Jain Sahitya me Shrikrishna Charit

Author(s): Rajendramuni
Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002083/1

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JJJJJJ jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa-carita De Nei Xiang Suo You JU JU Kai Kai Kai Kai JT JT prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI. jayapura, zrItAraka gurujaina granthAlaya udayapura 2233 Kai Kai Kai Kai Kai Kai "Shi . "

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zrIkRSNa kA carita vaidika sAhitya paramparA meM vistAra se nirUpita hai| jaina sAhitya meM bhI isa yuga puruSa kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai, parantu vaidika paramparA se kucha bhinna hai| jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa eka zlAdhanIya puruSa haiM / unakA jIvana bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke samparka se ahiMsA kI bhAvanA se otaprota hai ve vAsudeva hai / eka sAtvika gRhastha haiM, apane putra putriyoM evaM dharmapatniyoM ko saMyamasAdhanA kI preraNA dete hai prastuta zodha prabandha meM vidvAn lekhaka ne zrIkRSNa ke jIvana carita ke vibhinna pakSoM ko prAkRta Agama, saMskRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI jaina sAhitya meM varNita prasaMgoM ke AdhAra para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se prastuta kiyA hai aura navIna evaM maulika tathA prastuta karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| ar mUlya 100.00 Personal Use Only jainelibrary.org

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prAkRta bhAratI puSpa-76 jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa carita (prayAga dvArA sAhitya mahopAdhyAya upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha grantha) lekhaka upAcArya zrI devendra munijI ke suziSya zrI rAjendra muni zAstrI ema0e0, sAhityaratna, sAhitya mahopAdhyAya saMyojaka mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara prakAzaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura

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*prakAzaka devendrarAja mehatA saciva, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 3826, motIsiMha bhomiyoM kA rAstA, jayapura-302003 sampatti lAla boharA adhyakSa, zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala udayapura-313001 *prathama saMskaraNa 1961 *mUlya-100 ru0 *mudraka amara kampojiMga ejeMsI zAhadarA dillI-110.32

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samarpaNa zraddhAloka ke devatA parama pUjanIya sadguruvarya zramaNa saMgha ke upAcArya zrI devendra muni jI ma0 ke pAvana kara-kamaloM meM sAdara samarpita rAjendra muni

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prakAzakIya "jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa carita" pustaka prAkRta bhAratI puSpa 76 ke rUpa meM prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura evaM zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura ke saMyukta prakAzana meM prakAzita karate hue hameM AnandAnubhUti ho rahI hai| isa pustaka ke lekhaka zraddheya upAdhyAyavarya zrI puSkara muni jo mahArAja ke pautra ziSya upAcArya zrI devendra mani jI mahArAja ke ziSya haiN| zrI rAjendra mani jo eka adhyayanazIla evaM sAhityarasika haiN| niyamita rUpa se sAhitya lekhana kA bhI kArya karate rahe haiN| inako lagabhaga paccIsa pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| prastuta pustaka unakA zodha prabaMdha hai jise unhoMne sAhitya mahopAdhyAya ke lie prastuta kiyA thaa| hindI sAhitya sammelanahindI vizvavidyAlaya, prayAga ne inhe isa zodha prabaMdha para sAhitya mahopAdhyAya pada pradAna kiyA thA / lekhaka ne jaina sAhitya ko AdhAra mAnakara zrIkRSNa ke saMbaMdha meM jo kucha bhI saMdarbha prApta hote haiM unakA gahana parizrama pUrvaka saMkalana kara prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| zrIkRSNa ke sAtha bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAtha kA ananya saMbaMdha hone ke kAraNa bha0 neminAtha evaM ugrasena putrI rAjImatI ke saMdarbho kA bhI isameM samAveza ho gayA hai| lekhaka ne prastuta pustaka ko ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai jisameM unhoMne prAkRta jaina Agama sAhitya, Agametara prAkRta jaina sAhitya, saMskRta, apabhraMza bhASA meM racita kRSNa sAhitya, rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita sAhitya evaM maktaka sAhitya meM saMbhita saMdarbho ko prastuta karate hue zrIkRSNa kI mahanIyatA ko sagaurava pratiSThApita evaM pratipAdita kiyA hai| anta meM prathama pariziSTa meM bhAgavata purANAdi ke AdhAra para vaMza paricaya-tAlikAe~ evaM pariziSTa do meM rAdhA aura rAjImatI ke saMbaMdha meM bhI sundara vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai|

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(vi) jaina sAhitya meM nauveM vAsudeva zrI kRSNa kA kyA sthAna hai ? yaha samajhane ke lie prastuta pustaka atyanta upAdeya siddha hogI aisI hamArI mAnyatA hai| sampatti lAla boharA devendrarAja mehatA adhyakSa saciva zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, udayapura jayapura

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lekhakIya karmayogI zrIkRSNa kA pAvana puNya smaraNa, unakI madhura smRtiyA~ hamAre antamanisa ko Ananda vibhora kara detI haiN| ve yugapuruSa the| unakA jIvana kSIrasAgara kI taraha virAT hai| cAhe bAlyakAla leM, cAhe yuvAvasthA leM, cAhe vRddhAvasthA leM sarvatra madhuratA hai, katrtavyaniSThA hai| cAhe jaina paramparA ho, cAhe vaidika paramparA ho, cAhe bauddha paramparA ho, sabhI ne usa mahApuruSa ke guNoM kA utkIrtana kiyA hai / satya hai ki mahApuruSoM kI jIvana-gAthA dezAtIta aura kAlAtIta hotI hai| ve vyaSTi nahIM samaSTi hote haiM / unakA cintana aura jIvana vizAla hotA hai| usameM 'sva' aura 'para' kA bheda nahIM hotaa| ve sabake hote haiM aura saba unake hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki ve janmagata kula-paramparA se Upara uThakara 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakaM' ke paricAyaka bana jAte haiM / unakA jIvana sImAtIta hotA hai| ve sabhI ke lie Adarza hote haiN| unakI jIvana gAthAoM ko lipibaddha karane kA eka mAtra yahI uddezya hotA hai ki unake udAtta jIvana se mAnava preraNA prApta kre| zrIkRSNa ke jIvana ke vividha-prasaMga vaidika paramparA ke sAhitya meM vistAra se cacita haiN| unake bAlyakAla ko lekara vipula sAhitya nirmita huA hai| unakI yuvAvasthA aura rAsa lIlA ko lekara vidhi kaviyoM ne kamanIya kalpanA kI tulikA se unakA citraNa kiyA hai| ve rAjanIti-vizArada haiN| mahAbhArata ke yuddha ko TAlane ke. lie zAntidUta banakara jo unhoMne prayAsa kiye, ve Aja bhI preraNAprada haiN| zrIkRSNa vaidika paramparA meM viSNu ke avatAra ke rUpa meM rahe haiN| pUrNa kalA kA unake jIvana meM vikAsa huA hai / vaidika paramparA ke zrI kRSNa ke rUpa se jana-mAnasa bhalI-bhA~ti paricita hai| jaina sAhitya meM bhI zrIkRSNa kA nirUpaNa hai / yaha bAta bahuta kama loga jAnate haiN| mere pUjya gurudeva upAcArya zrI devendra muni jI ne 'bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana' grantha meM vistAra ke sAtha sarva prathama prakAza ddaalaa| taba jana-mAnasa ko jJAta huA ki jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa kA gaurava pUrNa sthAna hai| sAhityaratna parIkSA ke pazcAt jaba mahopAdhyAya parIkSA dene hetu vicAra ubuddha huA to maiMne jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa caritra para zodha kA kArya prArambha kiyA / aura, jyoM

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(viii) jyoM zodha karatA gayA tyoM-tyoM mujhe kaI ajJAta abhinava grantha bhI prApta hue; jinheM par3hakara merA mana mayUra nAca uThA aura hRdaya kamala khila uThA / 1 yaha smaraNIya hai ki vaidika paramparA ke zrIkRSNa kA jo rUpa hai usase jaina paramparA ke zrIkRSNa kA rUpa kucha pRthak hai / jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa eka zlAghanIya puruSa haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne unheM uttama puruSa kahA hai| prArambha se lekara jIvana kI sAndhya velA taka kisI bhI prakAra kI skhalanA unake jIvana meM nahIM hai| bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke samparka meM Akara unakA jIvana ahiMsA kI bhAvanA se ota-prota hai / maryAdA puruSottama rAma ke jIvana meM zikAra Adi kA prasaMga dekhane ko milatA hai para zrIkRSNa ke jIvana meM aisA koI prasaMga nahIM hai / vAsudeva hone ke kAraNa unheM 360 saMgrAma karane par3ate haiM, para ve yuddha premI nahIM haiM / ve sadA hI yuddha ko TAlane kA prayAsa karate rahe haiM / unhoMne kabhI bhI mAMsAhAra kiyA ho aisA prasaMga nahIM miltaa| ve pUrNa zAkAhArI the / vAsudeva hone ke kAraNa vividha sundariyoM ke sAtha vivAha unhoMne avazya kiyA thA, para ve bhoga ko zreSTha nahIM mAnate the / unhoMne apane putra-putriyoM va dharmapatniyoM ko saMyama sAdhanA grahaNa karane kI preraNA dI thI / jo saMyama sAdhanA svIkAra karate the unheM ve pUrNa sahayoga pradAna karate / ve pUrNa guNAnurAgI haiN| kisI ke bhI durguNa dekhanA unheM pasanda nahIM hai / unhoMne kutte ke camacamAte hue dAMtoM ko dekhakara prasannatA vyakta kI, kintu kIr3oM se kulabulAte hue tana kI ora unakA dhyAna nahIM gayA aura na bhayaMkara durgandha kI ora hI unhoMne dhyAna diyA / unakA jIvana paropakAra se maNDita hai / lar3akhar3Ate hue vRddha kI dayanIya sthiti dekhakara unakA hRdaya karuNA se AplAvita ho uThA aura unhoMne svayaM IMTa uThAkara eka jvalanta Adarza upasthita kiyA / ardhacakrI hone para bhI unake antarmAnasa meM mAtRbhakti atyanta prabala hai / ve mA~ ko namaskAra karate haiM aura mA~ kI vyathA ko dUra karane ke lie sAdhanA bhI karate haiM / unakA sampUrNa jIvana prakAza stambha kI taraha prakAzita hai / bhUle bhaTake jIvanarAhiyoM kA mArga-darzana detA hai / maiMne apane zodha-prabandha meM jaina prAkRta Agama sAhitya meM, prAkRta Agametara sAhitya meM, saMskRta, apabhraMza, hindI jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa kA caritra jahA~-jahA~ AyA hai, una sabhI granthoM kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se paricaya bhI diyA hai / kucha aise tathya bhI prastuta kiye haiM jo sarvathA navIna aura maulika haiM / zodha-prabandha likhane meM parama zraddheya pUjya gurudeva upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI ma0 aura gurudeva upAcArya zrI devendra muni jI ma0 kA satata sahayoga tathA mArgadarzana mujhe milA hai| pUnA ke DA0 na0 cI0 jogalekara jI nidezaka ne bhI mujhe samaya-samaya para sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| pUjanIyA mAtezvarI mahAsatI zrI prakAzavatI jI ma0 tathA jyeSTha bandhu zrI rameza muni jI, zrI surendra muni va DaoN0

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(ix) sAdhvI divyaprabhAjI kA hArdika sahayoga bhI mere sAhitya-lekhana ke lie sambala rUpa prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ke saciva zrI devendrarAja jI sA0 mehatA kA Agraha rahA ki prastuta grantha kA prakAzana prAkRta bhAratI ke dvArA ho / unake sneha bhare Agraha ko sanmAna dekara prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| pratibhAmUrti mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI ne bahuta hI zrama se grantha kA prUpha saMzodhana kara grantha ko sarvAdhika sundara banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, ataH unake prati maiM hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karatA hai| grantha kA adhikAdhika pracAra ho isa dRSTi se zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura kA sahayoga bhI isake prakAzana meM rahA hai| jJAta aura ajJAta rUpa meM jina-jina ke granthoM kA tathA lekhoM kA maiMne upayoga kiyA hai una sabhI ke prati apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ / AzA hI nahIM, pUrNa vizvAsa hai yaha zodha prabandha prabuddha pAThakoM ko rucikara lgegaa| jaina sAhityakAra virATa aura udAtta vicAroM ke dhanI the| unhoMne vipula parimANa meM vividha bhASAoM aura vividha viSayoM meM sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| sampradAyavAda, prAntavAda aura bhASAvAda se Upara uThakara satya tathya ko ujAgara kiyA hai| aise una sabhI prAcIna sAhityakAroM kA maiM upakRta huuN| maiM AzA karatA hU~ yaha grantha zodhArthiyoM ke lie mIla ke patthara kI taraha upayogI hogaa| jaina sthAnaka pAlI, 5 janavarI 1961 rAjendra muni 'zAstrI'

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prastAvanA vizva meM ananta prANI haiN| ina ananta prANiyoM meM manuSya bhI eka prANI hai kintu manuSya ina saba prANiyoM meM sarvazreSTha mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha buddhimAna/viveka-- mAna hai| viveka yA buddhi anya prANiyoM ke pAsa nahIM hai| yahI eka tattva aisA hai jo manuSya ko anya samasta prANiyoM se alaga karatA hai aura zreSThatA pradAna karatA hai, parantu saba manuSya bhI samAna nahIM hote / bauddhika dRSTikoNa se kucha manuSya uccakoTi ke vidvAna hote haiM, kucha ausata buddhi vAle hote hai aura kucha manda buddhi vAle hote haiN| kSamatA ke anusAra bhI manuSyoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| vargIkaraNa meM zAstrIya dRSTikoNa kI bAte karate haiM to sthAnAMgasUtra ke puruSajAta-sUtra ke anusAra "puruSa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM-nAma puruSa, sthApanA puruSa aura dravya puruSa / punaH puruSa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM -jJAna puruSa, veda puruSa aura cAritra puruSa / punaH puruSa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM-veda puruSa, cinha puruSa aura abhilApa puruSa / punaH puruSa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM-uttama puruSa, madhyama puruSa aura jaghanya puruSa / uttama puruSa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM-dharma puruSa (arahanta), bhoga puruSa (cakravartI) aura karmapuruSa (vAsudeva) / madhyama puruSa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiMugra, bhoga aura rAjanya / jaghanya puruSa tIna prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM-dAsa, bhRtaka aura bhaagiidaar|" uparyukta vargIkaraNa meM prAya: sabhI prakAra ke puruSa A jAte haiM / arahantatIrthaMkara dharmapuruSa ke antargata haiM, cakravartI bhoga puruSa haiM aura vAsudeva karmapuruSa haiN| vaidika paramparA meM 'vAsudeva' zrIkRSNa ke lie prayukta hotA hai-vasudeva ke putra hone se vAsudeva / kintu, jaina paramparA meM vAsudeva bhinna arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke Rddhimat sUtra ke anusAra RddhimAna arthAt vaibhavazAlI/ aizvaryazAlI manuSya pAMca prakAra ke batAe gaye haiM, yathA 1. arahanta, 2. cakravartI, 3. baladeva, 4. vAsudeva aura 5. anngaar| samavAyAMga sUtra ke anusAra vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 6 baladeva aura 6 vAsudeva hue aura bhAgAmI utsarpiNI kAla meM bhI 24

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tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 6 baladeva aura 6 vAsudeva hoMge / sandarbhita grantha meM inake nAmoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla meM 54-54 mahApuruSa hote haiM / ina caupana mahApuruSoM kA vistRta vivaraNa jaina sAhitya meM pAyA jAtA hai| AcArya zIlAMka ne to ina mahApuruSoM kI saMkhyA para Adhata 'caupanna mahApurisa cariyaM' kI racanA bhI kI hai| yadi isa caupana kI saMkhyA meM nau prati vAsudevoM kI saMkhyA aura jor3a dI jAve to mahApuruSoM kI yaha saMkhyA tirasaTha ho jAtI hai aura isa AdhAra para 'triSaSTi-zalAkA-puruSa-caritra' nAmaka grantha kI racanA huI / zrIkRSNa nauveM aura antima vAsudeva hue tathA ve bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke samaya hue| donoM eka hI parivAra meM he| ariSTanemi ke pitA samudravijaya aura zrIkRSNa ke pitA vasudeva-donoM bhAI the / zrIkRSNa mahAbhArata aura jaina paramparA ke granthoM meM pANDavoM ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| unakA vyaktitva ativirATa thA, alaukika thaa| unake isa alaukika vyaktitva kA jitanA varNana mahAbhArata meM huA hai, utanA jaina granthoM meM nahIM huA hai| yuddha rokane ke lie jaba zrIkRSNa zAntidUta banakara kauravoM kI sabhA meM hastinApura jAte haiM, to prasaMgAnusAra ve vahAM apane virATa rUpa kA pradarzana karate haiM / aise virATa rUpa kA varNana jaina granthoM meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| unake anya rUpoM/guNoM kA varNana lagabhaga samAna rUpa se jaina granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| jaina granthoM ke anusAra ve guNa-sampanna aura sadAcAra-niSTha the, atyanta ojasvI, tejasvI, varcasvI aura yazasvI mahApuruSa the| unheM odhabalI, atibalI, mahAbalI, apratihata aura aparAjita kahA gayA hai| unake zarIra meM apAra bala thA / ve mahAratna vajra ko bhI cuTakI se pIsa DAlate the|1 zrIkRSNa ke bAhya vyaktitva kA varNana karate hue sAhitya manISI upAcArya zrI devendra munijI zAstrI ne likhA hai ki zrIkRSNa kA zarIra mAna, unmAna aura pramANa pUrA, sujAta aura sarvAMga sundara thA / ve lakSaNoM, vyaMjanoM aura guNoM se yukta the| unakA zarIra dasa dhanuSa lambA thaa| dekhane meM bar3e hI kAnta, saumya, subhaga-svarUpa aura atyanta priyadarzI the| ve pragalbha dhIra aura vinayI the| sukhazIla hone para bhI unake pAsa Alasya phaTakatA nahIM thaa| unakI vANI gambhIra, madhura aura pratipUrNa thii| unakA ninAda krauMca pakSI ke ghoSa, zarad Rtu kI meghadhvani aura dundubhi kI taraha madhura va gambhIra thaa| ve satyavAdI the| unakI cAla madamatta zreSTha gajendra kI taraha lalita thii| ve pIle raMga ke kauzeya 1. bhagavAn ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa pR0 162 2. vahI, pR0 163

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(xii) vastra pahanA karate the| unake mukuTa meM uttama dhavala, zukla, nirmala kaustubha maNi lagI rahatI thii| unake kAna meM kuNDala, vakSasthala para ekAvalI hAra laTakatA rahatA thaa| unake zrIvatsa kA lAMchana thaa| ve sugandhita puSpoM kI mAlA dhAraNa kiyA karate the| __ ve apane hAtha meM dhanuSa dhAraNa karate the, ve durdhara dhanurdhara the| unake dhanuSa kI TaMkAra bar3I hI udghoSaNakara hotI thii| ve zakha, cakra, gadA, zakti aura nandaka dhAraNa karate the / UMcI garUr3a dhvajA ke dhAraka the| ve zatruoM ke mada ko mardana karane vAle, yuddha meM kIrti prApta karane vAle ajita aura ajitaratha the / etadartha ve mahArathA bhI kahalAte the| zrIkRSNa ke advitIya bahumukhI pratibhA sampanna vyaktitva kA digdarzana jJAtAsUtra ke 16veM adhyayana meM hotA hai| yaha vivaraNa unake amarakaMkA gamana ke sandarbha meM hai, jahAM ve draupadI ke uddhAra ke lie jAte haiN| unake amarakaMkA jAne kA prasaMga jaina itihAsa meM eka Azcarya ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| zrIkRSNa kA vyaktitva bahu AyAmI thaa| ve eka samAja sudhAraka the, to eka rAjanItijJa/kaTanItijJa bhI the / ve karmayogI the, to eka kuzala senApati aura sArathI bhI the / ve zAnti ke agradUta the, to yuddha meM pIche haTane vAle bhI nahIM the / ve gopAlaka the, kuzala nirmAtA the, saMgItajJa (bAMsurI vAdaka) the aura eka zreSTha upadezaka dArzanika bhI the / samAja sudhAraka ke rUpa meM unhoMne una dinoM pracalita andhavizvAsa aura thothI rUr3hiyoM kA virodha kara navIna mAnyatAoM kI sthApanA kI thii| yuddha ko TAlane aura samasyA kA zAntimaya samAdhAna karane ke lie unhoMne antima samaya taka prayAsa kiyA thA, kintu jaba yuddha karanA par3A to ve arjuna ke sArathI ke rUpa meM prastuta hue| yuddha ke maidAna meM jaba arjuna ne apane sammukha apane hI bandhu-bAMdhavoM ko dekhA to vaha yuddha vimukha ho gyaa| isa avasara para zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ko jo sAragabhita upadeza diyA vaha eka anupama grantha 'gItA' ke rUpa meM Aja sarvatra upalabdha hai| zrIkRSNa ne isa grantha meM AtmA kI ajara-amaratA aura niSkAma karma kA pratipAdana karate hue arjuna kI pratyeka zaMkA kA samAdhAna kara use yuddha ke lie prerita karate hue taiyAra kiyA thaa| gItA meM AtmA tathA karma viSayaka jo siddhAnta pratipAdita kie gae haiM, ve karIba-karIba jaina mAnyatAoM ke sadaza hI haiN| AtmA kI ajara-amaratA jaina darzana bhI svIkAra karatA hai aura karmoM ke anusAra phala prApti kI bAta ko bhii| parantu avatAravAda jaina darzana ko mAnya nahIM hai, jaisA ki gItA meM batAyA gayA hai ki 'jabajaba dharma kI hAni hogI maiM janma lUgA / ' 'maiM' kA tAtparya yahAM zrIkRSNa rUpI bhagavAna se hai| jaisA ki sarva vidita hai zrIkRSNa ko vaidika paramparA meM bhagavAna viSNu kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai| yahAM itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAbhArata kI pUrI

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(xiii) kathA bhI zrIkRSNa ke AsapAsa ghUmatI hai| zrIkRSNa ke abhAva meM mahAbhArata kA vivaraNa zUnya-sA pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra ve mahAbhArata kI kathA ke kI-mena (Key Men) haiN| isa kathA ke saba sUtra unake hAtha meM rahate haiM / lekina itanA hote hue bhI ve isa yuddha ko TAla nahIM sake / zAyada ve bhI isa bAta ko jAnate the| __ zrIkRSNa ke jIvana ke aneka rocaka prasaMga bhI haiN| unakA caMcala bAlapana vikhyAta hai| yauvana-kAlIna prasaMga bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| una sabase milakara unakA samasta vyaktitva atyanta AkarSaka bana gayA hai| ___ dvArikA nagarI kA aura zrIkRSNa kA gaharA sambandha hai / Aja bhI samudra meM dvArikA kI khoja kI jA rahI hai| usake kucha avazeSa milane ke bhI samAcAra haiM / dvArikA kI khoja karane vAle vidvAnoM ko cAhie ki isakI khoja jaina sAhitya ke sandarbha meM bhI karane kA prayAsa kreN| kAraNa ki jaina sAhitya meM bhI dvArikA kA vistAra se varNana upalabdha hotA hai| zrIkRSNa ke pUrva jo dvArikA thI, vaha samudra meM DUbI huI thI, usI sthAna para zrIkRSNa ke lie dvArikA kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| astu, isa dizA meM kucha racanAtmaka kArya karane kI apekSA hai, jisase vAstavikatA kA patA cala ske| zrIkRSNa para bahuta kucha likhA gayA hai / kAla-kramAnusAra pracalita bhASAoM meM vidvAnoM ne zrIkRSNa ke caritra para apanI lekhanI calAI hai| zrIkRSNa para svatantrarUpa se to likhA hI gayA, sAtha hI kaurava-pAMDavoM para jo sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai, usameM bhI zrIkRSNa para likhA gayA hai| kaurava-pAMDava gAthA meM zrIkRSNa kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| isake atirikta zrIkRSNa viSayaka vivaraNa loka-sAhitya meM bhI milatA hai, kintu samagra loka-sAhitya ko saMkalita kara pAnA bar3A kaThina kArya hai| Aja bhI aneka aise loka-gIta loka-kathAe haiM jo saMkalana se bAhara haiN| zrIkRSNa viSayaka lokasAhitya kA saMkalana aura adhyayana Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / sambandhita vidvAnoM ko isa dizA meM prayAsa karanA caahie| zrIkRSNa kA vyaktitva jitanA AkarSaka thA, utanA hI vyApaka unakA prabhAva bhI thA / lagabhaga sabhI dharmoM ke vidvAnoM ne una para apanI kalama calAI hai| jaina dharma meM bhI zrIkRSNa ko mahatva diyA gayA hai, kiMtu jisa rUpa meM hiMdU dharma meM unakA sthAna hai, usa rUpa meM nahIM / jaina dharma ke vidvAnoM ne zrIkRSNa viSayaka sAhitya kI bharapUra racanA kI, jo Aja hamArI amUlya dharohara hai| isa prakAra ke samagra sAhitya ko eka sthAna para saMkalita karanA bar3A kaThina kArya hai| yaha kArya sampanna kiyA hai, sAhitya vAcaspati ghamaNasaMghIya upAcArya zrI devendra munijI ma. sA. zAstrI ke suyogya ziSyaratna zrI rAjendra muni jI ne| zrI rAjendra muni jI ne kaThora parizrama karake 'jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa carita' nAmaka isa grantha kI racanA kI hai, jo unakI adhyayanazIlatA kA pratIka hai| prastuta grantha kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai

Page #16
(xiv) 'jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa carita' nAmaka isa grantha kI racanA nau adhyAyoM meM kI gaI hai| prathama adhyAya meM zodha kI anukUlatA batAI gaI hai aura pratipAdya viSaya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / isameM Apane viSaya kI vyApakatA ko svIkAra karate hue isa viSaya ko zodha ke anukUla batAyA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM zrIkRSNa viSaya para prAkRta jaina Agama sAhitya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai |is adhyAya ke prArambha meM Agama zabda kI paribhASA karate hue Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM para prakAza DAlA hai| isake pazcAt Agama sAhitya kA paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| inameM una sthaloM kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA gayA hai, jahAM zrI kRSNa viSayaka vivaraNa AyA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA binduvAra paricaya diyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM zrIkRSNa se sambandhita saMskRta jaina sAhitya kA vivaraNa prastata kiyA gayA hai| isameM kAvyoM aura mahAkAvyoM kA vistAra se paricaya dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM apabhraza jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA vivaraNa hai / SaSTha adhyAya meM prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta tathA hindI para AdhArita jaina zrIkRSNa kathA kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha adhyAya kAphI samRddha hai aura viSaya vivecana bhI yatheSTa rItyanusAra kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya meM hindI aura jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa-purANa sAhitya va anya sAhitya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya ke antargata samAhita sAhitya kI vistAra se carcA bhI kI gaI hai / AThaveM adhyAya meM hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra 'jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa carita' nAmaka isa zodha prabandha ke uparyata ATha adhyAyoM meM zrIkRSNa viSayaka jaina paramparA meM racita samasta jJAta sAhitya kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha munizrI kA zlAghanIya kArya hai| zrIkRSNa para zodha karane vAle adhyetAoM ke lie yaha grantha atyadhika sahAyatA pradAna karane vAlA siddha hogA, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / isI prakAra ke anya paramparAoM meM racita sAhitya para bhI yadi kArya kiyA jAtA hai to vaha upayogI hogA aura samasta bhAratIya paramparAoM meM zrIkRSNa para upalabdha sAmagrI eka sthAna para ekatra ho skegii| zrIkRSNa ke viSaya meM videzI vidvAnoM ne bhI jo kucha likhA hai, yadi use bhI isa prakAra ke sAhitya ke sAtha jor3a liyA jAye to vaha bhI upayogI hogaa|

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(xv) prastuta zodha prabandha kA antima nauvAM adhyAya hai, tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra / prArambha ke ATha adhyAyoM meM to munizrI ne zrIkRSNa viSayaka jaina paramparA ke upalabdha sAhitya kA paricaya prastuta kiyA hai, kintu isa antima adhyAya meM Apane apane adhyayana kA nicor3a prastuta kiyA hai jo isa zodha prabandha kA mahatvapUrNa bhAga hai| isa adhyAya kA eka mahattvapUrNa bhAga vaidika paramparA aura jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa kathA kA tulanAtmaka vivevana bhI hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana se aneka mahatvapUrNa binduoM kA samAdhAna to hotA hI hai, antara kA bhI jJAna ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI mAnyatA bheda bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isa pustaka ke pUrva munizrI kI aura bhI aneka pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| jinameM unakI vidvattA spaSTataH dRSTigocara hotI hai| usI kar3I meM yaha zodha prabandha munizrI ko eka gambhIra adhyetA ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai / maiM kAmanA karatI hUM ki munizrI kI lekhanI nirantara pravahamAna rahe aura ve isI prakAra ucca koTi ke grantharatna mAM bhAratI ke bhaNDAra kI abhivRddhi ke lie prastuta karate rheN| ujjvala bhaviSya kI kAmanAoM ke sAtha / jaina sAdhvI DaoN0 divyaprabhA ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0

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viSayAnukramaNikA adhyAya nAma 1. viSaya kI zodhAnukUlatA aura bhUmikA 2. prAkRta jaina Agama - zrIkRSNa sAhitya 3. prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya 4. saMskRta jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya 5. apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya 6. prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta tathA anya (hindI) para AdhArita jaina zrIkRSNa kathA kA vivecana 7. hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa sAhitya aura anya 8. hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya 6. tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra pariziSTa - 1 vaMza - paricaya tAlikAyeM pariziSTa 2 rAdhA aura rAjImatI sandarbha grantha-sUcI pRSThAMka 1-8 6-21 22-37 38-111 112-126 130-187 188-223 224-247 248-268 266-277 278-287 288-266

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viSaya kI zodhAnukUlatA aura bhUmikA viSaya kI zodhAnukUlatA zrIkRSNa "vAsudeva" vizva kI mahAnatama vibhUtiyoM meM agragaNya haiN| sAhitya jIvana kI samasta gatividhiyoM, svarUpoM aura pravRttiyoM kA darpaNa hotA hai| sAhitya hI samAja, saMskRti, darzana aura AdarzoM kA saphala vAhaka hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM kisI vibhUti ke varcasva kasauTI para zrIkRSNacarita sau-phIsadI kharA siddha hotA hai| isa deza meM sAhitya kI atyanta prAcIna aura ati samRddha paramparA rahI hai| zrIkRSNa isa paramparA meM AdyopAMta vidyamAna haiM / vaidika sAhitya se lekara adhanAtana sAhitya taka kI isa viSaya yAtrA meM hamArA sAhitya sadA gatimAna rahA hai| isa yAtrA meM aneka mor3a Ae, agaNita par3Ava Ae / pratyeka mor3a aura pratyeka par3Ava meM hameM zrIkRSNa ke darzana hote haiN| bhAratIya vAGmaya kA svarUpa badala gayA, kathya aura pramukha lakSyoM meM parivartana hote ge| kAvyarUpa aura kalevara bigar3ate banate gae, bhASAoM ke mAdhyama nava-navIna hote cale gae kintu kRSNa-caritra kI paraMparA askhalita aura akSa NNa banI rahI hai| vedoM meM va itara saMskRta sAhitya meM piMgala, apabhraza aura braja Adi sabhI bhASAoM meM zrIkRSNa saMbaMdhI vipula sAhitya racA gayA hai / yaha tathya isa bAta kA prabala dyotaka hai ki bhArata kA jana-jIvana kitanA kRSNamaya hai / loka jIvana para zrIkRSNa kA prabhAva atyanta gahana rUpa meM aMkita haiM--isakA pramANa hamArA loka sAhitya hai / bhArata ke loka jIvana aura bhAratIya saMskRti ko jitanI dUra taka zrIkRSNa carita prabhAvita kara pAyA hai, kadAcita utanA prabhAva kisI anya dizA se grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| samasta prAdezika bhASAoM kA sAhitya zrIkRSNa ke raMga se raMjita hai| zrIkRSNa ke AdarzoM.

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya nItiyoM aura AcaraNa meM eka-rasatA hai, eka AkarSaNa hai, eka samAjopayogitA hai / zrIkRSNa caritra kI lokapriyatA ke mUla meM yahI bAteM pramukha rUpa se haiN| bhArata meM vaidika mAnyatAoM ke atirikta anya bhI nAnA prakAra ke mata, vizvAsa, paMtha aura AdhyAtmika siddhAMta astitva meM rahe haiM aura Aja bhI haiM / inameM se adhikAMza ne apane-apane DhaMga me apane-apane AdarzoM ke anurUpa zrIkRSNa carita ko mahatva pradAna kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie bauddha dhArmika sAhitya meM bhI zrIkRSNa carita apane viziSTa rUpa meM milatA hai| para, mere adhyayana kA yaha viSaya nahIM hai / jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya apanI paramparAoM se aneka dRSTiyoM meM viziSTa koTi kA mAnA jA sakatA hai / bhAratIya vAGmaya kI vizada yAtrA ke sahacara ke rUpa meM jaina sAhitya kA ati garimAmaya sthAna hai| saMskRta sAhitya apanI zrI aura samRddhi ke lie nizcaya ho adbhuta mahattva rakhatA hai, kiMtu isake sAtha hI yaha bhI eka tathya hai ki jaina sAhitya ne saMskRta sAhitya kI zrI evaM samRddhi kI vRddhi meM ullekhanIya yogadAna diyA hai| jaina saMskRta sAhitya kI apanI nirAlI hI chavi hai aura usase samagra saMskRta vAGmaya ko eka adbhuta nikhAra milA hai| isake pazcAt bhI sAhitya ke pratyeka mor3a para hameM jaina sAhitya kI mahattA ke darzana hote haiN| apane isa vizAla sAhitya bhaMDAra meM jaina sAhitya ne zrIkRSNa carita ko jisa prakAra saheja kara rakhA hai usase svayaM usakI bhI garimA abhivadhita huI hai| zrIkRSNa kA vibhUtimatva yaha ati sAmAnya so dhAraNA hai ki zrIkRSNa vaidika paraMparA kI vibhUti hai aura vaidika sAhitya meM hI zrIkRSNa ke carita ko sthAna prApta huA hai| vAstavikatA isase bhinna hai| jaina sAhitya ko isa yathArtha ke pramANasvarUpa prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai jisameM zrIkRSNa carita ko atyanta mahattva aura vipulatA ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kI samagra nidhi pUre jaina sAhitya meM eka bar3A aMza vyApa letI hai| mere zodha adhyayana kA eka hetu isa jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA anuzolana karanA hai| yaha bhI pramukha rUpa se dhyAtavya hai ki jaina sAhitya ne eka anUThe DhaMga se hI zrIkRSNa caritra ko apanAyA hai| zrIkRSNa kA svarUpa jainAdarzoM evaM mAnya

Page #21
viSaya kI zodhAnukUlatA aura bhUmikA tAoM ke anurUpa hai| vaidika paramparA meM zrIkRSNa kA jo svarUpa hai, jaina sAhitya meM usakI hI anukRti milatI hogI yaha kalpanA bhrAMti hI siddha hogii| zrIkaSNa carita ko jaina vAGamaya meM jisa prakAra sthAna prApta haA hai, usakI gauravagAthA nirAlI hI hai| jaina vAGamaya kA Adi rUpa Agama grantha hai| ina Agama granthoM se hI kisI na kisI rUpa meM zrIkRSNa carita kA citraNa : Arambha ho gayA thaa| neminAtha aura zrIkRSNa 22 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke samakAlIna zrIkRSNa rahe haiN| zrIkRSNa ke tAU samudravijaya jI ke Atmaja hI bhagavAn ariSTanemi the| inake pazcAt 23veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha hue| taba kAlAntara meM isa avasarpiNI kAla ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA udabhava huaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI apane dharma kI zikSAoM aura siddhAMtoM kA pracAra adbhuta rIti se kiyA karate the| dhArmika siddhAMtoM ke pratipAdana ke prayatna meM va unake samarthana meM ve tatkAlIna pracalana prApta lokAkhyAnoM kA Azraya lete the / isa prakAra bhagavAna ke pravacanoM meM zrIkRSNa jIvana ke prasaMga bhI utara aae| yahA~ para yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bhagavAn ke lie zrIkRSNa prasaMga kA kabhI bhI lakSya nahIM rahA, ye prasaMga to sAdhana svarUpa svIkAra kie gae the, aura unakA sAdhya to jaina siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana aura pracAra hI thA, yahI sAdhya thaa| sAdhanA kA svarUpa sAdhyAnukUla hI hotA hai| asta, zrIkRSNa carita kA aisA svarUpa ubharA jo ki jaina dharma ke AdarzoM, nItiyoM aura siddhAMtoM ke anurUpa thaa| bhagavAn ke upadezoM ko lekhabaddha aura vizeSa krama yukta karane ke suniyojita prayatnoM ke pariNAma-svarUpa jainAgama grantha astitva meM Ae / AgamoM ke AdarzAnurUpa hI Agametara jaina sAhitya vikasita hotA calA gyaa| pariNAmataH samagra jaina sAhitya zrIkRSNamaya ho gyaa| jaina Agametara zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM bhI mere zodha viSaya kI sAmagrI A gayI hai| jaisA ki saMketita kiyA gayA hai zrIkRSNacarita ko eka viziSTa svarUpa meM jaina sAhitya ke dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, to yaha jijJAsA bhI bar3I sahaja aura svAbhAvika pratIta hotI hai ki vaha viziSTa svarUpa kauna sA hai ? jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa carita kI kyA vizeSatAeM haiM ? aura vaha vaidika paraMparA ke zrIkRSNa carita se kisa prakAra bhinna hai ? isa jijJAsA kI tuSTi anveSaNa,

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya gaveSaNa aura zodha kI apekSA rakhatI hai aura yaha apekSA bhI prastuta zodha kArya ke mUla meM eka sabala preraNA rahI hai| vastutaH jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa ke caritagata vaiziSTya aura unakA vaidika zrIkRSNa kI cAritrika vizeSatAoM ke sAtha ApekSika adhyayana gaveSaNA kA eka vyApaka paTa prastata kara detA hai| ina zodhoM ke pariNAma-svarUpa zrIkRSNa carita ke vibhinna AyAma to prakAzita hue hI haiM, sAtha hI jaina dharma ke aneka mUla siddhAMtoM ko bhI punarbala prApta huA hai jo ina vizeSatAoM ke mUla meM rahe haiM aura jinakI anurUpatA meM zrIkRSNa carita ke isa navya rUpa ko AkAra prApta haA hai| niHsaMdeha jaina sAhitya ke zrIkRSNa jaina mAnyatAoM ke dharAtala para avasthita parama zaktizAlI mahApuruSa haiM aura vaidika mAnyatAoM se bhinna svarUpa ke vAhaka haiN| vaidika paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa ko "vAsudeva" kahA gayA hai / jaina paraMparA meM bhI ve vAsudeva haiN| kintu, zrIkRSNa ke sAtha saMyukta kie gae isa apara nAma kA prayojana donoM mAnyatAoM meM bhinna-bhinna rahA hai / vasudeva ke putra hone ke nAte zrIkRSNa vaidika paramparA meM vAsudeva kahalAte haiN| isake viparIta jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa ko eka vizeSa prayojana se vAsudeva kahA jAtA hai / vAsudeva isa mAnyatA meM kisI vyakti vizeSa ke nAma ke rUpa meM prayukta nahIM huA hai| yahA~ yaha zrIkRSNa ke lie eka pada hai| vAsudeva jAtivAcaka saMjJA hai / vAsudeva eka varga vizeSa athavA zreNI vizeSa hai| vaidika paraMparA meM akele zrIkRSNa ko vAsadeva kahA gayA hai jabaki jaina paramparA meM vAsudevoM kI eka paraMparA rahI hai-jaise tIrthaMkaroM kI eka paraMparA hai| vAsudevoM kI isa paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa antima arthAt haveM vAsudeva haiN| spaSTa hai ki inake pUrva bhI 8 anya mahApuruSoM ko vAsudeva hone kA gaurava prApta ho cukA hai| jaise lakSmaNa vAsudeva ityAdi / yahA~ sahaja hI yaha jijJAsA punaH balavatI ho jAtI hai ki yadi vAsudeva koI pada athavA varga yA zreNI vizeSa hai to isa varga yA zreNI kI kyA vizeSatA hai ? vastutaH yaha jaina mAnyatA se saMbaddha eka viziSTa pakSa hai| parivartanazIla samaya ke sAtha-sAtha dharma bhI uttarottara utkarSa ko prApta karate hae apane carama stara para pahuMcakara AkarSonmukha hotA hai aura aMtataH punaH apakarSonmukha ho jAtA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra utkarSa aura apakarSa kAla ko kramazaH utsapiNI evaM avasarpiNI kAla ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai aura ina donoM ko milAkara eka kAlacakra kahA jAtA hai| pratyeka utsarpiNI va avasarpiNI kAla meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara paramparA rahatI hai| pratyeka paramparA meM 24 tIrthaMkara

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viSaya kI zodhAnukUlatA aura bhUmikA hote haiN| inake atirikta 12 cakravartI, 6 vAsudeva tathA 6 prativAsudeva hote haiM, aura 6 baladeva hote haiM, isa prakAra 63 zlAghanIya mahApuruSa pratyeka kAla meM hote haiN| vartamAna avapiNo kAla meM ina paramapUjya mahApuruSoM kA varNana "triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa carita" meM kiyA gayA hai / jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva haiM vAsudeva mahAna vIra aura aparAjeya hote haiN| ve 360 yuddha karate haiM aura kabhI parAjita nahIM hote haiM / 20 lAkha aSTApada jAnavaroM kI tAkata zakti rakhane vAle vAsudeva kabhI bhI apanI zakti kA durupayoga nahIM karate / balazAlI hokara bhI ve upAsya nahIM hote| upAsya to kevala tIrthaMkara hI hote haiM aura svayaM vAsudeva bhI tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA karate haiN| vAsudeva apane samaya ke sarvazreSTha adhinAyaka hote haiM / adhyAtma kSetra meM nidAnakRta hone ke kAraNa ve cauthe guNasthAna se Age nahIM bar3ha paate| tIrthaMkaratva kI sarvocca AdhyAtmika upalabdhi unake lie saMbhava nahIM hotI / pratyeka vAsudeva ke pUrva koI prativAsudeva hotA hai, jisakA tIna khaNDoM para Adhipatya hotA hai, aura jIvana ke antima bhAga meM vaha sattA aura zakti ke mada meM unmatta rahane lagatA hai| aisI sthiti meM prativAsudeva anyAyI aura atyAcArI ho jAtA hai| isa atyAcAra ko samApta karane evaM durbalajanoM kI rakSA karane ke lie vAsudeva usase yuddha karatA hai aura prativAsudeva kA vinAza hotA hai / vAsudeva hI prativAsudeva ke trikhaMDa sAmrAjya kA svAmI ho jAtA hai| zrIkRSNa vAsudeva the / jarAsaMdha prativAsudeva thaa| baladeva sadA vAsudeva kA sahAyaka hotA hai aura isa tripuTI meM balarAma hI baladeva the| jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa kA carita svarUpa isI prakAra vAsudeva ke rUpa meM ubharA hai| ve parAkramI zaktizAlI aura zUravIra haiM / vAsudeva ke rUpa meM zrIkRSNa mahApuruSa vAsudeva hone ke nAte jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa upAsya nahIM apitu tIrthaMkara ke upAsaka haiM / isake viparIta zrIkRSNa vaidika paramparA meM ArAdhya haiM, upAsya haiN| ve bhAgavata dharma ke pravartaka haiM / ve viSNu ke avatAra haiN| zrIkRSNa nirAkAra paramAtmA ke saguNa rUpa haiM / avatAravAda kA mUla AdhAra yahI rahA hai ki paramAtmA duSToM ke dalana evaM durbaloM ke rakSaNa hetu mAnava deha dhAraNa kara dharatI para avatarita hote haiM / manuSya to isa paramparA meM Izvara nahIM bana

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya sakatA, parantu Izvara avazya manuSya bana sakatA hai aura dharma kI punarsthApanA karatA hai| vAsudeva ke rUpa meM zrIkRSNa ko mAnya samajhane vAlI jaina paramparA unheM avatAra nahIM maantii| jaina paramparA avatAravAda ko hI svIkAra nahIM krtii| yaha paramparA uttAravAda kA samarthaka va avatAravAda kI virodhaka rahI hai| AdhyAtmika kSetra ke ziromaNI tIrthakara bhI avatAra nahIM mAne jAte / jaina darzana meM to manuSya hI sarvopari mahattA saMpanna hai / Izvara kI parikalpanA jaina darzana meM kabhI nahIM rahI hai| manuSya hI sanmArgAnusaraNa se uttarottara unnata hotA huA caramasthiti kA lAbha kara sakatA hai| jaina dharma uttAravAda kA virodhaka nahIM hai / vaidika paramparA meM Izvara mAnavadeha dhAraNa kara Upara se nIce kI ora AtA hai, nivRtti se pravRtti kI ora bar3hatA hai, nirvikAra se vikAra kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isake viparIta jaina paramparA meM manuSya nIce se Upara kI ora bar3hatA hai, pravRtti se nivRtti kI ora, vikAra se nirvikAra kI ora agrasara hotA hai| yaha bhI mere zodha adhyayana ke aMtargata AyA hai| isa dRSTi se jainAdarzoM ko zrIkRSNa caritra meM bhinna-bhinna bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM kisa prakAra apanAyA gayA hai yaha bhI eka khoja kI dizA ho sakatI hai / mere sAmane jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kI adhyetavya sAmagrI prAkRta Agama, prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya aura saMskRta tathA apabhraza jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya rahA hai| ataH maiMne apane anuzIlana kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se isa zodhAdhyayana ke isa viSayapraveza ke atirikta kula nau adhyAyoM meM isa zodha sAmagrI ko vibhAjita kiyA hai| inake samagra adhyayana se yaha bikharA huA jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya eka upayogI dizA nirdeza kara zrIkRSNa ke adhyayana meM eka nayA mArga prazasta kara sakatA hai| isIlie isI gaveSaNA ke sUtra ko pakar3akara maiM apane zodhAdhyana meM pravRtta huaa| eka jaina muni hone ke nAte bhI isa jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya se jainAdarzoM kA adhyayana karane meM merI svAbhAvika ruci bhI rahI thI jisane mujhe isake anuzIlana kI preraNA dI / jaisA meM pUrva meM kaha cukA haM maiMne apane zodha kA Arambha isakI zodhAnukUlatA ke kAraNa sahita isa adhyAya meM batAkara dvitIya adhyAya meM prAkRta jaina Agama zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA anuzIlana prastuta kiyA hai|

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viSaya kI zodhAnukUlatA aura bhUmikA tRtIya adhyAya meM maiMne prAkRta Agametara zrIkRSNa sAhitya ko parakhA aura samajhA hai tathA apane tathya prastuta kara die haiN| caturtha adhyAya meM kucha vistRta rUpa meM saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya kI maiMne gaveSaNA kI hai tathA kucha apane niSkarSa bhI prastuta kara die haiN| paMcama adhyAya meM maiMne apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA Alor3ana karate hae jo tathya hAtha lage unakA adhyayana prastuta kara diyA hai| isa taraha mere pAsa jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kI aba taka bahuta sI aisI sAmagrI prastuta ho gaI thI jisake AdhAra para ina jaina AyAmoM ke sAtha meM Agama, Agametara, purANa carita, mahAkAvya jaise kathAnakoM se prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM upalabdha jaina zrIkRSNa kathA ko saMkSipta rUpa se upalabdha kara sakatA thA / SaSTha adhyAya meM maiMne yahI kArya kara diyA hai / aisA karate hue maiMne isa kathA ke saMdarbha bhI yathAsthAna de die haiN| ___ saptama aura aSTama adhyAyoM meM maiMne kramazaH hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa aura pUrANa sAhitya kA aura hindI jaina zrIkaSNa muktakakAvyoM kAanuzIlana prastuta kiyA hai / donoM adhyAyoM ke aMta meM maiMne apanI khoja meM upalabdha tathyoM aura niSkarSoM ko bhI de diyA hai| navama adhyAya meM maiMne upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM apane zodhAtmaka niSkarSoM ko dekara eka tulanAtmaka tathyaparaka vivecana prastuta kara diyA hai| aMta meM tIna pariziSToM meM maiMne kramazaH jaina zrIkRSNa kathA ke saMdarbha meM (1) bhaugolika paricaya, (2)vaMza paricaya (3) rAja aura rAjanIti aura anta meM (4) saMdarbha grantha sUcI de dI hai / isa taraha mere zodha kArya kI yaha vinamra bhUmikA hai| zrIkRSNa caritra ko pratipAdya viSaya banAkara jaina lekhakoM ne eka dIrgha paramparA meM ise sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM meM vizeSataH caritra mahAkAvyoM, paurANika mahAkAvyoM, khaNDakAvyoM aura sphuTa yA muktaka kAvyoM ke rUpoM meM ise prastuta kiyA hai / isameM zrIkRSNa ke sAtha 22 veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi yA neminAtha, balarAma, pradyumna, gajasukumAla, jarAsaMdha, kaMsa, rukmiNI aura paMca pAMDavoM kA bhI samAveza hai| ina pramukha pAtroM ke sAtha anya gauNa pAtra bhI aneka Aye haiN| inakA yathAsaMbhava yathAsthAna maiMne apane isa zodha prabaMdha meM yathocita DhaMga se vivecana prastuta kara diyA hai| jaina dArzanika dRSTi jIvana meM saMyama, vairAgya sikhAkara, mokSagAmI banAkara kaivalya kI prApti karAtI hai| isa adhyayana meM zrIkRSNa caritra ke saMdarbha-saMparka meM jo pramukha aura gauNa pAtra Ae

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya haiM ve adhikatama aise haiM jo isa dhyeya patha para agrasara hue haiM aura use prApta kara cuke haiN| viSaya ati vyApaka hai aura nizcaya hI zodhakArya ke anukUla bhii| ataeva isake sarva saMbhAvita pakSoM ko pUrNataH vyavasthita kara pAnA eka kaThina kArya hai| sAre jaina srotoM kA Azraya lete hue unheM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa carita kA eka sarvapakSIya citra prastuta karane kA prayatna yahA~ para kiyA gayA hai| prastata zodha prabaMdha jaina jainetara sabhI ke lie viziSTa lAbhakArI pratIta hogA isI meM zodhakArya kA sAphalya bhI nirbhara hai, aisI merI vinamra dhAraNA hai|

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prAkRta jaina Agama-zrIkRSNa sAhitya bhAratIya jana mAnasa meM kRSNa kA vyaktitva aneka rUpoM meM AyA aura ubharA hai| isameM kRSNacaritra kA jo tAnA-bAnA gUMthA gayA usameM vaidika, bauddha aura jaina vicAra ke anusAra hI kRSNa ke vyaktitva meM aneka raMga aura aneka vizeSatAeM Akara ke ghalamila gaI haiN| isa paristhiti meM zodhakartA ke sAmane aneka samasyAeM khar3I ho jAtI haiN| kRSNacaritra aura usake jIvana ke prasaMga bhinna-bhinna bhASAoM meM aura bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM saMgrahIta hue haiN| isalie usakA eka sUtrabaddha vikAsa krama prastuta karanA eka kaThina kArya hai / zodha kI apanI eka viziSTa paddhati haA karatI hai| zodhaka jisa paddhati ko lekara apanA zodhakArya Age bar3hAnA cAhatA hai usameM kucha AdhArabhUta tathya lekara calanA par3atA hai| maiMne apane viSaya praveza meM isa zodha viSaya ke mahatva ko AMkA hai / yahA~ para isa adhyAya meM maiM prAkRta Agama jaina sAhitya meM "zrIkRSNa" isa vikAsa kA anuzIlana prastuta kara rahA huuN| yahAM para 'Agama' zabda jaina sAhitya meM eka vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai| isalie prathama Agama zabda kI paribhASA aura usakI vyApti para maiMne vicAra kiyA aura bAda meM Agama ke jina paryAyoM kA prayoga jaina sAhityakAroM ne kRSNa jIvana ke prasaMgoM aura jaina tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi ke jIvana ke prasaMgoM ke sAtha kiyA hai aura use lekara zrIkRSNa ke vyaktitva ke sAtha milAyA hai| isameM kucha guNa sAmya hai, kucha guNa sAmarthya sAmya aura kucha apanI vizeSatAeM aura vaiSamya bhii| ina saba ko Agama aura Agametara kI bhinna-bhinna vidhAoM meM jaina sAhityakAroM ne sarjita kiyA hai| inakI bhASA prAkRta rahI haiN| yahA~ para meM kevala 'Agama' ko lekara hI apanI bAta khuuNgaa| Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA vivecana tRtIya adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa|

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya Agama zabda-mImAMsA Agama zabda "A" upasarga aura gama dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai| "A"" upasarga kA artha samaMtAt arthAt pUrNa hai tathA gam dhAtu kA artha gati prApta karanA hai| 'Agama' zabda kI aneka paribhASAeM AcAryoM ne kI haiM, jese : (1) jisase vastutva yA padArtha rahasya kA parijJAna ho jAya vaha Agama (2) jisase padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna ho vaha Agama hai|' (2) jisase padArthoM kA paripUrNatA ke sAtha maryAdita jJAna ho jAya vaha Agama hai| (4) Aptavacana se utpanna artha yA padArtha jJAna Agama kahalAtA hai| (5) Apta kA kathana Agama hai|' (6) upacAra se Aptavacana bhI Agama mAnA jAtA hai| jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai, vaha 'zAstra-Agama', 'zru tajJAna' kahalAtA hai| Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabda mUla vaidika zAstroM ko jaise veda aura bauddha zAstroM ko jaise piTaka kahA jAtA hai, vaise hI jainazAstroM ko 'zru ta' 'sUtra' yA 'Agama' kahA jAtA hai / jainAgamoM meM darzana aura jIvana kA AcAra evaM vicAra kI bhAvanA 1. AsamantAt gamyate vastutattvamanenetyAgamaH / 2. Agamyate maryAdayA'vabudhyante'rthAH anenetyAgamaH-ratnAkarAvatArikAvRtti / 3. A-abhividhinA sakalazrutavidyAvyAptirUpeNa maryAdayA vA yathAvasthitarUpayAgamyante-paricchidyante arthAyane sa AgamaH / -Avazyaka malayagirivRtti; nandIsUtravRtti / 4. aagcchtyaacaaryprmpryaarthaavdhaarnnmityaagmH| -siddhasenagaNIkRta-tattvArthabhASyAnusAriNI TIkA 5. AptopadezaH zabdaH -nyAyasUtra 1-17 / 6. AptavacanAdAvirbhUtamarthasaMvedanamAgamaH upacArAdaptavacanaM ca / -syAdvAdamaMjarI-2 zlo0 TIkA

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prAkRta jaina Agama zrIkRSNa sAhitya tathA kartavya kA jaisA sundara samanvaya huA hai vaisA anya sAhitya meM durlabha Ajakala 'Agama' zabda kA prayoga adhika hone lagA hai kintu atIta kAla meM 'zru ta' zabda kA prayoga adhika hotA thaa| zru takevalI, zru tasthavira jaise zabdoM kA prayoga bhI AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai| kintu kahIM para bhI Agama kevalI yA Agama-sthavira kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| sUtra , graMtha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Agama, Aptavacana, aitihya AmnAya aura jina vacana, zru ta ye sabhI zabda Agama ke ho paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya iMdrabhUti gautama ne isa jinavANI ko 12 aMga graMthoM tathA 14 pUrvo ke rUpa meM saMyojita kiyA thA / aMga graMthoM tathA pUrvo ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : 12. aMga-graMtha-AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatI), jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra, dRSTivAda / 14 pUrva-utpAdapUrva, agrAyaNIyapUrva, vIryapravAda, astinAstipravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, karmapravAda, pratyAkhyAnapravAda, vidyAnuvAda, avaMdhya, praNAyu, kriyAvizAla, lokbindusaar| jo muni uparokta sampUrNa vANI kI avadhAraNA kara sakA use zrutakevalI kahA gyaa| zra takevalI zabda se yaha pratibhAsita hotA hai ki jina vANI prArambha meM zru tarUpa meM hI surakSita rhii| jisa prakAra veda-vedAMga lambe samaya taka zra ti-rUpa meM bane rahe / yahI sthiti prAraMbha meM jaina sAhitya kI banI rahI / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki zru takevalI hue haiM jinameM se bhadrabAhu aMtima the|10 7. sA sijjhai jeNa vayaM satthaM taM bA visesiyaM nANe / Agama eva ya satthaM AgamasatthaM tu suyanANaM / 8. nandIsUtra--vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA0 446 6. suyasuttagantha-siddhatapavayaNe ANavayaNauvaese paNNavaNNa Agame yA ekaTThA pajjavA sutta-anuyogadvAra, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 10. prabhavasvAmI, zayambhava, yazobhadra, sambhUtivijaya aura bhadrabAhu (zvetAmbara paraparA-- nusAra)

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12 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya bhadrabAhu ke samaya yAni I0pU0 325 meM magadha meM 12 varSa kA duSkAla par3A thA, usa samaya sasaMgha bhadrabAhu magadha se prasthAna kara gaye the| dubhikSa ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu kI anupasthiti meM munivara sthUlabhadra ke sAnnidhya meM pATalIputra nagarI meM lupta hote jA rahe AgamoM kI gaMbhIra samasyA ko lekara muni-sammelana Ayojita kiyA gayA thaa| isameM lupta hote jA rahe AgamoM ko vyavasthita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| isa prayAsa krama meM 11 aMga hI ekatrita kie jA ske| 12vAM dRSTivAda tathA 14 pUrvo kA jJAna niHzeSa ho ge| jo aMga ekatrita kie gae unheM lekara bhI matabheda khar3e hue ki ye prAmANika haiM yA nhiiN| bhadrabAhu ke sAtha magadha se jo sAdhusaMgha calA gayA usane prAmANikatA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura isa prakAra sUtroM kI prAmANikatA ko lekara do bhAgoM meM yaha saMgha vibhakta ho nyaa| eka varga (zvetAmbara saMpradAya) 11 aMgoM ko prAmANika mAnatA hai to dUsarA varga (digaMbara saMpradAya) saMpUrNa Agama sAhitya ko vicchinna mAnatA huA ise asvIkAra karatA hai / yaha saMpradAya AgamoM ke AdhAra para racita katipaya graMthoM ko Agama sAhitya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai|12| ye graMtha kramazaH isa prakAra haiM : (1) SaTakhaNDAgama-isakI racanA prAkata bhASA meM AcArya dharasena ke ziSya AcArya bhUtabali ne aura AcArya puSpadanta ne vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yAne I0 san dUsarI zatAbdI meM kii| (2) kaSAya prAbhRta-isake racanAkAra AcArya guNadhara ne lagabhaga isI samaya isakI racanA kii| (3) mahAbandha-yaha SaTkhaNDAgama kA hI aMtima khaNDa hai| isake racanAkAra AcArya bhUtabali haiN| (4) dhavalA tathA jayadhavalA-inake TIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya haiN| ye prathama do graMthoM kI TIkAeM haiN| Arya-viSNunandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, AcArya-govardhana, bhadrabAhu (digaMbara paraMparAnusAra) dekheM-jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, khaNTha 2 pR0 315 le0 AcArya hastimalajI mahArAja, jayapura 11. jaina dharma-paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI, pR0 40-50 12. jaina dharma-le0 paM0 kailAzacandazAstrI, pR0 246,45

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prAkRta jaiga Agama zrIkRSNa sAhitya (5) siddhAntoM ke parama marmajJa kundakundAcArya ne bhI mala AgamoM ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara kaI graMthoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai jinameM se pravacanasAra samayasAra, paMcAstikAya tathA vibhinna pAhuDa grantha samaya-samaya para Agama granthoM kA saMkalana hotA rahA hai jo kramazaH isa prakAra jAnA jA sakatA hai (1) prabhu mahAvIra nirvANa ke 160 varSa bAda (I0 pU0 san 267 meM) sthalabhadrAcArya ke sAnnidhya meM huaa| (2) I0 san 327-340 ke madhya mathurA meM skandilAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM huaa| (3) I0 san 453-466 ke madhya vallabhI meM AcArya devaddhi gaNI kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM huaa| vartamAna meM upalabdha saMkalana AcArya devadhi gaNI kI adhyakSatA meM Ayojita zramaNa samudAya (I0 sana 453 se 466 sthAna vallabhInagara kAThiyAvADa) dvArA kiyA gayA thaa| astu, zvetAmbara saMpradAya dvArA mAnya kiyA jAne vAlA Agamika sAhitya prabha mahAvIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa bAda saMkalita huA thaa| mUla Agama sAhitya 11 aMgoM ke rUpoM meM hI avaziSTa samajhA jA sakatA hai / paranta, mala AgamoM ke Azaya ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara anekoM AcAryoM ne jo grantha va TIkAeM likhI haiM ve Agamika sAhitya meM ginI jAtI haiN| isa prakAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAta Agamika sAhitya kI vRddhi hotI rhii| vallabhI meM Ayojita samaya meM Agamika sAhitya ke granthoM kI saMkhyA 84 taka pahuMca gayI thI, jinake nAma nandosUtra meM nimna rUpa se haiN|13 aMgagraMtha AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatIsUtra, jJAtAdharma-kathA, upAsakadazA, aMtakRddazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra, dRSTivAda (vilupta ho gyaa|) 13. jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, le0 devendramuni zAstrI, pR0 14 prakAzaka-tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura /

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14 upAMga aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, sUryaprajJapti, caMdraprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, nirayAvalikA (kalpikA) kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA, vRSNidazA / mUlasUtra sUtra / chedasUtra jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandIsUtra, anuyogadvAra sUtra, Avazyaka bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, dazAzru taskaMdha, nizItha, mahAnizItha, paMcakalpa / prakIrNaka catuHzaraNa, AturapratyAkhyAna, bhakta parijJA, saMstAraka, taMdula vaicArika, caMdravaidhyaka, deveMdrastava, gaNividyA, mahApratyAkhyAna, vIrastava, ajIvakalpa, gacchAcAra, maraNasamAdhi, siddhaprAbhRta, tIrthodgAlika, ArAdhanApatAkA, dvIpasAgara prajJapti, jyotiSakaraMDaka, aMgavidyA, tithiprakIrNaka, piNDaniryukti, sArAvalI, paryantasAdhanA, jIvavibhakti, yoniprAbhRta, vRddhacatuHzaraNa, jambU payannA / cUlikA aMgacUlikA, vaMgacUlikA / niryuktiyA~ Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyana, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, dazAzru taskaMdha, kalpasUtra, piNDa, ogha, saMsakta / zeSasUtra kalpasUtra, yatijItakalpa, zrAddhajItakalpa, pAkSikasUtra, khAmaNAsUtra, vaMdittasUtra, RSibhASitasUtra / vartamAna sthiti meM zvetAMbara jainoM ke vibhinna saMpradAyoM meM bhI Agamika sAhitya kI saMkhyA ko va prAmANikatA ko lekara mataikya nahIM hai,

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prAkRta jaina Agama zrIkRSNa sAhitya 15 zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka inameM se 45 AgamoM ko va zvetAMbara sthAnakavAsI 32 ca terApaMthI 32 AgamoM ko mAnya karate haiM, jo nimna haiM zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka inako mAnate haiM - 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUla, 6 chedasUtra, 10 prakIrNaka, 2 cUlikAsUtra kula 45 haiM / zvetAMbara sthAnakavAsI va terApaMthI nIce diye Agama mAnate haiM11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUla, 4 cheda, 1 Avazyaka kula 32 haiM / ina AgamoM meM se zrIkRSNa caritra kI dRSTi se nimnalikhita 7 sUtroM kA pramukha sthAna hai : - (1) sthAnAMga, (2) samavAyAMga, (3) jJAtAdharma kathA, (4) antakRddazA, (5) prazna- vyAkaraNa, (6) nirayAvalikA, (7) uttarA dhyayana | AgamoM meM zrIkRSNa ke caritra kI dRSTi se nimnokta AgamoM kA pramukha sthAna hai (1) sthAnAMga sthAnAMga sUtra ke AThaveM adhyAya meM zrIkRSNa saMbaMdhI prasaMga varNita hai / isa adhyAya meM zrIkRSNa kI AThoM paTarAniyoM kA arthAt agramahiSiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / ina agramahiSiyoM ke nAma yahA~ para die gae haiMpadmAvatI, gaurI, lakSmaNA, susImA, jAmbavatI, satyabhAmA, gAMdhArI aura rukmiNI / 14 (2) samavAyAMga isa caturtha sUtra meM 54 uttama puruSoM kA varNana hai / ina zlAghanIya zalAkA puruSoM meM zrIkRSNa kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / vAsudeva ke rUpa meM pratiSThita zrIkRSNa dvArA tatkAlIna prativAsudeva jarAsaMdha ke vadha kA 14. kaNhassa NaM vAsudevassa aTTha aggamahisio araho NaM ariTThanemissa aMtie muMDA bhavettA agArAo aNagAriyaM pavvaiyA siddhAo - jAva savvadukkhapahINAo taM jahA - paramAvai, gaurI, gaMdhArI, lakkhaNA, susImA, jaMbavaI, saccabhAmA, ruppiNI, sugagga mahisio | - sthAnAMga a0 8 sUtra 626, pR0 387, saMpAdaka - pUjya kanhaiyyAlAlajI kamala, Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sANDerAva (rAja0) akTUbara 1972 /

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya samavAyAMga sUtra meM vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai / vAsudeva prativAsudeva kA AcaraNa bhI varNita hai / vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva paraspara pratidvaMdvI hote haiN| prativAsudeva atyAcArI, duSTa va prajApIDaka hotA hai| vAsudeva dvArA prati vAsudeva kA hanana hotA hai aura isa prakAra pRthvI ko bhAramukta kiyA jAtA hai| zrIkRSNa ne isa prakAra vAsudeva kI bhUmikA kA pUrNataH nirvAha kiyA hai|15 sUtra 207 kA pratipAdya viSaya yahI prasaMga rahA hai| (3) jJAtRdharmakathA (NAyadhammakahAo) yaha bhI eka SaSTha aMgavargIya Agama hai / do zru taskandha haiN| pahale skandha ke 16veM adhyayana meM zrIkRSNa kA varNana milatA hai| dUsare skandha ke pA~caveM adhyayana meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke sAtha-sAtha zrIkRSNa ke kathA sUtra bhI Ae haiM / bhagavAna kA revataka parvata para Agamana hotA hai| vAsudeva (zrIkRSNa) bhagavAna ke darzanArtha yAdavakumAroM aura kuTumbIjanoM ke sAtha upasthita hote haiM aura bhagavAna ke upadezoM kA zraddhAsahita zravaNa karate haiN| isI adhyayana ke antargata thAvaccAputra dvArA bhagavAna ke sAnnidhya meM pravajyA grahaNa kA prasaMga bhI vivecita huA hai / 16 solahaveM adhyayana meM pAMDavoM kA varNana AyA hai / isa adhyayana meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki pAMDavoM kI jananI kuntI zrIkRSNa kI buA (arthAt vasudeva kI bahana) thii| isa AdhAra 15. bharaheravaesu NaM vAsesu egamegAe ussappiNIe osappiNIe cauvannaM 2 uttamapurisA upajjiti vA, uppajjissaMti vA, taMjahA- cauvIsaM titthakarA, bArasa cakkavaTTI, nava baladevA, nava vAsudevA / -~-samavAyAMga 54vAM samavAya, pR0 84- saMpAdaka-- pUjya kanhaiyyAlAlajI kamala, Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sANDerAva (rAja.) san 1956 meM prakAzita / teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM vAravatInAma nagarI hotthA,...tattha NaM bAravaIe nayarIe kaNhe nAmaM vAsudeve rAyA parivasaI...... -jJAtAdharmakathA a0 5, pR0 156, 157, pradhAnasaMpAdaka yuvAcArya madhukara munijI, prakA0 Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara I0 san 1981 / (rAja.) taeNaM se kaNhe vAsudeve samuddavijayapAmukhaihiM... "vAravaI nayariM majjhaM majjheNaM niggacchaI / taeNaM se kaNhe vAsudeve te paumanAbhaM rAyANaM ejjamANaM pAsai-pR. 45 taeNaM se kaNhe vAsudeve te paMca paMDave evaM vayAsI --pR0 54 taeNaM se kaNhe vAsudeve lavaNa samuiM majhamajjheNaM vIivaie, -pR0 461 taeNaM se kaNhe vAsudeve jeNeva sae khaMdhAvAre teNeva uvaagcchii| ---pR0 463

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prAkRta jaina Agama zrIkRSNa sAhitya 17 para pAMDavoM aura zrIkRSNa ke madhya pArivArika sambandha batAyA gayA hai tathA amarakaMkA jAne kA varNana bhI prApta hai / 17 (4) antakRddazAMga isa AThaveM aMga Agama meM aMtakRt kevaliyoM kI kathAeM varNita haiM / grantha aneka adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai aura adhyayanoM ke ATha varga (samUha) haiM / prathama varga ke prathama adhyayana meM dvArakA kA vaibhava evaM gautama kI dIkSA, tRtIya varga aSTama adhyayana meM zrIkRSNa ke anuja gajasukumAra kI kathA hai / pA~cave varga ke prathama adhyayana meM vaibhavapUrNa dvArakA ke vinAza kA aura zrIkRSNa ke dehatyAga kA vRttAnta hai / dvArAvatI nagarI ke zaktizAlI rAjA ke rUpa meM zrIkRSNa ko batalAyA gayA hai / kRSNa ke bhAvI janma viSaya vRttAMta, kRSNa kI para duHkhakAtaratA kA citraNa huA hai / 18 yathA evaM khalu jaMbU ! teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM bAravaInAmaM nayarI hotyA / dubAlasajoyaNAyAmA nava joyaNavitthiSNA / -- prathama varga pR0 0 6 tatthaNaM bArabaIe nayarIe kaNhe nAma vAsudeve rAyA parivasaI / taNaM sA devaI kaNhe vAsudevaM evaM vayAsI / evaM khalu ahaM puttA / -tRtIya varga pR0 10 taeNa se kahe vAsudeve imIse kahAe laddhaTThe samANe vhAe jAva vibhUsie / - tRtIya varga, pR0 56 -- prathama varga pR0 10 tara se gayasukumAle aNagAre arayA ariThThanemiNaM abbhaNuSNAe arahaM / - tRtIya varga pR0 77 kahaNaNaM bhaMte teNaM pariseNaM gayasukumAlasya aNagArassa sAhijje diSNe ? taNaM arahA ariTThanemi kaNhaM vAsudevaM evaM vayAsI / teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM arahA ariTThanemI samosaDhe jAva evaM khalu kaNhA / imose bAravaie nayarIe navajoyaNa vitthinnAe jAva devalogabhUyAe suraggidivAya-mUlAe viNAse bhavissai / - paMcamavarga, pR064-65 17. vahI "jJAtAdharmakathA 18. antakRddazAMga ---- pradhAna saMpAdaka - yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramunijI tRtIya varga, pR 84

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18 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya (5) praznavyAkaraNa yaha dazama aMga grantha hai / 5 dharma dvAra tathA 5 adharmadvAra ke rUpa meM prazna vyAkaraNa ke do khaMDa haiM / pUrvakhaNDa meM 5 AsravadvAra haiM aura uttarakhaMDa meM saMvaradvAra haiM jinakI saMkhyA bhI 5 haiM / rukmaNI eva padmAvatI ke sAtha vivAha ke lie zrIkRSNa ko jo yuddha karane par3e unakA varNana praznavyAkaraNa ke pUrva khaNDa ke caturtha AsravadvAra meM kiyA gayA hai / 19 (ka) kRSNa ke caritra kA zreSTha arddha cakravartI rAjA ke rUpa kA, unakI rAniyoM, putroM tathA parivArajanoM kA varNana tathA zrIkRSNa ko cANUra malla, riSTabaila tathA kAlI nAmaka mahAna viSaile sarpa kA hantA, yamalArjuna ke nAza karane vAle, mahAzakuni evaM pUtanA ke ripu, kaMsamardaka, jarAsandha naSTakarttA Adi unake vividha guNoM ko darzAyA gayA hai / aura, isa prakAra unake vyaktitva ke mahAnatA ke darzana isa Agama ke dvArA hameM dikhalAI dete haiM / 19 (kha) (6) nirayAvalikA 1 isameM 5 varga haiM / 5 vargoM meM 5 upAMga antarnihita haiM / pA~cave upA~ga vRSNIdazA ke 12 adhyayana haiM / prathama adhyayana meM dvArakAdhipati vAsudeva zrIkRSNa kA varNana milatA hai | citrita prasaMga usa samaya kA hai jaba bhagavAna neminAtha kA Agamana raivataka parvata para hotA hai aura zrIkRSNa unakI upadeza -sabhA meM jAte haiM / isa prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa kI dharmapriyatA aura bhagavAna ke prati zraddhA kI bhAvanA abhivyakta huI hai 120 16. ( ka ) bhujjo bhujjo baladeva- vAsudevA ya pavarapurisA mahAbalaparavakamA, mahAdhaNu viyaTThakA, mahAsattasAgarA duddharA / -- praznavyAkaraNasUtra caturtha adhyAya, saMpAdaka - amaramunijI, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA / (kha) mehuNasaNNA saMpagiddhAya mohabhariyA satthehi haNaMti ekkamekkaM / visayavisa udIraesu avare paradArehi hammati XXX mehaNamUlaM ya suvvae tattha tattha vattapuvvA saMgAmA jaNakkhayakarA sIyAe dovaIe kae, ruppiNIe mAIe / - prazna- vyAkaraNa sUtracaturtha adhyayana, pR0 407 saMpAdaka vahI / 20. evaM khalu jaMbU teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM bAravaI nAmaM nayarI hotthA, duvAlasa joyaNAyAmA jAvapackcakkhaM devaloyabhUyA / tatthaNaM bAravaIe nayarIe kaNhe nAmaM

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prAkRta jaina Agama zrIkRSNa sAhitya 16 prathama adhyayana niSedhakumAra kA hai, jo kRSNa ke bar3e bhrAtA rAjA baladeva tathA revatI ke putra the / niSadha kumAra bhagavAna ariSTanemi kI sevA meM pravajyA grahaNa kara Atma kalyANa karate haiM / yaha upAMga sUtra hai / (7) uttarAdhyayana isa Agama grantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aMtima samaya mahAnirvANa kAla meM die gae upadeza saMkalita haiM / uttarAdhyayana meM kula 36 adhyayana haiM, aura isake 22 veM adhyayana meM zrIkRSNa kathA ke sUtra milate haiM / zrIkRSNa dvArA ariSTanemi ke vivAhotsava kA prabaMdha kiyA jAnA, vivAha meM ekatrita atifart ke AhAra hetu ekatrita mUka pazuoM kI pukAra sunakara ariSTanemi kA virakta ho jAnA, raivataka parvata para jAkara unakA tapasyA karanA Adi prasaMga vistAra se vivecita haiM / isa adhyayana se yaha tathya bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki zrIkRSNa kA janma sauriyapura meM huA thA / 22 kRSNa ke mAtA-pitA, unakA vAsudeva rAjA honA, nemi ke lie unake dvArA rAjImatI kI yAcanA karanA Adi ullekha haiM / niSkarSa maiMne isa adhyAya meM jaina prAkRta zrIkRSNa sAhitya ke katipaya graMthoM ko lekara apanA anuzIlana prastuta kiyA hai| isameM kramazaH sAta graMtha haiM / (1) sthAnAMga meM zrIkRSNa sambandhI kucha prasaMga aura unakI ATha paTarAniyoM kA ullekha milA hai / (2) samavAyAMga meM 54 uttamapuruSoM kA vivecana hai / inameM vAsudeve rAyA hotthA jAva pasAsemANe viharaI / vahidasAo, - pR0 712 saMpAdaka - puphphabhikkhU, prakAzaka sUtrAgamaprakAzana samiti, guDagAMva ( paMjAba ) | 21. soriyapuramminayare AsirAyA mahaDhie / vasudevatti nAmeNaM rAyalakkhaNasaMju // tassa bhajjA duve Asi rohiNI devaI tahA / tAsa donhaM duve puttA iTThA rAmakesavA / vajjarisahasaMghayaNe samacauraMso jhasoyaro | tassa rAImaI kannaM bhajjaM jAyaI kesavo // uttarAdhyayana sUtra a0 22, saMpAdaka - svayaMzodhakartA ( rAjendramundri ) gAthA - 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11,25 va 27 meM kRSNa saMbaMdhI ullekha upalabdha haiM /

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya 20 vAsudeva ke rUpa meM pratiSThita zrIkRSNa kA vistAra se vivecana hai| prati vAsudeva kA hanana unake dvArA kiyA gayA hai / yaha ThIka avatArI puruSa kRSNa se milatA hai / (3) jJAtAdharma kathA meM 22 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa ke sambandha meM batalAyA gayA hai| pAMDava bhI isameM carcita haiN| kuntI pAMDavoM kI jananI aura zrIkRSNa kI buA haiN| thAvaccAputra pravrajyA grahaNa karate haiN| (4) antakRddazAMga meM dvArakAvaibhava, zrIkRSNa vAsudeva tathA gautamakumAra kI dIkSA tathA zrIkRSNa putra gajasukumAra kI kathA AI hai| aMta meM dvArakA vinAza aura zrIkRSNa kA dehatyAga bhI vivacita hai| kRSNa eka zaktizAlI rAjA aura paraduHkhakAtara batalAye gae haiN| unake bhAvI janma para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| (5) praznavyAkaraNa graMtha meM do khaMDa haiM / uttarakhaMDa meM 5 saMvara dvAra haiN| pUrvakhaMDa meM rukmiNI aura padmAvatI se vivAha karane ke lie jo yuddha zrIkRSNa ko karane par3e unakA vivecana hai| zrIkRSNa eka ardha cakravartI rAjA batAye gae haiM tathA unakI kucha bAlalIlAeM jaise riSTa baila aura kAliya nAmaka viSaile nAga kI hatyA, pUtanA mardana, kaMsa hanana aura jarAsaMdha vadha kA varNana tathA unameM vidyamAna guNoM kA vivecana aura unakI rAniyoM kA varNana tathA unakI mahAnatA dikhAI hai / (6) nira. yAvalikA meM raivataka parvata para neminAtha kA Agamana aura dvArakAdhipati zrIkRSNa vAsudeva kA varNana tathA neminAtha kI upadeza sabhA meM zrIkRSNAgamana diyA gayA hai| zrIkRSNa kI dharmapriyatA aura 22 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna neminAtha ke prati zraddhA kA varNana tathA rAjA baladeva aura unakI rAnI revatI ke putra niSadhakumAra kA nemi kI sevA meM jAnA aura pravrajyA grahaNa ityAdi vivecana hai| (7) uttarAdhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza saMkalita hai| kula 36 adhyayanoM meM se 22 veM adhyayana meM zrIkRSNa kathA ke sUtra haiN| zrIkRSNa ke dvArA ariSTanemi ke vivAhotsava kA prabaMdha, bArAtiyoM ke AhAra ke lie juTAye gaye pazupakSiyoM ko dekhakara nemI ko vairAgya utpanna honA, raivataka parvata para tapasyA ke lie jAnA, rAjImatI dvArA nemI se yAcanA aura zrIkRSNa kA janma soriyapura meM huaa| yaha tathya bhI hamAre hAtha lagatA hai|

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prAkRta jaina Agama zrIkRSNa sAhitya isa prakAra isa adhyAya meM maiMne apane zodhAdhyayana ke sUtra jaTAye haiN| vizeSa adhyayana ke lie zrI devendramuni kI "bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karma yogI zrIkRSNa eka anuzIlana" yaha pustaka dRSTavya hai / 22 agale adhyAya meM isase thor3A sA vistRta adhyayana prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA maiM kara rahA huuN| 22. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa, eka anuzIlana pR0 340 (pariziSTa) se 360 taka tathA 367, devendra muni zAstrI,

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prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya bhUmikA zrIkRSNa caritra ko samagra jaina sAhitya meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| jaina sAhitya aura zrIkRSNa carita kA pArasparika sambandha bar3A mUlyavAna rahA hai / jahA~ zrIkRSNa kI cAritrika vizeSatAoM tathA unakI mahattA ke pracAra prasAra kA zreya jaina sAhitya ko prApta hotA hai, vahAM yaha bhI satya hai ki zrIkRSNa ke vibhinna prasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke siddhAMtoM ke pratipAdana aura jana sAmAnya meM usake pracAra ke kArya meM bhI kisI sImA taka sahAyatA milI hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM varNita kiyA jA cukA hai, zrIkRSNa jIvana ke prasaMga jaina sAhitya meM sarvaprathama AgamoM meM samAviSTa hue haiN| Agama granthoM kA svarUpa samajhane ke krama meM yaha sArA tathya svayaM spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prastuta avasarpiNI kAla ke antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA eka atyaMta stutya, samartha aura saphala prayatna yaha rahA hai ki unhoMne apane dhArmika vicAroM kA janatA meM pracAra karane ke lie tatkAlIna janapriya loka bhASAoM aura kathAoM kA Azraya liyaa| ina kathAoM ko janatA pIr3hiyoM se samajhI huI thI tathA inheM hRdayaMgama kiye hue thii| ataH inameM pAyA jAne vAlA sAmya sthira karake bhagavAna ne apane vicAroM ko sugamatA ke sAtha janamAnasa kA aMga banA diyaa| jina loka pracalita aura janapriya kathAoM ke cunAva kA apane prayojana se bhagavAna ne cayana kiyA aura jinakA upayoga kiyA, unameM zrIkRSNa ke jIvana kI kathAeM bhI sammilita rhiiN| aisA honA zrIkRSNacaritra kI tatkAlIna lokapriyatA ke AdhAra para svAbhAvika hI lagatA hai|

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prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya 23 srota isa prakAra jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ne zrIkRSNa ke jIvana kI vibhinna ghaTanAoM kA ullekha apane uhadezoM ke antargata, apane hI DhaMga se kiyA to unake pravacanoM meM zrIkRSNa ke jIvana kA koI kramabaddha vRttAMta ubharakara prakaTa nahIM ho sakatA thaa| jahAM jisa siddhAMta ke spaSTIkaraNa evaM pratipAdana ke lie yA puSTi ke lie bhagavAna ne zrIkRSNa jIvana kI jisa ghaTanA kA prayoga vAMchanIya samajhA aura anubhava kiyA, use upayukta sthAna jaina kathA meM diyaa| kAlAMtara meM bhagavAna ke ziSya gaNadharoM ne bhagavAna ke upadezoM ko saMgrahIta kiyA, unheM likhita rUpa dene kA prayAsa bhI kiyaa| ye likhita alikhita rUpa hI jaina Agama haiN| ullekha vizRkhalanIya spaSTa hai ki jaina Agama granthoM meM zrIkRSNa ke jIvana prasaMgoM ko yadyapi ati mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta avazya hI huA hai kintu ye ullekha vizRMkhalita rUpa meM haiM / AgamoM meM zrIkRSNa ke jIvana carita kA koI kramika vikAsa dRSTi gocara nahIM hotA / na hI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AgamoM meM zrIkRSNa ke jIvana ko sampUrNataH grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai| kevala pratipAdya viSayoM meM sahAyaka rahane kI kSamatA vAle prasaMga hI isameM samAviSTa hue haiN| Agametara granthoM (parivartI graMthoM) meM zrIkRSNa jIvana kI ina bikharI-bikharI ghaTanAoM ko kramika aura vyavasthita rUpa diyA gayA hai| yathAvazyakatAnusAra zUnya sthaloM kI pUrti kA bhI mUlyavAna upakrama huA hai / pariNAmataH ina paravartI granthoM meM zrIkRSNa caritra jaisI koI vastu mere dRSTigata hone lagI hai| zrIkRSNa ke bhavya caritra kI eka jhAMkI prastuta hone lagI hai| inake mAdhyama se zrIkRSNa sambandhI jaina mAnyatA spaSTatA ke sAtha abhivyakta huii| yaha mAnyatA isa pakSa meM pAyI jAtI hai ki zrIkRSNa eka atyanta balazAlI, parAkramI, tejasvI mahAmAnava the| vaidika paramparA ke zrIkRSNa ke avatArI aura camatkArI divya rUpa ko jaina mAnyatA ne svIkArya nahIM smjhaa| jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM ullekhita sArvadezika evaM sArvakAlika rUpa evaM mUlAdhAra ko svIkArate hue jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa caritra kA varNana bar3e hI vyApaka rUpa meM huA hai| ve sarvatra zaktizAlI rUpa meM varNita hue / jaina paramparAnusAra zrIkRSNa guNazIla, sadAcArI, ojasvI, varcasvI eva yazasvI mahApuruSa the| unheM jaina granthoM meM amoghabalI, atibalI, mahAbalI, apratihata aura aparAjita rUpa meM citrita

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kiyA gayA hai / unakA zArIrika bala itanA vipula thA ki ve sugamatA ke sAtha mahAratna vajra ko bhI cuTakI se masalakara cUrNa kara dete the| mahApuruSoM kA AbhyaMtara saundarya bAhya evaM AbhyaMtarika saundarya anyonyAzrita huA karatA hai / mahApuruSoM meM bhavya AMtarika sauMdarya hotA hai| isakI praticchavi svarUpa unakA bAhya vyaktitva bhI saundarya sampanna evaM AkarSaka hotA hai| ye oja teja se yukta va paramazakti sampanna hote haiM / jaina mAnyatA bhI isa tathya kI samarthaka rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa paramparA meM mAnya sabhI viziSTa puruSa AkarSaka va prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva vAle haiN| prajJApanA sUtra (23) ke anusAra jaina dRSTi se jo 63 zlAghanIya puruSa (zalAkA puruSa) hue haiM ve sabhI atyuttama zArIrika saMsthAna vAle the| 'hAribhadrIyAvazyaka' meM unake zarIra kI prabhA ko nirmala svarNarekhA ke samAna vaNita kiyA gayA hai| jaina paraMparA meM 63 zalAkA puruSoM meM zrIkRSNa kI bhI gaNanA hotI hai| ve navama vAsudeva hue haiN| zalAkA puruSoM kI bhAMti hI zrIkRSNa kA zarIra mAna, unmAna aura pramANa meM pUrA sujAta aura sarvAMga sundara thaa| ve lakSaNoM aura guNoM se yukta the| unakA zarIra dasa dhanuSa lambA thaa| ve bar3e hI kAnta, saumya, subhaga svarUpa vAle atyanta priyadarzI the| ve prabhalma, dhIra aura binayI the| ve sukhazIla the, kintu pramAdI nahIM apitu udyogI pravRtti ke the| unakI vANI gaMbhIra, madhura aura snehayukta thI, aura ve satyavAdI the| unakI gati zreSTha gajendra-gati sI lagatI thii| unakA mukuTa kaustubha maNi jaTita thaa| unake kAnoM meM kuMDala aura vakSa para ekAvalI suzobhita rahatI thii| ve dhanurdhara the| ve zaMkha cakra gadA zakti aura padma dhAraNa karate the| ve ucca garur3a dhvajA ke dhAraka the / 'praznavyAkaraNa' ke eka ullekha ke anusAra zrIkRSNa zatruoM kA mardana karane vAle, yuddha meM kIti prApta karane vAle, ajita aura ajitastha the| etadartha ve mahArathI bhI kahalAte the| zrIkRSNa sarvaguNa saMpanna, zreSTha caritra vAle, dayAlu, zaraNAgata-vatsala, dharmAtmA, kartavyaparAyaNa, vivekazIla aura nItivAna the| 1. praznavyAkaraNa : adhyAya 4, pR0 1217

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prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya vIrazreSTha zrIkRSNa jainiyoM kI dRSTi meM uparyukta svarUpa meM zrIkRSNa kA vyaktitva jaina granthoM meM citrita milatA hai| jaina dRSTi se zrIkRSNa 'vIrazreSTha' rUpa meM sammAnya haiM / ve zalAkApuruSa va navama vAsudeva haiN| vAsudeva paramparA kA pratyeka mahApuruSa mahAna vIra, arddhacakravartI zAsaka hotA hai| zrIkRSNa kA bhI yahI svarUpa rahA hai| paitAdayagiri (vindhyAcala) se samudra paryanta samasta dakSiNa bhArata ke ve ekachatra-adhipati the| bAravaie nayarIe advabharahassa ya samassa ya AhevaccaM jAva viharai / -antakRdazA sUtra dakSiNa bharatArddha ke svAmI zrIkRSNa kA uttara bhArata kI rAjanIti meM bhI varcasva rhaa| unhoMne apane sazakta pratidvandvI jarAsaMdha va usake sahAyaka koravoM ko parAbhUta karake hastinApura ke rAjyAsana para pAMDavoM ko pratiSThita kara diyA thaa| yahI nahIM, apita 30 bhArata ke tathA anya aneka anItikArI aura atyAcArI zAsakoM kA nAzakara unake sthAna para aneka uttarAdhikAriyoM ko zAsaka banAkara bhI zrIkRSNa ne apanA yaha varcasva siddha kara diyA thA / eka prakAra se unheM akhila bhAratIya rAjanaitika mahattA prApta thii| unhoMne deza kI vizRMkhalita rAjanaitika zaktiyoM ko saMgaThita karane kA stutya aura saphala prayatna bhI kiyaa| jaina sAhitya kI eka aura bhI yaha upalabdhi rahI hai ki isake mAdhyama se bhAratIya itihAsa ke katipaya aise tathya prakAza meM Ae haiM, jo sAmAnyataH lapta prAya rahe haiN| ye sAmAnya aitihAsika tathya isa prakAra haiM : (1) tatkAlIna jaina dharma ke uccatama netA bhagavAna ariSTanemi vAsudeva zrIkRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| (2) ye 22veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna neminAtha ke rUpa meM itihAsakhyAta rahe haiM / yaha bAta aura hai ki katipaya vidvajjana bhagavAna mahAvIra 2. zalAkApuruSa kA tAtparya mahApuruSa se hai| jaina paraMparA meM 63 zalAkA puruSa hue haiM / isameM se 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 6 vAsudeva, 6 baladeva, 6 prativAsudeva bhI hote haiN| 3. navamo vAsudevoyamiti devA jagustadA / -harivaMzapurANa 5560

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya svAmI ke pUrva ke 23 tIrthaMkaroM ke viSaya meM prAmANikatA nahIM maante| (3) vastutaH yaha hamAre itihAsa kA apUrNatAjanita bhrama hai| (4) anyathA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha evaM bhagavAna neminAtha kI aiti sika prAmANikatA meM saMdeha ke lie aba koI avakAza hI nahIM raha gayA hai| Rgveda aura yajurveda jaise prAcIna granthoM meM ariSTa nemi ke saMdarbha prApta hote haiN| bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa anyonyAzrita vastusthiti yaha hai ki zrIkRSNa ke prasaMgoM ke binA bhagavAna ariSTanemi carita apUrNa hI raha jAtA hai| sAtha hI jahA~ zrIkRSNa carita varNita huA hai vahA~ ariSTanemi prasaMga usake anivArya-aMga ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahA hai| katipaya granthoM meM to zrIkRSNa kI mahattA bhagavAna ariSTanemi kI apekSA bhI adhika ubharI hai| unakI apanI garimA to rahI hai, sAtha hI bhagavAna neminAtha ke jIvana aura parivAra se saMbaddha rahane ke kAraNa bhI jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa ko paryApta sammAnanIya sthAna aura gaurava prApta huA hai| bhagavAna ke atyucca garimApUrNa dharmavyaktitva ke prati zrIkRSNa ke mana meM sadA zraddhA kA sthAna rahA hai| bhagavAna dvArA saMketita karuNA aura ahiMsA ke mArga para zrIkRSNa bharasaka gatizIla rhe| yaha isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki zrIkRSNa dharma ke prati atizaya rucizIla the| ve karuNA, maitrI aura ahiMsA kI mahatI bhAvanAoM se itane adhika prabhAvita hue ki unhoMne hiMsAparita yajJoM kA virodha karate hue una yajJoM kI uttamatA kA samarthana kiyA jinameM jIvahiMsA kA samAveza nahIM thaa| yahI nahIM, unhoMne yajJoM kI apekSA karma ko adhika mahatvapUrNa mAnA aura karma ke lie ve sabala preraka bne| jaba jaba bhagavAna neminAtha svAmI kA dvArakA Agamana huA, zrIkRSNa samasta rAjakAja chor3akara bhagavAna ke darzanArtha unakI sabhA meM jAte the| aise aneka prasaMga Agametara granthoM meM varNita milate haiN| vAsudeva hone ke nAte ve svayaM saMyama mArga ke anuyAyI nahIM ho sake, kiMtu unhoMne svayaM hI bhagavAna ke samakSa saMkalpa grahaNa kiyA thA ki "maiM isa mArga ke anusaraNa hetu adhikAdhika 4. antagaDa sUtra-3, 23, 52, 68 dekhie|

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prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya janoM ko prerita karatA rahUMgA / " unakI putriyoM dvArA saMyama grahaNa isakA sabala pramANa hai / unake kuTuMba ke aneka sadasyoM ne bhagavAna se pravrajyA grahaNa kI jinameM unakI rAniyA~ putrAdi bhI sammilita haiM / zrIkRSNa ke vyaktitva kA yaha ujjvala pakSa unheM jaina sAhitya meM pramukha sthAna dilAne meM bar3A sahAyaka rahA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pAMDavoM, pradyumna kumAra, gajasukumAla Adi se saMbaddha ina racanAoM meM bhI zrIkRSNa kA vRttAMta savistArapUrvaka diyA gayA hai / zrIkRSNa meM jo dharmAnurAga kI vizeSatA hai, usake kAraNa jaina granthakAroM ne unakA caritra apane anurUpa pAyA aura usakA khUba bakhAna kiyaa| prAcIna aura arvAcIna sabhI bhASAoM ke jaina sAhitya meM kRSNacaritra vivecana milatA hai / prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, hiMdI va kannaDa, tamila telagu, gujarAtI, marAThI Adi prAdezika bhASAoM meM bhI aise jaina granthoM kI bharamAra hai jinameM zrIkRSNa caritra kisI na kisI rUpa meM apanAyA gayA hai / zrIkRSNa mahatva Agametara prAkRta jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa ko samucita mahatva diyA gayA hai / etaeva isI stara para yahA~ vivecana hai / isa varga ke sAhitya meM bhI zrIkRSNa kA vaisA hI zubhra dhavala karuNAzIla aura parAkramI svarUpa sthApita huA hai, jo AgamoM meM pratiSThita ho cukA thA / Agametara sAhitya ke lie Agama hI Adarza aura AdhArabhUta srota rahe haiM / ataH mUla granthoM ke sAtha ina Agametara granthoM meM itanA sAmya bhI svAbhAvika hI lagatA hai | Agametara granthoM kA eka sArA vibhAga to aisA hai jisameM AgamoM kI vyAkhyA ke hI aneka rUpa milate haiM / yathA-niryukti, cUrNi, bhASya, TIkA, Adi / inake atirikta bhI aneka svataMtra Agametara granthoM meM zrIkRSNa caritra upalabdha hotA hai, aise granthoM meM 'harivaMza cariyaM' sarvaprathama grantha mAnA jAtA hai jisake racanAkAra vimala sUri the, kiMtu yaha kRti anupalabdha hai / zrI nAthUrAma premI ke matAnusAra (jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke pR0 87 ) cariyaM sAhitya kI paraMparA meM lekhaka kI racanA 'pauma cariyaM' ko bhI ullekhanIya sthAna prApta hai / 27 (1) vasudeva hiNDI - saMghadAsa gaNI prastuta grantha Agametara racanAoM meM aisI prAcInatama upalabdha kRti hai jisameM zrIkRSNa jIvana ke prasaMgoM kA citraNa hai / vasudeva hiNDI kA racanA-

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kAla IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / grantha ke pUrvabhAga ke racanAkAra saMghadAsa gaNi vAcaka rahe haiM, kiMtu isake uttarabhAga kI racanA dharmasena gaNi dvArA huI aisI mAnyatA rahI hai / vasudeva zrIkRSNa ke pitA the / unhIM kA bhramaNa vRttAMta prastuta grantha meM hai / devakI lambaka meM zrIkRSNa ke janma Adi kA varNana hai| pIThikA meM pradyumna, zAMbakumAra kI kathA aura zrIkRSNa kI ha agramahiSiyoM kA varNana hai / sAtha hI rukmiNI se pradyumnakumAra kA janma, usakA apaharaNa, mAtA-pitA se usakA punarmilana Adi kI ghaTanAoM kA bhI varNana milatA hai / pradyumnakumAra ke pUrvabhavoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isI prakAra jAmbavatI se zAmbakumAra kA janma aura usake jIvana kI anyAnya ghaTanAeM bhI varNita kI gayI haiN| isake atirikta harivaMza kI utpatti, kaMsa ke pUrNabhava aura kaurava pAMDavoM kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai / 28 vasudeva hiNDI ke pUrva bhAga meM 26 laMbhaka aura 11 hajAra zloka aura uttara bhAga meM 71 laMbhaka aura 17 hajAra zloka haiM / isa grantha kI zailI meM guNADhya kRta bRhatkathA kI zailI ke darzana hote haiM / kathAsaritsAgara kI bhUmikA meM DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne bhI isa vAstavikatA kI ora - saMketa kiyA hai / " vasudeva hiNDI kI bhASA prAcIna mahArASTrIya prAkRta hai / " kathA kA vibhAjana 6 adhikAroM meM kiyA gayA hai - kahuppatti (kathAutpatti), pIDhiyA (pIThikA), mu~ha (mukha), paDimuha (pratimukha), sarIra (zarIra ) aura uvasaMhAra (upasaMhAra ) / kathotpattipUrNa hone para dhammilla - hiNDI ( dhammila carita) prAraMbha hotA hai aura isake pUrNa hone para kramaza: pIThikA mukha pratimukha prAraMbha hote haiM / usake bAda prathama khaNDa ke prathama aMza meM sAta laMka haiM / yahIM se zarIra vibhAga prAraMbha hotA hai jo dUsare aMza ke 26 veM laMbhaka taka calatA hai / vasudeva ke paribhramaNa kI AtmakathA kA vistAra isI 5. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -- DaoN0 jagadIzacaMdra jaina, pR0 382 6. kathA saritsAgara kI bhUmikA : lekhaka - zrI vAsudevazaraNa agravAla / 7. vasudeva hiNDI muni puNyavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita, AtmAnaMda jaina graMtha mAlA bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1930-31 meM prakAzita / isakA gujarAtI bhASAMtara prophesara sAMDesarA ne kiyA hai jo ukta graMthamAlA kI ora se hI bhAvanagara se vi0 saM0 2003 meM prakAzita huA hai / dekhiye gujarAtI anuvAda | I

