoca hogI / anya vaiyAkaraNa, kvibanta meM dhAtutva kA hI svIkAra karate haiM / ata: vahA~ dhAtubhinnatva kA saMbhava na hone se, kRdanta ko 'nAma' saMjJA karane ke lie 'kRttaddhitasamAsAzca' svarUpa svataMtra sUtra banAyA hai| siddhahema kI paramparA meM kvibanta (kRdanta) sattvavAci hone se dhAtubhinna hai aura avikRta hone se tatsadRza bhI hai, aisA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| // 106 // ubhayasthAnaniSpanno'nyataravyapadezabhAk // 49 // pUrva aura para, donoM sthAni ke sthAna para hue eka hI Adeza, do meM se kisI eka ke sthAna para huA mAnA jAtA hai| udA. putra, mAtA aura pitA, donoM kA hai tathApi ekasAtha kisI eka ke putra svarUpa meM vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| donoM sthAni sambandhita kArya kI ekasAtha prApti ho taba do meM se kisI eka hI sthAni ke svarUpa meM usakA vyapadeza ho sakatA hai aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai (anyatara kA artha karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM "anyatara arthAt ekasmin kAle kasyacidekasyaiva vyapadezaM labhate nobhyoH|") udA. 'AG' se para 'ISi gatyAdau' dhAtu ho to, A + ISyaH eSyaH, bAda meM 'pra' ke yoga meM 'AG' aura 'I'-donoM ke sthAna meM hue 'e' ko jaba 'AG' kA Adeza mAnA jAyegA taba 'omAGi' 1/2/18 se 'pra' ke 'a'kA lopa hokara 'preSyaH' hogA / jabaki dhAtu ke Adeza ke rUpa meM 'e' ko mAnane para 'upasargasyAniNedhedoti' 1/2/19 se 'pra' ke 'a' kA lopa hone kI prApti hai kintu 'upasargasyA-' 1/2/19 kA bAdha karake vizeSavidhisvarUpa 'prasyaiSaiSyoDhoDhayUhe svareNa' 1/2/ 14 se aitva hokara 'praiSyaH' rUpa hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApana 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtragata 'pratyaye' zabda se hotA hai / isI sUtra meM pratyaya zabda na rakhA hotA, to bhI 'pratyayApratyayayoH pratyayasyaiva' nyAya se pratyaya kA hI grahaNa honevAlA thA, tathApi 'pratyaye' zabda rakhA, vaha isa nyAya kA isa prakAra jJApana karatA hai / 'dhA' dhAtu se 'vas' pratyaya hone para dhAtu kA dvitva hogA, bAda meM pUrva 'dhA' meM sthita 'A' kA isva hogA aura 'dvitIyaturyayoH pUrvI' 4/1/42 se 'da' hone para 'dadhA + vas' hogA, bAda meM 'znazcAtaH' 4/2/96 se dhAtu ke 'A' kA lopa hokara 'dadhvas' hogA, phira 'dh' kA 'adIrghAdvirAmaikavyaJjane' 1/3/32 se dvitva karane para 'dadhvas' hogA / aba yahA~ 'dadhdhvas' meM sthita 'dhva' prakRti pratyaya donoM ke sthAna meM huA hai| ataH usameM pratyayatva AyegA, to dvitvabhUta 'dhU' meM se prathama 'dhU' ke kAraNa caturthAntatva AyegA, to 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 se Adi 'da' kA 'dha' karanA paDegA, to 'dhaddhvaH ' aisA aniSTa rUpa hogA, vaha na ho, usake lie 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtra meM pratyaya' rakhA hai / usase kisI bhI nyAya kI apekSA rahita - jo svAbhAvika pratyaya hai, vaisA pratyaya para meM AyA ho, to hI

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300 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) Adi meM sthita 'gaDadaba' ko caturthatva kI prApti hotI hai / yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'dadh dhvas' meM prathama 'dh' kA 'tRtIyastRtIyacaturthe'1/3/49 se na hone ke bAda 'dadh' caturthAnta kaise mAnA jAyegA? arthAt caturthAnta nahIM mAnA jAyegA aura to Adi 'd' kA 'dh' kaise hogA ? usakA uttara dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'tRtIyastRtIyacaturthe'- 1/3/49 sUtra meM 'anu' kA adhikAra hone se, jaba taka Adi 'd' kA 'dh' nahIM hogA taba taka dvitvabhUta 'dh' meM se prathama 'dh' kA 'da' nahIM hogaa| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'dhva' ko kisI bhI prakAra se pratyayatva kI prApti hI nahIM thI, to 'daddhvaH ' ityAdi prayoga meM, vaise 'dhva' ke kAraNa, Adi 'da' kA caturthatva kA prasaMga hI paidA nahIM hotA thA, to yahA~ 'pratyaye' zabda ke prayoga se kisI bhI nyAya kI apekSArahita hI pratyaya lenA, aisA jJApana kyoM kareM? kevala isa nyAya ke kAraNa hI 'dadadhvaH ityAdi prayoga meM 'dhva' meM pratyayatva AtA hone se, aise prayoga meM Adi 'da' kA caturthatva hone kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai, aisA jAnakara, usakA niSedha karane ke lie 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtra meM 'pratyaye' kA grahaNa kiyA hai aura isa prakAra prastuta jJaptividhAna saphala hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai, ata: 'rAjAnamAkhyad ararAjat' prayoga meM 'rAjan' ke antyasvarAdi samudAya rUpa 'an' kA lopa-svaravyaJjana-ubhaya ke sthAna meM huA hai tathApi vaha svara ke Adeza rUpa meM hI usakA vyapadeza kiyA hai| kintu vyaJjana ke Adeza ke rUpa meM vyapadeza nahIM kiyA hai / yadi vyaJjana ke Adeza ke rUpa meM vyapadeza kiyA hotA to 'rAj Ni' dhAtu 'asamAnalopi' ho jAne se sanvadbhAva ityAdi hotA to 'arIrajat' jaisA aniSTa rUpa hotA, kintu an-lopa ko vyaMjana kA Adeza mAnA nahIM hai| isa nyAya ke udAharaNa ke bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne kahA ki 'praiSyaH' rUpa hotA hai aura 'prasyaiSaiSyoDhoDhyUhe svareNa' 1/2/14 sUtra, 'omAGi' 1/2/18 aura 'upasargasyA'- 1/2/19 kA bAdha karatA hai / vaha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai / bRhadvRtti meM zAstrakAra AcAryazrI isake bAre meM kahate haiM ki 'preSaH' aura 'preSyaH' rUpa kaise hote haiM ? to ve kahate haiM ki 'pra' ke bAda 'ISaH' yA 'ISyaH' Ane para 'preSaH' preSyaH' rUpa hote haiM, isake alAvA 'A + ISyaH = eSyaH' rUpa 'pra' ke bAda meM AyA ho to bhI 'omAGi' 1/2/18 se 'a' varNa kA lopa hokara 'preSyaH' rUpa hI hotA hai aura yasmin prApte yo vidhirArabhyate......' nyAya se kevala 'upasargasyAniNe'- 1/2/ 19 kA hI bAdha hotA hai, kintu 'omAGi' 1/2/18 kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai / ataH 'preSyaH' rUpa hI hotA hai| - isI bAta kA saMdarbha dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki jaba A + ISyaH = eSyaH' hogA, taba, yadi use dhAtu kA Adeza mAneMge to, 'upasargasyA- 1/2/19 kA, 'prasyaiSaiSyoDhoDhyUhe'- 1/2/ 14 se bAdha hotA hai, kintu 'omAGi' 1/2/18 kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai / ataH 'preSyaH' rUpa hI hogA, kintu 'praiSyaH' rUpa nahIM hogaa|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 106) 301 kintu yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai kyoMki yadi 'eSyaH' meM dhAtu kA Adeza mAnane para bRhadvRtti ke kathanAnusAra 'upasargasyA'- 1/2/19 kA 'prasyaiSaiSyo'- 1/2/14 se avazya bAdha hotA hai aura 'praiSyaH' rUpa hI hotA hai, aura usI samaya 'omAGi' 1/2/18 kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakegI kyoMki 'omAGi' 1/2/18 sUtra meM AG ke Adeza ke svarUpa meM 'e' lenA cAhie, jabaki yahA~ dhAtu ke Adeza ke svarUpa meM vyapadeza kiyA gayA hai| yadi AG' ke Adeza ke svarUpa meM 'eSyaH' ke 'e' kA vyapadeza kareMge to 'upasargasyA'- 1/2/19 sUtra kI pravRtti kA avakAza hI nahIM hai / ataH 'prasyaiSaiSyo'- 1/2/14 se, usakA bAdha karane kA prazna hI paidA nahIM hotA hai aura omAGi' 1/ 2/18 sUtra kI niHsaMkoca pravRtti hokara 'preSyaH' rUpa siddha ho sakatA hai, jo bRhadvRtti ke kathana se anukUla hai| yadyapi zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa nyAya kI 'taraMga' nAmaka TIkA meM vizeSa vivecana karake, aisA prasthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki 'preSyaH' aura 'preSaH' rUpa hI ucita hai, jabaki 'praiSaH' aura 'praiSyaH' rUpa kisI bhI prakAra se siddha nahIM ho sakate haiM ataH ve asAdhu haiM / kintu yadi ye rUpa asAdhu hI hote to, zAstrakAra 'prasyaiSaisyo'- 1/2/14 sUtra kI racanA hI na karate / isI sUtra kI racanA hI, ina rUpoM ko sAdhu siddha karatI hai aura isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' kA antima nyAya bhI isa bAta ko hI samarthita karatA hai / vaha nyAya kahatA hai ki 'ziSTanAma-niSpatti-prayoga-dhAtUnAM sautratvAllakSyAnurodhAdvA siddhiH' // 141 // arthAt ina 'praiSaH' aura 'praiSyaH' rUpoM kI asAdhutA ko siddha karane kA vyartha prayatna na karanA cAhie, aisI hamArI/apanI mAnyatA hai tathApi yadi zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kI bAta kA svIkAra karanA ho to 'pra + eSa = praiSaH' aura 'pra + eSyaH = praiSyaH' prayogagata 'eSaH' aura 'eSyaH' ko, 'A + ISaH aura 'A + ISyaH se niSpanna 'eSaH' aura 'eSyaH' se bhinna mAnanA cAhie, to, isa carcA kI koI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki aisA svIkAra karane se 'prasyaiSaiSyo'- 1/2/14 aura 'omAGi' 1/2/18 kA kAryakSetra bhinna ho jAtA hai| isa nyAya ke jJApaka sambandhita udAharaNa 'daddhvaH' kI bhI carcA karanI cAhie / isake bAre meM laghunyAsakAra 'gaDadabAdeH-' 2/1/77 ke 'pratyaye' zabda ko lekara kahate haiM ki pratyaye' kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? kyoMki pratyayApratyayayo:'- nyAya se pratyaya' kA hI grahaNa honevAlA hai| isakA uttara dete hue, ve kahate haiM ki ApakI bAta sahI hai kintu 'daddhvaH daddhvahe' ityAdi prayoga meM 'dhva' prakRti aura pratyaya donoM ke sthAna meM huA hai / ata: jaba use pratyaya ke rUpa meM mAneMge taba Adi meM sthita 'da' kA 'dha' ho jAyegA, jo iSTa nahIM hai, vaha na ho, isake lie 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtra meM 'pratyaye' zabda rakhA hai| isase nyAyanirapekSa pratyaya kA hI yahA~ grahaNa hogA / ataH 'ubhayasthAnaniSpanno'- nyAya kI apekSAyukta anya 'dhva' Adi kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / isa ullekha/ vidhAna ke AdhAra para 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtragata 'pratyaye' zabda ko, isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA gayA ho, aisA lagatA hai| kintu isake bAre meM vizeSa vicAra karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki isa prakAra

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302 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'pratyaye' zabda meM, isa nyAya kA jJApakatva batAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai / yaha bAta sirpha itanA hI siddha karatI hai ki lokasiddha isa nyAya kA prayojanavaza hokara, vyAkaraNazAstra meM bhI Azraya kiyA jAtA hai| / prastuta sUtra meM 'pratyaye' pada kI vyarthatA kisa prakAra hai ? isake bAre meM ve do vikalpa batAte haiM, bAda meM donoM meM doSa batAkara 'pratyaye' zabda kA sArthakya pratipAdita karate haiN| ___ dUsarI paddhati se vicAra kiyA jAya to, vastutaH 'daddhvaH' ke 'dhva' meM 'ubhayasthAnaniSyannatva' AtA hI nahIM hai kyoMki yahI 'dhva' prakRti aura pratyaya donoM ke sthAna meM yA prakRti ke avayava aura pratyaya ke avayava, donoM ke sthAna meM huA Adeza nahIM hai / yahI 'dhva' to kevala dhAtu ke dhakAra aura 'vas' pratyaya ke Adya 'va' ke saMyoga se hI banA hai| ataH isa nyAya ke jJApaka ke udAharaNa meM usako batAnA ucita nahIM lagatA hai / to 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtragata 'pratyaye' zabda kA isa prayoga meM sArthakya kyA hai ? usake uttara meM kahate haiM ki isa 'dhva' meM 'prAdhAnyena vyapadezA bhavanti mallagrAmAdivat' nyAya se 'dhva' meM pratyaya ke bhAga/khaNDa svarUpa 'va' ke prAdhAnya kI vivakSA karane para, usI 'dhva' meM pratyaya kA vyapadeza ho sakatA hai, aura isa prakAra utpanna pratyayatva ke kAraNa, Adya 'gaDadaba' kA caturtha vyaMjana na ho, isake lie 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtra meM pratyaye' zabda rakhA hai, vaha sArthaka hai| dUsarI yaha bAta vizeSa rUpa se batAnI Avazyaka hai ki zrIhemahaMsagaNi aura laghunyAsakAra ne isa rUpa kI siddhi ke lie 'pratyayApratyayayoH pratyayasyaiva' nyAya kI pravRtti kI hai, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai / yahA~ kevala 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAya se hI yahI zaMkA paidA ho sakatI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai - yahA~ 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtra meM 'dhva' zabda rakhA hai| yadi yahI 'dhva' pratyaya svarUpa aura pratyaya se bhinna anya arthavAn 'dhva', donoM kI prApti ho vahA~ hI isa 'pratyayApratyayayoH'- nyAya se vyavasthA hogI / jabaki yahA~ pratyaya se bhinna/anya 'dhva', 'daddhvaH daddhvahe' meM arthavAn nahIM hai| aura aisA arthavAn anya 'dhva' kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai, ataH 'pratyayApratyayayoH' nyAya se yahA~ vyavasthA nahIM ho skegii| to 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtra meM 'pratyaye' zabda kA grahaNa kyoM kiyA ? usakA pratyuttara dete hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki kevala arthavadgrahaNe nA'narthakasya' nyAya ke kAraNa hI 'pratyaye' zabda rakhA hai kyoMki 'daddhvaH' kA 'dhva' anarthaka hai| kintu yaha bAta bhI ucita nahIM hai, usake do kAraNa haiM 1. 'arthavadgrahaNe nAnarthakasya' nyAyAnusAra koI bhI pUrNa zabda yA pratyaya hI arthavAn hotA hai, usakA eka khaMDa/aMza arthavAn nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ 'daddhvaH' meM sthita 'dhva' pratyaya kA eka aMza nahIM hai, kintu 'vas' pratyaya meM dhAtu kA 'dh' sammilita huA hai aura 'dhva' svarUpa banA hai / isa prakAra yahA~ 'dhva' arthavAn nahIM hai tathApi 'arthavadgrahaNe'- nyAya meM ukta 'anarthaka' kI vyAkhyAnusAra bhI nahIM hai / ata: 'arthavadgrahaNe'- nyAya se yahA~ zaMkA paidA nahIM ho sakatI hai| 2. dUsarI bAta yaha ki 'gaDadabAdeH'- 2/1/77 sUtragata 'dhva' pratyaya hai hI nahIM / vaha to kevala pratyaya kA eka aMza hI hai / vastutaH 'dhvam, dhve' hI pratyaya hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 107) 303 ataH 'dhva' svayaM hI anarthaka hone se yahA~ 'arthavadgrahaNe'- nyAya se zaMkA paidA nahIM ho sakatI hai| saMkSepa meM yahA~ 'dhva' svarUpa varNAnupUrvIyukta varNasamUha hI liyA gayA hai / aisA varNasamUha 'daddhvaH ' daddhvahe' meM bhI hai / ataH vahA~ isa sUtra kI pravRtti na ho, isake lie hI sUtra meM 'pratyaye' zabda rakhA hai / isa prakAra vaha 'pratyaye' zabda sArthaka hai / aura kevala 'dhva' kA pratyayatva aprasiddha hI hai / ataH 'pratyaye' zabda rakhane para bhI sUtra kA lakSya siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai, aisA yahA~ kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu 'pratyaye' pada kA artha lakSaNA se "pratyaya sambandhita 'dhva' zabda para meM ho to", aisA karane se koI doSa paidA nahIM hotA hai / / isa prakAra pratyaye' grahaNa sArthaka hI hai, kintu anya kisI bhI prakAra se vyartha nahIM bana pAtA hai / ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai, aisI apanI mAnyatA hai / vidvajjana isakA ucita-nirNaya kareM, aisI vijJapti / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki isa nyAya kI apravRtti lakSyAnusAra hotI hai, ataH jahA~ usakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, vahA~ usakI pravRtti nahIM hogI aura vastutaH 'nAniSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH' nyAya se hI yahA~ an-lopa' ko vyaMjana ke Adeza ke rUpa meM mAnane ke lie isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| ataH isake lie isa nyAya ko anitya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| yaha nyAya anya kisI paramparA meM nahIM hai| // 107 // avayave kRtaM liGgaM samudAyamapi vizinaSTi cettaM samudAyaM so'vayavo na vyabhicarati // 50 // avayava meM kiyA huA cihna samudAya ko bhI vizeSita karatA hai| yadi vaha avayava, usI samudAya ke sAtha vyabhicarita na ho arthAt vaha avayava, usI samudAya ko chor3akara akelA na rahatA ho / aprApta kArya kI prApti ke lie yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'kusmiNa kusmayane' / yaha dhAtu curAdi hone se 'curAdibhyo Nic' 3/4/17 se 'Nic' pratyaya hogA / aba 'kusmiNa' pATha meM dhAtu idit hai, ataH Atmanepada karanA hai, kintu Nijanta dhAtu meM idittva nahIM hai tathApi usake avayava svarUpa 'kusm' meM idittva hai aura 'kusm' avayava Nijanta dhAtu ko chor3akara nahIM rahatA hai, ataH yaha idittva, Nijanta kusm dhAtu meM hai, aisA isa nyAya se mAnA jAtA hai aura Nijanta kusm dhAtu se Atmanepada hotA hai / vaise 'citraG' zabda Azcarya artha meM 'Git' hai / yaha Dittva, 'citraG' meM hI hai tathApi jaba 'namo'varivazcitraGo'- 3/4/37 se 'kyan' pratyaya hokara nAmadhAtu banegA taba samudAya svarUpa 'citrIya' se, 'citra' ke Gitva ke AdhAra para Atmanepada hogaa|

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304 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'mahIpUjAyAm' se 'kaNDvAdi' hone se 'dhAtoH kaNDvAderyak' 3/4/8 se 'yak' pratyaya hone para, 'mahIyate' meM bhI , 'mahIMG' ke Gitva se Atmanepada hogA aura ye saba dhAtu apane samudAya ke sAtha vyabhicarita nahIM haiM arthAt samudAya meM hI rahate haiM aura samudAya ko chor3akara akele nahIM rahate haiN| 'kusm, citraG' aura 'mahIG dhAtu se anukrama se jaba yathAsaMbhava 'Nic', 'kyan' aura 'yak' hone ke bAda, preraka prayoga meM Nig pratyaya hone para, ve Niganta dhAtuoM ko idittva yA Gittva vizeSita nahIM kareMge kyoMki Niganta ko chor3akara, ina dhAtuoM kA prayoga hotA hai, ataH kevala Atmanepada hI nahIM hogA kintu parasmaipada bhI hogA kyoMki 'Nig' meM ga kAra ubhayapada ke lie hai / ataH 'kusmayati, citrIyayati mahIyayati' ityAdi meM parasmaipada huA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'kusmiN' ityAdi idit yA Git kiye haiM vaha hai / yaha nyAya na hotA to Atmanepada nahIM ho sakatA aura 'i' tathA 'G' anubandha niSphala hone se na karane cAhie, tathApi kiye gaye haiM, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| . isa nyAya kI anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai| pANinIya Adi anya vyAkaraNoM meM Aye hue 'avayave'caritArthAnubandhAH samudAyeSu upakArakA bhavanti' nyAya jaisA hI yaha nyAya hai aura pUrNa samudAya ke bajAya, usI samudAya ke eka avayava meM kiyA gayA anubaMdha yA liGga hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / zAkaTAyana, vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana meM "samudAyeSu pravRttAH zabdA: avayaveSvapi vartante // 45 // " paribhASA hai kintu isakA artha siddhahema ke isa nyAya se viruddha hai / "avayavaprasiddheH samudAyaprasiddhirbalIyasI" nyAya vyADi ke paribhASApATha aura puruSottamadeva kI bRhatparibhASAvRtti meM hai kintu isakA bhI isa nyAya ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| // 108 // yena dhAtunA yuktA prAdayastaM pratyevopasargasaMjJA // 51 // 'pra' Adi zabda, jisa dhAtu ke artha meM vRddhi yA parivartana yA artha ko maryAdita karate hoM yA jisa dhAtu ke artha ko vizeSita karate hoM yA artha kA dyotana karate hoM usI dhAtu ke prati, unhIM prAdi ko 'upasarga' saMjJA hotI hai| anya dhAtu prati unhIM 'prAdi' ko upasarga saMjJA nahIM hotI hai, ataH unhIM prAdi ko upasarganimittaka koI kArya nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'pragatA RcchakA yasmAt sa pracheko dezaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'pra' 'gam' dhAtu se sambandhita hone se 'gam' prati hI usakI 'upasarga' saMjJA hogI kintu 'Rccha' prati upasargasaMjJA nahIM hogii| ataH 'pracheko deza:' meM 'pra' ke 'a' varNa kA 'RtyArupasargasya' 1/2/9 se 'Ara' nahIM hogaa| isakA tAtparya isa prakAra hai / 'Rcchaka' zabda meM prakRti aura pratyaya, do khaNDa haiM / usameM 'pragatA RcchakA' vAkya meM 'gatArtha' kA antarbhAva karake 'pra' dvArA 'Naka' pratyaya ke arthasvarUpa kartA ko hI vizeSita kiyA jAtA hai kintu 'Rccha' dhAtu kA artha kisI bhI prakAra se vizeSita nahIM hotA hai|

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24 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 109 ) 305 ataH 'pra' kA 'Rccha' dhAtu ke sAtha sambandha na hone se usako, 'Rccha' ke prati upasargatva prApta nahIM hogA / ataH 'Ar' nahIM hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'RtyArupasargasya' 1/2/9 sUtragata 'upasarga' zabda hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'prArcchati' ityAdi prayoga kI taraha 'pracheko deza:' ityAdi meM bhI 'Ar' kI prApti hotI aura yadi vaha iSTa hotA to lAghava ke lie 'prAde:' nirdeza kiyA jAtA, jisase upasarga aura upasargasaMjJArahita-cAdigaNapaThita- 'prAdi' zabdoM ke avarNa kA RdAdi dhAtu para meM Ane para 'Ar' siddha ho jAtA, aisA hone para bhI 'upasargasya' svarUpa gurunirdeza kiyA vaha, isa nyAya se 'prarcchako deza:' ityAdi prayoga meM 'Ar' kA niSedha karane ke lie hI hai / yaha nyAya nitya nahIM hai, kyoM ki agalA nyAya use anitya banAtA hai / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya ko lokasiddhanyAya mAnate haiN| jisa dhAtu se yukta 'prAdi' haiM usI dhAtu ke prati hI usako 'upasarga' saMjJA prApta hotI hai, jaise pitA-putra kA sambandha / pitA kA usake putra ke lie hI pitRtva sambandha hotA hai, aura usI putra kA apane pitA ke prati putratva sambandha hotA hai / 1 'pra + Rcchaka' sthAna meM 'RtyArupasargasya' 1 / 2 / 9 sUtra kI prApti hI nahIM hai kyoMki prastuta sUtra, upasarga se para Aye hue 'R' kA 'Ar' karatA hai / yahA~ upasarga saMjJA karanevAlA 'dhAtoH pUjArthasvati...... prAdirupasargaH prAk ca' 3/1/1 sUtra se 'pra' ko 'upasarga 'saMjJA nahIM hotI hai kyoMki isI sUtra ke anusAra dhAtu se pUrva Aye hue 'prAdi' ko hI upasarga saMjJA hotI hai| yahA~ 'RcchakaH ' dhAtu nahIM hai / prastuta zabda 'Rccha' dhAtu se niSpanna hone para bhI vaha nAma ke svarUpa meM prayukta hai, ataH usake dhAtutva kA Azraya lekara 'pra' ko 'upasarga' saMjJA nahIM ho sakatI hai| pariNAmataH uparyukta sUtragata 'upasargasya' pada, 'pra + Rcchaka: ' svarUpa sthAna para 'Ara' kI vyAvRtti karane ke lie Avazyaka hai ataH vaha vyartha hokara jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai / tathA 'prAdeH' ke sthAna para 'upasargasya' kahA hone se vaha jJApaka banatA hai, vahI tarka bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki kevala 'prAdi' upasarga nahIM haiM, kintu dhAtu 1 pUrva Aye hue 'prAdi' hI upasarga haiM, aura saMjJA karane ke bAda sarvatra saMjJA se hI vyavahAra hotA hai, na ki saMjJI se / ataH sUtra meM 'prAdeH' kahA hotA to lAghava hotA, yahI kalpanA bhI asthAnApanna hai / ataH 'upasargAdadhvanaH' 7/3 / 79 aura 'upasargAt' 7/3/162 sUtra meM 'adhvan' se pUrva Aye hue aura 'nAsikA' se pUrva Aye hue 'prAdi' meM upasargatva na hone para bhI 'upasarga' saMjJA se vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / jainendra vyAkaraNa meM yaha nyAya " yatkriyAyuktastaM prati giti saMjJako bhavati" svarUpa meM hai / donoM kA artha samAna hI hai / // 109 // yatropasargatvaM na sambhavati tatropasargazabdena prAdayo lakSyante, na tu sambhavatyupasargatve // 52 // jahA~ upasargatva kA saMbhava na ho vahA~ upasarga zabda se prAdi kA grahaNa karanA, kintu jahA~ upasargatva kA saMbhava ho vahA~ prAdi kA grahaNa na karanA /

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) pUrva nyAya ke apavAdasvarUpa yaha nyAya hai kyoMki pUrva nyAya meM kahA hai ki jahA~ 'pra' Adi, jisa dhAtu ke artha ko viziSTa karate haiM, usI dhAtu ke yoga meM hI unhIM 'prAdi' ko upasarga saMjJA hotI hai | ataH jo 'prAdi' nAma ke pUrva meM hai, use upasarga saMjJA nahIM hotI hai / ataH upasarga saMjJAnimittaka koI bhI kArya vahI 'prAdi' yA usase para Aye hue nAma / zabda ko nahIM hotA hai / tathApi yaha nyAya kahatA hai ki zAstra meM jahA~ 'prAdi' meM upasargatva kA kisI bhI prakAra se saMbhava nahIM hotA hai tathApi vahA~ upasarga zabda kA prayoga kiyA ho to vahA~ upasarga zabda se 'prAdi' kA grahaNa karanA kintu jahA~ upasarga saMjJA kI pravRtti kI gaI ho aura vahA~ upasargatva kA saMbhava ho to, vahA~ upasargatvarahita 'prAdi' ko aura usase sambandhita nAma ko upasarganimittaka koI kArya nahIM hotA hai / 306 udA. 'pragato'dhvAnaM prAdhvo ratha:' ityAdi prayoga meM 'pra' meM upasargatva nahIM hone para bhI 'upasargAdadhvanaH' 7/3 / 79 se 'at' samAsAnta hogA kyoMki 'adhvan' zabda sambandhita 'pra' ko kadApi, kisI bhI prakAra se upasargatva prApta nahIM hotA hai / 'dhAtumapasRtya arthavizeSaM sRjati iti upasargaH ' vyutpatti svarUpa vyAkhyAnusAra 'prAdhvaH' sambandhita 'pra' meM upasargatva prApta nahIM hai / isa nyAya kA jJApana ' upasargAdadhvanaH ' 7/3/79 sUtragata ' upasargAd' zabda se hotA kyoMki 'pragato'dhvAnaM prAdhvaH' prayoga meM 'pra' kA 'gata' zabda ( gam dhAtu) ke sAtha sambandha hai / ataH 'gam' dhAtu ke prati hI 'pra' ko upasarga saMjJA hotI hai kintu 'adhvan' zabda ke prati 'pra' upasarga banatA nahIM hai tathApi sUtra meM 'upasargAd' kahA, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai / sUtrArambha ke sAmarthya se hI anumita isa nyAya kI anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai aura aise koI lakSya yA prayoga bhI dikhAyI nahIM par3ate ki jisake lie isa nyAya kI anityatA kI kalpanA karanI par3e / yahA~ 'upasargAt' 7/3/162 sUtragata ' upasarga' zabda ko yA pUrNa sUtra ko bhI Upara batAyA usI prakAra se, isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki 'pra' ke bAda Aye' hue 'nAsikA ' zabda kA 'nas' Adeza karanA hai, ataH vahA~ bhI upasargatva nahIM hai, tathApi ' upasargAt' 7/3/162 kahA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai yA donoM udAharaNa meM eka ko jJApaka mAnA jAya aura anya ko isa nyAya ke phalasvarUpa udAharaNa bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'upasargAt' 7/3/ 162 sUtra meM isa nyAya kA phala batAyA hai / yahA~ zrImahaMsagaNi ne 'upasargAt' ke sthAna para 'prAdeH' kahA hotA to bhI cala sakatA thA aura aisA karane para mAtrA lAghava bhI hotA hai, tathApi 'upasargAt' kahA / ataH vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka banatA hai kintu yahA~ gaurava lAghava kI carcA ucita nahIM hai aisA kahanA samucita hai kyoMki zAstra meM saMjJI kI saMjJA kA nirdeza karane ke bAda hamezAM saMjJA kI hI pravRtti hotI hai kintu saMjJI kI pravRtti kadApi nahIM hotI hai / yahI bAta hamane pUrva nyAya meM kaha dI hai / anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne aise sthAna para 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH ' nyAya se upasargatva rahita 'prAdi' ko bhI upasarga saMjJA meM sammilita karake upasargatva animittaka kArya kI prApti karA dete haiM / pANinIya paramparA meM mahAbhASya meM bhI 'prAdi' ko kriyAyoga meM 'upasarga' saMjJA hotI hai aura vaha 'gatizca' [ pA.sU. 1/4/59 ] sUtra se kI gaI hai / vahA~ bhI isa prakAra zabda ke 'yoga meM 'prAdi' ko 'upasarga' saMjJA

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 110) 307 nahIM hotI hai tathApi nAma (prAtipadika) se pUrva Aye hue 'upasarga' aisA jahA~ kahA ho vahA~ 'upasarga' zabda se prAdi kA grahaNa hotA hai aisA, usake vArttika se jJAta hotA hai aura 'upasargAdadhvanaH' 7/3/ 79 jaisI vidhi ko anavakAza vidhi batAkara, vacanapramANa se hI siddha huI mAnI gaI hai, aisA bhASyakAra ne unhIM vArtikoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai| yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM nahIM haiN| // 110 // zIlAdipratyayeSu nAsarUpotsargavidhiH // 53 // zIlAdi pratyaya meM asarUpotsargavidhi nahIM hotI hai| 'asarUpo'pavAde votsargaH prAk kteH' 5/1/16 sUtra se apavAda ke viSaya meM autsargika pratyaya kI pravRtti kI vikalpa se anujJA dI gaI hai, yadi vaha pratyaya apavAdasvarUpa pratyaya ke sAtha samAna rUpavAlA na ho to / yaha sUtra zIla, dharma aura sAdhu artha meM vihita pratyaya ko lAgu nahIM par3atA hai, aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai arthAt uparyukta tInoM artha meM honevAle pratyaya ke viSaya meM, apavAda svarUpa pratyaya ke sAtha samAna rUpavAlA na ho aisA autsargika pratyaya bhI 'asarUpo'pavAde votsargaH prAka kteH' 5/1/16 sUtra se nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'alaGkariSNuH kanyAm' ityAdi prayoga meM 'bhrAjyalakRga nirAkRgbhUsahirucivRtivRdhicariprajanApatrapa iSNu :' 5/2/28 se 'iSNu' pratyaya hI hogA kintu 'tRn zIladharmasAdhuSu' 5/2/27 se honevAlA tRn pratyaya nahIM hogA / ataH 'alaGkartA kanyAm' prayoga nahIM ho sakatA hai / yahA~ 'tRn zIladharmasAdhuSu' 5/2/27 se honevAlA tRn pratyaya autsargika hai, jabaki 'bhrAjyalakRganirAkRg-'5/2/28 se honevAlA 'iSNu' pratyaya apavAda hai aura usake sAtha autsargika tRn pratyaya kA svarUpa samAna nahIM hai / usI kAraNa se 'asarUpo'pavAde-'5/1/16 se vikalpa se tRn pratyaya hone kI prApti hai kintu yaha nyAya usakA niSedha karatA hai| 'bhUSAkrodhArthajusRgRdhijvalazucazcAnaH' 5/2/42 sUtra meM 'ca' se 'pad' dhAtu kA anukarSaNa isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yaha sUtra 'pad' thAtu se 'ana' pratyaya karatA hai, kintu vahI 'ana' pratyaya, 'pad' dhAtu idit hone se 'iGinto vyaJjanAdyantAt' 5/2/44 se honevAlA hI hai tathApi yahA~ 'ca' se usakA anukarSaNa kiyA, usase jJApita hotA hai ki zIlAdipratyaya meM asarUpavidhi nahIM hotI hai| vaha isa prakAra -: yahA~ 'laSapatapadaH' 5/2/41 se honevAle ukaN pratyaya se 'ana' kA bAdha honevAlA hai kintu 'asarUpo'pavAde-'5/1/16 se utsarga 'ana' pratyaya kI anujJA dI gaI hai, ataH 'iGito vyaJjanAdyantAt' 5/2/44 se 'ana' ho sakatA hai aura usake bAdha kA koI saMbhava nahIM hai tathApi 'ca' se 'pad' dhAtu kA anukarSaNa karake 'ana' pratyaya kiyA vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai / ataH zIlAdi artha meM 'zRkamagamahanavRSabhUstha ukaNa' 5/2/40 se 'ukaN' pratyaya hokara AgAmukaH' hotA hai vaise usI artha meM utsarga 'tRRn zIla-'5/2/27 se 'tRn' 1. 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke mUla pATha meM 'zIlAdipratyayeSu' svarUpa sAmAsika pada hai, jabaki zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ke 'nyAya-samuccaya' meM 'zIlAdiSu pratyayeSu' pATha hai|

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308 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) pratyaya bhI hokara 'AgantA' rUpa hogA / isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApaka 'na NiGyasUdadIpadIkSaH' 5/2/45 sUtragata 'dIpa' dhAtu hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hI hotA to, apavAdasvarUpa 'smyajasahiMsadIpakampakamanamo raH' 5/2/79 se honevAle 'ra' ke vidhAna se hI zIlAdi artha meM 'iGito vyaJjanAdyantAt' 5/2/44 se honevAle autsargika 'ana' pratyaya kA bAdha ho jAtA hai / ataH usake lie 'na Ni GyasU-' 5/2/45 sUtra meM 'dIpa' kA grahaNa karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI / yahA~ aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki 'asarUpo'pavAde-'5/1/16 se autsargika ana pratyaya hone kI saMbhAvanA hai, usakA niSedha karane ke lie 'na NiGyasU-' 5/2/45 meM dIpa kA grahaNa kiyA hai kyoMki yahI nyAya hI usakA (asarUpavidhi kA) niSedha karatA hai| ataH isa nyAya kI anityatA ke kAraNa hI 'zIlAdi' pratyaya meM kvacit asarUpavidhi ho jAtI hai, ataH 'syajasahiMsa-'5/2/79 se honevAle 'ra' ke viSaya meM autsargika 'ana' pratyaya na ho, usake lie 'na NiGyasUda-'5/2/45 meM 'dIpa' kA grahaNa kiyA hai| yaha nyAya kevala zIlAdi artha meM honevAle pratyaya meM hI paraspara asarUpavidhi kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai, kintu zIlAdi artha meM hue apavAdasvarUpa pratyaya kA, anya sAmAnya (zIlAdi pratyaya se bhinna) autsargika pratyaya ke sAtha, usakI asarUpavidhi kA niSedha karatA hai / usakA jJApana karane ke lie zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya kA dasarA artha isa prakAra kahA hai| jahA~ zIlAdi pratyaya hotA hai, vahA~ sAmAnyatayA kartA ityAdi artha meM honevAle autsargika kRtpratyaya, asarUpavidhi se prApta hone para bhI nahIM hote haiM / ataH 'alaGkariSNuH' ityAdi prayoga meM zIlAdi artha meM 'bhrAjyalakRg'- 5/2/28 se 'iSNu' pratyaya ke sAtha sAmAnyatayA kartA artha meM 'NakatRcau' 5/1/48 se honevAlA 'Naka' pratyaya nahIM hogaa| ataH zIlAdi artha meM 'alaGkArakaH' prayoga nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa artha kA jJApana 'zIlAdi' artha meM 'parivAdakaH' rUpa kI siddhi karane ke lie 'vAdezca NakaH' 5/2/67 se 'NakaH' kA vizeSa vidhAna kiyA, usase hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai -: 'parivAdakaH' meM sAmAnya artha meM vihita 'Nakatacau' 5/1/48 se 'Naka' siddha hI thA / tathApi 'vAdezca NakaH' 5/2/67 se zIlAdi artha meM vizeSa vidhAna kiyA / yadi zIlAdi artha meM honevAle 'tRn' Adi pratyaya ke viSaya meM, sAmAnya artha meM vihita 'Naka' pratyaya (Nakatacau 5/1/48) 'asarUpo'pavAde-'5/1/16 se honevAlI asarUpavidhi se hotA to, 'Naka' pratyaya ke lie 'vAdezca NakaH' 5/2/67 sUtra kyoM kiyA jAya ? arthAt na kiyA jAya, tathApi sUtraracanA kI, usase jJAta hotA hai ki 'NakatRcau' 5/1/48 se sAmAnya kartA ityAdi artha meM honevAle 'Naka' pratyaya ke sAtha honevAlI 'asarUpavidhi' kA bhI yaha nyAya niSedha karatA hai / ataH 'NakatRcau' 5/1/48 se 'parivAdakaH' meM zIlAdi artha meM 'Naka' pratyaya nahIM hogA / ata: usakA vizeSa vidhAna karanA Avazyaka hai| kintu isa nyAya kA yahI artha anitya hone se kvacit zIlAdi artha meM, sAmAnya artha meM vihita autsargika kRtpratyaya bhI hotA hai / udA. 'kAmakrodhau manuSyANAM khAditArau vRkAviva' / yahA~

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 111) 309 'nindahiMsaklizakhAda'- 5/2/68 se zIlAdi artha meM honevAle 'Naka' pratyaya ke viSaya meM sAmAnya kartA artha meM honevAlA 'tRc' pratyaya 'NakatRcau' 5/1/48 se huA hai| yahA~ kisI ko AzaMkA ho sakatI hai ki yaha 'tRca' nahIM hai kintu zIlAdi artha meM honevAlA 'tRn' pratyaya hai| isakA samAdhAna dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yahA~ 'tRn' nahIM hai kintu 'tRc' hI hai kyoMki yadi 'tRn' hotA to 'tRnnudantAvyayakvasvAnAtRz-zatRGiNakac-khalarthasya' 2/2/90 se 'tRn' ke karma ko SaSThI kA niSedha huA hai ataH 'manuSyANAM' meM SaSThI kA prayoga na karanA cAhie, kintu yahA~ SaSThI kA prayoga hai isase sUcita hotA hai ki yahA~ tRc' hI hai, 'tRn' nahIM hai aura yahA~ aisI bhI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki yahA~ zIlAdi artha hI nahIM hai kyoMki zIlAdi artha ke alAvA manuSya ko khAne ke svabhAvayukta varu kI upamA samucita nahIM lagatI hai| isa nyAya ke isI dUsare artha ko zrIlAvaNyasUrijI lakSyAnurodhi mAnate haiM / ataH kvacit isI artha kA Azraya nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, aisA svIkAra karanA cAhie kintu isa nyAya ke isa artha kI anityatA batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, aisI unakI mAnyatA hai| yadyapi zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne batAye hue 'ca' jJApaka ke bAre meM vizeSa rUpa se vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ne use jJApaka mAnA hai kintu vaha anya vaiyAkaraNa kI mAnyatAnusAra ho, aisA lagatA hai / jJApaka hamezAM vyartha hokara nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai, kintu yahA~ 'ca' se 'pad' dhAtu kA anukarSaNa kiyA hai vaha sahetuka aura sArthaka hai| unake apane matAnusAra 'iGito vyaJjanAdyantAt' 5/2/44 se akarmaka dhAtu se 'ana' pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA hai| jabaki yahA~ 'bhUSAkrodhArtha'- 5/ 2/42 meM 'ca' se 'pad' kA anukarSaNa sakarmaka 'pad' dhAtu se 'ana' karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai| ata: vaha jJApaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| kintu anya vaiyAkaraNoM kI mAnyatA kA unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai / ataH unakI mAnyatAnusAra 'iGito vyaJjanAdyantAt' 5/2/44 meM sakarmaka dhAtu hai / ataH yahA~ 'ca' se 'pad' ke anukarSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, tathApi anukarSaNa kiyA vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kA jJApana karatA hai aura usI jJApana ke sAtha hI zAstrakAra ne svayaM isa nyAya kI anityatA aura usake phalasvarUpa 'gantA, AgAmukaH, bhavitA, bhAvukaH' ityAdi prayoga bhI batA diye haiN| yadyapi yahA~ isa nyAya kA artha itanA hI hotA hai ki apavAdasvarUpa zIlAdi pratyaya ke viSaya meM autsargika zIlAdi pratyaya nahIM hote haiM, tathApi 'yadi bAdhaka pramANa na ho to vahI pramANa sAmAnya ko bhI sammilita kara lete haiN|' usI nyAya se sAmAnyatayA zIlAdi artha meM asarUpavidhi kA niSedha jJApita hotA hai / aisA svIkAra na karane para 'alaGkArakaH' ityAdi prayoga kA niSedha karanA asaMbhava ho jAtA hai| yaha nyAya vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, paribhASApATha, zAkaTAyana, jainendra aura siddhahema ke pazcAtkAlIna sabhI paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM hai / // 111 // tyAdiSvanyo'nyaM nAsarUpavidhiH // 54 // 'tyAdi' pratyaya meM paraspara asarUpavidhi nahIM hotI hai|

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310 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) jahA~ utsarga-svarUpa 'tyAdi' vibhakti kA viSaya ho, vahA~ yadi apavAda-svarUpa tyAdi vibhakti honevAlI ho to, usI apavAda-svarUpa 'tyAdi' vibhakti ke sthAna meM autsargika 'tyAdi' vibhakti vikalpa se nahIM hotI hai| 'asarUpo'pavAde votsargaH prAk kte:'5/1/16 sUtra se asarUpavidhi kI anujJA dI gaI hai aura isI sUtra kI pravRtti 'striyAM ktiH' 5/3/91 sUtra taka hotI hai / aura vahA~ taka, kucheka sUtra meM apavAda svarUpa tyAdi vibhakti kA vidhAna hai, to usI viSaya meM yaha asarUpavidhi ho sake yA nahIM? aisI AzaMkA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| yaha nyAya tyAdi sambandhita asarUpavidhi kA niSedha karatA hai| udA. 'smarasi caitraH ! kazmIreSu vatsyAmaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'ayadi smRtyarthe bhaviSyantI' 5/ 2/9 se 'bhaviSyantI' hotI hai, vaha apavAda hai, usI viSaya meM 'anadyatane hastanI' 5/2/7 se honevAlI autsargika tyAdi (zastanI), 'asarUpo'pavAde-'5/1/16 se prApta hai| tathApi nahIM hogii| isa nyAya meM 'anyonya' zabda rakhA hai, ataH tyAdivibhakti meM hI paraspara asarUpavidhi kA niSedha hotA hai kintu usI artha meM honevAle 'kRtpratyaya' ke sAtha asarUpavidhi kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai| ataH usI artha meM kRtpratyaya hokara 'kRdanta' bhI banate haiN| udA. 'upazuzrAva' ityAdi meM 'zrusadavasbhyaH parokSA vA' 5/2/1 se parokSA vibhakti hotI hai aura usI parIkSA ke viSaya meM utsarga-svarUpa 'kta' Adi pratyaya hokara 'upazrutaH, upazrutavAn' ityAdi prayoga hoNge| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'zrusadavasbhyaH parokSA vA' 5/2/1 sUtragata 'vA' zabda hai / usI 'vA' zabda se vikalpa ke pakSa meM jaba parokSA nahIM hogI, taba yathAyogya 'adyatanI' yA 'hyastanI' ke pratyaya karane ke lie hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'asarUpo'pavAde-'5/1/16 se yathAyogya autsargika adyatanI yA zastanI honevAlI hI hai, ataH usake lie sUtra meM 'vA' zabda rakhane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, tathApi 'vA' zabda rakhA, usase jJApana hotA hai ki isa nyAya se 'zrRsadavasbhyaH ' 5/2/1 se honevAlI apavAdasvarUpa parokSA se autsargika adyatanI aura hyastanI kA avazya bAdha hogA / ataH usake vikalpa meM yathAyogya adyatanI yA zastanI karane ke lie 'zrusadavasbhyaH parokSA vA' 5/2/1 sUtra meM 'vA' zabda rakhA hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai / yaha nyAya aura usake pUrva kA nyAya 'asarUpo'pavAde votsargaH prAka kteH' 5/1/16 ke apavAda haiN| yahA~ kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki pUrva nyAya meM hI 'tyAdiSu ca' zabda rakhakara, isa nyAya kA kathana kara diyA hotA to isake lie pRthak nyAya banAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha pAtI / usakA pratyuttara isa prakAra hai -: pUrva nyAya zIlAdi artha meM honevAle apavAdarUpa pratyaya ke viSaya meM, zIlAdi artha meM honevAle autsargika 'tRn' ityAdi pratyaya aura zIlAdi artha ko chor3akara, sAmAnya kartA ityAdi artha meM honevAle 'Naka, tRc' ityAdi pratyaya ke sAtha, asarUpavidhi kA niSedha karatA hai, jabaki yaha nyAya kevala 'tyAdi' vibhakti ke pratyaya meM hI paraspara apavAda svarUpa 'tyAdi' pratyaya ke viSaya meM 'asarUpo'pavAde'- 5/1/16 se honevAle autsargika tyAdi pratyaya kA hI niSedha karatA

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 112) 311 hai kintu usI artha meM honevAle anya kRtyapratyaya kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai aura usake lie hI isa nyAya meM 'anyo'nya' zabda rakhA hai| yadi isa nyAya ko pUrvanyAya meM sammilita kiyA jAya to nyAya kA svarUpa isa prakAra kA hogA - 1 'zIlAdiSu pratyayeSu tyAdiSu ca nAsarUpotsargavidhiH' yA 2 'zIlAdiSu pratyayeSu tyAdiSu cAnyo'nyaM nAsarUpotsargavidhiH' prathama svarUpa mAnya karane para apavAda svarUpa tyAdi vibhakti dvArA, usI artha meM honevAle anya autsargika kRt pratyaya kA bhI niSedha ho jAtA hai, jo iSTa nahIM hai| dvitIya svarUpa mAnya karane para apavAda-svarUpa zIlAdi pratyaya dvArA, zIlAdi artha meM honevAle autsargika 'tRn' ityAdi kA hI bAdha hogA, kintu sAmAnya kartA ityAdi artha meM honevAle 'Naka, tRc' ityAdi kA bAdha nahIM hogA / ataH pUrva nyAya 'anyo'nya' zabda se rahita hI cAhie, jabaki isa nyAya meM 'anyo'nya' zabda kI vizeSataH AvazyakatA hai / ataH donoM nyAyoM ko pRthak karanA jarUrI hai| isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda, 'vA''kAGkSAyAm' 5/2/10, 'ha-zazcad yugAntaHpracchaye hyastanI ca' 5/2/13, 'vA'dyatanI purAdau' 5/2/15 ityAdi sUtra meM 'vA' zabda sArthaka hogA anyathA 'asarUpo'pavAde'- 5/1/16 se hI autsargika tyAdi pratyaya kI pravRtti honevAlI thI hI, to yahI 'vA' zabda sarvatra vyartha hI hotA, ataH yahI pratyeka 'vA' zabda, isa nyAya kA jJApaka bana sakatA hai| bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki yahI 'vA' zabda kA grahaNa, vibhakti meM asarUpavidhi kA niSedha karane ke lie hai / yadyapi yahA~ sAmAnya se 'vibhaktiSu' zabda rakhA hai, kintu 'tyAdi' zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, tathApi asarUpavidhi kA adhikAra 'striyAM ktiH' 5/3/91 sUtra taka hI hai aura vahA~ taka tyAdi kA hI saMbhava hai / ataH bRhadvRtti ke zabda dvArA isa nyAya ke astitva kA svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| __ yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paramparA meM nahIM hai kyoMki vahA~ kRdanta ke sAtha-bIca meM zAyada tyAdi pratyayoM kA vidhAna hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai| // 112 // strIkhalanA alo bAdhakAH striyAH khalanau // 55 // ___ strI pratyaya, 'khal' pratyaya aura 'anaT' pratyaya, usI viSaya meM honevAle 'ala' pratyaya ke bAdhaka banate haiM aura 'khal' aura 'anaT' pratyaya strIpratyaya ke bAdhaka banate haiN| ___ 'striyAM ktiH' 5/3/91 sUtra ke adhikAra meM Aye hue 'kti, kyap, za, ya, a, aG, ana, kvip, , iJ, ani, Naka' ityAdi pratyaya strIpratyaya kahe jAte haiM / 'ana' se anaT pratyaya lenaa| 'asarUpo'pavAde-'5/1/16 meM kahe gaye 'prAkkteH ' zabda se 'striyAM ktiH' 5/3/91 sUtra se pUrva Aye hue kRtpratyayoM meM 'asarUpavidhi' kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| jabaki agale/bAda ke pratyayoM meM 'sparddha' 7/4/119 sUtra se vyavasthA karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / (yahA~ isa nyAya se bAda meM Aye hue 'strI pratyaya, khal pratyaya, anaT pratyaya' aura 'al' pratyaya meM bAdhyabAdhakabhAva kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai / yaha nyAya spardhAmUlaka hI hai, ata: 'sparddha' 7/4/119 sUtra ke prapaMca rUpa hai / yahA~ 'para' zabda kA pAThakRta paratva aura iSTatvarUpa paratva artha kiyA gayA hai / ataH 'para' zabda meM iSTa ho aise For Private &Personal.Use Only

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312 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) pUrva kA bhI samAveza hotA hai / kahA~, kauna sI vidhi iSTa hai, usake lie lakSyAnusAra, zAstrakAra dvArA kI gaI vyAkhyA kA hI svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai|) isa nyAya ke phalasvarUpa 'cayanaM citiH' ityAdi prayogoM meM striyAM ktiH' 5/3/91 se kti pratyaya aura 'yuvarNavRdRvazaraNagamRdgrahaH' 5/3/28 se 'al' pratyaya hone kI prApti hai / yahA~ 'kti'strIpratyaya para hai, ata: usase 'al' kA bAdha hogA aura 'citiH' rUpa hogA / _ 'duHkhena cIyate duzcayam' ityAdi prayoga meM 'duHsvISataH kRcchrAkRcchrArthAt khal' 5/3/139 se 'khal' pratyaya aura 'yuvarNavRdRvazaraNa'- 5/3/28 se 'al' pratyaya kI prApti hai / ina donoM meM 'khal' pratyaya para hai, ata: 'khal' hogA aura 'duzcayam' rUpa siddha hogaa| 'palAzAni zAtyante'nena iti palAzazAtano daNDaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'karaNAdhAre' 5/3/ 129 se 'anaT' aura 'yuvarNavRdR-' 5/3/28 se 'al' hone kI prApti hai, kintu 'anaTa' para hone se, vaha 'al' kA bAdha karegA aura 'anaT' hokara 'palAzazAtano daNDaH' prayoga hogaa| ___'duHkhena bhidyate durbhedA bhUH' prayoga meM 'striyAM ktiH' 5/3/91 se 'kti' aura duHsvISata: - 5/3/139 se 'khal' hone kI prApti hai, usameM 'khal' para hone se, 'khal' pratyaya hI hogA / 'saktavo dhIyante'syAm iti saktudhAnI' ityAdi meM 'kti' aura 'anaT' kI prApti hai, usameM 'anaT' para hone se vahI hogaa| vastutaH isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai kyoMki uparyukta sabhI udAharaNoM meM 'sparddha' 7/4/119 se hI kAma cala sakatA hai, aura pratyeka sthAna meM 'para' sUtra hI balavAn hai arthAta paratvaviziSTa vyavasthA hI hai tathApi katpratyaya ke viSaya meM 'sparddha'7/4/119 paribhASA kA naiyatva nahIM hai, ataH bAdhyabAdhakabhAva kI vyavasthA kA sUcana karane ke lie isa nyAya kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi isa nyAya kI anityatA batAte hue kahate haiM ki 'jayaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'kti' aura 'al' donoM kI prApti hai aura usameM 'kti' kA vidhAna para hai tathApi 'yuvarNavRdRvazaraNa'5/3/28 se 'al' pratyaya hokara 'jayaH' siddha hogA aura 'ziraso'rdanaM ziro'tiH' ityAdi meM 'kti' aura 'anaT' do meM se 'anaT' para hone para bhI vaha nahIM hogA aura 'kti' pratyaya hI hogaa| A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa nyAya ko anitya mAnane ke bajAya/khilApha lakSyAnusArI mAnA hai| ataH kahIM kadAcit isa nyAya kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai aura 'para' zabda kA iSTa artha karake pUrva sthita 'al' aura 'kti' pratyaya karake anukrama se 'jayaH' aura 'ziro'tiH' rUpa siddha kiye gaye haiN| zrIhemahaMsagaNi 'aisI vyavasthA karane kA koI prayatna nahIM kiyA hai use isa nyAya kA jJApaka mAnate haiN| isa nyAya ke bAre meM vizeSa vicAra karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki nyAya pratyeka vyAkaraNa meM samAna hote haiM / ata: jisa vyAkaraNa meM 'al' pratyaya se pUrva 'strI pratyaya' kA vidhAna kiyA ho vahA~ 'sparddha' 7/4/119 paribhASA se vyavasthA karanA asaMbhava hone se, usake lie, isa nyAya kA svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai aura yahI bAta zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI mAnyatAnusAra hai kyoMki unhoMne

