Acharya Anandshankar Dhruv Darshan ane Chintan

Author(s): Dilip Charan
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/005477/1

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva: darzana ane ciMtana dilIpa cAraNa bhAratIya lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidhAmaMdira amadAvAda 380 009 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana dilIpa cAraNa (eNsosieTra prophesara, tattvajJAna vibhAga, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda) mukhya saMpAdaka jitendra bI. zAha bhAratIya halapatamA lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda-380 009 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Acharyashri Anandashankar Dhruva : Darshan ane Chintan by Dilip Charan Published By : L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad lA. da. zreNI : 147 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana dilIpa cAraNa mukhya saMpAdaka jitendra bI. zAha prakAzaka jitendra bI. zAha niyAmaka lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira amadAvAda (c) lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira prathama AvRtti H 2010 prata : 250 ISBN 81-85857-29-6 kiMmata : rUA. pa00/ For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya prA. dilIpabhAI cAraNe pIeca. DI.nI upAdhi mATe taiyAra karela mahAnibaMdha AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruvanA ciMtanano saMzodhita, parivRddhita graMtha AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana prakAzita karatAM ane AnaMdanI lAgaNI anubhavIe chIe. AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanuM ciMtana sAMpradAyika saMkucitatAmAM aTavAyeluM na hatuM. temanuM ciMtana sarvagrAhI hatuM. temAM saumyatA, saMvAda, saMyama, bhAvanAmayatA AdinuM saMmizraNa jovA maLatuM hatuM. temanAmAM zuSka vidvattA na hatI. tethI teo abhimAnI banyA na hatA paraMtu saMyamI hatA. vaLI temanAmAM tattva pAmavAnI UMDI abhiruci dekhAya che. tethI ja temanA ciMtanamAM taTastha arthaghaTana, tattvagrahaNa ane samanvayanI bhAvanA jhaLake che. sAthe sAthe jijJAsA, zraddhA ane namratA jevA guNo paNa dIpI UThyA che. temanAM lakhANomAM mAnavajIvanane unnata banAvavAnI abhipsA ane saMskRtinuM gaurava jovA maLe che. teo UMDA tattvaciMtaka, gaMbhIra vicAraka, samanvayAtmaka saMzodhaka, lekhaka ane dArzanika hatA. teo mAtra vedAnta, gItA, upaniSadanA ja vidvAna na hatA, paraMtu samagra bhAratIya ane yuropIya dArzanika paraMparAonA UMDA abhyAsu ane vidvAna hatA. tethI temanAM lakhANomAM navo unmeSa ane cetanA jovA maLe che. AthI temanA lekho, saMzodhano adyAvadhi nUtana jaNAya che. AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruvanA samagra kAryanuM tulanAtmaka ane samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zrI dilIpabhAI cAraNe prastuta karyuM che. A adhyayanamAM temano kaThora parizrama, tulanAtmaka draSTi ane saMzodhanAtmaka vRttinA darzana thAya che. A saMzodhanathI AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruvano paricaya supere thaze. prastuta graMthanA prakAzanamAM yogadAna ApanAra tamAma mitrono huM AbhAra mAnuM chuM. amane AzA che ke bhAratIya darzana ane gujarAtanA tattvaciMtanano abhyAsa karavA IcchatA tamAma jijJAsuone A graMtha upayogI nIvaDaze. jitendra bI. zAha amadAvAda mArca, 2010 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Foreword I feel immense pleasure in writing a foreword to the book entitled Acharyashri Anandashankar Dhruva : Darshan ane Chintan authored by Dr. Dilip Charan. Dr. Charan did his Doctorate on Anandashankar Dhruva long back. But he did not stop there. His thirst of knowledge inspired him to make in depth study on various works of Dhruva from different angles. As per my knowledge. this work is an outcome of seven years long deep study and sincere efforts of the author after his Doctorate. This is a very scholarly and extraordinary work on great versatile personality Anandashankar Dhruva. Shri Anandashankar Dhruva was an outstanding thinker, erudite scholar and great writer in the field of Philosophy, Literature and Religion. He was known Advaitic scholar as well as profound scholar of all the systems of Indian and Western philosophy. He was not a dogmatist, but very open-minded thinker and a writer. His contribution to Indian philosophical literature is remarkable. His writings on any subject reveal depth, reasoning and clarity which is rarest among the rare. His writings are not limited to just Philosophy and Religion but cover vast field of Indian culture and literature. So far very little research work has been done to highlight on various aspects of Anandashankar Dhruva's writings. Dr. Charan has done a commendable job by authoring this book, studying almost all books and articles written by A.B. Dhruva. In this sense it is unique in its own way. This scholarly work is first of its kind in Gujarati language. This exhaustive work covers almost all main aspects of A.B.Dhruva: His life, background of his literary thinking and creation, philosophical thinking, evaluation of his writings on Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and different systems of Indian Philosophy, Religions, Poetics, Aesthetics and Western philosophy. While writing this book, the author has left no stone unturned. The thorough study of this work reveals that, the author has applied all possible research methodologies such as historical, descriptive, analytical, critical, comparative, speculative and intuitive. The chapter nine is a critical evaluation of A. B. Dhruva's way of thinking and writing and chapter ten is on appreciation of his contribution. Both these chapters are written in a balancing and impartial manner. Undoubtedly, these chapters have enhanced the value of this work. For Personal & Private Use Only

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Shri Anandashankar Dhruva, though, was a very systematic thinker and writer, but sometimes his ideas on Philosophy, Aesthetics, Poetics, Literature, Culture and Religion are scattered here and there in his writings. In such circumstances systematic treatment of specific topic becomes a very difficult task. Dr. Charan has done it efficiently and successfully bringing those scattered ideas under the specific headings. Dr. Charan is a gifted writer. His flow of literary style and language is amazing. This entire book is written in pleasant literary style and lucid language which made this work more enjoyable. This book, written in a Gujarati Language is certainly invaluable in the field of Philosophy, Religion and Literature. This work, which is the product of a great research, will certainly be useful to research scholars, students and general readers. I have no hesitation in recommending this scholarly work to the Gujarati readers. We expect many more such kind of scholarly works from the pen of this young scholar. Ramanavami 24-03-2010 Prof. Dr. Yajneshwar S. Shastri Director University School of Psychology, Education & Philosophy, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad. 000 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkara dhruva taTastha arthaghaTana, tattvagrahaNa ane samanvaya e bhAratanI ati prAcIna vicAra paddhati che. A paddhatimAM satya jijJAsA ane zraddhA sAthe namratA ane sUkSma ahiMsAvRtti rahelI che. sarvagrAhitA ke akhilAI ahIM kRtaka AyAma nathI, paraMtu jIvaMta ane prAmANika vicAraNAnI svAbhAvika gati che. tattvagrahaNa karI vicAraNAne navI sapATI para laI javAno A vyApAra che. bhAratIya ciMtananuM subhaga lakSaNa tenI akhilAI ane tattvagrAhitAmAM paDeluM che. Adhunika ciMtanamAM A subhagatA svAmI vivekAnaMda, zrI gAMdhIjI, zrI araviMda, DaoN.rAdhAkRSNanamAM temaja gujarAtamAM AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva temaja paM.sukhalAlajInA ciMtanamAM jovA maLe che. AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkaranuM zIla temanI vicArazailInuM paricAyaka hatuM. A aMge kanaiyAlAla munazI lakhe che ke "saumyatA ane saMvAda e emane zabda ane Dagale jharatA. .... saMyama, bhAvanAmayatA e vyAvahArikatAnuM emanAmAM suMdara saMmizraNa hatuM, vidvattAe temane zuSka karyA na hatA. saMyame emane abhimAnI banAvyA na hatA... e sAhityano zvAsa letA. bhAgavata ane AryadharmanA aThaMga abhyAsI hatA. enA siddhAMto vaDe arvAcIna prazno ukelavA ane arvAcIna AcArane tenI kasoTI para caDhAvavo e emano haMmezano krama hato. suruci, zabdaprabhutva, susaMbaddhatA ane kathanagaurava emanA vAkaye vAkaye dekhAtAM." (AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruva smAraka graMtha, pR.6). AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanA ciMtananuM kendra temanI vicAramAtranI tattvagrAhitA ane samanvaya daSTi che, je temanA samagra vAlmayamAM vyakta thAya che. A dRSTie temanuM ciMtana vaicArika ahiMsAnI pratibaddhatAne sAcave che ane saMskAre che. dharma aMge paNa ekAMgI vRttino tyAga karI AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che "dharma e manuSyane svabhAvasiddha che tathA Avazyaka che... vyavahArano AdhyAtmika bhASAmAM je artha che tenuM TUMku nAma dharma che. dharma e mAtra vicAra rUpa, jene zAstrIya paribhASAmAM 'tarka athavA 'parokSajJAna' kahe che te nathI, mAtra kriyArUpa paNa nathI, eTale ke kartavya karavAmAM ja enI parisamApti nathI, temaja mAtra hRdayanA bhAvarUpa eTale bhakti ke AnaMdamAM ja enI parisamApti thAya che ema paNa nathI. dharmamAM e traNeno adbhuta saMgraha thAya che." For Personal & Private Use Only

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kalA ane sAhityane paNa teo vAdanI ekAMgItAmAM nahIM paNa tattvagrAhI dRSTinI akhilAI svarUpe jue che. kSaramAM ane kSaranI pAra akSaranuM darzana karAve te kalA ema teo jaNAve che. temanA mate "jagatamAM mahAna kAvyo to te ja gaNAyAM che ke jeNe manuSyano jIvanapathI ujALyo che, enI saMskRtine unnata bhAvanAthI poSI che, dIpAvI che, eka pagaluM ene AgaLa bharAvyuM che....kAvya jeTale aMze jagatanuM balka jagatanI pAra rahelA a-kSaranuM anukaraNa ke sUcana na kare ane AbhAsa dvArA paNa enuM darzana karAve teTalo eno mahimA ane aihikatAnA malinakuMDamAM krIDAonI mAphaka khadabadatI manuSyahRdayanI dhUla vRttione dezAntara karAvI rasalokanI svargagaMgAmAM-rasamandAkinImAM snAna karAve eTalI enI uccatA." "saMskRtino saMyama ane jIvanano ullAsa bannenI jemAM samatA te kAvya uttama" (kAvyatattvavicAra, 11497-49-50) AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkaranA mate A samatA ja 'zabda ane artha', 'bhAvanA ane vAstava', 'klAsikala ane romenTika'nA vaicArika dhaMdhothI para laI jaI kalAne AtmAnI amRta, a-mRta kalA tarIke sthApaze. A ja darzana AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkaranA keLavaNI ane samAjavicAramAM jovA maLe che. prajJA ane zIlanuM anuzIlana kare te keLavaNI ane evo keLavAyelo samAja ja temanA mate ISTa che. Ama tattvaciMtana, dharmaciMtana, sAhitya ane keLavaNI temaja jIvana ane samAja ciMtanamAM AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkaranI potAnI AMtaradRSTi tattvagrAhI, ekAMgItAno parityAga karanArI ane sarvAzleSI samanvayane darzAvanArI che. AvA saMskAra puruSane ApaNA zat zat vaMdana. AvA saMskAra puruSanA ciMtanano tAtvika abhyAsa prastuta saMzodhanamAM zrI dilIpa cAraNe karyo che je "gujarAtanA tattvaciMtanamAM eka viziSTa AyAma che. gujarAtanA ciMtanane nirakhavA, pArakhavAnuM ane avagAhana karavAnuM eka ijana A pustaka dvArA vAcakane avazya prApta thaze ane AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtana gAMbhIryano gujarAtane paricaya thaze. prazAMta dave nivRtta prAdhyApaka, tattvajJAna vibhAga, nalinI, araviMda ArTsa kaoNleja vallabhavidyAnagara 0 0 0 For Personal & Private Use Only

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nivedana gujarAtanA vidyApuruSa AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanA ciMtana para mahAnibaMdha taiyAra karatI vakhate e pratIti thaI ke, AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanavizva para haju paNa saghana adhyayanane avakAza che. tattvajJAna vibhAga, gujarAta yunivarsiTInA adhyakSa ane mArA guru prAdhyApaka DaoN. yajJezvara zAstrIe AnaMdazaMkaranA samagra ciMtanane AvarI letuM svataMtra pustaka taiyAra karavAnI salAha, preraNA ane mArgadarzana mane ApyuM. enA paripAka rUpe AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana ApanI samakSa rajU karatAM AnaMdanI lAgaNI anubhavuM chuM. ela.DI.InsTiTyUTa oNpha InDolojInA niyAmaka AdaraNIya DaoN. jitendrabhAI zAha samakSa meM AnaMdazaMkara uparanA mArA vizeSa abhyAsa AdhArita eka graMtha emanI saMsthA dvArA pragaTa thAya evI IcchA vyakta karI. AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva jevI mUrdhanya ciMtana pratibhA upara graMtha pragaTa karavA mATe zrI jitendrabhAIe A prastAvano umaLakAbhera svIkAra karyo. AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva vizenuM mAruM A pustaka bhAratanI khyAtanAma saMsthAomAMnI eka saMsthA ela.DI.InsTiTyUTa oNpha InDolojI, amadAvAda pragaTa kare che, e mAre mATe AnaMdano ane gauravano viSaya che. A mATe huM saMsthAnuM ane saMsthAnA niyAmaka AdaraNIya zrI DaoN.jitendrabhAI zAhano RNasvIkAra karuM chuM. A pustaka taiyAra karavAmAM AraMbhathI aMta sudhI mane mArgadarzana ApanAra prazAMtabhAI davenA mArA taraphanA AtmIyabhAvanuM mane satata poSaNa maLyA karyuM che. temanI sAthe thayela sahaciMtana mane khUba ja upayogI nIvaDyuM. AnaMdazaMkarane yogya parivezamAM mUkavAnuM nakazIkAma, temanA vicAranI mUlavaNIane temanI dIptimAna ciMtana pratibhAnuM Akalana karavAnuM kArya AdaraNIya prazAMtabhAI sAthenA sahaciMtanano paripAka che ema kahI huM temano RNasvIkAra karuM to jANe temane na game, paNa A eka hakIkata rUpe ja huM lakhuM chuM. mArAmAM vidyAprIti jagADanAra, satata kArya karavAnI preraNA ApanAra, mArA Adarza evA prazAMtabhAIno prema mane avirata maLato raheze evI mane zraddhA che. A pustakanAM prUpha cakAsI jarUrI sUcano ApavA badala prA.kanubhAI zAha ane murabbI DaoN. bAbubhAI zAhano huM atyaMta AbhArI chuM. saMskRta zabdo, sUtro ane zlokonA saMdarbhanI cakAsaNI vakhate prA. vijayabhAI paMDyAnAM sUcano prApta thayAM che te badala temano AbhArI chuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pustakanA aMtima pruphanI cakAsaNI vakhate DaoN. zrIdevIbahena mahetAnA sadyoga mATe temano AbhAra mAnuM chuM. ela.DI. saMsthA parivAra taraphathI mane maLela sahakAra ane premanuM mUlya zabdathI AMkI zakAya ema nathI. prA. kAnajIbhAI, DaoN. maNIbhAI prajApati, DaoN. nirAlIbahena, DioN. pArulabahena, arcanAbahena, hinAbahena, vikramabhAI, gautamabhAI temaja saMsthA parivAranA anya sarva karmacArIono A tabakke huM AbhAra mAnuM chuM. mAruM A pustaka huM mArA moTAbhAIne arpaNa karuM chuM. IDara tAlukAnA cheka aMtariyALa gAmaDAmAMthI mane yunivarsiTI kakSAe pahoMcADanAra, mArA abhyAsanI satata ciMtA karanAra ane pUjaya pitAjInA avasAna pachI paNa gharanI saghaLI javAbadArImAMthI mukta rAkhI, adhyayana kArya karavAnI mokaLAza karI ApanAra mArA moTAbhAInA AzIrvAda mArA jIvananuM baLa che. mArAM pUjya bAnA nirmaLa AziSanI preraNA to rageragamAM satata vahI rahI che. A kArya mATe meM mArA dharmapatnI ane bALakono paNa samaya lIdho che. tenI paNa aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka noMdha lauM chuM. vAstavamAM to AnaMdazaMkarano abhyAsa tattvajJAnanA koIpaNa abhyAsu mATe avizrAMta parizIlanano viSaya che. temano samAja ane keLavaNI vicAra, zrI rAmAnujAcAryajInA zrI bhASyano gujarAtI anuvAda, syAdvAda maMjarInuM saMpAdana, dinAgane nyAya pravezanI samIkSAtmaka AvRtti mArA bhaviSyanA adhyayana ane parizIlananA viSayo che. A abhyAsane paNa huM pustakarUpe prastuta karI zakuM evI AzA che. aMte AnaMdazaMkaranA ja zabdomAM kahuM to "jIvane upAdhIkRta kartutva che paNa kArayitRttva to IzvaranuM ja che. kare che jIva, karAve che Izvara"e Izvarane nata mastake vaMdana karuM chuM. jenI icchA, AziSa ane zaktinA kAraNe mane A kAryanA nimitta banavAnuM sadbhAgya prApta thayuM. rAmanavamI tA. 24-03-2010 dilIpa cAraNa eNsosie prophesara tattvajJAna vibhAga, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pR. kramAMka 137 140 anukramaNikA zIrSaka 1. jIvana ane sAhityadarzana 2. AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanano saMdarbha 3. AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA dArzanika ciMtanavizva (1) bhUmikA (2) bhagavadgItA (3) padarzananI saMkalanA (4) vedAMtadarzana (5) zAMkaravedAMta ane pAzcAtyaciMtana 5. ItihAsa ciMtana 6. dharmaciMtana (1) dharmanI saMkalpanA (2) dharmanuM hArda (3) hiMdudharmanI lAkSaNikatA 7. hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana (1) vedayugamAM hiMdustAnanuM dhArmika jIvana (2) saMskRtayuganI dharmabhAvanA (3) bhASAyuganuM dhArmika abhyatthAna (4) navInayuganI dharmadaSTi 8. sAhityaciMtana (1) kAvyanI vibhAvanA (ra) sAhityavicAra 9. AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananuM vivecana 10. AnaMdazaMkaranI ciMtanapratibhA pariziSTa-1 jIvanikA pariziSTa-2 vArtiko mATe pasaMda karelAM kAvyo saMdarbhasUci 193 261 277 281 287 290 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIvana ane sAhityasarjana ogaNasamI sadI bhAratIya mAnasa mATeno saMkrAtikALa hato. A samaya daramyAna bhArata upara briTiza rAjayasattAno dora pUrNapaNe sthapAI cUkayo hato. I.sa. 1857mAM ucca zikSaNanA pracAra mATe kalakattA, muMbaI ane madrAsamAM yunivarsiTIo sthApavAmAM AvI. muMbaI yunivarsiTInA abhyAsakramomAM aMgrejI, saMskRta ane phArasI bhASAone sthAna hatuM. yunivarsiTInuM zikSaNa pAmIne e yuganA ApaNA keTalAka yuvAno svadezabhAvanAthI prerAIne sudhArAvAdI AMdolanamAM joDAyelA. pariNAme pUrva ane pazcimanAM sAMskRtika paraMparA, vicAro ane mUlyo vacce tumula saMgharSa pedA thayo. rAjakIya, sAmAjika, sAhityika ane dhArmika ema sarva kSetromAM mULabhUta parivartano thavA lAgyAM. dezamAM cAlI rahelA AvA saMkrAMtinA samayamAM tArIkha 22mI jAnyuArI 1869nA roja amadAvAdamAM vaDanagarA nAgara gRhastha jJAtimAM AnaMdazaMkara dhruvano janma thayo. dharmanA uttama saMskAro emane vArasAmAM ja maLelA. pariNAme bALapaNathI ja AnaMdazaMkaranI dharmavRtti sateja hatI. ema.e.,elaela.bI. sudhInA yunivarsiTI zikSaNa uparAMta bhAratIya pradarzanonA saMskRta graMthono mULa abhyAsa AnaMdazaMkare mithilAnA paMDito pAse karyo hato. Ama teoe bhAratIya vicAra paraMparAne mULasotI AtmasAta karI hatI. dharma pratye jIvaMta rasa temaja utkaTa vidyAprItine kAraNe emaNe saMskRtanA aneka graMthonuM jAte paNa UMDuM adhyayana kareluM. saMskRta dharmagraMthonI sAthe sAthe tarkazAstra ane nyAyazAstrano paNa temaNe gahana abhyAsa karelo. I.sa. 1893mAM gujarAta kaoNlejamAM saMskRtanA prAdhyApaka tarIke AnaMdazaMkara niyukta thayA. sattAvIza varSa sudhI emaNe gujarAta kaoNlejamAM adhyApananuM kAma karyuM. te daramyAna AnaMdazaMkara nyAya, tattvajJAna ane aMgrejI sAhitya paNa zIkhavatA. A kAraNe temaNe aMgrejI temaja saMskRta sAhityanA graMtho temaja pAzcAtya ane bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA graMthono saghana abhyAsa karyo hato. khAsa karIne bhAratIya tattvajJAna temaja hiMdudharmanA graMthonuM emaNe UMDANathI parizIlana kareluM. aMte emanI tattvabhAvanA temaja dharmabhAvanA zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitamAM sthira thaI hatI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva darzana ane ciMtana amadAvAdamAM adhyApaka tarIkenI nokarImAMthI mukta thayA ane gAMdhIjI tathA sara ela.e.zAhanA sUcanane mAna ApI, paMDita madanamohana mAlaviyAjInA nimaMtraNathI AnaMdazaMkara I.sa. 1920mAM banArasa gayA. banArasa hiMdu vizvavidyAlayamAM saMskRtanA adhyApaka, senTrala hiMdu kolejanA AcArya ane prathama upakulapati jevA mAnanIya pado I.sa. 1936mAM nivRtta thatAM sudhI emaNe zobhAvyAM. | zikSaNa AnaMdazaMkara mATe vyavasAya na hato paraMtu dharma hato. vIseka varSa banArasamAM rahIne emaNe dUra rahyuM paNa gurjara vidvattAno dhvaja bhAratabharamAM pharakato rAkhyo hato. gujarAtamAM vedAMtanA prakhara vicAraka zrI maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedInA avasAna pachI 'sudarzana'nuM taMtrIpada AnaMdazaMkare 1898 thI 1902 sudhI saMbhALyuM hatuM. I.sa. 1902thI emaNe potAnA svataMtra sAhitya patra 'vasaMta'no AraMbha karyo, je emaNe 1938 sudhI calAvyuM. banArasa hiMdu yunivarsiTInA pro.vAIsa cAnselaranA sevAkALa daramyAna AnaMdazaMkaranuM nAma deza-videzamAM eka samartha ciMtaka tarIke jANItuM thayeluM. InDiyana philosophikala koMgresanA bIjA tathA cothA adhivezanamAM, "sarvadharmapariSadamAM, "jaina dharma pracAraka sabhA' ane orienTala konpharansanA tattvajJAna vibhAga vagere adhivezanamAM AnaMdazaMkare pramukha sthAnethI dharmatattvaciMtana viSayaka vyAkhyAno ApelAM. I.sa.1928mAM navamI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA AnaMdazaMkara pramukha hatA. InTara-yunivarsiTI borDanA adhyakSa tarIke emaNe kAma karyuM hatuM. banArasathI 1934mAM AnaMdazaMkara nivRtta thaIne amadAvAda pAchA AvyA. e pachIno emano samaya dharmaciMtanamAM temaja lekhana pravRttimAM vItyo. sAtamI eprila 1942nA roja emanuM avasAna thayuM. zikSaNa, sAhitya, dharma, tattvajJAnanA kSetramAM potAnI AgavI ciMtana pratibhAne temaNe AjIvana jIvaMta rAkhI. satata pAMca dAyakA sudhI zikSaNanI pravRtti sAthe joDAyelA rahI AnaMdazaMkare ApaNA tattvajJAna, dharma ane sAhityanA nUtana bhASyakAranA rUpamAM abhinava samajaNa ApI che. saMskRta temaja aMgrejI bhASA para abhUtapUrva prabhutva dharAvatA hovA chatAM, gujarAtI bhASAmAM ja potAnA vicAro vyakta karI AnaMdazaMkare mAtRbhASAnI ananya sevA karI che. pariNAma svarUpa gujarAtI sAhitya ciMtanamAM ApaNane ananya evA sattvazIla graMtho prApta thayA che. ApaNo dharma' (1916) AnaMdazaMkaranA dharma ane tattvajJAna viSayaka lekhono saMgraha che. "jiMdagIbhara temaNe karelA dharmatattvanA ciMtana, anveSaNa, arthadarzanano saMpUrNa prakAza "ApaNo dharma'mAM jhilAyelo che". (arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanI vikAsarekhA, bhAga 1, pR.114) "ApaNo dharma'nuM saMpAdana zrI rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha pAThake karyuM hatuM. "ApaNo For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIvana ane sAhityasarjana dharmamAM saMgrahita lekho nibaMdha svarUpe che. A nibaMdhonA nirUpaNano mukhya viSaya tattvajJAna ane dharmanA mULagAmI hAIne pragaTa karavAno che. temAM hiMdudharma vizenA emanA jIvanabharano tAtparyArtha atyaMta rasaprada zailImAM rajU thayo che. 'hiMdu dharmanI bALapothI' (1918) dvArA AnaMdazaMkare hiMdudharmanuM rahasya bahujana samAja mATe pragaTa karyuM che. A nAnakaDuM pustaka hiMdudharma viSenA pAyAnA mahattvanA badhA ja viSayonI jANakArI rasabharI zailImAM pUrI pADe che. A pustakamAM AnaMdazaMkare jJAna sAthe tattvajJAnanI gUMthaNI karI che. graMthanI gahanatA joIne gAMdhIjIe tene "vRddhapothI' kahIne oLakhAvI che. 