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26 prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya vibhAga se prAraMbha hotA hai| ukta laMbhakoM meM 16 aura 20veM laMbhaka anupalabdha haiM tathA 28vAM laMbhaka apUrNa hai| isake dvitIya khaNDa meM naravAhanadatta kI kathA varNita hai / usameM zRMgArakathA kI mukhyatA hai tathApi isa kathA meM dharma kA upadeza bhI yathAsthAna sammilita kiyA gayA hai| kula milAkara donoM khaNDoM meM 100 laMbhakoM kA samAveza hai| dvitIya khaNDa ke anusAra vasudeva 100 varSa taka paribhramaNa karate haiM tathA 100 kanyAoM ke sAtha unakA vivAha hotA hai| gadyAtmaka samAsAMta padAvali meM likhI gayI isa viziSTa racanA kI bhASA sarala, svAbhAvika va prasAdaguNa yukta hai| mukhya kathA ke sAtha aneka aMtarkathAe~ tIrthaMkara zalAkApuruSoM kI bhI haiN| sAtha hI jaina dharma saMbaMdhI mahAvratoM kA svarUpa, paraloka siddhi, mAMsabhakSaNa doSa Adi tatvoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA gayA hai| kahappatti ke aMta meM vasudeva carita kI utpatti batalAI gayI hai| mukha nAmaka adhikAra meM zaMba ora bhAnU kI krIDAoM kA varNana hai / bhAnu ke pAsa zuka thA aura zaMba ke pAsa sArikA, donoM subhASita kahate haiM / yathAH ukkAmiva joibhAliNI subhuyaMgAmiva puphphiyaM lataM / vibudho jo kAmavattiNi, muyai so suhio bhavissai // arthAta agni se prajvalita ulkA kI bhA~ti aura bhujaMgI se yukta puSpita latA kI bhA~ti jo paMDita kAmavattinI (kAmamArga) kA tyAga karatA hai vaha sukhI hotA hai| pratimukha meM aMdhakavRSNi kA paricaya dete hue kavi ne usake pUrvabhava kA saMbaMdha batAyA hai| zarIra adhyayana prathama laMbhaka se AraMbha hokara 29veM laMbhaka taka pUrNa hotA hai| sAmA vijayA nAma ke prathama laMbhaka meM samudravijaya Adi nau vasudevoM ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai| vasudeva ghara kA tyAgakara calate haiN| sAmalI kA paricaya sAmalI laMbhaka meM diyA gayA hai| viSNakumAra kA carita gaMdharvadattA laMbhaka meM hai| nIlAMjanA laMbhaka meM RSabhadeva kA varNana karate hae unake janma, rAjyAbhiSeka, pravrajyA Adi kA varNana hai| ugra, bhoga, rAjanya aura nAga ye cAra gaNa kauzala janapada meM rAjya karate the| RSabhadeva ne prajA ko aneka prakAra kI kalAeM sikhlaayii|

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30 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya somasiri laMbhaka meM Arya anArya, vedoM kI utpatti, RSabha kA nirvANa, bAhubali aura bharata kA yuddha, nArada, parvata aura basu kA saMbaMdha tathA vasudeva ke vedAdhyayana kA prarUpaNa hai| saptama laMbhaka ke pazcAt prathama khaNDa kA dvitIya aMza AraMbha hotA hai| paumA laMbhaka meM dhanurveda kI utpatti batAI hai| puMDA laMbhaka meM porAgama (pAkazAstra) meM vizArada naMda aura sunaMda kA nAmollekha hai| puMDrA kI utpatti tathA nami jinendra dvArA pradatta cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza varNita hai| somasiri laMbhaka meM indramaha kA ullekha hai| mayaNa gA laMbhaka meM sanatkumAra cakravartI kA vyAyAma zAlA meM pahuMcakara telamardana karAnA, kAnyakubja kI utpatti kA vRttAnta, rAma kA jIvana vRtta, Adi varNana upalabdha hote haiN| bAlacaMdA laMbhaka meM mAMsabhakSaNa niSedha kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| baMdhumatI laMbhaka meM vasudeva dvArA diyA gayA tApasoM ko upadeza va mahAvratoM kA vivecana hai| sAtha hI mRgadhvajakumAra tathA bhadrakamahiSa ke carita-varNana bhI haiN| 16 va 20vA~ laMbhaka naSTa ho gayA hai| kevala matI laMbhaka meM zA~tijina kA jIvana carita, triviSTap tathA vAsudeva kA paraspara saMbaMdha, megharatha ke AkhyAna meM jIvana ko priyatA ko batalAte hue kavi ne likhA hai :8 haMtUNa parappANe appANaM jo karai sappANaM / appANaM divasANaM, karaNa nAsei appANaM // dukkhassa uvviyeto, hetUNa parei paDiyAe~ / pAvihiti puNo dukkhaM, bahuyayaraM tannimitteNa / / arthAt jo dUsaroM ke prANoM kI hatyA karake apane ko saprANa karanA cAhatA hai, vaha AtmA kA nAza karatA hai / jo duHkha se khinna huA, vaha dUsare kI hatyA karake pratikAra karatA hai, vaha usake nimitta se aura adhika duHkha pAtA hai| paumAvatI laMbhaka meM harivaMza kula kI utpatti kA kathAnaka hai| devakI laMbhaka meM kaMsa ke pUrvabhava kA vivecana hai| astu, bhAva bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha eka ati uttama kRti hai jo jana dharma kI sAhitya garimA ko ujAgara karatI hai| 8. vasudeva hiNDI-megharatha aakhyaan-vhii|

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31 prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya (2) cauppannamahApurisa cariyaM - AcArya zIlAMka dvArA racita yaha eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM 63 zalAkApuruSoM meM se 6 prativAsudevoM ko chor3akara 54 mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacarita varNita hue haiN| 6 vAsudevoM ke varNana ke aMtargata hI prativAsudevoM ko bhI sammilita kara liyA gayA hai| isakA racanAkAla san 868 batAyA jAtA hai| isake 46-50-51veM adhyAya meM ariSTanemi zrIkRSNa vAsudeva ke carita varNita hue haiN| grantha kI bhASA sAhityika prAkRta hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki jaina sAhitya meM mahAparuSoM kI mAnyatA ke svarUpa ko lekara do vicAra dhArAeM pracalita rahI haiN| prathama vicAra-dhArA meM prativAsudevoM kI vAsudevoM ke sAtha gaNanA karake 54 zalAkA puruSa mAnatI hai, aura dUsarI vicAradhArA prativAsadevoM kI gaNanA svataMtra rUpa se karake 63 zalAkApuruSoM ko mAnyatA pradAna karatI hai| prastata kati meM 54 zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvana-sUtra grathita kie gae haiN| racanAkAra zIlAMka AcArya nivRttikulIna mAnadevasUri ke ziSya the| inake dUsare nAma jaise zolAcArya aura vimalamati bhI upalabdha hote haiN| . prastuta kAvya meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva, bharatacakravartI, zAntinAtha, mallisvAmI aura pArzvanAtha ke carita paryApta vistAra pUrvaka varNita kie gae haiN| prastuta carita kAvya kI vizeSatAoM ko isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA (1) isameM sUryodaya, vasanta, vana, sarovara, nagara, rAjasabhA, yuddha, vivAha, viraha, samudratala, Adi ke sundara kAvyAtmaka varNana milate haiN| (2) mahAkAvya kI garimAmayI zailI meM vastuvarNana hai|| (3) sAMsArika saMgharSa ke bIca, jIvana ke una paramatatvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai jinake kAraNa janma-maraNa, zubhAzubha karmoM kA AvAgamana banA rahatA hai| (4) pAtroM kA caritra citraNa sundara hai| (5) prasaMgavaza isameM vibudhAnaMda nAmaka ekAMkI nATaka bhI nibaddha hai| 6. prAkRta-graMtha-pariSada vArANasI I0 san 1961

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32 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya (6) carita meM udAtta tattva upalabdha hai / parisaMvAdoM meM aneka naitika tathyoM kA samAveza huA hai| udAharaNArtha eka saMvAda draSTavya dhana sArthavAha ke eka pradhAna karmacArI se eka vaNika ke IrSyAvazapUchane para ki sArthavAha ke pAsa kitanA dhana hai ? usameM kauna-kauna se guNa haiM ? vaha kyA de sakatA hai ? ina praznoM ke uttara meM maNibhadra sArthavAha ke sambandha meM uttara detA huA kahatA hai ki mere seTha ke pAsa eka vastu hai-viveka bhAva / aura, jo nahIM hai vaha vastu hai-anaacaar|do vastueM-paropakAritA tathA dharma kI abhilASA to hai, para ahaMkAra va kusaMgati nahIM hai| unameM kulazIla evaM rUpa to hai, para dUsare ko nIcA dikhAnA, audhdatya aura paradArAgamana ye doSa nahIM haiN| yathA--- bhaNio ya teNa maNibhaddo jahA-aho muddha muha ! ki tumha satyavAhassa atthajAyamasthi ? kerisA vA guNA ? ki pabhUyaM vitte, kiMvA dAuM samatthotti / ......... iha amha sAmiyassa ekaM ceva asthi viveittaM, evakaM ca patthi annaayaaro|..100 ___ astu, bhAva-bhASA va kAvya kA vividha vidhAoM se yukta AcArya zIlAMka kI yaha eka mahattvapUrNa kRti jaina sAhitya bhaNDAra ko gaurava pradAna karatI hai / isakA gujarAtI anuvAda bhI prakAzita huA hai| (3) cauppannamahApurisa cariya-Amrakavi prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha isa grantha ke 103 adhikAroM meM caupana mahApuruSoM ke caritra varNita haiN| isakA mukhya chanda gAthA hai| zloka parimANa 10050 hai jisameM 8735 gAthAeM aura 100 itaravRtta haiN| grantha ke Adi anta meM amma zabda ke alAvA kavi ne apanI koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM dI hai| grantha samApti ke upasaMhAra meM batalAyA gayA hai ki 6 prativAsudevoM ko jor3a dene se tirasaTha zalAkA puruSa banate haiN| kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki vi0 saM0 1160 meM racita 'AkhyAnamaNikoza' vRttikAra Amradeva aura prastuta kRti ke racayitA eka hI haiM / 10. seTha devacaMda lAlabhAI, baMbaI-san 1968, anu0 AcArya hemasAgarasUri /

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33 prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kintu ukta vRtti meM amma aura Amradeva ke abhinna hone kA koI AdhAra nahIM milatA hai| isa grantha kI anumAnataH 16vIM zatAbdI kI hastalikhita prati khambhAta ke vijayanemisUri zAstra saMgraha meM upalabdha hai|12 (4) bhavabhAvanA ___ maladhArI AcArya hemacandra sUri dvArA racita isa grantha kA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1170 san 1123 mAnA jAtA hai, granthakartA ne isameM 12 bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / kRti meM kula 531 gAthAeM varNita haiM / isameM harivaMza kA varNana savistAra milatA hai / kaMsa vRttAMta, vasudeva carita, devakI vasudeva vivAha, kRSNajanma, kaMsa vadha, neminAtha carita Adi vividha prasaMga isa grantha ke pratipAdya viSaya haiM / ukta kRti meM harivaMza kI utpatti ko dasa AzrayoM meM ginAyA gayA hai / isa prasaMga para dazAha rAjAoM kA ullekha hai| kaMsa kA vRttAMta, vasudeva kA caritra, cArudatta kI kathA, devakI kA vivAha, kRSNa kA janma, neminAtha kA janma, kaMsavadha, rAjImatI kA janma, neminAtha ke vairAgya Adi kA varNana karate hue kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para apanI kAvya pratibhA kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| kathAnaka meM bharata cakravartI ko AryavedoM kA pravartaka, tathA madhupiMga aura pippalAda ko anAryavedoM kA kartA batAyA gayA hai| vasudeva ne ina donoM kA adhyayana kiyA / isameM vAcA, dRSTi, nijUha (mallayuddha) aura zastra ina cAra prakAra ke yuddhoM kA ullekha hai| malloM meM nijUha-yuddha, vAdiyoM meM vAkayuddha, adhama janoM meM zastrayuddha tathA uttama ruSoM meM dRSTiyuddha hotA hai| raivataka parvata para vasantatrIDA, jalakrIDA Adi kA sundara citraNa hai / 12 bhAvanAoM kA isameM savistAra se varNana karate hae kavi ne aneka subhASita die haiM jinameM se kucha draSTavya haiM jassa na hiyayaMmi balaM kuNaMti kiM haMta tassa satthaI / niasattheNa'vi nihaNaM pAvaMti pahINamAhappA / 11. prAkRta TaikTa sosAyaTI vArANasI-AkhyAnamaNikoza kI bhUmikA, pR0 42 12. DaoN. gulAbacanda caudharI, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 6, pR0 72

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya jisake hRdaya meM zakti nahIM, usake zastra kisa kAma meM AeMge ? apane zastra hone para bhI kSoNa zakti vAle puruSa mRtyu ko prApta hote haiM / 13 paDhamaM vi AvayANaM cintayamvo nareNa pddiyaaro| na hi gehammi palita avahaM khaNi tarai koI / -vipatti ke Ane ke pUrva hI usakA upAya socanA caahie| ghara meM Aga lagane para kyA koI kuA khoda sakatA hai ? (5) upadezamAlA (puSpamAlA) prakaraNa ___ maladhArI AcArya apanI isa eka anya kRti ke lie bhI prasiddha hai, kRti ke tapa dvAra meM vAsudeva ke carita kA varNana huA hai 114 prastuta kRti viSaya, zailI aura kavitva kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| dAna, zola, tapa aura bhAvanA ina 4 viSayoM para kavi kA vivecana adhika mAnika dRSTAMtoM ke dvArA vivecita hai| supAtradAna kA phala aneka dRSTAMtoM dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / zIla dvAra meM zIla mAhAtmya ke udAharaNa die gae haiM / tapadvAra meM vasudeva, dRr3haprahAro, viSNukumAra aura skaMdaka Adi ke caritra haiM / bhAvanA ke aMtargata samyakatvazuddhi Adi 144 dvAroM kA prarUpaNa hai / iMdriyaja ke upadeza meM 5 iMdriyoM ke svarUpa ko samajhAyA gayA hai| kaSAya nigraha dvAra meM kaSAyoM ke svarUpoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / kulavAsa-lakSaNa dvAra meM guru ke guNoM kA pratipAdana karate hue ziSya ko vinIta banane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / use kahA gayA hai ki guru kI AjJA kA pUrNa rUpa se pratipAlana karanA caahie| guru ke kupita hone para bhI zAMta rahanA cAhie / doSavighaTana-lakSaNa dvAra meM Agama,zra ta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta ke bhedoM se 5 prakAra vyavahAra ke batalAye gaye haiM / yahA~ Ardra kumAra kA udAharaNa draSTavya hai / virAga-lakSaNa dvAra meM lakSmo ko kulaTA nArI ko upamA dI gayI hai| 13. bhavabhAvanA, pra0 RSabhadevajI kezarImala jI jaina zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma 14. upadezamAlA prakaraNa, pra0 RSabhadeva jI kezarImalajI saMsthA, ratalAbha san 1936 /

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prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya vinaya lakSaNa pratidvAra meM vinaya kA svarUpa, svAdhyAya-rati lakSaNa dvAra meM vaiyyAvatya, svAdhyAya aura namaskAra kA mAhAtmya batalAyA gayA hai| anAyatana tyAga-lakSaNa dvAra meM kusaMga kA phala, mahilA saMsarga ke tyAga kA pratipAdana hai| para-parivAda nirva tti lakSaNa meM paradoSa kathA ko gahita kahA hai| dharma sthiratA lakSaNa dvAra meM jina pUjA Adi kA mahattva dikhalAyA gayA hai parijJAna lakSaNa dvAra meM ArAdhanA kI vidhi kA pratipAdana hai / eka prakAra se isa kRti meM jaina AcAra lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| (6) kumArapAlapaDiboha (kumArapAlapratibodha) kumArapAlapaDiboha ke racanAkAra somaprabhasUri AcArya vijayasiMha sUri ke ziSya the| kumArapAla pratibodha kI racanA san 1984 saMvat 1241 kI mAnI jAtI hai| AcArya hemacandra sUri ne gujarAta ke rAjA kumArapAla ko samaya-samaya para jo zikSAeM aura upadeza die; unakA inhoMne vyavasthita saMkalana taiyAra kiyA aura prastuta grantha ne AkAra grahaNa kara liyaa| isa grantha meM dRSTAMta rUpa meM 54 kathAeM bhI kahI gayI haiM / isI krama meM madirApAna ke ghAtaka pariNAma batAte hue dvArakA dahana kI kathA varNita huI hai aura tapa kI mahattA pratipAdita karane ke prayatna meM rukmiNI kI kathA kahI gaI hai| (7) kaNhacarita (kRSNacarita) prastuta kRti ke racanAkAra devendrasUri jagatcaMdra sUri ke ziSya mAne jAte haiM / jaina purANoM meM varNita kRSNakathA ko hI prastuta kRti meM sthAna milA hai| kaNhacarita ke racanAkAla ke viSaya meM itihAsa mauna hai| kiMtu isa tathya se isa sambandha meM kucha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki racanAkAra devendrasUri kA svargavAsa san 1270 meM huA thaa| kaNhacarita meM kRSNakathA kI ativyApaka paridhi samAviSTa haiM / 16 isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki vasudeva ke 15. kumArapAla paDiboha (kumArapAla pratibodha) sampA0 muni jinavijaya jI, san 1920 meM orieNTala gAyakavADa sIrija meM prakAzita-bar3audA, gujarAtI anuvAda-pra0 AtmAnanda sabhA, baMbaI / 16. kaNhacarita-le0 deveMdra sUri, pra0 kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1930

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya pUrvabhava, kaMsa janma, vasudeva kA bhramaNa, aneka kanyAoM ke sAtha unakA pANigrahaNa, kRSNa janma, kaMsa-vadha, dvArakA nirmANa, kRSNa kI agra mahiSiyAM, pradyumna janma, jarAsaMdha ke sAtha yuddha, neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke vivAha kI carcA Adi aneka prasaMga citrita hue haiN| ina mukhya kathAsUtroM ke sAtha-sAtha katipaya gauNa prasaMga bhI isa kRti ke viSaya bane haiN| jaise-kRSNa baladeva ke pUrvabhava, pANDavoM kA varNana, draupadIharaNa va zrIkRSNa dvArA usakA uddhAra, gajasukumAra carita, thAvaccAputra kA vRttAMta, zrIkRSNa ke dehAvasAna para baladeva kA vilApa aura neminAtha kA varNana Adi / 17 astu, uparyukta kucha aisI racanAeM haiM jo svatantra va prAkRta meM racita haiM aura jinase zrIkRSNa ke jIvana aura caritra para prakAza par3atA hai| ye Agametara sAhitya ke aMtargata parigaNita hotI hai| Agametara sAhitya ke antargata hI AgamoM kI TIkA, bhASyAdi vyAkhyAtmaka grantha bhI mAne jAte haiN| inakA sambandha inake mUla Agama granthoM se hI hai aura racanAkAra usI sImA meM baddha rahe haiM / ataH inheM svatantra sAhitya kI saMjJA nahIM dI jA sakatI / aise vyAkhyAtmaka, sAhityika bhAga meM bhI katipaya mahattvapUrNa grantha draSTavya haiM, jinameM zrIkRSNa carita kI mahattvapUrNa abhivyakti huI hai| isa prakAra kI ullekhanIya sthAna prApta katipaya racanAeM haiM -- (1) kathAkoSa prkrnn| (2) kathAratna koss| (3) AkhyAnamaNi koSa Adi / ina racanAoM meM zrIkRSNa jIvana sanbandhI mahattvapUrNa prasaMga kI sAmagrI yatra-tatra bikharI par3I hai| isa taraha yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai ki Agama jaina kRSNa sAhitya meM samagra kRSNa jIvana carita meM se kRSNa jIvana ke kucha pramukha prasaMga hI jaina kRSNa sAhitya ke vivecya viSaya bane haiN| dUsare aura tIsare adhyAya 17. kaNha carita-le0 deveMdra sUri, pra. kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1930

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prAkRta Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya 37 meM maiMne apanI suvidhAnusAra Agama aura Agametara zrIkRSNa viSayaka prAkRta granthoM kA sahArA lekara apane anuzIlana ke viSaya ko samajhane aura samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / isameM jo tathya ubhare haiM unheM maiMne yathAsaMbhava yathAsthAna yathocita mAtrA meM abhivyakta kara diyA hai| agale adhyAya meM saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya kA vizada sAhityika adhyayana prastuta kiyA jaavegaa|

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4 saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya jaina saMskRta pratinidhika kRSNa kAvya eka adhyayana bhUmikA aba taka hamane saMskRta sAhitya meM jaina kRSNa kAvyoM ke yogadAna para aitihAsika dRSTi se vivecana prastuta kiyA hai, para jina prAtinidhika jaina kRSNa kAvyoM ko hamane apane adhyanArtha liyA hai unakA vizeSa adhyayana aba yahA~ para prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / raviSeNAcArya kRta "padmapurANa carita" ko carita kAvya kI dRSTi se saMskRta jaina kAvya kA Adi grantha mAnA gayA hai / jinasenAcArya ne apane harivaMza purANa kI bhUmikA meM batalAyA hai ki padmapurANa meM rAmacarita vivecita hai / isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 840 meM kI gayI thii| para zrIkRSNa, carita paraMparA ko lekara AcArya jinasena kA "harivaMza purANa" hI jaina saMskRta kRSNa kAvya kA Adi graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| mere isa kathana kI puSTi zrI nAthUrAma premI ne apane prakAzita grantha jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa grantha meM kara dI hai| 1 saMskRta sAhitya meM kAvya kI aneka vidhAeM milatI haiM jo apanI sarasatA va kAvya ke lie vizvabhara meM prasiddha haiM / inakA prabhAva jaina sAhityakAroM para bhI pdd'aa| unhIM ke anukaraNa para jaina lekhakoM ne bhI saMskRta bhASA meM bhinna-bhinna kAvya-vidhAoM meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kI sarjanA kI / yahA~ 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 420 - 28, le0 nAthUrAma premI

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya para maiM isa adhyAya meM kAvya-vidhA kI dRSTi se nimnalikhita rUpa le rahA hUM jo kramazaH isa prakAra haiN| __ carita nAmAnta mahAkAvya, itara nAmAnta mahAkAvya, sandhAna kAvya tathA anekArtha paurANika mahAkAvya / carita mahAkAvya isa vidhA meM mere adhyayana meM kevala ekamAtra kRti upalabdha huI hai jisakA mere adhyetavya viSaya se saMbaMdha hai| anya jaina racanAkAroM kI anya caritroM para kaI racanAeM upalabdha haiM para mere lie unakA adhyayana merI paridhi se bAhara hone se maiMne unako apane adhyayana kA viSaya nahIM bnaayaa| carita mahAkAvyoM kI saMskRta sAhitya meM eka apanI paddhati rahI hai| jaina saMskRta sAhityakAroM ne caritra vizleSaNa kI apanI eka maulika paddhati ko apanAyA (1) pradyumna carita lekhaka ne pradyumna carita ke sAtha pUrA nyAya kiyA hai, pradyumna carita kA lekhaka lATavA gaDa saMgha ke siddhAMtoM ke pAragAmI AcArya jayasena muni ke ziSya guNAkara sena aura unake ziSya mahAsena sUri hI isa mahAkAvya ke lekhaka the| mahAsena sUri sindhurAja muMja ke dvArA sammAnita kie gae, inake mahAmAtya parpaTa ne bhI inake caraNoM kI pUjA karake inakA sammAna kiyA thA tathA isa kRti ko racane kI preraNA bhI dI thii| pradyumna carita ke pratyeka sarga ke anta meM Ane vAlI puSpikA meM isa preraNA kA ullekha milatA hai| itihAsa ke anusAra isa kati kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1031 (974 I0)anumAnAzrita hai| pramANa meM yaha batalAyA jAtA hai ki rAjA muMja I0 saM0 674 meM arthAt vi0 saM0 1031 meM paramAroM kI gaddI para AsIna huA thaa| muMja ke do dAna patra bhI milate haiM jo isI samaya ke haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki I0 saM0 663-668 ke bIca tailappadeva ne muMja kA vadha kiyA thaa| 2. 'zrI siMdhurAjasatkamahAmahatvazrIpappaTaguroH paNDitazrImahAsenAcAryasya kRte' kavi AcArya mahAsena sUri pappaTa ke guru the, aisA isase patA calatA hai| 3. pradyumna carita, saM0 nAthUrAma premI, pra0 hiMdI graMtha, ratnAkara, baMbaI

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40 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya muMja kA uttarAdhikArI usakA anuja siMdhula thaa| jinakA dUsarA nAma nava sAhasAMka siMdhurAja thaa| isI siMdhula kA putra bhoja thaa| usakA varNana merutuMga kI racita prabaMdha citAmaNi meM milatA hai / muMja ke do dAna patroM kA ullekha kramazaH 674 I0 san arthAt saMvata 1031 aura san 676 vi0 saM0 1036 milatA hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki pradyumna carita kI racanA 674 I0 sa0 ke AsapAsa huI hai, aura mahAsena sUri kA samaya 10vIM zatI kA uttarArdha hai| yaha racanA saMvat 1973 meM prakAzita huI hai| jayapura ke kaI grantha bhaNDAroM meM isa kRti ko hastalikhita pratiyA~ upalabdha pradyumna carita ko kathAvastu prathama sarga dvArAvatI kI vaibhavazAlI nagarI meM parAkramI zrIkRSNa kA zAsana thaa| inako atova sundaro paTTarAnI satyabhAmA tho / pRthuvaMzotpanna zrIkRSNa svayaM bhI apUrva sauMdarya rAzi ke dhAraka the| unake samakSa samasta zatru natamastaka ho jAte the : dvitIya sarga ___nArada jo kA dvArakA Agamana hotA hai aura zRMgAra vyasta satyabhAmA dvArA unakI upekSA hotI hai / nArada jI ne satyabhAmA kA rUpagarva cUra karane ke hetu se zrIkRSNa kA vivAha kisI atyaMta rUpavatI rAjakanyA se karAne kI yojanA bnaayii| ve kuNDinapura ke nareza bhISma ke yahA~ phuNce| usakI rAjakumArI kanyA rukmiNI nArada jI kA svAgata satkAra karatI hai aura unako namratApUrvaka namana karatI hai| isase prasanna hokara ve use zrIkRSNa prApti kA AzIrvAda pradAna karate haiN| isa aparUpa sundarI kA citraphalaka lekara ve punaH zrIkRSNa ke pAsa A jAte haiM aura zrIkRSNa rukmiNI para anurakta ho jAte haiN| ve mana hI mana use prApta karane kA saMkalpa kara lete haiM / rukmiNI ne bhI 4. zrIlATavarga nabhastalapUrNacaMdra jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 411 5. mANikacaMdra digaMbara jaina graMthamAlA, baMbaI 6. jinavANI mAsika patrikA, julAI 1966 pR0 26,

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41 saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya zrIkRSNa ko chavi ko apane hRdaya meM aMkita kara liyA aura mana hI mana unheM pati mAna liyaa| bhoSmaputra rukmikumAra bahana kA vivAha zizupAla se karanA cAhatA thaa| isa parivartita paristhiti meM vaha zizupAla ko vivAhArtha nimaMtrita karatA hai| isa tathya ko sUcanA dete hue nArada jI ne zrIkRSNa ko rukmiNI haraNa kara lene kA parAmarza diyaa| tRtIya sarga zrIkRSNa balarAma kuNDinapura ke udyAna meM pahuMcate haiN| usa samaya kAmadevArcanArtha rAjakumArI rukmiNI bhI udyAna meM AyI thii| zrIkRSNa usakA apaharaNa kara lete haiN| rukmi aura zizupAla dvArA pIchA kie jAne para ve zizupAla kA vadha kara dete haiM aura rukmiNI ko dvArakA le jAkara usake sAtha pANigrahaNa karate haiN| isI sarga meM eka kautuka aura hotA hai, zrIkRSNa zveta vastroM meM sajjita rukmiNI ko upavana meM baiThA dete haiM aura svayaM usake samIpa hI chipa jAte haiN| satyabhAmA upavana meM AtI hai aura isa zvetavastravRtA alaukika sundarI ko devAMganA samajhakara usakI arcanA karatI hai / vaha varadAna mA~gatI hai ki zrIkRSNa usI ke ho jAeM aura rukmiNI kI upekSA karane laga jaaeN| tatkAla zrIkRSNa prakaTa ho jAte haiM aura unake manda-manda hAsa se yaha rahasya bhI prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki vaha devAMganA rUpI svayaM rukpiNo hI hai / isase donoM sapatniyoM meM ghaniSTha maitrI nirmANa ho jAtI cauthA sarga zra kRSNa aura balazama kI upasthiti meM rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA donoM vacanabaddha ho jAtI haiM ki inameM se jo bhI pahale putravatI hogI vaha apane putra ke vivAha ke avasara para dUsarI kA sira muNDita karavA degii| saMyoga se rukmiNI ko pahale putra prApti ho jAtI hai| kiMtu, janma ke 5veM dina hI dhUmaketu asura dvArA usakA apaharaNa kara liyA jAtA hai aura vaha usa zizu ko vAtarakSaka giri para ArakSita avasthA meM chor3a jAtA hai| vidyAdhara rAja kAlasaMvara isa zizu ko apanA letA hai aura ghoSaNA kara detA hai ki usakI rAnI kanakamAlA ne rAjakumAra ko janma diyA hai| rAjakumAra kA nAma pradyumna rakhA jAtA hai /

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya pAMcavAM sarga putra ke apaharaNa se duHkhita rukmiNI vilApa karane lagatI hai| samasta dvArakA meM tahalakA-sA maca jAtA hai| dhanI khoja kI jAtI hai kiMtu bAlaka ke viSaya meM koI sUtra hAtha nahIM lagatA hai| sImandhara svAmI kA samavasaraNa jahAM saMyojita thA vahA~ nArada jI videha jAte haiN| ve svAmI jI se rukmiNI ke putra ke viSaya meM prazna karate haiM aura unheM uttara milatA hai ki dhUmaketu ne pUrvabhava ke vairavaza usakA apaharaNa kara liyA hai| kAlasaMvara ke rAjaparivAra meM bAlaka bar3A ho rahA hai aura 16 varSa pazcAt vaha mAtA-pitA ke pAsa lauTa aaegaa| kevalI svAmI pradyumna ke pUrvabhava ke vRttAnta bhI sunAte haiN| pUrvabhava kI yaha kathA sAtaveM sarga meM AyI hai| chaThA sarga ayodhyA nagarI meM rAjA ariMjaya kA zAsana hai / usakI rAnI pratikara ke do putra haiM- pUrNabhadra aura mnnibhdr| rAjA muni ke upadeza se prati buddha hokara virakta ho jAtA hai aura putra ko rAjyAsana sauMpa detA hai| do vaNik putra bhI zrAvaka dharma svIkAra karate haiM aura muni dvArA kuttiyoM evaM mAtaMga kI pUrvabhava kI kathAeM sunakara ve bhI dIkSita ho antataH svargalAbha karate haiN| sAtavA~ sarga kausalanagarI kA rAjA hemanAbha hai / isake do putra madhu aura kaiTabha haiM / madhu ko rAjA aura kaiTabha ko yuvarAja banAkara rAjA apanI rAnI sahitA saMnyAsa grahaNa kara letA hai| madhu kaiTabha donoM apAra parAkramI hote haiM / sabhI rAjA mahArAjA unake caraNoM meM natamastaka rahate haiN| bhIma unake rAjya meM praveza kara utpAta macAtA hai, nagara jalA detA hai aura prajA ko kaSTa detA hai| astu, madhu bhIma para AkramaNa karatA hai| mArga meM anya rAjA hemaratha usakA samarthana va svAgata karatA hai aura madhu hemaratha kI rUpavatI rAnI para Asakta ho jAtA hai, kiMtu maMtriyoM ke parAmarzAnusAra vaha pahale bhIma kA vadha karatA hai aura lauTate samaya hemaratha kI rAnI ko bhI apane sAtha le AtA hai| priyAvihIna rAjA hemaratha devayoni meM jAte haiM / svarga se cyuta hokara madhu kA jIva hI pradyumna rUpa meM janma letA hai aura kaiTabha kA jIva jAmbavatI ke putra ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / rAjA hemaratha kA jIva dhUmaketu ke rUpa meM janmatA

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya haiN| pUrvabhava ke isI vaira ke kAraNa dhUmaketu pradyumna kA apaharaNa karatA hai| nArada jI ko pUrvabhava kI isa kathA kA jJAna sImandharasvAmI karAte haiN| AThavA~ sarga bAlaka pradyumna kAlasaMvara ke rAjaparivAra meM bar3A hone lagatA hai / kAla:saMvara ke aneka zatruoM ko vaha parAjita karatA hai| prasanna kAlasaMvara apanI patnI ko die gae vacana ko pUrNa karate hue pradyumna ko yuvarAja pada para pratiSThita kara dete haiN| pariNAmataH usake 500 putra pradyamna se IrSyA karane lagate haiN| pratizodhavaza ve use nAga, rAkSasAdi ke nivAsavAlI vijayAddha kandarA meM le jAte haiM aura apane apUrva parAkrama se pradyumna unheM apane vaza meM kara letA hai| pradyamna jyoM-jyoM Ayu prApta karatA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM vaha rUpa sauMdarya aura zakti-parAkrama meM adhikAdhika nikharatA calA jAtA hai| rAnI kaMcanamAlA usake rUpa mAdhurya para Asakta ho jAtI hai aura praNaya prastAva karatI hai / isa anaucitya se pradyumna hataprabha raha jAtA hai| kiMtu, kaMcanamAlA kI kAma prabalatA dekha kara vaha yukti se kAma letA hai| yadi vaha kaMcanamAlA kA prastAva svIkAra kara letA hai to use kAlasaMvara aura usake putroM se saMgharSa karanA par3egA / aisI avasthA meM AtmarakSA ke upAya ke bahAne se vaha kanakalatA se vidyAeM grahaNa kara letA hai / aMtataH jaba kaMcanamAlA kI manokAmanA pradyumna dvArA pUrNa nahIM hotI to vaha usa para apane sAtha balAtkAra karane kA Aropa lagA detI hai| rAjA aura usake putra kruddha ho jAte haiN| taba taka pradyumna kI isa parivAra meM AvAsa kI avadhi pUrNa ho jAtI hai aura dvArakA ke lie prasthAna karatA hai| use daMDita karane ke lie rAjA senA bhejatA hai / vaha svayaM bho jAtA hai, kintu vidyAbala se pradyumna kI sAro kathA kA vivecana karate hue kaMcanamAlA ke SaDyaMtra kA rahasya prakaTa kara detA hai| isameM kAlasaMvara saMtuSTa hokara usa para prasanna ho jAtA hai| nauvA~ sarga pradyumna nArada jI ke sAtha jaba dvArakA pahuMcatA hai to usa samaya vahA~ vivAhotsava kA vAtAvaraNa hai / satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu kA pANigrahaNa duryodhana kI putrI udadhi se hone vAlA thaa| vacanabaddhatA ke anusAra rukmiNI ko apane

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44 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya sira ke keza kataravAne the| vaha pati aura putra ke jIvita hote hue bhI isa Asanna vivazatA kI paristhiti se bar3I duHkhita ho jAtI hai| mAtA ko isa saMkaTa se ubArane ke lie pradyumna vanecara ke veSa meM udadhi kA haraNa kara letA hai tAki vivAha hI sampanna na ho ske| nArada jI ke samakSa udadhi vilApa karatI hai aura pradyumna apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa karatA hai| udadhi usa para anurakta ho jAtI hai| yuddha meM vaha satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu ko parAjita kara detA hai / marakaTa rUpa dhAraNa kara vaha upavana aura nagara ke aneka bhAgoM ko naSTa kara detA hai / meSa dvArA balarAma ko bhI mUcchita kara detA hai / taba vaha atyanta kurUpa aura malina veza meM mAtA rukmiNI ke bhavana meM AtA hai| zrIkRSNa ke nimitta bane hue sabhI pakavAna vaha use khilAtI hai / taba vaha apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa karatA hai| vidyAbala se vaha mAtA ko bAlakrIDAoM ke dRzya dikhAtA hai| pradyumna isake pazcAt yAdavoM aura duryodhana kI senAoM ke sAtha mAyAvI yuddha karatA hai / dasavA~ sarga ___ isI bhISaNa yuddha meM pradyumna kA bANa-kauzala dekhakara zrIkRSNa cakita raha jAte haiN| ve usase bAhuyuddha kA prastAva karate haiM jise pradyumna svIkAra kara letA hai| paraspara sambandha se aparicita pitA zrIkRSNa apane hI putra pradyumna se bAhuyuddha ke lie usake sAmane khar3e hote haiM / pitA-putra ko Amane-sAmane dekhakara nArada jI bar3e kauzala se pradyumna kA paricaya de dete haiM / zrIkRSNa bar3e prasanna hote haiM / Avabhagata ke sAtha pradyumna kA nagara praveza hotA hai / zrIkRSNa udadhi ke sAtha pradyumna kA vivAha karAte haiN| kAlasaMvara aura kanakalatA bhI vivAhotsava meM sammilita hote haiM / gyArahavAM sarga zrIkRSNa jAmbavatI putra zAmba ko eka kulona strI ke zIlabhaMga ke aparAdha meM nirvAsita kara dete haiN| vasantavihArArtha vana ko gae hue pradyumna kI bheMTa zAMba se hotI hai| vaha zAMba kA vivAha sampanna karatA hai, pradyumna ke bhI anya aneka vivAha hote haiN| usako aniruddha nAmaka putra ko prApti bhI hotI hai|

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya 45 bArahavA~ sarga tIrthaMkara bhagavAna neminAtha kA pallava deza se vihAra kara saurASTra meM Agamana hotA hai| yAdavoM ne samavazaraNa meM jAkara prabhu kI vaMdanA kii| bhagavAna ne baladeva ke prazna ke uttara meM vyakta kiyA ki dvaipAyana RSi, madirA aura agni ke kAraNa dvArakA naSTa ho jAegI aura jaratkumAra ke bANa se zrIkRSNa kA nidhana hogaa| AtmaglAni vaza jaratkumAra vana meM jAkara AkheTaka jIvana bitAne lagatA hai / yAdavagaNa prabhu kI isa bhaviSya-vANI se cintita ho uThate haiN| terahavA~ sarga zrIkRSNa apanI rAjasabhA meM AsIna the / anya yAdavakumAroM ke sAtha pradyumna hari kI sevA meM upasthita hotA hai aura bhagavAna neminAtha ke sAnnidhya meM dIkSA grahaNa kara lene kI apanI abhilASA vyakta karatA hai| mAtA-pitA se anumati pAkara vaha dIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai / satyabhAmA aura rukmiNI bhI dIkSita ho jAtI haiN| caudahavA~ sarga pradyumna muni ghora tapasyA karate haiM / guNasthAnoM kA ArohaNa karake aura karma prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karake ve kevalajJAna prApta kara lete haiN| zAMba, aniruddha, kAma Adi bhI muni jIvana grahaNa kara lete haiM / aMtataH muni pradyumna adhAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa kara nirvANa lAbha kara lete haiM / saMkSepa meM caturdaza sargoM meM varNita pradyumna carita kI yahI kathA hai| AdhAra-grantha kathAnaka-srota isa saMskRta mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka ke AdhAra mukhyataH do jaina paurANika grantha rahe haiN|' jinasenAcArya (prathama) kRta harivaMzapurANa evaM 2 guNabhadrAcArya viracita uttrpuraann| prastuta kathAnaka kA saMbaMdha harivaMzapurANa ke 47 sarga (20veM padya se) evaM 48 veM sarga (36veM padya taka) se hai| isI prakAra ukta kathAvastu uttarapurANa ke 72veM parva meM vivecita hai| 7. bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI-harivaMzapurANa pra0 san 1962 8. bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI dvArA prakAzita uttarapurANa pra0 san 1954

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya afa mahAsena ne pradyumnacaritam kI kathAvastu meM katipaya sthaloM para parivartana bhI kara die haiM / udAharaNArtha harivaMzapurANAnusAra anuraktA rukmiNI zrIkRSNa ko praNayapAtI bhejakara bulAtI hai, jabaki prastuta kAvya meM zrIkRSNa nArada jI ke parAmarza se svataH pahuMca jAte haiM aura rukmiNI kA haraNa kara dete haiM / harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra pradya umnakumAra kAlasaMvara ke eka zatru siMharatha ko hI vaza meM karatA hai / jaba ki prastuta racanA meM pradyumna dvArA usake sabhI zatruoM kA parAbhava aMkita kiyA gayA hai / isI se prasanna hokara kAlasaMvara use yuvarAja ghoSita kara detA hai / yaha ullekha to donoM granthoM meM milatA hai kintu prastuta grantha ke anusAra zizu pradya umna ko apanAte samaya hI kAlasaMvara use yuvarAja banAne kA vacana kaMcanamAlA ko de detA hai / aba usakA parAkrama dekhakara vaha apanA vacana pUrA karatA hai / donoM kAvyoM meM varNita hai ki kAlasaMvara ke putra pradyumna ko aneka vanoM kandarAoM kA bhramaNa karanA par3A hai, jahA~ para use nAnA prakAra ke zastrAstra prApta hote haiM / harivaMzapurANa meM yaha prasaMga paryApta rUpa se vistRta hai / katipaya vanoM ke nAmoM ( kapittha, vallIka Adi) kA ullekha bhI hai / prastuta kAvya meM aisA nahIM kiyA gayA / 46 mna uttarapurANa meM pradyumna carita saMkSepa meM varNita hai, kintu mahAsena kavi ne (pradya umnacaritam ) kAvya meM ise hI paryApta rUpa se AdhAra ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai / dhUmaketu kA vaira evaM usake dvArA pradyumnaharaNa, pradyuma ko apanAte samaya kaMcanamAlA dvArA kAlasaMvara se anurodha ki isa bAlaka ko yuvarAja banAyA jAe / kAlasaMvara dvArA pradyumna ko vana bhramaNa karAyA jAnA aura pradyumna dvArA nAga, rAkSasAdi ko vaza meM kiyA jAnA jaise kaI aise prasaMga haiM jo uttarapurANa aura prastuta kAvya meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hote haiM / sAtha hI ina donoM racanAoM meM katipaya antara bhI milate haiM / kAlasaMvara ke parivAra meM bAlaka kA nAma pradyumna yA madana nahIM hai / yahA~ para eka nAma devadatta rakhA jAtA hai| pradya umna ko gaurI aura prajJapti do vidyAe~ prApta hotI haiM / uttarapurANa ke anusAra kevala eka prajJapti vidyA kI prApti hotI hai / eka pramukha asamAnatA vizeSa rUpa se dhyAtavya hai / vaha yaha ki kaMcanamAlA sarva prakAra se nirAza hokara jaba pradyumnakumAra para zIla bhaMga karane kA mithyA Aropa lagAtI hai to uttarapurANAnusAra

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47 saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya kAlasaMvara apane putroM ko Adeza detA hai ki pradyumna ko vana meM le jAkara usakA vadha kara deN| ve use vana meM le jAte haiM aura agnikuMDa meM kUda par3ane ke lie use prerita karate haiN| devI se use ratnamaya kuMDala prApta hote haiN| eka anya devI use zaMkha aura mahAjAla pradAna karatI hai| katipaya anya sthAnoM ke deviyoM se bhI use aneka vastue~ prApta hotI haiM / prastuta kAvya kA yaha prasaMga anya hI prakAra kA hai / isI prakAra dvArakA lauTane para pradyumna prastuta kAvyAnusAra jo lIlAeM karatA hai ve uttarapurANa ke prasaMga se bhinna rUpa kI haiN| pradyumnacaritam kA mahAkAvyatva __ prastuta kathAkAvya mahAkAvyatva kI kasauTI para saphala siddha hotA hai| kathAvastu niyamAnusAra aneka sargoM meM vibhakta hai aura sargoM kI saMkhyA bhI 14 hai / eka sarga meM eka hI chaMda prayukta huA hai aura sargAnta sUcaka chaMda-parivartana bhI milatA hai / kAvya kI kathA vastu purANa prasiddha hai aura isameM karuNa, vIra aura zRMgAra rasa aMgI rUpa meM tathA zAntarasa aMga rUpa meM milatA hai| nagara, samudra, parvata, sandhyA, prAtaH, Rtu, yAtrA, yuddhAdi ke prabhAvapUrNa barNana haiM / mahAkAvya kA nAyaka pradyumnakumAra hai, usakI gaNanA kAmadevoM meM kI jAtI hai| yathA kAlesu jiNavarANAM cauvIsANaM havaMti cauvIsA / te bAhubalippamuhA kNdppaannismaannaay|| pratinAyaka isameM nahIM miltaa| yadyapi pradyumna kA saMgharSa zrIkRSNa se hotA hai aura kAlasaMvara se bho, kiMtu inameM se koI bhI khalanAyaka athavA pratinAyaka kI koTi meM nahIM hai| khalanAyaka to nAyaka dvArA phalApti ke mArga meM paga-paga para avarodha upasthita karane vAlA pAtra hotA hai / pAThakoM kI sahAnubhUti bhI usake prati nahIM rhtii| zrIkRSNa athavA kAlasaMvara kI yaha sthiti nahIM rhtii| yuvarAja ghoSita hone para kAlasaMvara ke putra avazya hI pradya gna se IrSyA rakhate haiM kiMtu ve bho nirantara virodha nahIM krte| 6. caubIsa tIrthakaroM ke samayoM meM anupama AkRti ke dhAraka bAhabalI Adi caubIsa pramukhakAmadevoM meM mAne gae haiN| kAmadeva eka pada hai jisa para pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke kAla meM kisI puNyAtmA ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna neminAtha ke samaya pradyumna ko yaha sthAna prApta thaa|

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48 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya nAyaka ke jIvana ko sarvAza meM grahaNa karate hue kathAnaka kA gaThana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra kathAnaka mahAkAvyopayukta bana gayA hai, kintu kathA krama kA zAstrIya vikAsa isameM nahIM miltaa| yaha eka carita kAvya hI hai aura sIdhe-sIdhe nAyaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko citrita karane kI ora hI kavi kA dhyAna rahA hai / yadi pradyumna dvArA mokSa prApti ko phala mAnA jAe to isa phala ko lakSya mAnate hue kathAnaka kA vikAsa hI nahIM huaa| AdyopAMta isa phala kI prApti kA prayatna nAyaka dvArA nahIM hotA aura na isa prApti ke mArga meM vyavadhAna Aye haiN| vastu-vyApAra-varNana __deza-kAla paristhiti ke citraNa meM bhI kavi kA kauzala prakaTa huA hai / mahAkAvya dvArA saurASTra deza kA bahupakSIya, sajIva citra ubharakara AyA hai| nadI-sarovara, vana-upavana, vanacara, jIvajantu Adi kA yathAsthAna saMdara varNana huA hai / vastu varNana se kathya bhI kAphI sarasa ho gayA hai| mahAkAvya meM yaha vastu varNana do rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| kavi dvArA zuddha varatu varNana aura dUsarA pAtroM kI bhAvanAbhivyaMjanA ke rUpa meN| donoM svarUpa prastuta kAvya meM varNita haiN| prathama prakAra ke vastuvyApAra varNana meM saurASTradeza ke vastuvyApAravarNana draSTavya hai : sahasrasaMkhyaiH sitaraktanIlaiH sarAMsi yasmijjalavirejuH / kutUhaleneva madIyalakSmI draSTuM sametaiH surarAjanetraiH / 19 jisa saurASTra deza ke sarovaroM meM zveta rakta aura nIlavaNaM ke sahasroM kamala vikasita ho suzobhita ho rahe the / unheM dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA thA, mAno indra ke sahasra netra kutUhala ke kAraNa isa deza kI lakSmI ko dekhane ke lie prastuta ho gae hoN| ramaNiyAM apane bhavanoM kI chata para baiThakara gIta gAtI thIM, unake manohara gItoM ko sunakara candramA kI goda meM rahane vAlA hariNa madhura gAna 10. pradyumnacaritra, saMpA0- nAthUrAma premI, pra. hindI graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bmbii|

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya se AkRSTa hokara vahAM calA AtA thaa| ataeva candramA ko vahAM se Age calAnA kaThina thA kyoMki jisa sthAna para candramA svayaM upasthita ho usa sthAna ke saundarya kA citraNa karane ke lie kavi ko upamAna nahIM milaa| dUsare prakAra kA vastuvarNana caritra vivecana ke sAtha ApAtataH A gayA hai / ataH yahA~ maiMne use nahIM liyA hai| caritra-citraNa prastuta kathAkAvya kA nAyaka pradyumna rAjavaMzotpanna kulIna aura guNazAlI puruSa hai| vaha 24 kAmadevoM meM sthAna prApta pratiSTita bAhubalI aura puNyapuruSa hai / vaha jitendriya satpuruSa hai| pradyumna meM zAstrIya dRSTi se eka dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke samara taguNa vidyamAna haiN| sarvathA pratikUla paristhitiyoM se ghira jAne para bhI vaha kabhI adhIra nahIM hotA aura sAhasa nahIM khotaa| vijayAdri kI gaphA meM usakI isa vizeSatA kA paricaya milatA hai jaba vaha phuphakArate hue pracaMDa viSadhara se bhir3a jAtA hai aura pUMcha pakar3akara vaha use bhUmi para paTaka detA hai|11 AmravRkSa para rahane vAle kapirUpadhArI dhanada se bhI pradyumna nirbhayatA ke sAtha yuddha karane lagatA hai / 12 isI prakAra kapitthavana meM kapirUpadhArI bhayaMkara asura se usane bAhuyuddha kiyA aura usakI sUMDa, dAMta aura paira pakar3akara use aisA ghumAyA ki vaha madahIna ho gayA / 1 varAhagiri para varAha ke sAtha bhI usane vIratA ke sAtha yuddha kiyA / 14 pradyumna saMyama aura pralobhanoM para vijaya prApta karane vAlA hai| kaMcanamAlA ke praNayaprastAva meM usakI saMyama-zIlatA kA spaSTa paricaya mila jAtA hai| dvArakA-vinAza sambandhI bhaviSyavANI se usake mana meM virakti jAgata ho jAtI hai aura vaha dIkSita hokara aMtataH nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| kavi ne isa prakAra pradyumna kumAra ke caritra kA eka ujjvala pakSa prastuta kiyA hai| __ anya puruSa-pAtroM meM zrIkRSNa, balarAma, nArada aura kAlasaMvara ke 11. pradyumna carita 8.15-18 12. 8.56-62 864-68 871-82 13. 14.

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya ullekhanIya citraNa milate haiM / kAlasaMvara udAtta aura dayAlu svabhAva kA hai| parvatazikhA para asahAya zizu ko dekhakara usakA hRdaya dravita ho uThA aura usane use putravat apanA liyaa| kaMcanamAlA ko yaha AzvAsita kiyA ki usake zizu ko yuvarAja banAyA jaaegaa| kAlasaMvara vIra bhI hai| pradyumna ke sAtha ke yuddha meM usakI isa vizeSatA kA paricaya milatA hai| nArI-pAtroM meM rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA ko citraNa meM pramukhatA milI hai| satyabhAmA ke caritra meM sapatnI DAha kA raMga vizeSa rUpa se ubharA hai| isake viparIta rukmiNI ko sadguNa-sampanna, suzIla aura vivekayukta dikhAyA gayA hai| zizu pradyumna ke apaharaNa ke samaya vaha jisa prakAra karuNa-krandana aura vilApa karatI hai usase usake vAtsalyapUrNa mAtRtva kI jhalaka prApta hotI hai| putra ke punarmilana se vaha harSonmatta ho bAla-lIlAoM se vibhora ho uThatI hai| isase usakI mamatA kI gahanatA kA paricaya milatA hai / kavi ne rukmiNI ke caritra meM nArI sulabha sabhI sadguNoM kA samAveza bar3o kuzalatA ke sAtha kara diyA hai| rasa, chaMda aura alaMkAra yojanA prastuta kAvya pradyumnacaritam meM kavi mahAsena ne sthAna-sthAna para vibhinna rasoM kI sRSTi kI hai / zRMgAra, karuNa, bIbhatsa, raudra, zAnta Adi kA paripAka isa racanA meM dRSTigata hotA hai| bhAvoM ke svAbhAvika udreka evaM vibhAvoM ke pratyakSIkaraNa ke nimitti alaMkAroM kA Azraya sArthaka rahatA hai| isa uddezya se alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM kavi prastuta kRti meM saphala rahA hai| kAvya meM saMgIta tattva kI abhivRddhi ke lie kavi ne anuprAsoM kA vizeSa rUpa se prayoga kiyA hai| yamaka, punarukti, vopsA, zleSa, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, bhrAntimAna, saMdeha, apanhuti, atizayokti, asaMgati, vyatireka, arthAntaranyAsa, parisaMkhyA Adi aneka prakAra ke alaMkAra kAvyAbhUSaNa nagInoM kI bhA~ti jar3e hue haiN| isI prakAra prasaMgAnurUpa chaMdoM kA prayoga bhI vyavasthita DhaMga se huA hai / japajAti, zArdUla vikrIDita, vasaMtatilakA, vaMzastha, praharSiNI, drutavilaMbita, pRthvI, anuSTup, upendra vajrA, mAlinI, lalitA, zAlinI Adi aneka prakAra ke chaMdoM kA kavi ne prayoga kiyA hai|

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya rasa zRMgArarasa - kAvya meM rukmiNI aura zrIkRSNa kI kelikrIDA ke rUpa meM saMyoga zrRMgAra kA citraNa citrita hai - yathA 15 narmamarmaparibAlanA giraH satyayA saha vidhAya kezavaH / svAJcalasthAMkitavaktrapaGkajaH svApakelimAlambya tasthivAn / yahA~ rukmiNI Alambana aura zrIkRSNa Azraya haiM / rukmiNI ke sAtha bhoge hue bhogoM ko zrIkRSNa satyabhAmA ke yahA~ zRMgArocita sapatnIka IrSyA ke rUpa meM vyakta karate haiM / ataH rati ke sthAyI bhAva kI abhivyakti hotI hai / mAlatI, candana, zaratkAlIna cAkSa, kamala, dhanasAra, uzIra Adi zItalatA pradAna karane vAlI vastueM saMtApa ko vRddhiMgata karatI thIM / virahAgni se saMtapta use kisI bhI prakAra se zAMti prApta nahIM ho rahI thI / isa prasaMga meM hemaratha kI patnI AlaMbana hai / uddIpana vasaMta Rtu hai, anubhAva madhu kI zArIrika ceSTAeM haiM aura harSa - cintA aura autsukya Adi saMcArI bhAva hai| isI prakAra zAMtarasa vIrarasa Adi kA bhI kavi ne sundara prayoga kiyA hai / katipaya alaMkAroM ke udAharaNa kAvya-sauSThava kI zrIvRddhi ke lie alaMkAroM kA apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / prastuta kRti alaMkAroM kI dRSTi se bhI samRddha hai / anuprAsa 10 mukhapaMkajaM mukhasugandhiyayA na hi / pIyate'sya sarasaM sudRzA || yahAM mukhapaMkaja aura mukha sugandhi meM anuprAsa hai / virodhAbhAsa 17 mAtaMga saMgasavato'pi bhuJjAno medinImapi / strImanonetracauro'pi sa tathApi satAM yataH / 51 15. pradyumna caritra 3 / 45 16. vahI 8 / 117 17. vahI 6 / 14

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jaina paraMparA zrIkRSNa sAhitya mAtaMga cANDAla ke sAtha rahane para bhI satAM/sajjanoM dvArA mAnya hai| yaha virodhAbhAsa hai / ataH jo nIca durAcArI cANDAla ke sAtha rahegA, vaha sajjanoM dvArA mAnya nahIM ho sktaa| cANDAla hAthiyoM ke sahita hone para bhI vaha sajjanoM dvArA mAnya thaa| yahAM para bhI yahI virodhAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra yamaka, upamA, bhrAntimAna Adi ke udAharaNa bhI dRSTavya haiM / bhASA-zailI prasAda madhura vANo dvArA saMskRta kAvya ko rasa sarasatA pravAhita karane ke lie prakhyAta kavi mahAsena ko kAvyazailI vaidarbhI DhaMga ko hai| isI zailI kA prayoga unake kAvya meM bhI huA hai| pariNAmataH isameM saralatA, prAsAdikatA ora svAbhAvikatA ke sahaja darzana ho jAte haiN| pada-lAlitya isa kAvya ko pramukha zailogata vizeSatA hai / sthAna-sthAna para sUktiyoM ke prayogoM se zailI aura bho sazakta ho uTho hai| jaise kucha sUktiyA~ isa pada meM sUcita haiN| prAkRto hi vinayo mahAtmanAm / zAko hi nAma paramAnavatAmupaiti / / pradyumnacaritam sauMdarya aura zRMgAra kA kAvya hai / prathama do sarga to bar3e hI rasayukta aura AkarSaka haiM / kAvya ke praNayana meM kavi ko saundarAnanda, buddhacarita, raghuvaMza, meghadUta, kumArasaMbhava Adi mahAna racanAoM se preraNA milI hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai / padalAlitya ke lie nimna udAharaNa draSTavya na donajAtA navalasvabhAvA na nimnagAvA na kalaMkitApi / jalAzayA naiva ca satyabhAmA bhAryAbhavattasya prarAjitazrIH // samAdhi TUTane para zrIkRSNa rukmiNI ke uThate hae sauMdarya kA avalokana karate haiM, aisA kavi ne likhA hai nighuntudaH kezakalApamarmaNA, mukhendumAdAtumi vApa saMnidhim / ajAyatAsyAH supayodharonnatiH samunmanIkartumanaMgakekitam // zItala vAyuke calane se saMsAra kAMpa rahA hai aura bAdaloM se mUsalAdhAra vRSTi ho rahI hai / kRSaka loga kAMpate hue samasta halopakaraNoM ko chor3akara ghara cale gae haiN|

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya prasAda mAdhurya tathA oja ina samasta guNoM kA samanvaya bhI yatra tatra upalabdha hotA hai| yahA~ para kucha udAharaNa die jAte haiN| mAdhuryaguNa 18 tanvI svayaM murajitA karapaMkajAbhyAM utthApitA malayajAdi rasena siktaa| pUrNa nabho vivadhatI karaNasvanena mRcchoM vihAya hariNA sahasA ruroda / / ojaguNa reNurghaNTAsanyayoraNAnAM cakruH zabdaM kAhalaM kAhalazca / 20 bherIbhambhAstUryabhedAMzca ye'nye ceruvizva vyAptadikkAH santAt / / prasAda mitraM samohAri yazo vibhUSA / niyatito jaladhau patite rvii| yaha satya hai ki mahAkavi ne kisI bhI bhAva ko jyoM kA tyoM grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai, usane apanI pratibhA se bhAvoM meM sphIti utpanna kI hai aura unheM eka nayA parivartana rUpa pradAna kiyA hai jo atyaMta manohArI bana gayA hai| chanda-yojanA kAvya meM chaMdoM kA upayoga kavi apanI vizada abhivyaMjanA ke lie karatA hai / yaha abhivyakti nAda saundarya yukta zabdoM se prakaTa hotI hai| chaMda kAvya ke lie dhvani sambandhI eka kalA hai| isake sAtha gati, yati aura laya ye bhI Avazyaka ho jAte haiN| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke zabdoM meM chaMda vAstava meM baMdhI huI laya ke bhinna-bhinna DhAMcoM (painTarsa) kA yoga hai, jo nidiSTa lambAha kA hotA hai / laya-svara ke car3hAva-utAra-svara ke choTe-choTe 18. pradyumna caritra 5 / 16 16. vahI 6 / 346 20. vahI 121 21 vahI 4 / 28

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jaina paraMparA zrIkRSNa sAhitya DhA~ce hI haiM jo kisI chaMda ke caraNa ke bhItara vyasta rahate haiM / 22 kavi ne vividha prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| prakRti-citraNa kavi ne vasanta, zarad, sandhyA, rajanI, candra, sUrya aura uSA Adi kA prakRti citraNa bar3e sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai / yahA~ para do udAharaNa vasanta ke varNana meM draSTavya haiM- prathama meM vasanta ke prabhAva kA vivecana hai to dUsare meM vasanta kI rAtri kI kSINatA kA vivecana hai 34 sarvato mukulayan sahakArAn puSpayannanu vanaM vanarAjIm / antare'tra samavApa vasantaH kSArasevanamiva kSatamadhye || 23 yAminI priyatamApavRzatvaM khaNDiteva zazinA dayitena / vAyavo malayajA vavurasya tApazAntikRtaye kRpayeva // 24 (2) ne minirvANakAvyam kRti aura kRtikAra 25 mahAkAvya neminirvANakAvyam apane 15 sargoM kI paridhi meM 22 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ariSTanemi kA jIvana vRttAMta prastuta karatA hai / prastuta mahAkAvya ke karttA vAgbhaTa prathama haiM! vAgbhaTa kI yaha prasiddha kRti jahA~ apane kAvya camatkAroM ke lie vikhyAta hai vahA~ apane dUsare pakSa meM bhI vaha pIche nahIM hai / kAvya apane mArmika prasaMgoM ke kAraNa pAThakoM ke mAnasa paTala para chA jAtA hai aura apanA prabhAva aMkita kara detA hai / vAgbhaTa nAmadhArI ekAdhika vidvAna hue haiM / prastuta mahAkAvya kI eka hastalikhita prati upalabdha huI hai jisakA lekhanakAla 1727 vikramasaMvat hai| ukta prati meM eka prazasti zloka milatA hai / 26 22 AcArya rAmacaMdra zukla, kAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR0 135, prathama saMskaraNa, saM0 1986 23. pradyumna caritra 7 / 37 24. vahI 7-38 25. neminirvANa - saM0 paM0 zivadatta zarmA tathA kAzInAtha zarmA, prakA0 nirNaya sAgara presa, baMbaI, 1936 I0 meM pra0 / 26. jaina siddhAMta bhavana ArA kI prati /

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya 55 ahicchatrapurotpanna prAgvATakulazAlinaH / chAhaDasya sutazcake prabandhaM vAgbhaTaH kaviH // yaha prazasti zloka zravaNa belagolA ke sva0 paM0 daurbali jinadAsa zAstrI ke pustakAlaya vAlI neminirvANa kAvya kI prati meM prApta hai| aura, isase vidita hotA hai ki kavi vAgbhaTa prathama kA janma prAgvAT (poravADa) vaMza meM ahicchatrapura meM huA aura unake pitA kA nAma chAhaDa thaa| kavi digaMbara saMpradAya kA thaa| ataH usane mallinAtha ko kumAra rUpa meM namana kiyA hai| ojhA jI ke anusAra nAgora kA purAnA nAma nAgapura yA ahicchatrapura hai / 28 neminirvANa kAvya ke racanAkAla ke viSaya meM koI antakSyi upalabdha nahIM hotii| vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra ke racayitA vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne apane lakSaNa grantha meM prastuta kAvya ke katipaya aMzoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| isase jahA~ yaha vidita hotA hai ki neminirvANam kAvya kA kartA vAgbhaTa dvitIya kA pUrvavartI kavi arthAt vAgbhaTa prathama hai| vahIM yaha bhI saMketita ho jAtA hai ki yaha kAvya vAgbhaTAlaMkAra se pUrva ko racanA hai| isa AdhAra para anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai ki neminirvANa kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1171 se pUrva kI hai|29 kathAnaka-prathamasarga-AraMbha meM kavi ne 24 tIrthaMkaroM ko zraddhA sahita namaskAra kiyA hai aura tatpazcAt mUlakathA AraMbha kI hai| saurASTra meM duvArAvatI nagarI meM yaduvaMza zreSTha samudravijaya kA zAsana hai| prajAhita aura suvyavasthita zAsana cale isalie rAjA apane anuja vasudeva ke putra zrIkRSNa ko yuvarAja pada para pratiSThita karate haiN| putrAbhAva meM rAjA ciMtita rahate haiM aura aneka vratAdi karate haiN| dvitIya evaM tRtIya sarga-eka dina rAjA samudravijaya AkAza se devAMganAoM kA avataraNa dekhate haiN| unase unako sUcanA milatI hai ki 27. jaina hiteSI bhAga 12 aMka 7-8, pR0 482 28. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pa0282, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 26. vahI pR0 283

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56 jaina paraMparA zrIkRSNa sAhitya zivArAnI ke garbha meM tIrthaMkara kA jIva Ane vAlA hai| zivArAnI 16 ujjvala svapna dekhatI hai aura pati se unake phala ke viSaya meM pUchatI hai| rAjA uttara meM kahatA hai ki putra ratna kI prApti hone vAlI hai| ___ cauthA sarga-tIrthaMkara ke garbha meM Ane se rAnI kA saundarya vikasita hone lagatA hai / zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ko putra kA janma hotA hai / catunikAya devagaNa dvArAvatI pahuMca jAte haiN| ___ pA~cavA~ sarga- iMdrANI eka mAyAvI putra ko lekara prasUti gRha meM AtI hai / zivArAnI ke pAsa use liTAkara trilokInAtha ko apane sAtha le jAtI hai| iMdra bAlaka ko sumeru parvata para le jAtA hai aura pANDuzilA para devatA bhagavAna kA abhiSeka karate haiN| iMdra unakA nAma rakhatA hai arissttnemi| chaThA sarga-ariSTanemi janma se hI tIna jJAna ke dhAraka the| kramazaH vikasita hote hue ariSTanemi yuvA ho ge| yAdavagaNa raivataka parvata para vasantotsava manAne jAte haiM / sArathI ariSTanemi ko bhI vahAM jAne ko prerita karatA hai| sAtavA~ sarga-raivataka parvata apanI prAkRtika zobhA se sajA anUThI chaTA bikhera rahA thA / neminAtha isa zobhA se bar3e prabhAvita hue / prakRti ke sauMdarya se aura prakRti ke isa apAra rUpa para mugdha hokara vRkSoM kI saghana chAyAtale paTa-maMdira meM nivAsa karane lge| AThavA~ sarga-mAdhava bhI krIDArtha raivataka parvata para pahuMcate haiN| yAdava apanI sundarI yuvatiyoM ke sAtha bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI jala krIDAeM karate haiM aura AnaMdita hote haiN| ___ nauvA~ sarga-sUryAsta ho jAtA hai| candramA apanI zItala cA~danI bikherane lagatA hai| yAdava yuvaka-yuvatiyA~ nAnA bhA~ti kI praNaya-krIDAoM se saMbhoga sukha prApta karane lge| dasavA sarga-madhupAna kA daura calatA hai| yAdava kumAra aura yuvatiyA~ chakakara madhupAna karatI haiM / unmatta aura alamasta yuvaka bahuvidhi se suratakrIDAoM meM pravRtta hote haiN|

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya 57 gyArahavA~ sarga-isI avasara para ugrasena kI atIva sundarI kanyA rAjImatI bhI raivataka parvata para pahuMcatI hai| ariSTanemi para vaha mugdha ho jAtI hai| sakhiyAM rAjakumArI ko zAta karane lagatI hai, kintu ariSTanemi ke smaraNa mAtra se usakI AMkheM DabaDabA pAtI haiM / saMyoga se rAjA samadravijaya zrIkRSNa ko mahArAja ugrasena ke pAsa ariSTanemi ke lie rAjImatI kI yAcanA ke sAtha bhejate hai aura ugrasena apano sahamati pradAna kara dete haiM / donoM pakSoM meM vivAhotsava ke AyAjana kI taiyAriyA~ hone lagatI haiN| bArahavAM sarga-vara yAtrA sajI / ariSTanemi rathArUr3ha hokara rAjamArga para kramazaH Age bar3ha rahe the / bhAMti-bhA~ti ke alaMkAroM se sArA mArga sajjita thA / vadhaveSa meM sajjita rAjImatI vara ke svAgatArtha rAja bhavana ke dvAra para Akara upasthita hotI hai / terahavAM sarga-ratha se utarane ke lie ariSTanemi prastuta hote haiM / itane meM ve aneka pazu-pakSiyoM kA rudana sunate haiM aura ThiThaka jAte haiN| sArathI se unheM jJAta hotA hai ki vivAha ke avasara para sAmiSa vyaMjanoM ke lie aneka pazu-pakSiyoM ko samIpa ke bADe meM baMda kara rakhA hai| yaha sunakara nemikumAra ko apanA pUrva bhava smaraNa ho AtA hai| vivAha tyAga kara ve saMyama kA varaNa karate haiM aura toraNa se hI lauTa jAte haiM / ve apane AkheTaka jIvana se lekara jayanta vimAna meM utpanna hone taka kA pUrva bhava vRttAnta bhI sunAte haiN| caudahavAM sarga- muni ariSTanemi ghora tapa karate haiN| kAyotsarga pUrvaka tapa meM lIna muni zukla dvArA karmabandhanoM ko naSTa kara kevalajJAna ko prApti kara lete haiN| pandrahavA~ sarga-kevalI ho jAne para deva bhagavAna kI stuti karate haiM / vizAla samavazaraNa racA jAtA hai| dharmopadezArtha bhagavAn vibhinna dezoM meM vihAra karate rahate haiN| anta meM aghAtiyA karmoM kA kSayakara mukta ho jAte haiN| kathAnaka ke AdhAra graMtha AcArya jinasena (prathama) kRta harivaMza purANa ko prastuta kAvya ke

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kathAnaka kI dRSTi se kavi dvArA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai / adhikAMza kathAnaka isI purANa graMtha para AdhArita haiN| prastuta kAvya meM ariSTanemi kI janma tithi zrAvaNa zuklA 6 dI gayI hai / jo harivaMzapurANa se bhinna hai / 3deg uttara purANa meM avazya hI isI tithi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai 11 harivaMza purANa aura uttara purANa ke atirikta kavi vAgbhaTa ke dvArA tiloyapaNNati jaise ArSagraMtha kA sahArA bhI liyA gayA hai| revatika parvata para ariSTanemi aura rAjImatI ke milana kA prasaMga aura donoM meM paraspara sneha jAgarita ho jAnA, kathAnaka yaha bhAga kadAcita tiloyapaNNati ke prabhAva svarUpa ho AyA hai| prabandha kAvya ke kathAnaka ke svarUpa kI kasauTI para neminarvANa kAvya ke kathAnaka ko kasakara dekheM to hameM jJAta hotA hai ki isa dRSTi se prastuta kathAnaka meM zithilatA hai| kavi ne adhikatara bAhya prakRti kA athavA kucha AyojanoM kA ho varNana kiyA hai| ariSTanemi ke jIvana ke katipaya mArmika prasaMgoM ko hI kavi ne canA hai aura unhIM kA apekSAkRta adhika vistRta varNana kara diyA hai| nAyaka ke samagra jovana ko adhika mahatva nahIM diyA hai| arastu ne kathAnaka gaThana meM anvitI para paryApta bala diyA hai / 32 mahAkAvya mahAkAvya ke svarUpa-saMracanA saMbaMdho lakSaNa isa graMtha meM nihita haiN| mAnava-mAtra ke hRdaya meM sthApita dhArmika vRttiyoM, paurANika aura nijadharI vizvAsoM kA bhI kavi ke dvArA acchA vivecana huA hai| prabhA, saMdhyA, rAtri, nagara, deza, parvata, nadI, samudra, dvopa Adi ke alaMkRta varNanoM kI pracaratA bho isa kAvya meM milato hai| mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa nAyaka dvArA phala prApti ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| dvArAvatI nagarI ke vaibhava evaM 30. zuddhavaizAkhatrayodazatithau -harivaMzapurANa, 1962 I0 / bhAratIya vidyApITha, kAzI 31. zrAvaNe site SaSThyAM --uttarapurANa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1954 / 32. arastU kA kAvyazAstra, anu0 DaoN0 nagendra, pR0 24, prakAzaka --hindI anu saMdhAna pariSad, dillI vi0vi0, 1914 / /

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya saundarya kA citraNa bar3e vistAra ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| upajAti, vasantatilakA, mAlinI, sragdharA, anuSTup Adi chaMdoM kA vyavahAra pAyA jAtA hai| kavi ne varNana camatkAra-sRjana ke lie vastuoM kA citraNa karate hue likhA hai virAjamAnAmRSabhAbhirAmainamirgarIyo guNasaMnivezAm / / sarasvatIsaMnidhimAjamarvI ye sarvato ghoSavatI vahanti // 33 surASTra deza bailoM dvArA sundara grAmoM se zobhAyamAna gurutara, guNoM kI sanniveza racanA, paMktibaddha gRhoM se yukta, sarasvatI nadiyoM ke sAmIpya ko prApta aura gopavasatikAoM se yukta pRthvI ko saba ora se dhAraNa karate haiN| zleSa ke kAraNa ukta padya kA aprakRta artha bhI hai, jisameM kavi ne saMgIta ke siddhAMtoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai tathA surASTra dezavAsiyoM ko saMgIta premI siddha kiyA hai| dvArAmato nagarI kA sajIva aura sundara citraNa citrita karate hue kavi ne likhA hai ki evaM vidhA~ to nijarAjadhAnI, nirmApayAmIti kutUhalena / chAyAchalAdacchajale payodhau, pracetasAyA likhiteva reje // 34 arthAt svaccha jala se yukta samudra meM dvArAvatI nagarI kA jo pratibiMba par3a rahA thA usase aisA pratIta hotA thA ki jaladevatA varuNa ne "maiM bhI apanI rAjadhAnI ko isake samAna sundara banAUMgA' isa kutUhala se mAno eka citra khIMcA ho| prakRti-varNana kAvya-sauSThava kI dRSTi se prakRti-varNana kA bhI apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / prastuta mahAkAvya meM yaha guNa bhI yatra tatra dikhalAI detA hai| kumudinI kI sahAnubhUti kA varNana karatA huA kavi usameM mAnavIya bhAvoM kA saMcAra kara rahA hai karaNasvaraM vilapatoranekazaH __ purato nizAvirahiNovihaMgayoH / 33. neminirvANakAvyam 1133 34. 1138

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60 rAtri meM vihAra karane vAle aura sUrya ke viyoga se vilApa karate hue pakSiyoM kI karuNa - krandanarUpI vipatti ko dekhane meM asamartha kumudinI ne apane kamala ke samAna netra banda kara lie| yahAM kumudinI meM mAnava bhAvanAoM kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai / rasabhAva yojanA 35. 36. 37. vipadaM vilokayitumakSamA dhruvaM prastuta kAvya meM aGgI rasa zAMta hai aura zRMgAra, vora, karuNa rasoM kA aGga rUpa meM samAveza huA hai / kucha udAharaNa draSTavva haiM zrRMgAra rasa nalinIdalAni na na hArayaSTaya nalinI sarojanayanaM nyamIlayat || 35 svadRte tadaMgaparitApazAntaye, 19 " prastuta zloka meM durvaha nitamba maNDala vAlI nAyikA vinayAnvita hone para bhI, nAyaka ko pAsa meM AyA huA jAnakara bhI apanA Asana na chor3a sakI / zayana kakSa meM pati ke Ane para usake mukha se anAyAsa hI dUsarI nAyikA kA nAma suna lene se zarIra - dAha ke sAtha kamaliniyoM se nirmita zayyA ko nAyikA ne chor3a diyA / priyasaMga na hone para usake hRdaya para dRr3hatApUrvaka apane mukha kamala ko rakha denA tathA pahale socI huI bAta ko kaha DAlanA, isa prakAra sakhiyoM dvArA kahe jAne para navavadhuoM ne kRtrima krodha prakaTa kiyA / yathA 27 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya stuhinAMzavo na na jalArdramaMzukam / bRDhamAsajerurasi vaktramarpayerbhaNitaM ca pUrvaguNitaM prakAzayeH // priyasaGgameSviti sakhobhirIritA kRtaka prakopamakaronnavA vadhUH // 37 faraisthavA svajanasaMgarbhaSajAH // 36 811 T 4

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitma isa prakAra saMyoga zRMgAra kA sAMgopAMga citraNa kavi ne bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| zAnta rasa saMsAra se nirveda prApti ke prasaMga meM zAMta rasa kI yojanA huI hai| kavi ne likhA hai ki dAnaM tapo vA viSavRkSamalaM zraddhAnato ye na vivardhya dUram / svananti mUDhAH svayameva hiMsA-kuzIlatAsvIkaraNena sadyaH / / 38 arthAt jo dAna aura taparUpI dharmavRkSa para zraddhA na karate hue dUra taka unako nahIM bar3hAte haiM ve mUrkha haiM aura hiMsA kuzIlAdi kA sevana kara ve dharmavRkSa kI jar3a ko khoda DAlate haiN| jo vyakti dravya yA bhAva hiMsA karatA hai use durgati meM jAnA par3atA hai / ataeva vivekI ko jAgRta banakara dharma kA sevana karanA cAhie / yahI usake lie upAdeya hai| alaMkAra kavi ke kAvya meM alaMkAroM kA bhI sundara rUpa se samAveza huA hai| upamA alaMkAra sabase pradhAna hai| bhAvoM dvArA kalpanA ko jitanI adhika preraNA prApta hotI hai, upamAna yojanA utanI hI siddha hotI hai| yathA dantIva bhAvI-putra gaja ke samAna bhUritara dAna se yukta hogaa| jisa prakAra hAthI ke mada se dAnavAri nikalatA hai, nirantara dAnajala-madajala jharatA rahatA hai, isI prakAra putra dAnI hogaa| yamaka antya yamaka kI yojanA karate hue kavi ne puSpadanta kA stavana kiyA hai| bhUriprabhAnijitapuSpadantaH karAyatinyakkRtapuSpadantaH / trikAlasevAgatapuSpadantaH zreyAMsi no yacchatu puSpadantaH / / jinake dAMtoM ne apanI vizAla prabhA se puSpoM ko jIta liyA hai, 38. 36. 13 / 11 3340 19 40.

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya jinake hAthoM kI lambAI ne puSpadanta (diggaja) ke zuNDAdaNDa ko tiraskRta kara diyA hai aura jinakI sevA meM puSpadanta sUrya candramA trikAla upasthita hote haiM, ve puSpadanta bhagavAn hama sabako kalyANa pradAna kreN| zleSa ___ do se adhika artha jisa zloka meM zliSTa-nibaddha rahate haiM, usa zloka meM zleSAlaMkAra kA camatkAra dikhalAI par3atA hai-yathA suvarNavarNadyutirastu bhUtyai zreyAnvibhurta vinatAprasUtaH / uccastarAM yaH sugati dadAno viSNoH sadAnandayatisma cetaH / 1 arthAta jinake zarIra kI kAMti suvarNa ke samAna ujjvala thI, jo bhakta puruSoM ko svarga, apavarga Adi uttama gati ko dene vAle the, jo svasamAnakAlika nArAyaNa ke citta ko sarvadA prasanna kiyA karate the aura hita kA upadeza dekara AnaMdita kiyA karate the ve vinatA mAtA ke putra zreyAMsanAtha tuma sabako vibhUti pradAna kreN| isa padya kA dvitIya artha jisake zarIra kI AbhA suvarNa ke samAna pItavarNa hai, jo vibhu hai tathA zreya kalyANarUpa hai, jisane UMce AkAza meM sundara gati pradAna kI hai tathA jo zrIkRSNa ke citta ko hamezA AnaMdita karatA hai, vaha vinatAsuta vainateya-garuDa tuma sabako vibhUti pradAna krN| bhASA-zailI prastuta mahAkAvya kI bhASA zailI bho atyanta samRddha hai| prasAdaguNa hone se kavitA sahaja bodhagamya hai / yathA vilokayantratra kutUhalena lIlAvatInAM mukhapaGa kjaani| jajJe smaraH seyaratiprayukta-karNotpalAghAtasukhaM cireNa // 42 arthAt sundariyoM ke mukhakamala ko kutUhalapUrvaka dekhate hue yuvaka IrSyApUrvaka karNoM meM prayukta kamaloM kI mAra ke sukha ko bahuta samaya taka anubhava karate rhe| 41. 42. 1111 1144

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya (3) naranArAyaNananda mahAkAvyam Ananda nAmAnta kAvyoM kI praNAlI kA AraMbha pataMjalI ke dvArA ullikhita mahAnaMda kAvya ke nirdeza se milatA hai / 43 AcArya hemacandra ke ziSya rAmacandra ne kaumudI-mitrAnaMda nATaka likhA hai / 44 vastupAla kA naranArAyaNAnanda eka aisA mahAkAvya hai, jisake AdhAra para Age calakara Ananda, nAmAnta kAvyoM aura nATakoM kI eka paraMparA hI vizeSa rUpa se prAraMbha ho gaI thii| amara caMdrasUri ne padmAnanda nahAkAvya likhA hai / 45 nepAla ke kavi maNika ne bhArata naMda nATaka 14vIM zatI meM likhA hai| kuvalayAnaMda kI racanA appayya dIkSita ne 17vIM zatI meM kI hai| isa taraha 17vIM zatI meM aura bhI aneka Ananda nAmAMta racanAyeM haI haiN|46 Ananda nAmAnta kAvyoM kA pramukha viSaya mitratA, Ananda evaM ullAsa kA pratipAdana karanA hI huA karatA thaa| racayitA aura racanAkAla vastupAla gujarAta aura mAlabe kA rAjA evaM eka kuzala prazAsaka thaa| sAtha hI vaha eka mahAkavi bhI thA / vastupAla rAjA voradhavala aura usake putra vIsaladeva kA mahAmAtya thaa| kavi hone se use acche kaviyoM kI parakha thI, isakA pramANa giranAra ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai|47 Aba 43. saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa : lekhaka vAcaspati gairolA, pra0 caukhaMbA vidyAbhavana vArANasI. san 1960, pR0 645 44. nATyadarpaNam-orieNTala insTIcyUTa, baDaudA, san 1951, pR0 51 / 45. padmAnanda, saM0 eca0Ara0 kApaDiyA, prakAzana orieNTala insTIcyUTa baDaudA, san 1632 / 46. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, lekhaka vAcaspati gairolA, vArANasI saMskaraNa pR0 813, 666, 815 / 47. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala aura saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena / DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, pra. jaina saMskRti sazodhana maNDala, vArANasI, san 1956, pR0 55 /

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64 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya mandira kI prazasti meM somezvara use sarvazreSTha kavi kahatA hai 148 rAjazekhara sari ne use sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa kahA hai|49 kavi hone se usake Azraya lene vAle kaviyoM kA eka vidyAmaNDala thA, jisameM rAjapurohita somezvara, harihara, nAnAka paNDita, madana subhaTa, arisiMha aura maMtrI yazovIra the|50 inake atirikta vastupAla ke saMparka meM aneka jaina kavi aura paNDita Ae the| unameM amaracandra sUri, vijayasena sUri, udayaprabha sUri, naracandra sUri, narendraprabha sUri, bAlacandra sUri Adi haiM / isa amAtya ne ahilavAr3a, stambha tIrtha aura bhRgukaccha meM pustaka bhaMDAra bhI syApana kie the / vasantapAla yaha upanAma vastupAla ko harihara, somezvara aura anya kaviyAM ne pradAna kiyA thaa| vastupAla kA janma aNahilavADa ke zikSita parivAra meM huA thaa| usake pitA kA nAma AsarAja yA azvarAja aura mAtA kA nAma kumAradevI thaa| kavi ke guru vijayasena sUri the| vastupAla jaba maMtrI bane to unhoMne zatrujaya aura giranAra ke lie san 1221, 1234, 35, 36, 37 meM yAtrA-saMgha ke dvArA yAtrAeM karAyI thiiN| san 1240 meM vaha zatrujaya kI antima yAtrA ke lie nikalA thA para mArga meM hI usakA nidhana ho gayA / phalataH yAtrA adhUrI raha gayI 151 san 1232 meM vastupAla ne giranAra meM jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| Aba kA maMdira delavAr3A ke mandiroM ke bIca meM hai| ise vastupAla ke bar3e bhrAtA lUNiga kI smRti meM banavAyA gayA thaa| san 1221 ke bAda naranArAyaNAnaMda mahAkAvya kI racanA huI hai / - 48. prAcIna jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, saM0 muni jinavijaya san 1921, lekha saM0 65 / 46. prabandhakoza ke antargata bastupAla prabandha, saM0 muni jinavijaya ahamadAbAda tathA "sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa-laghu bhojarAja-mahAkavi mahAmAtya-zrIvastupAlena-" prabandhacintAmaNi, siMdhI jaina vidyApITha, san 1933, pR0 100 / 50. vastupAla kA vidyAmaNDala, bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, 50 jaina kalcarala risarca sosAyaTI banArasa hindU yunivarsiTI, patrikA naM0 16, pR0 3 51. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala-bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, vArANasI san 1646, pR0 48

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa mAhitya isa mahAkAvya ke 16veM sarga kI prazasti meM AbU aura giranAra ke maMdiroM kA ullekha nahIM hai / isalie yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa mahAkAvya kI racanA san 1230-31 meM huI hogii| kavi vastupAla kA nidhana vi0 saM0 1266 mAghakRSNA 5 san 1246 ko huA 152 isalie kahA jA sakatA hai ki vastupAla kA samaya 13boM zatI hai| vastupAla kI isa kRti ke atirikta AdinAtha stotra, ambikAstotra aura ArAdhanA gAthA, ye 4 kRtiyAM haiN| kathAnaka prathama sarga-prathama sarga meM kavi samudra baTa sthita dvArakA nagarI ke vaibhava aura zobhA kA varNana karatA hai / isa nagara meM cittAkarSaka ramaNIya bhavana haiM / prazasta aura suzobhita rAjamArga hai / jana-saMkula hATeM haiNityaadi| dvitIya sarga-dvitIya sarga meM zrIkRSNa rAjasabhA meM virAjita haiM / dUta Akara unheM saMdeza detA hai ki revataka parvata sthita prabhAsa tIrtha meM arjana kA Agamana huA hai| zrIkRSNa sotsAha arjuna kA svAgata karane tathA usase bheMTa karane jAte haiM / tRtIya sarga-tRtIya sarga meM zrI kRSNa arjuna milana kA varNana hai / zrIkRSNa arjuna se kuzala kSema pUchate haiN| ___ cauthA sarga-cauthe sarga meM Rtu varNana hai / SaDRtueM sevA ke lie upasthita hotI haiM / sarvatra prasannatA, ullAsa aura umaMga kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAtA hai| pA~cA sarga-pAMcaveM sarga meM prakRti varNana kI pradhAnatA hai / sUryAsta ho jAtA hai, sarvatra sAMdhya suSamA chA jAtI hai / kAlAntara meM candramA kI zubhra-zItala cAMdanI chiTaka jAtI hai| chaThA sarga-chaThe sarga meM dvArAvatI ke nagaravAsiyoM kA sukhamaya 52. vasantavilAsa, bar3audA 1617 I0 14137 53. jainastotra samuccaya, saM0 caturavijayamuni, pra0nirNayasAgara presa bambaI, pR0143

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya jIvana varNita hai / nava-dampatti surApAna kA Ananda lete haiM aura madhumaya kroDAeM karate haiM / rAtri isI prakAra vyatIta ho jAtI hai| sAtavAM sarga-sAtaveM sarga meM sUryodaya kA varNana AtA hai| kamala puSpa vikasita ho jAte haiM / una para rAta-bhara se bandI bhramara u ne lagate haiN| AThavAM sarga-AThaveM sarga meM balarAma revatika parvata para saparivAra pahuMcate haiM / unako senA bhI sAtha hai| arjuna ko lekara zrIkRSNa saparivAra vana vihAra ke lie jAte hai / nauvAM sarga-nauveM sarga meM yuvaka-yuvatiyA~ puSpacayana karatI haiN| dina bhara ke isa kArya se thakita sarvajana vizrAma karane lagate haiN| dasavA~ sarga-dasaveM sarga meM punaH mUla kathAnaka kA sUtra pakar3a meM AtA hai / jalakor3Arata subhadrA ko dekhakara arjuna usa para mugdha ho jAtA hai, subhadrA bhI arjuna ke prati AkRSTa hotI hai| __gyArahavAM sarga-gyArahaveM sarga meM arjuna aura subhadrA kI pArasparika viyoga sthiti ke kAraNa utpanna udAsInatA kA citraNa hai / subhadrA arjuna ke pAsa dUta bhelato hai aura use revatika udyAna meM milana ke lie nimaMtrita karatI hai| bArahavA~ sarga-bArahaveM sarga meM manmatha pUjana ke bahAne subhadrA udyAna meM pahuMcatI hai aura arjuna usakA haraNa kara letA hai| isa apaharaNa kI sUcanA pAkara balarAma sAtyaki ko unakA pIchA karane ke lie senA sahita bhejatA hai| zrIkRSNa madhyastha banakara baladeva ko zAMta karate haiN| - terahavAM sarga-terahaveM sarga meM sAtyaki aura arjuna ke yuddha kA varNana hai| baladeva raNabhUmi meM jAkara yuddha rokane kA Adeza detA hai / caudahavAM sarga-caudahaveM sarga meM yuddha samApta ho jAtA hai / zrIkRSNa arjuna ko sAtha lekara dvArikA lauTa jAte haiN| pandrahavAM sarga-pandrahaveM sarga meM arjuna subhadrA vivAha varNita hai| svayaM balarAma yaha pANigrahaNa saMpanna karavAte haiM / yahIM isa kAvya kA kathAnaka iti para pahuMca jAtA hai /

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya 67 kathAnaka kA srota yA AdhAra graMtha mahAbhArata isa kAvya ke kathAnaka kA AdhAra graMtha hai|54 AdyopAMta zrIkRSNa aura arjuna ke pArasparika sneha aura mitratA hI sarvatra vyApta hai, yahI isa kAvya kA mUla pratipAdya hai / mahAbhArata meM vaNita prastuta prasaMga aura naranArAyaNAnanda kAvya ke kathAnaka meM sAmya hai| puSTi ke prayojana se mahAbhArata meM varNita ukta prasaMga bhI ullekhanIya hai / mahAbhArata ke Adi parva ke antargata 217 se 220veM adhyAya taka yaha kathA varNita hai| kathA kI rUparekhA katipaya binduoM meM prastuta kI jA sakatI hai| ----arjuna se milanArtha zrIkRSNa kA revatika parvata para Agamana / - balarAma kA bhI saparivAra evaM senA sahita parvata para Agamana / --jala krIr3A ke prasaMga meM subhadrA aura arjuna kA paraspara mugdha honaa| ----arjuna dvArA subhadrApaharaNa / ---- sAtyaki evaM arjuna ke madhya yUddha / -zrIkRSNa kI madhyasthatA se yuddha kI samApti / --arjuna subhadrA kA pANigrahaNa / mahAbhArata meM AI huI isa kathA kI uparyukta rUparekhA se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ne mahAbhArata ko hI apane kAvya ke kathAnaka kA AdhAra banAyA hai aura prastutIkaraNa kI bhinnatA ke sAtha yahI kathA punaH vivecita kara dI gaI hai| kathAnaka ke svarUpa aura ghaTanAkrama ke AkAraprakAra ko dekhate hue kAvya-prabandha racanA to avazya hai, kintu phalaka vistAra ke abhAva meM ise mahAkAvya kahane meM saMkoca hI hotA hai| kRti ko mahAkAvya mAnane vAle vidvajjanoM ke pakSa meM yaha tathya avazya ho hai ki kathAnaka sargabaddha hai, kintu yaha lakSaNa prabaMdha kAvya kA hai / khaNDa kAvya meM bho sargabaddhatA hotI hai| nAyaka ke jIvana kI eka hI ghaTanA varNita hai| samagra jIvana citrita nahIM hai| isakA mantavya bhI mAtra zrIkRSNa arjuna 54. mahAbhArata-gItApresa gorakhapura, Adi parva /

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya maitrI yA sneha ko vyakta karane mAtra taka hI sImita hai / aisI sthiti meM ise mahAkAvya ke sthAna para khaNDa kAvya mAnanA hI adhika samIcIna hai| ___ spaSTa hai ki arjuna isa prabandha kAvya kA nAyaka hai| baladeva pratinAyaka hai jo subhadrA prApti ke phala ke mArga meM nAyaka ke lie bAdhaka banatA hai| anya pAtra haiM-zrIkRSNa, subhadrA, sAtyaki Adi / kAvya meM alaMkRta zailI kA prayoga vizeSataH draSTavya hai| prakRti citraNa meM kavi ne kathAvastu kI ghaTanAoM ko AdhAra pradAna karane ke lie prakRtigata sthitiyoM kI yojanA kI hai / dina-rAta, sandhyAeM, RtueM jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha calatI haiM / kavi ne prakRti ke sahaja citroM ke bIca naranArAyaNa kI maitrI kA vikAsa citrita kiyA hai| caritra-citraNa utkRSTa caritra kA honA mahAkAvya ke lie eka Avazyaka tatva hai, caritra kI paribhASA karate hue arastU ne likhA hai-"cAritrya use kahate haiM jo kisI vyakti kI ruci-viruci kA pradarzana karatA huA naitika prayojana ko vyakta kare / "55 prastuta kAvya meM arjuna, zrIkRSNa, subhadrA, balarAma, sAAMka aura dUta vanapAla Adi pAtra haiN| jinameM arjuna tathA zrIkRSNa ke caritra kA vikAsa spaSTa pratibhAsita hotA hai / arjuna nAyaka hai aura isake caritra meM saundarya, zIla aura zakti kA samanvaya hai| arjuna suMdara ,prakRti premI, sahRdaya aura parAkramI hai / subhadrA ke saundarya ko dekhakara arjuna vyAkula ho jAte haiM / unheM apanA jIvana norasa pratIta hone lagatA hai| mitra zrIkRSNa ke parAmarza se ve subhadrA kA apaharaNa karate haiM / zrIkRSNa balarAma se arjuna ke guNoM kA citraNa karate hue kahate haiM / hariH para ivezvarya zAstre gururivAparaH / smaro'nya iva saundarye zaurya kintu sa eva saH // 12-78 // 55. arastU kA kAvyazAstra : DaoN0 nagendra (hindI anuvAda) hindI anusaMdhAna pariSad; dillI, vi0 saM0 2054. pR0 22

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya 66 arjuna aizvarya meM viSNu, jJAna meM guru, sauMdarya meM kAmadeva aura zaurya meM vaha apane samAna akelA hI hai| kavi vastupAla ne aise mahanIya caritroM kA udghATana kiyA hai| yadyapi kathAvastu atyalpa hai to bhI caritroM kA vikAsata svarUpa sundara rUpeNa citrita hai|58 jaisAki maiM pUrva meM vivecita kara cukA hUM ki Ananda-nAmAnta mahAkAvyoM meM mitratA, Ananda aura ullAsa kI bhAvanAoM kA manorama citraNa hatA hai / usI ke anusAra isa kAvya kA kathAnaka vividha ghaTanAoM kI anviti se yukta tathA mAnava jIvana kI gahanatama anubhUtiyoM aura uccAdarzoM ko udbhAvanA se pUrNa hai| mAnava hRdaya kI zAzvata vRttiyoM kA udghATana, kartavyaparAyaNatA, svArthatyAga aura udAttabhAva bhUmi kAvyarasikoM aura pAThakoM ko sahaja ho apanI ora khIMca letI hai| rasa-varNana rasoM ke varNana meM bhI kavi ne adbhuta saphalatA ajita kI hai| zRgAra, vIra, raudra, bIbhatsa Adi rasoM kA prastuta mahAkAvya meM sundara samAyojana huA hai| pArtha subhadrA ke aGga pratyaMgoM ke sauMdarya ko dekhakara mugdha ho jAtA hai| Ardra vastroM ke bhItara se usakA kusamuvat lobhanoya lAvaNya usake hRdaya meM sambhogecchA utpanna kara detA hai| yathA nArA corAntaradRzyamAna-sarvA galAvaNyavizeSaramyAm / pazyannimA manmathamathyamAnacetAzciraM cintayatisma pArthaH // 67 saMyoga zRgAra ke sAtha ho viyoga zRMgAra ke varNana meM bhI kavi poche nahIM rahA hai| arjuna aura subhadrA donoM hI viraha pIr3ita haiM : kimu candanacarcanaM vRthA vihitaM vakSasi tApazAntaye / amunA dayitAsmitaprabhA-smRtibIjena hahA hato'smyaham / 58 56. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 338 lekhaka DaoN0 nemicandra jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI 57. naranArAyaNAnandamahAkAvyam 10-53 58. naranArAyaNAnandamahAkAvyam 11-11

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya ___ yahAM subhadrA Alambana vibhAva hai / candana carcana, uzIra Adi kA kA lepa uddIpana vibhAva hai| chAtI yA zayyA meM muMha chipAnA anubhAva hai / smRti, harSa, lajjA, vibodha Adi saMcAro vibhAva haiM / ina bhAvoM se paripuSTa rati sthAyIbhAva hai jo vipralaMbha zRgAra ko batalAtA hai| alaMkAra-varNana jaise svastha zarIra para AbhUSaNoM kA prayoga ucita lagatA hai| isa prakAra ke sarasa kAvyoM meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga apanA mahatva rakhatA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM kavi ne alaMkAroM kA samAveza sundara rIti se kiyA hai| bhASA-zailI bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se prastuta kAvya meM alaMkRta zailI kA prayoga huaa.hai| caturdaza sarga meM citrAlaMkAra kA upayoga karate hue kavi ne ekAkSara, dyakSara, caturakSara, SaDakSara, antastha, dantya, tAlavya, oSThya aura mUrdhanya Adi vargoM kA prayoga kara bhASAzailI ko kalApUrNa rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| ekAkSara meM mAtrAlaMkAra kA prayoga karate hue kavi ne abhinava artha kI sRSTi kI hai. lolAlolaM lulolelI lAlI lAlallalollalaH / - lola lIlaM lulallolollolallIlAlalolalaH / 60 ise gauDIya zailI kA kAvya mAna sakate haiM kyoMki isameM prasaMgAnukUla bhASA meM rUpa parivartana kI kSamatA hai| bhAva aura paristhiti ke anusAra bhASA kahIM komala kahIM madhura to kahIM ojasvinI dikhAI detI hai| bhAvoM ke anusAra dhvaniyoM kA niyojana karane meM kavi saphala huA hai / chanda-yojanA __ kavi ne apane samasta sargoM meM bhinna-bhinna chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| jaise indravajrA, upajAti, zArdUla-vikrIDita, pramitAkSarA, vasanta 56. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 340-41, bhA0 jJAnapITha 60. naranArAyaNAnandamahAkA 123 ...