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 113) 313 isa nyAya ko 'sparddha' 7/4/119 paribhASA kA prapaMca kahA hai kintu vastutaH spardhAmUlaka yahI vyavasthA, isa nyAya ke binA saMbhava hI nahIM hai kyoMki para se nitya, nitya se antaraGga, aura antaraGga se bhI apavAda balavAn hotA hai / isI paristhiti meM sAmAnya aura vizeSabhAvamUlaka, bAdhyabAdhakabhAva kI AzaMkA paidA hotI hai, use dUra karake paratvaviziSTa vyavasthA kA yahA~ Azraya karanA, aisA batAne ke lie isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA hai hii| yaha nyAya isa prakAra kahIM bhI batAyA nahIM hai kevala zrImAnazarmakRta bRhatparibhASA-TippaNi meM 'ktalyuTatumunkhalartheSu vA'sarUpavidhirnAsti' nyAya pAyA jAtA hai| // 113 // yAvatsaMbhavastAvadvidhiH // 56 // jaba taka kisI sUtra yA nyAya kI pravRtti karane/hone kA saMbhava ho taba taka (eka se adhikabAra) usI sUtra yA nyAya kI pravRtti karanA cAhie yA ho sakatI hai aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai/batAtA hai| saMbhava kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki jaba taka kisI nimitta yA kAraNa se, sUtra yA nyAya kI pravRtti kA vyAghAta na ho, taba taka usI sUtra yA nyAya kI pravRtti karanA / arthAt kisI sUtra yA nyAya kI pravRtti eka bAra ho gaI hai aisA vicAra karake puna: usakI pravRtti na ho, aisA vicAra nahIM karanA, kintu jaba saMbhava kA kisI bhI nimitta se vyAghAta ho taba, usI nyAya yA sUtra kI pravRtti nahIM karanA, aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai| sUtra kI pravRtti isa prakAra hai -: udA. 'tvaka' yahA~ 'adIrghAdvirAmaikavyaJjane' 1/3/32 se virAmanimittaka 'k' kA dvitva ho kara "tvakk' rUpa hogA, bAda meM punaH usI sUtra se, para meM Aye hue ekavyaJjananimitta rUpa 'k' ke kAraNa pUrva 'ka' kA dvitva hogA aura 'tvakkk ' svarUpa tIna 'k' se yukta rUpa hogA, usI meM bIca ke 'k' kA 'dhuTo dhuTi sve vA' 1/3/48 se lopa hogA / bAda meM puna: Adya 'k' kA dvitva prApta hone para bhI nahIM hogA kyoMki aisA karane para dvitva, lup aura dvitva-svarUpa prakriyA hotI hI rahegI aura kriyA ke anuparama ke kAraNa rUpa pariniSThita nahIM ho skegaa| isa prakAra kriyA ke anuparama svarUpa vyAghAta ke kAraNa 'adIrghAdvirAmaikavyaJjane' 1/3/32 sUtra kI pravRtti ruka jaayegii| aura 'yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo'narthakaH sa vidhirbAdhyate' nyAya se nirarthaka vidhi kA pratiSedha huA hone se bhI uparyukta dvitva aura lup vidhi punaH punaH nahIM hogii| aura 'cetumicchati cikISati' prayoga meM, 'svarahanagamoH sani dhuTi' 4/1/104, 'dvirdhAtuH parokSA-'4/1/1 se para hone se, dvitva hone ke pUrva hI dIrghavidhi ho jAyegI aura bAda meM dvitva hogA aura 'ceH kirvA' 4/1/36 se dIrgha 'cI' ke sthAna meM hrasva 'ki' Adeza hogA / yahI hrasva 'ki' kA punaH 'svarahanagamoH sani dhuTi' 4/1/104 se dIrgha hogaa| __ saMbhava ho vahA~, nyAya kI punaH pravRtti isa prakAra hotI hai / udA. 'praNyavocat' prayoga meM Natva karane ke lie 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAra: 'nyAya kI do bAra pravRtti hotI hai / yahA~ 'brU' dhAtu kA 'astibruvorbhUvacAvaziti' 4/4/1 sUtra se 'vac' Adeza hotA hai aura bAda meM adyatanI meM

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314 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'zvayatyasUvacapataH zvAsthavocapaptam' 4/3/103 se 'vac' kA 'voc' Adeza hotA hai / ataH yahA~ 'praNyavocat' meM 'akakhAdyapAnte pAThe vA' 2/3/80 se 'pra' se para Aye hue 'ni' kA 'Ni' karane ke lie prathama bAra 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH' nyAya kI pravRtti karake 'voc' meM 'vactva' lAyA jAyegA tathApi 'akakhAdyaSAnte pAThe vA' 2/3/80 kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakegI kyoMki sUtra meM dhAtupAThapaThita dhAtu kA hI grahaNa hai / ataH punaH 'bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH' nyAya kI pravRtti karake brUtva kA usameM upacAra karake, 'akakhAdyaSAnte'-2/3/80 se Natva hogaa| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'yavRt sakRt' 4/1/102 sUtra hai, kyoMki isI sUtra meM 'yvRt' kI pravRtti sirpha eka hI bAra karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / ataH jahA~ eka bAra 'vRt' ho gayA ho vahA~ saMbhava hone para bhI punaH kisI bhI saMyoga meM 'yvat' kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to aisA kahane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thI kyoMki eka bAra kisI eka sUtra yA nyAya kI pravRtti hone ke bAda , punaH usakI pravRtti honevAlI hI nahIM thI tathApi yahI 'yvat sakRt' 4/1/ 102 sUtra kI racanA kI gaI , usase jJApana hotA hai ki 'vRt' ko chor3akara anya sUtra kI, yadi saMbhAvanA ho to punaH punaH pravRtti hotI hai / udA. 'vyag saMvaraNe' dhAtu meM 'AtsandhyakSarasya' 4/2/ 1 se 'e' kA 'o' hone ke bAda karma meM 'kya' pratyaya karane para 'saMvIyate' prayoga meM 'vyA' ke 'yA' kA 'yajAdivaceH kiti' 4/1/79 se vRt hogA aura 'vi' banegA, kintu bAda meM 'ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya se 'vi' meM 'yajAditva' mAnakara puna: 'vi' kA 'yavRt' hokara 'u' nahIM hotA hai / usake lie 'yavRtsakRt' 4/1/102 sUtra banAyA hai aura isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda 'yavRtsakRt' 4/1/ 102 sArthaka bhI hotA hai| yaha nyAya saMbhAvanAmUlaka hone se, jahA~ asaMbhava ho yA vyAghAta ityAdi ho yA nirarthakavidhi ho to sUtra yA nyAya kI punaH pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| isa nyAya kA svIkAra svayaM zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne bhI kiyA hai| unhoMne 'svatsakRt'4/1/102 kI bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki 'yAvatsaMbhavastAvadvidhiH' nyAya se, punaH 'yvat' kI pravRtti hone kI saMbhAvanA hone se, usakA niSedha karane ke lie yahI sUtra banAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra zAstrakAra ne yaha nyAya siddha hI ho, aisA vyavahAra karake isI sUtra kI racanA kI hai , aisA lagatA hai, tathApi isa nyAya kA anya koI jJApaka prApta na hone se isI sUtra ko isakA jJApaka mAnA gayA hai| anya kisI kI mAnyatAnusAra 'ekasyAM vyaktAvekaM lakSaNaM sakRdeva pravartate' nyAya se 'tvaka tvakkk ' siddha karane ke lie sirpha eka hI bAra 'adIrghAdvirAmaikavyaJjane ' 1/3/32 sUtra kI pravRtti hogI aura 'tvakkk ' (tIna k se yukta) rUpa kI siddhi nahIM hogI, kintu yahA~ prathama dvitva karate samaya 'virAma' nimitta hai, aura dvitIya dvitva karate samaya para meM AyA huA 'ekavyaJjana' nimitta hai ataH uddezya bhinna na hone para bhI, usake nimitta bhinna bhinna hone se 'adIrghAd'- 1/3/32 sUtra kI do bAra pravRtti ho sakegI aura bAda meM puna: tIsarI bAra pravRtti nahIM hogI kyoMki dUsarI bAra jo nimitta hai vahI nimitta tIsarI bAra kI pravRtti karate samaya upasthita hogA /

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dvitIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 114 ) 3 yaha nyAya aura 'yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo - ' nyAya paraspara viruddha pratIta hote haiM / tathApi isa nyAya se jahA~ saMbhava ho vahA~ avazya sUtra yA nyAya kI punaH pravRtti hotI hai kintu yadi usakA koI phala na ho to ' yaM vidhi pratyupadezaH - ' nyAya se usakA bAdha ho kara usI sUtra yA nyAya kI puna: pravRtti nahIM hogI / yaha nyAya kAtaMtra kI durgasiMhakRtaparibhASAvRtti, bhAvamizrakRtaparibhASAvRtti, kAtaMtra paribhASApATha kAlApa va bhojavyAkaraNa meM bhI prApta hai| jabaki pANinIya paramparA meM yaha nyAya nahIM hai| // 114 // saMbhave vyabhicAre ca vizeSaNamarthavata // saMbhava aura vyabhicAra hone para hI vizeSaNa arthavAn banatA hai / jahA~ vizeSya meM vivakSita vizeSaNa kA saMbhava na ho aura saMbhavAsaMbhavasvarUpa vyabhicAra bhI na ho vahA~ vizeSaNa vyartha hone se, usakA prayoga na karanA cAhie arthAt vizeSaNa vizeSya meM ho yA na bhI ho aisA jahA~ prApta hai, vahA~ hI vizeSaNa arthavAn kahA jAtA hai / 'yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo 'narthakaH sa vidhirbAdhyate' nyAya kA yaha nyAya prapaMca/ vistAra hai kyoMki isa nyAya se vyartha vizeSaNa ke upanyAsa / prayoga kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / udA. 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau' 1 / 3 / 14 sUtra meM 'padAnta' vizeSaNa 'mu' kA nahIM banegA kyoMki' padAnta mu' kA kahIM bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH pUrvasUtra se anuvRtta 'padAnta' vizeSaNa kevala 'ma' kA hI banegA kyoMki ' tvantarasi' ityAdi prayoga meM padAnta 'ma' kA saMbhava hai aura ramyate ityAdi prayoga meM asaMbhava bhI hai| ataH 'ma' ke padAntava meM vyabhicAra hai, usI kAraNa vizeSaNa sArthaka hai / ata eva vahA~ 'padAnta' vizeSaNa prayukta hogA / isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'tau mumo vyaJjane svau ' 1/3/14 sUtragata 'svau' pada hai / vaha isa prakAra : 'svau' meM dvivacana hone se anusvAra aura anunAsika donoM ke sAtha, usakA sambandha hogA kintu anusvAra, kisI bhI vyaJjana kA 'sva' nahIM hai| ataH 'sva' anusvAra kA vizeSaNa nahIM banegA / jabaki 'sva' anunAsika kA vizeSaNa banegA kyoMki anunAsika 'sva' bhI hai aura 'asva' bhI hai isa prakAra saMbhava aura vyabhicAra donoM hone se isa nyAya se 'sva' anunAsika kA vizeSaNa banakara sArthaka hogaa| yadyapi dvivacana se nirdeza kiyA gayA hone se donoM ke sAtha sambandha sthApita hone kI saMbhAvanA hone para bhI isa nyAya se svayameva anunAsika kA hI vizeSaNa banegA, aisA mAnakara dvivacana rakhA hai / yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'dve brahmaNI veditavye' ityAdi prayoga meM dvivacana ke prayoga kI anyathA anupapatti hone se aura 'brahma' meM dvitva kA vyabhicAra nahIM hone para bhI 'dve' vizeSaNa rakhA hai / 'yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo - ' nyAya kA yaha prapaMca hai, aise zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke kathana ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki ina donoM nyAyoM meM kevala vyarthatva kI hI samAnatA hai / isI sAdRzya ke kAraNa isa nyAya ko zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo - ' nyAya kA prapaMca kahA hai, aisA lagatA hai / vastutaH 'yaM vidhi- ' nyAya kA viSaya vidhi hai jabaki isa nyAya kA viSaya vAkyArtha hai arthAt donoM ke viSaya kSetra bhinna bhinna haiM, ataH yaha nyAya, usakA prapaMca nahIM kahA jA sakatA haiM / yadyapi vizeSaNa kI upanyAsa vidhi ko zrIlAvaNyasUrijI vidhi ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hai tathApi siddhAMtAnusAra ajJAta kA jJApana karanA hI vidhi hai / usI dRSTi se vizeSaNatva kI vivakSA meM vidhi

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a 316 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) kA abhAva hI hai / ataH isa nyAya ko kevala aucityamUlaka hI mAnanA cAhie / isa nyAya kI lokasiddhatA batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki loka meM bhI saMbhava aura vyabhicAra hone para hI vizeSaNa kA prayoga hotA hai| udA. 'manuSya' ko 'catuSpAd' vizeSaNa nahIM diyA jAtA hai kyoMki usakA kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai aura 'dvipad' vizeSaNa bhI nahIM diyA jAtA hai kyoMki usakA vyabhicAra kahIM bhI pAyA jAtA nahIM hai arthAt yahI vizeSaNatva manuSya ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM nahIM hotA hai| isa nyAya ke 'svau' jJApaka ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki jJApaka hamezAM apanI sArthakatA batAtA hai| jabaki yaha jJApaka apanI sArthakatA nahIM batA sakatA hai| isa prakAra isa nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda svau' vizeSaNa sArthaka nahIM hotA hai kyoMki usakA anusvAra sika donoM ke sAtha sambandha nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: yaha nyAya kevala laukika vyavahAra aura aucitya siddha hI hai, aisA mAnakara kevala anunAsika ke sAtha hI 'sva' kA sambandha karanA / . isa nyAya kI anityatA kA asvIkAra karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki kadAcita kevala saMbhava hone para bhI vizeSaNa kA prayoga hotA hai| udA. 'Apo dravyam' / vastutaH yadyapi yahA~ 'ap' ko hI vizeSaNa mAnane para vyabhicAra bhI hai hI, kintu yadi 'ap' ko vizeSya mAnane para 'saMbhava' pada kevala 'saMbhavAsaMbhava' kI vyAvRtti karanevAlA hI mAnanA / ataH saMbhava kA abhAva ho to vizeSaNa sArthaka nahIM hotA hai, aisA artha ho sakatA hai, aura isa prakAra socane para 'dve brahmaNI veditvye' meM 'vidi' kriyA ke karma do haiM, isakA bodha karAne ke lie 'dve' vizeSaNa rakhanA ucita hai aura 'brahmaNI' svarUpa dvivacanAnta prayoga karane se hI usakA artha prApta ho jAtA hai, aisA na mAnanA caahie| aise sthAna para unhoneM 'brahmaNI' ityAdi meM sthita dvivacana ko 'dve' vizeSaNa ke artha kA hI anuvAdaka mAnA hai| yaha nyAya kevala vizeSaNa kI sArthakatA batAnevAlA hone se vyAkaraNa ke sUtra kI samajha yA usakI pravRtti kI spaSTatA karanevAlA na hone se anya kisI paramparA meM isako sthAna nahIM diyA hai| // 115 // sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam // 58 // sarva vAkyoM ko 'evakAra' se yukta mAnane cAhie / isa nyAya se pratyeka vAkya meM 'evakAra ' kA prayoga na kiyA ho tathApi avadhAraNArthaka - nizcayAtmaka 'evakAra' ke artha kI prApti hotI hai / sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM sarvatra 'syAdvAda' kA hI Azraya liyA jAtA hai| nizcayAtmaka bhASA kA kahIM bhI prayoga nahIM hotA hai aura vyAkaraNa meM bhI lakSyasiddhi ke lie 'siddhiH syAdvAdAt' 1/1/2 sUtra se 'syAdvAda' kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ata: vyAkaraNa meM pratyeka sthAna para 'syAdvAda' se anizcitatA paidA ho sakatI hai| usI anizcitatA ko dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / isa nyAya ke kAraNa sarvatra 'syAdvAda' kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| ataH vyAkaraNa meM sarva vAkyoM kA uccAraNa 'evakAra'yakta hI mAnanA / udA. 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH'1/ 2/1 yahA~ dIrghavidhi hogI hI, aisA artha karanA aura vaisA artha karane se 'daNDAgram' ityAdi prayoga meM dIrghavidhi hogI hii| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'RtRti isvo vA '1/2/2 ityAdi sUtragata 'vA' zabda hai / yadi yaha

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 115) 317 nyAya na hotA to 'syAdvAda' ke Azraya se hI 'vA' zabda binA hI, kevala 'hasvaH syAt' kahane se hI vikalpa se hrasva ho jAtA arthAt 'siddhiH syAdvAdAt 1/1/2 sUtra se hI vikalpa kA kathana ho sakatA hai tathApi sUtra meM 'vA' zabda rakhA, vaha ima nyAya ke astitva kA bodhaka hai aura yaha nyAya hone se 'husvaH syAt' kahane se kevala hrasva hI hotA, vaha na ho isake lie 'vA' zabda kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai / "vidhinimantraNAmantra-'5/4/28 se 'kAmacAra' me bhI saptamI (vidhyartha) hotI hai, vaise yahA~ bhI 'hUsvaH' kahane se hI 'husvaH syAt' ca 'na syAt' artha ho sakatA hai|| upalakSaNa se kvacit (vAkya ke sthAna para) pada me bhI 'evakAra' kA prayoga samajha lenA cAhie / udA. 'lugasyAdetyapade' 2/1/113 sUtragata 'apade' ke sAtha 'evakAra' prayukta hai, arthAt 'apade eva' artha karane se daNDAgram' meM 'vRttyanto'saSe' 1/1/25 se honevAle, vRtti ke antasvarUpa 'agra' ko pada saMjJA nahIM hogI aura usakA 'a' apadAdi hI kahA jAyegA tathApi' lugasyAdetyapade' 2/1/113 se pUrva 'a' kA lopa nahIM hogA kyoMki samAsa avasthA meM 'agra' zabda vRtti( samAsa) kA antima khaNDa hone se 'vRttyanto'saSe' 1/1/25 se usameM padatvakA niSedha hone para bhI, samAsa se pUrva vaha pada thA hI, ata: vahI 'a' apadAdi nahIM kahA jAyegA kintu padAdi bhI kahA jAyegA aura apadAdisthe eva' artha karane se, usameM yahI 'a' kA samAveza nahIM hotA hai / jahA~ nitya 'apadAdi' akAra aura ekAra ho, vahA~ hI, 'lugasyAdetyapade' 2/1/113 se pUrva 'a' kA lopa hotA hai / udA. 'pacanti' / yahA~ 'zava' sambandhi 'a' kA, 'anti' kA 'a' para meM Ane se lopa hotA hai| yahI 'anti' kA 'a' nitya apadAdi hI hai| isa nyAya ke isI pada sambandhita avadhAraNArtha kA jJApana aise evakAra rahita sUtra hI haiM aura ve isa nyAya ke dvArA svayameva avadhAraNa artha prApta kara leMge, aisA vicAra karake hI 'anavadhAraNokti' kI gaI hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana 'dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati' nyAya se hotA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hI hotA to pratyeka vAkya kA sAvadhAraNArthaka arthAt nizcayAtmaka hI artha hotA to usake lie punaH vidhAna karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| yahA~ 'vyAkaraNazAstra meM kucheka vidhiyoM kA do-do bAra vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vaha, sAmAnya rUpa se, usI vAkya kA nizcayAtmaka artha nahIM hone ke kAraNa, kiyA gayA hai| __ A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne pUrva ke nyAya meM batAyA hai ki eka nyAya dUsare nyAya kA bAdhaka banatA nahIM hai arthAt nyAyoM meM paraspara bAdhyabAdhakabhAva nahIM hotA hai / jabaki yahA~ 'dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati' aura 'sarva vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam' nyAya meM paraspara bAdhyabAdhakabhAva kA unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH unakI mUla mAnyatA ke bAre meM punaH vicAra karanA cAhie / zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM sarvatra nyAyoM meM paraspara bAdhyabAdhakabhAva mAnakara, nyAyoM kI anityatA batAyI hai| vyAkaraNa ke sUtra ke artha ko nizcitatA pradAna karanevAlA yaha nyAya hai aura yahI nizcitatA svAbhAvika hone se anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM yaha nyAya prApta nahIM hai|

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318 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) // 116 // parArthe prayujyamAnaH zabdo vatamantareNA'pi vadarthaM gamayati // 59 // anya artha meM prayukta zabda, binA 'vat' hI 'vat' ke artha ( sAdRzya) ko batAtA hai| 'vat' kA artha sAdRzya hai / anyathA koI bhI zabda apane artha ko chor3akara anya artha meM prayukta hone para pArasparika virodha paidA hotA hai / yahI virodha dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'vA'nyataH pumAMSTAdau svare' 1/4/62 sUtragata 'pumAn' kA artha 'puMvad' hotA hai / yahA~ parArtha napuMsaka hai, usake lie 'puMs' zabda prayukta hai, ata: vahI zabda napuMsaka hone para bhI, usase 'puMvat' kArya hotA hai jaise 'mRdave kulAya' / yahA~ 'mRdu' zabda napuMsaka hone para bhI 'puMvat' hone se napuMsakatva ke kAraNa honevAlA 'na' kA Agama 'anAmasvare'-1/4/64 se nahIM hogaa| ___ 'vA'nyataH'- 1/4/62 sUtragata pumAn nirdeza hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / yadi yaha nyAya na hotA to 'puMvad' nirdeza hI kiyA hotA / yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'parataH strI pumvat stryekArthe'nUGa' 3/2/49 meM 'pumvad' nirdeza kiyA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'pumAn' kahA hotA to bhI cala sakatA thaa| yaha nyAya bhI lokasiddha hI hai / udA. 'agnirmANavakaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM prayukta 'agni' zabda svArtha meM nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH lakSaNA se 'agni' ke sAtha sAdRzya batAtA hai aura aise sthAna para zabda ke svAbhAvika/mUla artha kA bAdha hone se, lakSyArtha kI pratIti ho hI jAtI hai| yaha nyAya kahatA hai ki jahA~ 'vat' pratyaya kA prayoga na huA ho, tathApi yadi 'vat' kA artha gamyamAna ho to, usakA svIkAra karanA cAhie, aura isa prakAra 'vadartha' kA samarthana kiyA hai, anya kucha navIna vidhAna yaha nyAya nahIM karatA hai aura jahA~ spaSTa pratipatti ke lie 'vat' prayukta ho,vahA~ vaha vyartha nahIM hai, ataH usase isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana nahIM hotA hai, aura 'parataH strI pumvat'- 3/2/49 sUtragata 'pumvat' prayoga se koI doSa paidA nahIM hotA hai tathApi zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne aise prayogoM ke lie isa nyAya kI anityatA batAyI isakA tAtparya Upara batAyA vahI hai| unakA Azaya/uddezya yahI hai ki jahA~ kahIM bhI prayojanavaza yA rUDhi se lakSaNA kA prayoga kiyA ho vahA~ isa nyAya kI pravRtti karanA kintu sarvatra vAcyArtha ko chor3akara lakSaNA kA hI grahaNa karanA, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai / ataH 'vat' kA prayoga ho hI nahIM sakatA aisA mAnakara zAstrakAra AcAryazrI dvArA prayukta 'vat' kI vyarthatA batAkara, isa nyAya kI anityatA kA pratipAdana na karanA cAhie, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiN| 'vA'nyataH pumAMSTAdau svare' 1/4/62 sUtra ke bRhanyAsa meM, isa nyAya ko siddha hI mAnA gayA hai aura isa prakAra hI usakA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / isake lie siddhahemabRhadvRtti kA zabdamahArNava nyAsa dekha lenA cAhie / yaha nyAya isI svarUpa meM anya kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 117) 319 // 117 // dvau nau prakRtamarthaM gamayataH // 60 // do 'naJ' prakRta artha arthAt pUrva ke artha ko hI batAte haiM / 'nau' pada dvArA arthapradhAna nirdeza kiyA gayA hone se do niSedha lenA, arthAt jahA~ do niSedha prayukta ho, vahA~ unhIM do niSedha se pUrva jo artha ho, use prakRta artha kahA jAtA hai aura vahI artha hI do 'naJ'/niSedha se dRr3hIbhUta hotA hai| udA. 'na nAmyekasvarAt'-3/2/9 sUtragata 'naJ' vibhakti ke (pratyaya ke) lup kA niSedha karatA hai aura usI 'na' kI anuvRtti 'nensiddhasthe' 3/2/29 taka calI AtI hai / yahA~ pUrva 'naJ' aura 'nensiddhasthe'3/2/29 kA 'naJ' -donoM milakara vibhakti ke lup ke niSedha kA niSedha karatA hai, arthAt isI sUtra se vibhakti ke lup kA hI vidhAna huA hai| isa nyAya kA jJApaka 'nensiddhasthe' 3/2/29 sUtragata 'na' hai / yahA~ 'na nAmyekasvarAt'. 3/ 2/9 se vibhakti ke lup ke niSedha batAnevAle 'naJ' kI anuvRtti calI AtI hai tathApi lubvidhi batAne ke lie puna: 'naJ' kA grahaNa kiyA hai / yadi isa dvitIya 'na' se pUrva 'na' kA artha hI dRDha hotA to lupvidhi sUcita karane ke lie pUrva 'naJ' kI anuvRtti hone para bhI lubvidhi sUcita karane ke lie punaH 'naJ' kA grahaNa kyoM kiyA jAya ? arthAt na kiyA jAya, tathApi punaH 'naJ' grahaNa kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAya ke astitva ko sUcita karatA hai / 'namo namaste satataM namo namaH' ityAdi prayogoM meM 'namaH' kI dvirukti 'nama:' ke svArtha ko dRDha banAtI hai / yahA~ 'asakRtsaMbhrame' 7/4/72 se dvitva huA hai, ataH usI taraha yadi 'na' kA do bAra prayoga huA ho to 'naJ' ke artha ko hI dRDha karatA hai yA nahIM ? aisI AzaMkA dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| yahA~ 'dvi' zabda se samasaMkhyA meM prayukta arthAt 2-4-6-8-10 ityAdi jukta saMkhyA meM prayukta 'naJ' lenA aura vahI prakRta vidhi ko hI batAtA hai| isa nyAya ko zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne anitya batAyA hai / usake phalasvarUpa yadi koI vyakti sambhrama se do bAra 'naJ' kA prayoga kareM to, usakA artha niSedha hI hotA hai kintu prakRta vidhi nahIM hotA hai / udA. yadi manuSya bhojana kara rahA ho, aura yadi use anIpsita cIja parosI jAya to, vahI manuSya turaMta/sahasA 'na, na' kahatA hai, taba vaha 'naJ' ke apane artha ko hI dRDha karatA hai| AcArya zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa nyAya ko svabhAvasiddha batAyA hai / unhoMne isa nyAya kA koI jJApaka batAyA nahIM hai aura anitya bhI nahIM batAyA hai, kyoMki saMbhrama se kiyA gayA niSedha do, tIna yA cAra, bakhta kA hone para bhI prakRta artha ko nahIM batAtA hai / vahI vyavahArasiddha isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA ke bAre meM vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki pUrva Aye hue nyAya "dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati' nyAya se, dUsarI bAra kahI gaI pUrva kI bAta, usI bAta ko hI dRDha banAtI rahI hai|

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320 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) hai, vaise yahA~ dUsarI bAra kA niSedha, pUrva niSedha ko dRDha nahIM karatA hai, aisA batAne ke lie yaha nyAya jarUrI hai| ___vastutaH yaha nyAya, nyAya nahIM hai kintu zabdazakti ke svabhAva kA paricAyaka kevala vAkya hI hai / ataH anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne isake anukUla vyavahAra kiyA hone para bhI isakA nyAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / ataH isa vyAkaraNa ke 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM ise sammilita karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kA mAnanA hai| // 118 // cakAro yasmAtparastatsajAtIyameva samuccinoti // 61 // 'ca' kAra jisake para meM AyA ho, usake sajAtIya kA hI vaha samuccaya karatA hai| ___ 'ca' kAra kA kisI bhI prakAra ke vizeSaNa se rahita kevala samuccaya artha hI hone se vijAtIya kA bhI samuccaya hone kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai / usakA isa nyAya se niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 'upasarga' se para AyA huA 'cakAra' pUrva ke sUtra meM se kevala upasarga kA hI samuccaya yA anukarSaNa karatA hai| udA. 'pratezca vadhe' 4/4/94 meM sthita 'cakAra' se pUrva ke 'upAdbhUSA'-4/4/ 92 meM sthita 'upAt'kA hI samuccaya/anukarSaNa karatA hai| _ 'prakRti' se para AyA huA 'cakAra' 'prakRti' kA samuccaya karatA hai / udA. 'etadazca vyaJjane'nagnasamAse' 1/3/46 sthita 'cakAra', pUrva ke 'tadaH se: svare'- 1/3/45 sUtrasthita prakRti-svarUpa 'tadaH' kA samuccaya karatA hai| pratyaya se para AyA huA 'cakAra,' pratyaya kA samuccaya karatA hai| udA. 'ajhai ca' 1/4/ 39 sthita 'cakAra' pUrva ke 'tR svasR-napta'-1/4/38 sthita pratyaya ke prakAra svarUpa 'ghuTi' pada kA samuccaya karatA hai| Adeza se para AyA huA 'cakAra' Adeza kA hI samuccaya karatA hai| udA. 'A ca hau'4/ 2/101 sUtragata 'A' se para AyA huA 'cakAra' pUrva ke 'irdaridraH' 4/2/98 sUtragata 'i' svarUpa Adeza kA hI samuccaya karatA hai / Agama se para AyA huA 'cakAra' Agama kA samuccaya karatA hai / udA. 'as ca laulye' 4/3/115 sthita 'as' se para AyA huA 'cakAra' pUrva ke 'vRSAzvAnmaithune'-4/3/114 sthita 'ssa' Agama kA samuccaya karatA hai / 'artha' se para AyA huA 'cakAra' artha kA samuccaya karatA hai / udA. 'atiratikrame ca' 3/ 1/45 sUtragata 'atikrame' se para AyA huA 'cakAra' pUrva ke 'suH pUjAyAm' 3/1/44 sthita 'pUjAyAm' artha kA samuccaya karatA hai /

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 118) 321 vAkyArtha se AyA huA 'cakAra' vAkyArtha kA samuccaya karatA hai / udA. 'tasya vyAkhyAne ca granthAt' 6/3/142 sthita 'tasya vyAkhyAne' se para AyA huA 'cakAra' pUrva ke 'bhave' 6/3/ 123 sthita 'bhave' aura usake bhI pUrva ke 'tatra kRta-labdha-krIta'- 6/3/94 sthita 'tatra', donoM milakara bane hue 'tatra bhave ' vAkyArtha kA samuccaya karatA hai| yahA~ artha aura vAkyArtha kA bheda batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki artha arthAt eka hI pada kA artha aura vAkyArtha arthAt do yA do se adhika padoM ke artha kA samUha/samudAya / isa nyAya kA jJApana 'pratezca vadhe' 4/4/94 ityAdi sUtra meM vijAtIya padoM ke samuccaya kI nivRtti ke lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA hai usase hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra -'pratezca vadhe' 4/4/94 meM 'ca' kA kevala samuccaya artha hI hai / aura 'kiro lavane '4/4/93meM samuccaya do prakAra ke haiN| eka sajAtIya aura dasarA vijAtIya / usameM 'upa' upasarga sajAtIya hai aura vahI Dana hai, jaba kI vijAtIya 'lavana'Adi iSTa nahIM hai / ataH vijAtIya kA vyavaccheda yA niSedha karane ke lie koI bhI prayatna avazya karanA cAhie kintu aisA koI prayatna nahIM kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| isa nyAya kI anityatA pratIta nahIM hotI hai / 'samuccinoti' zabda se samuccayArthaka 'ca kAra' kA hI isa prakAra niyamana hotA hai / anukarSaNArthaka 'cakAra' vijAtIya kA bhI anukarSaNa karatA hai aura vaisA hI agale 'cAnukRSTaM nAnuvartate // 162 // ' nyAya meM udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| isa nyAya ke bAre meM jyAdA vicAra karane para, kucha spaSTatAe~ karanI Avazyaka lagatI hai| yahA~ zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne 'ca' ke mukhya rUpa se do artha yA prakAra batAye haiM : 1.samuccaya 2. anukarSaNa / jabaki AcArya zrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne 'cArthe dvandvaH'-3/1/117 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM, mahAbhASya ke anusAra 'ca' ke cAra artha batAye haiM : 1. samuccaya 2. anvAcaya 3. itaretara 4. samAhAra / isake bAre meM ve kahate haiM ki 'tatraikamarthaM prati dvayAdInAM kriyA-kAraka-dravya -guNAnAM tulyabalAnAmavirodhinAmaniyata -kramayogapadyAnAmAtmarUpabhedena cIyamAnatA samuccayaH / ' aura yahI bAta ko samajhAte hue laghu nyAsakAra kahate haiM ki eka hI kAraka meM aneka kriyAoM ko, eka hI kriyA meM aneka kArakoM ko, eka hI dravya meM aneka kArakoM ko, eka hI kAraka meM aneka dravyoM ko aura eka hI dharma meM aneka dharmoM aura eka hI dharma meM aneka dharmioM ko rakhanA samuccaya kahA jAtA hai| uparyukta cAra artha meM se eka bhI artha anukarSaNavAci nahIM hai / ataH anukarSaNa ko pA~cavA~ artha mAnanA par3egA / vastutaH zAstrakAra ko yadi yaha pA~cavA~ artha mAnya/svIkRta hotA to vaha bhI batAyA hotA, kintu zAstrakAra ne vahI artha nahIM batAyA hai, ataH yahI anukarSaNa artha kA uparyukta cAra artha meM se hI eka artha meM samAveza karanA cAhie aura zAstrakAra ne samuccaya arthavAci 'ca kAra' kA sUtra meM kahA~ kaise prayoga hotA hai vaha bhI nahIM batAyA hai / anukarSaNa kA artha hai pUrva ke sUtra meM se kisI pada kA 'cakAra' se grahaNa karanA, vaise samuccaya kA artha bhI, pUrva ke sUtra meM se kisI pada kA 'cakAra' se grahaNa karanA hai|

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322 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) isI artha meM anukarSaNa aura samuccaya donoM samAna hI haiM / kintu kahA~ kisa kA anukarSaNa/ samuccaya karanA vaha 'ca' ke artha se spaSTa nahIM hotA hai / usakI spaSTatA karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| jahA~ sajAtIya aura vijAtIya doMnoM kA anukarSaNa prApta ho vahA~ hI isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai, kintu jahA~ kevala vijAtIya kA hI anukarSaNa ucita pratIta ho yA anukarSaNa hotA ho vahA~ isa nyAya ko anitya mAnanA cAhie aisI hamArI/apanI mAnyatA hai| loka meM bhI sajAtIya kA sajAtIya ke sAtha hI samuccaya hotA hai / ataH yaha bAta lokasiddha hone se jJApaka batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / AcAryazrIlAvaNyasUrijI , zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke 'yatnAntarAkaraNa' ko jJApaka ke rUpa meM mAnya nahIM karate haiN| __ yaha nyAya lokasiddha hI hai aura vyAkaraNa meM isake viruddha nahIM hotA hai| ataH anya paribhASA saMgraha meM ise saMgRhIta nahIM kiyA hai| // 119 // cAnukRSTaM nAnuvartate // 62 // 'ca' kAra dvArA anukRSTa pada yA vAkya kA anuvartana nahIM hotA hai| 'cakAra' se anukRSTa pada yA vAkya agale sUtra meM nahIM jAtA hai arthAt agale sUtra meM usI pada yA vAkya kI anuvRtti nahIM hotI hai / 'apekSAto'dhikAraH' nyAya se 'cakAra' se anukRSTa pada yA vAkya kI bhI agale sUtra meM 'anuvRtti' ho sakatI thI, usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| isameM 'pada' kI anuvRtti kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai / 'gaDadabAdeH'-2/1/77 sUtra meM 'sdhvozca' zabdagata 'ca' se pUrvokta 'padAnte' 2/1/64 sUtragata 'padAnte' pada kA anukarSaNa hotA hai / yaha 'padAnte' pada kA bAda meM AnevAle 'dhAgastathozca' 2/1/78 sUtra meM anuvartana nahIM hotA hai / vastutaH 'ca' ke binA bhI 'padAnte' kI anuvRtti ho sakatI thI, tathApi agale sUtra meM usakI anuvRtti ko rokane ke lie 'ca' se anukarSaNa kiyA gayA hai / vAkya kI anuvRtti kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai -: 'sado'prateH parokSAyAM tvAdeH' 2/3/44 sUtragata, 'parokSAyAM tvAdeH' vAkya kA 'svaJjazca' 2/3/45 sUtragata 'ca' se anukarSaNa hotA hai / usI vAkya kI bAda meM AnevAle 'pariniveH sevaH' 2/3/46 sUtra meM anuvRtti nahIM hotI hai| ataH 'svaJja' dhAtu kA parokSA meM dvitva hone ke bAda pUrva 'sa' kA 'Sa' hotA hai kintu dvitIya 'sa' kA 'gha' nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'pariSasvaje' jabaki 'sev' dhAtu kA parokSA meM dvitva hone ke bAda donoM 'sa' kA 'Sa' hotA hai / udA. pariSiSeve / 'cakAra' se anukRSTa ho isakI anuvRtti Age nahIM jAtI hai, kintu 'ca' se samuccita ho usakI anuvRtti yatheccha rUpa se Age jAtI hai / udA. 'mo no mvozca' 2/1/67 sUtra meM 'mvozca' kA 'ca' 'padAnte' kA samuccaya karatA hai, ata: 'padAnte' pada kA 'straMsadhvaMskva ssa-' 2/1/68 ityAdi sUtra meM anuvartana hotA hai|

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 120) 323 'svaJjazca' 2/3/45 sUtra kI vRtti gata 'ca' kAra sambandhita TippaNI svarUpa "cakAra: parokSAyAM tvAdeH ityasyAnukarSaNArthastatazca tasya puro'nanuvRttiH siddhA / " zabda hI isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'mAraNatoSaNanizAne jJazca' 4/2/30 sUtra ke 'ca' se 'Nici ca' kA anukarSaNa hotA hai, aisA kahane para bhI 'Nici ca' kI agale sUtra meM anuvRtti hotI hai| isa nyAya kI jarUrata ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki kvacit adhikAra kI apekSA kI vivakSA na kI ho to, isake lie cakAra kA upayoga hotA hai| vahI 'cakAra' do prakAra ke haiN| (1) vidheyaghaTitasUtrAvyavahitasUtrasthaH' aura (2) taditarasUtrasthaH / isameM dvitIya prakAra ke 'cakAra' ke lie yaha nyAya hai| yadyapi laghunyAsakAra kI vyAkhyAnusAra 'cahaNa: zAThye' 4/2/31 sUtra kA artha karane para 'mAraNatoSaNa'-4/2/30 sUtra isa nyAya kI anityatA kA udAharaNa nahIM banatA hai / ve 'cahaNa: zAThye' 4/2/31 sUtra kI TIkA meM batAte haiM ki-'dhAtvAkarSaNe pUrveNa siddhe phalAbhAvAt prakRterapi ( parataH ) sthitaH pratyayamAkarSati / svarUpAkhyAnamidaM yAvatAdhikArAyAtameva cakAreNAnumIyate / anyathA 'cAnukRSTaM nottaratre' ti syAt / " tathApi zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke kathanAnusAra anityatA kA udAharaNa mAnane meM bhI koI bAdha nahIM hai kyoMki ('Nici ca' ke) anukarSaNa ke lie hI yaha 'cakAra' hai aisA zrIhemacandrasUrijI ne svayaM batAyA hai / yaha nyAya kevala kAtaMtra kI durgasiMhakRta aura bhAvamizra kRta donoM paribhASAvRttiyoM aura jainendra meM nahIM hai| // 120 // cAnukRSTana na yathAsaGkhyam // 63 // 'cakAra' se anukRSTa 'nAma' yA 'pratyaya' ke sAtha 'yathAsaGkhyam' nahIM hotA hai| 'cakAra ' se anukRSTa 'nAma' yA 'pratyaya' 'yathAsaGkhyam' ke lie nikammA hai / 'yathAsaGkhyamanudezaH samAnAm' nyAya kA yaha apavAda hai / udA. 'vau vyaJjanAdeH san cAyvaH' 4/3/ 25 sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hai / 'vo' arthAt 'u' kAra yA 'i' kAra upAntya meM ho aise vyaJjanAdi dhAtu se para Aye 'seTa' 'ktvA' aura 'san' pratyaya donoM vikalpa se 'kidvad' hote haiM / ataH 'muditvA, moditvA, mumudiSate, mumodiSate, likhitvA, lekhitvA, lilikhiSati, lilekhissti|' rUpa hoMge / yahA~ 'ktvA, san' kA 'vau' ke sAtha saMkhyA aura vacana se sAmya hone para bhI 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai kyoMki 'ktvA' kA 'ca' se anukarSaNa kiyA hai| 'yathAsaGkhyamanudezaH samAnAm' nyAya hone para bhI 'vau vyaJjanAdeH-' 4/3/25 sUtra meM aniSTa 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI nivRtti ke lie koI vizeSa prayatna nahIM kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'zaktArhe kRtyAzca' 5/4/35 sUtra meM 'cakAra' se anukRSTa 'saptamI' aura 'kRtya' ke 'zakta' aura 'arha' arthoM kA 'yathAsaGkhyam' na ho isalie 'kRtyAH' meM bahuvacana . rakhA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hI hotA to 'kRtyazca' rUpa ekavacana karane para bhI 'kRtyasaptamI' ke

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324 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) sAtha 'zaktAha' kA 'yathAsaGkhyam' hone kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM thI kintu yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH kadAcit koI aisI pravRtti karegA, aisI AzaMkA se 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI nivRtti karane ke lie bahuvacana rakhA hai / yahA~ aisI zaMkA nahIM karanA ki 'kRtya' pratyaya bahuta se hone ke kAraNa bahuvacana rakhA hai / kyoMki 'praiSAnujJA'vasare kRtyapaJcamyau' 5/4/29 sUtra meM 'kRtya' zabda ko ekavacana meM hI rakhA hai aura 'kRtya' tathA 'paJcamI' kA itaretara dvandva samAsa karake dvivacana rakhA hai / anyathA 'kRtyapaJcamyau' ke sthAna para kRtyapaJcamyAH' kiyA hotA ora kRtyatva' jAti kI vivakSA se ekavacana hI rakhanA upayukta hai| isa nyAya ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa prakAra carcA karate haiM :- 'yathAsaGkhyamanudeza: samAnAm' nyAya se samAna saMkhyAvAle uddezI ke sAtha samAna saMkhyAvAle anuddezI kA anukrama se sambandha sUcita hotA hai / isameM uddezI ora anuddezI do-do prakAra ke hote haiM / kucheka pUrNataH sUtra meM batA diye hoM yA usakI saMkhyA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA ho aura kucheka kA pUrva sUtra se 'cakAra' dvArA anukarSaNa kiyA ho / pUrva nyAya se donoM meM 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti hone kI saMbhAvanA thI, kintu yaha nyAya 'cakAra' se anukRSTa ke sAtha 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRti kA niSedha karatA hai| laghunyAsakAra isa nyAya ko thor3I sI bhinna paddhati se batAte haiM / ve kahate haiM ki rASTrakSatriyAt sarUpAd rAjA'patye diraJ' 6/1/114 sUtra meM 'apatya' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai, usake dvArA 'samuccIyamAnena na yathAsaGkhyam' nyAya kA jJApana hotA hai / vaha isa prakAra- rASTrakSatriyAt' -6/ 1/114 sUtra meM 'rAjA'patye' ke sthAna para 'rAjani ca' kahA hotA, to bhI 'yathAsaGkhyam' hotA kyoM ki 'cakAra' se 'apatya' artha kA 'samuccaya' yA 'anukarSaNa' hone se 'rASTravAci' zabda se 'rAjA' artha meM aura kSatriyavAci' zabda se 'apatya' artha meM pratyaya karane ke lie 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti ho sakatI thI tathApi 'yathAsaGkhyam' ke lie sUtra meM 'apatya' zabda rakhA, usase sUcita hotA hai ki 'cakAra' se samuccIyamAna ke sAtha 'yathAsaGkhyam' kI pravRtti AcAryazrI ko iSTa nahIM hai| aura 'zaktArhe kRtyAzca' 5/4/35 sUtra kI vRtti ke "bahuvacanamihottaratra ca yathAsaGkhyaM nivRttyartham" zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue nyAsakAra kahate haiM ki yadi 'rASTrakSatriyAt-'6/1/114 sUtragata 'apatya' zabda se 'samuccIyamAnena na yathAsaGakhyam' nyAya kA jJApana hone ke bAda 'kRtyAzca' kA bahuvacana vyartha hotA hai / vaha vyartha hokara jJApana karatA hai ki jJApaka se jJApita vidhi anitya hotI hai arthAt 'apatya' zabda se jJApita yaha 'samuccIyamAnena na yathAsaGkhyam' nyAya bhI anitya hai| isa carcA kA saMkSipta sAra/tAtparya yaha hai ki nyAyasaGgrahakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA batAyA huA 'yatnAntarAkaraNam' jJApaka ucita nahIM hai kintu 'rASTra-kSatriyAt'- 6/1/114 sUtragata 'apatya grahaNa' hI jJApaka hai| dUsarI eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se dikhAyI paDatI hai ki laghunyAsakAra ke mata meM anukarSaNa aura samuccaya donoM eka hI haiM aura isa prakAra kA svIkAra karanA ucita pratIta hotA hai| yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM nahIM hai|

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325 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 121) // 121 // vyAkhyAto vizeSArthapratipattiH // 64 // 'vyAkhyA' se vizeSa arthakA bodha/jJAna hotA hai / sUtra se vyAkhyA kA abhyarhitatva/mahattva jyAdA hai, usakA jJApana karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'karISagandherapatyaM vRddhaM strI' artha meM 'Gaso'patye' 6/1/28 se karISagandhi' zabda se 'aN' pratyaya hogaa| vahI 'aNa' kA 'anArSe vRddhe-'2/4/78 se 'Sya' Adeza hogA / bAda meM 'aNajeyekaNa nabsnaTitAm' 2/4/20 se aNantalakSaNa 'DI' hone kI prApti hai kintu vaha nahIM hotA hai kyoki isa sUtra meM 'aNa' kA svarUpa se grahaNa kiyA hai| jabaki yahA~ 'Sya' rUpa 'aN' hai ataH 'GI' pratyaya nahIM hogA aura yaha bAta 'aNajeyekaN'- 2/4/20 sUtra kI vyAkhyA se prApta hotI hai kyoMki sUtra meM isa prakAra kA artha karane ke lie koI jJApaka nahIM hai| isa prakAra 'DI' nahIM hone para akArAnta hone se strIliGga meM 'At' 2/4/18 se 'Apa' pratyaya hogA aura 'karISagandhyA' prayoga hI hogA / 'nemArddha-' 1/4/10 sUtra meM 'tayaT' aura 'ayaT' pratyayoM kA 'nema' Adi zabdoM ke bIca niHzaMka pATha kiyA hai vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / 'tayaTa' aura 'ayaT' donoM nAma nahIM haiM kintu pratyaya haiM aura vahI pratyayAnta nAma yahA~ liyA jAyegA aisA isa nyAya se, isI sUtra kI vyAkhyA se spaSTa hogA, aisA mAnakara ni:saMkoca 'nAma' ke bIca pATha kiyA hai| - yaha nyAya anitya hai , ataH vyAkhyA se hI artha kI nityatA siddha hone para bhI 'zaradaH zrAddhe karmaNi' 6/3/81 sUtra meM 'karmaNi' zabda rakhA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to 'sRjaH zrAddha jikyAtmane tathA' 3/4/84 meM jaise 'zrAddha' kA artha 'zraddhAvAn' liyA jAtA hai / jabaki 'zrAddhamadyabhuktamikenau' 7/1/169 meM zrAddha' kA artha 'pitRdevatyakarma' liyA jAtA hai / isI prakAra 'zaradaH zrAddhe karmaNi' 6/3/81 meM 'zrAddha' zabda kA artha 'pitRdevatyaM karma' vyAkhyA se prApta ho sakatA thA tathApi yahA~ 'karmaNi' zabda kA prayoga kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA batAtA hai| isa nyAya ke jJApaka 'nemArddha-' 1/4/10 sUtragata 'taya' aura 'aya' pratyaya hI liye jAyeMge kyoMki 'vizeSaNamantaH' 7/4/113 yA 'yatra yena vinA yadanupapannaM tatra tena tadAkSipyate' nyAya se yahA~ 'taya' aura 'aya' pratyayAnta 'nAma' kA hI grahaNa hogA kyoMki pratyayA'pratyayayoH pratyayasyaiva grahaNam' nyAya se 'taya' aura 'aya' pratyaya hI lie jAyeMge kintu 'sAhacaryAt sadRzasyaiva' nyAya se 'nAma' ke bIca' 'taya' aura 'aya' kA pATha kiyA hone se, use 'nAma' svarUpa hI lenA par3egA / ataH 'taya' aura 'aya' pratyaya lenA ki nAma lenA, isakA koI nirNaya nahIM ho sakegA / ataH isa nyAya se sUtra kI vyAkhyA/vRtti ke AdhAra para 'taya' aura 'aya' ko pratyaya mAnakara tadanta 'nAma' kA yahA~ grahaNa hogaa| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne isa nyAya kI carcA karate hue batAyA hai ki 'tatrA'sandigdhAnuSThAnasiddhyarthe'tra zAstre tatra tatrAcAryaiH sandigdhoccAraNaM kRtaM' arthAt 'isa zAstra meM asandigdhAnuSThAna kI .

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326 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) siddhi ke lie AcAryazrI ne vahA~ vahA~ sandigdha uccAraNa kiyA hai|' isa vAkya kA artha vicitra hotA hai| zAstrakAra asandigdhatA kI siddhi ke lie sandigdha uccAraNa kareM, aisA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / hA~, isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA ke lie aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba vyAkaraNazAstra kI racanA huI taba kucheka bAteM yA kucheka artha loka meM bahuta prasiddha hoNge| ataH ve prasiddha artha, vyAkaraNa ke sUtra meM batAne kI koI AvazyakatA dikhAyI nahIM par3I ho kintu kAlakrama se una arthoM kI lokaprasiddhi kama hone ke kAraNa arthAt jisa artha meM ve vyAkaraNa ke sUtra meM prayukta hoM, usI artha ke sAtha sAtha dUsare artha kI bhI utanI hI prasiddhi hone se svAbhAvikatayA vyAkaraNa ke sUtragata artha ke lie zaMkA upasthita hone para usako dUra karane ke lie, usI samaya se vyAkaraNa meM isa nyAya IT praveza huA ho aura bAda meM vaha sarvasAmAnya ho jAne se, pichale vaiyAkaraNoM ne sUtra kI saMkSiptatA ke lie aura artha kI spaSTatA karane ke lie vyAkhyA kA hI Azraya liyA ho / ataH zAstrakAra ke uccAraNa ko sandigdha batAnA ucita nahIM lagatA hai| hA~, yahI sandigdhatA vAcaka yA pAThaka kI apekSA se hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa vRtti/ vyAkhyA se ho hI jAtA hai / isa nyAya ke bAre meM carcA karate hue 'taraMga' meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki granthakAroM kI zailI hI aisI hotI hai / granthakAra apane grantha meM kahIM kahIM viziSTa granthi yA gutthI rakhate haiM, jisakA nirAkaraNa/ uttara kevala guruparamparA se hI prApta ho sakatA hai kintu apanI buddhi se usakA sahI artha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| zAstra meM pAThaka kI svacchanda pravRtti rokane ke lie aisI granthi rakhI jAtI hai / isake dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM unhoMne 'paNDita harSa' ke 'khaNDakhAdya' kA nimnokta zloka rakhA hai / "granthagranthiriha kvacit kvacidapi nyAsi prayatnAnmayA, prAjJaMmanyamanA haThena paThitI mA'smin khalaH khelatu / zraddhArAddhaguruH zlathIkRtadRDhagranthiH karotvAdarAt, advaitAmRtasindhusambhavaraseSvAsaJjanaM sajjanaH // / " kintu yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai / aura yahA~ isa bAta kA koI prayojana bhI nahIM hai / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya kI anityatA kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| isake bAre meM carcA karate hue ve kahate haiM ki yadyapi sarvatra vyAkhyAna kA hI Alambana lenA zakya hai tathApi kadAcit spaSTatA ke lie sUtra meM hI yadi koI vizeSa zabda rakhA ho to isameM koI doSa nahIM hai aura isake lie isa nyAya ke anityatva kI kalpanA karanA jarUrI nahIM hai / udA. 'sRjaH zrAddhe JikyAtmane tathA ' 3/4/84 meM 'zrAddha' zabda kA 'zraddhAvAn' artha grahaNa kiyA hai, jabaki 'zrAddhamadyabhuktamikenau' 7/1/169 meM 'zrAddha' zabda kA 'pitRdaivatyaM karma' artha kiyA hai / ina donoM artha vyAkhyA se hI spaSTa hote haiM aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi mAnate haiM aura usI taraha 'zarada: zrAddhe karmaNi' 6/3/81 meM 'karmaNi' zabda binA hI vyAkhyA se spaSTatA ho sakatI hai tathApi 'karmaNi' zabda rakhA isameM koI doSa nahIM hai / yahA~ 'zrAddha' zabda kA artha 'pitRdaivatyaM karma' hotA hai, usakA anAyAsa hI bodha

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dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 122) 327 ho isalie 'karmaNi' zabda rakhA hai| vastutaH 'sRjaH zrAddhe'-3/4/84 meM zrAddha' kA 'zraddhAvAn' artha aura zrAddhamadyabhuktamikenau' 7/1/169 meM 'zrAddha' kA 'pitRdaivatyaM karma' artha vyAkhyA se hI prApta hai aisA kahanA ucita nahIM kyoMki 'sRjaH zrAddhe-' 3/4/84 meM 'kartaryanadbhyaH zava' 3/4/71 se 'kartari' zabda kI anuvRtti calI AtI hai| ataH zrAddha' zabda se zraddhAvAn' kA hI bodha ho sakatA hai| jabaki zrAddhamadyabhukta'7/1/169 meM 'zrAddhaM' aura 'bhuktaM' meM napuMsakaliMga hone se, 'bhuji' ke sAhacarya se 'zrAddha' kA 'pitRdevatyaM karma' artha mAlUma ho jAtA hai, ataH usI artha ke lie kevala vyAkhyA kI hI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai| usI prakAra yahA~ bhI 'zaradaH zrAddha karmaNi' 6/3/81 meM 'zrAddha' kA 'pitRdevatyaM karma' artha hI svabhAva se liyA jA sakatA hai aura usakA hI bodha karAne ke lie sUtra meM 'karmaNi' zabda rakhA hai kintu isa nyAya ke anityatva kA jJApana karane ke lie nahIM / kevala kAtaMtra kI durgasiMhakRta paribhASAvRtti aura jainendra paribhASAvRtti meM hI yaha nyAya nahIM hai, ise chor3akara sabhI paribhASAoM meM yaha nyAya svIkRta hai| // 122 // yatrA'nyakriyApadaM na zrUyate, tatrAstirbhavantIparaH prayujyate // 65 // jahA~ dUsarA koI bhI kriyApada na dikhAyI par3atA ho vahA~ 'asti' aura 'bhavanti' arthAt 'as' aura 'bhU' dhAtu ke rUpoM ko kriyApada ke svarUpa meM mAna lenaa| 'yatra' arthAt vAkya ke aGga-svarUpa pada-samudAya meM, isa prakAra vizeSya adhyAhAra samajha lenA aura 'asti' se 'bhavati, vidyati' Adi samAnArthaka dhAtuoM ke rUpa liye jA sakate haiM tathA 'bhavanti'-'vartamAnA' ke prayoga se upalakSaNa dvArA prakaraNAnusAra 'saptamI, paJcamI, hastanI' Adi kA bhI prayoga hotA hai / AkhyAtapadarahita hone se, vaisA pada-samudAya vAkya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| use vAkya banAne ke lie 'asti' Adi AkhyAta-pada kA avazya prayoga karanA par3atA hai| aura 'savizeSaNamAkhyAtaM vAkyam' 1/1/26 sUtra se AkhyAta-pada ko hI vAkya saMjJA kI gaI hai, ataH AkhyAtapada ke binA vAkya nahIM hotA hai, ataH AkhyAta-padarahita vAkya-svarUpa pada-samudAya meM 'asti' Adi AkhyAta pada ko adhyAhAra samajha lenA / Age kahe gae udAharaNa meM sAkSAt kriyApada kA abhAva hone se, usake vAkyatva kI kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai, ise dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| isameM 'vartamAnA' ke 'bhavanti' kA prayoga isa prakAra hotA hai / (1) 'jambudvIpastatra sapta varSANi / ' yahA~ 'asti' aura 'santi' adhyAhAra hai / (2) saptamI kA prayoga :- "zighuT' 1/1/28 'audantAH svarAH' 1/1/4 , yahA~ 'syAt' aura 'syuH' adhyAhAra haiM / (3) 'paJcamI' aura 'AzI:' 'devo mude vo vRSabhaH pare ca', yahA~ 'astu', 'santu' athavA 'bhUyAd, bhUyAsuH' adhyAhAra haiM / (4) zastanI, adyatanI aura parokSA-: 'avantyAM vikrama nRpastasya dvApaJcAzad vIrAH / ' yahA~ AsId' aura

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328 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'Asan' yA 'abhUt' aura 'abhUvan' yA 'babhUva ' aura 'babhUvuH' kA prayoga samajha lenA / (5) zvastanI-: 'ataH paraM zvo bhojanam' / yahA~ 'bhavitA' adhyAhAra hai / (6) bhaviSyantI -: 'adya nazcatuSu gavyUteSu bhojanam / bhAvinyAM tu padmanAbhaH suradeva ityAdi / ' yahA~ 'bhaviSyati' aura 'bhaviSyanti' adhyAhAra hai / kriyAtipatti kA prayoga prAyaH sAkSAt hI hotA hai kyoMki kriyAtipatti ke prayoga vinA, usakA artha pratIta nahIM hotA hai| 'tadasya paNyam' 6/4/54 ityAdi sUtra hI isa nyAya ke jJApaka haiM / yahA~ 'asti' kriyApada hai hI, anyathA arthasaMgati nahIM hotI hai tathApi 'asti' kA sAkSAt prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAya ke Azaya se hii| yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH kadAcit 'as' aura 'bhU' se bhinna dhAtuoM ke rUpoM kA prayoga bhI adhyAhAra hotA hai / udA. 'aham' 1/1/1 yahA~ 'praNidadhmahe' adhyAhAra hai / isa nyAya kA mUla 'anupapatti mUlaka tarka' hI hai / vaha isa prakAra -: 'yena vinA yadanupapannaM tena tadAkSipyate' nyAya se yahA~ AkhyAta pada' ke binA anupapanna vAkyatva, AkhyAta pada kA AkSepa karAtA hai aura sarvatra hI anya arthavAle dhAtuoM kA sambandha nahIM ho sakatA hai, aura 'sattA' arthavAle 'as', 'bhU' ityAdi kI apekSA saba kAraka meM rahatI hai, ataH inakA yahA~ prayoga hotA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya kI anityatA kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki yahA~ jaise 'bhavantIparaH' meM sthita 'bhavanti' svarUpa 'vartamAnA' ke prayoga dvArA upalakSaNa se anya vibhakti ke rUpoM kA bhI svIkAra kiyA hai vaise 'asti' ke upalakSaNa se yathAyogya anya dhAtu sambandhita prayogoM kA bhI prayoga hotA hai, isa prakAra artha karane se 'aham' 1/1/1 meM praNidadhmahe kI adhyAhAratA siddha ho jAtI hai, ataH isa nyAya ko anitya nahIM mAnanA cAhie / yaha nyAya bhI lokasiddha hone se sabhI vyAkaraNoM meM usakI pravRtti huI hai tathApi anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM ise nyAya ke rUpa meM nahIM batAyA hai / isa prakAra zrIhemahaMsagaNi dvArA samuccita paiMsaTha nyAyoM kI vRtti-vivecana pUrNa huA /