'hiMdudharmanI bALapothI' zALAnA vidyArthIo ane sAmAnya janasamUhane dhyAnamAM rAkhI racelI hovAthI, emAM AnaMdazaMkaranI lekhana zailI sAdI-saraLa chatAM kRtrima nathI. "paramezvarane oLakhavo, ene bhajavo, ene gamatAM kAma karavA ane e rIte ApaNuM ane sau jIvonuM kalyANa karavuM enuM nAma dharma" (hiMdudharmanI bALapothI, pR.9) e pramANe dharmanI saraLa chatAM gaMbhIra vyAkhyA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara dharmanAM hArdarUpa tattvo, jJAna, bhakti, karma ane sadAcAra e sarvene uparokta vyAkhyAmAM yathArtha rIte samAve che. dharmavarNana' e pustaka AnaMdazaMkare vidyArthI- upayogI dharmazikSaNa mATe lakheluM che. emAM emaNe jagatanA moTA dharmonI rUparekhA dorI ApI che. hiMdudharmanI mukhya traNa zAkhAo vedadharma, jainadharma ane bauddhadharmanuM A pustakamAM vigate varNana ApeluM che. temaja ApaNA dezamAM bahArathI AvIne vaselA cAra dharmo jarathostIdharma, yahUdI dharma, khristI dharma ane IslAmadharmanuM paNa vigate varNana karyuM che. A uparAMta hiMdustAna bahAranA dezomAM pravartamAna kula cha dharmo -bebiloniyAno dharma, prAcIna Ijiptano dharma, prAcIna grIsano dharma, prAcIna romano dharma ane jApAnano dharmanuM varNana paNa kareluM che. A pustaka temanA vicAra tATadhdhanuM uttama udAharaNa che eTaluM ja nahIM temanI guNAnurAgitAnuM paNa uttama udAharaNa che. A pustaka zALAmAM zIkhavavA mATe taiyAra karyuM hovAthI, AnaMdazaMkara dharmonuM hArda samajAvavA mATe kathAnakono paNa Azraya lIdho che. temaja anya dharmanA siddhAMtonuM varNana paNa temanA virodhI aMzone dhyAnamAM laIne nahi paNa temanA samAna aMzone dhyAnamAM rAkhI samanvayakArI bhAvane anulakSIne karyuM che. dareka pAThane aMte keTalAMka jarUrI sUcano paNa temaNe ApelAM che. te ghaNAM mArgadarzaka bane che. "hiMdu (vada) dharma' (1919) e zikSako mATe upakAraka thAya e hetuthI lakhavAmAM AvyuM che. "hiMdudharmanI bALapothI" ane "dharmavarNana' khAsa karIne vidyArthIone lakSamAM rAkhIne AnaMdazaMkare lakhyAM hatAM. paraMtu e varNanamAM samAvelI hakIkata karatAM zikSakonuM potAnuM jJAna vadhAre vyApaka hovuM joIe. te mATe zikSakone upayogamAM AvI zake tevuM dharmanuM varNanAtmaka jJAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana ApavA mATe AnaMdazaMkare A pustaka racyuM che. ApaNA dezamAM prajAno moTo bhAga hiMdudharmamAM mAnato hovAthI AnaMdazaMkare hiMduveda dharmanI badhI ja vizeSatAo A pustakamAM saMdarbha sahita rajU karI che. vedasaMhitAthI AraMbhI ApaNI saMtaparaMparA sudhI vistarelA hiMdudharmanA sArvatrika vikAsane temaNe pustakamAM suMdara rIte darzAvyo che. nItizikSaNa' e pustaka lakhavAno AnaMdazaMkarano mukhya hetu nItizikSaNa ApavAno che. A pustakamAM hiMdudharmanA dharmagraMthonA AdhAre TUMkI TUMkI 90 bodhakathAo temaNe AlekhI che. A rIte "nItizikSaNa', 'hiMdu (vada)dharma', "dharmavarNana', ane hiMdudharmanI bALapothI" e cAra pustakomAM dharma sAmAnyanuM, prAcIna hiMdudharmanuM temaja duniyAnA mukhya dharmonuM AnaMdazaMkare saraLa nirUpaNa karyuM che. "ApaNo dharma', e A viSayano AkAra graMtha che. zrIbhASya' adhyAya 2,3,4 brahmasUtra uparanA rAmAnujAcAryanA bhASyano AnaMdazaMkare gujarAtI anuvAda karyo che. A bhASAMtara AnaMdazaMkare "zrIbhASyanI judI judI AvRttio uparathI karela saMpAdana che. A bhASAMtaramAM AnaMdazaMkaranI anuvAdaka tarIkenI UMDI sUjha jovA maLe che. A bhASAMtaramAM AnaMdazaMkara rAmAnujAcAryanA samagradarzananuM spaSTa pratibiMba jhIlI zakyA che. zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitamAM jovA maLatI tattvavicAranI utkaTatAno rAmAnujAcAryanA tattvadarzanamAM abhAva che ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara rAmAnujAcAryanA darzanane sAMpradAyikatAthI bhareluM gaNAve che. Ama chatAM teo rAmAnujAcAryanA ciMtananI mahattA paNa spaSTa rIte nANI Ape che. AnaMdazaMkare karelAM be saMpAdanomAM eka malliSeNasUrikRta 'syAddhAda maMjarI'nuM saMpAdana che. A saMpAdanamAM 125 pAnAMno pravezaka AnaMdazaMkare aMgrejImAM lakhyo che. A pravezakamAM temanuM bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA mULa graMthonuM agAdha jJAna abhivyakta thayuM che. AnaMdazaMkaranuM bIjuM saMpAdana bauddha nyAyano graMtha "nyAyapravezaka che. A saMpAdana paNa aMgrejImAM thayeluM che. temAM temanI tAtparya grahaNa zaktino vAcakane suMdara paricaya thAya che. sAhityavicAra' (1941) ane "kAvyatattvavicAra' (1939) e AnaMdazaMkaranA sAhityaviSayaka lekhonA saMgraho che. "sAhityavicAra' mAM sAhitya pariSadonA vividha adhivezanomAM AnaMdazaMkare ApelAM vyAkhyAno temaja yunivarsiTI dIkSAMta samAraMbhomAM AnaMdazaMkare ApelA keLavaNI viSayaka vyAkhyAnono samAveza thayelo che. A uparAMta gujarAtanA ane gujarAta bahAranA sarjako ane temanI kRtio aMge AnaMdazaMkare karelA vivecanono paNa emAM samAveza thAya che. "kAvyatattvavicAra' nA prathama khaMDamAM AnaMdazaMkaranA kavitA tattvaviSayaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIvana ane sAhityasarjana vicArone kramabaddha lekha svarUpe mUkavAmAM AvyA che. A lekhone AdhAre AnaMdazaMkaranA kAvya vicAro yathArtha rUpe samajI zakAya che, eTaluM ja nahIM paurvAtya ane pAzcAtya kAvya paraMparAnI sacoTa samajaNa joI zakAya che. teo A banne paraMparAmAM sarakhI rIte pAraMgata che. A pustakanA bIjA khaMDamAM temaNe karelAM graMthAvalokanono samAveza che. A banne pustako gujarAtI sAhitya vivecanamAM sImAcihnarUpa manAya che. 'digdarzana' (1942) e AnaMdazaMkaranA ItihAsa, keLavaNI ane vividha graMthAvalokanonA lekhono saMgraha che. moTe bhAge A ItihAsa viSayaka lekho prAcIna ItihAsane lagatA che. keLavaNI viSayaka lekhomAM keLavaNInI vibhAvanA spaSTa karavAnI sAthe sAthe AnaMdazaMkare keLavaNInI prakriyAne lagatA vyavahAra praznonI paNa carcA karI che. emanA ahIM samAviSTa graMthAvalokano paNa khUba ja rasaprada che. A pustakanuM saMpAdana zrI rA.vi.pAThake karyuM che. 'digdarzana'nA upoddhAtamAM zrI rA.vi.pAThaka AnaMdazaMkaranA lekhone mUlavatAM lakhe che : A pustakanA lekho jotAM ekaMdare chApa evI paDe che ke, jo ke eka sAmAnya nIti tarIke ane e potAnA svabhAvane vadhAre svAbhAvika hatuM. tethI, teo sarvatra potAnA vyaktitvane "huM" ne dUra ja rAkhIne lakhatA, to paNa jANe A lekhomAM ApaNe emanI vadhAre nikaTa AvIe chIe. jANe AcAryazrInA zravaNakhaMDamAMthI ApaNe emanA dIvAnakhAnAmAM jaIe chIe, jyAM teo pAghaDI ane koTa utArIne hIMcakA para beThA beThA ughADe mAthe ApaNI sAthe kaMIka vAto kare che, kavacit hase che ane potAnI aMgata lAgaNIone paNa AvI jatI hoya to AvavA de che." (sAhityaloka, pR.63). vicAramAdhurI' (1946) bhAga 1 ane 2 e AnaMdazaMkaranA keLavaNI viSayaka ane samAjaviSayaka lekhonA saMgraho che. A saMgrahamAM moTe bhAge AnaMdazaMkaranA jUnA leMkhono saMgraha che. "vicAramAdhurI' bhAga 1mAM prathama be lekho rasacarcAnA che. temaNe karelI kAvyacarcAnA anya lekhonuM anusaMdhAna ahIM joI zakAya che. A pustakamAM saMgrahita thayelA lekhomAM ghaNo moTo bhAga zikSaNa vizenA lekhono che. temAM temaNe keLavaNInI nAnAmAM nAnI vAto AvarI lIdhI che. A pustakamAM saMgrahita keTalAka lekho saMsAra sudhArA vizenA paNa che. bhAratIya saMskRtinI paraMparAnA samarthaka rahevA chatAM temaNe saMsAra sudhArAnI AvazyakatA paNa svIkArI che. A uparAMta gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara dvArA AnaMdazaMkara dhruva zreNI aMtargata AnaMdazaMkaranA samagra sarjana kAryanuM punarmudraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. A zreNImAM viSayavAra lekhonI phALavaNI karI jarUra lAge tyAM pheraphAra karI AnaMdazaMkaranA samagra sAhityane prakAzita karavAnI prazaMsanIya kAmagIrI sAhitya akAdamIe karI che. A lekhonuM saMpAdana For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana zrI yazavata zukla, dhIru parIkha ane vinoda adhvaryue kareluM che. A zreNImAM nIce pramANenA graMtho prakAzita karavAmAM AvyAM che : (1) dharmavicAra, bhAga 1 (2) dharmavicAra, bhAga 2 (3) sAhityavicAra (4) keLavaNIvicAra (5) ItihAsa-samAja vicAra tathA anya D 0 0 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanano saMdarbha gujarAtamAM narmadAzaMkara (I.sa.1833 thI 1886)thI zarU thayeluM saMskRticiMtana ogaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM tenI pUrNatAne pAme che. aMgrejI keLavaNIthI prabhAvita thaI ApaNA dezamAM je janaAMdolano cAlyAM tenI asara gujarAtamAM paNa vyApakapaNe thaI sudhArAvAdIo ane punarutthAnavAdI vicAradhArAonA pramukha pracArako gujarAtamAM paNa te arasAmAM thaI gayA. gujarAtamAM pUrvanarmada, karasanadAsa, bhoLAnAtha, mahipatarAma, ramaNabhAI, narasiMharAva ane maNizaMkara bhaTTa 'kAnta) e badhA paMDitayuganA ciMtako upara pazcimanA vicAranI ghaNI asara joI zakAya che. A badhA ciMtako gujarAtamAM sudhArAvAdIo kahevAyA. paraMtu zrI rA.vi. pAThaka lakhe che tema sudhArAvAdIonuM AkhuM AMdolana eka rIte paradeza ane parasaMskRtinA anukaraNa samAna hatuM. brahmosamAja ane prArthanAsamAja A rIte parasaMskRtinA anukaraNa samAna hoI vyApaka svIkAra pAmI zakyA nahIM. tenA prati AMdolanamAM ApaNe tyAM dharmamAnasane anukULa rIte samAja sudhArAnI eka navI praNAlikA zarU thaI. gujarAtamAM A paMraparAnA pramukha pratinidhio govardhanarAma, maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkara che. paMDitayuganA A badhA ciMtako gujarAtamAM punarutthAnavAdIo kahevAyA. A varga hiMdudharmamAM pravezelA vahemono nAza Icchato hato. nItirItimAM dhIme dhIme sudhAro thAya ema Icchato hato paNa tene hiMdu saMskRtino parAbhava nahoto joIto, punarutthAna joItuM hatuM. (arvAcIna ciMtanAtmaka gadya, pR.102) sudhArAvAdIo ane punarutthAnavAdIo samakSa kharo prazna e hato ke ghaTapaTamAM rAcatI jaDa philasUphIne jIvaMta kema rAkhavI ? arthAt tarkabAjI maTADI sAcI samajaNa rUpe ene zI rIte vistAravI? bIjo paNa prazna ene maLato ja hato ke vicAra saMgatimAMthI niSpanna thato dharma arvAcIna jIvananI jarUriyAtone susaMgata ke aviruddha kema karavo? "deze taravuM hoya to teno dharma ane tenI philasUphI jIvana abhimukha na hoya to jIvana abhimukha karavAM paDe For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana ane A samAna ISTa dhyeya siddha karavAmAM ApaNA vicArakoe zakti anusAra kartavya karyuM che." (arvAcIna ciMtanAtmaka gadya, pR. 123) paMDitayugano jIvanavicAra A rIte dhamakendrI rahyo che. dharmakendrI e arthamAM ke paMDita yugane jIvanasudhAraNAnI gurucAvI dharmazraddhAmAM hovAnuM jaNAyuM ane tethI dharmanirNayanI AvazyakatA eNe sauthI pahelI anubhavI. paMDitayuganI dharmacarcAno eka mukhya dora advaita vedAMtanI pratiSThA ane tenA pratikArano che. vedAMtamata viSe e samayamAM vyApaka AkSepa hato ke vedAMtamAM AtmAne alipta gaNavAmAM Ave che, ane emAM pApI paNa potAnA pApano bacAva karI zake che. eTale ke vedAMtamatamAMthI naitika AcaraNanI preraNA maLatI nathI. AvA AkSepone anusarI gujarAtamAM ramaNabhAI, narasiMharAva ane kAMte vedAMtano prabaLa virodha karyo. "vedAMtano tiraskAra e ramaNabhAI, narasiMharAva ane kAMtane joDato eka samAna aMkoDo che." (arvAcIna ciMtanAtmaka gadya, pR.91) sudhAraka yugamAM pAzcAtya ane bhAratIya saMskArono je saMghAta thayo te paMDita yugamAM tIvra saMgharSanI koTie pahoMce che. eka vyApaka dRSTibiMdu evuM hatuM ke pAzcAtya saMskRti aihika ane bhautika sukhavAdI ne svArthalakSI che, bhAratIya saMskRti AdhyAtmika ane kalyANalakSI che. pAzcAtya saMskRtinA bhaitikavAdanI vinAzakatAnI noMdha laI maNilAle tenI ugra AlocanA karI che. Ama chatAM kharI vastusthiti e hatI ke pAzcAtya saMskRtinA prabhAvanA ghaNA vidheyAtmaka aMzo hatA. tenI avagaNanA ke asvIkAra na ja thaI zake. aMgrejI rAjyamAM pararAjayanA ghaNA doSo che ema jANavA chatAM sAmAnya rIte paMDita yuganA sAkSaro enA samarthaka rahyA che. emAM IzvarIya saMketa joyo che. ane aMgrejI rAjya sAmenA gAMdhIyuganA AMdolana sAthe e bhAgye ja saMmata thaI zakyA che. AnaMdazaMkara paNa yuropIya saMskRtinI aihikatAnA TIkAkAra che, paNa e saMskRti ne enI keLavaNI jevI saMsthAothI thayelA lAbhano e svIkAra kare che. eTaluM ja nahi, AgaLa jatAM potAnA jIvanavicAramAM e pAzcAtya saMskRtie prerelI ghaNI mUlya vibhAvanAono vizALa dRSTie samAsa karatA jAya che. rASTrIyatAno khyAla e aMgrejI saMskRtinI deNa hatI A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara sAco ja savAla kare che ke briTiza rAjayanA Agamana pahelAM dezanuM bhaviSya" e vicAra paNa koIne sUjhato hato ? (vyApana, pR.14) aMgrejI keLavaNIne pariNAme ApaNA sarva vicArako navI daSTie vicAratA thayA. temanAmAM bhAratIya jIvana pratye cikitsAtmaka valaNa jovA maLe che. pariNAme maNilAla sivAyanA lagabhaga badhA paMDita yuganA ciMtakoe bhAratIya saMskRtimAM keTalAka aniSTa aMzo hovAnuM ke keTalAka aMzo aprastuta banI gayA hovAnuM svIkAryuM che. AnaMdazaMkare aitihAsika paddhatie ghaNA saMskAronuM svArasya pragaTa karyuM paNa e sAthe ja vartamAna jIvanamAM enI sArthaktA rahetI nathI ke ghaNI maryAdita For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanano saMdarbha thaI jAya che ema paNa emaNe sUcana karyuM che. emaNe sAcA brAhmaNajIvanano mahimA karavA sAthe vartamAna samayamAM e varNanI thayelI avanatinI paNa khAsa carcA karI che. pazcimanA prabhAva heThaLa je sAmAjika sudhArAno pravAha cAlyo eno eka muddo hato varNavyavasthA ane jJAtibaMdhananA tyAgano. maNilAla cAturvaryanA samarthaka rahyA che. emAM aspRzyatAnuM paNa samarthana AvI jAya. paraMtu maNilAlanA jIvanakALamAM aspRzyatAno prazna AgaLa Avyo nahoto. AnaMdazaMkarane A praznano mukAbalo karavAno Avyo. emaNe aspRzyatA aMgenA zAstrokta AdhAro cakAsI ApyA ane emAM aspRzyatAnuM samarthana nathI evuM tAtparya kADhyuM. paMDita yuga daramyAna pUrva ane pazcimanA A mUlya saMgharSamAM koIpaNa eka pakSe rahevuM jo ke ayogya hatuM. prAcInamArgI, paraMparAvAdI vicAro navA vicAro sAme aprastuta TharatA hatA. to vaLI kevaLa paradezI jaNAtI navI vicAraNAno paNa saMpUrNa svIkAra zakya nahoto. A saMjogomAM sAco mArga "saMskArasamanvaya"no hato. AnaMdazaMkaramAM A samanvaya daSTinuM pravartana jovA maLe che. A rIte paMDita yugamAM AnaMdazaMkarane eka samanvayakArI vicAraka tarIke pramANI zakAya che. Ama chatAM AnaMdazaMkaranA samagra sarjana kAryano jhoka jotAM, temane punarutthAnavAdI paraMparAmAM ja mUkI zakAya. Akhare to AnaMdazaMkare paNa maNilAlanI vicAradhArAne ja puraskArI che. maNilAlano pakSa karatAM AnaMdazaMkare kahyuM che ke "maNilAlane sudhArAnA virodhI gaNavAmAM AvyA te ghaNuM khoTuM thayuM che. (vyApana, pR.25) tAtparya ke maNilAla sudhArAnA virodhI na hatA ema AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. punarutthAnavAdI vicAradhArAnuM mUlyAMkana karatAM zrI viSNuprasAda trivedI noMdhe che ke, "loka ane dezanI vyakti ane AkhA maMDalanI prakRti ane aitihAsika bhAvanA upara saMpUrNa lakSa jevuM punarutthAnavAdIomAM jovA maLe che tevuM "sudhArAvALAomAM nathI. maNilAla, govardhanarAma, AnaMdazaMkara, ba.ka.ThAkora AdinI vicAraNAnuM A viziSTa lakSaNa che". (arvAcIna ciMtanAtmaka gadya, pR.134) zrI viSNuprasAda trivedInI A vAta ghaNI sAcI jaNAya che. tema chatAM ahIM e paNa noMdhavuM joIe ke AkhA maMDalanI prakRti ane aitihAsika bhAvanA tarapha kyAM keTaluM lakSa ApavuM e viSe A sAkSaromAM vividha matabhedo paNa hatA. dekhItuM che ke koIpaNa yuganA jIvanadarzanane-tenA AcAravicAranA dhoraNone alaga rUpamAM, nirapekSapaNe na samajI zakAya. AgaLa pAchaLanI avasthitinA saMdarbhamAM ja, temanI sAthe tulanA karIne ja te samajI zakAya." (bhAratIya saMskAra paraMparA ane ApaNo vartamAna, pR.3) e nyAye AnaMdazaMkaranA paMDita yugamAMnA sthAnane tapAsatAM temanAM ciMtanane narmada, govardhanarAma, maNilAla, narasiMharAva, ramaNabhAI vagerenA ciMtana saMdarbhe ja mUlavavuM paDe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva darzana ane ciMtana aMgrejI keLavaNIne lIdhe pazcimI saMskRtinA saMparkamAM AvelA ApaNA yuvAnonI gujarAtamAM narmade netAgIrI lIdhI hatI. yuvAnavaye narmada hiMdudharma sAme paDakAra karyo, paNa narmadano A jusso lAMbo samaya kyo nahi. uttarAvasthAmAM narmada sanAtanI bane che. narmadanA adhUrA rahelA kAryane maNilAla saMbhALe che. dharma, nIti athavA sudhArAnA tattva viSeno nirNaya karyA vinA mArI jiMdagI sukhamAM ke nizcita mArge javAnI nathI ema maNilAlano daDha Agraha hato. vedAMtanA sarvAtmavAdanA siddhAMtamAM maNilAlanI zraddhA deDha thaI hatI. dharma saMbaMdhI nizcaya vinA nItinI racanA na thaI zake. dharmavihIna nIti kRtrima che ke manuSyane mAtra upayogI yaMtra banAve che evo maNilAlano nirNaya hato. AnaMdazaMkara maNilAlanA A nIti siddhAMtano sAra karatAM lakhe che : "dharma e manuSyanA AtmAnuM UMDuM rahasya che ane enA upara enI sarva pravRttino AdhAra che. dharma sAro to pravRtti sArI, eTale pravRtti siddha karavA mATe ane te dvArA janamaMDaLamAM gRha-rAjaya vagere sarva aMgone Arogya ane baLa arpavA mATe dharmanI parizuddhi karavAnI jarUra che. A parizuddhinuM mukhya sAdhana prAcIna AryAvartamAM pravartatI advaitanI bhAvanA che, A advaitabhAvanA je "vedAMta' nAme oLakhAya che, te kevaLa zuSka tarkajALa' rUpa na rahetAM prema (Love) ane kartavya (Duty) nA manohara staMbha upara racAyelI ImArata che" (sAhityavicAra, pR. 201) Aja saMdarbhamAM maNilAlanA ciMtanano uddeza samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che : "temanA sarva ciMtanano uddeza eka che-abhedAnubhava. dharmamAM, nItimAM, gRhamAM, kAvyamAM abhedAnubhavane anukULa te sAruM, pratikULa te khoTuM." (sAhityavicAra, pR.498) A abhedAnubhavanI daSTie maNilAle ApaNA saghaLA praznone sau prathama dArzanika dRSTithI tapAsyA che. ApaNA dharmamAnasane anukULa hoya te rIte kAma karavAnI eka navI praNAlikA anusAra je kaMI prazno UbhA thayA enuM ciMtanAtmaka, mananAtmaka ke dArzanika rUpa ApaNe maNilAlamAM joIe chIe. (dharmavicAra-2, pR.405) AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruve maNilAlanuM A kArya yathArtha rIte AgaLa calAvyuM che. paMDita ane vicAraka tarIke AnaMdazaMkarane maNilAlanA anuja gaNavAmAM Ave che. govardhanarAmanA darzananuM preraka tattva kalA hatuM. maNilAlamAM vedAMta hatuM to AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM e tattva keLavaNInuM hatuM. paMDitayugamAM govardhanarAmanuM ciMtana pradhAnarUpe sarjanAtmaka sAhityamAM avataryuM che, to maNilAle advaitano pakSapAta karyo. govardhanarAma ane maNilAlano hetu samAna hovA chatAM vicAravAhana bhinna hovAthI govardhanarAmanuM sthAna alaga rahe che. tethI AnaMdazaMkarane maNilAlanA uttarAdhikArI gaNI zakAya. (dArzanika pravAho, pR.210) jo ke narmade maNilAlane soMpyuM hatuM tema, maNilAle potAnuM adhUruM raheluM kArya AnaMdazaMkarane athavA anya koI samAnadharmAne pratyakSa soMpyAnuM jANavA maLyuM nathI. tema chatAM eTaluM to cokkasa che ke potAnA "jayeSTha vidyAbaMdhu' kahIne AnaMdazaMkare maNilAlanI nItine sudarzana'mAM lekho lakhIne anumodI hatI. maNilAlanA mRtyu bAda "sudarzana'nuM taMtrIpada For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanano saMdarbha saMbhALI laI AnaMdazaMkare maNilAlanI vicAraNAne vadhu udAra bhUmikA upara mUkavAno prayAsa karyo hato. Ama chatAM thoDo vakhata "sudarzana'nuM taMtrIpada saMbhALyA pachI AnaMdazaMkarane lAgyuM ke potAnI vicArazreNI sudarzana mATe barAbara baMdhabesatI nahotI eTale temaNe potAne saMpUrNa chUTa maLe evA hetuthI "vasaMta' (1902) nAmanuM navuM mAsika kADhI te dvArA potAnA dharma-ciMtana, sAhitya ane keLavaNI viSayaka lekho lakhI gujarAtI ciMtana sAhityamAM potAnuM AgavuM pradAna zarU karyuM. sudhArAnA ke tattvadarzananA amuka siddhAMtane badale jIvanane vizALa kSetramAM vagara praNAlikAe vahevA devuM e AnaMdazaMkarane mana "vasaMta' no uddeza hato. A uddeza ja maNilAla karatAM temanI vicArapaddhatinA tAttvika bhedanuM sUcana kare che. maNilAlanI jema AnaMdazaMkara prAcIna AryabhAvanAnA pUjaka hatA, paNa e bhAvanAnA "Missionary yAne AcArya na hatA. maNilAlane e bhAvanA eka sAdA rUpamAM advaitasiddhAMtanA rUpamAM dekhAtI hatI. to AnaMdazaMkarane e bhAvanA saMkula ane anekaraMgI taMtuonI banelI pratIta thatI hatI. advaitasiddhAMtane paramasiddhAMta tarIke mAnatA hovA chatAM AnaMdazaMkara anya siddhAMtone paNa Arya bhAvanAnA vistAraka ja mAnatA hatA. sarva siddhAMtone advaitamAM laya pamADavA ke mithyA sAbita karavAno AnaMdazaMkarano prayatna nathI. teo anya siddhAMtone advaitanI sAthe rAkhIne ja vicAre che. joke e paNa eTaluM ja satya che ke maNilAlanA paricayamAM AvyA pachI ja AnaMdazaMkaramAM dharma-ciMtana pratyenuM AkarSaNa jovA maLe che. "AnaMdazaMkaranA lakhANomAMnI dharma temaja tattvajJAna vizenI ghaNI vicAraNAonI pUrvapIThikA maNilAlanA lakhANomAM maLI rahe che. (maNilAla nabhubhAI sAhitya sAdhanA-prastAvanA, pR.9) Ama, AnaMdazaMkaranI mULa preraNA maNilAlamAMthI udbhavI che, temaja baMnenAM lakhANomAM ghaNuM sAmya che. tethI AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanane barAbara samajavA mATe maNilAlanA daSTibiMdu sAthe tenI sarakhAmaNI karavAthI AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananAM vyAvartaka lakSaNo tAravI zakAya che. svAmI vivekAnaMda ane DaoN.rAdhAkRSNananI haroLamAM AvI zake tevuM ciMtana ApanAra maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkara e gujarAtI ciMtana sAhityane maLelA be moTA gajAnA vidvAno che. maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkaramAM aneka bAbatomAM sAmya raheluM che. baMne saMskRtipremI, svadezahitaciMtaka, AryadharmaciMtaka che. baMnenI zraddhA zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitamAM sthira thayelI hatI. baMne dharmanA svarUpane vizALa pariprekSyamAM vicAre che. baMne jIvananA kendramAM dharmane sthApe che. bhAratIya dharma ane tattvajJAna para karavAmAM AvatA AkSeponA baMne e samartha pratyuttara ApelA che. bhAratIya ciMtanaparaMparAmAM rahelA dharma ane tattvajJAnanA avirodhane baMne ApaNA dharma-ciMtananI AgavI vizeSatA gaNAve che. baMne advaitanI bhUmikA para ja tattvajJAnanA sarvocca siddhAMtonuM pratipAdana kare che. baMnenA ciMtanamAM pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanA siddhAMtonI advaita vedAMta sAthe tulanA jovA maLe che. baMne e ApaNA purANasAhityane dharmasAhityamAM pratiSThita karyuM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana joke ATaluM hovA chatAM baMnenI nirUpaNa paddhatimAM ghaNo taphAvata rahelo che : (1) maNilAlamAM siddhAMta sthApanAmAM eka prakAranuM AgrahapaNuM jovA maLe che. tenI sarakhAmaNIe AnaMdazaMkaranI prakRti svastha, saumya ane tethI taTastha hovAne kAraNe siddhAMta sthApanAmAM AnaMdazaMkaranuM dRSTibiMdu samanvayakArI jovA maLe che. (2) maNilAla potAnA matanA samarthanamAM kyAreka aprastutatAno paNa Azraya letA jaNAya che. dharmanI sAthe keTalAka camatkArone paNa teoe mAnyatA ApelI : "siddhAMtasAra' ane prANavinimayamAM teoe yogika prakriyA ane camatkArone paNa dharmanI sAthe pramANyA che, jayAre AnaMdazaMkara potAnA matanA samarthanamAM zuddha ane yogya pramANono viveka pura:sara upayoga kare che. (3) advaitasiddhAMtamAM baMnee tattvajJAnanuM sarvocca biMdu nihALyuM che. paraMtu maNilAlanI jema AnaMdazaMkara advaitanA ja pakSakAra banI rahetA nathI. temanI daSTi vadhu udAra ane vadhu vizALa pratIta thAya che. (4) dharmanA viSayamAM tulanA ane sarakhAmaNIne sthAna che. paraMtu tulanA karatI vakhate maNilAla kyAreka be pakSo vaccenA virodhane pahoLo karI de che, jyAre AnaMdazaMkara baMne pakSane zakya teTalA najIka lAvavAno prayatna kare che. (pa) dharmanA viSayamAM zraddhAtattvanI sAthe sAthe buddhitattvane paNa ucita sthAna che. e vicArano prAraMbha maNilAle karyo. paraMtu buddhino jJAnasAdhana tarIke puraskAra AnaMdazaMkare karyo che. "AnaMdazaMkaranI jagadavaicitrya ane saMsAravaicitryanI samaja vadhAre vAstavika che." (upAyana, pR.264) (6) pAzcAtya tattvajJAnano AnaMdazaMkarano abhyAsa vadhu talasparzI hovAthI, AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmatattvaciMtana zuddha ane sarvocca jJAnanI avasthAo pahoMce che, jayAre maNilAlanuM ciMtana paraMparAnA pracAranA uddezathI prerAyeluM hovAthI, temanuM dharmatattvaciMtana zuddhatAmAM pariNamatuM nathI. paraMparAno Adara AnaMdazaMkaramAM che paNa maNilAla jevI pracArakabhAvanA AnaMdazaMkaramAM jovA maLatI nathI. sudhArAvAdIo tarapha AnaMdazaMkaranuM valaNa saumya che. AnaMdazaMkaranuM lekhana vizada che, kaThina viSayane paNa teo rasaprada banAve che. DaoN. rAdhikA jarIvALA A saMdarbhamAM lakhe che ke : "AnaMdazaMkaranA lekhananA guNomAM prasannatA, audArya che, kaTutA nathI. maNilAlano utsAha vegIlo, vANI pravAhamAM ne dalIlomAM zuSkatAnI sAdhAraNa chAMTa kyAreka jaNAI Ave che." (dArzanika pravAho, pR.180) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanano saMdarbha 13 (8) "vicAra ane AcAranI ekatAne maNilAla 'unnata jIvana' tarIke oLakhAve che. temanA mate unnata jIvanano mukhya maMtra svAparNa ane kartavya che. maNilAlanuM A ja dRSTibiMdu AnaMdazaMkare vadhAre spaSTa karyuM che ane vikasAvyuM che, kAMIka vadhAre pratItijanaka paNa karyuM che. paramasatya ane vyavahArika satya, nItisiddhAMta ane aparokSAnubhavInuM AcaraNa, abhedabhAva ane svArthatyAga vagere padArthonA dekhAtA virodhanuM AnaMdazaMkare samAdhAna karyuM che. emAM maNilAla karatAM AnaMdazaMkaramAM upapatti vizeSa lAgaze." (dArzanika pravAho, pR.133) (9) maNilAla karatAM AnaMdazaMkaranI vicAraNAmAM bhaktipAtra IzvaranuM ane bhaktinuM sthAna vizeSa spaSTa ane vizeSa mahattvanuM che. zuSka vedAMtacarcAnI kasara maNilAlamAM sahejasAja rahI gaI che. zAbdika ke tArkika, kevaLa bhulabhulAmaNImAMthI AnaMdazaMkara mukta che. (dArzanika pravAho, pR.134) Ama, vividha tAraNothI samajI zakAya che ke maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkaranI nirUpaNa paddhatimAM cokkasa bheda rahelo che. baMnee hiMdudharmanI punarvicAraNA ane punarutthAna aMge ciMtana karyuM che. A dRSTie AnaMdazaMkarane maNilAlanA uttarAdhikArI gaNAvI zakAya. paraMtu ziSya na kahI zakAya. maNilAlanA jevI ja svadezamamatA AnaMdazaMkaramAM che. paraMtu maNilAlanuM dRSTibiMdu utsAhI vakIlanuM ja che, jayAre AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM vakIlAtane badale vizALatA, udAratA ane satyaprIti jovA maLe che. zrI rA.vi. pAThaka AnaMdazaMkaranI satya prItine samajAvatAM lakhe che: "satyathI ja dezanI sevA thaI zakaze ane vidyAnA kSetramAM to satya sivAya bIjA kazAthI vijaya maLato nathI, e AnaMdazaMkaranI nizcala pratIti hatI. potAno je dAvo che temAM jo satya hoya to e satyathI ja e dAvo jItavAno che, koI asatyathI nahIM. paNa e dAvAnuM satya barAbara zodhIne mUkavuM joIe ane AnaMdazaMkarano puruSArtha emAM rahelo che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.410) A pramANenI satyapratIti, udAratA ane vizALatAthI AnaMdazaMkare pUrva ane pazcimI ekatAnuM dRSTibiMdu sthApavA prayAsa karyo che. vedAMtI hovA chatAM zuddha keLavaNIkAra hovAne kAraNe advaita siddhAMtanA vivaraNa ane viniyogamAM maNilAlanI maryAdAne AnaMdazaMkara darzAvI ane vaTAvI zakyA che. 0 0 0 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA tattvajJAnamAM AnaMdazaMkaranA svataMtra pradAnane mUlavatAM e prazna sahaja thAya che ke AnaMdazaMkarane tattvaciMtaka kahI zakAya ? madrAsamAM 1928mAM bharAyelI caturtha InDiyana philosophikala koMgresanA pramukha tarIke ApelA vyAkhyAnamAM bezaka AnaMdazaMkaramAM eka dArzanikanAM darzana thAya che. e vyAkhyAnamAM temaNe pote ja kaheluM ke "meM pote joke koI Metaphysical cobweb' - tAttvika jALa gUMthI nathI. chatAM kabUla karuM chuM ke jagatanA mahAna karoLiyAo (Spider)nI jALonA taMtuone samajavAmAM rasa lIdho che ane vadhAre to pelA mahAnamAM mahAna UrNanAbha (karoLiyA) ke jeNe vizvane prastuta karyuM che temAM rasa lIdho che ane tethI eTalA gauNa arthamAM philasUphanuM lebala huM nakArI zakato nathI." (saMskRti - mArca, 1969, pR.102) emanA ja zabdomAM kahIe to : "Although I have not been guilty of weaving a metaphysical cobweb myself, I confess I have felt interested in following the thread of some of the cobwebs of the world's great spiders, and still more in that greatest spider himself, who has projected this world, and so far, in this minor sense, I cannot disown the label of a 'Philosopheraltogether." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.690) bhAratIya ane pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanA gaMbhIra ane marmajJa bhASyakArane dArzanika kahIe to AnaMdazaMkarane paNa dArzanika kahevAmAM ghaNI yathArthatA rahelI che. padArthanA bhAsamAna svarUpathI para ke temAM rahelAM aMtargata tattva ke rahasyane zodhanAra, samajanAra ane tArkika rIte rajU karanAra dArzanika tarIke AnaMdazaMkara gujarAtI ciMtana paraMparAnA ananya ciMtaka gaNI zakAya ema che. dharma, vijJAna, ItihAsa, rAjakAraNa, keLavaNI, sAhitya kalA vagere viSayonuM AnaMdazaMkare kareluM vizada nirUpaNa temanI tattvadaSTinuM darzana karAve che. pAzcAtya tattvajJAnamAM rahelI jJAnamImAMsAne svIkArI AnaMdazaMkare potAnI daSTinuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 15 nirUpaNa karela che.*Critical, Method'thI bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI samIkSA karavAnuM AnaMdazaMkaranuM sUcana che. teoe lakhyuM che : jo ApaNA zAstronuM rakSaNa karavuM hoya to pazcimanI vicAra paddhatine mAna ApyA vinA cAlaze nahi, - arthAt ApaNAM zAstrone RSi ke AcAryonA vacano tarIke ja pramANa kahyuM cAle tema nathI. enuM Critical daSTibiMduthI- Critical eTale niMdAnuM nahi paNa parIkSAnuM evA dRSTibiMduthI - avalokana ane rakSaNa karavAnI jarUra che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.pa65) ApaNAM zAstrono AnaMdazaMkare AvA samIkSAtmaka dRSTibiMdue ja abhyAsa karyo che. ApaNA dharma ane tattvajJAna para karavAmAM AvatAM pazcimanA AkSepone pazcimanI ja rItie athavA to ene nisteja banAvI de evI prabalatara paddhatie uttara vALavAno AnaMdazaMkarano satata prayAsa rahyo che. ApaNA pUrvajoe svIkArelI viSaya nirUpaNanI tArkika saMgatinI paddhatine sthAne AnaMdazaMkara viSaya nirUpaNanI aitihAsika paddhatinA prabaLa samarthaka rahyA che. temano Agraha hiMdanA tattvajJAnanuM ciMtana karanAra dareka abhyAsanI pharaja che ke je paddhatie thelsa ane sokreTIsathI mAMDI DArvina ane spensara vagere sudhI pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanI saMkalanA thaI che te ja paddhatie ApaNA dezanA tattvajJAnanI paNa saMkalanA karavI joIe." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.48) Ama, vartamAna samayamAM pracalita viSaya nirUpaNanI be khAsa paddhatio "samIkSAtmaka dRSTibiMdu" ane "aitihAsika saMkalanA' e AnaMdazaMkaranI jJAnamImAMsAnAM khAsa lakSaNo che. tenA parathI kahI zakAya ke AnaMdazaMkara pAzcAtya jJAnamImAMsAnA samarthaka rahyA che. joke eno artha evo nathI ke AnaMdazaMkara pAzcAtya jJAnamImAMsAnA aMdha samarthaka rahyA che. temaNe pazcimanI jJAnamImAMsAnI maryAdA paNa darzAvI che. khAsa karIne paramatattvanA svarUpa varNanamAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "tAttvika satyonI abhivyakti koI jaDa paddhatithI baMdhAyelI nathI-te prakaTa thavA mATe svataMtra che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.23) erisToTala ane kAnTanA prabhAvane kAraNe yuropamAM paddhatino atiAgraha jovA maLe che. tene AnaMdazaMkara yuropanA tattvajJAnanI khAmI gaNAve che. paddhati saMbaMdhI matAgraha e pazcimanI jJAnamImAMsAnI moTI maryAdA che. tenI sarakhAmaNIe bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM jovA maLatI tattvavicAranA nirUpaNanI prakriyA vadhu uccatara che ema AnaMdazaMkara siddha karI Ape che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana zaMkara jayaMtInA prasaMge AnaMdazaMkare ApelA vyAkhyAnamAMthI temanI tattvamImAMsAno nirdeza maLI rahe che. temanA mate : huM koIpaNa saMpradAyano nathI. mArI jIvanacaryA ja saMpradAya viruddha che. meM je jIvanavRtti svIkArI che temAM zAMkaravedAMtanuM ja nahIM paNa vallabhAcArya ane rAmAnujAcAryanA vedAMtanuM mAre adhyayana-adhyApana karavuM paDe che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa jaina ane aMgrejI tattvajJAna paNa mAre zIkhavuM-zIkhavavuM paDe che ane A ja abhyAsamAM mArAM vIsa-paccIsa varSo gayAM che, eTale koIpaNa saMpradAyane vaLagI rahevuM - tema karavuM ISTa hoya tathApi tema karavuM pravRtti vyakti mUtAna e nyAye mArAmAM azakya thaI paDyuM che". (dharmavicAra-1, pR.pa64) Ama, AnaMdazaMkaranI tattvamImAMsA koI jaDa sAMpradAyika cokaThAmAM baMdhAyelI nathI. temanI tattvadRSTi haMmezAM taTasthabhAve anekatAmAM ekatA prasthApatI jovA maLe che. koIpaNa viSayane AnaMdazaMkara aitihAsika dRSTie udAra abhigamathI avaloke che. pariNAme temanA vivecanamAM vizALatA ane UMDANa jovA maLe che. AnaMdazaMkaranI anekatAmAM ekatvane pAmatI temanI dRSTimAMthI tattvamImAMsA ane dharmamImAMsA temaja sAhityamImAMsA ApoApa spaSTa thatI Ave che. A vizvamAM koI saMvAda, vyavasthA, niyama lAvanAruM tattva haze ja. cetana ane acetana sarva padArthone astitvamAM lAvanAra, temanI gatine vRttionuM pravartaka koI tattva haze ja, prANano paNa prANa, zaktinI zakti, sarva bhAsamAna padArthonuM adhiSThAna eka tattva che, te brahma che, te paramAtmA che, te saccidAnaMda che. A AnaMdazaMkaranA samagra ciMtananI hArdarUpa zraddhA che. ApaNI dRSTi AgaLa dekhAtA ane ApaNA aMtaramAM anubhavAtA aneka vivartAnuM adhiSThAna brahma che. ene anubhavavA aMgenI vidyA brahmavidyA che. brahmavidyAne AnaMdazaMkara paramavidyA tarIke prasthApe che. brahmasvarUpa paramAtmAmAM rahelI AnaMdazaMkaranI zraddhA e kevala zraddhA nathI te tarkayukta zraddhA che. "adhiSThAna satanuM anveSaNa karanAruM sAdhana te buddhi che ane teno sAkSAtkAra karanAra sAdhana hRdaya che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.32) ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara paramArtha siddhimAM buddhinuM kAryakSetra paNa svIkAre che. adhiSThAna satano hRdayamAM jema jema anubhava thAya che ema ene pramANavA buddhinA puruSArthane paNa AnaMdazaMkara Avazyaka lekhe che. joke sAthe sAthe buddhinA niMdAyogya pAsAne avagaNavAnuM paNa teo sUcana kare che. A saMdarbhamAM "raNa", "prema", ke "abheda' nuM kharuM svarUpa spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "dareka 'abheda ke "prema" ke "rasanI vAta brahmasAkSAtkAra nathI. eka bAju rasa vinAnuM jJAna (zuSkabuddhi) brahmasAkSAtkAramAM aDacaNarUpa che tevI ja rIte bIjI tarapha kevaLa "rasa ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 17 rasAbhAsa paNa mANasamAM vivekazaktinuM bhAna rahevA deto nathI. mAtra abhedanI kalpanAmAM racyA rahevuM e paNa brahmasAkSAtkAramAM aDacaNarUpa che. tethI kharuM jotAM bheda sAthe yathArtharUpe abhedano anubhava thAya tyAre ja brahmasAkSAtkAra thayo gaNAya ane A yathArtha darzana buddhi ane hRdaya baMne vaDe thAya che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.35) A rIte AnaMdazaMkaranA tattvavicAramAM buddhino paNa yathArtha svIkAra thayelo che. "manuSyano samagra AtmA paramatattva sAthe nikaTano saMbaMdha dharAve che. enI IndriyonA vyApAra paramatattvanA siMdha upara ja cAle che. je je viSayo e grahaNa kare che e e mahAna siMdhu upara taratA dIpa jevA, athavA vadhAre ghaTatuM upamAna laIe to budabuda jevA che. ghaTapaTAdi viSayajAtane enI AsapAsa vistaratA tema ja enA aMtaramAM pravezI rahelA anaMtatAnA sAgarathI pRthak pADI grahaNa karavA yatna karo eTale tarata jaNAze ke enA vinA to tamArI dRSTi AgaLa kevaLa aMdhakAra - jJAnahIna, vyavasthAhIna, svarUpavAna kAMIka (?) - eTaluM ja che, je che eTaluM kahevuM paNa zakya nathI. vaLI samagra vizvanuM vizvarUpe anAdyanaMta dezakALamAM paraspara saMbaMdha padArthonI ekatAnI mUrtirUpe grahaNa thavuM AtmA vinA saMbhave che? vaLI A AtmA te mAro ja (aMta:karaNAvacchinna caitanyarUpa) AtmA ? mArA (aMtaHkaraNAvacchinna) AtmAnuM astitva vizvanI kAMIka anubhavaviSayatAno khulAso karI zake, paNa vizva "che"-sarvane mATe "che'- ema e AtmAmAMthI kema siddha thAya ? mATe evo AtmA- parama AtmA- svIkAravo joIe ke jenuM A samagra vizva dazya che ane jenI daSTi sadA yathArtha che ane jenI e yathArtha daSTi sAthe mArI daSTi meLavavI enuM nAma vizvanuM yathArtha jJAna prApta karavuM che. tAtparya ke jJAnamAM je pramA-apramAno bheda paDe che teno ekajIvavAda svIkAravAthI athavA to aMtaramAM ekatArahita aneka jIvonuM prativyakti svataMtra astitva svIkAravAthI khulAso thaI zakato nathI : aneka jIvo AgaLa pramA (yathArthajJAna)nI bhAvanA eka ja che. ethI eka parama AtmAnuM astitva siddha thAya che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.276). apUrNa AtmA ane apUrNa jJAnano ja AdhAra laI ahIM AnaMdazaMkara buddhi ane zraddhA baMne mATe sarvajJa AtmAnI kalpanAne Avazyaka Therave che. A ja dRSTie AnaMdazaMkara sata ane citnA bhAsamAna baitamAM advaita siddha kare che. "sata ane cita ekabIjAmAM samAyelA che, kema ke je sata citamAM prakAzatuM nathI e zUnya samAna che ane je cita sata ne prakaTa karatuM nathI. e prakAzarUpa caitanya dharmathI rahita che ane zUnya thaI jAya che tethI sata ane citanuM advaita ja yukta che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.119). kevalAdvaitamAM rahelA jagatanA niSedhane AnaMdazaMkara tArkika gaNAve che. laukika vyavahArika ke sAmAnya buddhinI dRSTie A sRSTi dekhAya che tevI nathI paNa enI pAchaLa gUDha satya ja raheluM For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana che ema mAnIne ja sarva zAstro pravarte che. koIpaNa zAstra jagatanA niSedha vinA udbhavatuM nathI ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara mAyAvAdane sarvazAstranA pAyAmAM rahelA siddhAMta tarIke pramANe che. AnaMdazaMkaranI sarva vicAraNAmAM mAyAno siddhAMta garbhita rIte rahelo che. vikAramAM ciraMtana tattvane zodhavAnI pravRttimAM, bhinna vastuomAM abhinnatAno padArtha zodhavAmAM, bhAsamAM bhAsane bAdhita karatI, bhAsano khulAso ApatI vastu zodhavAmAM, kharuM jotAM mAyAno siddhAMta eka svIkRta laIne ja philasUpha ane vaijJAnika cAle che. anubhava virodha svIkAryA vinA koI zAstra pravartI zakatuM nathI. mAyAvAda sarvazAstranA svIkRtane ja spaSTa kare che ema AnaMdazaMkara bahu bhArapUrvaka samajAve che. "mAyAno siddhAMta anubhava viruddha che ema kahevAno koI artha nathI, kemake anubhava viruddha to mAyAnuM svarUpa ja che. dekhAya che tema nathI chatAM dekhAya che e ja mAyA che. samyapha jJAna asamyapha jJAnathI viruddha che ema kahevAmAM anupapatti nathI." (arvAcIna ciMtanAtmaka gadya, pR.164) ahIM darzAvelI anubhava viruddhatA te atyaMta ke ekAMta anubhavaviruddhatA nathI, kemake sAcA anubhavathI khoTo zamI jAya che, lupta thAya che. A jagata ajJAnIne je rUpe dekhAya che tethI bhinna rUpe jJAnIne dekhAya che ane tyAre jJAna pahelAMno dekhAva mithyA hato tema te samaje che. Ama, anubhavavirodha paNa hakIkatamAM eka AbhAsa che. kAraNake mAyAvAdanuM sAmAnya rIte ema kahevuM nathI ke, A jagata dekhAya che te nathI dekhAtuM, enuM to vizeSataH kahevuM che ke A jagata dekhAya che te brahmadarzana thatAM jagatarUpe nathI dekhAtuM. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che : jagatano AvirbhAva mAtra mAyA ja nathI paNa brahmanI mAyA che, ane e brahmano vikAra ke bahirbhata kArya nathI, paNa mAyA che. (...) arthAt jagatathI para (Transcendent) hoI, jagatanA aMtaramAM (Immanent) e virAjamAna che ema vedAMtasiddhAMta che. paNa A aMtaramAM hovuM te jaDanI mAphaka bahisaMbaMdha vaDe saMbhavatuM nathI. mATe brahmanI sattAthI ja jagatanI sattA banI rahe che ema kahevuM yogya jaNAya che. jagata "brahmasattAnirUpitasattAvALuM che, 'mithyA' che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.98) advaitavedAMtanA A paramasatyanuM mAtra buddhithI parokSajJAna thAya. paraMtu hRdaya ane kriyAzakti e satyane anukULa na thAya to jokhamI bane che. vedAMtavirodhIono vedAMta sAme A ja moTo AkSepa che ke vedAMtamAMthI naitika AcaraNanI preraNA maLatI nathI. maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkare vedAMtano naitika dRSTie sakSama bacAva karyo che. vedAMtamata niSedhAtmaka nahI paNa vidheyAtmaka lAge eTalA mATe maNilAla abhedane premarUpe varNave che, jayAre AnaMdazaMkara vedAMtane kartavyabhAvanA sAthe joDavAnuM kAma kare che. vyaktinA akhaMDajIvanamAM - tenI kriyAmAM, tenI lAgaNImAM, tenA vicAramAM vedAMtanA paramasatyanuM siMcana thavuM joIe. e satyano enA samagra For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 19 AtmAe sAkSAtkAra karavo joIe. "amuka kartavya saMbaMdhI siddhAMta jANyA chatAM, jayAM sudhI kartavya kArya thAya nahi tyAM sudhI jJAnanI sArthakatA nathI. kartavyajJAna meLavIne tadanusAra kArya karavAmAM paNa jyAM sudhI anicchA ke kheda jaNAya che ane AnaMda Avato nathI tyAM sudhI kartavyabhAvanA apUrNa rahe che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.9) arthAt samagra cetanAne brahmanI sarvAtmakatAno sAkSAtkAra na thAya tyAM sudhI jJAna pUrNa rIte jJAna kahevA lAyaka nathI. A arthamAM jJAna ane bhaktine parasparanI apekSA rahe che. jJAna ane bhakti sAcArUpamAM eka ja che. vedAMtamata e mukhyatve jJAnamArga che. emAM bhaktinA tattvane saiddhAMtika rIte avakAza nathI. paraMtu jJAnamArgamAM zuSka kaThoratA Ave che. temAMthI bacavA vedAMtamatane paNa koIne koI rUpe bhaktino svIkAra karavAno thAya che. jJAna ane bhakti tAttvika rUpe eka ja che ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara vedAMtamatamAM e baMneno yathArtha samanvaya karI Ape che. jJAna ane nIti aMge zAMkaravedAMtano mata AnaMdazaMkare yathArtha rIte spaSTa karI Apyo che. jene aparokSa jJAna thayuM che eTale ke jeno samasta AtmA amuka samajaNa anusAra thayo che, jeNe brahmabhAva anubhavyo che tene jJAnamAM kazuM karmarUpa umeravAnuM nathI, te jJAnamAMthI svataH UpajI AvatuM karma kare che. zAMkaravedAMta pramANe karma, jJAna ane pAchuM karma : pahelA ane chellA karma vacce taphAvata eTalo ke paheluM karma te jJAnane mATe ane chelluM karma te jJAnamAMthI svataH UpajI AvatuM jJAnarUpa karma ja. vedAMtInuM A karma jJAnanI pachI AvatuM nathI, paNa samakAlIna che. Ama, aparokSajJAnI mATe vedAMta anusAra kartavya karavAnuM bAkI rahetuM nathI. paraMtu parokSajJAnanA saMdarbhamAM vicAratAM e prazna upasthita thAya che ke, jene parokSajJAna kahevAya che tenI sAthe sadvartana karmane joDavAnI jarUra kharI ? parokSajJAna paNa kevaLa magajanA vyApArarUpa nathI, tenI asara paNa vartana para paDe che - ane paDavI anivArya che. te sadvartanane upakAraka che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke parokSajJAna te kAcuM jJAna ane aparokSajJAna te pAkuM jJAna che. "parokSajJAna AtmAmAM TharIne potAne anurUpa vartana suzliSTa rIte upajAvI, Aja sudhI je sadvartana zubhavAsanA (pUrvanA zubha saMskAra ane AsapAsanI zubha paristhiti)ne lIdhe eka Teva mAphaka (Instinctive) UpajI AvatuM hatuM e ja sadvartanane havethI samajaNavALuM (Rational) karI, samasta AtmAne potAnA tejathI raMge che, paripakva kare che, eno AMtara rasa pragaTa karI Ape che." (dharmavicAra1, pR.304) Ama, parokSajJAna ane aparokSajJAna eka ja jJAnanI be bhUmikA hovAthI jema aparokSajJAnamAM sadvartana eka svAbhAvika dharma tarIke enI meLe ja samAI jAya che tema parokSajJAna paNa ene (sadvartanane) ghaNuM upakAraka thaI paDe che. aparokSAnubhavane AnaMdazaMkara jIvananuM paramadhyeya mAne che ane nItinI bhAvanAne paNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana emAMthI ja niSpanna thatI darzAve che. kevaLa tyAgabuddhine kartavyabhAvanAnuM sArabhUta rahasya ke bIja mAnavuM yogya nathI. tyAgabuddhimAMthI kartavyabhAvanA niSpanna karIe to svaprati koIpaNa prakAranuM kartavya saMbhave nahi, ane chatAM aniSTa svArthanA tyAgane advaitavedAMtamAM pUro avakAza che, kemake e dvArA parokSa abheda aparokSa thAya che, je svanA tyAgathI zuddha svano anubhava thAya te ja vedAMtIne ISTa che. Avo AtmAnaMda parArthavirodhI nathI, parArtha upapAdaka che, ema AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. A pramANe advaitavedAMtane AnaMdazaMkara nItino vizALa ane gaMbhIra pAyo gaNAve che. advaitavedAMtanuM vivaraNa karI temaNe dharmaciMtanamAM ane khAsa karIne nIti viSayamAM teno suMdara viniyoga karI batAvyo che. pleTothI spensara sudhInA pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanA vikAsane AnaMdazaMkare samIkSAtmaka abhigamathI tapAsyuM che. pAzcAtya jagatanA sata adhiSThAna sata paratvenA sarva siddhAMtonuM chevaTanuM samAdhAna zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitamAM raheluM che evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. zaMkarAcAryanA mAyAvAdamAM AnaMdazaMkara tattvavicAranI vikAsa prakriyAnuM sarvocca biMdu nihALe che ane pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanI bhaviSyanI aMtima bhUmikA rUpe ene prasthApe che. A uparAMta tAttvika rIte kevalAdvaita vedAMtane bhautika vijJAnano keTaloka Teko amuka arthamAM maLe che tenI paNa AnaMdazaMkare tulanAtmaka tapAsa karI che. jaDavAdanI sAme caitanyavAda ane emAMya khAsa karIne zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitanA matanuM samarthana karI AnaMdazaMkara kevalAdvaitane vadhu tAttvika ane vadhu vAstavika bhUmikAe lAvavAno prayatna kare che. A samagra vivaraNamAM AnaMdazaMkaranI eka uttama dArzanika tarIkenI jhAMkhI thAya che. tattvajJAnanA prayojana aMgenA AnaMdazaMkaranA vicAro mananAtmaka che. tattvajJAna tattvajJAna khAtara to che ja, paNa AnaMdazaMkara tene vyavahAramAM paNa upakAraka mAne che. vyavahAranA praznono Akharano ane kAyamI nIveDo temanA mate tattvajJAnanI UMcI bhUmikA upara ja zakya che. A vaijJAnika yugamAM tattvajJAnanuM sthAna batAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara saMskRtine TakavAnI Avazyaka paristhitinI kiMmata (Value) AMkanAra zAstra tarIke tattvajJAnane pramANe che. zrI rasikalAla parIkha AnaMdazaMkaranI samagra tattvavicAraNAno sAra karatAM lakhe che : "AnaMdazaMkare emanI tattvamImAMsAnI mathAmaNamAMthI je navanIta karyuM te be zabdomAM AvI jAya che. : 'satya ane prema" "(saMskRti - mArca, 1969, pR. 103) AnaMdazaMkara dharma ane tattvajJAnane abhinna mAne che. tethI temanA tAttvika daSTibiMdune For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 21 AdhAre ja emanuM dharmaviSayaka ciMtana samajI zakAya che. vyavahAranA mithyA khyAlonI tapAsa karatA zAstra tarIke tattvajJAnane sthApI AnaMdazaMkara teno dharma sAtheno avirodha siddha kare che. dharmanA satyo tapAsavA ane dRSTigocara karavA e tattvajJAnanuM kArya che, jayAre tattvajJAnanA satyo upara vizva TakI rahyuM che ema batAvavAnuM kAma dharmanuM che. "bhAratIya tattvajJAna caitanyathI bharelo jIvaMta padArtha hoI, temAM dharma ane tattvajJAnano avirodha svAbhAvika temaja tAttvika che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.21) ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara tattvajJAna ane dharmanAM kAryono samanvaya sAdhIne baMnenI ekarUpatA siddha kare che. bhAratIya paraMparAmAM dharma zabda vividha arthamAM vaparAyo che. AnaMdazaMkara dharmano je artha svIkAryo che temAM ja dharma ane tattvajJAnanI abhinnatA siddha thAya che. dharma eTale jenA vaDe A bAhyajagata ane AMtaraAtmA baMne dhAraNa thAya che te tattva ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara jIvAtmA ane bAhya jagata baMnenA adhiSThAna tarIke dharmane svIkAre che. vaLI A adhiSThAnane AnaMdazaMkara tattvarUpe oLakhAve che. temane mana dharma e ja sata svarUpa che. tethI sarvanA mULamAM dharma che ema siddha thAya che. dharmane AnaMdazaMkara samagra jIvanavyApI daSTi kahe che. je ApaNA samagra vyavahArane vyApI tene zuddha ane jIvaMta banAve che. AnaMdazaMkaranI dharma ane vyavahAranI dRSTi emanI jagata ane paramAtmAnI diSTi sAthe saMpUrNa sAmya dharAve che. paramAtmA A jagatathI para hovA chatAM temAM vyApelo che tema dharmadaSTi vyavahArathI para hovA chatAM temAM vyApelI ja che ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. teo kahe che "vyavahArano AdhyAtmika bhASAmAM je artha che tenuM TUMkuM nAma dharma che. eTale jyAM jyAM vyavahAra tyAM tyAM dharma e niyama svataHsiddha che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.3) Ama jyAM jyAM vyavahAra tyAM tyAM dharma ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara dharmane manuSyane mATe svabhAvasiddha temaja Avazyaka mAne che. kAraNake dharma manuSyanA samagra vyavahArane vyApIne rahelo che. bAhyajagata ane aMtarAtmA baMnenA adhiSThAnarUpe dharma sarvane dhAraNa karanAra paramatattva bane che. A dRSTie dharma e cetanano paryAya che. dharmanA viSayamAM zraddhA ane zaMkAnuM sthAna AnaMdazaMkare pramANyuM che, je mananAtmaka che. AtmajJAnanA mArgamAM saMzaya avarodharUpa manAya che. zraddhA e ja paramapuruSArtha siddha karavAnuM mukhya sAdhana che. Ama chatAM jo zraddhAnA upayoga para viveka karavAmaM Ave che. te aMjhAmAM saMzapamAM pariName che. A saMdarbhai. AtmajJAnane anukULa zraddhAnuM svarUpa AnaMdazaMkare spaSTa karyuM che. jJAna ane nItinA kSetramAM rahelI manuSyanI zraddhA AtmajJAnane anukULa che evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. cetananI zraddhA sakAraNa ane vivekajanya hoya che. jayAre game te vastune ke game te vAkyane vagara vicArye vaLagavuM tene teo jaDazraddhA tarIke oLakhAve che. jJAnamUlaka zaMkA IcchavAyogya che. prazna thavA ja na devo e eka prakAranI jaDatA che ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara zaMkAnuM racanAtmaka pAsuM svIkAre che. paraMtu For Personal & Private Use Only