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya tilakA, maMdAkrAMtA, rathoddhatA, sragdharA, mAlinI, zikhariNI, dravilambita, AryA, lalitA, aura anuSTup Adi / kavi ko chandoM kI acchI jAnakArI hai aura unakA yogyarIti se prayoga kiyA hai| yaha bAta kavi svayaM anya kaviyoM kA AzrayadAtA aura praraka va prazaMsaka thA, isa aitihAsika tathya se aura usake rAjA hone se svayaM pramANita hai| neminAtha mahAkAvyam jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita mahAkA vyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM kavivara kIrtiratnasUri racita neminAtha mahAkAvyam kA bhI apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / isameM jaina dharma ke 22veM tIrthaMkara prabhu neminAtha kA preraka caritra mahAkAvyocita vistAra ke sAtha 12 sargoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kAvya meM bhAva pakSa va kalApakSa donoM kA sumela yatra-tatra vidyamAna hai| mahAkAvyatva-mahAkAvya ke jo mApadaMDa nizcita kie haiM tadanusAra kavi ne pAlana kie haiM, isameM zRgAra rasa ko aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| kSatriya kula prasUta devatulya neminAtha isake dhIrodAtta nAyaka haiM, dharma va mokSa prApti hetu isakA uddezya hai / isameM jaina purANa kA mukhya AdhAra hai| prathama sarga meM zivAdevI ke garbha meM jinezvara ke avatarita hone meM mukha sandhi hai| isameM kAvya ke phalAgama kA bIja nihita hai| usake prati pAThaka ko utsakatA jAgata hotI hai| dvitIya sarga meM svapna darzana se lekara tatIya sarga meM pUna janma taka pratimukha sandhi svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| caturtha se aSTama sarga taka garbhasandhi kI yojanA kI gaI hai| naveM ne gyArahaveM sarga taka eka ora neminAtha dvArA vivAha prastAva svIkAra kara lene se mukhya phala kI prApti meM bAdhA upasthita hotI hai, kintu dUsarI ora pazu rudana sanakara dIkSA grahaNa karane se phala prApti nizcita ho jAtI hai| yahAM vimarza sandhi kA nirvAha huA hai / gyAraveM sarga ke anta meM kevalajJAna tathA bArahaveM sarga meM zivatva prApta karane ke varNana meM nirvahaNa sandhi vidyamAna hai| mahAkAvya ke lakSaNAnusAra nagara, parvata, vana, dUtapreSaNa, sainyaprayANa, yuddha, putrajanma, Sar3aRtu Adi ke vistRta varNana pAye jAte haiM / isameM AraMbha namaskArAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa se kiyA gayA hai| bhASA-zailI meM udAttatA hai / antima sarga ke eka aza maiM

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72 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya citrakAvya ko yojanA kI gaI hai| zIrSaka va sargoM kA nAmakaraNa bhI zAstrocita hai| sajjana-prazaMsA, khala-nindA tathA nagara-varNana kI rUr3hiyoM kA bhI pAlana kiyA hai / chanda prayoga sambandhI paramparA kA kavi ne nirvAha nahIM kiyA hai| isa prastuta kAvya meM anivArya sabhI tatva vidyamAna haiN| __ zAstrIyatA-isameM paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke anurUpa zivAdevo ke garbha meM jinezvara kA avataraNa honA, phalasvarUpa 14 svapnoM kA dikhalAI denA, dikkumAriyAM navajAta zizu kA sUtikarma karatI haiM / unakA snAtrotsava svayaM devarAja dvArA sampanna hotA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM paurANikatAnusAra nArI ko jIvana-patha ko bAdhaka mAnI gayI hai| kAvya kA paryavasAna zAnta rasa meM huA hai| kAvyanAyaka dIkSita hokara kevalajJAna va zivatva ko prApta karate haiN| paurANikatA ke sAtha zAstrIya tatva bhI pracara mAtrA meM haiM / alaMkAroM kA bhAvapUrNa vidhAna, kAvya-rUr3hiyoM kA viniyoga, tIvra rasavyaMjanA, sumadhura chandoM kA upayoga, prakRti va mAnava saundarya kA prayoga, Adi-Adi isake zAstrIya mahAkAvyatva ko siddha karane vAle tatva haiN| kavi-paricaya, racanA-kAla prastuta kAvya meM kavivara kItirAja ke jIvana-paricaya kA ullekha nahIM hai| aitihAsika lekhoM ke AdhAra para kotirAja apane samaya ke prakhyAta kharataragacchIya AcArya the| Apa saMkhavAlagotrIya zAha kocara ke vaMzaja dIpA ke kaniSTha putra the| ApakA janma samvat 1445 meM dIpA kI patno devalade kI kSi se haA thaa| janma nAma delhAka~vara thaa| Apane 14 varSa ko avasthA meM AcArya jinavarddhana sUri se dIkSA grahaNa kii| ApakA nAma kIrtirAja rakhA gyaa| gacchanAyaka jinabhadra sUri ne samvat 1457 meM Apako AcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| sambat 1525 meM 76 varSa kI Ayu meM ApakA dehAvasAna haa| Apako jaba 1480 meM upAdhyAya pada prApta huA thA tabho isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kI gayI thI / yaha 1480 tathA 1467 ke madhya likhA gayA mahAkAvya hai / kthk prathama sarga meM yAdavararAja samudravijaya kI patni zivAdevI ke garbha

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya 73 meM 22veM tIrthaMkara kA avataraNa honA / rAjadhAnI sUryapura kA rocaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / I dvitIya sarga meM zivAdevI dvArA 14 svapnoM kA dekhanA / bhAvI meM putra kI prApti / bhaviSya meM 4 dizAoM ko jItakara adhipati banane Adi ke ullekha ke sAtha prabhAta-varNana nAmaka isa sarga ke anta meM prabhAta kA mArmika varNana kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya sarga meM putrajanma kA varNana hai / caturtha sarga meM dikkumAriyoM dvArA sUti karma karanA / paMcama sarga meM indra zizu ko janmAbhiSeka ke lie meruparvata para le jAte haiN| chaThe sarga meM ziza ke snAtrotsava kA varNana hai| sAtaveM sarga meM putra janma kA samAcAra pAkara samudravijaya kA Ananda vibhora honA, baMdiyoM ko mukta karanA, jIva vadha para pratibaMdha lagAnA, zizu kA nAma ariSTanemi rakhA jAnA hai / 8veM sarga meM ariSTanemi ke saundarya kA evaM paramparAgata SaD RtuoM kA hRdayagrAhI varNana va zakti parIkSA meM kRSNa ko parAjita karanA hai / naveM sarga meM mAtA-pitA dvArA vivAha kA Agraha karanA, neminAtha dvArA asvIkAra kara denA, parantu mAtA-pitA ke Agrahavaza zAdI ke lie ugrasena kI putrI rAjImatI ke sAtha taiyAra honA hai / dasaveM sarga meM neminAtha vadhUgRha ko prasthAna karate haiM / vadhUgRha meM bArAta hetu pazuoM kI karuNa citkAra ko sunakara ve vivAha ko bIca meM hI chor3akara dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiM / gyArahaveM sarga meM rAjImatI kA nemi-viyoga se utpanna vilApa kA varNana hai, moha-saMyama yuddha-varNana nAmaka isa sarga ke uttarArddha meM moha parAjita hokara neminAtha ke hRdayadurga ko chor3a detA hai, jisase unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai / bArahaveM sarga meM zrIkRSNa kA darzanArtha jAnA, dezanopadeza zravaNa kara kaI logoM dvArA saMyama grahaNa karanA, Adi kA sundara varNana kavi dvArA sampanna kiyA gayA hai / kathAnaka atyalpa hai; kintu kavi ne vistAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / kAvya kathAnaka kI dRSTi se DhIlA par3atA najara jAtA hai / lekina, mahAkAvya kI dRSTi se kAvyarUr3hiyAM bhI jagaha-jagaha dikhalAI par3atI haiM / prakRti-citraNa kavi ne mahAkAvya ke anya pakSoM kI bhA~ti prakRti-citraNa meM apanI

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74 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya maulikatA kA paricaya diyA hai / uddIpana va Alambana pakSa kA sarasa varNana kiyA hai / zarad Rtu kA varNana karate hue kavi ne likhA hai zaradadabhrajalA kalagajitA sa capalA capalAnilanoditA / divi cacAla navAmbudamaNDalI, gajaghaTeva manobhavabhUpate // prakRti ke vividha rUpoM kA varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| saundarya-citraNa kAvya meM katipaya pAtroM ke kAyika saundarya kA hRdayahArI citraNa kiyA gayA gayA hai / nakha-zikha varNana, navIna-navona upamAnoM ko yojanA se kAvya kalA meM prazaMsanIya bhAva-preSaNIyatA AI hai| devAMganAoM kI jaghanasthalI kI tulanA kAmadeva kI AsanagaddI se karate hue likhA hai vRttAdukalena sukomalena vilagnakAMcIguNajAtyaracanA / / vibhAti yAsAM jaghanasthalI sA manobhavasyAsanagabdikeva / / isI prakAra rAjImatI ka jaGghAoM ko kadalo stambha va kAmagaja ke AlAna ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| rasayojanA . manorAgoM kA citraNa karane meM kIrtirAja kuzala kavi haiM / sAdhAraNa sA prasaMga bhI tIvra rasAnubhUti karAtA hai| isameM zRMgArarasa, aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM hai / karuNa, raudra Adi kA bhI yathocita prayoga kiyA gayA hai / Rtu. varNana dvArA zRMgAra ke aneka ramaNIya citra aGkita kie haiM upavane pavaneritapAdape, navataraM bata raMtumanAH parA / sakaruNA karuNAvacye priyaM, priyatamA yatamAnamavArayat / / upavana ke mAdaka vAtAvaraNa se kAmAkula nAyikA naye chaila para rIjha gayI ho to isameM Azcarya kyA ? caritra-citraNa kAvya ke saMkSipta kathAnaka meM pAtra saMkhyA bhI sImita hai| kathAnAyaka neminAtha ke alAvA unake pitA samudravijaya, mAtA zivAdevA, rAjImatI, ugrasena, pratIkAtmaka samrATa moha tathA saMyama aura dUta kaitava evaM mantrI viveka hI kAvya ke pAtra haiN|

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya .. 75 neminAtha-jinezvara neminAtha kAvya ke nAyaka haiN| ve devocita vibhUti tathA zakti se sampanna haiM / unake dharA para avatarita hote hI samudravijaya ke samasta zatru nisteja ho jAte haiN| dikkumAriyAM unakA sUti . ma karatI haiN| janmAbhiSeka karane svayaM surapati indra Ate haiM / neminAtha kA caritra virakti ke keMdra biMdu para ghUmatA hai / ve vItarAga nAyaka haiM / yauvanAvasthA meM bhI vairAgya raMga meM raMge rahate haiM / unakA mantavya hai ki vAstavika sukha brahmaloka meM hI vidyamAna hai hitaM dhamauSadhaM hitvaH mUr3hA kAmajvarAditAH / mukhapriyamapathyaM tuM sevante lalanauSadham / / unakI sAdhanA kI pariNati mokSa-prApti meM hotI hai / adamya kAmazatru ko parAjita karanA, unakI dhIrodAttatA kI pratiSThA hai| ___samudravijaya - yadupati samudravijaya kathAnAyaka ke pitAzrI haiM / Apa meM sampUrNa rAjocita guNa vidyamAna haiM / samudravijaya tejasvI zAsaka haiM / unake bandI ke zabdoM meM agni tathA sUrya kA teja bhale hI zAMta ho jAe kintu unakA parAkrama apratihata hai| ... vidhyAyate'mbhasA vanhiH, sUryo'bdena pidhIyate / / na kenApi paraM rAjaMstvattejaH parihIyate // unakA rAjya pAzavika bala para AdhArita nahIM hai / samudravijaya putravatsala pitA haiM / ye atyanta dhArmika vyakti haiN| Arhata dharma unheM putra, patnI, rAjya tathA prANoM se bhI adhika priya hai| rAjImatI-rAjImatI kAvya kI satI nAyikA hai| zIla-sampannA va rUpavatI hai| neminAtha kI patnI banane kA saubhAgya milA thA para vidhi ke vidhAna ne parivartana lA diyaa| vaha saMsAra mArga ko chor3akara mokSa mArga kI ora agrasara hotI hai| kevalajJAnI nemiprabhu se pUrva paramapada pAkara adabhata saubhAgya prApta karatI hai| ugrasena-bhojaputra ugrasena kA caritra bhI mAnavIya guNoM se otaprota hai / lakSmI tathA sarasvatI donoM usake sahayoginI haiM / vipakSI nRpagaNa unake teja se bhayabhIta hokara kanyAoM ke upahAroM se unakA roSa zAnta. karate haiN|

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76 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya anya pAtra-zivAdevI neminAtha kI mAtA hai| pratIkAtmaka samrATa moha tathA saMyama rAjanIti kuzala zAsakoM kI bhAMti AcaraNa karate haiM / moharAja dUta kaitava ko bhejakara saMyama nRpati ko neminAtha kA hRdaya-durga chor3ane kA Adeza detA hai / saMyamarAja kA maMtrI viveka dUta kI uktiyoM kA muMhator3a uttara detA hai| bhASA bhASA-zailo kI dRSTi se kAvya kI apanI garimA hai / prasAdapUrNa prAMjala bhASA sarvatra dRSTigocara hotI hai / kavi kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hai / kAvya meM bhAva va kalApakSa kA sundara sagama hai| anuprAsa tathA yamaka ke prayoga bhI dikhalAI par3ate haiM / saralatA ke sAtha komalatA bhI draSTavya hai vivAhaya kumArendra ! bAlAcaMcalalocanAH / bhukSva bhogAn samaM tAbhirapsarobhirivAmaraH // prasAda guNa yukta kAvya meM sUktiyoM aura lokoktiyoM kA vizAla koza hai| ina saba guNoM ke bAvajUda kucha doSa bhI bhASA-zailI ko lekara raha gaye haiM, jaise kucha sthaloM para vikaTa samAsAMta padAvalI kA prayoga huA hai jahAM usakA aucitya nahIM thaa| chanda pUrti ke lie kucha sthAnoM para atirikta padoM ko jor3a diyA gayA hai / saba milAkara neminAya mahAkAvya kI bhASA meM nijI AkarSaNa hai| vidvattA-pradarzana bhAravi kI rAha para calate hue kIrtirAja ne bhI antima sarga meM citrakAvya ke dvArA camatkAra utpanna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai , para aise padyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama hai / nimnokta padya meM ekAkSarAnuprAsa draSTavya hai, isako racanA kevala eka vyaMjana para prAzrita hai| 3 svara bhI isameM prayukta hue haiM pratItAnteta etAM te tantantu tatatAtatim / RtatAM tAM tu tototuM, tAto'tatAM tatontatam //

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa mAhitya 77 alaMkAra-vidhAna prakRti-citraNa Adi ke samAna alaMkAroM kA prayoga bhI kavi dvArA kiyA gayA hai / kItirAja ne aprastutAM ko khoja meM apanA jAla dUra-dUra taka pheMkA hai / jIvana ke vividha pakSoM se upamAna grahaNa kie haiN| prabhudarzana se indra kA krodha aise zAMta ho gayA jaise amRta pAna se jvara pIr3A, varSA se dAvAgni / aneka mArmika upamAeM bhI dI gayI haiN| utprekSAoM kA prayoga bhI kuzalatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / saMdeha, virodhAbhAsa, viSama, vyatireka, vibhAvanA, nidarzanA, sahokti, viSama Adi alaMkAra bhI neminAtha mahAkAvya meM darzanIya haiN| chanda-yojanA ___ kAvya meM aneka chandoM kI yojanA kI gayI hai / prathama, saptama, navama sarga meM anuSTup kI pradhAnatA hai| kucha zloka mAlinI, upajAti, upagIti va nandinI meM haiM / sargAnta meM upajAti va mandAkrAMtA kA upayoga huA hai / saba milAkara kAvya meM 25 chanda prayukta hue haiM / neminAtha mahAkAvya kI racanA kavivara kAlidAsa kI paramparA meM huI hai / eka dhArmika kathAnaka cunakara bhI kIrtirAja ne apanI kavitva-zakti evaM saMtulita dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa sAhitya ko eka aisA rocaka mahAkAvya pradAna kiyA hai jise saMskRta jagata yugoM-yugoM taka smaraNa rakhe binA nahIM raha sktaa| prastuta mahAkAvya hindI anuvAda sahita nAhaTA bradarsa, 4-jagamohana malika lena kalakattA se prakAzita hai| nemisaMdeza kAvya : 17vIM sadI kI racanA lekhaka-harSapramoda pradya mnalIlAprakAza : 1866 _(campUkAvya) lekhaka-zivacandropAdhyAya uparokta kAvya upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa yahA~ para saMketa mAtra ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (4) saptasandhAnakAvya (anekArtha kAvya) kRti aura kRtikAra 'saptasandhAnamahAkAvyam meM samAnAMtara rUpa meM sAta mahApuruSoM ke

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78 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya varNana sammilita haiM / yathA---RSabhadeva, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, zrIrAma aura zrIkRSNa / inake caritra isa kRti meM sAta sargoM meM vyApta haiN| saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya ke praNetA zrI meghavijaya upAdhyAya haiN| kavi meghavijaya sAhitya ke atirikta vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, tarkazAstra jaise anyAnya vidhAoM ke bhI niSNAta paNDita the / ye kRpAvijaya jI ke ziSya the aura tapAgaccha ke the / prastuta mahAkAvya ke atirikta devAnanda mahAkAvya, hastasaMjIvanaM, varSapramodha yuktiprabodha nATaka, candraprabhA Adi kavi kI pramukha racanAyeM haiM / devAnanda mahAkAvya kI prazasti ke ullekhAnusAra yaha racanA vi0 ga0 1727 (I0 san 1670) ko hai / 61 isameM kavi ke kAla ke viSaya meM anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / saptasaMdhAna ko racanA 1760 (I0 san 1703) meM sampUrNa huI thii| yaha kRti prakAzita hai|63 kathAnaka kA sAra prathama sarga -gaMgA aura sindhu ye do pAvana saritAeM bhArata kSetra meM pravAhita hotI haiN| isa kSetra ke itihAsa meM khyAta janapada - kozala, kuru, madhya pradeza aura magadha deza hai| inhIM janapadoM meM ayodhyA. hastinApUra, zauryapura, vaizAlo, vArANasI, mathurA, kuNDapurI Adi prasiddha nagara haiM / ayodhyA meM bhagavAna AdinAtha (RSabhadeva) aura zrIrAmacaMdra kA janma huaa| hastinApura meM bhagavAna zAMtinAtha ne, zauryapura meM bhagavAna neminAtha (ariSTanemi) ne, vArANasI meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne, vaizAlI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aura mathurA meM zrIkRSNa ne janma liyA / ina mahApuruSoM ke nAmoM se jur3akara ye nagara hI dhanya ho uThe haiN| apane-apane samayoM 61. muninayanAzvendumite (1727 vi0 saM0) varSe harSeNa sAdaDInagare devAnanda-prApta prazasti 62. biMdurasamunIndUnAM (1760 vi0 saM0 ) pramANAt parivatsare kRtoyamudyama: __ saptasandhAnaprAptaprazasti 63. saptasandhAnakAvya (vi0 saM0 2000) zrI jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA, gopIpurA, sUrata /

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saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya 76 meM ayodhyA meM nAbhirAya aura dazaratha, hastinApura meM vizvasena, zauryapura meM meM samudravijaya, vArANasI meM azvasena, kuNDapura meM siddhArtha rAjA kA rAjya thaa| ina yazasvI narezoM ko rAniyoM ne ujjvala svapna dekhe the / pariNAmata: inake dvArA putra prApti kI prAzA kA sAphalya saMbhava pratIta hone lgaa| dvitIya sarga meM garbhavatI rAniyoM ne yathAsamaya RSabhadeva, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, vardhamAna, rAma aura zrIkRSNa ko janma diyaa| catunikAya ke deva ayodhyA, hastinApura, zauryapura, vArANasI aura kuNDapura phuNce| prathama pAMca mahApuruSoM kA indra ne sumeru para janmAbhiSeka sampanna kiyaa| tRtIya sarga meM tIrthaMkaroM kA nAmakaraNa sampanna hotA hai / sAtoM zizu kramazaH bar3e hote haiM / bAla krIr3AeM karate haiM / ucita vaya-prApti hone para inake vivAha bho hue| caturtha sarga meM tIrthaMkaratva ke pariNAmasvarUpa deza meM samRddhi bar3hane lagI / RSabhadeva ko bAhubalI Adi putra prApta hue / zrIkRSNa kA saMbaMdha pAMDavoM se hotA hai| kabhI hastinApura meM rAjA zAntanu rAjya karate the| unake bhISma pitAmaha jaise parAkramA putra hue| isI vaMza meM kuru aura pAMDu kumAra bhI hue / kuru ke putra kaurava, pANDu ke putra pAMDava hue / bar3a hI kauzala aura nipuNatA ke sAtha zleSa ke prayoga dvArA kavi ne eka-eka padya meM eka sAtha ina sAta mahApuruSoM ke jIvana vRttAnta prastuta kie haiN| rAma ko vanavAsa hotA hai, bharata virakta hokara zAsana kArya kA saMcAlana karate haiM / tIrthaMkaragaNa dIkSA grahaNa kA upakrama karate haiM / paMcama sarga meM dIkSopa AMta tIrthaMkara vihAra Arambha karate haiN| pA~coM tIrthaMkara tapaH sAdhanA meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM / rAma, lakSmaNa aura sotA vana vihAra karate haiN| rAvaNa dvArA sItA kA haraNa hotA hai| udhara zrIkRSNa kI pAMDavoM ke sAtha sudRr3ha mitratA hotI hai / dvArakA ko ve sabhI bhAMti dRr3hatara banAte haiM / zizupAla jarAsandha ke sAtha dvArakA para AkramaNArtha prasthAna karatA hai|

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80 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya chaThe sarga meM tIthakarA kA kavalajJAna kI, rAma ko (rAvaNa ke sAtha yuddha ke pazcAt) ardhacakrI pada kI prApti hotI hai| sAtaveM sarga meM tIrthaMkaroM ke samavazaraNa kI racanA hotI hai| ve munimaNDaliyoM ke sAtha vihAra karate haiM / unake prabhAva pUrNa upadezoM se virakta ho aneka rAjA mahArAjA dIkSA grahaNa * rate haiN| AThaveM sarga meM RSabhanandana-bharata cakravartI digvijaya abhiyAna para prasthAna karate haiN| ve vijaya lAbha karate haiN| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke mokSa ke pazcAt bharata unake dvArA paripAlita bhUmi kI rakSA karate haiM / nauveM sarga meM jagata bhara meM tIrthaMkaroM kA dhavalayaza vyApta ho jAtA hai| rAma ayodhyA nareza ho jAte haiN| kAlAMtara meM ve tapa dvArA nirvANa prApta karate haiM / dvaipAyana RSi dvArA dvArakA kA vinAza hotA hai / balarAma tapasyA kara mokSa prApta kara lete haiM / mahAkavi meghavijaya ne prastuta mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka meM sAta kathAnakoM kA samAnAntara rUpa se nirvAha kara praca ra pANDitya kA paricaya diyA hai / zleSa dvArA eka-eka zabdAvalI se sAta-sAta bhinnArthoM kA sampreSaNa kara pAnA apane ApameM eka adbhuta camatkAra hai / isake pradarzana meM kavi sarvathA saphala huA hai / mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka sUtroM kA cayana harivaMzapurANa, triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra Adi pratiSThita graMthoM se kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka saphala mahAkAvya hai aura kAvya saundarya kI dRSTi se bhI sampanna hai| 'saptasaMdhAna' apanI arthavattA aura alaMkAra prayoga ke lie zAzvata mahatva rakhatA hai| AdhAra va mahAkAvyatva ___ kavi ne apane pUrvavartI purANa evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra Adi se prastuta kathA kA cayana kiyA hai / yadyapi kathAvastu meM navInatA ke darzana nahIM hote tathApi kavi ne apanI utkRSTa pratibhA kA paricaya avazya diyA hai / mahAkAvya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAe to bhI prastuta kAvya kharA utaratA hai / kathAvastu sargabaddha hai, maMgalAcaraNa stutirUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / durjana-nindA, sajjana-prazaMsA, deza, nagara, nado, parvata Adi kA varNana, kathA ke nAyakoM kA caritra, bhinna-bhinna rasoM kA prayoga, Rtu-citraNa,

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saMskRta jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya aneka bhAvadhArAoM ke bIca samanvaya, yuddha, vivAha, janma, tapasyA, dIkSA aura kaivalajJAnotsava kA varNana evaM zaktigata vaiziSTya Adi ise mahAkAvya kI koTi meM prastuta karate haiM / caturvarga phalaprApti kAvya meM nihita hai / rasavarNana prastuta kAvya meM aMgI rasa zAnta hai, aMgarUpa vIra, bhayAnaka, zRMgAra aura karuNa rasa kA niyojana kiyA hai / kathA ke sAtoM hI nAyaka aMtima jIvana meM saMsAra se virakta bana tapazcaraNa karate haiM aura nirvANa ko prApta hote haiN| zAMta rasa kA nirUpaNa karate hue nirveda sthAyIbhAva kI vyaMjanA kI hai saviSayo viSayojanabhakSyavat sumanasAM manasAM bhayakAraNam / bhuvidito vidito pi tadAmayA, zavarasaMvarasaMkalito'bhavat 1184 viSayoM kI abhilASA viSamizrita bhojana ke sevana karane ke samAna hai, ataH viSayecchA vicArazIla vyaktiyoM ke hRdaya meM bhaya utpanna karatI hai / ataeva isa jagatprasiddha viSayAbhilASA kA tyAga karane ke lie saMvara kI carcA karake kavi ne nirveda kI vyaMjanA kI hai / alaMkAra varNana prastuta kAvya meM alaMkAroM ke tInoM prakAra zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAra aura upamAlaMkAra kI yojanA kI hai| anuprAsa, yamaka, citra, zabdAlaMkAra haiM to zleSa ubhayAlaMkAra bhI nihita haiM / arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, virodha, atizayokti prabhRti alaMkAra pradhAna haiN| yathA utprekSA - kavi ne bharata kSetra kA varNana karate hue likhA hai meghasya hemAdriramukhyacUrlA svAdrohitA' saricca vAmA / sAdakSiNA sindhusarid rasAnaM tayoH pathaste nayane ca manye // 165 64. saptasandhAnakAvya, jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA, sUrata, vi0 saM0 2000, 8/25 65. saptasandhAnakAvya, jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA, sUrata, 1/21

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya isa bharata kSa etra kA sira himAlaya parvata hai aura himAlaya meM pravAhita hone vAlI rohitA nAma kI nadI isakI cUDA hai / AkAzagaMgA vAma bhrU aura sindhu dakSiNa bhrU hai / nadI nirgamanalikA jihvA hai aura gaMgA tathA sindhu ke UparI bhAga donoM netra haiM / isa prakAra himAlaya kI kalpanA sira ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai / 82 zailI - prasAdaguNa yukta zailI hone para bhI zleSa ke kAraNa arthabodha meM kucha kaThinAI avazya A jAtI hai / kavi ne anuprAsa ke sAtha komalakAnta padAvalI kA vyavahAra kiyA hai / yathA divAnizaM kelikalAkalApai - rAlISu tAlIvidhinopajApaiH / satyAsudavyA divasAH sukhena, sUryaH satyAgamayAMbabhUvuH 1166 astu, kAvya kasauTI para kasane se kavi kA prastuta kAvya kharA utaratA hai tathA kavi ne apanI utkRSTa pratibhA kA paricaya pradAna kiyA hai| ina prAtinidhika jaina kRSNa kAvyoM kA anuzIlana kara maiMne apanA vaktavya yahAM para prastuta kiyA hai / inake atirikta bhI kucha anya racanAe~ chUTa jAtI haiM / jinako kAlakramAnusAra maiMne sUcI ke rUpa meM yahAM para prastuta kara dI hai| inameM kucha ariSTanemi ke caritra se saMbaMdhita haiM to kucha kRSNa, pradyumna, pANDava aura harivaMza se saMbaMdhita caritra kAvya haiN| inakA vivecana hamAre vivecya viSaya kI paridhi ke upayukta nahIM thA isalie inakA adhika vivecana na kara kevala sUcanA mAtra de dI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : saMvata vi0 saM0 1223 vi0 saM0 1257 vi0 saM0 1285 vi0 saM0 1530 vi0 saM0 1575 vi0 saM0 1645 vi0 saM0 1657 vi0 saM0 1668 66. saptasandhAnakAvya; jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA, sUrata, 2/6 nAma ariSTanemi carita pANDava carita neminAtha carita pradyumna carita neminAtha purANa pradyumna carita pANDavapurANa neminAtha carita kRtikAra ratnaprabhasUri devaprabhasUri udayaprabhasUri somakIrti brahma nemidatta ravisAgara zrI bhUSaNa guNavijaya

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saMskRta-jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 83 ariSTanemi carita vi0 saM0 1668 vijaya gaNi pradyumna carita vi0 saM0 1671 ratanacanda harivaMzapurANa vi0 saM0 1671 bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti harivaMzapurANa vi0 saM0 1675 , zrIbhUSaNa neminAtha carita vi0 saM0 1965 kItirAja pradyumnacarita 17vIM zadI mallibhUSaNa isake atirikta saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya se saMbaMdhita eka anya vidhA nATaka ko lekara bhI kucha kRtiyAM milatI haiM jinameM vizeSa ullekhanIya hastimalla ke do nATaka haiM (1) vikrAnta kaurava (2) subhadrA isake kRtikAra ke bAre meM jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / kevala kucha sUcanA milatI hai, jo isa prakAra hai| eka bAra eka madonmatta uddaNDa hAthI ko vaza meM karake hastimalla ne pANDya rAjA ko prabhAvita kiyA thA taba rAjA ne unheM yahI nAma dekara isI upAdhi se unheM vibhUSita kiyaa| digaMbara jaina saMpradAya ke sAhityakAroM meM inakA vizeSa nAma ginAyA jAtA hai / ye eka mAtra aise nATakakAra haiM jinakI racita nATaka racanAe~ upalabdha haiM / inakA hama pUrva meM hI ullekha kara cuke haiM / ye janma se brAhmaNa the, parantu zrI samantabhadra kRta devAgama stotra ko sunakara ye prabhAvita hue aura inhoMne jaina dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| (5) dvisandhAna (rAghava pANDavIya) mahAkAvya : kRti evaM kRtikAra . . dvisandhAnam kAvya eka utkRSTa koTi kI racanA hai| isameM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata donoM kathAoM ko eka sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI isa kAvya ke kartA dhanaMjaya kI uccazreNI kI kAvyapratibhA kA paricaya isa viziSTa racanA se bhalIbhAMti mila jAtA hai| kavi ne isa kRti meM pratyeka chaMda kI racanA isa prakAra se kI hai ki usake do artha vyakta ho jAte haiN| eka artha rAmakathA se saMbaMdhita hai to dUsarA artha zrI kRSNa kathA se / isI kAraNa isa racanA kA apara zIrSaka rAghavapANDavIyakathA bhI hai|

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84 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya samAnAntara rUpa se do kathAnakoM ke nirvAha ke kAraNa ise dvisandhAnam kahA hai| isakA kathAnaka 18 sargoM meM vyApta hai| kRtikAra kRtikAra-"dvisandhAnam' kAvya kI TIkA se kavi paricaya para yatkiJcit prakAza par3atA hai| isa racanA ke aMtima chaMda kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki kavi dhanaMjaya ke pitA kA nAma vAsUdeva aura mAtA kA nAma zrIdevI thaa| isI srota se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ke guru kA nAma dazaratha thA / racanA-preraNA ke viSaya meM bhI eka kiMvadantI pracalita hai ki kavi dhanaMjaya ke pUtra ke sAtha sarpadaMza kI durghaTanA ho gayI thii| ataH sarpaviSa ke prabhAva ko dUra karane ke prayojana se kavi ne stotra rUpa meM yaha racanA kii| racanAkAla dvisandhAnam kAvya ke viSaya meM bhI mata-matAntara haiN| DaoN0 ke0 vI0 pAThaka kI mAnyatA hai ki kavi dhanaMjaya kA kAla 1123-1140 I0 ke madhya thaa| DaoN0 e0 bI0 kItha ne apane saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM pAThaka ke mata ko svIkAra kiyA hai| anyAnya upalabdha ullekhoM ke sAtha isa mAnyatA kA mela nahIM baiThatA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne kavi dhanaMjaya kA ullekha "prameyakamalamArtaNDa" meM kiyA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra kA samaya 11vIM zadI kA pUrvArddha thA / vAdirAja ne bhI apanI racanA pArzvanAtha carita meM dvisandhAna ke kartA dhanaMjaya kI carcA kI hai| pArzvanAthacarita kAvya kA kAla 1024 I0 hai| aura vAdirAja kA 1025 I0 hai| astu, dhanaMjaya kA kAla isase bhI pUrva kA honA caahie| jalhaNa ne rAjazekhara ke nAmavAlA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai| __ yaha rAjazekhara "kAvyamImAMsA" ke racanAkAra haiM aura inakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI hai / phalataH dhanaMjaya kA samaya 10vIM zadI se pUrva kA honA caahie| 67. yaH zrIdevyA mAtunandanaH putro vasudevataH prativasudevasya pituH pratinidhiH 18/146 68. prameyakamalamArtaNDa-mANikacanda graMthamAlA pR0 402 / 66. dvisandhAne nipuNatAM satAM cakre dhanaMjayAH / yathAjAtaM phalaM tasya satAM cakre dhanaMjayAH -saMskRtasAhitya kA itihAsa hA0 baladeva upAdhyAya, zAradAmaMdira kAzI SaSTha saMskaraNa, pR. 304

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saMskRta jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya svayaM dhanaMjaya ne apanI racanA nAmamAlA ( pramANamakalaMkasya ) meM akalaMka kA nirdeza kiyA hai / 70 ataH kRvi kA kAla akalaMka ke pUrva kA nahIM ho sakatA / niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kavi dhanaMjaya kA kAla akalaMka ke pazcAt aura vAdirAja ke pUrva kA hI ho sakatA hai / anumAnataH unakA samaya IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hai / kathAvastu 85 prathamasarga - graMthAraMbha meM kavi munisuvrata aura neminAtha tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra karatA hai / rAma kathA kA AraMbha karate hue ayodhyA aura zrIkRSNa kathA kA AraMbha karate hue hastinApura kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / prajAjana zAMti aura sukha se jIvana yApana karate haiM / prathama sarga meM yahI citraNa hai / dvitIya sarga meM donoM rAja-parivAroM kA varNana hai / ayodhyA meM rAjA dazaratha aura hastinApura meM rAjA pANDu kA rAjya hai / rAjA dazaratha kI paTTarAnI kauzalyA aura rAjA pANDu ko paTTarAnI kuntI thI / donoM apane sadAcAra aura uccazIla ke lie vikhyAta thIM / tRtIya sarga meM kauzalyA ke garbha dhAraNa karane para sarvatra chAye hue prasanna vAtAvaraNa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / mAtA kauzalyA rAma ko janma detI hai / kaikeyI ke bharata aura sumitrA ke lakSmaNa tathA zatrughna nAmaka putra hote haiM / rAjA janaka kI putrI jAnakI ke sAtha rAma kA vivAha huA pANDurAjA kI paTTarAnI kuntI yudhiSThira, bhIma aura arjuna ko aura mAdrI nakula evaM sahadeva ko janma detI hai / ye pAMDava kahalAye / dhRtarASTra ke sau putra hue jo kaurava kahalAe / 1 cauthe sarga meM varNana hai ki eka dina dazaratha ne darpaNa meM apane zveta keza dekhe aura nizcaya kara liyA ki rAma ko rAjya sauMpakara aba mujhe tapasyA AraMbha karanI caahie| kaikeyI ne dazaratha se vara mAMgA ki rAma ko 14 varSa kA vanavAsa mile aura bharata ko ayodhyA kA rAjya / rAma, sItA 70. pramANamakalaGkasya pUjyapAdasya lakSaNam / dvisandhAnakaveH kAvyaM, ratnatrayamapazcimam - nAmamAlA, bhAratIyajJAnapITha kAzI, 1640 I0 zloka 201 pR0 62

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86 aura lakSmaNa ke sAtha vana ko gaye yudhiSThira ko rAjya sauMpa kara pANDu kiyA / duryodhana ne chalapUrvaka jue meM pANDavoM ko vanavAsa bhoganA par3A / jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya aura dazaratha muni bane / dUsarI ora ne tapasyA AraMbha karane kA nizcaya yudhiSThira se rAjya jIta liyA / pAMcave sarga meM rAma kA Agamana daNDakAraNya meM hotA hai / lakSmaNa caMdrahAsa khaDga prApta karate haiM / zUrpaNakhA rAma para mohita hotI hai kiMtu apamAnita aura asaphala hokara vaha sItAharaNa ke lie vAtAvaraNa banA detI hai| rAma lakSmaNa rAkSasoM kA vadha karate haiM / pANDava ajJAta vAsa ke nimitta virATa rAjA ke yahAM pahuMcate haiN| kIcaka draupadI ko dekhakara usa para mohita ho jAtA hai / bhIma kIcaka kA vadha kara detA hai / chaThe sarga meM rAma lakSmaNa kA khara dUSaNa se yuddha hotA hai / apanI zakti aura parAkrama se ve khara dUSaNa kI senA ko parAjita kara dete haiM / khara dUSaNa kA vadha ho jAtA hai / arjuna aura bhIma kA yuddha una dasyuoM ke sAtha hotA hai jo gAyoM ko curAte haiM / ve unako baMdhana se mukta karake gAyoM kI rakSA karate haiM / sAtaveM sarga meM rAvaNa zUrpaNakhA ko sAntvanA dene ke lie pahuMcatA hai / daNDaka vana meM sItA ke sauMdarya se vaha prabhAvita ho jAtA hai aura usakA apaharaNa kara vaha laMkA kI ora cala detA hai / dUsarI ora dyUtakrIDA meM parAjaya ke kAraNa rAjyahIna yudhiSThira ko bhIma kahatA hai ki Apako apane apamAna kA badalA lenA cAhie / dvArikAdhIza zrIkRSNa kI sahAyatA se hameM vijaya prApta hogI / aura, dharmarAja yudhiSThira dvArikA ke lie prasthAna karate haiM / AThaveM sarga meM varNana hai ki rAvaNa ko isa bAta kI AzA thI ki apaharaNa ke bAda nirAza sItA AtmasamarpaNa kara degI, kiMtu sItA apane mArga para dRr3ha rahatI hai / dvArikA ke rAjabhavana ke gavAkSoM se yudhiSThira sAgara darzana karate haiN| unake lie duryodhana kI niraMkuzatA aura anyAya asahya ho gaye, kiMtu ve vacana baddhatA ke kAraNa nirupAya the / nauveM sarga meM sItAharaNa ke kAraNa rAma ciMtita aura duHkhita batAye gae haiM / ve sItA kI khoja karate haiM / vidyAdhara sugrIva kI patnI kA apaharaNa kara sAhasagati ne anItipUrvaka rAjya hathiyAyA aura usakA zAsana kiyA /

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saMskRta-jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 6 rAma isa anIti kA virodha karate haiN| kiSkidhA meM bhayaMkara yuddha hotA hai. aura sAhasagati mArA jAtA hai| nala, nIla, jAMbavanta Adi rAma kA svAgata karate haiN| dUsarI ora zrIkRSNa ke sAtha jarAsaMdha vairabhAva rakhatA hai| vaha zrIkRSNa para AkramaNa karatA hai kintu parAjita ho jAtA hai| dvArikA meM vijaya ke harSa meM utsava manAyA jAtA hai / zrIkRSNa arjuna kI vIratA se bahuta prabhAvita hote haiM aura bahana subhadrA kA usake sAtha vivAha karane ke viSaya para socate haiN| __dasaveM sarga meM lakSmaNa rAjA sugrIva ke pAsa jAte haiM aura usase kahate haiM ki tumheM sItA kI khoja kA prayatna karanA cAhie, anyathA rAma kA krodha tumheM naSTa kara degaa| dUsarI ora zrIkRSNa ke pAsa puruSottama nAmaka dUta AtA hai jo kahatA hai ki Apako jarAsaMdha ke sAtha mitratA kara lenI caahie| gyArahaveM sarga meM sugrIva apanI rAjasabhA meM carcA kara nizcaya karatA hai ki rAvaNa prabala parAkramI hai ataH zatru para vijaya prApta karane ke lie mujhe rAma ke sAtha maitrI kara lenI caahie| ve aisA socate haiM, paraMtu vicalita sugrIva ko jAMbavAna dhIraja dilAtA hai| hanumAna, jAmbavAna aura sugrIva punaH vicAra vimarza karate haiN| dUsarI ora jarAsaMdha ke dUta ke lauTa. jAne para zrIkRSNa apane anubhavI sahayogiyoM se vicAra vimarza karate haiM / bhIma jarAsaMdha ke vinAza kA vicAra prakaTa karatA hai / balarAma madhyasthatA kI bAta karate haiN| ___bArahaveM sarga meM lakSmaNa hanumAna ke sAtha koTizilA para pahuMcate haiM aura ve usa zilA ko uThA lete haiN| dUsarI ora zrIkRSNa bhI apane mitroM sahita koTizilA para pahuMcate haiM aura ve bhI zilA ko uThA lete haiN| terahaveM sarga meM hanumAna sItA kA samAcAra lAne akele laMkA jAte haiN| hanumAna rAvaNa ko kumArga ko tyAgane aura rAma kI zaraNa grahaNa karane kI salAha dete haiM, kiMtu ve usameM saphala nahIM hote| dUsarI ora zrIkRSNa kA dUta zrIzaila rAjagaha jAtA hai aura jarAsaMdha se kahatA hai ki tuma zrIkRSNa kI adhInatA svIkAra kara lo yA kandarA meM jAkara dhyAna kro| caudahaveM sarga meM rAma, lakSmaNa, hanumAna Adi dvArA rAvaNa se yuddha kI taiyArI kA varNana hai| eka ora rAma kI senA laMkA kI ora bar3hane

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88 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya lagI hai to dUsarI ora zrIkRSNa balarAma pANDavoM ke sAtha rAjagRha kI ora bar3hate haiM / pandrahaveM sarga meM varNana hai ki rAma kI senA samudra taTa taka pahuMca gayI aura vAnara yoddhAoM ne vanavihAra tathA jalakrIDAe~ kIM / dUsarI ora yAdavavaMzI rAjAgaNa gaMgA ke kinAre jAkara vana vihAra karane lage / solahaveM sarga meM rAma kI senA ne laMkA para AkramaNa kara diyA hai isa bAta ko sunakara rAvaNa apanI senA ko taiyAra ho jAne kA Adeza detA hai| donoM pakSoM kI senAe~ raNabhUmi meM Amane sAmane A jAtI haiM / rAma ke bANoM ke samakSa rAvaNa ke prakhyAta putra yoddhA meghanAda tathA bhAI kuMbhakarNa Adi Tika nahIM pAte haiM / dUsarI ora zrIkRSNa kI senA jarAsaMdha para AkramaNa karatI hai aura apane pracaMDa prahAroM se jarAsaMdha ke pakSa meM AtaMka macA detI hai / kabaMdha nAcane lagate haiM / satarahaveM sarga meM rAvaNa kI senA kI prabalatA kA citraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai / usake sainika kavacadhArI the, ataH bANa unake zarIra taka nahIM pahuMca pAte the / rAma ne agni ke samAna tIkSNa bANoM kI varSA kara dI, ataH rAma kI vijaya huI | dUsarI ora zrIkRSNa, balarAma, arjuna Adi ne jarAsaMdha kI senA ko ghera liyA / bhayaMkara bANa varSA hone lagI aura zrIkRSNa dvArA jarAsaMdha kA vadha ho jAtA hai / aThArahaveM sarga meM laMkA kA rAjya vibhISaNa ko sauMpakara rAma sItA sahita puSpaka vimAna meM baiThakara laMkA se ayodhyA meM A jAte haiM / dUsarI ora zrIkRSNa jarAsaMdha ke pakSa ko pUrNa dhvasta karake pANDavoM ke sAtha mitratA nibAhate hue rAjya kA saMcAlana karate haiM isa prakAra dvisaMdhAna kAvya meM kavi dhanaMjaya ne zrIkRSNa aura rAma kI kathA ke pramukha aMzoM kA varNana eka sAtha kiyA hai / isa durgama kArya meM kavi ko abhinaMdanIya saphalatA bhI milI hai / kAvya kA AraMbha tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti se huA hai / maMtraNA, dUta preSaNa, yuddhavarNana, nagara varNana, samudra, udyAna vana Adi ke varNana Aye haiM / kathAnaka kA saMyojana isa prakAra huA hai ki usameM harSa, zoka, bhaya, roSa Adi vibhinna manobhAvoM kA suMdara citraNa ho pAyA hai / kAvya-sauMdarya kI dRSTi se bhI prastuta racanA samRddha hai / mahAkAvyatva- prastuta kAvya kI rAma-kRSNa kathA 18 sargoM meM vibhakta hai / kAvyAraMbha tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA se huA hai / itivRtta purANa prasiddha hai /

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saMskRta-jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 86 maMtraNA, dUtapreSaNa, yuddhavarNana, nagaravarNana, samudra, parvata, Rtu, caMdra, sUrya, pAdapa, udyAna, jalakrIDA, puSpAkcaya, suratotsava Adi kA citraNa suMdara rIti se vivecita hai| kathAnaka meM harSa, zoka, krodha, bhaya, IrSyA, ghRNA Adi bhAvoM kA saMyojana huA hai| zabdakrIDA ke bAvajUda rasa kA vaiziSTya vidyamAna hai / mahatkArya aura mahaduddezya kA nirvAha bhI huA hai| vivAha, kumArakrIDA, yauvarAjyAvasthA, pArivArika kalaha, dAsiyoM kI vAcAlatA kA bhI saMdara citraNa huA hai / yathA visA ribhiH snAnakaSAyabhUSitavibhISiteva priyagAnnamaGganA / zucau samAliG gati yatra sAkhe, hRdetarantI kalahaMsasaMkule // 1 grISmaRtuoM meM jahAM para suMdara haMsoM se pUrNa sarayU nadI ke ghAToM para tairatI huI yuvatI snAna ke samaya lagAe lepa Adi se raMgI huI machaliyoM se Darakara apane pati ke zarIra se cipaTa jAtI haiN| dvitIya artha hastinApura meM suMdara haMsoM se parivyApta aura unake kolAhala se yukta svaccha tAlAba meM tairatI huI aMganAeM unake zarIra se cipaTa jAtI haiN| prakRticitraNa __ kavivara dhanaMjaya ne prastuta mahAkAvya meM prakRti ke ramyarUpa ko prastuta kara mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ko ulita kiyA hai| yathA bhUjAyate prdeshe'sminsaaltaaliismaakule| abhikhyAtiyutA nityaM zaSpacchAyodakAnvitA / / 72 sAla evaM tAla vRkSoM se vyApta, bhoja patroM ke samAna vistRta aura sanatala kSetra meM dUba kI chAyA aura jala se pUrNa zItala bhUmi atyaMta ramaNIya pratIta hotI hai| rasavarNana prastuta kAvya meM vIrarasa aMgI rasa hai tathA aMga rUpa meM zRMgAra, bhayAnaka, raudra aura bIbhatsa rasoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| 71. dvisandhAnam, zivadatta zarmA, mirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI, 1-12, 1865 I0 72.

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E jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa-sAhitya " zRMgArarasa-jIvana meM zrRMgAra bhAvanA kA vyApaka astitva hai| isakA sthAyI bhAva rati hai. kavivara dhanaMjaya ne saMyoga-zRMgAra aura vilAsalIlA kA suMdara citraNa karate hue likhA hai kSupavipinalatAntarejanAmA-mitisuratavyavahAravRttirAsIt / nanu dayitaparasparAnikAra-vyavaharaNaM bhuvi jIvitavya mAhuH // 3 __ choTe-choTe paudhoM kI saghana paMkti aura latAoM kI oTa meM krIDA karate hue logoM kI surata kriyA kA AcaraNa huA thaa| satya hai ki premI premikAoM ke paraspara nizchala vyavahAra se hI saMsAra meM jIvana pravAha calatA hai| alaMkAra varNana kavi ne aMtima sarga ko yamakAlaMkAra se suzobhita kara camatkAra se sajita kiyA hai| isa sarga ke 146 padya yamaka ke adhyayana ke lie mahatvapUrNa haiM / zleSa to samasta padyoM meM upalabdha hai| upamA, utprekSA, atizayokti, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM kI suMdara saMyojanA karake kavi ne apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| pANDitya prastuta mahAkAvya pANDitya kI dRSTi se bhI samRddha hai| vyAkaraNa, kAvyazAstra, rAjanIti aura sAmudrika zAstra saMbaMdhI carcAeM bhI isa kAvya meM upalabdha hotI haiM / yathA padaprayoge nipuNaM vinA me sandhau visarge ca kRtAvadhAnam / sarveSu zAstreSu jitazramaM taccApepi na vyAkaraNaM mumoca // 4 zabda aura dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM nipuNa, Satva-NatvakaraNa, saMdhi tathA visarga kA prayoga karane meM na cUkane vAle tathA samasta zAstroM ke parizramapUrvaka adhyetA vaiyyAkaraNI bhI vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana ke samAna cApavidyA ko acUka banA dete haiN| isa prakAra prastuta mahAkAvya kAvya sauSThava ke samasta guNoM meM apanA eka vaiziSTya rakhatA hai| 73. dvisandhAnam saM0 zivadatta zarmA, nirNayasAgara presa baMbaI, 1895 I0 15/18 - 74. dvisandhAnam, saM0 zivadatta zarmA, nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI, 3/36 ..

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saMskRta - jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 75 (6) purANasAra saMgraha ( dAmanandi ) 61 prastuta kRti ke racayitA dAmanandi AcArya haiM / prastuta kRti meM AdinAtha, caMdraprabha, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke jIvana caritra upalabdha hote haiM / 27 sargoM vAlI isa kRti meM AdinAtha ke 4, caMdraprabha ke 1, zAntinAtha ke 6, neminAtha ke 5, pArzvanAtha ke 5 aura mahAvIra ke 5 sarga saMbaMdhita haiM / grantha ke nAma ko lekara bhinna-bhinna sUcanA grantha kI aMtima puSpikA - vAkyoM meM upalabdha hotI hai; jisake anusAra 10 sargoM meM purANasArasaMgraha, bAraha meM purANasaMgraha, do meM mahApurANa - purANasaMgraha, eka meM mahApurANasaMgraha, eka meM kevala mahApurANa aura tIna meM kevala arthAkhyAna saMgraha hI sUcita kie gae haiM / isakA maiMne adhika vivecana nahIM kiyA kyoMki mere adhyayana se isakA utanA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha nahIM hai / (7) harivaMzapurANa - AcArya jinasena harivaMza purANa ke karttA jinasena digaMbara AcArya the / samagra jaina vAGamaya meM isa kRti kA apanI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| isa bRhadgraMtha meM kula 66 sarga haiM, aura kula zloka 12 hajAra haiM / gra Mtha ke zIrSaka se hI yaha spaSTa hai ki harivaMza purANa kA mukhya viSaya bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke vaMza kA paricaya hai / harivaMza hI bhagavAna kA vaMza hai aura isameM yAdavakula kA varNana 16 veM sarga se 63 veM sarga taka hai / 32 veM sarga meM zrIkRSNa ke bar3e bhAI baladeva kA varNana hai / 35 veM sarga se zrIkRSNa ke janma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ se aMtima sarga taka zrIkRSNa ke jIvana ke vibhinna prasaMgoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / kAliyAmardana, kaMsavadha, ugrasena kI mukti, satyabhAmA se vivAha, jarAsaMdha ke putra kA vadha, pradyumna kA janma, jAmbavatI se vivAha, dakSiNabhArata kI vijaya, zrIkRSNa kA dakSiNa gamana, kRSNa maraNa, baladeva vilApa, baladeva kI jina dIkSA Adi kRSNa jIvana ke prasaMgoM kI avadhAraNA "harivaMzapurANa' meM milatI hai jo jaina zrIkRSNa kathA kI rUparekhA prastuta kara detI hai / " AcArya jinasena punnATa pradeza ( karnATaka kA prAcIna nAma ) ke munisamudAya ke AcArya the / inake guru kA nAma kIrtiSeNa thA / inake mAtA 75. harivaMzapurANa -- AcArya jinasena, prastAvanA, pR0 3, saMpAdaka - pannAlAla jaina prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI

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12 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhiya pitA ke janma sthAna aura jIvana vRttAnta ke ullekha upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| graMtha kA racanAkAla nauvIM zatAbdI vi0 kA madhya hai| zaka saM0705 (I0 san 783) meM yaha pUrNa huaa| graMtha ke ullekhAnusAra vardhamAnapura meM nandarAjA dvArA nirmApita prabhu pArzvanAtha ke maMdira meM isakI racanA prAraMbha kI gaI, para yahA~ para yaha racanA pUrNa na ho skii| dostaTikA nagarI kI prajA ke dvArA nirmita arcanA aura pUjA stuti se vahA~ ke zAMtinAtha maMdira meM isakI racanA pUrNa huI / kAvyasauSThava prastuta purANa meM itihAsa, rAjanIti, dharmanIti Adi viSayoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / loka saMsthAna ke rUpa meM sRSTivarNana bhI 4 sargoM meM upalabdha hai| tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA va rAjAgaNa, vidyAdhara Adi ke caritroM kA bhI varNana kavi ne suMdara rUpa se kiyA hai| isa graMtha ke pUrva bhadrabAhu kRta "vasudeva carita" jo upalabdha nahIM hai aura saMghadAsa gaNi kRta vasudeva hiNDI meM vasudeva kI kautukapUrNa kathA varNita hai| yaha na kevala eka kathA graMtha mAtra hai apitu mahAkAvya ke guNoM se yukta uccakoTi kA kAvya bhI hai| isameM prAyaH sabhI rasoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jarAsaMdha aura zrIkRSNa ke bIca romAMcakArI yaddhavarNana meM vIrarasa kA saMdara samAveza kavi dvArA kiyA gayA hai / neminAtha kA vairAgya aura balarAma kA vilApa jahA~ karuNa rasa ko ubhAratA hai vahIM dvArikA nirmANa aura yaduvaMziyoM kA prabhAva adbhuta rasa kI dyotaka ghaTanAe~ prastuta karatA hai / gratha kI bhASA bhAvapUrNa praur3ha aura udAtta hai| yatra-tatra alaMkAroM kI chaTA bhI bikharI paDI hai sAtha hI vividha chaMdoM kA saMdara prayoga bhI kavi ne kiyA hai aura apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| vasudeva kI saMgIta kalA ko dekhane ke lie 16veM sarga ke 120 zloka paThanIya haiM / inakA saMbaMdha bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra se jor3A jA sakatA hai| jahA~ lokavibhAga tathA zalAkApuruSoM kA varNana tiloyapaNNatti se mela khAtA hai vahA~ dvAdazAMga kA varNana rAjavAtika se sAmya rakhatA hai| 76. sarga 66 zloka 42 / 77. sarga 66 zloka 43

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saMskRta - jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya bhArata kI rAjanaitika paristhiti digdarzana rAjanItika sthiti kA digdarzana karate hue jinasena ne likhA hai ki usa samaya uttara dizA meM indrAyudha, dakSiNa dizA meM kRSNa kA putra zrI vallabha aura pUrva meM avantinareza vatsarAja tathA pazcima meM sauroM ke adhimaNDala sauSTra meM vIra jayavarAha rAjya karate the / 78 isake alAvA bhagavAna mahAvIra se lekara guptavaMza evaM kalki ke samaya taka madhyadeza ke zAsana kartA pramukha rAjavaMzoM kI paraMparAoM ke ullekha, avantI ke gaddIpara AsIna honevAle rAjavaMza aura rAsabhavaMza ke prasiddha rAjA vikramAditya kA bhI krama diyA hai / 79 bhagavAna mahAvIra se lekara 683 varSa kI sarvamAnya guruparamparA aura usake Age apane samaya taka kI anyatra anupalabdha avicchinna guru paraMparA bhI dI gayI hai / 80 apane pUrvavartI aneka kaviyoM tathA kRtiyoM kA paricaya bhI prastuta purANa meM upalabdha hotA hai / graMthakartA jinasena yadyapi digaMbara saMpradAya se saMbaddha the, tathApi harivaMza ke aMtima sarga meM unhoMne prabhu mahAvIra ke vivAha prasaMga ko ullekhita kiyA hai / yaha bAta digaMbara saMpradAya ko mAnya nahIM hai / 81 jinasena ne apane se pUrvavartI jina vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve haiM-- samantabhadra, siddhasena, devanandi, vajrasUri, mahAsena, sulocanA kathA ke kartA, raviSeNa padmapurANa ke kartA, jaTAsiMhanandi varAMgacarita ke kartA, zAnta kisI kAvya graMtha ke kartA, vizeSavAdi gadyapadyamaya viziSTa kAvya ke racayitA kumArasena, vIrasena, kaviyoM ke cakravartI jinasena - pAzrvAbhyudaya ke kartA tathA eka anya kavi vardhamAna purANa ke kartA haiM / 2 isase jinasena ke adhyavasAya kA patA calatA hai / (7) nemidUta yaha eka laghukAvya hai / nemidUta ke racayitA vikrama kavi haiM / isake 78. harivaMzapurANa sarga 66-52-53 76. harivaMzapurANa sarga 60, 487- 462 80. harivaMzapurANa sarga 66, 21-33 81. 17 " 6 3 maMgalam / 82. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pR0 48, bhAga-6, DaoN0 gulAbacaMda caudharI 66, 8 yazodayAyAM sutayA yazodayA pavitrayA vIravivAha

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14 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kula 126 padya haiM / isameM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA caritravarNana hai| paNDita nAtharAma premI ne isa kavi ko digaMbara jaina saMpradAya kA siddha kiyA hai| khambhAta ke citAmaNi pArzvanAtha maMdira meM eka zilAlekha hai jo vi0 saM0 1352 kA hai| isa lekha meM 28 se 31veM padyoM meM mAlavA, sapAdalakSa aura cittauDa (citrakaTa) se saMbhAta meM Ae hue sAMgaNa jayatA aura pralhAdana Adi dhanI zrAvakoM kA ullekha hai| jinhoMne ukta maMdira kI niraMtara pUjA hote rahane ke lie vyApAra para kucha lAga bAMdha dI thii| inameM sAMgaNa huMkAravaMza (hambaDa) ke aura jayatA siMhapUra vaMza (narasiMhapurA) ke the| saMbhava hai ki inameM se pahale zrAvaka sAMgaNa ke putra hI vikrama rahe hoN| sAMgaNa Adi digaMbara sapradAya ke mAlUma hote haiM / kyoMki, isa lekha ke cauthe padya meM sahasrakIti aura sattAisaveM padya meM yazaHkoti guru kA ullekha hai aura ye donoM digaMbara sAdha haiN| isake sivAya hambaDa aura narasiMhapurA jAtiyoM ke zrAvaka isa samaya bhI digaMbara AmnAya ke anuyAyI haiM / 83 dUsarA tarka dene vAle zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI haiN| inhoMne apane "jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' meM sAMgaNa suta vikrama ko gurjara mahAkavi RSabhadAsa kA bhAI mAnA hai aura inakA samaya 17vIM zatI nirdhArita kiyA hai| zrI premIjI ne isa mata kI AlocanA kI hai / 84 tIsarA mata muni vidyAvijaya jI kA hai| inakI mAnyatA hai ki vi0 kI 12vIM zadI ke karNAvatI ke mantrI sAMgaNa ke putra vikrama the / ina tInoM mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA muni vinayasAgara jI ne isa prakAra kI hai-kharataragacchAlaMkAra yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvali (14vIM zadI ke uttarArdha kI racanA)ke anusAra zrIjinapatisUrijI ke ziSya zrIjinezvarasUri ne vi0 saM0 1285 se 1330 taka lagabhaga 12, 15 ziSya kIrti nandI meM dIkSita kie the, jinameM yazaHkIrti kA ullekha hai| isake atirikta eka aura bAta yaha bhI hai ki isI gurvAvalimeM saM0 1226 meM zrI jinezvarasari jI kI adhyakSatA meM eka yAtrAsaMgha nikalA thA jo kramazaH yAtrA karate-karate khaMbhAta meM phuNcaa| vahA~ maMdira meM phUlamAlA kI boliyA~ lagI thiiN| unameM sAMgaNasuta ne dramoM meM camaradhAraka pada dhAraNa kiyA thA / 83. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI pR0 361 84. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 286, 485, 760, 762, 882, 866, 604, 1003 / 85. nemidUta, koTA prakAzana vi0 saM0 2004, prastAvanA, pR0 2 20 deg . .

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saMskRta - jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 65 jisa hUMbaDa jAti ko dekhakara kavi ko digaMbara batAyA gayA hai, vaha hUMbaDa jAti zvetAmbaroM meM bhI hotI hai aura Aja mAlava dezastha pratApagar3ha meM lagabhaga 75 ghara hUMbaDa jAti ke haiM / ye saba ke saba zvetAMbara haiM / pUrva meM bhI 12 vIM zAdI ke yugapradhAna dAdA padadhAraka zrI jinadattasUri jI bhI saf hot 186 madUta kAvya ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha kRti sAMpradAyika nahIM hai / yahA~ zvetAMbara yA digaMbara AmnAya kI koI bAta nahIM miltii| jaba taka kavi ke gaNa-gaccha kA patA na lage taba taka kavi ke AmnAya kA yathArtha nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kevala zvetAMbara - vRtti ke AdhAra para kavi ko zvetAMbara mAnanA ThIka nhiiN| premIjI ke tarkoM kA abhI khaNDana nahIM ho pAyA hai / 87 nemidUta kAvya kI eka hastalikhita prati vi0 saM0 1472 kI " likhI huI hai aura dUsarI vi0 saM0 1516 kI hai / ataH vi0saM0 1472 ke pUrva kavi ko mAnane meM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai / premIjI ne 13 vIM zatI aura vinayasAgara jI ne 14vIM zadI mAnA hai / kavi vikrama kharataragaccha ke jinezvarasUri ke bhakta zrAvaka the / kathAvastu nemakumAra virakta hokara jaba tapazcaraNa karane ke lie gae taba viraha vidhurA rAjImatI ne eka vRddha brAhmaNa ko nemi kI tapobhUmi meM unake kuzalakSetra ke samAcAra jAnane ke lie bhejaa| isake bAda apane pitA kI AjJA se apanI eka sakhI ko sAtha lekara vaha svayaM anunaya vinaya karatI 'huI apane viraha se jale hue hRdaya ko bhAvanAoM kA pralApa vyakta karane lgii| pati ke tyAga tapazcaraNa kA prabhAva bhI usa para par3A aura vaha bhI tapasvinI bana tapAcaraNa karane lagI / kavi ne nAnA prakAra se dvArikA nagarI kA sauMdarya aura vaibhava citrita kiyA hai / rAjImatI anekAneka upAyoM dvArA nemikumAra ko saMsArAbhimukhI banAne kA prayAsa karatI rahI para use saphalatA na milI / revataka 86. vahI, prastAvanA pR0 3 87. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana: vArANasI, san 88. nemidUta : ma0 vinayasAgara, prastAvanA pR0 4 yogadAna, DaoN0 nemicanda zAstrI 1971, pR0 476 485

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16 jaina paraMparA meM zrISkRNa sAhitya parvata se dvArikA ke mArga taka par3ane vAle aneka prAkRtika dRzyoM kA sajIva varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| svarNa rekhA nadI va usake taTa, vAmanapurI, bhadrAnadI tathA paura nAmaka nagara kA bhI ullekha kavi ne kiyA hai| isake bAda gaMdhamAdana veNula parvata se dvArakA pahuMcane kA anurodha kiyA gyaa| nemikumAra rAjImatI kA anurodha svIkAra nahIM krte| taba sakhI rAjImatI kI virahAvasthA kA karuNa citra prastuta karake nemikumAra ko lauTAne kA prayAsa karatI hai| aMta meM nemikumAra dayAbhAva se rAjImatI ko dharmopadeza dete haiN| rAjImatI bhI sAdhvI bana jAtI hai / vRddha brAhmaNa ke dUtarUpa meM preSita karane se saMbhavataH isa kRti kA nAma nemidUta rakhA gayA ho| DaoN0 phatehasiMha ke matAnusAra nemI ne rAjImatI ko patnI rUpa meM bhale hI grahaNa na kiyA ho para use AnaMdapatha kI saMginI ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane kA nizcaya avazya kiyA thaa| sacamuca yaha dUtakarma bar3A vicitra rhaa| saMbhavataH isIlie premI jI ne isakA nAma nemicarita rakhA hogaa| samIkSA kavi ne sakhI ke dvArA rAjImatI ke viraha vedanA kI mAnasika avasthA kA citraNa, nAyikA ke zIla aura lajjA kA suMdara DhaMga se rakSaNa karate hue karavAyA hai| patiparAyaNA sAdhvI rAjImatI ne apane vaktavya dvArA kabhI bhI apane ArAdhya ke samIpa maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM kiyA hai| kAvya meM vipralaMbha zrRMgAra aura zAMtarasa kA adbhuta saMgama huA hai| rAjImatI ke viraha se kAvya AraMbha hotA hai aura zAMtarasa kI mokSa saukhya kI prApti meM kAvya kA aMta hotA hai| isalie kAvya viraha-sukhAMta hai| kumArasaMbhava ke nAyaka kI taraha neminAtha yogAsakta hokara parvata zikhara para baiThe haiM, aura nAyikA unakI abhilASA se viyogavyathita hokara, sammukha khaDI hokara prema kI yAcanA karatI hai| vaha kartavya kA nAyaka ko dhyAna dilAtI hai| sauMdarya, vaibhava va AkarSaNa kA varNana karatI hai| aMta meM pArvatI ke samAna nirAza hokara sakhI ke mukha se apanI pavitra prema viraha vedanA ko sajIvatA se kahalAtI hai| rAjImatI ko svapna meM bhI priyamilana nahIM huA hai| kavi ne rAjImatI kI viraha vedanA aura karuNadazA kA citraNa 80 se 121 padyoM meM kiyA 86. sAhitya aura sauMdarya, saMskRtisadana koTA, le0 DaoN0 phatehasiMha, pR0 66

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saMskRta-jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 67 hai| bhAva va bhASA kI dRSTi se ye 32 padya sarasa citraNa karate hue likhe hai-yathA antabhinnA manasijazarairmIlitAkSaM muhUrta __ labdhvA saMjJAmiyamatha dazA vIkSamANAtidInA / zayyotsaMge navakizalayana stare zarma lebhe sAmranhIva sthalakamalino na prabuddhA na suptA // 30 isa taraha se vipralaMbha zRMgAra rasa kI abhivyakti sarasa bana paDI hai| zAMtarasa ke paryavasAna hone para bhI zRMgArapUrNa aneka bhAvacitra isa kRti meM mila jAte haiN| dvArikA kI ramaNiyAM meghadUta kI alakA kI ramaNiyoM kI taraha mugdha dikhAI detI haiN| kavi kI racanA meM kahIM bhI kRtrimatA nahI dikhAI detI / bhASA prasAdaguNa yukta hai aura kAvya meM sarvatra pravAha milatA hai| jisa prakAra meghadUta kA yaza preyasI ke sparza se AI huI vastu meM preyasI ke sparza sukha kA lAbha karatA hai usI taraha rAjImatI bhI neminAtha ke sparza se AI huI vAyU meM sparza sukha kA AnaMda lAbha karatI hai (padya 115 meM): zAMtarasa pradhAna hote hue bhI virahabhAvanA kA sAMgopAMga citraNa sajIvatA va sarasatA ke sAtha varNita hai| zrI devendramuni jI zAstrI ke kathanAnusAra vaidika sAhitya meM jaisA sthAna rAdhA aura zrIkRSNa kA hai vaisA hI sthAna jaina sAhitya meM rAjImati aura ariSTanemi kA hai| rAjImatI deha kI nahIM, dehI kI upAsanA karanA cAhatI hai| isIlie ariSTanemi kI sAdhanA kA mArga grahaNa kara vaha ariSTanemi se pUrva hI mukta ho jAtI hai / usakA prema vAsanA kA prema nahIM hai, yaha lokokti prasiddha hI hai ki "jo na hote nema rAjImati to kyA karate jaina ke yati" 191 virahiNI rAjImati giranAra parvata para rahatI thii| virakta neminAtha ko saMsArAbhimukha banAne ke lie sakhI ke sAtha apanI viraha-vyathA ko vyakta karate hue usane kahalavAyA hai, yaha vyathA draSTavya hai66. nemidUta pR0 66 61. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa eka anuzIlana : le0 deveMdramuni zAstrI, pR0 64

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya virahAnalataptA sIdati suptA 'racitanalinadalatalpatale marakatavimale / na sakhImabhinandati gurumabhivandati nindati himakaranikaraMparitApakaram karakalitakapolaM galitanicolaM nayati satataruditena nizAmanimeSadRzA manute hRdi bhAraM muktAhAraM divasanizAkaradInamukhI jIvitavimukhI // 2 isa prakAra isa kAvya meM virahiNI rAjImatI kI viraha vedanAoM kA gaMbhIra citraNa huA hai| (8) triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita-AcArya hemacandra ... zvetAMbara jaina kRSNa sAhitya paraMparA kI yaha eka ati mahattpUrNa racanA hai| isake kartA AcArya hemacandra "kalikAlasarvajJa" ke viruda se vibhUSita the| vastutaH yaha samartha kavi uccakoTi kI kAvyAtmaka pratibhA se sampanna kuzala kAvya-zilpI the| isa mahAcarita meM jainoM ke kathAnaka, itihAsa, siddhAMta va tattvajJAna kA kavi ne samAveza kiyA hai| yaha graMtha 10 poM meM vibhakta hai tathA pratyeka parva meM anekoM sarga haiN| graMtha kA zloka pramANa 36000 hai / 93 tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA carita 10 paryoM meM isa prakAra kavi ne saMyojita kiyA haiM___0 prathama parva meM RSabhadeva va bharata cakravartI / 0 dvitIya parva meM ajitanAtha va sagaracakrI / 0 tatIya parva meM saMbhavanAtha se lekara zItalanAtha taka ke 8 tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana vRtt| 0 caturtha parva meM zreyAMsanAtha se lekara dharmanAtha taka pAMca tIrthaMkara, pAMca vAsudeva, pAMca prati-vAsudeva, pAMca baladeva tathA do cakravartImaghavA va sanatkumAra isa prakAra 22 mahApuruSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 12. netidUta 6-88, jaina sAhitya no itihAsa khaMDa 2, le0 pro0 hIrAlAla 1. rasikadAsa kApaDiyA, pR0446, 63. jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA bhAvanagara

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saMskRta - jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya && 0. paMcama parva meM zAMtinAtha kA caritra jo eka hI bhava meM tIrthaMkara evaM cakravartI donoM hone se do caritra gine gae haiN| * SaSTha parva meM kunthunAtha se munisuvrata taka ke 4 tIrthaMkara, cAra cakravartI, do vAsudeva, do baladeva tathA do prativAsudeva isa prakAra 14 mahApuruSoM kA carita varNita huA hai / inameM kunthunAtha aura arahanAtha usI bhava meM cakravartI hue / ataH inakI do cakravartiyoM ke rUpa meM ginatI kI gayI hai / * saptama parva meM naminAtha, 10 veM va 11 veM cakravartI hariSeNa aura jaya tathA AThaveM baladeva, vAsudeva, prativAsudeva - rAma, lakSmaNa, rAvaNa ke carita milAkara 6 mahApuruSoM ke varNana haiM / * aSTama parva meM neminAtha tIrthakara tathA navama vAsudeva, kRSNa, baladeva balabhadra, tathA prativAsudeva jarAsaMdha ko milAkara 4 mahApuruSoM ke carita varNita haiM / * navama parva meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara, aura brahmadatta nAmaka 12 veM cakravartI ke carita varNita haiM / * dazama parva meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana vRtta jo ki 13 sargoM meM hai, graMthakAra ko prazasti bhI hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se prazasti atyaMta upayogI hai| prastuta kRti ke racanAkAra hemacaMdra ke jovana vRtta para paryApta sAmagrI upalabdha hai / prazasti ke AdhAra para jJAta hotA hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA hemacaMdra ne caulukya nRpa kumArapAla ke anurodha se kI thI / " DaoN0 bUlhara ne isakI racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1216 se 1228 mAnA hai / vi0 saM0 1226 meM hemacaMdra kA svargavAsa huA thA 195 jaina paraMparA meM mAnya 63 zalAkA puruSoM ( 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakra vartI, & vAsudeva, & baladeva, 8 prativAsudeva) ke jIvana carita isa graMtha ke pratipAdya viSaya rahe haiM / premI abhinandana graMtha ke pR0 216 meM DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla dvArA vyakta yaha dhAraNA AcArya hemacaMdra ke mUlyAMkana meM saphala sahAyaka 4. parva 10 prazasti, padya 16-20 65. hemacaMdrAcArya jIvana caritra : le, kastUramala bAMThiyA,

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100 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya siddha hotI hai ki ve madhyakAlIna sAhitya aura saMskRti ke camakate hue hIre the / (6) laghu triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita - meghavijaya upAdhyAya meghavijaya dvArA racita prastuta kRti meM hemacaMdrAcArya viracita triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita kA hI AdhAra rahA hai| isameM vizeSa rUpa se zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke caritroM ke saMkalana meM apanI pratibhA kA vizeSa paricaya diyA hai / isameM tIrthaMkara caritra, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, baladeva, bAsudeva, prativAsudevoM kA varNana bhI yathAprasaMga kavi ne kiyA hai / isakA zloka pramANa 5 hajAra hai / prastuta kRti ke lekhaka samrATa akabara ke kalyANamitra tapAgacchIya hIravijayasUri jI kI paraMparA meM hue haiM / inake racita graMthoM meM jo prazastiyAM dI gaI haiM unameM kucha kA racanAkAla diyA gayA hai, jo vi0 saM0 1706 se 1760 taka kA hai / kRtikAra ne aneka kAvyagraMtha race haiM / inatA hI maiM vivecana kara Age bar3ha rahA hUM / triSTizalAkA puruSa carita tathA mahApurANa para AdhArita kucha anya racanAoM kI nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai 1. laghu mahApurANa yA laghutriSaSTi lakSaNa mahApurANa - isake racanAkAra haiM- caMdramuni 2. triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra - racayitA vimalasUri 3. triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita racayitA - vajrasena 4. triSaSTizalAkApaMcazilA - racayitA kalyANavijaya ke ziSya 5. eka ajJAta lekhaka ne 63 gAthAoM meM triSaSTizalAkApuruSa vicAra nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai 196 (10) viSaSTizalA kApuruSa viSayaka kAvya mahApurANa - uttarapurANa ( jinasena va guNabhadraM) mahApurANa jisakA apara nAma uttarapurANa bhI hai / yaha jaina saMskRta kRSNa sAhitya paraMparA kI eka mahattvapUrNa evaM vizAla kRti hai / mahApurANa do bhAgoM meM racita hai, prathama bhAga kA nAma AdipurANa tathA dvitIya bhAga kA nAma uttarapurANa hai / 76 parvoM meM yaha saMpUrNa graMtha nirmita huA hai / 66. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga - 6, pR0 78

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saMskRta - jaina zrIkRSNa - sAhitya 101 AraMbha ke 42 parva (sarga) tathA 43 veM parva ke prAraMbhika 3 padya AcArya jinasena racita haiM / isa prakAra AcArya jinasena ne pUrvArddha kI racanA kI thI, zeSAMza uttarapurANa kI racanA guNabhadrAcArya ke dvArA pUrNa kI gayI hai / jo inhIM AcArya jinasena ke eka vidvAna paNDita siddhakavi va suyogya ziSya ratna the / uttarapurANa ke 71, 72 va 73 veM parva meM zrIkRSNa kathA kA vivecana hai / mahApurANa ke uttarArddha uttarapurANa kI racanA kI samApti vikrama saMvat 610 san 853 ke lagabhaga batAyI jAtI hai / " harivaMzapurANa aura uttarapurANa paravartI graMthakAroM ke lie AdhArabhUta graMtha rahe haiM / inhIM AdarzoM para vizeSataH digaMbara jaina vidvAnoM ne zrIkRSNa janma saMbaMdhI aneka racanAeM prastuta kI haiM / isake prathama aMza AdipurANa meM prathama tIrthaMkara prabhu RSabhadeva kA caritra varNana hai, to zeSa 23 tIrthakaroM tathA anya zalAkA puruSoM kA jIvana caritra uttarapurANa meM vivecita huA hai / yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki kRSNa varNana harivaMza purANa kI apekSA saMkSipta huA hai / isameM paraMparAgata kRSNacaritra ke pramukha prasaMgoM kA hI vivecana hai / anya ghaTanAoM kA ullekha mAtra A pAyA hai / mahApurANa ke kartA jinasena se harivaMzapurANa ke racanAkAra jinasena bhinna haiM / harivaMzapurANa ke kartA punnATaka saMghIya AcArya the / jaba ki mahApurANakAra paMcastUpAnvaya saMpradAya ke the / isa bhinnatva kI carcA DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina va DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne kI hai / 8 isI tathya kA anumodana nAthUrAma premI ne bhI kiyA hai / " jinasena ne isa kRti ko purANa aura mahAkAvya donoM nAma se kahA hai / vAstava meM yaha mahAkAvya ke bAhya lakSaNoM se yukta eka paurANika mahAkAvya hai / svayaM AcArya ne purANa va mahAkAvya kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai : jisameM kSetra, kAla, tIrtha, satpuruSa aura unakI ceSTAoM kA varNana ho vaha purANa hai aura isa prakAra ke purANoM meM loka, deza, pura, rAjya, tIrtha, dAna-tapa, gati tathA phala ina da valoM kA varNana honA cAhie | 100 purAtanaM purANaM arthAt prAcIna hone se purANa kahA jAtA hai / 67. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, le0 nAthUrAma premI, pR0 140 8. mahApurANa ( uttarapurANa) prastAvanA saM0 paM0 pannAlAla jaina, 66. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa le0 nAthUrAma premI 100 parva 1-21-25

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102 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya jisameM eka mahApuruSa kA varNana ho vaha purANa tathA jinameM tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA varNana rahatA hai vaha mahApurANa hai aura jo purANa kA artha hai vahI dharma hai| 'satvadharmaH purANArthaH' arthAt purANa meM dharma kathA kA prarUpaNa honA caahie| kRti ke 71veM parva meM balarAma, zrI kRSNa, unakI 8 rAniyoM kA evaM pradyumna Adi kA varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| (11) pANDava-purANa (bhaTTAraka vAdicandra) prastuta paurANika kAvya meM 18 sarga haiM / 10) isakI racanA saM0 1654 meM nodhaka nagara meM huI thI / inake guru prabhAcaMdra the / inake dvArA racita aneka kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM / yathA--pAvapurANa, jJAna sUryodaya nATaka, pavanadUta, zrIpAla AkhyAna (gujarAtI hiMdI), yazodhara caritra, sulocanA caritra, holikA caritra aura aMbikA kathA / isakI eka hastalikhita prati jayapura ke terahapaMthI bar3e maMdira meM upalabdha hai| (12) mahApurANa (malliSeNasUri) malliSeNasUri vibhinna viSayoM ke marmajJa paMDita tathA uccakoTi ke kavi the| inakI racanA "mahApurANa' meM kula 2000 zloka haiM, inameM 63 zalAkA puruSoM kI kathA kA saMkSipta meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakA aparanAma triSaSTi-mahApurANa yA triSaSTi zalAkA purANa bhI hai| racanA suMdara aura prasAdaguNa yukta hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla __mahApurANa kI racanA kA samaya zaka 966 vi0 saM0 1104 jyeSTha sudi paMcamI diyA gayA hai, isalie malliSaNa vikrama kI 11vIM ke aMta meM aura 12 vIM sadI ke prAraMbha ke prasiddha vidvAna haiN| malliSeNa kI guru-paraMparA isa prakAra hai| gaMganareza rAyamalla aura senApati cAmuNDarAya ke guru ajitasena ke ziSya kanakasena, kanakasena ke ziSya jinasena aura jinasena ke ziSya malliSeNa haiM / ye eka bar3e maThapati, kavi aura bar3e maMtravAdI the| dhAravADa jile ke mulaguMda meM inakA maTha thA jahA~ para yaha graMtha nirmita huA thaa| inakI anya kRtiyA~ nAgakumArakAvya, bhairava padmAvatIkalpa, sarasvatImaMtrakalpa, jvAlinIkalpa aura kAmacANDAlIkalpa haiM / ye sArI kRtiyA~ maMtravAdI racanAeM haiN|102 102. ji. ra0 ko0 pR0 243, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 388 103. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, khaNDa 6, pR0 65, le0 gulAcaMdra caudharI

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saMskRta-jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya (13) pANDava-carita (devaprabhasUri) 18 sargoM meM baddha isa kRti kA kathAnaka lokaprasiddha pANDavoM ke caritra para AdhArita hai jo jaina paraMparA ke anusAra varNita hai / sAtha hI isameM neminAtha kA carita bhI yathA-prasaMga kavi ne aMkita kiyA hai / vIrarasa pradhAna isa kAvya meM zRMgAra, adbhuta aura raudra rasoM ke sAtha zAMtarasa meM kAvya kA paryavasAna huA hai| mahAkAvyatva kI dRSTi se nagarI, parvata, vana, upavana, vasanta, grISma Adi kA varNana bhI isameM saMdara DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| varNya viSayoM ke anusAra hI sargoM ke nAmakaraNa hue haiN| prastuta kRti ke kathAnaka kA AdhAra SaSThAMgopaniSad tathA hemacaMdrAcArya cita triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita Adi graMtha haiM netA kiyA to ne svayaM kahA hai-- SaSThAMgopaniSatriSaSTicaritAnAlokyakautUhalA detat kandalayAMcakAra caritaM pANDoH sutAnAmaham / ATha hajAra zlokapramANa isa graMtha meM anuSTup chaMda kA upayoga huA hai| vasaMtatilakA, zArdUlavikrIDita, mAlinI Adi chaMdoM kA bhI prayoga kavi ne kiyA hai / anuprAsa, yamaka, vIpsA, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM kA upayoga bhI yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka dhArmika kAvya hai jisameM dAnazIlatA Adi kA varNana karate hue kavi ne saMsAra kI anityatA kA varNana kiyA hai| racayitA va racanAkAla kRti meM dI gayI prazasti ke anusAra isake racayitA maladhArIgaccha ke devaprabhasUri the| devAnaMdasUri ke anurodha para yaha graMtha racA gayA hai / 103 pAMDava carita ke saMpAdakoM ne isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1270 mAnA hai / 104 (14) harivaMza purANa (bhaTTAraka sakalakoti) prastuta kRti ke racanAkAra bhaTTAraka sakalakIti haiN| jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa ke kathAnaka para AdhArita isa kRti meM 40 sarga haiN|105 isameM harivaMza kulotpanna 22veM tIrthakara neminAtha, zrIkRSNa tathA kaurava va pANDavoM 103 pANDavacarita prazasti, padya, 8-6 104 . jaina sAhitya no sakSipta itihAsa : mo0 da0 desAI 105. ji0 ra0 ko0 pR0 4:0, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : byaktitva aura kRtitva pR0 26

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jainaparaMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA varNana hai| isake prAraMbha ke 14 sargoM kI racanA bhaTTAraka sakalakIti dvArA va zeSa sargoM kI racanA inhIM ke ziSya brahma jinadAsa dvArA kI gayI hai| inake samaya ko lekara vidvAnoM meM bhinna-bhinna mata dikhalAI dete haiM / DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla ke matAnusAra inakA janma vi0 saM0 1443 aura svargavAsa 1466 meM haA tathA DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina ke anusAra 1418 meM janma evaM 1466 meM svargavAsa huA hai| DaoN0 mo0 vinTaranitsa dvArA nirdhArita svargavAsa kA samaya saM0 1521 kA ThIka nahIM hai aura na DaoN0 joharApurakara dvArA nirdhArita kAla saM0 1450 bhI ucita baiThatA hai|106 ye DUMgarapara (IMDara) paTTa ke saMsthApaka tathA bAgaDa (sAgavADA) vaDasAjana paTTa ke bhI saMsthApaka the| inake dvArA 34 graMtha jinameM 28 saMskRta bhASA meM tathA 6 rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita haiN| (15) pANDavapurANa (zubhacaMdra) isa paurANika kAvya ke 25 parva haiM jinakI zloka saMkhyA 6000 hai| isameM pANDavoM kI rocaka kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa gratha ko jaina mahAbhArata bhI kahate haiM / parvo kI racanA anuSTupa chaMdoM meM huI hai tathA panti meM chaMdaparivartana kiyA gayA hai| parva kA prAraMbha tIrthaMkara stuti se hai jo kramazaH RSabhadeva se lekara pArzva taka calatI hai| gratha ke kartA bhaTTAraka zubhacaMdra haiM jo bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti ke ziSya tathA jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya the| inake ziSya zrIpAla varNI the| inakI sahAyatA se bhaTTAraka zubhacaMdra ne vAgvara(vAgaDa)prAMta ke aMtargata (sAgavADA) nagara meM vi0 saM0 1608 bhAdrapada dvitIyA ke dina isa gratha kI racanA kI hai / paccIsaveM parva meM jo kavi-prazasti dI gayI hai usase inakI guru paraMparA kA tathA inake dvArA racita 25, 26 graMthoM kI sUcI kA paricaya upalabdha hotA hai|107 ye eka bar3e vidvAna va pratibhAsaMpanna the, inake lie trividhavidyAdhara (zabdAgama, yuktyAgama aura paramAgama ke jJAtA)aura SabhASA kavi cakravartI 106. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva aura kRtitva, pR0 1-21; jaina saMdeza ___ zodhAMka 16, pR0 181 tathA 188 tathA 208-206 107. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 383-84

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saMskRta - jaina zrIkRSNa - sAhitya ye upAdhiyA~ lagAyI jAtI thI / bha0 zrIbhUSaNa kA pANDava purANa saM0 1657 kA hai / inhIM kA likhA huA eka harivaMza purANa bhI milatA hai jisakA racanAkAla saM0 1677 haiM 108 (16) pANDava purANa :anya racanAyeM "pANDava purANa" isa nAma kI kaI racanAe~ upalabdha haiM / inake racanAkAra bhI bhinna-bhinna haiM / isakI sUcI isa prakAra hai - pANDavacaritra isakA aparanAma harivaMza purANa bhI hai / satyavijaya graMthamAlA ahamAbAda se prakAzita hai / naM0 2 pANDavapurANa - kavi rAmacaMdra saM0 1560 se pUrva / naM 0 3 harivaMzapurANa - dharmakIrti bhaTTAraka saM0 1671 / naM04 harivaMzapurANazrutakIrti / naM0 5 harivaMzapurANa - jayasAgara naM0 6 harivaMzapurANa - jayAnaMda / 7 harivaMzapurANa - maMgarasa / ina saba ke lekhaka va racanAkAla ajJAta haiM / laghupANDava caritra ke lekhaka bhI ajJAta haiM 1109 jaina saMskRta sAhitya kA eka anuzIlanAtmaka adhyayana saMskRta sAhitya vizvabhara meM apanI samRddhi ke lie ananyatama sthAna rakhatA hai - yaha eka nirvivAda tathya hai / jIvana aura jagata kA vyApaka citra prastuta karane vAlA yaha saMskRta sAhitya na kevala bibhinna dizA meM bodha pradAna karatA hai varan yaha kAvya sauMdarya se bhI saMpanna hai / sarasatA saMskRta sAhitya kI eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai / saMskRta sAhitya kI isa vyApaka vizAlatA aura samRddhi meM jaina kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM kA yogadAna bhI ati mahatvapUrNa hai / 105 kAvya camatkAra, sauMdarya sRSTi, rasAnubhUti Adi kisI bhI dRSTi se jaina kRSNa saMskRta sAhitya kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai / sAMskRtika evaM naitika AdarzoM kI sthApanA aura unake vikAsa meM isa sAhitya kA jo garimApUrNa yogadAna rahA hai vaha zlAghanIya hai / aise aneka caritroM kI avatAraNA jaina saMskRta zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM huI haiM jo na kevala prabhAvazAlI Adarzamaya haiM apitu jo svastha samAja - racanA aura vyakti kalyANa ke lie hitakara evaM anukaraNIya haiM / sAmAnyataH jaina saMskRta zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM jIvana ke sarasa Amodapramoda evaM sukhavaibhava ke citraNa ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana mUlyoM kI vyAkhyA bhI 108 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, le0 nAthUrAma premI pR0 383-84 106. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, pR0 55

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106 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya prastuta kI gaI hai| isa prakAra jIvana ko pravRtti kI ora se nivRtti kI ora unmukha karane kA jo saphala aura prabhAvapUrNa prayatna kiyA gayA hai usase mAnava kalyANa ke kSetra meM eka navIna sthApatya kA sUtrapAta huA hai| saMskRta vAGa maya meM yaha eka nayA AyAma rahA hai| jaina kRSNa kAvya kI kRtiyoM kA saba se mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki isa sAhitya meM bhogavAda ke Upara zramaNa paraMparA ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| karmavAda kI mahattA, pUrvajanma kI vyAkhyA, AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vibhinna rUpa, dhArmika kriyAoM ke phalitArtha Adi bhI ina kAvyoM kI mala saMvedanAeM haiN| bhoga ke bAda kI virakti kA yuga jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai / yaha saMskRta sAhitya ke lie eka anUThI vastu hai| parama vaibhavazAlI parAkramI rAjA, mahArAjA, mAMDalika, cakravartI, vidyAdhara Adi to asIma sukhopabhoga meM nimagna haiM, sAMsArika viSaya vAsanAoM se grasta haiM, vaibhava evaM vilAsa kI madirA se unmata haiM / aise vyakti kabhI kisI choTe se nimitta ko pAkara virakta ho jAte haiN| unakI manovRtti sarvathA parivartita ho jAtI hai| ve saba kucha tyAga kara vana ko prasthAna karate haiN| muni jIvana svIkAra kara ve Atma-kalyANa kI sAdhanA meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM / vyakti kA yaha utthAnAtmaka parivartana aura isa parivartana kI preraNA saMskRta sAhitya ke lie eka bhUlyavAna vastu rahI hai| jaina saMskRta kRSNa kAvya ko dena nizcaya hI apanI maulika avadhAraNAoM ke mAdhyama se jaina saMskRta kRSNa paraMparA kI kRtiyoM ne saMskRta sAhitya meM apanA anUThA sthAna hI nahIM banAyA varan samasta saMskRta vAGmaya ko navInatAe~ bhI pradAna kI hai| isakI zrIvaddhi kI hai| isako samaddha banAyA hai| isa tathya ko sarvathA asaMdigdha hI mAnA jAnA cAhie ki saMskRta jaina kRSNa sAhitya ke adhyayana ke binA saMskRta sAhitya kA adhyayana paripUrNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| caritra-kAvya kI dRSTi se jaina saMskRta sAhitya bar3A saMpanna svarUpa rakhatA hai / samagra saMskRta sAhitya meM carita-kAvya ke praNetAoM meM jaina racanAkAra hI adhika haiM aura inake dvArA racita carita-kAvya ho apekSAkRta adhika haiN| jaina saMskRta caritra-kAvya kavitva kI daSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| isa dRSTi se kavi vIranaMdi racita "caMdraprabhacarita" ullekhanIya hai, jo bhAva-tAralya aura zIla nirUpaNa meM kAlidAsa kRta "raghuvaMza' ke samakakSa

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saMskRta-jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya .. 107 mAnA jAtA hai| zIla, zaurya evaM aizvarya kA jitanA vyApaka citraNa caMdraprabha carita meM huA hai utanA raghuvaMza meM nahIM / iMdumati ke svayaMvara prasaMga ke udAtta varNana meM avazya hI raghavaMza caMdraprabha carita se Age bar3ha gayA hai kiMtu zrI varmA aura ajitasena kI digvijaya yAtrA ke prasaMga meM to vaha pIche hI raha gayA isI prakAra mahAkavi asaga dvArA racita "vadhamAnacarita", vAgbhaTa kRta "neminirvANa" Adi kAvya "kirAta" ke samAna hI kAvyasauMdarya-saMpanna haiM / artha-gAMbhIrya avazya hI kirAta meM bar3hA car3hA hai kiMtu ukta donoM kAvya prakRti-citraNa, zRMgAra varNana, padalAlitya, kalpanA pravaNatA, aura samAsazailI ke sauSThava meM to kirAta se adhika hI Thaharate haiN| "kavi harizcaMdra'' ke dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI tulanA zizupAla vadha se bhI kI jA sakatI hai| kalAtmakatA meM to dharmazarmAbhyudaya apekSAkRta zizapAlavadha se kucha Age hI hai| donoM hI kAvya kalpanA, udAttatA, zabda-sauMdarya, alaMkAra chaTA Adi vizeSatAoM meM paraspara samakakSa haiN| pada-vinyAsa, zailI kI gaMbhIratA, bhAvoM kI maulikatA Adi bhI donoM kAvyoM meM samastarIya rahI hai| zizupAla vadha ko mAgha ne pAribhASika zabdAvalI se kahIM-kahIM jaTila banA diyA hai kiMtu dharmazarmAbhyUdaya meM aisI sthiti kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM detI hai| isa kAvya kA 19vAM sarga to citrakAvya kA anUThA udAharaNa hI hai| anuprAsa yojanA meM kavi harizcaMdra aura mAgha eka se pratIta hote haiN| vastupAla kRta (naranArAyaNAnaMda) bhI eka suMdara kRSNa-carita kAvya hai| isakI tulanA kAvya-sauSThava meM to zizupAla vadha ke sAtha nahIM kI jA sakatI kiMtu bhAva pakSa kI dRSTi se vastupAla bhI mAgha ke samIpa hI haiN| apane gAMbhIrya se (naranArAyaNAnaMda) kAvya sahRdaya pAThakoM ko AkRSTa kara raghuvaMza jaisA prabhAva aMkita karane ko kSamatA rakhatA hai| isameM bhAravi ke samAna nAda-sauMdarya nihita hai / kalApakSa kI dRSTi se vastupAla aura bhAravi paraspara tulanIya haiN| "naiSadhakAvya" kI koTi kI racanA jaina kaviyoM dvArA saMbhava nahIM ho pAyI hai / yadyapi munibhadra ne saMkalpa kiyA thA ki ve mAgha aura naiSadha se bhI zreSTha kAvya kI racanA kreNge| kiMtu (zAMtinAtha carita) meM unakA yaha saMkalpa pUrA nahI ho paayaa| tathApi prastuta kAvya aneka dRSTiyoM se mUlyavAna bhI hai| isameM prAsAdikatA, praur3ha gaMbhIra bhASA, bhAva taralatA Adi vizeSatAe~

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108 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya ullekhanIya rahI hai / kavi ko pANDitya pradarzana kI pravRtti kA bhI saMketa nahIM milatA hai / ati vistRta kathAnaka hote hue bhI kahIM kisI prakAra kA zaithilya yA vizRMkhalatA nahIM dikhAyI detI hai| prabaMdha kauzala meM niHsandeha munibhadra mAgha aura bhAravi se pIche nahIM hai / kalA ke kSetra meM avazya hI ve kucha nyUna kahe jA sakate haiN| hAM, jinapAlopAdhyAya racita sanatkumAra caritra carita mahAkAvya paripUrNa rUpa se avazya hI naiSadha kI koTi kA hai / jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke aMtargata jainakumAra saMbhava kI bhI racanA huI hai / isa kRti kI racanA kAlidAsa viracita kumArasaMbhava kI pratispardhA meM hI huI hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai / prastuta racanA meM zRMgAra rasa kI yojanA to utanI zreSTha nahIM milatI jitanI kAlidAsa kI hai, kiMtu kAlidAsa ke kArtikeya janma vRttAMta jaisA hI varNana prastuta racanA meM bharata janma kI kathA meM hai / mAdhurya, prAsAdikatA, lAlitya, arthasauSThava evaM alaMkAra yojanA meM donoM racanAe~ biMba pratibiMba sI haiM / jaina kumAra-saMbhava bhI sarasa upamAoM ke lie vikhyAta graMtha hai / azlIlatva kI anupasthiti meM ye upamAyeM apekSAkRta adhika uttama lagatI haiM / kAlidAsa ne zivavivAha kA jaisA cittAkarSaka evaM mArmika citraNa kiyA hai vaisA hI varNana jaina kumAra saMbhava meM RSabhadeva vivAha kA huA hai| buddha carita aura sauMdarAnaMda kI samakakSatA jaina graMtha caMdraprabha carita, pArzvanAtha carita Adi kAvyoM se kI jAtI hai / saMskRta kAvyoM (ukta ) kI apekSA ina jaina saMskRta kAvyoM meM manuSya kI hRdaya parivartanazIlatA kA atyadhika mArmika citraNa huA hai / sAMsArika anubhavoM kI abhivyakti bhI adhika kuzalatA ke sAtha huI hai / sAhasikatA ke citraNa meM pradyumna carita sauMdarAnaMda se adhika pravAhapUrNa racanA hai / pAtroM kI sajIvatA, pArivArika kalaha, sapatnI Adi ke citraNa hetu yaha racanA saMskRta jaina kRSNa viSayaka caritra kAvya kI dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM aitihAsika kAvyoM kI racanA bhI zreSThatA ke sAtha huI hai| udAharaNArtha nayacaMdrasUrikRta hammIra mahAkAvya saMskRta ke vikhyAta aitihAsika kAvya vilhaNa kRta vikramAMkadeva carita ke samakakSa hai / hammIra mahAkAvya meM varNita ghaTanAe~ itihAsa kI dRSTi se kharI utarane vAlI prAmANika ghaTanAe~ haiM / isa mahAkAvya meM kAlidAsa jaisA bhAva, tathya, naiSadha jaisA artha - gaurava evaM bhASA - sauSThava meM yaha racanA rAjaraMgiNI ke samakakSa hai /