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1 dvitIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 122 ) iti kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryairviracita zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsanasya paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNibhiH svasamuccitAnAM paJcaSaSTimitanyAyAnAM dvitIyavakSaskArasya paNDita zrImahaMsagaNikRta svopajJanyAyArthamaJjUSA nAma bRhadvRttezca svopajJanyAsasya ca tapAgacchAdhirAja-zAsanasamrAT AcArya zrImadvijayane misUrIzvarANAM paTTAlaGkAra AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrIzvaraiH sandRbdhaM nyAyArthasindhuM ca taraGgaM ca kvacit kvacidupajIvya zAsana samrAT AcArya zrIvijayanemi - vijJAna- kastUra- yazobhadra - zubhaGkarasUriNAM paTTadhara AcArya zrI vijayasUryodayasUrIzvarANAM ziSya muni nandighoSavijayakRta savivaraNaM hindIbhASAnuvAdaH samAptimagAt // 329

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atha kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryaviracita zrIsiddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsanagata paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNibhiH samuccitAnAM pUrvebhyo vilakSaNAnAmaSTAdazAnAM nyAyAnAM tRtIyo vakSaskAraH // atha zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne svayaM ekatrita kiye hue kucheka nyAya aura nyAyasadRza vizeSavacana ki jo prAya: vyApakatva aura jJApaka ityAdi se rahita haiM, inakA savistAra vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| - // 123 // yadupAdhervibhASA tadupAdheH pratiSedhaH // 1 // jisa 'upAdhi' se viziSTa kI 'vibhASA' kI gaI ho, usI 'upAdhi' se viziSTa kA hI 'pratiSedha' hotA hai| 'iT' ke viSaya meM jisa 'upAdhi' se viziSTa kI vibhASA kI gaI ho, usakA hI niSedha hotA hai / 'upAdhi' arthAt vyavacchedaka vizeSaNa / jisa vizeSaNa se viziSTa dhAtu yA pratyaya sambandhita 'iT' kI vibhASA arthAt vikalpokti kI gaI ho, usI vizeSaNa se viziSTa kA hI 'veTo'pata:' 4/4/62 se 'iT' niSedha karanA kintu, usI vizeSaNa se rahita kA 'iT' niSedha nahIM mAnanA / __iSTa kA niyamana karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'gamahanavidlUvizadRzo vA' 4/4/83 se 'vilaMtI lAbhe' dhAtu se hI 'iT' niSedha hogA kyoMki vaha 'veT' hai / jabaki 'vidak jJAne' dhAtu se para meM Aye hue 'kta, ktavatu' kI Adi meM 'veTo'pataH' 4/4/62 se 'iT' niSedha nahIM hotA hai kintu nitya hI 'iTa' hotA hai / udA. 'viditaH, viditavAn' yahA~ kisIko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'gamahanavidla-'4/4/83 meM 'vidala' sAnubaMdha kA grahaNa kiyA hone se 'vindati' kA grahaNa hotA hai kyoMki vaha 'veTa' hai| jabaki 'vetti' rUpavAle 'vida' dhAtu se para meM Aye hue 'kta, ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iTa' niSedha nahIM hogA / ataH isa nyAya kI yahA~ koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yaha bAta satya hai kintu 'nAnubandhakRtAni asArUpyaM-' nyAya se anubandha se huA vairUpya mAnya nahIM hai aura 'haSitaH, hRSitavAn' arthAt tuSTaH, yahA~ 'veTo'pataH' 4/4/62 se 'iT' niSedha nahIM hogA kyoMki 'kezalomavismaya' ityAdi arthavAlA hI 'haS' dhAtu 'veT' hai / 'tRSTyarthaka hRS' dhAtu 'seT' hai / 'navA bhAvArambhe' 4/4/72 sUtra kA 'AditaH' 4/4/71 sUtra se pRthak yoga kiyA hai, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai / vaha isa prakAra -: 'Adito navA bhAvArambhe' svarUpa eka hI sUtra karane se

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 124) 331 bhI 'Adit' dhAtuoM se 'bhAva' aura 'Arambha' artha meM hue 'kta, ktavatu' pratyayoM se veTtva ke kAraNa aura anya kartA, karma ityAdi artha meM hue 'kta, ktavatu' ko 'veTo'pataH' 4/4/62 se 'iT' niSedha hogA kintu eka yoga karane se 'Adit' dhAtu se para meM 'bhAva' aura 'Arambha' artha meM hI dhAtu 'veT' hai / ataH isa nyAya se 'bhAva' aura 'Arambha' artha meM hI hue 'kta, ktavatu' pratyaya ke Adi meM 'iTa' niSedha hogA kintu kartA, karma ityAdi artha meM hue 'kta, ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iT' niSedha nahIM hogA aura sAkSAt virodha utpanna hogaa| vaha isa prakAra-: 'Adito navA bhAvArambhe' sUtra karane se 'Adit' dhAtuoM se hI para 'bhAva' aura 'Arambha' artha meM hue 'kta, ktavatu' kI Adi meM 'iT-viklpa' hogaa| jabaki 'veTo'pataH' 4/4/62 se 'bhAva' aura 'Arambha' artha meM hI hue' kta, ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iT' niSedha hotA hai aura pRthagyoga karane se kartA, karma ityAdi artha meM hue 'kta, ktavatu' kI Adi meM 'iT' kA niSedha 'AditaH' 4/4/71 se siddha hogA / jabaki 'bhAva' aura 'Arambha' artha meM hue 'kta, ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iT' kA vikalpa 'navA bhAvArambhe' 4/4/72 se hotA hai / isa prakAra 'veTo'pataH' 4/4/62 sUtra ko Adit dhAtu ke viSaya meM anavakAza banAne se usakI pravRtti nahIM hogI aura virodha dUra ho jaayegaa| isa prakAra isa nyAya se utpanna virodha ko dUra karane ke lie pRthagyoga kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| yaha nyAya vastutaH nyAya nahIM hai kintu kevala vizeSavacana hI hai| sAmAnyatayA nyAyazAstra meM sarvatra lAgu hotA hai arthAt usakI pravRtti vyApaka hotI hai| jabaki isa vacana kI pravRtti kevala 'veTo'pataH' 4/4/62 sUtra ke lie hI hai aura yahI bAta pANinIya paramparA meM 'yasya vibhASA' (pA.sU.7/ 2/15) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM bhI prApta hai| yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM saMgRhIta nahIM hai| ... // 124 // yasya yenAbhisanbandho dUrasthasyApi tena saH // 2 // jisakA, jisake sAtha sambandha ho, vaha usase dUra hone para bhI, vaha sambandha mAnya hI hai| udA. 'azvena caitraH saJcarate / ' ityAdi prayoga meM 'azvena' aura 'saJcarate' ke bIca 'caitraH' kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI, tRtIyAnta 'azvena' pada ke sAtha hI 'saJcarate' kA yoga mAnA jAtA hai, ataH vahA~ 'samastRtIyayA' 3/3/32 se Atmanepada hotA hai / sAmAnyatayA 'yoga' zabda kA artha, do ke bIca/Anantarya hI prasiddha hai / ataH yaha nyAya batAyA hai| __ yaha nyAya kevala itanA hI sUcita karatA hai ki do zabdoM ke bIca kisI bhI zabda kA vyavadhAna hone para vaha, usI zabda ke artha dvArA prayukta Anantarya sambandha kA nAza nahIM kara sakatA hai| yaha nyAya lokasiddha hI hai kyoMki loka meM do vyakti kA pitA-putra, mAtA-putrI ityAdi svarUpa sambandha, ve loga hajAroM mIla dUra hone para bhI nivRtta nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra yahA~ bhI do zabdoM ke bIca jo sambandha hai vaha kisI zabda ke vyavadhAna ke kAraNa dUra nahIM ho sakatA hai|

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332 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa ) saMkSepa meM do zabdoM ke sambandha kI vivakSA ko svIkRti denevAlA yaha nyAya hai / yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM nahIM hai / // 125 // yena vinA yanna bhavati tattasyAnimittasyApi nimittam // 3 // jisake binA, jo kArya hotA hI nahIM hai, vaha usI kArya kA nimitta nahIM hone para bhI, usakA usI kArya ke nimitta ke svarUpa meM vyapadeza kiyA jAtA hai / jo, jisake sAtha sahacarita hI dekhane ko milatA hai, kintu akelA dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai, vaha usI kArya ke lie nirnimitta ke rUpa meM prasiddha hone para bhI, usako nimitta ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai / ataH kadAcit usake abhAva meM 'nimittApAye naimittikasyApyapAyaH ' nyAya se naimittika rUpa kArya kI bhI nivRtti hotI hai / udA. 'kRtaN' dhAtu kA 'kIrttR' Adeza 'Nic' ke sAtha hI dekhane ko milatA hai / ataH 'kRt' dhAtu kA 'kRtaH kIrttiH ' 4/4/ 122 se honevAlA 'kIrttR' Adeza nirnimitta hone para bhI, 'Nic' kA usake nimitta ke rUpa meM vyapadeza hotA hai / ataH 'kRtati' prayoga meM 'anityo NiccurAdInAm' nyAya se 'Nic' anitya hone se 'Nic' ke abhAva meM 'kIrttI' Adeza bhI nahIM hotA hai / yahA~ eka zaMkA aura bhI ho sakatI hai ki yadi 'kRtaN' kA 'kIrtti' Adeza kisI bhI nimitta binA hI karanA hai, aura hotA ho to dhAtupATha meM hI 'kRtaN' ke sthAna para 'kIrttaN' upadeza arthAt pATha karanA cAhie / isake bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yadi aisA hotA to 'kRtaNa' meM RkAropadeza' acIkRtad' ityAdi prayoga meM 'RkAra' ke zravaNa ke lie hai aisA jo bRhadvRtti meM batAyA gayA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki unhoMne batAyA hai, usI prakAra se 'acIkRtad' ityAdi meM 'RkAra' zravaNamAtra hI isakA phala hai| jabaki tumhAre ( zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke) vacana anusAra 'kRtati' prayoga meM 'RkAra zravaNa bhI 'kRtaN' pATha kA hI eka anya phala hai / ataH donoM vidhAna meM paraspara spaSTa virodha AtA hai / kintu yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai / yahA~ zAstrakAra / sUtrakAra kA Azaya isa prakAra hai / 'kRta RkAropadezo'cIkRtad ityatra RkArazravaNArthaH ' vRttikAra / zAstrakAra kA yaha vidhAna samAdhAna granthasvarUpa hai / yahA~ 'kRtaNa' pATha kyoM kiyA hai, isakI carcA karate hue zAstrakAra kahate haiM ki 'kRtaN' ke sthAna para 'kIrttaN' pATha kiyA hotA to 'kIrtayati' ityAdi prayoga kI siddhi binA sUtrArambha hI ho sakatI hai, to 'kRtaN' pATha karane kI kyA jarUrata ? usakA samAdhAna dete hue ve kahate haiM ki yadi 'kIrttaN' kiyA ho to kevala 'acikIrtat' eka hI rUpa hogA aura 'acIkRtad' rUpa nahIM hogA / jabaki 'kRtaN' pATha karane se 'acIkRtad' aura 'acikIrtat' donoM rUpa siddha ho sakate haiN| yahA~ zrIlAvaNyasUrijI pUrvapakSa sthApana karate hue kahate haiM ki kucheka 'RkArazravaNArtha:' pada kA artha 'RkArazravaNamAtraphalam ' aisA karate haiM aura donoM ke bIca virodha batAte haiM, vaha ucita nahIM

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 126 ) 333 hai aura isa prakAra kA artha karake aisI zaMkA utpanna karanA ucita bhI nahIM hai kyoMki zAstrakAra ke vidhAna se 'kRtati' prayogagata 'RkArazravaNa' kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai / 'kRtaN' pATha karane se 'RvarNasya' 4/2/ 37 sUtra se upAntya RkAra aura RkAra kA 'Gaparaka Ni' pratyaya para meM Ane para hrasva 'R' hotA hai aura dIrgha 'RR' kRtaN ke sivA kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / yahI sUtra 'kIrttR' Adeza kA bAdha karatA / ataH jaba isI sUtra se 'kRt' Adeza vikalpa se hogA taba 'kIrt' Adeza nahIM hogA kintu 'kRt' Adeza nahIM hogA taba 'kIrttR' Adeza hogA hI, aura 'acikIrtat ' tathA 'acIkRtad' aise donoM rUpa siddha hoMge / yahA~ zrIlAvaNyasUrijI punaH pUrvapakSa sthApana karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi aisA ho to 'kRtaN' ke sthAna para 'kRta' pATha karanA cAhie kyoMki aisA karane se 'kRtaN' pATha ke sAmarthya se hI 'acIkRtat' rUpa siddha ho sakatA hai aura aisA karane para 'RvarNasya' 4/2/37 sUtra meM 'varNa' pada kA grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai tathA 'kRtaH kIrttiH ' 4/4/122 ke sthAna para 'kRtaH kIrti: ' sUtra karane para mAtrAlAghava bhI hotA hai / yaha bAta satya hai kintu upara batAyA usI taraha 'kRtaN' pATha karane se 'kRtait' dhAtu kA bhI 'kIrttR' Adeza hone kI zaMkA utpanna hotI hai tathA 'anityo Nica curAdInAm' nyAya se 'Nic' ke abhAva meM 'kIrttR', Adeza nahIM hone para 'kartati' svarUpa aniSTa rUpa hogA, jabaki 'kRtati' rUpa hI iSTa hai / ataH 'kRtaN' pATha hI ucita hai aura kRtati rUpa kI siddhi ke lie isa nyAya kA Azraya karanA bhI ucita hai / yaha nyAya anya paribhASAsaMgraha meM nahIM hai| // 126 // nAmagrahaNe prAyeNopasargasya na grahaNam // 4 // 'nAma' ke grahaNa se prAyaH 'upasarga' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / 'upasarga' bhI eka prakAra kA 'nAma' hI kahA jAtA hai ataH usakI prApti thI usakA niSedha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'upaspRzati' prayoga meM 'upa' upasarga svarUpa nAma ke para meM 'spRz' dhAtu hone para bhI 'spRzo'nudakAt' 5/1/149 sUtra se 'kvip' nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'upaspRk' prayoga sAdhu / ucita nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / yahA~ nyAya meM 'prAyeNa' zabda rakhA hai, vaha aisA sUcita karatA hai ki kvacit 'nAm' ke grahaNa se upasarga kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / udA. 'arddha bhajati arddhabhAk prayoga meM jaise 'arddha' sera meM Aye hue 'bhaj' dhAtu se 'bhajo viN' 5 / 1 / 146 'viN' pratyaya huA hai vaise 'prabhAk' prayoga meM bhI 'pra' upasarga ko 'nAma' mAnakara 'bhajo viN '5/1/146 se 'viN' pratyaya hogA aura 'prabhAk' rUpa siddha hogA / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI ne batAyA hai usI prakAra, yaha nyAya kahIM bhI nyAya ke svarUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai / kevala saMbhAvanAmUlaka hI yaha nyAya hai aura isa nyAya kI koI AvazyakatA bhI dikhAyI nahIM par3atI hai / jisa udAharaNa ke lie zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne yaha nyAya batAyA hai, usakI siddhi anya prakAra se bhI ho sakatI hai aura vaha isa prakAra hai| 'spRzo'nudakAt' 5 /1/149 sUtra meM 'anudakAt'

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nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) zabda meM 'paryudAsa naJ' hai aura 'paryudAsaH sadRggrAhI' ukti ke AdhAra para yahA~ 'anudakAt' kA artha 'udaka' zabda se bhinna tathA 'udaka' sadRza arthAt 'dravyavAcI nAma' hotA hai, ataH udaka ko chor3akara anya dravyavAcI 'nAma' se para Aye hue 'spRz' dhAtu se isI sUtra dvArA 'kvip' pratyaya hogA aura bRhadvRtti meM bhI aisA hI kahA hai' / ataH paryudAsa naJ ke bala para, yaha nivAraNa hotA hai ataH isa nyAya kA yahA~ koI upayoga nahIM hai, aisA siddha hotA hai| yadi zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ko vaha iSTa hotA to avazya isa nyAya kA upayoga kiyA hotA / anya upAya hone se, yaha nayA nyAya nahIM banAnA cAhie / kadAcit anyatra kvacit isa nyAya kA upayoga ho sakatA hai kintu prastuta udAharaNa meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti ucita nahIM lagatI hai / aura anya prayoga meM 'nAma' se upasarga kA grahaNa hotA hI hai| - yaha nyAya anya kisI bhI vyAkaraNa meM nahIM hai| // 127 // sAmAnyAtideze vizeSasya nAtidezaH // 5 // sAmAnya kA atideza huA ho to vizeSa kA atideza nahIM hotA hai| . anyatra prasiddha artha kA anyatra kathana karanA atideza kahA jAtA hai yA kisI eka padArtha ke dharma yA lakSaNa kA anya meM AropaNa karanA atideza kahA jAtA hai / 'nirvizeSaM na sAmAnyam' vacanAnusAra, vastutaH vizeSa kA sAmAnya meM samAveza ho jAtA hai / ataH aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki sAmAnya kA atideza hotA hai taba vizeSa kA bhI atideza ho hI jAtA hai kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai| aisA batAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'bhUtavaccAzaMsye vA' 5/4/2 sUtra meM 'bhUtavat' svarUpa sAmAnya se atideza karane se 'anadyatanatva' yA 'parokSatva' viziSTa bhUtakAla kA atideza nahIM hotA hai| ata eva 'upAdhyAyazcedAgamat ete tarkamadhyagISmahi' ityAdi prayoga meM donoM sthAna para 'bhUtavaccA' -5/4/2 sUtra se bhUtakAla mAtra lakSaNayuktaH adyatanI ke pratyaya hue haiN| kintu anadyatanatva viziSTa 'hastanI' yA parokSatva viziSTa 'parokSA' ke pratyaya nahIM hue haiM / yahA~ 'bhUtatva' sAmAnya dharma hai, jabaki anadyatanatvaviziSTa bhUtatva aura parokSatvaviziSTa bhUtatva, kahane para 'anadyatanatva' aura 'parokSatva', donoM vizeSadharma banate haiM / sAmAnya dharma sadaiva vyApaka hotA hai jabaki vizeSadharma vyApya hotA hai / yaha nyAya lokavyavahArasiddha hai kyoMki loka meM bhI jaba manuSya meM 'pazutva' svarUpa sAmAnya kA atideza hotA hai taba vahA~ usake 'gotva, zRGgItva' Adi svarUpa vizeSa dharmakA atideza nahIM hotA hai| isa nyAya kA dUsarA artha isa prakAra bhI ho sakatA hai ki sAmAnya kA atideza hotA hai taba vizeSa kA atideza nahIM hotA hai kintu vizeSa (dharma) kA atideza hotA he taba sAmAnya (dharma) kA atideza avazya hotA hai| udA. brAhmaNa ke kaThatva Adi rUpa vizeSa dharma kA anya kisI puruSa meM atideza kiyA jAtA hai to usake sAtha sAtha 'brAhmaNatva' rUpa sAmAnya dharma kA avazya atideza 'anudaka' iti paryudAsAzrayaNAdudakasadRzamanupasarga nAma gRhyate, teneha na bhavati upaspRzati /

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 128) 335 hotA hI hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM yaha nyAya vArtika ke svarUpa meM upalabdha hai aura vaha 'sthAnivadAdezo'nalvidhau (pA.sU.1/1/56) ke mahAbhASya meM hai| siddhahema ke 'IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/3/97 sUtragata 'ayapi' ke arthavAcI 'na lyapi' (pA.sU. 6/4/69) sUtra dvArA pANinIya paramparA meM isa nyAya kI anityatA batAyI hai usI prakAra yahA~ bhI anityatA batAI jA sakatI hai| vaha isa prakAra-: "ktvA' pratyayagata 'kittva' svarUpa vizeSa dharma kA atideza karane para hI 'Itva' kI prApti ho sakatI hai aura 'kittva' vizeSa dharma hai / usakA isa nyAya se atideza nahIM ho sakatA hai aura vahI atideza na hone para ayapi' se kiyA gayA niSedha vyartha hotA hai / vaha vyartha hokara isa nyAya kI anityatA ko sUcita karatA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne batAyA hai usI prakAra navIna vaiyAkaraNa 'ktvA' pratyaya ke 'kittva' ko vizeSa dharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ataH unake matAnusAra 'ayapi' niSedha dvArA isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| aba prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki 'ktvA' pratyaya ke 'kittva' ko sAmAnya dharma mAnanA yA vizeSa dharma ? 'ktvA pratyaya ke pratyayatva yA kRtpratyayatva ko sAmAnya dharma mAnA jAya to 'kittva' vizeSa dharma ho jAtA hai kyoMki sAmAnya dharma aura vizeSa dharma paraspara sApekSa haiM / aura to Upara batAyI paddhati se isa nyAya kI anityatA kA jJApana karanA saMbhava hai| yaha nyAya siddhahema ke pUrvavartI aura sabase prAcIna vyADi ke paribhASAsUcana, vyADiparibhASApATha va zAkaTAyana meM hI hai / jabaki siddhahema ke pazcAtkAlIna sabhI paribhASAsaMgrahoM meM yaha nyAya vidyamAna hai| // 128 // sarvatrApi vizeSeNa sAmAnyaM bAdhate na tu sAmAnyena vizeSaH // 6 // sarvatra vizeSa zAstra dvArA sAmAnya zAstra kA bAdha hotA hai kintu sAmAnya zAstra dvArA vizeSa zAstra kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai| . vizeSazAstra sAmAnyazAstra kA vyApya hai aura sAmAnyazAstra. vizeSazAstra kA vyApaka hai arthAt sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke bIca vyApaka-vyApya sambandha hai / tArkika sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM paraspara bAdhya-bAdhaka bhAva nahIM mAnate haiM / kintu vyAkaraNa meM hai, usakA sUcana isa nyAya se hotA hai| ata: vyAkaraNazAstra meM sarvatra vizeSazAstra, sAmAnyazAstra kA bAdha karatA hai, kintu sAmAnyazAstra vizeSazAstra kA kadApi bAdha nahIM karatA hai / loka meM bhI vizeSa kA abhidhAna kiyA ho to, jahA~ vizeSa ho vahA~ sAmAnya hone para bhI usakA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vahA~ vizeSa kI mukhyatA hotI hai| yahA~ 'sarvatra' kA artha 'vartamAna meM prApta avasthA meM aura bhaviSya meM prApta hone vAlI avasthA meM bhI' liyA gayA hai| yahA~ prApta avasthA kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai :- 'kas arthH|' sthiti meM si (sa) kA 'so

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336 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) ru:' 2/1/72 se 'ru' hone ke bAda 'roryaH ' 1 / 3 / 26 sUtra se 'ru' kA 'y' hone kI prApti hai kintu 'rorya: 1/3/26 sAmAnyasvaranimittaka hai ataH usakA 'ato'ti roru: '1/3/20 se bAdha hogA, aura usakI hI pravRtti hogI kyoMki 'ato'ti roru: 1/3/20 kevala akAra paranimittaka hone se vizeSa sUtra hai / prApsyad avasthA kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai : 'so'haM tathApi tava - ' ( bhaktAmarastotra zloka5 ) ityAdi prayoga meM 'rorya: ' 1/3/26, 'tadaH se:- ' 1/3/45 aura 'ato'ti roru : ' 1/3/20 sUtra kI prApti kA vicAra karanA hai / 'rorya: ' 1 / 3 / 26 sAmAnya sUtra hai kyoMki usakA viSaya pratyeka 'ru' hai / usakI apekSA se 'tadaH se:- ' 1/3 / 45 sUtra vizeSa sUtra hai kyoMki usakA viSaya kevala 'si' hI hai| jabaki 'ato'ti roru : ' 1 / 3 / 20 uparyukta donoM sUtroM se bhI vizeSa sUtra hai kyoMki uparyukta donoM sUtra svarasAmAnyanimittaka hai / jabaki yaha sUtra kevala akAranimittaka hI hai / yahA~ 'tadaH se: ' - 1/3/45 kI prApti hai, taba 'rorya : ' 1/3/26 aura 'ato'ti roru : ' 1/3/20 sUtra kI prApti hone se pahale 'so ru' 2/1/72 sUtra kI pravRtti hotI hai arthAt ina donoM sUtra kI prApti 'so ru H ' 2/1/72 sUtra se antarita hai ataH prApsyad avasthA kahI jAtI hai / yadi 'tadaH se:- ' 1/3/45 se 'si' kA luk na kiyA jAya to 'so ru' 2/1/72 sUtra kI pravRtti hone ke bAda hI 'rorya: ' 1/3/26 aura 'ato'ti roru : ' 1/3/20 sUtra kI pravRtti hotI hai / ataH 'tadaH se: ' 1/3 / 45 rUpa vizeSa sUtra se 'rorya : ' 1 / 3 / 26 rUpa sAmAnya sUtra kA bAdha hogA aura 'tadaH se:- ' 1/3/45 kI pravRtti hone para 'so ru' 2/1/72 sUtra kA bhI bAdha hogA aura 'so ru : ' 2/1/72 kI pravRtti nahIM hogI to 'rorya: ' 1 / 3 / 26 sUtra kI bhI pravRtti nahIM hogI / 'ato'ti roru : ' 1/3/20 kI prApti hogI taba 'so ru : ' 2/1/72 sUtra kI pravRtti kA bAdha nahIM hogA kyoMki isa nyAya se 'ato'ti roru : ' 1/3/20 sUtra se 'tadaH se: ' - 1 / 3 / 45 kA hI dha hotA hai / ata: 'ato'ti roru : ' 1 / 3 / 20 sUtra baliSTha hone se, 'so ru: '2/1/72 sUtra kI pravRttipUrvaka hI usakI pravRtti hogI aura 'so'ham ' rUpa kI siddhi hogI / 'nyAyasaMgraha' ke yahI prApsyad avasthA ke udAharaNa kA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne khaMDana kiyA hai aura zrImahaMsagaNi ko bhI yahI udAharaNa mAnya nahIM hai kyoMki ve svayaM kahate haiM ki isa udAharaNa meM hamane isa nyAya kA upayoga kiyA hai, vaha, 'tadaH se: ' - 1 / 3 / 45 sUtra meM laghunyAsakAra ne nyAsa meM isI udAharaNa meM isa nyAya kA upayoga batAyA hai, usake anusAra hai| anyathA isa nyAya ke binA upayoga hI, kevala 'pAdArthA' pada dvArA hI yahA~ 'si' ke luk kA abhAva siddha ho hI jAtA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai:- 'tadaH se: ' -1 / 3 / 45 se 'si' kA lopa taba hI hotA hai ki yadi usI lopa se pAdapUrti hotI ho / yahA~ 'si' kA lopa karane para 'sAhaM tathApi' aura na karane para 'so'haM tathApi' donoM paddhatiyoM se pAdapUrti hotI hai, ataH 'tadaH se ::- 1/3/45 se 'si' lopa anivArya nahIM hai, tathApi laghunyAsakAra ne 'si' lopa ke niSedha karane ke lie isa udAharaNa meM isa nyAya kA upayoga kiyA

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 129) 337 hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai / 'si' lopa karane ke bAda 'sAhaM' rUpa hogA taba yahA~ strIliMga yA puliMga kA saMdeha hotA hai, vaha dUsarA dUSaNa hai, ata eva 'si' kA lopa na karanA cAhie / vastutaH yaha nyAya 'takrakauNDinya' nyAya kA hI prapaMca hai / 'takraM deyamasmai sa takradeyaH, sa cAsau kauNDinyazca takrakauNDinyaH' yahA~ 'mayUravyaMsakAditva' se 'deya' zabda kA lopa huA hai / yaha nyAya isa prakAra hai / jaise 'dvijebhyo dadhi deyam' (brAhmaNa ko dadhi denA ) kahakara kauNDinyAya takraM deyaM' (kauNDinya ko chAza denA) kahA ho to kauNDinya ko dadhi dene kA sAkSAt zabda dvArA niSedha nahIM hai tathApi niSedha kI pratIti hotI hai| isa prakAra vizeSa lakSaNa svarUpa vidhi dvArA pUrvokta sAmAnya lakSaNa svarUpa vidhi kA bAdha, zabda se kahA nahIM hai, tathApi ho hI jAtA hai| udA. 'vyaJjanAderekasvarAda bhRzAbhIkSNye yaGvA' 3/4/9 sUtra se sAmAnyatayA 'bhRzAbhIkSNya' artha meM 'yaG' kA vidhAna karake, punaH 'gatyarthAtkuTile' 3/4/11 se vizeSa vidhi kahI hai ataH gati arthavAcaka dhAtu se bhRzAbhIkSNya artha meM 'yaG' kA niSedha anukta hone para bhI gamyamAna hai / usI prakAra yahA~ bhI vizeSavidhi dvArA sAmAnyavidhi kA bAdha hotA hai, itanA hI sUcita huA hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI 'tArkikANAM mate sAmAnyavizeSayorbAdhyabAdhakabhAvo nAsti' ukti ko aprAsaMgikI batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki tarka ityAdi zAstra meM pramANa-prameya ke bAre meM vicAra kiyA gayA hone se, vidhi-niSedha kA abhAva hotA hai / jabaki yaha bAdhya-bAdhakabhAva vidhi-niSedha sambandhita hai ataH vidhi-niSedha jisa meM AtA hai vaise dharmazAstra- vyAkaraNazAstra Adi meM isa nyAya kI pravRtti hotI hai / vyAkaraNa meM sAmAnyazAstra, vidhizAstraparaka mAnA jAtA hai/hotA hai aura vizeSazAstra prAyaH niSedhaparaka hotA hai| yaha nyAya anavakAzamUlaka hI hai aura 'yena nAprApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa tasyaiva bAdhakaH' nyAya meM hI isa nyAya kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, ataH isako bhinna nyAya ke svarUpa meM nahIM mAnanA caahie| apavAda ke sthAna para bhI sAmAnya-vizeSabhAva prayukta hI bAdhya-bAdhakabhAva hotA hai| isa nyAya kA kahIM kahIM 'utsargAdapavAdaH' nyAya meM samAveza kiyA hai kyoMki utsarga sAmAnya vidhi hai aura apavAda vizeSa vidhi hai| // 129 // Gittvena kittvaM bAdhyate // 7 // 'Gittva' dvArA 'kittva' kA bAdha hotA hai / yaha nyAya 'balAbalokti' nyAya hai / isa prakAra agalA nyAya bhI 'balAbalokti' nyAya hai| udA. 'NUt stavane' dhAtu 'kuTAdi' hai / 'nuvitaH, praNuvitaH / ' yahA~ 'uvarNAt' 4/4/58 se 'kit' pratyaya ke Adi meM honevAle 'iT' kA niSedha nahIM huA hai / yaha 'NUt' dhAtu 'kuTAdi' hone se 'kuTAderDidvadaNit' 4/3/17 se 'kta' meM 'Gittva' AyegA aura vahI 'Gittva', 'kittva' kA bAdha karegA, ataH kitpratyaya nimittaka, iT niSedha nahIM hogA / 'Gittva' dvArA hI 'kittva' kA bAdha 21

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338 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) hogA, aisA kyoM ? 'prakRtya' yahA~ yapa pit hai kintu vaha jisake sthAna para huA hai vaha ktvA, kita hai arthAt 'yap' meM kittva bhI AyegA, isakA pittva dvArA bAdha nahIM hogA, ataH 'kR' ke 'R' kA guNa nahIM hogaa| 'Gittva' dvArA hI 'kittva' kA bAdha hotA hai, aisA kyoM ? 'dhuMt gatisthairyayoH' dhAtu 'kuTAdi' hai| 'pradhrutya' meM 'ktvA' pratyaya kA 'yapa' Adeza huA hai / yahA~ 'yap' meM 'ktvA' kA 'kittva' bhI AyA hai aura dhAtu 'kuTAdi' hone se 'kuTAdedvidaNit' 4/3/17 se 'Gittva' bhI aayegaa| yahI 'Gittva' yap ke 'kittva' kA hI bAdha karegA, ataH guNa nahIM hogA kintu 'yap'ke 'pittva' kA bAdha nahIM karegA / ataH 'hasvasya taH pitkRti' 4/4/113 se 't' kA Agama hogA hii| yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH kvacit 'Gittva ' se 'kittva' kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'praNUtavAn' prayoga bhI hotA hai arthAt kittvanimittaka, iT niSedha ho hI jAtA hai| yahA~ 'Gittvena kittvaM' upalakSaNa hai, ataH anyatra bhI dhAtu Adi kI pUrvAvasthA ke anubandha kA uttarAvasthA ke anubandha dvArA bAdha hotA hai / vaha dhAtu sambandhita isa prakAra hai-'cakSi' dhAtu ke Adeza-svarUpa 'kzAMg' aura 'khyAMga' ke 'gittva' dvArA pUrvAvasthA ke 'idittva' kA bAdha hotA hai| dhAtu kA Adeza dhAtu jaisA hI mAnA jAtA hai, ataH 'kzAMg' aura 'khyAMg' meM 'idittva' AtA hone se nitya Atmanepada hone kI prApti hai, tathApi 'gittva' se 'idittva' kA bAdha huA hai, ataH nitya Atmanepada kI nivRtti hokara, dhAtu ubhayapadI ho jAyegA, aura 'Acakhyau Acaravye' ityAdi rUpa hoNge| pratyaya sambandhita isa prakAra hai-udA. 'yutAt' / yahA~ 'tuv' pratyaya 'vit' hai / jaba isakA Adeza 'tAtaG', 'Git' hai / vahI 'Gittva' se 'vittva' kA bAdha hogaa| ataH 'uta aurviti vyaJjane 'dveH' 4/3/59 se 'au' nahIM hogA / kvacit bAdha nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'prakRtya', yahA~ 'yap' ke pittva dvArA, 'ktvA' ke kittva kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai, ata: guNa nahIM huA hai / yadi bAdha hotA to guNa ho hI jaataa| jaba eka hI pratyaya meM 'kittva' aura 'Gittva' svarUpa do dharma prApta hoM aura donoM sambandhita paraspara viruddha kArya kI prApti ho to Gittvanimitaka kArya kiyA jAya yA kittvanimittaka kArya kiyA jAya ? aisA saMdeha hotA hai| usI saMdeha ko dUra karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai arthAt jahA~ 'kittva' pUrvavyavasthita ho yA svAbhAvika ho aura 'Gittva' bAda meM kisI bhI sUtra dvArA AyA ho, vahA~ Gittvanimittaka hI kArya hotA hai| 'Gittva' aura 'kittva' meM apane meM bAdhyabAdhakabhAva nahIM hai, kintu unake kArya meM paraspara bAdhyabAdhakabhAva hai ataH Gittvanimittaka kArya se kittvanimittakakArya kA bAdha hotA hai, aisA samajhanA / 'yap' ke 'pittva' ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'yap' ke 'pittva' kA 'Gittva' se bAdha hotA hai, aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki 'Gittva' kI apekSAse 'pittva' svAbhAvika

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tRtIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 129 ) 339 hai aura ' Gittva', 'ktvA' pratyaya meM hI dhAtu ke kuTAditva ke kAraNa AtA hai kintu 'yap' meM nahIM AtA hai kyoMki yap, ktvA pratyaya kA Adeza hone se isameM pratyayatva nahIM hai kintu pratyaya ke sthAna meM huA hai ataH isameM pratyayatva A sakatA hai, ataH sAkSAt pratyayatvayukta 'ktvA' pratyaya meM hI ' Gittva' kI pravRtti karanI cAhie aura 'yap' meM AyA huA ' Gittva' sthAnidharma svarUpa hai, jabaki pittva 'yap' kA apanA dharma hai / ataH 'yap' para meM Ane para pittvanimittaka kArya hotA hI hai / zrI lAvaNyasUrijI kI yahI bAta ucita hai / 'Gittva' dvArA 'kittva' kA bAdha hotA hai, aisA nyAya meM batAyA hai kintu 'Gittva' dvArA 'pittva' kA bAdha nahIM hotA hai aisA kahakara 'pradhutya' meM pittvanimittaka 'tU' kA Agama huA hai| zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne diye hue udAharaNa meM 'pittva' dvArA 'kittva' bAdha nahIM hotA hai aisA batAyA hai / ktvA pratyaya kA 'kittva' 'yap' meM sthAnidharma ke rUpa meM AtA hI hai tathApi 'yap' ke pittva se kittva kA bAdha hokara guNa kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / Upara batAyA usI prakAra pUrvAvasthA ke anubandhakatva ko sthAnidharma aura uttarAvasthA ke anubandhakatva ko svAbhAvika dharma mAnane para aura usI prakAra se svAbhAvika anubandhakatvanimittaka kArya kI hI prApti hotI hai aisA svIkAra karane para upalakSaNa se pUrvAvasthA ke anubandhakatva kA uttarAvasthA ke anubandhakatva dvArA bAdha hotA hai, aise nyAya kA svIkAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai / isa prakAra 'cakSU' ke sthAna para hue 'ravyAMga kzAMg' ke apane gittvanimittaka kArya hogA hI / tathA 'yutAt'Adi meM bhI apane Gittvanimittaka guNAbhAva hogA kintu 'tuv' meM sthita vittvanimittaka guNa nahIM hogA / kintu yaha bAta eka hI kArya kI prApti aura niSedha kI hai kintu jaba pUrvAvasthA ke anubandhanimittakakArya aura uttarAvasthA ke anubandhanimittakakArya bhinna bhinna viSayaka hoM to, usI anubandha meM paraspara bAdhyabAdhakabhAva nahIM rahatA hai udA. 'prakRtya' meM ktvA ke 'kittva' se guNa nahIM hotA hai aura 'yap' ke 'pittva' se 't' kA Agama bhI hogaa| kA, pANinIya vaiyAkaraNa tathA anya vaiyAkaraNa, isa nyAya kI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, kintu jahA~ pUrvasthita 'kittva' Gitva se bAdha iSTa hai, vahA~ ve 'yena nA'prApte-' nyAya se kAma calAte hai / isa prakAra 'nuvita:' ityAdi prayoga meM avazyaprApta 'kittva' kA, kuTAditva ke kAraNa prayukta ' Gittva' se bAdha hotA hai / - bhASyakAra ne 'kittva' kA 'Gittva 'se bAdha karanA ucita nahIM mAnA hai / bhASyakAra kI carcA kAsAra isa prakAra hai yadyapi 'kit' aura 'Git' donoM pratyaya para meM Ane para guNaniSedha hotA hai / isa dRSTi se 'kittva' aura 'Gittva' donoM kA kArya samAna hI hai / vaha kisI bhI eka anubandha se siddha ho sakatA hai / tathApi 'kit' pratyaya para meM Ane para 'uvarNAt' 4/4/58 se 'iT' niSedha hotA hai, vaha ' Git' pratyaya para meM Ane para nahIM hotA hai, ataH donoM kA bhinna-bhinna kathana karanA jarUrI hai isa prakAra donoM anubandhoM kA bhinna bhinna phala batAyA, ataH kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI . hai ki kvacit Gittva se kittva kA bAdha hotA hai ataH iniSedha nahIM hotA hai, isa prakAra 'nuvitvA,

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340 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) dhuvitvA' Adi rUpa siddha hote hai| isI zaMkA kA uttara dete hue bhASyakAra ne kahA hai ki 'kuTAditva' ke kAraNa prayukta Atidezika 'Gittva' dvArA, aupadezika arthAt svAbhAvika 'kittva' kI nivRtti saMbhava hI nahIM hai / aura 'ktvA' pratyaya meM 'kittva' rahatA hI hai ataH 'nUtvA' dhUtvA' ityAdi rUpa bhI iSTa haiM / yahA~ 'Gittva' dvArA 'kittva' kA bAdha iSTa nahIM hai, kintu yena nA' prApte-' nyAyamUlaka hI bAdha 'iSTa hai aura jahA~ jahA~ 'Gittva' ho vahA~ vahA~ sarvatra 'kittva' kI prApti nahIM hotI hai / udA. 'nuvitum'| . yahA~ 'tuma' meM 'kittva' hai hI nahIM / isa prakAra pANinIya vaiyAkaraNa ne isa nyAya kA svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai aisA pratIta hotA hai / ___ anya kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM bhI isa nyAya ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai / // 130 // parAdantaraGga balIya : // 8 // para kArya se antaraGga kArya balavAn hotA hai / udA. 'syomA' yahA~ 'sIvyati' 'siv' dhAtu se 'mana-van-' 5/1/147 se 'man' pratyaya hone para 'anunAsike ca cchvaH zUTa' 4/1/108 sUtra, yvoH pvyavyaJjane luk' 4/4/121 sUtra se honevAle 'va' lopa kA apavAda hai,ataH aura ' laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 sUtra se honevAle guNa kI apekSA se 'UTa' nitya hai, ataH 'va' lopa aura guNa kA bAdha kara ke 'UTa' prathama hogA / ataH 'si U+man' hogaa| isa paristhiti meM upAntya' 'i' kA guNa aura 'ya' donoM hone kI prApti hai kintu guNa pratyayanimittaka yA bAhyanimittaka hai ataH vaha bahiraGga hai, usakI apekSA se yatvavidhi antaraGga hai / aba guNa, 'ya' Adeza kI apekSA se para hone para bhI, isa nyAya se prathama 'i' kA 'ya' hogA ata: 'sy + U + man' hogA / bAda meM 'UTa' kA 'nAmino guNo'kGiti' 4/3/1 se guNa hogA aura 'syoman' zabda kI siddhi hokara prathamA vibhakti ekavacana meM 'syomA' rUpa hogA / isa nyAya ke bAre meM carcA karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne kahA hai ki yadyapi 'parAnnityam', 'nityAdantaraGgam', ina donoM nyAyoM se hI isa nyAya kA artha prApta hI hai kyoMki 'para' kArya se 'nitya' kArya balavAn hai aura nitya kArya se antaraGga kArya balavAn hai , aisA kahane se hI para kArya se antaraGga kArya balavAn hai, aisA siddha ho hI jAtA hai tathApi, 'parAnnityam' aura 'nityAdantaraGgam' nyAya kI taraha bRhadvRtti aura bRhannyAsa Adi meM 'parAdantaraGgam' nyAya kA bhI bhinna bhinna udAharaNoM meM avatAra kiyA gayA dikhAyI paDatA hai, ataH yaha nyAya batAyA gayA hai| . zabdamahArNava (bRhan) nyAsa meM 'lokAt'1/1/3 sUtra meM 'syona' zabda kI siddhi karane meM isa nyAya kA upayoga batAyA hai / 'parAnnityam' aura 'nityAdantaraGgam' se hI para kArya se nitya kArya ke balavattva kA bodha ho jAtA hai, ataH anya kisI bhI paramparA meM isa nyAya ko batAyA nahIM hai /

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341 tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 131) // 131 // pratyayalope'pi pratyayalakSaNaM kAryaM vijJAyate // 9 // 'pratyaya' kA lopa hone para bhI, usI pratyayanimittaka kArya hotA hai| 'luk' aura 'lup' donoM kA vAcaka 'lopa' zabda hai, tathApi 'luka' meM sthAnivadbhAva se kArya siddha ho jAtA hai / ataH 'lup' meM isa nyAya kA adhikAra AtA hai arthAt yahA~ 'lopa' zabda se 'lup' kA grahaNa karanA / pratyaya kA 'lup' hone para, 'lupyayvRllenat' 7/4/112 sUtra se 'yavRt' latva' aura 'enat' Adeza ke varjana se aisA kahA hai ki 'yavRt' latva' aura 'enat' se bhinna 'luptapratyayanimittaka' koI bhI kArya nahIM hotA hai, tathApi 'luptapratyayAntanirdiSTa' anya kArya kI anumati prApta karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| udA. 'mAsena pUrvAya mAsapUrvAya' / yahA~ 'mAsena pUrvAya' meM 'tRtIyAntAt pUrvAvaraM yoge '1/ 4/13 sUtra se sarvAditva kA niSedha huA hai| aba 'mAsapUrvAya' samAsa meM 'mAsa' zabda se tRtIyA vibhakti kA 'aikAyeM ' 3/2/8 se lopa huA hai, tathApi tRtIyAnta ke kAraNa honevAle 'sarvAditva' kA niSedha yahA~ bhI hogaa| tathA 'pApacIti' / yahA~ 'lubantaraGgebhyaH' nyAya se prathama hI 'yaG' pratyaya kA lopa hone para bhI isa nyAya se yaGantalakSaNa dvitva 'sanyaGazca' 4/1/3 sUtra se hogaa| _ 'sijvido'bhuvaH' 4/2/92 sUtragata 'bhU' ke varjana dvArA isa nyAya kA jJApana huA hai| yahA~ 'abhUvan' meM 'an' ke 'pus' Adeza kA niSedha karane ke lie 'bhU' kA varjana kiyA hai| vastutaH 'an' ke 'pus' Adeza kI prApti hI yahA~ nahIM hai kyoMki 'bhU' dhAtu se para Aye hue 'sic' kA 'pibaitidAbhUsthaH sico lup-' 4/3/66 sUtra se lopa hotA hai, ata: sijanta bhU' milanevAlA nahIM aura 'sijvido'bhuva:' 4/2/92 meM 'sijanta' kA grahaNa kiyA hai,tathApi 'bhU' dhAtu kA varjana kiyA hai isase sUcita hotA hai ki 'luptasijanta' ko bhI isa nyAya se 'sijantalakSaNa' kArya hogaa|' yaha nyAya anitya hai, ata eva 'yaudheya' zabda kA 'aJ' ke lopavidhAyaka 'dreraJaNo'prAcyabhargAdeH' 6/1/123 sUtragata 'bhargAdi' gaNa meM pATha kiyA hai / isa prayoga kI sAdhanikA isa prakAra hai / 'yudhA' nAmaka kisI strI ke saMtAna artha meM 'yudhA' zabda se, (yudhAyA apatyAni) dvisvarAdanadyAH'6/1/71 se 'eyaNa' pratyaya hokara 'yaudheyAH' hogaa| te zastrajIvisAH strItvaviziSTAH' arthayukta 'yaudheya' Adi zabda se 'yaudheyAdeH'- 7/3/65 se drisaMjJaka 'an' pratyaya hogA, bAda meM strItvaviziSTa kI vivakSA meM 'aNajeyekaNa- 2/4/20 sUtra se GI pratyaya hokara 'yaudheyI' zabda hogA / isakA prathamA vibhakti bahuvacana meM 'yaudheyyaH' rUpa hogA / yahA~ 'aJanta yaudheya' zabda ke 'aJ' kA 'dreraNo- '6/1/123 se lopa honekI prApti hai aura ab' kA lopa karane para 'nimittAbhAve-' nyAya se agnimittaka' u' kI vRddhi kI nivRtti hone para 'yudheyyaH' rUpa hogA, kintu yaha bAta sahI pratIta nahIM hotI hai kyoMki 'yaudheya' meM u kI vRddhi 'For Private &Personal use only. .

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342 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 'eyaNa' nimittaka hai, kintu agnimittaka nahIM hai, ataH eyaNa kI nivRtti hone para hI 'u' kI vRddhi kI nivRtti hotI hai, ataH yahA~ "lopAbhAvAttu 'yaudheyyaH' ityeva sthitam " kahanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai / bAda meM 'yaudheyInAM saGgro yaudheyam' yahA~ 'aJantalakSaNa aN', 'saGghaghoSAGkalakSaNe'JyaJiJaH' 6/1/172 sUtra se karanA hai / isalie 'bhargAdi' gaNa meM 'yaudheya' zabda kA pATha kiyA hai / ataH 'yaudheya' zabdastha 'zastrajIvisaMgha' arthavAle 'aJ' kA lopa nahIM hotA hai / yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, 'aJ' lopa hone para bhI 'saGghaghoSAGka' - 6/3/172 se aJantalakSaNa ' aN' hotA hI, to isake lie 'yaudheya' zabdakA 'bhargAdi' gaNa meM pATha karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, tathApi 'bhargAdi' gaNameM pATha kiyA, vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ko sUcita karatA hai / ata: 'aJ' kA lopa hone se, kadAcit 'aN' nahIM hogA aisI AzaMkA se hI 'bhargAdi' gaNa meM 'yaudheya' zabda kA pATha kiyA hai / I yadi 'yaudheya' zabda kA 'bhargAdi' gaNa meM pATha na kiyA hotA to, kyA hotA ? isake bAre meM isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yadi 'bhargAdi' gaNa meM pATha na kiyA hotA to 'dreraJaNo'prAcyabhargAdeH 6/1/123 se 'aJ' kA lopa hotA aura 'saGghaghoSAGka'- 6/3/172 se 'aN' na hokara 'gotrAdadaNDa- ' 6/3/169 se 'akaJ' pratyaya hotA / jaise 'pAJcAlasya rAjJo'patyAni, ' artha meM 'rASTrakSatriyAt' - 6 / 1 / 114 se drisaMjJaka 'aJ' pratyaya hokara 'bahuSvastriyAm' 6/1/124 se 'aJ' pratyaya kA lopa hone para 'paJcAlAH ' hogA / bAda meM 'paJcAlAnAM saGghaH' artha meM, yaha nyAya anitya hone se 'aJ' ke abhAva meM 'saGgha ghoSAGka- '6/3/172 kI prApti nahIM hogI aura 'gotrAdadaNDa' 6/3/169 se 'akaJ hone para 'pAJcAlakam' hogaa| usI prakAra yahA~ 'yaudheyI' zabda se bhI 'akaJ' hogA kintu AcAryazrI ko vaha iSTa nahIM hai, ataH bhargAdigaNa meM 'yaudheya' zabda kA pATha karake isa nyAya kI anityatA batAyI hai / yaha nyAya kAtaMtra kI donoM paribhASAvRttiyoM, kAtaMtraparibhASApATha, kAlApa va jainendra meM prApta hai, anyatra nahIM / // 132 // vidhiniyamayorvidhireva jyAyAn // 10 // 'vidhi' aura 'niyama' meM se vidhi hI zreSTha hai / sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke do prakAra haiM / (1) vidhirUpa vyAkhyA (2) niyamarUpa vyAkhyA ( 1 ) vidhi arthAt jahA~ pUrNarUpa se prApti na ho, vahA~ prApti karanA (2) niyama arthAt pAkSika yA vikalpa se prApti ho vahA~ nitya prApti karAnA yA anya sAmAnya sUtra se honevAle vidhipradeza meM se, kucha maryAdita pradeza meM, usakI prApti kA punaH kathana karake, usI maryAdita pradeza ko chor3akara anya zeSa pradeza meM usI kArya kI aprApti karAnA 'niyama' kahA jAtA hai / udA. 'daNDin' zabda meM 'ni dIrghaH' 1/4/85 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi kA hI 'inhanpUSAryamNaH zisyo: ' 1/4/87 se punaH kathana karake niyamana kiyA hai| yahA~ 'ni dIrgha : ' 1/4/85 kA vizAla

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tRtIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 133 ) 343 pradeza hai / isa sUtra kA kAryapradeza 'zeSaghuTparakanakAra' hai, usameM se kevala 'in' antavAle, 'han, pUSan' aura ' aryaman' zabda kA zeSaghuT pratyaya svarUpa pratyaya lekara, usameM se kevala 'zi' aura 'si' pratyaya ke lie hI 'inhanpUSAryamNaH ' 1/4/87 se vidhAna karake, usase bhinna zeSaghuT pratyaya para meM Ane para 'ni dIrghaH ' - 1/4/85 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi kA parokSa rUpa meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 'niyama' sUtra meM nahIM kahe gae, anya niyata kAryapradeza kI nivRtti kI kalpanA rUpa gaurava hai / anyazAstra meM koI bhI vyAkhyA ke lie niyama nahIM hai / usI zAstra meM saba apanI apanI buddhi anusAra vyAkhyA kara sakate haiM, ataH vahA~ vyAkhyA niyata nahIM hai / usI zAstra meM vidhiparaka bhI artha ho sakatA hai aura niyamaparaka artha bhI ho sakatA hai / isameM koI bandhana nahIM hai / jabaki vyAkaraNa meM vyAkhyA kI aisI aniyamitatA nahIM hai / vaha yaha nyAya kahatA hai / jahA~ sUtra kA vidhiparaka aura niyamaparaka aise donoM arthoM kA saMbhava ho vahA~ vidhiparaka artha hI zreSTha hai / udA. 'pratyabhyateH kSipaH ' 3/3/102 / isI sUtra meM 'kSip' dhAtu kaunasA lenA ? isakA nirNaya karane ke lie isa nyAya kA Azraya lenA hai / 'kSip' dhAtu do prakAra kA hai / (1) kSipat preraNe, tudAdi gaNa ( 2 ) kSipaMc preraNe, divAdigaNa / ina donoM dhAtu meM se tudAdi gaNa kA kSipat dhAtu lene se vidhiparaka artha hogA kyoMki yaha dhAtu ubhayapadI hai| ataH sUtra kA vidhiparaka artha isa prakAra hogA - : 'prati, abhi' aura 'ati' upasarga se para Aye hue 'kSipat' dhAtu ko parasmaipada hotA hai / jabaki divAdigaNa kA 'kSipaMc' dhAtu lene se niyamaparaka artha karanA hogA kyoMki yaha dhAtu parasmaipadI hI hai, ata: sUtra kA artha isa prakAra hogA :- 'prati, abhi' aura 'ati' upasarga se para Aye hue 'kSipaMc' dhAtu se parasmaipada hotA hai, kintu anya upasarga se para Aye hue yA upasarga rahita 'kSipaMc' dhAtu se parasmaipada nahIM hotA hai| kintu yahI artha iSTa nahIM hai, ataH vidhiparaka artha hI karanA cAhie / yaha nyAya vyADiparibhASApATha, kAtaMtraparibhASApATha, kAlApaparibhASApATha, puruSottamaparibhASApATha, sIradeva, nIlakaMTha, haribhAskara va nAgeza kI vRttiyoM meM bhI hai / // 133 // anantarasyaiva vidhirniSedho vA // 11 // 'anantara' sUtra sambandhita hI 'vidhi' yA 'niSedha' hotA hai / isameM niSedha isa prakAra hai- 'nAmno no'nahnaH ' 2/1/91 sUtra se nAma sambandhita padAnta 'na' kA lopa hotA hai / usakA hI, bAda meM Aye hue 'nAmantrye' 2/1/92 sUtra se niSedha hotA hai kintu vyavahita 'rAtsaH' 2/1/90 sUtra se vihita sakAra- luk kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai| vidhi isa prakAra hai- 'nAmno no'nahnaH ' 2/1/91 se hue 'na lopa' kA 'nAmantrye' 2/1/92 se niSedha hotA hai / usI niSedha kA punaH vikalpa se vidhAna hotA hai 'klIbe vA' 2/1/93 sUtra se /