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22 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana A saMzaya mULamAM zraddhAtmaka ja hovo joIe. nahi to aniSTa saMbhave ema paNa AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. mAnava jIvanamAM dharmanA udbhava ane vikAsa aMgenA vividha paraspara virodhI matone AnaMdazaMkare taTastha buddhithI tapAsyA che. A vividha matone kRtrima TheravI AnaMdazaMkara manuSyane mATe dharma eka svAbhAvasiddha temaja vicArasiddha prakriyA che ema siddha kare che. ItihAsamAM pratyakSa thato manuSya svabhAva ja e siddha kare che ke dharmanA mULa manuSyonI sahaja evI dhArmika vRttimAM che. paraMtu e dharma jo svabhAva thakI ja siddha hoya to pachI dhArmika thavAnA prayatno karavAnI zI jarUra che evo prazna ahIM upasthita thAya che. Ano uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che keH dharma svabhAvasiddha che eno ema artha nathI ke sarve sarakhI rIte dhArmika thayelA che. paNa eno artha evo che ke dharmavRtti sarvamAM svAbhAvika rIte ja bIjarUpe rahelI che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 277) A bIjabhUta zaktine svArthatyAganI vRttinI madadathI vikasAvavI e ApaNA sahunuM kartavya che. svArthatyAga eTale sva karatAM adhika pradezamAM AtmAnI vizALatA anubhavavI evo artha svIkArI AnaMdazaMkara A anubhavanuM bIjuM nAma dharmAcaraNa che ema siddha kare che. Ama, dharmano pAyo satya upara che, e pAyo kRtrima nathI paNa sahaja che ane enA ArvibhAvamAM mukhya hetu svArthatyAga che ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. manuSyano svArthatyAga jema jema vadhato jAya tema tema krame krame dharmabhAvanAno vikAsa thAya che. dharmabhAvanA prathama A IndriyagrAhya jaDa jagatane, pachI A ubhayathI para-vizvanI nyAyamaya vyavasthA khAtara svIkArelA -svargane, pachI ubhayathI para paNa jIvathI bhinna mAnelA evA saguNa brahmarUpI brahmalokane ane Akhare jIvAtmAne paramAtmAnA svarUpathI bharI nAkhe che. manuSyamAM jo svArthatyAganI vRtti haze to uparokta dharmanA AviSkAra tene ApameLe AvI maLe che. "brahmanirvANa'ne AnaMdazaMkara chevaTanI bhUmikAnuM samarpaNa gaNe che. AvA anubhavane AnaMdazaMkara 'ritA ri' ApanAra lenAra ubhaya hari ja che evA UMDI satyatAthI bharelA advaita anubhava tarIke oLakhAve che. A rIte dharmanA vikAsakramanuM sarvocca sopAna AnaMdazaMkara zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitamAM parisamApta thatuM darzAve che. zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaita siddhAMtane AnaMdazaMkara mAtra tattvajJAnIya siddhAMta nahi paNa manuSya jAtinA dharma tarIke svIkAre che. advaitavedAMtanA A paramasatyane anukULa samagra jIvana jIvavuM ene ja AnaMdazaMkara dharma kahe che. jJAnamAM ane kriyAmAM AnaMdanuM siMcana karanAra dharma che. dharma vinAnA zuSka jJAnamAM tathA kaThora kartavyakriyAmAM paNa kadAca koIne AnaMda Ave kharo, paNa te sakAraNa ane abAdhya tyAre ja thAya ke jayAre sarvatra jJAna pura:sara brahmabhAva vistare. A brahmabhAva vistAravAnuM kAma dharmanuM che. dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSa e sarva puruSArthamAM dharmane AnaMdazaMkara agrasthAna Ape che For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 23 ane enI sAthe bIjA puruSArthane samanvita kare che. mokSarUpa mahApuruSArtha je pAchaLathI chuTarUpe judo svIkArAyo te paNa dharma sAthe AMtara ane jIvaMta saMbaMdhathI joDAyelo puruSArtha che, dharmano niSedhaka puruSArtha nathI. "sipAInA paherA badalAya che tema dharma, artha ane kAmanA paherA nathI ke artha ane kAmanA samaya uparAMta dharmano samaya joIe. artha ane kAmano samaya te ja dharmano: mAtra dharmanA aMta:pravezathI artha ane kAma saprayojana ane pavitra bane che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.52) je rIte jagatanI aMdara brahma raheluM che, je rIte Izvara vizvamAM vyApI rahyo che, te rIte vyavahAranA prANarUpe paramArtha dharma anusmRta rahevo joIe. prabhu vizvano aMtaryAmI che to ApaNA vyavahArano paNa e ja aMtaryAmI thAya. artha ane kAmano dharma dAsa nathI paNa temanA upara amala bhogavI temane kAryamAM prere che ane te kArya dharmanA aMtaHpravezathI saprayojana ane pavitra bane che. manuSyanI samAnatAnA siddhAMta upara nirbhara evI samAjaracanA ke siddhAMto AnaMdazaMkarane mAnya nathI, kemake vyakti vyaktinI, prakRtinI bhUmikA upara, dekhItI asamAnatA che ane caitanya rUpe temanI samAnatA nathI paNa ekatA che. tethI ja paraspara vyavahAranA nItiniyamo zakya che. "prakRtimAM je utkRSTa-niSkRSTanA bheda che eno khulAso prakRtithI kema thaI zake ? prakRtithI pAranA ja (Supernatural) koIka tattvamAMthI e prakRtimAM AvelA hovA joIe. - arthAt A utkRSTatA te prakRti thakI siddha nathI, paNa prakRtinI pAranA tattvamAMthI UtarI AvI prakRtimAM siddha che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.pa6) vaLI vedAMta siddhAMtane anurUpa janatA (Society) zabdano artha karatAM AnaMdazaMkara spaSTa kare che ke - janatA e janarUpI paramANuono samudAya nathI, paNa janatA e ja prathama siddha padArtha che ane jano - vyaktio e janatAnA avayavo che paNa te kakaDAnA arthamAM nahI, tethI ja "aMzAMzibhAva"nA siddhAMtano tyAga ane mAyAnA siddhAMtano svIkAra) "ApaNI vedAMtanI paribhASAmAM bolIe to, samaSTi e vyaSTiono samudAya nathI, paNa vyaSTio e samaSTinA aMga che." (dharmavicAra1, pR.57-58) janatAnI A akhaMDatA ja puruSasUktamAM abhipreta che. jIvananI saghaLI pravRttio Avazyaka che. temanuM kendrabhUta tattva e AtmA che. Ama, AtmAne AnaMdazaMkara saunA madhyasthAnamAM mUke che. samAja, nIti, keLavaNI, sAhitya, rAjakAraNa Adi jIvananA sarva praznomAM dharmane, akhaMDa AtmAne kendrasthAne rAkhI AnaMdazaMkara vicAra kare che. e emanI aMtima kasoTI che. - ogaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM gujarAtI samAjanI dharmaviSayaka paristhiti kevI hatI tenuM varNana AnaMdazaMkare karyuM che. keLavaNInI vRddhi sAthe brAhmaNono janma siddha adhikAra ghaTyo. For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana jina, buddha, zaMkara, vallabha Adi dharma pravartakonA paraspara virodhamAMthI janmelA dharma saMbaMdhI vicAro krame krame kSaNa thatA gayA. temaja ApaNA sudhArAvALAoe ApaNAM purANo viSe, varNavyavasthA viSe je je khAsa vicAro pracalita karyA hatA teno paNa aniSTa bhAga dhIme dhIme tyajAto gayo. karmakAMDa ane dharma tarapha keLavAyelA varganI dRSTinI judI judI kakSA hatI. eka varga dharma tarapha kevaLa bedarakAra hato. adhUrI keLavaNInA vargano keTaloka bhAga karmakAMDamAM gUMthAI raheto. adhika keLavaNI pAmelAne dharma upara AdaravALA varganA be vibhAga hatA. eka karmakAMDanI viruddha, bIjo jJAnane mukhya gaNIne karma upAsanA Adi vastuone jJAnanA AvirbhAvamAM pratyakSa sthAna rUpa ane sAdhanarUpa mAnato varga. zrI viSNuprasAda trivedI lakhe che ke "sthitidarzanamAM prArthanAsamAja ane sudhArAvALAo tarapha maNilAla karatAM AnaMdazaMkaranI dRSTi vizeSa samabhAvayukata, udAra ane sAcI jaNAya che. kevaLa karmakAMDamAM rAcatA adhUrA keLavAyelA varga upara temanI dRSTi maNilAlane mukAbale vizeSa tIkhI che". (arvAcIna ciMtanAtmaka gadya, pR.158) prArthanAsamAja viSe AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "prArthanAsamAja e jIvana nibhAve evo pauSTika khorAka nathI, kaMTha bhIno kare evuM pAtaLuM pANI che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.501) A uparAMta prArthanAsamAja mUrtipUjAno virodha kare che te paNa AnaMdazaMkarane mAnya nathI. AnaMdazaMkarane prArthanAsamAjanA jIvanavicAra - tattvavicAranI gahanatA ochI lAgelI. "hiMdu dharmanA paraMparAgata bhaktimArgamAM bharapUra kAvyamayatA che tenI sarakhAmaNImAM prArthanAsamAjanA bhaktimArganI kAvyamayatA ochI paDe ne sadAcAramaya ne kartavyaniSTha jIvananI zuSka kaThoratA vadhu lAge che."(vyApana, pR.10)vastutaH koIpaNa dharma tattvavicAra, sadAcArabaLa uparAMta kAvyatvanI apekSA paNa saMtoSavAnI hoya che. paMDitayugamAM thiyosophI ane AryasamAjanuM keTaluMka AkarSaNa thayeluM, paraMtu e dhArmikatAno gujarAtI prajA jIvana para UMDo ke dIrghajIvI prabhAva paDyo nahi. baMnee vizeSa to hiMdu samAjanA AtmAbhimAnane poSavAnuM kAma karyuM. paNa camatkArano Azraya e thiyosophInuM nabaLuM aMga hatuM to Aryatvano Theko e AryasamAjanuM nabaLuM aMga hatuM. thiyosophI e dharma nathI paNa dharmanuM eka dRSTibiMdu che ema kahI AnaMdazaMkare tenI maryAdA batAvI dIdhI. A rIte "prArthanAsamAja ane sudhArAvALAonI mukhya maryAdA e hatI ke te janamaMDaLanA hRdayamAM pUruM UtarI zakyA nahi ane dharmavRttinAM vividha svarUpa hoI zake e satya temaNe svIkAryuM nahIM. Ama chatAM samabhAva yukta udAra daSTithI "sudhArAvALAothI dharmanA kSetre je kaMI lAbha thayo che tenI paNa AnaMdazaMkara noMdha le che. sudhArAvALAonI sevAnI kadara karatAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke "karmakAMDathI adhika evA jJAnanuM ane kartavyabuddhinuM dvAra ughADavAne For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 25 'sudhArAvALA onA hAthe lAbhakAraka prayatna thayo che e svIkAravuM joIe. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.377) kevaLa karmakAMDamAM rAcatA adhUrI keLavaNI pAmelA vargano paNa AnaMdazaMkara virodha kare che. matabaMdha karmakAMDIo ema kahe che ke karmakAMDamAM prANavinimayanA bahu bahu artho rahyA che ane tethI karmakAMDanI mahattA che. paraMtu tenI sAme AnaMdazaMkara sIdho ja prazna kare che ke "prANavinimaya" Adi nAme oLakhAtI zArIrika kasarata te "dharma-AtmA-paramAtmA saMbaMdhanA arthamAM "dharma kema kahevAya? huM, karmakAMDanuM rahasya "prANavinimaya" eTale "yoga" rUpe mAnavA karatAM "jJAna" rUpe samajavuM ucita dhAruM chuM. mane manuSya jIvanano kharo hetu yogathI nahi, paNa "jJAnathI sadhAya che e zaMkarAcAryano siddhAMta paramasatya lAge che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.378) ahIM AnaMdazaMkara maNilAla karatAM sUkSma rIte judA paDe che. karmakAMDa vagarano koI dharma nathI ane karmakAMDathI dharmanI zakti pakva thAya che ema mAnavA chatAM "abheda', "prema' vagere zabdono durupayoga karI ajJAna ane pAkhaMDa vadhAratA karmakAMDIono AnaMdazaMkara virodha kare che. "jema dareka hRdayano ubharo te kAvyano rasa nathI ema hoya to dareka laukika raDAkUTa kAvyarasanI padavIe pahoMcavA jAya - tema dareka "abheda ke "prema" ke "rasa'- nI vAta brahmasAkSAtkAra nathI e samajavAnuM che."(dharmavicAra-1, pR.35) laukika prema ane divyaprema tattvataH eka hoya ane samasta vizva prati prema e pariNAme paramAtmA pratyeno ja prema che, tathApi paramAtmA buddhithI je prema uchaLato nathI te laukika che ane te brahma sAkSAtkAra rUpe samajavAmAM vyakti ane samAjane khUba hAni thavA saMbhava che ema AnaMdazaMkaranI TIkA che. Ama, vedAMtano durupayoga karIne ajJAna ane pAkhaMDamAM rAcatA AvA vargane AnaMdazaMkara adhUrI keLavaNI pAmelo varga kahe che. AvA varga taraphanI temanI dRSTi sudhArAvALAo taraphanI temanI dRSTi karatAM vadhAre Alocaka jaNAya che. dharma vicAranA A tIvra maMthanamAM AnaMdazaMkaranI dharma bhAvanAnuM preraka mUlya to bezaka dhArmikatAnuM ja hatuM. ApaNA dharmane zreSTha mAnanAra ane khristI dharma mATe kazo pakSapAta nahIM dharAvanAra AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke "khristIdharma karatAM hajAra ghaNo kharAba dharma to nAstikatAno che." nAstikatAne AnaMdazaMkaranI dharmabhAvanAmAM lezamAtra sthAna nahotuM. ApaNI zALAmahAzALAomAM dharmahIna keLavaNI ApavAno je prayatna che enI saphaLatA aMge AnaMdazaMkara AzAvAdI nathI. kAraNake dhArmika zikSaNane abhAve nAstikatAnuM mUlya prasare che. AnaMdazaMkarane mana dharma e manuSyanuM rudhira che, prANa che, AtmA che. enuM AMtaramAM AMtarasvarUpa ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana tAttvikamAM tAttvika rahasya te dharma che. manuSyanuM manuSyatva dharmathI aMkAya che. ema kahIe to paNa atizayokti nathI. "dIvAne tela jeTaluM Avazyaka che teTalI ja manuSyane dharmabhAvanA Avazyaka che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.490) tethI, sarva jJAnanA AdhArarUpa dhArmika jJAnane arvAcIna zikSaNa sAthe joDavAno AnaMdazaMkarano prabaLa Agraha che. mAtra paddhatisara yojelA zAstrone ja dharmanA sAhityamAM samAveza karavAnA Agrahane AnaMdazaMkara ayogya TharAve che. ApaNe tyAM "sudhArAvALAonI dharmazuddhinI pravRttimAM purANone apramANa gaNavAnuM valaNa. jovA maLe che. maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkara bannee purANonuM aitihAsika arthaghaTana karI purANa kathAomAMthI AdhyAtmika artha tAravI temane dharma sAhityamAM pratiSThita karyA che. dharma ane tattvanI carcAmAM rUpakanA mAdhyamathI AvelI bhASA avarodharUpa nahi paNa upakAraka bane che. tethI dharma sAhityamAM e tamAmano yogya svIkAra thavo joIe. sarvadharma samavAya aMgenA vividha matonI samIkSA karI AnaMdazaMkara dharmanI ekatA aMgeno eka samanvayAtmaka siddhAMta tAravI Ape che. dharma parivartananI svataMtratA AnaMdazaMkaramAM jovA maLatI nathI. sarva dharma prati samAna Adarane AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. paNa niSThA to svadharma prati ja hovI joIe ema mAne che. A uparAMta ApaNA dharmanA vyavahAramAM pravartamAna svarUpa aMge AnaMdazaMkare vizada avalokana karyuM che. aitihAsika ane tAttvika baMne saMdarbhothI AnaMdazaMkare hiMdudharmanA svarUpane tapAsyuM che. veda (brAhmaNa)dharma, jainadharma ane bauddhadharma e traNeya dharmone AnaMdazaMkara eka ja mahAdharmarUpI hiMdudharmanA vRkSanI peTA DALIo svarUpa mAne che. jIvana sAthe nikaTa saMbaMdha dharAvI je dharma vyApaka eTale ke sarvadezI hoya te dharmane AnaMdazaMkara sarvotkRSTa dharma mAne che. adhikArIo mATenI yojanA, jIva, jagata ane Izvara viSayaka saMpUrNa vicAra, jJAna, bhakti ane karmano samanvayAtmaka vicAra temaja dharmanuM saMpUrNa prayojana vagere aneka daSTibiMduothI avalokana karI AnaMdazaMkara brAhmadharmanI sarvoparitA spaSTa karI Ape che. jo ke AvI spaSTatAomAM bIjA dharmo pratye koI paNa prakArano tiraskArano bhAva emanA vicAromAM kayAMya jovA maLato nathI. AnaMdazaMkaranA dharma ane tattvajJAna viSayaka lakhANo aneka dRSTie viziSTa che. eka to e ke bhAratIya tattvaciMtanano temano abhyAsa taTastha ane sarvagrAhI daSTie thayelo che. bhAratIya dharma - tattvaciMtananI traNa mukhya dhArAo vaidikadharma, bauddhadharma ane jaina dharma temane alaga alaga ane ekabIjA sAthe kazo ja saMbaMdha na hoya evI rIte udbhavelI ane vikaselI mAnavAne badale AnaMdazaMkara temane eka ja sanAtana dharmanI peTAzAkhAo tarIke nirUpe che. "bAhyadaSTie A dharmomAM game teTalo bheda jaNAya paNa tenI aMdara je sanAtana For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA dharmanuM satya raheluM che te eka ja che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.584) Ama, veda prAmANyane svIkAranArA ane veda prAmANyane na svIkAranArA badhAM darzanonI paraspara asara AnaMdazaMkare sAcA abhyAsInI daSTie pramANI che. AnaMdazaMkaranA dharmatattvaciMtana viSenA lakhANonI bIjI viziSTatA temanI maulikatA che. pUrva ane pazcimanA tattvajJAnano AnaMdazaMkare aitihAsika paddhatithI abhyAsa karyo che paNa temanAM lakhANo mAtra varNanAtmaka ja nathI rahyAM, ciMtanAtmaka paNa che. pUrva ane pazcimanA tattvajJAnanuM aitihAsika dRSTie nirUpaNa karatI vakhate temaNe mULagraMtho ane temanA para thayelA mahattvanAM vivecanono AdhAra to lIdho che, paNa te uparAMta vividha tattvanI tAravaNI ane temanuM vivecana emaNe potAnI svataMtra daSTie karyuM che. pUrva ane pazcimanA tattvavicAranI advaitavedAMtamAM parisamApti aMge AnaMdazaMkare svIkArelA AdhAro temanAM maulika vidhAno che. A uparAMta bhagavadgItA uparanAM temanAM lakhANomAM gItAnA tattvavicAranuM rahasyoddhATana paNa temaNe ghaNI ja maulika rIte kareluM jaNAya che. "yA yA hi dharmastha ratnAnirbhavati bhArata....' e gItAnA prasiddha zlokanuM dharmanA vizALa arthamAM tAtparya pragaTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara tene "manuja saMskRtinA ItihAsanuM AdhyAtmika arthaghaTana (Spiritual interpretation) kahe che. gItA racanAnA uddeza aMgeno AnaMdazaMkarano A mata temanuM maulika pradAna che. A uparAMta AnaMdazaMkara dharma' zabdano je artha karyo che te paNa maulika che. e paikIno eka artha emaNe Apelo che e noMdhapAtra che. temanA mate "dharma' zabda aMgrejInA Religion karatAM vizALa arthano bodhaka che. paraMtu Civilization e Religion karatAM vadhAre pAseno zabda che, paraMtu ene paNa kevaLa aihika arthamAM na letAM, aihika ane pAramArthika ubhaya arthamAM laIe tyAre ja e zabda "dharma' zabdanI nikaTa pahoMce che. (dharmavicAra- 1, pR.648) AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI trIjI viziSTatA e che ke AnaMdazaMkaranuM mAnasa pUrvagraha-mukta ane jAgrata satyazodhakanuM che. vasaMta' patranA uddezane spaSTa karatAM emaNe lakhyuM che : satya e sarvabhUtonuM aMtaratama tattva che, ene bahAra tAravI kADhavAnuM che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa sarvabhUto paNa satyanAM ja banelAM che. (...) A satyanuM saMpUrNa darzana karavuM hoya to vicAramAM ane siddhAMta (Abstracts thought)mAM ja thaI zakavAnuM nathI, paNa uttama saMsthAo (Institutions) rUpe ene pariNAma pAmeluM jovAnI jarUra che. (...) eTale - (1) satyasvarUpa vicAra (Abstract thought) nuM, ane (2) satyasvarUpa saMsthAo (Institutions) nuM avalokana karavuM; ane (3) dharmane emanA madhyabiMdu sthAne rAkhavo e 'vasaMta' no mukhya udeza che. (dharmavicAra- 1, 5.488), For Personal & Private Use Only

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28 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana Ama, satyAnveSaNa e AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananuM viziSTa lakSaNa che. emanI dRSTie satya' nathI te utpanna karavuM ema nahi paNa "satya" che tene khoLI kADhavuM evA uddezathI satyAnveSIonI pravRtti thAya che. (dharmavicAra- 1, pR.227) AnaMdazaMkaranI dharmaciMtananI pravRtti e A prakAranI satyAnveSInI pravRtti hatI. emanI potAnI dArzanika zraddhA zAMkaravedAMtamAM rahelI che, paraMtu tenI sAthe susaMgata na hoya tevAM darzanono paNa tattvavimarza AnaMdazaMkara taTastha bhAve kare che. virodhIonA siddhAMtanuM khaMDana ke potAnA siddhAMtanuM khaMDana karavAnI vRttine vaza thayA vinA, e tarkazuddha rIte siddhAMtanuM hArda pragaTa karI Ape che. prA. dAsaguptA, DaoN.rAdhAkRSNana, narmadAzaMkara mahetAnI jema AnaMdazaMkare paNa bhAratIya darzanonA aitihAsika kAlakrama aMge vicAra karyo che. tArkika ane aitihAsika paddhationA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkare ApaNA tattvavijJAnanI saMkalana karavAno prayAsa karyo che, temAM AnaMdazaMkaranuM dRSTibiMdu samanvayAtmaka raheluM che. samanvayazIlatA e AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI eka vizeSa lAkSaNikatA tarIke pramANI zakAya che. taTasthatA, satyAnveSatA ane samanvayAtmakatAne kAraNe teo sudhArAvAdIo (navIno) ane paraMparAvAdIo (prAcIno) baMnenI vicAradhArAmAM rahelI saMkucitatAne darzAvI Ape che. teo kahe che : " "prAcIno vahemamAMthI chUTatA nathI, ane "navInomAM dhArmika vRttinuM baLa AvatuM nathI. eke sudharavAnI jarUra che, ane bIjAe sudhAravAnuM kAma mAthe lIdhuM che, paNa be pakSano koIpaNa rIte yoga thato nathI, ApaNI dhArmika avanati hatI tevI ne tevI kAyama rahe che. ApaNA "navIna vidvAno jyAM sudhI nirabhimAna vRttithI "prAcInonI bhajanamaMDaLImAM bhaLatAM AMcako khAze tyAM sudhI hiMdustAnano dhArmika uddhAra dUra che. "prAcIno e paNa eTalI udAravRtti rAkhavI ucita che, ApaNo dharma bahu vizALa che ane asaMkhya mahAna magajo ane hRdayomAMthI uddabhava pAmyo che. tethI je mANasa "prAcInonI amuka rUDhine anusarI ja dharmAcaraNa karato nathI te hiMdu maTI jAya che ane nAstika thaI jAya che ema nathI. ghaNIvAra AvI dekhAtI nAstikatAmAM "prAcInonI potAnI AstikatA karatAM vadhAre "Astikya' samAyeluM hoya che. sudhArakoe eTaluM jovAnuM che ke cAlatI vyavasthAmAM sudhAro karavAne badale kevaLa avyavasthA utpanna karavI ane samAjanA paramANuone potAnI vinAzaka paddhati vaDe cheka astavyasta karI nAkhavA e atyaMta aniSTa che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.207) Ama, paraMparAne vaLagI rahevAno doSa "prAcIna' mArgIono che to sAme pakSe sarva jJAna haMmezAM pustakathI ja ke tarkabaLathI ja gamya che, dharma potapotAnI svataMtratAthI ja Acaravo ThIka che, ItyAdi vicAranI bhUlathI bharelI vartaNUka "navIna mArgIonI che. A baMne pakSonI satyAnveSI dRSTithI AnaMdazaMkare AlocanAtmaka tapAsa karI che. "ApaNA samayanI mUMjhavaNono For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 29 jo prAcIna dharmamAMthI ukela maLI zake to ja tene punarjIvana maLyuM kahevAya. mAtra te bhUtakALamAM kevo hato teTalo ja vicAra basa nathI." (ArAdhanA, pR.132). mAtra zuddha ItihAsanI dRSTie ApaNI prAcIna saMskRtino ullekha basa nathI. ApaNI prAcIna saMskRti te ja sAcI, svayaMsaMpUrNa ema mAnato sanAtanI pravAha tema bIje cheDe e saMskRtine tuccha ane binaupayogI gaNanAra (sudhArAvAdIo) A baMne pravAhanI maryAdAone vaTAvIne Adhunika pragatinAM tattvono svIkAra karI, lakSamAM laI, prAcIna hiMdu saMskRtinA guNadoSa joI tenuM mUlyAMkana karavuM e AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI viziSTa lAkSaNikatA che. AnaMdazaMkaranA A samagra ciMtanano eka viziSTa guNa jIvanaabhimukhatA che. AnaMdazaMkare carcelA prazno Ama to Academic, pAMDityalakSI, amUrta che. paraMtu temanI samagra carcAnuM niyAmaka tattva "dharma' che. "Izvara jema AkhA vizvano aMtaryAmI che tema dharma paNa duniyAnA saghaLA vyavahArono - arthano ane kAmano aMtaryAmI thavo ghaTe che." - ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara vyavahAra ane paramArthano samanvaya sAdhe che. temanI sanAtananI kalpanA paNa e ja che. vRkSa uparathI pAMdaDAM phUTatAM jAya che, paNa vRkSanI ekatA jaLavAI rahe che. vastunuM tattva jo kAyama rahetuM hoya to vastuno nAza thato nathI te sanAtana che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke mULa satyane vaLagI ApaNe yuga yuganAM kartavyo samajavAM joIe. AvI jIvanaabhimukha aMtaryAmI tattvanI dRSTi AnaMdazaMkaranI samagra vicAraNAmAM niyAmaka banI rahI che. emanI vicAraNAnI e cAvI che. (sAhitya saMsparza, pR.176) AvI jIvanaabhimukha dRSTithI prerAyelA AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM jIvananI koI paNa zreyaskara pravRttino Adara jovA maLe che. paNa tenI zreyaskaratAno aMtima nirNaya te pravRtti dvArA AtmAno utkarSa thAya che ke nahi, AtmA potAnuM zuddhane vyApaka svarUpa vadhu vadhu anubhave che ke nahi, arthAta e pravRtti, chevaTe AdhyAtmika dRSTie dharma che ke nahi tenA para avalaMbe che. Ama, jIvanapratyenI AdhyAtmika draSTi e AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananuM mukhya lakSya che. A rIte vividha saMdarbhothI vicAratAM spaSTa thAya che ke AlocanAtmaka tapAsa, maulikatA, samanvayazIlatA, jIvanaabhimukhatA ane AdhyAtmikatA e pAMca guNo AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM vyApaka rIte vaNAyelA jovA maLe che. tattvajJAna e jIvananI samIkSA che e sokreTIsano mata AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanane mATe akSaraza: satya che. AnaMdazaMkaranI ciMtanadhArA pravartamAna jIvanapraNAlInI kaDaka AlocanAmAMthI uddabhavelI che. A prakAranA samIkSAtmaka valaNamAMthI udbhaveluM tattvaciMtana kevaLa zAstra - pramANane svIkArIne na cAle e sahaja bAbata che. tethI AnaMdazaMkare zAstra vAkyonuM bhASya karavAnI paddhatine badale svataMtra bauddhika For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana nirUpaNa paddhati akhatyAra karelI che. paddhatinI A abhinava svataMtratAne pariNAme AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM maulikatAno guNa svAbhAvika rIte pravezelo che. tene lIdhe ja AnaMdazaMkare tattvajJAnanA vividha siddhAMtono saMpUrNapaNe ane sIdhe sIdho svIkAra karI levAne badale e siddhAMtono pariSkAra potAnI maulika rIte karelo che. jayAMthI maLe tyAMthI satyane AvakAravAnI tatparatA dAkhavatA AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAMthI gujarAtanA prajAjIvanane javalaMta baLa maLI rahe tema che. vyavahAra ane paramArthano anubaMdha sthApatuM AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana jIvana abhimukha che. tethI vyavahAravAdI paNa che. "koIpaNa gujarAtI tattvaciMtake jaDavAda ke sukhavAdano kayAreya puraskAra karyo nathI tema AdhyAtmika mUlyonI sApekSatAnA siddhAMtane kayAreya anumodana ApyuM nathI. (gujarAtamAM tattvaciMtana, pR.21) e nyAye AnaMdazaMkaranuM ciMtana paNa vyavahAravAdI hovA chatAM pAzcAtya vyavahAravAdInI jema te sApekSavAdI nathI. jIvana pratyenI AdhyAtmika dRSTi e AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI vizeSa lAkSaNikatA che. tattvaciMtana ane dharmaciMtananI jema sAhityamAM paNa AnaMdazaMkaranI dRSTi eka abhinava bhASyakAranI rahI che. sanAtanI ane sudhArako bannenA dRSTibiMdune AnaMdazaMkare samanvayAtmaka rIte vicAryuM che. ApaNA saMskRta kAvyazAstrIo ane pazcimanA erisToTalathI mAMDI kraoNce sudhInA kAvyamImAMsakonA graMthono abhyAsa karI temaNe karelI vivecanA gahana, vizada ane rasALa bane che. sAhityano ItihAsa zALAonA ugama, vikAsa ane kathAthI chavAyelo che. zALAo dvArA keTaluMka kAma nIkaLatuM hoya che. paNa satvavaMta lekhako (sarjako temaja vivecako) koI zALA sAthe potAne joDavAno prasaMga Ave tyAre paNa, enA cokaThAmAM baMdhAI jatA nathI. koI zALA sAthe evo saMbaMdha na hoya paNa sAhitya-padAratha sAthe sUkSma saMbaMdha baMdhAI gayo hoya evA vivecakonA uttama udAharaNa rUpe zrI umAzaMkara joSI AnaMdazaMkara ane rAmanArAyaNa pAThakano ullekha kare che. "banne tattvapriya che ane sAhityane prathamataH kalA tarIke jovAnI jhINI najara dharAvavA sAthe vizALa saMdarbhamAM ene jovAnI zaktivALA che. AnaMdazaMkarano 1902nA sudarzana'mAMno lekha "kavitA" gujarAtI kAvyarasikonA hAthamAM, cAlu hota to 1917 pachI balavaMtarAyane zALA kADhavAnuM ane calAvavAnuM kAraNa kadAca ochuM raheta" (saMskRti oNgasTa, 1963, pR.282) AnaMdazaMkaranuM kAvya aMgenuM mUlagAmI ciMtana jotAM umAzaMkarano A mata yathArtha jaNAya che. AnaMdazaMkara eka ciMtaka hovAnI sAthe sAthe eka uttama vivecaka paNa che. dharma ane tattvajJAnamAM je dRSTie temaNe ekatA sthApI che. te ja dRSTie teo kAvya jagata ane tattvajJAna vacce paNa abheda darzana karAve che. "sAhityavicAra" ane "kAvyatattvavicAra' e temanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 31 sAhityaviSayaka lekhonA saMgraho che. emanI kAvyanI gahana carcAmAM temanuM tattvajJAna ane tenA siddhAMto jaNAya che. gujarAtamAM yunivarsiTInI khoTa pUrI pADavAnA hetuthI temaNe 'vasaMta mAsika zarU karyuM hatuM. dharma, nIti, keLavaNI, tattvajJAna, rAjakAraNa, sAhitya e sarva viSaya 'vasaMta' nA Alekhana viSayo hatA. A samagra vivecanamAM garbhita rUpe temanI kevalata paranI zraddhA vaNAyelI jovA maLe che. samagra jIvanamAM vizvaracanA ane jIvanavyavahAranI pAchaLa koI ekatAnuM tattva raheluM che. evI temanI daDha pratIti temanI samagra vivecanAmAM asmalitapaNe vahetI jaNAya che. zrI rA. vi.pAThaka AnaMdazaMkaranA lekhonuM mUlya pramANatAM "sAhitya vicAra'nA upoddhAtamAM jaNAve che : "AnaMdazaMkaranA lekhone abhyAsI jema vadhAre kheDaze tema tema vadhAre phaLadAyI nIvaDaze. AnA jevo kSodanakSamagraMtha A viSayamAM hajI gujarAtImAM prasiddha thayo nathI ane ghaNAM varSo te evo ja raheze." (sAhitya vicAra (2001). pR.para0) to vaLI, suMdarama AnaMdazaMkaranI kAvya vibhAvanAne pramANatAM kahe che : "kAvya vize je kAMI jANavA jevuM che tenA eMzI TakA "kAvyatattvavicAranA pUrvArdhamAMthI maLI raheze." (saMskRti oNgasTa, 1963, pR.283) suMdaram ane rAmanArAyaNa pAThakanA uparokta udgAro khare ja dhyAnArha che. "sAhityanA abhyAsIo mATe AnaMdazaMkaranA "kAvyatattvavicAra' ane sAhityavicAra' jevA lekhasaMgrahonuM parizIlana daSTidAtA nIvaDe tevuM che. ema kahI zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLa gujarAtI sAhityamAM AnaMdazaMkaranA kAvya vivecanane pramANatAM lakhe cheH jyAre ramaNabhAI aMtaHkSobha prerita kavitA te ja sAcI kavitA ane tethI svAnubhavarasika kavitA sarvAnubhavarasika kavitAthI vadhu caDiyAtI e matano utsAhabhera puraskAra karatA hatA tyAre e matanI ekAMgitA ane nyUnatA batAvI kavitAne samagra saMvitanI AtmAnI kalA sthApI e AnaMdazaMkaranI moTI sevA kahevAya." (unsIlana, pR.107, 108). kavizrI bhavabhUtinA saMskRta zloka 'vima TevatAM vAvamamRtAmAtmanaH nAma' | ne anusarI AnaMdazaMkare kavitA - kalAnI vibhAvanA spaSTa karI che. emanI daSTie kavitA AtmAnI kalA' hovAthI emAM AtmAnA sarva guNo-caitanya, vyaktigata ane samaSTigata vyApana, anekatAmAM ekatA ane ekatAmAM anekatA A badhA guNo hovA joIe, temaja AtmAnI mAphaka e paNa "manuSyanA buddhi, hRdaya, kRti (Moral) ane aMtarAtmA eTale ke dhArmikatAnI jarUriyAto saMtoSe evI hovI joIe." temanI dRSTie kalAkAra ke kavi mAtra "An idle singer of an empty day" ja nathI paraMtu "krAMtadarzI', "manISI', "paribhU' ane "svayaMbhU che. e "UjaLA akSara'nuM darzana kare che. ane netrapuTa vaDe enuM pAna" kare che. vaijJAnika, ItihAsavettA ane tattvavettA e "UjaLA akSaranuM darzana nathI karatAM ema AnaMdazaMkarano kahevAno artha nathI. temaNe sahune potapotAnA "akSaro' to ja che. paraMtu For Personal & Private Use Only