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saMskRta-jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 106 saMdhAna-kAvyoM kI racanA dvArA bhI jaina kAvyakAroM ne saMskRta sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi kI hai / isa koTi kI kAvya-paraMparA kA Adi graMtha dhanaMjaya kRta dvisaMdhAna eka jaina kRSNa saMskRta kAvya kRti hai| isa paraMparA meM isase bhI pUrva racita daNDi kRta dvisaMdhAna kI carcA to kI jAtI hai| bhojakRta zrRMgAraprakAza meM bhI usakA ullekha hai, kiMtu yaha kRti upalabdha nahIM hai| ataH mere mata se saMdhAna kAvya-paraMparA kA udaya dhanaMjaya praNIta dvisaMdhAna se kiyA jAnA adhika samIcIna hogaa| isa paraMparA meM anya pramukha racanAe~ haiM vidyAmAdhava kRta pArvatI zaivamapIya (vi0 saM0 1183), kavirAja kRta rAghava pANDavIya (vi0 saM0 1230), somezvara dvArA racita rAghavayAdavIya aadi| rAghavayAdavIya dvisaMdhAnaracanA katipaya anya kaviyoM dvArA bhI gaI hai| jaise- veMkeTazvarI (14vIM zatAbdI), raghunAthAcArya zrI vigasAcArya, vAsadeva digaMbara anantAcArya Adi / ye dvisaMdhAna kAvya nizcaya hI dhanaMjaya kRta rAghavapANDavIya kI paravartI kRtiyA~ haiN| rAghavapANDavIya kAvya meM zrI rAma aura pANDavoM kI kathA eka sAtha eka hI kAvya meM vaNita kI gayI hai / zlokoM ke do-do artha prakaTa hote haiN| eka rAma kathA ke saMbaMdha meM evaM dUsarA pANDava kathA ke saMbaMdha meM hai| isI prakAra rAghavayAdavIya meM zrI rAma aura zrI kRSNa carita kA samAnAntara rUpa meM varNana hai / AdyopAMta aisI artha-nirvAha-vyavasthA kavi ke bar3he-car3he kAvyakauzala kA paricaya detI hai| hama ise jaina saMskRta saMdhAna kRSNa kAvya ke aMtargata parigaNita karate haiN| AcArya hemacaMdra ne to saptasaMdhAna kI racanA kI thii| isameM sAta-sAta mahApuruSoM ke jIvana carita kA varNana eka hI kAvya meM prAyaH eka hI zloka ke prayoga se kiyA gayA thaa| yaha adbhuta kAvya graMtha naSTa ho gyaa| kAlAMtara meM meghavijaya gaNi ne puna: saptasandhAna kAvya kI racanA kii| kucha paMcasaMdhAna kAvya bhI jaina kaviyoM ne race haiN| ___ saMskRta sAhitya meM saMdeza kAvyoM kI eka samRddha paraMparA rahI hai -meghadUta zreSTha saMskRta saMdeza kAvya hai, jisameM bAhya prakRti varNana ke sAtha-sAtha AMtarika bhAvoM kA marmasparzI citraNa huA hai| meghadUta kI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM racA gayA pAzrvAbhyudaya apane DhaMga kA anUThA jaina saMskRta kAvya hai| jaina kaviyoM ne dUta athavA saMdeza kAvyoM ke svarUpa meM eka nayA raMga jor3ane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| ina kAvyoM meM zAMta rasa kA prAdhAnya rahA hai aura jaina siddhAMtoM, tattvoM aura AdarzoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se

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1.1,0. nemidUta (jainakAvya) vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / niHsaMdeha jaina saMskRta sAhitya sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahAna hai| usakA vaibhava prAcurya bhI dhyAtavya hai / usakA sauMdarya tathA sauSThava bhI ullekhanIya hai / saMskRta sAhitya ke isa vyApaka paTa para jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita saMskRta kRSNa kAvyoM ko bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / yaha eka yathArtha tathya hai ki saMskRta ko jo pracura garimA prApta huI hai usameM jaina saMskRta kRSNa sAhitya kA yogadAna bhI ati mahatvapUrNa rahA hai| yahAM yaha smaraNIya hai ki jainetara kRSNa kAvya meM udho ko saMdeza dekara gopiyoM ke pAsa kRSNa ne bhejA thA aura gopiyoM ne bhI bhRMga ko lakSita karate hue kRSNa aura udho para phabtiyAM kasI haiM, para isa prakAra kA koI prayatna saMskRta jaina kRSNa kAvya meM upalabdha nahIM huA hai / usakA kAraNa jaina tatvajJAna aura vItarAgI dRSTi bhI ho sakatI hai / jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya maiMne isa adhyAya meM saMskRta ke karIba-karIba jaina kRSNa kAvyoM kI solaha kRtiyoM kA anuzIlana kiyA hai / jo tathya aura niSkarSa hAtha Aye haiM unakA aba maiM yahAM para vivecana kara rahA hU~ / niSkarSa evaM tathya ( 1 ) isa adhyAya meM carita mahAkAvya ke aMtargata pradyumna carita, neminirvANa kAvyam ye do mahAkAvya caritra, mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM mere adhyayana meM aae| (2) naranArAyaNAnanda mahAkAvya meM arjuna aura zrIkRSNa ina do mitroM kI maitrI, AnaMda aura ullAsa kA varNya viSaya hokara bar3I sarasa kRti prastuta kI gaI hai / yahI ina donoM ke caritra kA Alekha AyAma bhI banA hai / ( 3 ) saptasandhAna kAvya meM sAta mahApuruSoM kA caritra saMkSipta rUpa se sAta sargoM meM vivecita kiyA hai| isake bAda eka dvisaMdhAna nAma kA rAghava aura pANDavoM kI kathA ko eka sAtha prastuta karanevAlA kAvya mere anuzIlana kA viSaya banA / pUre caritroM ko na lekara zrIrAma aura zrIkRSNa kI pramukha jIvana ghaTanAoM ko jaina dRSTi se lekara inakA vivecana sAmane AyA hai / (4) purANasArasaMgraha, harivaMzapurANa ye choTI kRtiyA~ haiM, para zrIkRSNa caritra aura ariSTanemI kA saMbaMdha dUsarI kRti meM jaina dRSTi se adhika spaSTa ho gayA hai /

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111 saMskRya-jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya (5) nemidUta yaha avazya eka ullekhanIya sarasa kAvyakRti hai / carita nAyaka neminAtha aura nAyikA rAjImatI haiN| yaha viraha pradhAna karuNa kAvya hone para bhI vItarAga rasa kI nirmitI isakA prAmukhyatA se uddezya jAna par3atA hai / jaina saMskRta kAvyoM meM isakA anyatama sthAna hai| (6) trizaSTizalAkA puruSoM ke carita ko lekara katipaya choTI-bar3I kRtiyA~ bhI jaina saMskRta kaviyoM ke kAvya-sRSTi kA viSaya banI haiM jo jaina tatvajJAna kI pAraMparikatA ko spaSTa karane meM sahAyaka ho sakatI haiN| inameM paurANikatA bhI vidyamAna hai / eka hI kRti ke do bhAga do purANoM ke nAma se sajita haiN| isakI bhI eka paraMparA calI hai aura kaI pANDavapurANa bhI likhe gaye haiM / kAvya kI dRSTi se kahIM sarasa aura kahIM manorama bana gaye haiN| (7) zrIkRSNa aura pANDava, zrIkRSNa aura neminAtha inakA ApasI saMbaMdha mahAbhArata aura jaina purANoM ke anusAra jor3akara ye kRtiyA~ jaina lekhakoM ne racI haiN| ina saba kA yathA-yogya adhyayana yathAsthAna maiMne kara diyA hai / purAne saMskRta kAvyoM ke kRtikAroM ke sAtha jaina zrIkRSNa saMskRta kRnikAroM kI yaha spardhA kAvya ke kSetra kI eka zreSTha spardhA mAnI jAya aisI merI vinamra praNati hai| aba taka kI sArI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para tathA apabhraMza kI jaina kRSNa kathA ko lekara chaThe adhyAya meM sArI kathA kA anuzIlana kruuNgaa| agalA adhyAya mere adhyayana kA apabhraMza jaina kRSNa sAhitya hogaa|

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5 apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa - sAhitya bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se jo apabhraMza kA utkarSa - kAla samajhA jAtA hai vahI jaina kRSNa kAvya kA madhyAnha kAla hai / isI kAlakhaNDa meM paurANika aura kAvya sAhitya kI aneka kRSNa-viSayaka racanAe~ sarjita huI haiM / viSaya va zailI kI dRSTi se jaina apabhraMza zrIkRSNa sAhitya para saMskRta aura prAkRta paraMparA kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai / yaha satya hai ki ye apabhraMza kAvya racanAe~ prAyaH aprakAzita haiM / inakA upalabdha honA bhI kaThina hai / phira bhI yaha zrIkRSNa sAhitya kAvyaguNoM se vaMcita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 1 apabhraMza meM navamIM zatAbdI ke pUrva koI kRti upalabdha nahIM hai / dasavIM zatAbdI taka svalpa saMkhyA meM hI kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM / apabhraMza kI lAkSaNika sAhityika ekAdha kRti yadi mila bhI jAe to vaha uttarakAlIna hai / apabhraMza kA bacA huA sAhitya vizeSa rUpa se dhArmika sAhitya hone se kevala dhArmika jaina - sAhitya ke aMtargata hI AtA hai / vaise jo kucha bhI apabhraMza - sAhitya bacA hai vaha bhI alpa prakAzita hai aura anya bhaNDAroM meM hastalikhita pratiyoM ke rUpa meM hone se sarvasulabha nahIM hai / saMskRta evaM prAkRta meM paurANika aura kAvya sAhitya kI aneka kRSNa viSayaka kathAoM kI racanAe~ milatI haiM / inameM harivaMza viSNupurANa tathA bhAgavata purANa kI kRSNa kathAeM hI tatkAlIna apabhraMza sAhitya racanAoM kA mUlasrota rahI haiM / apabhraMza sAhitya meM bhI kRSNa viSayaka racanAoM kI dIrghaM va vyApaka paraMparAoM kA rahanA sahaja thA / paraMtu jina paristhitiyoM kA hama varNana kara Ae haiM unake kAraNa apabhraMza kA eka bhI zuddha kRSNakAvya upalabdha nahIM hotA / jainetara kRSNakAvya bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA / jaina kRSNa kathA meM bhI mukhya-mukhya prasaMga unake krama evaM pAtra ke svarUpa Adi

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apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 113 dIrghakAlIna paraMparA se niyata the| jahAM taka kathAnaka kA saMbaMdha hai, vahAM jaina zrIkRSNa kathA kI vibhinna katiyo meM parivartana ke lie kama gaMjAiza rahatI thI / tapazIloM ke viSaya meM kAryoM kI pravRtti, nirmitoM ke viSaya meM aura nirUpaNa kI kathA ke viSaya meM eka kati aura dUsarI kati ke bIca pracura mAtrA meM antara pAyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta digambara aura zvetAzbara jaina paraMparA ke kRSNa caritroM kI bhI apanI-apanI vizeSatAeM rahatI haiN| isalie unake rUpAntara ke anusaraNa karane meM bhI kucha bhinnatva milatA hai, viSayoM ko saMpradAyAnukUla banAne ke lie mUla kathAnaka ko lekara koI sarvamAnya praNAlI inake sAmane nahIM thI, isalie jaina racanAkAroM ne apane-apane svataMtra mArga apanAeM haiN| jaina kRSNa caritra ke anusAra kRSNa na to divya puruSa the, na Izvara ke avatAra / ve to eka asAmAnya zaktizAlI vIra puruSa evaM samrATa the| jaina purANa kathA ke anusAra tirasaTha mahApuruSa yA zalAkApuruSa ho gae haiN| isake sAtha tIrthaMkara cakravartI, vAsudeva, baladeva aura prati vAsudeva kI saMkhyAoM kA samAveza hotA hai| __ jaina kRSNa kAvya meM eka naI tripuTi milatI hai jo kRSNa, balarAma aura jarAsaMdha kI hai| digambara paraMparA meM catuHpaMcAzata mahApuruSoM kI paraMparA thii| aisI kRti ko mahApurANa kahA jAtA hai| isake do bhAga haiM, eka kA nAma-Adi purANa aura dUsare kA nAma uttara purANa hai| Adi purANa meM prathama tIrthaMkara va prathama cakravartI aura uttara purANa meM zeSa mahApuruSoM ke caritra vivecita kie gaye haiN| 63 mahApuruSoM ke caritroM ko grathita karanevAlI paraMparA meM racanAoM ke nAma triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra yA triSaSTi mahApuruSa caritra kahA jAtA hai| jaba inameM nava prativAsudevoM kI ginatI nahIM kI jAtI thI taba aisI racanA ko "catuSpaMcAzata mahApuruSa caritra'' hI kahate the| isake alAvA kisI eka tIrthaMkara, vAsudeva, aura cakravartI ko lekara bhI kRtiyAM racI jAtI rahI haiM / inako purANa bhI kahA jAtA hai, kRSNa vAsudeva kA caritra tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi ke sAtha saMlagna hai / aisI racanAoM ke nAma harivaMza parANa yA ariSTanemi purANa bhI pAyA jAtA hai|

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114 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya jaina apabhraza sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa sodAharaNa : __ bhAratIya vAGamaya ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza sAhitya kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| hamAre samasta sAhityika gaurava-bhavana ke AdhArabhUta stambhoM meM apabhraMza ko svIkAranA bhI sabhI dRSTiyoM se samIcIna pratIta hotA hai / apabhraMza kA ullekha hamAre itihAsa ke atiprAcIna yuga se milatA hai| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM apabhraMza kA sarvaprathama ullekha prApta hotA hai jo IsA se do zatAbdI pUrva kI racanA hai, kiMtu yaha bhI satya hai ki apabhraMza sAhitya kI racanA IsA ko AThavIM zatAbdI se hI sajita hone lagI thii| isase pUrva isa bhASA ko ravanA kahoM bho dRSTigata nahIM hotI / apabhraMza kA Adi kavi svayaMbhU mAnA jAtA hai| apabhraMza sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM milatA hai aura yaha bhI eka satya hai ki isako vipulatA kA sarvAdhika zreya jaina kaviyoM ko diyA jAtA hai| isa samaya upalabdha apabhraMza sAhitya kA sarvekSaNa kiyA jAe to yaha niSkarSa prakaTa hotA hai ki isake tona cauthAI se bhI adhika aMza ke racayitA jaina racanAkAra hI mileNge| apabhraMza ke jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa caritra bhI ullekhanIya mAtrA meM varNita huA hai / isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya racanAe~ evaM unake racanAkAroM kA vivaraNa bhI prAsaMgika hI hogaa| svayaMbhU pUrva ke kRtikAra : ___mahAkavi svayaMbhU ke pUrva kI kRSNa viSayaka apabhraMza racanAoM ke bAre meM jo jAnakArI milatI hai vaha atyanta svalpa aura troTaka hai| isake lie AdhAra haiM--svayaMbhUkRta chandograntha svayaMbhUchanda meM die gaye kucha uddharaNa meM hameM prApta hote haiN| hemacaMdrakRta-"siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' ke apabhraMza vibhAga meM die gae tIna uddharaNa aura kucha apabhraMza kRtiyoM meM diye gaye kucha kaviyoM ke nAma-nirdeza isa prakAra haiM / svayaMbhU ke pUrvagAmiyoM meM caturmukha svayaMbhU kI hI kakSA kA samartha mahAkavi thaa| sambhavataH vaha jainetara thaa| usane eka rAmAyaNa viSayaka aura eka mahAbhArata viSayaka aise kama se kama do apabhraMza mahAkAvyoM kI racanA

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apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 115 kI hai| ise mAnane kA paryApta AdhAra hai| mahAbhArata viSayaka kaSNakAvya meM kRSNa caritra ke kucha aMza / caturmakha ke atirikta svayaMbhU kA eka aura khyAtanAma pUrvavartI thA, jisakA nAma goviMda thA / goviMda ke 6 chaMda jo die gae haiM ve kRSNa ke bAlacarita viSayaka kisI kAvya ke aMza haiN| jahAM se ve lie gae haiM, goviMda ke uddhRta chaMdoM meM isake harivaMza viSayaka yA neminAtha viSayaka kAvya meM se lie gaye jAna par3ate haiN| saMbhavataH pUre kAvya kI racanA dvibhaMgI chaMda meM kI gayI hogii| haribhadra ne isake bAda raDDA chaMda meM hI "neminAtha carita" kI racanA kI thii| svayaMbha chaMda meM goviMda se liyA gayA mattavilAsinI nAmaka mAtrA chaMda kA udAharaNa jaina paraMparA ke kRSNa bAlacaritra kA eka suprasiddha prasaMga hai| kAliya-nAga ke nivAsasthAna bane hue kAliMdI meM se kamala nikAla kara bheMTa karane kA Adeza naMda ko kaMsa ne diyA thA, isa saMdarbha kA padya isa prakAra hai ehu visamau suddha Aesu pANaMtiu mANusaho viTTho visu sappu kAliyau / kaMsu vi bhAreha dhuu kahiM gammau kAiM kiMjau // (sva-ccha-4-10-1) yaha Adeza atyaMta kaThora thA / vaha yaha ki mAnava ke lie prANa saMhAraka daSTi-viSa vAlA kAliya nAga apane viSaile phUtkAra aura viSelI daSTi se zrIkRSNa kA hanana kare / aura, dUsarA Adeza yaha ki yadi sarpa use kucha na kara pAve to dUsarI ora yaha thA (Adeza ke anAdara se) kaMsa se avazya prAptavya mRtyudaNDa-to aba vaha kahAM jAeM aura kyA kareM ? goviMda kA dUsarA padya jo mattakariNI mAtrA chaMda meM racA huA hai, rAdhA kI aura kRSNa kA premAtireka prakaTa karatA hai| hemacaMdra ke "siddhahema" meM bhI yaha uddhRta huA hai (dekho 8-4-422, 5) aura vahIM kucha aMza meM 1. Caturmukha-One of the earliest Apabhramsia-epic posts, Journal of the Oriental Institute, Baroda. -graMtha 7, aMka 3, le0 DA0 eca0 sI0 bhAyANI, 1 mArca 1658, pR0 214-24

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jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya prAcInatara pATha surakSita hai| isake atirikta "siddhahema", 8-4-420, 2 meM jo dohA uddhRta hai vaha bhI merI samajha meM bahuta kara ke goviMda ke hI usI kAvya ke aise hI saMdarbha meM rahe hue kisI chaMda kA uttarAMza hai / "svayaMbhUchaMda" meM diyA gayA goviMdakRta vaha dUsarA chaMda isa prakAra hai| aMza hemacaMdra vAle pATha se liyA gayA hai| ekkamekkau jai vi joedi hari suThU vi AareNa to vidrohi hi kahiM vi raahii| ko sakkai saMvare vi daDDha NayaNa gohe paluTA / / (sva0 ccha0 4-10-2) eka-eka gopI kI ora hari yadyapi pUre Adara se dekha he haiM tathApi unakI dRSTi vahIM jAtI hai jahAM rAdhA hotI hai : sneha se jhuke hue nayanoM kA saMvaraNa bhalA kauna kara sakatA hai ? isI bhAva se saMlagna "siddhahema" meM uddhRta dohA isa prakAra hai hari naccAviu pragaNai vimhai pADiu lou / evahiM rAha-paoharahaM jaM bhAvai taM hou / / "hari ko apane ghara ke prAMgaNa meM nacA kara rAdhA ne logoM ko vismaya meM DAla diyaa| aba to rAdhA ke payodharoM kA jo honA ho so ho|" ___"svayaMbhU chaMda" meM uddhRta bahurUpA mAtrA ke udAharaNa meM kRSNa ke viyoga meM taDapatI huI gopI kA varNana hai / padya isa prakAra hai deha pAlI thaNahaM panbhAre toDepiraNu pAliNidalu harivioasaMtAveM tttii| phalu aNNuhi pAviyau karaudaia jaM kipi ruccai // kRSNa viyoga ke saMtApa se tapta gopI unnata stana pradeza para nalinIdala tor3a kara rakhatI hai / usa mugdhA ne apanI karanI kA phala paayaa| aba deva cAheM so kreN| hemacaMdra ke "triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra" 8-5 meM kiyA gayA varNana isase tulanIya hai-gopiyoM ke gIta ke sAtha bAlakRSNa nRtya karate the aura balarAma tAla bajAte the|

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apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 117 mAno isase hI saMlagna ho aisA 'mattabAlikA mAtrA' kA udAharaNa kamala kumuANa ekka utpatti sasi to vi kumuAarahaM bei sokkhU kamalahaM divAaru / pAvijjai avasa phalu jeNa jassa pAse Thaveiu | kamala aura kumuda donoM kA prabhavasthAna ekahI hote hue bhI kumudoM ke lie caMdra evaM kamaloM ke lie sUrya sukhadAtA hai / jisane jisake pAsa dharohara rakhI ho usako usI se apane karmaphala prApta hote haiM / ina padyoM se goviMda kavi kI abhivyakti kI sahajatA kA tathA usakI prakRticitraNa aura bhAvacitraNa kI zakti kA hameM thor3A-sA paricaya mila jAtA hai / yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bAda ke bAlakRSNa kI krIDAoM ke jaina kaviyoM ke varNana meM kahIM gopiyoM ke viraha kI tathA rAdhA saMbaMdhita praNayaceSTA kI bAta nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mAtrA yA raDDA jaisA jaTila chaMda bhI dIrgha kathAtmaka vastu ke nirUpaNa ke lie kitanA sugeya evaM layabaddha ho sakatA hai, yaha bAta goviMda ne apane saphala prayogoM se siddha kii| Age cala kara haribhadra se isI kA samarthana kiyA jAegA / aura, choTI racanAoM meM to raDDA kA pracalana 15 vIM, 16 vIM zatAbdI taka rahA / raDDA chaMda kA udAharaNa yahIM para diyA jA rahA hai -2 ( sva0 ccha0, 4-9-1 ) ittau boppiNu sauNi Thika puNu dusAsaNuboppi / to hau jAu eho hari jaimaha aggaha boppi // itanA kahakara zakunI cupa raha gayA aura bAda meM duHzAsana ne yaha kahA ki mere sAmane Akara jaba bole taba jAnUM ki yahI hari hai / prastuta artha meM kucha aspaSTatA hote hue bhI itanI bAta spaSTa hai ki prasaMga kRSNa viSaya kA hai / yaha padya bhI zAyada goviMda kI jaisI hI anya koI mahAbhArata viSayaka racanA meM se liyA gayA hai / (1) mahAkavi svayaMbhUkRta riThThaNemicariu svayaMbhU nauvIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiM aura jaisA ki varNita kiyA hI jA 2. siddhahema, 8-4, 361

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jaina - paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa-sAhitya cukA hai ki ye apabhraMza bhASA ke prathama jJAta kavi haiN| isake sAtha yaha tathya bhI pramukhataH dhyAtavya hai ki yahI kavi svayaMbhU apabhraMza ke jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kI paraMparA ke bhI prathama kavi haiM / svayaMbhU eka siddha kavi the aura unakI racanAoM meM praur3hatA evaM paripakvatA ke darzana hote haiM / kavi kI racanA riThThaNemicariu ( ariSTanemicaritra) eka ullekhanIya mahAkAvya kRti kahI jA sakatI hai / yaha graMtha 4 kANDoM meM vibhAjita hai / I 1. yAdava kANDa kI 13 saMdhiyAM, 2. kuru kANDa kI 16 saMdhiyAM, 3. yuddhakANDa kI 6 saMdhiyAM, 4. uttara kANDa kI 2 saMdhiyAM / saMpUrNa graMtha meM 112 saMdhiyAM aura 1937 kar3avaka haiM / mahAkAvya kI 112 saMdhiyoM meM 66 veM saMdhiyAM haiM jo svayaMbhU dvArA racita haiM / aura zeSa kA kartatva unake putra tribhuvana aura 15vIM zatAbdI ke yazakIrti bhaTTAraka ko diyA gayA hai, kyoMki ina donoM ne ise pUrNa kiyA hai / jaina graMthoM kI yaha paraMparA bhI rahI hai ki use AraMbha eka kavi karatA hai aura zeSa aMza dUsaroM ke dvArA pUrNa kiyA jAtA hai / svayaMbhU ne jinasena aura vaidika paraMparA ke kathAnakoM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / 118 yaha smaraNa rahe ki caMda varadAI ne bhI apane putra jalhaNa se "pRthvIrAjarAso" ko pUrNa karane ke liye Adeza diyA thA / isI prakAra bhAvArtha rAmAyaNa ke marAThI lekhaka saMta ekanAtha kI kRti kA uttarakANDa aura yuddha kANDa kA kucha aMza unake ziSya gAvabA ne pUrNa kiyA thA / isa prakAra jainoM meM bhI yaha bhAratIya paraMparA milatI hai / riThThamicariU ke prathama yAdava kANDa meM zrIkRSNa caritra kA vizada varNana milatA hai / zrIkRSNa janma, bAlalIlA, zrI kRSNa ke vibhinna vivAha, pradyumma kumAra kA janma nemijanma, zAmba Adi kI kathAeM Adi vibhinna kRSNa caritra ke prasaMgo kA isa kANDa meM paryApta mahatva ke sAtha citraNa huA hai / saMdhi 4 ( kaDavaka12 ) meM kRSNa janma kA prasaMga svayaMbhU dvArA citrita hai / svayaMbhU kI pratibhA kAvyAtmaka paristhiti ko AMkane meM vizeSa jAgarUka hai / udAharaNa ke lie unake kAliyAmardana vAle prasaMga meM se kalpanA se paripUrNa varNana vaiziSTya se yukta hai, jo chaM0 14-2 meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai|

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116 apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya aise parAkASThA yukta biMboM meM kavi svayaMbhU kI kalpanAvita va pratibhA ke darzana hameM upalabdha hote haiN| pUtanA ke viSalipta stana ko do hAthoM se pakar3a kara apane muMha se lagAte hue bAlakRSNa kA rUpa dekhie| : / so thaNu dukhadhAra dhavalu hariuhayakarataremAiyau / pahilArau asurAhayaNe NaM, paMcajaNNu mahilAiyau // (svayaMbhU-chaM0 5-4 ghattA) pUtanA kA dugdhadhArA se yukta dhavalastana hari ke donoM karoM meM aisA bhAtA thA jaisA kI asurasaMhAra ke lie pahale pahala muMha se lagAyA huA pAMcajanya zaMkha / sAtha hI kAvyatva kI dRSTi se kavi ne sUktiyoM aura kahAvatoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| jaM je hau diNNau Asi taM tehau samAvaDai / ki vayaie ko dUva dhaNaNe sAlikaNisu phale NivvaDai // (sva0 ccha0 6-14 dhattA) jaisA dete ho vaisA pAte ho| kyA kodoM bone se kabhI dhAna nipaja sakatA hai ? (2) mahApurANa yA tisaTThImahApuruSaguNAlaMkAra--kavi puSpadanta yaha eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| jaina paraMparA meM mAnya 63 zalAkA puruSoM kA caritra isa mahAkAvya kA pratipAdya rahA hai / 81 se 12 taka kI saMdhiyoM meM harivaMzapUrANa kI kathA isameM padya baddha milatI hai| DA. harivaMza kochaDa ke matAnusAra isa mahAkAvya kI racanA 647 se 164 ke madhya meM haI tisaThiTha mahApuruSaguNAlaMkAra mahAkAvya ko mahApurANa ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| mahApurANa kI pracalita paddhati ke anusAra yaha racanA bhI do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai-1. AdipurANa aura 2. uttarapurANa / Adi purANa meM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA caritra aMkita hai aura uttara 3. bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kRSNakAvya, prathama khaNDa-saM0 DA0 bhagIratha mizra, pR0 162,

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120 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya purANa meM zeSa 23 tIrthaMkaroM kA / ina tIrthaMkaroM ke samakAlIna mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kA varNana bhI yathAsthAna kara diyA gayA hai| bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke prasaMga ke sAtha-sAtha zrIkRSNa kA caritra bhI prastuta huA hai| isa kRti kI 81 se 12 taka kI saMdhiyAM harivaMza ke kathAnaka ko vyApatI haiN| inameM se saMdhi 85 meM vAsudeva janma, 85 meM nArAyaNa kI bAla krIDA aura 86 meM kaMsa aura cANara ke saMhAra kA viSaya hai| 85 vIM saMdhi ke 6-10-11 kaDavakoM meM pUtanA, azva, gardabha aura yamalArjuna ke upadravoM kA vivecana hai / saMdhi 84 ke 16 kaDavakoM meM aSTamAtrika aura paMcamAtrika laghu chaMdoM kA prayoga saphalatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / jisameM laya aura dhvani zakti nirmANa karane kI vizeSatA vidyamAna hai| 16 kaDavakoM meM varSA varNana hai / 85-12 meM ariSTAsura, 85-16 meM gopa veSa varNana aura 88-5 se 15 taka kRSNa jarAsaMdha yuddha evaM 86-8 kaDavakoM meM kaMsa-kRSNa yuddha kA vivecana hai| inameM se kucha cune hue udAharaNa yahAM draSTavya haiN| navajAta kRSNa ko le jAte hae vAsudeva kAliMdI darzana kA prasaMga tA kAliMdi tehiM avaloiya maMtharavArigAmiNI / NaM sarirapu tharivi thiya mahiyali ghaNatamajoNi jaaminnii|| NArAyaNAtaraNupahapaMti viva aMjaNagirivAridakaMtI iva / mahimayaNAhiraiyarehA iva bahutaraMga jaratthadehA iva / mahiharadaMtidANarehA iva kaMsarAyajIviyamerA iva / vasuhaNilINamehamAlA iva sAma samuttAhala bAlA iva / NaM sevAlavAla dakkhAlai peNuppariyaNu NaM tahi dholi| gesyastu tou staMbaru NaM parihai cuyakusumahiM kabburu , kiNarithaNasiharaI NaM dAvai vibbhamehiM NaM saMsau paavi| phaNimaNikiraNahi NaM ujjoyai kamalacchahi NaM kaNahu ployi| bhisiNipattathAlehi suNimmala uccAiya NaM jalakaNataMdula / khalakhalaMti NaM maMgalu ghosai NaM mAhavahu pakkhu sA posi| 4. bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kRSNakAvya, pra0 khaNDa -DA. bhagIratha mizra, madhyapradeza sAhitya pariSada, bhopAla, sana 1676, pR0 164-puSpadantamahApurANa /

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121 apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya Nau kAsu vi sAmaNNahu aNNahu avaseM tUsai javaNa savaNNahu / vihi bhAihiM thakkau tIriNi jalu NaM dharaNAri vihannau kajjalu / darisiu tAi talu kiM jANahuM nnaahhuttii|| pekkhivi mahU mahaNu mayaNe NaM sari vi viguttI / / (mahApurANa, 85-2) : taba maMtharagati se bahatI huI kAliMdI unako dRSTigocara huii| mAno dharAtala para avatIrNa saritArUpadhAriNI timiraghana yaaminii| mAno kRSNa kI dehaprabhA kI dhaaraa| mAno aMjanagiri kI aabhaa| mAno dharAtala para khIMcI huI kastUrI rekhA / mAno girirUpI gajeMdra kI madarekhA / mAno kaMsarAja kI aayu:smaapti-rekhaa| mAno dharAtala para avasthita meghmaalaa| vRddhA kI trNgbhul| bAlA sI zyAmA aura muktphlvtii| vaha zaivAlabAla prazita kara rahI hai| phenakA uttarIya phaharA rahI hai| geruA jalakA, cyuta kusumoM se karburita raktAMbara pahane huI hai| kinnarIrUpI stanAgra dikhalA rahI hai| vibhramoM meM saMzayita kara rahI hai| sarpamaNi kI kiraNoM se udyota kara rahI hai| kamalanayana se kRSNa ko mAno nihAra rahI hai| vaha kamala patra ke thAla meM jala-kaNa meM akSata uchAla rahI hai| (kalakala zabda karatI maMgala gA rahI hai|) mAno kRSNa ke pakSa kI puSTi kara rahI hai| yamunA sacamuca savarNa para prasanna hotI hai, jaisoM taisoM para nhiiN| phalarUpa usakA jala do vibhAgoM meM baMTa gyaa|

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122 nimnapradeza prakaTa kiyA ? mAno dharA rUpI nArI ne kAjara lagAyA / kyA hama samajheM ki apane priyatama para anurakta ho kara usane apanA ghattA : varSAvarNana - govardhanoddharaNa madhumaMthana ko dekhakara nadI yamunA bhI madanavyAkula ho uThI / kAleM jate chajjai pattau hariyau pIyalau uvari paoharaha duvaI : diTThau iMdacAu puNu dhaNavAraNapavesi NaM jalu galai taDayaui maru calai Niru rasiu jA tAva saralacchi surathuiNa mahiharau mahivivaru parithulai taThThAi paDiyAi hiMsAla tAvasai jhalajhalai / taDi paDai / taru dhulai / bhayatasiMu / thirabhAva / jayalacchi / jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya bhuyajui / dihiyarau / phaNiNiyaru | calavalai / NaTThAi | raDiyAi / caMDAla | paravasai / AsADhAgami vAsArattau / dIsai jaNeNa taM suradhaNu / NaM Nalacchihi uppariyaNu // puNu ai paMthipahiyayabhayaho / maMgalatoraNu NahaNikeyaho || dari bharai giri phuDai jalu thalu vi tharaharai dhIreNa taNheNa vitthariu tamajaDiuM phupphuvai taruNAi kAyarai ghittAi caMDAi dariyAI sarisarai / sihi NDai | goulu vi / kira marai | vIreNa / kaNheNa / uddhariu 1 pAyaDiuM / 5. bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kRSNakAvya, pra0 khaMDa - DA0 bhagIratha mizra, pR0 167, mahApurANa 86 - 15-10 se 16-1 se 32. visu muyai | hariNAi / vaNayarai / cattAi / kaMDAi | jariyAi /

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apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 123 pattA : govaddhaNayareNa goyobhiNibhAru va joiu / giri govaddhaSau govaddhaNeNa uccAiu // 7 (mahApurANa, 86-15-10 se 12, 16, 1 se 32) "kucha samaya ke pazcAt ASADha mAsa meM barasAta A kara zobhA de rahI thii| loga harita aura pIta varNa kA suradhana dekhane lage, mAno vaha nabhalakSmI ke payodhara para rakhA huA uttarIya ho / pathikoM kA hRdaya-vidAraka isa iMdracApa koM ve bAra-bAra dekhane lge| mAno vaha ghanahastI ke praveza ke avasara para gaganagaha para lagAyA gayA maMgalatoraNa ho| jala jhalajhala nAda se gira rahA hai| saritA bahatI huI khoha ko bhara detI hai| taDataDA kara taDita paDatI hai jisase pahAr3a phUTatA hai, mayUra nAca rahA hai, taruoM ko ghumAtA pavana cala rahA hai| gokUla ke sabhI jalasthala bhayagrasta hokara tharatharAte hue cIkhane lage haiN| unako maraNabhaya se grasta dekhakara saralAkSA jayalakSmI ke liye sataSNa dhIravIra kRSNa ne suraprazasta bhajayUgala se vizAla govardhana parvata uThAyA aura logoM ko dhRti baMdhAI / govardhana ko ukhAr3a dene se aMdhakAra se bharA huA pAtAla vivara prakaTa huaa| jisameM phaNIMdroM ke samUha phukArate the, viSa ugalate the, salasalAte aura ghamarAte the / trasta hokara hirana ke zizu bhAgane lge| kAtara vanacara girakara cillAne lge| hiMsaka cANDAloM ne caMDa zara pheMka diye| paravazatAvaza loga bhaya se bhayabhIta ho utthe| gooM kA vardhana karane vAle govardhana ne rAjyalakSmI kA bhAra jaisA giri govardhana utthaayaa|" __mahAkavi puSpadaMta ko apabhraMza kA sarvazreSTha kavi hone kA gaurava prApta hai| unakI racanAoM meM jo oja, pravAha, rasa aura saundarya hai, vaha atyanta durlabha hai| bhASA para unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai aura unakA zabda bhaNDAra vizAla hai| zabdAlaMkAra tathA arthAlaMkAra donoM se unakI kavitA samRddha hai| puSpadaMta kI anya pramukha racanAeM haiMNAyakumAra cariu-nAgakumAracaritra jasahara cariu-yazodhara caritra koSa-yaha dezI bhASA kA koSagraMtha hai| 6. bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kRSNakAvya, pra0 khaMDa-DA0 bhagIratha mizra, pR0 168 ___ mahApurANa 16-1 se 32 / 7. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : nAthUrAma premI, pR0 125

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124 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya (3) neminAhacariu : haribhadra haribhadrasUri dvArA racita "neminAhacariu" raDDA chaMda meM racita tIna hajAra chaMdoM kA mahAkAvya hai / isake 22-27 veM chaMda se karIba-karIba 100 chaMdoM se Age taka kRSNa janma se kaMsa-vadha taka kI kathA AyI hai| isakA racanA kAla san 1960 hai / haribhadra puSpadaMta kI paraMparA meM Ane vAlA kavi hai, vizeSataH kRSNa kI hatyA ke lie kaMsa dvArA bheje gae vRSabha, khara, turaga, aura meSa ke cinha dar3ha rekhAoM se rekhAMkita haiN| mallayuddha ke prasaMga meM kavi kI kavitvazakti kA paricaya mila jAtA hai| yaha kRti aprakAzita hai| isalie isameM se hamane udAharaNa nahIM lie haiN| (4) harivaMza purANa : kavi dhavala jaina kRSNa kAvya kI dRSTi se dhavalakRta harivaMzapurANa kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina paraMparAnusAra hI zrIkRSNa-kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura AcArya jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa ke anusaraNa meM kathAnaka ko rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai| 122 saMdhiyoM kA yaha eka paryApta vizAla graMtha hai| isa racanA kA kAla 11 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kA mAnA jAtA hai; kyoM ki abhI taka isakA racanA samaya nizcita nahIM ho pAyA hai| isa graMtha kI bhASA meM hama purAnI hiMdI ke saMketa pAte haiM / dhavalakRta harivaMza kI 53, 54, 55 saMdhiyoM meM kRSNa janma se kaMsa vadha taka kI kathA AyI hai| kathA ke nirUpaNa aura varNanoM meM rUDhi kA anusaraNa hote hue bhI kavi ne maulikatA prakaTa kI hai| yahAM para kucha udAharaNa prastuta kie jAte haiM, jaise 53-17 meM naimittika bAlakRSNa ke guNa-lakSaNa varNita haiM10 kAsu vikhavarI upparI nettI, kAsu vi loI lkkhaarcii| kAsu vi sise liMja tharAlI kAsu vicuNNI phullddiyaalii| 8. bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kRSNa kAvya khaMDa 1, saMpAdaka DA0 bhagIratha mizra, pR0 166 6. dhavala ke harivaMza kI hastalikhita prati jayapura ke digaMbara atizayakSatra zrI. mahAvIra jI zodha saMsthAna ke saMgraha meM vidyamAna hai| prati ke pATha meM kaI azuddhiyAM haiN| 10. zodhapatrikA, varSa 26, aMka 2. 1978, saM0 DA0 devIlAla pAlIvAla va DA. deva koThArI, sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura, pR0 33

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apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa - sAhitya kAsu vi tuMgu mauDa suvisuTThau, oDhaNu vADukahami bhaMjiTThau / savvahaM sIkheM rattebaddhA, rIrIM ghaDiyakaDAkaDimuddhA // arthAt kisI ke kaMdhe para nettI (netravastra kI sADI ) thI to kisI kI "loI " ( kamalI ) lAkha jaisI raktavarNa thI, kisI ke sira para dhAradAra lije ( nIja) thI to kisI kI cunnI phUlavAlI thI / kisI kA mora UMcA aura darzanIya thA to kisI kI oDhanI aura boDa majIThI raMga kA thA / sabhI ke sira para lAla (vastrakhaMDa ) baMdhA huA thA aura ve pItala ke kar3e, Safari aura mudrikA pahane huyI thIM / 125. (5) pajjuNNa cariu ( pradyumna caritra ) yaha eka khaMDakAvya hai jisameM zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumna kumAra kA carita varNita hai / vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI meM isakI racanA kA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai / pajjuNNacariu ke racanAkAra kA nAma "siMha" milatA hai, kiMtu kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra yaha nAma "siddha" hai / isa khaMDakAvya meM 15 saMdhiyAM haiM | Arambha kI ATha saMdhiyoM meM kavi kA nAma siddha aura zeSa meM siMha vyavahRta huA hai / yaha saMbhAvanA bhI vyakta kI jAtI hai ki kadAcit siMha nAmaka kavi ne bAda meM kabhI isa racanA kA uddhAra kiyA ho / jo kucha bhI rahA ho, kavi nAma ke vivAda ke pare pajjuNNacariu eka suMdara khaMDakAvya ThaharatA hai itanI bAta satya hai / I (6) miNAyacariu : lakhama deva svataH 1 yaha lakSmaNadeva kRta neminAthacarita bhI eka khaMDakAvya hai / 22 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna neminAtha kA jIvana caritra isa kAvya kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya rahA hai / isameM prAsaMgika rUpa meM zrIkRSNa kathA ke katipaya pramukha aMza sammilita ho gae haiM / aMtaH sAkSya ke abhAva meM graMtha ke kisI nizcita racanAkAla kA patA nahIM calatA / isa khaMDakAvya kI eka aisI hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai jisakA lekhana vi0 saM0 1510 meM huA hai / isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha racanA 15 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kI ho sakatI hai / isa prabaMdha racanA ( khaMDakAvya) meM 4 saMdhiyA~ aura 83 kaDavaka haiM /

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126 (7) miNAhacariu ( riTThaNemicariu athavA harivaMza purANa) 1 11 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya raidhu kI yaha apabhraMza bhASA meM racita racanA hai / isake kavi apane samaya ke prakANDa paMDita aura prabhAvazAlI kavi the / DA0 rAjArAma jaina ne apane zodhaprabaMdha meM inake dvArA racita anya aneka kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / kavi kA apara nAma siMhasena thA / inake pitA kA nAma sAhU harisiMha, mAtA kA nAma vijayazrI, patnI kA nAma sAvitri aura putra kA nAma udayarAja thA / inakA samaya 14 vIM yA 16 vIM zatAbdI vikrama kA hai / inakA adhikAMza jIvana gvAliyara ke AsapAsa ke kSetra meM vyatIta huA / kASThAsaMgha mAthura gaccha puSkaraNIya zAkhA jo digaMbara jaina AcAryoM kA eka saMgha thA, isase ve saMbaddha the / inhoMne aneka jina mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThApanA kI thI isalie inako pratiSThAcArya bhI kahA jAtA hai / 1 raidhU likhita miNAhacariu kI eka hastalikhita prati jaina siddhAMta bhavana, ArA meM pAyI gayI hai / isakI pratilipi saMvat vikrama 1987 kI hai, yaha paraMparAgata paurANika zailI kA jaina kAvya hai aura isakA AdhAra jinasena kRta saMskRta haviraza purANa hai / kavi ne 14 saMdhiyoM aura 302 kavakoM meM isakA varNana kiyA hai| isameM harivaMza kA AraMbha yAdavoM kI utpatti, vasudeva kA carita, kRSNacarita, neminAtha carita, pradyumna carita aura pANDava caritra kA varNana hai / kAvyatattva kI dRSTi se yaha sundara tathA sarasa kRti hai / zRMgAra, vIra, raudra aura zAMtarasoM kA isameM uttama rUpa se varNana kiyA gayA hai / alaMkAroM kI dRSTi se bhI utprekSA, upamA, rUpaka, bhrAMtimAna, arthAntaranyAsa, kAvyaliMga, vyatireka, saMdeha Adi ke udAharaNa kRti meM upalabdha haiM / kavi ne pariniSThita apabhraMza bhASA meM yaha racanA kI hai / isakA prastuti kRti meM koI udAharaNa nahIM diyA gayA hai| adhika jAnakArI ke liye DA0 harivaMza kochaDa kI pustaka apabhraMza sAhitya dRSTavya hai / 12 (8) pANDavapurANa va harivaMzapurANa: yazaH kIrti yazaH kIrti 15 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke kavi haiM / jaina zrIkRSNa 11. radhu sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, le0 DA0 rAjArAma jaina pR0 18 se 207 12. apabhraMza sAhitya : DA0 harivaMza kochaDa

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127 apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya sAhitya kI paraMparAmeM unakI do racanAeM mahattva ke sAtha ginI jAtI haiMpANDava purANa evaM harivaMza purANa / pANDava purANa kA racanA kArya vi0saM0 1467 meM (I0 san 1440) kArtika zuklAaSTamI budhavAra ko saMpanna huaa| isameM 34 saMdhiyAM AI haiM / harivaMza purANa kI racanA vi0saM0 1500 meM samApta huI yAne (I0 san 1443) / isa racanA meM 13 saMdhiyAM aura 267 kaDavaka haiM / kAvyAtmakatA kI dRSTi se harivaMza purANa eka uttama racanA mAnI jAtI hai| DA0 harivaMza kochaDa bhI isa mAnyatA kA anumodana karate haiM / 18 harivaMza ke purANa-puruSa ahaMta ariSTanemi tathA vAsudeva kRSNa kA paraMparAgata carita varNana huA hai| isa graMtha kI eka hastalikhita prati digaMbara jaina maMdira bar3A terApaMthiyAna kA jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| harivaMza purANa kI racanA kavi ne yoginIpura meM agravAla vaMzIya garga gotrotpanna diuThA sAhU kI preraNA se kI tho 14 prastuta kAvya kI racanA zailI itivRttAtmaka hai| (8) harivaMza purANa : zrutikoti zrutikIti 16 vIM zatAbdI (vikrama) ke kavi mAne jAte haiN| inakI kRti harivaMza purANa ko DA0 kochaDa dvArA mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai|15 Amera (jayapura) ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM isa graMtha kI prati upalabdha hai| harivaMza purANa meM 44 saMdhiyAM haiN| zrutikIrti kI eka anya racanA "parameSThiprakAza'' bhI abhI hAla hI meM prakAza meM AyI hai| apabhraMza meM racita sAhitya ke vipula bhaNDAra meM jaina sAhitya kA to mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai hI kiMtu jo jJAta aMza hai vaha kRSNa kathA se saMbaddha hai| idhara aneka nava-navIna apabhraMza racanAoM kI jo khoja hotI calI A rahI hai, isase AzA banatI hai ki bhaviSya meM apabhraMza jaina kRSNa sAhitya kI sUcI meM aura bhI abhivRddhi hogii| 13. apabhraMza sAhitya : DA0 harivaMza kochaDa, pa0 120-122 14. vahI, pR0 17 15. vahI, pR0 126

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128 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya apabhraMza sAhitya meM kRSNa kAvya kI jhalaka aura nirUpaNa vizeSa rUpa se bAla-caritra ko lekara hI huA hai| isakI baliSTha paraMparA jaina kRSNakAvya kRtikAroM ke dvArA nirmita huyI hai| varNanazailI aura bhAva-lekhana kI guNavattA kA stara UMcA hai| jaina kRSNa kAvya ke kaviyoM meM puSpadaMta aura svayaMbhU niHsaMdeha usa gauravayukta sthAna ke adhikArI haiM jisa sthAna ke adhikArI vrajabhASA ke mahAna kRSNakavi sUradAsa haiM / sUradAsa ko yaha sthAna dilAne meM jaina apabhraMza kRSNa sAhitya kA nirmANa karane vAle kaviyoM ko isakA zreya denA hogaa| saMskRta-prAkRta kA kRSNakAvya bhAratIya sAhitya meM apanA eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai to bhASA sAhitya ke kRSNakAvya ke bIca kI eka zrRMkhalA ke rUpa meM apabhraMza kA jaina kRSNa kAvya mahattvapUrNa kArya karatA hai| isakA apanA nijI vaiziSTaya hai aura mahattA bhii| jaina kRSNa kathA niyama se hI ekAdhika kathAoM ke sAtha saMlagna huA karatI thii| alpAdhika mAtrA meM, 3, 4 vibhinna kathAoM kA gaMphana huA karatA thaa| eka kathA kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ke paribhramaNa kI hai to dUsarI 22 veM tIrthakara ariSTanemi ke caritra kI aura tIsarI kathA pANDavoM ke caritra kii| inake atirikta mukhya mukhya pAtroM ke bhavAMtaroM kI kathAeM bhI dI gayI haiN| vasudeva hiNDI ke nAma se jaina paraMparA kI kathA meM vasudeva ne eka sau varSa taka vividha dezoM kA paribhramaNa kiyA aura anekAneka mAnava kanyAoM aura vidyAdhara kanyAoM se bhI vivAha kiyaa| kRSNakathA ke prAraMbha meM vasudeva kA vaMza varNana aura usakA citraNa AyA hai| yahIM para vasudeva ke paribhramaNa kI aneka kathAoM kA varNana bhI AyA hai| ariSTanemi kRSNa (vAsudeva) ke cacere bhAI the| phalataH aneka bAra kRSNa caritra nemicaritra ke sAtha AyA hai / isake alAvA pANDava aura kauravoM kA kRSNa ke sAtha nikaTa saMbaMdha hone se kRSNa ke uttara caritra meM mahAbhArata kI kathA bhI jur3a jAtI hai| isa kRti kA nAma jaina mahAbhArata bhI kahIM kahIM pracalita hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki kRSNa caritra viSayaka jisa aMza ko pradhAnatA dI gayI hai usake anusAra usake nAma ko ariSTanemicaritra, nemipurANa, harivaMza purANa, pAMDava purANa aura jaina mahAbhArata kI saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai| vaise yaha koI niyama nahIM hai, na koI ekavAkyatA; kyoMki kahIMkahI viziSTa aMza ko samAna prAdhAnya denevAlI kRtiyoM ke nAma bhI bhinna-bhinna rUpa se milate haiN| jaina purANa kathAoM kA svarUpa eka ora apabhraMza meM milatA hai, to dUsarI aura saMskRta prAkRta meM milatA hai| yahAM

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apabhraMza jaina zrIkRSNa-sAhitya 126 yaha vivecana isalie diyA gayA hai ki apabhraMza kRSNakAvya kA adhyayana prastuta karane ke pahale jaina paraMparA se mAnya kRSNa kathA kI rUparekhA jAnI va samajhI jA sake / isa rUparekhA ke do AdhAra haiMprathama : yaha kathA digambarAcArya jinasena ke (san 784) saMskRta harivaMza purANa ke 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 41 sargoM para AdhArita hai| dvitIya : zvetAMbarAcArya hemacaMdra ke san 1956 ke karIba racita triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra kA 8 vAM parva hai jisameM savistAra zrIkRSNa caritra hai / jaina kRSNa caritra ke spaSTa rUpa se do bhAga kiye jA sakate haiN| prathama meM kRSNa yAdavoM ke dvArAvatI praveza taka kA aMza AtA hai aura zeSa kRSNa caritra kA aMza dUsare bhAga meM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| kRSNa jitane pUrva bhAga meM keMdravartI haiM utane uttara bhAga meM nahIM haiN| isa adhyAya meM maiMne apane adhyayana meM kucha kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM se udAharaNa dekara apane kathana ko puSTa kiyA hai aura anya kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM kA aura unakA nirUpaNa isalie kara diyA hai| kyoMki ye kRtiyAM aprakAzita aura hastalikhita rUpa meM haiN| inakA milanA isalie bhI kaThina hai; kyoMki ye bhinna-bhinna sthAnIya jaina saMgrahAlayoM meM haiN| isake bAda ke adhyAyoM meM aba hiMdI jaina kRSNa sAhitya kA vivecana -anuzIlana prastuta kiyA jaaygaa| ina pA~ca adhyAyoM ke bAda aba taka kiye gaye adhyayana ke AdhAra para jaina kRSNa kathA ko SaSTha adhyAya meM vivecita kiyA jaaegaa| isake saMdarbha bhI usake sAtha meM de diye haiN|

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prAkRta, apabhaza, saMskRta tathA anya (hiMdI) para AdhArita jaina zrIkRSNa kathA kA vivecana aba taka prAkRta, apabhraMza aura saMskRta meM jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA anuzIlana kiyA gayA / yahA~ para ina saba para AdhArita jaina sAhitya kI zrIkRSNa kathA kI saMkSipta vivecana karane kA udyoga kiyA gayA hai| vAsudeva zrIkRSNa jaina evaM vaidika donoM hI paraMparAoM meM zrIkRSNa ko vAsUdeva kahA gayA hai, kiMtu donoM paraMparAoM meM isa zabda ke prayoga meM ullekhanIya aMtara hai / vaidika paraMparA meM to vasudeva ke putra hone ke nAte "vAsudeva" zrIkRSNa kA nAma amara ho gayA hai, kiMtu jaina paraMparA meM vAsudeva kisI vyakti vizeSa kA nAma na hokara viziSTa guNayukta mahApuruSoM kI eka zreNI meM vAsudeva bhI eka haiN| pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla meM aise ha vAsudeva hote rahe haiN| zrIkRSNa vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke aise 6 vAsudevoM meM se eka haiN| aise pratyeka Araka meM isa prakAra 63 mahApuruSoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| ve "zalAkApuruSa" kahalAte haiN| inameM se 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 6 baladeva, 6 vAsudeva aura 6 prativAsudeva hote haiN| vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM Adi tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva evaM aMtima-24 veM tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI hue haiM / 22 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke samakAlIna vAsudeva hI zrIkRSNa the| ye apanI vAsudeva paraMparA ke 6 veM, arthAt aMtima vAsudeva the / kaMsa paricaya vasudeva ne aneka vivAha kiye the| devakI ke sAtha unakA aMtima vivAha thA / vasudeva-devakI hI zrIkRSNa ke janaka-jananI the| vasudeva-devakI

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA ke pariNaya meM kaMsa kI atimahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI / triSaSTizalAkA' Adi graMthoM meM vasudeva ke sAtha kaMsa kI ghaniSTatA evaM anurAga varNita huA hai| kaMsa kA yaha nAma kyoM rahA ? isake pIche bhI eka kathA hai / bhoja vRSNI ke Atmaja ugrasena mathurAdhipa the aura dhAriNI unakI mahArANI thI / kaMsa isI rAja-dampati kA putra thA / kaMsa jaba garbha meM thA, rAnI dhAriNI ko eka adbhuta dohada ( icchA ) hone lagI ki vaha apane svAmI ugrasena kA mAMsa bhakSaNa kare / " isa amaMgala kAmanA kI pUrti eka vikaTa samasyA bana gayI / eka aMdhere kamare meM rAjA ko le jAyA gayA aura eka kharagoza kA vadha kara diyA gayA / yojanAnusAra ugrasena jora-jora se karAhate rahe jise dhAriNI ne sunA aura apane pati kA mAMsa samajha kara usane kharagoza ke mAMsa kA bhakSaNa kiyaa| kAlAMtara meM vaha socane lagI ki jo saMtAna garbhAvasthA meM hI pitA ke liye aisA kaSTakArI hai to vaha janma lekara aura bar3A ho jAne para pitA ke liye kitanA ghAtaka siddha ho sakatA hai ? bhAvI aniSTa kI kalpanA mAtra se vaha Akula rahane lagI aura putra utpanna hone para usane use kAMsyapeTikA meM baMda kara yamunA meM pravAhita kara diyA / mAtA aura pitA ke nAma aMkita kara do mudrikAeM usa peTikA meM rakha dIM / eka dhanika subhadra ke hAtha yaha peTikA lagI aura vaha snehapUrvaka bAlaka kA lAlanapAlana karane lagA / kAMsya peTikA se prApta hone ke kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma rakhA gayA - kaMsa / vayaska hone para kaMsa vasudeva ke Azraya meM anucara ke rUpa meM rahane lagA, unhoMne use yuddhAdi samasta kalAoM kI zikSA dI / tadanaMtara eka ghaTanAkrama ne use mathurA nareza banA diyA / isa kAla kA prativAsudeva jarAsaMdha rAjagRhI kA adhipati thA / yaha ati balavAna aura parAkramI thA aura aneka nRpati unake varcasvAdhIna the / jarAsaMdha ne vasudeva ke bhrAtA 131 1. vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke 54 mahApuruSoM ke sAtha prativAsudevoM ko milAkara 63 viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA citraNa isa graMtha meM kiyA gayA hai / 2. triSaSTi zalAkA: 1 3. triSaSTi: 8 262 4. triSaSTi: 8|2|70

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132 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya soriyapura-nareza samudravijaya ko Adeza diyA ki vaha vidrohI siMha rAjA ko pakar3akara usake samakSa upasthita kre| usane yaha ghoSaNA bhI kI ki siMha rAjA ko pakar3ane vAle ke sAtha vaha apanI putrI jIvayazA kA vivAha bhI kara degA aura use puraskAra meM rAjya bhI diyA jaaygaa| kRmAra vasudeva kI icchA svIkArate hue rAjA samudravijaya ne unheM isa abhiyAna para jAne kI anumati to pradAna kara hI dI, kiMtu sAtha hI unheM capake se isa rahasya se avagata bhI karA diyA ki jIvayazA kaniSTha lakSaNoM kI hai| vaha apane pitA tathA putra-donoM ke liye amaMgalakAriNI banegI, donoM kUloM ke lie kalaMka kA kAraNa bnegii| bhrAtA ne nirdeza diyA ki jIvayazA se vasudeva svayaM vivAha na kara kaMsa ke sAtha usakA vivAha karavA kaMsa ke vaMza kI khoja kI jAne lagI aura mudrikAoM ke dvArA yaha spaSTa ho gayA ki vaha mathurA kA rAjakumAra hai / pariNAmataH vaha jarAsaMdha kI ghoSaNA kA lAbha uThAne ke yogya bhI samajhA jAne lgaa| apane abhiyAna meM saphala hokara vasudeva jaba jarAsaMdha ke samakSa pahuMce to jarAsaMdha ne pUchA ki siMha rAjA ko baMdI banAne vAlA vIra kauna hai ?? apanI yojanAnusAra vasudeva ne kaMsa kA paricaya prastuta kara diyaa| jIvayazA ke sAtha kaMsa kA vivAha saMpanna ho gyaa| vasudeva surakSita ho gaye aura kaMsa unakA kRtajJa ho gyaa| apane janma aura usake pazcAt ke samasta vRttAMta se avagata hokara kaMsa apane pitA ugrasena ke prati roSa se bhara gayA aura jarAsaMdha kI senA sahita vaha matharA aayaa| usane pitA ugrasena ko baMdI banA liyA aura svayaM mathurA kA rAjA bana baiThA / ' pitA kI yaha durgati dekha kara kaMsa ke anuja atimukta ke mana meM virakti utpanna ho gayI aura usane dIkSA grahaNa kara lii|10 vasudeva-devako pariNaya kaMsa apanI gauravapUrNa sthiti ke lie vasudeva kA AbhArI thaa| 5. triSaSTi : 8 / 2 / 82-84 6. viziSTa nimittajJa kroSTakI se yaha jJAta huA thaa| 7. triSaSTi : 8 / 4 / 65-66 8. triSaSTi : 8 / 2 / 85-64 9. triSaSTi : 8 / 2 / 65-66 10.triSaSTi : 8 / 2 / 108

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 133 usane atyanta Adara bhAva ke sAtha vasUdeva ko apane yahA~ AmaMtrita kiyA aura unhoMne yaha anurodha svIkAra kara liyaa|11 kaMsa ke cAcA devaka mRtakAvatI-nareza the jinakI rAjakumArI devakI thii| anurAgAnukulatA sahita kaMsa ne vasudeva se rUpa-guNazIlA nRpakanyA devakI ke sAtha vivAha kA anurodha kiyaa| isa sAnunaya Agraha ko vasudeva bhI asvIkAra nahIM kara ske| prasanna mana kaMsa ne vasudeva ke sAtha matakAvatI ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| mArga meM nArada ne vasudeva ko devakI se vivAhArtha prerita karate hue kahA ki vaha tumhArI samasta patniyoM se zreSTha hai| sarvatravihArI nArada jI ne vasudeva se pUrva mRtakAvatI pahuMca kara napakanyA ke samakSa vasudeva ke guNa, rUpa, zaurya, zakti, zIla Adi kA aisA varNana kiyA ki devakI mugdha ho gyii| usane vasudeva ko pati-rUpa meM varaNa karane kA mana hI mana saMkalpa kara liyaa| rAjA devaka ne vasudeva-kaMsa kA bhavya svAgata kiyaa| vaha bar3A prasanna thA, kintu sahasA vivAha prastAva sunakara vaha astavyasta ho gyaa| nA yA hA~ karate haye bhI vaha tatkAla svIkRti nahIM de paayaa| para, rAjakumArI kA prabala jhukAva dekhakara antataH use prastAva svIkAra karanA hI pdd'aa| atyaMta bhavyatA ke sAtha vivAha saMpanna bhI ho gyaa| devakI ne pANigrahaNa ke samaya atula saMpatti ke sAtha dasa gokula ke adhipati naMda ko bhI vasudeva ko samarpita kiyaa|12 atimukta muni dvArA bhAvI saMketa __mathurA Agamana para kaMsa ne vasudeva-devakI ke sammAna meM bhavya samAroha Ayojita kiyA / 13 kaMsa-vadhu jIvayazA ne mahotsava meM atyadhika ruci dikhaayii| madirApAna se vaha unmatta thI, tabhI usakI dRSTi atimukta muni para par3a gayI jo pAraNe ke prayojana se mathurA ke rAjabhavana meM pahuMce the| yahAM jIvayazA ke maryAdAhIna vyavahAra ko dekha kara ve ulaTe pA~va lauTa pdd'e| jIvayazA ne unheM pukAra kara kahA-are devara ! tuma ThIka hI samaya para Aye ho| acchA ho tuma mere sAtha natya karo, gAna kro|14 muni upekSA karate rahe, kiMtu atyanta pratADita kiye jAne para unhoMne roSapUrvaka amaMgala 11. triSaSTi : 8 / 5 / 43, 13. triSaSTi : 8570 12. triSaSTi : 8 / 5 / 66 14. triSaSTi : 8 / 271

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134 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya bhavitavya kA saMketa kiyA aura kahA he jIvayazA jisa (devakI) ke nimitta yaha samAroha manAyA jA rahA hai, usI kA sAtavAM garbha tere pati aura pitA kA vadha karegA / 15 "uttara purANa" ke anusAra yaha prasaMga anyathA rUpa meM bhI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / 16 gaMbhIra muni-vANI se jIvayazA kA nazA utara gayA aura usane muni kA pIchA chor3a diyA / munivANI sadA satya hotI hai - isa mAnyatAvaza jIvayazA bhAvI aniSTa se AtaMkita evaM vicalita ho gayI aura usane kaMsa ko tatkAla isase avagata karAyA / AtmarakSArtha satarka kaMsa apane prati vasudeva kI prasannatA evaM vizvastatA kA lAbha uThAnA cAhA / usane nATaate vinamratA ke sAtha vasudeva se nivedana kiyA ki Apake mujha para bar3e upakAra haiM / aba kRpApUrvaka eka vacana aura dIjiye ki Apa devakI ke sAta garbha janmate hI mujhe de deM / 17 " uttarapurANa" meM yaha kathAnaka kucha bhinnatA ke sAtha AyA hai / 18 muni kI bhaviSyavANI se anabhijJa aura devakI ke sAtha apane pariNaya prasaMga ke kAraNa kaMsa se prasanna vasudeva ne yaha vacana de diyA / 19 vaidika paraMparA meM yaha prasaMga anyathA rUpa meM mAnya hai / tathApi donoM hI paraMparAoM meM yaha sAmya avazya hai ki kaMsa ne isake pazcAt vasudeva-devakI ko svataMtra nahIM rakhA / 15. triSaSTi: 6 / 5 / 74 16. uttarapurANAnusAra atimukta kI tIna bhaviSyavANiyAM thI / 1 devakI kA putra avazya hI tere putra ko mAregA / 2. tere pati ko hI nahIM tere pitA ko bhI mAregA / 3. devakI kA putra samudraparyanta pRthvI kA pAlana karegA / uttarapurANa zloka 373 - 375 17. triSaSTi : 8 / 5 / 74 triSaSTi: 8 / 5 / 77-83 18. uttarapurANa meM ullekha hai ki kisI anya dina atimukta muni AhArArtha devakI ke ghara gaye aura devakI ne prazna kiyA ki hama donoM dIkSA grahaNa kareMge yA nahIM ? isa para muni ne kahA ki tuma loga isa prakAra bahAne se kyoM pUchate ho / tumhAre 7 putra hoMge / aMtataH sayama grahaNa karake mukta ho jAyeMge / sAMtavAM putra arddhacakrI hogA aura pRthvI kA cirakAla taka pAlana karegA / 16. triSaSTi: 66584-89

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 135. vaidika paraMparAnusAra devakI - vasudeva mathurA se vidA hokara ghara jA rahe the, svayaM kaMsa unakA ratha vAhaka thA / devaka ne 400 hAthI, 15 hajAra ghoDe, 18 sau ratha va 200 dAsiyAM daheja meM dI thIM 120 mArga meM kaMsa ko AkAzavANI sunAyI dI ki jise tU ratha meM biThAkara le jA rahA hai usI devakI kA AThavAM bAlaka tujhe maaregaa| 22 aura vaha tatkAla devakI-vadha karane ko uddhata ho utthaa| usane devakI ke keza pakar3a liye / isa para vasudeva ne kaMsa ko samajhAyA ki devakI kA vadha ucita nahIM hai / isase to koI bhaya tumheM hai hI nahIM / isa ke putra se hI bhaya hai, to maiM isake sabhI tumheM sauMpa dUMgA | 24 isa prakAra kaMsa ko Azvasta kara Asanna anartha ko vasudeva ne ghaTita na hone diyA 125 putra vAsudeva zrIkRSNa janma kaMsa ne apanI mRtyu ke bhaya se devakI - vasudeva ko kArAgRha meM DAla rakhA thA / jahA~ devakI ne 6 putroM ko janma diyA aura ve sabhI vacanAnusAra kaMsa ko de diye gaye / kaMsa aisA mAna rahA thA ki ye devakI ke putra haiM, anyajana bhI aisA hI mAna rahe the, kiMtu yathArtha isase bhinna thA bhaddilapura meM nAga seTha kI patnI sulasA ko mRta zizu utpanna huA karate the 126 usane hariNagameSI deva kI upAsanA kI / vaha prasanna ho gayA / saMyogavazAt devakI aura sulasA ko eka hI samaya prasava hotA thA aura deva sulasA ke mRta putra ko devakI ke pAsa aura devakI ke jIvita putra ko sulasA ke pAsa rakha detA thA / prasannamanA sulasA ise deva kA AzIrvAda mAnatI thI / zizuoM kA vinimaya aisI chadma rIti se hotA thA ki devakI, sulasA Adi kisI ko bhI isakA bodha na ho pAtA / isa prakAra devakI ke 6 putra sulasA ke ghara meM poSita hone lage / udhara tathAkathita devakI putroM (sulasA ke mRta putroM) kA kaMsa aMtima saMskAra karA detA thA / devakI ke apane putroM ke nAma the - 1 anIkayaza, 2 20. zrImadbhAgavata : 10 / 1 / 31-32 22 . vahI 10 / 11 / 35 24. vahI 10 / 1154 26. triSaSTi : 8581 21. zrImadbhAgavata : 10 / 1 / 34 23. vahI 10 / 1 / 36 25. 1011155

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jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya anaMtasena, 3 ajitasena, 4 nihatAri, 5 devayaza aura 6 zatrusena / zrIkRSNa vasudeva-devakI ke sAtaveM putra the / 28 ve zlAghanIya puruSoM kI zreNI meM the / svarga se cyuta hokara muni gaMgadatta kA jIva mAtA devakI ke garbha meM sthita ho gayA aura mAtA ne divya svapna dekhe / 30 jo mahApuruSodbhava ke pUrva saMketa the| bhAdra-mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI kI ardharAtri meM devakI ne meghanIla kAMtivAle saMdara ziza zrIkRSNa ko janma diyA / 31 zrIkRSNa ke prabhAva se usa samaya praharIjana nidrAmagna ho gye| 2 devakI ne pati vasudeva se kahA ki kaMsa ne mere 6 putroM ko mAra DAlA hai / 33 aba isa bAlaka kI rakSA karane gokula meM naMda ke ghara chor3a deN| vahIM yaha bar3A hogaa| vasudeva ke sAmane kaMsa ko diye gaye vacana ke pAlana kI samasyA thI / devakI ne vasudeva ko prabodha dete hue kahA ki chalapUrvaka liyA gayA anIti AdhArita vacana-vacana hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| anItikArI, ahitakArI vacana kA pAlana na karanA anIti nahIM hai| vasudeva sudar3ha ho gaye aura zrIkRSNa kI rakSA ke liye sannaddha bhii| naMda devakI ke sAtha daheja meM AyA huA unakA dAsa thA / bAlaka ko isake yahA~ chor3anA nizcita kiyA / ghora aMdherI rAta, 27. triSaSTi : 811160-67 28. vaidika paraMparAnusAra zrIkRSNa devakI ke 8 ve putra the| 26. vaidika paraMparAnusAra zrIkRSNa bhagavAna viSNu ke avatAra haiM / 30. (ka) triSaSTi : 8 / 4 / 68, (kha) vasudeva hiNDI anu0 pR0 482 31. triSaSTi 8 / 5 / 100 32 dekheM-"vasudeva hiNDI" 33. (ka) "vasudeva hiNDI'' meM (pR0 358-6) mArane kA spaSTa ullekha hai / (kha) triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra meM (parva 8, sarga 5, zloka 60-67) aura (caupanna mahApuruSa cariyaM (pR0 183 zloka 46-47) va harivaMzapurANa (sarga 35, zloka 1-15) ke anusAra hariNagabheSI deva sulasA ke mRta putroM ko devakI ke pAsa rakha AtA hai aura kaMsa unheM pachAr3a detA (ga) bhAgavata skaMdha 10 a0 2 arthAt devakI ke janme hue balabhadra ke pahale ke 6 sajIva bAlakoM ko kaMsa paTaka kara mAra detA hai / 34. triSaSTi : 8 / 102, 104

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA mUsalAdhAra varSA, praharI nidrAmagna aura vasudeva bAlaka ko lekara cale / devatAoM ne puSpavarSA kI, ATha dIpaka prajvalita kara diye aura kRSNa vasadeva para chatra tAna diyA / vasadeva kArAgAra ke mukhya dvAra para phuNce| yahIM para kaMsa ke pitA ugrasena baMdI the| unhoMne pUchA isa samaya bAlaka ko kahA~ le jA rahe ho ? vasudeva ne kahA yaha kaMsa kA zatra hai jo Apako bhI kArAmukta karegA aura zatru -nigraha kregaa| isa bAta ko gopanIya hI rakheM / zrIkRSNa : gokula meM yamunA pAra kara vasUdeva gokUla meM naMda ke ghara phNce| unheM navajAta ziza ke sAtha dekhakara naMda Azcaryacakita raha gyaa| naMda-vadhU yazodA ne usI samaya eka kanyA ko janma diyA thaa| vasudeva kA prayojana sugama ho gyaa| kanyA ke sthAna para zizu zrIkRSNa ko rakhakara naMda ne vasudeva ko apanI kanyA soMpa dii| jise sAtha lekara ve mathurA ke kArAgAra meM lauTa Ae aura devakI ko unhoMne yaha kanyA de dii|38 isI samaya praharIjana jAga gye| kyA huA kyA huA ? pUchate hae prahariyoM ne pAyA ki isa bAra eka kanyA ne janma liyA hai| bhora hone para jaba kaMsa ko jJAta huA to Azvasta ho vaha kahane lagA munivANI asatya siddha huii| devakI kI AThavIM saMtAna to putra nahIM putrI hai| bhalA yaha merI kyA hAni kara sakegI ? kaMsa ne kanyA kA vadha nahIM kiyA / nAsikA cheda kara use devakI ko lauTA diyA / 39 jaina 35. (ka) vasudevahiNDI; (kha) triSaSTi : 8 / 5 / 105-110; (ga) bhavabhAvanA gAthA 2163-65 pR0 146 / / 36. (kha) bhavabhAvanAgAthA-2166-67 / 37. (a) triSaSTi 8 / 5 / 113-114 38. saMghadAsagaNi aura AcArya hemacandra ke kramazaH vasudevahiNDI tathA bhavabhAvanA meM varNana hai ki kaMsa ne kanyA kI nAka capaTI kara dii| jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa meM bhI isI prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai| (ka) vasudevahiNDI (kha) bhavabhAvanA 2166 (ga) harivaMzapurANa 34 / 32 / pR0 452 36. chinnanAsAM puTAM kRtvA devakyAstA samaryapat-triSaSTi 8 / 5 / 115.

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138 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhiya sAhitya meM yaha vRttAnta anya rUpa meM bhI prApta hotA hai| uttarapurANa meM isa prakAra varNita hai (ka) vaizya kanyA kA nAma (salasA ke sthAna para) alakA thaa| hariNagameSI devakI putroM kA haraNa iMdra kI preraNA se karatA hai| (pR0 38486) / (kha) rohiNI-putra balabhadra zrIkRSNa ko aMka meM le jAte haiN| naMda chatra tAna kara sAtha calate haiN| baila rUpa nagaradevatA Age calate haiM jisake sIMgoM kI maNiyAM dIpaka kA kAma karatI haiM (pR0 360-62) / (ga) naMda inheM mArga meM mila gyaa| usane kahA ki mUladevatA kI ArAdhikA merI patnI ne yaha kanyA Apako sauMpane ko bhejI hai| balabhadra ne bAlaka naMda ko diyA aura kanyA ke sAtha lauTa Aye (pR0 366-400) / (gha) nAsikAccheda kara kaMsa ne dhAya dvArA talaghara meM kanyA ko poSita karavAyA jo AyU pAkara sattA AryA ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa karatI hai aura viMdhyAcala meM tapasyA karatI hai| kAlAMtara meM vaha bAgha kA zikAra hokara svargalAbha karatI hai| girIjana use vidhyavAsinI devI rUpa meM pUjane lagate haiM (pR0 407-411) / vaidika saMdarbha isase sarvathA bhinna prakAra kA hai / / gopUjana prAraMbha atulita zobhAdhArI zrIkRSNa naMdagRha meM bar3e hone lge| mathurA meM mAtA devakI kA mamatA bharA mana putra-mukha-darzana hetu Akula-vyAkula rahane lagA / jananI kA gokula AnA-jAnA saMdehajanaka ho sakatA thaa| astu, davakI gopUjana ke bahAne gokula AyI aura usane chaka kara apane suta ko dekhA, tuSTa huii| pratimAha yahI krama calatA rahA aura isa prakAra isa deza 40. uttarapurANa 41. zrImadbhAgavata 10 / 4 / 8 se 12, pR0 233-34 42. (ka) vasUdevahiNDI devakI lambhaka anuvAda, pR0 483 ! (kha) triSaSTiH0 8/5/116-121 / (ga) bhavabhAvanA gAthA--2201-2204 /

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 13e meM go-pUjana kA samAraMbha huA / 43 meghanIla kAMti saMpanna hone ke kAraNa bAlaka ko "zyAma" kA saMbodhana aura " zrIkRSNa" nAma milA 14 zakunI-pUtanA bAdhA vasudeva ke sAtha vaimanasya ke kAraNa pratizodhArtha vidyAdhara zUrpaka ne apanI do kanyAoM - zakunI aura pUtanA ko sakriya kiyA kRSNa-vadha ke prayojana se donoM gokula AyIM 146 duryoga se bAlaka ghara meM akelA thA / ye bAlaka ko AMgana meM ghasITa lAIM aura zakunI use bhArI gAr3I ke nIce kucalane lagI, para viphala rahI / pUtanA apane viSalipta stana kA pAna karAne 43. zrImadbhAgavata ke anusAra gokulavAsI iMdra ke upAsaka the / varSA ke devatA iMdra kA gavaM bhaMga karane ko zrIkRSNa ne iMdra pUjA rukavA dI aura gopUjana AraMbha karavAyA / isIse kupita hokara idra ne 7 dina taka avirala varSA kI aura zrIkRSNa ne govardhana dhAraNa kara brajavAsiyoM va godhana kA trANa kiyA / dazama skaMdha, adhyAya 25 / 26 / 44. triSaSTi : 8/5/116 / 45. zUrpaka vidyAdhara divastilaka nagara ke rAjA trizikhara kA putra thA / vasudeva ne yuddha meM trizikhara kA mastaka kATa diyA thA, ataH zUrpaka kA vasudeva se vaira thA aura usakI putrI isakA pratizodha lenA cAhatI thI / 46. ( ka ) jinasena ke anusAra ye donoM kaMsa dvArA bhejI gayI deviyAM thI / eka dina kaMsa ko apane zubhAkAMkSI deva varuNa (jo nimittajJa thA) se jJAta huA ki usakA saMhAraka samIpastha kSetra meM hI kahIM bar3A ho rahA hai to usane apane zatru ke vinAza ke lakSya se 3 dina kA upavAsa kiyA, pariNAmataH usakI pUrvajanma meM siddha kI gayI do deviyAM prakaTa huyIM / kaMsa ne unase pracchanna rUpa meM bar3ha rahe apane zatru ke vadha ke lie khaa| deviyAM gokula pahuMcI, unameM se eka ne zakunI (pakSI) kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA aura apanI painI coMca se zrIkRSNa ke komala tana ko godane kA prayAsa karane lagI, bAlaka kRSNa ne usakI coMca ko itanI jora se mardita kiyA ki vaha cItkAra karatI huyI bhAga khar3I huyii| dUsarI devI apane stanoM para viSa kA lepana karake AyI aura bAlaka ko stanapAna karAne lagI / zrIkRSNa ne apane mukha se stana ko itanI kaThoratA va zakti ke sAtha dabAyA ki vaha asIma pIr3A se karAhane lagI //

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140 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya I lagI / rakSaka devatAoM ne donoM vidyAdhariyoM kA prANAMta kara diyA / isI samaya naMda ghara lauTa aaye| AMgana meM yaha asta-vyastatA aura vidyAcAriyoM kA mRta zarIra dekhakara kisI aniSTa kI AzaMkA se Atura ho uThe aura lapaka kara ve bhItara gaye / zrIkRSNa ko sakuzala pAkara ve Azvasta ho gaye / eka sevaka ne batAyA ki svAmI, ApakA putra bar3A parAkramI hai, usI ne ina upadravI striyoM kA vadha kiyA hai / vaidika paraMparAnusAra kaMsa rAkSasI pUtanA ko bhejatA hai jo viSAkta stanapAna karAne lagatI hai aura bAlaka kRSNa itanI ugratA se stanapAna karate haiM ki usakA dehAMta ho jAtA hai / 27 dAmodara zrIkRSNa aura yamalArjuna nizcaya kara liyA gayA ki mAtA yazodA bAlaka ko akelA nahIM chodd'egii| kucha bar3A ho jAne para bAlaka zrIkRSNa mAtA kI dRSTi se chipakara idhara-udhara khisaka jAte the / mAM bAlaka kI kamara meM rassI bAMdhakara usakA dUsarA chora okhalI se bAMdha detI aura nizcita ho jAtI / yaha pratibaMdha jaba taka zrIkRSNa cAhate, tabhI taka prabhAvI rahatA thA / svecchAdhArita isa baMdhana se ve jaba cAhate mukta ho sakate the / zUrpaka vidyAdhara kA putra bAlaka kRSNa ke viruddha apanI bahanoM aura pitA ke vadha kA pratizodha pUrA kara lene ko vyagra thA / yaha yamalA jAti ke do vRkSoM kA rUpa dharakara naMda ke A~gana meM sthita ho gayA / putra ko udara se bAMdhakara nizcita mAM kahIM anyatra calI gayI thI / bAlaka zrIkRSNa okhalI ko ghasITate hue AMgana meM A gaye aura vRkSoM kI ora bddh'e| donoM vRkSa pAsa-pAsa saTane lage tAki bAlaka ko bIca meM dabAkara kucala deM / bAlaka ke sabala prahAra se donoM vRkSa dhvasta ho gaye aura isa prakAra zUrpaka putra kI jIvana lIlA samApta ho gayI / peTa para rassI ke baMdhana ke kAraNa zrIkRSNa ko "dAmodara" kahA jAne lagA / 48 AcArya jinasena ne yamala aura arjuna nAmaka do deviyoM kA honA mAnA hai / 49 zrImadbhAgavata meM yaha prasaMga anyathA rUpa meM hai / kubera- putra nalakabara aura maNigrIva yakSa kanyAoM ke sAtha jalakrIDA kara rahe the ki sahasA nArada 47. zrImadbhAgavata 10/6/4 se 13 / 48. ( ka ) triSaSTi : 8/5/141 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA gA0 2211-2215 / 46. harivaMzapurANa - 35/45, pR0 453 /

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prAkRta apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 141 jI pahuMca gaye / kanyAoM ne vastradhAraNa kara lie para ye donoM bhAI nirlajja ThaMTha kI bhAMti khar3e rhe| kSabdha RSi ne zApa diyA ki jAo isI taraha vRkSa yoni meM jA pdd'o| inake bahutere giDagiDAne para nArada jI ne uddhAra kI vyavasthA batAyI ki jaba kRSNAvatAra hogA taba bhagavAna tumhArA uddhAra kreNge| naMda A~gana meM ye donoM bhAI hI vRkSa bane the aIra zrIkRSNa se uddhAra pAkara ve apane mUla svarUpa meM Aye the|50 balabhadra kA gokula-Agamana putra-vatsalA mAtA-pitA kA mana ina bAdhAoM aura upadravoM se vicalita rahane lgaa| yaha bhaya bhI thA ki aise camatkAroM se zrIkRSNa kA vAstavika rUpa bhI kaMsa se adhika samaya taka chipA na raha skegaa| ataH bAlaka ke rakSaNArtha vasUdeva ne balabhadra ko naMda ke yahAM bheja diyaa| zrIkRSNa evaM valarAma gokula meM nAnA bhAMti krIDA karate aura grAmavAsiyoM ko sukhamagna rakhate / balarAma zrIkRSNa ko dhanurvidyA evaM anya yuddhakauzala sikhAne lage 51 zrIkRSNa Ayudha saMcAlana meM pravINa bne| unake zaurya, zakti aura parAkrama meM adbhuta gati se vikAsa hone lgaa| unakI rUpamAdhurI bhI vikasita hone lgii| ve kalAvaMta ho gye| sabhI unase atizaya prema karane lge| 11 varSakI Ayu meM hI ve gokula-nAyaka bana gye| muralI ke svara para gopiyAM unake pAsa daur3I AtIM / ve gopAla the| gAyeM unase amita sneha karatI thiiN| zrIkRSNa brajarAja ho gye| isa prakAra zrIkRSNa ne gyAraha varSIya gokulapravAsa pUrNa kiyaa| kaMsAri kI khoja eka dina rAjabhavana meM kaMsa ne nAsikAhIna kanyA ko dekha liyA aura use muni kI bhaviSyavANI smaraNa ho aayii| vaha vicalita ho utthaa| eka nimittajJa ko bulAkara usane prazna kiyA ki munivANI satya hogI 50. zrImadbhAgavata 10/10/1 se 43 / gItA presa, gorakhapura 51. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/46 se 53 / (kha) harivaMzapurANa-35, 64, pR0 456 / (ga) bhavabhAvanA-2217 aura 2216 / 52. triSaSTi 8/5/166 /

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142 jaina-paraMparA meM zrISkRNa sAhitya athavA mithyA ?53 uttara milA ki munivANI raMcamAtra bhI mithyA nahIM ho sktii| nimittajJa ne kahA ki tumhArA saMhAraka to janma le cukA hai aura vaha Asa-pAsa hI kahIM bar3A ho rahA hai| samasyA yaha thI ki kaMsa apane vinAzaka ko pahacAne kaise ? nimittajJa ne rAha batAyI ki kaMsa apane durdharSa aura balavAna baila ariSTa, azva kezI, durdAnta khara aura meSa ko mukta vicaraNArtha vana meM chor3a deN| khela hI khela meM jo ina cAroM kA vadha kara devahI kaMsa kA zatru hogaa| vahI devakI kA sAtavAM garbha hai / 54 nimitta se kaMsa ko yaha bhI jJAta huA ki usakA zatru isa yuga kA vAsudeva hogA aura vAsudeva mahAbalavAna hotA hai| vaha kAliyamardana bhI karegA aura samaya Ane para vaha usakA bhI aMta kara degaa| nimittajJa ke kathana se kaMsa AtaMkita ho gayA / vaha AtmarakSA ke lie sakriya ho gayA aura zatra kI khoja ke lie sujhAye gaye upAyoM ko kriyAnvita karane lgaa| pracaNDa baila ariSTa ko vRndAvana meM mukta vicaraNa hetu chor3a diyA gyaa| usake bhayaMkara utpAta se sarvatra trAhi-trAhi maca gyii|56 zrIkRSNa ne sIMgoM se pakar3akara isa kara baila ko niyaMtrita kara liyaa| vaha pichale pairoM se aisA Upara uThA ki apane hI bhAra se usakI grIvA bhaMga ho gayI aura vaha bhayAnaka cItkAra ke sAtha mara gyaa| gokulavAsI prasannatA se jhama utthe| vaidika paraMparAnusAra eka daitya bachaDe (vatsa) kA rUpa dhAraNa kara go-samaha meM ghusa aayaa| zrIkRSNa ne pichale paira pakar3a kara vatsAsura ko uThA liyA aura use AkAza meM tejI se aisA ghumAyA ki usakA prANAMta ho gyaa| uttarapurANAnusAra ariSTa nAmaka deva baila rUpa meM zrIkRSNa ke bala kI parIkSA lene aayaa| zrIkRSNa usakI gardana maroDane lage, kiMtu devakI ne use char3A liyaa| ariSTa ke pazcAt udaMDa azva kezI ko bhejA gyaa| usane 53. (ka) triSaSTi 8-5-200, 201 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA 2347 se 2350 / 54. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/202-204 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA 2352 se 2356 / 55. (ka) triSaSTi : 8-2-205-207 / (kha) bhava-bhAvanA gA0 2357 se 2356 / 56. zrImadbhAgadata meM ariSTa ke sthAna para vatsAsura nAma kA bachar3A ullikhita hai| 57. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/209-216 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA 2368 se 2375 / 58. uttarapurANa zloka 427-28 /

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 143 apane utpAta se gAyoM aura gopoM ko AtaMkita kara diyaa| zrIkRSNa ne pUrNa zakti ke sAtha apanA hAtha usake mukha meM DAla diyA aura dama ghuTane se usakA bhI prANAMta ho gayA / khara aura meSa kI bhI isI prakAra durgati huii| kaMsa ko nizcaya ho gayA ki zrIkRSNa hI usake zatru haiM aura ve parama balavAna evaM zUravIra haiN|70 zrImadbhAgavata meM khara kA nAma nahIM AtA, kiMtu dhenukAsura prasaMga ke sAtha isakI samakakSatA sthira kI jA sakatI hai jo isa prakAra hai ki tAlavana madhura phaloM se ladA thA aura dhenukAsura vahAM pratipala praharI rUpa meM satarka rahA karatA thaa| apanI sakhA maMDalI sahita zrIkRSNa vahAM pahuMce aura dhenukAsura ne balarAma ke vakSa meM lAta maarii| balarAma ne usake pichale paira pakar3a kara ghumA diyA aura usake prANa pakherU ur3a gye| isa para dhenuka ke baMdhu-bAMdhavoM kA samUha ekatrita hokara car3ha AyA aura donoM bhAiyoM ne una sabhI ko mAra kara tAlavana ko nirApada kara diyaa| zAraMga dhanuSa prakaraNa kaMsa ke rAjabhavana meM zAraMga nAmaka eka ati prAcIna dhanuSa thaa| usane ghoSaNA karavA dI ki jo koI isa dhanuSa para pratyaMcA car3hA degA usake sAtha vaha satyabhAmA kA vivAha karavA degaa| isa bahAne kaMsa eka bAra punaH nizcita kara lenA cAhatA thA ki zrIkRSNa hI usake zatru haiN|62 yathAsamaya Ayojana kiyA gyaa| aneka rAjA-rAjakumAra apanI zakti kA paricaya dene ko ekatra hue| zrIkRSNa bhI balarAma aura anAdhRSTi ke sAtha svayaMvara sabhA meM phuNce| anAdhRSTi vasudeva-madanavegA kA putra thA jo zauryapura se mathurA yAtrA meM rAtri vizrAma hetu gokUla ruka gayA thaa| mArga se aparicita hone ke kAraNa agale dina zrIkRSNa evaM balarAma ko sAtha lekara usane mathurA prasthAna kiyaa| mArga ubar3a-khAbar3a thA aura usakA ratha bAra-bAra aTaka jAtA thaa| 56. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/217-220 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA 2376-77 / 60. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/221 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2381 / 61. zrImadbhAgavata skaMdha 1, adhyAya 15, zloka 20-40 / 62. triSaSTi : 8/5/223-224 /

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144 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya jaba eka bhArI per3a kI bAdhA se ratha ruka gayA to anAdhRSTi ne vRkSa ko ukhAr3a pheMkanA cAhA para pasInA-pasInA hokara bhI vaha saphala na ho skaa| zrIkRSNa ne bar3I sugamatA se use samUla ukhAr3a kara rAstA banA diyaa| anAdhaSTi zrIkRSNa kI zakti para Azcarya karane lagA aura unakA prazaMsaka bana gyaa| svayaMvara sabhA meM jaba ye pahuMce to saMyoga aisA huA ki anAdhRSTi kA mukuTa dharatI para gira kara khaMDita ho gyaa| usakA paira phisala gayA thaa| upasthita rAjA-mahArAjA aTTahAsa kara uThe aura satyabhAmA bhI vyaMgya se muskurAne lgii| AtmavizvAsa Diga jAne ke kAraNa anAdhaSTi pratyaMcA na car3hA sakA / parAjaya kI isa sthiti se zrIkRSNa tar3apa utthe| unhoMne kSaNamAtra meM zAraMga ko pratyaMcAyukta kara diyaa| sabhAsthala harSadhvani se gaja uThA para vasudeva isa AzaMkA se citita ho uThe ki isa parAkrama se kaMsa ne zrIkRSNa ko apane zatra rUpa meM pahacAna liyA to nayA saMkaTa uTha khar3A hogaa| unake nirdeza para zrIkRSNa aura anAdhRSTi tatkAla sabhA tyAga kara gokula pahuMca gye| loka meM naMdanaMdana zrIkRSNa "zAraMgadhara" ke rUpa se vikhyAta ho gye| mallayuddhotsava : rahasyodghATana aba nizcita ho jAne para kaMsa apane zatru zrIkRSNa ko mArane kI nayI-nayI cAleM calane lgaa| usane mathurA meM eka mallayuddha kA Ayojana kiyaa| zrIkRSNa bhI balarAma ke sAtha phuNce| dUradraSTA vasudeva ne zrIkRSNa 63. (ka) jinasena kRta harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra kRSNa ko khojane meM asaphala rahakara jaba kaMsa gokula se mathurA lauTA, usI samaya mathurA meM 3 divya padArtha prakaTa hue-siMhavAhinI nAgazayyA, ati teja dhanuSa, aura pAMcajanya zaMkha / jyotiSiyoM se jJAta huA ki jo manuSya nAgazayyA para car3hakara isa dhanuSa ko pratyaMcAyukta kara degA aura pAMcajanya phUMka kara sasvara kara degA, vahI nizcaya rUpa se kaMsa kA zatru hai / tadanusAra kaMsa ne ghoSita karavAyA ki jo isa parAkramapUrNa kArya meM saphala rahegA, vaha merA mitra mAnA jAegA aura isa nAte meM usako alabhya iSTa vastu bhI bheTa kruuNgaa| (kha) jaba dhanuSa rakSaka asuroM va kaMsa ke sainya ne zrIkRSNa kA virodha kiyA to unhoMne dhanuSa ko khaMDa-khaMDa kara diyA aura dhanuSa ke Tukar3oM se hI saba ko mAra giraayaa| zrImadbhAgavata 10/42/15-21 /

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 145 kI rakSA hetu apane sabhI bhAiyoM aura putroM akrUra Adi ko bulAyA thA / kaMsa ne yaduvaMziyoM kA khUba svAgata kiyA aura unake lie pRthak se eka ucca maMca nirmita karavAyA / 84 isase kucha pUrva gokula meM eka ghaTanA ghaTita ho gayI / mathurA hetu prasthAnapUrva snAnArtha balarAma ne yazodA ko pAnI garma karane ko kahA / vyastatAvaza hue vilaMba se kupita ho balarAma ne yazodA ko tADanA dete hue kahA- hamArI dAsI hokara tumane hamArI AjJA ke ullaMghana kA sAhasa kaise kiyA ?65 mAtA ke isa apamAna se zrIkRSNa caMcala ho uThe / donoM bhAI yamunA-snAna ke lie cala diye / adhIra zrIkRSNa ne jaba pUchA -mAM ko tumane dAsI kyoM kahA ?86 to sArA vRttAMta batAte hue balarAma ne spaSTa kiyA ki zrIkRSNa bhI vasudeva-devakI ke putra haiM / rahasyodghATana para kaMsa ke prati zrIkRSNa ke mana meM pratizodha kI pracaNDa jvAlA dhadhaka uThI aura unhoMne kaMsa vadha kI pratijJA kara lI 187 yamunA meM snAnArtha jaba ye utare to pAyA ki isa sthala kA yamunA jala bar3A dIptimAna aura Alokita hai / isa yamunAdraha meM bhayaMkara kAliya nAga kA nivAsa thA / usI ke maNi- prakAza se jala dIptimAna ho uThA thA | zrIkRSNa isa tathya se aparicita the / inake jalapraveza karate hI bhayaMkara nAga lapakA, kiMtu tvarA ke sAtha zrIkRSNa ne use nAtha liyA aura usake sAtha krIDA karate rhe| aMtataH usakA mardana kara naSTa hI kara diyA / kutUhalavaza ekatrita vizAla janasamudAya ne zrIkRSNa kA jaya-jayakAra kiyaa| donoM bhAI sabhI kA sAdhuvAda lekara mathurA ke lie cala diye 188 68 harivaMza purANa aura uttara purANa meM yaha prasaMga anyathA rUpa meM hai ki kaMsa ne gokulavAsiyoM ko eka viziSTa kamala lAne kA Adeza diyA jo yamunA meM asaMkhya sarpoM vAle draha meM khilA thA / kaMsa jAnatA thA ki zrIkRSNa hI kamala lene ko jAyegA aura mArA jAyegA / zrIkRSNa ne jaba jala meM praveza kiyA to pracaMDa kAliya ne kruddha hokara AkramaNa kara diyA / zrIkRSNa 64. triSaSTi : 8 / 5 /244-246 / 65. (ka) -- vahI - 8 / 5 / 248 - 251 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA - 2403-2405 / 66. ( ka ) triSaSTi : 8 / 5 / 252-254 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA 2406 / 67. (ka) triSaSTi: 8 / 5 / 255-26 / (kha) bhavabhAvanA 248 | 68. triSaSTi : 8 / 5 / 262-265

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146 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya ne use madita kara diyA aura kamala lekara taTa para A gaye: jise gokalavAsI kaMsa ke pAsa le gye| kaMsa kA bhaya aura bhI ghanA ho gyaa| usane AjJA dI ki naMda ke putra sahita sabhI gopa yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho jAya / 69 zrImad bhAgavatAnusAra ramaNakadvIpa meM nAgoM kA nivAsa thA / nAgamAtA kadra aura garuDa-mAtA vinatA ke madhya vikaTa zatratA thI ataH garuDa jI jahA~ bhI sarpa ko dekhate turaMta use khA jAte the| brahmA jI se nivedana kiye jAne para unhoMne nirNaya diyA ki pratyeka amAvasyA ko eka sA~pa garuDajI ko de diyA jAya aura garuDajI sA~poM kA vyApaka vinAza nahIM kreNge| ina soM meM kAliya bar3A bhayaMkara aura ghamaMDI thA jo garuDajI ko diyA gayA sA~pa bhI svayaM khA jAtA thaa| kAliya aura garuDajI ke madhya bhayaMkara yuddha huA jisase AtaMkita kAliya anya surakSita sthAna para basa jAnA cAhatA thaa| eka anya kathAnusAra yamunA ke eka draha meM matsyoM kA samUha rahatA thA aura garuDajI yahA~ matsyAhAra kiyA karate the| eka dina jaba ve matsyanAyaka ko hI khA gaye to usakI patniyoM ne brahmAjI ke samakSa karuNa pukAra kii| unhoMne garuDajI ko zApa diyA ki ve isa draha kI machaliyA~ nahIM khaaeNge| yaha draha isa prakAra garuDajI se surakSita thA aura kAliya yahA~ nivAsa karane lgaa| taba se yamunA ke isa draha kA jala viSa ke prabhAva se sadA ubalatA rahatA thA, jalacara bhI isa prabhAva se jhulasa jAte the| taTa para dUra-dUra taka koI vanaspati nahIM ugatI thii| zrIkRSNa ne yamunA jala ko zuddha karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| jaba isa uddezya se zrIkRSNa ne jala meM chalAMga lagAyI to kruddha kAliya ne una para AkramaNa kiyA aura unheM apanI dRr3ha kuMDalI meM jakar3a liyaa| taba zrIkRSNa ne apanA tana itanA vikasita kiyA ki bhayaMkara pIr3A se karAha kara kAliya ko zrIkRSNa ko mukta kara denA pdd'aa| zrIkRSNa ne kAliya ke mastaka para tIvra padAghAta kiye aura use madita kara diyA / aceta nAga kI patniyAM pati ke prANoM ke rakSArtha zrIkRSNa se prArthanA karane lgiiN| saceta hokara kAliya bhI prANoM kI bhIkha mAMgane lgaa| zrIkRSNa ne kAliya se kahA-yaha sthAna chor3akara tuma apane mUla sthAna ramaNa dvIpa jaao| mere caraNa cihna tumhAre vakSa para aMkita haiM, ataH garuDa aba tumheM nahIM khaayegaa| kAlibha ne aisA ho kiyA aura yamunA jala zuddha ho gayA / 70 66. harivaMza purANa : 36/8-10 pR, 46 70 . zrImadbhAgavata : skaMdha 10-adhyAya 16-17

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prAkRta apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA kaMsa saMhAra : malla yuddha Ayojana para jaba zrIkRSNa balarAma mathurA phuNce| nagara dvAra para do saje-sajAye gaja-padmottara aura caMpaka agavAnI ke liye khar3e kiye gaye the| zrIkRSNa ke ghAta ke lie aisA kiyA gayA thaa| isase balarAma aura zrIkRSNa bhI anabhijJa na the| padmottara ne zrIkRSNa para aura caMpaka ne balarAma para AkramaNa kara diyaa| muSTi prahAra se zrIkRSNa ne padamottara gaja kA prANAnta kara diyA aura usake donoM dA~ta khIMca kara nikAla liye| caMpaka hasti bhI balarAma ke hAthoM mArA gyaa| donoM bhAI isa vijaya para binA koI garva dikhAte hue samAroha-sthala para pahuMca gaye / 2 aneka rAjA-mahArAjA ekatrita the / vasUdeva ke ha bhrAtA (dazAha) bhI upasthita the| balarAma ne dUra se hI zrIkRSNa ko saba kA paricaya diyA / kaMsa kA priya malla cANUra akhAr3e meM utara kara upasthita samudAya ko canautI dene lgaa| koI zaktizAlI ho to Aye aura mujha se mallayuddha kre| sarvatra sannATA chA gyaa| isa baliSTha se bAhuyuddha karanA sugama kArya na thaa| zrIkRSNa tAla ThoMkakara Age bddh'e| bhImakAya cANara ke viparIta kizora kRSNa ko khar3A dekha eka bAra to sabhI ora kolAhala maca gyaa| zrIkRSNa ne sabhI ko Azvasta kiyA ke maiM isa malla ko parAjita kara duuNgaa| kaMsa ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki yahI merA zatru hai aura usane anya malla muSTika ko bhI akhAr3e meM utarane kA Adeza de diyaa| yaha adharma yuddha thaa| akele kRSNa ke do pratidvaMdvI the| kaMsa to kisI bhI prakAra zatra-saMhAra cAhatA thA / aba balarAma bhI akhAr3e meM utara gye| zrIkRSNa cANara se aura balarAma muSTika se bhir3a gaye / mallayuddha ke bhISaNa ghAta-pratighAtoM ke 71. zrImadabhAgavata meM eka hI gaja "kuvalayApIDa" kI carcA AtI hai jise raMgazAlA (mallayuddhasthala) ke bAhara dvAra para khar3A kiyA gayA thaa| zrIkRSNa ne mahAvata se kahA ki hameM praveza kA mArga de anyathA tujhe hama hAthI sahita mAra deNge| cir3hakara mahAvata ne hAthI ko Age bddhaayaa| zrIkRSNa ne kucha samaya to pUMcha pakar3akara hAthI ko ghumAyA, phira sUMDa pakar3akara dharatI para pachAr3a diyA, usakA dAMta ukhADa liyA aura usI ke prahAroM se mahAvata aura hAthI donoM kI jIvanalIlA samApta kara dii| 72. bhavabhAvanA gA0 2431-32 - 73. (ka) harivaMzapurANa-36/36 pR0 464; (kha) triSaSTi : 8/5/272