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344 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) arthAt isI sUtra se huA vikalpokti rUpavidhAna anantara pUrvokta niSedha kA hI vikalpa se vidhAna hotA hai| yadyapi zabda zakti se yahI vidhi - niSedha ityAdi anantara sUtra sambandhita hI hotA hai ataH 'vicitrA zabdazaktayaH' nyAya kA hI anuvAda yaha nyAya hai| ___ isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'nAmantrye' 2/1/92 Adi sUtra meM niSedha kiyA hai kintu niSedhya nahIM kahA hai, ata: vahA~ svAbhAvika hI prazna hotA hai ki yaha niSedha pUrvokta sabhI vidhi kA hai yA kisI eka kA ? yadi kisI eka kA ho to vaha kisa vidhi kA niSedha karatA hai, vahI niyata nahIM thA / usakA nirNaya karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| isa prakAra vidhi meM bhI jahA~ vidhi kA vidhAna kiyA ho aura vidheya na batAyA ho, to usakA nirNaya bhI isI nyAya se hotA hai| pratyAsattimUlaka yaha nyAya hai / niSedhazAstra ko sadaiva kisI niSedhyazAstra kI AkAMkSA rahatI hai, to vahI niSedhya kauna hotA hai ? usakA uttara yaha nyAya detA hai| niSedhazAstra ke avyavahita pUrva meM jo hotA hai vahI najadIka hone se niSedhya banatA hai / vyavahita ho vaha niSedhya nahIM bana sakatA hai kyoMki avyavahita kA niSedha karane ke bAda vyavahita kA niSedha karane kA sAmarthya isameM nahIM rahatA hai| __ aba prathama niSedhya ho, bAda meM niSedha AyA ho, usake bAda meM punaH vidhi Aye, to vahI vidhi pUrvokta niSedha kA pratividhAna karatA hai arthAt anantara pUrvokta niSedha kI pUrva meM Aye hue vidhi kA hI vidhAna karatA hai, aisA samajhanA cAhie / yaha nyAya jainendra paribhASA ko chor3akara sabhI paribhASAsaMgraha meM hai / // 134 // parjanyavallakSaNapravRttiH // 12 // bAriza kI taraha lakSaNa/sUtra kI pravRtti hotI hai| 'parjanya' arthAta bAriza aura lakSaNa arthAta sUtra / jaise bAriza rikta tAlAba yA pUrNa tAlAba binA dekhe hI, sarvatra barasatA hai vaise vyAkaraNa ke sUtra svaviSaya ko prApta karake sarvatra pravRtta hotA hai, isakA kucha bhI phala na milatA ho to bhI / ___ yadi sUtra kI pravRtti na ho to, vahI sUtra anarthaka mAnA jAya, ataH jahA~ prApti ho vahA~, sarvatra sUtra kI pravRtti karanI cAhie aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai / udA. 'gopAyati, pApacyate, cikIrSate, putrIyati' ityAdi prayoga meM 'Aya, yaG san, kyan' Adi akArAnta hone se tadanta dhAtu akArAnta hI mAnA jAtA hai, ataH 'zav' kI AkAMkSA na hone para bhI 'kartaryanadbhyaH zav' 3/4/71 se 'zava' hogA hI / usI prakAra 'dadhi atra' prayoga meM 'hUsvo'pade vA' 1/2/22 se hrasva kA bhI punaH hrasva hogA / yahA~ kisIko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki 'dadhi atra' prayoga meM hasva karane kA phalAbhAva kahA~ hai ? kyoMki husvavidhAna ke sAmarthya se hI yahA~

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 134) 345 'yatva' Adi sandhikArya nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'yatva' Adi kArya kA abhAva hI husva karane kA phala hai, aisA sUtra kI vRtti meM svayaM zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai / yahI bAta satya hai kintu yahI phala kAlAntara bhAvi hai / tatkAlIna/samakAlIna phalasvarUpa koI bhI phala nahIM hai / ata eva 'parjanyavat' upamAna sArthaka hI hai kyoMki pUrNa sarovara/tAlAba meM bAriza girane kA tatkAlIna koI phala nahIM hotA hai kintu kAlAntara meM auSadhI (dhAnyAdi) kI niSpatti aura rasAdhikya Adi rUpa phala to hotA hI hai| yaha nyAya anitya hai, ataH 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 sUtra meM 'samAna' zabda kA vyApti kI siddhi ke lie bahuvacana meM prayoga kiyA hai / vaha isa prakAra -: 'kla + RSabhaH, hotR+lakAraH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'lu' aura 'R' kA 'RtRti isvo vA' 1/2/2 se husva hone kI prApti hai kintu 'RstayoH' 1/2/5 sUtra para hone se hasva kA bAdha hokara, usI sUtra se R hI hogA kintu zAstrakAra ko yahA~ hrasva bhI iSTa hai, ataH "jitane 'samAna' hai, una saba kA, isake bAda meM 'R' yA 'lu' AyA ho to husva ho hI jAtA hai|" aisI vyApti kI siddhi ke lie 'samAnAnAM'-1/2/1 mUtra meM bahuvacana rakhA hai| yadi yaha nyAya nitya hotA to, 'Rtva' kI taraha isva bhI hotA hI, to isake lie zAstrakAra bahuvacana kA prayoga kyoM kare ? arthAt na kareM tathApi bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA vaha isa nyAya kI anityatA ke kAraNa se 'isvatva' nirbala banatA hai aura usakA, paratva se balavAna hue 'RstayoH' 1/ 2/5 sUtra kI pravRtti se bAdha hogA, aisI saMbhAvanA ke kAraNa bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa nyAya kI anityatA kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / unake mata se 'samAnAnAM' meM bahuvacana 'spardhe' 7/4/119 paribhASA kA bAdha karane ke lie hai / isake bAre meM unhone 'samAnAnAM tena dIrghaH' 1/2/1 sUtra ke 'nyAsAnusandhAna' meM vizeSa carcA kI hai, kintu yahI unakA apanA abhiprAya/mantavya hai aura isI sUtra kA 'zabdamahArNavanyAsa' upalabdha nahIM hai ataH zAstrakAra kA apanA abhiprAya kyA hai isakA bodha/jJAna prApta nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ke isI mantavya kI yahA~ carcA karanA asthAnApanna hai / isa nyAya kA tAtparya batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki binA kisI prayojana hetu koI bhI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / (na hi prayojanamanuddizya kasyacit pravRttiH)nyAya se zAstra kI pravRtti kabhI bhI nirarthaka nahIM hotI hai / to prayojanarahita zAstrapravRtti kA svIkAra kaise kiyA jAya ? yahA~ prayojana kA abhAva tatkAlIna rUpabhedasvarUpa samajhanA caahie| usase bhinna paramparita prayojana to sarvatra hotA hI hai, ata: kisI bhI sUtra kI pravRtti se tatkAlIna phala na milatA ho, tathApi usI sUtra kI pravRtti karanI cAhie, aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai / / _ 'iko jhal' (pA.s. 1/2/9) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM bhI yaha nyAya kahA hai kintu usakI paddhati thoDI sI bhinna hai / vaha isa prakAra hai -: 'dIrgha' kA bhI 'dIrgha' karane kA kyA phala ? to guNa na ho vaha / guNAbhAva kAlAntara bhAvi phala hai / dIrgha meM tatkAlIna koI antara nahIM par3atA hai|

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346 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) yaha nyAya kevala cAndra, kAtaMtra kI dono paribhASAvRttiyA~, kAtaMtra paribhASApATha, kAlApa paribhASApATha va jainendra paribhASAvRtti meM nahIM hai| // 135 // na kevalA prakRtiH prayoktavyA // 13 // kevala prakRti kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie / prakRti, nAma svarUpa aura dhAtu svarUpa, do prakAra kI hotI hai, kintu dhAtu meM pratyayAntatva ke vivAda kA abhAva hone se kevalatva kI zaMkA hI nahIM hai / jabaki 'nAma' meM Age kahA jAyegA, vaise pratyaya kI utpatti ke sambandha meM vivAda hone se kevalatva kI zaMkA hotI hai, ataH yahA~ kevala 'nAma' rUpa prakRti kA grahaNa karanA cAhie / udA. 'kaTaM karoti bhISmamudAraM darzanIyam / ' yahA~ yadyapi sAkSAt 'kaTa' svarUpa dravya kA hI kriyA meM upayoga kiyA hai, ata: 'kaTa' ko hI kriyA ke sAtha anantara sambandha hai, ataH isameM karmatva AtA hai kintu 'bhISma, udAra, darzanIya' meM sIdhA kisI bhI prakAra se karmatva AtA nahIM hai| 'bhISma' Adi zabda jaba taka vibhaktirahita hoMge taba taka unakA prayoga nahIM hogA aura (kaTa ke sAtha) samAna vibhaktiyukta nahIM hoMge, taba taka sAmAnAdhikaraNyaprayukta vizeSaNatva, unameM nahIM AyegA / ataH rAjA ke mitra svayaM nirdhana hone para bhI rAjA ke dhana se hI ve bhI dhana ke bhoktA banate haiM, vaise 'bhISma' Adi zabda karma na hone para bhI kaTa ke karmatva se hI unameM dvitIyA vibhakti siddha hotI hai| __ yahA~ yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki vibhakti rahita 'bhISma' ityAdi zabdaprayoga ke ayogya/anucita hone se, isI yukti se kevalatva kA vyavaccheda karane ke lie sAmAnya vibhakti svarUpa prathamA vibhakti hI karanA ucita hai, kintu karmazakti ityAdi kI dyotaka dvitIyA Adi nahIM / yaha zaMkA dUra karane ke lie isa nyAya kI dUsarI vyAkhyA batAte haiM vaha isa prakAra hai / yahA~ kevalA' zabda kA kyA artha hai ? yahA~ kevalA' arthAt kriyArahita prakRti kA prayoga nahIM karanA kintu 'prayujyamAna' yA 'gamyamAna' aisI kriyA sahita hI prakRti kA prayoga karanA / ataH yahA~ jaise 'kaTa' kA 'karoti' ke sAtha sambandha hai, vaise 'bhISma' ityAdi ke sAtha bhI sambandha hai / jaise jo bhI 'kaTa' banAtA hai, vaha usameM sthita 'bhISma' ityAdi guNa ko bhI banAtA hai / ataH yahA~ 'karoti' se jo vyApti yogya hai, vahI sarva dravya, guNa, karma meM bhinna bhinna karmatva hone se, una saba se dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai aura bAda meM 'eka vAkya' ke kAraNa vizeSaNa-vizeSya rUpa sambandha hotA hai / vizeSaNa ko vizeSya ke samAna hI vibhakti karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai| yahA~ 'prakRti' zabda se kevala 'nAma' svarUpa prakRti hI grahaNa karanA, isa bAta ke sAtha zrIlAvaNyasUrijI saMmata nahIM haiM / ve kahate haiM ki jaise kevala 'nAmArtha' kI vivakSA meM 'nAma' se prathamA vibhakti hotI hai, vaise dhAtvartha kI vivakSA meM 'ghaJ' Adi yA 'bhAva' meM 'tyAdi' pratyaya hote haiM, ataH dhAtvartha kI vivakSA meM pratyayAnta dhAtu kA prayoga karanA yA pratyayarahita dhAtu kA prayoga karanA? isakA vivAda hai hI, ataH 'prakRti' zabda se dhAtu rUpa prakRti bhI yahA~ grahaNa karanA cAhie /

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tRtIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 135 ) 347 'kaTaM karoti bhISmamudAraM darzanIyam' udAharaNa meM 'sAmAnAdhikaraNya' ke lie dvitIyA vibhakti hogI, aisA zrImahaMsagaNi kahate haiM isameM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI sammata nahIM haiM / ve kahate hai ki 'sAmAnAdhikaraNya' dvitIyA kI utpatti kA kAraNa banatA hai kintu vibhakti kI utpatti kA kAraNa nahIM banatA hai aura vibhaktyutpatti meM yahI nyAya hI kAraNasvarUpa hai aura prathamA vibhakti kI utpatti dvArA bhI isa nyAya ke udAharaNa kI siddhi ho sakatI hai, ataH dvitIyotpatti kI carcA upayukta nahIM hai / aura dUsarA dRSTAnta jo batAyA ki rAjA ke mitra nirdhana hone para bhI, rAjA ke dhana se dhanavAn mAne jAte haiM aura vahI dhana kA upayoga bhI kara sakate haiM, vahI dRSTAMta bhI dvitIyotpatti ke kAraNa ko batAtA hai, ataH isa nyAya meM vaha upayukta nahIM hai / yadyapi isa nyAya se prathamA vibhakti hI A sakatI hai, aisA zrIhemahaMsagaNi svayaM pratipAdana karake, isa nyAya kI anya vyAkhyA karate haiM ki 'kriyArahitA prakRtirna prayojyA' kintu zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha vyAkhyA zAstra ke adhikAra meM nahIM A sakatI hai kyoMki kevala pada- saMskAra hI vyAkaraNa ke adhikAra meM hai / yahA~ 'prakRti' aura 'pratyaya' donoM sAtha meM hI rahate haiM / prakRti kriyArahita ho to vAkya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai / yaha bAta upayukta hai, kintu kriyArAhitya ho vahA~ padatva hotA nahIM hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isI kAraNa se dravya, guNa, karma Adi meM bhinna bhinna karmatva AtA hai aura dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai, aisA kahanA, isa nyAya ke anusAra upayukta / ucita nahIM hai / isa nyAya kA artha kevala itanA hI hai ki akelI prakRti kA prayoga kadApi nahIM hotA hai / isa nyAya se do prakAra kA niyama hotA hai / (1) kevala prakRti kA prayoga kadApi nahIM hotA hai, vaise (2) kevala 'pratyaya' kA bhI prayoga kadApi nahIM hotA hai| aura 'nAma' mAtra kI vivakSA meM pratyeka 'nAma' se prathamA vibhakti hotI hai aura kevala dhAtvartha kI vivakSA meM ( prathama ) tRtIya puruSa hotA hai / 'kaTaM kuru bhISmamudAraM darzanIyam' meM ' anibhihite' (pA.s. 2 / 3 / 1) sUtra meM karmatva kI prApti batAkara dvitIyA siddha nahIM kI hai kintu 'karmatva' ke sAtha 'sAmAnAdhikaraNya' pUrvaka dvitIyA kI hai aura isa prakAra isa udAharaNa meM isa nyAya ke prayoga kA abhAva dikhAyI paDatA hai tathApi zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ne 'karmaNi' 2/2/40 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'kaTaM karoti bhISmamudAraM darzanIyam' udAharaNa kI samajha dete hue isa nyAya kA ullekha kiyA hai / ata eva zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isI prayoga ko isa nyAya ke udAharaNa svarUpa diyA hai, aisA lagatA hai / 'apadaM na prayuJjIta' ke artha ke anuvAda svarUpa hI yaha nyAya hai / yaha nyAya bhI anya kisI paribhASAsaMgraha meM nahIM hai / 1. 'tiv tas anti' ko pANinIya paramparA meM prathama puruSa kahate haiM, jabaki gujarAtI vyAkaraNa anusAra tRtIya puruSa kahate haiN| yadyapi siddhama meM anyadartha meM hI ye pratyaya batAye gaye haiN|

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348 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) // 136 // kvibarthaM prakRtirevAha // 14 // 'prakRti' svayaM 'kvip' ke artha ko kahatI hai / udA. 'tvAM mAM ca AcakSANe' artha meM 'yuSmad' aura 'asmad' se 'Nic' aura 'kvip' pratyaya hokara, una donoM kA lopa hone para aura 'tryantyasvarAdeH' 7/4/43 se 'ad' kA bhI lopa huA hai, ata: 'yuSm' aura 'asm' aise makArAnta zabda se 'Gi' pratyaya hogA, taba 'TAGyosi-' 2/1/7 se 'm' kA 'ya' hone kI prApti hai, usakA bAdha karake 'tva-ma' Adeza para hone se tva-ma' Adeza karake usI 'tva-ma' ke antya 'a' kA 'ya' Adeza hone kI prApti hai, tathApi 'sakRdgate sparddha'- ' nyAya se 'yatva' kA eka bAra bAdha ho jAne se, usakI punaH pravRtti nahIM hogI aura tva-ma' Adeza 'Nic' kvibanta' hone se usameM sarvAditva nahIM hai, ata: 'Gi' kA 'smin' Adeza na hokara tve-me' rUpa siddha hoMge / ye rUpa binA prastuta nyAya hI siddha hote haiN| jaba isa nyAya kA upayoga kareMge taba 'tva-ma' ke sarvAditva ke kAraNa 'smin' Adeza hone para tvasmin-masmin' rUpa bhI hoMge, vaha isa prakAra-: isa nyAya kA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki 'kvibanta yuSmad- asmad' ke artha ko 'kviprahita yuSmad-asmad' svarUpa prakRti hI kaha sakatI hai kyoMki binA prakRti kvipa nahIM hotA hai| aMkuzarahita hAthI kI taraha, aMkuzayukta hAthI bhI hAthI hI kahalAtA hai kyoMki binA hAthI aMkaza kA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| usI prakAra kevala 'yaSmada- asmada' kI taraha 'Nic kvibanta yuSmad- asmad' zabda bhI vaise mAne jAte haiM, kintu bhinna nahIM mAne jAte haiM, isa prakAra 'Nic kvibanta yuSmad-asmad' meM bhI 'sarvAditva' mAnA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ aisI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki 'Nic kvibanta yuSmad-asmad' aura kevala 'yusmadasmad', donoM meM zabdabheda aura arthabheda hone se aisI vivakSA karanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'siddhiH syAdvAdAt' 1/1/2 sUtra se abhinna padArthoM ke lie bhedavivakSA aura bhinna padArthoM meM abhedavivakSA karane kI anumati dI gaI hai / udA. 'pIyamAnaM madhu madayati' prayoga meM 'madhu' meM abheda hone para bhI, usameM bheda vivakSA karake, 'karmatva' aura 'kartRtva' lAyA jA sakatA hai / usI prakAra se yahA~ bhI bheda hone para bhI abheda kI vivakSA hai| ata: kevala 'yuSmad-asmad' kI taraha 'Nickvibanta yuSmadasmad' meM sarvAditva kI vivakSA karake 'tva-ma' Adeza se para Aye hue 'Gi' pratyaya kA 'smin' Adeza karake 'tvasmin-masmin' rUpa siddha ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra 'Nic kvibanta yuSmad-asmad' meM aura kevala 'yuSmad-asmad' zabda meM zabdabheda tathA arthabheda ke kAraNa aprApta 'sarvAditva' kI prApti karAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai, aisI zrIhemahaMsagaNi kI mAnyatA hai| isa nyAya kA artha isa prakAra bhI ho sakatA hai / sAmAnyatayA 'prakRti' aura 'pratyaya' donoM sAtha meM milakara artha kahate haiM / yahI vyavasthA jahA~ prakRti aura pratyaya donoM zrUyamANa ho vahA~ jAnanA, kintu jahA~ 'pratyaya' kA lopa huA ho vahA~, usakI mUla prakRti hI pratyaya kA artha bhI kaha detI

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 136) 349 hai, aura jahA~ prakRti kA hI lopa ho jAtA hai vahA~ kevala pratyaya hI prakRti kA bhI artha kaha detA hai| udA. 'kvip' pratyaya kahIM bhI zrUyamANa nahIM hai ata: vahI 'kvip' pratyaya jisase huA ho vahI mUla prakRti hI 'kvipa' ke artha ko bhI kahatI hai, aisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai| jaise 'chid, bhid' ityAdi / inameM mUla prakRti hI 'kvip' kA artha kahatI hai / jabaki 'asya apatyaM iH' prayoga meM 'a' prakRti hai aura 'i' pratyaya hai / yahA~ 'a' svarUpa prakRti kA lopa hone se akelA 'i' pratyaya hI prakRti ke artha ko bhI kaha sakatA hai| isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi 'tvasmin' aura 'masmin' prayoga ke bAre meM carcA karate hue kahate haiM ki vyAkaraNa ziSTa prayoga kI siddhi ke lie hI hai aura ziSTa prayoga- 'tvasmin-masmin' svarUpa hI dikhAyI par3ate haiM / aura 'smin' Adeza, binA 'sarvAditva' nahIM ho sakatA hai / yahIM 'sarvAditva', kevala 'yuSmad-asmad' aura 'Nic kvibanta yuSmad- asmad' meM abheda- vivakSA dvArA hI prApta hotA hai, aura isa prakAra pUrvAcAryoM ne batAyA hI hai / ataH 'gajaguDa' ke dRSTAnta dvArA hamane bhI usakA samarthana kiyA hai| 'tvasmin-masmin' rUpa hI isa nyAya ke udAharaNa haiM / jabaki 'tve-me' isa nyAya kI anityatA ke udAharaNa haiN| sAmAnyatayA nyAya kI vatti meM prathama nyAya kA udAharaNa, bAda meM usakA jJApaka, usake bAda usI nyAya kI anityatA kA udAharaNa aura usakA jJApaka batAyA jAtA hai| kintu yahA~ prathama isa nyAya kI anityatA kA udAharaNa dekara, bAda meM nyAya kA udAharaNa diyA hai, usase sUcita hotA hai ki zAstra kI gati vicitra hotI hai| isI kAraNa se isa nyAya ke udAharaNa ke krama meM visaMgatatA nahIM mAnanI caahie| siddhahema ke 'morvA' 2/1/9 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM isa nyAya kA ullekha prApta hai / vaha isa prakAra hai -: "atha 'kvibarthaM prakRtirevAha' iti sarvAdisambandhitvaM tadA bhavatyeva sminnAdezaH / " __yadyapi AcAryazrI ne isI sUtra kI vRtti meM 'yuvAM yuSmAn AvAm asmAn vA AcaSTe' vigraha karake 'Nic' aura 'kvip' pratyaya karake, isakA lopa hokara 'yuSm-asm' zabda hogA, taba 'TA, Di' aura 'os' pratyaya para meM Ane para, 'tva-ma' Adeza se 'm' kA 'ya' karane kI vidhi nitya hone se prathama 'TAiyosi yaH' 2/1/7 se yatva vidhi karake 'yuSyA-asyA, yuSyi, asyi' tathA 'yuSyoH, asyoH' rUpa siddha kiye haiM / yadi 'yuSm-asm' ko anya zabda mAna leM to 'yatvavidhi'aura 'tvama' Adeza meM, 'tva-ma' Adeza para hone se, use balavAn mAnakara, 'yuSm-asm' kA 'tva-ma' Adeza karane ke bAda 'TAGyosi yaH 2/1/7 se 'tva-ma' ke antya 'a' kA 'ya' hone para tvyA, myA, tvyi, myi' aura 'yuvyoH, AvyoH' rUpa hoNge| kintu 'tva-ma' Adeza hone ke bAda 'sakRdgate sparddha-' nyAya se 'yatva vidhi' kA nitya bAdha mAnane para, yatva ke abhAva meM 'tvena, mena, tve, me' rUpa bhI ho sakate haiM, kyoMki yahA~ 'tva-ma' ko sarvAdi nahIM mAnane se 'Gi' kA 'smin' Adeza nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra siddhahema bRhadvRtti meM (1) 'yuSyi, asyi (2) tvyi, myi (3) tve, me' tathA (4) 'tvasmin-masmin' cAra prakAra ke rUpoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) ina rUpoM ke bAre meM TippaNI karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki ina rUpoM meM se kevala prathama rUpa hI zAstrakAra AcArya zrI ko sammata hai, jabaki zeSa tInoM rUpa zAstrakAra ko sammata nahIM haiM kyoMki prathama udAharaNa dete samaya 'yadi' arthavAle 'atha' zabda kA zAstrakAra ne prayoga nahIM kiyA hai / jabaki zeSa udAharaNa kI siddhi karate samaya 'anabhimatatva' kA sUcaka 'yadi' arthavAle 'atha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, ataH vahI udAharaNa zAstrakAra ko sammata nahIM hai aisA mAnanA paDatA hai / yahI anabhipreta tIna udAharaNa meM se antima 'tvasmin - masmin' prayoga ko ve nitAnta aniSTa prayoga mAnate haiM, jinakA zrImahaMsagaNi ne iSTa prayoga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isake bAre meM unakA tarka isa prakAra hai / 'AcakSANa' arthavAle 'Ni' antayukta 'yuSmad- asmad' zabda se 'kvip' pratyaya hokara niSpanna hue 'yuSm asm' meM sarvAditva nahIM AtA hai kyoMki vaha gauNa hai aura saMjJopasarjanIbhUta / gauNa meM sarvAditva mAnanA aniSTa hai| dUsarA yaha ki - 'sarvAdeH smaismAtau' 1/4/7 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki "dvi- yuSmad bhavatvasmadAM smAdayo na saMbhavantIti sarvavibhaktyAdayaH prayojanam" ataH isa vidhAna ke AdhAra para 'tvasmin-masmin' prayoga meM 'Gi' kA 'smin' Adeza karanA anucita hai / kintu ina prayogoM ke bAre meM jyAdA vicAra karane para lagatA hai ki uparyukta cAroM prayogoM meM se prathama prayoga 'yuSyi, asyi' vyAkaraNa se siddha ho sakatA hai, aura vaha vyAkaraNa sammata hI hai| jabaki zeSa tIna prakAra ke prayoga lokavyavahAra meM yA sAhitya meM prayukta hone caahie| ataH unakA ziSTaprayoga ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake usakI siddhi karake vyAkaraNa meM usakA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| yadi ina tInoM prakAra ke prayogoM ko zAstrakAra ne aniSTa mAneM hote, to usakA niSedha hI kiyA gayA hotA yA usakA saMgraha hI na kiyA hotA / tathApi siddhahema bRhadvRtti meM usakA ullekha huA hai isase sUcita hotA hai ki ye prayoga zAstrakAra ko sarvathA asammata nahIM haiM / sarvathA aniSTa nahIM hai arthAt kucheka aMza meM ve sammata haiM / antatogatvA, lokavyavahAra meM prayukta saba prakAra ke zabda prayoga kA saMgraha karanA hI vyAkaraNa kA lakSya / dhyeya hai / (prayuktAnAmidamanvAkhyAnam ) isa prakAra yahA~ lokaprayukta 'tvasmin - masmin' prayoga ko iSTa mAnakara, inakI siddhi kI gaI hai, ataH vyAkaraNazAstra kI apekSA se ye prayoga aniSTa hone para bhI ziSTa prayogAnusAra, unako iSTa mAnane caahie| yaha nyAya bhI anyatra kahIM nahIM hai / 350 // 137 // dvandvAtparaH pratyekamabhisambadhyate // 15 // 'dvandva' samAsa ke anta meM Aye hue zabda kA, pUrva ke pratyeka zabda ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai / 'zabda' zabda yahA~ adhyAhAra hai / udA. 'ekadvitrimAtrA hrasvadIrghaplutAH ' 1/1/5 sUtra meM 'ekadvitrimAtrA' zabda meM anta meM Aye hue 'mAtrA' zabda, pUrva ke 'eka, dvi' aura 'tri' ke sAtha jor3akara artha hotA hai / 'ekadvitri' meM dvandva samAsa hai /

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 138) 351 anyathA iSTa/aniSTa artha kI pratIti na ho , isake lie yaha nyAya hai / isa nyAya ke 'paraH' zabda ko upalakSaNa ke svarUpa meM lene para, dvandvasamAsa kI pUrva meM Aye hue zabda kA bhI dvandvasamAsagata pratyeka zabda ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai| udA. 'drejaNo'prAcyabhargAdeH 6/1/123 sUtragata 'aprAcyabhargAdeH' meM Aye hue a (naJ ) kA 'prAcya' aura 'bhargAdi' donoM ke sAtha sambandha hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM / isake samarthana meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne 'dvandvAnte dvandvAdau vA zrUyamANaM padaM pratyekamabhisambadhyate' isa prakAra kI vyutpatti kI hai| usake eka hI aMza kA kathana isa nyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| jisameM pUrvokta zabda kA dvandva samAsagata pratyeka zabda ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, aise prayoga bhI vyAkaraNa meM prApta haiM, ataH isa prakAra se isa nyAya kI vyAkhyA karanA ucita hai| isa nyAya kA upayoga pratyeka vaiyAkaraNa ne kiyA hai, tathApi nyAya/paribhASA ke svarUpa meM kisI bhI paribhASAsaMgrahakAra ne isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| // 138 // vicitrA zabdazaktayaH // 16 // zabda kI zakti vicitra hotI hai| zabda kI zakti vicitra hotI hai, ata: liMga, saMkhyA ityAdi meM vicitratAe~ dikhAyI paDatI haiM, yahI batAne ke lie yaha nyAya hai| usameM liMga kI vicitratA isa prakAra hai| udA. 'prazastaM pacati' artha meM 'tyAdezca prazaste rUpap' 7/3/10 sUtra se svArtha meM 'rUpap' pratyaya hogA, taba pacatirUpam' ityAdi meM 'padaM vAkyamavyayaM cetyasaGkhyaM ca' (liGgA paM 4-2) ityAdi liGgAnuzAsana ke pATha se liGga rahita 'tyAdyanta pada' ko bhI napuMsakaliGga hotA hai / 'kutsitA svA jJAtiH' artha meM svArthika 'ka' pratyaya hone para 'svajJAjabhastrAdhAtutyayakAt' 2/4/108 se 'Apa' pratyaya hogA aura 'a' kA 'i' hokara svikA' zabda banegA / yahA~ 'kAmalakuddAlAvayavasyAH' (liGgA pu.14/1) pATha se jJAti arthavAle pulliGga 'sva' zabda ko bhI, jaba kutsita artha kI vivakSA hogI taba vAkya avasthA meM kap' pratyaya hone ke bAda strIliGga mAnA jAtA hai / aura 'husvA kuTI' prayoga meM 'kuTIzuNDAdraH' 7/3/47 se 'kuTI' zabda se svArtha meM 'ra' pratyaya hogA taba 'kuTIra:' aura 'kuTIram' hogA / yahA~ 'kuTI' zabda liGgAnuzAsana ke 'lAlasorabhaso vartivitastikuTyastruTi: (liGgA puM. strI 9/2) vacana se pulliGga tathA strIliGga hone para bhI, svArthika 'ra' pratyayAnta 'kuTIra' zabda pulliGga aura napuMsakaliGga meM mAnA jAtA hai| aura 'vanaM vanikA' / yahA~ 'vana' zabda 'nAnta' hone se 'nalastuktasaMyuktaH' (liGgA na.1/1) pAThAnusAra napuMsakaliGga hone para bhI svArtha meM 'kap' pratyaya hone para, vaha strIliGga ho jaayegaa| zabdazAstra meM liGga batAne kI do paddhatiyA~ haiM / (1) anya vizeSaNa svarUpa pada kI apekSA se zabda kA liGga pratIta hotA hai / udA. 'iyaM gauH, ayaM gauH' / yahA~ 'gau' zabda kA artha donoM liGga

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352 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) meM (gAya, baila) hotA hai, ata: binA 'ayaM, iyam' vizeSaNa, strItva yA puMstva kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| (2) anya vizeSaNa svarUpa pada kI apekSA binA hI zabda ke liGga kA jJAna ho sakatA hai| vaha tIna prakAra se hai- (1) nAma mAtra se/kevala nAma se (2) Adeza se (3) pratyaya se (1) isameM kevala nAma se isa prakAra hai / udA. 'mAtA-pitA' / yahA~ kevala nAma se strItva aura puMstva kA bodha ho sakatA hai / (2) Adeza se isa prakAra hai -'tisraH' yahA~ binA strItva 'tri' kA 'tisR' Adeza nahIM ho sakatA hai, ata: 'tisR' Adeza se strItva kA bodha ho sakatA hai / usI taraha 'kroSTA' / yahA~ puMstva dvArA utpanna 'kruz' sambandhita 'tun' ke 'tRca' Adeza se puMstva kA bodha hotA hai / (3) pratyaya se isa prakAra hai - : 'rAjI' yahA~ strItva ke kAraNa utpanna 'DI' pratyaya se strItva kA bodha hotA hai| 'gocara' ityAdi meM pulliGga nAmatva ke kAraNa 'puMnAmni ghaH' 5/3/130 sUtra ke bAda Aye hue 'gocarasaMcara'- 5/3/131 sUtra se utpanna 'gha' pratyaya se puMstva kA bodha hotA hai| saMkhyA kA vaicitrya isa prakAra hai - udA. 'aM aH - ka )( pa zaSasAH ziT' 1/1/16, yahA~ saMjJI bahuvacana meM hone para bhI saMjJA ekavacana meM hI hai aura 'dArAH sumanasaH, apsarasaH' ityAdi prayoga meM artha ekavacana meM hone para bhI, usakA bahuvacana meM prayoga hotA hai| ___ zabdazakti ke kAraNa eka hI padArtha ke lie prayukta bhinna-bhinna zabda ko bhinna-bhinna liGga hote haiM / udA. 'sarva vastu, sarvaH padArthaH, sarvA vyaktiH' yA 'dAra, kalatra, patnI' tInoM zabda patnIvAcaka hone para bhI, tInoM ke liGga bhinna bhinna haiN| 'dAra' zabda pulliGga meM, 'kalatra' napuMsakaliGga meM aura patnI' zabda strIliGga meM hai arthAt liGga padArtha ke AdhAra para nahIM rakhA jAtA hai kintu zabda ke AdhAra para rakhA jAtA haiN| kucheka zabda ekatva artha meM hone para bhI bahuvacana meM hI prayukta hote haiM / udA. 'dAra, apsarasa sumanas' / ina zabdoM se sadaiva bahuvacana hI hotA hai / jabaki kucheka zabda bahutvaviziSTa hone para bhI ekavacana meM bhI unakA prayoga hotA hai / udA. 'vanam, samUhaH, akSatam, viMzatiH / ' kvacit, kucha artha binA zabdaprayoga pratIta nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'hastenAtikrAmati' artha meM 'hasta' zabda se 'Nij bahulaM nAmnaH'-3/4/42 se 'Nic' hone para 'atihastayati' prayoga hogA / yahA~ 'atikrama' artha binA 'ati' ke prayoga pratIta nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'hastayati' ke sthAna para atihastayati' prayoga karanA par3egA / jabaki 'zvetAzvenAtikrAmati' artha meM 'zvetAzva' zabda se Nic hone para 'zvetAzvA'zvataragAloDitA''hvarakasyAzvataretaka luk' 3/4/45 se 'azva' zabda kA lopa hone para 'zvetayati' prayoga hogaa| isa prayoga meM 'ati' ke prayoga binA hI 'atikrama' artha kA bodha hotA hai| aura 'khAm' pratyaya jaise 'AbhIkSNya' artha meM hotA hai, vaise 'Nam' pratyaya bhI 'AbhIkSNya' artha meM hotA hai, tathApi jahA~ 'khaNam' pratyaya hotA hai vahA~ 'AbhIkSNya' batAne ke lie dvitva hotA hai| udA. 'bhojaM bhojaM yAti', kintu 'Nam' pratyayAnta zabda kA 'AbhIkSNya' batAne ke lie dvitva nahIM hotA hai| udA. 'gehamanupravezamAste' / yahA~ 'gehamanupravizyAnupravizyAste' artha meM 'viza-pata-pada

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27 tRtIya vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 139 ) skando vIpsA''bhIkSye' 5/4/81 se 'Nam ' pratyaya huA hai / ye saba prayoga zabda kI vibhinna vicitra zaktioM kA dyotana karate haiM / pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 'striyAM' (pA.s. 4 / 1 / 3 ) sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM, isake bAre meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / kintu paribhASA nyAya ke svarUpa meM ise anya kisIne nahIM batAyA hai / * // 139 // kiM hi vacanAnna bhavati // 17 // 'vacan' se kyA siddha nahIM hotA hai ? arthAt sarva siddha ho sakatA hai / 'vacan' arthAt iSTa artha ko batAnevAlA zabdaprayoga / yahI zabdaprayogasvarUpa 'vacana' se kyA siddha nahIM hotA hai ? arthAt saba kucha siddha ho sakatA hai / iSTa artha kA jJAna hone para ziSTaprayoganusAra, kucheka vidhiyA~ aprApta hone para bhI hotI hai jabaki kucheka vidhiyA~ prApta hone para bhI nahIM hotI hai / iSTArtha ke bodha kA abhAva ho to, kucheka vidhiyA~ prApta hone para bhI usakI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / 353 'samarthaH padavidhi:' 7/4/122 ke apavAda svarUpa yaha nyAya hai / usameM aprApta kI pravRtti isa prakAra hai / udA. 'sUryamapi na pazyanti iti asUryapazyA rAjadArAH ' / yahA~ 'asUryogrAdRzaH ' 5 / 1/126 se 'khaz' pratyaya hotA hai aura 'vatsebhyo na hito avatsIyo godhuk' meM 'tasmai hite' 7/ 1 / 35 se 'Iya' pratyaya hotA hai / ina donoM prayoga meM 'naJ' kA anukrama se 'dRz' aura 'hita' ke sAtha sambandha hai kintu 'sUrya' aura 'vatsa' ke sAtha sambandha nahIM hai, ataH 'asUryaMpazyA' meM 'asUryaM ' aura 'avatsIyo' meM 'avatsa' samAsa nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki sAmarthya kA abhAva hai, tathApi zAstrakAra ke 'asUryogrAd dRza: 5/1/126 svarUpa vacana se tathA 'avatsIyo godhuk' udAharaNa se 'samarthaH padavidhi:' 7/4/ 122 se samAsa kA abhAva siddha hone para bhI, usakA bAdha karake, isa nyAya se sAmarthya kA abhAva hone para bhI samAsa kiyA gayA hai / prApta kI apravRtti isa prakAra hai / udA. nahAhordhatau' 2/1/85 yahA~ dhAtu se 'i, ki' yA 'zitav' kiyA nahIM hai / iSTArtha kA pratyaya arthAt abhidhA na hotI ho to prAptakArya kI bhI apravRtti hotI hai / vaha isa prakAra-: 'saGghasya bhadraM bhUyAt' / yahA~ 'saGghabhadraM samAsa (SaSThI tatpuruSa ) nahIM hogA kyoMki 'saGghabhadraM bhUyAt' kahane se, 'saGghasya bhadraM bhUyAt' artha kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai kintu saGghabhadra nAmaka yA 'saGgha' ke sambandhI svarUpa, kucha bhadra, kisIkA ho aisI pratIti hotI hai / yaha nyAya iSTArthapratyAyanamUlaka hai / 'abhidhAnalakSaNAH kRttaddhitasamAsAH ' nyAya kA hI anuvAda hai / 'abhidhAna' arthAt iSTArtha pratyAyana, vahI abhidhAna lakSaNa (cihna) yukta, 'kRt, taddhita' aura 'samAsa' hai / ataH jahA~ vahI pratyaya yA samAsa karane se iSTArtha kA abhidhAna na hotA ho to vahI pratyaya yA samAsa kI vahA~ prApti hone para bhI, hotA nahIM hai / isa nyAya kA anya / dUsarA artha batAte hue zrImahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki 'vacanAd' arthAt sUtrokta vidhAna ke sAmArthya se aprApta kI

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354 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) bhI pravRtti hotI hai / udA. 'zreSThaH zreyAn' prayoga meM 'prazasya' zabda kA 'iSTha' aura 'Iyasu' pratyaya para meM Ane pare 'zra' Adeza karane kA vidhAna 'guNAGgAdveSTheyasU' 7/3/9 se kiyA gayA hai / 'iSTha' aura 'Iyasu' pratyaya 'paTu, mRdu, guru, laghu' ityAdi zabda jaise 'guNAGga' zabda se guNAGgAdveSTheyasU 7/3/9 se hotA hai| jabaki prazasya' zabda guNapravRttinimittaka nahIM hai| kintu prazaMsA rUpa kriyApravRttinimittaka hai, ata: 'prazasya' zabda se 'iSTha, Iyasu' pratyaya hone kI prApti nahIM hai, tathApi 'prazasyasya zraH' 7/ 4/34 vidhAna ke sAmarthya se yahA~ 'iSTha, Iyasu' pratyaya hoMge / isI vyAkhyA se kevala aprApta kArya kI prApti hI hotI hai| isake sivAya 'vicitrA sUtrANAM kRtiH // 1 // mAtrAlAghavamapyutsavAya manyante vaiyAkaraNAH // 2 // te vai vidhayaH susagRhItA bhavanti yeSAM lakSaNaM prapaJcazca // 3 // ' ityAdi nyAya svarUpa vizeSavacana vyAkaraNazAstra meM upalabdha hai, kintu ve saba kevala vyAkaraNa ke sUtra kI racanA meM hI upayogI hai aura anya nyAya svarUpa vacana bhI kevala sUtra ke artha kI vyavasthA meM hI upayogI hai kintu prastuta prayogasiddhi meM upayogI nahIM hai, ataH unakI yahA~ upekSA kI gaI hai| anya vyAkaraNa grantha meM 'yathoddezaM nirdezaH' ityAdi bahuta se nyAya hai kintu prastuta vyAkaraNa meM kahIM bhI sAkSAt ullekha nahIM kiyA hone se, unakI yahA~ upekSA kI gaI hai| yaha nyAya, vacana ke aura abhidhAna ke adbhUta sAmarthya kA bodhaka hai / isa nyAya kA prayojana kevala itanA hI hai ki vyAkaraNazAstra se zabda banAye nahIM jAte haiM kintu akhaMDa zabda ke, prakRti aura pratyaya svarUpa do bhAgoM kI kalpanA karake alpaprayatna dvArA, zabda ke artha kI abhidhA batAyI jAtI hai| ataH kisI zabda kA, koI artha vyAkaraNazAstra se pratipAdita na ho sakatA ho tathApi loka meM yadi aise artha kI prasiddhi ho to, usakA svIkAra karanA cAhie / tathA koI zabda vyAkaraNazAstra se labhya artha meM, vyavahAra meM prayukta na ho to, vahA~ vyAkaraNazAstra ke bAre meM zaGkA na karanI cAhie kintu paramparA se, usI zabda kA vaisA artha prApta ho yA ziSTapuruSa dvArA, usI artha meM prayukta ho to, vyAkaraNazAstra se labhya artha se bhinna artha meM bhI usI zabda kI pravRtti kA svIkAra karanA ucita hai| __isa prakAra ke nyAyoM ko anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne nyAya/paribhASA kI kakSA meM nahIM rakhe hai, tathApi lakSyasiddhi meM upakAraka hone se zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne, inakA saMgraha kiyA hai| isake sivAya 'vicitrA sUtrANAM kRtiH' / ityAdi nyAyoM ke udAharaNa isa prakAra diye jA sakate haiM / 'dhAtorivarNovarNasyeyuva'- 2/1/50 sUtra me 'ivarNovarNa' ke sthAna para 'yuvarNa- vRdR'5/3/28 meM prayukta 'yuvarNa' kI taraha yahA~ bhI 'yavarNa' zabda rakhA jA sakatA hai aura vaisA karane meM lAghava bhI hai, tathApi acAryazrI ne 'ivarNovarNa' zabda rakhA hai, vaha vicitrA sUtrANAM kRtiH' nyAya batAne ke lie hI hai| mAtrAlAghava arthAt sUkSma lAghava bhI, vaiyAkaraNa ke lie atiAnaMda kA viSaya bana jAtA

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 140) 355 hai| yahI lAghava do prakAra ke haiN| (1) zabdagata lAghava (2) prakriyAgata lAghava / usameM zabda lAghava isa prakAra hai - "Ayo DitAM yai yAs yAs yAm' 1/4/17 sUtra meM cAra 'Git' pratyaya (De, Gasi Gas aura Gi) ke sAtha 'yai yAs yAs yAm' kA 'yathAsaGkhyam' karane ke lie 'yAm' se 'jas' pratyaya lAkara, usakA sautratvAt lopa kiyA gayA hai| prakriyAlAghava isa prakAra hai-: 'bhIluka' kI siddhi ke lie "bhiyo rurukalukam' 5/2/ 76 sUtra meM 'luka' pratyaya kA 'ruka' se bhinna vidhAna kiyA hai, vaha prakriyA lAghava ke lie hai| anyathA 'ruka' pratyaya karake, bhIruka' siddha karake, RphiDAdInAm'- 2/3/104 meM bahuvacana hone se AkRtigaNa hai, ataH usake dvArA yA 'RphiDAdi' zabdoM meM 'bhIruka' kA pATha karane se hI latva ho sakatA hai, kintu vaisA karane se prakriyA gaurava ho jAtA haiM, ata: 'ruka' aura 'luka' do pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA hai| te vai vidhayaH susaGgrahItA bhavanti yeSAM lakSaNaM prpnycshv'| isa nyAya kA artha yaha hai ki zAstra meM do prakAra ke vacana milate haiM / (1) kucheka saMkSipta haiM (1) jabaki kucheka vistRta haiN| (1) jo sUkSmabuddhimAn haiM, unake lie saMkSipta vacana haiM / (2) jabaki jo sthUlabuddhivAle haiM unake lie hI prapaMca arthAt vistRta vacana hai aura zAstra sadaiva paropakAra ke lie hI likhA jAtA hai aura usI zAstra kA adhyayana karanAra bhI do prakAra ke hote haiM, ataH uparyukta donoM prakAra ke vacana zAstroM meM haiN| 'stamberamaH' ityAdi prayoga meM 'tatpuruSe kRti' 3/2/20 svarUpa lakSaNa sUtra se akArAnta aura vyaJjanAnta se para AyI huyI saptamI kA kRdanta uttarapada para meM hone para lopa nahIM hotA hai aura yahI artha usase agale sUtra meM prapaMcita kiyA gayA hai| jaise 'zayavAsi vAseSvakAlAt' 3/2/25, 'varSakSara-varApsaraHzaroromanaso je '3/2/26 sUtra se pUrvokta viSaya meM saptamI kA vikalpa se 'aluk' hotA hai| udA. 'bilezayaH, vilazayaH, varSejaH, varSajaH' ityAdi / jabaki 'dhuprAvRTvarSAzarat kAlAt' 3.2/27 sUtra se pUrvokta viSaya meM saptamI kA nitya alupa hotA hai| udA. divijaH / bAda meM agale 'nen siddhasthe' 3/2/29 sUtra meM saptamI ke alup kA niSedha hotA hai arthAt lup hotA hI hai aisA kahA hai / udA. 'sthaNDilazAyI,' ina saba prayoga kI siddhi 'tatpuruSe kRti' 3/2/20 sUtra meM 'avyaJjanAt saptamyA bahulam' 3/2/18 sUtra se calI AtI 'bahulam' pada kI anuvRtti se ho sakatI hai, tathApi ye sUtra banAye, vaha 'tatpuruSe kRti' 3/2/20 kA hI vistAra kiyA hai, vaisA yaha nyAya kahatA hai| yaha nyAya anya kisI paribhASAsaMgraha meM prApta nahIM hai / // 140 // nyAyAH sthavirayaSTiprAyAH // 18 // 'nyAya' vRddha kI lakaDI jaise haiM / jaise vRddha puruSa gamana Adi kriyA ke samaya, usI kriyA kI siddhi ke lie lakaDI-daMDa . .

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356 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) kA Alambana letA hai, kintu jaba gamana Adi kArya nahIM hotA hai, taba daMDa-lakaDI kA Alambana letA nahIM hai, usI prakAra se ye nyAya bhI ziSTa prayoga kI anyathA anupapatti hotI ho to, usakI nivRtti ke lie hI hai / anyathA nyAyoM kA upayoga nahIM hotA hai / isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA batAte hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki eka prayoga kI siddhi meM eka hI nyAya kA ekabAra Azraya kiyA jAtA hai, aura usakA hI bAda meM turaMta anya sUtra ke upayoga karate samaya Azraya nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| donoM paraspara virodhI hai / aisI zaMkA kI nivRtti ke lie yaha nyAya hai / udA. 'rAyamatikrAntAnAM kulAnAm atiriinnaam'| 'atiri' zabda meM 'rai' kA 'klIbe' 2/ 4/97 se 'husva' arthAt 'ri' huA hai| bAda meM yahA~ atiri Am' meM 'husvApazca' 1/4/32 se 'Am' kA 'nAm' Adeza hone ke bAda, ekadezavikRtamananyavat' nyAya se prApta 'A rAyo vyaJjane' 2/1/ 5 sUtra se honevAle 'Atva' kA 'sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tadvighAtasya' nyAya se niSedha hone se nahIM hogA kyoMki vaisA karane se hasva kA vighAta hotA hai / aba, 'atirINAm' karate samaya 'dI? nAmyatisRcaMtasRSaH' 1/4/47 se 'ri' ke 'i' kA dIrgha 'I' karate samaya 'sannipAtalakSaNo'-nyAya kA Azraya kareMge to dIrghavidhi nahIM ho sakegI kyoMki 'nAm' Adeza karanevAle 'hUsvatva' kA hI 'nAm' Adeza nAza karatA hai, tathApi yahA~ isa nyAya ke AdhAra para, vahI 'sannipAtalakSaNo-' nyAya kA Azraya nahIM karanA, ataH 'atirINAm' prayoga siddha ho skegaa| usI taraha 'vattasyAm' 1/1/34 sUtra meM 'vat' aura 'tas' pratyaya taddhita sambandhita hI hone se usake sAhacarya se 'Am' pratyaya bhI taddhita sambandhita hI lene kA siddha ho sakatA hai tathApi 'sAhacaryAt' nyAya kA Azraya nahIM karane se 'parokSA' ke sthAna para hue 'Am' kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai, kintu usI taraha SaSThI bahuvacana ke 'Am' kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai kyoMki usI samaya 'sAhacaryAt' nyAya kA Azraya kiyA jAtA hai| aise prayoga kI siddhi karate samaya, eka hI nyAya kA Azraya aura anAzraya dekhane ko milatA hai aura usake pariNAma svarUpa honevAlI prayogasiddhi isa nyAya kA jJApaka hai| - isI 'nyAyasaGgraha' meM diye gaye nyAya meM se kisI bhI nyAya ke anAzraya ke lie koI bhI jJApaka avazya honA cAhie, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI mAnate haiM / jaise 'atirINAm' meM, 'A rAyo vyaJjane' 2/1/5 se 'A' na karane ke lie 'sannipAtalakSaNo-' nyAya kA Azraya kiyA gayA hai| dIrghavidhi meM isI nyAya ke anAzraya karane ke lie kaunasA jJApaka hai? isake lie ve kahate haiM ki dIrgha vidhAyaka 'dI? nAmyatisRcatasRSaH 1/4/47 meM 'tisR' aura 'catasR' kA varjana hI 'sannipAta lakSaNo-' nyAya ke anAzrayaNa kA jJApaka hai kyoMki 'sannipAtalakSaNo-' nyAya se 'tisR-catasR' ke dIrgha kI nivRtti ho sakatI thI, tathApi usakA varjana kiyA, vaha, 'sannipAtalakSaNo-' nyAya ke anAzrayaNa kA jJApana karatA hai| usI prakAra 'vattasyAm' 1/1/34 sUtra ke bRhanyAsa meM avibhaktitva svarUpa sAhacarya kA Azraya karake, parokSA ke sthAna para hue 'Am' kA grahaNa kiyA hai aura SaSThI-bahuvacana ke 'Am'

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tRtIya vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 140) 357 kI nivRtti kI hai| usake alAvA SaSThI bahuvacana ke 'Am' kI nivRtti ke lie dUsarA upAya batAyA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai -: 'Am' kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karanA ki jo 'Am' 'Am' hI rahatA hai, vaise 'Am' antavAle zabda kI 'avyaya' saMjJA hotI hai / isa prakAra artha karane se SaSThI bahuvacana 'Am' kA 'nAma' Adeza ho sakatA hai / udA. 'matInAm, manasAm' / isa prakAra prAyaH sarvatra nyAyoM ke Azraya aura anAzraya ke lie jJApaka batAyA jA sakatA hai| tathApi kvacit/ kadAcit nyAyoM kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, yahI arthamUlaka hI yaha nyAya hai aura usake lie hI yaha nyAya batAyA hai, aisA mAnanA caahie| pANinIya kvacit/ kadAcita nyAyoM kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, vahI arthamUlaka hI yaha nyAya hai aura usake lie hI yaha nyAya batAyA hai, aisA mAnanA-cAhie / pANinIya paramparA meM 'yathoddezaM saMjJAparibhASam' nyAya hai| iti kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryaviracita zrIsiddhahemazabdAnuzAsanasya paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNibhiH svasamuccitAnAM pUrvebhyo vilakSaNAnAM prAyaH jJApakAdirahitAnAmaSTAdazamitanyAyAnAM tRtIya-vakSaskArasya paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNikRta-svopajJanyAyArthamaJjUSA nAma bRhavRttezca svopajJanyAsasya ca tapAgacchAdhirAja - zAsanasamrATa AcArya zrImadvijayanemisUrIzvarANAM paTTAlaGkAra __ AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrIzvaraiH sandRbdhaM nyAyArthasindhuM ca taraGgaM ca kvacit kvacidupajIvya zAsanasamrATa AcArya zrIvijayanemi-vijJAna-kastUra-yazobhadra-zubhaGkarasUriNAM paTTadhara AcArya zrIvijayasUryodayasUrIzvarANAM ziSya muni nandighoSavijayakRtasavivaraNaM hindIbhASAnuvAdaH samAptimagAt //

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atha kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryaviracita zrIsiddhahemazabdAnuzAsanagata paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNibhiH saMgRhIta 'nyAyasaGgrahe' eka eva nyAyasvarUpo'ntimazcaturtho vakSaskAraH // aba zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne pUrva batAye hue aThAraha nyAyoM ke sadRza hI eka nyAya, vistRta rUpa se batAnA ucita hone se pRthak kahA jAtA hai| // 141 // ziSTanAmaniSpattiprayogadhAtUnAM sautratvAllakSyAnurodhAd vA siddhiH|| zeSa bace hue nAma, niSpatti, prayoga aura dhAtuoM kI sautratva se yA lakSyAnurodha se siddhi hotI hai| ziSTa arthAt zeSa bace hue, jisakI vyAkaraNa se vyAkhyA nahIM kI gaI haiM aise nAma, niSpatti arthAt vyutpatti, prayoga aura dhAtuoM kI ( una sabakI) siddhi sautratva se arthAt vyAkaraNa ityAdi ke sUtra meM nirdiSTa hone se, yA lakSyAnurodha se arthAt lakSya-mahAkavioM ke prayoga-anusAra jJAtavya hai / yahA~ 'siddhiH' zabda antima maGgala hai| usameM 'nAma' kI siddhi isa prakAra hai / caturthI, SaSThI ityAdi / yahA~ 'catuNA~ pUraNI, SaNNAM pUraNI' vAkya meM 'caturaH' 7/1/163 aura 'SaT kati katipayAt thaT' 7/1/162 se 'thaT' pratyaya hone para , 'nAmasidavyaJjane' 1/1/21 se pada saMjJA hone para 'catusthI, SaTThI' hone kI prApti hai kintu 'caturthI' 2/2/53 aura 'ajJAne jJaH SaSThI' 2/2/80 meM sautranirdeza kiyA gayA hone se 'catusthI, SaTThI' rUpa nahIM hoNge| lakSyAnurodhAd arthAt lakSya anusAra 1. bhissaTA, kacchATikA, grAmaTikA' ityAdi meM 'Ta' kA Agama hotA hai| nyA. si. (nyAyArtha sindhu) : isa nyAya kI AvazyakatA batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki zAstrakAra AcAryazrI ne yathAsaMbhava arthAt saMbhavataH jitanI saMbhAvanAe~ huyI utanI lakSyasvarUpa nAma ityAdi apane vyAkaraNa meM sammilita kI haiM, tathApi nAma ityAdi anaMta hone se, una sabako vyAkaraNazAstra meM sammilita karanA prAya: asaMbhava hai, ataH zeSa bace hue nAma, niSpatti, prayoga, dhAtu ityAdi, jo sAkSAt sUtra meM nahIM batAye haiM, unakA saMgraha karane ke lie yaha nyAya hai / zabdAnuzAsana kI maryAdA batAte hue bhASyakAra ne bhI kahA hai ki 'bRhaspatirindrAya divyaM varSasahasraM zabdapArAyaNaM jagau tathApi nAntaM jagAma / ' 1. pataMjalikRta mhaabhaassy-pspshaahnik|