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32 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana AnaMdazaMkaranA mate "sauthI parama akSara to krAMtadarzI kavinuM che. : "akSara' eTale "brahma' ane brahma' eTale nitya zabda, vidyA, zruti - jenA 'UMDA bhaNakAra' A "UMDI rajanI'mAM nitya vAgyA kare che ane karNa hoya te sAMbhaLe che. e ja pleTonuM "World of Ideas' ane vaiSNavo jene "akSaradhAma' kahe che te che". (kAvyatattvavicAra-pR.97,98) A rIte AnaMdazaMkara kavine tarjI kahe che. kavinuM "akSara' A jagatanI aMdara ane pAra bannenI rIte vidyamAna che. pleTonA World of Ideas nA siddhAMtane svIkArIne AnaMdazaMkara mAne che ke A paridazyamAna jagata vAstavika biMba nathI, paNa emAM amuka alaukika biMbonA mAtra pratibiMbo ja ApaNane bhAse che. wtadarzI kavi vastunI pAra joI zake che A arthamAM AnaMdazaMkara kavinA kAlpanika jagatane mithyA nahi paNa satya mAne che. kahevAtA satya jagata karatAM paNa te vizeSa satya che. jo ke Ano artha ema nahi ke AnaMdazaMkara Anubhavika jagatane mithyA mAne che. pleToe kavio upara karelA AkSepone AnaMdazaMkara ayogya gaNAve che. sAdhAraNa rIte kavinuM jagata ane ApaNuM jagata evA bheda pADavAmAM Ave che tene ja AnaMdazaMkara ahIM anusare che. paNa kavinuM jagata kharuM che ane ApaNuM jagata khoTuM che ema AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. temanA mate saMtavarzI tarIke kavinuM kArya A satya jagatanuM darzana karAvavAnuM che, e pratibiMbamAM pratyakSa thatA biMbone saMgrahavAnuM ane AlekhavAnuM che. A kArya karavAmAM kavi svataMtra che. AnaMdazaMkara anusAra "satya ane nItinI loDhAnI ke sonAnI sAMkaLo ene baMdhanarUpa nathI." joke Ano artha evo nathI ke AnaMdazaMkara kalAne mAthe koI javAbadArI svIkAratA nathI. kavitAne AnaMdazaMkara cittakSobhanuM ke mAtra hRdayodgAranuM pariNAma gaNatA nathI. "AtmAnI kalA' svarUpe kavitAnI vyAkhyA karI AnaMdazaMkare e vyAkhyAne vizada karavA bhASya racyuM che. e bhASya vaDe emaNe manuSya AtmAnAM aMgabhUta evAM buddhi, hRdaya, kRti (Moral) ane dhArmikatAnI jarUriyAto saMtoSe evI apekSA rAkhI che. ahI kRtino aMgrejI paryAya temaNe Moral' evo Apyo che. A aMgrejI paryAya "naitikatA' yA nItibhAvanAno sUcaka che. ane "kRti' saMjJAno Avo naitikatAno artha temane abhipreta paNa che. kAraNake kRtinuM aucitya ... nIti sAthe paNa saMbaMdha dharAve che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. buddhi, hRdaya, kRti ane aMtarAtmAnI jarUriyAto saMtoSe evAM sattvovALI racanAne ja teo "kavitAnI uttamottama bhAvanA siddha karatI kavitA" gaNe che. jo ke ahIM e paNa noMdhavuM joIe ke : "kharekhara to kAvyamAM mAtra buddhi, hRdaya, kRti, aMtarAtmA e cAra tattvone ochA vadhatApaNuM temane mana gauNa che. mULa tattva to kAvyatattva che. e kAvyatattva hoya to pachI uparyukta cAra tattvonI nyUnAdhikatA eka akasmAta banI rahe che". (buddhiprakAza, Disembara, 1978 pR.466) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 33 A badhAM satyonuM darzana kalAe pratyakSa rUpe karAvavAnuM nathI, paNa parokSa rUpe kalA ane kavitA dvArA cAturIthI karAvavAnuM rahe che. sauMdaryanI sAthe sAthe AtmAnI bIjI bhAvanAone vyakta karI kavi "akSara'nuM - paramatattvanuM darzana karAve che. paramatattva "A jagatanI pAra ane A jagatamAM hovAthI kevaLa bhAvanAvAda ke kevaLa vAstavavAdamAM rAcatA kavione AnaMdazaMkara adhUrA kavi kahe che. temanA mate : "kavi jagatane avagaNI mAtra bhAvanAnA pradezamAM ja ramyA kare, athavA to bhAvanAnA jagata pratye aMdha rahI A jagatanA ja yAMtrika citro yAne phoTogrApha lIdhA kare to e kavi adhUro (..) prathama paMktinA mahAna kavio to te ja che ke jeo A kSaramAM ane kSaranI pAra ema ubhayarUpe akSaranuM darzana karAve che." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.98) kalAmAM yathArthatA hovI joIe kharI, paNa e yathArthatA sAmAnya lokadaSTinI nahi, paNa sauMdaryanI yathArthatA hovI joIe. kalAno dharma satyanuM saMrakSaNa karavAno che. e kharuM paNa "Logician ke Naturalist' nuM satya te ja kalAkAranuM satya nathI. kavie potAnA sarjanamAM je maryAdA svIkAravAnI che te "jagatanI vAstavikatAnI nahi, paNa "sauMdaryanI vAstavikatAnI che. tethI AnaMdazaMkara kalAmAM Possibility - zakyatA - nA tattvano nahi, paNa Probability -saMbhavitatA-nA tattvano svIkAra kare che. kAraNake "kalA suMdaratA sivAya bIjI yathArthatA samajatI nathI." evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. kalA mAtra suMdaratAnI yathArthatAne ja samajatI hovAthI AnaMdazaMkara sAhityamAtrane AnaMdalakSI gaNAve che. "eka (Classical) "saMskArI saMyama' dvArA AnaMda zodhe che, bIjuM (Romantic) "jIvananA ullAsa' dvArA zodhe che" (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.46) ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara klAsikala ane romenTikanA sAhityika kaMThano suMdara samanvaya karI Ape che. jIvananA svarUpanuM Alekhana karavuM ane e dvArA sahRdayane AnaMda Apavo te kAvyano anivArya dharma che. A AnaMdane AnaMdazaMkara AtmAnaMda tarIke oLakhAve che. "kavitA eTale alaukika jJAna ane AnaMdadAyI zabdArtha rUpe AtmAno AvirbhAva". (kAvyatatvavicAra, pR. 283) A vizvanI je je vastumAM manuSya AtmA rasa laI zake te sarva kavitAno viSaya che ane rasa upajAvanAra vastu te AtmAmAM bahArathI AvIne paDatI nathI, paNa AtmAnuM potAnuM svarUpAnusaMdhAna ja che. A daSTie tene ja kAvya kahI zakAya ke je "akhaMDa vastunuM - sAkSAtadarzana" karAvatuM hoya. AvA sAkSAt darzanathI prApta thatA kAvyAnaMdane AnaMdazaMkara kAvyano prANa mAne che. AvI mahimAvaMta ane ucca kavitAne AnaMdazaMkara 'vAjhevI" rUpa kahe che. bhAratIya paraMparAmAM kavitAne devI rUpe pUjavAmAM Ave che, jene AnaMdazaMkara yathArtha gaNAve che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana "paramAtmAnA divya jyotinuM bhAna karAvavAnuM kavitA sAmarthya dharAve che. kharekhara kavi phakta kavana karanAro eTale ke gAnAro ja nathI, paNa krAMtadarzI - pAradarzI che, ane je satya e najare jue che e paramAtmAnA pratIka rUpa - mukhachAyArUpa che." (kAvyatattvavicAra,pR.11) kaLAne vyavahAranI pravRtti mAnatA hovA chatAM kalAnuM prayojana mAtra AnaMda ApavAnuM ja che ema AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. Ama temanI sauMdarya niSThA jIvana sAthe saMlagna che. 34 AnaMdazaMkaranI A samagra kAvyavibhAvanAmAM prAcIna ane arvAcIna, pUrva ane pazcimanA tattvaciMtako, kalAmImAMsakonA siddhAMtonA guNalakSaNo saMkalita thayelAM pramANI zakAya che. jo ke Ano artha evo nathI ke AnaMdazaMkaranA kalAdarzanamAM emanuM potAnuM svataMtra evuM kaMI ja nathI. zrI manasukhalAla jhaverI AnaMdazaMkaranA kalAdarzananI maulikatA samajAvatAM kahe che : "paraspara virodhI maMtavyo, siddhAMto ane vAdonI jaTila bhulabhulAmaNImAMthI mArga kADhIne AcAryazrIe A jAtanuM saLaMga sUtra ane suzliSTa darzana rajU karyuM che, temaja kalA praznone tattvajJAna ane mAnasazAstranI kasoTIe kasIne emaNe sattva tAravyuM che. te ja emanI maulikatAno vijaya che." (paryeSaNA, pR.50) joke AnaMdazaMkaranA kalAdarzanane kaMIka judI dRSTithI vilokI zrI vijaya zAstrI tenI maryAdA paNa darzAvI Ape che. temanA mate "AnaMdazaMkaranI kAvya vyAkhyAmAM kAvyakRtinAM aMtaraMga tattvo - Ingredients ane temanA pramANane kendramAM rAkhIne carcA thaI che. tene badale A badhA ghaTaka dravyo kAvyanuM rUpa kaI rIte dhare che tenI carcA thaI hota to ApaNI kAvya vizenI samajaNane saravALe vadhu lAbha thayo hota". (buddhiprakAza - Disembara, 1978, pR.466) AnaMdazaMkare sarjanAtmaka sAhitya, kavitA, navalakathA jevuM lakhyuM nathI. sarjanAtmaka sAhityamAM temanuM koI vizeSa pradAna nathI. jIvanabhara emaNe ciMtanAtmaka ke vivecanAtmaka nibaMdho lakhyA che. eTale temanI sAhityasarjananI kSamatAnI carcA karavI atre ucita nathI. Ama chatAM nibaMdhonI maryAdAmAM rahIne emanAmAM pracchanna rahelA sarjakane emaNe AviSkAra Apyo che ema kahI zakAya. potAnAM maMtavyone spaSTa karavA mATe emaNe je dRSTAMto ApyAM che e emanI kavitva zaktino unmeSa pragaTa kare che. emano Azaya kavitva pragaTa karavAno hoto nathI, potAnA vicArane samarthana maLI rahe e ja emanI mukhya pravRtti che. chatAM e dRSTAMto tatkALa pUratAM to ApaNane emanI kAvyocita zakti vizeSano paricaya ApanArA nIvaDe che. (saMskRti - Disembara, 1967, pR.472) AnaMdazaMkaranI A prasanna gaMbhIra zailIne mulavatAM zrI rA.vi.pAThaka lakhe che : "AcArya For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananI bhUmikA 35 zrI AnaMdazaMkarabhAInA lekho vAMcatAM prasannabIrA sarasvatI evo uddagAra saheje nIkaLI jAya che. emanA mAnasanA prasAda ane gAMbhIrya, emAMthI nIkaLI vahetI sarasvatImAM pUrepUrAM UtaryA che. emanI sAhityamImAMsA, emanA tattvajJAna jeTale UMDe jAya che ane e haMmezAM prasanna hoya che. banne arthamAM : te svastha paNa che ane svaccha paNa che". "zAMkarabhASyanI prasanna gaMbhIratA AnaMdazaMkarane vArasAmAM UtarI che." ema udgAra kADhI zrI rA.vi.pAThaka AnaMdazaMkaranI zailIne "ghana, gaMbhIra, mitAkSarI, sIdhI, lakSyagAmI, samatAvALI ane ekasarakhI aucityavALI" zailI kahe che. (sAhityaloka, pR.56, 122, 60) rasajJatA ane marmajJatA bharyA AnaMdazaMkaranA lakhANomAM aMtano parihAra ane madhyanuM grahaNa e siddhAMta rahelo jovA maLe che. emanI abhinava zailI pokaLa nathI lAgatI kAraNake e vicAra samRddha che. tattvajJAna, dharma ane sAhityanA gaMbhIra prazno AnaMdazaMkaranA lakhANonA nirUpaNa viSayo che. tema chatAM temano jhoka saraLa bhASA prayojavA tarapha jaNAya che. atizayokti, Aveza, nirarthaka vAkyApalya, kaTutA ke pradarzaniyA zabdALutAthI emanI bhASA ghaNI dUra hoya che. "viveka ane buddhinI bhUmikA parathI badhuM lakhatA hovAthI emanI bhASAmAM vArtha vAvoDanubhAvati ema bane che." (...) "mitAkSaritA, miSTatA, ziSTatA, saraLatA, vizadatA ane prasAda AnaMdazaMkaranA gadyanA evA guNo che, je sIdhA emanA vyakitatvamAMthI temAM UtarI AvyA che. "zIla tevI zailI" e kathana temanA pUratuM pUruM sAcuM Thare che." (unsIlana, pR.109) temanAM lakhANomAMthI maulika, AdhArabhUta ane prAmANika sAmagrI maLe rahe che. temanA vicAromAM satyapriyatA, anubhavI TharelatA temaja jJAnanI vyApakatA che. guNa dekhAya teTale aMze ja tenuM nirUpaNa karI satyane pArakhI taTasthatAthI darzAvavuM e temanA lakhANanI khAsiyata che. - 1920mAM chaThThI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada vakhate ravIndranAtha TAgore AnaMdazaMkara viSe je udgAro kADhelA te emane mATe utkRSTa pramANapatra ane aMjalirUpa banI rahe che. "A eka mANasa ciMtanazIla ane mahAna aMtaHkaraNanA che, mUla satya paryata emanI dRSTi pahoMce che." (sAdhanAtrayI, pR.527) AnaMdazaMkaranI pratibhAne mUlavatAM ApaNA mahAna ciMtaka - zikSaka DaoN.sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNane emanA viSe kaheluM ke: "Acharya Anandshankar B. Dhruv was one of the most Cultured Sanskrit Scholars of our generation. Unlike many Sanskritists who belonged to the past, he belonged to the India that is to come." (AnaMdazaMkara dhruva-lekha saMcaya, pR.XIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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36 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana saMskRta temaja aMgrejI bhASAnA vicakSaNa hovA chatAM gujarAtI bhASAne ja potAnA ciMtananuM mAdhyama banAvI tattvajJAna, dharma ane sAhityanA kSetre AnaMdazaMkare ApeluM viziSTa yogadAna gujarAta atyAre jemAM raMka banatuM jAya che evI ekaniSTha abhyAsatinuM ane mananapUta vADmaya tapazcaryAnuM, dRSTinI vizALatAnuM ane vicArasaraNInI spaSTatAnuM mUlyavAna pratIka che ane ApaNane maLelo mahAmUlo vAraso che. AnaMdazaMkaranA A amUlya vArasAnuM jatana ane saMvardhana karavuM e gujarAtanI javAbadArI che. DaoN.rAdhAkRSNanI haroLamAM AvI zake tevuM temanuM uttama ciMtana, vizvanA pahelI haroLanA koIpaNa ciMtakanI sAthe UbhA rahevAnuM sAmarthya dharAve che. D D D For Personal & Private Use Only

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4 (1) bhUmikA navajAgRti kALa daramyAna aMgejI keLavaNIthI prabhAvita thaIne bhAratamAM zarU thayeluM parasaMskRtikanA anukaraNa samAna sudhArAvAdI AMdolana bhAratIya dharmamAnasane pratikULa hovAthI, vyApaka svIkAra pAmI zakyuM nahIM. tenI sAme dezanI AbohavA, paraMparA ane prakRtine anukULa hoya te rIte sAmAjika punarutthAnanI eka navI vicAradhArA zarU thaI. gujarAtamAM maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedInI A vicAra paraMparAmAM AnaMdazaMkaranI zraddhA dRDha thaI hatI. temanuM mukhya kArya tattvajJAna, dharma ane sAhityanuM aitihAsika paddhati dvArA sarvekSaNa karI bhAratanA AdhyAtmika vArasAnI punarvicAraNA ane punarutthAna aMgenuM hatuM. ApaNA mAnasane anukULa hoya te rIte punarjAgaraNanuM kAma karavAnI eka navI praNAlikA anusAra je kaMI prazno UbhA thayA enuM dArzanika nirUpaNa ane nirAkaraNa AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM joI zakAya che. AnaMdazaMkaranI dArzanika zraddhA zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaita upara sthira thayelI hatI. emaNe dharmanA svarUpane vizALa pariprekSyamAM vicArI dharmane jIvananA kendramAM prasthApyo che. bhAratIya paraMparAmAM rahelA dharma ane tattvajJAnanA avirodhane AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA dharma-ciMtananI AgavI vizeSatA gaNAve che. temaNe advaitanI bhUmikA 52 ja dharma ane tattvajJAnanI abhinnatA siddha karI che. tattvajJAna ane jIvana : dArzanika ciMtanavizva tattvajJAna ane dharma manuSya jIvana sAthe otaprota che. tattvajJAna e dharmanuM bauddhika pAsuM che. bhAratIya paraMparAmAM to ene dharmanuM anivArya aMga ja mAnavAmAM Ave che. dharmanA anivArya aMga tarIke tattvajJAnamAM jIvana jeTalI ja vyApakatA ane jIvana jeTaluM ja UMDANa che. manuSya jIvanane lagatA badhA viSayone tattvajJAna, jIvanavyApI ane kSitijavyApI dRSTie jovA mathe che. tattvajJAnanA vizALa kSetramAM jJAna, vijJAna ane adhyAtmanA badhA viSayo samAyelA che. jIvana vyavasthA, samAja vyavasthA ane vicAra vyavasthAne tamAma pUrvagraho ane gRhItone For Personal & Private Use Only

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38 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana tyajI tattvajJAna mANasanA jIvananA vividha kSetrone lagatI mULabhUta mAnyatAonuM svarUpa spaSTa kare che. temaja temanI samAlocanA karI tenA prAmANyano nirNaya kare che. Ama, AlocanAtmaka dRSTithI tattvajJAna manuSya jIvananA samagra anubhava kSetrane AvarI le che. AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva tattvajJAnane jIvananA anubhavonI AlocanAtmaka tapAsa karatAM zAstra tarIke pramANe che. : "tattvaciMtana (Philosophy) eTale padArthanA bhAsamAna svarUpathI para tattvabhUta svarUpa zuM che ane e tattvanI dRSTi bhAsamAna svarUpano zo khulAso che eno buddhi dvArA vicAra" (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 17) tattvavicAranA viSayavastune spaSTa karavA AnaMdazaMkara tene traNa kSetromAM vibhAjita kare che : (1) sataviSayaka (bAhya ane AMtara sataviSayaka)-(Metaphysics and Psychology) (2) kartavyaviSayaka (Ethics) (3) sauMdaryaviSayaka (Aesthetics) uparokta vyAkhyA ane viSayanA vibhAjana parathI spaSTa thAya che ke AnaMdazaMkara tattvajJAnane eka jIvanavyApI daSTibiMdu rUpe svIkArI tattvamImAMsA, nItimImAMsA ane saudaryamImAMsAne temAM samAvI le che. tattvajJAna anya jJAna zAkhAonI samAna kakSAnuM ja eka zAstra che evI mAnyatAne AnaMdazaMkara bhUlabharelI mAne che. temanA mate jJAnanI sarva zAkhAomAM tattvajJAnano praveza che. tethI sarva jJAnanA mULarUpe enuM sthAna che. ahIM tattvajJAna tenA vizALa pariprekSyamAM jIvana sAtheno anubaMdha dharAve che. saMsArane avalokavAnI eka dRSTi rUpe tattvajJAnano svIkAra AnaMdazaMkara kare che. "jIva - jagata ane paramAtmAnA svarUpanuM, jJAnanI eka svataMtra zAkhArUpe ciMtana, eTalAmAM ja tattvajJAna samApta thatuM nathI. ItihAsa ane vijJAnanAM mULa zodhavA tathA teno artha karavAmAM paNa tattvajJAna pravarte che. A daSTie manuSyanuM baMdhAraNa, eno A paridRzyamAna vizva sAthe saMbaMdha, enI svAbhAvika pravRtti-nivRttinI bhAvanAo, ityAdi sarva vicAra tattvajJAnanA peTAmAM paDe che." (sAhityavicAra - pR.107) jIvananI mULabhUta mAnyatAonI samIkSAtmaka tapAsa karatAM zAstra tarIke tattvajJAna manuSyanA samagra jIvanane vyApIne raheluM che. saMsArane avalokavAnA eka daSTibiMdu tarIke tattvajJAna sahune AvakArya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 39 tattvajJAnanuM kArya ane prayojana : AnaMdazaMkare svIkArelI tattvajJAnanI vyAkhyA anusAra vastunuM yathArtha svarUpa zuM che e vicAravAnuM kAma tattvajJAnanuM che, eTale ke tattvazAstra pramANa dvArA vastu svabhAvano nirNaya kare che. vastu svabhAvano nirNaya karavAnA tattvajJAnanA A kArya viSe prayojanalakSI vicAra karatAM be prakAranA abhigamo prApta thAya che. tattvajJAna tattvajJAna khAtara ja arthAt svayaMprayojanazIla che ke koI vyavahArika upayogitA dharAve che ? tattvajJAnanA vyavahArika upayogane svIkAranArA ciMtako mAne che ke atyAre jagata asaMkhya vyavahAra praznothI chinnabhinna thaI rahyuM che eno ukela lAvavAmAM tattvajJAne upayogI thavuM joIe, ane te na thAya to tattvajJAnanuM koI prayojana nathI. jayAre tattvajJAnanuM mAtra jJAnAtmaka mUlya svIkAranArA - 'jJAna khAtara jJAna' - mAM mAnanArAonA mata pramANe tattvajJAna upara vyavahAranA praznono bhAra nAkhavo yogya nathI. tattvajJAnanA prayojana saMbaMdhI A be abhigamono samanvaya AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM jovA maLe che. teo kahe che : "tattvajJAna tattvajJAna khAtara to che paNa te sAthe vyavahAramAM paNa upakAraka che, arthAtu ene rAjapadethI bhraSTa karI sevakane sthAne mUkayA vinA, bIjI rIte kahIe to zuddha vAtAvaraNamAMthI utArI dhULamAM ragadoLyA vinA, enA prakAza ane baLathI ApaNA aneka vyavahArika praznono ApaNe khulAso karI zakIe chIe, balka evA praznono Akharano ane kAyamano niveDo tattvajJAnanI UMcI bhUmikA upara ja zakya che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.554) Ama, upayogitAne ja AnaMdazaMkara tattvajJAnanuM prayojana mAnatA nathI. tattvano adhikAra che ke ene koI jANe ane ApaNo paNa adhikAra che ke ApaNe tattvane jANIe. tattvanuM jJAna vyavahAramAM upayogI che e eno eka AnuSaMgika lAbha che, paNa eTalA mAtrathI ja enI kiMmatanI AMkaNI karavAnuM AnaMdazaMkarane mAnya nathI. mAtra zuSka tarkanA pAyA para racAyeluM tattvajJAna ekAMgI che tema mAtra vyavahAranA tathyonI tapAsa karI tene posatuM tattvajJAna paNa ekAMgI che. A saMdarbhamAM vyavahAra ane paramArthanA virodhane dUra karavAnuM kAma tattvajJAnanuM che ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara vyavahAra ane paramArtha (zuddhajJAna)no samanvaya sAdhI Ape che. "eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke vyavahAra ane paramArtha athavA to lokabuddhi (Common sense) ane tattvajJAna (Philosophy)e eka ekathI taddana viyukta nathI. vyavahAramAM eka ane paramArthamAM bIjuM, ema be sAthe sAthe For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana paraspara viruddha siddhAMta mUkIe to manuSyane kartavyatAno eka nizcita mArga jaDe nahi,- be mArga vacce muMjhAIne Ubho rahe, athavA to ene baMnemAM khoTAM rUpa ja hAtha lAge. vyavahAra ane paramArtha ubhaya eka ja mArga che. lokabuddhimAM je kAMI satya manAtuM hoya e sarvane khoTuM TharAvavA mATe tattvajJAna nathI. tema eNe lokabuddhinA gulAma thaI rahevAnuM paNa nathI. lokabuddhinuM aMtargata paramatattva pakaDI e tatvanuM pUrNa svarUpa samajI laI tadanusAra je je loka vicAro bhrAmAtmaka lAge che te dUra karavA ane potAnuM sAmrAjya sthApavuM e ja enuM kAma che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.76) Ama, prakRtinAM satyo ke vyavahArane uthalAvI pADavAnuM kAma tattvajJAnanuM nathI, paNa vyavahAranI aMdara rahelA mithyAtvane, keTalAka bhrAmAtmaka khyAlone dUra karavAnuM kAma tattvajJAnanuM che. dhyeya, kArya ane jJAnanA svarUpanI bAbatamAM tattvajJAna ane vijJAna vacce sAmya jovA maLe che. tema chatAM bannenuM prayojana eka nathI. A saMdarbhamAM tattvajJAna ane vijJAnanA prayojana aMgenA AnaMdazaMkaranA vicAro noMdhanIya che. - vijJAna ApaNane jIvADI zake, paNa jIvanano hetu zo? ane e hetu siddha karavA ApaNe kevI rIte jIvavuM joIe? kayA prakAranuM jIvana jIvato samAja saMskRtinI ucca avasthAe pahoMce, kayA prakAranI saMskRti TakavAnuM vizeSa sAmarthya dharAve che ? A prazno tattvajJAnanA kSetranA che. "saMskRtine TakavAnI Avazyaka paristhiti(Conditions)sAyansa avalokanathI nakkI karI zake, paNa e ja paristhitinI kiMmata (value) AMkavI,eTale ke - enA balAbalanI mApaNI nahi, paNa enI uccatAnuM mUlya AMkavuM, e paristhitino artha(meaning) karavo. arthAt e ja paristhiti saMskRtine TakavAmAM anukULa thAya che. ethI UlaTI paristhiti nathI e zuM sUcave che? A ciMtana te sAyansanI pArano tattvajJAnano viSaya". (dharmavicAra-1, pR. papa6). arthAt vyavahAranAM tathyonuM varNana karavAnuM kAma vijJAna kare che. tattvajJAna tenAthI eka kakSA upara jAya che. saMskRtine TakavAnI Avazyaka paristhitinI kiMmata (value) AMkanAra zAstra tarIke AnaMdazaMkara tattvajJAnane pramANe che. bhAratIya tattvajJAna - svarUpa ane kSetraH - "ApaNuM tattvajJAna", "zAstraciMtana', "ApaNo dharma vagere lekhomAM dharma ane tattvajJAnanI ekatA siddha karI che. AnaMdazaMkara bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI ananyatA vyakta karatAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 41 lakhe che ke: "hiMdustAna enI aneka saMpattiomAM koIpaNa eka saMpatti mATe savizeSa abhimAna rAkhe che. to te enuM tattvajJAna che." (dharmavicAra 1 pR. 20) AnaMdazaMkaranA "dharma ane tattvaciMtana'nA vividha lekhomAMthI e vAta phalita thAya che ke temane mana tattvajJAna ane dharma bhinna nathI. dharma e tattvajJAnanI ja abhivyakti che, tattvajJAnanuM vyavahArika svarUpa che. Ama, temanA mate dharmanuM kArya ane tattvajJAnanuM kArya eka ja che. veda-upaniSadathI mAMDI navajAgRti kALa sudhImAM hiMdustAnamAM je kAMI sAhitya racAyuM temAM dharma, tattvajJAna ane sAhityano anokho samanvaya jovA maLe che, je hiMdustAnanA tattvajJAnanuM bhUSaNa che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mateH "hiMdustAnanuM tattvajJAna darzanagraMtho tarIke je suprasiddha che temAM ja raheluM nathI. paNa prAcIna vedathI mAMDI purANa sudhInA graMthonI kavi pratibhAmAM pragaTa thayeluM che. A ApaNA tattvajJAnanuM bhUSaNa che - dUSaNa nathI" (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 24) bhAratIya paraMparAmAM dharma, tattvajJAna ane sAhityanI ekatA siddha karI AnaMdazaMkara bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA vizALa svarUpano paricaya Ape che. paraMtu AnaMdazaMkara mAtra paraMparAnA ja anurAgI rUDhivAdI ciMtaka nathI, paraMtu satyanA anveSaNa mATe prayatna karanAra eka jAgRta vicAraka che. ApaNA dharma ane tattvajJAnamAM pravezI gayelA keTalAMka nirarthaka tattvonI paNa teo noMdha le che ane vartamAna samayamAM e aMge ApaNI zI pharaja che te paNa darzAve che. ApaNA tattvajJAna ane dharmanI vartamAna sthiti darzAvatAM teo kahe che : "ApaNA dharma ane tattvajJAnanA maMdira tarapha najara karo. e maMdira ghaNuM prAcIna che, paNa e prAcInatAne lIdhe jema emAM ghaNA guNo AvyA che, tema ApaNe mAthe keTalIka muzkelIo utpanna thaI che. ApaNA ItihAsanA aneka caDhatIpaDatInA samayamAM ApaNe e vizALa maMdirane joIe tevuM sAphasUpha rAkhI zakyA nathI. tenA lIdhe emAM ajJAnanAM puSkaLa jALAM bAjhayAM che, khUNe khUNe cAmAcIDiyAMe vAsa karyo che, bhavya ane suMdara citro seMkaDo varSathI dhULathI ane jyAM tyAM pharelA aNasamaju kaDiyAnA kUcaDAthI DhaMkAI gayAM che. (...) e prAcIna devAlayano uddhAra karavAmAM, ane enI dIvAlo dhoIne pharI sApha karavAmAM, kaMI nahi to ekAda be jALAM khaMkherI kADhavAmAM, ke aMdhArAmAM jarA battI pheravavAmAM bhAga levo e dareka sanAtana hiMdudhamanI pharaja che."