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148 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya daurAna zrIkRSNa ke urusthala para cANUra ne aisA prahAra kiyA ki ve aceta ho gaye / kaMsa ne cANUra ko isI samaya zrIkRSNa kA aMta kara dene kA saMketa diyaa| cANUra ne AkramaNa kiyA bhI, para balarAma ne use viphala kara diyaa| saceta hokara zrIkRSNa ne cANUra ko bhujAoM meM aisA jakar3A ki usakA prANAMta ho gayA / kaMsa ne baukhalA kara apane sevakoM ko AjJA dI ki ina adhama gopoM ko mAra do, inake pAlaka naMda ko bhI samApta kara do aura usakA saba kucha lUTa laao| jo bhI naMda kA pakSa le use bhI mAra ddaalo|' kaMsa ko lalakAra kara zrIkRSNa ne kahA-pApI, cANUra vadha para bhI tU svayaM ko mRta nahIM maantaa| mujhe mArane ke pUrva tU AtmarakSA kA upAya kara le / jhapaTa kara ve kaMsa ke pAsa gaye aura usake keza pakar3a use khIMca liyaa| vaha dharAzAyI ho gyaa| udhara balarAma bhI muSTika kA kAma tamAma kara cuke the / kaMsa kI rakSA ke lie jaba usake karmacArI zastrAdi lekara daur3e to balarAma ne maNDapa ke eka staMbha ko ukhAr3a kara usakI sahAyatA se sabako khader3a diyaa| zrIkRSNa ne kaMsa ke mastaka para paira rakhA aura use yamaloka bheja diyaa| jaise dUdha meM se makkhI ko nikAla diyA jAtA hai vaise hI zrIkRSNa ne kaMsa kI mRtadeha ko uThAkara maMDapa se bAhara pheMka diyaa|7 harivaMza purANa ke anusAra kaMsa talavAra lekara zrIkRSNa para jhapaTatA hai aura kRSNa talavAra chIna kara use bAloM se pakar3akara pachAr3a dete haiM aura mAra DAlate haiM / 8 kaMsa ne jarAsaMdha kI senA ko bhI samAroha meM nAgarika rUpa va veza meM khar3A kara rakhA thaa| kaMsa-vadha para ve zastra lekara lapake, para samudra vijaya Adi dazA) ke zaurya ke sAmane ve Tika na sake / 74. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/284-265 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2443-2456 (ga) harivaMzapurANa meM kRSNa ke behoza hone kA varNana nahIM hai| 75. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/266-300 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2457-2461 76. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/301-302 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2462-2464 77. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/313 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2466-2477 78. (ka) harivaMzapurANa 36/45 pR0 465 (kha) uttarapurANAnusAra zrIkRSNa ne kaMsa ko paira pakar3a kara ghumAyA aura bhUmi para paTaka kara mAra DAlA / zrIkRSNa ne aisA taba kiyA jaba cANUra kI mRtyu ke pazcAt kaMsa svayaM akhAr3e meM utraa|

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 146 vasudeva ne balarAma ko ardhAsana diyA aura zrIkRSNa ko aMka meM biThAkara unakA bhAla cmaa| unhoMne apane jyeSTha bhrAtAoM ko zrIkRSNa va balarAma kA paricaya diyA aura atimukta muni kI bhaviSyavANI Adi kI samagra pUrvakathA sunaayii|79 unhoMne batAyA ki vacanabaddhatA kI vivazatA ke kAraNa hI unheM kaMsa ke atyAcAra sahane par3e / devakI ke atizaya Agrahavaza ho usakA sAtavAM garbha naMda ke yahAM chor3akara usake sthAna para usakI putrI ko lAnA pdd'aa| samudravijaya ne ugrasena ko kArAmukta kiyA va unake sAtha jAkara kaMsa kA aMtima saMskAra kiyaa|81 jIvayazA ko chor3a kara zeSa rAniyoM ne apane pati ko jalAMjali dii| jIvayazA ne pratizodha vaza pratijJA kara lI ki yAdava kula kA sarvanAza karake hI maiM pati ko jalAMjali dUMgI, anyathA jIvita hI agnipraveza kara lNgii| vaha matharA tyAga kara pitagaha calI gyii| pitA ne use Azvasta kiyA ki tU koI ciMtA na kara, maiM tere zatru kA vinAza kara duuNgaa|82 zrIkRSNa va balarAma ke anurodha para samudravijaya ne ugrasena ko punaH mathurA ke siMhAsana para ArUr3ha kiyA aura mahArAja ugrasena ne rAjakumArI satyabhAmA kA zrIkRSNa ke sAtha vivAha saMpanna karAyA 183 harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra vidyAdharoM ke rAjA suketu ne apanI putrI satyabhAmA ke sAtha zrIkRSNa kA vivAha kara diyA / 84 somaka prasaMga : jarAsaMdha bhI zrIkRSNa virodhI ho gayA thA aura rAjA somaka ke sAtha usane samudravijaya ko sandeza bhejA ki kaMsa-saMhAraka zrIkRSNa balarAma ko hameM sauMpa do anyathA tumheM hamArA kopabhAjana bananA hogaa| samudra 76. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/318-320 (kha) bhavabhAvanA 2480-2486 80. triSaSTi : 8/5/323, 326 81. triSaSTi : 8/5/328-326 82. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/335-338 (kha) harivaMzapurANa : 36/65-66 83. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/340-343 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2500-25.2 84. harivaMzapurANa : 36/53-61 pR0 467-68 85. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/340-343 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2500-2502

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150 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya 1 vijaya ne kahA ki kaMsa atyAcArI thA / usane kRSNa ke bhAiyoM kA vadha kiyA hai / kaMsa kA saMhAra kara zrIkRSNa ne ucita hI kiyA hai / ve nirdoSa haiM 188 para, somaka kA maMtavya thA - zrIkRSNa-balarAma hI nahIM, vasudeva bhI aparAdhI haiM, jinhoMne vacanabaddhatA kA nirvAha na kara apane sAtaveM putra ko gupta rakha liyA / usane kahA-- jarAsaMdha mahArAja ke Adeza kA pAlana tumhArA karttavya hai / pitA para kiye gaye AkSepa ne zrIkRSNa ko kruddha kara diyA / ve bole--kaMsa ke sAthI hone se jarAsaMdha bhI hamArA zatru hai / 87 usane hamase sneha-sambandha tor3a liyA hai / sneha vaza hI to hama usakA Adeza mAnA karate the / zrIkRSNa ko kulAMgAra kahane para somaka ko anAdhRSTi ne bhI kharI-khoTI sunAyI / lajjita ho vaha lauTa gayA / jarAsaMdha kI ora se bhAvI ApadAoM kI kalpanA se samudravijaya ciMtita ho gaye / unhoMne nimittajJa kroSTukI se isa naye vaimanasya kA pariNAma pUchA / 89 saMketa milA ki yuddha hogA aura zrIkRSNa va balarAma dvArA jarAsaMdha vadha hogA aura usake sthAna para svayaM zrIkRSNa hI trikhaMDezvara hoNge| usane parAmarza diyA ki yAdavoM ko mathurA tyAga kara pazcima kI ora prasthAna karanA cAhie aura samudra taTa para nayA nagara sthApita karanA caahie| yAtrAraMbha ke sAtha hI zatru pakSa kA kSaya bhI AraMbha hogA / mArga meM satyabhAmA jahAM do putroM ko janma de, vahI sthAna nirApada hogA, vahIM nagara basA lenA ucita rahegA / " parAmarzAnusAra samudravijaya ne pazcima kI ora sadala-bala prasthAna kiyA / ugrasena bhI sAtha ho liye / 11 kula koTi yAdavajana mathurA se samudravijaya ke sAtha nikala par3e / zauriyapura se sAta koTi yAdava aura unake sAtha ho gaye / vizAla yAdava samUha vidhyAcala kI ora agrasara huA / 2 86. triSaSTi : 8/5/344-347 87. (ka) vahI - ( kha ) bhavabhAvanA : 2511 88. triSaSTi: 8 / 5 / 357 86. vahI - 8 / 5 / 358-256 10 (ka) -- vahI - 8 / 5 / 360 - 62 (kha) bhavabhAvanA 2520 - 2524 61. harivaMzapurANa meM yaha sArA prasaMga anya hI prakAra se varNita milatA hai / kaMsa vadha kI 'sUcanA jyoM hI jIvayazA se jarAsaMdha ko milI usane yAdavoM ko mArane ke lie apane putra kAlavana ko mathurA bhejA / usata 17 bAra yAdavoM se yuddha kiyA aura aMta meM atula mAlAvata parvata para vaha mArA gyaa| taba jarAsaMdha ne apane bhAI aparAjita ko bhejA / usane yAdavoM ke sAtha 246 bAra yuddha kiyA aura

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA kAlakumAra prasaMga : kruddha pitA jarAsaMdha ne putra kAlakumAra ke isa anurodha ko svIkAra kara liyA ki vaha yAdavoM para AkramaNa kare / usane kahA - "yAdava samudra meM athavA agni meM kahIM bhI chipa jAMya maiM unheM vahAM se khIMca lAUMgA aura naSTa kara dUMgA / " vaha vizAla senA lekara yAdavoM ke viruddha nikala par3A / zrIkRSNa ke rakSaka devoM ne yAdava pakSa kI sahAyatA kii| devoM ne eka vizAla ekadvArIya durga kI racanA kI aura bhItara sthAna-sthAna para aneka citAeM prajvalita kara dIM / kAlakumAra jaba isa durga para pahuMcA to dvAra para eka akelI vRddhA baiThI ro rahI thii|" usane batAyA ki kAlakumAra ke bhaya se sabhI yAdava agni meM praveza kara gye| maiM bhI jala marUMgI / 23 kAlakumAra apanI pratijJA kA smaraNa kara agni se yAdavoM ko khIMca lAne ke lie citA meM praviSTa ho gayA / vaha bhasma ho gayA / " senA ne rAtri ke kAraNa vahIM vizrAma kiyA / prAtaH jAga kara jaba sainikoM ne pAyA ki vahAM na to koI durga hai aura na hI vaha vRddhA to ve Azcaryacakti raha gaye / mArga meM atimukta muni se bheMTa ho jAne para samudravijaya ne unase pUchA - isa vipatti meM hamArA kyA hogA ? 95 uttara milA - ciMtA kA kAraNa hI nahIM hai / samudravijaya ke putra ariSTanemi 22 veM tIrthaMkara hoMge / balarAma va zrIkRSNa kramazaH baladeva aura vAsudeva haiN| vAsudeva zrIkRSNa prativAsudeva jarAsaMdha kA vadha kara svayaM tIna khaNDoM ke adhipati hoMge / " 96 151 vaha bhI zrIkRSNa ke bANoM se mArA gayA / zrIkRSNa-balarAma AnaMdapUrvaka mathurAvAsa karane lage / aparAjita kI mRtyu kA samAcAra pAkara svayaM jarAsaMdha ne yuddha ke lie prasthAna kiyA, taba ye mathurA chor3akara pazcima kI yAtrA AraMbha karate haiM / - harivaMzapurANa sarga 36 / 65 67, 40/1-23 92. harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra svayaM jarAsaMdha jAtA hai aura isa prakAra kA dRzya dekhakara zatrunAza ke kAraNa usake mana meM saMtoSa hotA hai aura vaha rAjagRha lauTa AtA hai / harivaMzapurANa - 40 / 28 - 43 pR0 464-67 - 3. (ka) triSaSTi : 8 / 5 / 367 - 376 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2526-2535 64. triSaSTi : 8/5/378-380 65. triSaSTi : 8/5/386-387 6. ( ka ) triSaSTizalAkA : 8/5/388 386 ( kha ) bhavabhAvanA : 2558

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152 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya dvArakA-nirmANa ___ yAdava dala saurASTra meM raivataka parvata ke samIpa zivira DAle thA ki satyabhAmA ne do putroM ko janma diyaa| yahIM para yAdavoM ko nagara basAnA thaa| zrIkRSNa ne samudra pUjana ke pazcAt aSTama bhakta tapa AraMbha kiyA aura lavaNasAgara kA svAmI susthita deva prakaTa haa| deva ne zrIkRSNa ko pAMcajanya aura balarAma ko sughoSa nAmaka zaMkha va ratnAdi bheMTa kiye 7 aura nirdeza cAhA ki, vaha kyA sevA kara sakatA hai ? zrIkRSNa ne kahA-pUrva vasudeva kI dvArakA isI sthala para thI jise tumane jalamagna kara diyA thaa| aba vaisI hI dvArakA punaH nirmita kro| susthita deva se vRttAMta jAnakara iMdra ne kubera ko Adeza diyA, jisane dvArakA kA nirmANa karavAyA / 98 kabera ne zrISNa ko do pItAMbara, nakSatramAlA, hAra, makUTa, kaustubhamaNi, zAraMga dhanuSa, akSaya bANa tuNIra, naMdana khaDga, kaumadI gadA aura garuDadhvaja ratha upahAra meM bheMTa kiye| isI prakAra balarAma ko do nIla vastra, vanamAlA, mUsala, akSaya bANa tuNIra, dhanuSa aura hala kA upahAra diyA gyaa| zrIkRSNa ke pUjya sabhI dazAoM ko bhI ratnajaTita AbhUSaNAdi upahAra diye gaye / yAdavoM ne zatrusaMhAraka zrIkRSNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA aura ve dvArakAdhIza ho gaye / aura, taba yAdava kula kA dvArakA meM praveza huaa| rukmiNI prasaMga zrIkRSNa kA dvArakA meM anuzAsana cala rahA thaa| zrIkRSNa prajAvatsala, vinamra aura mRdu nareza the| vaibhava aura sukhAdhikya ke kAraNa dvArAvatI devapurI-samakakSa thii| eka dina nArada jI rAjabhavana meM phuNce| vinamratA aura zraddhA ke sAtha zrIkRSNa ne unakA hArdika svAgata kiyaa| eka prazna unake mana meM macala uThA ki zrIkRSNa kI bhAMti hI rAniyAM bhI vinamra haiM athavA nahIM ? nArada jI aMtaHpura meM pahuMce / rAniyoM ne unakA svAgata namratA se kiyA, kiMtu zRMgAra-vyasta satyabhAmA se unakI upekSA ho gyii| nArada jI ne nizcaya kiyA ki satyabhAmA kA apaharaNa anivArya hai| aura, ve aMta:pura se lauTa gye| 17. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/5/361-365 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2565 68. (ka) triSaSTi : 0/5 (kha) bhavabhAvanA :2571-2568 (ga) harivaMzapurANa 51/32-37 pR0 501 66. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/6/7-6 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2638-36

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 153 nArada jI aba aisI anupama sundarI ke khoja meM the jise zrIkRSNa kI navarAnI banAkara satyabhAmA kA garvabhaMga kara sakeM / kuNDinapura nareza bhISmaka kI rAjakanyA rukmiNI trailokyasundarI thI / nArada jI ke Agamana para rukmiNI ne vinata ho unheM praNAma kiyA / RSi ne use AzIrvAda diyA - beTI, dvArikAdhIza zrIkRSNa tere pati hoNge| 100 jijJAsA tuSTa karate hue unhoMne rukmiNI ko zrIkRSNa ke rUpaguNa se savistAra paricita karAyA / rAjakumArI ke mana meM zrIkRSNa ke prati anurAga jAgRta ho gayA aura usane unheM patirUpa meM varaNa karane kA nizcaya kara liyA / nArada jI ne svayaM hI rukmiNI kA eka citraphalaka taiyAra kara zrIkRSNa ko diyA / isa anupama rUpamAdhurI para zrIkRSNa mugdha ho gaye / pariNaya kA prastAva kuMDinapura bhejA gyaa| kumAra rukmi prastAva se kSabdha ho gayA / dUta ko usane uttara meM kahA - rukmiNI kA hAtha maiM eka gvAle ko nahIM de sakatA / usakA pariNaya pUrvanizcita vara zizupAla ke sAtha saMpanna hogA | 201 rukmiNI jaba bAlikA thI-- atimukta muni ne bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki, vaha bhI kRSNa kI paTTarAnI banegI / 102 dhAya phuibA ne isakI carcA karate hue kahA ki, kumAra rukmi ne ThIka nahIM kiyaa| phuibA rukmiNI kI manokAmanA pUrNa karane meM sahayoginI bnii| eka gopanIya patra meM usane zrIkRSNa ko likha bhejA ki mAgha zuklASTamI ko nAgapUjA ke misa maiM rukmiNI ko udyAna meM lAUMgI / he kRSNa ! yadi rukmiNI kA prayojana ho to vahAM A jAnA / anyathA vaha zizupAla kI ho jAyagI / 108 zrIkRSNa ke bala parAkrama se "paricita rukmi kA sazaMka mana bhI azAMta ho gayA thA / usane zizupAla ko zIghra Ane kA nimaMtraNa bheja diyA / zrIkRSNa-rukmiNI praNaya se avagata zizupAla senA sahita kuNDinapura pahu~ca gyaa| idhara yojanAnusAra phuibA ke (ga) harivaMzapurANa : 42/24-26 100. ( ka ) triSaSTi : 8 / 6 / 10-13 (kha) bhavabhAvanA / 2640-42 (ga) harivaMzapurANa : 42 / 30, 4250 507 101. ( ka ) triSaSTi : 8 / 6 / 14-21 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2643-44 (ga) harivaMzapurANa : 42 / 43-48 102. ( ka ) triSaSTi : 8 / 6 / 24 ( kha ) harivaMzapurANa : 42 / 46-46 103. ( ka ) triSaSTi : 8 / 6 / 28-30 ( kha ) harivaMzapurANa : 42 / 57-64 (ga) pradyumnacaritra mahAkAvyam sarga 2, zloka 73

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154 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya sAtha rukmiNI udyAna meM pahu~cI / balarAma sahita Aye zrIkRSNa pratIkSArata the| unhoMne phuibA ko praNAma kara rukmiNI ko rathArUDha hone kA saMketa kiyaa| dhAtrI kI anumatI se usane aisA hI kiyaa| ratha ne prasthAna kiyA aura phuibA va anya dAsiyAM sahAyatArtha cillA-cillA kara kahane lagI ki, zrIkRSNa rukmiNI kA haraNa kara le gye|104 rukmi aura zizupAla apanI senAsahita pIchA karate hue samIpa A gaye to inakI zakti se paricita rukmiNI atyanta vyAkula ho gyii| zrIkRSNa ne bANa calAkara tADapaMkti ko bedha diyA, cuTakI meM mor3akara aMgUThI ke hIre kA cUrA kara diyaa| unake parAkrama kA paricaya pAkara rukmiNI Azvasta ho gyii| zrIkRSNa se balarAma ne kahA ki, tuma vadha ko lekara Age calo, maiM zatraoM ko rokakara unakA nigraha karatA huuN|105 bhAI ke Asanna kAla se rukmiNI vyAkula ho gayI aura usane balarAma ko bInatI kI-bhAI kA badha na kreN| zrIkRSNa Age bar3ha gaye aura balarAma ne masala se aridala kA nAza kara diyaa| haladhAraNa karane para zeSa sainya bhI titara-bitara ho gyaa| akelA rukmi baca gyaa| balarAma ne bANoM se usakA ratha khaMDita kara kavaca vidIrNa kara diyaa| kSarapra bANa se usakI dAr3hI-mUMcha bhI ukhAr3a dii| ve bole--merI anUja-badhU kA baMdha hone ke kAraNa maiM terA badha na karUMgA, jA, chor3a detA hU~ 1106 lajjita hokara rukmi lauTakara kuNDinapura na gayA, bhojakaTa nagara basAkara vahIM rahane lgaa|107 dvArakA pahuMcate-pahuMcate rukmiNI ke mana meM hInatva Ane lgaa| zrIkRSNa kI anya rAniyAM apane sAtha vaibhava lAyI hoMgI aura vaha khAlI hAtha hai| zrIkRSNa ne use "anurAgamati' kahakara usake saMkoca ko dUra kara diyA, tathApi use satyabhAmA ke mahala ke pAsa pRthaka mahala meM rakhA aura usake sAtha gAMdharva vivAha kiyaa|108 104. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/6/31-36 (kha) harivaMzapurANa : 42/65-77 (ga) vasudevahiNDI (gha) padmacaritra sarga 3-4 105. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/6/40-48 (kha) harivaMzapurANa : 42/78-86 pR0 51 (ga) harivaMzapurANa meM balarAma ko chor3akara kRSNa jAte nahIM haiM, kiMtu vahIM para rahakara yuddha karate haiM-dekho-harivaMzapurANa-42/60-75 sAtha hI zizupAla ke vadha kA varNana kiyA hai, para vaha triSaSTi zalAkA puruSacaritra meM nahIM hai| 106. triSaSTi : 8/6/50-57 107. triSaSTi : 8/6/58 108. triSaSTi : 8/6/64

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA ATha paTTarAniyA~ : ana mahiSiyAM zrIkRSNa kI aneka rAniyA~ thIM, jinakI saMkhyA 16 hajAra mAnI jAtI haiN|109 inameM se satyabhAmA evaM rukmiNI sahita 8 pramukha thIM jo paTTarAniyA~ thIM aura agramahiSiyA~ kahalAtI thiiN| zeSa 6 paTarAniyoM ke nAma the-jAmbavatI, lakSmaNA, susImA, gaurI, padmAvatI evaM gaaNdhaarii| jAMbavatI gagananaMdana ke vidyAdhara rAjA jAMbavAna kI putrI thI aura usakI mAtA kA nAma zrImatI thaa| lakSmaNA siMhasvAmI hiraNyaloma kI putrI thI jo zrIkRSNa kI AzAoM kI avamAnanA kiyA karatA thaa| lakSmaNA kA haraNa kiyA gayA thA / 110 sUsImA arAkSarI (AyusvarI) nagarI ke rAjA kI putrI thI aura namUcI kI bahana thI jise apanI ajeyatA kA darpa thaa| prabhAsa tIrtha se zrIkRSNa namUci kA vadha kara use haraNa kara lAye the / 111 gaurI marutdeza ke rAjA vItabhaya kI putrI thii|112 padmAvatI balarAma kI mAtA rohiNI ke bhAI ariSTapura nareza hiraNyanAbha kI putrI thii|113 gAMdhArI gAMdhAra deza kI pUSkalAvatI nagarI ke rAjA nagnajita kI putrI thii|114 nagnajita ke nidhana para gAMdhArI kA bhAI candradatta rAjA banA, para svajanoM dvArA apahRta kara diyA gayA thaa| zrIkRSNa ne use punaH rAjyArUr3ha karAyA thaa| usane gAMdhArI kA vivAha zrIkRSNa ke sAtha karA diyA / 114 106. (ka) antagaDadasAo varga 1 a0 1 (kha) praznavyAkaraNa, 3 dharmadvAra (ga) vaidika paraMparA meM rAniyoM kI saMkhyA 16101 mAnI gayI haiM / bhagavato pyatra-martyaloke'vatIrNasya SoDazasahasrANyekottara-zatAni strINAmabhavatviSNupurANa / inameM se rukmiNI, kAliMdI, mitravindA, satyA (nagnajita kI putrI), jAmbavatI, rohiNI, suzIlA, (madrarAjaputrI) satyabhAmA aura lakSmaNA ina 6 rAniyoM ko pramukha mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra pramukha rAniyAM-rukmiNI, satyabhAmA, gAMdhArI. zaivyA, hemavatI, jAmbavatI / harivaMzapurANAnusAra lakSmaNA hI jalahAsinI hai| aura, pramukha rAniyAM isa prakAra haiM-kAlindI, mitravRndA, satyA, jAmbavAna kI kanyA rohindI, mAdrIsuzIlA, satyajita kI kanyA satyabhAmA, jalahAsinI lakSmaNA, shaivyaa| 110. vasudevahiNDI pR076 111. vahI--pR0 76 112. vahI-5078 113. vahI-78 114. bahI-pu. 78

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156 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhiya pradyumnajanma evaM apaharaNa prasaMga : atimukta muni se rukmiNI ne eka prazna kiyA, satyabhAmA bhI upasthiti thI / munirAja ne uttara diyA ki tumheM zrIkRSNa jaisA hI putra utpanna hogA / 116 tadanaMtara donoM rAniyoM meM vivAda ho gayA / pratyeka kA mAnanA thA ki kathana usake hI viSaya meM thA / nirNayArthaM ve zrIkRSNa ke pAsa AyIM / duryodhana bhI usa samaya upasthita thA; jisase satyabhAmA ne kahA ki mujhe putra huA to vaha tumhArA jAmAtA banegA / turanta hI yaha adhikAra rukmiNI apanA jatAne lagI / duryodhana yahI kaha sakA ki donoM meM se jise bhI putra hogA - usase apanI putrI kA vivAha kara dU~gA / satyabhAmA ne eka krUra zarta rakha dI ki hama donoM meM se jisakA putra pahale vivAha karegA, vivAha ke samaya dUsarI ko apanA sara muMDavA lenA paDegA / rukmiNI ne zarta svIkAra kara lI / 117 balarAma, zrIkRSNa, va duryodhana zarta ke sAkSI bane / I eka rAtri rukmiNI ne svapna dekhA ki vaha zveta baila para sthita vimAna meM AruDha hai / tabhI usakI nidrA bhaMga ho gayI aura eka mahadhika deva mahAzubhra devaloka se cyuta hokara usake udara meM praviSTa huA / zrIkRSNa ne kahA ki munivANI satya ghaTita honevAlI hai / 118 jJAta hone para satyabhAmA ne bhI eka anadekhe svapna kI carcA zrIkRSNa se kI, ve yathArtha ko bhAMpa gaye / saMyoga se donoM rAniyoM ne eka sAtha hI garbha dhAraNa kiyA / rukmiNI gUDhagarbhA thI, usameM bAhya lakSaNa nahIM dikhAyI dete the, para donoM ne eka hI dina putroM ko 115. vahI - 76 116. triSaSTi : 8 /6/110-11 117 (ka) triSaSTi : - / 6 / 112-117 (kha) kucha parivartana ke sAtha - harivaMza meM bhI yahI varNana hai-- dekho hariravaMza 43 / 16-28 118. uttarapurANa meM pradyumna ke pUrvabhavoM ke viSaya meM nArada jI ke sthAna para balabhadra jI kI jijJAsA jagatI hai aura ve ariSTanemi ke gaNadhara varadatta se isa viSaya para prazna karate haiM / kucha nAmoM ke parivartana ke atirikta vivaraNa lagabhaga vahI hai / dhUmaketu pradyumna kA haraNa zrIkRSNa ke aMka se nahIM karatA, apitu vaha aMtaHpura ke sabhI logoM ko mohanidrA meM sulAkara apaharaNa karatA hai / usI prakAra kAlasaMvara ke sthAna para kAlasaMbhava aura kanakamAlA ke sthAna para kaMcanamAlA nAma kA prayoga huA hai /

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 157 janma diyA / rukmiNI ke putra kA nAma pradyumna aura satyabhAmA ke putra kA nAma bhAnu rakhA gyaa|119 zizu pradyumna ko zrIkRSNa aMka meM lie baiThe the ki unheM lagA ki rukmiNI bAlaka ko uThA le gyii| kiMtu, use vaha nahIM le gayI thii| bAlaka kA apaharaNa koI rukmiNI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara le gayA thaa| isase mAtA bar3I du:khI hii|120 pradyamna ke pUrvabhava ke zatru dhUmaketU ne hI rukmiNI kA rUpa dhara apaharaNa kara liyA thA aura vaitADhayagiri para chor3a gayA ki bAlaka bhUkhapyAsa se tar3apa kara prANa tyAga degaa| vidyAdhara kAlasaMvara bAlaka ko uThA le gayA aura usakI nissantAna patnI kanakamAlA use poSita karane lgii| kAlasaMvara ne ghoSita kara diyA ki usakI gaDhagarbhA patnI ne putra ko janma diyA hai| bAlaka kI khoja meM nArada jI ne sahAyatA kii| unase sImaMdhara svAmI se patA lagAne kA anurodha kiyA gayA / sImandhara svAmI ne batAyA-- bAlaka meghakaTa nagara meM kAlasaMvara ke ghara bar3A ho rahA hai, kiMtu pUrvajanma ke karmavaza use abhI solaha varSa vahIM rahanA hogaa| meghakUTa meM ve bAlaka ko sakuzala dekhakara dvArakA lauTe aura zrIkRSNa se sArA vRttAMta kaha sunaayaa| sImaMdhara svAmI ne pradyumna ke pUrvabhavoM kA paricaya bhI nArada jI ko diyaa|121 16 varSa kI Ayu prApta karate-karate pradyumna guNa-zIla aura kalAoM meM hI baDhe-caDhe nahIM ho gaye apitu sundara va AkarSaka yuvaka bhI ho gaye the| kaMcanamAlA una para mugdha ho gayo / rahasyodaghATana karate hue--maiM tumhArI jananI nahIM huuN| usane nimaMtraNa diyA-Ao mere sAtha krIDA kro| pradyumna ne kAlasaMbara aura usake putroM kA bhaya batAkara piDa chur3AnA cAhA ki ve majhe jIvita na chodd'eNge| kAmAMdha kaMcanamAlA ne prajJapti aura gaurI vidyAeM dI aura kahA-inase tuma kabhI kisI se bhI parAjita na ho skoge| pradyumna ne donoM vidyAoM ko siddha bhI kara liyA aura kaMcanamAlA ke prastAva ko anucita batAkara ghara chor3akara cala diyaa| pratizodhavaza kaMcanamAlA ne apane pati-putroM ko ro-rokara kahA-pradyumna merA zIla bhaMga kara gayA hai| pitA-putra usake pIche bhAge aura ghora yuddha huaa| vidyAdhara kI parAjaya huI 116. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/6/18 (kha) harivaMzapurANa 42/26-30 120. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/6/127-126 (kha) bhavabhAvanA : 2646 121. vasudevahiNDI ke anusAra rukmiNI ke vahA~ kRSNa dekhane jAte haiM tabhI koI deva use haraNa kara jAtA hai / dekheM-vasudevahiNDI 10 82

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158 jana-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya aura use sandeha huA ki ise vidyAeM prApta haiM / lauTakara kAlasaMvara ne kaMcanamAlA se apanI vidyAeM lauTAne ko kahA, kiMtu vaha to pradyumna ko de cukI thI / patnI ke durAcAra ko samajhakara usane usakI bhartsanA kI aura prAyazcitta hetu pradyumna ke pAsa lauttaa| tabhI nArada jI A gaye jinheM pradyumna ne prajJapti vidyA se pahacAna liyA aura vaha unake sAtha dvArakA ke lie cala par3e / 122 satyabhAmA prasanna thI; Aja usake putra ke vivAha kA dina thA / rukmiNI udAsa thI / pati-putra yukta hote hue bhI use keza kaTavA kara kurUpa bananA hogA / vaha ciMtAmagna thI ki isI samaya dvAra para laghu muni ne Akara kahA - maiM 16 varSIya dIrgha tapasvI hU~, mujhe AhAra dAna do / ghara meM kevala siMha kesariyA modaka the, jinheM zrIkRSNa hI pacA sakate the / muni ( pradyumna) | sAre modaka khA gye| 123 isI samaya keza kATane ko satyabhAmA kI dAsiyAM A gayIM, kintu pradyumna ne satyabhAmA sahita ina dAsiyoM ko vidyAprayoga se kezarahita kara diyA / zarta pUrI karavAne meM sahAyatA ke lie satyabhAmA zrIkRSNa ke pAsa gayI jinhoMne balarAma ko rukmiNI ke pAsa bhejA / unhoMne zrIkRSNa ko rukmiNI ke pAsa dekhA aura lauTa Aye / rukmiNI ko yaha jAnakara harSa huA ki muni usI kA putra pradyumna hai / vidyA se pradyumna ne duryodhana kI rAjakumArI kA apaharaNa kara liyA / duryodhana ne zrIkRSNa se sahAyatA maaNgii| zrIkRSNa ne kahA- maiM to svayaM 16 varSoM se putra viyogI hU~, sarvajJa nahIM hU~, maiM kyA sahAyatA karUM ? isa para pradyumna ne anumati lekara rAjakumArI ko vahIM upasthita kara diyA aura usakA bhAnu ke sAtha pANigrahaNa karavAyA / 124 isake pUrva apane vAstavika svarUpa meM prakaTa hone ke pahale usane mAtA rukmiNI ko ratha meM biThAkara zrIkRSNa ko lalakArA ki maiM isakA apaharaNa kara le jA rahA hU~, tumameM zakti ho to roko / bhISaNa yuddha huA aura munivezadhArI pradyamna ne zrIkRSNa ko zastravihIna kara diyA / unakI senA bikhara gayI / zrIkRSNa kA dakSiNa netra 122. ( ka ) triSaSTi : 8 / 6 / 130 se 404 (kha) pradyumnacaritra : mahAsenAcArya (ga) pradyumnacaritra mahAkAvya sarga 5 8, pR0 104 le0 ratnacandra gaNI / (gha) pradyumnacaritra anuvAda : cAritravijaya, pR0 145 taka 123. vasudevahiNDI meM modaka ke sthAna para khIra kA varNana AtA hai / dekheM - vasudevahiNDI pR0 95 prathama bhAga 124. triSaSTi : 8 /7/1-5

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prAkRta apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 156 sphurita huA aura usI samaya nArada ne zrIkRSNa ko batAyA ki yaha tumhArA putra pradyumna hI hai jisane siddha kara diyA ki putra pitA se baDhakara hai| 125 zAmba prasaMga : IrSyAvaza satyabhAmA ne zrIkRSNa se kahA- mujhe pradyumna sA ojasvI putra caahie| zrIkRSNa ne aSTamabhakta yukta pauSadhavata grahaNa kiyA aura harinaigameSI ne prakaTa hokara eka hAra dete hue kahA ki jisa strI ko yaha hAra pahanAkara Apa bhoga-vAsanA sevana kareMge use pradyumna sA putra hogaa| jaba zrIkRSNa ne satyabhAmA ko nimaMtrita kiyA to pradyumna prajJapti vidyA se sArA rahasya jAna gye| jAMbavatI ko sArI bAta batAkara use satyabhAmA kA rUpa de diyA aura zrIkRSNa ke pAsa bheja diyaa| vaha dhanya ho gyii| prasanna aura tuSTa mana se vaha lauTa aayii| tabhI satyabhAmA phuNcii| zrIkRSNa Azcarya meM par3a gye| socA satyabhAmA kAmotsuka ho pUnaH AyI hai| unhoMne punaH kroDA ko| tabhI pradyumna ne bherI bajA dii| satyabhAmA kA hRdaya bhaya-kaMpita ho gayA zrIkRSNa jAna gaye ki pradyumna ne satyabhAmA ko chala liyA hai| aba ise kAyara putra hogaa| isakA hRdaya bhaya se jo bhayabhIta ho gayA thaa| kAlAMtara meM jAMbavatI ne putra ko janma diyA jisakA nAma sAMba rakhA gayA / 126 aura, satyabhAmA ke putra kA nAma rakhA gayA bhIru kumaar| vaidarbhI pradyumna pariNaya : rukmiNI apane pitRgRha se bigar3e saMbaMdhoM ko sudhAranA cAhatI thii| bhAI rukmi kI putrI vaidarbhI ke sAtha pradyumna ke vivAha ko acchA sAdhana samajha usane pariNaya prastAva bhejA, kiMtu rukmi ne anAdara pUrvaka use asvIkAra kara diyaa| pradyumna ne mAtA ko Azvasta kiyA kI yaha vivAha avazya hogA aura mAtA kI svIkRti se hogaa| pUrvabhava ke saMbaMdhoM ke kAraNa pradyamna kA sAMba se vizeSa sneha thaa| donoM kinnara aura cANDAla rUpa meM bhojakaTa nagara phNce| rukmi aura vaidarbhI inakI saMgIta kalA se prabhAvita hue| rAjakumArI vaidarbhI ne pUchA-tuma dvArakA se Aye ho to kyA pradyumna ko bhI jAnate ho? inake mukha se pradyumna kI prazaMsA suna vaidarbhI baDI tuSTa aura prasanna huii| rAjA kA hAthI matavAlA hokara vinAza karane lgaa| rAjA ne ghoSaNA kI jo isa hAthI ko vaza meM kara legA use muMha 125. triSaSTi 8/6/48-60 126. uttarapurANa meM saMbhava athavA jAmbakumAra nAma AtA hai|

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160 jaina - paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya mAMgA puraskAra diyA jAegA / pradyumna ne hAthI ko niyaMtrita kara liyA / bhojana meM kaThinAI batAkara rAjakumArI ko puraskAra meM mAMga liyA | kruddha hokara rAjA ne ina logoM ko bAhara nikAla diyA / vidyAbala se pradyumna nagara ke bAhara bhavya mahala banavAyA / eka rAtri ko pradyumna apane vAstavika rUpa meM prajJapti vidyA ke bala se vaidarbhI ke kakSa meM pahu~ca gayA / vaidarbhI kI sahamati se donoM kA gAMdharva vivAha ho gayA / apanA nAma gopanIya rakhane kA nirdeza dekara pradyumna calA gayA / saubhAgya aura pariNaya sUcaka cinhoM ko dekha sabane aneka prazna kiye, para vaidarbhI mUka banI rahI / kupita hokara rAjA ne kinnara cAMDAla ko bulAkara rAjakumArI ko unheM de diyA / nagara bAhara ke mahala meM jaba ye pahu~ce to baMdIjana prazastigAna karane Aye aura sArA rahasya khulA ki kinnara aura cAMDAla to pradyumna-sAMba haiM / rAjA ne inheM sAdara apane mahala meM bulavAyA aura vaidarbhI pradyumna pariNaya saMpanna karAyA / 127 jarAsaMdha yuddha - pravAsI vyApAriyoM se rAjagRha ke jIvayazA ne sunA ki samudra taTa para eka saMpanna nagarI dvArakA hai jahA~ vasudeva putra zrIkRSNa kA zAsana hai | 128 127. ( ka ) triSaSTi : 8 /7/38/86 (kha) pradyumnacaritram -- mahAsenAcArya sarga 8, 6. pR0 86-174 (ga) pradyumnacaritra - ratnacaMda gaNi (gha) vasudevahiNDI - pR0 18 se 100 meM prastuta kathA anya rUpa se AyI hai / vistArabhaya se use yahAM nahIM likhA gayA hai / 128. uttarapurANAnusAra jalamArga se yAtrA karate hue magadha ke kucha vyApArI bhUla se dvArakA pahuMca gaye aura vahAM ke vaibhava se cakita raha gaye / unhoMne vahAM se kucha ratna kharIde aura rAjagRha Akara ye ratna unhoMne jarAsaMdha ko bheMTa kie / amUlya ratna dekhakara jarAsaMdha ne pUchA ki ye ratna kahA~ se lAe gaye haiM, to vyApAriyoM ne dvArAvatI nagarI aura zrIkRSNa kA varNana kiyA / dekheM--71/42-64 pR0 368-376 harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra jarAsaMdha rAjA ke pAsa amUlya maNirAziyoM ke vikrayArtha eka vaNika pahucA / 50 /1-4 pAMDavapurANa (zubhacandrAcArya dvArA racita ) ke anusAra eka vidvAna ne jarAsaMgha ko ratna arpita kie aura unase jJAta huA ki zrIkRSNa yAdavakula sahita jIvita haiM | dekheM - 16 / 8 / 11 pR0 36

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 161 pratizodha kI jvAlA meM jIvayazA phaMka uThI ki, mere pati kA hatyArA aba taka jIvita kaise hai ? jarAsaMdha ne putrI ko zAMta karate hue turanta vizAla senAsahita prayANa kiyaa| nArada ne zrIkRSNa ko yuddha kI pUrva sUcanA de dI aura unhoMne ariSTanemi se yuddha kA pariNAma jAnanA caahaa| ariSTanemi ne muskurA kara "oma" kA uccAraNa kara diyA, jo yUddhArtha unakI sahamati bhI thI aura zrIkRSNa-vijaya kA pUrva saMketa bhii|139 yuddhotsAhita zrIkRSNa sainya saMgaThana karane lge|130 prayANa kara mathurA se 45 yojana dUra senapallI meM zivira sthApita kiyA gyaa|130A yahIM kucha vidyAdharoM ne ekatrita hokara zrIkRSNa se sahayoga kA prastAva kiyA aura kahA-vasudeva, pradyumna, zAMba Adi ko hamAre sAtha jarAsaMdha ke sAmane bheja diyA jAye / hama usake khecara vidyAdharoM ko raNabhUmi taka pahuMcane se rokakara mAyA ke prabhAva se yuddha kI rakSA kara leNge| aisA kiyA bhI gayA / jarAsaMdha kI senA ne yAdava zivira se 4 yojana dUra apanA zivira lgaayaa| zrIkRSNa kI zakti se isa senA meM bar3A AtaMka thaa| maMtrI haMsaka ne jarAsaMdha se kahA ki AkramaNa ke pUrva zatra kA balAbala hameM AMkanA cAhie kyoMki kRSNa pakSa bar3A sazakta hai / jarAsaMdha ne maMtrI ko phaTakAra diyaa| kahA ki maiM yAdavoM kA sarvanAza kara duuNgaa| ___ jarAsaMdha ne eka hajAra Are vAlA cakravyUha racA, jisake keMdra meM vaha svayaM apane putroM va 5000 rAjAoM sahita rhaa| pratyeka Are meM 100 hAthI, 200 ratha, 500 azva aura 16000 sainikoM sahita eka-eka rAjA aura cakra kI paridhi meM 6250 rAjAoM ko niyukta kiyA gayA / pRSThabhAga meM gAMdhAra va saiMdhavasenA, dakSiNa meM 100 kaurava bhI niyukta kiye gye| isake Age zakaTa vyUha racA gayA / yAdavoM ne garuDa vyUha rcaa| ariSTanemI yuddha meM unake sAtha rahe / zakendra ne apanA vizAla ratha bhI sArathI mAtali ke sAtha bhejaa| 126. pAMDavapurANa-19/12-14 pR0 36 130. triSaSTi : 8/7/166. 130a. zvetAMmbara paraMparA ke jaina granthoM ke anusAra ariSTanemi dvArA yaha svIkRti isa kAraNa saMbhava hai ki usa samaya ve 3 jJAna ke dhAraka the aura gRhasthAzrama meM the / ve jAnate the ki prativAsudeva ke sAtha vAsudeva kA yuddha bhI aura usameM vAsudeva kI vijaya bhI sarvathA sunizcita rahatI hai|

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162 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya pracaMDatA ke sAtha hI samarAraMbha haa| donoM pakSoM ke bIca vikaTa ghAta-pratighAta hone lgaa| AraMbha meM hI yAdavoM ke sazakta prahAra se tilamilAkara jarAsaMdha sainya bhAga khar3A huA, para krodha va pratihiMsA kA sAkSAta rUpa jaise bane hue jarAsaMdha ne raNAMgaNa meM Akara jo prahAra kiye to samudravijaya ke aneka putra dharAzAyI ho gye| jarAsaMdha ke 28 putroM kA balarAma ne badha kara diyA to unheM jarAsaMdha ne gadA prahAra se aceta kara diyaa| zrIkRSNa ne jarAsaMdha ke 6 putroM kA vadha kara diyA to usane itanA pracaMDa AkramaNa kiyA ki eka bAra to zrIkRSNa ke vadha ho jAne kA pravAda bhI senA meM vyApta ho gyaa| mAtalI ke anurodha para ariSTanemi ne pauraMdara zaMkhadhvanita kara zatru-pakSa ko kaMpita kara diyA aura bANavarSA se vyApaka saMhAra kiyaa| prativAsudeva kA vadha vAsudeva ke hAthoM hI honA cAhiye isa maryAdAnusAra unhoMne svayaM jarAsaMdha kA vadha nahIM kiyaa|182 aba zrIkRSNa va jarAsaMdha Amane-sAmane the / jarAsaMdha ne aneka vikaTa astra-zastra jaba viphala rahe to usane amogha astra cakra kA prayoga kiyA, para vaha bhI zrIkRSNa kI pradakSiNA kara unake hI hastagata ho gyaa|133 usI samaya ghoSaNA huI ki nauvAM vAsudeva utpanna ho gayA hai| jaba zrIkRSNa ke sAvadhAna karane para bhI jarAsaMdha sanmArga para nahIM AyA to zrIkRSNa ne cakraprahAra se jarAsaMdha kA ziraccheda kara diyA / 134 sarvatra zrIkRSNa kI jaya-jayakAra hone lagI / 135 131. triSaSTi : 8/7/420-426 132. triSaSTi : 8/7/432 133. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/7/446-457 (kha) harivaMzapurANa : 42/67/601 134. vaidika paraMparA meM yuddha kA varNana bhinna hI prakAra kA hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra yuddha nahIM hotA, apitu kevala jarAsaMdha vadha hotA hai| kaMsa vadha ke pazcAt jarAsaMdha zrIkRSNa ko apanA zatru mAna baiThA thaa| usane 17 bAra mathurA para AkramaNa kiyA, kiMtu vijaya use nahIM milii| mathurA kI prajA ko vyartha hI meM pIDita dekhakara zrIkRSNa ne yaha nagara tyAgakara dvArakA kA nirmANa kiyaa| zrIkRSNa isa tathya se avagata the ki yuddha meM jarAsaMdha kA vadha saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH ve bhImasena va arjuna ke brAhmaNa veza meM jarAsaMdha ke darabAra meM phuNce| rAjA ne svAgata kara inake Agamana kA prayojana puuchaa| zrIkRSNa ne zeSa do brAhmaNoM ke viSaya meM kahA ki abhI inakA maunavrata hai| arddharAtri ko vArtA saMbhava hogI, inheM sAdara yajJazAlA meM ThaharAyA gyaa| arddharAtri ko jarAsaMdha yajJazAlA meM pahuMcA / usane kahA--Apa logoM kA teja dekhate hue Apa brAhmaNa to pratIta nahIM hote ? zrIkRSNa ne taba tInoM kA vAstavika paricaya dete hue

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 163 jarAsaMdha kI ora se yuddha karane vAle rAjAoM kI kSamA yAcanA para zrIkRSNa ne unheM abhaya dAna kiyA, jarAsaMdha ke putroM kA bhI svAgata kiyaa| usake eka putra sahadeva ko magadha rAjya ke caturthAMza kA svAmI bnaayaa| samudravijaya suta mahAnemi ko zauryapura kA, hiraNyAbhaputra rukmanAbha ko kauzala kA aura ugrasena putra dhara ko mathurA kA rAjya sauMpA gyaa| zatrusaMhAra asaMbhava ho jAne para pratijJAnusAra jIvayazA ne agnipraveza kara liyA / 138 yAdavoM ne bhavya vijayotsava manAyA aura senapalli kA nAmakaraNa "AnaMdapura" ke rUpa meM kiyA gyaa|137 zrIkRSNa vijayI hokara dvArakA phuNce| yahAM para zrIkRSNa kA ardhacakrezvara ke rUpa meM abhiSeka kiyA gyaa| bANAsura vadha : bANAsura zrInivAsapura kA khecarapati thA jisakI aniMdya-suMdarI kanyA uSA thii| usakI ArAdhanA se prasanna ho gaurIvidyA ne use batAyA apanA prayojana spaSTa kiyA, aura kahA ki tUne kSatriya rAjAoM ko baMdI banAyA hai aura aba unakI mahAdeva ke Age bali denA cAhatA hai / isI kAraNa hama terA vadha karane Ae haiM / tU kSatriya hokara kSatriyoM kA vinAza karanA cAhatA hai| aura, hama kaSTita janoM kAra varaNa karate haiM / yA to baMdI narezoM ko mukta kara de yA saMgharSa ke lie tatpara ho jaa| usane prathama zarta svIkAra na kii| taba zrIkRSNa ne usase vikalpa mAMgA ki hama tInoM meM se kisake sAtha yuddha karanA cAhatA hai ? jarAsaMdha ne bhImasena ko cunaa| donoM ke madhya mallayuddha AraMbha huaa| donoM ne apane-apane aneka kauzala dikhaaye| 14 divasa se yuddha aniNita avasthA meM avirala rUpa se calatA rhaa| caudahaveM divasa jarAsaMdha thaka kara zithila ho gayA thaa| zrIkRSNa ne bhIma ko prerita kiyA ki thakita zatru kA sugamatA se vadha kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhIma ne apanI mujAoM para jarAsaMdha ko uThAkara cAroM ora ghumA diyA aura usako cakkara lagAkara pRthvI para de mArA / ghuTane ke prahAra se usakI pITha kI haDDI tor3a dii| use pRthvI para khUba ragaDA aura aMtataH usakI TAMge pakar3akara cIra ddaalaa| isa prakAra jarAsaMdha yamalokagAmI ho gayA / zrIkRSNa ne baMdI rAjAoM ko mukta kiyA aura jarAsaMdha ke putra sahadeva ko rAjyArUDha kara iMdraprastha lauTa ge| dekheM-mahAbhArata sabhAparva a0 16 se 22 taka / 135. (ka) : triSaSTi 8/7/453-457 (kha) harivaMzapurANa : 52/83-84 pR0 602 136. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/8 137. (ka) vahI : 8/8/28 (kha) harivaMzapurANa : 53/41-42 pR0 606

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164 jaina - paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa-sAhitya ki zrIkRSNa kA pautra, pradyumna kA putra aniruddha usakA pati hogA aura vaha aniruddha ke anurAga meM kho gayI / gaurI vidyA ke priya zaMkaradeva ne bANAsura ko varadAna diyA thA ki vaha sabhI yuddhoM meM ajeya rahegA / gaurI ke satarka karane para zaMkaradeva ne varadAna meM jor3a diyA thA ki "strI viSayaka yuddha ke atirikta" / bANa uSA ke lie viziSTa vara kI khoja meM thA / uSA aniruddha ke svapnoM meM khoyI rahatI thI / vidyAdharI citralekhA rAtri ko soye aniruddha ko uThA lAyI aura uSA ne usake sAtha gAMdharva vivAha kara liyA / ghoSaNApUrvaka jaba aniruddha uSA kA haraNa kara le jAne lagA to bANa ne ghera liyaa| yuddha huA, para aniruddha ajeya rahA to bANAsura ne use nAgapAza meM bAMdha liyA / dvArakA meM prajJapti vidyA se kA patA calane para tatkAla aniruddha zrIkRSNa, balarAma va pradyumna vahAM pahuMca gaye / bANa ne kahA- eka cora ko bacAne do cora (pitA aura pitAmaha) Aye haiM / aMtataH yuddha huA jo vidyAoM aura zastroM ke madhya yuddha thA / vAsudeva zrIkRSNa ne bANAsura kA badha kara diyA aura uSA-aniruddha ko lekara dvArakA A gaye aura unakA vivAha huA / ariSTanemi: pravrajyAgrahaNa 1 bhagavAna ariSTanemi 22 veM tIrthaMkara the jo samudravijaya ke putra the / isa prakAra ve zrIkRSNa ke cacere bhAI the / zrIkRSNa dvArA kaMsa - saMhAra ke samaya ve ATha varSa ke the| 138 jarAsaMdha vadha kara dvArakAdhIza zrIkRSNa trikhaMDezvara ho gaye aura yAdavajana dvArakA nivAsI ho gaye the / 139 ariSTanemi bhI yahIM vikasita ho aba yuvA ho gaye the / eka dina ve rAjya - zastrAgAra meM gaye aura sudarzana ko uMgalI para dhAraNa kara liyA, zAraMga dhanuSa ko mor3a diyA, kaumudI gadA ko kaMdhe para dhAraNa kara liyA aura pAMcajanya zaMkha ko phUMka kara samasta dvArakA ko tharatharA diyaa| 140 mAnyatA thI ki yaha sArA parAkrama zrIkRSNa ke lie hI saMbhava hai - jo mithyA ho gayI thI / zrIkRSNa ariSTanemi ke bala se cakita raha gye| eka dUsare kI phailI bhujA ko jhukAne meM bhI ariSTanemi vijayI rhe| 141 zrIkRSNa ne kahA - bandhu ! jaise balarAma merI zakti ke Age sAre saMsAra ko tRNavat mAnate haiM, vaise hI aba maiM tumhArI 138. jAto aTThavariso, etyaMtare'tha hariNA kaMse viNivAie / uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA, pR0 278 13. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra - parva 8 sarga 5 se 8 (kha) cauppana - mahApurisa-cariyaM 140. bhavabhAvanA pR0 197 (ga) sukhabodhA pR0 278. 141. uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA - 278

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 165 zakti ke samakSa saMsAra ko tinake sA mAnatA hU~ / 142 ve ariSTanemi kA Adara karane lage aura unheM apanI rAjyasattA ke lie cintA bhI hone lagI jo isa ghoSaNA se samApta huI ki ariSTanemi kumArAvasthA meM hI pravrajyAgrahaNa kara leMge / zakti parIkSaNa kA yaha prasaMga harivaMzapurANa meM anya prakAra se bhI varNita hai|143 anAsakta ariSTanemi aura rAjImati ariSTanemi Arambha se hI cintanazIla, gaMbhIra aura anAsakta svabhAva ke the aura Ayu ke sAtha-sAtha unakI isa pravRtti meM bhI vikAsa hotA gyaa| unakI jagadvimukhatA se mAtA-pitA ciMtita the| unhoMne aneka bAra upayukta vivAha prastAva bhI rakhe, kiMtu dIkSotsuka putra asvokAra hI karatA rhaa| ariSTanemi ke parAkrama ko maMda karane ke prayojana se zrIkRSNa bhI unake pariNaya ke pakSa meM the| isa tarka ke sAtha unhoMne ariSTanemi se vivAhArtha Agraha kiyA ki Adi tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne bhI vivAha kiyA thA tathA dAMpatya jIvana bitAyA thaa| aMtataH ve sahamata ho gaye aura zrIkRSNa ne bhojavaMzI rAjA ugrasena kI kanyA rAjImatI ke sAtha unakA saMbaMdha sthira kara diyaa| yathAsamaya varayAtrA Arambha huii| vara ariSTanemi kA ratha jaba kanyA ke dvAra ke samIpa pahu~cA, unhoMne aneka pazu-pakSiyoM ko kA karuNa, Arta svara sunA / pUchane para jJAta huA ki bArAta ke sAmiSa bhojana ke lie aneka paza pakSiyoM ko samIpa hI meM ekatrita kara rakhA hai| karuNArdra ariSTanemi ne pazu pakSiyoM ko mukta karA diyA aura toraNa se hI lauTa kara dvArakA pahu~ca gye| utsava apUrNa aura vAtAvaraNa zokAkula ho gyaa|144 ariSTanemi ne mAMsAhAra ke viruddha saphala vidroha jana-jana meM phailA diyaa| dvArakA meM eka varSa taka varSIdAna kara unhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| rAjImatI ne bhI saMyama grahaNa kiyaa| vaidika paraMparA meM rAdhA aura kRSNa ko jo sthAna prApta hai, jaina paraMparA meM vaisA hI sthAna rAjImatI aura ariSTanemi kA hai| rAjImatI ke mana meM bhautika vAsanA ke lie koI sthAna na thaa| vaha 142. (ka) triSaSTi 8/9, 25 se 26 pR0 130-136 / (kha) uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA, pa0 278 (ga) bhavabhAvanA 3026 (gha) kalpasUtra subodhikA ttiikaa| 143. harivaMzapurANa : AcArya jinasena pR0 55 144. uttara purANa meM varNita hai ki ariSTanemi ke mana meM karuNA ko prabala banA kara unheM virakta kara dene ke prayojana se svayaM zrIkRSNa ne hI bAr3e meM pazuoM ko ekatrita karavAyA thaa|

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jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya deha kI nahIM dehI kI upAsikA thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha bhI ariSTanemi ke hI mArga para bar3hI aura unase bhI pahale mukta ho gyii|145 draupadI svayaMvara kathA rAjA drupada kI sutA draupadI jaina paramparA meM satI-ziromaNi ke rUpa meM mAnya hai| pAMcAla nareza kI rAjyakanyA hone ke kAraNa use "pAMcAlI" bhI kahA jAtA hai| usakI mAtA kA nAma cUlanI thA / draupadI svayaMvara hetu aneka rAjA-yuvarAjoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA gayA thaa| prathama nimaMtraNa zrIkRSNa aura dazA) ko bhejA gayA thaa|146 ve drapada kI rAjadhAnI kaMpilapura phNce| aneka zUra vIra nareza upasthita the kitu isase avicalita draupadI ne varamAlA pA~coM pAMDavoM ko dhAraNa karA dii|147 eka kanyA dvArA pA~ca puruSoM kA varaNa yaha adbhuta aura abhUtapUrva prasaMga thaa| kyA yaha anItiyukta nahIM hai ? aba rAjA drupada kyA kare? nItimAna zrIkRSNa ke mata kI hI pratIkSA sabhI karane lge| zrIkRSNa ne draupadI ke kRtya meM aucitya kA anumodana kara diyA aura draupadI kA vivAha pA~coM pAMDavoM ke sAtha saMpanna ho gayA / 148 zrIkRSNa ke isa mata kI ki draupadI ne koI anucita kArya nahIM kiyA hai, puSTi bhI tatkAla ho gayI, jaba eka cAraNa labdhidhArI zramaNa ne bhI yaha spaSTa kiyA ki karmaphalAnusAra draupadI ko aisA hI karanA thA, cAhe yaha loka paraMparAnurUpa na lge| usane pUrvabhava meM nidAna hI aisA kiyA thaa| 145. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana pR0 64 le0 __ devendra muni shaastrii| 146. (ka) jJAtAsUtra adhyAya 16 (kha) triSaSTi : 8/10 / 147. (ka) jJAtAsUtra a0 16. (kha) pAMDavacaritra-devaprabhasUri sarga 4 / 148. vaidika paraMparA meM bhI draupadI ke 5 pati to haiM, kiMtu usane svayaMvara sabhA meM pAMcoM kA varaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| svayaMvara meM rAdhAvedha kI kasauTI rakhI gayI thI, aura arjuna usameM saphala rahA thaa| dropadI ne arjuna ko hI varamAlA pahanAI thii| arjuna ne mAtA kuMtI se kahA ki mAM maiM eka asAdhAraNa vastu lekara AyA huuN| mAM ne isa bAta ko sahajatA ke sAtha liyA aura arjuna se kahA ki lAe ho to pAMcoM bhAI use bAMTa lo| pAMDava caritra meM devaprabhasUri ne bhI rAdhAvedha kA citraNa kiyA hai| arjuna ke saphala rahane para draupadI ne use varamAlA phnaaii| kiMtu, draupadI kA mana pAMcoM pAMDavoM ke prati anurakta thA, isa kAraNa mAlA pAMcoM ke gale meM dikhAI dene lgii|

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 167 munirAja ne draupadI kI pUrvabhava kathA bhI kahI ki, kabhI caMpAnagarI meM tIna brAhmaNa sahodara rahA karate the| eka bhAI somadatta ke yahA~ tInoM kA bhojana thA aura usakI patnI nAgazrI ne kaI vyaMjana taiyAra kiye, para tumbI kI zAka kar3avI hone ke kAraNa nahIM rkhii| usane vaha zAka dharmaruci aNagAra ko baharA dii| AcArya ghoSa ne vikRti bhA~pa kara kisI nirdoSa sthAna para zAka DAla dene kA Adeza diyaa| thor3A sA zAka bhUmi para girA aura aneka cIMTiyA~ mara gayIM to dharmaruci ko anukampA ho AyI aura zeSa zAka svayaM khAkara unhoMne samAdhipUrvaka deha tyAga dii| isa ghaTanA se sabhI nAgazrI kI bhartsanA karane lge| pati ne use ghara se hI nikAla diyaa| aneka kaSTa pAkara jaba usakI mRtyu huI to naraka meM gayI, phira cAMDAlinI bnii| yaha krama calatA rahA / eka bhava meM vaha sAgaradatta seTha kI putrI sukumArikA ke rUpa meM jnmii| pitA ne jinadatta ke putra sAgara ke sAtha sukumArikA kA vivAha kara diyA aura sAgara ko ghara-javA~I rakha liyaa| sukumArikA se sAgara ko sukha na milaa| usakA deha to aMgAroM kI bhA~ti dAhaka thA / AtaMkita sAgara sukumArikA ko tyAga kara calA gayA / kanyA kA vivAha taba anya yuvaka se huA aura vaha bhI chor3a bhaagaa| pitA ne yaha pariNAma putrI ke pApodaya kA maanaa| sukumArikA ne sAdhvI gopAlikA ke pAsa saMyama grahaNa kara liyA aura chaha tapa Arambha kiyaa| guru kI anumati na hone para bhI vaha udyAna meM sUrya AtApanA lene lgii| udyAna meM vezyA devadattA apane pA~ca premiyoM ke saMga krIr3A kara rahI thii| sAdhvI ke caMcala mana meM vAsanA aMgar3AiyA~ lene lgii| usane nidAna kiyA ki isa tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa maiM bhI pAMca patiyoM vAlI banUM / sAdhvI kA jIva hI vartamAna meM draupadI ke rUpa meM hai| munirAja ne kahA ki lokarIti ke viruddha AcaraNa se ki yaha pAMca patiyoM vAlI hai, isakI niMdA to ho sakatI hai, kiMtu pUrvakRta tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa use mahAna satI kA gaurava bhI prApta hogaa| kauravoM ke mana meM rAjya-lobha jAgA aura pAMDavoM se rAjya chIna liyaa| rAjya ko punaH hastagata karane ke liye yudhiSThira ne dyUta kA sahArA liyaa| unhoMne draupadI ko bhI jue ke dAMva para lagA diyA aura hAra gye| duryodhana ne draupadI ko to lauTA diyA para samasta rAjyAdhikAra usI ke pAsa raha gye| pAMDavoM ko vanavAsa milaa| vanavAsa kI avadhi pUrNa huI aura pAMDava dvArakA pahuMce aura sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| dazA) kI putriyoM se inake vivAha bhI hue|

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168 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya draupadI-haraNa : zrIkRSNa dvArA uddhAra : kalahapriya nArada jI Upara se zAMta aura gaMbhIra, bhadra aura vinIta to lagate the, kiMtu ve kaluSita hRdaya bhI kama na the|150 kisI samaya ve pAMDavoM ke rAjabhavana meM aaye| mAtA kuMtI aura pAMDavoM ne unakA atizaya Adara satkAra kiyA, kiMtu unheM asaMyata, avirata, apratihata, pratyAkhyAta, pApakarmA mAnakara draupadI ne aisA nahIM kiyA, na hI unakI paryupAsanA kii| 51 isa upekSA se ruSTa nArada jI ne socA-draupadI garviSThA ho gayI hai, usakA apriya karanA hI mere lie zreyaskara hai| 52 unhoMne socA, pativiyoga se bar3A koI kaSTa kisI satI nArI ke lie nahIM ho sakatA, kiMtu unheM yaha vizvAsa bhI thA ki zrIkRSNa ke bhaya se dakSiNa bharatArddha kA koI rAjA draupadI kA apaharaNa karane ko tatpara na hogaa| ataH ve dhAtakI khaNDa ke bharata kSetra kI rAjadhAnI amarakaMkA pahuMce, jahAM padmanAbha nAmaka rAjA kA zAsana thA / usake aMtaHpura meM 700 saMdarI rAniyAM thiiN| apane isa vaibhava para gavita hote hae usane pUchA, RSirAja, Apane aisI suMdariyAM anyatra bhI kabhI dekhI haiM ?153 upahAsa ke svara meM nArada jI ne uttara diyA ki yadi tuma ise hI suMdaratA mAnate ho to phira yaha jAnate hI nahIM ki saMdaratA kahate kise haiM ? pAMDava rAnI draupadI ke sauMdarya ke sAmane tumhArI rAniyAM to kucha bhI nahIM haiN| draupadI prApti kI kAmanA se prerita rAjA padamanAbha ne sAMgatika deva (pAtAlavAsI) ko AjJA dI ; jo sotI huI draupadI ko amarakaMkA-rAjabhavana meM le aayaa| prAtaH jAgRta hone para eka parapuruSa ko samIpa pAkara vaha sakucA gayI aura paristhiti ko samajha na skii| rAjA ne use Azvasta karate hue apanA vaibhava evaM parAkramapUrNa paricaya diyA aura Agraha kiyA ki draupadI use apanA le / Asanna saMkaTa se avagata ho draupadI ne rAjA ko saceta kiyA ki tumane chalapUrvaka merA apaharaNa kiyA hai| tumhArI kuzalatA isI meM hai ki 150. imaM ca NaM kacchullaNArae daMsaNeNaM aibhaddae viNIe aMto aMtoya klushie| -jJAtAdharma a0 16 pR0 461 151. (ka) jJAtAdharma adhyAya 16 pR0 464 (kha) triSaSTizalAkA 8/10/2 (ga) harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra draupadI AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane meM vyasta thI, __ ataH usane nArada kI ora dekhA nahIM-harivaMzapurANa 54/5 / / 152. (ka) jJAtAdharma kathA a. 16 (kha) harivaMzapurANa 54/6-7; triSaSTi 8/10/3 153. (ka) triSaSTizalAkA : 8/10/5-6 (kha) harivaMzapurANa 54/8-6

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166 prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA mujhe punaH hastinApura ke rAjabhavana meM pahuMcA do, anyathA zrIkRSNa tumhArA sarvanAza kara deNge| ve mere bhrAtA haiM / 154 daMbhI padmanAbha ne aTTahAsa-pUrvaka kahA ki zrIkRSNa kA isa dhAtakI khaNDa meM koI vaza nahIM hai| yahAM ke vAsudeva kapila haiM, zrIkRSNa nhiiN| isa laMpaTa se AtmarakSA ke lie nIti hI sahAyaka ho sakatI hai-aisA mAna kara draupadI ne rAjA se kahA ki, strI apane pati ke prema ko itanA zIghra kaise bhUla sakatI hai ? mujhe kucha avasara do / usane eka mAha kI avadhi maaNgii|155 isa avadhi meM yadi mujhe koI lene nahIM AyA to maiM ApakI ho jaauuNgii| rAjA ne ise svIkAra kara liyaa| draupadI ne abhigraha liyA ki maiM pati ke binA eka mAha taka bhojana nahIM kruuNgii| hastinApura meM draupadI kI khoja hone lgii| asaphala pAMDavoM ne mAtA kuMtI se nivedana kiyA ki dvArakA jAkara ve zrIkRSNa se sahAyatA mAMge / zrIkRSNa ne pakkA AzvAsana diyaa| kAlAMtara meM nArada jI dvArakA Ae to 'zrIkRSNa ne kahA--draupadI Aja kala kisI ajJAta sthala para hai| Apa sarvatra vihArI haiN| zAyada Apane use kahIM dekhA ho ? zrIkRSNa ko unase patA cala gayA ki draupadI kA apaharaNa kara use amarakaMkA le jAyA gayA hai| unhoMne isa Azaya kA saMdeza hastinApura bhejakara pAMDavoM ko sUcanA dI ki ve caturaMgiNI senAsahita vaitAlika samudra taTa para merI pratIkSA kreN| vahAM pahuMcane para samudra pAra karane kI samasyA aayii| zrIkRSNa ne lavaNasamudra ke adhiSThAyaka deva susthira kI ArAdhanA kara usase Agraha kiyA ki vaha unake rathoM ko amarakaMkA pahuMcA de| samudra ne deva ke prabhAva se mArga de diyA aura chahoM ratha amarakaMkA pahuMca gye| zrIkRSNa kI AjJA se unakA sArathI dAruka padmanAbha ke pAsa pahuMcA aura atyaMta kaThoratA ke sAtha use apane svAmI kA saMdeza dete hue kahA ki, Aja agara tU jIvita rahanA cAhatA hai to draupadI devI ko vAsudeva zrIkRSNa ko sauMpa de, anyathA yuddha ke liye bAhara aa|156 ahaMkArI padmanAbha ne draupadI ko lauTAne se inakAra kara diyA aura yuddha kI cunautI svIkAra kara lii| vaha senAsahita nagara se bAhara aayaa| 154. jJAtAdharmakathA, harivaMzapurANAdi ke anusAra zrIkRSNa draupadI ke pati ke bhAI the| 155. (ka) harivaMzapurANa meM bhI eka mAsa kI carcA hai| kiMtu jJAtAdharma kathA meM yaha avadhi 6 mAsa kI hai / draupado SaSTha-SaSTha AyaMbila tapa karatI huI rahane lgii| dekheM-jJAtAdharmakathA-a0 16. (kha) triSaSTi 8/10/20 (ga) harivaMzapurANa 54/36 156. jJAtAdharma0 a0 16

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170 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya zrIkRSNa ne pAMDavoM se pUchA ki yuddha maiM karU~gA yA tuma ? pAMDavoM ne kahA hama hI yuddha kareMge / Apa dekhiye / Aja yA to hama haiM, yA rAjA pdmnaabh| zrIkRSNa ne kahA ki tuma yaha kahate ho ki rAjA hama haiM, padmanAbha nahIM to tumhArI yaha gati na hotii| maiM rAjA ha~, padmanAbha nahIM-yaha pratijJA kara maiM yuddha karatA hU~, tuma dekho|157 __yaha kaha kara rathArUr3ha zrIkRSNa padmanAbha ke samakSa Aye / 158 unhoMne pAMcajanya zaMkha phUMkA to zatrusainya kA tRtIya bhAga naSTa ho gayA / zAraMga dhanuSa ke TaMkAra se anya tRtIyAMza chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| AtaMkita padmanAbha nagara meM ghusa gayA aura dvAra baMda karavA diye| zrIkRSNa vaikriyalabdhi se vizAla nRsiha rUpa meM vikUvita hae aura unhoMne ghora garjana sahita pathvI para pAda prahAra kiyaa| durga kI prAcIreM dhvasta ho gyiiN| nagara meM trAhi-trAhi maca gyii|159 bhayAtura padamanAbha snAna kara gIle vastroM meM nAriyoM ko sAtha lekara draupadI sahita zrIkRSNa ke pAsa AyA aura kSamA yAcanA pUrvaka draupadI ko lauTA diyA / 160 usa samaya dhAtakI khaNDa meM munisuvrata kA samavasaraNa cala rahA thA jisameM kapila vAsudeva bhI upasthita thaa| pAMcajanya kI dhvani se jaba vaha cauMka uThA to11 munirAja ne use Azvasta karate hue kahA ki yaha bharata ke vAsudeva zrIkRSNa kI zaMkhadhvani hai aura draupadI-apaharaNa kA vRttAMta kaha sunaayaa| kapila zrIkRSNa se bheTa karane Atura ho uThe, kiMtu do vAsudevoM kA milana saMbhava nahIM hai| ve rathArUDha ho samadra taTa para Aye aura dUra se zaMkhadhvani kii| uttara meM zrIkRSNa ne pAMcajanya Asphurita kiyaa| donoM mahAna zaMkhadhvaniyoM kA milana huaa|18 tadanaMtara kapila vAsudeva ne padmanAbha ko 157. triSaSTi : 8/10/51 158. jaina graMthoM meM yaha bhI carcA hai ki pahale pAMDavoM ne yuddha kiyA para padmanAbha ke para krama ke samakSa ve Tika na pAye taba pAMDavoM ke anurodha para zrIkRSNa ne yuddhAraMbha kiyaa|--jain zrIkRSNa kathA : madhukara muni pR0 263. 156. triSaSTizalAkApuruSa : 8/10/46-58 / / 160. (ka) jJAtAdharmakathA a0 16 (kha) triSaSTizalAkA : 8/20/60-63 (ga) pAMDavacaritra sarga 17 pR0 537-546 / (gha) harivaMzapurANa 54/52/51. 161. (ka) jJAtAdharmakathA a0 16 (kha) triSaSTi : 8/10/65-66 162 vahI 8/10/68-73

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 171 pratADita kara apadastha kara diyA aura usake putra ko zAsaka banA diyA / 163 rathamardana nagara va pANDumathurA kI sthApanA : draupadI uddhAra ke pazcAt amarakaMkA se lauTate samaya kRSNa susthira deva se bheMTa karane ko pIche raha gaye aura pANDavoM ne naukA se lavaNasamadra kI mahAnadI gaMgA ko pAra kara liyA aura naukA ko zrIkRSNa ke lie vApasa na bheja kara use chipA diyA / 164 zrIkRSNa bhujAoM se jala cIrate hue dhArA pAra karane jge| 62 yojana caur3I dhAra thii| zrIkRSNa thaka gye| gaMgA ne sthala banA diyA jisa para kucha vizrAma kara unhoMne zeSa dhArA ko pAra kiyaa| pAMDavoM kI zakti ke viSaya meM unake mana meM prazaMsA kA bhAva thA ki unhoMne binA sahAre ke dhArA ko pAra kara liyaa| jaba unheM jJAta huA ki pAMDavoM ne naukA se dhArA pAra kI, to pUchA ki mere lie naukA kyoM nahIM bhejI? pAMDavoM ne kahA ki hama ApakI zakti-parIkSA lenA cAhate the / 165 zrIkRSNa ne roSapUrvaka kahA ki draupadI uddhAra ke pazcAta bhI parIkSA zeSa raha gayI thI kyA ? dekho merI zakti-yaha kaha kara eka lohadaMDa ke prahAra se unhoMne ratha naSTa kara diye| yahAM para bAda meM rathamardana nagara basa gyaa|166 dvArakA prasthAna ke pUrva zrIkRSNa ne pAMDavoM ko nirvAsana kA Adeza de diyaa|167 hastinApura pahuMca kara pAMDava bar3e ciMtita rahe ki aba nirvAsita hokara ve kahAM raheM ? samasta dakSiNa bharatArddha ke svAmI to zrIkRSNa haiM / usase bAhara kauna sI Thaura hai? unhoMne mAtA kuMtI ko isa samAdhAna ke lie zrIkRSNa ke pAsa dvArakA bhejaa|168 zrIkRSNa ne samAdhAna diyA ki pAMDava dakSiNa dizA meM vaitADhya taTa para pAMr3a matharA basAkara mere pracchanna sevaka banakara raheM / pAMDavoM ne aisA hI kiyA aura hastinApura tyAgakara pAMDu mathurA basAyI (169 zrIkRSNa ne apanI bhaginI subhadrA aura arjuna ke putra abhimanyu ke putra parIkSita ko hastinApura ke rAjyAsana para abhiSikta kiyaa| gajasukumAla : devakI kA AThavAM putra eka prAtaH do muni devakI ke dvAra para Aye aura devakI ne unheM kesariyA modaka se pratilaMbhita kiyaa| kucha samaya bAda vaisA hI muniyugma 163. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/10/74-75 (kha) pAMDavacaritra devaprabhasUri sarga 17 164. triSaSTi : 8/10/77-80 165. vahI-6/10/85 (kha) jJAtAsUtra a0 16 166. triSaSTi : 8/10/86.87 167. vahI-8/10/88 168. pAMDava caritra sarga 17 166. antagaDasUtra

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172 jaina - paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya phira pahu~cA aura devakI ko Azcarya huA, kyoMki vaha jAna rahI thI ki ve hI muni punaH Aye, jabaki isa hetu muni eka ghara meM dubArA nahIM jAte / kucha hI paloM meM vaisA yugma aura pahu~cA / devakI ko bhramita dekha kara abakI bAra muniyoM ne spaSTa kiyA ki ve eka se lagane vAle 6 muni haiM jo paraspara bhAI haiM 1170 cha bhAiyoM ke tathya se devakI ke mana meM ina muniyoM ke prati agAdha mamatA jAgRta ho gayI / usake bhI 6 putra kaMsa ke hAthoM mAre gaye the (devakI aisA hI jAnatI thI) / use atimukta muni kA pUrvakathana smaraNa ho AyA ki devakI tere ATha putra hoMge aura sabhI jIvita raheMge / vaha ulajhana meM par3a gayI ki saMkhyA 8 rahI, na hI sabhI jIvita rahe / munivANI asatya kaise ho sakatI hai ? bhagavAna ariSTanemi ne samAdhAna kiyA ke tere sabhI putra jIvita haiM / ve muni tere hI putra haiM aura bhagavAna ne sulasA prasaMga kA varNana kara diyA / 171 1 usake sAtoM putra jIvita haiM - isa tathya se harSa ke bAvajUda devakI ke mana meM yaha tIvra asaMtoSa vyApta ho gayA ki usakA vAtsalyabhAva to atRpta hI raha gayA / vaha kisI bhI putra kI zaizava lIlA kA AnaMda nahIM uThA sakI / bhagavAna ne devakI ke pUrvabhava ke eka prasaMga kA varNana karate hue kahA ki tumane apanI sapatnI ke 7 ratna curA liye the aura jaba vaha bahuta royI to tumane use eka ratna lauTA diyA thA / ataH isa bhava meM tumhAre 7 ratna china gaye aura eka phira se mila gayA / devakI ne apane atRpta vAtsalya ke duHkha kI carcA karate hue hue zrIkRSNa se kahA ki maiM eka bhI putra kA lAlana-pAlana nahIM kara sakI / atimukta muni kI ghoSaNA bhI 8 putroM kI thI, jabaki tuma 7 hI sahodara ho / zrIkRSNa ne harinaigamaiSI | deva kI ArAdhanA kI / deva ne sAkSAta hokara kahA ki devakI ko davA~ putra hogA, para vaha yauvana meM hI pravrajyA grahaNa kara legA 1172 1 devakI kI manokAmanA pUrNa ho gayI / AThaveM putra kA nAma gajasukumAla rakhA gayA / bar3A hone hara usakA vivAha druma rAjA kI putrI prabhAvatI ke sAtha karAyA gayA / zrIkRSNa ne usakA vivAha soma zarmA kI brAhmaNa kanyA somA ke sAtha bhI karavAyA / bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke samavasaraNa meM turaMta hI gajasukumAla ne dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura vaha zmazAna meM jAkara kAyotsarga meM lIna ho gayA / use dhyAnalIna dekha somazarmA kruddha ho gayA ki ise 171 . vahI 170. antagaDasUtra 172. (ka) jJAtAdharmakathA a0 16. 132. pR0 48-49 (kha) triSaSTi 8 /10/89-92

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 173 yahI karanA thA to merI putrI kA jIvana kyoM naSTa kiyA ? gIlI miTTI kA gherA tapasvI ke mastaka para banAkara usameM usane citA ke aMgAre bhara diye / muni gajasukumAla ne yaha bhayaMkara upasarga sahana kara liyA aura zarIra tyAga kara mukta ho gaye / 178 gajasukumAla ke sAtha meM vasudeva ke atirikta 8 dazAha sahita aneka yAdavoM ne dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thI / devakI, rohiNI va kanakAvatI ko chor3a vasudeva kI zeSa rAniyAM, aneka yAdava kumAriyoM ke sAtha sAdhvI ho gayIM thIM / AgAmI prAtaH zrIkRSNa jaba bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa meM gaye to gajasumAla ko na dekhakara usake viSaya meM puuchaa| bhagavAna ne kahA ki usane to kala hI mokSa prApta kara liyA, use eka sahAyaka jo mila gayA thA / zrIkRSNa bhagavAna kI gUr3ha vANI kA artha samajha gaye - avazya hI kisI ne use kaThora upasarga diyA hai aura unake netra raktAbha ho uThe / prabhu ne kahA ki usa para krodha karanA vyartha hai / lauTate samaya vaha tumheM nagara dvAra para mila jAegA aura tumheM dekhakara svataH hI vaha mara jAegA / zrIkRSNa ko nagara praveza ke samaya somazarmA mila gayA jo unake bhaya se AtaMkita ho gira par3A aura zrIkRSNa ke hAthI ke pairoM tale kucalakara mara gayA / 174 mahAbhArata prasaMga yudhiSThira, bhIma, arjuna, nakula aura sahadeva - ye pA~coM bhAI rAjA pAMDu ke putra hone se pAMDava kahalAte the / inakI mAtA kuntI vasudeva kI sahodarA thI aura isa prakAra pAMDavoM ke sAtha zrIkRSNa kA sambandhajanya sneha thA / 175 pAMDu ke 'anuja dhRtarASTra ke sau putra kaurava kahalAte the / duryodhana jyeSTha thA / pAMDava hastinApura ke aura kaurava indraprastha ke svAmI the / yudhiSThira nyAyapriya, satyavAdI aura sadAcArI the aura dharmarAja kahalAte the, jaba ki duryodhana anyAyI, anAcArI aura durAtmA thA, usakA nAma hI duryodhana thA / pAMDavoM ke vaibhava, puNya aura kIrti se use bar3I IrSyA thI, aura unakA rAjya vaha har3apa lenA cAhatA thA / bala se vijaya kI AzA na hone para chala ko usane sAdhana banAyA / dyUtakrIr3A meM parAjita kara duryodhana ne pAMDavoM kA saba kucha chIna liyA, yahA~ taka kI draupadI para bhI adhikAra kara liyA aura bharI sabhA meM duHzAsana ne usakA cIraharaNa kiyA aura duryodhana ne use apanI nirvastra 174. vahI 173. antagaDasUtra 175. pAMDavacaritra - devaprabha sUri

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174 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya jaMghA para baiThane ko kahA / balazAlI nRpati aura kula ke gurujana bhI mauna ho dekhate rahe / kisI ne isa anAcAra kA virodha nahIM kiyaa| bhIma ne pratijJA kI-maiM duHzAsana kI ina bAhoM ko ukhAr3akara aura duryodhana kI jaMghA cIrakara hI dama luuNgaa| parAjita pAMDavoM ko 12 varSa vanavAsa aura terahaveM varSa meM ajJAtavAsa svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| isa avadhi meM duryodhana pAMDavoM ko naSTa karane ke kucakra karatA rhaa| avadhi pUrNa haI aura pAMDavajana virATanagara meM prakaTa hue| zrIkRSNa, kuntI, draupadI sahita pAMDavoM ko dvArakA le aaye|176 aura, kauravoM ke anyAya atyAcAra se ve kSa bdha ho utthe| duryodhana ko zrIkRSNa kA sandeza nItijJa zrIkRSNa ne drupada ke purohita ke sAtha duryodhana ko sandeza bhejaa| droNAcArya, bhISma, kRpAcArya azvatthAmA, zalya, jayadratha, kRtavarmA, bhagadatta, karNa, vikarNa, suzarmA, zakuni, bhUrizravA, cedirAja, duHzAsana Adi kaurava rAjasabhA meM upasthita the| tabhI zrIkRSNa kA saMdeza phuNcaa| 13 varSa vanavAsa aura ajJAtavAsa bhoga kara hI pAMDava aba prakaTa hae haiM aura virATa rAjakumArI uttarA se unhoMne abhimanyu kA pariNaya bhI saMpanna kiyA hai| ve kauravoM se sneha rakhate haiN| aba pAMDavoM ko svaccha mana se hastinApura bulaaeN| bhAiyoM ke madhya saMpatti ke baMTavAre kA manamuTAva acchA nahIM hotaa| tumane nahIM balAyA, to bhI yadhiSThira ko anya bhAI,yahA~ laayeNge| sambhava hai yaddha ho aura indraprastha bhI tumhArA na rhe| taba tumheM vana-vana bhaTakanA par3a sakatA hai| pAMDavoM ko nirbala samajhane meM bhUla mata karanA / jahA~ dharma hai vahAM vijaya hai aura jahA~ dharma hai vahIM maiM bhI huuN| viveka ke sAtha vicAra kara lo jisase bAda meM pachatAvA na rhe| duryodhana to isa saMdeza se bhar3aka utthaa| kopAbhibhUta ho kahane lagA ki yuddha meM pAMDava to kyA zrIkRSNa bhI hama se jIta nahIM skte| maiM unakI kIrti dhvasta kara duuNgaa| jA, apane kRSNa se kahanA ki kurukSetra kI samara bhUmi meM hamAre samakSa apane bala kA pradarzana kreN| dUta ne zrIkRSNa ko avagata karAyA ki unakI maitrI bhAvanA se aprabhAvita ahaMkArI duryodhana 176. mahAbhArata ke anusAra kevala pAMDava aura draupadI hI vanavAsa meM gaye the, mAtA kuMtI nahIM, jaina graMthoM ke anusAra vaha bhI gayI thii| 177. mahAbhArata ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ke nirdeza para rAjA drupada ne apane purohita ko bhejaa| dekheM-mahAbhArata, udyogaparva a0 20 vAM /

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 175 pAMDavoM ko tuccha mAnatA hai aura use parAjita karake hI pAMDava apane adhikAra prApta kara skeNge| dhRtarASTra kA sandeza paristhitiyoM kI viSamatA ko dekha dhRtarASTra ne dharmarAja ke pAsa saMjaya dvArA sandeza bhejA ki tuma 178 vivekazIla ho, jJAnIjana svArtha tyAga kara bhrAtahita meM aneka utsarga karate haiN| yuddha bhayAnaka pariNAmadAyaka hotA hai / aparAjaya kA vizvAsI pAtra bhI kabhI parAsta ho jAtA hai| duryodhana ke kathana para kAna na dekara tuma zubhAzubha kA nirNaya viveka buddhi se karo, yaddha na hone do / yudhiSThira ne uttara meM kahA ki dhRtarASTra eka bAta kahanA bhUla gaye ki anyAya kA pratikAra bhI nyAya hai / anyAyI kA anyAya sahana karanA anyAya ko prazraya denA hai| aisI sahiSNutA svayaM meM anyAya hai|179 pitA bhI durAcArI ho to vaha tyAjya hotA hai / duryodhana to tumhArA putra hI hai| durAcArI apane mitroM, rakSakoM aura sahAyakoM kA bhI vinAza kara dete haiN| zrIkRSNa dvArA dUta kArya zrIkRSNa cAhate the ki yuddha ke binA rAjyAdhikAra kI yaha samasyA sulajha jAya / duryodhana ko sanmArga para lAne ke prayojana se ve svayaM usake pAsa gye| usane bhavya svAgata kara zrIkRSNa ko ratnAsana diyaa| unhoMne kahAsaMjaya kadAcit saMdhi-prastAva lAyA thA, para vaha dharmarAja ke samakSa rakha na sakA, rakhatA to bhI vaha svIkRta na hotA / yadi yuddha huA to vaha kauravoM ke lie mahAvinAzakArI siddha hogaa| isa pariNAma se azAnta ho, maiM pAMDavoM ko jatAye binA hI yahA~ calA aayaa|180 zrIkRSNa ne duryodhana se kahA ki pAMDavoM ko yadi thor3A sA rAjya bhI zAMti ke sAtha tumane na diyA to ve paramavIra kauravoM kA sarvanAza kara deNge| mithyA daMbha aura svArtha kA tyAga karane meM hI tumhAre kula kA hita hai| tuma pAMDavoM ko 5 gA~va de do| unake pratiSThA ko rakSA bhI ho jAyagI aura unheM bhI sira chipAne kI jagaha bhI mila 178. mahAbhArata ke anusAra saMjaya dUta banakara pAMDavoM ke pAsa jAtA hai| usameM dhRtarASTra saMjaya ko saMdeza dete haiM / usameM dhRtarASTra kA AMtarika prema pAMDavoM ke prati jhalaka rahA hai| -mahAbhArata udyogaparva a0 22 vAM 179. mahAbhArata meM bhI dharmarAja saMjaya ko kahate haiM ki maiM saMdhi ke lie tatpara ho sakatA hUM yadi dUryodhana merA iMdraprastha kA rAjya punaH mujhe de de| 180. mahAbhArata ke anusAra zrIkRSNa pAMDavoM ke vicAra-vimarza ke pazcAta hI zAMti vArtA ke lie gye|

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176 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya jaaygii|181 pAMDava mere parAmarza para isa alpa-prApti para bhI saMtoSa kareMge, anyathA vinAzakArI mahAyuddha avazyaMbhAvI hai| duryodhana ne haThapUrvaka zrIkRSNa kA prastAva ThukarA diyA aura pAMDavoM ke sAtha zrIkRSNa ko bhI zakti parIkSaNa ke lie cunautI dii| yahI nahIM, vaha karNa ke sahayoga se zrIkRSNa ko baMdI bhI banAnA cAhatA thaa| jJAna hone para zrIkRSNa ne kahA ki kyA kabhI zRgAla ne bhI siMha ko bA~dhA hai? tuma loga durAtmA ho-upakAraka kA bhI apakAra karanA cAhate ho|182 bhISma pitAmaha kA prayatna ___ zrIkRSNa kA yaha roSa bhISma pitAmaha ko kauravoM ke lie vinAzakArI lgaa| unhoMne snehapUrvaka zrIkRSNa se kahA ki bijalI ke uttApa se aprabhAvita rahakara megha sadA zItala jala hI barasAte haiN| Apa bhI duryodhana ke vyavahAra se kUpita na honaa| yadi yaha yuddha ho hI to merI icchA hai ki Apa isa yuddha meM bhAga na leN| zrIkRSNa ne kahA ki pAMDava mere Azrita haiN| mere saMrakSaNa meM hI ve yuddha kreNge| kiMtu, ApakA Adeza bhI mere lie zirodhArya hai| ataH maiM vacana detA hUM ki maiM zastra grahaNa nahIM kruuNgaa| karNa ko sanmArga bodha zrIkRSNa ne karNa se kahA ki tuma saMsAra ke parama vIra aura zaktizAlI ho, guNazIla ho, para durAtmA duryodhana ke sAtha tumhArA mela asaMgata hai, tamheM toparAkramI pAMDavoM ke sAtha rahanA caahie| eka rahasya kA udaghATana karate Ae zrIkRSNa ne kahA-suno karNa, tuma sUta-putra nahIM, kuntI ke putra ho| rAdhA ne tumhArA mAtra lAlana-pAlana kiyA hai, isa nAte tuma "rAdheya" kahalAte ho svayaM kaMtI ne mujhe yaha saba batAyA hai|184 yadi tuma pAMDavoM ke saMga raho to jyeSTha bhrAtA hone ke nAte tumhArA adhikAra bhI kucha adhika hI rhegaa| 181. pAMDava caritra : devaprabhasUri-pR0 346 / 182. vahI -pR0 347-48 / 183. (ka) pAMDava caritra : devaprabhasUri : pR0 348 / / (kha) mahAbhArata meM yaha prasaMga anya prakAra se varNita hai __ zrIkRSNa apane kakSa meM zayana kie hue the tabhI unakI sahAyatA kI yAcanA ke sAtha duryodhana aura arjuna donoM phuNce| duryodhana zrIkRSNa ke sirahAne kI ora rakhe eka rikta Asana para baiThakara unake jAgane kI pratIkSA karane lgaa| tabhI arjuna AyA aura vaha zrIkRSNa ke pAMvoM kI ora baiTha gye| jAgane para zrIkRSNa ko pahale arjuna dRSTigata huaa|

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 177 zrIkRSNa ke udbodhana se karNa ko apanI bhUla anubhava huI ki usane duryodhana se maitrI kI, kiMtu jaba sabhI sUtaputra kahakara usakA apamAna karate the taba duryodhana ne hI rAjya dekara usakI garimA bar3hAI thI / karNa ne kahA ki maiM vizvAsaghAta nahIM karU~gA, kiMtu arjuna ko chor3akara kisI pAMDava ko nahIM maaruuNgaa| yuddha meM arjuna maregA aura maiM jIvita rahU~gA, athavA maiM marU~gA aura arjuna jIvita rhegaa| mAtA kuntI ke to pAMcoM putra jIvita rheNge| zrIkRSNa pAMDu rAjA se milakara dvArakA lauTa aaye|185 vRttAMta sunakara pAMDavoM kA utsAha bar3hA aura ve yuddha kI taiyArI karane lge| duryodhana ne kahA ki maiM Apake pAsa arjuna se pahale pahuMcA huuN| sajjanoM kA niyama hai ki jo pahale pahuMce unakA pakSa liyA jaay| merI binatI hai ki mahAbhArata yuddha meM ApakA sahayoga mujhe mile| nItijJa zrIkRSNa ne kahA ki tuma pahale Aye ho ataH tumhArI sahAyatA bhI mujhe karanI cAhiye, kiMtu arjuna mujhe prathama dikhAI diyA ataH vaha bhI merI sahAyatA kA pAtra hai / merI sahAyatA do prakAra se saMbhava hai| eka pakSa meM merI nArAyaNI senA rahegI, jo usa pakSa kI ora se lar3egI aura dUsarI ora maiM svayaM rahUMgA, kiMtu zastrahIna avasthA meM rhNgaa| ina do vikalpoM meM se kisI eka kA cunAva pahale arjuna ko karane diyA jAyegA, kyoMki vaha tuma se choTA hai| ___ arjuna ne nArAyaNI senA ke sthAna para nihatthe zrIkRSNa ko apane pakSa hetu cunA / spaSTa hai ki nArAyaNI senA kI zakti duryodhana ke pakSa ko prApta ho gyii| vaha yaha socakara bhI prasanna thA ki zrIkRSNa pAMDavoM kI ora raheMge avazya kiMtu ve yuddha se vimukha rheNge| zrIkRSNa ne arjuna se pUchA ki maiM zastra-dhAraNa na karUMgA, aura yuddha se vimukha rahUMgA yaha jAnakara bhI tumane mujhe kyoM cuna liyA ? arjuna ne uttara diyA ki maiM akelA hI yuddha meM yazasvI bananA cAhatA huuN| ata: Apa mere sArathI banie / zrIkRSNa ne arjuna kI yaha icchA pUrNa kii| -dekheM-mahAbhArata, udyogaparva-36-38 / 184. mahAbhArata ke anusAra kuMtI svayaM hI karNa ko yaha samajhAne ke lie jAtI hai ki vaha usakA putra hai| 185. jaina graMthoM ke anusAra mahAbhArata ke pUrva pAMDu rAjA kA dehAvasAna nahIM haa| mahAbhArata ke samaya ve upasthita the| mahAbhArata ke anusAra tathya isake viparIta haiN|

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178 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kaurava-pAMDavoM ke yuddha mahAbhArata meM zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ke sArathI kI bhUmikA nibhAyI aura svayaM zastra nahIM utthaayaa|188 prAyaH jaina graMthoM meM mahAbhArata yuddha kA varNana nahIM miltaa|187 katipaya granthakAroM ne zrIkRSNa-jarAsaMdha yuddha ko hI mahAbhArata mAna liyA hai / 188 kahIM kaurava va pAMDava yuddha ko jarAsaMdha yaddha ke pUrva kI ghaTanA ke rUpa meM bhI vaNita kiyA gayA hai|189 aura, ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki jarAsaMdha duryodhana ke pakSa meM sammilita thaa| kauravapAMDava yuddha aura zrIkRSNa jarAsaMdha yuddha ko eka mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / donoM meM raNa-sthala (kramazaH kurukSetra aura senapalli) hI bhinna-bhinna the| pUjyapAda deveMdra munijI zAstrI kI mAnyatA hai, "hamArI apanI dRSTi se bhI mahAbhArata aura jarAsaMdha kA yuddha pRthak-pRthak haiN"|190 mahAbhArata-prasaMga vaNita na hone ke kAraNa jaina granthoM meM gItA ke upadeza kA prakaraNa bhI nahIM miltaa| zizupAla-vadha kauzala nareza bheSaja kI rAnI madrI thii| isI rAjadaMpati kA putra thA zizapAla ;191 jisake janma se hI tIna netra the aura isa adbhutatA ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA ciMtita aura udavigna rahA karate the| eka nimittajJa se unheM jJAta huA ki jisa vyakti ke goda meM lene se bAlaka kA tRtIya netra lupta ho jAyagA, yaha usI ke hAthoM mArA jaaygaa|192 trinetra putra ke sAtha rAjA rAnI zarAvatI meM zrIkRSNa se bheMTa karane Aye to zrIkRSNa ne bAlaka ko goda meM uThAyA aura usakA atirikta netra baMda ho gyaa| bhAvI aniSTa ke nizcaya se bhayabhIta, kA~pate hue pati-patnI zrIkRSNa se putra ke prANoM kI bhikSA mAMgane lge| madrI ko Azvasta karate hue zrIkRSNa ne kahA ki jaba taka yaha 186. pAMDava caritra : devaprabhasUri, sarga 12, pR0 38 / 187. (ka) caupannamahApurisa-cariyaM (kha) triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra (ga) bhavabhAvanA Adi 188. (ka) harivaMzapurANa : AcArya jinasena / (kha) pAMDavapurANa : AcArya zubhacaMdra / 186. (ka) pAMDavacaritra : devaprabhasUri / (kha) mahAbhArata ke anusAra jarAsaMdha yuddha mahAbhArata ke pUrva kI ghaTanA hai| 160. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana-deveMdra muni jI shaastrii| 161. uttarapurANa 71/342 pR0 368 / 162 uttarapurANa 71/343-344

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 176 sau aparAdha na kara legA-maiM isakA vadha nahI kruuNgaa| bar3A hone para zizupAla bar3A ahaMkArI ho gyaa| zrIkRSNa ko bhI apane niyaMtraNa meM rakhanA cAhatA thA19 aura una para AkramaNa bhI karane lgaa| usane sau aparAdha kara DAle / 194 vaha rukmiNo se vivAha karanA cAhatA thA / yuddhAbhilASI nArada jI ne zrIkRSNa ko yaha sUcanA dI aura ve 8 prakAra kI senA-sahita pahu~ce, zizupAla kA vadha kiyA15 aura rukmiNI devI se vivAha kara liyaa|198 163. uttarapurANa 71/349-351 pR0 368 / 164. uttarapurANa 71/352 / 16 . (ka) triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra (8/7/480-404) Adi anya jaina graMthoM ke anusAra zizupAla kA vadha jarAsaMdha yuddha ke samaya huA, rukmiNI pariNaya ke samaya nhiiN| (kha) mahAbhArata-rAjasUya yajJa karane vAle pAMDavoM ne prathamataH zrIkaSNa kI acanA kI, yaha dekhakara zizupAla ruSTa ho gyaa| vaha zrIkRSNa ke viruddha anargala aura abhadra AlApa karane lgaa| bhIma use sahana nahIM kara pAyA aura vaha zizupAla kA vadha karane ko jhapaTA, kiMtu bhISma pitAmaha ne use roka liyA aura zizupAla janma kI kathA batalAne lge| janmate hI vaha gadhe kI taraha cillAne lagA thA aura isase mAtA-pitA ghbraaye| usI samaya AkAzavANI huI ki jisako goda meM jAne para isa bAlaka kI do bhujAeM aura eka AMkha lupta ho jAyegI vahI usakA mArane vAlA hogA / eka dina zrIkRSNa apanI buA (zizupAla kI mAtA) se milane gaye aura aura jyoMhI unhoMne bAlaka ko goda meM uThAyA, tyoMhI usakA tIsarA netra aura atirikta do bhujAeM samApta ho gyiiN| zrIkRSNa se mAtA ne putrahita meM prArthanA kii| zrIkRSNa ne kahA ki-tere putra ke 100 aparAdha taka maiM use kSamA karUMgA aparAdhazataM kSAmyaM mayA hyasya pitRSvajaH / putrasya te vadhArhasya mA tvaM zoke manaH kRthAH / -mahAbhArata : sabhAparva adhyAya 43 zloka 23 / phira zizupAla ne zrIkRSNa ko yuddha ke lie llkaaraa| jaba usake 100 aparAdha pUre ho gaye to zrIkRSNa ne krodha kara sudarzana cakra calAyA jisase zizupAla kA zISa kaTakara pRthvI para gira pdd'aa| isa prakAra zrIkRSNa ne zizupAla kA vadha kiyA |-mhaabhaart : sabhAparva : adhyA0 45 / 166. uttarapurANa 71/353-58 /