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 359 graMtha kI Adi meM, madhya meM aura anta meM maMgala karanA, vaha ziSTapuruSoM kA AcAra hai / mahAbhASya meM bhI kahA hai ki 'maGgalAdIni, maGgalamadhyAni, maGgalAntAni ca zAstrANi prathante / / svo. nyA.-: 'abhi' pUrvaka 'psAMk' dhAtu se 'abhipsAyate' artha meM 'upasargAdAtaH' 5/3/110 se 'aG' hone para 'iDetpusi cAto luk-' 4/3/94 se 'A' kA lopa hogA, bAda meM 'pRSodarAditva' ke kAraNa 'abhi' ke 'a' kA lopa, 'psA' dhAtu ke 'p' kA 's' hogA aura strIliGga meM 'Apa' pratyaya se pUrva 'Ta' kA Agama hogA / isa prakAra 'bhissaTA' zabda banatA hai| 'kacchATikA' aura 'grAmaTikA' zabdoM meM 'kacchA' aura 'grAma zabdoM se 'kutsita' aura 'alpa' ityAdi artha meM 'kap' pratyaya hokara, strIliMga kA 'Apa' pratyaya hogA taba 'kap' pratyaya se pUrva 'Ta' kA Agama hogA, bAda meM 'asyAyat-tat-kSipakAdInAm' 2/4/111 se 'Ta' ke 'a' kA 'i' hone para 'kacchATikA 'aura 'grAmaTikA'3 zabda hoMge / nyA. sindhu -: liMgAnuzAsana meM AcAryazrI ne 'bhissaTA' kA artha 'kutsitA bhissA' kiyA hai| amarakoza (paM. 1804) bhI 'bhissaTA dagdhikA' kahA hai, jabaki TIkAkara ne 'bhissAM TIkate' kahakara 'bhissA' pUrvaka 'TIk' dhAtu se zabdasiddhi kI hai| 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi' koza meM 'kacchA' ke lie kahA hai ki "naukAle paridhAne ca pazcAdaJcalapallave / " kacchA tu cIrikAyAM tu vArAhyAM ca nigadyate // ' Upara batAyA usI prakAra se haimakoza ke anusAra 'kacchA' kA artha pahanane yogya vastra kA antima bhAgacala arthAta pAlava karane para, usase katsita artha meM 'ka' pratyaya hogA aura 'kacchATikA' zabda siddha hogA liMgAnuzAsana kI TIkA meM bhI AcAryazrI ne kahA hai ki 'aJcalapallave cArthaprAdhAnyAt kacchATikA ityapi yad gauDaH kacchA-kacchATikA same' arthAt 'gauDa' zabdakoza meM kacchA aura kacchATikA zabdoM ko samAnArthI mAne gaye haiN| 2. kAndavika, kAmbavika aura vaiNavika ityAdi meM 'RvarNovarNa-dosisusazazvadakasmAtta ikasyeto luk' 7/4/71 se prApta 'ikaNa' ke 'i' kA lopa nahIM hotA hai| niSpatti kI siddhi isa prakAra hai| : 'aM aH anusvAravisargau' 1/1/9 aura 'Apo GitAM yai yAs yAs yAm' 1/4/17 sUtra sthita 'aM aH' tathA 'yai yAs yAs yAm ' padoM meM anukrama se 'au' aura 'jas' pratyaya kA lopa sautratva se siddha hotA hai| lakSyAnurodha se niSpatti kI siddhi pratIta nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki usakA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| isa prakAra Age bhI sautratva aura lakSyAnurodha, una donoM meM se kisI eka se hI siddhi batAyI gaI ho, vahA~ dUsare ke lie asaMbhava svarUpa kAraNa jAna lenA / svo.nyA. :- 'kanduH paNyamasya' artha meM 'kandu' zabda se 'tadasya paNyam' 6/4/54 se ikaN pratyaya hone para 'asvayaMbhuvo'v' 7/4/70 se 'u' kA av' Adeza hone para 'kAndavika' zabda hotA hai| vaise 'kambu' zabda' se 'kambughaTanaM zilpamasya' artha meM aura 'veNu' zabda se 'veNuvAdanaM zilpamasya' artha meM 'zilpam' 6/4/57 se 'ikaNa' hokara 'av' Adeza hone para 'kAmbavikaH' aura 'vaiNavikaH' zabda hote haiN| 1. AcArAMga cUrNi 3. 'grAmaTikA' zabda se gujarAtI bhASA meM 'gAmaDiyA' zabda AyA hai, zAyada /

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360 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) . nyA. siH 'kAndavika 'zabda kI siddhi anya vaiyAkaraNa isa prakAra karate hai -: 'kandu' arthAt 'madyanirmANopayogipAtra' (amarakoza paM. 1767) jo 'karAhI' se prasiddha hai 'tatra saMskRtaM bhakSyaM' artha meM 'kAndavaM' zabda hogA / usase 'paNya' artha meM 'ikaNa' pratyaya hone para 'kAndavika' hogA / amarakoza meM bhI 'ApUpikaH kAndaviko bhakSyakAra ime triSu' zabda (paM.1762) diyA hai| 'kambu' aura 'veNu' zabda se vikAra artha meM 'aN' pratyaya hokara 'kAmbavaM' aura 'vaiNavaM' siddha karake, bAda meM zilpa artha meM 'ikaNa' hone para 'kAmbavika' aura 'vaiNavika' zabda siddha ho sakate haiN| isake bAre meM TippaNi karate hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki apane matAnusAra 'ikaNa' ke 'i' lopa kA abhAva karane ke lie lakSyAnarodhatva kA Azraya kiyA hai| jabaki zrIhemahaMsagaNi ke matAnusAra do pratyayoM ke vidhAnasvarUpa prakriyAgaurava dUra karane ke lie aura 'i' lopa kA abhAva karane ke lie lakSyAnurodhatva kA Azraya kiyA hai| nyA. taraMga -: isa nyAya kA mahattva batAte hue zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki yaha nyAya kevala 'nyAyasaGgraha' ke zeSa aMza kA hI pUraka nahIM hai kintu saMpUrNa zabdazAstra ke zeSa aMza kA pUraka hai| zabdazAstra ke viSaya meM mahAbhASyakAra ityAdi ne bhI kahA hai ki 'prayuktAnAmidamanvAkhyAnam' (bhASA meM prayukta zabdoM kI hI yahA~ vyAkhyA kI gaI hai|) nyA.ta. :- sUtrakAra AcAryazrI kA 'kalikAlasarvajJa' vizeSaNa hone se, prAyaH prayukta sabhI prakAra ke prayoga kI siddhi ho gaI hai, tathApi apanI dRSTi se vastutaH svayaM chadmastha hone se, bhaviSya meM, kisI viSaya meM apane dvArA aprayukta zabdoM ke prayoga dekhanevAle, apane ziSya ityAdi ko usI prayoga ke sAdhutva ke bAre meM AzaMkA ho to, usI AzaMkA dUra karane ke lie isa nyAya kA Azraya kiyA gayA hai| prayogoM kI siddhi isa prakAra hai : 'raNa' ityAdi dhAtu kevala sAmAnya zabdavAcaka (AvAz2avAcaka) hai tathApi 'nUpura' ityAdi ke zabda ko 'raNitaM', 'ratakUjita' zabda ko 'maNitaM', duHkha meM kiye jAte ArtanAda ko, 'kaNitaM', vINA ityAdi ke zabda ko 'kvaNitaM,' pakSI ityAdi ke zabda ko 'kUjitaM' hAthI kI AvAz2a ko 'baMhitaM', ghoDA kI AvAz2a ko 'heSitaM' (heSArava), sAmAnya pazuoM ke zabda ko 'vAsitaM', megha (bAdala) ityAdi ke zabda ko 'garjitaM' siMha ityAdi ke zabda ko 'guJjitaM' kahA jAtA hai aura usakI siddhi lakSyAnusAra hotI hai| dhAtuoM kI siddhi isa prakAra hotI hai| jaise sautra dhAtuoM meM 'kaNDU' ityAdi pratIta hI hai aura usake artha aura udAharaNa ityAdi 'dhAtoH kaNDvAderyak' 3/4/8 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti aura bRhannyAsa se jJAtavya hai| zeSa sautra dhAtuoM se 'kavikalpadruma, uNAdigaNavRtti, nighaMTuvRtti, dhAtupArAyaNa' ityAdi graMtha meM sUtra se aura artha se, varNa ke anukrama se pRthak pRthak kahe gaye dhAtuo ke 'ka, ca, Ta, ta, pa' ityAdi anubaMdha se 'adAdi'- ityAdi gaNanirdiSTa kArya hote haiM, dhAtu 'idit' yA 'Git' ho to Atmanepada, 'Idit' yA 'git' ho to ubhayapada hotA hai aura 'i, i, I' yA 'g' cAra meM se eka bhI anubandha na hone para. usI dhAtu se 'zeSAtparasmai' 3/3/100 se parasmaipadI mAna leN| (nyA. si.) 1. kvacit siMha kI AvAz2a ko 'gajitaM' aura bhaure kI AvAz2a ko 'guJjitaM' kahI jAtI hai|

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361 caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) aba kevala digdarzana ke lie hI kucheka anubaMdha ke phala batAye jA rahe haiM / vaha isa prakAra hai-stambhU stambhe', stambha arthAt kriyAnirodha (sthira honA), 'stabhnAti, stabhnoti' prayoga meM 'stambhU-stumbhU-skambhU-skumbhUskoH znA ca '3/4/78 se 'znA' aura 'znu' pratyaya hote haiM, taba 'no vyaJjanasyAnuditaH' 4/2/45 se 'na' kA lopa hotA hai / karmaNi prayoga meM 'kya' pratyaya para meM hone para 'stabhyate' hotA hai / 'Udit' hone se 'Udito vA' 4/4/42 se 'ktvA' pratyaya para meM hone para 'veTa' hotA hai, ata: jaba 'iT' nahIM hogA taba 'stabvA' hogA aura 'iTa' hone para, 'seT ktvA' hone se ktvA' 4/3/29 sUtra se 'ktvA' meM 'kittva' kA abhAva hone para 'na' kA lopa nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'stambhitvA' rUpa hogA aura 'veT' hone se 'veTo'pataH' 4/4/62 se 'kta, ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iTa' na hone se 'stabdhaH stabdhavAn' rUpa hoMge / adyatanI meM 'Rdicchvi -'3/4/65 se vikalpa se 'aG' hone para 'astambhat, astambhIt' rUpa hote haiM / uNAdi meM 'aga' aura 'pula' se para Aye hue 'stambha' dhAtu se 'agapulAbhyAM-' (uNA363) se Dit 'ya' pratyaya hone para 'agastyaH 'aura 'pulastyaH' zabda banate haiM / 'stabhnAti' artha meM 'jajala titila' ( uNA-18) se 'tintibhaH' nipAtana hotA hai, aura usase 'tasyA'patyaM vRddhaM' artha meM 'gargAdi' hone se 'yaJ' pratyaya hone para 'taintibhyaH' zabda hotA hai| yahA~ varNa ke anukrama se siddhi batAne kI pratijJA kI gaI hai tathApi 'stambhU' ityAdi sautra dhAtu haiM, aisI vRddho kI ukti ( prAcIna paramparA) hone se prathama 'stambhU' kA kathana kiyA hai / aise vRddhoM kI ukti anusAra 'klavi' ityAdi 'laukika' hone se aura 'culumpa' ityAdi dhAtu vAkyakaraNIya' hone se krama meM prathama lie gaye haiM // 1 // AkArAnta dhAtu : 'tandrA Alasye' dhAtu kA 'tandrAti' rUpa hotA hai / 'zIzraddhAnidrAtandrA dayipatigRhispRherAluH' 5/2/37 se 'tandrA' dhAtu se 'Alu' pratyaya hone para 'tandrAlu' zabda hotA hai // 2 // cAra dhAtu ikArAnta hai / 1. 'ki jJAne, kayati' / 'ki' dhAtu se 'uNAdi' ke 'janipaNi'(uNA-140) se 'Ta' pratyaya hone para dIrgha hokara 'kITaH' zabda banatA hai / 'kizR' -(uNA- 435) se 'kara' pratyaya hone para kekaro vakradRk', 'tiniz'-(uNA-537) se 'kiza' pratyaya hone para 'kIzaH' arthAt 'markaTaH' zabda banatA hai // 3 // . 2. pati patane dhAtu ke 'apatAyIt, patayati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'zIG zraddhA-' 5/2/ 37 se 'Alu' pratyaya hone para 'patayAluH' zabda hotA hai aura 'curAdi' ke akArAnta 'pataN' dhAtu se bhI 'patayAluH' zabda hotA hai / // 4 // 3. 'gRhi grahaNe' dhAtu ke 'gRhayati, agRhAyIt' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM, jabaki 'gRhaNi grahaNe' dhAtu (curAdi) ke 'gRhayate, ajagRhata' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / ina donoM dhAtuoM se 'zIzraddhAnidrA' 1. nyAyasaMgraha meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne curAdi ke akArAnta gRha dhAtu kA vartamAnakAla meM 'gRhayate' rUpa diyA hai, jabaki zrI lAvaNyasRrijI ne gRhyate diyA hai, jo mudraNadIpa hone kA saMbhava hai|

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362 5/2/37 se Alu pratyaya hone para 'gRhayAluH ' zabda siddha hotA hai // 5 // svo . nyA. -: aba sautrAdi dhAtu niSpanna hue 'nAma' meM se kucheka ke vyutpatti svarUpa arthasUcaka vigraha vAkya, digdarzana karane ke lie batAye jAte haiM / usI taraha jina arthasUcaka zabda / nAma ke vigrahavAkya na batAye hoM ve banA lene| udA. 'agamarthAd vindhyaM stabhnAti iti agastyaH | 'agaM' arthAt 'vindhya' ko stambhita karanevAle, 'agastyaH' | nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 'tandrANazIlaH' athavA 'tandrANadharmA' athavA 'sAdhu tandrAti' artha meM 'tandrAluH' zabda hotA hai / aise 'patayAluH gRhayAluH' zabdoM ke vigrahavAkya banA lenA / 'kayati jAnAti zikSitaH san nRtyAdyamiti kIzaH / ' nyA. si. : 'pulaM stabhnAti iti pulastyaH / ' 'ciriT hiMsAyAm' dhAtu ke 'ciriNoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM aura 'uNAdi' ke 'cireriTobhUva' uNA - 149 ) sUtra se 'iTa' pratyaya hone para, antya 'i' kA 'bha' Adeza hotA hai aura 'jAterayAnta' 2/4/54 se 'GI' pratyaya hone para 'cibhiTI' zabda banatA hai aura 'TiNTazcar ca vA' (uNA - 150 ) se 'Tit iNTa' pratyaya hone para 'ciri' dhAtu kA 'car' Adeza vikalpa se hone para 'cariNTI' aura 'ciriNTI zabda hote haiM aura usakA artha vadhUTI ( vadhU ) hotA hai // 6 // ukArAnta do dhAtu haiM / 1. 'juM vege' kA 'javati' rUpa hotA hai aura anusvAra kI 'it' saMjJA hone se adyatanI meM 'iT' nahIM hogA aura 'ajauSIt rUpa hogaa| jabaki 'juMG gatau' dhAtu ke 'javate, ajoSTa' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'javaH javanaH' ityAdi zabda kI siddhi, yadyapi nighaNTuvRtti ityAdi meM sautra 'ju' dhAtu se pratyaya karake batAyI hai, tathApi juMG gatau ' dhAtu se bhI isakI siddhi hotI hai // 7 // 2 2. 'kruGgatau' dhAtu ke 'kravate' (kartari ) 'krUyate' (karmaNi) aura ' kravyam' (kRdanta ) ityAdi rUpa hote haiM // 8 // kArAnta 'bhUG prAptau ' dhAtu se 'bhUGa : prAptau NiG ' 3/4/19 se 'bhAvayate' aura 'bhavate' rUpa hote haiM // 9 // kakArAnta chaH dhAtu haiM / 1. 'tarka vicAre' dhAtu kA 'tarkati' rUpa hotA hai| akAra zrutisukha yA uccAraNa ke lie hai / ( isa prakAra Age bhI akArAnta dhAtu ko akArAnta nahIM mAnane cAhie ) // 10 // 2. 'kakka, karka hAse,' dhAtu kA 'kakkati' rUpa aura 'kaktiH ' zabda siddha hotA hai / 'kteTo gurorvyaJjanAt' 5 / 3 / 106 sUtra se 'a' pratyaya hone para 'kakkA' aura 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'kakkaH ' 1. samAH snupAjanIvadhva ciriNTI tu suvAsinI ( amarakoza, paM. 1091) 2. nyA. si. - pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM isa dhAtu kA pATha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kevala use sautra dhAtu ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| ataH unakI mAnyatAnusAra yahA~ isa dhAtu ko batAyA hai 'jucaGkramya-' ( pA. 3 / 2 / 50) sUtra meM bhaTTojI dIkSita ne kahA hai ki 'jUM iti sautro dhAturgatau vege ca'

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355 caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) zabda siddha hote haiM // 11 // _ 'karka ' dhAtu kA 'karkati' rUpa hotA hai aura usase uNAdi ke 'divyavi-' (uNA-142) se 'aTa' pratyaya hone para 'karkaTaH' zabda hotA hai, usase 'jAterayAnta' - 2/4/54 se 'GI' pratyaya hone para 'karkaTI' aura uNAdi ke 'karke'-(uNA-813) sUtra se 'Aru' pratyaya hone para 'kakAru:' zabda hotA hai / // 12 // svo.nyA : 'ciriNoti hanti pittaM' (pitta ko jo dUra karatA hai ) * cibhiTI' (kakaDI/ khurabujA) nyA. si. :- 'taya'nte pramitiviSayIkriyante padArthA anena iti tarka :' / 'tarka' arthAt jisa se padArthoM ko pramiti pramANa kA viSaya banAyA jAya arthAt padArtha kI siddhi kI jAya / 3. 'sika secane' dhAtu kA 'sekati' rUpa hotA hai aura uNAdi ke 'pRSiraJji'- (uNA-208) sUtra se kit 'at' pratyaya hone para 'sikatA' zabda hotA hai // 13 // 4. marka saMpracchane' dhAtu kA 'markati' rUpa hotA hai / uNAdi ke 'divyavi' -( uNA-142) se 'aTa' pratyaya hone para 'narkaTa:' aura 'kairava'-( uNA-519) sUtra se 'ava' pratyaya hokara nipAtana hone se 'AkavaH' zabda hotA hai aura usakA artha 'kezaraJjanaH' hotA hai| nyA.gi :. 'karkaTa' arthAt kapila/bhUkharA raMga aura 'kulIra' kA artha kekaDA (karka) hotA hai / karkaTI arthAt kakar3I aura 'karkAruH' arthAta choTA kharabujA hotA hai| 5. sati bhramaNe' dhAtu kA 'caGkate' rUpa hotA hai / uNAdi ke 'vAzyasi' - ( uNA- 423) sUtra se 'ura' pratyaya hone para 'caGkaraH ' zabda hotA hai aura usakA artha 'ratha' hotA hai / // 15 / 6. 'maki gatau' dhAtu kA 'makate' rUpa hotA hai / uNAdi ke 'kakimaki'-( uNA-245) se yaya hone para 'makanda' zabda hotA hai, vaha eka rAjA kA nAma hai aura usase 'mAkandI paH' (nagarI kA nAma) banatA hai / // 16 // khAnta dhAtu 'rikhi' aura 'likhi' samAnArthaka hai / 'rekhati citrakRt' / arthAt citrakAra rekhAMkana karatA hai / 'bhidAdayaH' 5/3/108 se 'aG' pratyaya hone para, nipAtana se 'rekhA' zabda banatA hai / // 17 // gakArAnta dhAtu-: 'kage mithaH saMprahAre' dhAtu se 'bahulametannidarzanam' vacana anusAra curAdibhyo Nic ' 3/4/17 se svArtha meM 'Nic' hogA bAda meM 'khNam' pratyaya hone para 'kam' kA 'a' kagevanUjanaijaS knas raJjaH' 4/2/25 se vikalpa se dIrgha hone para 'kAgakAgaM, kagaMkagaM' zabda siddha hoMge aura usakA artha 'punaH punaH bAra bAra prahAra karake' hotA hai| yaha dhAtu mauna artha meM hai, aisA kucheka kahate haiM, ata: 'kagati' kA artha 'vaha nahIM bolatA hai / (vaha mauna dhAraNa karatA hai|)' hotA hai| 1. mArkava ArthAt mAkA/bhRGgarAja ko gujarAtI bhASA meM 'bhAMgaro' kahA jAtA hai vaha saMskRta ke bhRGgarAjaH zabda se AyA hai| marAThI bhASA me use mAkA kahA jAtA hai, vaha saMskRta ke 'mArkavaH' zabda se AyA hai ! isakA istemAla maheMdI kI taraha bAla ko raMgane ke lie kinA jAtA hai / 'mArkavo bhRGgarAjaH syAt' (amarakoza paM. 951) 'anda' pratyaya

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364 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) jabaki anya kucheka ke matAnusAra 'kam' dhAtu sarvakriyArthaka hai, ataH 'kagati' kA arthavaha jAtA hai, vaha khAtA hai, vaha sotA hai' ityAdi hotA hai / yaha dhAtu 'edit' hone se 'na vijAgazasakSaNa myeditaH' 4/3/49 se vRddhi kA niSedha hotA hai, ataH 'vyaJjanAdeopAntyasyAtaH' 4/3/47 se prApta vRddhi nahIM hogI aura adyatanI meM 'akagIt' rUpa hogA // 18 // gha antavAlA 'argha mUlye' dhAtu hai, vaha 'mUlya karanA' artha meM hai / 'mahArghaH' arthAt mahAmUlyavAn / 'kalAM nArghanti SoDazIm'2 (ve solahavIM kalA kA mUlya nahIM karate haiN| ) // 19 // ca antavAlA 'marcaN zabde' dhAtu zabda/AvAz2a karanA artha meM hai| marcayati / Nic' anitya hone se 'Nic' ke abhAva meM uNAdi ke 'bhINa zali'-( uNA-21) sUtra se 'ka' pratyaya hone para 'cajaH kagam' 2/1/86 se 'ca' kA ka hone se markaH zabda hogA, usakA artha devadAru 2 hotA hai // 20 // ja antavAle tIna dhAtu haiM / 1. 'maJ saundarye ca' / 'ca' zabda se AvAz2a karanA artha jJAtavya hai| ataH 'maJ' dhAtu kA artha saundarya (sundara honA) aura AvAz2a karanA hotA hai / 'maJjati' / uNAdi ke 'SaSThedhiThAdaya:-' (uNA-166 ) sUtra se 'Tha' pratyaya hone para, nipAtana se 'maJjiSThA' zabda bnegaa| 'RcchicaTi'-( uNA-397 )se 'ara' pratyaya hokara use strIliMga kA 'GI' pratyaya hone para maJjarI' zabda banegA aura kRzapa-( uNA - 418) sUtra se 'Ira' pratyaya hone para 'maJjIra' zabda hogaa| 'kumula'( uNA-487 ) se 'ula' pratyaya hone para maJjula' zabda hogA / khaliphali-' (uNA-560) se 'USa' pratyaya hone para 'maJjuSA' zabda hogA tathA 'bhRmR'- (uNA-716) se bahuvacana ke kAraNa 'u' pratyaya hone para maJju zabda hogA // 21 // 2. 'paJ rodhe' dhAtu, rodha karanA/rokanA artha meM hai| 'nAmni puMsi ca' 5/3/121 se 'Naka' pratyaya hone para 'paJjikA' zabda hogA / uNAdi ke 'RcchicaTi' - (397 ) se 'ara' pratyaya hokara 'paJjara' zabda hogA / // 22 // 3. 'kaJja zabde' dhAtu, AvAz2a karanA artha meM hai| kaJjati' / uNAdi ke 'agyaGgi - ' ( uNA. 405) sUtra se 'Ara' pratyaya hone para 'kaJjAra' zabda koSTajAti artha meM hotA hai // 23 // __Ta antavAle tIna dhAtu haiM / 1. 'raNTa prANaharaNe' dhAtu 'mAra denA' artha meM hai / 'raNTati' / uNAdi meM 'ku' pUrvaka ke 'raNTa' dhAtu se 'ko ruraNTi'- ( uNA-28) se 'aka' pratyaya hone para nyA.siH- 1. yahI mata pANinIya paramparA kA hai aura usakA nirdeza 'siddhAnta kaumudI' meM zrI bhaTTojI dIkSita ne kiyA hai| 2. yahI zloka puSpadaMta ke mahimnastotra meM isa prakAra hai / "dIkSA dAnaM tapastIrtha jJAnaM yAgAdikAH kriyAH / mahimnastavapAThasya kalAM nArghanti SoDazIm // " / 3. 'marka' zabda ke anya artha - vAyu, dAnava, mana, pannaga (sA~pa) aura vighna karanevAlA hote haiM / 4. bhRmR' (uNA-716) sUtra meM 'maJ' dhAtu nahIM hai tathApi sUtra meM bahuvacana hone se anya dhAtuo kA saMgraha sUcita hotA hai| yahA~ bhI isI sUtra se 'u' pratyaya hogaa|

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 365 'kuraNTako vRkSajAtiH' (eka prakAra kA vRkSa) zabda hotA hai // 24 // 2. ghaTu zabde' zabda karanA dhAtu udit hone se 'uditaH svarAnno'ntaH' 4/4/98 se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'ghaNTati' hotA hai // 25 // svo.nyA-'paJjyate rudhyate vicchidyamAno'rtho'nayA iti paJjikA' aisA vigrahavAkya hogA / 'ko pRthivyAM (raNTati) harati virahiNAM prANAn iti kuraNTakaH' / virahIjana ke prANaharaNa kara le vaha kuraNTaka / nyA. si. 'maJjarI' arthAt AmravRkSakA mukura, 'maJjIra' arthAt nupUra aura 'maJjula arthAt manojJa/sundara / 'paJjara' arthAt totA ityAdi pakSiyoM kA piMjarA / kaJjAra' arthAt kusUla (koThAra, dhAnya rakhane kI U~cI koThI) aura 'yUpa' arthAt yajJa kA staMbha aura vyaJjana artha hotA hai, aisA zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiN| 'ghaTu' dhAtu se 'ac' pratyaya hone para ghaNTa' zabda hotA hai, usase strIliMga meM 'Apa' pratyaya hone para ghaNTA' zabda banatA hai| 3. 'maTa hAse' arthAt kSINa honA, 'mttti'| uNAdi ke kRpa-(uNA-589) se 'aha ' pratyaya hone para 'maTahaH' laghubAhu yA laghubAhuka // 26 // Tha antavAlA 'kuTha chedane' dhAtu chedanA artha meM hai| 'koThati' / 'nAmyupAntya'-5/1/54 se 'ka' pratyaya hone para 'kuThaH' vRkSaH zabda banatA hai / uNAdi ke 'tuSikuThi' - ( uNA-408) sUtra se kit 'Ara' pratyaya hone para 'kuThAraH' arthAt parazu zabda hotA hai / // 27 // Da antavAle cAra dhAtu haiM / 1. 'kruDa zabde', AvAz2a karanA / 'kroDati', 'lihAdibhyaH' 5/ 1/50 se 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'kroDaH' zabda banatA hai // 28 // 2. 'uDa saGghAte' samUha, ekatra karanA artha meM hai / 'oDati' / uNAdi ke 'uDe:'-( uNAdi311) se kit 'upa' pratyaya hone para 'uDupaH' (caMdra) zabda hogA // 29 // 3. 'vaDa AgrahaNe', grahaNa karanA artha meM hai / 'vaDati' / uNAdi ke 'kRzapa-( uNA-329) se 'abha' pratyaya hokara gaurAditva ke kAraNa 'GI' pratyaya hone para 'vaDabhI' zabda banatA hai / aura 'RphiDAdInAM Dazca laH' 2/3/104 se 'Da' kA 'la' hone para valabhI' zabda hotA hai / 'vaDivaTi'(uNA- 515) se 'ava' pratyaya hone para 'vaDavA' zabda hotA hai // 30 // 4. 'NaDaN bhraMze,' bhraMza artha meM hai| yahI dhAtu Nopadeza hai / yahA~ NaDi, NaTi, Nudi, NAdhi,' yahI cAra dhAtu nakArAdi hone para bhI Nopadeza hai| usameM 'pAThe dhAtvAdeH'-2/3/97 se 'Na' kA 'na' hotA hai, bAda meM usI 'na' kA 'adurupasargAntaro Na hinumInAneH' 2/3/77 se Na hogA, vaha Nopadeza kA phala hai / udA. 'nADayati, praNADayati' / 'gha' pratyaya hokara 'Da' kA 'la' hone para 'praNAla' zabda hotA hai / Nic' anitya hone se 'Nic' ke abhAva meM 'ac pratyaya hone para 'naDa' zabda ghAsa kI jAtivizeSa artha meM hotA hai / uNAdi ke 'naDe:'-( uNA-712) se Nit 'I' pratyaya hone para 'nADI' zabda-ardhamuhUrta arthAt eka ghar3I/24 miniTa artha meM hotA hai / usase svArtha meM 'ka' pratyaya hone para 'nADikA' zabda hotA hai| 1. svo. nyAsa meM 'raTati' chapA hai, jabaki mUlanyAyabRhadvRtti meM 'raNTati' hai aura vahI prayoga sahI hai| 2. praNAla zabda se gujarAtI meM 'paranAla' zabda AyA hai|

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366 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) svo. nyA. 'vaDati gRhNAti chadIMSi iti vaDabhI' (ghAsa phUsa kI choTI sI jhoMpaDI ko jo grahaNa kare vaha) aura 'vaDati gRhNAti garbhaM iti vaDavA / ' (garbha ko jo grahaNa kare vaha vaDavA) / 'praNAlayati bhrazyati ambhaH anena iti praNAlaH / ' jisake dvArA pAnI (eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna kI ora jAya) sthAnabhraSTa ho vaha praNAla / nyA. si. : 'kroDa' zabda pulliMga meM ho to suara artha / 'kroDA'- strIliMga meM ho to goda artha aura kroDam, napuMsakaliMga ho to sInA/vakSaHsthala artha hotA hai| gauDa zabdakoza meM kahA hai 'strI napuMsakayo: kroDAvakSasi yat kirau pumAn / ' 'uDDapaH' arthAt choTI naukA / valabhI' arthAt chata meM r3era yA gATara ke sAtha juDI huI lakar3iyA~ jisa para chappara banAyA jAtA hai| 'vaDiz baDiz' arthAt machaliyoM ko pakar3ane kI ka~TiyA yA viSa/garala / 'nADI' zabda kA dUsarA arthalambI polI nalI hotA hai| ___ 'naDaNa avasyandane' dhAtu ke sthAna para 'NaDaNa' honA cAhie, aisA naMdI nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa kahate haiM, aisA 'dhAtupArAyaNa' meM batAyA hai / vaha yadyapi dUsare dvArA paThita dhAtupATha ke anusAra hai, aisA kahA hai tathApi uNAdi vRtti meM 'NaDi' dhAtu ko sautra dhAtu ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| ataH yahA~ use sautra dhAtu ke rUpa meM batAyA hai / 'avasyandana' kA artha 'dhAtupArAyaNa' meM 'bhraMza' kiyA hai| // 31 // Na antavAle do dhAtu haiM 1. 'ghaNa hiMsAyAm' hiMsA karanA, 'drun dArUNi dhaNati' / 'lihAdibhyaH' 5/1/50 se 'ac' hone para 'drughaNo ghanaH' zabda hotA hai / // 32 // 2. 'kiNat zabdagatyoH' zabda aura gati artha meM hai / 'kiNati' / 'nAmni puMsi ca ' 5/3/ 121 se 'Naka' pratyaya hone para 'keNikA paTakuTI |unnaadi ke 'nighRSI'-( uNA-511 ) se kit 'va' pratyaya hone para 'kiNvaM' zabda pApa artha meM banatA hai // 33 // . ta antavAle cAra dhAtu haiM / 1. 'kuta gumphaprItyoH' gUMthanA aura khuza karanA artha meM hai / 'kotati' / uNAdi ke 'bhuji kuti-' (uNA-305) se kit 'apa' pratyaya hone para 'kutapaH' zabda kambala yA zrAddhakAla artha meM hotA hai / // 34 // 2. 'puta gatau' gati artha meM hai| 'potati' / uNAdi ke 'kRtiputi'- ( uNA -76) se kit "tika' pratyaya hone para 'puttikA' zabda madhumakkhI artha meM hotA hai| // 35 // svo. nyA. 'kiNanti gacchanti janA atra iti keNikA' / jahA~ loga jAte haiN| vaha keNikA - taMbu kahA jAtA hai / 'kutyate-gumphyate chAgaromabhiH iti kutapaH kambalaH' / bheDa bakarA Adi ke bAla/ roma se jo banAyA jAya vaha kambala / 'kotanti prIyante pitaro'sminniti kutapaH zrAddhakAlaH' / jisa kAla meM pitRoM/pUrvajoM ko khuza/saMtuSTa kiye jAte haiM vaha kutapaH zrAddhakAla kahA jAtA hai| 'potati udyacchanti madhune iti puttikA' / madhu ke lie jo ur3atI hai vaha puttikA arthAt mdhumkkhii|| 1. keNikA arthAt choya taMbu (kapaDe kA) 2. kutapa zabda kA artha bhAnajA bhI hotA hai / (abhidhAnacintAmaNi zloka 543) 3. yahA~ 'udyacchanti' prayoga ke sthAna para 'udgacchanti' prayoga honA cAhie kyoMki puta dhAtu gati artha meM hai|

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 367 nyA.si. -: kiNva kA dUsarA artha surAbIja arthAt jisa meM se madya banatA hai vaisA bIja/dhAnya / 'lata AdAne' grahaNa karanA, 'latati' / 'AG' pUrvaka 'lata' dhAtu se uNAdi ke 'kRtiputi'(uNA-76 ) se kit 'tika' pratyaya hone para AlattikA' zabda gAyana kA prArambha artha meM hotA hai // 36 // 'sAta-sukhane', sukhI honA, 'sAtati' / Nig antavAle 'sAta' dhAtu se 'sAhisAti vedhudeji dhAripAriceteranupasargAt'-5/1/59 se 'za' pratyaya hone para 'sAtayaH' zabda sukha karanevAlA artha meM hotA hai // 37 // tha antavAlA 'katha vAkyaprabandhe' dhAtu vAkyaracanA karanA artha meM hai / 'Nig' pratyaya hone para yA 'bahulam' se 'Nic' vikalpa se hone para adyatanI meM 'acIkathat' rUpa hotA hai / udA. 'bhUridAkSiNyasaMpanna yattvaM sAntvamacIkatha:'( mahAbhArata ). jabaki curAdi 'kathaN' dhAtu akArAnta hone se 'acakathat' rUpa hotA hai // 38 // da antavAle cAra dhAtu haiM / 1. 'uda AghAte' AghAta laganA, 'odati' / uNAdi ke 'kuTikuli'-( uNA-123) se kit 'iJca' pratyaya hone para 'udiJca' zabda vAdya-vizeSa artha meM hotA hai // 39 // 'kSada hiMsAsaMvaraNayoH' dhAtu hiMsA karanA aura DhA~kanA artha meM hai| kSadati' / uNAdi ke 'T'(uNA-446) sUtra se 'traTa' pratyaya hone para 'kSatram' aura usase 'tasyApatyaM' artha meM 'kSatrAdiyaH' 6/1/93 se 'iya' pratyaya hone para 'kSatriyaH' zabda hogA aura 'tvaSTakSattR'-( uNA - 865) se 'tR' pratyaya hone para 'kSattA' dauvArika arthAt dvArapAla artha meM hotA hai // 40 // svo. nyA. : 'A Adau labhyate AdIyate gRhyate iti yAvad nAnArthibhiH iti AlattikA / ' gIta gAne kI icchAvAle prAraMbha meM jisako grahaNa karate haiM, vaha 'AlattikA' arthAt (saMgItazAstra meM) AlApa kahA jAtA hai / 'sAtayati, sukhaM karoti iti sAtayaH' jo sukhI kareM vaha 'sAtayaH' / 'udyate, Ahanyate tUryamanena iti 'udiJcaH' / jisake dvArA vAdya/vAjiMtra ko bajAyA jAya vaha udinycH| 'kSadati hanti zatru iti kSatram' zatru ko hananevAlA kSatram 'kSadati saMvRNoti dvAraM iti kSattA', dvAra ko baMda kareM vaha kSattA / . nyA. si. : upasarga rahita 'lata' dhAtu se 'tika' pratyaya hone para 'lattikA' zabda vAdya-vizeSa artha meM hotA hai| yadi vaha 'go' zabdapUrvaka ho to 'golattikA' kA artha gRhagodhA arthAt chipakalI hotA hai aura 'avalattikA' kA artha godhA-gho hotA hai| kSattA zabda ke anya artha 'niyuktaH, avinItaH, musalaH, pArazavaH, rudraH' aura 'sArathiH' hotA hai| 'sunda hiMsAsaundaryayoH' (hiMsA karanA aura suMdara honA ) 'sundati' / 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'sunda' aura 'upasunda' / usI nAma se do daitya/dAnava the, jo paraspara yuddha meM mAre gaye the' uNAdi ke 'RcchicaTi-' ( uNA-397 ) se 'ara' pratyaya hone para 'sundara' zabda banatA hai // 49 // 'kadi vaiklavyachedanayoH' vikalatA aura chedanA artha meM hai / 'kadate' / 'anaT' pratyaya hone 1. kSatAt kila vAyata ityudagraH, kSatrasya zabda: bhuvaneSu rUDhaH / / (raghuvaMza, sarga-2) 2. zabda ke anityatva ke bAre meM naiyAyika 'sundopasunda' nyAya kI pravRtti karate haiN|

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368 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) para 'kadanam' zabda hogA / uNAdi ke 'picaNDairaNDa'-( uNA-176) se 'aNDa' pratyaya hokara nipAtana hone para 'dhanuS' artha meM 'kodaNDa' zabda banatA hai / 'kadeH' -( uNA-322) se Nit 'amba' pratyaya hone para 'kAdamba' zabda kalahaMsa artha meM hotA hai| jabaki 'kadamba' zabdavRkSa kI jAti artha meM hai| 'dvArazRGgAra'- ( uNA-411) se 'Ara' pratyaya hone para nipAtana se 'kedAra:' zabda banatA hai| 'mudikandi'(uNA-465) se 'ala' pratyaya hokara 'gaurAdibhyo' - 2/4/20 se GI pratyaya hone para 'kadalI' zabda hogA / 42 // dha antavAlA ' midhRg medhAhiMsAsaMgameSu' dhAtu medhA, hiravAra saMgama' artha meM hai / 'kya' pratyaya hone para karmaNi meM 'midhyate' / jabaki 'medhate' ityAdi prayoga 'medhRg saGgame ca' dhAtu ke hote haiM / 'vau vyaJjanAdeH' - 4/3/25 se 'ktvA' pratyaya vikalpa se kit hone para 'midhitvA, medhitvA' rUpa hote haiM / bhidAdayaH' 5/3/108 se 'aGa' pratyaya hone para nipAtana se 'medha' zabda banatA hai // 43 // svo. nyA. -: 'medhA' zabda yadyapi 'medhRg' dhAtu se bhI siddha ho sakatA hai, kintu AcAryazrI hemacaMdrasUrijIne 'midhUg' dhAtu se siddha kiyA hai, ataH hamane (zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne) bhI vaisA kiyA hai| nyA. si-: yadyapi upara batAye hue 'mRdikandi'-( uNA-465) sUtra meM 'kada' dhAtu kA pATha nahIM hai aura vRtti meM bhI 'kadalI' udAharaNa nahIM diyA hai, tathApi "saMjJAsu dhAturUpANi pratyayAzca tataH pare / kAryAd vidyAdanubandhametacchAstramaNAdiSu // " isI prAcIna ukti ke AdhAra para yahA~ 'kad' dhAtu se bhI 'ala' pratyaya hotA hai, ataH AcAryazrI ne svayaM 'svopajJAbhidhAnacintAmaNi vRtti' meM kahA hai ki 'kad' dhAtu sautra hai aura 'kadyate iti kadalI ' zabda meM 'mRdikandi'- ( uNA-465) sUtra se 'ala' pratyaya hotA hai| na antavAlA 'dhanaka dhAnye' dhAtu 'dhAnya se upalakSita kriyA' artha meM hai jaise 'NIla varNe' dhAtu kA 'varNa se upalakSita kriyA' aisA artha dhAtupArAyaNa meM batAyA hai| anyathA 'dhana' aura 'nIla' meM kriyArthatva kA abhAva hone se dhAtutva kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / yahI dhAtu hvAdi (juhotyAdi) hone se 'zit' pratyaya para meM Ane para 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hone se ' dadhanti' / uNAdi ke 'bhRmR'-( uNA-716) se 'u' pratyaya hone para 'dhanuH' zabda 'astra' artha meM hotA hai / 'kRSicami'(uNA-829) se 'U' pratyaya hone para 'dhanUH' zabda 'dhAnyarAzi' artha meM hotA hai / // 44 // pa antavAle cAra dhAtu haiM / 1 'ripa kutsAyAm' nindya artha meM hai| 'repati' / uNAdi ke 'as' (uNA-952) se 'as' pratyaya hone para 'repa:' zabda pApa artha meM hotA hai / // 45 // 2. 'kapa kampane, kapati', uNAdi ke 'RkR-' (uNA-475) se 'Ala' pratyaya hone para 'kapAlam' / 'kaTipaTi-' ( uNA-493) se 'ola' pratyaya hone para kapolaH' zabda banatA hai|||46|| 3. 'kSupa hAse / kSopati / ' 'nAmyupAntya' - 5/1/54 se 'ka' pratyaya hokara 'kSupo 1. dhAtupATha meM 'saMgama' artha diyA nahIM hai| dhAtupATha meM 901, 902 donoM dhAtu tha antavAle haiN|

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28 caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141 ) hrasvazAkhastaru : ' (choTI zAkhAvAlA vRkSa) zabda hogA / // 47 // 4. 'Tupa saMrambhe, Topati' / 'AG' upasarga ke sAtha 'Tupa' dhAtu se 'anaT' pratyaya hone para 'ATopanam ' / ' ghaJ' pratyaya hone para 'ATopa: ' zabda hotA hai | // 48 // 369 ba antavAlA 'bimba dIptau,' suhAnA, 'bimbati' | // 49 // bha antavAle pA~ca dhAtu haiM / 'ribhi, stumbhU, skambhU stambhe / ' ye tIna dhAtu sthira / staMbhita karanA artha meM haiM / 'virebhate sma', 'kSubdha - viribdha-svAnta-dhvAnta-lagna-mliSTa- phANTa- bADha - parivRDhaM mantha svara manastamaH saktA'spaSTAnAyAsabhRzaprabhau' 4/4/70 se nipAtana hone para 'iT' kA abhAva aura 'viribdhaH ' zabda 'svara' artha meM hotA hai / anya artha meM 'viribhita' zabda hotA hai | // 50 // svo. nyA. -: 'dhanu' zabda kA jaba astra artha hotA hai taba ' dhAtUnAmanekArthatvam' nyAya se 'dhan' dhAtu kA 'zabda' artha karane para 'dadhanti iti dhanuH' aisA vAkya hogA aura dhAnya artha karane para 'dadhanati tiSThanti dhAnyAni atra iti dhanuH' aisA vAkya hogA / yahA~ dhAnya viSayaka sthiti ityAdi kriyA jJAtavya hai / 'kSopanti hrasvI bhavanti zAkhAdayo'tra iti kSupa:' jisakI zAkhA ityAdi choTI choTI ho vaha 'kSupaH ' / nyA. si. -: 'dhanuH' zabdakA dUsarA artha 'dAnamAna' batAyA 'aura 'dhanU:' zabda ke anya artha meM 'jyA' (dhanuSdha kI Dora) aura 'varArohA' (uttama strI) bhI hotA hai| 'kapAla' kA artha ghaTa kA eka bhAga (ardha ghaTa) aura khopar3I hotA hai / 'stumbhU' dhAtu se 'stambhUstumbhU-' 3/4 /78 se 'znA' aura 'znu' pratyaya hotA hai, ataH ' stubhnAti, stubhnoti' rUpa hote haiM / karmaNi prayoga meM 'na' kA lopa hone para 'stubhyate, 'Udit' hone se 'kvA' pratyaya hogA taba vaha 'veT' hogA, ataH 'stubdhvA, stumbhitvA' aura 'veT' hone ke kAraNa 'kta, ktavatu' pratyaya para meM Ane para 'veTo'pata: ' 4/4/62 se 'iT' kA abhAva hokara 'stubdhaH, stubdhavAn' zabda hoMge // 51 // 'skambhU' dhAtu se pUrva kI taraha 'znA' aura 'znu' pratyaya hotA hai / 'viSkabhnAti' prayoga meM 'skabhnaH ' 2/3/55 sUtra se 'vi' se para Aye hue 'sa' kA 'Sa' hogaa| jaba 'znu' pratyaya hogA taba 'Sa' nahIM hotA hai aura 'viskabhnoti' hotA hai / karmaNi prayoga meM 'kya' pratyaya hokara 'viSkabhyate' hotA hai / 'Udit' hone se 'ktvA' pratyaya para meM Ane para 'veT' hogA / ataH 'skabdhvA' aura 'skambhitvA' rUpa hoMge / veT hone se 'kta' aura ' ktavatu' pratyaya ke Adi meM 'iT' nahIM hogA / ataH 'skabdhaH, skabdhavAn' rUpa hoMge // 52 // 'skumbhU vistAraNe ca' yaha dhAtu vistAraNa aura 'ca' se staMbhita karanA artha meM hai| pUrva kI taraha 'znA' aura 'znu' pratyaya hotA hai, ataH 'skubhnAti, skubhnoti' rUpa hote haiM / 'kya' pratyaya hone para karmaNi meM 'skubhyate' hotA hai / 'Udit' hone se 'veT' hogA, ataH 'skubdhvA, skumbhitvA, skubdhaH, skubdhavAn' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / uNAdi ke 'jambIra- ( uNA - 422 ) sUtra se 'Ira' pratyaya hone para nipAtana se 'kumbhIra' zabda hotA hai / 'kaH' arthAt vAyu, 'ka' se yukta yahI skumbhU dhAtu se 'kakuptriSTup ' - ( uNA - 932 ) se 'kvip' pratyaya hokara, nipAtana se 'kakup' zabda 'dizA' artha meM hotA

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370 hai / lakSya isa prakAra hai / "musalakSepahuGkArastomaiH kalamakhaNDini ! kucaviSkambhamuttabhnan niHskubhnAtIva te smaraH // 1 // " (he zAlidhAna char3anevAlI strI ! musala kI girAvaTa se pedA honevAlI huGkAra aura vizrAma se mAnoM ki kAmadeva tere stanapradeza ko unnata karatA huA niraMtara vistRt kara rahA hai / ) stoma arthAt vizrAma, viSkambha arthAt pRthutva, uttabhnan arthAt unnata karatA huA, niSkubhnAti arthAt niraMtara vistRta kara rahA hai / svo. nyA. -: 'skubhnAti, stabhnAti jale gajAdInapi iti kumbhIra:' / pAnI meM hAthI Adi ko bhI staMbhita kara de vaha kumbhIra arthAt magaramaccha / 'kaM vAyuM skubhnAti vistArayati iti kakup' vAyu ko vistRta kare vaha dizA / nyA. si. :- 'skabhna:' 2 / 3 / 55 sUtra meM 'skabhnaH' rUpase 'znA' pratyayAnta kA anukaraNa hone se 'tri' se para Aye hue 'nu' pratyayAnta 'skambh' dhAtu ke 'sa' kA 'Sa' nahIM hotA hai| 'ku' se yukta 'skumbhU' dhAtu se 'kvip' pratyaya hone para 'kukup' zabda uSNikchanda artha meM hotA hai / 'dabha vaJcane', chalanA, ThaganA / 'dabhati' / ' Asuyuvapi rapi lapi trapi Dipi dabhi camyAnamaH ' 5/1/20 sUtra se 'ghyaN' pratyaya hone para 'dAbhyo vaJcanIyaH' / 'bahulam' se svArtha meM 'Nic' pratyaya hone para 'dAbhayati' rUpa hotA hai / 54 // nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) antavAle do dhAtu haiM / 1 'Dima, hiMsAyAm Demati' / 'nAmyupAntya' - 5 /1/54 se 'ka' pratyaya hone para 'Dima:' zabda prabandhavizeSa artha meM hotA hai / uNAdi ke 'Dime:' - ( uNA - 356 ) sUtra se kit 'Dima' pratyaya hokara 'DiNDimaH ' zabda hotA hai | // 55 // 'dhama zabde' parokSA meM 'dadhAma' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'dhamati' ityAdi rUpa ' dhmA' dhAtu ke bhI hote haiM / uNAdi ke 'yvasirasi' - ( uNA - 269 ) se 'ana' pratyaya hone para 'dhamanaH' zabda ghAsa kI eka vizeSajAti ke artha meM hotA hai| 'bhillAcchabhalla- ' ( uNA - 464 ) se nipAtana hone para 'dhammilaH ' aura 'sadivRtyami'- ( uNA - 680) sUtra se 'ani' pratyaya hone para ' dhamaniH ' zabda 'zirA' artha meM hotA hai // 56 // ya antavAlA 'pIya pAne' pInA / 'pIyati' / uNAdi ke 'khaliphali-' ( uNA - 560 ) se 'USa' pratyaya hokara 'pIyUSam ' / 'lAkSAdrAkSA' - ( uNA - 597 ) sUtragata 'Adi' zabda se 'akSa' pratyaya hokara nipAtana se 'pIyUkSA' zabda drAkSa kI eka jAti ke artha meM hotA hai // 57 // 'ura gatau, orati' / uNAdi ke 'ure: ' ( uNA-531 ) se kit 'aza' pratyaya hone para 'uraza: ' 1. 2. uNAdi sUtravRtti meM 'kakup' dizA artha meM batAyA hai aura 'kukup' zabda uSNik- chanda artha meM nipAtana hai kintu sUtra meM kevala 'kakup' zabda hai 'kukup' nahIM hai / nATaka ke daza bheda (dazarUpaka - dhanaJjayakRta) isa prakAra haiM / 1. nATakamatha 2 prakaraNa 3 bhANa- 4 vyAyoga5 samavakAra- 6-7-8 DimehAmRgAGka- 9 vIthi 10 prahasanamiva rUpakAni daza /

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 371 zabda kisI RSi ke nAma ke rUpa meM banatA hai / svo. nyA. -: 'dhamati zabdAyate vAyunA antaH zuSiratvAd iti dhamanaH' / bhItara se khokhalA/polA hone se pavana se jo AvAz2a paidA kare vaha 'dhamanaH', tRNajAti / nyA. si. -: 'dhammilaH' arthAt keshpaashH| 'kabarI kezavezo'tha dhammilaH saMyatAH kacA: ' |(amrkosh - paM. 1697 ) / pIyUSa arthAt amRta, ghI yA pratyagraprasavakSIravikAra arthAt gAya yA bhaiMsa ko prasava hone ke bAda sAta dina taka kA dUdha / tura tvaraNe, tvarA karanA, torati / 'AG' sahita 'tura' dhAtu se 'nAmyupAntya-'5/1/54 se ka pratyaya hone para rogI artha meM 'AturaH' zabda hotA hai / akele 'tura' zabda kA artha zIghragAmI hotA hai| 'turo gacchati' meM 'gam' dhAtu se 'nAmno gamaH' - 5/1/131 se Da pratyaya hone para 'turagaH' zabda hotA hai| uNAdi ke 'taka'- ( uNA -187) sUtra se upalakSaNa se isI tura dhAtu se bhI aNa pratyaya hone para 'toraNam' aura 'nAmyupAntya'- (uNA 609) se kit 'i' pratyaya hokara 'turi' zabda bunakara ke eka sAdhana ke artha meM hotA hai / // 59 // tandri sAdamohayoH, sAda arthAt khinna, moha arthAt mUr3hatA / tandrate, tatandre, tandritaH / tandrA arthAt Alasa / yahA~ 'kteTo guroH'- 5/3/106 se a pratyaya hotA hai / uNAdi ke tRstR'-(uNA711) sUtra se I pratyaya hone para tandrIH arthAt samohanidrA // 60 // la antavAle chaH dhAtu haiM / 1. cula pariveSTane, colati / 'nAmyupAntya-'5/1/51 se ka pratyaya hone para 'niculaH' zabda hotA hai, ac pratyaya hone para 'colaH' zabda banatA hai // 61 // 2. ula dAhe, jalAnA / olati / uNAdi ke 'niSkaturuSka' ( uNA-26) se ka pratyaya hone para nipAtana se 'ulkA' zabda banatA hai / 'zaMbUka-' (uNA-61) sUtra se Uka pratyaya hokara nipAtana se 'ulUkaH' zabda banatA hai / 'viSTapolapa-' (uNA-307) se apa pratyaya hokara nipAtana se ulapaH zabda ghAsa kI eka jAti artha meM hotA hai| usI prakAra 'ule:'-(uNA - 828) sUtra se kit akSu pratyaya hone para 'ulakSuH' zabda bhI ghAsa kI eka jAti artha meM hotA hai // 62 // svo. nyA. -: 'toranti utsukIbhavanti asmin AgatA gRhAdi pravezArthe iti toraNam / Aye hue atithi ityAdi ko ghara meM praveza karane ke lie jisase utsuka ho jAte hai vaha 'toraNa' / 'olati dahyate'nenAzritaM gRhAdikamiti ulUkaH' Azrita gRha ityAdi ko jalA deM vaha ulUkaH' / nyA.si. -: zambUka-zAmbUka-vRdhUka-(uNA-61) sUtra kI bRhavRtti meM 'aleruccopAntyasya'- kahakara ala dhAtu se usakI siddhi kI hai jabaki 'niSka-taruSka- (uNA-26) satra kI bahavatti meM ulaka zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue 'jvalerulAdezazca, uleH sautrasya vA' kahA hai, ataH jvala dhAtu aura sautra ula dhAtu se bhI 'ulUka' zabda kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| ___ 'lula kampane, lolati, lulitam' / uNAdi ke kuliluli-' ( uNA-372) sUtra se kit Aya' pratyaya hone para 'lulAyaH' zabda hotA hai / // 63 // 1. 'tura' zabda koza meM 'turI' ke rU pameM hai /

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372 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) _ 'salla gatau, sallati' / uNAdi ke 'dRkR-' (uNA-27) sUtra se 'aka' pratyaya hokara, gaurAditva se strIliGga meM 'DI' pratyaya hone para 'sallakI' zabda hogA // 64 // .. 'halla ghUrNane, hallati' / uNAdi ke 'dRkR'- (uNA-27) se 'aka' pratyaya hone para 'halakaM' zabda lAlakamala artha meM hotA hai // 65 // "bhilaN bhede, bhelayati' / "Nic' anitya hone se 'Nic' ke abhAva meM 'ac' pratyaya hone . para 'bhelaH' zabda 'taraNDa' choTI-sI naukA artha meM hotA hai| 'Dalayoraikye' Da aura la ko samAna mAnane para 'bheDaH' zabda bakarA artha meM hotA hai / uNAdi ke 'vilibhili'- (uNA-340) sUtra se kit 'ma' pratyaya hone para bhilmaM zabda bhAsvara (sakeda yA dedIpyamAna) artha meM hotA hai / // 66 // va antavAle do dhAtu haiM / 1. 'dhanva tava gatau', 'dhanvati' / uNAdi ke 'ukSitakSi'-( uNA900) sUtra se 'an' pratyaya hone para 'dhanvan (dhanvA)' zabda 'maruH' artha meM hotA hai / // 67 // 2. 'tava, tavati' / uNAdi ke 'tavervA' ( uNA-550) sUtra se vikalpa se 'Nit' honevAlA 'iSa' pratyaya hone para 'tAviSa' aura 'taviSa' zabda svarga artha meM hoMge // 68 // svo. nyA. -: 'lolati paGke iti lulAyaH' arthAt 'mahiSaH' bhaiMsA / 'tavyate gamyate puNyavadbhiH iti taviSaH' (puNyavAn jahA~ jAya vaha, svarga, taviSa:) nyA. si-: 'ulapa' zabda ke dUsare artha paMkaja arthAt kamala, pAnI aura kisI RSi kA nAma hotA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'halakI' zabda diyA hai aura usake bAre meM batAyA hai ki 'dRkR-'( uNA-27) sUtra meM halli dhAtu kA pATha kiyA nahIM hai, tathApi bahuvacana nirdeza se ' halli' dhAtu kA grahaNa hotA hai / 'dhanvan' zabda kA artha 'marubhUmi' aura 'dhanuSya' hotA hai| __ 'tAviSa' zabda kA dUsarA artha 'teja, bala' hotA hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'iSa' pratyaya 'Tit' hone se tAviSa aura taviSa zabdoM se strIliGga meM 'GI' pratyaya karake 'tAviSI' aura 'taviSI' zabda vAtyA (bhahAvAyu) aura devakanyA artha meM siddha karate haiM / bRhadvRtti meM aisA batAyA hai| za antavAle tIna dhAtu haiM / 'pazI spazI bAdhana grathanayozca', bAdhana arthAt pratIghAta-pratighoSa karanA / 'ca' se gati artha lenA / 'pazati, pazate' / gati arthavAle 'paza' dhAtu se 'gatyarthAt kuTile' 3/4/11 sUtra se 'yaG' pratyaya hone para 'japajabha'-4/1/52 se 'mu' Agama hogA aura 'pampazyate' rUpa siddha hogA aura 'yaG' kA lopa hogA taba 'pampazIti, pampaSTi' rUpa hoMge // 69 // ___'spazI-spazate, spazati' / Ga paraka 'Ni' pratyaya hone para sanvadbhAva ke apavAda meM 'mRdRtvara prathamradastRspazeraH' 4/1/65 sUtra se pUrva kA 'a' hone para 'apaspazat' rUpa siddha hotA hai / 'Ni' pratyayAnta 'spaz' dhAtu se 'kta' pratyaya hone para Nau dAntazAntapUrNadastaspaSTacchannajJaptam' 4/4/74 sUtra se 'Ni' kA lopa aura hrasva donoM kA ekasAtha vikalpa se nipAtana hone para 'spaSTaM' aura 'spAzitam' rUpa hote haiM / 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'spazaH' zabda cara arthAt jAsUsa artha meM hotA hai| 'ghaJ' pratyaya hone para 'spAza' zabda bandhana artha meM hotA hai / lakSya isa prakAra hai-"seyamubhavata: spAzA rajjuH" / uNAdi ke 'spazibhrasje:'-( uNA-731) sUtra se kit 'u' pratyaya hokara 'sa' kA lopa hone para 'pazuH' zabda banatA hai| // 7 //