(dharmavicAra-1, pR. 339) ApaNA dharma ane tattvajJAnamAM dAkhala thaI gayelAM khoTAM tattvone dUra karI tenuM kharuM svarUpa samajavA mATe AnaMdazaMkara aitihAsika paddhatithI dharma ane tattvajJAnano abhyAsa karavAnuM kahe che. A saMdarbhamAM ApaNA tattvadarzananI paraspara saMgati aitihAsika paddhatie karavAnI For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana anivAryatA darzAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe cheH "tame pazcimanA vicArone mAnya karo agara na karo, paNa atyAre e vicAro cAre taraphathI ApaNA dharma ane tattvajJAna upara-balka ApaNA samasta jIvana upara dhasAro karatA Ave che. e sAme enuM rakSaNa karavuM hoya to jUnA vakhatanAM chUTAM chUTAM vacano TAMkIne kRtakRtyatA mAnavI nirarthaka che. pazcimanA AkSepano pazcimanI ja rItie, athavA to ene nisteja banAvI de evI prabaLatara paddhatie, uttara vALyA sivAya chUTako nathI." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 341) aMgrejI keLavaNI pAmelA ApaNA yuvAno upara ApaNA dharma ane tattvajJAna saMbaMdhI pratikULa asara utpanna thavA mAMDI che. AvA samaye ApaNA dharma ane tattvajJAnanI aitihAsika paddhatie tapAsa karI tenI sAphasUphI karI tenuM kharuM svarUpa jagata samakSa lAvavAnI anivAryatA AnaMdazaMkaranA vicAromAM jovA maLe che. bhAratIya tattvajJAnano aitihAsika paddhatithI vicAra karI AnaMdazaMkare potAnA lekho dvArA e spaSTa karI ApyuM che ke ApaNuM tattvajJAna caitanyathI bharelo jIvaMta padArtha che ane akhaMDa pRthvInA tattvajJAnanA vikAsamAM bhAga levA samartha che. e tattvajJAnane vartamAna svarUpamAM vizva samakSa mUkavAnI dizA paNa AnaMdazaMkare batAvI che. "hiMdanuM tattvajJAna eka jUnuM jaDI AveluM hADapiMjara nathI, paNa vedakALathI cAlI Avelo caitanyathI bharelo ane nitya vikasato jato eka jIvaMta padArtha che. tethI enA zarIranuM varNana karavA karatAM enA AtmAnuM prAkaTya karavA upara adhika dhyAna ApavuM joIe." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 553) Ama, AnaMdazaMkaranA mate ApaNuM tattvajJAna jIrNa vidyA nathI, paraMtu pazcimanA vartamAna tattvajJAnanI sAthe UbhuM rahI akhaMDa pRthvInA tattvajJAnanA vikAsamAM bhAga laI zake evo jIvaMta padArtha che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate bhAratIya tattvajJAnanuM svarUpa jIvaMta ane sadaiva vikAsazIla ciMtana che. bhAratIya tattvajJAnanuM svarUpa tenI sva-ciMtanazIlatAnA paripAka rUpe samagra anubhavane AzleSe che. AnaMdazaMkara pariSkRtinI jarUra bhAratIya tattvajJAna mATe Avazyaka gaNe che. paraMtu te paNa sva-ciMtanazIlatAne kAraNe ja zakaya bane che. jyAre A svaciMtanazIlatAmAM oTa AvI che tyAre tyAre ciMtanamAM jaraThatA vyApelI jovA maLe che. bhAratIya tattvajJAna paranA AkSepo ane uttaro : bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI dharma ane sAhitya sAthenI abhinnatAne kAraNe temaja vaidika yugathI vartamAna yuga sudhInA rAjakIya ane sAmAjika vikAsa kramamAM keTalAye utAra-caDhAva For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 43 AvavAne kAraNe tathA aMgrejonI sAmrAjyavAdI nItinA duSpacArane pariNAme bhAratIya tattvajJAna para pazcimanA ciMtako dvArA keTalAka AkSepo karavAmAM Ave che. e AkSeponA uttara AnaMdazaMkara aitihAsika ane tArkika paddhati dvArA Ape che. (1) bhAratIya tattvajJAna "dharma sAthe saMkIrNa (bheLaseLa)thaI gayeluM che ane tethI emAM tattvajJAnanuM zuddha svarUpa jovA maLatuM nathI. A AkSepano uttara AnaMdazaMkara pUrva ane pazcimanA tattvajJAnamAM rahelA bhedane AdhAre Ape che. pUrvamAM rahelI dharma ane tattvajJAnanI ekatAne AnaMdazaMkara tenI AgavI vizeSatA mAne che. bhAratamAM tattvajJAnathI prApta darzana ja vyavahArika svarUpe dharma tarIke vyakta thAya che. bhAratIya dharmanA vividha saMpradAyonA pAyAmAM paNa tattvajJAnano ja saiddhAMtika Azraya rahelo che. vastunA yathArtha svarUpano pramANa dvArA nirNaya karatuM zAstra eTale tattvajJAna. satya, ziva ane sauMdaryanA kSetranI mULabhUta mAnyatAono sarvadezI ane samIkSAtmaka vicAra karI tenA yathArtha svarUpano nirNaya tattvajJAna kare che. AnaMdazaMkara tattvajJAnano dharma sAtheno avirodha tAravI batAve che. dharma ane tattvajJAna ekabIjAmAM bhaLI jAya e AnaMdazaMkarane mana koI doSa nathI, kAraNake dharma ane tattvajJAna bannenA viSayo eka ja che. dharmanAM satyo tapAsavA ane daSTigocara karavA e tattvajJAnanuM kArya che, jyAre tattvajJAnanA satyo upara vizva TakI (dhu) rahyuM che, e batAvavAnuM ane batAvIne ene jIvanamAM vaNavAnuM kAma dharmanuM che. tethI svAbhAvika rIte baMne ekabIjAmAM maLI kAma kare temAM ja emanI saphaLatAne AnaMdazaMkara pramANe che. manuSyanA hRdayamAM anubhavatA jIva, jagata ane Izvara saMbaMdhI gaMbhIra prazno ane AkAMkSAnA khulAsA karavAnuM kAma dharmanuM che. tattvajJAna paNa Aja mahApraznonI anveSaNA kare che. paraMtu tattvajJAnanA satyo mAtra vicArarUpa ke vANIrUpa rahe to emAM tattvajJAnanI pUrNatA anubhavAtI nathI. AnaMdazaMkara tattvajJAna ane dharmanAM kAryono samanvaya sAdhIne bannenI ekarUpatA siddha kare che. tattvajJAna ane dharma bannenuM kArya mAnava jIvananA sarve vyavahAromAM satyanA anubhavane caritArtha karavAthI siddha thAya che. bhAratIya prajAnA vyaktigata ane sAmAjika vyavahAra tenA dharmAnusAra thatA hoya che, ane dharma tattvajJAnanA pAyA upara racAyelo hoya che eTale e rIte bhAratamAM tattvajJAna, dharma ane jIvana vyavahAra ekabIjAthI abhinna rIte saMyojAyelA jovA maLe che je AnaMdazaMkarane mana bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI AgavI vizeSatA che. AnaMdazaMkaranA samakAlIna paMDita yuganA bIjA prakhara vidvAna narmadAzaMkara mahetA ApaNe tyAM dharma ane tattvajJAnane pazcimamAM gaNavAmAM Ave che tema alaga alaga gaNyA nathI tenuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana rahasya samajAvatAM kahe che : "pazcimanI tattvavidyAnAM prasthAno buddhinA vilAsarUpa ane mallakustInA akhADA che, tyAre ApaNI tattvavidyA puruSArthanA sAdhanarUpa ane dayane sparza karanArI ramya vATikA che. ApaNo dharma ane ApaNuM tattvadarzana banne vedazAstramAMthI prakaTa thayelA che. dharma ane brahma e be vedanA prameyo che ane te prameyo upAsanA kAMDathI joDAyelA khaMDo che. (dharmatattvavicAra - pR.41) dharma ane tattvajJAnanI ekatA ApaNe tyAM svAbhAvika ja che. dharma AcArano AdhAra che. to tattvajJAna vicArano AdhAra che. bhakti vinAnuM tattvajJAna ane sUkSma samaja vinAnI bhakti banne puruSArthanI siddhimAM asamartha nIvaDe che. tethI dharma ane tattvajJAnano avirodha che. narmadAzaMkara mahetAnA A vicArane AnaMdazaMkara pazcimanA tattvajJAnanA saMdarbhamAM samajAve che. pazcimamAM dharma ane tattvajJAna alaga alaga che tenuM kAraNa tAttvika nathI, paNa aitihAsika che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. aitihAsika rIte joIe to yuropano dharma pelesTAInamAMthI Avelo che, jayAre enuM tattvajJAna grIsamAMthI AvyuM che ane tethI baMne vacce cokkasa bheda rekhA jovA maLe che. khristI dharmanA AraMbhakALamAM to e dharmanA je siddhAMto baMdhAyA te grIka tattvajJAnanI asara nIce ja baMdhAyA hatA. te pachI madhyayugamAM khristI dharmanA pAdarIo upara erisToTalanA ciMtanano prabhAva spaSTa rIte jovA maLe che. Ama chatAM ItihAsamAM ema banyuM che ke pazcimamAM dharma ane tattvajJAna alaga alaga rIte vikaselA che. AnaMdazaMkara AnuM kAraNa ApatAM kahe che? "samaya jatAM tattvajJAnanI dRSTie khristI dharmanA siddhAMto zithila thavA lAgyA ane beno paraspara virodha pragaTa thavA lAgyo. tyAre keTalAka dhArmika AtmAoe dharma ane tattvajJAnane chUTA pADyA. e rIte emano avirodha sAdhavAno prayatna karyo. vastutaH AvA kRtrima prayatna saphaLa thatA nathI." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 21) anukULatA khAtara dharma ane tattvajJAnane bhinna gaNavAnI A rItane AnaMdazaMkara kRtrima ane mithyA gaNe che. Ama bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM rahelo teno dharma sAtheno avirodha svAbhAvika che. A avirodha tattvajJAnanA vizALa arthane dhyAnamAM letAM anivArya paNa che. zrI araviMda paNa bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI dharma sAthenI abhinnatAne pramANamAM lakhe che: "bhAratIya tattvajJAna mAtra kalpanAniSTha tarkano havAI bauddhika vyAyAma nathI, yuropIya tattvajJAnanA ghaNA bhAganI mAphaka te koI vicAra ane zabdanA kAMtaNanI sUkSmAtisUkSma prakriyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 45 nathI, e che bhAratIya dharmanA AtmA, vicAra, kriyAzIla satya, lAgaNI ane zaktinA hArdano eka suvyavasthita buddhiniSTha siddhAMta athavA tenuM AMtaracetanA AdiSTadarzana." (bhAratIya saMskRtinA pAyA, pR. 83) A saMdarbhamAM paMDita sukhalAlajI paNa lakhe che ke "bhAratamAM je tattvajJAna jIvita rahevA pAmyuM che te dharma saMpradAyanA Azrayane laIne ja. jeno koI dharmasaMpradAya astitvamAM na Avyo athavA TakI na zakyo te tattvajJAna nAmazeSa thaI gayuM che." (bhAratIya tattvavidyA, pR. 10) (2) bhAratIya tattvajJAna tattvajJAna ja na kahevAya, kAraNake jJAna haMmezA paddhatisara karelo vicAra hovo joIe, jenI hiMdustAnanA kahevAtA tattvajJAnamAM khAmI che. veda-upaniSadathI mAMDI navajAgRti kALa sudhImAM hiMdustAnamAM dharma ane tattvajJAnanA kSetre je kAMI paNa kheDANa thayuM te moTe bhAge sAhityanA mAdhyamathI pragaTa thayeluM che. tene laIne bhAratIya tattvajJAna upara Avo AkSepa karavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu pazcimamAM jema dharma ane tattvajJAna bhinna che tema tattvajJAna ane sAhitya paNa ekabIjAthI bhinna che, jyAre ApaNe tyAM tattvajJAna sAhityAdi kalAonA mAdhyamathI paNa AvyuM che. zrI narmadAzaMkara mahetA lakhe che : "pazcimamAM tattvajJAna mAtra buddhi vilAsarUpa che ane kalAjJAna mAtra bhAvasaMtarpaNa karanAra che, tyAre bhAratavarSamAM tattvajJAna mokSarUpe puruSArthanuM sAdhana che ane kalAjJAna adhyAtma AnaMdanuM nimitta che" (dharmatattvavicAra, pR. 179) Ama, adhyAtma bhAvanAnA utkarSamAM ApaNe tyAM kalAno sarvAMze upayoga thayo che. AnaMdazaMkara paNa sAhityane tattvavicAranI abhivyaktinuM vadhu sAruM mAdhyama mAne che. uparokta AkSepanA uttaramAM AnaMdazaMkara jJAnamImAMsAnA kSetranA eka mahattvanA prazna "jJAnanA svarUpanI carcA kare che. pazcimanA tattvajJAnamAM jJAnamImAMsA kSetre eka sAMkaDI samajaNa jovA maLe che. vicArazreNI e ja jJAna. jJAnanA svarUpane jotAM AvA haThAgrahane AnaMdazaMkara barAbara lekhatA nathI. prathamathI koI eka paddhati nizcita karI pachI tenA AdhAre tattvanA svarUpane samajavAnI, mApavAnI pAzcAtya praNAlImAM eka prakArano paddhatigata matAgraha jovA maLe che. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara pazcimanI jJAnamImAMsAnA aitihAsika vikAsanI spaSTatA kare che. pazcimanA tattvajJAnamAM grIka philasUpha erisToTalanI asara lAMbo kALa cAlI hatI ane e mahAna tattvavettAe tattvanA nirNayanI je paddhati pADI hatI te ja yuropa - amerikAmAM pracalita thaI. paraMtu arvAcIna yugamAM, jarmana philasUpha kAnTanI asara taLe paNa e ja "paddhatisara vicAra karavAnI praNAlI cAlyA karI che. erisToTala ane kAnTanA prabhAvane kAraNe yuropamAM paddhatino ati Agraha jovA maLe che, jene AnaMdazaMkara yuropanA tattvajJAnanI khAmI gaNe che. tenI sAme For Personal & Private Use Only

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46 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM jovA maLatI jJAnavicAranI prakriyA vadhu uccatara che ema AnaMdazaMkara siddha karI Ape che. temanA mate : jJAna e eka jIvaMta padArtha hoI, ene svacchede vilasavAno adhikAra che ane e pramANe e vilase che ja, balka vizvanAM parama ane carama satyo jeTalA paddhatisara vicAra vaDe nahi, teTalAM divya darzanamAM prakaTa thayAM che. AvA divya darzananuM eka sarvagrAhya svarUpa kavipratibhA che ane tethI tattvajJAna e tArkikone ja sAdhya che ema nathI kintu kavipratibhAmAM e puSkaLa prakaTa thayuM che ane A dezanA prAcIna tattvajJoe ene kavikalpanAmAM mUrtimaMta karyuM che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 21) Ama, prathamathI koI eka paddhati nizcita karI pachI tenA AdhAre tattvanA svarUpane samajavAnI ke mApavAnI pAzcAtya praNAlI eka prakAranA paddhatigata matAgrahathI pIDAya che. tattvanuM svarUpa eTaluM jaTila (gahana) che ke tene koI eka paddhatinA cokaThAmAM goThavI zakAya nahIM - bAMdhI zakAya nahIM. tethI ja AnaMdazaMkara jJAnane eka jIvaMta padArtha tarIke svIkArI tene potAnI meLe vilasavAno adhikAra Ape che. bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM paddhatisara vicArasaraNI nathI tevo AkSepa "jJAnanA svarUpa' aMgenI saMkucita vicArasaraNIne kAraNe thayelo che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. tattvajJAna mAtra tArkikone ja sAdhya che ema nathI, paraMtu kavipratibhAmAM e puSkaLa pragaTa thayuM che' - tenA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA prAcIna graMthomAMthI keTalAMka udAharaNo Ape che. (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 23) ApaNA prAcIna graMthomAM A pramANe tattvajJAna kivipratibhAmAM pragaTa thayAnA asaMkhya udAharaNo che. upaniSadamAM DItha nI upAsanA rahelI che. udagItha eTale uccAreluM bahAra pragaTeluM gAna. A sRSTi ane enA kendrabhUta sUrya Adi mahAna padArtho e paramAtmAnA gAna rUpa che evo bhAva e upAsanAnA aMtaramAMthI AnaMdazaMkara tArave che. sRSTinA kartAne pAzcAtya philasUpha pelI (Paley) e ghaDiyALI rUpe kavyo che. tenA karatAM bhAratIya paraMparAmAM tene kavi ke saMgItakAra rUpe kalpelo che. tene AnaMdazaMkara vadhu suMdara, vadhu bhavya ane adhika mAthAA vALuM gaNe che. A uparAMta ardhanArInaTezvaranI kalpanAmAM, kRSNagopI nA rAsamAM, zeSazAyI nArAyaNa ane lakSmInA rUpakamAM, zakti saMpradAyamAM kalpalI devInI "aSTabhujA' kalpanAmAM temaja purANanA "devAsurasaMgrAmamAM tattvajJAnanA gahana siddhAMto jevA ke, brahmanuM nirguNa svarUpa, sRSTinI utpatti sthiti laya, sRSTinuM AnaMdamaya svarUpa, daivI saMpatti ane AsurI saMpattino vigraha A ane AnA jevA aneka siddhAMtonuM nirUpaNa A pratIkomAM jovA maLe che. AvAM vividha udAharaNo ApI AnaMdazaMkara sAbita kare che ke ApaNuM tattvajJAna mAtra darzanagraMthomAM ja nathI, paraMtu vedathI mAMDI purANa sudhInA graMthonI kavipratibhAmAM pragaTa For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva thayeluM che. tAttvika satyonI abhivyakti koI jaDa paddhatithI baMdhAyelI nathI. te prakaTa thavA mATe svataMtra che. bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA A vicArane AnaMdazaMkara tenI AgavI vizeSatA tarIke varNave che. (3) yuropanA tattvajJAnano ItihAsa eka saLaMga sAMkaLamAM saMkalita karI zakAya che. tevuM hiMdanA tattvajJAnanuM nathI. pro. mekenjhI nAmanA pAzcAtya vidvAnanA A AkSepanA uttaramAM AnaMdazaMkara yuropanA ciMtananI prakriyA ane tenI maryAdA spaSTa kare che. yuropamAM eka tattvajJa enA pahelAnAM tattvajJanuM tattvajJAna laI enuM khaMDana vA pariSkAra kare che ane A rIte tyAMnA ItihAsamAM anukrame prakaTa thayelA saghaLA tattvajJAnanA vicAro eka sAMkaLanI kaDIo yAne eka sIDInA pagathiyAMnI mAphaka rahelA batAvI zakyA che. yuropanA tattvajJAnamAM rahelI A vizeSatAne AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che paNa sAthe sAthe enI maryAdA paNa batAve che. yuropanA ItihAsanI saMkalanA hegale mAnI lIdhelA kalpita cokaThAmAM thaI che, pariNAme te kRtrima banI rahI che. 47 A aitihAsika saMkalanA eTale sudhI batAvavAno prayatna karavAmAM Avyo che ke, "hegale grIka tattvajJAnanA samayathI mAMDI yuropanA tattvajJAnanA ItihAsane eka saLaMga vicArarUpe pratipAdana karyo che. - ane mArI macaDIne, kacit anukrama ulaTAvI nAkhIne paNa, e ItihAsane hegale potAnI vicAratripadI (Dialectics) nA cokaThAmAM baMdhabesato karyo che.'' (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 450) "mane lAge che ke ApaNAM darzanone mULa AMtara-vicAranA saMbaMdhathI sArI rIte sAMkaLI zakAya ema che. paraMtu ahIMnA tattvajJAnano saMpUrNa ItihAsa e rIte sAMkaLI zakAto nathI ema je dekhAya che. tenuM kAraNa e che ke sAMkaLatI kaDIo oLakhavAmAM bhUla thAya che. atre samasta tattvajJAnanI eka sAMkaLa nathI, paNa vividha darzanonA judA judA pravAha che - ane jo ke pratyeka darzanono ItihAsa hegale mAnelA kalpita cokaThAmAM goThavAto nathI, to paNa pratyeka darzananA ItihAsamAM eka akhaMDa dhArA joI zakAya che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 450) AnaMdazaMkaranA mate aitihAsika kAlakrama racavAno Avo kRtrima prayatna IcchavA yogya nathI. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI aitihAsika kAlakramanI racanA kayA abhigamathI thavI joIe tenuM dizAsUcana kare che. -- AdhArabhUta mAnI zakAya tevA siddhAMtonA abhAvane kAraNe jevI rIte pAzcAtya tattvajJonuM jJAna vyavasthita rIte lipibaddha kareluM che, tevuM bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM jovA maLatuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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48 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana nathI. AvA AkSepanA pratikAra svarUpe AnaMdazaMkara potAnA "paDradarzananI saMkalanA' ane bIjA keTalAka lekhonA AdhAre e pratipAdita kare che ke, bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI aitihAsika saMgati racI tene eka akhaMDa dhArA rUpe nirUpI zakAya tema che. (4) bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA moTA bhAgamAM nirAkAra ane zabdAtIta'nuM zaraNa levAmAM Ave che. pro. mekenjhInA A AkSepano uttara AnaMdazaMkara paramAtmAnA aciMtya svarUpane AdhAre Ape che. A saMdarbhamAM paramAtmAnA svarUpa darzananI grIka philosophInI maryAdAne AnaMdazaMkara spaSTa kare che. grIsanA AraMbhakALanA tattvajJAnamAM jovA maLatuM AkAra (Form)nuM pratipAdana tenI khUbI tarIke batAvavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu emAM ja enI khAmInuM bIja raheluM che ema AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. temanA mate : "AraMbhakALanA grIka tattvajJo jagatanuM kAraNa zodhatA cAra mahAbhUto pRthvI, jaLa, teja, vAyu)nI pAra jaI zakyA nahotA. emAMnA mAtra eka ne ja jagatanI ghaTanAmAM buddhinuM darzana thayuM hatuM. e pachInA kALamAM sokreTIsanuM tattvajJAna paNa nItiviSayaka ane aihika dRSTibiMduthI racAyeluM hatuM. te pachI pleTone bAda karIne erisToTalanA tattvajJAna upara AvIe to te aihikatAthI bharapUra hatuM. IzvaranA svarUpa vizeno vicAra to yurope grIka tattvajJAnamAM nahi paNa krizciyana dharmamAM zodhyo che. paNa e madhyayuga vItI gayo ane DekArTathI zarU thayeluM arvAcIna yuropanuM tattvajJAna (spinojhA vagere keTalAka tattvajJonA vicArane bAda karatAM) dharmathI vikhUTuM paDeluM che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 452) A rIte AkAra (Form) nuM pratipAdana karatuM grIka tattvajJAna temaja madhyayuganuM yuropanuM tattvajJAna paramatattvanI aciMtyatAne pAmI zakyuM ja nathI. enuM mukhya kAraNa teno dharma sAtheno virodha che. paraMtu jayAM dhArmika daSTi haze tyAM paramAtmAne jagatanI AMtara mAnyA chatAM jagatanI para-ane tethI acijya - mAnyA sivAya cAlaze ja nahi. e ja acinyatAmAMthI AnaMdazaMkara nirvizeSavAdanA "neti netino uddabhava thayelo mAne che. Ama, bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM paramAtmAnA svarUpa varNana mATe nirAkAra ane zabdAtItanuM zaraNa levAmAM Ave che tene keTalAka pAzcAtya tattvaciMtako tenI maryAdA gaNe che. paraMtu paramatattvanA svarUpane ane mAnavajJAnanI maryAdAne jotAM AvuM zaraNa anivArya che. A anivAryatAnuM bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM samucita samAdhAna karavAmAM AvyuM che evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya sarvathA yathArtha jaNAya che. (5) uparokta AkSepanA saMdarbhamAM ja bIjo eka AkSepa karatAM prA. mekenjhI kahe che ke hiMdanA tattvajJAnamAM vizadatA (Clearness) yAne spaSTatA - nizcitatAno abhAva che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 49 A AkSepanA uttaramAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che: "koI paNa AkAravAdI evo amArA jovAmAM Avyo nathI ke je paramAtmAnI acijyatAno svIkAra karato na hoya." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.452) vastutaH AvI sthiti jagatanA ghaNA moTA tattvajJAnIomAM jovAmAM AvI che. potAnA A matanA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara yuropanA arvAcIna yuganA moTAmAM moTA tattvavettA kAnTanuM udAharaNa Ape che. Ama, nirAkAra ane zabdAtItanuM nirUpaNa ane tene lIdhe AvatI aspaSTatAnA AkSepanA uttaramAM AnaMdazaMkara e siddha kare che ke, paramatattvanuM svarUpa sUkSmAtisUkSma ane vibhu hovAthI tenA guNa varNanamAM virodhAbhAsa jovA maLe che. mAnava buddhi potAnI maryAdAne kAraNe paramatattvano pAra pAmI zake tema nathI. buddhinI maryAdAnA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara A samasyAne vicAre che. aMte bhAratIya dArzanikonA abhigamane AnaMdazaMkara yathArtha Therave che. mAnava buddhi potAnI maryAdAne kAraNe paramatattvano pAra pAmI zake tema nathI. buddhinI maryAdA ane paramatattvanA svarUpa aMgenA A virodhane TALavA bhAratIya dArzanikoe neti neti' nI vyavasthA karI che. kAraNake paramatattva anubhUtino viSaya che buddhino nahIM. tethI paramatattvanuM koI paNa varNana ekAMgI ja nIvaDavA saMbhava che. A muzkelIne TALavA pUrva ane pazcimamAM ajJeyavAdI vicArasaraNI sarakhI rIte vikaselI jovA maLe che. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan paNa lakhe che: "pUrva ane pazcimanA aneka dArzaniko e mata para pahoMcyA che ke parama (sattA) buddhithI para che. te enA mULa svarUpe IndriyajJAnalabhya nathI ane dhArmika AMtaradaSTithI ja paramasattAnI vAstavika abhivyakti thaI zake che." (mAratIya saMskRti : muchavivAra, pR.ra6) Ama, nizcitatAno abhAva mAtra bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM ja che ema nathI, yuropamAM paNa laoNka ane kAnTane anusaratA ciMtako ajJeyavAdI vicAradhArA svIkAre che. te paramatattvanA varNananI azakyatA ja batAve che. joke, paramatattvanA svarUpane jotAM aspaSTatA svAbhAvika pratIta thAya che evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya yogya ane tArkika jaNAya che. uparanI samagra carcAne AdhAre AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkaranA tattvajJAna viSayaka vicAro nIce pramANe saMkSepamAM mUkI zakAya : (1) tattvanA svarUpano nirNaya karI tene AdhAre mAnava jIvananI mULabhUta mAnyatAonI samIkSAtmaka tapAsa eTale tattvajJAna. vastunA yathArtha svarUpano pramANa dvArA nirNaya karatuM zAstra eTale tattvajJAna. satya, ziva ane sauMdaryanA kSetranI sAmAnya mAnyatAono sarvadezI ane samIkSAtmaka vicAra karI tenA tAttvika AdhAro spaSTa karavAnuM kAma tattvajJAna kare che. (3) paramArtha ane vyavahArano virodha mithyA che. vyavahAranA mithyA khyAlonI tapAsa tattvajJAna kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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paO AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana (4) mUlyalakSI zAstra tarIke tattvajJAna vijJononA jJAnanI samIkSAtmaka tapAsa karI mUlyalakSI vicAraNA kare che. A arthamAM tattvajJAna vijJAna karatAM eka kakSA upara mUkI zakAya. (5) dharmanAM satyo tapAsavAM ane dRSTigocara karavAM e tattvajJAnanuM kArya che, jyAre tattvajJAnanA satyo upara vizva TakI rahyuM che te batAvavAnuM kAma dharmanuM che. Ama baMnemAM avirodha che. Ama dharma e tattvajJAnanuM kriyAtmaka-gatyAtmaka pAsuM che, jayAre tattvajJAnae dharmanuM saiddhAMtika pAsuM che. bhAratIya tattvajJAna caitanyathI bharelo jIvaMta padArtha hoI, temAM rahelo dharma ane tattvajJAnano avirodha svAbhAvika temaja tAttvika che. te bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI vizeSatA che. (7) tAttvika satyonI abhivyakti koI jaDa paddhatinA cokaThAmAM baMdhAyelI nathI te svataMtra che. tethI jJAna mAtra takane AdhAre nahi, kavi pratibhAmAM paNa pragaTa thAya che. Ama, jJAnanA svarUpane dhyAnamAM letA temAM buddhi ane anubhUti baMnene sthAna che. (8) paramatattvanuM acinya svarUpa ane mAnava jJAnanI maryAdAno tAttvika khulAso bhAratIya dArzanikoe karelI 'ti ti' nI vyavasthAmAM che. (9) bhAratIya darzanono aitihAsika kAlakrama racI zakAya che. temAM vicAra pravAhanI eka akhaMDa dhArA che. (2) bhagavadgItA tattvajJAna saMsArane avalokavAnI eka daSTi che. A daSTi mAnavanA samagra jIvanane sparze che. tattvamImAMsA, nItizAstra ane sauMdarya tattvajJAnanAM abhyAsa kSetro che. bhAratIya tattvajJAna ane dharmanA AdhArabhUta graMtha bhagavadgItA upara AcAryazrIe keTalAka ciMtanAtmaka lekho lakhelA che. temAM temaNe gItAno udeza, prasaMga, gItAnuM tattvajJAna, gItAno upadeza, gItAnI mahattA vagere viSayo spaSTa karI brahmabhAvanI siddhi mATe gItAnI bhUmikA spaSTa karI ApI che. gItAnI racanAno uddeza : tattvajJAnanuM kArya vyavahAra ane paramArthano bheda TALavAnuM che. vyavahAranA mithyA khyAlone paramArthanA saMdarbhamAM spaSTa karI mAnavajIvanane yathArtha mArga batAvavAnuM che. A saMdarbhamAM bhagavadgItAnA uddezane AnaMdazaMkara spaSTa karI Ape che. "bhagavadgItAno uddeza, For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva amuka kRtya sAruM ane amuka khoTuM e batAvavAno nathI, paNa te te kRtyonuM sArA-khoTApaNuM kevI rIte Upaje che e samajAvavAno ane e nirNaya mATe kharuM dRSTibiMdu zuM che e batAvavAno che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 75) kartavyatAno nirNaya e mAnavanI eka pramukha samasyA che. A samasyAnA samAdhAna rUpe ja gItA racavAmAM AvI che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. A saMdarbhamAM gItAnA bIjarUpa zlokane AnaMdazaMkara samajAve che. 51 azonmAnavazovastavaM prazAvAnAMzca bhASase (bhagavadgItA - adhyAya-2, zloka 11) arthAt - jeno zoka karavo ghaTato nathI teno tuM zoka kare che ane chatAM moTA moTA DahApaNanA zabdo bole che ! AtmAnA amRtatva ane aviSayatva upara UbhA rahI, prakRti ane prakRtinAM kAryo avalokavAM joIe ene badale tuM AtmAne eka nazvara prAkRta padArtha mAnI beTho che. chatAM zabdo to moTA moTA DahApaNanA bole che ! enuM rahasya samajato nathI. (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 78) potAnA sva-svarUpanA ajJAnane kAraNe manuSya kSullaka bAbatone jIvanamAM vadhAre mahattvanI gaNe che. te lAgaNInA AvezamAM yathArtha - ayathArthano nirNaya karavA samartha raheto nathI. je asata che (anariyala che) tene sata mAnI je binajarUrI che tene ati mahattvanuM mAnI, mAnavI saMsAramAM potAno vyavahAra kare che ane aMte virodhAbhAsomAM phasAya che. A nityAnitya vastu avivekane ja AnaMdazaMkara saghaLA anarthonuM mULa mAne che. AvI niHsahAya sthitimAM bhagavadgItA manuSyane kartavyatAnuM sAcuM svarUpa samajAve che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. A saMdarbhamAM bhagavadgItA anusAra kartavyatAnuM svarUpa spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : 'kartavyabhAvanA e jaDa, kRtrima niyamonI banelI nathI, paNa jIvaMta ane eka chatAM aneka rUpa dharatI evI divyazakti che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 78) Ama, kartavyabhAvanAne eka divyazakti rUpe jotAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, mANasano vyaktigata svArtha ane vizvavyApI kartavyabhAvanA vacceno saMgharSa dUra karavo e bhagavadgItAno mukhya uddeza che. sagAMvhAlAMno sneha sAro che, paNa vizvavyApinI kartavyabhAvanA AgaLa keTalIkavAra ene gauNa karavo paDe che. joke jenA manamAM sArA-khoTAno viveka ja udaya pAmyo nathI ane jenI jIvana naukAne kAma-krodha-lobha-moha vagere pracaMDa vAyuo game tyAM ghasaDI jAya che evA pAmara janane mATe to zAstra racelI vyavasthAne ja AnaMdazaMkara upayogI mAne che. paraMtu jene e viveka eka vakhata prApta thAya che. arjunane thayo hato - tevA vizeSa vyakti mATe ja AnaMdazaMkaranA mate gItA racavAmAM AvI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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52 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana paramArthanA saMdarbhamAM vyavahArane (laukika sadvartanane) taddana uthalAvI pADavAnuM kAma tattvajJAnanuM che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAnatA nathI. paraMtu e sadvartananuM sArApaNuM zemAM che e batAvI te te vartanamAM svataH kaMI paNa khoTApaNuM nathI, ema batAvI jenA upara emanA sArAkhoTApaNAno AdhAra che e tattva upara jijJAsunuM dhyAna kheMcavuM e dhoraNe ja eno vicAra karavA kahevuM ane e rIte vicAratAM je pratikULa dekhAya tene kramekrame astitvahIna mAtra mAyArUpa anubhavatAM zIkhavavuM, jethI pariNAme eka rasa brahmanI samatA ja aMtara-bahirU sarvatra vilasI rahe e ja tattvajJAnano kharo udeza che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. tattvadaSTinI prAptimAM mukhya aMtarAya AtmasvarUpanuM ajJAna che jene AnaMdazaMkara samasta gItA racanAmAM bIjabhUta sthiti mAne che. A AtmAnA ajJAnane dUra karI arjunane AtmasvarUpanuM sAcuM bhAna karAvavA bhagavadgItA racavAmAM AvI che. kAraNake jene AtmAnA sva-svarUpanuM bhAna thAya tenA mATe A sRSTi tarapha jovAnuM dRSTibiMdu badalAya che. A saMdarbhamAM AtmAnuM svarUpa ane tenA jJAnathI prApta thatI kartavyanI vizALa dRSTine samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "kALa paNa jenA vinA asiddha che ane je samasta vizvamAM vizvatA lAve che, vizvamAM anusmRta thaI emAM sattA (Existence) pUre che. artha (meaning) arpe che ane te te padArthone paraspara sAMkaLI (Unity) vizvane enuM aMgI banAve che. evo mahAna padArtha A AtmA che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 77) jene AvuM sva-svarUpanuM jJAna thAya che tene saMsAranA sarvabhedo virAma pAme che. AtmAnI vizALatAmAM e sarva bhedo rUpAMtara pAme che. jo ke AvI vizALa daSTinuM tAtparya AnaMdazaMkarane mana evuM nathI ke pApa-puNyano bheda naSTa thaI jAya che. paraMtu pApa-puNya tarapha jovAnuM dRSTibiMdu badalAI jAya che. AcAryazrI kahe che : "sarva AtmarUpa bane che. atre ema tAtparya nathI ke sagAMvahAlAMne mAravAmAM pApa ja nathI; tAtparya eTaluM ja che ke, sagAMvahAlAMne vA koIne paNa mAravAmAM pApa ja che ema nathI, arthAtu mAravuM e jJAnanuM cihna nathI, tema enuM virodhI paNa nathI. jJAna- ajJAna mAravA na mAravAmAM raheluM nathI paNa AtmasvarUpanA sAkSAtkAra asAkSAtkAramAM raheluM che. e sAkSAtkAranA mArgamAM kvacit mAravAnI pharaja AvI paDe che, kvacit maravAnI paNa AvI paDe che. devatAoe dadhIci RSi pAse vaja banAvavA sAru emanAM hADakAM mAgyAM - tyAM marIne hADakAM ApavAmAM dadhIci RSinuM je jJAnIpaNuM samAyeluM hatuM te ja jJAnIpaNuM arjuna kauravone mAre emAM raheluM hatuM." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 77) Ama, te vakhate paramAtmAnI samasta yojanAmAM nimittarUpa banI dharmayuddha karavuM e ja For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva arjunanuM parama kartavya hatuM. paraMtu AtmasvarUpanA ajJAnane kAraNe arjuna anirNayAtmaka sthitimAM phasAya che. potAne prApta thayelA dharmayuddhanA kartavyanI AgaLa bIjAM badhAM kartavyone arjune gauNa gaNavAM joItAM hatAM, paNa te to ja bane ke jo AtmAnI vizALatAnuM arjunane bhAna thAya. Ama, AtmAnI vizALatA ane parAtparatAnuM pratipAdana karavA mATe ja zrIkRSNa gItAnI racanA kare che. "arjunamAM A samaye svajana pratye sArAsAra - vivekarahita evA Adara ane dayAnA bhAva pragaTa thayA hatA, paraMtu je sanAtana satyanA prakAzamAM upasthita thayelo prazna vicAravo joIe e sanAtana satya enI dRSTimAMthI khasI gayuM hatuM. te mATe gItAmAM arjunane e satya dekhADavAno ane e sanAtana satyane paMthe cAlavA mATe je dayanuM baLa joIe e baLa ApavAno kRSNano prayatna che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 643) Ama, kartavyano nirNaya e ja gItA racavAno mukhya uddeza che tevuM AnaMdazaMkaranuM maMtavya che. gItAnA udezane A ja arthamAM lokamAnya TiLake potAnA "gItA rahasya' graMthanI prastAvanAmAM rajU karyo che. teo lakhe che : "karyA vinA kaMI thatuM nathI - e sRSTino niyama lakSamAM lAvI tuM mAtra niSkAma buddhithI karanAro thA, eTale thayuM, kevaLa svArtha parAyaNa buddhithI saMsAra karIne, thAkyA pAkyA lokonA kAlakramane mATe, kiMvA saMsAra choDI devAnI taiyArI tarIke gItA kahelI nathI, paNa saMsAra ja mokSa dRSTie kevI rIte kheDavo joIe ane manuSya mAtranuM saMsAramAM kharuM kartavya zuM che teno tAttvika dRSTie upadeza karavA mATe gItA zAstranI pravRtti thayelI che".(gItA rahasya, pR. 17). A ja saMdarbhamAM paMDita javAharalAla naheru gItAnI kartavyabhAvanA vize lakhe che : "arjuna mAnavInA vyathita AtmAnA pratIka samo banI jAya che. saMkalpa vikalpane cagaDoLe caDAvanArAM dharmasaMkaTo yuge yuge mANasanI sAme khaDAM thayAM che.be vyakti vaccenA A saMvAdamAMthI dhIme dhIme ApaNane vyaktinA kartavyanA ane sAmAjika AcAranA, mAnava jIvanane lAgu pADavAnA nItinA siddhAMtonA ane e badhA siddhAMtoe jene vaza vartavuM joIe te AdhyAtmika dRSTinA vadhAre uccakakSAnA temaja vyApaka pradezamAM laI javAmAM Ave che." (mAruM hiMdanuM darzana - pR. 137) Ama, lokamAnya TiLaka, javAharalAla naheru ane AnaMdazaMkara traNe bhASyakAro gItA racavAnA mukhya uddeza tarIke kartavyanA nirNayanI samasyAne mAne che. kartavyatAno nirNaya e gItA racavAno mukhya uddeza che tema pratipAdita karI AnaMdazaMkara For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana gItA racavAno bIjo ucca uddeza vizALa dRSTie darzAve che. bhagavadgItAmAM zrIkRSNa samastajana samAjane mATe eka bIjo saMdeza Ape che. tenAthI gItA racavAno vizALa udeza spaSTa thAya che. 54 "prabhunA anekAneka svarUpanuM pratibiMba eNe sarjelA ane enA pratIkarUpa (manuSya jAti) janasamAjamAM paNa paDe che. e janasamAjanA niyamana vaDe prabhu manuSyane enI saMskRtimAM UMce caDhAve che. e saMskRtimAM jyAre jyAre vikSepa Ave che tyAre tyAre prabhu ja emAMthI manuSyano ane kharI rIte manuSya saMskRtino uddhAraka thAya che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 648) Ama, samasta janasamAjanA niyaMtA tarIke prabhu manuSya saMskRtinI unnati mATe satata prayatnazIla che. bhagavadgItA e manuSya saMskRtinA ItihAsanuM AdhyAtmika arthaghaTana che tema AcAryazrI kahe che. 'dharma' zabdano vizALa artha karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "kahevAnI jarUra nathI ke ApaNA 'dharma' zabdanuM ApaNe aMgrejImAM 'Religion' zabdathI bhASAMtara karIe chIe, paNa vastutaH 'dharma' zabda 'Religion' zabda karatAM bahu vizALa arthano bodhaka che. Civilization vizALatAmAM 'Religion' karatAM vadhAre pAseno zabda che. paraMtu ene paNa kevaLa aihika arthamAM na letAM, aihika ane pAratrika ubhaya arthamAM laIe tyAre ja e zabda 'dharma' zabdanI nikaTa pahoMce che. 'dharma' eTale je vaDe bAhya ane AMtara- AtmA baMnenuM dhAraNa thAya che te tattva.(dharmamAM mna e abstract tattvavAcaka pratyaya che.) A vizALa arthamAM dharma jyAre jyAre kSINa thAya che ane enA virodhI tattvanI vRddhi thAya che tyAre tyAre prabhu pote avatare che. satkarma karanAranuM rakSaNa kare che ane duSkarmano nAza kare che." yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArata / abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham // paritrANAya sAdhUnAM vinAzAya ca duSkRtAm / dharmasaMsthApanArthAya saMbhavAmi yuge yuge // (bhagavadgItA adhyAya -4, zloka 7,8,) gItAnA mAdhyamathI zrIkRSNa arjunane A UMDA satyanI pratIti karAve che. AcAryazrInA mate gItA racavAno A eka mahAna uddeza che. gItA manuSya saMskRtinA ItihAsanuM AdhyAtmika arthaghaTana (Spiritual interpretation) kare che. samagra mAnava sRSTine eka jIvanamArga darzAvavAno prayatna kare che. bhagavadgItAno prasaMga : pAMDavo taraphathI zrIkRSNa duryodhana pAse viSTi karavA gayA ane kahyuM ke, pAMDavone thoDAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva gAma Apo to basa che, chatAM duryodhane mAnyuM nahi. yuddhamAM pAMDava-kauravonAM sainya sAmasAmAM goThavAyAM che. te vakhate arjunanA snehALa ane ucca hradayane potAnAM sagAMvahAlAM ane vaDIlo sAme zastra upADatAM AMcako Ave che. eno hAtha dhrUje che. hAthamAMthI gAMDIva dhanuSya paDI jAya che ane AkhuM zarIra parasevAthI chavAI jAya che. zuM karavuM te sUjhatuM nathI. arjuna mUMjhAIne enA sArathI banelA zrIkRSNa bhagavAnane ziSya banIne pUche che ke mAre zuM karavuM ? te samaye zrIkRSNa ene upadeza Ape che. arjuna ane kRSNano A saMvAda zrImad bhAgavadgItAne nAme oLakhAya che. (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 132) Ama, ahIM spaSTa thAya che ke mahAbhAratanA yuddhanA AraMbhamAM je vakhate baMne senAo parasparano saMhAra karavA kaTibaddha hatI te samaye ekAeka brahmajJAnanI vAta karI saMnyAsa levA taiyAra thayelA arjunane kSAtrakarmamAM punaHpravRtta ka2vA zrIkRSNe gItAno upadeza karelo che. kartavyamUDha arjuna bhagavAnane zaraNe jAya che ane bhagavadgItAnA upadezane aMte te svecchAe yuddha karavA taiyAra thAya che. jo ke gAMdhIjIe potAnA 'anAsaktiyoga' pustakamAM A aMge bhinna mata vyakta karyo che. gAMdhIjI gItAno prasaMga mahAbhAratanuM bhautika yuddha mAnatA nathI. emane mate pratyeka manuSyanA hRdayanI aMdara niraMtara cAlatA dvaMdva yuddhanuM ja varNana che (anAsakti yoga - pR. 12) A uparAMta mahAbhAratanA aMtima nirvahaNa nirveda - vairAgya -zAMtarasa sAthe gAMdhIjI gItAnA prasaMgane sAMkaLe che. sthitaprajJanAM lakSaNono AdhAra laI gAMdhIjI gItAne mahAbhAratanA sthULa yuddha sAthe saMbaMdha nathI ema batAve che. gAMdhIjInA A matanI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkaranA mate - mahAbhAratanA aMtima tAtparya sAthe gItAnA upadezane joDavAthI gItAno karmayogano upadeza - je sarvamAnya che teno asvIkAra karavo paDe che. sthitaprajJanAM lakSaNo ane yuddhano prasaMga e baMnene sAthe rAkhI samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "vastutaH jeo gItAno prasaMga sAmAnya yuddhano mAne che teo sthitaprajJanA prakaraNanuM prayojana e prasaMga ja che ema kahe che. arthAt emanA mate jIvananA sarva vyavahAramAM - yuddha sudhdhAMmAM - manuSya sthitaprajJatAthI vyavahArI zake che e batAvavAnuM gItAnuM tAtparya che. ahIM e dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke gItAno prasaMga "sAmAnya kauTuMbika jhaghaDAnI yogyatA ayogyatAno nahoto rahyo." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 462) zrIkRSNa jevI samartha vyaktinA saMdhi aMgenA tamAma prayatnonI niSphaLatA pachI yuddhanAM maMDANa maMDAyAM ane kSAtradharma zarU thayo. "sthitaprajJa rahIne A dharmano nirvAha thaI zake che e gItAno upadeza che. bezaka, yuddha ane prajJAno samanvaya e karma ane jJAnanA samanvayano kaThinamAM kaThina prayoga che ane sAmAnya manuSyane e azakya che e paNa khulluM che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 462) tethI ja mahAbhAratakAre 55 For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana kSAtradharmanI niMdA karI siddha karyuM che ke kSAtradharma e jIvanano sarvotkRSTa dharma nathI. "paraMtu arjuna svabhAvathI kSAtradharmano ja adhikArI hato. pachI bhale e "prajJAvAda' bolato hoya - e dhyAnamAM rAkhIne ja kRSNa upadeza karyo che". (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 463) bIjuM ke, ApaNe - balve sAmAnya jagata - hajI arjunanA adhikAra karatAM AgaLa vadhyuM nathI. hajI manuja saMskRti eTalI sAttvika nathI thaI ke jemAM yuddha kAlAtIta yA asthAne thaI paDe. A samajaNane AdhAre ja dharmayuddha mATe kSAtradharmanI AvazyakatA siddha karI che. bAkI kSAtradharmanA je svAbhAvika doSo che te gItAkAre nihyA che. tenA pratikAra mATe sthitaprajJatA, karmaphaLatyAga, bhagavadbhakti, bhagavatazaraNagamana e upAya batAvyA che. yuddha ane zAMti : "devAsura-saMgrAma' nAmanA vArtikamAM (juo pariziSTa-2, kAvya-1, pR. 290) AnaMdazaMkara bhagavadgItAnI sthitaprajJanI sthiti ane vedAMtanI sarvAtmabhAvanI sthiti baMnemAM koI virodha nathI ema siddha kare che. ApaNI Indriyo "parAmukhI' arthAt bahirmukhI banI rahI che. tethI ApaNA AMtarayuddhothI ApaNe lagabhaga nahi jevA ja sabhAna hoIe chIe. AvA ajJAna, adhamatA ane pArataMtrane kAraNe Avato AnaMda e mithyA AnaMda che. kAraNake ahIM anubhavAtI zAMti AsurI saMpatane vaza thaIne meLavela kSullaka zAMti che. yuddha karatAM zAMti sArI che evuM mAnanArAo sAme AnaMdazaMkara spaSTatA kare che ke e zAMti paramAtmA rUpe saMsthita AtmAnA svarAjayanI hovI joIe. paraMtu ApaNe jene zAMti kahIe chIe te "AsurI saMpatIne zaraNe paDI rahI anAtmabhAvamAM DUbI jaI meLavelI hoya che. AvI zAMti karatAM yuddhane AnaMdazaMkara sahastra ghaNuM vadhAre sAruM gaNAve che. teo AtmAnI traNa sthitionuM A saMdarbhe varNana kare che : (1) pArataMtrarUpa zAMti (2) yuddha (3) svAtaMtryarUpa zAMti purANomAM 'devAsura-saMgrAma' e mukhya varNita viSaya che. yuddha ane zAMtinA saMdarbhamAM deva" ane "asuranuM rUpaka samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara tenuM tAtparya pragaTa karI Ape che. "deva' ane "asura' e ApaNI zubha azubha vRttionA rUpaka tarIke AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. teno sUkSma artha tAravatAM teo kahe che : ' "vRtta ane Indra vaccenuM yuddha e AvaraNarUpa ajJAna ane jIvAtmA vaccenuM yuddha che.... For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 57. AtmAmAM kaMI paNa brahmabhAva pragaTe tyAre ja e ajJAna-pApa upara jaya meLavI zake che. jIvAtmA kSaNavAra pApa sAme Ubho rahe paNa jyAM sudhI emAM jIvAtmA-ahaMbhAva kAyama che ane sarvAtmabhAva Avyo nathI tyAM sudhI pApane saMhAravA te azakta che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 233). tAtparya ke sarvAtmabhAvanA e ja vedAMtanI advaita bhAvanA che. AvI advaita bhAvanAthI ja pApavRtti upara kharekharo vijaya meLavIne tene ucchedI zakAya che. pApa sAme yuddhamAM UtaranAra AtmabaLavALA jIvamAM sarvAtmabhAva upajAvavo e ja, "AsurI saMpata'nA vinAzanuM kharuM sAdhana che. jo ke ApaNI AsapAsa najara karatAM jaNAya che ke aneka durAcAro chadmaveze sadAcAronA nAme vyavahAra calAve che, paraMtu Akhare to paramAtmAnI sahAyathI zubhavRttio azubhavRttio upara vijaya meLave che. e mahAniyamamAM AnaMdazaMkaranI zraddhA daDha thayelI che. keTalAka vedAMtI udAsInatA, niSkriyatAne vedAMta siddhAMta samaje che. eTale ke pApanI upekSA karavAmAM vedAMta siddhAMtanuM anusaraNa mAne che. AnaMdazaMkara Ane kharo vedAMta siddhAMta mAnatA nathI. ahIM bhagavadgItAno saMdarbha ApI AnaMdazaMkara potAnA A aMgenA vicAro pragaTa kare che. pApa upara jaya meLavavo e ja kharuM kartavya che. emAM dekhAtI pravRtti kharuM jotAM vedAMtanI zAMtine bAdhaka nathI. A saMdarbhe bhagavadgItAnuM dRSTibiMdu pragaTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : paramAtmAnA AjJArUpI zAstrane anusaravAmAM ane pApa pakSa ke jene paramAtmAe vastutaH pahelethI ja haNI mUkyo che enA vinAzanA "nimitta mAtra' thavAmAM, AtmA kaluSita thato nathIH eTaluM ja nahi paNa enI icchA je haMmezA pApanA vinAza mATe jAgRta hoya che, tene anusaravAmAM sagAM saMbaMdhIno paNa vicAra karavAno nathI paNa sarvamAM mAtra zarata eTalI ja che ke "meM pApa sAme yuddha karI jaya meLavyo' evuM kartutvAbhimAna hovuM na joIe ane e jayajanya je "phaLa te mane to evo phalAbhisaMdhi hovo na joIe : UlaTuM tene badale upara sUcavyuM tema, "pApano vinAza je paramAtmAe AraMbhathI ja nirmI mUkelo che tenI siddhimAM huM to nimitta mAtra chuM ema ja pApa upara vijaya meLavanAre dhAravuM joIe; "e kharuM jotAM meM meLavyo nathI, paNa paramAtmAe ja meLavyo che, to pachI enA phaLa upara mAro haka paNa zo?" arthAt phalAbhasI paNa ayogya che ema eno samajaNa thavI joIe evacArI, pR. 2) Ama, vedAMta siddhAMta game tevI rIte zAMti prApta karavAnA pakSamAM nathI. paNa AsurI saMpata sAme yuddha karI, jaya meLavI, svAtaMtryarUpa zAMti prApta karavAno che. AtmAnI traNa sthitio (1) pArataMtrarUpa zAMti (2) yuddha ane (3) svAtaMtrarUpa zAMti che. temAMthI pahelI ane trIjI eka jevI lAgavA chatAM vastutaH taddana judI ja che. niSkriya rahI meLavelI For Personal & Private Use Only

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58 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana pArataMtrarUpa zAMti e AnaMdazaMkarane mana vedAMtanI kharI zAMti nathI, paraMtu pApa sAme yuddha karI meLavelI zAMtine ja AnaMdazaMkara kharI vedAMtanI zAMti gaNe che. svAtaMtryarUpa zAMti e ja vedAMtanI zAMti che ema spaSTatA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "jema jema zubhavAsanA navAM navAM kartavyakarmo karavAthI puSTa thatI jAya che, tema tema eno jaya vadhAre sahelo thAya che. Akhare pUrNa saMta puruSamAM enI zakti eTalI badhI vadhelI hoya che ke enAmAM azubha vAsanAnA jayano prasaMga sarakho paNa raheto nathI. eno AtmA zubha vAsanAthI ja bharapUra hoI, emAM pUrNa zAMti vyApI rahe che. tethI ApaNe je "yuddha kahyuM te enAmAM jarA paNa utpanna thatuM nathI. je sAdhAraNa sArA manuSyomAM viveka-vicAranuM pariNAma hoya che e ja pUrNa saMta-dazAmAM svabhAva siddha thAya che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 236-37) bhagavadgItAnI sthitaprajJanI sthiti ane vedAMtanI sarvAtmabhAvanI sthiti banne tAttvika rIte eka ja che ema AnaMdazaMkara nirNaya kare che. zubha-azubha vRttio vaccenuM yuddha zreya ane preyanA kartavya ane sukhanA saMgharSamAMthI uddabhave che. kartavya ane sukha banne bhinna padArtho che. ApaNA sarva sukho kartavyo hotAM nathI ane sarva kartavyo sukharUpa hotAM nathI. vastutaH kartavya ja kharuM sukha che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. Ama chatAM vyavahAramAM jyAre jyAre ApaNI samakSa kartavya ane sukhano saMgharSa janme che tyAre ApaNI malina vAsanAo ApaNane kartavyane choDIne sukha sAdhavA tarapha dore che, jyAre zubha vAsanAo potAnuM baLa malina vAsanAo sAme ajamAve che. Aja daivI ane AsurI saMpatanuM yuddha che. parasparanA A saMgharSamAM ApaNe taTastha rahI zakatA nathI. e bemAMthI kaI tarapha ApaNe jaI rahyA chIe temAM ja ApaNuM sAruM narasApaNuM, vedAMtanI paribhASAmAM ApaNo Atma-anAtmabhAva rahelo che. Ama, zubha ane azubha vAsanAo banne potapotAnuM sAmarthya laI AtmA AgaLa upasthita thAya che ane AtmA emanA jaya-parAjayamAM nimitta banI sArokhoTo thAya che. paraMtu viveka svabhAva siddha thatAM tenAmAM yuddhanI bhUmikA ja upasthita thatI nathI. kRSNa koNa - arjuna koNa? gItAno uddeza, tattvajJAna temaja upadeza viSayaka carcA-vicAraNA khaMDana-maMDana karI vidvAnoe aneka siddhAMto ApyA che. temAM koI vizeSa matano umero na karatAM AcAryazrIe kRSNa ane arjunanA saMbaMdhane spaSTa karI e aMgenA saghaLA praznonA uttarone saraLa banAvavAno prayatna karyo che. mahAbhAratanA aitihAsika vAtAvaraNanA saMdarbhamAM kRSNa ane arjuna mahAbhAratanA nAyako che . mahAbhAratanuM vAtAvaraNa aitihAsika che. pachI bhale samagra vastunI saMkalanA ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva - 59 emAM aMgabhUta varNano kavi kalpanAthI thayA hoya, thayAM che ja emAM koIthI nA pADI zakAya ema nathI, tathApi e ItihAsanA mULamAM rahelo, e ItihAsano upayoga karanAra, kavino hetu dhArmika che : evuM sUcana mahAbhAratanA maMgalAcaraNarUpa AdyazlokamAM thayuM che. nArAyaNaM namaskRtya naraM caiva narottamama / devI sarasvatIM caiva tato jayamudIrayet / / Ama, aitihAsika viSayavastune kavi kalpanAthI raMgI teno dhArmika hetu siddha karanAra mahAbhArata anusAra kRSNa eTale nArAyaNa ane arjuna eTale nara "mahAbhAratanA be nAyako : kRSNa ane arjuna. emAM kRSNa te "nArAyaNa" ane arjuna te "nara'. "nara'no- jIvAtmAno - samUha te "nAra' ane enuM 'ayana' nAma gaMtavya sthAna te "nArAyaNa" paramAtmA. A "nara' ane "nArAyaNa'nI joDI kRSNa ane arjuna rUpe avatarI che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 640) kRSNa ane arjunanI A joDI bhAratIya ItihAsa ane purANa anusAra upaniSad kALathI UtarI AvI che. dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyA samAnaM vRkSaM pariSasvajAte / tayoramyaH pippalaM svAdvatti anazrannanyo'bhicAkazIti / / (Rvedra :2-264-20) be pakSIo arthAt jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA je sAthe rahe che ane "sakhAo' che e saMsArarUpI eka ja vRkSa upara beThelA che, emAMnuM eka jIvAtmA-saMsArarUpa vRkSanuM mIThuM phaLa khAya che, arthAt bhoktA bane che. bIjuM paramAtmA e phaLa na khAtAM, bhoktA na banatAM, daSTA thaIne rahe che. eja jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA, je sakhA hoI sAthe sAthe vasatA pakSIrUpe upaniSadamAM kalpAyelA che. emane badarikAzramamAM tapa karatA "nara" ane "nArAyaNa' rUpe ane emanA ja avatArabhUta "arjuna" ane "kRSNa' rUpe oLakhAvyA che. Ama kRSNa ane arjuna eTale paramAtmA ane