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180 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya dvArakA-dAha dharmasabhA meM bhagavAna ne zrIkRSNa vAsudeva kI anakahI mAnasika ulajhana ko bhA~pa kara kahA ki vAsudeva sadA kRtanidAna hote haiM, ve saMyama patha para gamana nahIM kara skte| unhoMne zrIkRSNa se kahA ki tumhAre bhAI jarAkumAra ke hAthoM tumhArA avasAna hogA aura tumhArI dvArakA isase pUrva hI naSTa ho jaaygii| madirA, dvApAyana evaM agni dvArakA-nAza ke mUla kAraNa hoMge 17 bhagavAna ne kahA ki zauryapura ke samIpa ke tApasa pArasa kA zArIrika saMbaMdha yamunAdvIpa kI nIca-vaMzIya kanyA se ho gayA thA aura dvaipAyana usI kA putra hai jo iMdriya-jetA hai / madirA ke mada meM yAdava vaMzI dvaipAyana ko pIr3A deMge aura ve dvArakA ko bhasma kara deMge / tuma (zrIkRSNa) aura 167. zrImadbhAgavatAnusAra mahAbhArata yuddha meM aneka guNI evaM parAkramI yAdavoM kA saMhAra ho gayA thA / jo zeSa rahe unameM se adhikAMzata: duvryasanI aura anAcArI the ataH una madAMdha yAdavoM para zrIkRSNa baladeva kA niyaMtraNa va prabhAva bhI kama thaa| dvArakA ke samIpa revataka parvata evaM samudra ke bIca prabhAsa kSetra meM miMDAraka nAmaka sthAna thA, jahAM yAdava Amoda-pramoda ke lie jAyA karate the| vahAM eka utsava ke avasara para yAdavoM ne madirApAna kiyA aura paraspara saMgharSarata hokara vahIM samApta ho gye| kRSNa-balarAma, sArathI dAruka, vasudeva aura kucha striyAM basa ye hI jIvita baca gaye / zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ke pAsa dAruka ke sAtha saMdeza bhejA ki vaha dvArakA Akara yAdava vaMza ke vRddhoM aura striyoM ko hastinApura le jaave| balarAma yAdavoM kI isa mahAvinAza lIlA se duHkhita hokara mara hI cuke the| balarAma ke avasAna se duHkhI zrIkRSNa vana meM eka pIpala vRkSa ke nIce baiThe the ki jarAkumAra nAmaka eka vyAdha ne unheM bANa maaraa| zrIkRSNa ne use svarga pradAna kiyaa| zrIkRSNa ke caraNa cinhoM kA anusaraNa karate hue dAruka vahAM pahuMca gye| usake dekhate-dekhate zrIkRSNa ko lekara garuDa cihna vAlA ratha ur3a gyaa| unhoMne dAruka ko kahA ki tuma dvArakA jAkara zeSa yAdavoM se kaho ki ve dvArakA tyAga kara anyatra cale jAveM, kyoMki merI tyAgI haI dvArakA ko samudra apane garbha meM chipA legaa| isake pazcAt zrIkRSNa tirodhAna ho gye| arjuna zeSa yAdavoM, striyoM aura aniruddha putra vajra ko lekara hastinApura cala diyaa| dvArakA sUnI ho gyii| samudra meM bhayaMphara tUphAna AyA aura dvArakA jalamagna ho gyii|

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181 prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA balarAma baca jAoge aura kAlAMtara meM jarAkumAra ke vANa se tuma maraNa ko prApta kroge|198 jarAkumAra ko agraja ke viruddha apane bhayaMkara aparAdha kI bhaviSyavANI se AtmaglAni huii| yaha socakara ki maiM vAsudeva ke sAtha hI nahIM rahU~gA to yaha kukarma Tala jAyagA-vaha vana meM calA gayA / davaipAyana bhI dvArakAvinAza ke hetu banane se bacane ke lie vana meM cale gaye / 199 bhagavAna ne yaha saMketa bhI diyA ki vAsudeva zrIkRSNa kA jIva hI apane eka bhAvI bhava meM amama nAma ke 12 veM tIrthaMkara hoNge| inhIM ke zAsana kAla meM balarAma kA jIva bhI muktilAbha kregaa| __ madirA se dvArakA-vinAza kA bhaya hRdayaMgama kara vAsudeva zrIkRSNa ne madirA ke nirmANa evaM sevana para pratibandha lagA diyaa| sArI madirA ekatrita kara use naSTa karane ke prayojana se kadaMba vana kI kAdambarI kandarA ke zilA-kUNDoM meM pheMka dI gyii| dvArakA-rakSArtha prajA dharmasaMkula jIvana bitAne lgii| zilA-kUNDoM meM naSTa hone ke sthAna para madirA purAnI hokara adhika svAdu, adhika mAdaka bana gayI / zAMba kA sevaka vana meM tRSAlu hokara bhaTaka rahA thaa| zilAkuNDa meM saMgrahIta drava pIkara to vaha masta ho gyaa| sevaka ne usakA Ananda zAMba ko bhI diyA aura phira to madirA kA lolapa zAMba aneka yAdavoM ke sAtha kaMdarA pahu~ca gyaa| ye loga jaba madonmatta ho vanavihAra kara rahe the, sahasA dhyAnamagna davaipAyana ko dekha krIDAvaza ve unheM satAne lage, unheM mArA-piTA bhii|200 ruSTa RSi ne sampUrNa dvArakA ko bhasma kara dene kA nidAna kara liyA / zrIkRSNa-balarAma isa kAMDa se sanna raha gye| yAdavoM kI dhRSTatA ke lie unhoMne RSi se kSamAyAcanA kI, kiMtu RSi atizaya kupita the| bole tuma donoM ne savinaya kSamA mAMgI hai-tumheM hAni nahIM pahu~cAU~gA, para zeSa dvArakA ko bhasma karane kA nidAna kara cukA huuN| kAlAMtara meM vaipAyana kA zarIrAMta ho gayA aura unakA jIva agnikumAra deva banA tathA pUrvabhava ke nidAna ko vismRta na kara paayaa| dvArakA Akara 168. (ka) triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra : 8/11/3-6 (kha) bhavabhAvanA 3783-3762 (ga) harivaMzapurANa : 61/23-24 166. dvaipAyano'pi tatzrutvA, lokazrutyA prbhorvcH| dvArakAyAM yadUnAM ca, rakSArtha vanavAsyabhUt / harivaMzapurANa / 200. (ka) triSaSTi :-8/11/23-30

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182 jaina - paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya deva ne dekhA ki dvArakA kI prajA to dharmaniSTha hai / ve koI ahita na kara pAye / unheM 11 varSa pratIkSA karanI pdd'ii| taba taka prajA vinAza ke bhaya se mukta hokara dharma - zithila hone lagI / madirA kA bhI punaH pracalana ho gayA thA 1 201 dvaipAyana ke lie aba anukUla paristhitiyA~ banane lgiiN| unhoMne saMvarta vAyu ke prayoga se vana kA sUkhA kASTha-ghAsa Adi dvArakA meM ekatrita kara diyA / AkAza se aMgAre barasane lage / trAhi-trAhi maca gayI / dvArakA kA vaibhava agni kI bheMTa hone lagA / prANa bacAkara bhAgatI prajA ko agnikumAra dvaipAyana nirmamatA pUrvaka agni meM jhoMkane lagA / vasudeva-devakI aura rohiNI ko ratha meM biThAkara zrIkRSNa va balarAma svayaM ratha khIMcakara unheM surakSita sthala para le jAne lage / nagara-dvAra baMda aura ratha dhvasta ho gayA 1 202 balarAma ne pAda prahAra se dvAra tor3A to agnideva ne pratyakSa hokara kahA ki inakI rakSA kA prayatna vyartha hai / tuma do bhAiyoM ke atirikta saba kucha naSTa hogA / pitA evaM donoM mAtAoM ne saMthArA liyA aura AyuSya pUrNa kara svarga sidhAre 1203 zrIkRSNa balarAma ke sAtha jIrNodyAna meM cale gaye / 6 mAha taka agni prajvalita rahI aura vaha bhavya vaibhavapUrNa nagarI rAkha kI DherI ho gayI 1204 samudra meM pracaMDa tUphAna uThA aura yaha dagdha dvArakA jalamagna ho gayI / chaH mAha pUrva jahA~ bhavya nagara thA, aba vahAM samudra hilore lene lagA 1 205 I zrIkRSNAvasAna jIrNodyAna se apanI priya dvArakA ko naSTa hote dekhane kA sAmarthya bhI jaba cuka gayA to zrIkRSNa vahAM se haTa jAnA cAhate the, para kahAM jAeM ? yaha prazna thA / aneka rAjya - virodhI ho cuke the 1206 pAMDavoM ko niSkAsita kiyA thA ata: pAMDumathurA jAne meM bhI zrIkRSNa ko saMkoca thA / balarAma ke prayatnoM se aMtataH ve vahAM jAne ko cala diye 1207 mArga meM dhRtarASTra putra acchaMdaka kA 201. triSaSTi : 8/11/74-76 202. harivaMza ke purANa ke anusAra zrIkRSNa dvArikA kA koTa tor3akara samudra ke pravAha se usa Aga ko bujhAne lage, baladeva samudra ke jala ko hala se sIMcane lage to bhI agni zAMta nahIM huI / - harivaMza : 61 / 81-84 203. triSaSTi : 8/11/81-88 / 204. triSaSTi: 8/11/86 206. triSaSTi : 8 / 11 / 65 205. triSaSTi : 8 /11/60 207. triSaSTi : 8/11/16-100

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183 prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA hastikalpanagara aayaa| zrIkRSNa upavana meM vizrAma karane lage 208 aura balarAma bhojana vyavasthA ke lie nagara meM gaye / khAdya padArthoM ke mUlya rUpa meM unhoMne vyApArI ko svarNamudrikA do jise dekha vaha zaMkita ho uThA aura rAjA ko sUcita kiyaa| rAjA sainikoM sahita A pahu~cA aura AkramaNa kara diyA / balarAma ke siMhanAda karane para zrIkRSNa bhI pahu~ca gaye aura acchaMdaka ko parAjita kara diyaa| jyeSTha bhrAtA balarAma kozAMbI nagarI ke vana meM pahu~ce / zrIkRSNa ko pyAsa lagI thii| balarAma jala lene ko gaye aura zrIkRSNa eka vRkSa tale leTa gaye / 209 ve eka paira ke ghaTane para dUsare paira kI piMDalI TikAe hue the, jisakI pagatalI ko dekha kara dUra se vyAdha ko hiraNa kA bhrama huA aura usane bANa mArA, ve turanta uTha baiThe aura ucca svara meM pUchA-kisane mujhe bANa mArA? Aja taka binA nAma gotra batAe kisI ne mujha para prahAra nahIM kiyA,10 turaMta vyAdha ko apanI bhUla dhyAna meM A gayI aura vaha hataprabha sA eka vRkSa kI oTa meM chipa gyaa| vahIM se uttara dete hue usane kahA-vasudeva aura jarAdevI mere janaka-jananI haiM, bhagavAna ariSTanemi kI bhaviSya vANI suna bhrAtA zrIkRSNa kI hitakAmanA ke sAtha hI maiM vana meM calA AyA aura 12 varSa yahAM vyatIta kara die / aba taka kisI mAnava ko maiMne isa vana meM nahIM dekhA, tuma kauna ho ?11 zrIkRSNa samajha gaye ki yaha jarAkumAra hI hai| sneha mizrita svara meM zrIkRSNa ne jarA ko bulAkara kahA-mujhe kheda hai ki tumhArA 12 varSa kA vanavAsa saphala nahIM huA, tuma mere maraNa ko TAlanA cAhate the, Aja vahI tumhAre hAthoM ho gyaa| maiM tumhArA bhAI zrIkRSNa haiN| aba zoka karanA vyartha hai| tuma balarAma ke lauTa Ane ke pUrva hI yahAM se cale jAo, anyathA vaha tumheM jIvita na chodd'eNge| tumhI yAdava vaMza meM bace ho, jAo, pAMDu mathurA jAkara pAMDavoM ko dvArakA-dAha aura merI sthiti se avagata karAte hae kahanA ki unheM niSkAsita karane ke kAraNa maiM kSamA cAhatA huuN| zrIkRSNa ke paira se bANa nikAlakara jarAkumAra AdezAnusAra cala pdd'aa|12 zrIkRSNa ne pUrvAbhimukha ho, aMjali jor3akara paMca parameSThi ko praNAma karate hue kahA ki rukmiNIdevI aura pradyumna Adi kumAra dhanya haiM; jinhoMne 208. triSaSTi : 8/11/119-120 209. triSaSTi : 8/11/121-122 210. vahI 8/11/123-132 211. triSaSTi : 8/11/134-35. 212. triSaSTi : 8/11/151-153

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184 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya saMyama mArga grahaNa kiyaa| isI prakAra ciMtana karate hue unakA AyuSya pUrNa ho gayA / zrIkRSNa vAsudeva 16 varSa taka kumArAvasthA meM, 56 varSa taka mAMDalika avasthA meM, 628 varSa ardhacakrI avasthA meM rahe aura isa prakAra unakA kula AyuSya 1 hajAra varSa kA huaa|13 213. (ka) triSaSTi : 8/11/165 (kha) kRSNa nArAyaNa kI kula avasthA eka hajAra varSa kI thii| usameM 16 varSa kumAra avasthA meM, 56 varSa mAMDalika avasthA meM, 8 varSa digvijaya meM aura 620 varSa rAja avasthA meM vyatIta hue| -harivaMzapurANa ::AcArya jinasena, 60/532-33 pR0 756 (ga) vaidika graMthoM meM zrIkRSNa kI Ayu 120 varSa kI mAnI gayI hai| (gha) zrIkRSNa jIvana ke katipaya pramukha tithi-saMvat1. mathurA meM janma aura gokula ko prasthAna-saMvat 3128 vikrama pUrva bhAdra pada kRSNASTamI, vRSabhalagna, rohiNI nakSatra, harSaNayoga, arddharAtri 2 gokula se vRndAvana prasthAna - Ayu 4 varSa, saM0 3124 vi0 pUrva / 3. kAliya nAga kA damana Ayu 8 varSa, saM0 3120 vi0 pUrva / 4. govardhana dhAraNa-Ayu 10 varSa, saM0 3118 vi0 pUrva / 5. rAsalIlA kA Ayojana Ayu 11 varSa, saM0 3117 vi0 pUrva / 6. vRndAvana se mathurA ko prasthAna-Ayu 12 varSa, saM0 3116 vi0 pUrva aura __ kaMsa vadha phAlguna zuklA 14 / / 7. mathurA meM yajJopavIta aura saMdIpana ke gurukula ko prasthAna-Ayu 12 varSa, ___ saM0 3116 vi0 pUrva / / 8. jarAsaMdha kA mathurA para AkramaNa-Ayu 13 varSa, saM0 3115 vi0 pUrva / 6. mathurA kA rAjakIya jIvana aura jarAsaMdha se 17 bAra yuddha-Ayu 13 se 30 varSa, saM0 3115 se 3018 vi0 pUrva / 10. dvArikA ko prasthAna aura rukmiNI se vivAha-Ayu 31 varSa, saM0 3067 vi0 pUrva / 11. draupadI svayaMvara aura pAMDavoM se milana-Ayu 43 varSa, saM0 3085 vi0 pUrva / 12. arjuna subhadrA vivAha-Ayu 65 varSa, saM0 3063 vi0 pUrva / 13. abhimanyu janma-Ayu 67 varSa, saM0 3061 vi0 pUrva / 14. yudhiSThira kA rAjasUya yajJa-Ayu 68 varSa, saM0 3060 vi0 pUrva / 15. mahAbhArata kA yuddha-Ayu 83 varSa, saM0 3045 vi0 pUrva / 16. kaliyuga kA AraMbha aura parIkSita kA janma-Ayu 84 varSa, saM0 3044 vi0 pUrva kI caitra zuklA 1

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA baladeva dvArA pravrajyA grahaNa karanA jala lekara lauTe to balarAma ne bhAI ko acala paayaa| unhoMne bArabAra pukArA, para koI uttara na pAkara unhoMne socA bhAI nidrA-magna hai / mohavaza ve maraNa kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara pAye / ve zrIkRSNa kI pArthiva deha kaMdhe para lAde vana meM bhaTakane lage / kisI samaya siddhArtha balarAma kA sArathI thA, jo saMyama kA pAlana kara deva ho gayA thA / deva ne balarAma kI mohadazA dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA / prastara ratha taiyAra kara use r3halAna se lur3hakA diyA aura ratha khaMDa-khaMDa ho gayA / deva prastara khaMDoM ko jor3ane lagA / baladeva ne kahA- - prastara khaMDa bhI kahIM jur3a sakate haiM ? deva ne pratyuttara meM kahA - mRtaka bhI kabhI sajIva ho sakatA hai ? aura aprabhAvita se balarAma Age bar3ha gaye / deva phira balarAma ko Age milA eka kisAna ke rUpa meM, jo patthara para kamala ugA rahA thA / balarAma ne kahA- tuma bAvale ho, patthara para bhalA kabhI kamala khila sakatA hai ? kisAna rUpa meM deva ne uttara diyA- murde bhI bhalA kabhI jIvita ho sakate haiM ? para balarAma kA moha na chUTA, ve Age bar3ha gaye / aba kisAna rUpa meM vahI deva eka sUkhe per3a ke ThUMTha ko pAnI pilAtA huA milA to balarAma ne kahA - tuma mUrkha ho, sUkhA ThUMTha bhI kabhI harA ho sakatA hai ? deva ne aba kI bAra spaSTatA ke sAtha kahA- phira tumhArA mRta bhAI kaise jIvita ho sakatA hai ? balarAma saghana moha se ghire the, ve kathana ko zrIkRSNa ke saMdarbha meM nahIM jAna pAye aura Age bar3ha gaye / Age balarAma ne dekhA ki eka mRta gAya ko kisAna ghAsa khilAne kA prayatna kara rahA hai / kisAna ko isa bAra bhI mUrkha kahate hue balarAma ne kahA- tumhArA prayatna saphala na hogA / mRta gAya ghAsa kaise khAyagI ? kisAna ne kahA- tuma bhI kisI AzA se hI apane bhAI kA zava 6 mahine se kaMdhe para lAde ghUma rahe ho / aba balarAma kA moha TUTA / unheM lagA ki mRta deha se durgaMdha A rahI hai| unhoMne pArthiva tana kaMdhe se utArA aura aMtima saMskAra kiyA 1214 muni ke sadupadeza se baladeva pratibodhita hue aura unhoMne pravrajyA grahaNa kara lI / 185 17. zrIkRSNa kA tirodhAna aura dvArikA kA aMta - Ayu 120 varSa, saM0 3008 vi pUrva / ng 18. parIkSita kA rAjatilaka aura pAMDavoM kA himAlaya prasthAna - saM0 3007 vi0 pUrva 16. zrIkRSNa kA maraNa na mAnakara vaidika paraMparA meM unakA tirodhAna mAnA gayA hai / 214. ( ka ) harivaMzapurANa - ( AcArya jinasena) ke anusAra -

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186 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya muni baladeva ne ghora tapa kiyaa| vicaraNa karate hue ve nagara ke bAhara eka kue~ ke pAsa pahu~ce; jahA~ jala lene ko eka strI AyI thii| vaha muni ke rUpa para mugdha ho gayI aura ghar3e ke sthAna para apane bAlaka ke gale meM rassI kA phandA kasane lgii| strI ko saceta kara bAlaka ke prANa mani ne bacA liye, para unako apane rUpa para kSobha hone lagA aura unhoMne abhigraha liyA ki aba maiM kisI bastI meM na jaauuNgaa| vana meM hI nirdoSa bhikSA milI to grahaNa karU~gA, anyathA nirAhAra rhuuNgaa| vana meM tapasyArata muni balarAma ko dekha kara vanavAsI bhAMti-bhAMti kI kalpanA karate the| koI unheM tApasa mAnate the to koI tNtrsaadhk| sUcanA pAkara rAjA apanI senA lekara vana meM aayaa| vaha muni ko mAra denA cAhatA thA / avadhijJAna se deva (siddhArthaM) ko saba kucha jJAta ho gyaa| usa ne vana meM aneka siMha vikurvita kara diye / bhayaMkara siMhoM se AtaMkita senA bhAgA~khar3I huii| rAjA munirAja ke caraNoM meM girakara apane azubha vicAra para bAra-bAra kSamA yAcanA karane lgaa| deva ne dayApUrvaka apanI mAyA haTA lii| muni kI prabala ahiMsA bhAvanA kA prabhAva vana ke pazu-pakSiyoM para bhI thaa| pArasparika vaimanasya bhulAkara ve snehapUrvaka eka sAtha rahane lge| snehAbhibhUta hokara eka maga to sadA muni ke sAtha rahane lgaa| mRga jidhara nirdoSa AhAra kI sambhAvanA hotI muni ko udhara hI le calatA thaa| yaha maga eka dina muni ko eka rathArUr3ha vyakti ke pAsa le gyaa| rathI ne sabhakti praNAma kara nirdoSa AhAra arpita kiyaa| maga ke netra sAzru ho utthe| vaha rathi ko saubhAgyavAna mAna rahA thA; jise mani sevA kA avasara milaa| muni soca rahe the ki yaha zrAvaka uttama baddhivAlA aura bhadra pariNAmI hai| jaratkumAra (jarAkumAra) ke bANa se zrIkRSNa ke nidhana kA samAcAra pAkara pAMDavagaNa draupadI aura mAtA kuMtI vahAM Ate haiM aura zrIkRSNa kA aMtima saMskAra karane ke lie baladeva se nivedana karate haiN| baladeva kupita ho jAte haiN| taba pAMDavAdi baladeva ke icchAnusArI ho gye| cAturmAsa samApta ho jAne para zrIkRSNa kI mRta kAyA se durgandha Ane lagI, to siddhArtha deva ne Akara baladeva ko pratibodhita kiyaa| harivaMza 73/54-68 (kha) pAMDavapurANa (zubhacaMdrAcArya) ke anusAra - pahale siddhArtha deva Akara baladeva ko pratibodha dete haiM, kiMtu una para koI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| bAda meM pAMDava Akara unheM snehapUrvaka samajhAte haiM taba unakA moha kucha kama hotA hai / parva 22, zloka 78-79

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prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta meM kRSNa kathA 187 ___muni balarAma, mRga aura rathI isa prakAra zubha vicAroM meM magna the ki tabhI sahasA vRkSa kI eka bhArI zAkhA TUTakara una para girI aura tInoM prANiyoM ki ihalIlA samApta ho gyii| zubhadhyAna meM deha tyAga kara ye tInoM brahma devaloka ke padmottara vimAna meM utpanna hue| mahatvapUrNa niSkarSa hindI jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa kathA ko maiMne apanI alpamati ke anusAra prAkata Agama, prAkRta Agametara tathA apabhraMza aura saMskRta jaina graMthoM ke AdhAra para yahA~ para saMkSipta rUpa meM sapramANa aura sasaMdarbha prastuta karane kI ceSTA kI hai, yahI isa adhyAya kA mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa hai| agale adhyAyoM meM hindI jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA anuzIlana maiM prastuta karane kA prayatna kara rahA huuN|

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hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya bhUmikA itara sAhitya kI bhA~ti hI jaina hindI zrIkRSNa sAhitya ke vikAsa kI yAtrA meM bhI apabhraMza ke pazcAt hindI kA par3Ava AtA hai| hindI sAhitya meM bhI jaina sAhitya pracaratA ke sAtha milatA hai| vartamAna meM aneka manISi sAhityakAra isa dazA meM kArya karane ke lie saceSTa haiM aura aba taka racita hindI jaina kRSNa sAhitya jo samaya ke AvaraNa meM lapta ho gayA hai usakA bhI punaH anveSaNa ho rahA hai| phalataH atIta meM racita aise aneka mahatvapUrNa grantha anveSita hue haiM jinake kAraNa AdikAlIna sAhitya kI kucha pratiSThita mUla dhAraNAoM ko bhI punarvicAra ko preraNA dI hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA yaha mata rahA hai ki AdikAla meM hI hindI sAhitya kI pramukha kRtiyAM milatI haiN|--khumaann rAso, bIsaladeva rAso, pRthvIrAja rAso, jayacaMda prakAza, jayamaMyaka jasa candrikA, paramAla rAso, raNamala chanda, khusaro kI paheliyAM, vidyApati padAvalI Adi / ina kRtiyoM ko mahattA pradAna karate hue AdikAla kI sAhityika pravRttiyoM evaM vizeSatAoM kA adhyayana karane ke lie ina kRtiyoM ko AdhArabhUta mAnA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya bhaNDAroM kI khoja kI upalabdhiyoM ne una sArI dhAraNAoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| hindI sAhitya ke itihAsakAroM dvArA AdikAlIna kRtiyoM ke rUpa meM nizcita kI gayI kRtiyoM meM se kucha ko chor3akara zeSa nayI khojoM para sandigdha ThaharatI haiN| ina navIna khojoM ke niSkarSAnusAra inameM se aneka grantha bahuta bAda kI racanAeM siddha hotI haiM aura sAtha hI aneka navAnveSita kRtiyAM AdikAla kI racanAoM ke 1. sva0 AcArya rAmacaMdra zukla : hiMdI sAhitya kA itihAsa

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hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 186 rUpa meM pratiSThita hone yogya siddha ho rahI haiN| isa prakAra kI adhikAMza kRtiyAM jaina hindI sAhitya kI haiN| hindI meM zrIkRSNa sambandhI sAhitya jaina aura jainetara donoM hI kSetroM meM paryApta racA gayA aura racA jA rahA hai| yadyapi mUla pratipAdya viSaya zrIkRSNacarita donoM hI kSetra ke lie eka hI rahA hai, tathApi donoM kSetroM kI racanAoM meM katipaya aisI bhinnatAeM aura asAmAnyatAeM bhI vidyamAna haiN| unake AdhAra para ina donoM prakAra kI racanAoM ko spaSTataH pRthaka-pRthaka pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| donoM ko AkRtiyAM hI pRthaka-pRthak dRSTigata hotI haiN| jaina aura jainetara kRSNa sAhitya meM zilpa sambandhI eka mUlabhUta aMtara to yaha hai ki jaina kSetra meM yaha sAhitya adhikAMzataH prabandhAtmaka hai| ina racanAoM meM zrIkRSNa jIvana sambandhI prasaMgoM kA eka sugaThita aura sodadezya kathAnaka kA AdhAra liyA gayA hai| isake viparIta jainetara hindI zrIkRSNa sAhitya adhikAMzataH muktaka rUpa kA hai| ___anya jJAtavya, mahatvapUrNa antara zrIkRSNa ke vyaktitva se sambadha rakhatA hai jise jaina aura jainetara kSetroM meM apanAyA gayA hai / hindI zrIkRSNa sAhitya kI jainetara paramparA meM zrIkRSNa ke vyaktitva kA jo rUpa khar3A huA hai, usake anusAra zrIkRSNa gopIjanavallabha. rAdhAdharasudhApAyI, rAsa-priya, rasika, vanamAlI, holI khelane vAle lalA hI adhika lagate haiN| unakA yaha rUpa kelipriya aura sAmAnya dharAtala taka hI sImita raha gayA hai| jainetara paramparA meM vaidika mAnyatA ke anurUpa unake vyaktitva meM avatArItattva, divyatA aura alaukikatA bhI ThIka se nahIM utara pAyI hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI yaha alaukikatA evaM divyatA nahIM A pAyI hai aura na vaha A bhI sakatI thii| kAraNa yaha hai ki Izvara jaisI kisI sattA meM mUlataH jainoM kA vaha vizvAsa hI nahIM hai| jainamata to mAnavIya sattA ko hI sarvopari mAnatA hai| zrIkaSNa kA jo svapna jaina paramparA meM mAnya rahA hai vaha to eka parAkramazIla mahAn puruSa kA hI hai| isa svarUpa meM zrIkRSNa ke vyaktitva kI pratiSThA meM hindI jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya sarvathA saphala aura samartha rahA hai| zrIkRSNa isa paraMparA meM bhI mAnava aura laukika rUpa meM hI citrita hue haiN| kintu, unake vyaktitva meM eka bhavyalA aura mahAnatA ke darzana hote haiN| unheM sAdhAraNa rasiyA ke stara para nahIM lAyA gayA apitu narottama mAnA gayA hai| ve jaina paraMparA meM mAnya 63 zlAkA puruSoM meM sammAnya sthAna rakhate haiM aura zUra-vIra, zaktizAlI, yazasvI, tejasvI aura varcasvIsamrATa haiM / unheM zakti, zIla va sauMdarya kA saMgamarUpa diyA gayA hai / ve

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160 jaina - paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhiya "vAsudeva" haiM aura adhama, AtatAyI, anyAyI evaM atyAcArI janoM se pRthvI ko bhAra - mukta karane vAle haiM / zrI mahAvIra koTiyA kI mAnyatA hai ki Asanna - bhUtakAla meM hI lagabhaga pacAsa aise graMtha khoje gaye haiM jinakI gaNanA hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kI paraMparA meM kI jA sakatI hai / inameM se katipaya graMtha kAvya kI dRSTi se ati suMdara aura uttama haiM / AdikAla kI paridhi meM Ane vAle graMthoM ko unhoMne vizeSa ullekhanIya mAnA hai / bhASA zAstra kI dRSTi se bhI ina graMthoM kA apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| hiMdI jaina kRSNa carita saMbaMdhI pramukha racanAe~ nimnAnusAra haiM kavi kA nAma 1. neminAtha rAsa 2. gajasukumAla rAsa 3. pradyumna carita 4. ... raMgasAgara nemi phAgu 5. suraMgAbhidha nemiphAgu 6. harivaMzapurANa 7. neminAtha phAgu 8. balibhadra caupaI 6. neminAtha rAsa 10. pradyumnarAso kRti kA nAma sumatigaNi racanA kAla 1238 I0 afa lhaNa (deveMdra sUri ) : 13 vIM zatAbdI kavi saMdhAru * somasuMdarasUri dhanadeva gaNi brahmajinadAsa' jayazekharasUri kavi yazodhara' muni puNya ratana 10 brahma rAyamala 11 1354 I0 1426 I0 1445 I0 1463 I0 15vIM zatAbdI 2. hastalikhita prati jaisalamera durga zAstra bhaNDAra 3. AdikAla kI prAmANika hindI racanAeM, pR0 57 se 60. saM. DA. gaNapati caMdragupta 4. saM. paM. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha va DA. kasturacanda kAsalIvAla 1528 I0 1526 I0 1571 I0 5. vahI - pR. 116 se 126 6. hindI kI Adi aura madhyakAlIna phAgu kRtiyAM, pR. 136 se 158 7. hastalikhita prati khaNDelavAla digaMbara jaina mandira, udayapura 8. vahI, jaise pAMca meM hai / 6. aprakAzita 10. aprakAzita, prati upalabdha digaMbara jaina mandira TholiyAna, 11. prati upalabdha AmerazAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura jayapura

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya kavi kA nAma kRti kA nAma 11. nemIzvara rAsa brahma rAyamala12 12. nemIzvara kI beli kavi ThAkurajI13 13. balabhadra beli kavi sAliga 14. harivaMzapurANa zAlivAhana 15. nemIzvara caMdrAyaNa bha0 nareMdrakIrti 16. neminAtha rAsa kanakakItira 17. neminAtha rAsa muni kezarasAgara18 161 racanAkAla 1558 I0 16vIM zatAbdI I0 san 1612 1638 I0 1633 I0 1635 I0 pratilipi san 1635 I0 18. pradyumna prabaMdha 16. pAMDavapurANa 20. nemizvara rAsa 21. harivaMzapurANa 22. uttarapurANa 23. neminAtha caritra deveMdrakIti19 bulAkIdAsa20 nemicaMda khuzAlacaMda kAlA khuzAlacaMda kAlA23 ajayarAja pATanI 1665 I0 1667 I0 1712 I0 1723 I0 1732 I0 1736 I0 12. prati upalabdha AmerazAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura 13. prati upalabdha digaMbara jaina maMdira badhIcanda, jayapura 14. abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera, vi0 saM0 1666 kI prati upalabdha hai| 15. prati upalabdha digaMbara jaina pallIvAla mandira, puliyAgaMz2a, AgarA aura Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura 16. prati upalabdha Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura 17. aprakAzita, prati upalabdha vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra jayapura digaMbara jaina bhaNDAra, jayapura zAstra bhaNDAra, zrI mahAvIrajI jayapura Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura " digaMbara jaina bhaNDAra, jayapura

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1766 48 tur 1 162 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya 24. neminAtha caritra jayamala25 1757 I0 25. neminAtha rAsa ratanamuni 1767 I0 26. nemanAtha rAsa vijayadevasUri27 27. nemicaMdrikA manaraMgalAla pallIvAla28 1823 I0 28. pradyumna carita munnAlAla26 26. kRSNa kI riddhi buddhamala30 30. bhagavAna nemanAtha aura muni cauthamalajI31 1941 I0 puruSottama kRSNa 31. bhagavAna ariSTanemi zrI deveMdramuni jI zAstrI32 1971 I0 aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa eka anuzIlana amama svAmI caritra-- __ "amama svAmI caritra" zIrSaka se muniratnasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1252 meM racanA kI gayI hai / isa graMtha meM zrIkRSNa kA jIvana carita vistAra se varNita hai jo amama svAmI ke nAma se bhAbI tIrthakara hone vAle haiN| graMtha meM zrIkRSNa ke pUrvabhavoM ke varNana bhI haiM-yaha isa graMtha kI vizeSatA hai| sAmAnyataH zrIkRSNa ke pUrvabhavoM ko yA to anya graMthoM meM varNita hI nahIM kiyA gayA yA unakA atisaMkSipta varNana hI kiyA gayA hai| __ ina maulika racanAoM ke atirikta katipaya anuvAda graMtha bhI haiN| mUlarUpa meM anya bhASAoM meM racita pramukha graMthoM kA hiMdI meM anuvAda kiyA gayA hai| pramukha anuvAdita graMthoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : 15. aprakAzita, prati upalabdha vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura 26. digaMbara jaina mandira TholiyAna, jayapura " 27. " 28. 26. aprakAzita, digaMbara jaina mandira TholiyAna, jayapura 30. vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra jayapura siremalajI nandalAlajI pItaliyA, sihora keNTa 32. prakAzita, tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa-rAsa, purANa sAhitya aura anya anuvAdita graMtha nemipurANa bhASA nemipurANa bhASA pradyumnacarita bhASA pAMDava purANa nemipurANa bhASA neminAtha carita pradyumnacarita pradyumna kumAra (padyAnuvAda) pradyumna kumAra (gadya saMskaraNa) uttara purANa vacanikA pradyumnacarita pradyumnacarita vacanikA anuvAdaka bhAgacaMda 163 : vakhatAvaramala jvAlAprasAda vakhatAvara siMha pannAlAla caudharI udayalAla kAzIrAma zItalaprasAda amolaka RSijI zobhAcandra bhArilla pannAlAla dUnIvAle varakhtAvaramala ratanalAla mannAlAla bainADA sthAnakavAsI jaina paraMparA meM aneka munivara svAdhyAya va sRjana kI sAdhanA meM bhI pravRtta haiM aura unake sad-prayAsoM se jaina dharma evaM darzana ke pracAraprasAra meM atyaMta mUlyavAna yogadAna huA hai / vigata kucha dazakoM se to eka * prabala abhiyAna ke rUpa meM isa prayatna ko grahaNa kiyA jA rahA hai aura isakI uttama upalabdhiyAM bhI ho rahI haiM / kiMtu, yatkiMcit rUpa meM yaha prayatna pratyeka kAla meM avazya astitva meM rahA hai / ina asaMkhya granthoM meM aneka racanAeM jaina paraMparAnusAra zrIkRSNa ke jIvana aura vyaktitva para bhI prakAza DAlatI haiM / AcArya zrI jayamala jI mahArAja kI isa prakAra kI racanAyeM haiMbhagavAna neminAtha, mahArAnI devakI, zrIkRSNa kI Rddhi Adi / isI prakAra kavi rAyacaMda jI mahArAja kI pratiSThita racanAeM haiM - rAjImatI neminAtha cor3hAlyA (saM0 1834), rAjImatI rathanemi kI sajjhAya (saM0 1841 ), kRSNa bherI saMvAda (saM0 1843), devakI rAnI kI r3hAla Adi / AcArya rAyacanda jI ma0 AcAryajayamala jI mahArAja ke saMpradAya ke the / 33. yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni dvArA "jayavANI" sanmati jJAna pITha AgarA se vi0 saM0 2016 meM prakAzita 34. marudhara kesarI abhinandana grantha kA lekha - saMtakavi rAyacaMda jI aura unakI racanAe

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164 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya zrI cauthamalajI mahArAja ne zrIkRSNa lIlA kI racanA kI, nemicaMda jI mahArAja kI racanA neminAtha aura rAjula hai| AcArya khUbacaMda jI mahArAja ne pradyumna aura zAMbakumAra kI DhAla banAyI / jaina divAkara cauthamala jI mahArAja ne bhagavAna neminAtha aura puruSottama zrIkRSNa 38 tathA marudharakezarI zrI mizrImala jI mahArAja kA mahAbhArata7 va pravartaka zaklacaMda jI mahArAja38 tathA pravartaka saryamuni jI mahArAja kA mahAbhArata bhI sundara racanAeM haiN| terApaMthI muniyoM ko bhI aneka racanAeM milatI paM0 kAzInAtha jaina kA neminAtha caritra bhI eka suMdara kRti hai| zodha-saMpAdana ke Aja ke yuga meM aneka Adhunika pratibhAzAlI sAhityakAroM ne apane kauzala kA paricaya dete hae zrIkRSNa saMbaMdhI carita ko apane-apane rUpoM aura AkAroM meM prastuta kiyA hai| jayapura, jodhapura, khaNDapa, pIpAr3a, udayapura Adi sthAnakavAsI bhaNDAroM meM aneka grantha surakSita haiN| paM0 sukhalAlajI ne "cAra tIrthaMkara" meM aura paMDita kailAzacanda jI ne 'jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ko pUrvapIThakA' meM zrIkRSNacarita kI jaina paraMparA se anumodita jhAMkI prastuta kI hai| zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ne 'prAcIna jaina granthoM meM zrIkRSNa kA nAma' ke lekhoM dvArA vyavasthita rUpa meM saMkSipta kiMtu Thosa va prAmANika zrIkRSNa-jIvana ke prasaMga prastuta kie haiN| 'arahaMta nemi aura vAsudeva zrIkRSNa' meM zrIcandajI rAmapuriyA kA bhI aisA hI saphala upakrama hamAre sAmane AtA hai| zrI mahAvIra koTiyA ne "jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa" jaise lekhoM ke mAdhyama se zrIkRSNa carita ko adabhata kauzala ke sAtha jJApita kiyA hai| zrI koTiyA ke aise atyadhika mahattvapUrNa lekha jinavANI patrikA meM sAdara sthAna prApta karate rahe haiN|41 'muni hajArImala abhinaMdana graMtha' meM isa saMbaMdha meM zrI koTiyA kI pratibhA kA paricaya milA hai| 35. saM0 pUjya zrI deveMdra munijI "nemavANI" 36. bhagavAna neminAtha aura puruSottama zrIkRSNa, pra0 byAvara 37. pAMDava yazorasAyana (mahAbhArata) le. marudharakesarI mizrImala, 38. mahAbhArata, pravartaka zuklacaMdajI, pra0 aMbAlA paMjAba 36. mahAbhArata, sUryamuni jI 40. muni dhanarAja jI, jaina mahAbhArata Adi / 41. jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya viSayaka lekha-jinavANI patrikA,

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 165 prAcIna aura arvAcIna jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa caritra ke anekAneka prasaMga avyavasthita rUpa se bikhare par3e haiN| inakA saMkalana aura inheM vyavasthita rUpa dekara jaina dRSTi se zrIkRSNa kA samagra vyaktitva eka sAtha ubhArane ke bhI adhyavasAya pUrNa kuzala prayatna hue haiN| isa dRSTi se pUjya yuvAcArya madhukaramuni jI va pUjyapAda deveMdramuni jI Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| madhukara munijI kI 'jaina kathAmAlA kI' racanA ke virATa prayatna ko sabhI dizAoM se sAdhuvAda milA hai unhoMne apane "jaina zrIkRSNa kathA" meM vibhinna Agama va Agametara graMthoM se apekSita prasaMgoM kA cayana kara zrIkRSNa carita ko bar3I kauzalatA ke sAtha rUpAyita kiyA hai| isI prakAra pUjyavAda zrI deveMdra muni jI zAstrI ne apane 'bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogIzrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana graMtha' meM athaka zramazIlatA, vidvattA, bahuzrutatA aura bahujJatA kA paricaya dete hue aneka graMthoM se apekSita sAmagrI juTAkara zrIkRSNa kA jo jaina paraMparA saMmata svarUpa khar3A kiyA hai vaha eka zlAghanIya aura stutya kArya hai| isa graMtha dvArA vidvAna lekhaka ne aneka jaina mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana aura jaina darzana ke aneka mUlabhUta vicAroM kA sugama saMpreSaNa bhI kiyA hai aura sAtha hI zrIkRSNa ke saMpUrNa caritra ko isa kauzala ke sAtha rUpAyita kiyA hai ki jaina paraMparA dvArA svIkArya svarUpa meM zrIkRSNa ke caritra ko sabhI vizeSatAeM svataH hI vyakta hokara nikhara uThI haiN| isa graMtha meM muni jI kI maulikatA aura zodhapradhAna dRSTi vizeSa draSTavya hai|43 (1) harivaMza purANa harivaMza purANa ke racayitA zAlivAhana the, jinasena kRta harivaMza purANa (saMskRta) ke AdhAra para yaha racA gayA hai| racayitA ne isakA ullekha apanI racanA kI pratyeka saMdhi ke aMta meM isa prakAra diyA hai :-'iti zrI harivaMzapurANe saMgrahe bhavyasamaMgala karaNe AcArya-zrIjinasena-viracite tasyopadeze zrIzAlivAhana vircite|' yaha graMtha saMvat 1665 san 1638 meM racA gayA jisakA kavi ne isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai saMvat sorahasai tahAM bhaye, tApara paMcAnava gahe / mAghamAsa kRSNa pachi jAni, somavAra subhavAra bakhAni // 3 // 78 // yaha racanA jaba ho rahI thI taba lekhaka Agare meM rahatA thA tathA vahIM para yaha racanA pUrNa kI gayI thI, usa samaya zAhajahAM Agare meM rAjya karatA thA / isakA bhI ullekha42. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI : zrIkRSNa eka anuzIlana-deveMdramuni zAstrA

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166 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya nagara AgarA uttama thAnu, zAhajahAM sAhi die manu bhAnu ( 3-8 1 ) 43 kaI sthAnoM para isa graMtha kI hastalikhita pratiyAM upalabdha haiM / 48 isa racanA kI 12 se 26 saMdhiyoM meM zrIkRSNa kA caritra varNita huA hai / prathama saMdhi meM 24 tIrthakaroM kI va sarasvatI mAtA kI vaMdanA hai / dUsarI, tIsarI saMdhi meM trailokya vaMdana, cauthI saMdhi meM tIrthakara RSabhadeva aura cakravartI bharata kA caritra varNana hai / 5 se 11 taka kI saMdhiyoM meM 21 tIrthaMkaroM, 12 cakravartI, 8 baladeva, 8 vAsudeva aura 8 prativAsudevoM kA saMkSipta caritra hai / isake bAda saMpUrNa kRti meM 22 veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi aura navama vAsudeva kRSNa caritra kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana huA hai / sAtha hI kRSNa ke laghubhrAtA gajasukumAla tathA putra pradyumna kumAra kA varNana bhI avAMtara prasaMgoM meM AyA hai / bhASA rAjasthAnI se prabhAvita vraja hai / dohA, caupAI chaMdoM meM racita isa racanA meM kRSNa ke vIratva ko adhika ubhArA gayA hai / kaMsa kI malla - zAlA meM kRSNa-parAkrama kA varNana karate hue kavi ne likhA hai : caDUna malla uThyo kAla samAna, vajramuSTi deyata samAra / jAni kRSNa donoM kara gahe, phera pAI dharatI paru cahe ||1|| 44 rukmiNI haraNa ke prasaMga meM kRSNa jaba pAMcajanya zaMkha phUkate haiM to saMpUrNa dharAmaMDala tharatharA uThA va zatrugaNa kaMpita ho uThe45 - laI rukmiNI ratha car3hAI: paMcAiNa taba pUrIyo / nisuni vayaNu saba sena kaMpyo mahimaNDala tharaharIyo / meru kamaTha tathA zeSa kaMpyA mahalo jAi pukAriyo / puhumi rAhu avadhAriyo, rukmiNI hari le gayo // 2 // isa prakAra yuddha kA kavi ne bar3A utkRSTa varNana kara kAvyakRti meM camatkAra bhara diyA hai| sAtha hI jarAsaMdha yuddha meM bhI yaha vIratva sAkAra ho uThA hai / jo cakra jarAsaMdha kA kRSNa ke Upara vAra karane ke liye uThA thA 43. harivaMzapurANa (eka pratilipi), zrI pallIvAla digaMbara jaina maMdira, dhuliyAgaMja, AgarA, pratilipikAla saMvat 1808 hai / dUsarI prati Amera zAstra bhAMDAra, jayapura -- pratilipi saMvat 1756 hai / 44. zAlivAhana kRta harivaMzapurANa (hastalikhita AgarA prati, patra 45 / 1780-81 45. vahI - - patra 52 / 1653 /

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 167 vahI cakra kRSNa kI pradakSiNA karake dAhine hAtha para sthira ho kara punaH zrIkRSNa dvArA chor3e jAne para usI cakra ne jarAsaMdha kA siraccheda kara diyA hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM dekhiye taba mAgadhatA sanmukha gayo, cakra phirAI hAki kari lyo| tApara cakra DAriyo jAmA, tInoM loka kaMpIyo tAmA // hari ko namaskAra kari jAni, dAhine hAtha caDhyo so Ani / taba pArAyaNa chAMDyo soi, mAgadha TUka ratana sira hoI // 46 yuddha kA kavi ne ojasvI zabdoM dvArA tathA ojasvI bhASA meM samarthatA pUrNa varNana kiyA hai jo draSTavya hai sesapAla aru bhIkhama rAu, paidala mile Na sujhai ThAMDa / dhIraNa muMdate uchalI kheha, jANo garaje bhAdoM meha // sAraMga pANI dhana ka le hAtha, zazipAle paThau jamasAtha / hAki pachADi uThe doU vIra, barase bANa zayaNa ghanaghora // 47 prastuta kRti meM zrIkRSNa ke dUdha-dahI khAne aura phailAne kA suMdara, vivecana hai / yathA Apuna khAI gvAla ghara deI, dharakI kSAra virANo ehA leI / ghara-ghara bAsaNa phoDe jAI, dUdha-dahI saba lehi chiDAI // 48 (2) khuzAlacaMda kAlA kRta harivaMza purANa aura uttara purANa : ina donoM pustakoM kI hastalikhita pratiyAM jaina graMtha bhaNDAra Amera zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura, bAbA dulIcaMda zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura tathA saugAniyoM kA maMdira, karaulI rAjasthAna meM upalabdha haiN| jinasenAcArya kRta saMskRta harivaMza purANa aura guNabhadrAcArya kRta saMskRta uttarapurANa kI zailI meM donoM graMtha race gae haiN| prathama kRti kI racanA saMvat 1730 (san 1673) aura dUsarI kI racanA saMvat 1766 (san 1742) meM pUrNa huI, aisA ullekha svayaM lekhaka ne graMtha kI samApti meM diyA hai / 49 46. harivaMzapurANa : AgarA prati 25.1.4 / 47. vahI-patra 52/1968 va 1663 / 48. harivaMzapurANa, AgarA prati, 1707-1708 46. uttarapurANa le. khuzAlacaMda kAlA (ukta hastalikhita prati pR0 308, chaMda 61. 107 1)

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya ina graMthoM ke racayitA jAti se digaMbara jaina the aura inakA janma ToDA ( jayapura ) grAma meM huA / isake bAda ye sAMgAnera meM jAkara basa gaye aura yahIM para donoM graMtha race gaye / 168 harivaMza purANa aura uttarapurANa meM paraMparAgata jaina kathA vastuvivecana hai / harivaMzapurANa meM tIrthakara ariSTanemi, unake samakAlIna kRSNa, balarAma aura jarAsaMdha Adi zalAkA puruSoM kA varNana hai / uttarapurANa meM RSabhadeva ke atirikta 23 anya tIrthakaroM aura unake samakAlIna zalAkA puruSoM ke saMkSipta carita varNita haiN| donoM kRtiyoM kI bhASA bolacAla kI sarala hiMdI hai tathA donoM meM prasAda guNa pAyA jAtA hai / chaMdoM kI dRSTi se caupAI, dohA, soraThA Adi mAtrika chaMdoM ka prayoga huA hai / sarga ke lie saMdhi zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / paraMparAgata tIna zreSTha jaina puruSa vyaktiyoM kA isameM samAveza hai / yahAM para donoM meM se kucha udAharaNa die jAte haiM 1 - devAM vana meM jAya, megha tanI varasA karI / 50 govardhana girirAya, kRSNa uThAya cApasI / dUsarA udAharaNa mallayuddha prasaMga kA hai, yathA2 -- jAke sammukha doDyo jAya, deta upAri laye umagAya / tAhi daMta thakI gaja mArI, hasti bhAgi calI pura makAri // tAhi jIti zobhita bhae, kaMsa Apa malla mati lakhitae // rudhira pravAha kI viparIta, dekha krodha dhari kari taji nIti // Apa malla ke AyAM sAtha, taba hari vega ari nidha joya // caraNa pakari taba layo uThAya, paMkhi sana uta tAhi phirAya / / pheri dharaNi paTakyo tabe, kRSNa koya upanAya / mAnU yamarAjA taNI, saule bheTa car3hAya // 51 isameM kRSNa ke vIra svarUpa kA utsAha ke sAtha varNana hai / jarAsaMdha ke sAtha hue yuddha meM kRSNa kA yahI parAkrama apane pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa huA hai / 50. harivaMzapurANa pannA 64, chaMda 47 / 51. uttarapurANa pannA 200, chaMda 3 se 6 /

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 166 donoM kRtiyAM kRSNa kI vIratA aura aise parAkramoM ke aneka varNanoM se bharI par3I haiN| (3) neminAtha rAsa : zrIkRSNa carita se saMbaddha upalabdha rAsa sAhitya meM "neminAtha rAsa" prAcInatama kAvya hai| isakA racanA kAla vi0 saM0 1270 mAnA jAtA hai|52 isake kartA sumati gaNi haiM jo kharataragacchIya zrI jinapatisUri ke ziSya the| racanAkAra kA nAmollekha graMtha kI puSpikA meM huA hai : ___ "iti zrI nemikumAra rAsa paNDita sumatigaNi viracitaH // " kRtikAra sumati gaNi rAjasthAna ke nivAsI the-aisA svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaisalamera durga ke bar3e bhaNDAra meM "neminAtha rAsa" kI eka hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai| bhASA kI daSTi se isa kAvya-racanA kA ati mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha prAraMbhika hiMdI kI eka praur3ha aura suMdara racanA hai| yaha usa kAla kI racanA hai jaba ki hiMdI meM atyalpa racanAeM ho rahI thiiN| taba isa prakAra kI paripakva racanAeM to aura bho kama thiiN| yahI isakA mahatva hai| zrIkRSNa-vRttAMta : neminAtha rAsa nAyaka pradhAna zIrSaka hai aura isase svataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa rAsa kAvya kA mala pratipAdya viSaya bhagavAna neminAtha kA jIvana caritra hai| tathApi prAsaMgika rUpa meM zrIkRSNa kA caritra bhI varNita huA hai / neminAtha aura rAjula kA pariNaya isa graMtha meM pramukha varNya viSaya rahA hai aura itihAsa sAkSI hai ki isa sAre prasaMga meM zrIkRSNa kI bhUmikA na kevala vizada apitu mahatvapUrNa bhI rahI hai / aisI sthiti meM zrIkRSNa kA vRttAMta isa racanA meM vyApakatA ke sAtha Aye to svAbhAvika hI hai| ___"neminAtha rAsa" meM zrIkRSNa dvArakA ke parama zaktizAlI aura parAkramI nareza ke rUpa meM vaNita hue haiN| unakI vibhinna rAniyoM-vizeSataH satyabhAmA kA paricaya bhI vistAra se diyA gayA hai| vibhinna choTe-choTe prasaMgoM meM zrIkRSNa kA ullekha mAtra hI prastuta kAvya meM milatA hai| unake caritra aura carita kA vyavasthita evaM kramika vikAsa nahIM hai| 52. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana, le. deveMdra muni zAstrI, pra. tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura /

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jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya 200 kAvyarUpa evaM sAhityika sauSThava : prastuta racanA eka caritra kAvya hai arthAt yaha eka prabaMdha kAvya hai / kathAnaka kI parIkSA karane para yaha eka khaMDa kAvya siddha hotA hai / eka saphala khaMDakAvya caritanAyaka neminAtha ke jIvana kI eka atimahatvapUrNa ghaTanApariNaya prasaMga kathAnaka ke keMdra meM rahI hai / neminAtha carita kI sImA meM rahakara kAvya isI ke irdagirda ghUmatA rahA hai / nAyaka ke caritra kA udghATana bar3e hI kauzala ke sAtha huA hai / rasa, alaMkAra yojanA, zailI, vastuvidhAna, prabaMdhAtmakatA Adi sabhI vizeSatAoM se yukta prastuta khaMDa kAvya eka uttama kRti hai / kathAnaka evaM usakI saMracanA : jaina paurANika graMthoM meM upalabdha neminAtha AkhyAna prastuta khaMDakAvya * kA AdhAra rahA hai / vRSNivaMzIya samudravijaya sauriyapura nagara ke rAjA the / rAjA samudravijaya aura rAnI zivA devI rAjakumAra nemi ke janaka - jananI the / ina dinoM dvArakA ke samudra rAjya ke svAmI zrIkRSNa rAjakumAra ke cacere bhAI the / dvArakA meM hI samudravijaya kA bhI nivAsa thA aura nemikumAra kA bAlyakAla dvArakA meM zrIkRSNa ke sAtha hI vyatIta huA / AraMbha se hI sabhI sukha-suvidhAoM evaM vaibhava se paripUrNa paristhitiyoM ke hote hue bhI mi nirlipta mana ke svAmI rahe / sukhopabhoga ke prati unameM vikarSaNa kA bhAva hI pradhAna rahA / vaya hone para zrIkRSNa dvArA nemikumAra kA vivAha rAjA ugrasena kI rAjakumArI rAjula ke sAtha nizcita kara diyA gayA / toraNa dvAra para pahuMcate-pahuMcate bhoja ke lie bAMdha rakhe pazuoM kA karuNa kraMdana sunakara vara nemikumAra ko saMsAra se virakti ho AyI aura ve anabyAhe hI lauTa Ae / revataka parvata ( giranAra ) para tapasyA lIna neminAtha ko kevala jJAna kI prApti huI aura ve arhanta kahalAe / rAjImatI ne bhI inake sAnnidhya meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| kAlAMtara meM donoM ko mokSa prApta huA / saMkSepa meM "neminAtha rAsa" kA yahI ghaTanAkrama hai / zAstrIya dRSTi se dekhA jAya to kArya vyApAra kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke ucita nirvAha se kathAnaka - vikAsa bhI saphalatA ke sAtha huA hai / neminAtha dvArA kaivalya-prApti isa kathAnaka meM uddezya athavA phala hai / sAMsArika sukha-suvidhAoM ke prati udAsInatA kA bhAva aura nirliptatA caritanAyaka ke jIvana ke isa rUpa meM AraMbha avasthA dikhAI detI hai / virakti hI to

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 201 kaivalya yA mokSamArga kA prathama caraNa hai| zrIkRSNa apanI rAniyoM kI sahAyatA se nemikumAra ko saMsArAbhimukha banAne aura vivAha ke lie tatpara karane kA prayatna karate haiM / yaha vighna kI avasthA hai| kiMtu, rAniyAM asaphala raha jAtI haiN| yaha nAyakadvArA phalaprApti kI AzA dikhAnevAlI sthiti prAptyAzA kI avasthA hai| nemikumAra varaveSa meM rAjula ke dvAra kI ora bar3hate haiN| yahAM phalaprApti ke mArga meM vAstavika aura prabala vighna upasthita ho jAtA hai| kiMtu, jaba ve nirIha pazuoM kA karuNa-kraMdana sunakara virakti bhAvanA se prerita hokara toraNadvAra se lauTa Ate haiM to yahAM sArI virodhI paristhitiyAM parAbhUta ho jAtI haiN| phalaprApti nizcita ho jAtI hai / yaha niyatApti kI avasthA hai / aMta meM kaThora tapasAdhanA dvArA ve nirvANa prApta kara lete haiM jo kathAnaka kA lakSya hai / yaha phalAgama kI avasthA hai / arthaprakRtiyoM aura saMdhiyoM kA nirvAha bhI isa kathAnaka meM saphalatA ke sAtha huA hai| kathAnaka sarvathA kasA huA hai aura kahIM bhI zithilatA nahIM A pAI hai| mAtra 58 chaMdoM meM hI sArI kathA vaNita kara dI gayI hai| isa dRSTi se bhI yaha khaMDakAvya hI mAnA jaavegaa| caritracitraNa : khaMDakAvya kI prakRti ke anurUpa nAyaka kI cAritrika vizeSatAoM kA udghATana karanA hI racanAkAra kA pramukha lakSya hotA hai| anya pAtroM kA caritra-citraNa gauNa hotA hai aura vaha nAyaka ke caritra ko ubhArane meM sahAyaka mAtra hotA hai / "neminAtha rAsa" bhI isa sAmAnya siddhAMta kA apavAda nahIM hai| isameM nAyaka neminAtha ko caritracitraNa kI dRSTi se pramukhatA prApta huI hai / neminAtha zreSTha rAjakulotpanna atisuMdara aura sarvaguNa saMpanna rAjakumAra haiM aura aMtataH tIrthaMka ratva ke gaurava se maMDita hote haiM / nAyakocita garimA se yukta nemikumAra balazAlI haiN| bAlyAvasthA se hI zrIkRSNa ke zastrAgAra meM jAkara unhoMne apanI zakti kA jo paricaya diyA hai vaha isakA pramANa hai| ve zrIkRSNa ke dhanuSa ko TaMkArita kara dete haiM, jinheM zrIkRSNa ke atirikta anya koI bhI nahIM car3hA sakatA thaa| pAMcajanya zaMkha ko ve Asphurita kara dete haiM, jisake AspharaNa se svayaM zrIkRSNa cauMka par3ate haiN| sarva sukha-suvidhA sulabha hone para bhI ve saMsAra ke prati AkRSTa nahIM hote / ina sukhoM ko asAra mAnakara ve inase udAsIna rahate haiN| rAjya aura vaibhava ke prati unheM tIvra virakti thii| yahI virakti prastuta kAvya meM aneka sthaloM para vyakta huI hai tathA uttarottara vikasita hotI hai / yahI udAsInatA

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202 jana-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya aMtataH unake saMsAra se virakta hone meM sahAyaka hotI hai| kaThora tapa-sAdhanA ke pariNAma svarUpa unheM kaivalya va kAlAMtara meM mokSa bhI prApta hotA hai| anya pAtra : ___ nAyaka neminAtha ke atirikta bhI anya kucha pAtra aise haiM jinakI cAritrika vizeSatAoM kA citraNa isa prakAra se haA hai ki unake nAyaka ke caritragata vaiziSTya ko ujAgara karane meM to sahAyatA milI hI hai, sAtha hI saMbaMdhita pAtroM ke caritra ko bhI mahatvapUrNa avakAza prApta huA hai| aise pAtroM meM agragaNya haiM rAjImatI (raajl)| isake atirikta jinapAtroM kA prAsaMgika ullekha milatA hai ve haiM-rAjA samudravijaya, rAnI zivAdevI, dvArakAdhIza zrIkRSNa, balabhadra, zrIkRSNa kI agramahiSiyAM (paTrAniyAM), rAjula ke pitA rAjA ugrasena Adi / pramukhatA ke krama meM ina sahAyaka pAtroM meM rAjImatI ke pazcAt zrIkRSNa kA hI sthAna hai| kiMtu, jaisA ki pUrva meM varNita kiyA jA cukA hai, unakA caritragata vikAsa isa kRti meM citrita nahIM ho pAyA hai, sphuTa vizeSatAeM hI yatra-tatra AbhAsita ho pAyI haiN| rasayojanA : / prastuta kAvya "neminAtha rAsa" eka bhAvapUrNa aura sarasa saphala khaMDakAvya hai, isameM zAnta rasa kA prAdhAnya hai| yaha kahanA par3egA ki isameM vItarAga rasa hai| cAritrika vizeSatAoM ko dekhate hue svayaM nAyaka neminAtha to nirveda ke hI pratirUpa lagate haiN| bAlyakAla se hI sAMsArika sukhoM ke prati unakI udAsInatA, rAjya-vaibhava ke prati unakI nirliptatA kI bhAvanA, nirIha pazaoM kA karuNa-kraMdana sUnakara toraNa dvAra se bhI avivAhita lauTa AnA Adi nAyaka ke nirveda bhAva ko spaSTataH vyakta kara dete haiN| neminAtha ke isa svarUpa se prabhAvita hokara rAjImatI dvArA dIkSA grahaNa kiyA jAnA bhI isI vItarAga rasa kI yAne zAMtarasa kI prabalatA meM sahAyaka huA hai| aMtataH neminAtha kaivalya prApta karate haiM isa prakAra khaMDakAvya kA samApana bhI zAMtarasa meM hI hotA hai| ise maiM vItarAga rasa mAnatA huuN| zAMtarasa kI isa pradhAnatA ke sAtha-sAtha karuNa aura zRMgAra rasoM ko bhI sthAna milA hai| rAjImatI kA vivAha jaba yAdava-kUlaratna ariSTanemi ke sAtha nizcita ho jAtA hai to manojJa pati ke prApti kI isa kalpanA se rAjImatI atyaMta harSita ullasita aura gavita hotI hai| bhAvI jIvana kI garimApUrNa svapnarAzi meM vaha nimagna sI ho jAtI hai| bhaviSya kI usakI

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa- sAhitya aura anya 203 udAtta kalpanA aura umaMga vikasita hote-hote usa samaya carama avasthA para pahuMca jAtI hai jaba ki varaveza meM nemikumAra toraNa dvAra taka pahuMcate haiM / kiMtu, isI samaya usakI sArI AzAoM para tuSArapAta ho jAtA hai / nemikumAra toraNa se hI lauTa jAte haiN| bAhara-bhItara se sajI saMvArI rAjakumArI rAjImatI kA sArA zRMgAra kraMdana meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / yaha karuNApUrNa prasaMga hRdayadrAvaka hai / zRMgAra ke saMyoga pakSa kA paTAkSepa ho jAtA hai aura vipralaMbha kA dvAra khulatA hai / isa sthala se rAjula dvArA dIkSA grahaNa ke prasaMga taka yahI viyoga zRMgAra rasa calatA hai tathA aMta meM vItarAga rasa meM usakI pariNati ho jAtI hai / nemakumAra ke bAlavarNana meM vAtsalya rasa kI bhI suMdara jhAMkI milatI hai / isa prakAra kAvyAkRti meM vAtsalya, saMyoga-viyoga, karuNa aura vizeSa prakAra se zAMta rasa arthAt vItarAgI rasa kA suMdara nirvAha huA hai / bhASA chaMda evaM alaMkAra yojanA : prastuta kAvya prAraMbhika hiMdI meM racita, apane yuga kI eka atisuMdara kRti hai | hiMdI kA yaha AraMbhika rUpa thA tathApi bhASA kA jo soSThava evaM pravAha dRSTigata hotA hai usase kavi kI bhASA kA sAmarthya pratIta hotA hai / bhASA ke jisa rUpa kA vyavahAra prastuta racanA meM milatA hai, vaha tatkAlIna loka pracalita janasAmAnya kI bhASA thI / kadAcit yaha bhI eka pramukha kAraNa thA ki apane yuga meM rAsaka kAvya ke rUpa meM ukta kAvya ko apAra janapriyatA prApta huI / chaMda kI dRSTi se prastuta kRti meM AdyopAMta eka hI paddhati kA nirvAha dRSTigata hotA hai / samasta racanA meM dhUvar3a chaMda kA prayoga huA hai aura chaMdAMta meM eka-eka dvipadI milatI hai / prastuta khaMDa-kAvya meM alaMkAroM kA bar3A hI sahaja aura svAbhAvika prayoga huA hai / alaMkAra - prayoga se kAvya kA apanA maulika sauMdaryaM abhivardhita hI huA hai / alaMkAra svAbhAvikatA pUrvaka A gaye haiM, anAvazyaka va avAMchita avasthA meM ve nahIM dikhAyI dete haiM / kRti meM aneka sthaloM para upamA, utprekSA, anuprAsa Adi alaMkAroM kA suMdara prayoga draSTavya hai / (4) pradyumnarAsa: prastuta kRti ke lekhaka brahma rAyamala haiM / 17vIM zatI ke vidvAna saMtoM meM inakA ullekhanIya sthAna hai / ye muni anaMtakIrti ke ziSya the| rAjasthAna

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204 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRNa sAhitya ke vibhinna nagaroM meM jaise sAMgAnera, raNathambhora, sAMbhara, ToDArAyasiMha aura hArasola meM ye vicaraNa karate the / inakI racanAoM meM kramazaH nemIzvararAsa 1615 sudarzana rAsa 1626 1628 pradyumnarAsa paramahaMsa caupAI 1636 hanumaMtarAsa zrIpAla rAsa bhaviSyadatta rAsa tathA jambusvAmI caupAI, nirdoSa saptamI kathA, AdityavAra kathA, caMdragupta svapna caupAI, ciMtAmaNi jayamAla, jyeSTha jinavara kathA aura 46 ThANA, 1616 1630 1633 sabhI inakI racita kRtiyAM haiM / ina kRtiyoM kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai tathA ye gItAtmaka zailI meM likhI huI haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki kavi athavA unake ziSya ina kRtiyoM ko sunAyA karate the / bhaviSyadatta rAsa sarvottama kRti mAnI gayI hai / yahAM para hamane isakA saMkSipta paricaya denA hI ucita samajhA kyoMki pradyumna kA caritra vistRta rUpa meM pUrva hI vivecita kara cukA hUM / isakI kathA bhI prAyaH vahI hai / DA0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla kI pustaka anya jAnakArI ke liye draSTavya hai 1 53 (5) pradyumnacarita : kavi sadhAru kRta pradyamna carita kI racanA saMvata 1411 (san 1354 ) kI mAnI jAtI hai / yaha bhI eka prakAzita racanA hai| 54 pradyumnacaritaH prastAvanA pR0 26 dekhie / kRti meM zrIkRSNa - vRttAMta : prastuta prabaMdha racanA ke carita nAyaka kRSNa ke rukmiNI se utpanna putra pradyumnakumAra haiN| unhIM kA carita pramukhatA ke sAtha varNita hai / kiMtu, pradyumnakumAra zrIkRSNa-rukmiNI ke putra haiM isa nAte prAsaMgika rUpa meM zrIkRSNa carita kA varNana bhI svAbhAvika hI lagatA hai / kAvyAraMbha meM hI 53. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya : DA0 kasturacaMda kAsalIvAla, saMska0, 1977 pR0208, 206, prakAzaka, prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura 54. pradyumnacarita, saMpA0, paM0 cainasukhadAsa va DA0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla,

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 205 dvArakA nagarI kA vizada vaibhava aura sauMdarya atyaMta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se aMkita kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI dvArakAdhIza zrIkRSNa ke bala, vikrama aura zaurya kA yazogAna bhI huA hai / nAyaka pradyumnakumAra ke janaka-jananI hone ke nAte isa yugala zrIkRSNa aura rukmiNI ke vivAhAdi ke sUtroM ko bhI kathAnaka meM samucita mahatva diyA gayA hai / yathA-zrIkRSNa dvArA rukmiNI haraNa kI kathA, zizupAla (rukmiNI ke lie niyata kiyA gayA vara) ke vadha kA prasaMga Adi aise hI prasaMga haiM, jo saMpUrNa kathAnaka meM samagratA lAne kI dRSTi se anivArya bhI haiM, jinake dvArA zrIkRSNa vRttAMta kA samAveza isa carita kAvya meM svataH hI ho gayA hai| aise prasaMgoM ke varNana meM kavi ne utsAha bhI dikhAyA hai| ina kathAsUtroM ke mAdhyama se zrIkRSNa ke caritra kI aneka vizeSatAeM (yathA zaurya parAkrama zakti sAhasAdi) udghATita ho gayI haiM tathA itara prasaMgoM meM bhI zrIkRSNa caritra kI ina vizeSatAoM ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| prabaMdha ke aMtima do sargoM meM to zrIkRSNa kI dharmaniSThA kA atyaMta prabhAvazAlI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH zrIkRSNa-vRttAMta kI dRSTi se "pradyumnacarita" eka atyaMta mahatvapUrNa kRti mAnI jAtI hai| kathAnaka ko saMracanA : __ kavi ne 701 padyoM meM pradyumna kI kathA kaho hai jo 6 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai| ghaTanAoM kA krama zRMkhalAbaddha hai| yaha kAvya pracalita rUpa meM jaina paraMparA dvArA mAnya pradyumnacaritra hI hai| isa kAvya meM yahI varNita hai aura isake kathAnaka ke AdhAra jaina paurANika graMtha hI rahe haiN| kathAnaka kI dRSTi se racanA meM kavi ke prabaMdha-kauzala kA bhI spaSTa paricaya milatA hai| __ zrIkRSNa dvArakA ke nareza aura satyabhAmA unakI paTarAnI hai| svacchaMda vihArI nArada jI kA dvArakA Agamana hotA hai| satyabhAmA dvArA upekSA pAkara nArada jI kSubdha ho gae aura usakA garva cUra karane kI yukti khojane lge| kuMDanapura nareza rAjA bhISma kI trilokasuMdarI kanyA rukmiNI ko unhoMne mAdhyama mAnA aura prayatnapUrvaka zrIkRSNa aura rukmiNI ke madhya praNaya saMbaMdha sthApita kara diyaa| donoM pArasparika moha se grasta ho, eka dUsare ko prApta karane kI kAmanA karane lagate haiM / jaba nArada jI sUcita karate haiM ki rukmiNo kA pariNaya zizupAla ke sAtha honA nizcita ho gayA hai to zrIkRSNa rukmiNI kA haraNa kara lete haiM aura virodha karane para zizapAla kA vadha kara dete haiN| dvArakA meM zrIkRSNa-rukmiNI vivAha saMpanna hotA hai| aura kAlAMtara meM rukmiNI rAjakumAra pradyumna ko janma detI hai / cha hI dina

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206 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya pazcAt asura dhUmaketu zizu pradyumnakumAra kA apaharaNa kara letA hai| vidyAdhara rAjA kAlasaMvara ke yahIM yaha zizu poSita hone lagatA hai / kAlasaMvara kI rAnI kanakamAlA vAtsalyabhAva ke sAtha pradyumna ko rakhatI hai| 12 varSa kI Ayu kA bAlaka pradyumna isI parivAra meM apanA jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| vaha aneka vidyAoM aura kalAoM meM niSNAta ho jAtA hai| kizora pradyumna atyanta suMdara thaa| usakA vyaktitva bar3A AkarSaka aura prabhAvazAlI thA aura zastra-saMcAlana meM kuzala bhI thaa| yaha kizora bar3A parAkramI thaa| isa avadhi ke pazcAt vaha dvArakA pahuMcatA hai aura apane mAtA-pitA se milatA hai| zrIkRSNa pradyumna kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara dete haiM aura usakA vivAha bhI karA dete haiN| sudIrgha sukhI jIvana vyatIta karane ke pazcAta bhagavAna neminAtha ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara pradyamnakumAra kaThora tapazcaryA dvArA ghAtika karmoM kA kSaya karake kaivalya lAbha karate haiM aura Ayu ke aMta meM siddha pada prApta kara lete haiN| yahI ghaTanAkrama "pradyumnacarita' meM apanAyA gayA hai| prabaMdha kAvya kI dRSTi se ukta kathAnaka sarvathA sugaThita aura susaMbaddha hai| mUla kathA ke atirikta katipaya avAMtara kathAeM bhI samAviSTa haiM, yathArukmiNI-haraNa, nArada kI videha kSetra kI yAtrA, siMharatha-yuddha, udadhi kumAra kA apaharaNa, mAnakumAra kA vivAha, subhAnukumAra evaM zAMbakumAra kI cUta krIr3A Adi / ina saMkSipta kathAsUtroM se pravAha meM bAdhA nahIM AyI hai apitu isase vibhinna kathA-prasaMgoM ko sakAraNa banAne aura unheM paraspara saMbaddha karane kA saphala prayAsa huA hai| isa prayAsa se kAvya aura adhika prabhAvazAlI evaM manoraMjaka bhI ho gayA hai aura sAtha hI jJAnavardhaka bhii| nAyaka dvArA kaivalya lAbha hI isa kAvya meM bhI kathAnaka kA phala rahA hai| kiMtu, kathAnaka kA zeSAMza pradyumnakumAra ke aise carita ko vaNita nahIM karatA hai jisameM phala kI sArI prakriyA kA sanniveza ho| arthAta vibhinna avasthAoM ke nirvAha kI ora kavi kA dhyAna nahIM rahA hai / usakA pratipAdya to mAtra paraMparAgata pradyumna kathA hI raha gayI hai| nAyaka ke lie saMgharSapUrNa paristhitiyAM bhI bAra-bAra AyIM avazya haiM / ye paristhitiyAM phala prApti ke mArga meM vyavadhAna svarUpa nahIM haiN| na hI kisI eka pratinAyaka se yaha saMgharSa hotA hai| sIdhA-sapATa kathAnaka mAtra yahI uddezya rakhatA hai ki pradyumna kumAra ke zauryapUrNa jIvana kI suMdara jhalaka hameM mila jAe kiMtu kathA

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 207 kAvya kA phala yaha nahIM hai / phalaprApti to nAyaka dvArA sahasA hI eka Akasmika ghaTanA ke rUpa meM ho gayI hai / usake lie prayatna krama kathAnaka meM dikhAI nahIM detA / na hI prayatnoM ko niSphala karane ke uddezya se bAdhAeM haiM aura na bAdhAoM ko samApta karane ko nAyaka kI ceSTAeM hI / ghAta-pratighAta kI yaha sthiti isa kAvya meM phalaprApti ke prayatnakrama ke abhAva meM hI nahIM A pAyI hai / isa dRSTi se prastuta kAvya avazya hI sadoSa hai / caritra-citraNa : I pradyumnakumAra prastuta carita kAvya kA nAyaka hai| rAjavaMzotpanna pradyumnakumAra isa prakAra abhijAta varga ke haiM / apane pitA zrIkRSNa kI bhAMti ve vIra aura parAkramI bhI haiM / jaina paraMparA meM ve puNyapuruSa kAmadeva ke rUpa meM pratiSThA prApta haiM / prastuta kAvya meM nAyaka pradyumnakumAra ke caritra kA jo rUpa avasthita huA hai, usake anusAra dhairya, sAhasa, zaurya, zaktimattA, sauMdarya zobhA aura udAttatA ke guNa unakI cAritrika vizeSatAeM haiM / zaurya evaM pratApa unakA vaMzAnugata hI nahIM janmajAta guNa bhI hai / kavi ne isa bAta ko ullekhita bhI kiyA hai / vizeSataH pradyumna carita ke vivecana kI vraja bhASA bahuta suMdara rUpa se prayukta hai - yathA sIhiNI sIhU jaNe jo bAlu, hastIjUha taNo Ne kAlu / jUha chADi gae vaNa r3hAU, tA kaha koNa kahe marivAu || 166 // arthAt siMhanI siMha zAvaka ko janma detI hai / vahI hAthiyoM ke jhuNDa ke lie kAla ke samAna hai / yadi apane samUha ko chor3akara siMha akelA hI vana meM nikala jAe to use kauna lalakAra sakatA hai / isa prakAra kI uktiyoM dvArA pradyumnakumAra ke sAhasa- nirbhIkatA, evaM zakti ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / ve yuddha kauzala meM apratima the / zrIkRSNa ke sAtha pradyumna ke yuddha ke pazcAt nArada jI zrIkRSNa ko unase paricita karAte hue kahate haiM yaha su mayaNu guruvo varavIra, raNa saMgrAma suhAsa dhIra / yA pariSa ko varNa, paNau yaha so pUta rukmiNI taNau // 55 vIra pradyumna se yuddha cher3anA ThIka vaisA hI thA jaise Ate hue vajra ko 55. yaha bar3A bhArI vIra hai tathA raNasaMgrAma meM dhIra evaM sAhasI hai / isake pauruSa kA adhika varNana kauna kara sakatA hai ? aisA yaha vIra rukmiNI kA putra hai /

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208 56 jhelanA yA sarpa ke mukha meM hAtha DAlanA / zaurya ke raMga meM raMgA huA lagatA hai / jaina - raMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya samagra kAvya hI unake apAra pradyumna kumAra ke atirikta zrIkRSNa, balarAma, rukmiNI, nArada, kAlasaMvara, kanakamAlA, bhAnukumAra Adi anya pAtroM ke caritra kA bhI yathAsaMbhava citraNa huA hai / rukmiNI kI atIva suMdaratA aura putra-prema, zrIkRSNa kI zaktimattA evaM parAkrama, balarAma kA bhrAtRsneha, satyabhAmA kI dva eSa bhAvanA, nArada kA jJAna evaM unakA krodha - pratizodha Adi suMdaratA ke sAtha citrita huA hai / rasa- yojanA : pradyumna carita kAvya meM yuddhoM ke varNana atireka ke sAtha milate haiM / zrIkRSNa zizupAla yuddha, pradyumna zrIkRSNa yuddha, pradyumna kAlasaMvara yuddha, pradyumna rukmi yuddha Adi aneka yuddhoM kA aisA vistRta varNana huA hai ki samagra kAvya meM vIra rasa kI dhArA hI pravAhita dRSTigata hotI hai, sarvatra oja hI oja hai / yuddhAraMbha se pUrva kA vIroM kA vArtAlApa bhI pUrNataH vIratva se hI rasasikta hai / yuddhoparAMta raNakSetra ke dRzya varNana meM bIbhatsa rasa, rukmiNI rUpa varNana evaM zrIkRSNa-rukmiNI milana meM zRMgAra rasa kI sRSTi bhI huI hai / aMta meM pradyumna virakta ho sAdhanAmArga grahaNa kara lete haiM aura isa sthala para zAMta rasa A jAtA hai / isa prakAra vIra rasa pradhAna isa prabaMdha meM anyAnya katipaya rasoM ko bhI upayukta aura samIcIna sthAna prApta huA hai / vIrarasa kA udAharaNa jAnane ke lie parAkramI rAjA kRSNa apanI talavAra hAtha meM lekara yuddha bhUmi meM aise virAjate haiM jaise ki yamarAja svayaM Akara upasthita ho gaye hoM / unake khaDga dhAraNa karane se samasta loka Akula vyAkula ho jAte haiM / devarAja iMdra aura zeSanAga bhI vyAkula ho uThate haiM / yathA tava tihi ghanahara ghAliu rAli, candra haMsakara liyo saMbhAli / bIju samisu camakai karavAlu, jANIsu jobha pasAre kAla || 56. sabaI vIra bolaI praja lei, Avata vajra holi ke leI / bisahara muha ghAle hattha, so mo sahu jujhaNaha samattho / 206 / /

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa- sAhitya aura anya jabahi kharaga hAtha hari layau, candra rayaNi cAMvai kara gahiu / ratha te utari cale bhara jAma, tIni bhuvana akulAne tAma || iMdu caMdu aNu me khalabhalau, jANau giriparvatau TalaTalaa / ana mA kahara suraMgini nAri, avayahu ihas kaisI mAri || 57 bhASA, chaMda evaM alaMkAra : pradyumnacarita braja bhASA kA kAvya hai aura yaha braja bhASA rAjasthAnI se prabhAvita hai / usa kAla meM braja meM vIra rasa kI itanI prabhAvapUrNa racanA dvArA isa kRti ke kartA ne eka adbhuta kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai / hAM, itanA avazya hai ki graMtha kI braja bhASA apabhraMza evaM rAjasthAnI se prabhAvita hai| 206 isa kAvya meM mukhyataH caupAI chaMda kA viziSTa prayoga huA hai| caupAI ke atirikta bhI katipaya anya chaMda prayukta hue haiM aura inameM dohA, soraThA, dhruvaka, vastubaMdha Adi pramukha chaMda haiN| prastuta racanA meM sthala-sthala para alaMkAroM kA suMdara aura AkarSaka prayoga huA hai / rUpaka, utprekSA, udAharaNa, svabhAvokti, upamA Adi ke prati kavi kA sneha isa kAvya meM adhika prakaTa huA hai / utprekSA ke katipaya prayoga to ullekhanIya hI haiM, jaise sena uThi bahu sAdu samudra, jANo upanau uthalyau samudra / narasahibANa sare asarAla, jANo ghaNa gAjara meghakAla | 58 pradyumnacarita isa prakAra hiMdI bhASA kI eka uttama kRti hai / (6) nemIzvara rAsa : prastuta kRti ke racayitA kavi nemicaMdra haiM / yaha racanA I0 san 1712 (vi0 saM0 1769) meM huI / kavi ne apanA vistRta paricaya, guru-paraMparA, kRti kA racanA kAla evaM sthAna kA paricaya meM kRti meM diyA hai / yathA -59 57. pradyumnacarita chaMda saMkhyA 536, 40, 41 / 58. pradyumnacarita, saM0 paM0 cainasukhadAsa va kasturacanda kAsalIvAla, 56. nemIzvararAsa, hastalikhita pratilipi vi0 saM0 1993, pratilipikAra pANDeya dayArAma, upalabdha Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura prati prapanna 27 / 1284

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210 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya aMbAvatI subhathAna, savAI jayasiMha mhaaraajii| pAtisAha rAkhe mAna, rAjakare parivAra syuM // 1 // aMbAvatI nagarI (Amera-jayapura) meM rAjA savAI jayasiMha kA rAjya hai| bAdazAha inakA sanmAna karatA hai| yahIM para prastuta kRti kI racanA racanAkAla kA ullekha isa prakAra huA haisasarAse guNahattare sudi Asoja dase ravi jANi to| rAsa racyo zrInemi ko, budhisAra meM kiyo vakhAMNa to / / 60 arthAt saMvata 1766 Asoja zaklA 10 ravivAra ko yaha racanA pUrNa huii| kavi ne apane guru kA nAma jagatkIti batalAyA hai jo mUlasaMdha, balAtkAra gaNa, sarasvatI gaccha ke AcArya the / prastuta racanA harivaMzapurANa ke AdhAra para racita hai harivaMza kI meM vAratA, kahI vividha prkaar| nemicandra kI vInatI, kaviyaNa leha sudhAra // 61 jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra isameM zrIkRSNa kA carita hai, kRti meM sargasUcaka zabda, "adhikAra" kA prayoga hai, kula 36 adhikAra haiN| kRti kA prAraMbha maMgalAcaraNa se kara ke prAraMbhika do adhikAroM meM zreSTha puruSoM kI vaMdanA hai, tRtIya adhikAra meM kathAvastu kA prAraMbha huA hai| zrIkRNa janma, bAla-lIlA, kaMsavadha, yAdavoM kA dvArikA nivAsa, rukmiNI-haraNa, zizupAla-vadha, neminAtha kA janma, kRSNa-jarAsaMdha yuddha, draupadI-haraNa, punaH kRSNa dvArA draupadI ko lAnA, kRSNa kA pAMDavoM para kupita honA tathA unakA hastinApura se nirvAsana, neminAtha, kA gahatyAga, tapa va kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi, dvArikA meM neminAtha ke Agamana ke prasaMga, kRSNa ke parijana rAniyoM, putroM Adi kA dIkSA grahaNa, dvArikA vinAza, kRSNa kA paramadhAma gamana, balarAma kI tapa aura mukti, ityAdi prasaMgoM kA kramazaH varNana AyA hai| prAraMbha meM kRSNa caritra ko tathA aMtima adhikAroM meM neminAtha caritra kI vivecanA hai| kRti ke pramukha pAtra zrIkRSNa haiM jinake vIratApUrvaka kAryoM kA ullekha hai jo ati suMdaratA se abhivyakta huA hai / yathA60. vahI-padasaMkhyA 1306 / 61. Amera zAstra bhaNDAra kI hastalikhita prati, padasaMkhyA-1272 /

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa- sAhitya aura anya kAnha gayo jaba cauka meM, cANUra Ayo tihi bAra / pakar3a pachADyo Avato, cANUra pahuMcyo yamadvAra // kaMsa kopa kari uThyo, pahuMcyo jAdurAya pe / eka palaka meM mAriyo, jamaghari pahu~cyo jAyato // jai jai kAra zabda huA, bAjA bAjyA sAra / kaMsa mAri ghIsyo tabe, palaka na lAi bAra 1182 zrIkRSNa dvArA govarddhana dhAraNa kI ghaTanA kA bhI kavi ne ullekha karate hue likhA hai haMso mana meM cintate, paravata goradhana liyo uThAya / ciTI AMgulI Upare, taliu yA saba gopI gAya // 83 kRti ke aMtima aMza meM kRSNa kI dharma viSayaka ruci aura neminAtha ke prati zraddhAbhAva kA varNana AyA hai namaskAra phiriphiri kiyo, prazna kiyo kezavarAya / bheda ko sapta tattvako, dharma-adharma kahyo jinarAya // 64 kRti meM kRSNa ke bAlagopAla svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue kavi ne zrIkRSNa ko dadhimAkhana khAne aura use phailAne kA citraNa bhI kiyA haimAMkhaNa khAyaru phailAya, mAta jasodA bAMdhe ANi te / pAyo Darape nahIM, mAtA taNIya na mAne kANi te / / kRSNa ke gopAla veza kA varNana dekhie kAnA kuNDala jagamage, tana sohe pItAmbara cIra to / mukuTa birAje ati bhalau, baMzI bajAve zyAma zarIrato 1185 211 isa kRti kI bhASA meM rAjasthAnI prabhAvita hiMdI ke tadbhava zabdoM kA bAhulya hai / dohA, soraThA, chaMdoM kA vizeSa rUpa se kavi ne prayoga kiyA hai (7) gajasukumAla rAsa : deveMdra sUri 62. hastalikhita padasaMkhyA 170-73 / 63. hastalikhita prati padasaMkhyA 184 | 64. vahI -- padasaMkhyA 110 / 65. hastalikhita prati, padasaMkhyA 168-66 /

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212 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya racanAkAla : vi0 saM0 1313 se 1324 ke madhyAnumAnita hai / upalabdhi : jaisalamera jJAna bhaNDAra tathA abhaya jaina graMthAlaya bIkAnera meM hastalikhita prati / jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI prati vi0 saM0 1400 kI likhI huI hai / kRtikAra ke guru kA nAma jagaccandrasUri thA / 66 zrIkRSNa- vRttAMta : neminAtha rAsa kI bhAMti " gajasukumAla rAsa" khaMDakAvya koTi kI prabaMdha racanA hai| paraMparAgata AkhyAna 34 chaMdoM meM varNita hai / gajasukumAla ke carita ko isa kRti meM pramukha pratipAdya ke rUpa meM apanAyA gayA hai / aura, prAsaMgika rUpa meM hI zrIkRSNa kA vRttAMta AyA hai / zrIkRSNa ke kaniSThatama bhrAtA gajasukumAla the / gajasukumAla ke janma-pUrva kI paristhitiyoM, pArivArika paricaya Adi ke prasaMgoM meM zrIkRSNa kA vRttAMta svAbhAvika hI hai / AraMbha meM zrIkRSNa kA dvArakA ke zreSTha zaktizAlI aura parAkramI nareza ke rUpa meM citraNa huA hai| unakA mahApuruSa vyaktitva bar3e kauzala ke sAtha aMkita huA hai / zrIkRSNa ke pauruSa, zaurya aura parAkrama kA citraNa aneka prasaMgoM meM huA hai / yathA -- kaMsa-saMhAra, cANUra- vadha, jarAsaMdha - hanana Adi / zrIkRSNa caritra ke eka anya mahatvapUrNa pakSa ko bhI isa racanA meM sthAna diyA gayA hai jisase unakI mAtRbhakti aura dharmabhAvanA vyakta huI hai / kAvya rUpa : jaisA ki varNita kiyA jA cukA hai " gajasukumAla rAsa" eka khaNDakAvya hai ataH kathAnaka kA keMdrita viSaya gajasukumAla carita hI rahA hai / nAyaka gajasukumAla ke caritrAMkana kI sImA meM anyAnya prAsaMgika ghaTanAoM kA varNana huA hai| prabaMdhAtmakatA, rasaniSpatti, vastuvidhAna, kAvyasauSThavAdi sabhI dRSTiyoM se khaNDakAvya kI kasauTI para prastuta kRti kharI utaratI hai| kRti meM zrIkRSNa ke vIra aura parAkrama saMpanna rAjapuruSa kA vyaktitva kavi ne hamAre sAmane prastuta kara diyA hai / yathA nayarihi rajju kareI tahi kaNha nariMdu / naravaM mani saNaho jiva suragaNa iMdU // 187 66. hiMdI rAsa kAvya, DA0 harIza, pR0 801. 67. gajasukumAla (aprakAzita), hasta prati, abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera |

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 213 kRSNa ke cANUra malla dvArA kRSNa se kiyA gayA mallayuddha, kaMsa tathA jarAsaMdha hanana kA bhI kavi ne ullekha kiyA hai| kRSNa vAsudeva rAjA hai| zaMkha, cakra tathA gadA Adi kA dhAraNa karanA jaina paraMparA ke anusAra vAsUdeva kA lakSaNa hai / kavi ne usakA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai .. saMkha cakka gaja paharaNa dhArA, kaMsa narAhiva kaya sNhaaraa| jiNa cANauri mallu biyariu, jarAsiMdhu balavaMtaU dhAtiu / / 68 kathAnaka evaM usakI saMracanA : prastuta khaMDakAvya ke kathAnaka kA AdhAra bhI gajasukumAla saMbaMdhI jaina purANoM ke AkhyAna hI rahe haiN| napati zreSTha zrIkRSNa dvArakA ke zAsaka haiN| isI samaya bhagavAna ariSTanemi kA dvArakA Agamana hotA hai| bhagavAna ke ziSyoM meM cha sahodara baMdha bhI the aura rUpa raMga meM bhI unameM paryApta sAmya thaa| inameM se do muni AhArArtha devakI ke yahAM aae| kucha hI aMtarAla meM anya do aura phira zeSa do baMdhu bhI A pahuMce / devakI asamaMjasa meM par3a gyii| niyama viparIta munigaNa eka hI ghara meM bAra-bAra kaise A rahe haiM ? devakI ke hRdaya meM ina yuvA sAdhuoM ko dekha kara asIma vAtsalya bhAva umar3a aayaa| kAraNa use jJAta nahIM ho skaa| bhagavAna ne spaSTa kiyA ke ye 6 putra svayaM devakI ke haiM jo sulasA ke ghara bar3e hue haiM aura sulasA ke mataputra hI kaMsa ko die gae the / devako kA mAtRtva isa dRSTi se apUrNa raha gayA ki usakA koI putra apane bAlyakAla meM usake pAsa nahIM rahA aura vaha apane vAtsalyabhAva ko tuSTa nahIM kara paayii| zrIkRSNa ne usakI manokAmanA jAnakara tapasyA kii| devatA se unheM jJAta huA ki devakI ko eka pUtra aura prApta hogA, kiMtu mAtA isa pUtra se kevala bAlya-kAla kA sukha hI prApta kara skegii| yathAsamaya devakI ko putra prApta huA, jo gajazAvaka sA sukumAra aura suMdara thA, ataH usakA nAma gajasukumAla rakhA / apane nAma ke isa anaMta prema bhare vAtAvaraNa meM bAlaka bar3A hone lagA / eka dina dvArakA meM punaH bhagavAna neminAtha kA padArpaNa huaa| bhagavAna kI vANI kA gajasukumAla para gahana AMtarika prabhAva haA aura usake mana meM virakti kI bhAvanA prabala ho utthii| svajana-parijanoM vizeSataH zrIkRSNa ke prayatnoM se somila brAhmaNa kI suMdarI kanyA somA ke sAtha gajasukumAla kA vivAha ho gyaa| kiMtu, gajasukumAla ne bhI turaMta hI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| 68. vahI, aprakAzita hastalikhita prati, graMthabhaNDAra, jaisalamera durga /

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214 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa-sAhitya ___muni gajasukumAla ne bhagavAna ke samakSa kevalajJAna-mArga jAnane kI utkaTa jijJAsA prakaTa kI aura bhagavAna ne titikSA-dhAraNA kA mArga btaayaa| kizora muni gajasUkumAla zmazAnabhUmi meM dhyAmagna baiThe the ki somila brAhmaNa kI dRSTi una para par3a gyii| vaha krodhita ho uThA ki ise vairAgya hI grahaNa karanA thA to somA kA jIvana isane kyoM naSTa kiyaa| krodhAbhimukha somila ne muni ke muMDita zISa para miTTI kI pAla banAkara usameM citA ke dahakate aMgAre bhara die| muni gajasukumAla ne isa ghora pariSaha ko asIma sahiSNutA ke sAtha saha liyaa| ve vicArane lage ki, maiM nahIM kiMtu, pArthiva zarIra hI to jala rahA hai| maiM to AtmA hUM aura AtmA dahana ke pare hai| aTa sAdhanA meM rata muni gajasukumAla ko mokSa kI prApti ho gyii| duSTa somila ne bhI jyoM hI zrIkRSNa ko dekhA, bhayAdhikya se usakA prANAMta hI ho gyaa| "gajasukumAla rAsa" khaNDakAvya kA kathAnaka atyaMta sugaThita hai| sAre prabaMdha meM yoga 34 chaMdoM kA prayoga huA hai| isa prakAra yaha khaNDakAvya tIvra pravAhamaya aura prabhAvazAlI hai| zaithilya nAma-mAtra ko bhI dRSTigata nahIM hotA aura anargala viktAra ke doSa se bhI sarvathA mukta hai| kathAnaka kI samasta kArya avasthAoM kI dRSTi se bhI yaha eka susaMbaddha ghaTanApuMja evaM vyavasthita kathA-vikAsa vAlI racanA hai / nAyaka gajasukumAla dvArA mokSa lAbha isa khaNDakAvya kA uddezya yA phala hai / nAyaka ke janma se pUrva kI yaha ghoSaNA ki vaha yuvAvasthA meM hI dIkSA grahaNa kara virakta ho jAyegA-kathA-vikAsa kI prAraMbha avasthA hai| kavi ne iMdravat pUjya dvArakAdhIza zrIkRSNa ke balavikrama kI yathocita gAthA kA gAna kiyA hai / tatpazcAt bhagavAna neminAtha kA dvArakA Agamana aura devakI kI putra-prApti kI kAmanA varNita hai| tadanaMtara kavi ne bAlaka gajasukumAla kI sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati dar3ha udAsInatA citrita kI hai| yaha ciMtanazIla bAlaka bhagavAna ke tattvapUrNa upadezoM ke prabhAvasvarUpa virakta ho jAtA hai| yaha kathAnaka kI prayatnAvasthA hai| gajasukumAla ko saMsAra-vimukha pAkara sabhI svajana-parijana ciMtita ho uThate haiN| use jagadunmukha karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| svayaM zrIkRSNa somila-putrI somA se usakA vivAha karavA dete haiN| sArI paristhitiyAM phalaprApti ke mArga meM nAyaka ke lie bAdhAsvarUpa haiN| kathAnaka-vikAsa kI tatIya avasthA prAptyAzA bhI sarvathA ojhala nahIM ho jAtI / kathA-vikAsa ke saMyojana kI isa vizeSatA ke kAraNa kathAnaka isa