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 373 ___'Rzat, gatistutyoH, Rzati' / uNAdi ke 'Rzijini'-( uNA-361) sUtra se kit 'ya' pratyaya hone para 'RzyaH ' zabda hogA // 71 // Sa antavAle do dhAtu hai / 'bhiSa bhaye' / 'bheSati rogo'smAditi' artha meM uNAdi ke 'bhiSeH'(uNa-131) sUtra se 'aja' pratyaya hone para vikalpa se 'bhiSa' aura 'bhiSNa' Adeza hokara vaidya artha meM 'bhiSajaH, bhiSNajaH' zabda hote haiM / 'bhiSa' aura 'bhiSNa' Adeza nahIM hoMge taba auSadha artha meM 'bheSajaH' zabda hotA hai / 'Rdhiprathi'-( uNA-874) sUtra se kit 'aj' pratyaya hone para 'bhiSak' zabda hotA hai| 'sampradAnAccAnyatroNAdayaH' 5/1/15 sUtra se 'apAdAna' artha meM uNAdi kA niSedha kiyA hai, tathApi, uparyukta zabda 'bhImAdi' (bhIma ityAdi) zabda ke gaNapATha meM hone se bhImAdayo'pAdAne' 5/1/14 sUtra se 'apAdAna' artha meM 'aja' aura 'aj' pratyayAnta nipAtana hotA hai // 72 // 'yuSI sevane' 'yoSati, yoSate' / 'uNAdi ke 'hRsa'-(uNA-887) sUtra se 'it' pratyaya hone para yoSit' zabda hotA hai / 'yuSyasi'-(uNA-899) sUtra se kit 'mad' pratyaya hokara 'yuSmad' zabda hotA hai // 73 // dhiSa ca' sa antavAle tIna dhAtu haiM / 1. 'lusa hiMsAyAm, losati' / uNAdi ke 'RSi vRSi-' ( uNA - 331) se kit 'abha' pratyaya hokara 'lusabha' zabda bAla hAthI artha meM hotA hai // 78 // 2. 'pasI gatibandhananivAseSu / pasate, pasati ' gati arthavAle 'pas' dhAtu se kuTila gati artha meM 'yaG' pratyaya hogA taba 'japajabha'-4/1/52 sUtra meM dantya sakArAnta 'pas' dhAtu bhI iSTa hone se 'mu' kA Agama hokara 'pampasyate' aura yaG kA lopa hogA taba 'pampasIti' aura 'pampasti' rUpa hoNge| bandhana arthavAle 'pas' dhAtu se bahulatA se svArtha meM 'Nic' hone para 'pAsayati' rUpa hotA hai| udA. 'pAsayati pAzairazvam' / (vaha rajju se ghor3e ko bA~dhatA~ hai|) nivAsa arthavAle 'pas' dhAtu se uNAdi ke 'mRzI'-( uNA-360) sUtra se takArAdi 'ya' (tya) pratyaya hokara 'pastyaM' zabda gRha artha meM hotA hai| 'bhasak bhartsanadIptyoH ' / yaha dhAtu hvAdi (juhotyAdi) hai, ataH 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hone para 'babhasti' / 'kta' pratyaya hone para bhasitam' / uNAdi ke 'huyAmA'-(uNA-451) sUtra se 'tra' pratyaya hone para bhastrA' aura 'man' (uNA-911) se 'man' pratyaya hokara 'bhasman' zabda hogaa| // 76 // ha antavAle do dhAtu haiM / 1. 'luhaM hiMsAmohayoH / lohati' / anusvAra kI 'it' saMjJA huI hai, ataH 'ekasvarAdanusvAretaH' 4/4/56 se 'iT' kA abhAva hogA / ataH 'loDhA, loDhum' zabda hoMge aura 'ac' pratyaya hone para loham' hogA / uNAdi ke 'mRdi kandi'-( uNA-465) se 'ala' pratyaya hokara 'lohalaH' zabda asphuTavAk aspaSTavANI artha meM hogA // 77 // nyA. si.-: 'pazu' zabda kA artha tiryaMca yA maMtra dvArA vadhya ho aisA manuSya arthAt mAnava-bali hotA hai| si. meM "seyamubhayataH pAzA rajuH" pATha hai / 'Rzyati gacchati vAtAbhimukhamiti' yA 'Rzyate stUyate vA vyAdhairiti RzyaH' arthAt mRga kI eka prakAra kI jAti / bhiSak arthAt vaidya / 1. yahA~ pa antavAle do hI dhAtu haiM, aisA pahale kahA hai, ataH tIsarA 'dhipa' dhAtu hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai /

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374 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'rihaM hiMsAkatthanAdau' 'katthana' arthAt zlAghA-prazaMsA / rehati ' / anusvAra kI it saMjJA huI hai, ataH 'reDhA, reDhum' zabda hoMge / 'rihate' artha meM kta pratyaya hokara svArtha meM 'ka' pratyaya hone para 'rIDhakaH' zabda 'pRSThavaMza/merurajju/rIDha kI haDDI artha meM hotA hai / 'anaT' pratyaya hone para 'rehaNam' bhidAdi hone se aG' pratyaya hokara nipAtana se rIDhA' zabda avajJA/ apamAna artha meM hotA hai| // 7 // kSa antavAle do dhAtu haiM / ina donoM dhAtuoM ko Sa antavAle dhAtu ke sAtha kahane cAhie kyoMki usake anta meM mUrdhanya Sa hai, kintu vaicitrya batAne ke lie hI sabhI vargoM ke anta meM use batAyA hai| usI prakAra Age bhI parapaThita dhAtuoM meM jahA~ kSa antavAle dhAtuoM kA sabhI varNa ke bAda pATha kiyA ho, vahA~ bhI yahI kAraNa mAna lenA / 'cukSi zauce, cukSati' / 'kta' pratyaya hone para 'cukSitaH' / 'kteTo guro:-'5/3/106 se 'a' pratyaya hokara 'cukSA' zabda banatA hai / 'cukSA zIlamasya' artha maM 'asthAcchatrAde:'-6/4/60 se 'aJ' pratyaya hokara 'caukSaH' hotA hai aura 'tasya bhAvaH karma vA' artha meM 'patirAjAnta'-7/1/60 se 'TyaNa' pratyaya hone para 'caukSyam' hogA / // 79 // 'cikSi vidyopAdane / cikSate / cikSitaH / ' 'kteTo guroH'-5/3/106 se 'a' pratyaya hone para 'cikSA' zabda hogaa| Upara batAye hue aura 'Adi' zabda se dUsare bhI dhAtuoM kI sautratva se yA lakSyAnurodha se siddhi hotI hai| aba jo dhAtu kahe jAyeMge usameM klavi, culumpi, kuci, uddhaSi, ullakasi, kraMzati' ityAdi pA~ca' dhAtuoM aura 'stanAdi SaTka' arthAt stana ityAdi cha dhAtuoM kula milAkara solaha dhAtuoM ko chor3akara 'gahayati' paryanta prAyaH saba dhAtu curAdi gaNa ke hI hai / vastutaH curAdi dhAtu aparimita saMkhyA meM haiM, ata: usakA koI nizcita parimANa nahIM hai, ataH kevala lakSyAnurodha se usakA anusaraNa karanA, ata eva candragomin nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa ne curAdi gaNa aparimita hone se paramArtha se lakSyAnusAra anusaraNa hotA hai, aisA mAnakara kevala do tIna hI curAdi dhAtuoM kA pATha kiyA hai kintu jyAdA svo.nyA.-: 'pasanti nivasanti atra iti pastyam / ' jahA~ nivAsa kiyA jAya vaha 'pastyam' arthAt gRham / 'bhasitaM dIptaM taditi' (bhUtakAla meM jo dIptimAn thA) vaha 'bhasma' / yadyapi uNAdi pratyaya sAmAnyatayA vartamAnakAla artha meM hI hote haiM, tathApi yahA~ 'bahulam' se bhUtakAla artha meM huA hai| nyA. si. siddhahema bRhadvRtti meM 'yoSati-gacchati puruSamiti yoSit' aisA vigraha batAyA hone se 'yuSI' dhAtu kA gati artha bhI AcAryazrI ko mAnya ho aisA lagatA hai| 'lusabha' zabda kA artha bRhadvRtti meM hiMsaka prANI, madonmatta hAthI aura vana batAyA hai / yahA~ siddhahema bRhadvRtti meM 'bhasi juhotyAdau smaranti' kahA hai aura pANinIya paraMparA meM bhI 'bhasa bhartsanadIptyoH' dhAtu kA juhotyAdi gaNa meM pATha kiyA hai| 'lohala' zabda ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI kahate haiM ki 'muralorala'-(uNA-474) sUtra meM 'lohala' zabda nahIM hai tathApi 'Adi' zabda se, usI sUtra se 'lohala' zabda kA nipAtana hotA hai| isI sUtra meM 'kAhala' zabda kA avyaktavAk artha meM nipAtana hotA hai kintu usI zabda kA dUsarA artha vAdyavizeSa artha hotA hai|

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caturtha vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 141 ) dhAtuoM ko dhAtupATha meM nahIM batAye haiM / usameM prathama 'klavi' dhAtu ko chor3akara anya laukika dhAtu akArAnta haiM / 'klavi vaiklavyaM' / 'viklavate' / ' 'ac' pratyaya hone 'viklavaH' / lakSya isa prakAra hai-: milantyAzAsu jImUtA viklavante divi grahAH [ ] ( dizAoM meM bAdala prApta hote haiM, ataH AkAza meM graha chAyA / prabhAva rahita hote haiM ) 'viklavante' kA artha 'vicchAyIbhavanti' (chAyArahita hotA hai ) aisA hotA hai // 1 // 'vIjaN vyajane', kartari hyastanI - ' avIjayat' / "rAjahaMsairavIjyanta" karmaNi hyastanI / yaha dhAtu akArAnta hone se Gaparaka 'Ni' pratyaya hone para 'ataH ' 4/3/82 se 'a' kA lopa hone se dhAtu samAnalopi mAnA jAtA hai / ataH 'upAntyasyA' - 4 / 2 / 35 se upAntya kA hrasva nahIM hotA hai aura 'avivIjat' rUpa hotA hai / 'vi' upasarga se yukta 'Ij' dhAtu se 'Ni' pratyaya hone para 'vyaijayat' rUpa kartari hyastanI tathA 'vyaijayanta' ( karmaNi hyastanI) 'vyaijijad' (preraka kartari hyastanI) ityAdi rUpa hote haiM // 2 // 375 'hIlaN nindAyAm' / hIlayati / 'Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para, pUrva kI taraha upAntya hrasva kA abhAva hotA hai, ata: 'ajihIlat' hotA hai / 'kta' pratyaya hone para ' hIlitaH ' / 'Nic' anitya hai, ataH usake abhAva meM 'kTo guro: '-5/3/106 se 'a' pratyaya hokara 'hIlA' / 'NivettyAsa '-5 / 3 / 111 se 'ana' pratyaya hokara 'holanA' | ||3|| 'andolaNa, hindolaN, preGkholaN dolane / ' dolana arthAt utkSepa (hIMcanA ) ' andolayati' / Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para 'svarAderdvitIyaH ' 4/1/4 se dvitIya aMza kA dvitva hogA usameM 'na badanaM-' 4/ 1/5 se 'na' ke dvitva kA niSedha hogA aura dhAtu akArAnta hone se upAntyasyA' - 4 / 2 / 35 se upAntya kA hrasva nahIM hogA, ataH 'Andudolat' rUpa hogA | ||4|| 'hindolaN' dhAtu ke vartamAnakAla meM 'hindolayati' aura adyatanI meM 'ajihindolat' rUpa hogA / // 5 // 'preGkholaN' dhAtu ke bhI 'preGkholayati' aura Ga paraka 'Ni' hone para 'apipreGkholat' rUpa hotA hai // 6 // 'rUSaN rukSaNavyAptyoH' / 'rUSayati' / udA. 'aTan ruSayati bhuvam / ' (ghumatA huA vaha pRthvI para vyApta ho jAtA hai, 'phailatA hai ) / pRSodarAdi hone se 'ATarUSakaH ' zabda kA nipAtana hotA hai / Ga. paraka 'Ni' hone para hUsva ke abhAva meM 'arurUSat' rUpa hotA hai / lakSya isa prakAra hai-: 'karIva so'ntargiri reNurUSitaH / " [ ] ( parvata ke andara reNu se AcchAdita hasti jaisA vaha ) ityAdi // 7 // nyA.si. 1. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'reNurUSitaH' prayoga kA udAharaNa isa prakAra diyA hai / paribhraman lohitacandanocitaH, padAtirantargirireNurUSitaH / mahArathaH satyadhanasya mAnasaM dunoti no kaccidayaM vRkodaraH // (kirAta. sa. 3) iti bhAraviH /

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376 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'vAkyakaraNIya dhAtu isa prakAra hai-: 'culumpa chedane ' / 'culumpati' / uNAdi ke 'kaJca - kAMzuka '-(uNA-57) sUtra se kit 'uka' pratyaya hokara nipAtana hone para 'culukaH' zabda hogA' 'kiJcicculumpati,' 'kIcaka'-( uNA-33) se 'aka' pratyaya hokara nipAtana hone para 'kiJcalakaH' zabda kRmi kI eka jAti artha meM hotA hai / lakSya isa prakAra hai| 'nipAnaM dolayanneSa prekholayati me manaH / pavano vIjayannAzA, mamAzAmucculumpati // 1 // (jalAzaya ko taraMgita karatA huA yaha pavana mere mana ko cakkara cakkara bhamAtA hai| AzAdizAoM ko AvAz2a se bharanevAlA (yaha) pavana merI AzA ko nirmUla kara rahA hai|) 'kUca udbhedane' / 'kUcati' / 'nAmni puMsi ca' 5/3/121 sUtra se 'Naka' pratyaya hone para 'kUcikA' zabda 'citrakaralekhanI'/ pIchI artha meM aura kUJcikA arthAt cAbI artha meM hotA hai| // 2 // 3 dhaTaN bandhane,' 'nirdhATayati' / 'Naka' pratyaya hone para 'dhATakaH' / 'Nic' anitya hone se usake abhAva meM 'ac' pratyaya hokara 'dhaTa:' zabda tulA/ tarAjU artha meM hotA hai // 3 // ___" ulluDaN uttttiikne'| yaha dhAtu akArAnta hai| udA.'mAgha' kAvya meM tAvat kharaH prakharamulluDayAJcakAra (taba taka gardabha utkRSTatayA loTatA rahA ) yahA~ 'a' kA luk huA hai, usakA sthAnivadbhAva hone para upAntya u kA guNa nahIM hotA hai / // 4 // 'avadhIraNa avajJAyAm' / anAdara karanA, "tanna dharmamavadhIraya dhIra !" (he dhIra ! tUM dharmakA anAdara mata kara / ) adyatanI meM 'Ga' pratyaya hone para 'AvavadhIrat' rUpa hogA // 5 // "uddhaSat, ullakasat ucchasane' / isameM prathama dhAtu kuTAdi gaNa meM hai / 'uddhRSati, ullasati aGgamanena' / 'udbhuSaNaM , ullakasanaM ca romAJcaH' / romAMca honA / 'uddhaS' dhAtu kuTAdi hone se 'anaT' pratyaya 'Git' hotA hai, ata: 'u' kA guNa nahIM hotA hai // 6/7 // ___ yahA~ kucheka laukika dhAtu, vAkyakaraNIya dhAtuoM meM pAye jAte haiM aura granthabheda se unameM batAye hue kucheka laukika dhAtuo meM bhI pAye jAte haiM, ataH ye laukika dhAtu haiM aura ye nyA. si. 1. kriyAvAcitve sati pAThA'paThitatve sati, sUtrAgRhItatve sati ziSTaprayogaprayojyaviSayatvaM vaakykrnniiytvm| (dhAtupATha- pR.300) 2. culukaH arthAt aMjali/karakoza / 3. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'dhaTaNa' ke sthAna para 'ghaTaN'dhAtu diyA hai aura rUpa bhI usIke anusAra diye haiN| 4. saMpUrNa zloka isa prakAra hai| agre kramelakasamAgamabhItabhItastAvat kharaH prakharamullulayAJcakAra / yAvaccalAsanavilolanitambabimba-vitrastavastramavarodhavadhUH papAta // (zizupAlavadha, mAdha) Da aura la ko eka hI mAna kara zrIlAvaNyasurijI ne 'ullayati' aura zloka meM 'ullayAJcakAra' prayoga diye haiN|

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caturtha vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 141 ) vAkyakaraNIya dhAtu haiM, aisA dRDha jJAtavya hai / 377 viveka anvarthaka aisI isa saMjJA aura vizeSa sampradAyavid se aba sautra, laukika aura vAkyakaraNIya dhAtuoM ko chor3akara, jo akArAnta dhAtu dhAtupArAyaNa meM batAye haiM, usakA kathana karate haiM / 1. 'khacaN bandhane', 'taDit khacayatIvAzA" ( mAno ki dizAoM ko bijalI bA~dha rahI hai / ) ( varSAvarNane, vAlmIkiH ) "Asane ratnakhacite " ( ratna se jaDita Asana para ) | yaha dhAtu akArAnta hone se' ata: ' 4/3/82 se 'a' kA lopa hotA hai, usakA sthAnivadbhAva hone para 'a' upAntya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, ataH usakI vRddhi nahIM hotI hai| adyatanI meM 'Ga' para meM hone para 'acakhacat' yahA~ dhAtu akArAnta hone se aura 'ata: ' 4/3/82 se 'a' kA lopa hone se, vaha samAnalopa ho jAtA hai ata: pUrva kA sanvadbhAva aura dIrgha nahIM hotA hai // 1 // 7 'AjaN balatejasoH, ojayati' / 'san' pratyaya hone para 'svarAde: ' - 4/1/4 se 'ji' kA dvi hokara 'ojijayiSati' / 'Ga' pratyaya hone para adyatanI meM 'aujijat' rUpa hotA hai / 'zaMkA' :- lopa hue 'a' kA sthAnivadbhAva hone para 'ja' kA dvitva prApta hai to 'ji' kA dvitva kyoM kiyA ? 'samAdhAna' : ' ata: ' 4/3/82 sUtra kI vRtti meM batAyA hai ki 'Ni' ke viSaya meM 'a' kA luka hotA hai, usakA Azraya karane para 'a' kA luk Ni ke viSaya meM kiyA gayA hai, kintu Ni nimittaka nahIM kiyA hai, ataH paranimitta kA abhAva hai| jabaki 'svarasya pare prAgvidhau' - 7/4/110 sUtra se paranimittaka svarAdeza kA hI sthAnivadbhAva hotA hai, ata eva yahA~ 'a' kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hotA hai aura 'ji' kA hI dvitva hotA hai / ' mA bhavAnojijat' yahA~ dhAtu akArAnta hone se vaha samAnalopi hotA hai, ataH dvitva hone se pahale prApta 'upAntyasyA' - 4 / 2 / 35 se hrasva nahIM hotA hai / 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'ojam' arthAt eka, tIna, pA~ca ityAdi viSama saMkhyAe~ / uNAdi ke 'as' (uNA - 952 ) se 'as' pratyaya hone para 'oja:' zabda hotA hai | // 2 // 'sphuTaN praakttye'| 'skuTayati' / luk hue 'a' kA sthAnivadbhAva hone para guNa nahIM hotA 113 11 'tucchaN AcchAdane' | 'tucchayati' // 4 // 'skandhaN samAhAre' / 'skandhayati' / 'skuTaM karoti', 'sphuTayati artham / ' isa prakAra 'sphuTa' ityAdi 'nAma' se Nij pratyaya hokara 'sphuTayati, tucchrayati, skandhayati' ityAdi rUpa kI siddhi ho sakatI hai tathApi 'sphuTaN' ityAdi kA akArAnta dhAtu meM pATha kiyA, vaha iSTa artha kA pratyaya (jJAna) hone ke bAda binA 'Nij' hI prayoga karane ke lie hai / udA. 'pAMsurdizAM mukhamatucchayadutthito'dre : '

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378 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 'atucchayad' prayoga meM dhAtu akArAnta hone se anekasvaranimittaka kArya bhI hote haiM aura 'Nic' anitya hone se 'Nic' ke abhAva meM bhI vaha anekasvarayukta mAnA jAtA hai, ataH 'vyaJjanAderekasvarAd'3/4/9 se yaG nahIM hotA hai / 'zaMkA' : yaha kaise ? kyoMki 'Nic sanniyoge eva curAdInAmadantatA' aisA nyAya hai / 'samAdhAna'-: Apa kI bAta saca hai kintu 'nyAyA: sthavirayaSTiprAyAH ' nyAya se 'Nic saMniyoge eva' nyAya kI pravRtti yahA~ nahIM hotI hai aura dhAtu anekasvarayukta hone se ' dhAtoranekasvarAd'-3/4/46 se parokSA meM 'Am' pratyaya hone para 'sphuTAJcakAra' ityAdi rUpa bhI hote haiM / zIlAdi artha meM 'nindahiMsa'5/2/68 se Naka pratyaya hokara 'sphuTaka:' ityAdi zabda bhI hote haiM / anya vaiyAkaraNoM ke matAnusAra aise dhAtuoM meM 'a luk' kA bAdha karake upAntya na ho aise antya 'a' kI, utpalamatIya vaiyAkaraNa 'JNiti' sUtra se vRddhi karake 'artirIvlI' - 4 / 2 / 21 se 'pu' kA Agama hone para 'sphuTApayati, tucchApayati, skandhApayati' ityAdi rUpa bhI hote haiM / // 5 // 'USaN chedane, USayati' / 'san' pratyaya hone para 'svarAdeH ' - 4 / 1/4 se 'Si' kA dvitva hogA aura 'uSiSayiSati' rUpa hogaa| adyatanI meM 'Ga' hone para ' auSiSat' hogA / yahA~ bhI pUrva kI taraha viSayavyAkhyA kA Azraya karane se luk hue 'a' kA sthAnivadbhAva nahIM hogA / 'mA bhavAnUSiSat' yahA~ bhI dhAtu akArAnta hone se 'samAnalopi' hone se, dvitva hone se pahale, upAntya kA hUsva nahIM hotA hai // 6 // 'vasaN nivAse, vasayati' / dhAtu akArAnta hone se vRddhi nahIM hogI aura 'avavasat ' rUpa hogA / yahA~ bhI dIrghavidhi aura sanvadbhAva nahIM hogA // 7 // 'krazu, pizu, kusu, dasu, trasu,' dhAtu anukta arthavAle haiM arthAt ina dhAtuoM kA artha nahIM batAyA gayA hai| udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hogA, ataH 'kuMzati // 1 // piMzati, piMzyate // 2 // kuMsati // 3 // daMsati // 4 // sati // 5 // rUpa hoMge / ina dhAtuoM aura aise anya dhAtuoM ke artha kA nirNaya lakSyAnusAra karanA cAhie / tAtparya/bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai| 'prakAza karanA' prakAzita honA artha meM ye pA~ca dhAtu curAdi gaNa meM haiM kyoM ki lokR ta ..... daMDaka meM ina sabakA pATha kiyA gayA hai / 'ye dhAtu anya artha meM bhI haiN|' aisA 'dhAtupArAyaNa' meM batAyA hai, tathApi anya kisI bhI artha meM kahIM bhI prayukta nahIM pAye gae haiM, ata eva yahA~ ina saba ko anukta arthavAle batAye haiM / 1 zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'pAMsurdizA mukhamatucchayadutthito'dreH' (zizupAlavadha) udAharaNagata 'atucchayad' ke sthAna para 'atutthayad' rUpa mAnate haiM aura usake samarthana meM mudrita kitAba ke pATha ko batAte haiN| vastutaH prAcIna hastalikhita pratiyoM meM 'ccha' aura 'ttha' donoM samAna rUpa [7] likhe jAte the, ataH use 'ccha' par3hanA yA 'ttha' par3hanA, vaha prakaraNa anusAra vAcaka/ par3hanevAle svayaM par3ha lete the| ataH mudritapustaka meM aisI bhUla hone kI pUrI saMbhAvanA hai| isase atirikta isake samarthana meM ve pANinIya paramparA ke curAdi gaNa ke 'tuttha AvaraNe' dhAtupATa batAte haiM / tathApi anta meM isake bAre meM ve kahate hai ki lakSaNaikacakSupka, hama isakA nirNaya nahIM kara sakate haiN| kevala lakSyaikacakSupka, aise vaiyAkaraNa hI isakA niSedha karane meM samartha haiM /

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141 ) 379 aba jo dhAtu haimadhAtupATha meM batAye haiM kintu anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne unhIM dhAtuoM ko anya rUpa se/ prakAra se batAye ho ve dhAtuoM aura haimadhAtupATha meM na batAye hoM aura anya vaiyAkaraNoneM batAye hoM aise atirikta dhAtuoM ko yahA~ parapaThita dhAtu kaheM haiN| usameM zurU ke tIsa dhAtu akArAnta haiM / 'kheDaN bhakSaNe, kheDayati' / adyatanI meM 'Ga' pratyaya hone para dhAtu akArAnta hone se 'upAntyasyA'-4/2/35 se hrasva nahIM hogA, ataH 'acikheDat' rUpa hogA // 1 // 'paNaN vikraye' / Nyanta hone se 'yuvarNavRdRvazaraNagamRdgrahaH' 5/3/28 se 'al' pratyaya hone para, dhAtu akArAnta hone se 'Ni' para meM hone para vRddhi ke abhAva meM 'vipaNa:' zabda vikraya artha meM hotA hai / vyavahAra aura stuti arthavAle 'paNi' dhAtu se 'al' nahIM hogA kintu 'ghaJ' hogA aura 'vipANa' zabda hogA // 2 // 'vittaN dAne / vittayati, vittita: vittayitvA' / akArAnta vidhAna ke sAmarthya se 'a' luk ke abhAva meM, upAntya nahIM hai, aise antya 'a' kI ' ato JNiti" sUtra se vRddhi hogI aura 'pu' kA Agama hone para 'vittApayati' rUpa hogA // 3 // 'kartta kartra katthan zaithilye' / 'karttApayati, karttayati' rUpa hote haiM, jabaki 'acakarttat ityAdi rUpa 'kRtait, kRtaip veSTane, ' ina donoM dhAtuoM se bhI svArtha meM 'Ni' pratyaya karane para hote haiM 11811 'kartraNa' dhAtu ke 'kartrayati, kartrApayati, kartritam' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM // 5 // 'katthaN' dhAtu kA 'katthApayati' / jabaki 'katthayati' rUpa ' katthi zlAghAyAm' dhAtu svArtha meM 'Ni' pratyaya karane para hotA hai | ||6 // 'zlathaN zaraN daurbalye' 'zlathayati' / adyatanI meM 'Ga' pratyaya hokara 'azazlathat ' rUpa hotA hai / yaha dhAtu bhI akArAnta hone se vRddhi aura sanvadbhAva nahIM hotA hai // 7 // 'zaraNa-zaraprati' / yahA~ bhI dhAtu akArAnta hone se vRddhi nahIM hotI hai aura 'Ga' pratyaya hone para sanvadbhAva bhI nahIM hotA hai / ataH 'azazarat' rUpa hotA hai | // 8 // svo. nyA. 'piMzati, piMzyate' / yahA~ 'piMzat avayave' dhAtu ke, 'za' vikaraNa pratyaya hone para, mucAdi gaNa meM hone se, na kA Agama hokara 'piMzati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / kintu karmaNi prayoga meM kya pratyaya hone para 'no vyaJjanasyA- ' 4/2/45 se 'na' kA lopa hone para 'pizyate' rUpa hotA hai, jabaki yahI pizu dhAtu kA 'piMzyate' rUpa hotA hai kyoMki vaha udit hone se 'na' kA lopa nahIM hotA hai, isI bAta ko batAne ke lie vRtti do rUpa diye haiM / nyA. si. -: 'kraza' dhAtu ke sthAna para zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'kuza' dhAtu kA svIkAra kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki 'dhAtupArAyaNa' meM 'kuza' pATha diyA hai / hai / 1. yahA~ zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'aco JNiti' ( pA.sU.7/2/111) sUtra dekara 'vittApayati iti kecit ' kahA 2. yahA~ zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'karttayati' aura 'acakarttat' rUpoM ko 'kRtait chedane' tathA 'kRtaip veSTane' dhAtu ke mAneM haiN|

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380 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) 'chadaNa-saMvaraNe' / 'chadayati' akArAnta hone se vRddhi nahIM hotI hai / 'zaMkA'-: 'chad' dhAtu ghaTAdi hone se hI 'Ni' para meM Ane para 'ghaTAde:'-4/2/24 se husva hokara 'chadayati' rUpa siddha ho hI jAtA hai, to usakA akArAnta dhAtuo meM pATha karane kA kyA prayojana? kyA phala ? samAdhAna :-ApakI yaha zaMkA ucita hai kyoMki ghaTAdi gaNa meM Aye hue 'chad' dhAtu se jaba preraka artha kI vivakSA ki jAtI hai taba 'Ni' pratyaya hotA hai| jabaki yahI 'chadaN' dhAtu curAdi hone se svArtha meM bhI Ni ( Nic ) pratyaya hotA hai 'zaMkA' :-yahI nirdeza 'bahulam' prakAraka hai, ataH usI prakAra se/yukti se sabhI dhAtu se svArtha meM 'Nic' pratyaya karane kI anujJA dI gayI hai / samAdhAna-: 'Urjana' artha meM hI 'chad' dhAtu ghaTAditva prApta karatA hai| jabaki yahA~ akArAnta dhAtuoM meM 'chad' dhAtu kA pATha karane se 'saMvaraNa' ityAdi anya artha meM bhI usakA 'chadayati' rUpa siddha hotA hai| akArAnta na ho aise 'chad' dhAtu kA Urjana artha ho to 'chadayati' rUpa hotA hai kintu anya arthavAle 'chad' dhAtu kA to 'chAdayati' rUpa hI siddha ho sakatA hai aura akArAnta 'chad' dhAtu kA Ga paraka 'Ni' pratyaya para meM hone para vaha 'samAnalopi' hone se sanvadbhAva kA abhAva hokara 'acacchadat' rUpa siddha hotA hai, jabaki anakArAnta 'chad' dhAtu 'samAnalopi' na hone se, sanvadbhAva hokara 'acicchadat' rUpa hotA hai // 9 // svo. nyA.-: aba jina dhAtuoM kA AcAryazrI ne pATha kiyA hai, una dhAtuoM kA anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne anya prakAra se pATha kiyA ho yA anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne atirikta dhAtu jo batAye haiM arthAt AcAryazrI ne svayaM jinakA pATha nahIM kiyA hai, unhIM dhAtuoM ke bAre meM batAyA jAtA hai / udA. 'kheDaN', AcAryazrI ne svayaM 'kheTaN bhakSaNe' pATha kiyA hai, usake sthAna para devanandI ne 'kheDaN bhakSaNe' pATha kiyA hai| 'paNaN vikraye'-isa dhAtu ko kucheka vaiyAkaraNa atirikta mAnate haiM / 'vittaNa dAne'-'vyayaN vittamutsarge' artha meM 'vitta' dhAtu hai, aisA kucheka mAnate haiM / jabaki 'kavikalpadruma' ityAdi graMtha meM isa dhAtu kA dAna artha batAyA gayA hai| ataH yahA~ bhI dAna artha batAyA hai| 'kaJaN zaithilye' dhAtu ko dUsare vaiyAkaraNa 'kartaNa' kahate haiM, jabaki candra 'karjaN' pATha karate haiM aura devanandI usake sthAna para 'katthaN' pATha karate haiM / "labhaN preraNe', akArAnta hone se vRddhi nahIM hotI hai ataH 'labhayati' rUpa hogaa| 'kta' pratyaya hone para 'labhitam' / 'Nivetti-'5/3/111 se 'ana' pratyaya hokara 'vilabhanA' zabda hotA hai // 10 // 'zrapaNa pAke' akArAnta hone se vRddhi ke abhAva meM 'zrapayati' rUpa hotA hai / 'samAnalopi' hone se sanvadbhAva ke abhAva meM adyatanI meM 'azazrapat' / 'kta' pratyaya hokara nipAtana se 'zRtaM, haviH' yA kSIraM artha meM hogA // 11 //

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caturtha vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 141 ) 381 'khodaN kSepe, khodayati' / 'Ga' pratyaya hone para hrasva ke abhAva meM adyatanI meM 'acakhodat' rUpa hotA hai // 12 // 'stana, dhvana, svana, syama zabde' / ye dhAtu anekasvarayukta hone se 'bhRza' aura AbhIkSNya artha meM bhI ina dhAtuoM se 'yaG' nahIM hotA hai / parokSA meM 'Am' pratyaya hone para 'stanAJcakAra, dhvanAJcakAra, svanAJcakAra, syamAJcakAra' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / zIlAdi artha meM 'nindahiMsa'-5/2/68 sUtra se 'Naka' pratyaya hokara 'svanaka, syamakaH' ityAdi zabda hote haiN| jabaki 'stanakaH, dhvanaka: ' zabda aura 'stanayati, atastanat, dhvanayati, adadhvanad' ityAdi rUpa, inhIM do dhAtuoM kI taraha curAdi akArAnta 'stanaN garje, dhvanaN zabde' dhAtu se bhI hote haiM / 'svana' dhAtu avataMsana- bA~dhanA, gU~thanA artha meM hI ghaTAditva prApta karatA hai, ataH akArAnta dhAtuoM meM usakA pATha karane se, anya arthavAle 'svana' dhAtu se bhI 'svanayati' rUpa siddha hotA hai aura akArAnta hone se, samAnalopitva ke kAraNa sanvadbhAva nahIM hotA hai, ataH adyatanI meM 'asasvanat' rUpa hotA hai aura 'syam' dhAtu kA 'asasyamat' rUpa hotA hai / jabaki anakArAnta ye do dhAtu 'samAnalopi' na hone se sanvadbhAva hokara 'asisvanat' aura 'asisyamat' rUpa hote haiM / 'syamayati' ityAdi meM to akArAnta na hone para bhI usake svara kA amo'kamyamicamaH 4 / 2 / 26 se hrasva hotA hI hai / / / 13-14-15-16 // I 'Sama, STama vaiklavye' / ye do dhAtu Sopadeza haiM / isI grantha arthAt siddhahema meM 'Sama 1, STama 2, SekR 3, varti4 SAdhi 5, , Santi 6, Sunbhi 7, Suri 8, pili 9, SAntvi 10, SNusi 11, SNAsi 12, STRhi 13, STRhi 14, STRkSi 15, ye pandraha dhAtu sakArAdi hone para bhI dhAtupATha meM unakA ghopadeza nirdeza kiyA hai / aura 'SaH so'SThyaiSThava - 2/3/98 se unake 'Sa' kA 'sa' hotA hai / isa prakAra yahI 'sa' kRta mAnA jAtA hai, ataH 'nAmyantasthA' - 2/3/15 se 'Sa' hotA hai aura yahI Sopadeza kA phala hai | udA. sanparaka 'Ni' pratyaya para meM hone para 'siSamayiSati' aura 'tiSTamayiSati' ityAdi rUpa meM 'sa' kA 'Sa' hotA hai / Ga paraka 'Ni' para meM hone para, akArAnta hone se, sanvadbhAva ke abhAva meM 'asasamat, atastamat' rUpa hote haiM / ye dhAtu aneka svarayukta hone se 'yaG' nahIM hotA hai / parokSA meM 'Am' hone para 'samAJcakAra, stamAJcakAra' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / zIlAdi artha meM 'nindahiMsa'-5/2/68 sUtra se 'Naka' pratyaya hone para 'samakaH, stamakaH ' zabda hote haiM | // 17- 18 // svo.nyA. :-'zrathaN daurbalye' dhAtu meM hI RphiDAditva se latva ko nahIM mAnanevAle, kucheka zlathaN svarUpa pRthak dhAtu hI mAnate haiM / 'zAraN daurbalye' dhAtu kA 'zaraN' svarUpa pATha nandI arthAt devanandI karate haiN| 'chadaN' dhAtu kucheka kI mAnyatAnusAra akArAnta hai / 'lAbhaN preraNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para 'labhaN' pATha 'sabhyAH' karate haiM / 'zrapaN' dhAtu ko kucheka atirikta dhAtu mAnate haiN| I 'khoTaN kSepe' dhAtu ko hI anya vaiyAkaraNa dakArAnta mAnate haiM / nyA. si. 'khodaN' ke sthAna para zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'khAdaN' pATha diyA hai aura udAharaNa bhI usake diye haiM / jabaki 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI nayI mudrita prati meM 'khodaN' hai aura purAnI mudrita prati meM 'khAdaN' pATha hai, jo azuddha hai| 1

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 'lalaN IpsAyAm, lalayati / ' adyatanI meM 'Ga' pratyaya hone para 'alalalat' / jabaki 'laliN IpsAyAm' dhAtu akArAnta nahIM hai aura AtmanepadI hone se 'lAlayate, alIlalata' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 19 // 382 'malaN dhAraNe' / vRddhi na hone se 'malayati' / pari upasarga ke sAtha isa dhAtu se 'yuvarNa'5/3/28 se 'al' pratyaya hokara 'parimala' zabda hotA hai // 20 // svo. nyA. : 'stana, dhvana, svana, syama, Sama, STama' ye chaH dhAtu bhvAdi gaNa meM vyaJjanAnta batAye hai ve chaH dhAtu yahA~ akArAnta haiM, aisA 'sabhya' kahate haiM / 'mali dhAraNe' dhAtu ko kucheka vaiyAkaraNa curAdi gaNa meM akArAnta mAnate haiM / 1'valpula, valpUla, palpula, pappUla, vatpUlaN lavanapavanayo:' / ina pA~ca dhAtuoM meM bIca meM auSThya vyaJjana 'pa' AyA huA hai / 'valpulayati, valpUlayati, palpulayati, pappUlayati, vatpUlayati kSetraM sabusadhAnyaM vA / ' ( vaha kSetra ko pavitra karatA hai yA vaha ghAsa sahita dhAnya lunatA hai / ) yathAsaMbhava sanvadbhAva aura hrasva na hone se 'avavalpulat, avavalpUlat, apapalpulat, apapalpUlat avavatpUlat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / / 21-22-23-24-25 // 'kumAlaN krIDAyAm / kumaalyti'| 'Ga' hone para hrasva na hokara 'acukumAlat' / 'su' se yukta isa dhAtu se 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'sukumAla' zabda hotA hai | ||26|| 'pazaN anupasargo vA' / isa dhAtu kA artha batAyA gayA nahIM hai, kintu kucheka vaiyAkaraNa use 'gatyarthaka' mAnate haiM / yaha vikalpa se akArAnta mAnA gayA hai, ataH jaba use akArAnta mAneMge taba vRddhi nahIM hogI aura sanvadbhAva bhI nahIM hogA ataH 'pazayati, apapazat' ityAdi rUpa hoMge aura jaba akArAnta nahIM mAneMge taba vRddhi aura sanvadbhAva hogA, ataH 'pAzayati, apIpazat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / yaha dhAtu upasargarahita hI honA cAhie / yadi upasarga sahita ho to 'pazI' svarUpa ubhayapadI dhAtu mAnakara 'prapazate, prapazati' rUpa hote haiM | ||27|| 'zazaN kAntau' / akArAnta hone se vRddhi nahIM hogI, ataH 'zazayati' rUpa hogA / 'anaT' hone para 'zazanam' / Nyanta hone se 'yuvarNa' - 5 / 3 / 28 se 'al' pratyaya hokara 'zaza:' zabda hogA // 28 // 'ansaN vibhAjane' / 'vyaMsayati' / 'mayUravyaMsaka', samAsa meM nipAtana hai| 'san' pratyaya hone para 'svarAdeH ' - 4 / 1/4 se 'si' kA dvitva hone para 'vyaMsisayiSati' rUpa hotA hai / 'ziDhe'nusvAraH ' 1 / 3 / 40 sUtra meM 'anu' kA adhikAra hone se dvitva karate samaya 'na' hI mAnA jAtA hai, ataH 'na badanaM' - 4/1/5 se 'na' kA dvitva nahIM hotA hai| usI taraha Ga hone para 'vyAMsisat' rUpa hogA / yadi anusvAra pahale hI ho jAtA to anusvAra sahita 'si' kA 'svarAdeH ' -4/1/4 se dvitva nyA. si-: ra, la meM abheda mAnakara 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'sukumAra' zabda hotA hai / 'vyaMsaka' arthAt dhUrtta / 1. yahA~ upara batAye gaye dhAtuoM meM 'valpula, valpUla, palpUla, pappUla, vatpUla,' dhAtu haiN| ye saba dhAtu anya vaiyAkaraNoM kI mAnyatAnusAra haiM / jabaki AcAryazrI ke apane dhAtupATha meM 'palpUlaN' pATha hai / draSTavya dhAtu naM. 1916 /

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 383 hogA, bAda meM 'aghoSe ziTaH' 4/1/45 se pUrva ke anusvAra kA lopa hone para 'vyasiMsayiSati' aura 'vyAsiMsat' aise aniSTa rUpa hote / isa dhAtu ke akArAntatva ke sAmarthya se aMtya 'a' kA lopa nahIM hogA taba vRddhi hokara 'pu' kA Agama hone para vyaMsApayati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 29 // 'gahaNa gahane / gahayati, gahApayati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM // 30 // do dhAtu AkArAnta haiM / 1. 'gAk janmastutyoH' / yaha dhAtu hvAdi arthAt juhotyAdi hai / ataH 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hone para 'jagAti' rUpa hotA hai // 31 // 2. 'mAGc mAne / mAyate' / yahA~ divAdi kA 'zya' pratyaya zit hone se 'IrvyaJjane'yapi' 4/ 3/97 se Itva nahIM hotA hai kyoMki isI sUtra meM 'aziti' kahA hai / 'nemAdA'-2/3/79 se upasargasvarUpa 'ni' kA 'Ni' hone para 'praNimAyate' rUpa hogA / // 32 // / cAra dhAtu ikArAtta hai / 2. 'kik jJAne' / yaha dhAtu hyAdi (juhotyAdi) hai, ataH 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hone para 'ciketi' rUpa hogA // 33 // 2. kSI jiriTa hiMsAyAm / udA. 'padmAni no cet kimayaM kSiNoti' / kSiNUyI hiMsAyAm, dhAtu meM guNa hone se 'kSeNoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 34 // 3. jiriT kA 'jiriNoti' rUpa hotA hai / // 35 // 4. 'cigaNa caye'2 / yaha dhAtu curAdi bhI hai aura ghaTAdi bhI hai, ataH "Nic' hone para 'ci' kA 'cai' hokara 'cAya' hogA aura ghaTAdi hone se 'ghaTAdeIsvo-4/2/24 se hrasva hone para 'cayayati' rUpa hogA / anya vaiyAkaraNa 'cisphurornavA' 4/2/12 se isa dhAtu ke svara kA Atva karate nahIM haiN| 'ji' yA 'Nam paraka Ni' pratyaya hone para vikalpa se dIrgha hokara 'acAyi, acayi, cAyaMcAyaM, cayaMcayaM' rUpa hote haiM / 'Nic' anitya hone se usake abhAva meM 'cayati cayate' rUpa bhI hote haiN| jabaki curAdi aura ghaTAdi donoM prakAra ke 'ci' dhAtu ko choDakara 'ciMgaT cayane' dhAtu ke 'cinute, cinoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / Ni pratyaya hone para 'cisphurornavA' 4/2/12 se 'A' vikalpa se hogA / ataH jaba'A' hogA taba 'cApayati' hogA aura 'A' nahIM hogA taba 'cAyayati' hogaa| 'ji' yA 'Nam paraka Ni' hone para 'acApi, cApaMcApaM, acAyi, cAyaMcAyaM' rUpa hoMge // 36 // nava dhAtu dIrgha IkArAnta haiM / 'dIdhIki dIptidevanayoH' / 'dIdhIte' / 'kti' pratyaya hone para nipAtana se 'didhItiH' zabda hotA hai / // 37 // nyA. si. 1. isa udAharaNa ke sthAna para zrIlAvaNyasUri nimnokta do udAharaNa dete haiM / yadi nAma jigISayApi te nipateyurvacaneSu vAdinaH / cirasaMgatamapyasaMzayaM kSiNuyurmAnamanarthasaMcayam // [ siddhasenIya caturtha dvAtriMzikA zloka-14] aura 'zastreNa rakSyaM yadazakyarakSaM, na tadyazaH zAstrabhRtAM kSiNoti / [ raghuvaMza. dvi. sa.] iti kAlidAsaH / 2. pANinIya paramparA meM 'vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta kaumudI' meM curAdi gaNa ke ghaTAdi-"cigaN' dhAtu ke svara kA vikalpa se 'A' karate haiM ataH 'capayati' aura 'cayayati' rUpa bhI hote haiN|

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384 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) svo. nyA. -: 'palpUlaN lavanapavanayo:' ( (dhAtu 1916) ke sthAna para kucheka 'valpula' pATha karate haiM. anya 'valpUla' pATha karate haiM to kucheka 'palpula' to anya koIka 'pappUla' pATha karate haiM, kucheka 'vatpula' pATha karate haiM / 'kumAraN krIDAyAm' dhAtu ko hI kucheka lakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'paSaN anupasargo' dhAtu, jo curAdi gaNa meM akArAnta haiM, vahI dhAtu yahA~ anya ke matAnusAra tAlavya zakArAnta aura akArAnta batAyA hai / 'zazaN' dhAtu atirikta dhAtu hai aura vaha 'sUryaprajJapti' Agama kI TIkA meM pAyA jAtA hai / 'aMzaN samAghAte' dhAtu ko hI candra vaiyAkaraNa dantya sakArAnta kahate haiM aura dhAtupArAyaNa meM 'samAghAta' kA artha 'vibhAjana' batAyA hai, ataH yahA~ sIdhe hI 'vibhAjana' artha de diyA hai / 'I, vevIki prajanakAntyasanakhAdanagatiSu' / 'prajana' arthAt prathamagarbhagrahaNa, asana arthAt pheMkanA (kSepa) athavA azana arthAt khAnA yA tRpta honA / 'Ite gau: ' [ gAya prathama garbhagrahaNa karatI hai / ] ||38|| vaise 'vevIte' ityAdi rUpa bhI hote haiM / // 39 // 'kSIMSaz hiMsAyAm', 'kSINAti, kSItaH, kSItavAn, kSIti:' / 'Sit' hone se 'Sito'G 5 / 3 /. 107 se 'aG' pratyaya hokara 'kSiyA' zabda hotA hai / yaha zabda 'kSiSa hiMsAyAm' dhAtu se bhI siddha ho sakatA hai | // 40 // 'vrIz varaNe, zrIMz bharaNe' / ye do dhAtu pvAdi haiM, ata: 'pvAderhrasvaH ' 4 / 2 / 105 hrasva hone para 'vriNAti, bhriNAti' rUpa hote haiM / apvAdi ke rUpa meM ina do dhAtu se 'vrINAti, zrINAti' rUpa bhI hote haiM / // 41-42 // 'lpIMz zleSaNe' / isa dhAtu meM oSThya vyaMjana upAntya meM AyA hai, aura vaha 'pvAdi' tathA 'lvAdi' donoM meM ginA jAtA hai / 'pvAdi' mAnane para hrasva hokara 'lpinAti' rUpa hotA hai / 'lvAdi' mAnane para 'RRlvAdereSAM to no'pra: ' 4 / 2 / 68 se 'kta, ktavatu' aura 'kti' ke 'ta' kA 'na' hone para 'lpInaH lpInavAn, lpIni: ' zabda banate haiM / anusvAra kI it saMjJA huI hone se 'lpetA, lpetum' zabda hote haiM / // 43 // 'lvIMz gatau' / yaha dhAtu pvAdi yA lvAdi nahIM hai, ataH hrasva na hone se 'lvInAti' rUpa hotA hai / 'kta, ktavatu, kti' ke 'ta' kA 'na' nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'lvItaH, lvItavAn lvIti: ' zabda hote haiM / pvAdi aura lvAdi ke bIca isa dhAtukA pATha kiyA hai, ataH kvacit 'lvInaH, lvInavAn, lvIni: ' bhI hote haiM / // 44 // 'jrIN vayohAnau' / yaha dhAtu yujAdi hai, ataH 'yujAdernavA' 3/4/18 se vikalpa se Nic hone para 'jrAyayati, jrayati' rUpa hote haiM / jN dhAtu ke 'jArayati, jarati' rUpa hote haiM / // 45 // svo. nyA.-: kucheka 'gahaN' dhAtu ko atirikta dhAtu mAnate haiN| 'gAk' dhAtu aura 'mAG' dhAtu ko bhI kucheka atirikta dhAtu mAnate haiM, vaise svAdi gaNa meM 'jiriT', curAdi meM ghaTAdi gaNa meM 'cintaM' tathA 'dIghI, I' aura 'vevI' dhAtu ko bhI kucheka vaiyAkaraNa atirikta mAnate haiM /

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 385 do dhAtu ukArAnta haiM / 'khuMG gatau, khavate' / parIkSA meM 'cukhuve' / anusvAra it hone se 'khotA, khotum' rUpa hote haiM / // 46 // svo. nyA.-: 'vIMz' aura 'zrIz' donoM dhAtu ko AcAryazrIhemacaMdrasUrijI ne 'kyAdi' meM 'apvAdi' mAne haiN| jabaki yahA~ dUsaroM kI mAnyatAnusAra 'pvAdi' kahe haiM / anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne 'lpIz' dhAtu ko "pvAdi-lvAdi bAhya' aura atirikta kahA hai| jabaki AcAryazrI ne 'lvI' dhAtu ko 'pvAdi' batAyA hai| 'jINa' dhAtu-yujAdi gaNa ke 'juNa vayohAnau' ke sthAna para nandI (devanandI) nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa ne batAyA hai / 'uG kuG' ityAdi dhAtu jaise gatyarthaka haiM, vaise 'la~G' dhAtu ko bhI kucheka gatyarthaka kahate haiM / nyA. si-: zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'lpIz' ke sthAna para 'plIz' pATha kiyA hai, kintu udAharaNa meM 'lpIz' pATha ko anusare haiM / nyAsa meM aura nyA. taraMga meM bhI 'lpIz' pATha hI hai, ataH usakA yahA~ svIkAra kiyA hai / 'dhuMgT kampane, dhunute' / udA. "padmAntarANi ca dunoti dhunoti pakSau" anusvAra it hone se, 'dhotA, dhotum' / udA. 'ArAdhayanti vidhivad vidhutAnyakRtyAH' / [kalyANamandira stotra zloka-34] 'dhUgT kampane' dhAtu ke 'dhUnoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'dhUgauditaH' 4/4/38 se yaha dhAtu 'veT' hone se 'dhotA, dhavitA' do rUpa hote haiM / 'kta' pratyaya hone para 'vidhUtaH' zabda hotA hai / // 47 // tIna dhAtu dIrgha akArAnta haiN| 'gUMgUt ca purISotsarge' / yahA~ dUsare dhAtu ke anta meM 'ca' anubaMdha rakhA hai, tathApi prathama dhAtu bhvAdi gaNa kA lenA aura vaha anusvAret hai / jabaki dUsarA dhAtu tudAdi hai| yahI bAta batAne ke lie 'ca' kA prayoga kiyA hai, ata eva anyatra kahIM bhI 'ca' kAra kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai / ataH jahA~ aneka dhAtuoM ke anta meM 'ka' ityAdi gaNasUcaka anubaMdha rakhe hoM vahA~ una saba dhAtuoM ko 'adAdi' ityAdi gaNa ke mAna lenA / _ 'gU, gavati' / anusvAra 'it' hone se 'iT' na hokara 'nyagauSIt' ityAdi rUpa hoMge / 'gUtvA' meM ktvA pratyaya hai / 'guMG zabde' dhAtu ke 'gavate' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / isa dhAtu kA adyatanI meM 'dhuD husvAlluganiTa:'-4/3/70 se 'sic' kA lopa hone para 'nyaguta' rUpa hotA hai aura 'ktvA' pratyaya hone para 'gutvA' zabda hotA hai / jabaki 'gotA, gotum, gotavyam' ityAdi zabda 'gUM' aura 'guMG' donoM dhAtu se hote haiM / // 48 // 'gUt', yaha dhAtu kuTAdi hai, ata: 'kuTAdeH'-4/3/17 se 'sic' Git hogA, ataH 'sici parasmai samAnasyAGiti' 4/3/44 se 'u' kI vRddhi nahIM hogI aura 'sic' ke Adi meM 'stAdyazito'4/4/32 se 'iT' hogA aura 'saH sijasterdisyoH ' 4/3/65 se 'di' pratyaya ke Adi meM 'It' hogA, bAda meM 'iTa Iti' 4/3/71 se 'sic' kA lopa hokara, 'dhAtorivarNo'-2/1/50 se 'U' kA 'u' Adeza hone para 'nyaguvIt' rUpa hogA / 'tRc' ityAdi pratyaya hone para 'Gittva' ke kAraNa guNa nahIM hogA, ataH 'guvitA, guvitum, guvitavyam' ityAdi zabda hoMge / kit 'ktvA' pratyaya hone para 'uvarNAt' 4/4/58 se 'iT' kA niSedha hone para 'gUtvA' zabda hotA hai / 'guMt purISotsarge' dhAtu 'kuTAdi' hai aura anusvAra kI 'it' saMjJA huI hai, ataH 'iT' nahIM hogA aura 'nyaguSIt' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'gutA, gutum, gutavyam, gutvA' ityAdi zabda bhI hote haiM / // 49 / / 29

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* nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 'dUT hiMsAyAm' dhAtu kA 'dUnoti' rUpa hotA hai / jabaki 'TuduMd upatApe' dhAtu kA 'dunoti' rUpa hotA hai / / / 50 // 386 svo. nyA. -: 'dhuMgT' svAdi gaNa meM atirikta kahA hai| 'guMG zabde' dhAtu ko hI kucheka dIrghAnta parasmaipada meM, purISotsarga artha meM kahate haiM / kuTAdi gaNa ke 'guMt' dhAtu ko hI kucheka dIrghAnta va seT kahate haiM ! dUT dhAtu ko kucheka svAdi gaNa meM atirikta mAnate haiM I Rdanta ATha dhAtu haiM / 'jUM abhibhave' / 'yamI jarati karmANi' / ( saMyamI karmoM kA parAbhava karatA hai / ) anusvAra kI 'it' saMjJA huI hai, ataH 'jartA, jartum' zabda hote haiM / zIlAdi artha meM 'vayaH zaktizIle 5/2/24 se 'zAna' pratyaya hone para 'jaramANa:' zabda kisI vyaktivizeSa kI saMjJA meM hotA hai / usase 'tasyApatyaM vRddhaM' artha meM 'gargAde: ' - 6/1/42 se 'yaJ' pratyaya karane para 'jAramANyaH' zabda banatA hai | // 51 // 'ghak kSaraNadIptyoH, sRk gatau, hak balAtkAre' / ye tInoM dhAtu hvAdi ( juhotyAdi) haiM, ata: 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hone para 'jagharti' // 52 // 'sasatti' // 53 // aura 'jahati' rUpa hote haiM / // 54 // 'spaMd pAlanaprItyo:' / isa dhAtu meM antya svara 'R' se pUrva oSThya vyaMjana AyA huA hai / 'spRNoti, paspAra' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / anusvAra kI it saMjJA huI hone se 'sparttA, sparttum' zabda hote haiM / // 55 // 'RT kRgz, hiMsAyAm' / ' RNoti' / 'RNUyI gatau' dhAtu meM svara kA guNa hone para 'aNute, arNoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 56 // 'kRgz' / yaha dhAtu lvAdi hai, ataH 'RlvAde: ' - 4 / 2 / 68 se 'kta' ityAdi ke 'ta' kA 'na' hone para 'kRNaH, kRNavAn, kRNi:' zabda hote haiN| jabaki 'kRgz' dhAtu ke 'kIrNaH, kIrNavAn, kIrNi: zabda hote haiM, kintu 'kRgz aura 'kRgz' donoM dhAtu ke 'kRNAti' ityAdi rUpa hI hote haiM // 57 // kA 'vRgz varaNe' / yaha dhAtu bhI lvAdi hai, ataH 'RlvAde: ' 4/2/68 se 'kta' ityAdi ke 'ta' 'na' karane para 'vRNaH, vRNavAn, vRNi: ' zabda hote haiN| jabaki 'vRgz' dhAtu ke 'R' kA 'oSThayA dur 4/4/117 se 'ur' karane para [ 'bhvAdernAmino' - 2/1/63 se u, dIrgha karane para ] 'vUrNa: varNavAn, varNi: ' zabda hote haiM / jabaki 'vRNAti' ityAdi rUpa donoM dhAtu 'vRgza' aura 'vRgz' se hote haiM / // 58 // dIrgha RkArAnta tIna dhAtu haiM / c bhakSaNagatyoH / 'cIrNA' zabda 'kta' pratyaya hone para banatA hai / 'acAri gavA', yahA~ adyatanI karmaNi prayoga hai / 'AcIrNaM tapaH ' isa dhAtu ke 'kta' aura ' ktavatu' pratyayAnta kA hI prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / anya pratyayAnta prayoga nahIM pAyA jAtA hai | // 59 // svo. nyA. -: 'jri abhibhave' dhAtu ko hI kucheka 'jUM' svarUpa RkArAnta kahate haiM / 'ghR. sR, ha' ko kucheka atirikta mAnate haiN| 'spraMT pAlane' dhAtu 'smRT pAlane' dhAtu meM hI 'ma' kA 'pa' karane se hotA hai, aisA kisIkA kahanA hai| 'R' dhAtu ko svAdi gaNa meM atirikta kahate haiM aura 'kRgz' dhAtu, 'phagz'