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa- sAhitya aura anya 215. sthala para bhI DhIlA nahIM ho pAyA / aba bhI nAyaka dIkSA grahaNa karane ko kaTibaddha hai / vaha turaMta hI bhagavAna kI zaraNa meM AtA hai aura dIkSA grahaNa kara mokSa-prApti kA mArga jAnane kI utsukatA vyakta karatA hai / bhagavAna aise mArga kI ora iMgita bhI karate haiM / sArI bAdhAoM kI yahAM itizrI ho jAtI hai / phalaprApti kI AzA banane lagatI hai / yahIM prAptyAzA kI avasthA hai / mArga pAkara muni gajasukumAla usa para gatizIla ho jAte haiM aura zmazAna bhUmi meM dhyAna-sAdhanA karane lagate haiM aura phala to abhI dUra haiM, kiMtu aba kathAnaka ke utAra-caDhAva kI sthiti nahIM hai / somila dvArA die gaye bhayaMkara pariSaha ko bhI kSamA bhAvanA ke sAtha muni gajasukumAla ne sahana kara liyA / yahAM niyatApti kI avasthA A jAtI hai / isa avasthA meM nAyaka dvArA phalaprApti prAyaH nizcita sI ho jAtI hai / aMtataH phalAgama kI sthiti hai / nAyaka dvArA phalaprApti ho jAtI hai, vaha mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai / yaha sughar3a kathAnaka bar3e hI kauzala ke sAtha vikasita huA hai aura kathAkrama kahIM vicchinna nahIM ho pAyA hai / caritracitraNa : spaSTa hai ki gajasukumAla svayaM hI isa rAsa kAvya kA nAyaka hai / . ucca vaMzotpanna gajasukumAla na kevala isa kathAnaka meM sthita hai apitu AdyopAMta vahI varNita aura citrita bhI hai / kathAnaka kI mUla samasyA usI ke jIva se saMbaMdhita hai / vahI usake samAdhAnArtha prayatnazIla hai aura phala kA bhoktA bhI vahI hai / sabhI dRSTiyoM se gajasukumAla nAyaka hI nahIM, uttama koTi kA nAyaka nirNIta hotA hai / unakI gurujanoM ke prati AdarabhAvanA, kSamAzIlatA, sahiSNutA, lakSya ke prati dRr3hatA, sAdhanApriyatA Adi aneka sadguNoM ke kAraNa vaha eka udAttapuruSa hai / mAtra 12 varSa kI avasthA meM gajasukumAla sAdhanA patha ke pathika ho ge| unakA samasta jIvana hI vairAgya ko samarpita hai| yahI virakti gajasukumAla ke caritra kI pramukha aura pratipAdya vizeSatA hai / unake caritra ke anyAnya guNa - dhairya, saMyama, kSamAzIlatA, sahanazIlatA Adi isI virakti kI prabala bhAvanA se utprerita haiM / gajasukumAla dRr3ha mumukSa haiM, unhoMne dIkSA ke pazcAt hI mokSa mArga kI khoja AraMbha kara dI thii| bhagavAna nemi se saMketa pAkara turaMta usa mArga kA anusaraNa bhI unhoMne AraMbha kara diyA / ve ugra tapasvI the, yahAM taka ki sAdhanAraMbha ke dina hI unhoMne mokSa bhI prApta kara liyA / unakI saMvedanazIlatA bhI bar3hI car3hI

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216 jaina - paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya thI / bhagavAna ke prathama upadeza ne hI unheM dIkSArtha tatpara kara diyA / kaSTa sahana karane kI kSamatA bhI unameM apAra thI / muMDita zISa para aMgAroM kA Dhera rakhA gayA para unhoMne upha taka nahIM kiyA / unakI dhyAna - lInatA meM kSaNabhara ke lie bhI vyavadhAna nahIM AyA / isa bhayaMkara upasarga ke karttA somila ke prati bhI koI vikAra unake mana ko sparza na kara sakA / apane aniSTakArI ke prati bhI upekSA, kSamA aura akrodha kI pravRtti kA isase bar3hakara anya koI vRttAMta kadAcit hI kahIM mila sake / muni gajasukumAla kI cAritrika vizeSatAoM kA to yathAsaMbhava vyApaka citra prastuta kiyA hI gayA hai / anya katipaya gauNa pAtroM ke caritra para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / devako kA mamatApUrNa vAtsalya bhAva aura usakA mAtRtva bhI ubhara kara sAmane AyA hai, to zrIkRSNa kA parAkrama aura zaurya bhI / somila brAhmaNa ke dveSa aura pratizodha, svArtha aura krodha kA bhI suMdara citraNa huA hai / 1 rasayojanA : " gajasukumAla rAsa" khaMDa kAvya vairAgya pradhAna racanA hai ataH isameM zAMta rasa kI pradhAnatA to svAbhAvika hI hai / AraMbha meM tIrthakara bhagavAna dvArakA meM padArpaNa hotA hai / ziSyagaNa ( munijana ) nagara meM bhikSArtha vicaraNa karate haiM / rAjaparivAra aura nagaravAsI bhagavAna kI pAvanavANI kA zravaNa karate hai| mAM devakI kI putraprApti kI kAmanA ke saMbaMdha meM zrIkRSNa tapasyA karate haiM / bhaviSyavANI hotI hai ki mAM devakI ko jisa putra kI prApti hogI vaha yuvAvasthA meM hI dIkSA grahaNa kara legA / ina sArI paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa zAMta rasa kI sRSTi ho jAtI hai / ise jaina sAhitya kI dRSTi se vItarAga rasa kahate haiM / gajasukumAla kA virakti pradhAna jIvana hone ke kAraNa graMtha meM AdyopAta zAMta rasa kI parAMta pahale hI dina ve sAdhanArata ho jAte haiM poSaNa meM bar3A sahAyaka rahA hai| carita hI pramukha varNya viSaya jhar3I lagI huI hai / dIkSoyaha prasaMga bhI zAMta rasa ke jina sthaloM para devakI ke mAtRtva-bhAvanA ke prasaMga Ae haiM, vahAM vAtsalya rasa kI sRSTi huI hai / bhikSA ke prayojana se usake yahAM Ae yuvA muniyoM ko dekhakara usake mana meM vAtsalya aura sneha kA jvAra hI

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 217 umar3a par3atA hai / usakI yaha kAmanA balavatI ho jAtI hai ki putra kI bAlalIlAoM kA sukha use bhI mile, jo use kabhI sulabha nahIM ho paayaa| vaha una munijanoM kI mAtA ke bhAgya ko sarAhatI hai| apane abhAva kI smRti se usake Atapta hRdaya meM eka hUka uThatI hai jisakI pratidhvani kRti meM suMdaratA ke sAtha sajAI gayI hai| kAlAMtara meM gajasukUmAla ko pA kara devakI nihAla ho jAtI hai| vaha apane putra ko prANoM se bhI adhika pyAra karatI hai| asIma sneha ke sAtha vaha usakA pAlana-poSaNa karatI hai| ina sthaloM para bhI vAtsalya rasa pUrNa prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM AyA hai| 'bhASA: "gajasukumAla rAsa" prAraMbhika hiMdI kI racanA hai| DA0 harivaMza lAla kochaDa prabhati vidvajjana ise apabhraMza kI racanA bhI mAnate haiM, kiMtu apabhraMza kI apekSA yaha hiMdI ke prAraMbhika rUpa se adhika nikaTatA rakhatI hai| kRti se isake usa racanAkAla kA paricaya jhalakatA hai jaba apabhraMza aura anya lokabhASAoM ke madhya kA kAla thaa| isa saMdhikAla meM hiMdI kA prAraMbhika svarUpa ho pracalita thaa| isakI bhASA 13vIM zatAbdI IsavI kI bhASA hone se usa samaya ke bhASA-rUpa kI jAnakArI upalabdha ho jAtI hai jise hama hiMdI bhASA kA AdikAlika rUpa kaha sakate haiN| (8) paMca pANDava carita rAsa : paMca pAMDava carita rAsa eka prakAzita racanA hai| isake kartA zAlibhadra sUri haiM / svayaM kRti ke antaH sAkSya ke AdhAra para isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1410 hai| zrIkRSNa-vRttAMta : zorSaka se hI vidita ho jAtA hai ki prastuta kRti meM pAMDavoM kA carita varNita hai aura pAMDavoM ke aneka pramukha prasaMgoM meM unakA saMbaMdha zrIkRSNa se rahA hai / ataH racanA meM zrIkRSNa ke vRttAMta ko pracura aura pramukha sthAna milanA svAbhAvika hI hai| "paMca pAMDava carita rAsa" meM zrIkRSNa ke lie 'deva' 'prabhu' jaise saMbodhana prayukta hue haiN| spaSTa hai ki unheM isa graMtha meM prabhutvapUrNaaura mahattAyukta sthAna prApta huA hai| 60. paMca pAMDava carita rAsa hiMdI ke ajJAta rAsakAvya-maMgala prakAzana, jayapura /

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218 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya zrIkRSNa vRttAMta kI dRSTi se rAsa kAvya paryApta mahatva rakhatA hai| isameM zrIkRSNa saMbaMdhI nimnalikhita prasaMga pramukhatA ke sAtha varNita hue haiM -draupadI svayaMvara meM upasthita honA, -vanavAsa avadhi ke pazcAt pAMDavoM kI ora se kauravoM ke pAsa jAkara zAMti-vArtA karanA, -~-mahAbhArata yuddha meM bhAga lenA, aura -vijaya ke pazcAt pAMDavoM ko hastinApura rAjya kA svAmI banAnA aadi| kathAnaka evaM kathAnaka saMracanA : __ prastuta prabaMdha kAvya meM kathAnaka tIvra gati se Age bar3hatA calA gayA hai, na to kahIM parAvartana ko sthiti dikhAyI detI hai aura na ho kisI prakAra kA zaithilya / prabaMdha kAvyoM kI eka nizcita paraMparAnusAra AraMbha meM maMgalAcaraNa kA nirvAha pAyA jAtA hai jisake aMtargata nemijineMdra evaM sarasvatI kI vaMdanA kI gayI hai| isake pazcAt hI mUla kathA kA prAraMbha hotA hai| kathAnaka kI rUparekhA ko biMduoM ke rUpa meM yahAM para prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| -rAjA zAMtanu aura gaMgA kA prema varNana, - zAMtanu kI aherI prakRti ke kAraNa gaMgA kA ruSTa hokara cale jAnA, -dhIvara bAlA satyavatI para zAMtanu kA mugdha ho jaanaa| -satyavatI ke putroM kA varNana / -kaurava-pAMDava varNana / --draupadI svyNvr| --matsyavedha meM arjuna vijaya aura arjuna dvArA draupadI kI prApti / - kauravoM ke sAtha jae meM pAMDavoM kI parAjaya aura 12 varSa kA vnvaas| ----vanavAsa meM bhIma dvArA rAkSasoM kA vadha va hiDiMbA se vivAha / -pAMDavoM dvArA duryodhana kI vidyAdharoM se rkssaa| -pAMDavoM ke pakSa meM rAjya kI punarghApti ke lie zrIkRSNa ke saceSTatA ke prayatna aura pAMDavoM kI ora se usake dvArA kauravoM ke sAtha zAMti vaartaa|

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hindo jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 216 -duryodhana ke haTha ke kAraNa bhayAnaka vidhvaMsaka pariNAma svarUpa mahAbhArata yuddha / -zrIkRSNa dvArA hastinApura ke rAjyAsana para pAMDavoM kA abhiSeka / --draupadI haraNa aura uddhAra / -pAMDavoM dvArA bhagavAna neminAtha ke sAnnidhya meM dIkSA grhnn| prastuta prabaMdha ko kathAvastu prAyaH mahAbhArata ke kathAnaka se bhI prabhAvita hai aura kavi ne use jainAdarzoM evaM mAnyatAoM ke sAMce meM DhAlane kA bhI saphala prayAsa kiyA hai, isameM koI saMzaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| samasta kathAnaka meM kaurava-pAMDava virodha aura yuddha hI pramukhatA lie hue hai| kavi ne kauravoM aura, pAMDavoM ke saMgharSa ko kramazaH sata aura asat ke saMgharSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA aura aMtataH sata kI vijaya se pAMDavoM ko pratiSThita. kiyA hai| kathA ke kramika vikAsa aura vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA adhyayana kareM to hameM patA calatA hai ki pAMDavoM kI vijaya hI isa kRti ke kathAnaka kA lakSya athavA phala hai jisake bhoktA pAMDavagaNa haiN| kaurava aura pAMDava rAjakUmAra AraMbha meM akhAr3e meM apane-apane bala aura zaurya kA pradarzana karate haiM aura isa prasaMga meM ina donoM pakSoM kA manomAlinya aura vaimanasya prakaTa hone lagatA hai| yaha prAraMbha avasthA hai / pAMDavagaNa isake pazcAt niraMtara apanI zakti meM abhivRddhi karate rahate haiN| matsyavedha meM saphala rahakara arjana svayaMvara meM draupadI ko prApta kara letA hai, yahAM taka prayatna kI avasthA mAnI jA sakatI hai / isake pazcAt pAMDavoM ke apakarSa kA kAla hai| jue meM parAjaya aura vanavAsAdi ke prasaMga isake mUla meM haiN| unakA apanA rAjya bhI unake adhikAra se nikala jAtA hai| ye paristhitiyAM phala prApti ke mArga meM bAdhA ke svarUpa AtI haiM / unakI asamarthatA aura sAdhanahonatA ke kAraNa pAThakoM ko yaha AzA nahIM raha pAtI ki inakI vijaya ho skegii| kiMtu, pAMDava sadA sakriya aura saceSTa rahate haiM / yaha prAptyAzA kI avasthA hai / mahAbhArata yuddha AraMbha hotA hai| pAMDavagaNa kaurava pakSa ke prasiddha yoddhAoM ko samApta karate cale jAte haiN| unakA parAkrama utkarSa prApta karatA calatA hai| yaha sthiti niyatApti kI hai| yahAM para phala kI prApti nizcita ho jAtI hai| kaurava dala samUla naSTa ho jAtA hai / anta meM zrIkRSNa pAMDavoM ko hastinApura ke rAjyAsana para AsIna karate haiN| yahIM para phata kI pratyakSa prApti ho jAtI hai aura yaha phalAgama kI avasthA hai|

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220 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya avasthAoM ke sAtha-sAtha artha prakRtiyoM evaM saMdhiyoM kA bhI suMdara saMyojana isa kathAnaka meM dikhAI detA hai| caritra-citraNa : sAmUhika rUpa se pAMDava baMdhu isa kathA-kAvya ke nAyaka haiN| inake zaurya, zakti, vikrama aura sAhasa kA kavi dvArA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| pAMDavoM meM bhIma sarvAdhika balavAna hai aura arjuna sarvAdhika kuzala / akhAr3e ke pradarzanoM meM bhI kaurava pAMDavoM meM arjana hI sarvopari lagatA hai| usake kAryoM se usakI dhoratA, vIratA, capalatA, kuzala dhanurdhAritA Adi guNa prakaTa ho jAte haiN| kavi ne use "lohapuruSa' kI jo saMjJA dI hai usase bhI usakA cAritrika vaiziSTya prakaTa hotA hai / pAMDava sAmarthyavAn aura sAhasI haiM unake viSaya meM kavi kA kathana hai jAM mahimaNDala Ugiu sUru, jAM vaNa pahutau paMDava vIrU / / arthAt pRthvItala para jahAM jahAM sUryodaya hotA hai vahAM pAMDava pahuMca jAne kI kSamatA rakhate haiM / bhIma ke apAra bala kI kahIM samatA nahIM hai| taruvara moDatu caliu bhIma, deva taNUM balU balIu iim|| arthAt bhIma itanA balabAna hai ki vaha calate hI vizAla vRkSoM ko taror3atA, maror3atA calatA hai| pAMDavoM ke atirikta bhI karNa, bhISma, draupadI, kuMtI, duryodhana, zrIkRSNa, vidura, dhRtarASTra Adi anya aneka pAtroM ke caritra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| "dhIrU vIrU, mati agalauM karaNa, par3haI tiNi ThAha" kaha kara kavi ne karNa kI dhIratA vIratA aura buddhimattA kA citraNa eka hI paMkti meM bar3e kauzala ke sAtha kara diyA hai| rasa-yojanA : - kRti ke anta meM pAMDavoM dvArA dIkSA grahaNa kA vRttAMta AyA hai, tathApi isa kAvya meM zAMta rasa kA prAdhAnya samajhanA bhrAMti hogii| samagra kAvya kaurava pAMDava saMgharSa se bharA hai aura isa kAraNa vIra rasa hI pramukha sthAna grahaNa kara pAyA hai| isake atirikta zRMgAra, karuNa, raudra, bIbhatsa Adi rasa bho vibhinna prasaMgoM meM Ae haiM / 70. hiMdI ke ajJAta rAsa kAvya, maMgala prakAzana, jayapura / 71. vahI

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 221 bhASA: paMca pAMDava carita rAsa meM jisa bhASA kA prayoga huA hai vaha avikasita hiMdI hai| isa tathya kA pramANa isa bAta se bhI milatA hai ki prayukta bhASA meM prAcIna rAjasthAnI evaM gujarAtI zabdoM kA bAhulya hai / saMskRta ke tatsama zabda bhI adhika haiN| hiMdI ke zAstrIya rUpa ke vikAsa krama meM isa racanA kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| chaMda-alaMkAra : prastuta kRti meM kavi dvArA rasAnukUla aneka chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / caupAI, tripAdI, rolA, dohA-caupAI, soraThA, Adi chaMdoM kA prayoga pramukhatA se kiyA hai| racanA meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga svAbhavika rUpa meM huA hai| kahIM bhI isa dizA meM kavi kA koI pUrvAgraha dRSTigata nahIM hotA / anuprAsoM kI chaTA vizeSataH dRSTavya rahI hai aura anuprAsa prayoga se yuddha varNana adhika sajIva ho uThe haiM / alaMkAroM ke atirikta aneka sthaloM para kavi dvArA sUktiyoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai jisane sArI abhivyakti ko hI prANavAna kara diyA hai| niSkarSa evaM tathya : isa adhyAya meM maiMne jo anuzIlana kiyA usakA adhyetavya viSaya "hiMdo jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa aura purANa tathA anya saahity"thaa| isa anuzIlana meM "harivaMzapurANa", uttarapurANa, neminAtha rAsa, pradyumnarAsa, nemIzvararAsa, gajasukumAla rAsa, paMca pAMDava carita rAsa jaisI racanAeM thIM jinakA maiMne sAhityika adhyayana prastuta kiyaa| (1) isameM do racanAoM ko chor3akara anya racanAeM zrIkRSNa ke jaina paraMparA vAle caritra ko hI prastuta karatI haiN| (2) pradhumnarAsa aura gajasukumAla rAsa ye do avazya aisI svataMtra kRtiyAM haiM jo isa adhyayana meM mahatvapUrNa haiN| vaise pradyumnacarita to isake pUrva bhI mere adhyayana kA viSaya pUrva adhyAyoM meM bana cukA hai| para, isameM jo rAjasthAnI se prabhAvita AdikAlIna hiMdI bhASA meM ye to racanAeM mere adhyayana meM AyIM ve vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiN| inameM bhI gajasukumAla rAsa to aura bhI vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai|

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222 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya (3) donoM kRtiyA~ isa adhyAya kI anya kRtiyoM kI taraha hI jaina vItarAga rasa kI prasthApanA karatI haiN| para, ye do racanAeM pradyumna rAsa aura usameM bhI gajasukumAla rAsa jaina darzana aura vairAgya kA sundara Adarza prastuta karatI haiN| yaha eka nayA tathya hai| neminAtha, paMcapAMDava, pradyumna aura gajasukumAla ke caritra-citraNa zrIkRSNa ke sAtha apanI eka alaga koTi hI prastuta karate haiN| (5) merI zodha dRSTi meM gajasukumAla kA caritra AraMbha se aMta taka eka ujjvala aura sarvottama muni caritra hai / tathya aura niSkarSa upAdeya aura mahatvapUrNa haiN| zrIkRSNa caritra evaM bha0 neminAtha se sambandhita nimnokta rAsa, phAgu, dhavala, vivAhalo, gIta Adi sAhitya bhI daSTavya evaM adhyetavya haiN| kra0 kRti nAma racayitA racanAkAla 1. neminAtha catuSpadI vinayacandrasUri 14vIM zadI 2. nemirAsa kavi palhaNa 13vIM , 3. neminAtha phAgu kavi padma 14vIM , 4. " " rAjazekharasUri(maladhAra ga0) 15vIM ,, 5. nemIzvaracarita phAgabandha mANikyasundarasUri 6. neminAtha dhavala jayazekharasUri 15vIM , 7. neminAtha phAga 15vIM , 8. neminAtha navarasa phAga ratnamaMDanagaNi 6. neminAtha phAga kavi kAnha 10. neminAtharAsa somasundarasUri ziSya 16vIM , 11. neminAtha vasanta phular3A matizekhara 12. neminAtha candrAulA . guNanidhAnasUri ziSya 13. neminAtha dhavala brahmamuni-vinayadevasUri 14. paMcapANDava sajjhAya kaviyaNa 15. yAdavarAsa puNyaratna 16. nemi paramAnanda beli jayavallabha 17. pradyamnakumAra caupAI kamalazekhara 17vIM ,, 15vIM

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa-sAhitya aura anya 18. kRSNa rukmiNI beli pRthvIrAja rAThoDa 16. sAMba pradyumna prabandha samaya sundaropAdhyAya 20. gajasukumAla rAsa jinaharSa 21. gajasukumAla rAsa 22. gajasukumAla rAsa 23. gajasukumAla rAsa 24. gajasukumAla rAsa 25. neminAtha kalaza 26. neminAtha chanda 27. neminAtha dhamAla 28. neminAtha phAgu 26. neminAtha phAgu 30. neminAtha phAgu 31. neminAtha phAgu 32. neminAtha phAgu 33. neminAtha phAgu 34. neminAtha phAgu 35. neminAtha rAsa 36. neminAtha rAsa 37. neminAtha rAsa 38. neminAtha rAsa 36. neminAtha rAjImati rAsa. 40. neminAtha vivAhalo 41. * neminAtha vivAhalo bhuvanakIrti pUrNa prabha lAvaNyakIrti jina rAjasUri nayakuMjara zivasuMdara jJAnatilaka kanakasobha kalyANakamala jaya nidhAna jinasamudrasUri mahimAmeru rAjaharSa samadharu kanakakIrti jinaharSa dAnavinaya dharmakIrti 223 17vIM," " 1754 1703 1786 17vIM zadI 1666 15vIM zadI 16vIM zAdI 33 17vIM zadI 17vIM zadI 33 33 * Ti0 ina samasta kRtiyoM ke paricaya ke liye draSTavya hai : jaina gUrjara kavio, " "" 1668 17vIM zadI 18vIM zadI 14vIM zAdI samaya pramoda jayasAga ropAdhyAya mahimasundara 1665 agalA adhyAya hiMdI ke jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka kAvya saMbaMdhI hogA / 1662 1776 17vIM 1675 1663 15vIM

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya svarUpa : hiMdI jaina kRSNa muktaka kAvya sAhitya anya bhAratIya kAvya sAhitya kI vidhAoM ko taraha hI aneka rUpoM meM racA gayA hai jisameM aneka prakAra ke upakrama mileNge| jaina muktaka kAvya meM rAsa aura purANa tathA anya sAhitya ko hama isake pUrva ke adhyAya meM vivecita kara Ae haiN| vahAM para kahIM carita kAvya aura AkhyAnaka kAvya ko bhI sthAna de diyA hai| yahAM para vizeSa rUpa se phAgu, caupAI, belI, caMdrikA, bArahamAsA jaise maktaka kAvya racanAoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| ina jaina maktaka kAvya racanAoM meM kRSNa kahIM para haiM to kahIM para neminAtha jI haiM aura kahIM para ye donoM na hokara balabhadra aura rAjImatI jaise anya pAtra ho haiN| isakI eka aura vizeSatA yaha hai ki 12 mAsA kI paraMparA jaina kaviyoM ne rAjImatI ko lekara loka-gItoM ke rUpa meM racI hai isalie inakI samastaM kRtiyAM milanA saMbhava nahIM hai| hamane kaNThAbharaNa ke rUpa meM katipaya udAharaNa aMta meM prastuta kara die haiM jo unake bhItara kI kAvyAnubhUti kI sarasatA aura virahajanya bhAvanA para prakAza DAlatI haiN| hamAre isa zodha kA yaha eka navIna va maulika prayatna hai| viSaya-paraMparA : jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa viSayaka sphuTa padoM kI muktaka racanAeM bhI milatI haiM / ina padoM meM zrIkRSNa caritra ke kiso prasaMga vizeSa kI koI jhalaka mila jAtI hai / jaina muktaka kAvyakAroM ne prAyaH AdhyAtmika pada hI race haiN| ina padoM meM varNyavicAra yA bhAva vizeSakara vivecana karane ke krama meM udAharaNa, dRSTAMta Adi ke rUpa meM prakhyAta paurANika AkhyAnoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| isI krama meM sphuTa padoM meM zrIkRSNa carita ko bhI sthAna milA hai / prakAra ke kathAMza jaina AdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke poSaka aura vyAkhyAtA rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM, yathA

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya 225 miTata nahIM mere se yA to hoNahAra soi hoi / kahAM kRSNa kahAM jarada kuMvara jI, kahAM lohA ke tIra / / mRga ke dhokhe vana meM mAryo balabhadra bharaNa gaye nIra / / paM0 mahAsena kI 16 vIM zatAbdI kI isa racanA meM isa tathya ko pratipAdita karane kA lakSya rahA hai ki pUrvanizcita kramAnusAra jo kucha ghaTita hone vAlA hai, vaha ghaTita hotA hI hai| koI apane sAmarthya ke prayoga se use vaha na ghaTe aisA nahIM banA sakate / honahAra hokara hI rahatA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi meM, zrIkRSNa ke jIvana kA yaha prasaMga prayukta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "dekho, kahAM to zrIkRSNa kA vana (arthAta kauzAMbI vana) meM pahuMcanA aura kahAM jaratkumAra kA bhI usI vana meM AkheTa ke lie jAnA aura zrIkRSNa ko usI samaya pyAsa laganA tathA baladeva kA jala lAne ko jAnA / zayana kie hue zrIkRSNa ko dekhakara jarAkumAra ko mRga kA dhokhA honA" Adi sArI paristhitiyAM isI niyati dvArA nirmita ho gyii| kyoM ki zrIkRSNa kA maraNa eka "aTala honI" thI aura aMtataH jaratkumAra ke bANa se zrIkRSNa kA dehAMta ho hI jAtA hai| ___ kavi ne apanA mukhya lakSya honahAra ke avazyaMbhAvI ke rUpa meM ghaTita hone kA tathya prastuta karane kA hI rakhA hai| zrIkRSNa jIvana ke aneka prasaMga muktaka padoM meM Ae haiM aura sahAyaka rUpa meM citraNa pAkara bhI ve kRSNa jIvana kA AMzika paricaya dene meM samartha rahe haiN| jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM muktaka padoM meM kAvyaracanA kI bhI eka dIrgha paraMparA rahI hai| isa paraMparA ke pramukha racanAkAroM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA jA rahA haibanArasI dAsa saMvat 1643 (janma) dyAnatarAya " 1733 (janma) bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ,, 1731-55 (racanAkAla) budha jana , 1830-65 (racanAkAla), bhadharadAsa 18vIM zatAbdI paMDita mahAsena 16vIM zatAbdI uttarArddha 1. paMDita mahAsena-zrIkRSNa carita-sphuTa kAvya 19vIM shtaabdii|

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226 (1) raMgasAgaranemi phAgu prastuta kRti ke racayitA somasuMdarasUri haiM / kAvya ke aMta meM nAmollekha karate hue kavi ne likhA hai bhUyA ujjvala somasuMdara yazazrI saMgha bhadrakara / suprasiddha jainAcArya somasuMdarasUri ne prastuta kRti kI racanA I0 san 1426 (saM0 1483 ) ke lagabhaga kI thI / prastuta kRti ke do nAma kavi ne batalAe haiM / phAga ke prAraMbha meM raMgasAgara " likhA hai aura puSpikA meM "neminAtha navarasa "" likhA hai / kavi 106 chaMdoM meM paraMparAgata neminAtha carita kA varNana karate hue ne 3 khaMDoM meM kRti ko vibhAjita kiyA hai / jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya phAgu, rAsaka, AMdola Adi chaMdoM ke prayoga ke sAtha alaMkArika varNana kara kavi ne rUpaka, upamA, utprekSA, anuprAsa, yamaka Adi ke udAharaNa prastuta kie haiN| prastuta kRti kI bhASA rAjasthAnI se prabhAvita AdikAlIna hiMdI hai| prathama khaMDa meM - janma varNana | dvitIya khaMDa meM - vivAha varNana / tRtIya khaMDa meM - virakta hokara giranAra para tapArAdhanA kara kaivalya kI upalabdhi kA vivecana hai / kRSNa ke zaurya varNana meM bAla jIvana kI sAhasika ghaTanAoM kA varNana isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA hai? 7. .64 - 2. raMgasAgara - nemiphAguH somasuMdarasUri / hiMdI kI Adi aura madhyakAlIna kRtiyAM, pR0 136- 148, saM. DA. goviMda rajanIza / 3. tIsarA khaNDa 37 avatariA iNi avasari mathurA purisa rayaNa nava neha re / sukha lAlita lIlA prIti ati baladeva vAsudeva behu re / vasudeva rohiNI divakI naMdana caMdana aMjana vAnare, vRMdAvana yamunA jali niramali ramati sAMigAMi gAna re / 4. vahI, phAga paricaya pR0 134 5. smerIkAraM raMgasAgaramahA phAge kariSye navam - prathama khaMDa -2 6. iti zrI neminAthasya navarasAbhidhAnaM bhavikajanaraMjana phAgaM / hiMdI kI Adi aura madhyakAlIna phAgu kRtiyAM: saM0 DA0 goviMda rajanIzaH raMgasAgara-nemiphAgu khaMDa prathama 32 se 36 /

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya 227 ramati karatA raMgi, caDai govardhana zUgi, gujari govAlaNieM gAiM gopI siumiloe, kAlinAga jala aMtarAli komala kamalini nAla, nAkhiu nArAyaNie ramali parAjaNIe, kaMsamallA khAei vIra pahutA sAhasa dhIra, vehuvAi vAkarIe balavaMtA bAhiM karIe, balabhadra valiA sAra mAriu mauSTika mAra, kRSNi bala pUrIue cANUra cUriu e, mauSTika cANUra cyUrie dekhIya UThiu kaMsa, nava balavaMta nArAyaNi tAsa kIdhau vidhvaMsa / isa prakAra bhAva, bhASA, chaMda, alaMkAra Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se bhI prastuta kRti suMdara hai| (2) neminAtha phAgu-jayazekharasUri ____ kRtikAra jayazekhara kA samaya 15vIM zatAbdI vikrama kA pUrvArddha hai| inhoMne zvetAMbara jaina saMpradAya ke merutuMgasUri ke pAsa saMvat 1418 (I0 san 1361) meM jaina dIkSA dhAraNa kI thii| inake dvArA racita nimna kRtiyAM prApta haiM tribhuvana dIpaka prabaMdha, upadeza-ciMtAmaNi, dhammila-caritra, prabodha-ciMtAmaNi, neminAtha phaagu| neminAtha phAgu kI hastalikhita prati 16vIM zatAbdI vikrama kI upalabdha hai| kavi kI jaina dIkSA kA AdhAra mAnakara racanAkAla 14vIM zatAbdI I0 kA aMtima samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| kathAnaka dvArakA nagarI meM kRSNa vAsudeva rAjya karate the jo apanI vIratA va zatA ke lie jagaprasiddha the| kRSNa ne cANUra, kaMsa aura jarAsaMdha ko naSTa kiyA thaa| kRSNa ke rAjya meM rAjA samudravijaya kI rAnI zivAdevI ke patra 8. hiMdI kI Adi aura madhyakAlIna phAgu kRtiyAM : saMpAdaka DA0 goviMda rajanIza.

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228 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya ariSTanemi jaba bar3e hue to unakA vivAha rAjA ugrasena kI kanyA rAjImatI ke sAtha nizcita haa| jyoMhI sajadhaja ke bArAta pahuMcane lagI tyoMhI vivAhotsava meM mAre jAnevAle pazuoM kA karuNa kraMdana sunakara nemikumAra kA dila dahala uThA / ve binA byAha kie hI saMsAra mArga ko chor3a sAdhanA meM laga ge| parijanoM kI lAkha kozizoM ke bAda bhI ve vicalita nahIM hue| tapArAdhanA ke pazcAt unheM kevala kI prApti huii| ve tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM pratiSThita he| unake sAtha hI rAjala (rAjImati) bhI unhIM ke mArgAnusAra sAdhanA patha ko svIkAratI hai| uparokta kathAvastu 57 phAgu chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai / ' kRti kI bhASA rAjasthAnI prabhAvita AdikAlIna hiMdI hai| yaha geya kAvya hai| neminAtha kI vaMdanA se kAvya kA prAraMbha hotA hai| kAvya meM dvArikA nagara tathA kRSNa kA zaurya varNana zreSTha bana par3A hai / dvArikA tathA kRSNa varNana ke pazcAt kavi nemi-rAjula ke paraMparAgata kathAnaka ko prastuta karatA hai aura apanI pratibhA kA paricaya detA hai| aMta meM vaha isa kRti ko saMdararUpa se samApta karatA hai| phAgu chaMda meM cAra caraNa hote haiN| pratyeka caraNa meM 23 mAtrAeM tathA 12, 11 para yati hotI hai| (3) balibhadra caupAI isa kRti ke racayitA kavi yazodhara the / kASThAsaMgha ke jaina guru vijayasena kI vANo se prabhAvita hokara jaina dIkSA svIkAra kara sAhitya kSetra meM Age bar3he / inakA samaya saMvat 1520 se 1560 kA batAyA gayA hai / 10 186 padyoM meM racita prastuta kRti kI racanA saMvat 1585 (I0 san 1528) meM huI hai jisakA ullekha kavi ne nimna rUpa se kiyA hai saMvat panara pacyAsIra, skandha nagara maajhaari| bhavaNi ajita jinavara vaNI, eguNA gAyA sAri / / jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki prastuta kRti meM kRSNa ke bar3e bhrAtA balarAma kA carita varNana hai| 6. hiMdI kI Adi aura madhyakAlIna phAgu kRtiyAM : saMpAdaka DA0 goviMda rajanIza, 10. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva : pR0 85, DA0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla /

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya 226 prabhu ariSTanemi ke mukhAraviMda se dvArakA kI bhavitavyatA jAnakara kRSNa balarAma donoM vicAramagna ho gye| yathAsamaya dvArakA kA vinAza huaa| donoM jaMgala meM pahuMce / balarAma pAnI lene gaye aura idhara jaratkumAra kA bANa kRSNa ko lagA / balarAma kRSNa ke vilApa meM rudana karane lge| aMta meM ve pravrajyA svIkAra karate haiM va nirvANa ko upalabdha karate haiN| kRti kI bhASA rAjasthAnI se prabhAvita hiMdI hai / prastuta kRti meM 186 pada DhAla, dUhA evaM caupAI meM haiN| dvArikA kA varNana karate hue kavi ne use 12 yojana bistAravAlI va iMdrapurI ke samAna batalAyA hai| isa nagarI meM UMcI-UMcI aTTAlikAeM thIM jinameM aneka dhanapati va vIravara nivAsa karate the| yathA nagara dvArikA deza majhAra, jANe iMdrapurI avatAra / bAra joyaNa te phiratuM vasi, te dekhi janamana ulasi // 11 // nava khaNa tera khaNA prAsAda, iha zreNi sama lAgu vaad|| koTIdhana tihAM rahIi dhaNA, ratna hema hIre nahIM maNA / 12 / yAcaka janani dei dAna, na hoyau haraNa nahIM abhimAna / sUra subhaTa eka dIsi ghaNA, sajjana loka nahIM durjaNA / 13 / 11 dvArikA kA vinAza va kRSNa ke parabhava-gamana kI ghaTanA ko neminAtha kI bhaviSyavANI meM likhate hae kavi ne likhA hai dvIpAyana munivara je sAra, te karasi nagarI saMghAra / madyabhAMDa je nAbhi kahIM, teha thakI valI jalahi sahI // 62 // pAraloka savi jalasi jisi, va bandhava nikasasu tisi| tahya sahodara jarAkumAra, tehani hAthi mAri morAra // 62 // 12 balarAma tathA zrIkRSNa ke sahodara prema bhAvanA kA Adarza isameM vaNita huA hai| (4) nemizvara kI beli prastuta kRti ke kRtikAra ThAkurasI 16vIM zatAbdI vikrama meM utpanna hae the| pitA ghelha svayaM kavi the| ye digaMbara jaina kavi the| inakI nimna racanAeM haiM11. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva : DA kasturacaMda kAsalIvAla 12. vahI, 13. nemIzvara beli, ghelha sutana tthaakursii| __ kavi ghelha sutana ThAkurasI, kiyo nemi surati mati srsii|

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230 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya kRSNa caritra, nemIzvara kI beli, paMcendriya beli, cintAmaNi jayamAla, sImandhara stavana, pArzva sakuna sattAvIsI 1550 ke AsapAsa prastuta kRti kI racanA kA anumAna kavi kI anya kRti paMcendriya belI ke AdhAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai 14 kiMtu kavi ne kRti meM isa bAta kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| jaina paraMparAgata nemi-rAjula ke kathAnaka kA varNana karate hue kavi ne vasaMta Agamana ke sAtha hI dvArakAvAsiyoM kA vana krIDArtha vana meM gamana, anAsakta nemikumAra ko kRSNa kI rAniyoM dvArA Asakta banAne kI ceSTA, nemikumAra dvArA kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA meM pahuMcakara dhanuSa car3hAnA va pAMcajanya zaMkha bajAnA, ugrasena kI kanyA rAjImatI se nemikumAra kA vivAha, pazuoM kI karuNa pukAra zravaNa kara nemakUmAra kA lauTa jAnA, rAjImatI kA va nemi kA virakta honA, AtmasAdhanA kara siddha gati prApta karanA Adi varNanoM ke dvArA kavi ne kAvya kalA kA suMdara paricaya pradAna kiyA hai| bhASA sarala rAjasthAnI hai| kucha udAharaNa dekhiye suranara jAdava mili calyA vyAhaNa nemikumAra / pasu dIThA bAr3o bharyo bAMdhyA susara duvAri // haraNa rIcha sUvara pramukha, pukArahi muha UcAhi / nemikumAra ratha rAkhi kari, vUgyo sAratha vAhi / / re sAratha e Aji, pasu baMdhiyA kiNi kaaji| tiNi jaMpyA kisani aNAyA, pasu jAti jake mana bhaayaa| poSivA bhagati barAtI, pasu vaddhivA sahi prmaatii| taba nemikumAra ratha chor3i, pasu mukalAyA vadu toDi // 15 dohA tathA sakhI chaMda meM nirmita yaha kRti kAvya guNoM se yukta hai| sakhI chaMda vaha kahalAtA hai jahAM 4 caraNa tathA pratyeka caraNa meM 14 mAtrAoM kA krama ho / prathama dvitIya caraNa tathA tRtIya caturtha caraNoM kI tuka milatI hai, jaise 14. rAjasthAnI beli sAhitya-DA0 nareMdra bhAnAvata pR0 244 15. vahI

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221 hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya taji mohu mAna mada rosA atisahiyA viSama privaasaa| taha aThTha karama baluvAyo timi kevala gyAnu pAyo / / 16 kRti kI hastalikhita pratiyAM digaMbara jaina maMdira bar3A terahapaMthiyoM kA jayapura, digaMbara jaina maMdira badhIcaMdajI jayapura, bhaTTAraka bhaNDAra ajamera ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM haiN| kAvya kI dRSTi se sarala evaM sarasa varNana hai va anuprAsa, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM se yukta hai yaha eka kathAtmaka gItikAvya hai / (5) balabhadra beli isake racayitA kA nAma sAliga hai| kRti meM racanA kAla kA koI ullekha nahIM hai kiMtu isakI pratilipi saMvat 1666 kI milatI hai| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isakI racanA isake pUrva hI huI hogii| DA0 naredra bhAnAvata ke matAnusAra kavi sAliga 16vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiN|18 prastuta kRti ke 28 chaMdoM meM dvArakA-vinAza, kRSNa kA paramadhAma gamana aura unake agraja balabhadra ke aMtima samaya kI ghaTanAoM kA vivecana hai| kathAvastu dvaipAyana RSi ke zApa se dvArakA nagarI kA agni meM vinAza hotA hai, kRSNa va balarAma vahAM se nikala kara kauzAMbI vana meM pahuMcate haiM, kRSNa ko pyAsa lagI hai yaha dekha kara balabhadra pAnI lAne gaye / jyoMhi zrIkRSNa eka vakSa kI chAyA meM vizrAma karane lage tyoMhi jaratkUmAra ne hariNa ke dhokhe se bANa calAyA jo unheM lagA aura zrIkRSNa kA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| balabhadra pAnI lekara lauTe taba kRSNa ko aceta avasthA meM pAkara unake mRta zarIra ko kaMdhe para uThAkara 6 mAsa paryaMta ghUmate rhe| aMta meM devatAoM ne unheM prabodha dene ke lie eka nATaka racA / usameM yaha batalAyA gayA ki ghANI se reta ko pIsa kara tela kA nikalavAyA gayA tathA patthara para puSpa ko khilavAyA gyaa| isake phalasvarUpa balabhadra kA moha dUra huaa| kRSNa ke mata zarIra kA dAha saMskAra kara, ariSTanemi kI sevA meM pahuMcakara, pravrajyA grahaNa kara ve 5 veM devaloka meM punaH utpanna hue| 16. rAjasthAnI beli sAhitya-DA0 nareMdra bhAnAvata pR0 244 17. balabhadra beli-raca0 saalig| samakita viNa kAja na sijhai / sAliga kahai sudhau kIjai // 28 // 18. rAjasthAnI beli sAhitya -- DA0 nareMdra bhAnAvata lain Education International

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232 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya sarala rAsthAnI bhASA meM nirmita prastuta kAvya ke kucha udAharaNa dekhie : taba deva upAva karAvai / mila upari kamala ti bAvaI / te bAvai kamala tiNi aagi| balibhadra kahai kima lAgaI / / pAthara Upara poyaNI, kima UgasI gamAra / jo ye muAM jIvasI, tau UgasI kumAra // ima vacana suNI maMna jANI / belu polhai ghaannii| tUM murakha joi navi mAsI / belu kima pIlhAsI / to esa o maDau o jIvai / to tela balai lava dIvai / samajhAvata taDako bolai / balibhadra paDyo ima ddolii|| kavi ne apanI isa kRti meM dohA aura sakhI chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isakI hastalikhita prati abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera meM saMgrahIta eka guTake meM upalabdha hai / 19 (6) nemi byAha ___kavivara vinodIlAla kI yaha eka choTI-sI sarasa racanA hai| jisameM neminAtha kI barAta kA citraNa karate hue kavi ne pazuoM kI karuNa pukAra ko sunakara nemi ke hRdaya meM vairAgya bhAva ko jAgRta karAyA hai| isakI kathA-vastu pUrva kI hiMdI kRti nemicaMdrikA kI taraha hai| prastuta kRti meM neminAtha ke dila meM duHkhI rASTra ke duHkha ko dUra karane kI prabala AkAMkSA jAgRta hotI hai| yadyapi unake mana meM kucha kSaNoM taka sAMsArika pralobhanoM se yuddha hotA hai, paraMtu jaba ve taTastha hokara rASTra kI paristhiti kA ciMtana karate haiM, usa samaya unakA moha samApta ho jAtA hai| bhautika vaibhava ko tyAga kara mAnava-kalyANa ke hetu ve tapArAdhanA ke lie jAte haiN| unakA yaha kArya jIvana se palAyana nahIM hai, apitu yathArtha meM yaha aisA puruSArtha hai jisake lie Atmabala kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| isa prakAra dRr3ha manobala sAdhAraNa vyakti nahIM kara paataa| jisake aMtaHkaraNa meM mAnava-kalyANa kI bhAvanA sulaga rahI ho, jisakI AtmA meM apUrva bala hogA vahI vyakti isa prakAra ke advitIya kAryoM ko saMpanna kara skegaa| 16. balabhadra beli (hasta0 prati) abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera, pa0 saMkhyA 14 se 17 20. nemibyAha : kavi vinodIlAla-hiMdI jaina sAhitya parizIlana : le0 DA0 nemicaMdra zAstrI, pR0 201 se 222 /

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya 233 neminAtha aise hI asAdhAraNa vyakti the / kavi vinodIlAla ne racanA ke AraMbha meM vara kI veSabhUSA kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha draSTavya hai mora dharo sira dUlaha ke kara kaMkaNa bAMdha daI kasa DorI / kuMDala kAnana meM jhalake ati bhAla meM lAla virAjata rorii| motina kI laDa zobhita hai chavi dekhi laje banitA saba gorii| lAla vinodo ke sAhiba mukha dekhana ko duniyAM uTha daurI // 1 virakta hone kAle neminAtha kA citraNaH nema udAsa bhaye jaba se kara jor3a ke siddha kA nAma liyo hai| ambara bhUSaNa DAra diye ziramora utArake DAra diyo hai / / rUpa dharoM munikA jaba hI taba hI car3hi ke giranAri gayo hai / lAla vinodI ke sAhiba ne tahAM pAMca mahAvrata yoga layo hai / / 22 kavi ne isa racanA meM yuvakoM ke Adarza ke sAtha yuvatiyoM ke Adarza kA bhI suMdara aMkana kiyA hai / jaba taka deza kA nArI samAja jAgrata nahIM hogA aura vivAha hI jIvana kA uddezya hai isa siddhAMta kA tyAga nahIM karegA taba taka rASTra kA kalyANa nahIM ho sktaa| rAjala ne aisA hI Adarza prastuta kiyA hai / bhoga-jIvana kA jaghanya lakSya hai| vyakti jaba bhogavAda se Upara uThatA hai tabhI vaha sevA kArya meM pravatta ho sakatA hai / jaba mAtA-pitA rAjula ko punaH varAnveSaNa kI bAta kahakara saMtuSTa karate haiM, taba rAjula hI suMdara uttara detI huI kahatI hai kAhe na bAta samhAla kaho tuma jAnata hoyaho bAta bhalI hai / gAliyAM kAr3ha kaho hamako suno tAta bhalI tuma jIbha calI hai / maiM sabako tuma tulya ginau tuma jAnata nA yaha bAta ralo hai| yA bhava meM pati nema prabhU vaha lAla vinodI ko nAtha balI hai / / 23 (7) nemi candrikA prastuta kRti kA racayitA manaraMgalAla pallIvAla hai| graMtha ke aMta meM paricaya dete hue lekhaka ne likhA hai ki vaha kAnyakubja (kannauja) kA 21. nemibyAha : kavi vinodIlAla-hiMdI jaina sAhitya parizIlanaH le0 DA0nemicaMdra zAstrI, pR0 1 se 22 / 22. vahI23. vahI

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234 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya nivAsI jaina dharmAvalaMbI thA, pitA kanojIlAla the| apane mitra gopAladAsa ke kahane se unhoMne isa kRti kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| prastuta graMtha kA AdhAra jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa hai| isakI racanA kavi ke kathanAnusAra vikrama saMvata 1880 (sana 1823) hai| 386 chaMdoM meM viracita isa graMtha ke prAraMbha meM jinezvara va gaNeza kI vaMdanA hai / dvArikA nagarI ke zakti saMpanna rAjA vAsudeva zrIkRSNa kA varNana, neminAtha ke mAtA-pitA kA varNana, ne minAtha tathA kRSNa kI bAla lIlAeM, nemi kA sauMdarya aura vIratva evaM vairAgya varNana, kaivalya prApti tathA mokSa ke varNana haiM / kRti kI kathAvastu paraMparAgata hai / khaMDakAvya kI dRSTi se yaha utkRSTa racanA hai| isakI bhASA sarala hiMdI jo sAmAnya pAThaka samajha sakate haiM / dohA, soraThA, caupAI, aDilla tathA bhujaMgaprayAta chaMdoM kA prayoga karate hue kavi ne zAMta, karuNa, vipralaMbha zRMgAra Adi rasoM kA acchA upayoga apanI isa kRti meM kiyA hai| yahAM para rasoM ke kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiMvIrarasa kA udAharaNa nAga sAdhi karake murlidhr| sahasa patra lyAye iMdIvara / kaMsa nAsa kinhoM chinamAMhi / ugrasena kahaM rAjya karAMhi / jIta lIna zizupAla naresa / jarAsaMdha jIto cakrasa / / ityAdika bahu kAraNa kare / sakala anIti mArga tina hare / 26 bhArata bhUmi ke saMpUrNa rAjAoM meM zreSTha va pUjanIya vIra kRSNa kaMsa kA vadha kara pitA ugrasena ko rAjyAsIna karate haiN| zizupAla va jarAsaMdha jaise zaktisaMpanna vIroM para vijaya prApta karate haiN| isa prakAra unhoMne anekAneka parAkramapUrNa kArya kie haiN| aise kAryoM se zrIkRSNa ne anIti ke sthAna para nIti kI sthApanA kI hai| isa prakAra ke zreSTha kRSNa kisa taraha se napatigaNa va devagaNoM ke dvArA sevita the aura ye hI loga unakI AjJA-pAlana kaise karate the ise lekara isa prasaMga kA kavi ne mArmika vivecana kiyA hai| yathA 24. nemicaMdrikA kI eka hastalikhita prati, jaina maMdira bar3A terApaMthiyoM kA, jayapura meM upalabdha hai| 25. eka sahasa aru ATha sata varaSa asItI aur| yAhi saMvata mau karI pUraNa chaha guNa gaura // -nemicaMdrikA / 26. nemicadrikA-chaMda 19-20 /

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hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya 235 sakala bhUpa sevata tina pAMya / deva karata AjJA mana bhAya // 27 eka aura varNana draSTavya hai jisameM sAMsArika asthiratA evaM jhUThe svArtha se prerita virakti ke bhAva nirveda kI puSTi karate haiM, ise dekhie asthira vastu jitanI jaga mAMhi upajata viNasata saMzaya nAMhi / / svAratha pAya sakala hita kre| bina svAratha kAu hAtha na dhare / / 28 (8) bAraha mAsA nemi-rAjula jaina kaviyoM ne bAraha mAsoM kI racanA karake apanI rASTrIyatA kI bhAvanAoM kA saMdara citraNa kiyA hai, isameM vIratA kA bhI pradarzana hai| bAraha mAsoM meM saMvAda zailI meM sevA tathA vairAgya kI bhAvanA ko prakarSa diyA gayA hai aura aMta meM usI kA mahattva hai| saMvAdoM ke mAdhyama se isameM vibhinna mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA suMdara aMkana dikhAI detA hai / isa kRti kA racayitA kavi vinodIlAla hai / 29 isameM rAjula apane saMkalpita pati neminAtha se anurodha karatI hai ki "svAmI Apa isa yavAvasthA meM viraktabhAva se kyoM tapasyA karane jAte haiM ? yadi Apako tapasyA karanA hI abhISTa thA aura Apa deza meM ahiMsA saMskRti kA pracAra karanA cAhate the to Apane ASAr3ha mahIne meM yaha vrata kyoM nahIM liyA ? jaba Apa zrAvaNa meM vivAha kI taiyArI kara A gae taba kyoM Apa isa taraha mujhe ThukarAkara jA rahe haiM ? merA maMtavya hai ki rASTrotthAna meM bhAga lenA pratyeka vyakti kA kartavya hai| svarNima atIta hareka sahRdaya ko prabhAvita karatA hI hai| rASTra kI saMpatti yuvaka aura yuvatiyAM haiM aura inhIM ke Upara rASTra kA samucA uttaradAyitva hai| isalie ApakA mahatvapUrNa tyAga vaiyaktika sAdhanA na hokara rASTrahita sAdhana bana jaaygaa| phira bhI maiM Apake komala zarIra va lalita kAmanAoM kA anubhava karatI hUM, isalie merA Apase namra nivedana hai ki yaha vrata Apake lie 27. nemicaMdrikA--chaMda 16-20 28. vahI20. bAraha mAsA nemi rAjula : le0 vinodIlAla, hiMdI jaina sAhitya parizIlanaH le0 nemicaMdra zAstrI, pR0 202-5,

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236 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhiya ucita nahIM hai| zrAvaNa mAsa meM vrata lene se ghanaghora bAdaloM kA garjana, vidyut kI cakAcoMdha, koyala kI kUhuka, aMdhakArapUrNa yAminI aura pUrvI pUrvI havA ke madhura zItala jhoMke Apako vAsanA se paripUrNa kie binA nahIM rheNge| ataeva isa mahIne meM dIkSA lenA khatare se khAlI nahIM hai| ataH isa samaya tapa sAdhanA karanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai|" rAjula ko ukta bAtoM kA uttara neminAtha ne bar3e hI ojasvI zabdoM meM diyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki "jaba taka vyakti Atmazodhana nahIM kara letA taba taka rASTra kA hita nahIM kara sakatA / Atmazodhana ke lie samaya vizeSa kI AvazyatA nahIM rhtii| bhaya aura trAsa unhIM vyaktiyoM ko vicalita kara sakate haiM jinake mana meM kisI bhI prakAra kA pralobhana zeSa rahatA hai| mere mana meM koI pralobhana nahIM hai / prakRti ke manohara rUpa meM jahAM ramaNIya bhAvanAoM ko jAgaruka karane kI kSamatA hai vahAM usameM vIratA, dhIratA aura kartavyaparAyaNatA kI bhAvanA utpanna karane kI yogyatA bhA vidyamAna hai| ataH zrAvaNa mAsa kI jhar3I, vAsanA ke sthAna para virakti hI utpanna kara skegii|" neminAtha ke isa uttara ko sunakara rAjula bhAdrapada mAsa kI kaThinAiyoM kA vivecana karatI hai, vaha mohavaza unase prArthanA karatI huI karatI hai ki "prANanAtha, Apa jaise sukumAra vyakti bhAdrapada mAsa kI anavarata hone vAlI varSA Rtu kI mukta pravRtti meM, jahAM na bhavya prAsAda hogA na vastravezma, Apa kisa prakAra raha sakeMge ? jhaMjhAvAta, nanhIMnanhIM pAnI kI bUMde pAnI se yukta hokara zarIra meM apUrva vedanA utpanna kreNgii| yadi Apako yoga dhAraNa hI karanA hai to ghara para calakara yoga dhAraNa kIjie / sevaka ko vana jAnA Avazyaka nahIM, vaha ghara meM rahakara bhI sevA kArya kara sakatA hai| prANanAtha, maiM yaha mAnatI hUM ki isa samaya deza meM hiMsA kA bolabAlA hai, ise dUra karane ke lie pahale apane ko pUrNa ahiMsaka banAnA par3egA, tabhI deza kA kalyANa ho skegaa| paraMtu, ApakA moha mujhe isa bAta kI preraNA de rahA hai ki maiM isa kaThinAI se ApakI rakSA kruuN|" rAjula kI ina bAtoM ko sunakara neminAtha haMsa par3ate haiM aura kahate haiM ki "kaSTa sahiSNu bananA pratyeka vyakti ko Avazyaka hai| ye thor3e se kaSTa kisa ginatI meM haiM ? jaba naraka nigoda ke bhayaMkara kaSTa sahe haiM tathA jaba isa samaya hamArA rASTra saMtapta hai, pratyeka prANI hiMsA se chaTapaTA rahA hai, usa samaya tumhArI ye mohabharI bAteM kucha bhI mahatva nahIM rkhtiiN| maiMne acchI taraha nizcaya karane ke uparAMta hI isa mArga kA avalaMbana liyA hai|'

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hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya 237. isI prakAra rAjula ne 12 mahInoM kI bhISaNatA kA citrAMkana kiyA hai| neminAtha ina vibhISikAoM se nahIM ddrte| vaha to apane vrata meM dar3ha rahate haiN| isa prasaMga ke sabhI padya sarala aura madhura haiN| kArtika mAsa kA citraNa karatI huI rAjala kahatI hai piya kAtika meM mana kaise rahe, jaba bhAmini bhauna sjaaveNgii| raci citra vicitra suraMga saje, gharahIM ghara maMgala gaaveNgii| piya nUtana nAri siMgAra kie, Ano piya Tera bulaaveNgii| piya bArahi bAra barai diyarA,...jiyarA tarasAveMgI // 30 neminAtha kA pratyuttara to jiyarA tarase suna rAjula, jo tana ko apane kara jAne / pudgala bhinna hai bhinna sabe, tana chor3i manoratha Ana sayAne // bUr3e go soI kalidhAra meM, jau cetana ko ko eka pramAne / haMsa pive paya bhinna kare jala, so paramAtama Atama jAne // 1 vasaMta Rtu ke Amana kI vibhISikA dikhalAtI huI rAjula kahatI hai : piya lAgego caita vasaMta suhAvano, phUlegI bela sabe vana maahiiN| phUleMgI kAminI jAko piyA ghara, phUleMgI phUla sabe banarAI / khelahiMge braja ke bana meM saba, bAla-gupAlaru kUvara knhaaii| nemi piyA uTha Avo ghare tuma, kAheko karaho loga haMsAI / / 322 (9) bAraha mAsA varNana upalabdha bAraha mAsoM meM sabase prAcIna "jina-dharmasUri bAraha nAMva u" hai jo apabhraMza bhASA kI racanA hai| usake pazcAta kavi pAlhaNa racita neminAtha bAraha mAsA milatA hai| pAlhaNa kA AbarAsa saM0 1286 kI racanA hone se isa bAraha mAsA kA racanAkAla bhI isI ke AsapAsa honA caahie|33. yathA sAvaNi saghaNa dhuDukkai meho, pAvasi pattau nemi vichoho| daddhara moralavahiM asaMgAha, dahadiha bIju khivai cauvAha / 30. bArahamAsA nemi rAjulaH le0 vinodIlAla, hiMdI jaina sAhitya parizIlana bhAga 1. le0 nemicaMda zAstrI, pR0 202-5 / 31. vahI32. vahI33. rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paraMparA, le0 agaracaMda nAhaTA,

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238 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya koila mahura vayaNu cAe ravai, vivIhau ghAha kareI / sAvaNu nemi jiNida viNU, bhagai kumari kiya-gamaNau jAe // 2 // prastuta bArahamAsA 16 padyoM kA hai, prathama va 15 veM padha meM kavi kA kA nAma AtA hai, ve donoM padya isa prakAra haiMAdi kAsamIra mukha maMDaNa devI, vAesari 'pAlhaNu' pnnmevii| padamAvatiya cakkesari namiU, aMbikadevI hauM vInavau / / cariu payAsau nemi jiNa kerau, kavitu guNa dhamma nivAso / jima rAimai viogu bhao, bAraha mAsa payAsau rAso // 1 // ata jo jAdavakula maMDala sAro, jiNi tiNi caDi parihariu sNsaaro| kumari tajiya tapu lau giranAre, sidhi pariNau gau mokha duvAre / jaNu parimalu 'pAlhaNu' bhaNae, tasu paya aNudiNa bhatti kareu / maNavaMchiu phalu pAvijae, dhuya sama sarisu vayaNu phuDa ehu // 15 / / iNi pari bhaNiyA 'bArahamAsA' paThata suNaMtahaM pUjau aasaa| rAyamai nemikumara bahu cariu, saMkheviNa kavi iNi pari khiu| aMbikadevI sAsaNa devi mAI, saMgha sAnidhu karijau samudAI // 16 // (10) nemi-bArahamAsA nemajI o raMgaraMgIlA chela-chabIlA chor3a calyAjI giranAra / nemajI o jeThaja mAsaja jeThaja mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mArA piujI dharatI kare re pukAra'.. nemajI o ASar3ha mAsaja ASar3ha mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mArA piu jI dhUla uThe che apAra... nemajI o zrAvaNa mAsaja, zrAvaNa mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mArA piu jI ghaTA ghaDI dhanaghora... nemajI o bhAdava mAsaja, bhAdava mAsaja Ayo mArA nemajI Ayo mArA piu jI varSana lAgyo nIra... nemajI o Asoja mAsaja, Asoja mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mArA piu jI jogI baNa gayA z2ATa... nemajI o kAtika mAsaja, kAtika mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI 34. nemi bArahamAsA (kaMThAbharaNa se)

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hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya Ayo mAMrA piu jI ghara-ghara dIpaka mAla nemajI o migasara mAsaja, migasara mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mAMrA piu jI sAdhU saMta vihAra... nemajI o pohaja mAsaja, pohaja mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mAMrA piujI ThaNDa par3a e jI apAra nemajI o mAgha mAsaja, mAghaja mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mAMrA piu jI thara-thara kAMpe zarIra... nemajI o phAgaNa mAsaja, phAgaNa mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mAMrA piu jI ghara-ghara ur3e re gulAla... majI o cetaja mAsaja, cetaja mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mAMrA piu jI pUjana do giNagora ... nemajI o vaizAkha mAsaja, vaizAkha mAsaja Ayo mAMrA nemajI Ayo mAMrA piu jI AkhA tIja tevAra... (11) nemajo aura rAjula kA saMvAda (tarja - tejA gAogA jo ... ) rAjula - sunajyo- sunajyo nemajI the pAchA kyAne jAvo ho / rAjula to jove hai thArI bATaDI // nemajI : jIvAMrI to ghAta mhAsu, sahI nahIM jAve ho, mhArI to kAyA re palaTo khAviyo || rAjula : eka nahIM hAM do nahIM para ghaNAM bhavAM ro sAtha ho / i bhava mhAhI tArI mhArA nemajI // mhArA to hRdaya meM basa gayA ApajI || kuNa thAne bharamAyoM na kuNa to bahakAyo ho, koI to kAraNa suM kAThA rUThiyA // muzkila se to byAva racAyo sunajyo pyArA nemajI, toraNa AyA kiMkara chor3iyo // mUka jIvAM para dayA thAne AI mhArA nemajI, hAM rAjula kA hRdaya tu kiNa vidha tor3iyo / mI : mAyA suM mukti nahIM hai sunajyo rAjula nAra e, kAyAbina mAyA dhUla jAna jyo / 35. nemajI aura rAjula saMvAda 23e

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240 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya rAjula : prANanAtha ho Apa nema jI dUjyo nahIM nAtha jii| nema kA caraNa meM cita rAkha syUM // nemajI : zuddha revelA zIla thAro sunajyo rAjula nAra e| zIla rI mahimA ro nahIM pAra e| sakhiyAM : sakhiyAM to aradAsa kare suna jyo rAjula bAI sA, __ dhyAna chor3o e nema kuvAMra ko // sakhiyAM : kAlA pIlA nema sarIkhA ghaNA hai saMsAra meM, byAva to karonI sukha caina su / / rAjula : kAlA pIlA jo bhI nemajI hRdaya rA vo hAra hai| hAM-nema rI mahimA ro nahIM pAra e|| nemajI : sakhiyAM to bharamAsI thAne sunajyo rAjula nAra ho / sakhiyAM rI baikhAvaTa mati mAna jyo / / dohA : binA byAva ke lauTa gaye, chor3a moha jaMjAla, virakta bhAva se rahate haiM nema nAtha bhagavAn / eka karor3a assI lAkha sonayA, karate prati-dina dAna / aise mahApuruSoM ko pUnama kare praNAma / / sunakara isa saMdeza ko, rAjula bhaI behoza / sannATA taba chA gayA, donoM pakSoM meM ghora / / sakhiyAM : kare kare sakhiyAM, upacAra rAjula nAra e, hiMmata to dhAro e, jaga mAyane / nemajI : saMdeza aba bheja rahe haiM sunajo rAjula nAra e, preraNA dene meM toraNa aaviyo| isa bhava kA saMbaMdha tuma se sunaje rAjula nAra e, amara rahavelA jaga mAyane / / saMsArI vaibhava meM sukha nahIM hai saMsAra meM saMbaMdha to jor3oM e paraloka ko / / dohA : maiM to aba taiyAra hUM, tuma hovo taiyAra ! saphala kareM mAnava ko, sarvottama siddhi pAya / dohA : sunakara zubha sandeza ko, rAjula kare vicAra / saMjama lesyU zAna suM, sunajyo nema kuMvAra / / zubha moharata zubha lagna meM, saMjama sukharo vicAra / sAta so kanyA re sAtha meM, rAjula vaNI aNagAra / / rAjula : de de mhAne sata ro, Adeza mAtA pyArI the, __ saMjama to dhAruM ho sukha caina ko /

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241 hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya rahasI vo to zAdI binA, nemajI avatAra ro, rAjula to pAlelA zuddha zIla ne, dhanya-dhanya yAroM saphala ho gayo jIvana saMsAra meM, dharma dIpAyo jaga mAyane / 38 (12) nemajI kI lAvaNI--kavivara lavaNarAma / nemajI kI jAna banI bhArI, dekhana kuM Ave nara naarii| ati hai ghor3A aura hAthI, manakha rI ginatI nahIM aatii| UMTa para dhajAjo phaharAtI, dhamaka se dharatI tharrAtI // dohA : samudra vijayajI ko lADIlo, nemajI unakA nAma / rAjula dekha Aye paraNavA, ugrasena ghara tthaam| prasanna bhai nagarI saba sArI, nemajI kI jAna banI bhArI / kasuMbala bAgA atibhArI, kAne kuMDala chabi hai nyArI, kalaMgI torA sukhakArI, mAlA gale motiyana ko DAlI, dohA : kAne kuMDala jagamage, zISa khUba jhalakAra / koTIbhAnu kI karava upamA, zobhA adhika apAra / bAja rahyA bAjA TaksArI, nemajI kI... nemajI vacana pharamAe, pazu jIva kAe ko lAye / dohA : yAMko bhojana hovasI jAna vAsate leha, sunI vacana yaha nemajI thara-thara kAMpe deha, bhAva su car3ha gau giranArI, nemajI kI jAna... jharakhe rAjula de AI, hAtha jala pakaDyo china mAI kahA tUM jAve merI jAI, okhara hai tuma mokalAI dohA : mere to vara eka hI, ho gayA nema kuMvAra / aura bhuvana meM bara nahIM, koTi karo vicAra / dIkSA jaba rAjula ne dhArI, nemajI kI jAna... sahelyA saba hI samajhAve, hIe rAjula ke nahI Ave, jagata saba jhUThe darasAve, mere mana nema kuMvara bhAve, dohA : toGyAM kAMkara dorar3A, toGyA navasara hAra, kAjala TIki pAna sopArI, tyAgA saba siNagAra, 36. nemajI rAjula saMvAda /

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242 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya sahelyA saba hI vilakhANI, nemajI kI... tyAgyA saba solaha siMNagArA, AbhUSaNa ratnajar3ita sArA, lage mohe saba hI sukha bhArA, chor3akara cAlI nirdhaaraa| dohA : mAtapitA parivAra ko, tajatA na lAgI vAra / viyoga kara calI ApasaM, jAya car3hI giranAra, jhUmatI chor3I mAM pyArI, nemajI kI... dayA jaba pazuanakI AI, tyAga jaba dInoM china mAMI / nemajI giranAre jAI, pazu ke baMdhana chudd'vaaii| . dohA : nema rAjula giranAra pe, lIno saMjama dhAra / lavaNarAma karI lAvaNI, upanyo kevalajJAna / jinhoM kI kriyA bar3I pyArI, nemajI kI jAna... (13) kRSNa lAvaNI puruSottama pragaTyA avatArI, jagata meM mahimA vistaarii| Tera / devakI ko naMdana hai nIko, huo jAdava kula meM TIko, bhAdavA vadI aSTamI ko, janama jaba huo harijI ko| dohA : tina avasara vasudevajI, mana kA sodha miTAya / / komala kara meM leya kAnha ko, jAve gokula mAMya / bhavana se Aya utara heTA, dvAra ke tAlA jaDyA seMThA / kaMsa kA paharA bAhara baiThA, nikala jAne kA nahIM raastaa| dohA : caraNa aMgula lagAviyo, goviMda ko tiNa vAra / / khar3a-khar3a tAlA TUTa paGyA, koI sar3a sar3a khulyo dvAra / akhaNDita nikala gae bAharI, jagata meM .. aMdherI rAta ghaTA chAI, jora se gAje gagana mAMI / camakatI bijalyAM darzAI, vAyarI bAje joza khAI... dohA : ati umaMga AkAza se, par3a rahI jala kI dhAra / sahasra nAga chAMyA kara dIni, par3e na bUMda lgaar| jinhoM kA puNya bar3A bhArI, jagata meM mahimA... nikala mathurA se gokula dhAve, apaTa jamunAjI pura jAve / nikalavA mAraga nahIM pAve, vividha misatala mana meM ThAve / dohA : paga pharasyo gaupAla ko, jamunA huI do bhAga / vasudevajI turanta nikala gaye, hulasyo hiyo athAga /

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hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya gokula pahuMce giradhArI, jagata meM... yazodA ke hAtha jAya dIno, prema se giradhara ko lIno, nandajI mahotsava khUba kIno, dAna bahu yAcaka ko dIno / dohA : Ae mathurA meM nija ghare, vasudeva jI cAla / dina-dina bIja kalA jyoM bar3hatA, Anada meM naMdalAla / koI nahIM jAne nara-nArI, jagata meM... kRSNa dina-dina bhaiyA moTA, hAtha meM daNDa liyA choTA / gvAla saMga rame dahI hoTA, zatru ke huA jema soTA / dohA : solaha varSa gokula viSe, lIlA karI aneka | tIna khaNDa kA nAtha huA to, pUraba puNya to dekha / jagata vallabha kahe naranArI, jagata meM ... dalAlyAM dharma tiNi kIni, zAstra meM sAkha dekha lIni / dohA : mahAmuni nandalAlajI, tasya ziSya kahe ema / puNyapratApa vachita phala pAve, rakho dharma kA nema / mAMgalagar3ha jor3a karI tyArI, jagata meM mahimA... 37 (14) neminAtha aura rAjula - kavivara nemicaMda jo ma0 (rAga --- kuvarAM sAdhu taNo AcAra) ima kima chor3I nemakumAra rANI rAjula rA bharatAra ||Tera || chappana karor3a prabhu jAna baNAI, AyA harSa apAra / toraNa thI ratha pAcho pheryo, dayA dharma diladAra // 1 pazuana kI prabhu pIr3A dekhI, mArI nahIM suNI re pukAra, banda kiNI vilamAyA thAne, pAchA valyA iNa vAra / ima. / 2 jo thA vAlama nahIM paraNaNo to, pelI karatA vicAra / tela car3hI hamane chiTakAI, kima nikale jamAra / ima. / 3 thAre prItama yA hIja karaNI to, pherA phiratA cAra / hUM paNa saMjama sAtha letI, nahIM karatI manavAra / ima / 4 haMsa rahI mhAre sAsariyA rI, nahIM dekhyo ghara bAra / neNAM suM paranAlA barase, jhura rahI rAjula nAra / ima. / 5 37. kRSNa lAvaNI 243

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244 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya khaira karI piyA thAMne olumbo, kAMI deU bArambAra / ATha bhavAMrI prIta baMdhANI, nava meM toDyo tAra / ima / 6 ima kahI ne kAMkaNa Dorar3A, noyo navasara hAra / sakhI saheliyAM varajata sArI, jAya car3hI giranAra / ima. / 7 Apa to nemajI pelI padhAryA, mujhe na lIdhI laar| Apa pelI mUM jAUM mugata meM, jANajo thAMrI nAra / ima.8 / caupanna dinoM re pelI yoM satI, pohatI mokSa majhAra / nema rAjula yA sarIkhI jor3I, thor3I iNa saMsAra / ima / 6 pUjya amara siMghajI ro siMghAr3o, dIpata jyU dinakAra / pUjya pUnama mahArAja prasAde, bhaNe nema anngaar| ima. / 10 samata ugaNIse sAla pane, bhAdrava paMca zanivAra / gAma reDeDe kiyo caumAso, ghaNo huvo upagAra / ima. / 1138 rathanemi evaM rAjImatI rathanemi bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke laghubhrAtA the / rathanemi kA AkarSaNa rAjImatI kI ora prAraMbha se hI rahA / jaba bhagavAn ariSTanemi ne rAjImatI ko binA vivAha kiye hI chor3a diyA to rathanemi usake sAtha vivAha karane ke lie lAlAyita ho uThA aura apanI bhAvanA rAjImatI ke sAmane vyakta karane lgaa| rAjImatI ne vamana kara use pIne ke lie khaa| rathanemi ne kraddha hokara kahA-kyA tU merA apamAna karatI hai ? rAjImatI ne kahA-bhAI ke dvArA vamana kiye hue ko grahaNa karanA kyA tumhAre lie upayukta hai ? rathanemi kA viveka jAgata ho uThA / yahAM eka prazna ciMtanIya hai| vaha yaha haiahaMta ariSTanemi ke dIkSA lene ke pazcAt rathanemi ne bhI dIkSA grahaNa kii| Avazyaka niyukti, vRtti aura AcArya hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita meM likhA hai-rathanemi cAra sau varSa gRhasthAvasthA meM rahe, eka varSa chadmastha avasthA meM rahe aura pAMca sau varSa kevalI paryAya meM / unakA nau sau varSa kA AyuSya huaa| isI taraha kumArAvasthA, chadmastha avasthA aura kevalI avasthA kA vibhAga karake rAjImatI ne bhI utane hI AyuSya kA upabhoga kiyaa| 38. neminAtha aura rAjula-kavivara nemicaMda jI mahArAja /

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hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya 245 ariSTanemi tIna sau varSa kumArAvasthA meM rahe, sAta sau varSa chadmastha va kevalI avasthA meM rahe, isa taraha unhoMne eka hajAra varSa kA AyuSya bhogaa| jijJAsA yaha hai ki rathanemi bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke laghubhrAtA haiN| bhagavAn tIna sau varSa gahasthAzrama meM rahe tathA rathanemi aura rAjImatI cAra sau varSa / rAjImatI aura ariSTanemi ke nirvANa meM sirpha caupana dina kA aMtara hai / caupana dina ke aMtara kA ullekha kaviyoM kI racanA meM milatA hai| yadi usa ullekha ko prAmANika mAnA jAya to yaha spaSTa hai ki rAjImatI kA do sau varSa taka dIkSita na honA tathA gRhasthAzrama meM rahanA ciMtanIya viSaya hai| vijJoM ko isa saMbaMdha meM apanA maulika ciMtana prastuta karanA caahiye| uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI sukhabodhA vRtti tathA vAdIvetAla zAMtisUri racita bRhadvRtti, maladhArI AcArya hemacandra ke bhavabhAvanA graMtha ki dRSTi se ariSTanemi ke prathama pravacana ko zravaNa kara rAjImatI dIkSA grahaNa karatI hai aura kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra gajasukumAla muni ke mokSa jAne ke pazcAt rAjImatI naMda kI kanyA ekavAsA tathA yAdavoM kI aneka mahilAoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa karatI hai| rAjImatI yaha socane lagI ki bhagavAn ariSTanemi dhanya haiM jinhoMne moha ko jIta jJiyA / mujhe dhikkAra hai jo maiM moha ke daladala meM phaMsI huuN| isalie yahI zreyaskara hai kI maiM dIkSA grahaNa karUM / isa prakAra rAjImatI ne dRr3ha saMkalpa kara kaMghI ke saMvAre kAle kezoM ko ukhAr3a ddaalaa| zrIkRSNa ne AzIrvAda diyA he kanye ! isa bhayaMkara saMsAra rUpI sAgara se tU zIghra tirajA / rathanemi ne bhI usI samaya bhagavAn ke pAsa saMyama grahaNa kiyaa| eka dina kI ghaTanA hai-bAdaloM kI gar3agaDAhaTa se dizAeM kAMpa rahI thiiN| revataka kA vanaprAMtara sAMya-sAMya kara rahA thaa| sAdhvI samUha ke sAtha rAjImatI revataka giri para car3ha rahI thii| ekAeka chamAchama varSA hone lgii| sAdhvI samUha Azraya kI khoja meM idhara-udhara bikhara gyaa| bichur3I huI rAjahaMsinI kI taraha rAjImatI ne eka andherI guphA kA zaraNa liyaa| rAjImatI ne ekAMta sthAna nihAra kara saMpUrNa gIle vastra utAra diye aura unheM sUkhane ke lie phailA diye|

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246 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya rAjImatI kI phaTakAra se prabaddha banA huA rathanemi zramaNa banakara usI guphA meM pahale se hI dhyAna mudrA meM avasthita thaa| bijalI kI camaka meM nirvastra rAjImatI ko nihAra kara rathanemi vicalita ho gyaa| rAjImatI kI bhI dRSTi rathanemi para pdd'ii| vaha apane aMgoM kA gopana kara baiTha gii| kAmavihvala rathanemi ne madhura svara se kahA-he surUpA ! maiM tujhe prArambha se hI cAhatA rahA huuN| tU mujhe svIkAra kr| maiM tere binA jIvana dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA / tU merI manokAmanA pUrNa kara, phira samaya Ane para hama donoM punaH saMyama grahaNa kara leNge| rAjImatI ne dekhA ki rathanemi kA manobala dhvasta ho gayA hai| ve vihvala hokara saMyama se cyUta honA cAhate haiM / usane kahA-tuma cAhe kitane bhI sundara ho maiM kintu tumhArI icchA nahIM krtii| agaMdhana kula meM utpanna hue sarpa mara jAnA pasaMda karate haiM kiMtu vamana kiye hue viSa kA pAna nahIM krte| phira tuma isa prakAra kI icchA kyoM kara rahe ho ? jaise aMkuza se hAthI vaza meM ho jAtA hai, vaise hI rathanemi kA mana saMyama meM susthira ho gyaa| yaha kathA prasaMga nArI kI mahattA ko ujAgara karatA hai| nArI sadA mAnava kI patha-pradazikA rahI hai| jaba mAnava patha se vicalita huA taba nArI ne usakA saccA patha pradarzita kiyaa| jaise-brAhmI aura sundarI ne bAhubali ko ahaMkAra ke gaja se utarane kI preraNA dii| ___isa taraha ariSTanemi ke yuga ke aneka zramaNoM kA nirUpaNa isa adhyAya meM huA hai| isake pazcAt puruSAdAnIya bhagavAn pArzva ke tIrtha meM aMgati, supratiSThita, pUrNabhadra Adi kI bahuta hI saMkSepa meM kathAeM haiN| jitazatru aura subuddhi pradhAna kI kathA bhI usameM dI gaI hai| isa kathA meM durgandhayukta jala ko vizuddha banAne kI paddhati para ciMtana kiyA gayA hai / Adhunika yuga kI philTara paddhati bhI usa yuga meM pracalita thI / vizva meM koI bhI padArtha ekAMta rUpa se na pUrNa zubha hai aura na pUrNa rUpa se azubha hI hai| pratyeka padArtha zubha se azubha meM parivartita ho jAtA hai tathA pratyeka padArtha azubha se zabha meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| ataH aMtarmAnasa meM kisI ke prati ghRNA karanA anucita hai yaha bAta prastuta kathAnaka meM spaSTa kI gaI hai| yahAM para eka bAta smaraNa rakhane yogya hai-bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ina donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta zeSa bAvIsa tIrtha karoM ke zramaNa cAturyAma mahAvrata ke pAlaka the| para bAvIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke zramaNo

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247 hindI jaina zrIkRSNa muktaka sAhitya pAsaka dvAdaza vratoM ko hI dhAraNa karate the| unake lie pAMca hI aNuvrata the, cAra nhiiN| tathya aura niSkarSa : muktaka kAvya meM jIvana kA aMtardarzana aura rAgAtmakatA kI abhivyakti hotI hai| isameM bhAvanA kI aura anubhUti kI adhika gaharAI hotI hai| milana-viraha, harSa-zoka aura AnaMda-viSAda ke citra sImita rUpa meM jJeyatA dvArA laya aura gati ke sAtha upasthita hote haiN| isa prakAra ke kAvya meM AtmaniSThA aura AtmAnubhUti kA bhAva prakAzana sAmane AtA hai| hiMdI jaina muktaka sAhitya meM lAvaNI, DhAla, bArahamAsA, bhajana, pada jaisA vipula sAhitya milatA hai| viSaya kisI vyakti yA prasaMga ko lekara hI kyoM na hoM usameM zRMgAra se AraMbha hokara usakI parigati vItarAga rasa meM hotI hai| saMsAra kI svArthaparatA se bhayabhIta hokara aMta meM zAMti prApti ke lie aMtarmukha hokara aMtarAtama se preraNA prApta kI jAtI hai / aise padoM meM Atma-cetanA kI jAgRti aura gaharI AtmAnubhUti kI abhivyakti usakA lakSya hotA hai| usameM Atmanivedana bhI eka vizeSatA hai| jIvana ke sUkSma vyApaka satyoM kA udghATana karanA, mAnava ke prakRta rAgadveSoM kA parimArjana karanA aura mAnava kI svabhAvagata icchAoM tathA AkAMkSAoM aura pravRtti-nivRttiyoM kA sAmaMjasya karanA jaina muktaka kAvyoM kA varNya viSaya hai| kAvya ke "satyaM zIlaM suMdaram" ina tIna avayavoM meM se jaina muktaka kAvyoM meM lokahita, zivatva kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai| ahiMsA, satya, aparigraha evaM saMyama kI vivecanA sUkSmatA ke sAtha abhivyakti huI hai / vairAgya bhAvanA saMsAra kI asAratA ko prakaTa karatI hai / janakalyANa ke lie mAnavatA kA carama vikAsa Avazyaka hotA hai, jaina muktaka kAvyoM meM yaha saba sarasatA ke sAtha abhivyakta huA hai| maiMne isa adhyAya meM jina muktaka kAvya-vidhAoM ko adhyayana meM liyA hai, una saba meM yahI AtmaniSThatA aura vairAgya se utpanna vItarAga rasa pradhAna hai| zRgAra rasa ko bhI udAttIkaraNa ke sAtha vItarAga rasa meM pariNata karanA yahI hiMdI jaina muktaka kAvyoM kI anyatama vizeSatA hai| maiMne apane anuzIlana meM ise yathAsaMbhava dikhAne kI bharasaka ceSTA kI hai| 42. dharmakathAnuyoga : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, deveMdra muni zAstrI, pR0 55 bhuumikaa|

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248 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya isa adhyAya meM kula do phAgu kAvya, 3 beliyAM, 1 nemIbyAha, 1 nemicaMdrikA aura kaI bArahamAse haiN| inake atirikta kaI nemi-rAjula saMvAda, vANI, kRSNa aura nemi lAvaNiyAM bhI vidyamAna haiM / tathA eka pariccheda rathanemi aura rAjImatI viSayaka hai / ye sArI kRtiyAM hiMdI jaina kRSNa kAvya ke muktaka kAvya vidhA ko prastuta kara detI haiM / maiMne bharasaka inako ThIka-ThIka parakhane kA pUrA prayatna kiyA hai| lAvaNiyAM, bArahamAse aura saMvAda jaisI vidhAyeM lokamAnasa meM sAMskRtika rUpa meM adhika pratiSThita hotI rahI haiN| inakI geyatA aura inakI bhAva gaMbhIratA aura anubhUti kI tIvratA unheM janamAnasa-paTala para adhika prabhAva utpanna karane meM sahAyaka ho jAtI haiN| isameM anubhUti kI prAmANikatA bhI isameM cAra cAMda lagA detI hai| muktaka kAvya kI isa jaina vidhA meM rAjImatI kA viraha varNana vipralaMbha kA viSaya hone para bhI vaha jaina dArzanikatA kA vItarAgI tattva AtmasAta karatA huA sAMsArika asAratA aura moha se ubAra kara usako eka UMcI AdhyAtmika dharAtala para lA kara baiThA detA hai| yaha tathya atyaMta mArke kA aura apane DhaMga kA anokhA hai| bAdhAoM ke kagAroM para baiThI huI rAjImatI apane dhyeya patha se Tasa se masa nahIM hotii| yahAM taka kI ariSTanemi kA sahodara bhAI rathanemi bhI usako nahIM DigA sktaa| usake caritra kA yaha atyaMta anamola aura ujjvala pakSa hai jo use jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM aura vItarAgI jaina paraMparA ke sAhitya meM sarvopari sthAna dene meM hicakicAhaTa nahIM mahasUsa kregaa| yahI merA zodha niSkarSa isa hiMdI jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA mahatvapUrNa tathya geyatA aura lokasAhityaparaka sAMskRtika akSupNa lokapriyatA yaha eka anyatama tathya aura niSkarSa isa zodhAdhyayana meM mere hAtha AyA hai| isake bAda maiM apane samUce adhyayana ke tathyoM aura niSkarSoM ko lekara eka tulanAtmaka upasaMhAra prastuta karane kA prayAsa karane vAlA huuN| yahAM para usako maiMne kevala sUcita mAtra kara diyA hai| .

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra yaha aMtima adhyAya hai| maiMne aba taka jo anuzIlana kiyA usako aba bhAratIya sAhitya kI vibhinna paraMparAoM ke sAtha zrIkRSNa ke svarUpa para vihagAvalokana karate hue usako tulanIya rUpa meM dekhakara jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa ke zrIkRSNa-svarUpa ke tathyoM ko prathama prastuta karane kA prayatna kara rahA huuN| isake bAda apane samagra adhyAyoM ke niSkarSoM aura tathyoM ko prastutakara apane isa upasaMhAra ko pUrNa kruuNgaa| isa upakrama meM jo tathya hAtha lage haiM unako sAmane rakhakara isa kSetra meM alaga se anuzIlanaprada kyA ho sakatA hai usa para kevala iMgita karate hue maiM isakA samApana kruuNgaa| bhAratIya sAhitya kI vibhinna paraMparAoM meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva zrIkRSNa 'bhArata hI nahIM varan samasta vizva kI mahAna vibhUtiyoM meM agragaNya haiM / bhAratIya saMskRti ke pratyeka kSetra ko unakI mahatvapUrNa dena rahI hai| dharma, rAjanIti, adhyAtma, darzana, samAjazAstra Adi sabhI zrIkRSNa ke vyApaka zIlayukta vyaktitva evaM kRtitva se upakRta haiN| unake itane gahana aura vizada prabhAva kA pramANa isa tathya se bhalI-bhAMti mila jAtA hai ki sAhitya aura kalA kA pratyeka kSetra hameM zrIkRSNamaya milatA zrIkRSNa caritra ko deza kI sabhI bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM mahatvapUrNa apanApana milA hai| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hiMdI Adi sabhI bhASAoM meM zrIkRSNa sambandhI sAhitya prAcarya ke sAtha milatA hai| prAdezika bhASAoM meM bhI zrIkRSNa caritra ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna milA hai aura loka-sAhitya meM bhii| sAhitya kI lagabhaga sabhI vidhAoM ke mAdhyama se isa mahAna carita ko ujAgara karane kI saphala ceSTAeM bhAratIya sAhitya ke koSa ko samRddha karane

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250 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM samartha rahI haiN| vaidika, jaina, bauddha, Adi dharma-paraMparAoM ne bhI apaneapane AdarzoM va siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA dI aura zrIkRSNa ke jIvana-caritra kA apane-apane DhaMga se upayoga kiyA hai, usase zrIkRSNa carita svayaM hI aura adhika vyApaka ho gayA hai / hiMdI sAhitya kA itihAsa to zrIkRSNa yukta hai ho / vizeSa rUpa se bhakti kAla to zrIkRSNa carita kI amUlya nidhi se dhanya hI ho uThA hai| rItikAla ghora laukikatA ke lie vikhyAta hai hii| isa kAla meM bho zrIkRSNa ko jitanA apanApana milA hai, usase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrIkRSNa loka-jIvana meM kitane ghule mile hue haiM aura unakA caritra kitanA adhika lokapriya hai| jaina sAhitya to vizeSataH zrIkRSNa carita kI daSTi se baDA hI samaddha hai| eka dIrgha-paraMparA hameM jaina vAGmaya meM aisI milatI hai jisameM zrIkRSNa carita ko pratipAdya viSaya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina AgamoM meM bhI isa kathA ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna milA hai aura Agametara graMthoM meM bhii| jaina paraMparA meM sarva prathama AgamoM meM hI zrIkRSNa carita vaNita milatA hai / jaina kRSNa sAhitya ke isa prAcInatama rUpa ke astitva meM Ane aura isake vikasita hone kA apanA eka nirAlA hI DhaMga rahA hai / vastutaH jaina AgamoM meM-antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA saMkalana hai / bhagavAn apane vicAroM ko sAmAnya jana ke samakSa loka-pracalita itivRttoM aura AkhyAyikAoM aura kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se spaSTa karane kA prabhAvI prayatna kiyA karate the| isa krama meM vibhinna siddhAMtoM kI samucita vyAkhyA evaM puSTi ke prayojana se unhoMne zrIkRSNa jIvana kI vividha ghaTanAoM kA upayoga bhI ukta prayojana se kiyaa| spaSTa hai ki bha0 mahAvIra se pUrva bhI zrIkRSNa carita kA loka meM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM pracalana rahA, tabhI bhagavAna usakA upayoga kara sake aura use unhoMne upayoga ke yogya bhI smjhaa| yogya se artha yaha ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne anubhava kiyA ki zrIkRSNa carita ko loka-mAnasa dvArA itanA hRdayaMgama kiyA jA cukA hai ki maiM apane siddhAMtoM ke pratipAdana evaM spaSTIkaraNa ke hetu yadi isakA upayoga karUM to mere prayojana kI saphalatA meM yaha eka uttama sAdhana siddha ho sakatA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bhagavAna kA nirvANa IsA se 527 varSa pUrva huA thaa| isa tathya se yaha bhalI-bhAMti vidita hotA hai ki kRSNa kathA kA pracalana atyaMta prAcIna kAla se hai / jaina zrIkRSNa kathA kA apanA Agama Agama graMthoM meM dharma siddhAtoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai / jaba jisa siddhAMta

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra 251 ke pratipAdana meM zrIkRSNa jIvana ke jisa prasaMga kA upayoga samIcIna samajhA gayA taba usakA upayoga kara liyA gayA / astu, AgamoM meM zrIkRSNa jIvana ke anekoM prasaMga sammilita avazya ho gaye haiM, kintu jaina zrIkRSNa-kathA ke isa AraMbhika svarUpa meM ye prasaMga kramabaddhatA ke sAtha prastuta nahIM ho pAe haiN| vahAM ina prasaMgoM meM na to kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdha sthira ho pAtA hai aura na pUrvApara svarUpa hI bana pAtA hai / sAtha hI ye vibhinna prasaMga anyAnya viSayaka kathAoM ke bIca-bIca meM bikhare par3e haiM / inheM ekatra kara vyavasthita evaM kramabaddha svarUpa dene ke prayAsoM se Agametara graMtha astitva meM Ae / Agametara graMtha bhI vibhinna viSayoM aura prayojanoM se sambaddha rahe haiM / sAhitya kSetra meM jyoM-jyoM bhASA mAdhyama badalatA gayA tyoM-tyoM yaha kathAnaka yugIna bhASA meM r3halatA gayA aura jaina kRSNa kathA saMbaMdhI vizAla kRti-samuccaya nirmita ho gayA / aitihAsika mahApuruSa zrIkRSNa ke jIvana carita ko niHsaMdeha sabhI dizAoM se apanAyA gayA hai aura vaidika vAGmaya bhI isakA apAvada nahIM hai / vaidika sAhitya kA vipula bhAga zrIkRSNa saMbaMdhI hai / ina graMthoM se zrIkRSNa ke svarUpa, vyaktitva, jIvana aura viziSTatAoM para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai / vaidika paraMparA ke graMthoM kA adhyayana eka aura tathya bhI prakAzita karatA hai ki zrIkRSNa nAmaka eka hI nahIM ekAdhika viziSTa vyakti rahe haiM / devakI - vasudeva putra zrIkRSNa to vaidika sAhitya meM pratipAdya rahe hI haiM, kintu inase bhI bhinna isI nAma ke ( zrIkRSNa) anya jana bhI rahe haiM aura unakI carcA bhI isa sAhitya meM huI hai / una sabhI zrIkRSNoM kA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna rahA hai aura apanI-apanI vizeSatAoM ke nirUpaNa hetu unheM isa sAhitya meM yathocita sthAna prApta huA hai / ina aneka zrIkRSNa-svarUpoM meM se devakInaMdana zrIkRSNa ko bhinna karake pahacAnanA apane Apa meM avazya hI eka gaMbhIra aura mahatva pUrNa kArya rahA hogA / inhIM zrIkRSNa ( devakInaMdana ) ke carita kA citraNa bhI vaidika paraMparA meM apanI mAnyatAoM aura dRSTikoNoM ke anurUpa hI huA hai / prakAra bauddha sAhitya meM bhI zrIkRSNa ko samucita sthAna milA hai, kintu bauddha dharma aura siddhAMtoM ke anurUpa hI unakA vyaktitva nirUpita huA hai / bauddha dharma-graMthoM meM jAtaka kathAoM kA viziSTa aura mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / inameM se ghaTa jAtaka kA saMbaMdha zrIkRSNa carita se hai / jaina zrIkRSNa carita kI apekSA vaidika zrIkRSNa kA carita kAMphI bhinna hai / bauddha sAhitya meM upalabdha unakA rUpa aura bhI bhinna hai / sabhI ne isa eka carita kA upayoga apane DhaMga se va apanI dRSTi se kiyA hai / pariNAmataH ina sabhI zrIkRSNa-svarUpoM kA

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252 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya adhyayana karane se ina vibhinna dharmoM kA pArasparika dRSTi-bheda spaSTa ho jAtA hai| jaina kathA sAhitya meM kRSNa pratyeka deza, jAti aura dharma ke sAhitya meM kathAoM kA bar3A janapriya sthAna rahA hai| loka sAhitya meM bhI kahAniyoM kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| kutUhala aura jijJAsA kI pravRtti ke kAraNa kathAeM zrotA kA mana AkarSita karane meM atyanta saphala rahI haiN| aura, aMta taka apane sAtha unheM jor3a kara rakhane kI kSamatA bhI rakhatI haiN| kore upadeza zuSka va nIrasa ho jAte haiN| sarvasAdhAraNa unake prati AkarSita nahIM ho pAtA / isI kAraNa upadezoM kA lAbha una taka pahuMca vahIM paataa| jaba upadiSTa kathya kathA ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai to rucikara ho jAtA hai aura lakSita vyaktiyoM taka sugamatA se pahuMca jAtA hai| dhArmika netA anuyAyiyoM meM aisI kathAoM ke mAdhyama se apekSita parivartana lAne meM anya mArgoM kI apekSA adhika saphala hote haiN| kathA-kahAniyoM meM kisI siddhAMta kA korA darzana na hokara dRSTAMta rUpa meM vyAvahArika rUpa se ghaTita ghaTanA kA rUpa hotA hai, ataH vaha siddhAMta sajIva, sahaja aura adhika vizvasanIya ho uThatA hai aura prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se parivartana upasthita kara detA hai / ___ jaina vAGmaya meM bhI kathA sAhitya ke isa adbhuta camatkArapUrNa prabhAva ke kAraNa ise asAdhAraNa prazraya milA hai| kevala tAttvika vivecana, dArzanika vicAra aura dhArmika kriyAoM ko hI jaina sAhitya kA pratipAdya samajhane vAle bhrama meM haiN| yathArtha meM usakA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa, rocaka tathA lokapriya aMza to kathA sAhitya kA hI hai| vastuta: jaina kathA sa hitya kA eka vizAla bhaNDAra hai / jaina kathAeM vibhinna bhASAoM meM vibhinna zailiyoM aura rUpoM meM milatI haiM / jaina kathAoM meM loka kathAeM bhI haiM to naitika AkhyAyikAeM bhI haiM, sAhasika kahAniyAM bhI haiM to pazupakSiyoM kI aura devI devatAoM kI kahAniyAM bhI haiM / muktaka rUpa meM svataMtra kahAniyAM bhI milatI haiM aura kahAniyoM ke samuccaya bhI milate haiM jinheM zRMkhAlAbaddha kara vizada kathAnaka kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| __ jaina kathAoM ke kathAnaka kalpanA para AdhArita bhI haiM to itihAsa purANAdi para bhI AdhArita haiN| mahAbhArata,zrImad bhAgavata Adi pratiSThita jainetara graMthoM kA Azraya bhI nissaMkoca bhAva ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra kathAnaka cAhe itihAsa-purANoM se grahaNa kie gae hoM aura cAhe

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra 253 ve kalpanA prasUta hoM, jaina kathA sAhitya kI eka zAzvata vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki ve vizuddha bhAratIya dharAtala para avasthita haiN| usa para bhAratIya saMskRti kA AcchAdana rahA hai tathA usake dvArA pratipAdita Adarza sadA bhAratIyatA kI garimA se saMpanna rahA hai| jaina kathAkAroM kA taMtra jaina kathAkara apane kathya ke viSaya meM sadA mukta aura svAdhIna rahA hai| usake mAnasa meM kisI prakAra kA pUrvAgraha nahIM hotaa| isa dRSTi se bauddha kathAoM aura jaina kathAoM meM eka aMtara atyaMta spaSTa rUpa meM udghATita ho jAtA hai| bauddha kathAoM ko kevala sAdhana kA rUpa hI diyA gayA hai ; jinake mAdhyama se dhArmika siddhAMtoM kA vivecana hI unakA parama lakSya hotA hai| yaha vivecana hI unakA pramukha rahA hai aura kathA gauNa hI gayI hai| jaina kathAoM meM kathA ko pramukha, sAdhya kA svarUpa milA hai| kathAkAroM ke lie kathA kA vastuparaka sthAna rahA hai| vaha to apane pAtroM, ghAta-pratighAtAdi paristhitiyoM meM ramakara kahAnI kahatA calatA hai| isa daurAna usakA citta kathAnaka ke bAhara kisI aise tathya ke pIche nahIM bhaTakatA hai jisako apratyakSa rUpa meM prakaTa karane mAtra ke lie kahAnI kahane kA bahAnA bhara kiyA gayA ho / kathA-kathana hI usakA lakSya hai jo kisI siddhAMta ke pratipAdana hetu pratibaddha nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kahAnI meM kisI anya uddezya kI gaMdha na pAkara usake prati pAThaka bhI samagratA ke sAtha rucizIla ho uThatA hai| kathA svarUpa kA nirvAha bhI isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa bhalI-bhAMti sambhava ho sakA hai| jaina kathAeM hone se, jainatva kA raMga una para na caDhe to sAdhAraNa anya kahAnI na hokara inheM jaina kathAoM kI saMjJA kyoM kara dI jA sakatI thI? ina para jaina darzana kA halkA sA puTa rahatA avazya hai kiMtu ullekhanIya yaha hai ki vaha puTa na to itanA gAr3hA car3hAyA jAtA hai ki isa meM nire dharma pracAra kA svarUpa bar3hakara kathA svarUpa ko samApta kara de / prAyaH kiyA yaha gayA hai ki kahAnI to apanI samasta svacchaMdatA ke sAtha calatI rahI hai atha se iti taka, kevala saMbaMdhita jaina darzana kA saMketa mAtra unameM bhara diyA gayA hai| inheM kathA ke mAdhyama se puNya ke suphala aura duSkarma ke duSpariNAmoM ko spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| isase yaha iMgita spaSTa mila jAtA hai ki prastuta kathA jaina dharma yA jaina darzana ke amuka siddhAMta ke dRSTAnta rUpa meM kathita hai / dRSTAMta aura ina jaina kathAoM meM aMtara yaha AbhAsita ho jAtA hai ki dRSTAMta meM