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 387 dhAtu ko husvAnta karane se hI hotA hai, aisA kucheka kahate haiM / 'radAdamUrcchamadaH'-4/2/69 sUtra kI vRtti. meM 'ca' dhAtu ko 'carati' ke samAnArthaka batAyA hai, ataH yahA~ 'bhakSaNa' aura 'gati' artha batAyA hai / 'ktaktavatu' pratyayAnta ke viSaya meM 'cIrNam' svarUpa 'kta' pratyayAnta kA udAharaNa batAyA hai| nyA. si. : zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'kuMgz' pATha kiyA hai| 'paka pAlanapUraNayoH' / yaha dhAtu hvAdi (juhotyAdi) hai / ataH vartamAnA anyadarthaka dvivacana kA 'tas' pratyaya hone para havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hogA, pUrva 'pU' ke 'R' kA 'pRbhRmAhAGAmiH' 4/1/58 se 'i' hone para aura dvitIya 'pR' ke 'R' kA 'oSThyAdur' 4/4/117 se 'ura' hokara usa ke 'u' kA 'bhvAdernAmino'-2/1/63 se dIrgha hone para 'pipUrtaH' rUpa hogA / 'anti' pratyaya hone para 'pipurati' rUpa hotA hai / saptamI (vidhyartha) kA 'yAt' pratyaya hone para 'pipUryAt' rUpa hotA hai, jabaki 'piparti rUpa 'pak' ke sAtha sAtha 'k' dhAtu kA bhI hotA hai / // 60 // _ 'haGca bhaye,' isa dhAtu kA kartari prayoga 'dIryate' hotA hai| karmakartari, bhAveprayoga aura karmaNi prayoga meM bhI 'dIryate' rUpa hotA hai aura 'dR bhaye' dhAtu kA bhI aisA rUpa hotA hai / // 61 // o antavAlA 'jyoG upanayana-niyama-vratAdezeSu' dhAtu hai / upanayanamauJjIbandha, yajJopavIta denA / niyama arthAt saMyama / vratAdeza arthAt saMskArAdeza / 'kta' pratyaya hone para 'jItaH', yahA~ 'jyA vyadhaH kGiti' 4/1/81 se yvat hogA / anya vaiyAkaraNa 'vyaJjanAntasyAto'khyAdhyaH' 4/2/71 se prApta 'ta' kA 'na' nahIM icchate haiM, aura iT bhI nahIM hotA hai kyoMki AgamazAstra anitya hai / // 62 // ka antavAle pA~ca dhAtu haiM / 'daku kRcchrajIvane' / 'AG' se yukta isa dhAtu se 'hi' pratyaya hone para, dhAtu udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hogA aura [ hi kA lopa hone para] 'AdaGka' rUpa hogA aura 'AdaGka' aisA tyAdyantapratirUpaka avyaya bhI hai| // 63 // 'tikRG, TikRG kRG gatau' / 'Ga' paraka 'Ni' hone para, dhAtu Rdit' hone se upAntyasyA'4/2/35 se hrasva nahIM hogA, ataH 'atitekat' rUpa hogA // 64 // TikRGa' kA 'aTiTekat' rUpa hogA / Rdit na ho aise 'tiki, Tiki' dhAtu ke anukrama se 'atItikat, aTITikat' rUpa hote haiM / jabaki 'tekate, Tekate' ityAdi rUpa 'Rdit' aura 'anRdit' donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / // 65 // svo. nyA.-: siddhahema ke 'pRk' dhAtu ko kucheka dIrgha RkArAnta aura seT mAnate haiM / 'dR bhaye' dhAtu ko hI kucheka divAdi mAnate haiM / 'dIkSi mauNDyejyopanayanAdau' aise prAcIna/bRhat/pATha kA kucheka do bhAga karate haiM aura eka ukAra atirikta kahate haiM / unakI mAnyatAnusAra 'dIkSi mauNDaye' aisA eka dhAtu aura 'jyo upanayanAdau aisA dUsarA dhAtu hai / 'jyoG meM G Atmanepada batAne ke lie hai| siddhahema ke 'taku kRcchrajIvane' dhAtu ke sthAna para anya 'daku' dhAtu kahate haiM / siddhahema meM jo 'tikITikI gatyacau~ bhvAdi AtmanepadI batAye haiM, use hI kucheka 'Rdit' kahate haiM / ___'kR' kA 'asiSekat' rUpa hotA hai| 'k' dhAtu Sopadeza hai, ata: 'SaH so'-2/3/98

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388 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) se 'Sa' kA 'sa' huA hone se vaha kRta kahA jAtA hai / ataH 'nAmyantasthA' - 2 / 3 / 15 se 'sa' kA 'Sa' hogA / aise san paraka Ni hone para 'siSekayiSati' meM bhI 'sa' kA 'Sa' hogaa| preraka na ho aise arthAt kevala 'sek' dhAtu se 'san' hone para, 'Sa' hone kI prApti hai kintu 'NistorevAsvadasvidasahaH SaNi' 2/3/37 se niyama hone se 'sisekiSate' meM 'sa' kA 'Sa' nahIM hogA / yadi dhAtu Sopadeza na ho to, 'sa' akRta hone se Satva kI prApti kA hI abhAva hone se 'asisekat, sisekayiSati' rUpa hI hotA hai / 'sekate' ityAdi rUpa Sopadeza aura aSopadeza, donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / // 66 // 'cikkaN vyathane' / 'cikkayati' / uNAdi kA 'aNa' pratyaya hone para 'cikkaNaH ' zabda hotA hai aura 'asa' pratyaya hone para 'cikkasaH ' zabda 'yavakSodaH' (java kA ATA) artha meM hotA hai | // 67 // kha antavAle tIna dhAtu haiM / 'cakhu gatau' dhAtu udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'caGkhati' / 'kit' pratyaya hone para 'na' lopa nahIM hogA, ata: 'caGkhyate, caGkhita:' / 'caGkhA' zabda meM 'kTo guro:'-5/3/106 se 'a' hotA hai | // 68 // 'khakkha hasane' / 'khakkhati, khakkhitaH ' / 'khakkhA' zabda meM bhI 'kteTo guro:'-5/3/106 se 'a' pratyaya hotA hai | // 69 // 'likhat akSaravinyAse' / yaha dhAtu kuTAdi hai, ataH 'tRj' ityAdi pratyaya hone para ' Gittva' ke kAraNa guNa nahIM hogA / ataH 'likhitA, likhitum, likhanIyam' hogaa| jabaki kuTAdi se bhinna 'likha' dhAtu ke 'lekhitA, lekhitum, lekhanIyam' ityAdi zabda hote haiM / 'likhati' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / kucheka vaiyAkaraNa 'kaDa, sphara, sphala' dhAtuoM ko bhI 'kuTAdi' mAnate haiM, ata: unake upAntya 'a' kI vRddhi nahIM hotI hai / udA. 'kaDakaH, spharakaH, sphalakaH' ityAdi / ye dhAtu yahA~ nahIM batAye gaye haiM, kyoMki 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'kaDa' ityAdi zabda hote haiM, unase svArtha meM 'ka' pratyaya karake 'kaDakaH' ityAdi zabdoM kI siddhi ho sakatI hai | // 70 // antavAle pAMca dhAtu haiM / 'gharagha hasane', ghagghati, ghagghita:' / 'ghagghA' zabda meM 'kteTo guro:'5/3/106 se 'a' pratyaya hotA hai / / 71 // 'dagha, sagha, tigha, caSaghaT hiMsAyAm' / 'daghnoti' / 'ghaJ' hone para 'dAghaH, nidAghaH' zabda hote 1119211 dhAtu ko hI kucheka udit kahate svo. nyA. -: 'sekRG' dhAtu ko hI kucheka Sopadeza mAnate haiM / siddhahema ke 'cukkaN vyathane' ke sthAna para kauzika nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa 'cikkaN' pATha dete haiM / 'cakha gatau' haiM / 'kakkha hasane' dhAtu ko hI kucheka 'khakkha' mAnate haiM / 'likhat' haiM / 'gagdha hasane' dhAtu ko hI kucheka 'ghaggha' ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| jabaki 'SaghaT' dhAtu ko kucheka aSopadeza mAnate haiM / dhAtu ko kucheka 'kuTAdi' mAnate

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 389 'saghaT'-san paraka 'Ni' hone para, yaha dhAtu Sopadeza na hone se, 'sa' akRta hai, ataH 'sisAghayiSati' meM 'Sa' nahIM hogA / aise Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para 'asIsaghat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiN| yadi dhAtu Sopadeza hotA to 'siSAghayiSati, asISaghat' ityAdi rUpa hote / jabaki 'sanoti' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke (Sopadeza aura aSopadeza) dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / // 73 // "tighaT' dhAtu ke 'tijoti, titegha' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 74 // 'caSaghaT' dhAtu ke 'caSaghnoti', parokSA meM 'Am' hone para 'caSaghAJcakAra' rUpa hotA hai / // 75 / / ATha dhAtu ca antavAle haiM / 'muci kalkane,' kalkana arthAt daMbha, zAThyaM, kvathana arthAt ubAlanA / 'mocate' / // 76 // 'acUg acug gatau' / vartamAnA-'acate, acati' / parokSA-'Ace, Aca' rUpa hote haiM / 'acitA, acitum' / Udit hone se 'ktvA' pratyaya ke Adi meM vikalpa se 'iT' hokara 'aktvA, acitvA' rUpa hoMge / jabaki 'aJcU gatau' dhAtu 'Udit' hone se 'veTa' hogA, ata: 'aGktvA , aJcitvA' aise do prakAra ke zabda hote haiM / // 77 // ___ 'acug' dhAtu udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para aJcati, aJcate' rUpa hote haiM / karmaNi kA 'kya' hone para 'na-lopa' na hone para 'aJcyate' rUpa hotA hai / 'kta' ke Adi meM 'iT' hone para 'udaJcitaH' / udA. 'kurvannudaJcite netre' / jabaki 'aJcUg' dhAtu 'Udit' hone se 'kta-ktavatu' hone para veTa hogA, ata: 'veTo'pataH' 4/4/62 se 'iT' niSedha hone para 'aJco'narcAyAm' 4/2/46 se 'na' kA lopa hone para 'udaktaH' zabda hotA hai / // 78 // 'TuyAg yaanycaayaam'| yaha dhAtu Tvit hone se 'Tvito'thuH 5/3/83 se 'athu' pratyaya hone para 'yAcathuH' zabda hotA hai / dhAtu Rdit hone se Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para upAntyasvara hrasva na hone para 'ayayAcat' rUpa hogaa| jabaki 'yAcate' ityAdi rUpa 'TuyAg' aura 'DuyAcUg" donoM dhAtu se siddha hote haiM / // 79 // 'vicUMkI pRthagbhAve' / yaha dhAtu hyAdi (juhotyAdi) hai / ataH havaH ziti 4/1/12 se dvitva hokara, vartamAnA anyadarthaka bahuvacana kA 'anti' pratyaya hone para 'vevicati' rUpa hotA hai / anya vaiyAkaraNa kI mAnyatAnusAra 'iSTivazAt' arthAt anya ko iSTa hone se 'nijAM zityet' 4/1/57 se pUrva kA 'e' hotA hai / jabaki 'vevekti' ityAdi rUpa 'vijaeNkI' aura 'vicUMkI', donoM dhAtu ke hote haiM / 'Nig' hone para 'vecayati' rUpa hotA hai / dhAtu Rdit hone se 'aG' pratyaya hokara 'avicat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiN| 'vivecana, vivekaH' ityAdi zabda 'vipI pRthagbhAve' dhAtu se bhI hote haiN| // 80 // svo. nyA.-: caMdra nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa 'maci kalkane' dhAtu ke sthAna para 'muci' dhAtu kahate haiN| 'aJca gatau' dhAtu ke sthAna para koI 'acUg gatau' kahate haiM, to anya 'acug' kahate haiM / Dvit 'DuyAcaMga yAJcAyAm' ke sthAna para kucheka khit 'TuyAg' dhAtu kahate haiM / "vijUMkI pRthagbhAve' dhAtu ko hI kucheka (sabhya) cakArAnta mAnate haiM /

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390 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) nyA. si.-1. yahA~ 'nyAyasaMgraha' kI mudrita prati meM 'TuyAcUg' pATha diyA hai kintu vaha ucita nahIM hai| zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'DuyAcaga' pATha diyA hai aura isa nyAya ke nyAsa meM bhI 'DyAcaga' pATha diyA hai, 'TuyAcUg' se bhinna hone se sahI hai| 'carcat paribhASaNe, carcati' / 'nAmni puMsi ca' 5/3/121 se 'Naka' pratyaya hokara [ 'Apa' hone para] 'carcikA' zabda hotA hai / 'zatR' pratyaya hone para 'carcatI carcantI strI kule vA' / yahA~ 'avarNAdazno'nto vA'turIGayoH' 2/1/115 se vikalpa se 'at' kA 'ant' Adeza hotA hai| // 81 // svo. nyA.-: 'jharcat paribhASaNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para kucheka 'carcat' pATha karate haiN| _ 'khacaz bhUtaprAdurbhAve' / 'bhUtaprAdurbhAva' arthAt atikrAnta kI puna: utpatti / tavargasya'-1/ 3/60 se 'znA' pratyaya ke 'na' kA 'a' hone para 'khacyAti' rUpa hotA hai / paMcamI (AjJArtha) yuSmadarthaka ekavacana kA 'hi' pratyaya hone para 'znA' sahita 'hi' kA 'Ana' Adeza hokara 'khacAna' rUpa hotA hai, [seTa hone se ] 'khacitA, khacitum' ityAdi zabda hote haiM / // 82 // 'gurcaNa niketane' / 'bhvAdernAmino'-2/1/63 se 'u' dIrgha hokara gUrcayati' hotA hai| // 83 // cha antavAlA 'picchat bAdhane' dhAtu hai / 'picchati, pipiccha, picchitA, picchitum' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / 'zatR' pratyaya hone para 'picchantI, picchatI strI kule vA' hotA hai / 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'picchA AcAmaH' zabda hotA hai / // 84 // ja antavAle sAta dhAtu haiM / 'luju hiMsAbaladAnaniketaneSu' / yaha dhAtu 'udit' hone se luJjati' rUpa hotA hai / 'kya' hone para 'na' kA lopa na hokara 'lujyate' rUpa hotA hai / // 85 // ___thrija gatau, dhejti'| 'yaG' hone para 'dedhrijyate' / 'yaG lopa' hone para 'dedhrijIti, de'kti' rUpa hotA hai / 'dhRja' dhAtu ke 'dharjati, darIdhRjyate' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 86 // 'riji gatisthAnArjanorjaneSu' / 'UrjanaM' arthAt prANanam / 'iT' Agama hone se vaha 'iT' anitya hai, ataH usake abhAva meM 'udriktaH' zabda hotA hai / // 87 // ___ 'onajaiG vrIDe, najate' / 'odit' hone se 'kta' ke 'ta' kA 'na' hogA aura aidit hone se 'DIyazvyaiditaH-4/4/61 se 'ktaktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iTa' kA niSedha hone se 'nagnaH' / svArtha meM 'ka' pratyaya hokara strIliGga meM 'Apa' pratyaya hone para 'nagnikA'rajAH strI' / 'prAnajiSTa' yaha dhAtu Nopadeza nahIM hai, ataH 'adurupasargAnta'-2/3/77 se 'Na' nahIM hogA / // 48 // ___ 'mRjaiki saMparcane, mRkte' / yaha dhAtu 'aidit' hone se 'DIyazvyaiditaH'-4/4/61 se 'kta, ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iT' kA niSedha hone para 'mRktaH, mRktavAn' zabda hote haiM // 89 // vRjaipa varjane' / 'rudhAM svarAcchno naluk ca' 3/4/82 me 'zra ' pratyaya hone para 'anti' (vartamAnA, anyadarthaka bahuvacana ) pratyaya hokara vRJjanti' / parokSA meM 'vavarja' rUpa hogaa| 'ghaJ' pratyaya hone para 'ja' kA 'ga' hokara 'vargaH' zabda hotA hai / 'vRNakti' ityAdi rUpa to, 'vRcaip charaNe' dhAtu

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 391 se bhI hote haiM / // 10 // svo. nyA.-: 'khavaz' [heThazvat] dhAtu ko hI yahA~ cakArAnta mAnA hai aura 'heThaz' dhAtu 'bhUtaprAdurbhAva' artha meM hone se, yaha dhAtu bhI usI artha meM hai| 'gurcaN' dhAtu ko bhI kucheka atirikta mAnate haiN| dramila nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa ke mata se 'micchat utkle ze' dhAtu ke 'ma' kA 'pa' karane se 'picchat' dhAtu hotA hai| 'dhAtupArAyaNa' meM 'utkleza' kA artha bAdhA/pIDA diyA hai| __ 'taju pijuNa hiMsAbaladAnaniketaneSu' dhAtuoM kI taraha 'luju' dhAtu hai, aisA kucheka kahate haiM / 'dhRja gatau' dhAtu ko hI kucheka 'dhrija' aisA upAntya rivAlA mAnate haiM / kucheka aisA kahate haiM ki 'udriktaH' ityAdi zabdoM kI siddhi ke lie 'Rji gatisthAnAja!rjaneSu' dhAtu ko 'riji' svarUpa vyaMjanAdi kiyA hai| jabaki AcAryazrI ne to 'ricaMpI virecane' dhAtu se hI 'udriktaH' ityAdi zabdoM kI siddhi kI hai / 'olajaiG vrIDe' dhAtu ko hI caMdra nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa nakArAdi mAnate haiM / kauzika nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa 'pRcaiG samparcane' dhAtu ko hI 'mRjaiki' svarUpa meM mAnate haiM / vRcaip varaNe' dhAtu ko hI koIka jakArAnta mAnate haiM aura usakA 'varjana' artha karate haiM / 'marjaN zabde, marjayati' / 'kta' pratyaya hone para 'mArjitA rasAlA' (zrIkhaMDa) // 11 // Ta antavAle teraha dhAtu haiM / 'zauTa garve, zauTati' / parokSA meM 'zuzauTa' / Rdit hone se [ preraka adyatanI meM ] Ga paraka 'Ni' hone para 'upAntyasyA'-4/2/35 se hUsva nahIM hogA, ata: 'azuzauTat' rUpa hogA // 92 'yauTa sambandhe', sambandha arthAt zleSaH / 'yauTati, yuyauTa' / 'Rdit' hone se preraka adyatanI meM 'ayuyauTat' rUpa hogA / 'Naka' pratyaya hone para 'yauTakaM yugmam yauTitaH' / // 13 // 'maTa, preTra, mleTa, lauTa unmAde' / 'meTati, preTati, mleTati, lauTati' rUpa hote haiN| ye saba dhAtu 'Rdit' hone se preraka adyatanI meM 'amimeTat' // 94 // 'amineTat' // 15 // 'amimleTat' // 16 // 'alulauTat' // 17 // rUpa hote haiN| 'sphaTu vizaraNe' yaha dhAtu udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'sphaNTati vastram' / karmaNi kA kit pratyaya hone para 'na' kA lopa nahIM hogA, ata: 'sphaNTyate' / parokSA meM 'pasphaNTa' preraka meM 'Nig' yA svArtha meM 'Nic' hone para 'sphaNTayati' / // 98 // 'muTu pramardane', dhAtu 'udit' hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'muNTati' rUpa hotA hai / 'ac' hone para 'muNTaH' zabda hotA hai / udA. "te hunti kuNTamuNTA" 2 // 19 // 1. abhidhAna cintAmaNi-zloka naM. 403 / 2. 'hunti' zabda se lagatA hai ki yahI paMkti saMbhavataH prAkRta kAvya kI hai|

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392 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) ___ 'naTa nRttau', yaha dhAtu Nopadeza nahIM hai ata: ['adurupasargAnta'-2/3/77se ] Natva nahIM hogA ataH 'pranaTati' / 'Ni' hone para 'pranATayati' / yaha dhAtu 'nRti' artha meM hI ghaTAdi mAnA gayA hai ataH yahA~ usakA svara husva nahIM hotA hai / Nopadeza dhAtu ke 'praNaTati, praNATayati' ityAdi prayoga meM Natva hotA hai / // 10 // 'NaTi natau ca', 'ca kAra' se nRti artha bhI lenA / 'pAThe dhAtvAdeH'-2/3/97 se 'Na' kA 'na' hone para 'naTate' / yaha dhAtu Nopadeza hone se 'adurupasargAnta'-2/3/77 se Na hone para 'praNaTate' prayoga hotA hai| parIkSA meM 'neTe, neTAte, neTire' rUpa hote haiM / // 101 // svo. nyA.-: 'mArjaN zabde' dhAtu kI taraha 'marjaN' dhAtu bhI kucheka kahate haiN|' 'zaur3a garve' ityAdi cha: dhAtu, jo bhvAdi gaNa meM DakArAnta haiM, ve saba anya vaiyAkaraNa ke mata se TakArAnta haiM / 'sphaTa vizaraNe' aura 'muTa pramardane' dhAtu dUsare ke mata se udit haiM / 'NaTa nRttau' dhAtu ko hI kucheka Nopadeza nahIM mAnate haiM / 'dhAtupArAyaNa' meM kahA hai ki nandI ke mata se bhvAdi gaNa kA 'naTi' dhAtu AtmanepadI hai aura bhvAdi gaNa meM 'naTi' dhAtu do haiM , kaise? eka ghayadi gaNa paThita nati arthAt namana arthavAlA aura dUsarA aghaTAdi-nRtya arthavAlA hai, ataH donoM dhAtu se Atmanepada hotA haiM, aisA batAne ke lie yahA~ 'NaTi natau ca' kahA hai| ___ 'alTi, ati hiMsA'tikramayoH' / 'atikrama' arthAt ullaGghana / 'san' pratyaya hone para usake Adi meM 'iT' hogA aura 'Ti' kA dvitva hokara 'vyaJjanasyAnAdeH'-4/1/44 se 'Ta' kA lopa hokara 'atiTTiSate' rUpa hotA hai / 'd' upAntya meM hai aise 'aTTa' dhAtu se 'san' pratyaya hone para usake Adi meM 'iT' hokara, 'na badanaM'-4/1/5 se 'da' ke dvitva kA niSedha hone para aura 'svarAde' :-4/1/4 se dvitIya aMza 'Ti' kA dvitva hogA aura tavargasya'-1/3/60 se 'da' kA 'Da' karake 'aghoSe prathamo'ziTa:'1/3/50 se 'Da' kA 'Ta' karake 'aTTiTiSate' rUpa hotA hai| aTTate' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se hote haiM / isa prakAra hI 'ati' dhAtu ke rUpa bhI jJAtavya haiM / // 102 // ___ 'ati' dhAtu se 'san' pratyaya ke Adi meM 'iTa' hone para 'Tita' kA dvitva hogA aura 'vyaJjanasyAnAdeH'-4/1/44 se 'ta' kA lopa hone para aTiTTiSate' rUpa hotA hai / 'kvip' pratyaya hone para 'padasya'2/1/89 se saMyogAnta kA lopa hone para aT' rUpa hotA hai| jabaki 'aTTa' dhAtu kA kvip hone para 'at' rUpa hotA hai| yahA~ 'aTtu' dhAtu 'ta' antavAlA hai tathApi 'aTi' dhAtu ke sAtha samAnArthaka hone se 'Ta' antavAle dhAtu ke sAtha pATha kiyA hai / isa prakAra hI Age bhI jahA~ pATha meM vyatikrama pAyA jAtA ho, vahA~ yahI kAraNa samajha lenA / // 103 // 'miTuNa snehane' / 'snehana' arthAt sneha kA yoga / yaha dhAtu 'udit' hai, ataH 'na' kA Agama hone para 'miNTayati' rUpa hotA hai / // 104 // nyA. si.- 'naTa nRtau' dhAtu 'nRti' artha meM hI diyA hai, ata: yahA~ 'nRtAvevAsya ghaTAditvAdana na husva:' ke sthAna para 'natAvevAsya' honA cAhie / zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne 'natAvevAsya' pATha diyA hai|

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141 ) 393 'suTTaN anAdare,' Sopadeza dhAtu na hone se adyatanI meM Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para Satva nahIM hogA aura 'asusuTTat' rUpa hogaa| isa prakAra hI 'san' hone para 'susuTTayiSati' rUpa hogA / jabaki Sopadeza dhAtu ke 'asuSuTTat, suSuTTayiSati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'suTTayati' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se hote haiM / // 105 // ' zaTi zaliN zlAghAyAm' / 'zATayate' / ac hone para 'zATa: ' aura 'NivettyAsa ' - 5/3/111 se 'ana' pratyaya hone para 'zATanA' zabda hogA / // 106 // 'zAliN ' kA 'zAlayate' rUpa hotA hai // 107 // Tha antavAle do dhAtu haiM / 'ruThi pratIghAte', yaha dhAtu dyutAdi hai| 'roThate, ruruThe' ityAdi rUpa haiM / adyatana meM 'dyudbhyaH' 3/3/44 se vikalpa se Atmanepada hogA aura bAda meM 'zeSAt' - 3 / 3/ 100 se parasmaipada bhI hogA, ataH parasmaipada meM 'lRdidyutAdi' - 3/4 / 64 se 'aG' hone para 'aruThat' hogaa| jabaki Atmanepada meM 'aG-' na hokara [ sic hogA ] 'aroThiSTa' rUpa hogA / // 108 // svo. nyA. -: 'aTTi hiMsAtikramayo:' dhAtu jisake upAntya meM 'd' hai, usI dhAtu ko 'tU' upAntya aura TakArAnta svarUpa kucheka mAnate haiM / 'miduN snehane' dhAtu ko hI kucheka TakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'SuTTaN alpIbhAve' dhAtu ko hI kucha loga 'anAdara' artha meM aSopadaze mAnate haiM / 'zaThiN zlAghAyAm' dhAtu ko hI nandI vaiyAkaraNa 'zaT' ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM, jabaki kauzika nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa 'zal' dhAtu ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM / dyutAdi gaNa ke 'ruTi' pratIghAte dhAtu ko hI anya vaiyAkaraNa ThakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'vuThuN hiMsAyAm', yaha dhAtu 'udit' hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'vuNThayati' rUpa hotA hai | // 109 // nyA. si. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'vuThuN hiMsAyAm' ke sthAna para 'cuThuN hiMsAyAm' pATha dete haiM / antavAle daza dhAtu haiM / 'cuDDu alpIbhAve', 'udit' hai, ataH 'na' kA Agama hokara 'cuNDayati, cucuNDa' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'ac' hone para 'cuNDaH ' zabda hotA hai | // 110 // 'piDa saMghAtazabdayoH' / 'ac' hone para 'peDA' zabda vastrAdibhAjanavizeSa artha meM hotA hai / // 111 // 'kaDDa kArkazye' / 'kvip' hone para 'padasya' 2/1/89 se saMyogAnta kA lopa hone para 'virAme vA' 1/3/51 se 'D' kA 'T' vikalpa se hokara 'kaT, kaD' rUpa hoNge| jabaki 'kadD' dhAtu ke 'kad, kat' rUpa hote haiM aura 'kaDDati' ityAdi rUpa donoM dhAtu ke samAna hI hote haiM / // 112 // 'aDDa abhiyoge', 'kvip' hone para pUrva kI taraha 'aD, aT' zabda hote haiM / 'san' pratyaya hone para, usake Adi meM 'iT' hogA, bAda meM 'DDi' kA dvitva hone para 'aDiDDiSati' rUpa hogA / jabaki 'adD' dhAtu se 'kvip' hone para 'ad, at' rUpa hoMge aura 'san' hone para 'na badanaM' - 4 / 1/5 se 'da' ke dvitva kA niSedha hone se 'Di' kA hI dvitva hogA aura ' aDDiDiSati' rUpa hogA / 'aDDati' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / // 113 //

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394 nyAyasaMgraha ( hindI vivaraNa) 'cuDDa hAvakaraNe' / 'hAva' arthAt bhAva kA suucn| 'kvip' hone para pUrva kI taraha 'cuD, cutt'| jabaki 'cuD' dhAtu se 'kvip' hone para 'cud, cut' zabda hote haiM / 'cuDDuti' ityAdi rUpa donoM dhAtu ke samAna hI hote haiM / // 114 // 'tuDu toDane' / 'toDana' arthAt dAraNa (cornaa/phaaddnaa)| udA. 'kavirahasya' meM "tuDatyaMhaH sakalamacirAttoDayatyazriyaM" [ vaha sakala pApa kA nAza karatA hai aura jaldI se akalyANa kA bhI nAza karatA hai / ] // 115 // svo. nyA.-: 'vudhuN hiMsAyAm' dhAtu ko hI kucheka ThakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'cuTu alpIbhAve' dhAtu ko hI kucheka DakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'peDA' zabda kI siddhi ke lie kucheka 'piTa zabde' dhAtu ko hI DakArAnta mAnate haiN| jabaki AcAryazrI ne 'pelu gatau' dhAtu se 'ac' pratyaya karake 'pelA' zabda siddha kiyA hai aura 'Da' tathA 'la' kA aikya prasiddha hI hai / 'kaD kArkazye' ityAdi tIna dhAtu jo 'd' upAntyavAle haiM, use hI kucheka 'D' upAntyavAlA mAnate haiM / 'tur3a' dhAtu ko hI koI-koI saMyukta 'Da' antavAlA mAnate haiN| 'triviDA avyakte zabde' / 'kSveDati, akSveDIt' / 'jIt' hone se 'jJAnecchArcArthajIca chIlyAdibhyaH ktaH' 5/2/92 se vartamAnakAla artha meM 'kta' pratyaya hone para 'kSviTTaH' / yahA~ yaha dhAtu Adit hone se 'AditaH' 4/4/71 se 'iT' kA niSedha hogA / 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'kSveDaH' zabda viSa artha meM hogA / 'gehe eva kSveDati' artha meM 'grahAdibhyo Nin' 5/1/53 se 'Nin' pratyaya hogA aura 'pAtresamitetyAdayaH 3/1/91 se saptamI tatpurUSa samAsa hogA aura usase hI saptamI kA aluka hogA, ataH 'gehekSveDI' zabda hogA / 'bhidAdi' hone se 'aG' hokara 'kSveDA' zabda siMhanAda artha meM hotA hai / // 116 // 'jikSviDAG mocanasnehanayoH' / kSveDate' / yaha dhAtu dyutAdi hai, ataH adyatanI meM 'dhubhyaH '3/3/44 se vikalpa se Atmanepada hotA hai, ata: jaba Atmanepada nahIM hogA taba 'zeSAt'-3/3/ 100 se parasmaipada hogA, taba yaha dhAtu dyutAdi hone se [ Mdit dyutAdipuSyAdeH-3/4/64 se] aG' hone para 'akSviDat' rUpa hotA hai aura Atmanepada hogA taba 'aG' na hokara, 'sic' hogA aura 'akSveDiSTa' rUpa hogA / zIlAdi artha meM 'iGito'-5/2/44 se 'ana' pratyaya hone para 'prakSveDana:' zabda sarvalohamaya bANa artha meM hotA hai / // 117 // 'aDaT vyApatau', 'aDNoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 118 // svo. nyA.-: 'Nada jikSvidA avyakte zabde' dhAtu parasmaipadI hai| 'jizvidAG mocanasnehanayoH' dhAtu jo dyutAdi gaNa meM hai, vaha AtmanepadI hai, unhIM donoM dhAtuoM ko yahA~ Da antavAle batAye haiN| yahA~ pUrvapakSa svarUpa zaMkA karate hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki yahA~ lAghava ke lie dyutAdi gaNa ke DakArAnta viDi dhAtu ko 'git' karane se hI ubhayapada kI prApti ho sakatI hai, to 'triviDAg' pATha kyoM na kiyA ? aura yahA~ aisA bhI na kahanA cAhie ki Git kSviDa dhAtu ora aGit 'kSviDa' dhAtu meM arthabheda hai, ata: Upara batAyA usI prakAra se pATha karanA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki dhAtuoM kA anekArthatva pratIta hI hai, ataH yahA~ artha bheda avirodhI hai|

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 395 isI zaMkA kA pratyuttara dete hue zrIhemahaMsagaNi kahate haiM ki Apa kI bAta satya hai ki dhutAdi gaNa ke 'jikSviD' dhAtu ko ubhayapadI karane se eka hI pATha se 'prakSveDana' ko chor3akara sabhI prayogoM kI siddhi hotI hai kintu 'prakSveDana' zabda kI siddhi ke lie 'kSviD' dhAtu ko 'Git' karanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki binA 'Gittva', 'ana' pratyaya kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, ata: 'Git' pATha karane ke bAda 'kSveDati' ityAdi kI siddhi ke lie aGit 'kSviDa' dhAtu kA pATha bhI pAyA jAtA hai, ataH yahA~ nyAya meM donoM prakAra ke dhAtuoM kA bhinna bhinna pATha kiyA hai| 'olaDu, laduNa utkSepe,' yaha dhAtu 'udit' hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'laNDayati' rUpa hotA hai / 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' hone para 'seTktayoH' 4/3/84 se 'Ni' kA lopa hogA aura yaha dhAtu 'odit' hone se 'iT' kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI 'sUyatyAdyoditaH' 4/2/70 se 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' ke 'ta' kA 'na' hokara 'laNDinaH, laNDinavAn' zabda hote haiM / 'NivettyAsa'-5/3/111 se 'ana' pratyaya hone para laNDanA' zabda hotA hai| 'Nic' anitya hone se 'Nic' ke abhAva meM 'laNDati' rUpa hotA hai / Nic' aura 'iT' donoM anitya hone se una donoM ke abhAva meM dhAtu 'odit' hone se 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' ke 'ta' kA 'na' karane para aura 'tavargasya'-1/3/60 se 'na' kA 'Na' hokara laNDNaH laNiNavAn' zabda hote haiN| yadi 'o' ko anubandha na mAnA jAya kintu dhAtu kA eka aMza hI mAnA jAya to 'olaNDayati, olaNDati, olaNDitaH, olaNDitavAn, olaNDanA' ityAdi zabda hote haiN| // 119 // 'laduN' dhAtu 'udit' hone se 'avalandayati' rUpa hotA hai| // 120 // 'truDiN chedane' 'utroDayate tRNam' // 121 // Na antavAle cAra dhAtu haiN| 'phaNa gatau', yaha dhAtu 'ghaTAdi' na hone se 'Ni' hone para phANayati gAM' hotA hai / gati artha meM hone para bhI aghaTAdi hone se 'ghaTAdeH'-4/2/24 se hrasva nahIM hotA hai| 'dhAtu aneka arthavAle hote haiM' nyAya se niHsnehana artha meM bhI yaha dhAtu hai / udA. 'phANayati ghaTam' arthAt [ vaha ghaDA ko sneha (snigdhatA) rahita karatA hai|] phANyate dravatvAd iti phANitaM khaNDazcotaH [masakA (dahI) ke jala svarUpa aMza ko sukhA diyA / ] ghaTAdi 'phaNa' dhAtu ke 'ghaTAdeIsvaH'-4/2/24 se husva hone para 'phaNayati, phaNyate, phaNitaM' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / jabaki 'phaNati' ityAdi donoM prakAra ke 'phaN' dhAtu se siddha hote haiM / // 122 // 'aNic prANane', prANanaM arthAt jIvanam / 'aNyate, ANe' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 123 // 'ghRNU ghaNUyI dIptau', 'tikRtau nAmni' 5/1/71 se 'tik' pratyaya hogA, bAda meM ahanpaJcamasya kvi kGiti'-4/1/107 se svara dIrgha hone kI prApti hai kintu 'na tiki dIrghazca' 4/2/59 se niSedha hone se dIrgha nahIM hogA aura isI sUtra se hI 'yami rami nami gami hani mani vanati tanAdedhuTi kGiti' 4/2/55 se prApta 'Na' kA lopa bhI nahIM hogA aura 'tavargasya'-1/3/60 se 'ta' kA 'Ta' hone para 'ghRNTiH ' zabda hotA hai| na antavAle 'ghRn' dhAtu se 'tik' pratyaya hone para na tiki'-4/2/59 se dIrgha aura 'na luk'

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396 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa niSedha hone para, 'nAM ghuDvarge'- 1/3/39 se 'Na' ke apavAda meM 'na' kA 'na' hI rahegA aura ' ghRntiH ' zabda hogA / aura yaha dhAtu 'Udit' hone se 'ktvA' pratyaya ke Adi meM vikalpa se 'iT' hogA aura 'seT ktvA' pratyaya ke 'kittva' kA 'kvA' 4 / 3 / 29 sUtra se niSedha hone para 'gharNitvA' prayoga hogA / jaba 'iT' nahIM hogA taba 'yamiraminami' - 4 / 2 / 55 se aMtya vyaMjana kA lopa hone para 'ghRtvA' zabda hogA / svo. nyA. -: 'aDT' dhAtu atirikta / jyAdA hai / 'olaDuN' dhAtu ke 'o' kAra ko kucheka vaiyAkaraNa dhAtu ke aMza ke svarUpa meM nahIM mAnate / cAMdra paramparA meM 'oluDuN' kI taraha 'laduN' dhAtu bhI hai / 'truTi chedane' dhAtu ko anya kucheka vaiyAkaraNa DakArAnta mAnate haiN| 'phaNa' dhAtu siddhahema meM ghaTayadi gaNa meM hai, jabaki anya vaiyAkaraNa kI mAnyatAnusAra vaha aghaTAdi hai / 'anic' prANane dhAtu ko hI anya vaiyAkaraNa NakArAnta mAnate haiM / yaha dhAtu 'veT' hai, ata eva 'iT' nahIM hogA, ata: 'ghRta:, ghRtavAn' tathA 'kti' pratyaya hone para yamiraminami' - 4 / 2 / 55 se aMtya 'Na' kA lopa hokara 'ghRti:' zabda hotA hai / 'tiv' ityAdi pratyaya hone para 'gharNoti, gharNute' ityAdi rUpa nakArAnta aura NakArAnta ( donoM prakAra ke ) dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / // 124 // 'ghaNUyI' dhAtu ke 'ghaNute, ghaNoti, jaghANa, jaghaNe' rUpa hote haiN| yaha dhAtu 'Udit' hone se 'kvA' pratyaya ke Adi meM vikalpa se 'iT' hogA / jaba 'iT' hogA taba 'ghaNitvA' hogA aura 'iT' nahIM hogA taba yami rami nami- ' 4/2/55 se 'Na' kA lopa hone para 'ghatvA' aura 'veT' hone se hI 'kta' aura ' ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iT' na hone para 'ghataH, ghatavAn,' rUpa hoMge | // 125 // antavAle chaH dhAtu haiM / 'itu bandhane,' 'udit' hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para ' intati' rUpa hogaa| jabaki karmaNi prayoga meM 'kya' pratyaya hone para 'na-lopa' kA abhAva hone se 'intyate ' rUpa hotA hai / 'gurunAmyAde' - 3 / 4/48 sUtra se parokSA meM 'Am' hone para ' intAJcakAra' rUpa hotA hai / // 126 // 'jyuti bhAsane' / uNAdi kA 'is' pratyaya hone para 'jyoti: ' zabda hotA hai | // 127 // 'kitak jJAne' yaha dhAtu hvAdi ( juhotyAdi) hai, ataH 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hokara 'ciketti' rUpa hotA hai| 'na na ciketti' artha meM 'nakhAditva' se nipAtana hone para 'nAciketa: ' zabda kisI manuSya ke nAma ke svarUpa meM siddha hotA hai| jabaki 'ketati, ketanaM' ityAdi bhvAdi gaNa ke 'kita nivAse' dhAtu se siddha hote haiM / // 128 // svo. nyA. -: tanAdi gaNa meM jo 'ghRNUyI dIptau' dhAtu hai, vaha vastutaH nakArAnta hI hai kintu 'raSRvarNAnno' - 2/3/63 se 'na' kA 'Na' karake NakArAnta pATha kiyA hai, use koI-koI kucheka vaiyAkaraNa svAbhAvika NakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'ghRnti' rUpa kI siddhi meM 'Na' ke apavAda meM 'mnAM dhuDvarge' -1 / 3/39 se 'na' kA 'na' hI rahatA

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 397 hai / usakA artha yaha hai ki 'mnAM dhuGvarge'-1/3/39 sUtra meM 'mnAM' svarUpa bahuvacana vyApti ke lie hai, ataH jitane bhI 'ma' yA 'na' ho, unake sthAna para, unake bAda Aye hue vyaMjana ke varga kA hI aMtya vyaMjana arthAt anunAsika hI rakhA jAtA hai kintu anya koI varNa nahIM rakhA jAtA hai| ataH yahA~ pUrvasthita 'R' kAra ke kAraNa prApta 'na' kA 'Na' nahIM hotA hai kintu usI Natva kA bAdha karane ke lie 'na' kA bhI punaH 'na' kiyA jAtA hai / ziva nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa 'ghRNUyI dIptau' dhAtu ko hI upAntya akAravAlA aura NakArAnta mAnate haiN| 'patiMca aizvarye, patyate, adhipatiH, apatta', patsyate / ' dhAtupArAyaNa graMtha meM, yaha dhAtu anusvAra kI it saMjJAvAlA hone para bhI, usake 'apatiSTa, patiSyate' svarUpa 'iTa' sahita udAharaNa diye haiM, vaha AgamazAstra kI anityatA ke kAraNa ho aisA lagatA hai| 'vAvRtUci varaNe,' udA. bhaTTikAvya meM 'tato vAvRtyamAnA saa'| yaha dhAtu 'Udit' hai, ataH 'ktvA' hone para 'veT' mAnA jAtA hai, ataH 'vAvRttvA' aura 'vAvarttitvA' rUpa hote haiM / veTa hone se hI 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iT' nahIM hotA hai, ata: 'vAvRttaH, vAvRttavAn' prayoga hote haiM / nighaNTu koza meM kahA hai "vRtte tu vRttavAvRttau" // 130 // _ 'vartaNa gatau' yaha dhAtu Sopadeza hone se 'san' hone para [ nAmyantasthA-2/3/15 ] se 'sa' kA 'Sa' hokara 'siSvarttayiSati' rUpa hogA / jabaki aSopadeza 'svarttaN' dhAtu kA 'sisvarttayiSati' rUpa hotA hai / 'svarttayati' ityAdi rUpa donoM dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / // 131 // tha antavAle do dhAtu haiM / 'partha, pArthaNa, prakSepaNe' / Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para apaparthat' rUpa hotA hai| jabaki 'pRthaNa prakSepaNe' dhAtu se 'Nic' hone para 'laghorupAntyasya' 4/3/4 se guNa hone para apaparthat' rUpa hotA hai kintu 'RdRvarNasya' 4/2/37 se 'R' kAra kA bhI 'R' kAra karane para usakA 'apIpRthad' rUpa bhI hotA hai| jabaki 'partha' dhAtu kA dUsarA rUpa nahIM hotA hai, itanA vizeSa hai / zeSa 'parthayati' ityAdi rUpa donoM dhAtu ke samAna hI hote haiN| nyA. si.-: zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'vAvRtu vivaraNe' dhAtupATha dete haiM / 1. 'apapta' prayoga zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne diyA hai / jabaki 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM 'apatta' prayoga diyA hai / 'zvayatyasUvacapataH zvAsthavocapaptam' 4/3/103 sUtra, aG hone para hI 'papta' Adeza karatA hai| Atmanepada meM 'aG' nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'apapta' prayoga saccA nahIM hai| yahA~ madraNadoSa hone kA saMbhava hai| 'apatiSTa, patiSyate' ityAdi meM hue 'iTa' ke bAre meM zrIlAvaNyasUrijI AgamazAstra kI anityatA kA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki AgamazAstra kI anityatA 'iT' ke abhAva meM hetu banatI hai kintu 'iT' karane kA kAraNa nahIM hotI hai / isa dhAtu kA seTtva paramatAnusArI hai, aura usI vajaha se dhAtupArAyaNa meM ye udAharaNa diye haiM kyoMki unhoMne batAyI haI aniTkArikA meM isa dhAta kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA pUrNa paMkti isa prakAra hai| "tato vAvRtyamAnA sA, rAmazAlAM nyviksst|" zUrpaNakhA ke varNana kA yaha prasaMga hai aura vAvRtyamAnA kA artha 'varayantI' hotA hai|

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nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) svo. nyA. -: 'atu bandhane' dhAtu ke sthAna para kucheka vaiyAkaraNa 'itu' dhAtu mAnate haiM / 'jyoti: ' zabda kI siddhi ke lie kauzika nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa 'jutRG bhAsane' dhAtu ke sthAna para 'jyuti' dhAtu kahate haiN| jabaki AcArya zrI 'dyuti dIptau' dhAtu se, 'dyuterAdezca jaH' (uNA. 991) 'is' pratyaya karake aura Adi 'da' kA 'ja' karake 'jyoti' zabda kI siddhi karate haiM / 'kitak' dhAtu hvAdi gaNa meM atirikta hai / 'tapiMca aizvarye' dhAtu meM 'pa' aura 'ta' kA vyatyaya hokara yaha dhAtu banA hai aisA dramila kahate haiM / 'pArtha' dhAtu kA 'pArthayati' aura adyatanI meM Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para 'apapArthat' rUpa hotA hai | // 133 // 398 antavAle ATha dhAtu haiM / 'pada sthairye' kA 'padati' rUpa hotA hai // 134 // 'kadiS, RdiS, kladiSu vaiklavye' dhAtu ke anukrama se 'kadate, Rdate, kladate' rUpa hote haiM / ye tInoM dhAtu 'Sit' hone se [ Sito'G 5/3/107 se ] 'aG-' hone para anukrama se 'kadA ' // 135 // 'RdA' // 136 // 'kladA ' // 137 // rUpa hote haiM / 'mandi jADye, mandate' / 'kya' hone para 'na lopa' hokara 'madyate' rUpa hotA hai / / 138 // 'khurda gudhi krIDAyAm', 'bhvAdernAmino' - 2/1/63 se dIrgha hone para 'khUrdate' aura parokSA meM 'cukhUrde' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 139 // 'gudhi' dhAtu ke 'godhate, jugudhe' ityAdi rUpa hote haiN| 'vau vyaJjanA' - 4/3/25 se 'ktvA' aura 'san' pratyaya vikalpa se 'kit' hone para 'gudhitvA, godhitvA' aura 'jugudhiSate, jugodhiSate' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 140 // 'UvedRg, UbundhRg Alocane' / 'vedate, vedati' / yaha dhAtu 'Udit' hone se 'ktvA' hone para 'veT' hogA, ata: 'vettvA, veditvA' rUpa hoMge aura 'veT' hone se 'kta, ktavatu' ke Adi meM 'iT' na hokara 'venna:, vennavAn' prayoga hoMge / vennA, [ bennA ] nadI kA nAma hai / 'Rdit' hone se vikalpa se 'a' hokara ' avedat' aura 'avedIt' ityAdi rUpa parasmaipada meM hote haiM / Atmanepada meM 'a' na hokara 'sic' hone para 'avediSTa' rUpa hotA hai | // 141 // 'Ubundhag' dhAtu ke 'bundhate, bundhati / bubundhe, bubundha / bundhitA bundhitum ' prayoga hote haiM / 'Udit' hone se 'ktvA' kI Adi meM vikalpa se 'iT' hogA aura 'na' kA lopa hogA, ataH 'buddhavA, budhatvA' prayoga hoMge / Rdit hone se adyatanI meM parasmaipada meM 'Rdicchiva-3/4/65 se vikalpa se 'aG' hone para 'abudhata, abundhIt ' rUpa hoMge / Atmanepada meM 'aG' na hokara 'sic' hogA, ataH 'abundhiSTa' rUpa hogA | // 142 // 1 svo. nyA. -: kucheka vaiyAkaraNa 'vRtUci varaNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para 'vAvRtUci varaNe' dhAtu mAnate haiN| nandI vaiyAkaraNa 'svarttaN' dhAtu ko Sopadeza mAnate haiN| 'pRthaN kSepe' dhAtu ke sthAna para kucheka vaiyAkaraNa 'parthaN' dhAtu mAnate haiM, to kucheka 'pArthaN' dhAtu mAnate haiN| kaMTha nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa 'bada sthairye ' dhAtu ko

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caturtha vakSaskAra ( nyAyasUtra kra. 141 ) 399 pakArAdi mAnate haiM / 'kaduG kraduG kladuG vaiklavye', ye tInoM dhAtu nandI vaiyAkaraNa kI mAnyatAnusAra anudit aura Sit haiM / 'maduG stutimodAdau' dhAtu ke sthAna para caMdra, 'mandi jADye' dhAtu kahate haiM / 'NudIMt preraNe', yaha dhAtu 'Idit' hone se phalavatkartA meM Atmanepada hotA hai, ataH 'nudate, nunude' ityAdi rUpa hote haiN| jabaki 'NudaMt' dhAtu ke 'nudati, nunoda' rUpa hI hote haiM / yaha dhAtu Nopadeza hone se 'praNudati' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se hote haiM | | | 143 // dha antavAle cAra dhAtu haiM / 'vadha hiMsAyAm, vadhati' / lakSya isa prakAra hai-: "yatra sAlapratIkAzaH karNo'vadhyata saMyuge / tathA bhakSakazcennAsti, vadhako'pi na vidyate // 1 // [ jahA~ yuddha meM sAlavRkSa jaisA lambA karNa mArA gayA aura yadi bhakSaka nahIM hotA hai to mAranevAlA bhI nahIM hotA hai / ] 'vadhakaH ' zabda meM 'JNit' kRtpratyaya, 'Naka' hone para aura 'avadhi' prayoga meM 'Jic' hone para 'na janavadha:' 4/3/54 se vRddhi kA niSedha hotA hai, use chor3akara anyatra vRddhi hotI hI hai / udA. 'vavAdha 1 // 144 // 'NAdhRG yAJcopatApaizvaryAzIHSu' / yaha dhAtu Nopadeza hone se [ adurupasargAnta- 2 / 3 / 77 sUtra se] Natva hogA aura 'praNAdhate' ityAdi rUpa hoMge / aNopadeza dhAtu kA 'pranAdhate' ityAdi rUpa hote haiN| Rdit hone se Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para [ upAntyasyA - 4 / 2 / 35 sUtra se ] hrasva nahIM hogA, ataH 'ananAdhat' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM // 145 // 'sAdhaMc, SAdheT saMsiddhau' / 'sAdhyati annam ' ( vaha anna pakAtA hai / ) // 146 // 'SAdheT', yaha dhAtu Sopadeza hone se 'san' hone para [ nAmyantasthA- 2 / 3 / 15 se ] Satva hone para 'siSAtsati' rUpa hogA / yahA~ dhAtu meM anusvAra kI 'it' saMjJA huI hone se 'san' ke Adi meM 'iT' nahIM hotA hai / san paraka 'Ni' hone para 'siSAdhayiSati' rUpa hotA hai aura Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para 'asISadhat' rUpa hotA hai / aSopadeza dhAtu ke 'sisAtsati, sisAdhayiSati, asIsadhat' rUpa hote haiN| use chor3akara 'bAdhaMT' ke 'sAdhnoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / anusvAra kI 'it' saMjJA hone se 'iT' nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'sAddhA, sAddham' ityAdi prayoga donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se hote haiM / // 147 // svo. nyA. -: 'gurdi, gudi krIDAyAm' dhAtu ke sthAna para koI-koI 'khurdi, gudhi krIDAyAm' kahate haiM / 'UbuMdRg nizAmane' dhAtu ke sthAna para koI-koI 'Uvedg' kahate haiM to koIka 'Ubundhag' kahate haiM, to dhAtupArAyaNa meM 'nizAmana' kA artha 'Alocana' kiyA hai ataH yahA~ sIdhe hI spaSTa rUpa se 'Alocana' artha de diyA hai| daMt preraNe dhAtu ko koI-koI 'Idit' mAnate haiN| 'vadha' dhAtu ko kucheka anya atirikta / jyAdA mAnate haiM / nyA. si.: 1. 'vadAdha' ke lie zrIlAvaNyasUrijI isa prakAra udAharaNa dete haiM-: " nUnaM na sattveSvadhiko babAdha, tasmin vane goptari gAhamAne / kintu yaha udAharaNa ucita nahIM hai kyoMki mUla dhAtu 'vadha' hai aura yahA~ prayukta udAharaNa 'bAdha' dhAtu kA hai|

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400 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) nyA. si.-: zrIlAvaNyasUrijI ne yaha zloka isa prakAra diyA hai-: yatra sAlapratIkAzaH karNo'vadhyata saMyuge / tathA nAsti ced bhakSako yatra, vadhako'pi na vidyate / arthAt ye donoM udAharaNa pRthak pRthak hI haiM / 'gRdha vaJcane', yaha dhAtu 'Nic' anta svarUpa meM bhI iSTa hai, ata: 'pralambhe gRdhivaJceH' 3/3/ 89 se Atmanepada hone para 'garddhayate baTum' prayoga hotA hai, jabaki AcAryazrI ke mata se Niganta 'gRth' se hI 'pralambhe gRdhi'-3/3/89 se Atmanepada hotA hai / // 148 // na antavAle do dhAtu haiM / 'mana stambhe', 'mamAna' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / jabaki manati' ityAdi rUpa 'mnAM abhyAse' dhAtu se bhI hote haiM / // 149 // 'janaka janane' yaha dhAtu hyAdi (juhotyAdi) hai, ataH 'zit' pratyaya hone para dvitva hokara 'jajanti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'jajAna garbha maghavA' udAharaNa meM 'Nig' kA artha antarbhUta hone se, usakA artha 'indro'jIjanad' hotA hai| parIkSA meM 'jajJatuH' / udA. 'jajuH pAdAmburuhi tava vibho' [he vibho ! Apake caraNa kamala meM paidA hue / ] 'janaic prAdurbhAve' dhAtu ke to 'jAyate, jajJe, jajJAte, jajJire' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 150 // svo. nyA.-: 'nAdhRG nAthUGa' kI taraha isa dhAtu ko bhI kucheka Nopadeza dhAtu mAnate haiM aura 'nAthaG' dhAtu 'yAJcA, upatApa' ityAdi cAra artha meM hone se, yaha 'NAdhRG' dhAtu bhI usI artha meM kahA hai| kucheka vaiyAkaraNa 'sAdh' dhAtu se 'zya' pratyaya icchate haiM, ataH yahA~ divAdi ke rUpa meM pATha kiyA hai / 'sAdhaMTa saMsiddhau' dhAtu ko kucheka Sopadeza mAnate haiM / 'gRdhUc abhikAGkSAyAm' dhAtu, jo divAdi gaNa meM hai, use hI kucheka curAdi gaNa meM vaJcana artha meM kahate haiM / 'maniN stambhe' dhAtu kA 'mAnayate' rUpa hotA hai| cAMdra vyAkaraNa anusAra 'manati' rUpa hotA hai, aisA 'dhAtupArAyaNa' meM kahA hai, usakI siddhi ke lie 'mana stambhe' pATha kiyA hai aura udAharaNa bhI 'manati' diyA hai kintu 'manati' ityAdi rUpa 'mnAM abhyAse' dhAtu ke bhI hote haiM, ataH 'mamAna' aisA viziSTa rUpa diyA hai| 'janak janane' dhAtu hvAdi meM atirikta batAyA hai| gyAraha dhAtu pa antavAle haiM aura tIna dhAtu pha antavAle haiN| pa antavAle dhAtu meM prathama do dhAtu ghaTAdi haiN| 'kSapa preraNe', 'Ni' hone para 'ghaTAdeH' -4/2/24 se hasva hone para 'kSapayati' rUpa hotA hai / 'upakSapayati prAvRT' kA artha 'prAvRT AsannIbhavati' hotA hai / 'ji', aura 'Nam paraka Ni' hone para vikalpa se dIrgha hone para 'akSApi, akSapi, kSApaMkSApaM, kSapaMkSapaM' prayoga hotA hai / jabaki 'kSapaNa preraNe' dhAtu ghaTAdi na hone se aura akArAnta hone se upAntya 'a' kI vRddhi na hone se 'kSapayati' ityAdi rUpa samAna hI hote haiM kintu 'ji' yA 'Nam paraka Ni' hone para 'ghaTAdeH-' 4/2/24 se prApta dIrgha na hone se kevala 'akSapi, kSapaMkSapaM' rUpa hI hotA hai / 'akSApi aura kSApaMkSApaM' rUpa nahIM hote haiM, itanI vizeSatA hai / // 151 //

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 401 'trapa lajjAyAm', yaha dhAtu ghaTAdi hone se 'Ni' hone para hrasva hotA hai, ataH 'trapayati' rUpa hotA hai / 'ji' paraka yA 'Nam paraka Ni' hone para 'atrapi, atrApi, trapaMtrapaM, trApaMtrApaM' prayoga hote haiM / 'trapauSi lajjAyAm' dhAtu aghaTAdi hai, ata: 'Ni' hone para upAntya 'a' kI vRddhi hone para 'trApayati' ityAdi aura 'ji' yA 'Nam paraka Ni' hone para 'atrApi, trApaMtrApaM' prayoga hI hote haiM kintu 'atrapi, trapaMtrapaM prayoga nahIM hote haiM, itanA vizeSa hai / // 152 // 'sapa samavAye' Sopadeza na hone se 'san paraka Ni' hone para Satva na hone se 'sisApayiSati' rUpa hI hotA hai / 'U paraka Ni' hone para 'asIsapat' rUpa hotA hai, jabaki Sopadeza dhAtu ke 'siSApayiSati, asISapat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 153 // 'hepRGgatau, hepate' / adyatanI meM Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para 'Rdit' hone se 'upAntyasyA'-4/ 2/35 se husva na hone para 'ajihepat' rUpa hotA hai / // 154 // 'tupa, tumpa, tupa, tuncha, rinpha hiMsAyAm' / 'tupati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'tupatI, tupantI strI kule vA' / yahA~ 'avarNAdazno'-2/1/115 se 'at' kA 'ant' Adeza hogA / jabaki bhvAdi gaNa ke 'tup' dhAtu kA 'topati' ityAdi rUpa hotA hai aura 'i' tathA 'GI' hone para 'zatR' ke 'at' kA 'zyazavaH' 2/1/116 se nitya 'ant' Adeza hone para 'tupantI', aisA eka hI rUpa hotA hai| isa prakAra Age bhI vicAra kara lenA / // 155 // ___tunya' isa dhAtu ke 'tumpati gauH' / 'prastumpati' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / 'za' hone para 'no vyaJjanasyA'-4/2/45 se prApta 'na' kA lopa anya vaiyAkaraNa icchate nahIM hai, ataH 'tumpatI, tumpantI strI kule vA' prayoga hotA hai / bhvAdigaNa ke 'tumpa' dhAtu kA 'tumpantI' eka hI rUpa hotA hai| // 156 // _ 'tupha' dhAtu ke 'tuphati' / 'tuphatI, tuphantI strI kule vA' prayoga hote haiN| jabaki bhvAdi gaNa ke 'tupha' dhAtu ke 'tophati' aura 'zatra' hone para 'tuphantI', aisA eka hI rUpa hotA hai / // 157 // - 'tumpha' dhAtu kA 'tumphati' rUpa hotA hai / kucheka yahA~ 'za' hone para 'na' kA lopa icchate nahIM hai, ata: 'tumphatI, tumphantI strI kule vA' prayoga hotA hai / bhvAdi gaNa ke tumpha dhAtu kA 'tumphantI' aisA eka hI rUpa hotA hai // 158 // ___'rinphat' dhAtu kA 'rimphati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'za' hone para 'na' kA lopa nahIM hotA hai| parokSA meM 'Nav' hone para 'ririmpha' ityAdi rUpa hotA hai| // 159 // 'tRpa, tRnpat tRptau' / 'tRpati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 160 // svo. nyA.-: AcAryazrI ne 'kSapi, trapi' arthAt 'kSap lAbhaNa preraNe' aura 'trapauSi lajjAyAm' do dhAtu ko aghaTAdi mAne haiM / 'Sap samavAye' dhAtu ko anya vaiyAkaraNa 'aSopadeza' kahate haiM / 'mepRG repRG' dhAtu gatyarthaka hai, vaise 'hepRG' dhAtu ko bhI kauzika nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa gatyarthaka mAnate haiM / 'tupa, tumpa tupha, tumpha' dhAtu jo hiMsA artha meM bhvAdi gaNa meM haiM, ve tudAdi gaNa meM bhI haiM, aisA anya vaiyAkaraNa mAnate 30

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402 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) "tRnpat-tRmpati' / 'za' hone para 'na' lopa nahIM hotA hai-'tRmpati, tRmpantI' // 161 // 'stupa, stUpaNa samucchAye' / 'stopayati' / yaha dhAtu Sopadeza nahIM hai, ataH sannanta prayoga meM 'Sa' nahIM hogA aura 'tustopayiSati' rUpa hogA / adyatanI meM 'atustupat' rUpa hotA hai, kintu Sopadeza 'STapaN' dhAtu ke 'stupayati, tuSTupayiSati, atuSTupat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 162 // "stUpaNa', yaha dhAtu Sopadeza nahIM hai, ataH san hone para tustUpayiSati' rUpa hogA aura adyatanI meM 'Ga' hone para 'upAntyasyA'-4/2/35 se hrasva hone para 'atustupat' rUpa hogA / jabaki 'stUpayati' ityAdi rUpa 'STrapaN' dhAtu ke bhI hote haiM / // 163 // 'tupuNa ardane' / yaha dhAtu 'udit' hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'tumpayati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / karmaNi kA 'kya' pratyaya( kit) hone para 'na' lopa nahIM hogA aura 'tumyate' ityAdi rUpa hote haiN| jabaki bhvAdi gaNa ke 'tumpa' dhAtu ke 'na' kA 'no vyaJjanasyA'-4/2/45 se lopa hokara 'tupyate' rUpa hotA hai| // 164 // ba antavAle teraha dhAtu haiM / 'gharba, kanba, khanba, ganba, canba, tanba, nanba, panba, banba, zanba, Sanba gatau / 'gharbati, gharbita:' / yaha dhAtu kta hone para seTa hone se 'kteTo guro:'-5/3/106 sUtra se 'a' pratyaya hone para gharbA' prayoga hotA hai / aisA Age bhI jJAtavya hai / // 165 // 'kanba' dhAtu kA 'kambati' rUpa hotA hai / kit pratyaya hone se 'na' kA lopa hone para karmaNi prayoga meM 'kabyate' rUpa hotA hai / 'kambitaH, kambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 166 // 'khanba' dhAtu ke 'khambati, khabyate, khambitaH, khambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 167 // 'gamba' dhAtu ke 'gambati, gabyate, gambitaH, gambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 168 // 'canba' dhAtu ke 'cambati, cabyate, cambitaH, cambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 169 // 'tanba' dhAtu ke 'tambati, tabyate, tambitaH, tambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 170 // 'namba' dhAtu Nopadeza nahIM hai ataH 'pranambati' ityAdi meM 'na' kA 'Na' nahIM hotA hai aura 'nabyate, nambitaH, nambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 171 // / 'panna' dhAtu ke 'pambati, pabyate, pambitaH, pambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 172 // 'banba' dhAtu ke 'bambati, babyate, bambitaH, bambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 173 // 'zanba' dhAtu ke 'zambati, zabyate, zambitaH, zambA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / 'Nig' hone para yA curAdi AkRti gaNa hone se 'Nic' hone para 'zambayati' rUpa hotA hai / // 174 // svo. nyA.-: pha antavAle tRpha aura tRmphat dhAtu ko anya vaiyAkaraNa pa antavAle mAnate haiN| 'STUpaNa samucchrAye' dhAtu ko hI kucheka 'stupaNa' ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM, to anya usI dhAtu ko hI aSopadeza 'stUpaNa' ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM / 'tubuN ardane' dhAtu jaisA hI 'tupuN' dhAtu hai / jaise 'arba, karba' ityAdi dhAtu jaise gatyarthaka haiM, vaise dharba dhAtu bhI gatyarthaka hai, aisA kucheka mAnate haiM / kauzika paramparA meM 'karba, kharba' ityAdi ke repha ke sthAna meM na kAra mAnA gayA hai|

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 403 'Sanba' dhAtu ke 'Sa' kA 'Sa: so-'2/3/98 se 'sa' hone para 'sambati, sabyate, sambitaH, sambA' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'san' paraka 'Ni' hone para, yaha dhAtu Sopadeza hone se 'Sa' hone para 'siSambayiSati' rUpa hotA hai / // 175 // "sAMbaN smbndhe'| 'sAmbayati' / Sopadeza na hone se Satva nahIM hogA, ataH 'san' hone para 'sisAmbayiSati' rUpa hogaa| Nic' anitya hone se, Nic' ke abhAva meM 'sisAmbiSati' rUpa hotA hai| al' hone para 'sAmbaH' zabda hotA hai / // 176 // 'kuTuMbiNa dhAraNe' dhAtu ke 'kuTumbayate' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 177 // bha antavAle ATha dhAtu haiM / 'suMbha, nabhi hiMsAyAm' / yaha dhAtu Sopadeza nahIM hai, ataH san paraka 'Nig' hone para Satva nahIM hogA aura 'susumbhayiSati' rUpa hogA aura preraka adyatanI meM 'Ga' hone para 'asusumbhat' rUpa hogaa| // 178 // 'nabhi' dhAtu dyutAdi hai, ataH parasmaipada meM 'aG' hone para prAnabhat' rUpa hogA aura Atmanepada meM 'aG' na hokara sic hogA aura 'prAnabhiSTa' rUpa hogA kyoMki 'yudbhyaH '-3/3/44 se vikalpa se Atmanepada hotA hai / yaha dhAtu Nopadeza nahIM hai, ataH yahA~ 'na' kA 'Na' nahIM hotA hai| kintu yaha dhAtu Nopadeza hotA to 'prANabhat, prANabhiSTa' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 179 // 'SaMbha bhASaNe ca' / yahA~ 'ca' se hiMsA artha lenA / 'SaH so'-2/3/98 se 'Sa' kA 'sa' hone para 'sumbhati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / Ga paraka 'Ni' hone para, Sopadeza dhAtu hone se 'Sa' hone para 'asuSumbhat' ora san paraka 'Ni' hone para 'suSumbhayiSati' rUpa hotA hai / jabaki kevala 'Subh' dhAtu se 'san' hone para Satva hone kI prApti hai kintu 'Nistoreva'-2/3/37 sUtra se nizcita hI Satva kA abhAva hone para 'susumbhiSati' rUpa hotA hai / 'ku' se yukta Subh dhAtu se 'ac' hone para 'kusumbhaH' zabda hotA hai / lakSya isa prakAra hai-: "sAvaSTambhanizumbhasumbhanA" | // 180 // 'STabhuG stambhe' / yaha dhAtu 'Ta' paraka 'Sa' AdivAlA hai / AcAryazrI ne jisakA pATha kiyA hai, vaha dhAtu prayoga meM 'STuMgk' kI taraha 'ta' paraka 'sa' AdivAlA hai| Sopadeza karane ke lie hI 'STabhuG' aisA pATha kiyA hai, ata: 'SaH so'-2/3/98 se 'Sa' kA 'sa' hotA hai kintu isa dhAtu ke 'Sa' kA 'sa' anya AcArya icchate nahIM haiM aura yaha dhAtu udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'STambhate' rUpa hotA hai / 'kit' pratyaya hone para 'na' kA lopa nahIM hotA hai, ata: 'STAbhyate' rUpa hotA hai / 'yaG' hone para 'TASTambhyate' aura 'yaG lup' hone para 'TASTambdhi' rUpa hotA hai / san pratyaya hone para 'TiSTambhiSate' rUpa, san paraka "Ni' hone para 'TiSTambhayiSati', adyatanI meM Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para 'aTiSTambhit' rUpa hote haiN| AcAryazrI ne batAye hue 'STabhuG' dhAtu ke 'Sa' kA 'sa' hone para 'nimittAbhAve-' nyAya se 'Ta' kA 'ta' hone para 'stambhate, stambhyate, tAstambhyate, tAstambdhi' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM aura Satva kI prApti hone para bhI, 'san' hone para 'Nistoreva'-2/3/37 se nizcaya hI Satva na hone se 'tistambhiSate'

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404 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) rUpa hotA hai / jabaki Niganta dhAtu se Satva ke niSedha kA abhAva hone se Satva hogA, ataH "tiSTambhayiSati' tathA Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para 'atiSTambhad' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 181 // svo. nyA-: 'saMbaNa sambandhe' dhAta ko kacheka 'sAMbaNa' kahate haiM / cAndra paramparA meM 'tantriNa kuTumbadhAraNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para 'kuTumbiN' dhAtu kahA hai| kucheka vaiyAkaraNa 'zubha bhASaNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para 'suMbha' pATha karate haiM / dhutAdi gaNa ke 'Nabhi hiMsAyAm' dhAtu ko kucheka aNopadeza, 'nabhi' dhAtu ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM / pUrvokta 'suMbha' dhAtuko hI gupta nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa Sopadeza mAnate haiN| 'Dabhu, DibhuNaM saMghAte' / yaha dhAtu 'udit' hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'Dambhayati' rUpa hotA hai / 'Nic' anitya hai, ataH usake abhAva meM bhI udit hone se kit pratyaya hone para 'na-lopa' kA abhAva hone se 'Dambhyate' rUpa hogA / isa prakAra 'Dibhu' ityAdi tInoM dhAtu ke bAre meM jJAtavya hai| // 182 // 'DibhuNa-Dimbhayati, Dimbhyate' / 'ac' pratyaya hone para 'DimbhaH' zabda hotA hai / // 183 // 'dabhu, dibhuNa, vaJcane' / yaha dhAtu udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'dambhamati, dambhyate' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 184 // - "dibhuNa' yaha dhAtu bhI udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hone para 'dimbhayati, dimbhayate' ityAdi rupa hote haiM // 185 // ma antavAle do dhAtu haiM / chadma gatau' / yahA~ bhrAmaka/daMbhI gati artha lenA 'chadmati', adyatanI meM 'sic' hone para 'acchadmIt', parokSA meM 'Na' hone para 'cacchadA' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 186 // 'sAmaNa sAntvane' / 'Ga' hokara adyatanI meM 'upAntyasyA'-4/2/35 se hUsva hone para asIsamat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / jabaki curAdi ke akArAnta 'sAmaN' dhAtu kA 'asasAmat' rUpa hotA hai| // 187 // ra antavAle tIna dhAtu haiM / 'turak tvaraNe,' yaha dhAtu hyAdi ( juhotyAdi) hai, ataH 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hokara 'tutoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 188 // ___ 'purat aizvaryadIptyoH ' yaha dhAtu Sopadeza hone se 'Sa' hotA hai, ataH parokSA meM 'saSora', preraka adyatanI meM 'asUSurat', preraka icchAdarzaka-san paraka 'Ni' hone para 'suSorayiSati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / aSopadeza dhAtu ke 'susora, asUsurata, susorayiSati' rUpa hote haiM / 'surati' ityAdi rUpa donoM dhAtu ke samAna hI hote haiM / // 189 // * svo. nyA.-: 'Dapu' aura 'DipuN' dhAtuoM ko anya vaiyAkaraNa bhakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'dabha, dabhu, dibhu' dhAtuoM ko kucheka curAdi mAnate hai, aisA dhAtuparAyaNa meM batAyA hai / yadyapi vahA~ ina dhAtuoM kA koI vizeSa artha batAyA nahIM hai, tathApi 'Asuyuvapi'-5/1/20 sUtra kI vRtti meM 'dabh' dhAtu kA vaJcana artha batAyA hai, ataH usake sahacarita 'dabhu' aura 'dibhu' dhAtu kA bhI vahI artha honA cAhie, aisA vicAra karake hamane bhI vahI artha batAyA hai| 'dabhi' sautradhAtuoM meM batAyA hai ataH yahA~ usakA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai / 'tsara chadmagatau' dhAtupATha meM 'chadma' bhI dhAtu hai, aisA kauzika mAnate haiN|

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 405 'guguN anRtabhASaNe', yaha dhAtu udit hone se 'na' kA Agama hokara 'gundrayati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'ac' hone para uttamamustA' artha meM 'gundrA' zabda hotA hai / // 190 // la antavAle gyAraha dhAtu haiM / inameM se pahale do ghaTAdi haiM / 1. 'skhala calane,' 2. 'dala vizaraNe' / 'Ni' hone para 'ghaTAdeH'-4/2/24 se hrasva hone para skhalayati, dalayati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'ji' yA 'Nam' paraka 'Ni' hone para vikalpa se dIrgha hotA hai| ataH 'askhAli, askhali, skhAlaMskhAlaM, skhalaMskhalaM / adAli adali, dAlaMdAlaM, dalaMdalaM' zabda hote haiM / ghaTAdi na ho aise 'skhala' aura 'dala' dhAtu ke "Ni' hone para 'skhAlayati, dAlayati' tathA 'ji' yA 'Nam' paraka 'Ni' hone para 'askhAli, skhAlaMskhAlaM, adAli, dAlaMdAlaM' rUpa hote haiM / 'skhalati, dalati' ityAdi donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / // 191-192 // 'sthala sthAne', yaha dhAtu Sopadeza nahIM hai, ataH san paraka 'Ni' hone para 'tisthAlayiSati' tathA preraka adyatanI meM Gaparaka 'Ni' hokara atisthalat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / ghopadeza dhAtu ke 'tiSThAlayiSati, atiSThalat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'sthalati' ityAdi donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se samAna hI hote haiM / // 193 / / 'bali paribhASaNahiMsAdAneSu', yaha dhAtu auSThyAdi hai| blte'| yaha dhAtu vakArAdi (daMtyoSThyAdi) na hone se parIkSA meM ekAra kA niSedha 'na zasa-dada-vAdiguNinaH-4/1/30 se nahIM hogA, ataH 'anAdezAderekavyaJjanamadhye'taH' 4/1/24 se etva hone para, dvitva nahIM hokara 'bele, belAte, belire' ityAdi rUpa hoMge / // 194 // "Silat uJche' / 2 yaha dhAtu Sopadeza hai / ataH parokSA meM 'siSela', preraka adyatanI meM 'asISilat', preraka sannanta meM 'siSelayiSati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / aSopadeza dhAtu ke 'sisela, asIsilat, siselayiSati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'silati' ityAdi donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se hote haiN| // 195 // 'pulat mahattve, pulati' / bhvAdi gaNa ke 'pul' dhAtu kA 'polati' rUpa hotA hai / // 196 // 'bala valaN prANane' / prathama dhAtu oSThyAdi haiM / dUsarA dantyoSThyAdi hai, donoM ghaTAdi haiN| ataH 'ghaTAdeH' 4/2/24 se hrasva hone para balayati, valayati' rUpa hote haiN| 'ji' yA 'Nam paraka Ni' hone para vikalpa se dIrgha hokara 'abAli, abali, bAlaMbAlaM, balaMbalaM, avAli, avali, vAlaMvAlaM, valaMvalaM' rUpa hote haiM / // 197-198 // _ 'mulaNa rohaNe, molayati' / 'Nic' anitya hone se 'nAmyupAntya'-5/1/54 se 'ka' pratyaya hone para 'mulaH' zabda hotA hai / // 199 // 'pAlaNa rakSaNe' / 'pAlayati' iti 'pAlI', 'Ni' antavAle 'pAl' dhAtu se uNAdi kA 1. motha nAmaka vanaspati hai| 'syAd bhadramustako gundrA' [amarakoza-vanauSadhivarga. zlo. 260] 2. 'uccha' arthAt 'kaNaza AdAnam', eka eka kaNa karake bInanA /

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406 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) 'svarasya ir' (i: ) ( uNA - 606 ) se 'i' pratyaya hogA, bAda meM 'GI' hone para 'pAlI' zabda banatA haiM / // 200 // svo. nyA.-: yahI sAmaN dhAtu akArAnta hai, use caMdra nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa vyaMjanAnta mAnate haiM / 'turaka' dhAtu ko kucheka atirikta mAnate haiN| 'surat aizvarye' dhAtu ko anya koI Sopadeza mAnate haiM / 'kadruN anRtabhASaNe' dhAtu ko anya vaiyAkaraNa gakArAdi mAnate haiM / AcAryazrI kI apanI mAnyatAnusAra 'skhala calane, dala vizaraNe' donoM dhAtu ghaTAdi nahIM haiN| 'Thala sthAne' dUsaroM kI mAnyatAnusAra aSopadeza haiM / 'galiN strAvaNe, gAlayate, udgAlayate' / 'Ni' antavAle 'gal' dhAtu se uNAdi kA 'svarebhya ir'(i: ) ( uNA-606 ) se 'i' pratyaya hone para 'gAli:', usase strIliGga meM 'GI' karane para 'gAlI' zabda banatA hai | || 201 // antavAle tIna dhAtu haiM / 1. 'kSIvR nirasane, kSIvati' / 'kta' pratyaya hone para ' kSIvitaH ' hotA hai kyoMki 'kta' pratyaya ke sAtha 'kSIvRG' dhAtu kA hI 'anupasargAH kSIvolghakRzaparikRzaphullotphullasaMphullAH ' 4/2/80 se 'kSIva' nipAtana hotA hai aura vahI iSTa hai / // 202 // 'cIvI AdAnasaMvaraNayo:' / preraka adyatanI meM Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para 'upAntyasyA' - 4/2/ 35 se hrasva hokara 'acIcivat' rUpa hotA hai| jabaki 'cIvRg' dhAtu 'Rdit' hone se preraka adyatanI meM Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para upAntya kA hrasva nahIM hogA aura 'acicIvad' rUpa hogA / 'cIvate' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se hote haiM / // 203 // 'SAntvaN sAmaprayoge' / yahI dhAtu Sopadeza hone se 'sa' kA 'Sa' hone para 'siSAntvayiSati' prayoga, san paraka 'Ni' hone se hotA hai| jabaki asopadeza dhAtu kA 'sisAntvayiSati' prayoga hotA hai / 'sAntvayati' ityAdi prayoga donoM dhAtu ke hote haiM / // 204 // za antavAle cAra dhAtu haiM / 1. 'raza zabde' / 'razati' / uNAdi kA ana pratyaya hokara 'razanA' zabda mekhalA arthAt Dora artha meM hogA / 'mi' pratyaya hone para 'razmiH ' tathA Nit 'i' pratyaya hokara 'rAzi: ' zabda banatA hai | // 205 // 2. 'vAzRG ca zabde', Gaparaka 'Ni' pratyaya hone para preraka adyatanI meM, dhAtu 'Rdit' hone se 'upAntyasyA' - 4/2/ 35 se hrasva nahIM hogA aura 'avavAzat' rUpa hogaa| jabaki 'vAzic' dhAtu kA svara Gaparaka 'Ni' hone para hrasva hokara 'avIvazat' rUpa hogA aura 'vAzyate' ityAdi rUpa donoM prakAra ke dhAtu se siddha hote haiM / // 206 // 3. 'lazaN laSaN zilpayoge' / 'lAzayati, lASayati vA dAru' arthAt raMdA ityAdi se lakaDI ko patalI karatA hai | // 207 // svo. nyA. -: ' bhali paribhASaNahiMsAdAneSu,' dhAtu ke sthAna para koI-koI oSThyAdi 'bali' dhAtu kahate haiM / yahA~ parokSA meM 'etva' kA niSedha daMtyoSThyAdi arthAt vakArAdi dhAtu kA hI batAyA hai / 'silat ucche' dhAtu ko koI-koI Sopadeza mAnate haiM / 'pula mahattve', jaise bhvAdi hai vaise curAdi meM ghaTAdi hai,

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 407 aisA koI-koI mAnate haiM / 'mUlaNa rohaNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para nandI vaiyAkaraNa 'mulaN' pATha mAnate haiN| 'palaNa rakSaNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para caMdra vaiyAkaraNa 'pAlaNa' pATha mAnate haiM / yadyapi 'pala' aura 'pAla' donoM dhAtu ke rUpa samAna hI hote haiM, tathApi dhAtupArAyaNa meM caMdra vaiyAkaraNa ke matAnusAra 'pAlaNa' pATha batAyA hai| ataH yahA~ bhI hamane aisA hI kahA hai| 'galiN' aura 'kSIvR' dhAtu ko koI-koI atirikta mAnate haiN| 4. 'dAziNa dAne, dAzayate' / Uparaka 'Ni' para meM hone para adyatanI meM 'adIdazata' rUpa hotA hai, jabaki 'dAzRg dAne' dhAtu 'Rdit' hone se Ga paraka 'Ni' para meM hone para upAntya kA isva nahIM hotA hai, ataH 'adadAzata' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 208 / / svo. nyA.-: 'cIvRg jhaSIvat' dhAtu ko koI-koI Rdit nahIM mAnate haiM, usakA kevala ubhayapaditva batAne ke lae 'cIvI' pATha kiyA hai aura 'jhaSI' dhAtu AdAna tathA saMvaraNa artha meM hone se, vahI artha hamane cIvI dhAtu kA batAyA hai| 'sAntvaNa sAmaprayoge' dhAtu ko koika Sopadeza mAnate haiN| raza dhAtu ko koI-koI atirikta dhAtu mAnate haiM / vAzic dhAtu ko kucheka Rdit mAnate haiM / lasaN dhAtuko kauzika vaiyAkaraNa zakArAnta mAnate haiM, to anya vaiyAkaraNa mUrdhanya SakArAnta mAnate haiM / dAziNa dhAtu ko kucheka atirikta dhAtu kahate haiN| - Sa antavAle ATha dhAtu haiM / 'khaSa hiMsAyAm' / 'khaSati, cakhASa' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 209 // "sUSa, zUSa prasave', aSopadeza dhAtu hone se 'Sa' nahIM hogA, ata: 'susUSa' rUpa hotA hai / Sopadeza dhAtu ke 'sa' kA 'Sa' hone para 'suSUSa' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / sUSati' ityAdi rUpa donoM dhAtuoM ke samAna hI hote haiM / // 210 // 'zUSa-zUSati' / 'ac' hone para 'zUSA' zabda sabjI kI eka jAti artha meM hotA hai| // 211 // 'ghaSukaraNe' / yahI dhAtu 'udit' hone se 'na' kA Agama hogA aura usakA 'ziDhe'nusvAraH' 1/3/40 se anusvAra hone para ghaMSate, jaghaMSe, ghaMSitA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / jabaki 'ghasuG karaNe' dhAtu ke 'ghaMsate, jaghaMse, ghaMsitA' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 212 // 'dhiSaka zabde', yaha dhAtu hvAdi hai, ataH 'havaH ziti' 4/1/12 se dvitva hone para 'didheSTi' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 213 // 'muSac khaNDane / muSyati / ' yaha dhAtu puSyAdi hai, ata: adyatanI meM 'aG' hone para 'amuSat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 214 // 'dhUSa, dhUsaN kAntIkaraNe' dhAtu ke 'dhUSayati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 215 // 'dhUsaNa' dhAtu ke 'dhUsayati' ityAdi rUpa hoMge / // 216 // 'dhRSiNa sAmarthyavAraNe' / isa dhAtu kA 'dharSayate' rUpa hogA / udA. 'dharSayate'rIn' / // 217 // chaH dhAtu sa antavAle haiN| 'jarlsa paribhASaNahiMsAtarjaneSu' / 'jaha~ti / jantiI strI kule vA' / yahA~ 'zyazavaH' 2/1/116 se 'zatR (at)' kA 'ant' Adeza nitya hotA hai / dhAtupArAyaNa graMtha

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408 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa ) meM 'jartsati' dhAtu ke tudAditva kI zaMkA dUra karane ke lie aura vaha bhvAdi dhAtu hai aisA batAne ke lae 'jartsantI' prayoga diyA hai, ataH hamane bhI vahI prayoga batAyA hai kyoMki dhAtu tudAdi hone para hI 'avarNAdazno'nto' - 2/1/115 se 'zatR ' ( at ) kA ' ant' Adeza vikalpa se hotA hai aura 'jarsatI, jartsantI' aise do rUpa ho sakate haiM / // 298 // svo. nyA. -: 'kaSa, ziSa' ityAdi dhAtu kI taraha 'khaSa' bhI hiMsArthaka hai aisA kaNTha nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa kahate haiM / 'SUSa prasave' dhAtu ko koI-koI aSopadeza mAnate haiN| to anya cAraka ityAdi tAlavya zakArAdi mAnate haiN| caMdra vaiyAkaraNa 'ghasuG karaNe' dhAtu ko mUrdhanya SakArAnta mAnate haiN| anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne 'dhiSak' dhAtu ko juhotyAdi meM atirikta / jyAdA batAyA hai| puSyAdi gaNa ke 'musac' dhAtu ko anya loga SakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'dhUzaN kAntIkaraNe' dhAtu ko hI koI - SakArAnta mAnate haiM to anya koI daMtya sakArAnta mAnate haiM / 'vRSiNa zaktibandhe' dhAtu ko hI sAmarthyavAraNa artha meM 'dhRSiNa' ke rUpa meM anya vaiyAkaraNa mAnate haiM / 'jarsa' dhAtu ko dUsare loga atirikta / jyAdA kahate haiM / 'SNusac adane', 'SaH so' - 2 / 3 / 98 se 'Sa' kA 'sa' hone para 'snusyati' rUpa hotA hai / yaha dhAtu Sopadeza hone se parokSA meM 'suSNosa' rUpa hogA / Gaparaka 'Ni' para meM hone para 'asuSNusat ' rUpa tathA san paraka 'Ni' hone para 'suSNosayiSyati' rUpa hotA hai / akele 'SNus' dhAtu se 'san' hone para Satva hone kI prApti hai kintu 'Nistoreva' - 2 / 3 / 37 se nizcita hI Satva nahIM hogA, ataH 'susnusiSati' tathA 'susnosiSati' rUpa hoMge kyoMki 'vau vyaJjanAdeH '-4/3/25 se seT 'san' vikalpa se kiva hotA hai / aise seT 'ktvA' bhI vikalpa se kidvad hone para 'snusitvA, snositvA' rUpa hoMge | // 219 // 'SNasUc nirasane', yaha dhAtu ghaTAdi hai| 'SaH so' - 2 / 3 / 98 se 'Sa' kA 'sa' hogA aura ghaTAdi hone se 'Ni' hone para hrasva hokara 'snasayati' rUpa hogA / 'ji' paraka yA 'Nam paraka Ni' hone para vikalpa se dIrgha hone 'asnAsi, asnasi, snAsaMsnAsaM, snasaMsnasaM' rUpa hote haiM / yaha dhAtu Sopadeza hone se 'san' paraka 'Ni' hone para 'siSNasayiSati' rUpa hotA hai / ghaTAdi 'SNas' dhAtu ko chor3akaraanya 'SNas' dhAtu ke - 'snAsayati, asnAsi, snAsaMsnAsaM, siSNAsayiSati' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / 'snasyati' ityAdi rUpa donoM dhAtu ke samAna hI hote haiM / // 220 // 'dAsad hiMsAyAm' dhAtu ke 'dAsnoti' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 229 // 'udhrasUz ucche', udhasnAti' / 'hi' (AjJArtha - yuSmadartha ekavacana) hone para 'znA' sahita 'hi' kA 'Ana' Adeza hone para 'udhrasAna' rUpa hotA hai / yaha dhAtu aneka svarayukta hone se parokSA meM 'Am' hokara 'udhrasAJcakAra', 'san' hone para 'udidhrasiSati' aura dhAtu 'Udit' hone se 'ktvA' hone para vikalpa se 'iT' hone para udhastvA, udhasitvA,' rUpa hote haiM / uddisiSati, 'ud' upasarga se yukta 'dhrasnAti' dhAtu ke 'uddhasnAti, uddhasAna, uddadhrAsa, uddhasya' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 222 //

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 409 'udhrasaNa utkSepe' / 'udhrAsayati', adyatanI meM 'Ga' hone para audidhrasat' rUpa hotA hai / 'ud' upasarga se yukta 'dhrAsi' dhAtu ke 'uddhAsayati, udadidhrasat' ityAdi rUpa hote haiM / // 223 // ha antavAle pA~ca dhAtu haiM / 'gRhauGa grahaNe' / yaha dhAtu audina hai, ata: 'veTa' hai / ataH 'gA, garhitA' prayoga hoMge / 'veTa' hone se 'kta, ktavatu' aura 'kti' ke Adi meM 'iT' nahIM hogA, ataH 'gRDha, gRDhavAn, gRDhiH' rUpa hoMge / 'nAmyupAntya'-5/1/54 se 'ka' hone para gRham, gRhAH' prayoga hotA hai| // 224 // svo. nyA.-: 'SNusac' dhAtu ko dramila atirikta dhAtu kahate haiN| 'SNasUc' dhAtu ko kucheka ghaTadi kahate hai to kucheka aghayadi kahate haiM / 'dAsaT' dhAtu anya vyAkaraNa meM atirikta/jyAdA hai| 'dhrasUz uJche' aura 'dhrasaNa utkSepe' dhAtuoM ko kucheka ukArAdi mAnateM haiM / 'glahauG grahaNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para kucheka 'gRhauG' dhAtu mAnate haiN| 'straMhUG vizvAse' / yaha dhAtu dyutAdi aura daMtyAdi hai / parokSA meM 'satraMhe' prayoga hotA hai| 'yudbhyo'dyatanyAm' 3/3/44 se vikalpa se Atmanepada hone para 'assaMhiSTa' rUpa hogA aura parasmaipada hogA taba 'aG' hokara 'astrahat' hogA / yaha dhAtu Udit hone se 'ktvA' pratyaya kI Adi meM vikalpa se 'iT' hogA / jaba 'iT' hogA taba seT ktvA, 'ktvA' 4/3/29 se kit nahIM hogA, ataH 'no vyaJjanasyA'-4/2/45 se na kA lopa nahIM hone se 'srahitvA' prayoga hogA / 'iT' nahIM hogA taba 'ha' kA 'Dha' ityAdi prakriyA hokara, 'DhastaDDe' 1/3/42 se pUrva 'Dha' kA lopa hogA aura pUrva 'a' dIrgha hone se 'srAvA' prayoga hogA / // 225 // 'STrahau, STunhaut udyame' / yaha dhAtu Sopadeza hone se 'san' paraka 'Ni' hone se, 'gha: so-'2/ 3/98 se kRta 'sa' kA 'Sa' hokara 'tiSTahayiSati' rUpa hotA hai / // 226 // ___'STranhaut'-pUrva kI taraha 'Sa' hone para 'tiSTuMhayiSati' rUpa hotA hai / aSopadeza 'stRha'-aura 'stUMh' dhAtu ke anukrama se 'tistarhayiSati' aura 'tisrtRhayiSati ityAdi prayoga hI hote haiM / // 227 / / _ 'dahuNa rakSaNe' / 'dehayati' / 'Nic' anitya hone se, usake abhAva meM, dhAtu udit hone se karmaNi kA 'kya' pratyaya hone para 'na' lopa nahIM hogA aura 'dahyate' prayoga hogA / // 228 // kSa antavAle cAra dhAtu haiM / 'STakSa gatau' / san paraka 'Ni' hone para 'tiSTakSayiSati' prayoga hotA hai, kyoMki dhAtu Sopadeza hai / jabaki aSopadeza dhAtu kA 'tistRkSayiSati' prayoga hotA hai / // 229 // ___ 'jAgatidAnayoH' / yaha dhAtu ghaTAdi hai aura udit hai, ataH 'na' kA Agama hone pr| 'jaGkSate' rUpa tathA karmaNi meM 'kya' hone para 'na' lopa nahIM hogA, ataH 'jakSyate' rUpa hogA / parokSA meM 'jajaGkSa', zvastanI meM 'jakSitA, aura 'kta' pratyaya hone para 'jakSitaH' prayoga hotA hai| 'kteTo guroH'-5/3/106 se 'a' pratyaya hone para 'jaGkSA' prayoga hogA / 'Ni' hone para 'jaGkSayati' aura 'ji' yA 'Nam paraka Ni' hone para 'ghaTAdeH'-4/2/24 se vikalpa se dIrgha hokara 'ajAkSi ,

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410 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) * ajaGgi, jAkSaMjALe, jaGkajaGka' prayoga hote haiM / // 230 // _ 'bhakSI adane', dhAtu ke 'bhakSate, bhakSati, babhakSe, babhakSa, bhakSitum, bhakSitam' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 231 // 'RkSaT upazamane,' dhAtu ke 'RkSNoti' tathA 'ac' pratyaya hone para nakSatra artha meM 'RkSaM' zabda hotA hai / // 232 // jina dhAtuoM ko bhvAdi ityAdi gaNa meM batAye hoM, tathApi curAdi kA 'Nic' pratyaya karane ke lie, dUsarA artha batAne ke lie, Atmanepada yA parasmaipada karane ke lie, yA 'iT' karane ke lie, use vizeSita karake anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne pRthak batAye haiM, unhIM dhAtuoM ko prAyaH yahA~ batAye gaye nahIM haiM, Upara jo kucha batAyA hai, vaha kevala digdarzana ke lie hI hai / isI yukti dvArA curAdi kA Nic' saba dhAtu se (bahula-prakAra se) hotA hai / aura dhAtuoM kA anekArthatva, Atmanepada tathA iT kI anityatA saba ko vidita hI hai / svo.nyA-: kauzika nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa dhutAdi gaNa ke 'yaMbhUG' dhAtu ko hakArAnta mAnate haiN| 'stRhau, stuhaut hiMsAyAm' dhAtu ko kucheka Sopadeza mAnate haiM / 'dahuN' dhAtu ko koI-koI atirikta mAnate haiM / caMdra nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa 'stRkSa gatau' dhAtu ko Sopadeza mAnate haiM / kauzika nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa ghaTadi gaNa ke 'kSajuG gatidAnayoH' dhAtu meM 'kSa' aura 'ja' kA vyatyaya karake 'jakSuG' pATha karate haiN| ____ anya kisI vaiyAkaraNa 'bhlakSI bhakSaNe' dhAtu ke sthAna para 'bhakSI' pATha karate haiN| dUsare vaiyAkaraNane 'RkSaT' dhAtu ko svAdi gaNa meM atirikta batAyA hai / isa prakAra anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne batAye hue dhAtuoM meM se, jina dhAtuoM ke pratiyogI dhAtue~ siddhahema meM haiM, ve dhAtu tathA anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne batAye hue atirikta dhAtuyeM yahA~ batAye gaye haiM / curAdi dhAtu se svArtha meM honevAle 'Nic' pratyaya ke lie hI anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne mULa dhAtu se alaga batAye haiN| udA. 'dhaMga dhAraNe' dhAtu kI taraha 'dhuNa dhAraNe' dhAtu kA anya vaiyAkaraNoM ne pATha kiyA hai, ata: 'dhAri' dhAtu ke yoga meM 'maitrAya zataM dhArayati' prayoga meM 'ru ciktRpyarthadhAribhiH preyavikArottamaNeSu' 2 / 2/55 sUtra se 'uttamarNa' arthAt 'karaja lenevAlA ho aise vyaktivAcaka' zabda se caturthI vibhakti siddha hotI hai / jabaki AcAryazrI ke mata se karmakartari prayoga meM 'dhriyate zataM kartR tat dhriyamANaM kazcit prayuGkte' aisA vigraha karake bahula prakAra se 'Nic' pratyaya hone para yA svArtha meM 'Nic' pratyaya hone para 'dhAri' dhAtu banegA aura usake yoga meM caturthI siddha hotI hai| ___ jo dhAtuoM anya artha meM, anya vaiyAkaraNa dvArA prayukta hai, ve bhI yahA~ batAyeM haiM / udA. 'luTu Alasye ca', aisA pATha siddhahema meM hai, tathApi gati artha batAne ke lie 'lulu gatau' kA pATha punaH kiyA hai| anya vaiyAkaraNa dvArA prayukta Atmanepada batAne ke lie bhI yahA~ puna: pATha kiyA gayA hai| udA. 'kRt vikSepe' dhAtu kA 'dhAtUnAmanekArthatvam' nyAya se 'vijJAna' artha hotA hai| bahulAdhikAra se yA 'bahulametannidarzanam' vacanAnusAra 'Nic' pratyaya hokara 'kArayati' siddha hotA hai tathApi 'kArayate' aisA AtmanepadI rUpa siddha

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caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) 411 karane ke lie 'kRNi vijJAne' pATha candra nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa ne kiyA hai, usakA saMgraha bhI yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| ___ kucheka Agamika arthAt jaina dharmagraMtha-Agama meM prayukta ho, aise dhAtu bhI pAye jAte haiM / udA. -: 1. 'daTTa AcchAdane, daTitA paTTazAlA' // 1 // 2. 'vikurva vikriyAyAm', 'bhvAAde mino-' 2/1/63 se honevAlI dIrghavidhi anitya hone se, usake abhAva meM yahA~ 'vikurvati, vikurvitam, vikurvitvA' ityAdi prayoga hote haiM / // 2 // 3. 'kurva karaNe', pUrvokta dhAtu kI taraha dIrgha na hone para 'kurvati' prayoga hotA hai / yahI dhAtu 'vi' upasarga se yukta hone para ktvA' pratyaya hone para ('ktvA' kA yap Adeza hokara) 'vikuLa' prayoga hogA // 3 // 4. 'uSaNa nivAse' / yahI dhAtu akArAnta hai / 'NivettyAsa-'5/3/111 se 'pari'-upasarga se yukta isa dhAtu se 'ana' pratyaya hone para 'paryuSaNA' zabda hotA hai / // 4 // 5. 'yuhaM uddhrnne'| 'nir' upasarge se yukta 'yuha' dhAtu se 'kta' pratyaya hone para nirmUDham' prayoga hotA hai / // 5 // svo. nyA. -: anya vaiyAkaraNa dvArA prayukta parasmaipada ke lie bhI yahA~ pRthak pATha kiyA hai| udA. 'Saci secane' dhAtu kA 'dhAtUnAmanekArthatvam' nyAya se samavAya artha hotA hai aura 'sacate' rUpa hotA hai tathApi 'sacati' svarUpa parasmaipada karane ke lie candra vaiyAkaraNakRta 'saca samavAye' pATha kA yahA~ nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ___ 'iT' Agama ke udAharaNa isa prakAra jJAtavya hai -: jaise 'uSU-dAhe' dhAtu AcAryazrI ke mata se 'Udit' hone se 'ktvA' pratyaya para meM hone para vaha 'veT' hogA aura 'uSTvA ' tathA 'uSitvA' rU pa. hoMge tathA 'veT' hone se 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' pratyaya kI Adi meM 'iT' nahIM hogA, ataH 'uSTaH, uSTavAn' prayoga hoNge| jabaki anya vaiyAkaraNa use 'Udit' mAnateM nahIM hai, ataH 'uSa dAhe' pATha kiyA hai, ata: unake mata se 'ktvA' pratyaya kI Adi meM nitya 'iTa' hogA aura 'uSitvA' rUpa hogA / veTtva kA abhAva hone se 'kta, ktavatu' kI Adi meM nitya 'iT' hone se 'uSitaH, uSitavAn' rUpa hI hoMge / usI prakAra 'yamaM uparame' dhAtu ko AcAryazrI Udit mAnate haiM, ataH 'ktvA' pratyaya kI Adi meM vikalpa se 'iT' hone para 'yantvA, yamitvA' aise do rUpa hoMge / jabaki anya vaiyAkaraNa 'yam' dhAtu ko 'Udit' nahIM mAnateM haiM, ata: ve 'yamaM uparame' pATha karate haiM / unake mata se anusvAra kI it saMjJA hone se 'yantvA ' eka hI rUpa hogA / 'bhakSaNa adane' dhAtu se 'Nic' anitya hone se 'bhakSati' rUpa ho sakatA hai kintu 'bhakSate' svarUpa Atmanepada kI vizeSa siddhi karane ke lie 'bhakSI adane' svarUpa anya vaiyAkaraNakRta pATha bhI yahA~ batAyA hai / ataH yahA~ zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne nyAyArthamaJjUSA bRhadvRtti meM 'prAyaH' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / anta meM zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isa nyAya meM diye hue dhAtuoM kA, 21 zloka meM saMgraha kiyA

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412 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) hai / usameM zloka kra. 9 ke bAda, upajAti chaMda kaise banatA hai usakI samajha/spaSTatA dI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai| - pUrvArddha meM arthAt do caraNa meM bha gaNa aura ma gaNa hai, vaha vikrAMtA chaMda hai / tRtIya caraNa meM ta gaNa aura ya gaNa hai, vaha tanumadhyA chaMda hai aura cauthe caraNa meM sagaNa, bhagaNa aura guru akSara hotA hai, vaha vitAna chaMda hai| tInoM milakara isI zloka meM upajAti chaMda banA hai / uparyukta tInoM chaMda kA saMkara/samUha yahI upajAti chaMda hotA hai, aisA prAcIna mahApuruSoM kA kathana haiM, aisI bAta 'chandonuzAsana' meM batAyI gaI hai| bIsaveM zloka meM sAvitrI chaMda hai, usake pratyeka caraNa meM do bAra ma gaNa AtA hai| isa prakAra prathama vibhAga/vakSaskAra ke prArambha se lekara ginatI karane para, yahI 141 veM nyAya kI bRhadvRtti pUrNa huii| prazasti kAvya arthAt zloka meM dhAtuoM kA saMgraha (saMsaMgraha) kiyA gayA hai / 'saMsaMgRhItA' zabda meM 'propotsaMpAdapUraNe' 7/4/78 se saM upasargakA dvitva huA hai / udA. praprazAntakaSAyAgne-rUpopaplavavarjitam / 1 / udujjvalaM tapo yasya, saMsaMzrayata taM jinam // ityAdi meM pra, upa, ut aura saM kA dvitva siddha hai| (upaplava se rahita, jisakA kaSAya svarUpa agni zAMta huA hai, jisakA ujjavala tapa hai, vahI jinezvara prabhu kA Apa saba Azraya kareM / ) svo. nyA. :- zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne ina saMgraha zloka meM chanda ke anurodha se/kAraNa kahIM kahIM ra ke saMyoga kA alpaprayatnoccAryatva kiyA hai| udA. zloka kramAGka unnIsa meM 'dhra' saMyoga kA alpaprayatnoccAryatva 'ut' upasarga se yukta dhras dhAtu kI zaMkA ko dUra karane ke lie hai arthAt yahI alpaprayatnoccAryatva se jJApita kiyA hai ki yahA~ ud upasarga se yukta dhras dhAtu nahIM hai kintu svAbhAvika udhras dhAtu hai / nyA. ta. -: A. zrIlAvaNyasUrijI 'nyAyArtha taraMga' vRtti ke anta meM isa nyAya aura saMpUrNa 'nyAyasaMgraha' kA upasaMhAra karate hue kahate haiM ki isI 'nyAyasaMgraha' meM prAyaH 'zrI siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' meM batAye gaye sabhI nyAyoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, tathApi una saba se atirikta 'anekAntA anubandhAH, ekAntA anubandhAH, yathoddezaM saMjJAparibhASam, kAryakAlaM saMjJAparibhASam' ityAdi tathA 'sakRdgate sparddha yadbAdhitaM tadbAdhitameva' nyAya ke apavAda svarUpa 'punaH prasaGgavijJAnam' ityAdi nyAyoM kI pravRtti AcAryazrI ne bRhannyAsa ityAdi meM kI hai aura isa nyAyoM kI pravRtti mahAbhASya meM pataMjali ne batAyI hai, kintu lakSyAnusAra vyavasthA karane ke lie hI inhIM nyAyoM kA Azraya kiyA hone se, yahI antima nyAya meM hI una saba kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, ataH inake bAre meM jyAdA vivecana/vizleSaNa nahIM kiyA hai| 'punaH prasaGgavijJAnAt' nyAya kI vyAkhyA/vRtti meM zrInAgeza ne aise nyAyoM ke lakSyAnusAritva kA svIkAra kiyA hI hai| ***** zrIhemahaMsagaNi ne isI zloka se nyAyasaMgraha kI samApti kA sUcaka maMgala kiyA hai aura nyAyArthamaJjUSA bRhadvatti ke anta meM antima maMgala sUcaka 'siddha' zabda rakhA hai|

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413 caturtha vakSaskAra (nyAyasUtra kra. 141) iti kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcAryaviracitazrIsiddhahemazabdAnuzAsanasya paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNibhiH saGgRhIta 'nyAyasaGgrahe' pUrvadarzitASTAdazakasajAtIyasyaativistRtatayA vivecitasyaikasyaiva nyAyasvarUpasya caturtha-vakSaskArasya paNDita zrIhemahaMsagaNi kRta-svopajJa-nyAyArthamaJjUSAnAma bRhadvattezca svopajJanyAsasya ca tapAgacchAdhirAja-zAsanasamrATa AcArya zrIvijayanemisUrIzvarANAM paTTAlaGkAra AcArya zrIvijayalAvaNyasUrIzvaraiH sandRbdhaM nyAyArthasindhuM taraGgaM ca kvacit kvacidupajIvya zAsanasamrAT AcArya zrIvijayanemi-vijJAna-kastUra-yazobhadra-zubhaGkarasUriNAM paTTadhara AcArya zrIvijayasUryodayasUrIzvarANAM ziSya muni nandighoSavijayakRtaH savivaraNaM hindIbhASAnuvAdaH samAptaH / tatsamAptau ca samApto'yaM nyAyasaGgrahaH / iti zam

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pariziSTa - 1 nyAyasaMgrahasthanyAyAnAmakArAdyanukrameNa sUcIpatram / pRSThAGkaH nyAyaH pRSThAGkaH nyAyaH RtorvRddhimadvidhAvavayavebhyaH (RvarNagrahaNe lavarNasyA'pi) 10 194 343 279 230 adAdhanadAdyoranadAdereva 153 anantarasyaiva vidhiniSedho vA anityo Nic curAdInAm aninasmangrahaNAnyarthavatA'narthakena ca tadanta- 218 antaraGgaM bahiraGgAt 118 antaraGgAccAnavakAzam 138 antaraGgAnapi vidhIn yabAdezo bAdhate apavAdAt kvacidutsargo'pi apekSAto'dhikAra: 36 (abhidhAnalakSaNAH kRttaddhitasamAsAH syuH) 354 arthavadgrahaNe nA'narthakasya 42 arthavazAd vibhaktipariNAmaH 40 avayave kRtaM liGgaM samudAyamapi vizinaSTi- 303 asiddhaM bahiraGgamantaraGge 140 76 ekadezavikRtamananyavat ekazabdasyA'saGkhyAtvaM kvacit ekAnubandhagrahaNe na dvayanubandhakasya 95 ka kiM hi vacanAnna bhavati 353 kRtrimA'kRtrimayoH kRtrime kRte'nyasmin dhAtupratyayakArye pazcAd vRddhiH-237 kvacidubhayagatiH kvipi vyaJjanakAryamanityam 271 kvibantA dhAtutvaM nojjhanti zabdatvaM ca pratipadyante 296 kvibarthaM prakRtirevAha 348 ga gatikArakaGasyuktAnAM vibhaktyantAnAmeva- 256 gatyarthA jJAnArthAH 288 gAmAdAgrahaNeSvavizeSa 221 gauNamukhyayormukhya kAryasaMpratyayaH grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadantavidhiH 208 (grahaNavatA nAmnA na tadAdividhiH) A 132 177 179 269 68 AgamAt sarvA''dezaH AgamA yadguNIbhUtAstadgrahaNena gRhyante / (Agamo'nupaghAtI) Atmanepadamanityam AdazabhyaH saGkhyA sakhyeye vartate na saGkhyAne AdezAdAgamaH Adyantavadekasmin 262 210 131 14 Gittvena kittvaM bAdhyate 337 320 uktArthAnAmaprayogaH uNAdayo'vyutpannAni nAmAni utsargAdapavAdaH (upapadavidhiSu na tadantavidhiH) upapadavibhakteH kArakavibhaktiH upasargo na vyavadhAyI ubhayasthAnaniSpanno'nyataravyapadezabhAka R RkArApadiSTa kArya lakArasyApi 292 139 209 124 188 cakAro yasmAt parastatsajAtIyamevacAnukRSTaM nAnuvartate cAnukRSTena na yathAsaGkhyam Nic sanniyoge eva curAdInAmadantatA Nilopo'pyanityaH Nau yatakataM tatsarvaM sthAnivad bhavati 322 323 282 281 265 299 194 taddhitIyo bhAvapratyayaH sApekSAdapi tanmadhyapatitastadgrahaNena gRhyate 253 176

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pariziSTa - 1 nyAyaH tivA zavA'nubandhena ( te vai vidhayaH susaMgRhItA bhavanti yeSAM ) tyAdiSvanyo'nyaM nA'sarUpotsargavidhiH da dvandvAt paraH pratyekamabhisaMbadhyate dvitve sati pUrvasya vikAreSu bAdhako na bAdhakaH dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati dvau naJau prakRtamarthaM gamayataH dha nityAdantaraGgam nimittA'bhAve naimittikasyA'pyabhAvaH dhAtavo 'nekArthAH 286 dhAtoH svarUpagrahaNe tatpratyaye kAryavijJAnam 78 niranubandhagrahaNe na sA'nubandhakasya niranubandhagrahaNe sAmAnyena niravakAzaM sA'vakAzAt (nirdizyamAnasyaivA''dezAH syuH ) nyAyA: sthavirayaSTiprAyAH na na kevalA prakRtiH prayoktavyA nayuktaM tatsadRze na svarA''nantarye 140 nA'niSTArthA zAstrapravRttiH nA'nubandhakRtAnyasArUpyAnekasvaratvA'nekavarNa- 96 nAnvAcIyamAnanivRttau pradhAnasya 91 nAmagrahaNe prAyeNopasargasya na grahaNam 333 49 nAmagrahaNe liGgaviziSTasyA'pi nAmnAM vyutpattiravyavasthitA 289 136 84 parAdantaraGgaM balIyaH parAnnityam pRSThAGkaH 53 354 309 350 pa 236 268 319 346 81 64 93 160 120 226 355 340 134 parArthe prayujyamAnaH zabdo vatamantareNA'pi 318 parjanyavallakSaNapravRttiH 344 pUrvaM pUrvottarapadayoH kAryaM kAryaM pazcAt sandhikAryam pUrve'pavAdA anantarAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn 240 107 nyAyaH prakRtigrahaNe yaGlubantasyA'pi prakRtigrahaNe svArthikapratyayAntAnAmapi grahaNam prakRtivadanukaraNam 245 ( pratikAryaM saMjJA bhidyante ) pratyayalope'pi pratyayalakSaNaM kAryaM vijJAyate 341 pratyayApratyayayoH pratyayasyaiva 151 251 70 balavannityamanityAt bhAvini bhUtavadupacAraH bhUtapUrvakastadvadupacAraH pradhAnasya tu sApekSatve'pi samAsaH (pradhAnAnuyAyyapradhAnam ) 70 (pradhAnAnuyAyino vyavahArA: ) prAkaraNikA'prAkaraNikayoH prAkaraNikasyaiva 155 ba bha ya yatrA'nyat kriyApadaM na zrUyate tannA'stirbhavantIpara : yatropasargatvaM na saMbhavati tatropasargazabdena prAdayo yathAsaGkhyamanudezaH samAnAm 415 pRSThAGkaH 51 tasyaiva bAdhakaH yena vinA yantra bhavati tat tasyAnimittasyA'pi nimittam 14. p madhye'pavAdAH pUrvAn vidhIn bAdhante nottarAn 109 (mAnnAlAghavamapyutsavAya manyante vaiyAkaraNAH ) 354 20 116 29 26 ( yathoddezaM nirdeza:) yadupAdhervibhASA tadupAdheH pratiSedhaH yasya tu vidhernimittamasti nA'sau vidhirbAdhyate 110 yasya yenA'bhisaMbandho dUrasthasyA'pi tena saH 331 yAvat saMbhavastAvadvidhiH 313 yena dhAtunA yuktAH prAdayastaM pratyevopasargasaMjJAH yena nAprApte yo vidhirArabhyate sa 327 305 31 354 330 304 112 332

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416 nyAyasaMgraha (hindI vivaraNa) pRSThAGkaH 190 nyAyaH yena nAvyavadhAnaM tena vyavahite'pi syAt yaM vidhiM pratyupadezo'narthakaH sa vidhirbAdhyate vRd yvRdAzrayaM ca 110 123 245 le 166 172 335 nyAyaH pRSThAGkaH sa sakarApadiSTa kAryaM tadAdezasya sakadgate spardhe yadbAdhitaM tadabAdhitameva 232 saMjJA na saMjJAntarabAdhikA saMjJottarapadAdhikAre pratyayagrahaNe 201 sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaMsanniyogaziSTAnAmekApAye'ntarasyA'pyapAya: 88 saMbhave vyabhicAre ca vizeSaNamarthavat 315 samAsataddhitAnAM vRttirvikalpena 257 samAsAntAgamasaMjJAjJApaka 102 sarvannApi vizeSeNa sAmAnya bAdhyate sarvaM vAkyaM sAvadhAraNam 316 sarvebhyo lopaH sApekSamasamartham 250 sAmAnyAtideze vizeSasya nAtideza: sAhacaryAt sadRzasyaiva siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH susarvArdhadikzabdebhyo janapadasya svarasya husvadIrghaplutAH svaM rUpaM zabdasyAzabdasaMjJA svAGgamavyavadhAyi 182 strIkhalanA alo bAdhakAH striyAH khalanau 311 sthAnivadbhAvapuMvadbhAvaikazeSa 351 lakSaNapratipadoktayoH pratipadoktasyaiva grahaNam 406 lubantaraGgebhyaH 126 lopAt svarAdezaH 130 varNagrahaNe jAtigrahaNam varNaikadezo'pi varNagrahaNena gRhyate vArNAt prAkRtam 121 (vicitrA sUnnANAM kRtiH) 354 vicitrAH zabdazaktayaH vidhiniyamayovidhireva jyAyAn 342 vivakSAtaH kArakANi 34 (vizeSA'tidiSTo vidhiH prakRtA'dhikAraM na bAdhate) 37 vyAkhyAto vizeSA'rthapratipattiH za ziSTanAmaniSpattiprayogadhAtUnAMzIlAdipratyayeSu nA'sarUpotsargavidhiH 307 zuddhadhAtUnAmakRnnimaM rUpam zrutA'numitayoH zrauto vidhirbalIyAn 225 128 m 358 295 274 hasvadIrghApadiSTaM kAryaM na plutasya 199

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