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254 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya poSita siddhAMta kA kathana pUrva meM hI ho jAtA hai aura siddhAMta ke tAttvika evaM spaSTa vivecanA ke lie eka choTI-moTI kathA bhI kaha dI jAtI hai| isa krama meM kathA kI svataMtratA kA nirvAha nahIM ho paataa| idhara jaina kathA hI pramukha sthAna grahaNa kara letI hai| ataH niSkarSataH hI kisI naitika siddhAMta kI puSTi ho gayI ho-aisA pratibhAsita bhara kara diyA gayA hai / isa prakAra apratibaddha rUpa meM jaina kathAeM jana sAdhAraNa ke sAtha svastha manoraMjana karAne meM bhI samartha rahI haiN| kathAkAra kI saphalatA isa apratibaddhatA ke kAraNa eka supariNAma aura bhI bana gayA hai jo bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa hai| apanI isa svacchaMdatA ke kAraNa kathAkAra pratyeka prakAra kI mAnasitA ko grahaNa karane meM saphala rahA hai, jIvana kI dazAeM aura bhAvanAtmaka paristhitiyoM ko kathAoM meM apanApana milA hai| phalata: kathA sAhitya kA dAyarA phailakara bar3A vyApaka ho gayA aura vaha jIvana ke aMtarikSa ko sparza karane lgaa| jaina kathA sAhitya, jIvana aura samAja kA darpaNa bana gayA hai| apanI isa vyApaka-paratA ke kAraNa jaina kathA sAhitya sarva sAmAnya kI ruci kA viSaya bana gyaa| yahI to isa kathA sAhitya kI prakriyA hai| manoraMjana ke lakSya se jana-mana ko AkarSita kara bar3e hI sahaja aura sarasa DhaMga se kisI na kisI tAttvika yA dArzanika siddhAMta ko sugama banA kara isa meM prastuta kara diyA jAtA hai| kathA kA Azraya pAkara yaha sampreSaNa sugama aura prabhAvapUrNa ho jAtA hai / inakI lokapriyatA jaina kathAeM lokapriyatA kI kasauTI para uccatama rIti se kharI utarI haiN| na kevala sAre rASTra kI ruci isa ora jAgRta huyI hai, apitu aMtarrASTrIya ruci bhI isa kathA sAhitya ke prati vikasita haI hai| yoropa ke aneka prAcyavidoM ne jaina kathA sAhitya ke prati AtaMrika AkarSaNa vyakta karate hae gahana gaveSaNA kA kArya kiyA hai| aise vidvAnoM meM TAne, harTala, balara, lyamena, tessitorI, jekobI Adi ke nAma sammAna ke sAtha lie jAte haiN| yaha bhAratIya jaina sAhitya rASTrIya sImA lAMgha kara videzoM taka bhI pahuMca gayA hai| ina tathyoM se isa mAnyatA kI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki jaina kathAeM jahAM eka ora prabala jana ruci se yukta hai, vahIM dUsarI aura unameM jaina-dhArmikatA kA saMzleSaNa pragAr3hatA ke sAtha nahIM hai| unakA apanA svataMtra

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra 255 sAhityika svarUpa hai, anyathA anya dhArmika sAhitya meM ve ghula-milakara ekAkAra kadApi nahIM ho paatii| hamArA jaina kathA sAhitya isa dRSTi se eka virATa dharAtala para avasthita hai / vaha akhila bhAratIya saMskRti sApekSya hai| kisI prakAra kA sAMskRtika saMkoca isameM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kathA-sAhitya kA sArvadezika evaM sArvakAlika akSuNNa mahatva hai| jaina kathAoM meM jIvana kA bar3A hI prabhAva pUrNa citra milatA hai| vaidika paraMparA aura jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa kathA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana vAsudeva zrIkRSNa aura zrIkRSNa vAsudeva jaina evaM vaidika paraMparAoM meM zrIkRSNa ke jIvana vRtta ke svarUpa paryApta rUpa se samarUpa haiM, kyoMki donoM hI ke lie udgama srota itihAsa hI hai / yaha anya biMdu hai ki donoM paraMparAoM meM usa eka hI aitihAsika vRtta ko prastuta karane ke prayojana bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH svarUpa vaibhinna bhI A gayA hai / isa dRSTi se eka pramukha asamAnatA yaha pAyI jAtI hai ki yadyapi donoM hI paraMparAoM meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva ke putra haiM, kiMtu jahAM vaidika paraMparA meM ve vAsudeva zrIkRSNa haiM, vahAM jaina paraMparA meM ve "zrIkRSNa vAsudeva' haiM / sAmAnyataH ina donoM meM cAhe aMtara nahIM kiyA jAe aura donoM kA prayoga kisI sthala ke lie ho sakane ke yogya pratIta hotA hai| phira bhI donoM meM maulika aMtara haiM / vaidika paraMparA meM "vAsudeva zrIkRSNa" kA tAtparya mAtra yahI hai-vasudeva-putra zrIkRSNa aura isa rUpa meM samagra itihAsa meM zrIkRSNa hI eka mAtra pAtra haiM / yadyapi vasudeva ke anya aneka putra the| balarAma bhI unhIM ke putra the, kiMtu ve vAsudeva ke apara nAma kA vahana nahIM krte| "vAsudeva" zabda zrI kRSNa ke paryAyavAcI rUpa meM hI rUr3ha aura sImita ho gayA hai| "vAsUdeva" zabda ke prayoga se akele zrIkRSNa kA hI paricaya prApta hotA hai, kisI anya vAsudeva putra kA nhiiN| isake viparIta jaina paraMparA meM jaba zrIkRSNa ko vAsudeva kahA jAtA hai to isakA prayojana yaha hai ki ve eka vAsudeva the| yahAM "vAsudeva" kA artha vasudeva-putra kadApi nahIM haiN| vAsudeva to eka zreNI yA varga hai / isa dRSTi se vAsudeva ekAdhika hoM- isameM koI asvAbhAvikatA pratIta nahIM hotii| niyati kA kAla cakra jaina paraMparA meM kAlacakra kI eka samagra vyavasthA hai| kAla apane pravAha ke sAtha-sAtha sadA parivartanazIla rahatA hai, / kabhI dhArmika pravRtti evaM

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256 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya sadAdarzoM kA utthAna hotA calatA hai aura kabhI usake carama para pahuMcakara samaya adhomukhI hone lagatA hai| jaise ghar3I kI suIyAM 6 se 12 ke aMko taka niraMtara ucca se uccatara hotI rahatI haiM aura tatpazcAt 12 se 6 taka kI yAtrA meM ve nimna se nimnatara dizA meM gamana karane lagatI haiN| tAtparya yahI hai ki patana se unnati kI ora aura unnati se apakarSa kI ora kI yaha gati jagata kI niyati hai jo sadA niraMtarita rahA karatI hai| dharmabhAvanA bhI kramazaH vikasita hotI rahatI hai aura punaH saMkucita hone lagatI hai| vikAsa aura hAsa kI yaha avasthA sarpavat kahI jAtI hai| sarpa kI pUMcha se phana kI ora AkAra uttarottara vikAsa kA pratIka mAnA jA sakatA hai, aura phana se pUMcha kI ora kramazaH hAsa kI ora / prathama sthiti ko utsarpiNI kAla aura dvitIya ko avasarpiNI kAla kahA jAtA hai| utsarpiNI ke bAda avasarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ke bAda punaH utsarpiNI kAla kA yaha ajasra krama asamApya mAnA jAtA hai / ghar3I kI suIyAM bhI to 6 se 12 taka car3hakara 12 se 6 taka nIce utaratI rahatI haiM aura punaH 6 se 12 taka kI utkarSa yAtrA Arambha kara detI haiM / suIyoM kI ye donoM yAtrAoM ko jaise 6-6 bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai, vaise hI pratyeka utsapiNI kAla aura avapiNI kAla bhI 6-6 khaNDoM meM vibhakta hotA hai| pratyeka khaMDa ko "ArA" kahA jAtA hai| ina AroM kI avadhi samAna nahIM hotI hai koI choTA aura koI bar3A hotA hai| isa prakAra eka kAla cakra meM eka utsarpiNI kAla aura eka avasarpiNI kAla rahatA hai ora kula 12 araka hote haiN| pratyeka kAla cakra ke tIsare aura cauthe araka meM 24-24 tIrthaMkara hote haiM / vartamAna samaya meM jo dharma bhAvanA kA apakarSa ora kSINatA dRSTigata hotI hai, isase bhI yahI tathya saMketita hotA hai ki yaha avasarpiNI kAla hai / isa avasarpiNI kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI paraMparA samApta ho gyii| 24veM tIrthaMkAra bhagavAna mahAvIra hue haiM aura abhI yaha 5vAM ArA hai| spaSTa hai ki pratyeka utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara-paraMparA (24 tIrthaMkara) rahatI hai| isI prakAra pratyeka kAla meM 12 cakravartI, 6 vAsudeva, 6 prativAsudeva aura 6 baladeva hote haiM / isa prakAra pratyeka kAla meM 63 zlAghanIya mahApuruSa hote haiN| "triSaSTizalAkA-mahApuruSa" meM isa ava-sarpiNI kAla ke inhIM 63 zlAghanIya puruSoM ke carita vaNita haiN| bhagavAna ariSTanemi isa avasarpiNI kAla ke 22veM tIrthaMkAra hue haiN| inhIM ke kAla meM haveM vAsudeva zrI kRSNa, veM prati vAsudeva jarAsaMdha aura haveM baladeva balarAma hue haiN|

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra 257 zrIkRSNa haveM vAsudeva haiM vAsudevoM ko tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAMti eka paraMparA hotI hai aura zrIkRSNa isa paraMparA ke 6 vAsudevoM meM se eka haiN| vAsudeva isa prakAra eka varga, eka paraMparA, eka zreNI hai, eka upAdhi hai| jaina paraMparA meM vAsUdeva kA artha vAsudeva putra kadApi nahIM hai / nizcita vidhAna hai ki vAsudeva ke hAthoM prativAsUdeva kA parAbhava hotA hai aura baladeva vAsudeva kA sahAyaka hotA hai| triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra ke atirikta sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, Avazyaka niyukti Adi meM ina sabhI 63 mahApuruSoM ke vistRta paricaya ke ataMrgata unake mAtA-pitA ke nAma, unake zArIrika AkAra, AyuSyAdi ke viSaya meM vivaraNa milatA hai / yathA triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa aura sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga ke anusAra baladeva aura vAsudeva vaMza maMDana-sadRza the, ve uttama the, pradhAna the| ve ojasvI, tejasvI, balazAlI tathA zobhita zarIra vAle the| ve kAMta, saumya, subhaga, priyadarzana, surUpa, aura sukhazIla the| unake pAsa pratyeka vyakti sukha rUpa se pahuMca sakatA hai| sabhI loga unake darzana ke pipAsu haiM / ve mahAbalI haiN| ve apratihata aura aparAjita haiM / zatru kA mardana karane vAle aura hajAroM zatruoM kA mAna naSTa karane vAle haiN| dayAlu, amatsarI, acapala aura acaNDa haiM / mRdu, maMjula aura muskarAte hue vArtAlApa karane vAle haiN| unakI vANI gaMbhIra madhura aura satya hotI hai| ve vAtsalya yukta hote haiM, aura zaraNa yogya hote haiN| unake zarIra lakSaNa aura cinha yukta haiM tathA sarvAMga sandara hotA hai| ve caMdra ke samAna zItala aura IrSyA rahita haiN| prakANDa daNDa nIti vAle haiN| gaMbhIra darzana vAle haiN| baladeva ke tAla dhvaja aura vAsudeva ke garuDa dhvaja haiN| ve mahAna dhanuSya kA TaMkAra karane vAle haiN| ve mahAna bala meM samudra kI taraha haiN| raNAMga meM ve durdhara dhanurdhara haiN| ve vIradhIra puruSa haiM aura yuddha meM kIrti prApta karane vAle haiN| ve mahAna kula meM paidA hue haiM aura vajra ke bhI TakaDe kara deM- aise balavAna haiN| ve saumya haiM, rAjavaMza ke tilaka ke samAna haiM, ajita haiM, ajitaratha haiM / baladeva hAtha meM hala rakhate haiM, aura vAsudeva zaMkha, cakra, gadA, zakti aura nandaka dhAraNa karate haiN| unake makaTa meM zreSTha, ujjvala, vimala kaustubha maNi hotI hai, kAna meM kuNDala hote haiM jisase unakA mukha zobhAyamAna hotA hai| unako AMkheM kamalasadaza hotI haiM, unakI chAtI para ekAvalI hAra laTakA rahatA hai| unake zrIvatsa kA lAMchana hai| unake aMgopAMga meM 800 prazasta cinha zobhita hote haiN| kroMca pakSI ke madhara aura gaMbhIra zArada svara jaisA unakA ninAda hai / baladeva nIle raMga ke aura vasudeva pIle raMga ke vastra pahanate haiN| ve tejasvI, narasiMha,

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258 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya narapati, nareMdra haiM / ve nara-vRSabha haiM aura devarAja iMdra ke samAna haiN| rAjalakSmI se zobhita ve rAma aura kezava donoM bhAI hote haiM / ____ isa prakAra ke zrIkRSNa jaina paraMparA meM akele zrIkRSNa to haiM kiMtu ve aura kevala ve hI vAsudeva nahIM haiN| zrIkRSNa to 6 vAsudevoM meM se eka haiN| vAsudeva kI jo sAmAnya bhUmikA hai, usase zrIkRSNa kA jaina paraMparA meM jo sthAna hai, jo vyaktitva hai vaha bhalI-bhAMti spaSTa ho jAtA hai| pratyeka vAsUdeva kI bhAMti zrIkRSNa bhI trikhaMDAdhipati haiN| unakA tInoM khaNDoM para ekachatra Adhipatya hai / vAsudeva pada nidAna-kRta hotA hai| pratyeka vAsudeva ke pUrva prativAsudeva hotA hai| usakA bho tona khaNDoM para Adhipatya hotA hai| jIvana ke aMtima bhAga meM vaha adhikAra ke mada meM unmatta rahate lagatA hai aura anyAyI va atyAcArI ho jAtA hai / atyAcAra ko samApta karane ke lie vAsudeva prativAsudeva ke sAtha yuddha karate haiM aura. unase prativAsudeva parAjita ho jAtA hai / vAsudeva ke hAthoM prativAsudeva kA saMhAra hotA hai| prativAsudeva kA hanana svacakra se hI ho jAtA hai| prativAsUdeva ke trikhaMDa sAmrAjya kA saMpUrNa adhikAra vAsUdeva ko prApta ho jAtA hai| zrIkRSNa vAsudeva aura jarAsandha prativAsudeva ke prasaMga aise hI ghaTita hue haiN| vAsudeva mahAna vIra aura aparAjeya hote haiM / ve 36 yuddha karate haiM aura kabhI kisI bhI yuddha meM unakA parAbhava nahIM hotaa| unameM 30 lAkha aSTApadoM kI zakti hotI hai kiMtu ve kabhI apanI zakti kA durupayoga nahIM karate / vAsudeva balazAlI to hote haiM, kiMtu ve upAsya nahIM hote| tIrthaMkara hI upAsya hote haiM aura vAsudeva bhI unakI upAsanA karate haiN| zrIkRSNa vAsudeva bhI tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke parama zradhdAlu bhakta the| vAsudeva bhautika dRSTi se apane yuga ke sarva zreSTha adhinAyaka hote haiM / AdhyAtmika kSetra meM ve nidAna-kRta hone ke kAraNa cauthe guNasthAna se Age nahIM bar3ha paate| jaina paraMparA meM tIrthaMkaratva sarvocca AdhyAtmika upalabdhi mAnya rahI hai| zrIkRSNa vAsudeva raheM haiM aura vAsudeva isa sthiti taka nahIM phuNcte| jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara hI dharma-praNetA, pravartaka evaM tIrthaMkara hI upAsya aura ArAdhya hote haiN| zrIkRSNa kA avatAratva aura vAsudevatva : isake viparIta vaidika paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa ArAdhya haiM, upAsya haiM, ve bha givata dharma ke pravartaka haiN| pANini ke AdhAra para yaha bho sthira kiyA

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256 tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra jAtA hai ki IsA pUrva 7vIM zatI meM vAsudeva kI pUjA pracalita thii| bhAgavata dharma ke mUla pravartaka nArAyaNa the kiMtu kAlAMtara meM nArAyaNa aura vAsudeva ko abhinna mAnA jAne lgaa| mahAbhArata meM eka sthala para ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki sAtvata dharma yA bhAgavata dharma kA upadeza sarvaprathama vAsudeva zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ko diyaa| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki bhAgavata dharma pravartaka zrIkRSNa aura vAsudeva eka hI haiM, ye donoM eka hI vyakti ke do nAma haiN| hAM, bhANDArakara ne avazya hI yaha mAnyatA dI hai ki ye donoM pRthakpathaka vyakti rahe, jo Age calakara eka dUsare ke rUpa meM dekhe-jAne laga gye| unakI mAnyatA to yaha bhI hai ki bhAgavata dharma meM svIkRta zrIkRSNa kI vividhatA ko liyA huA jo svarUpa hai, vaha kisI eka hI vyakti kA nahIM apitu zrIkRSNa nAmadhArI ekAdhika vyaktiyoM ke guNoM kA sammilita rUpa haiM, kiMtu isa mata meM koI aucitya pratIta nahIM hotaa| zrIkRSNa eka hI hai aura unhIM kA vyaktitva bhAgavata meM citrita huA hai| isa prasaMga para "gItA rahasya" meM lokamAnya bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka ne bhI apanA niSkarSa isa prakAra prakaTa kiyA hai-"hamAre mata meM zrIkRSNa cAra-pAMca nahIM hae, ve kevala eka hI aitihAsika mahApuruSa the| bhAMDArakara kI isa dhAraNA pIche tilaka ne kalpanA tattva kA AdhAra hI mAnA hai, koI Thosa aura prAmANika AdhAra nhiiN| itanA nizcita ho gayA hai ki vaidika paraMparA meM nArAyaNa dvArA pravartita bhAgavata dharma kA pratipAdana karane vAle zrIkRSNa aura vAsudeva do bhinna vyakti nahIM apitu ve eka hI evaM abhinna haiM / nArAyaNa athavA viSNu ke avatAra hI vAsudeva kRSNa haiN| ye hI zrIkRSNa nArAyaNa yA viSNu ke avatAra rUpa meM pRthvItala para utpanna hue| bhAgavata dharma ko loka-jIvana ke adhika nikaTa lAne kI AvazyakatA ke kAraNa hI isa avatAravAda kA astitva bnaa| dharma ke kore darzana ke rUpa se nikAlakara jana AsthA kA viSaya banAnA Avazyaka thA aura brahma ke nirAkAra rUpa ko AkAra detA anivArya samajhA jAne lagA thaa| isake lie paricaya-sAmIpya kI 1. DA, bhANDArakara (vaiSNavijma eNDa zaivijma) tathA hemacaMdrarAya caudharI (ali hisTrI oNpha vaiSNava sekTa) ne pANinI ke isa sUtra ko tadartha AdhAra mAnA hai - vAsudevArjunAbhyAM vanaM 2. mahAbhArata : zAntiparva 3. gItArahasya : lokamAnya bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka /

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260 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya anivAryatA ko dekhate hue avatAravAda sahAyaka siddha hone lgaa| AcArya naMdadulAre vAjapeyI ne bhI "mahAkavi sUradAsa meM isI tarka ko avatAravAda ke AdhAra rUpa meM mAnyatA dI hai| rAmAyaNa kAla taka isa avatAravAda ko pratiSThA milane lagI thii| avatAravAda ___'brahma kA avatAra mAnava dharma ke rakSaNArtha, duSToM ke dalanArtha evaM bhaktoM ke raMjanArtha hotA hai' aisA svIkAra kiyA jAne lagA aura avatAravAda kA vikAsa hone lgaa| svayaM gItA ke anusAra hI Izvara ajara aura amara hai aura apanI isa aMtahInatA ko mAyA se saMkucita kara vaha zarIra dhAraNa kara loka meM avatarita hotA hai| Izvara kA isa prakAra mAnava rUpa meM avatarita honA, mAnava zarIra dhAraNa kara janma lenA hI avatAra kI parikalpanA kA buniyAdI aura sIdhA-sAdA tAtparya hai| manuSya to kabhI Izvara nahIM bana sakatA, kiMtu Izvara avazya hI manuSya bana sakatA hai| aura, isa avataraNa kA prayojana jagata meM vyApta adharmAndhakAra kA vinAzana dharma loka kA prasAraNa karanA hai / sAdhuoM kI rakSA karanA aura duSToM kA vinAza kara dharma kI punaH sthApanA karanA avatAravAda kI bhUmikA hai yadA yadA hi dharmasya, glAnirbhavati bhArata / abhyutthAna-madharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham // paritrANAya sAdhUnAM, vinAzAya ca dRSkRtAm / dharmasaMsthApanArthAya, saMbhavAmi yuge-yuge / / " pRthvI ke duHkha se duHkhI hokara devatAoM aura brahmA jI ne pRthvI kA bhAra utArane kI prArthanA bhagavAna viSNu se kii| bhagavAna viSNu ne apanI pratijJA pUrNa kI aura pRthvI para mAnava rUpa meM janme / rAkSasoM kA nAza karane ke lie bhagavAna viSNu ne devako-vAsudeva ke yahAM bhI kRSNa rUpa meM janma liyaa| mahAbhArata ke Adiparva 63/68 ke isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki vaidika paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa viSNu ke avatAra haiN| loka-saMgraha evaM loka-raMjana ke rUpa ke lie viSNu ne zrIkRSNa rUpa meM zarIra dhAraNa kiyA aura zrIkRSNa vyApaka lokamaMgala ke lakSya kI pUrti hI karate rhe| 4. mahAkavi sUradAsa-AcArya naMda dulAre vAjapeyI / 5. zrImad bhagavad giitaa| 6. mahAbhArata-Adi parva 63/68 /

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra 261 jaina paraMparA meM uttAravAda isake viparIta jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa ko vAsudeva rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| usameM unake avatAra hone kI mAnyatA prApta nahIM hai / vastusthiti yaha hai ki jaina avatAravAda ko hI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| tIrthaMkara ko bhI avatAra nahIM mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM to manuSya hI sarvopari mahattA saMpanna hai| vahI saMmArgAnusaraNa se zIrSastha sthAna para pahuMca jAtA hai| Izvara jaisI parikalpanA bhI jaina-ciMtana kA viSaya kabhI nahIM rhii| mAnava sattA se Upara kisI kA astitva svIkArya nahIM samajhA gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM jaina-vizvAsa avatAravAda ke pakSa meM nahIM apitu uttAravAda ke pakSa meM hai| Izvara kI sthiti to nivikAra hai| avatAra lekara use vikAroM kI ora agrasara honA par3atA hai| nivatti ke sthAna para pravRtti ko cunanA par3atA hai| puNya aura pApa meM use puNya kA mArga apanAnA hotA hai| yaha mahAnatA usakI AMtarika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa hai isake viparIta jaina-paraMparA utkarSa kI paraMparA hone se jaina sAdhaka vikAra se nirvikAra kI ora, pravRtti se nivRtti kI ora aura Asakti se virakti kI ora yAtrA karatA hai| yaha pavitra yAtrA hai, isI ko jaina paraMparA meM uttAra kahate haiN| isa uttAra meM mAnava nIce se Upara kI ora jAtA hai| vaidika paraMparA meM Izvara Upara se nIce kI ora jAtA hai, to jaina paraMparA meM isakA ThIka ulTA hai| jaina paraMparA manuSya ko vikRti se saMskRti kI ora agrasara hone kI preraNA detI hai| yahI nahIM saMskRti se bhI prakRti kI ora bar3hAtI hai| manuSya janma aura svabhAva se hI rAga-dveSa-grasta prANI hotA hai| isa vikRti se kramazaH mukta hokara vahI vikArahIna anAsakta aura nilipta rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai| yaha saMskRti kA vikAsa hai| pUrNa rUpa se karma-mukta hokara vaha zuddha siddha avasthA grahaNa kara letA hai| yahI to prakRti hai / yaha siddhAvasthA vaha dazA hai jisameM vaha anaMtakAla ke lie anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana anaMta sukha aura anaMta zakti meM lIna ho jAtA hai| jaina dharma isI paramAvasthA kI preraNA sAmAnya jana ko detA hai, use isa hetu mArga aura sAdhana sujhAtA hai aura mArga para gatimAna hone kI zakti bhI detA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka manuSya cAhe kitanA hI viSaya-vAsanA meM lipta ho vaha uccatama sthiti meM pahuMcane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai / tIrthaMkara gaNa jo mahAnatama puruSoM kI gaNanA meM Ate haiM, ve bhI AraMbhika jIvana meM atisAdhAraNa se sAMsArika manuSya rahe / unakA uttAra huaa| tIrthaMkaroM ko Izvara kA ava

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262 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya tAra nahIM mAnA jaataa| unakI mahAnatA, unakI sAdhanA kI upalabdhi unakI ajita saMpadA hai| avatAroM kI bhAMti binA upakrama ke Izvara se vaha unameM utara AyI ho-aisA nahIM hai| yaha mahAnatA manuSya ke AMtarika zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA pariNAma hai, vaha kisI kI anukaMpA kA nahI / ataH tIrthakara kI mahAnatA AtmAdhArita hai / 'manuSya svayaM hI apanA kalyANa kara sakatA hai' yaha saMdeza dene vAlI jaina paraMparA kisI bhI sthiti meM avatAravAda kI samarthaka nahIM ho sktii| vaha manuSya ko apane kalyANa ke lie kisI avatAra para Azrita rahane ke bhrama meM grasta nahIM krtii| jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa ko avatAra mAnane kA koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA / ve zaktizAlI haiM, zIlavAna haiM, sundara haiM, duSkarmiyoM ke saMhAraka aura sajjanoM ke trAtA bhI haiN| trikhaNDezvara aura garimAmaya haiM kiMtu haiM ve manuSya / Izvara ke aMza rUpa meM bhI zrIkRSNa ko jaina paraMparA ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| isa rUpa meM unake kisI divya aura alaukika vyavahAra ko bhI mAnya nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vaidika aura jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa ke svarUpa saMbaMdhI yaha asamAnatA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| vaidika paraMparA meM jahAM ve avatAra haiM vahAM jaina paraMparAnusAra ve zlAdhanIya puruSa, manuSya mAtra haiN| unameM koI alaukikatA yA divyatA nhiiN| unakA utkarSa itanA hI hai, jitanA mAnava-sulabha svAbhAvika aura AtmaprayAsa-janya rUpa meM pratyeka manuSya ke lie saMbhava hai| ve apane samaya ke vAsudeva the-basa itanA hii| jaina zrIkRSNa kathA kA upayoga jaina darzanoM va matoM ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM jaina sAhityakAroM ne apanAyA jo paryApta rUpa se saphala rahA / jaina zrIkRSNa kathA dvArA jaina dharma ke mUla tattvoM aura AdarzoM kA anumodana aura puSTi ho sake isIlie use isa rUpa meM DhAlanA Avazyaka thA / kama-se-kama usakA viparIta rUpa to zrIkRSNa kathA meM grAhya ho hI nahIM sakatA thaa| jaina dharma ke AdarzAnurUpa hI zrIkRSNa ko jaina kathA meM avatAra nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se zrIkRSNa kA jo svarUpa ubharatA hai vaha avatArI puruSa kA na hokara parAkramI aura zaktizAlI rAjA kA rUpa hai / ve dvArakA sahita samasta dakSiNa bhArata ke bhUpati the, eka mAtra adhipati the, rAjAoM meM sarvAgra pUjya the / pRthvI para ve devarAja indra kI bhAMti suzobhita the| ve kaMsa, zizupAla, jarAsaMdha jaise zaktizAlI kiMtu anyAyI aura anAcArI zAsakoM ke saMhAraka aura atyadhika dharmAnurAgI the| Izvara ke avatAra nahIM the| jaina paraMparA meM unakA vAsudevatva hI pratiSThita huA hai|

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra 263 zrIkRSNa carita ke vibhinna rUpa : tulanAtmaka vivecana sAhityakAra prachanna dArzanika aura ciMtaka huA karatA hai / vaha apane AsapAsa ke jagata aura jIvana ko sUkSmatA ke sAtha dekhatA-samajhatA aura prakhyAta karatA hai| yadi ciMtanazIlatA ko sacetanatA kA eka pramukha lakSaNa mAnA jAe to isa dRSTi se sAhityakAra ko sarvAdhika caitanya yukta mAnanA ayukti-yukta nahIM hogA / vaha jina paristhitiyoM meM svayaM jItA aura anya kA jIvana yApana dekhatA hai to unase kucha anubhUtiyAM baToratA calatA hai| inake saMgraha kI pravRtti usake svabhAva kA eka sahaja aMga bana jAtI hai| isake samAnAMtara hI usakI eka dunivArya pravRtti aura ho jAtI hai, jisakA saMbaMdha ina baToro huI anubhUtiyoM kI abhivyakti se hai / usakA mana taba taka eka viziSTa udvignatA kI sthiti meM rahatA hai, jaba taka vaha apane anubhUta tathya ko vyakta kara anya jana ke mAnasa taka nahIM pahuMcA detaa| isa saMvedanazIla abhivyakti ko hI koI agrAhya mAnakara upekSita rakha de to isakI use sAhityakAra ko sarvathA svataMtratA hai| yahI nahIM, apane uddezya kI pUrti ke pakSa meM yadi kathAnaka meM yakiMcit parivartana bhI nitAMta Avazyaka mAne to racanAkAra ke nAte vaha aisA kara sakatA hai aura karatA bhI AyA hai| vaha itihAsakAra nahIM hai aura use itihAsakAra ke rUpa meM dekhane-parakhane evaM usakI racanA meM aitihAsika prAmANikatA kI khoja karane ke prayatna bhI samIcIna nahIM kahe jA sakate / itihAsa ke sthAna para itihAsa hai aura sAhitya ke sthAna para sAhitya-yaha vicAra hI yuktiyukta kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ astu, paurANika evaM aitihAsika kathAnaka para AdhArita racanAeM yuga kI AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa nyUnAdhika rUpa meM itihAsa-bhinna ho sakatI haiN| itihAsAnumodana unake lie anivArya zarta nahIM hotI / yahI kAraNa hai ki paurANika aura aitihAsika kathAnakoM para AdhArita racanAeM bhinna-bhinna yUgoM meM bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM milatI haiN| kyoMki, usa yUga kI apekSAeM aura mAMga anya yuga se bhinna hotI haiN| yahI kyoM, kisI eka hI yuga kI do racanAoM meM bhI kisI eka hI aitihAsika kathAnaka ke bhinna rUpa ho sakate haiM / kAraNa yaha hai ki pratyeka racanAkAra apane pRthak uddezya kI pUrti ke pakSa meM kisI eka hI kathAnaka kA prayoga karatA hai| aisI sthiti meM eka racanAkAra eka prakAra kA parivartana kara detA hai to dUsarA racanAkAra anya prakAra kaa| donoM maulika kathAnaka se bhI bhinna ho jAte haiM aura paraspara bhinna bhii|

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264 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya zrIkRSNa carita bhAratIya vAGmaya kA eka ati mahatvapUrNa pakSa rahA hai| pratyeka yuga, pratyeka bhASA aura pratyeka sAMskRtika dhArA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya ko apanatva milA hai| loka-jIvana, loka-saMskRti evaM loka-sAhitya bhI zrIkRSNamaya rahA hai| jaina sAhitya bhI isakA apavAda kaise ho sakatA hai ? zrIkRSNa jIvana ko jaina sAhityakAroM ne bhI apanAyA aura jaina sAhitya bha NDAra kI zrIvRddhi bhI huii| nizcaya hI sAhitya itihAsa nahIM ho sakatA, donoM ke kArya kSetra hI bhinna-bhinna haiN| sAhitya apane kArya kSetra-"vartamAna" meM hI rame rahane ke lie hai| vaha sadA sajIva, sAmayika aura Aja ke jIvana ko unnata karane vAlA hogaa| use bIte kAla kI ora dRSTipAta karane kA avakAza hI nahIM miltaa| Aja ko saMvArane ke lie apane lakSya meM use kala kA bhI koI raMga upayukta lagatA hai to vaha use prayukta kara letA hai| mAtra kathAnaka hI aitihAsika hotA hai, kathya nhiiN| vaha jo kucha kahatA hai-vaha Aja kI bAta hai, jise kala kI bAta ke byAja se kaha diyA hai| ___ isa dRSTi se aitihAsika ghaTanA kA yathAvat varNana karane ko sAhityakAra pratibaddha nahIM hotaa| akSarazaH avikala rUpa meM aitihAsika vattAMta kA prastutIkaraNa sAhityakAra ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hotA / vaha jisa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie aitihAsika kathAnaka kA Azraya le rahA hai usa nimitta jitanA bhAga Avazyaka hai, utanA vaha apanA letA hai aura kathAnaka ke zeSa bhAga ko chor3a detA hai| jaina sAhityakAroM ne bhI yahI kiyaa| isa koTi kI sAhityika racanAoM ko chor3akara isa varga ke racanAkAroM ne apane-apane yuga kI dhArmika (jaina) apekSAoM, jaina vicAradhArAoM evaM AsthAoM ke anurUpa hI zrIkRSNa carita ko apnaayaa| ataH isa kathAdhArA dvArA vaidika paraMparA meM pracalita kRSNa kathA ke rUpa se bhinna AkAra grahaNa kiyA jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai| isI prakAra jaina sAhityakAroM ne apane alaga-alaga dRSTikoNoM ke sAtha aura alaga-alaga uddezyoM ke sAtha zrIkRSNa carita ko apanAyA hai| ataH jaina sAhitya meM hI zrIkRSNa kathA ke parivartita rUpa mila jAte haiM / maulika rUpa meM to pramukha tathya vaidika aura jaina paraMparA meM samAna hI rUpa se vaNita milate haiM, kiMtu dRSTikoNa kI bhinnatA se zrIkRSNa ke vyaktitva ko donoM paraMparAoM meM tanika bhinna hI rUpa-raMga mila gayA hai| isI prakAra jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa carita prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM eka hI sAmAnya dharAtala para avasthita hote hue bhI una meM

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra 265 pArthakya kie jAne yogya aMtara bhI hai| inakA ullekha maiMne yathAsthAna kara diyA hai| __ mere niSkarSa (1) merA yaha anuzIlana isa mahatvapUrNa tathya ko sthApita karatA hai ki jaina sAhitya paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa kA vivecana eka apane DhaMga kA aura anupameya hai, pUrNa rUpa se svataMtra hai, saMpUrNataH mAnavIya dharAtala para pratiSThita hai tathA isakA sAhityika rUpa bhI zlAghanIya hai| dUsarA tathya yaha prastuta hotA hai ki isa jaina paraMparA ke zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa kA vyaktitva avatArI puruSa na hokara haveM vAsudeva haiM aura samasta jaina paraMparA ke bhinna-bhinna zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM pArthakya hote hue bhI eka sAmAnya dharA tala meM yaha upasthita hai| (3) apane viSaya kI zodhAnukalatA ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue apane viSaya praveza meM maiMne ina kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA hai, jinase maiM isa anuzIlana kArya meM pravRtta huaa| isameM eka tathya zrIkRSNa kI lokapriyatA kA hai| unakA mahatva jaina sAhitya meM avatAravAdI na hokara ve vasudeva kA hai| zrIkRSNa ke sAtha neminAtha kA pArivArika rUpa se cacere bhAI kA saMbaMdha hai aura jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa kI hI taraha neminAtha tIrthaMkara hone se bhI mahatvapUrNa haiN| maiMne apane anuzIlana kA vibhAjana bhI viSaya kI dRSTi se prastuta kara apane zodha kI dizAeM aura sImAeM nirdhArita kara dI haiN| (6) dvitIya adhyAya meM prAkRta bhASA meM upalabdha jaina-Agama zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA adhyayana prastuta karate hue mere sAmane kucha niSkarSa bhI Ae jo aMta meM maiMne de diye haiN| eka taraha se isameM mere adhyayana ke sAta sUtra hAtha lage haiN| ve sAta prAkRta graMthoM ke adhyayana se upalabdha hue| ye sapta sopAna mahatvapUrNa isalie haiM ki inake binA isa adhyayana kA upakrama karanA saMbhava nahIM thaa| (7) tRtIya adhyAya meM prAkRta bhASA ke Agametara jaina zrIkRSNa

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266 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya sAhitya ko lekara maiMne thor3e vistRta rUpa meM usakA AloDana kiyA hai| isameM jaina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kRSNa-jIvana ke mahatvapUrNa prasaMgoM kI jAnakArI ko tathya rUpa meM maiMne grahaNa kiyA hai| isase jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya ko samajhane aura samajhAne meM sahAyatA upalabdha ho gayI hai jo samIcIna hI hai| (8) caturtha adhyAya mere zodhAdhyayana kI rIr3ha kI haDDI kahI jA sakatI hai| isameM vistata rUpa se saMskRta bhASA meM upalabdha jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya ke carita mahAkAvya, purANa mahAkAvya, nemiviSayaka kAvya aura purANoM kA adhyayana prastuta kiyA gyaa| isa adhyayana se pradyumna kA caritra ubharakara sAmane aayaa| (6) arjuna aura zrIkRSNa kI maitrI ke AyAma upalabdha ho gye| (10) pAMDava aura zrIkRSNa ke saMbaMdhoM para jaina dRSTi se prakAza DAlane kA nayA sAdhana prApta ho gyaa| jo apane Apa meM mahatvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| (11) neminAtha aura zrIkRSNa ke saMbaMdha jaina tAttvika dRSTi se sulajhe hue rUpa meM upasthita ho gye| (12) rAjImati ke caritra kI jAnakArI jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya ke karuNa vItarAgI rasa kI jAnakArI pradAna karatI hai| kAvyAdhyayana karane se jaina tattvajJAna ko pAraMparikatA mere hRdaya paTala para aMkita hotI gayI hai| yaha bhI eka upalabdhi mAnI jA sakatI hai| (13) jaina sAhityakAroM kI ye saMskRta kRtiyAM anya jainetara saMskRta sAhityakAroM ke sAtha eka svastha aura saMtulita spardhA hai jo zreSTha mAnI jA sakatI hai| aisI merI vinamra praNati hai / (14) paMcama adhyAya meM apabhraMza meM upalabdha jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya kA anuzIlana maiMne kiyaa| isase zrIkRSNa ke samagra rUpa se jaina dharAtala para adhyayana karane kI eka bhUmi prApta ho gyii| (15) SaSTha adhyAya meM maiMne apane aba taka ke anuzIlana ke AdhAra para sasaMdarbha samagra jaina zrIkRSNa kathA kA AloDana prastuta kara

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tulanAtmaka niSkarSa, tathya evaM upasaMhAra 267 diyA hai / yaha anuzIlana kA anyatama niSkarSa aura tathya hai. jo apane Apa meM eka nUtana prayatna hai / (16) saptama aura aSTama adhyAyoM meM rAjasthAnI se anuprANita vRja aura AdikAlIna hiMdI bhASA ke jaina zrIkRSNa rAsa, purANa tathA sphuTa aura muktaka geya kAvyoM kA maiMne anuzIlana prastuta kiyA hai| inakA jaina paraMparA ke zrIkRSNa sAhitya ke adhyayana meM aitihAsika mahatva hai| yaha do dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai / prathama jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se aura dUsarA hindI sAhitya ke adhyayana meM isakI dena kI dRSTi se / ye donoM tathya-paraka upalabdhiyAM kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM varan atyaMta mahatva kI haiM / smaraNa rahe ki inameM zrIkRSNa caritra kA AdhAra vahI merA zrIkRSNa- adhyayana hI hai, jise maiMne SaSTha adhyAya meM upasthita kara diyA thA / ( 17 ) gajasukumAla kA caritra neminAtha aura zrIkRSNa ke sambandhoM ko spaSTa karatA hai / isake sAtha pradyumna aura gajasukumAla ke dvArA jaina tattvoM kA grahaNa karanA jaina darzana ke lakSya ko upasthita kara detA hai / (18) gajasukumAla kA caritra eka ujjvala caritra hai / yaha jaina vItarAga rasa kA eka zreSTha Adarza upasthita kara detA hai jo eka anyatama upalabdhi hai / ( 19 ) jaina muktaka kAvya geyatA ke sAtha karuNa vipralaMbha kA eka aisA bejoDa udAharaNa prastuta karate haiM jisakI pariNati jaina vItarAga rasa kI puSTi karatI hai / isase rAjImati kA caritra ujjvala rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai / sAMsArika asAratA se Upara uThakara vaha sAdhaka ko eka ucca AdhyAtmika dharAtala prastuta kara detI hai jo asAmAnya aura asAdhAraNa hai / ( 20 ) lokasAhitya aura loka-saMskRti ko sparza karane vAlI ye kRtiyAM eka sAMskRtika akSuNNa lokapriyatA kA kSetra upasthita kara detI haiM / (21) mere isa adhyayana se eka nahIM to aneka pradeza adhyayana aura anuzIlana ke kSetra meM naye AyAma upalabdha kara dete haiM / inameM se kucha kA nirdeza kara maiM apanA upasaMhAra karUMgA / yathA

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268 jaina-paramparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya (1) zrIkRSNa ke isa jaina sAhitya kA anya paraMparA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana / (2) jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya meM upalabdha dArzanikatA aura anya jainetara zrIkRSNa sAhitya kI dArzanikatA kA tulanAtmaka adhyyn| isa prakAra aura bhI nirdeza diye jA sakate haiM, para maiM itanA ho kaha kara apanA yaha anuzIlana samApta karatA huuN| merI yaha vinamra dhAraNA hai ki adhyetAoM kA dhyAna yaha anuzIlana AkRSTa kara skegaa|

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pariziSTa- 1 vaMza - paricaya tAlikAe~ harivaMza dasaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn zItalanAtha ke nirvANa ke pazcAt aura gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha ke pUrva harivaMza kI sthApanA huI / usa samaya vatsadeza meM kauzaMbI nAmaka nagarI thI, vahA~ kA rAjA sumukha thA / usane eka dina vIraka nAmaka vyakti kI patnI vanamAlA dekhI / vanamAlA kA rUpa atyanta sundara thA, vaha usa para mugdha ho gyaa| usane vanamAlA ko rAjamahaloM meM bulA liyA / patnI ke viraha meM vIraka arda vikSipta ho gayA / vanamAlA rAjamahaloM meM Ananda krIr3A karane lagI / eka dina rAjA sumukha priyA vanamAlA ke sAtha vana vihAra ko gayA / vahA~ para vIraka kI dayanIya avasthA dekhakara apane kukRtya ke lie pazcAttApa karane lagA / maiMne kitanA bhayaMkara duSkRtya kiyA hai / mere hI kAraNa vIraka kI yaha avasthA huI hai / vanamAlA ko bhI apane kRtya para pazcAttApa huA / unhoMne usa samaya sarala aura bhadra pariNAmoM ke kAraNa mAnava ke Ayu kA baMdhana kiyA / sahasA AkAza se vidyut girane se donoM kA prANAnta ho gayA aura ve harivarSa nAmaka bhogabhUmi meM yugalika ke rUpa meM utpanna hue / kucha samaya ke pazcAt vIraka bhI marakara bAlatapa ke kAraNa saudharma kalpa meM kilbiSI deva banA / vibhaMga jJAna se usane dekhA ki merA zatru 'hari' apanI priyA 'hariNI' ke sAtha anapavartya Ayu se utpanna hokara Ananda kIr3A kara rahA hai| vaha kruddha hokara vicAra karane lagA ki kyoM na maiM ina duSToM ko niSThuratApUrvaka kucala kara cUrNa kara dUM ? merA apakAra karake bhI ye bhogabhUmi meM utpanna hue haiM / kintu, maiM isa prakAra inheM mAra nahIM sakatA; kyoMki yugalika nizcita rUpa se marakara deva hI banate haiM / bhaviSya meM ye yahA~ se marakara deva na baneM aura ye apAra duHkha bhogeM aisA mujhe prayatna karanA cAhie / usane apane viziSTa jJAna se dekhA bharata kSetra meM caMpAnagarI kA nareza abhIabhI kAla dharma ko prApta huA hai, ataH inheM vahA~ pahuMcA dUM; kyoMki eka dina bhI 1. caupanna mahApurisa cariyaM pR0 18

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270 jaina paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya Asakti pUrvaka kiyA gayA rAjya durgati kA kAraNa hai, phira lambe samaya kI to bAta hI kyA hai ? deva ne apanI devazakti se hari-yugala kI karor3a pUrva kI Ayu kA eka lAkha varSa meM apavartana kiyA tathA avagAhanA (zarIra kI U~cAI) ko bhI ghaTAkara 100 dhanuSa kI kara dii| deva unako uThA kara le gayA aura nAgarikoM ko sambodhita karake kahAApa rAjA ke lie cintita kyoM haiM ? maiM tumhAre lie parama karuNAkAra rAjA lAyA haiN| nAgarikoM ne 'hari' kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA / sapta vyasana ke sevana karane ke kAraNa ve naraka gati meM utpanna hue| yugalika naraka kI gati meM nahIM jAte, para ve gye| isalie yaha ghaTanA jaina sAhitya meM Azcarya ke rUpa meM uTaiMkita kI gaI hai| rAjA hari kI jo santAna huI vaha harivaMza ke nAma se vizruta huii| hari ke 6 putra the 1 pRthvIpati 2. mahAgiri 3. himagiri 4. vasugiri 5. naragiri 6. indragiri aneka rAjAoM ke pazcAt 20veM tIrthaMkara muni suvrata bhI isI vaMza meM hue| harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra yaduvaMza kA udbhava harivaMza meM huA hai| bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa harivaMza meM utpanna hue the| zrIkRSNa vaMza paricaya zrIkRSNa ke jaina va vaidika paramparA ke anusAra vaMza paricaya isa prakAra hai (1) zvetAmbara jaina pamparA saurI vIra aMdhakavRSNi bhogavRSNi 1. jaina dharma kA mauliko itihAsa

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271 pariziSTa-1 1. samudra vijaya ke putra - ariSTanemi, rathanemi, satyanemi, dRDhanemi 2. akSobha 3. stimita 4. sAgara 5. himavAn 6. acala 7. dharaNa 6. abhicanda 10. vasudeva ke putra - zrIkRSNa, balarAma (2) digaMbara uttarapurAga ke anusAra yaduvaMza paricaya zUrasena zUravIra aMdhakavRSTi (vRSNi) naravRSTi (vRSNi) ugrasena devasena mahAsena 1. samudra vijaya 2. akSobha 3. stimita 4. sAgara 5. himavAna 6. acala 7. dhAraNa 8. abhinandana 6. vasudeva 1. kuntI do putriyA~ 2. mAdrI dA putriyA~ 2. uttrpuraann-70|63-100

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272 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRNa sAhitya (3) digambara harivaMza ke anusAra yAdavavaMza paricaya yadu narapati zUra (zauryaputra) vIra bhojakavRSNi zAMtanu aMdhakavRSNi adhakavRSNi kA parivAra pautra 1. samadravijaya -mahAsena, satyanemi, dRr3hanemi, bha. ariSTanemi, sunemi, jayasena, mahIjaya, suphalgu, tejasena, maya, megha, zivacanda, gautama Adi / 2. akSobhya --udbhava, ambhodhi, jaladhi, vAmadeva, dRDhavrata, 3. stimita -UrmimAna, vasumAna vIra, pAtAla, sthira, 4. himavAna -vidyutprabha, mAlyavAna, gaMdhamAdana, 5. vijaya -niSkampa, akaMpa, bali, yuganta, kezarin, alambuSa 6. acala -~-malaya, sahana, giri, zaila, naga, acala, 7. dhAraNa -vAsuki, dhanaMjaya, karkoTaka, zatamukha, vizvarUpa 8. pUraNa -duSpUra, durmukha, durdaza, durdhara, 6. abhicandra -candra, zazAMka, candrAbha, zazina, soma, amRtaprabha 10. vasudeva -[inakI santAna agale cArTa 4 meM dekheN|] 1. kuntI, 2. mAdrI-ina donoM kA pANigrahaNa pANDurAjA se huaa| (4) bhojakavRSNi kA parivAra 1. ugrasena kaMsa, devakI, ghara, guNadhara, yuMktika, dudhaMra, sAgara, candra 2. mahAsena 3. devasena 1. harivaMzapurANa-jinasena-a. 18; jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 1 se uddhata

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pariziSTa - 1 mahAsena zivi svastha viSada anantamitra viSamitra zAMtanu kA parivAra suSeNa satthaka, vajradharmA, asaMga hRdika / kRtidharmA dRDhadharmA (5) harivaMzapurANa meM vasudeva kI 23 rAniyAM va unakI saMtAneM rAniyAM santAna 1. vijaya senA -- akrUra, krUra 2. zyAmA - jvalana, agniveSa, 3. gandharvasenA - vAyuvega, amitagati, mahendragiri 4. prabhAvatI - dArU, vRddhArtha, dAruka, 5. nIlayazA - siMha, mataMgaja, 6. somazrI - nArada, marudeva, 7. mitrazrI - sumitra 8. kapilA - kapila 6. padmAvatI - padma, padaka 10. azvasenA - azvasena 11. ponDrA - pauNDra 12. ratnavatI - ratnagarbha, sugarbha 13. somadatta putrI - candrakAnta, zaziprabha, 14. vegavatI - vegavAna, vAyuvega 15. madanavegA -- dRDhamuSTi, anAvRSTi, himamuSTi, 16. baMdhumati -- bandhusena, siMhasena 17. priyaMgasundarI - zilAyudha 18. prabhAvatI - gAndhAra, piMgala 16. jarA - jaratkumAra, vAhnika avaMtI - sumukha, durmukha, mahAratha 20. 273

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274 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya 21. rohiNI-baladeva, sAraNa, viduratha, 22. bAlacandrA-vajradaMSTra, amitaprabha 23. devakI-nRpadatta, devapAla, anIkadatta, anIkapAla, zatrughna, jitazatru, zrIkRSNa vasudeva ke putra putroM kI santAne jaratkumAra - vasudhvaja, suvasu, bhImavarmA, kApiSTha, ajAtazatru, zatrusena, jitAri, jitazatru aadi| baladeva -unmuNDa, niSadha, prakRtidyuti, cArudatta, dhra va, pITha, zakRndamana, zrIdhvaja, nandana, dhImAna, dazaratha, devananda, bidrabha, zAntatu, pRthu, zatadhanu, naradeva, mahAdhanu, romazailya, zrIkRSNa -bhAnu, subhAnu, bhIma, mahAbhAnu, subhAnuka, bRhadratha, agnizikha, viSNusaMjaya, akampana, mahAsena, dhIra, gaMbhIra, udadhi, gautama, vasudharmI, prasena jita, sUrya, candravarmA, cAru kRSNa, sucAru , devadatta, bharata, zaMkha, pradyumna, zAmba, ityAdi / 1 (6) vaidika paramparA viSNupurANa ke anusAra unasena ko santAneMkaMsa, nyagrodha, sunAma, AnakAha, zaMku, sabhUmi, rASTrapAla, yuddhatuSTi, saMtuSTimAna cAraputriyA~-kaMsA, kaMsAvatI, sutanu, aura rASTramAlikA sutanu kA hI dUsarA nAma rAjImatI hai / (7) viSNupurANa ke anusAra yaduvaMza kroSTu yudhAjita devamIduSa vRSNi aMdhaka zUra / svaphalaka citraka vasudeva (10 bhAI) zrIkRSNa (8 bhAI) akrUra ariSTanemi 1. jainendrasiddhAMtakoSa, bhA0 1 pR0 358 se uddhata 2. harivaMza parva-2, adhyAya 37, zloka 12 aura 44 tathA harivaMza parva 2, adhyAya 38,zloka 1 se 52 taka

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pariziSTa - 1 9. yadu 2. mAdhava 3. savvata 4. bhIma vaidika harivaMza' ke anusAra yAdavavaMza paricaya 5. andhaka 6. ravata 7. vizvagarbha 8. vasu 6. vasudeva 10. zrIkRSNa 9. yadu 2. kroSTA 3. vRjinivAna 4. uSaMgu 5. citraratha mahAbhArata ke anusAra yAdavavaMza paricaya 6. zUra (laghuprabha) 7. vasudeva 8. zrIkRSNa mahAbhArata droNaparva ke anusAra yAdavavaMza paramparA 1. yadu 2. do yA usase adhika rAjAoM kA nAmollekha nahIM huA hai / 3. devamoha 4. zUra 5. vasudeva 6. zrIkRSNa 1. harivaMza parva 2 adhyAya 37, zloka 12 aura 44 tathA harivaMza parva 2, adhyAya 38, zloka 1 se 52 taka 2. mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva a0 147, zloka 27-32 3. mahAbhArata droNa parva a0 144 zloka 6-7 275

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276 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya vaidika paraMparA ke purANoM meM inakI vaMzAvalI bhinna-bhinna prakAra se dI gayI hai| pUrNa vistRta varNana ke lie dekheM-pArajITara enzieNTa iNDiyana hisTorikala TreDIzana, pR0 104-107 / jarAsandha ke putra 1. kAlayavan 2. sahadeva 3. drumasena 4. druma 5. jalaketu 6. citraketu 7. dhanurdhara 8. mahIjaya 9. bhAnu 10. kAMcanaratha 11. durdhara 12. gaMdhamAdana 13. siMhAMka 14. citramAlI 15. mahIpAlI 16. bRhaddavaja 17. suvIra 18. AdityanAga 16. satyasatva 20. pradarzana 21. dhanapAla 22. zatAnIka 23. mahAzukra 24. mahAvasu 25. vIra 26. gaMgadatta 27. pravara 28. pArthiva 26. citrAMgada 30. vasugiri 31. zrImAn 32. siMhakaTi 33. sphuTa 34. meghanAda 35. mahAnAda 36. siMhanAda 37. vasudhvaja 35. vajranAbha 26. mahAbAhu 40. jitazatru 41. purandara 42. ajita 43. ajitazatru 44. devAnanda 45. zadruta 46. mandara 47. himabAna 48. vidyutketu 46. mAlI 50. karkoTaka 51. haSIkeza 52. devadatta 53. dhanaMjaya 54. sagara 55. svarNabAhu 56. madyavAna 57. acyuta 58. durjaya 56. durmukha 60. vAsuki 61. kambala 62. triziras 63. dhAraNa 1. triSaSTi ke anusAra jo agni meM jalakara mraa| 2. jise kRSNa ne magadha kA caturtha hisse kA rAjya diyA thaa|

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pariziSTa - 1 64. mAlyavAna 67. mahAsena 70. vAsatra 73. bhAskara 76. vAyuvega 76. AdityadharmA 82. ketumAlI 85. bRhadbala 65. sambhava 68. mahAnAga 71. varuNa 74. garutmAna 77. zaziprabha 80. viSNusvAmI 83. mahAmAlI 86. sahasrarazmi samagra sUcI jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para dI gayI hai / 66. mahApadma 66. mahAjaya 72. zatAnIka 75. veNudarI 78. varuNa 81. sahasradik 84. candradeva 87. arciSmAna 277

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pariziSTa-2 rAdhA aura rAjImatI rAdhA aitihAsika pAtra hai athavA nahIM ? loka sAhitya evaM laukika sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa kA rAdhA ke sAtha itanA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha pratipAdita milatA hai ki rAdhA ke abhAva meM zrIkRSNa kA nAma bhI apUrNa pratIta hotA hai| (rAdhAkRSNa) kiMtu yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hotA hai ki kyA vAstava meM isa nAma kI strI zrIkRSNa ke jIvana meM AyI aura rahI bhI thI? kyA rAdhA aitihAsika pAtra hai ? itanA spaSTa hai ki jaina Agama aura Agametara graMthoM meM kahIM bhI rAdhA nAma kI kisI strI kI koI carcA nahIM miltii| jaina aura vaidika graMthoM meM zrIkRSNa kI pramukha rAniyoM ke nAma ginAe gaye haiM unameM rAdhA jaisA koI nAma nahIM haiM, kintu gaveSaNA ke mArga para kevala isa tathya ke kAraNa hI gatihIna ho jAnA aucityapUrNa aura samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotaa| hiMdI sAhitya ke Asanna-bhUtakAlIna atimahatvapUrNa braja-sAhitya zrIkRSNa ke sAtha-sAtha aisA rAdhAmaya ho gayA hai ki usa AdhAra para bhI rAdhA ke astitva ko haThAt hI sugamatA se nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| brajabhASA ke sAhitya se hamArI saMskRti bhI dUra taka prabhAvita huI aura yahI saMskRti Age se Age prabala aura gahana hotI gayI hai / bhAratIya saMskRti meM rAdhA aura zrIkRSNa kA ananya saMbaMdha hai / ye donoM nAma paraspara aise anyonyAzrita ho gaye haiM ki eka ke abhAva meM anya ke nAma kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| kAvya, citra, mUrtikalA Adi sabhI kSetroM meM zrIkRSNa ke sAtha abhinna rUpa meM rAdhA kI upasthiti milatI hai / inameM pramukhatA nizcita rUpa se zrIkRSNa ko hI prApta huI hai| tathApi katipaya granthoM meM rAdhA kI mahimA aura garimA apekSA kRta adhika bhI AMkI gayI hai| rAdhA ke mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna evaM anya svajana-parijanoM ke nAmollekha bhI haiN| aisI sthiti meM avicArita rUpa meM hI rAdhA ko anaitihAsika yA kalpanAprasUta pAtra mAna lenA yuktiyukta nahIM ho sktaa| kama se kama itanA to hai hI ki yaha vyApaka vicAra kI apekSA rakhane vAlA mahatvapUrNa prazna hai| zrIkRSNa kI lIlAoM kA AdhAra bhI rAdhA hI rahI hai| aura, yaha mahatvapUrNa biMdu hai ki kRSNa sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga isI lIlA gAna

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pariziSTa - 2 276 se dhanya ho uThA hai evaM mAdhurI bhakti ke lie rAdhAkRSNa kI premalIlA hI pramukha AdhAra zilA rUpa meM dikhAI detI hai / isake viparIta aneka prAcIna kRSNa caritra graMthoM meM rAdhA kA ullekha bhI nahIM milatA / mahAbhArata, harivaMza purANa, viSNu purANAdi graMtha isa rUpa meM ullekhanIya haiM / rAdhAbhakta vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai ki 'rAdhA' eka ati prAcIna nAma hai| unakA kathana hai ki vedoM se lekara Aja ke arvAcIna sAhitya taka ke sudIrgha kAlIna sAhitya meM rAdhA varNita hai / saMbhavataH yaha varNana kahIM vipula ho gayA ho aura kahIM virala raha gayA ho, kiMtu rahA avazya hai / aise vidvAnoM ne apane anusandhAna ke AdhAra para svavicAra ke samarthana meM aneka saMdarbha evaM pramANa prastuta kie haiN| Rgveda meM rAdhA kA nAma milatA hai ( 1|30|40 evaM 3 | 41|10 ) / isI prakAra sAmaveda (16 / 57 / 37 ) aura atharvaveda ( 2045 / 2 ) meM bhI "rAdhA" zabda kA prayoga huA hai / bRhad brahmasaMhitA meM rAdhA aura kRSNa meM koI antara nahIM mAnA gayA hai / yaH kRSNaH sApi rAdhA yA rAdhA kRSNa eva saH / jo kRSNa hai so hI rAdhA hai, jo rAdhA hai soI kRSNa hai / sanatkumAra saMhitA meM bhI isI prakAra rAdhA aura kRSNa meM abhinnatva sthApita kiyA gayA hai / rAdhAkRSNeti saMjJADhyaM rAdhikA rUpamaMgalam / kRSNopaniSad evaM kaThavallI upaniSad meM bhI rAdhA ke rUpa sauMdarya kA varNana milatA hai / rAdhikA mahimA kA pratipAdana bhI rAdhikopaniSad meM milatA hai / padmapurANa meM bhI rAdhA kA nAma AtA hai aura usakI mahattA ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / 2 zivapurANa meM brahmAjI kI ghoSaNA hai ki rAdhA sAkSAt goloka meM nivAsa karane vAlI gupta sneha meM nibaddha huyo kRSNa kI patnI hogI / nAradapurANa meM 'rAdhikA nAtha' saMbodhana ke sAtha nArada jI ne zrIkRSNa kI stuti kI hai / brahmavaivartapurANa meM pramukhataH rAdhA-kRSNa kI lIlAyeM hI varNita kI gayI haiM / matsyapurANa, brahmANDa purANa, bhaviSyapurANa Adi purANa granthoM meM bhI rAdhA kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / devI bhAgavata meM rAdhA ko zrIkRSNa ke vAmAMga se utpanna huI batAyA gayA hai / 1. vAmAGgasahitA devI rAdhAvRndAvanezvarI / sundarI nAgarI gaurI kRSNahRdbhRMgamaMjarI // 2. devI kRSNamayI proktA rAdhikA paramadevatA / sarvalakSmI svarUpA sA kRSNAhlAdasvarUpiNI // 53 // 3. kalAvatI sutA rAdhA, sAkSAt golokavAminI / guptasnehanibaddhA sA kRSNapatnI bhaviSyati // 40 // zivapurANa

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280 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya bhAgavata meM rAdhA nahIM hai ina sAre ullekhoM evaM varNanoM ke bAvajUda eka gaMbhIra prazna yaha uTha khar3A hotA hai ki phira zrImadbhAgavata meM rAdhA kA ullekha kyoM nahIM huA ? isa grantharatna meM zrIkRSNa kA prAmANika evaM savistAra varNana huA hai| aise grantha meM rAdhAkRSNa citraNa na honA, rAdhA ke astitva para hI prazna cinha aMkita nahIM kara detA, balki usakI saMdigdhatA ko rekhAMkita bhI kara detA hai / zrImadbhAgavata meM rAdhA kI anupasthiti se yaha anumAna svastha va sudRr3ha bana jAtA hai ki rAdhA kI prAcInatA mAnya nahIM ho sktii| isakA artha yaha bhI spaSTataH AbhAsita hotA hai ki saMbhavataH rAdhA eka kAlpanika pAtra hai aura isakI kalpanA IsA. pUrva kI kadApi nahIM hai / eka prayojana vizeSa hai ki kevala haThAt isakI kalpanA pratIka rUpa meM kara lI gayI hai| isa bAta kA vajana jyoM-jyoM samasyA para vicAra kiyA jAe tyoM-tyoM baDhatA calA jAtA hai / kyA rAdhA AbhIra bAlA hai ? rAdhA kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna kucha aisA mahatvapUrNa rahA hai ki isa para pratyeka yuga meM aneka vidvAnoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se citana, manana aura adhyayana kiyA hai| sara rAmakRSNa gopAla bhaNDArakara kA mata bhI vicAraNIya hai / DA. bhaNDArakara bhI rAdhA kI prAvInatA ko asvIkAra karate hue AtI mAnyatA ko isa Azraya ke sAtha vyakta karate haiM ki gopAla, gora aura gopiyoM kI bhAMti rAdhA kA saMbaMdha bhI usa videzI AbhIra jAti se thA jo Avajita hokara bhArata meM AyI aura yahIM basa gayI / AryoM ke sAtha unakA saMparka dhIre-dhIre bar3hane lagA aura sAMskRtika AdAna-pradAna hone lgaa| tabhI unakI rAdhA viSayaka kayA kuga kayA meM sammilita ho gyii| ukta mAnyatA ke vivecana meM jo mahatvapUrNa prazna uThatA hai vaha yaha nahIM hai ki kyA rAdhA AbhIra bAlA thI? yaha to sarva svIkArya ho bhI sakatA hai, kiMtu prazna to yaha hai ki kyA AbhIra jAti videzI thI? isa bAta ke pramANa milate haiM ki AbhIra jAti videzI nahIM thI, aura na hI itihAsa ke kisI kAla meM vaha bhArata meM Avajita huyI / purANakAla se bhI pUrva unakI bhAratIya janatA meM sammilita dhAraNA ke pramANa aneka ullekhoM se milate haiN| DA. munzIrAma zarmA kA kathana hai ki- ''isa deza ke kisI bhI sAhityika grantha meM AbhIroM ko bAhara se AyA huA nahIM kahA gayA hai|"1 viSNupurANa meM AbhIra vaMza kA ullekha hai, vAyupurANa meM isa jAti kI vistRta vaMzAvalI bhI dI gayI hai, AbhIra svayaM apane Apako yaduvaMzI Ahuka kI saMtati mAnate haiN| 1. bhAratIya sAdhanA aura sUra sAhitya, le0 DA0 munzIrAma zarmA, pR0 164

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pariziSTa-2 281 mahAbhArata meM yaduvaMza ke sAtha AbhIra vaMza kA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha batAyA gayA hai aura ullekha hai ki zrIkRSNa kI eka lAkha nArAyaNI senA mukhyataH AbhIra kSatriyoM se nirmina huI thI aura mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM duryodhana kI ora se lar3I thii| rAdhA kA srota DA0 zazibhUSaNadAsa gupta ne apane baMgalA bhASA meM racita zodha grantha "rAdhAra krama vikAsa' meM rAdhA viSayaka anusaMdhAna meM upalabdha aneka mahatvapUrNa maMtavya prastuta kie haiN| sAmAnyataH unake niSkarSa se kisa sImA taka sahamati sthira ho sakatI hai ? yaha anya prazna hai, kiMtu unase vicAra kA AdhAra avazya banatA hai| DA0 dAsa gupta kA eka mata to yaha hai ki rAdhAvAda kA bIja bhAratIya zaktivAda meM hai| jo pahale zakti rUpa meM thI, vahI kAlAntara meM parama premamayI rAdhA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyii| kyA vicAra dRSTi se aura kyA bhASA kI dRSTi se kisI bhI dRSTi se zaiva-zAkta taMtrokta zaktivAda aura vaiSNava zAstrokta zaktivAda meM koI vizeSa pArthakya karanA saMbhava nahIM pratIta hotA / sama jAtIya vicAra aura bhAva hI mAnoM bhinna-bhinna vAtAvaraNa meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se prakaTa hue haiN| DA0 dAsa gupta kA mata rAdhApUjaka saMpradAyoM evaM unakI mAnyatAoM ke samajhAne meM kitanA sahAyaka ho sakatA hai, yaha eka vivAdagrasta prazna hai, kiMtu unakI yaha dhAraNA sarvathA upayukta hai ki sAhitya kA avalaMbana karake hI rAdhA kA AvirbhAva aura krama prasAra huA hai| ukta AdhAra ko samIcIna mAnakara calA jAye to rAdhA kA sarva prathama ullekha "gAhAsattasaI" meM milatA hai jisakA saMkalana (anta:sAkSya ke anusAra) vikramI saMvat ke AraMbha meM huA pratIta hotA hai| isake anusAra rAdhA kI kalpanA isake pUrva to thI hI nahIM / kucha vidvAnoM kA kathana yaha bhI hai ki isa graMtha meM maulika rUpa se rAdhA ke ullekha nahIM haiN| chaThI zatAbdI meM ye aMza isa graMtha meM jor3a die gae the| astu, yaha prAyaH nizcita hai ki 5 vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt hI rAdhA apane vartamAna svarUpa ko prApta kara sakI hai| yahI vaha kAla thA jisameM rAdhA kA svarUpa na kevala sAhityika racanAoM meM apitu kalA ke anyAnya kSetroM kI kRtiyoM meM bhI sthAna prApta karane lgaa| rAdhAkRSNa kI eka yugala mUrti baMgAla ke pahADapura meM upalabdha huI hai, jo isa prakAra kI prAcInatama pratimA mAnI jAtI hai aura isakA nirmANa-kAla sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai| 1. rAdhAra krama vikAsa : DA0 zazibhUSaNa dAsa gupta / 2.

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282 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya pUrNa bhArata meM rAdhA kI lokapriyatA aisA nahIM kahA A sakatA hai ki bhArata ke kisI vizeSa bhASA meM hI rAdhA ke prati mAnyatA aura bhakti bhAvanA udita evaM vikasita huI ho| isa Aloka se to lagabhaga sArA deza hI eka sAtha jagamagA uThA thA / dakSiNa meM alavAra jAti ke logoM dvArA mAdhurya bhakti bhAvanA kA prAdurbhAva mAnA jAtA hai| ye bhakta gaNa 5 vIM se 8vIM zatI ke madhya hue the| AbhIra kA tamila meM zAbdika artha hotA hai-gopa / aura, isa kSetra meM rAdhA ko AbhIroM kI devI mAnA jAtA hai / isa devI kA tamila nAma "nAppinnAI" milatA hai| rAdhA saMbaMdhI vibhinna anusaMdhAnoM se niSkarSataH yaha anumAna hotA hai ki mathurA ke nikaTavartI jisa gopa-bastI meM zrIkRSNa kA bAlyakAla vyatIta huA, usake samIpa nivAsa karane vAlI kisI ahIra bAlikA se unakA paricaya ho gyaa| paricaya ghaniSThatA aura sneha prIti meM pariNata ho gayA tathA usa ananya prema kA Adarza AbhIra jAti meM pracalita ho gayA hogA evaM pIr3hI dara pIr3hI usa prema kahAnI ko kahA sunA jAtA rahA / yaha prema saMbaMdha AbhIra jAti ke lie eka dharohara ho gayA ho aisA saMbhava pratIta hotA hai| isI prakAra isa jAti meM rAdhA ne kisI yuga meM prema kI devI kA gaurava prApta kara liyA aura zrIkRSNa bAladevatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gye| rAdhA aura kRSNa ke premagIta pahale loka bhASA meM pracalita hue aura taba kramazaH unheM saMskRta meM sthAna milane lgaa| jaba dhArmika kSetra meM viSNu kI zakti kA prAdurbhAva huA to viSNu ke avatAra rUpa meM zrIkRSNa aura unakI zakti ke rUpa meM rAdhA kA citraNa purANAdi graMthoM meM hone lgaa| zrIkRSNopAsaka saMpradAyoM kI prabalatA ke sAtha-sAtha rAdhA kA mahatva bhI uttarottara prabala hotA gyaa| isa prakAra rAdhA lokajIvana aura lokamAnyatAoM meM hI zatAbdiyoM taka banI rahI aura usakA parivartita evaM parivardhita rUpa hI Age calakara sAhitya meM ubhraa| yahI kAraNa hai ki rAdhA kA saMbaMdha lokajIvana, saMskRti, sAhitya evaM kalAoM se jitanA prAcIna rahA, utanA itihAsa se nahIM rahA / brahmavaivartapurANa aura garga saMhitA meM rAdhAkRSNa kI lIlAe~ vistAra pUrvaka varNita milatI haiM / brajabhASA kA kAvya to isakA anUThA koSa hI hai| zrIkRSNarAdhA kI lIlAoM ke gAna se braja bhASA ke mAdhurya aura kSamatA meM bhI adbhuta abhivRddhi huI hai| abhivyakti ke lie lIlAgAna jaisA saMvaidya viSaya kSetra pAkara yaha bhASA svayaM kRtArthaM evaM dhanya ho uThI hai| rAdhA ke svarUpa kI sahaja prakriyA rAdhA ke svarUpa vikAsa kI yaha prakriyA atIva sahaja aura prAkata lagatI hai|

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pariziSTa - 2 283 aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki isa prakAra jaba loka mAnyatA aura loka jIvana meM hI rAdhA ke svarUpa kA prAdurbhAva huA hogA, tabhI vahA~ se sadiyoM ke pazcAt vaha sAhitya aura purANoM meM AyA ho to katipaya vaidika graMthoM meM usakA ullekha kyoM kara nahIM huA hogA ? para rAdhA kA koI ullekha aisA nahIM milatA / jaisA ki pahale hI varNita ho cukA hai ki zrIkRSNa kA adhikatama vistRta jIvana caritra zrImadbhAgavata meM upalabdha hotA hai / isa graMtharatna meM rAdhA kA ullekha hI nahIM hai / yadi rAdhA kA ullekha isI rAdhA ke artha meM anya vedAdi graMthoM meM huA ho to zrImadbhAgavata meM usakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI thii| ina anyAnya vedAdi graMthoM meM ullikhita rAdhA kA prayoga kadAcit anyArtha meM hI huA hogA / ukta dhAraNA ke samarthana meM DaoN0 haravaMzalAla kI mAnyatA vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai ki yadyapi paurANika paNDita rAdhA kA saMbaMdha vedoM se jor3ate haiM, kiMtu aitihA sika pramANoM ke abhAva meM zrIkRSNa kI premikA ke rUpa meM use vedoM taka ghasITanA asaMgata hI lagatA hai / gopAla kRSNa kI kathAoM se paripUrNa bhAgavata, harivaMzapurANa aura viSNupurANAdi graMthoM meM rAdhA kA abhAva aneka prakAra ke saMdehoM ko janma detA hai / 1 phira anya prAcIna graMthoM meM rAdhA ke prayoga kA koI itara prayojana to nahIM hai, isa anumAna kI puSTi aura eka dizA kA saMketa paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya se milatA hai| unakA mata hai ki rAdha tathA rAdhA donoM zabdoM kI utpatti 'rAdha vRddhI' dhAtu se hai / isameM A upasarga jur3ane para ArAdhayati dhAtupada bana jAtA hai / phalataH ina donoM zabdoM kA samAna artha hai-ArAdhanA, arcanA, arcA | rAdhA isa prakAra vaidika rAdhaH yA rAdhA kA vyaktikaraNa hai / rAdhA pavitra tathA pUrNatama ArAdhanA kA pratIka hai ! ArAdhanA kI udAttatA usake premapUrNa hone meM haiM / isa prakAra rAdhA zabda ke sAtha prema kI pracuratA kA, bhakti kI vipulatA kA bhAva kI gahanIyatA kA saMbaMdha kAlAMtara meM jur3atA gayA aura dhIre-dhIre rAdhA vizAla prema kI pratimA ke rUpa meM sAhitya aura dharma meM pratiSThita ho gayI / " samagra vicAra dohana se niSkarSa yahI prApta hotA hai ki rAdhA ke rUpa meM jisa pAtra ke sAtha hamArA mAnasika paricaya hai, vaha aitihAsika nahIM / yaha svarUpa mAtra kalpanA - prasUta hai / paravartI kaviyoM dvArA yaha kalpanA kara lI gayI hai aura bAda ke kaviyoM dvArA vaha kalpanA isa pracuratA ke sAtha apanAyI aura puSTa kI jAtI rahI ki 1. sUra aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA, pR0 265 2. bhAratIya vAGmaya meM zrIrAdhA, paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 31

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284 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya isameM eka satyAbhAsa kI pratIti hone lgii| rAdhA eka pratIka hai jo isa rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gayI hai| rAjImati : eka virahiNI jaina vItarAgI rasa ko zrAvikA aura uccatama AdhyAtmika dharAtala kA ujjvala evaM dedIpyamAna caritra-ariSTanemi kI pUrvabhava kI sAthina aura patnI rAjImati apane pUrva bhavoM meM ratnavatI aura citragati, aparAjita aura prItimati ke rUpa meM pati-patnI the / AcArya jinasena ke anusAra aparAjita anutaravimAna meM bAIsa sAgara kI sthiti vAlA ahamindra deva banA / vahI mahArAjA samudravijaya kI patnI zivAdevI kI kokha se ariSTanemi ke rUpa meM paidA huA : yazomatI kA jIva rAjA ugrasena kI kanyA rAjImatI ke rUpa meM paidA huii| ___ jaba vaha bar3I huI to eka bAra zrIkRSNa ne ariSTanemi se kahA-'kumAra RSabha Adi aneka tIrthakara bhI gRhasthAzrama meM dIkSita hue the| unhoMne gRhasthAzrama kA bhoga kiyA thA aura pariNata vaya meM dIkSita hue the| unhoMne bhI mokSa prApta kara liyA thaa| tuma bhI aisA hI kro|" niyati kI prabalatA jAnakara ariSTanemi ne unakI bAta svIkAra kii| zrIkRSNa ne bhojakula ke rAjA ugrasena se rAjImatI kI yAcanA ariSTanemi ke lie kii| vaha sarva lakSaNoM se saMpanna, vidyut aura saudAminI ke samAna dIptimAna rAjakanyA thii| rAjImatI ke pitA ugrasana ne zrIkRSNa kI bAta mAna lI aura zrIkRSNa se kahA, yadi kumAra yahA~ AyeM to maiM apanI rAjakanyA unheM byAha duuN| vivAhapUrva taiyArI ___bAta taya huii| vivAha ke pUrva samasta kArya sampanna hue| maMgaladIpa jalAe gaye / vivAha kA dina bhI AyA / bAje bajAye gye| khuzI ke gIta gAye jAne lge| rAjImatI alaMkRta huii| para honI kucha aura hI thii| rAjImatI ne dekhA bArAta A rahI hai| divya AbhUSaNa pahane hue, divya vastra paridhAna kiye hue, madonmatta gadhahastI para ArUr3ha hokara dazAha cakra se cAroM ora ghire hue caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha ve ariSTanemi A rahe haiN| rAjImatI ne apane bhAvI pati ko dekhA / vaha atyanta prasanna huii| usa yuga meM kSatriyoM meM mAMsAhAra kA pracalana thaa| ugrasena ne bArAtiyoM ke bhojanArtha saikar3oM pazu-pakSI ekatrita kie the| unakA karuNa krandana ariSTanemi ne sunA / bhagavAna ne pUchatAcha kii| sArathI ne batAyA ki ye sAre 1. harivaMzapurANa-34:150; pR0 440 AcArya jinasena / 2. ahasA sAyarakannA susIlA caaru-pehinnii| savvalakkhaNa saMpannA, vijju sodAmaNippabhA // 7 //

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pariziSTa-2 285 mUka aura nirIha prANI bArAtiyoM ke bhojanArtha rakhe gaye haiM / ariSTanemi kA hRdaya dayA se dravita huaa| ve toraNa se vApisa lauTa gaye / zrIkRSNa ne unheM samajhAyA para ve na mAne / rAjImatI kA duHkha yaha saba jAnakara rAjImatI ke cehare kI gulAbI khuziyA~ gAyaba ho gayIM / use atIva duHkha huaa| usane kahA-vivAha kI bAhya rIti rasma bhale hI na huI ho kintu aMtaraMga hadaya se maiMne unheM vara liyA hai| aba maiM Ajanma unhIM svAmI kI upAsanA kruuNgii| mAtA-pitA ne use bahuta samajhAyA, para vaha na mAnI / rAjImatI ko sakhiyoM ne bahuta smjhaayaa| usake A~sU poMche aura kahA, rAjula, tuma bahuta bholI ho / jo tumheM nahIM cAhatA usake lie kyoM A~sU bahA rahI ho jisake pAsa nArI ke komala hRdaya ko parakhane kI vRtti nahIM--antaHkaraNa nahIM---jo dAruNa vedanA ko nahIM pahacAna sakA aise nirIha hRdaya vAle para tuma apanA dila kyoM luTAtI ho? ve kAyara the isIlie jIva dayA kA bahAnA banA kara binA vivAha kiye cala diye| rAjImatI apane prema meM dRr3ha thii| usane sakhiyoM ko phaTakArA / tuma kyA jAno ve kase karuNAvatAra the ! jisane apane samasta sukhoM ko pazuoM kI karuNa pukAra para tyAga diyA ve kitane vIra haiM ! unako kAyara kahate tuma ko lajjA kyoM na AI ? tuma saba mujhe akelI chor3akara calI jaao| sakhiyoM ne puna: use smjhaayaa| isa para rAjImatI ne puna: DA~TA aura kahA-cupa raho / muMha se aisI-vaisI bAteM na nikaalo| ariSTanemi mere priyatama haiN| maiM unakA hRdaya se varaNa kara cukI huuN| pAgala maiM nahIM tuma saba ho / maiM kSatriya bAlA huuN| eka hI bAra vaha apanA jIvana sAthI cunatI hai| maiMne bhI vaisA hI taya kiyA hai| aba jo unakI rAha hogI vahI merI hogii| premamUrti rAjImatI premamUrti rAjImatI ariSTanemi kI apalaka pratIkSA karatI rhii| vaha nitya socatI rahatI-bhagavAna eka-na-eka dina avazya merI pukAra suneMge / kintu, usakI icchA pUrNa na ho sakI / eka sAlabhara usake antarmAnasa meM aneka saMkalpa DUbate-utarate rahe / isa antarvyathA ko lekara aneka jaina kaviyoM ne bArahamAse likhe haiN| rAjImatI ke mAdhyama se isa vidhA ko kaMThAbharaNa aura likhita racanA ke rUpa meM jJAta aura ajJAta jaina kaviyoM ne apnaayaa| ___ yaha viyoga zRMgAra varNana anUThA aura hRdayagrAhI hai / yaha geya aura lokagIta kA rUpa pakar3a cukA hai / eka lokokti prasiddha hai "jo na hote nema rAjImatI to kyA karate jaina yti"| rAjImatI kI upAsanA deha kI nahIM dehI kI hai| isameM bhautika

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286 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya dAsanA nahIM hai balki AdhyAtmika stara kI udAtta bhAvanA hai jo saMyama para AdhArita hai| ariSTanemi ne jisa kaThora sAdhanA ko apanAyA usako rAjImatI ne bhI apanAyA aura vaha ariSTanemi se pUrva hI mukta ho jAtI hai| rathanemi aura rAjImatI rAjImatI ke rUpa para ariSTanemi kA sahodara rathanemi Asakta thA / vaha usake pAsa nitya naye upahAra bhejtaa| saralahRdayA rAjImatI usakI kuTila bAta na samajha skii| ina upahAroM ko vaha ariSTanemi ke hI upahAra samajhatI rahI / para, eka dina ekAnta meM rayanemi ne apanI abhilASA vyakta kii| jaba rAjImatI ne yaha sunA to vaha sArA rahasya samajha gyii| use samajhAne ke lie usane sugandhita payaHpAna kiyA aura usake vamana ke lie davA bhI le lii| jaba vamana huA to use eka svarNapAtra meM lekara rathanemi ko dekara kahA "lIjie, ise pAna kIjie" to rathanemi ne kahA, kyA maiM kuttA hU~ ? vamana kA pAna ina pAna nahIM karatA-kuttA karatA hai| rAjImatI ne uttara diyA, "maiM ariSTanemi dvArA vamana kI huI huuN| phira tuma kyoM mugdha hokara merI icchA kara rahe ho? kyA tumhArA viveka naSTa ho gayA hai ? jo vamana kI huI cIja kI icchA karatA hai use mara jAnA caahie| lagatA hai tumhArA viveka naSTa ho gayA hai|" rAjImatI kI isa phaTakAra ne kAma kiyaa| rAjImatI dIkSAbhimukha hokara tapa aura saMyama karane lgii| rAjImatI ne aneka mahilAoM ke sAtha dIkSA le lii| para, eka dina kI ghaTanA hai-bAdala garaja rahe the| bijaliyA~ kauMdha rahI thiiN| raivataka parvata para sAdhvI mahAsatI rAjImatI anya sAdhvI sahita car3ha rahI thii| acAnaka vRSTi zuru ho gyii| sAdhviyoM kA jhuMDa bikhara gyaa| apane dala se bichur3I huI rAjImatI ne varSA se bacane ke lie eka aMdherI guphA kA Azraya liyaa| isa guphA ke ekAnta sthAna ko dekhakara rAjImatI ne apane gIle vastra utArakara phailA diye / rayanemi ne bhI pravrajyA lI thii| ve bhI isI guphA meM dhyAnamagna the| acAnaka bijalI cmkii| rAjImatI ko akelI aura nirvastra dekhakara usakA mana vicalita ho gyaa| rAjImatI ne bhI jaba use dekhA taba vaha apane aMgoM kA gopana kara jamIna para baiTha gyii| rathanemi usako manAne lgaa| usane kahA-tumhAre binA paiM zarIra dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA / merI manokAmanA tuma pUrNa kro| phira hama donoM saMyama grahaNa kara leNge| rAjImatI ne punaH phaTakArakara kahA-"zramaNa hokara bhI tuma bhogalIna hone kI icchA karate ho| vamana kI huI viSavastu khAkara tuma jIvita rahanA cAhate ho ? tuma cAhe nala-kubera yA sAkSAt indra ke samAna kyoM na ho, maiM tumhArI icchA nahIM karatI / tumhAre liye mRtyu ko varaNa kara lenA hI zreyaskara hai|" sAdhvI rAjImatI ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara rathanemi kA mana sthira ho gyaa| rAjImatI

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pariziSTa-2 287 bhI kevalI aura mukta ho gyii| rathanemi bhagavAna ke pAsa gaye aura saba btaayaa| anta meMtapasyA kara ve mokSagAmI bne| vaidika sAhitya meM jo sthAna rAdhA-kRSNa kA hai vaisA hI sthAna jaina sAhitya meM ariSTanemi aura rAjImatI kA hai| maiMne pariziSTa-2 meM isake pUrva rAdhA para vivecana diyA hai| rAdhA AhlAdinI zakti aura zrIkRSNa kI prema devI hai| para, rAjImatI, virahiNI hokara bhI sAdhvI hai aura atulanIya saMyama kI mUrti hai : isalie bejor3a aura anupama hai| ina donoM kI tulanA apane-apane kSetra meM atulanIya hai|

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1. antakRtdazA sUtra, saM0 - yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni jI / pra0---Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1981 pariziSTa - 3 saMdarbha grantha sUcI 2. arastU kA kAvya zAstra, anuvAdaka - DA0 nagendra pra0 - hiMdI anusaMdhAna pariSada, dillI, vi0 sa0 1914 3. apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana, le0 10 - DA0 vIrendra zrIvAstava / 4. apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hiMdI premAkhyAna, le0- - premacanda jaina pra0 - sohanalAla jaina dharmapracAraka samiti, amRtasara, sana 1972 31 5. apabhraMza sAhitya, le0 - pro0 harivaMza kochar3a pra0 - bhAratIya sAhitya maMdira, dillI, vi0 saM0 1013 6. Adhunika hiMdI kAvya meM chaMda yojanA, le0 - DA0 puttUlAla zukla 7. Adi purANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, le0 --- DA0 nemicanda zAstrI pra0 - varNI graMthamAlA, kAzI / 8. Adi purANa, le0 - - AcArya jinasena pra0 - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, san 1963 C. itihAsa praveza, le0 -- jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra pra0 - sarasvatI prakAzana maMdira, ilAhAbAda, san 1941 10. iNDiyana philAsaphI, le0 - DA0 rAdhAkRSNan 11. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, saM0 - rAjendra muni pra0 -- Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara san 1984

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289 pariziSTa-3 12. uttarapurANa, (hastalikhita prati) lipikAra-khuzAlacanda kAlA 13. uttarapurANa, pra0-bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1954 14. upadezamAlA prakaraNa pra0-RSabha deva kezarImala, saMsthA indaura, 1926 15. kAvyamAlA (46), saM0-zivadatta zarmA pra0--nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1605 16. karakaMDu caritra, saM0 -hIrAlAla jaina prathama saM0-jaina sIrIja, kAraMjA, 1634 dvitIya saM0-bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1964 17. kRSNa merI dRSTi meM, le0-bhagavAna zrI rajanIza pra0-jIvana jAgRti kendra, bambaI-6 18. kaNhacarita, le0-devendra sUri pra0--kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, 1630 16. kAvya meM rahasyavAda, le0-AcArya rAmacandra zukla pra0-nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI, 1983 20. kRSNa-lAvaNI, muni nandalAla ziSya 21. kumArapAla paDiboha, saMpAdaka-muni jina vijaya jI prakAzaka-orieNTala gAyakavAr3a sIrIja, bar3odA, 1920 gujarAtI anuvAda-AtmAnanda sabhA, bambaI 22. gajasukumAla rAsa (hastalikhita), abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera 23. gajasukumAla rAsa (hastalikhita), graMtha bhaNDAra jaisalamera 24. jJAtA dharma kathAMga sUtra, saM0--yuvAcArya madhukara muni jI pra0--Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1981 25. caturmukha vana oNpha di aliesTa apabhraMza e pIka poiTsa pra0--janarala oNpha di orienTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA, gra0 7 aMza 3 le0-DA0 harivallabha cunnIlAla bhAyANI, mArca 1948

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260 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya 26. caupanna-mahApurisa cariyaM, saM0-amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka pra0 -prAkRta graMtha pariSad, vArANasI, 1961 27. caupanna mahApuruSonAM carito, anu0-AcArya hemasAgarasUri pra0-motIcaMda maganabhAI cokasI, bambaI, 1966 28. jasahara caritra, le0 -kavi puSpadatta, saM0 ---DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya pra0 --jaina-sIrIja, kAraMjA, 1631 26. jambasAmi caritra, le0-vIra kavi saM0-DA0 vI0 pI0 jaina, 1967 30. jayavANI, saM0-yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni jI pra0 --- sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 2026 31. jaina mahAbhArata, le0-muni dhanarAja jI 32. jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, le0-devendra muni zAstrI pra0-tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura 33. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -khaNDa 1, 2 le0-AcArya hastimala jI mahArAja, pra0-samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura 34. jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, le0-pro0 hIrAlAla ra0 kApar3iyA pra0-pannAlAla caMdanalAla, vaDodA, 1966 35. jaina zrIkRSNa sAhitya viSayaka lekha, le0 --- mahAvIra koTiyA pra0--jinavANI patrikA, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura 36. jaina stotra samuccayam, saM0-catura vijaya muni pra0 - nirNaya sAgara presa, mumbaI 37. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, le0 mohanalAla da0 desAI 38. jaina sAhitya kA bahad itihAsa, le-DA0 gulAlacanda caudharI pra0--pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1973 39. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAga-1, 2 le0-60 kailAzacanda zAstrI pra0--zrI gaNezIprasAda varNI jaina graMthamAlA, vArANasI

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pariziSTa - 3 40. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, le O--- - nAthUrAma prebho pra0 - hiMdI graMtha ratnAkara prA0 li0 bambaI, 1656 41. jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa, le0 - DA0 bhAgacandra bhAskara pra0- - nAgapura vidyApITha, nAgapura, 1677 42. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, le 0. pra0 ---- caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI [0 - DA0 jagadIzacanda jaina 43. dazavekAlika sUtra : haribhadra vRtti pra0 - manasukhalAla mahAvIra priMTiMga vaksaM, bambaI 44. dvisandhAnam, saM0 - zivadatta zarmA pra0 - nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1924 45. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra, 46. terahavIM caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya le0 - zyAma zaMkara dIkSita pra0 - malika eNDa kampanI, jayapura, 1666 47. nATya darpaNam pra0 - orieNTala insTITyUTa, baDaudA, 1946 48. nAmamAlA, pra0- - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1950 46. nemidUta, saM00 - ma0 vinayasAgara Iao - sumati sadana, koTA, 2005 50. nemajI aura rAjula kA saMvAda, maMgala pATha saM0 - rAjendra muni, pra0 -- tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura, 1682 51. nemavANI, saM0 - devendra muni zAstro pra0 - tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura 52. nemi nirvANam, saM0 paNDita zivadatta zarmA va kAzInAtha zarmA pra0 -- nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1936 53. nemicandrikA (hastalikhita prati ) jaina maMdira bar3A terApanthiyoM kA, jayapura 261.

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262 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya 54. nemizvara beli, le0 kavi ghelhasuta ThAkurasI 55. nemi bAraha mAsA, (kaNThAbharaNa) 56. nemizvara rAsa (hastalikhita prati) lipikAra-dayArAma pANDeya, Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura 57. neminAtha nirvANam (hastalikhita) jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA (bihAra) 58. nayanAnanda, saM0-eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA pra0-orieNTala insTITyUTa, baDodA, 1932 59. prameya kamala mArtaNDa pra.-mANikacanda graMthamAlA, bambaI 60. paMca pANDava caritra rAsa : hiMdI ke ajJAta rAsa kAvya pra0- maMgala prakAzana, jayapura 61. prAcIna jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-2, saM0-muni jina vijaya pra0-jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1621 62. pradyumna caritra saM0-60 cainasukhadAsa va DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla pra0--atizaya kSetra mahAvIra jI 63. paumasiri caritra le0-cAhila saM0-DA0 eca0 sI0 bhAyANI pra.-bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, vi02004 64. pauma cariu-kavi svayambhU saM0-DA0 eca0 sI0 bhAyANI pra0-bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI 65. prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra, saM0-amara muni jI pra0-sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA 66. prabandha koza, saM0-muni jina vijaya jI pra0-siMdhI jaina vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, 1633

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pariziSTa - 3 67. pradyumna caritra, saM0 - nAthurAma premI pra0 - hiMdI grantha ratnAkara, kAryAlaya, bambaI 68. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, le0 - jagadIzacandra jaina pra0 - caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1661 le 0. saM0-- pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye pra0 --- jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1654 66. pANDava purANa, 70. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa 71. premI abhinandana graMtha -bhaTTAraka zubhacandra le0 - nemicaMda zAstrI pra0 - tArA pablikezana, vArANasI, 1966 saM0 -- DA0 vAsudeva agravAla 72. pANDava yazo rasAyana (mahAbhArata) le0 - marudhara kezarI mizrImala jI ma0 pra0 -- raghunAtha bhaNDAra, sojata siTI -------- 73. balabhadra belI, racanAkAra -- kavi sAliga 74. bhagavad gItA, gItA pra0 - presa, gorakhapura 75. bhagavAna neminAtha aura puruSottama zrIkRSNa le0 - muni cauthamala jI pra0 -- divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, byAvara 76. bhavabhAvanA (2 bhAgoM meM prakAzita ) Q Ia o - RSamadeva kezarImala jaina zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma, 1662 77. bhavissayatta kahA tathA apabhraMza kathA kAvya le0 - DA0 devendra kumAra zAstrI pra0 - bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1670 78. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa yogI eka anuzIlana le0 - devendra muni zAstrI pra0 -- tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura 1671 76. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna 0 DA0 hIrAlAla zAstrI le 0. prao - madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, 1662 263

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264 80. bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kRSNa kAvya - saM0 - DA0 bhagIratha mizra va vinaya mohana zarmA pra0 - - madhyapradeza sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, 1681 81. mahAbhArata, le0 - pravartaka zuklacaMda jI ma0 le 0 82. mahAbhArata le0 - sUrya muni jI 83. mahAbhArata, pra0 - gItA presa, gorakhapura 84. mahAmAtya kA sAhitya maNDala aura saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena -- DA0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 110 prao - jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI 85. raMgasAgara nemiphAgU, le0 - somasuMdara sUri - bhAga 1, 2 86. raidhU sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana le0 - rAjArAma jaina 87. rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paramparA 88. rAjasthAnI veli sAhitya jaina - paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya le0 - agaracaMda jI nAhaTA, pra0 - rAdhAkRSNa prakAzana, dillI, 1667 le 0. 0 - DA0 narendra bhAnAvata pra0--- rAjasthAna sAhitya akAdamI, udayapura 1. vastupAla kA vidyA maMdira, le.. 86. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya. pra0 - prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura, vi0 2034 90. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, le0 - - motIlAla menAriyA ---O - bhogIlAla sAMDasarA 62. vasanta vilAsa 93. vasudeva hiNDI, le0 - saMghadAsa gaNi pra0 - jaina kalcara risarca sAsAyaTI, banArasa, hiMdU yunivarsiTI patrikA naM0 16 saM0 muni caturavijaya, puNya vijaya pra0 - jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1630

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265 pariziSTa-3 64. vahidasAo, saM0 ..-pupphabhikkhU pra0--satrAgama prakAzana samiti, gur3agAMva (paMjAba) 65. vaiSNavijma eNDa zaivijma eNDa adara mAinara sekTa le0--DA0 bhaNDArakara va hemacandrarAya caudharI, puNe 66. vaiSNava dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, le0---DA0 rAya caudharI 67. santakavi rAyacaMdajI aura unakI racanAeM pra0-marudhara kezarI abhinandana grantha prakAzana samiti, byAvara 68. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna le0-DA0 nemicanda zAstrI pra0--bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1601 66. samavAyAMga sUtra, saM0-50 kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' pra.--Agama anuyoga prakAzana samiti, sAMDerAva, 1966 100 sthAnAMga, saM0-60 kanhaiyAlAla jI kamala pra0-Agama anuyoga prakAzana samiti, sAMDerAva, 1972 101. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa le0-vAcaspati gairolA pra0-caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1960 102 saptasandhAna kAvya pra0-jaina sAhitya vardhaka sabhA, sUrata, saM0 2000 103. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, le0-baladeva upAdhyAya pra0-zAradA maMdira, kAzI 104. sAhitya aura saundarya, le0-DA0 phatehasiMha pra0-saMskRti sadana, koTA 105. zrIkRSNa caritra, le0-60 mahAsena 106. zrImad bhAgavata, pra0-gItA presa, gorakhapura 107. harivaMza purANa (hastalikhita) le0 1759 __ Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura 108 harivaMza purANa (hastalikhita) le0 --saM0 1906 __ zrI pallIvAla digambara jaina maMdira, dhuliyAgaMja, AgarA

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266 jaina-paraMparA meM zrIkRSNa sAhitya 106. harivaMza purANa (hastalikhita), le0-zAlivAhana, AgarA 11.. haribhadra ke prAkRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana le0-nemicandra zAstrI / 111. harivaMza purANa le0-AcArya jinasena saM0-pannAlAla jaina, pra0-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1962 112. hiMdI sAhitya kA AdikAla, le0 -DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI 113. hiMdI sAhitya meM rAdhA, le0-dvArakA prasAda mittala 114. hiMdI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa le0 DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA 115. hiMdI sAhitya kA itihAsa, le0-AcArya rAmacandra zukla pra0-nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI 116. hiMdI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, le0- nemicaMda zAstrI pra0-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1956 117. hiMdI Adi aura madhyakAlIna kRtiyAM saM0-DA. govinda rajanIza, pra.-maMgala prakAzana, jayapura 118. hiMdI rAsa kAvya, le0-DA0 harIza pra0-maMgala prakAzana, jayapura 116. hiMdI aura marAThI kA vaiSNava sAhitya eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana lekhaka-DA0 na0 ci0 jogalekara prakAzaka-javAhara pustakAlaya, mathurA, 1966 120. hiMdI sAhitya kA vaijJAnika itihAsa,le0-DA0 gaNapati caMdra gupta patrikAeM 1. anekAnta-dillI 2. zramaNa-pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 3. ahiMsA darzana--akhila bhA0 a0 pracAra saMgha, beMgalora 4. zodhapatrikA-varSa 26, aMka do, eprila-jUna 1978 saM0 DA. devIlAla pAlIvAla aura DA0 deva koThArI sAhitya saMsthAna, rAjasthAna vidyApITha, udayapura 5. jinavANI mAsika patrikA-julAI 1966 samyagjJAna pracAra maNDala, jayapura 6. jaina hitaiSI--bhAga-11, aMka 7-8 000

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nAma-rAjendra muni janma saM0-2060 janma sthala-bar3agAMva pitA nAma-pUnamacaMda DosI mAtA nAma-dhApa kuMvara bAI (mahAsatI prakAzavatI) bhrAtA nAma-rameza muni zAstrI guru nAma-upAcArya devendra muni jI zikSA-jaina siddhAntAcArya, zAstrI, sAhityaratna, sAhitya mahopAdhyAya, ema.e., kAvyatIrtha bhASA jJAna -prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, aMgrejI, marAThI sampAdana-uttarAdhyayana sUtra, jIvAbhigama sUtra, Adi paccIsa pustkeN| vihAra sthala-karnATaka, tamilanADu, AMdhra pradeza, mahArASTra, dillI, hariyANA, uttara pradeza, madhya pradeza, gujarAta, rAjasthAna / * milanasAra evaM madhura prakRti, vaktA, preraNA se aneka saMsthAoM ke saMsthApaka / * pI-eca.DI. ke lie zodharata / Jan Educational ivate &Pere

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