jIvAtmA, emano saMvAda, saMlApa te kRSNArjunasaMvAda' eTale ke zrImadbhagavadgItA. A rUpaka dvArA "arjunanuM sakhApaNuM"- "kRSNanuM sArathIpaNuM" temaja hathiyAra na dhAraNa karavAnI kRSNanI pratijJA-kRSNanuM dRSTA svarUpe pragaTa kare che. khristI dharma anusAra Isu khristanuM "bharavADa"nuM rUpaka tenuM ja rUpAMtara karI khristI pAdarIo ane keTalAka pAzcAtya vidvAno bhagavadgItAne khristI dharmanI asara nIce lakhAI che ema mAne che ane kRSNanI keTalIka kathAo pazcimamAMthI eziyA mAInaranA khristI dharmamAMthI ane te pahelAMnA oNphphasanI kathAomAMthI utpanna thayelI che tevo AkSepa kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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daO AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana Avo AkSepa karanArAone AnaMdazaMkara "vikrupA matAga:", "yatra vo mUri kayA" Adi Rgvada sUktanA vacanonA samarthanathI sAbita kare che ke, "ApaNA dezamAM viSNu paratve, ane tema kRSNa paratve, gopa ane golokanI kalpanA bahu prAcIna samayathI cAlI AvatI hatI ane eneM ja vistAra pAchaLathI kRSNa gopAlanI kathAomAM thayelo che". (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 639) bhagavadgItAnuM tattvajJAna : bhagavataparAyaNatA : AtmAnA sva-svarUpanuM ajJAna e gItAnuM bIja che. AtmA-paramAtmAnA svarUpanuM jJAna thavAthI kartavyabhAvanAnuM vaizvika daSTibiMdu prApta thAya che, paraMtu AtmA-paramAtmA svarUpanuM AvuM jJAna kevI rIte prApta thAya? e mATe ApaNA zAstrakAroe aneka mArgo yojayA che. temAM prabhunI saMpUrNa zaraNAgati e eka uttama mArga che. yajJayAga, tIrtha, upavAsa vagere sArI bhAvanAo paramAtmaprAptimAM sahAyakArI che. keTalAka kartavya khAtara kartavya kare che, keTalAka janatAnA kalyANa arthe kare che, keTalAka svarganarakAdinI samajaNathI kare che, keTalAka A janmamAM ja eno lAbha maLaze ema AzAbharyA DahApaNathI kare che ane keTalAka amuka devo vA Izvara prasanna thaze ema dhArIne kare che. game te rIte kartavya karo, kartavyano mahimA ja evo che ke, e aMtaHkaraNane pavitra karI pariNAme sarvAtmabhAva siddha karI Ape, paNa e sarvAtmabhAva prApta karavAmAM uttamottama sAdhana paramAtmAne zaraNe javuM e ja che, anya sAdhano kaThina che, durbaLa che ane ekadezI che, A eka sAdhana ja evuM che ke je saraLa che, ane te sAthe ja vaLI aparimita baLavALuM ane samagra aMtara ane bAhyane vyApI rahenAruM che. A eka sAdhananA aMgamAMthI ja anya sarva sAdhano, viSNunA caraNakamalamAMthI viSNupAdodakI gaMgAnI peThe, svayaM (Spontaneously, deductively ) vahe che. mATe sarva dharmo - paramAtmAnI sAthe "yoga' karAvanArAM nAnAM moTAM prAkRta sAdhano - choDI mAre zaraNe Ava' ema kRSNa bhagavAna sarva dharmanuM rahasyabhUta vAkya upadeze che. (dharmavicAra1, pR.80,81). prabhunI zaraNAgatimAM anubhavAto sarvAtmabhAva Ama to anubhUtino viSaya che te tarkathI pAmI zakAto nathI. tema chatAM "mAre zaraNe Ava' e siddhAMta tarkane paNa anukULa che. te darzAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara manuSyane sadvartana mATe preranAra zakti aMgenA vividha abhigamo tapAse che : (1) jagatanI vyavasthA ja evI che emAM sadvartananA badalAmAM sukha maLe che. (2) sadvartanamAM ja sukha raheluM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva (3) jarmana tattvajJAnI kAnTanA nItizAstrIya siddhAMta anusAra kartavya to kartavya khAtara ja karavuM joIe. 61 uparanA traNe matonI AnaMdazaMkara samIkSA kare che. prathama siddhAMta evI zraddhA upara rahelo che ke, sartanano badalo sukha rUpe hamaNAM nahi to bhaviSyamAM janma-janmAMtara ke svargamAM paNa maLavAno ja che. kAraNake sartananI sAthe haMmezAM duHkha joDAyeluM hoya te mAnava hRdaya svIkAravA taiyAra ja nathI. tethI teno badalo sukha rUpa maLe che ja evI zraddhA manuSyanA hRdayamAM rahelI che. A zraddhA sakAraNa che. paNa AvI sukha meLavavAnI vRttithI thatuM vartana sartana to na ja kahevAya. kAraNake svArtha ane dharma (sartana) sAthe jaI zake tema nathI. bIjA mate sartanane ja sukharUpa gaNI te baMnenI ekatA prasthApita kare che. sartana e ja parama satya sukha che, anya tamAma prakAranAM sukho gauNa che. paraMtu AmAM paNa sukha meLavavAnA ja uddezathI sartana thatuM hoya te pravRtti svArthI ja gaNAya. tethI A siddhAMta paNa tArkika rIte svIkArya nathI. kartavya khAtara kartavya aMgenA kAnTanA matanI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, kAnTano A mata svIkAravA yogya che paNa A siddhAMtamAM kaThoratA ane karkazatA hoI, manuSyane kartavya karavA AkarSe evuM temAM kaMI nathI. A dvArA karmanI kevaLa aupacArikatA phalita thAya che. Ama, uparanA vividha matonI samIkSA karI teo ema sAbita kare che ke A siddhAMto samAdhAnakArI nathI. kaMIka evI zakti zodhI kADhavI joIe ke jenA avalaMbanamAM manuSyane svayaM AkarSaNa thAya. A zaktirUpe bhagavataparAyaNatAnA siddhAMtane AnaMdazaMkara sthAna Ape che. "jenA hRdayamAM koIka kSaNe paNa eno bhAva thayo che. jenI jIvana naukA kSaNavAra paNa enA vaheNamAM paDI sanmArge cAlI che, jeno vicAra eka vAra paNa e amRtamaya jyotinI jhAMkhI karI Avyo che. te enuM divya AkarSaka 'mAdhurya'kadI paNa vIsarato nathI ane enAmAM ja ene potAno AtmabhAva anubhavAya che. je bhagavAnane 'sarvabhAve' zaraNe gayo che, jeNe e sarvAtmabhUta mahAna padArthamAM ja potAnuM Atmatva joyuM che, ane loko jene "AtmA" kahe che e kSudra padArtha ene samarpI dIdho che tene svArthAnusaraNano prasaMga ja kyAM rahyo ? vaLI, je 'rasa'nA taraMga upara Dolato taraMgarUpa thaI rahyo che tenI AgaLa kaThoratAkarkazatA paNa kevI ?" (dharmavicAra-1, pR.82) Ama, bhagavataparAyaNatA (prabhunI zaraNAgati)no mArga ja uttama che ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara sarvadharmAntarityakhya mAmerja zALa vrana / (adhyAya-18, zloka-66) e gItAnA zaktirUpa zlokanuM rahasyodghATana kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana bhagavataparAyaNatA (prabhunI zaraNAgati)rUpI, bhagavadbhAva jAgyA pachI pApanuM astitva rahetuM nathI. "tame game tevA pApa karyA hoya to paNa pApamAM evI zakti nathI ke e tamArA AtmAne haMmezAM bagADI mUke, game te kSaNe AtmAne enA zuddha svarUpamAM prakAzAvI zakAya che.... vaLI jJAnano evo dharma che ke pApI saMskArone hatA tevA ne tevA rahevA daIne ja navA zubha saMskAro umeratuM nathI. paNa dareka navo zubha saMskAra upajAvavAmAM jUnA azubha saMskArano nAza kare che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.83-84). temanA mate jJAnanuM kArya saMskAra pADavAnuM nahIM paNa AtmAnA AMtara-tAttvika svarUpane ja bahAra prakaTAvI ApavAnuM che. kAraNa AtmAnuM tAttvika svarUpa zuddha che. tethI ja pApano kSaya saMbhave che. TUMkamAM pApanA kSaya mATe bAhya AcArane badale samajaNa sAthe AMtara vRtti zuddha karavI AnaMdazaMkaranA mate jarUrI che. kharekhara to apUrNa darzana ja Atma-svarUpanA ajJAnanuM kAraNa che. AtmAne vizALatA ane paratA (Transcendence) dvArA sugrathita karavo joIe. AtmAne deharUpa ke kevaLa aMtaHkaraNa rUpa mAnanAra vAstavamAM "AtmabIja'ne samajato nathI e vRthA pralApa kare che. Aja "AtmabIjI bhagavadgItAnuM paNa bIja che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. Atma svarUpe pragaTa thAya tyAre ajJAna dUra thAya che. paramAtmAnuM svarUpa : jJAna, bhakti ane karma e traNa mArgo vaDe paramAtmAno yoga sAdhavAnuM gItA kahe che. paramAtmAnuM svarUpa ane teno jIvAtmA sAthe saMbaMdha temaja paramAtmAnI anubhUti aMge AnaMdazaMkare vistArapUrvaka ciMtana karyuM che. gItA anusAra paramAtmAnA svarUpanI spaSTatA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : bhUmi,jaLa, agni, vAyu, AkAza, mana, buddhi ane ahaMkAra ema ATha prakAranI paramAtmAnI aparA prakRti che ane jIva e enI parAprakRti che. Ama, parA ane aparA maLI paramAtmAnI samasta prakRti banelI che. A prakRtinA je asaMkhya svarUpo paikI keTalAka evA che ke jemAM paramAtmAnI vibhUti spaSTa ane savizeSapaNe pragaTa thAya che. e vibhUtionAM thoDAMka udAharaNo ApI jaIne kRSNa arjunane kahe che : "je je vibhUtivALuM sattva hoya, zrIvALuM hoya, ane UrjasvI hoya - te te mArA tejamAMthI ja utpanna thayuM che ema samaja. athavA vizeSa zuM kahuM ? A saghaLuM vizva huM mArA eka aMzamAtrathI vyApIne rahyo chuM. A darzana karatAM - karatAM arjunane jyAre prabhukRpAthI vizvarUpa darzana thAya che tyAre ene dekhAya che ke saghaLuM vizva IzvarecchAthI vaza rahIne ja pravarte che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.133) For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva gItA ane vedAMtano paramAtmAno jagatanA sraSTA tarIkeno khyAla eka ja che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. paramAtmA A jagatano sraSTA che. paNa A jagatane e bahAra rahI sarjato nathI. paNa ene potAnAmAMthI vA potAnI ja svarUpabhUta prakRtimAMthI sarje che.vedAMtano A mata gItAnA matane maLato Ave che. gItAnA zlokane TAMkI AnaMdazaMkara tenI spaSTatA kare che. 63 prakRtiM svAmavaSTabhya visRjAmi punaH punaH / bhUtaprAmamiAM tsamavaza praptervazAt // (bhagavadgItA, a-9, zloka-8) (mArI prakRtino Azraya laIne prakRtinA tAbAmAM gayAthI parataMtra (arthAt jenA tenA karmathI baddha) thayelA A bhUtamAtranA samudAyanuM huM vAraMvAra nirmANa karuM chuM ) jIvAtmA-paramAtmAno saMbaMdha : jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdha aneka rIte varNavAyelo che. paramAtmAne bhokatA ane svAmI tarIke, niyAmaka tarIke, pitA ke guru tarIke, vatsala mAtA tarIke, mitra ane sakhA tarIke varNavela che. - paNa A badhA karatAM paNa ekatAmAM caDhe evo eka saMbaMdha che ane te che pati-patnIno. e mATe arjuna 'priya: priyayArdasi reva sohuma'' (bhagavadgItA, a-11, zloka44) - ema prArthe che.paraMtu pati-patnI be maLIne eka thAya che eTalA pUrato paNa caitabhAva na AvI jAya te mATe gItAmAM paramAtmAno jIva sAthe aMzAMzIbhAva paNa kahyo che. paNa A aMzAzIbhAva paNa AgaLa vadhI " kSetraA cApi mAM viddhi" (bhagavadgItA, a-13, zloka-2) ema sarvathA ekatA batAvI che. paNa jeo vedAMtanA siddhAMtano ema artha kare che ke jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAnuM sarvathA advaita che tethI sarva upamAo sAmAnya janane phosalAvanArI che - A mata bhUlabharelo che. 'koIpaNa eka saMbaMdhathI enuM svarUpa pUrepUruM yathArtha varNavI zakAtuM nathI, tethI e sarva saMbaMdha che, ane nathI ema tAtparya che. kharekhara e adbhuta tattvane ApaNe kevI rIte varNavI zakIe ?' (dharmavicAra-1, pR.645) "" paramAtmAnI anubhUti : prabhunuM AvuM svarUpa jANyA pachI ene zI rIte anubhavavo ? te mATe AnaMdazaMkara jJAna, bhakti ane karmanI kriyAnI sAthe ja prabhu anubhavAto jAya che ema kahe che. A mATe gItAe dhyAna, samAdhi jevI mAnasika kriyAone paNa avagaNI nathI. dhyAnayogane gItAmAM jJAnabhakti ane karmanI samAna kakSAe na mUkatAM enA paripoSaka rUpe batAvyo che. "prabhunA vadhu spaSTa darzana mATe gItAe bAhya STine paNa avagaNI nathI. bahArathI For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana AMkha khaseDI aMtaramAM jozo to ja prabhu dekhAze ema eNe kahyuM nathI. enA upadezamAM to AkhuM vizva prabhuthI bhareluM che, mAtra jotAM AvaDavuM joIe... prabhu jagatano sraSTA ja nathI jethI ene vizvanI bahAra zodhavo paDe. pratyeka padArthanuM AMtaratattva, enuM A AdarzabhUta svarUpa prabhu pote che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.645) AdhyAtmika vikAsa kramamAM AgaLa vadhavA mATe AvI dRSTi keLavavI paDe che ema AnaMdazaMkaranuM maMtavya che. prabhu AkhA vizvamAM anusmRta hovA chatAM, keTalAka sthAna vizeSamAM enuM teja vizeSa prakaTa thAya che, je sthAnane gItAmAM 'vibhUti' tarIke varNavavAmAM AvyAM che. A vizvamAM je suMdara (zrImad -Beautiful) ane bhavya-(Urjita, ojasvI - sublime) paramAtmAnI vibhUtivALI vastu dekhAya che te sarva enA tejamAMthI utpanna thAya che. kAraNake A AkhuM jagata potAnA eka aMzamAtrathI bharIne, TekAvIne prabhu rahelo che. paramAtmAnI vibhUti to sarvatra che. Ama chatAM prabhu aMtaramAM paNa vaselo che. eTale manuSya mATe najIkamAM najIkanuM sthAna enuM aMtara che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.647) karmayoga : AtmAnI amaratA ane paramAtmAnI sarva vyApakatAnA saMdarbhamAM gItAnA mahAna upadeza "karmayoga'nuM rahasya AnaMdazaMkare karmayoga- 1 ane 2 e lekhomAM spaSTa karyuM che. bhagavadgItAmAM sarva satyonuM sandohana thayeluM kahevAya che. e mahAna graMthano mahAna upadeza te karmayoga che. karmayogane gItAnA upadezanA kendra sthAne mUkI AnaMdazaMkara manuSya jIvanamAM karmanuM mahattva samajAvI karmayoganI anivAryatA samajAve che. karmayoga e paMDitoe ja carcavAno viSaya nathI, sAmAnyajanone paNa e viSe vicAra karavAno adhikAra che. AnaMdazaMkara karmayogane "jIvana poSaka khorAka' kahe che. temanA mate "A viSaya ApaNA jIvanano roTalo che'. khAdhA vinA cAle to A viSaya vinA cAle" (dharmavicAra-1, pR.86) e khorAka khAtI vakhate ApaNane poSaNa maLaze ke ApaNo kSaya karaze e viSe jAgRta rahevuM joIe. A jJAna bhagavadgItAmAM zrIkRSNa bhagavAne arjunane eTale ke paramAtmAe ApaNane sarvane karmayoga dvArA ApyuM che. "karmayoga' zabdane samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "karma eTale kriyA"ane "yoga' eTale "prabhu sAthe joDAvuM' evo artha che - prANavAyune rUMdhavA ke kADhavAnI kriyA nahIM paNa gItAnA tattvajJAnamAM "yoga' zabda te te zabdo sAthe joDAI temAM viziSTatA pUre che. jema ke strI, putra, dravya, svarga Adi aneka viSayone ApaNe bhajIe chIe- te upara prIti bAMdhIe chIe - te bhajanane te prItine prabhu sAthe joDavI te "bhaktiyoga' che. ApaNA jJAnanA viSaya For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva paNa asaMkhya padArtho che paNa te sarvanuM adhiSThAna brahma che ema samajI ApaNA jJAnano prabhu sAthe saMbaMdha karavo eTale 'jJAnayoga'. ApaNe bahu bahu padArthonuM dhyAna arthAt ciMtana karIe chIe ane e rIte e padArthonA AtmA sAthe ApaNA AtmAnI ekatA anubhavIe chIeparaMtu e ja ekAgra ciMtana paramAtmAnuM karavuM - mananI vRtti viSayamAMthI rokI paramAtmAmAM joDavI - eTale 'dhyAnayoga'. ApaNe pratikSaNa je karmo karIe chIe tene prabhu sAthe joDavAM eTale 'karmayoga'. = Ama jJAna, bhakti ane karma thakI prabhu sAthe joDAvuM e ja 'yoga' che. paNa ApaNA karmone prabhu sAthe kaI rIte joDavA te darzAvavA AnaMdazaMkara traNa rItanuM nirUpaNa kare che. jema ke, (1) Adi, aMta ane madhya traNemAM prabhu sthApIne ApaNA karmo prabhumAMthI nIkaLe che e dRDha samajaNa rahevI joIe. (2) karma pote paNa bhagavAnanuM ja svarUpa che e dRSTi rahevI joIe. (3) e sarva karmo mArA svArtha mATe karavAnAM nathI paNa paramAtmA arthe karavAnAM che evI samajaNa hovI joIe. 5 Ama, trividha rIte karmano prabhu sAthe yoga karavo e bhagavadgItAno mahAna upadeza che. e ja karmayoganuM rahasya che. karmayoga ane advaitasiddhAMta : gItAno karmayoga advaitasiddhAMtano virodhI nathI. 'prakRti' ane 'puruSa'nA dvaitamAM traNa rIte advaitabhAvanI siddhi thaI zake che. (1) prakRtino phakta niSedha karIne H jemAM mAtra akartA daSTA puruSa ja rahe ane karma mAtra baMdha thaI jAya. (2) puruSano niSedha karIne advaitabhAvanI siddhi A rIte phakta jaDa kriyAvatI prakRti ja rahe ane te paNa caitanyanA teja ne abhAve aMdhakArathI chavAI jAya. - AnaMdazaMkaranA mate AmAMno prathama siddhAMta te Alasya ane nirvedamAM pariName ane bIjo siddhAMta aihika jIvanane ja mahattva Apato nAstikatAnuM rUpa le che. tethI 'prakRti' ane 'puruSa'nA advaitabhAvanI trIjI rIta batAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, (3) For Personal & Private Use Only 'prakRti'ane 'puruSa' ubhayanuM paramAtmAmAM advaita sAdhavuM. arthAt prakRtino niSedha na karavo, puruSano paNa na karavo - ane ka2vo tyAre baMneno karavo : ubhaya saMgrAhaka ane ubhayabAdhaka eka tattva-paramAtmAmAM karavo.

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana karmanA siddhAMtamAM A vicAraNAne lAgu pADatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "pravRttino niSedha na karavo, nivRttino paNa na karavo, ane pravRttimAM nivRtti sAdhavI, arthAt jovI. zrImadbhagavadgItA kahe che tema, karmaNyakarma yaH pazyedakarmaNi ca karma yaH / sa vuddhimAn manuSyaSa sa yup: kRtsat ! (bhagavadgItA-4, zloka-18) arthAta - "je puruSa karmamAM akarma jue ane akarmamAM karma jue te ja puruSa sarva manuSyomAM buddhimAna - jJAnI-che, ane akhila karma karanAra karmayogI paNa te ja che. Ama, ati dRSTithI zrImadabhagavadagItAe karma ane jJAnano pravRtti ane nivRttino avirodha sthApyo che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.88). A saMdarbhamAM karmasaMnyAsa (jJAna) ane karmayoga (karma)no avirodha che ke, saghaLA vikAronI vacce avikRta rahetuM tattva Atmatattva che. A satya samajavuM tenuM nAma "sAMkhyabuddhi. AvI sAMkhyabuddhi eka vAra prApta thayA pachI AtmA kAMI kare che evI bhrAMti Upaje nahIM eTale ke karavuM na karavuM AtmAne nathI dehane che. eTale naiSkarmarUpa saMnyAsano kharo artha eTalo ja che ke karma karatI vakhate A karma huM karuM chuM ane enuM phala mane ho - evI ahaMkatRtvanI buddhi ane phalAbhisandhi na joIe. kartA kArayitA prabhu che ema samajavuM. siddhi-asiddhi, jayaparAjayanI darakAra na karavI ane phaLa mAtra prabhune samarpI devAM e ja kharo saMnyAsa che. A rIte jotAM, karmasaMnyAsa ane karmayoga vacceno bheda vilaya pAmI jAya che. "karma saMnyAsa' eTale ja karma tyajI devAM, ane "karmayoga" eTale "sAMkhyajJAna" athavA "buddhi tene karmane lAgu pADavI. A baMne AtmadaSTie eka ja che. (dharmavicAra-2, pR.133) AtmabhAva ane ahaMtA : advaitasiddhAMta sAthe "karmayoga' no avirodha che. karmone prabhu sAthe joDavAM eTale 'karmayoga". ahIM prazna e che ke kevA karmo prabhu sAthe joDavAM ? khoTAM karmo to prabhu sAthe joDI zakAtAM ja nathI. manuSyanAM sArAM karmane ja prabhu sAthe joDavAM eTale "karmayoga". arthAtu khoTAM karmanI javAbadArI manuSyanI potAnI che. khoTAM karma mATe javAbadAra ahaMtA - huMpaNuM che. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "AtmAnA svasvarUpanA jJAna anusAra thatuM mana, vANI ane karma enuM nAma "AtmabhAva'. ethI UlaTI rIte tamArA sAme mArI jAtane sthApavI, vizva sAme mArA piMDane mUkavo, eka akhaMDa caitanyane ajJAnathI khaMDita karavuM, ane tadanusAra mana-vANI ane karmane svArthaparAyaNa karavAM enuM nAma "ahaMtA" (dharmavicAra-1, pR.89) Ama,ahaMtA TaLe ane AtmabhAva utpanna thAya e ja sthitaprajJanI sthiti che. tene gItAnA tattvajJAnanA eka mahattvanA siddhAMta tarIke svIkAravAmAM Ave che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva karmayoganuM rahasyaH AtmabhAvanI prApti mATenAM sAdhano ApaNA prAcIna zAstromAM varNavelAM che. temAMthI potapotAnA svabhAva anusAra manuSya sAdhananI pasaMdagI karI AtmabhAvanI prApti mATe AgaLa vadhavAnuM hoya che. potAnA svabhAvanI khAmI ane khUbIo vicArI manuSya A nirNaya karavAno hoya che. paNa ahIM eka prazna udbhave che ke dareka manuSya A rIte vicAravAnI zakti dharAvato hoto nathI. evA saMjogomAM gItAno karmayoga eka mahAmArga sama banI rahe che. AtmabhAvanI prApti mATenI sAdhana pasaMdagI taTastha vicAra zaktithI na karI zakAtI hoya to tevA manuSyo e karmayoganA dhorI mArge caDhavuM. kAraNake, "aneka satkarmo karatAM karatAM uttama zIla jAme che; paNa te jAmatAM pahelAM potAnI svataMtra buddhithI kartavyano nirNaya karavAno lobha rAkhavo vRthA che. A viSayanI svataMtra buddhi jene aMgrejImAM 'Conscience' kahevAmAM Ave che eno nirNaya tyAre ja prAmANika bane che ke jyAre e buddhi rAga-dveSAdi doSa thakI mukta thAya che ane saMsAranA anubhavathI paripakva bane che. A sthiti prApta karavA mATe ApaNA zAstrakAroe varNAzrama dharmanA dharmo racI cUkyA che. e varNAzrama dharmonuM sevana karavuM ane te niSkAma vRttithI paramAtmA upara daSTi rAkhIne karavuM te karmayoganuM rahasya che". (dharmavicAra-1, pR.89) varNAzrama dharma ane karmayoga : varNAzrama dharmonuM pAlana e karmayoganA raste cAlanAra mATe anivArya che te darzAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "A dharmonA AcaraNamAM koI vahemI ke julamI vyavasthAne adhIna thavA jevuM nathI. manuSya svabhAvanA ane saMsAra tattvanA pUrNa anubhavI, pratibhAzALI ane paropakArI mahAtmAo e A jagatanA kalyANa arthe e mArgo banAvyA che. te keTalIka vakhata lAMbA ane vikaTa lAgatA haze kharA, paraMtu ghaNA TUMkA ane sugama dekhAtA mArgo ja vastutaH bhulabhulAmaNI bharelA nIvaDe che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.89) ahIM eka prazna thAya ke gItA cAlatI rUDhie cAlyA karavAno upadeza Ape che ? kartavyano nirNaya kevaLa svataMtra buddhithI karavo kevo kaThaNa che e jaNAvatAM zrIkRSNa bhagavAne karmaNo hyapi bauddhavyaM bauddhavyaM ca vikarmaNaH / varSanazva vauddhavya dinA phaLo atiH II (bhagavadgItA,a-4,zloka-17) ema karma - vikarma ane akarma traNenI bAbatamAM cetatA rahevAnuM kahyuM che. ane jJAtvA zAstravidhAnoruM karma mirAIsi ! (bhagavadgItA,a-16, zloka-24) ema zAstrano vidhi anusaravAnI AjJA karI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana arthAt AnaMdazaMkaranA mate ahaMkartutvanA abhimAna rahita ane phalAbhisaMdhirahita thaIne je karma karavAM te prabhune samarpI devAM e ja karmayoga che. prazna e rahe che ke sArAM khoTAM karmano viveka kevI rIte karavo ? gItA anusAra tenI traNa kasoTI che. (1) svadharma : "zAstromAM te te varSa mATe je je karmo TharAvyA che te ja karavAM. zAstroe karmo game tema TharAvI dIdhAM nathI. paNa te te varNanA svabhAva ane guNano vicAra karIne TharAvyAM che." (2) daivI saMpata ane AsurI saMpata : judA judA varNanAM judAM judAM karyo che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa sArAM khoTAM karmono manuSyamAtrane lAgu paDato evo vibhAga che - te e ke amuka guNa "daivI saMpata'ne nAme oLakhAya che ane amuka "AsurI saMpata'ne nAme oLakhAya che. A guNonI yAdI uparathI amuka karma sAruM ke khoTuM evo nirNaya sahelAIthI karI zakAya che."(dharmavicAra-2, pR.133134) jo ke, "karmayoga-1'nA lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara rUDha thaI gayelA varNAzrama dharmomAM keTalAka AsurI saMpatamAM upakAraka hoya to tene dharmano mela samajIne dUra karavA ane zuddha bhAgane tAravavo ema paNa noMdhe che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.90) (3) guNatrayanI kasoTI : "uparanI baMne kasoTIthI vadhAre sukSma kasoTI sattva - rajansa ane tamasa e traNa prakRtinA guNomAMthI maLe che satva e uttama guNa che, rajasa madhyama che. tamansa kaniSTha che." (dharmavicAra2, pR.134). Ama, uparanI traNa kasoTIne AdhAre potapotAnA dharmano vicAra karI sArAM kRtyo karavAM, khoTAM na karavAM ema karmanI keLavaNI letAM - letAM manuSya uccatAne pAme che. te mATe, karma na tyajatAM prabhune zaraNe thaI javuM e paramazreyano mArga che. je prabhune zaraNe thaI jAya che tene prabhu sarva pApathI mukta karI potAno karI le che. vartamAna bhAratamAM karmayoganI prastutatA : paramAtmAmAM daSTi sthApI karmaniSTha rahevuM, ane potapotAnI prakRtino vicAra karI adhikAra joI kartavyanirNaya karavo e karmayoganA upadezanuM sAduM-saraLa temaja mahAna rahasya che. A upadezanuM mahatva samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, : "karmayoganA upadezanI mahattA e che ke manuSya jAtinA amuka ja vargane - rAjAne ke raMkane, vidvAnane ke abhaNane, strIne ke puruSane For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva ja te lAgu paDato nathI. manuSya mAtrane - ane te paNa sarva dezamAM ane sarva kALamAM lAgu paDato upadeza che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.91) ALasa, viSAda, ciMtA, zaMkA vagere AtmazoSaka vRttione dUra karI udyama, utsAha, AnaMda vagere AtmapoSaka vRttio prajAmAM dAkhala karavI e karmayogano eka mukhya bodha che ema tAravI vartamAna bhAratamAM ALasa, viSAda, ciMtA, zaMkA vagere jevA nakArAtmaka guNonI sAme karmayoganI 'upacArAtmaka prastutatA' AnaMdazaMkara darzAve che. ALasa : 23 bhAratIya samAjamAM 'bAvAo' ane 'phakIro'no varga je niaiguNya ke sattvaguNanI avasthAe pahoMcelo nathI paNa ALasa ane pramAdamAM rahI tamo guNanI avasthAe jIve che. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara gItAne TAMkatAM kahe che ke : na karmaNAmanAraMbhAnnaiSkarmya puruSo'zrute / na 2 saMnyasanAveva siddhi samAdhimati // (bhagavadgItA, a-3, zloka-4) "mAtra karma karavAnuM mAMDI vALavAthI mANasa niSkarma dazA prApta karato nathI tathA saMnyAsa-karmatyAga-eTalAthI ja e siddhi pAmato nathI" (dharmavicAra-1, pR.91) - evuM bhagavacana che je karmayoganI prastutatA darzAve che. saMnyAsa e jJAnamArgI mATe eka uttama sAdhana che. paNa ApaNA dezamAM tene samUha mATe zakya banAvavAno prayatna karavAmAM Avyo che. te saMnyAsanuM khoTuM arthaghaTana che. saMnyAsa eTale karmatyAga evI mAnasikatA sAme, AnaMdazaMkara karmayogamAM rahelo kartavyano khyAla rajU kare che. vartamAna bhAratamAM AnuM satata smaraNa rAkhavuM-rakhAvavuM ApaNuM parama kartavya che. karma anAraMbhanA khoTA khyAlathI bhramita thayelI, ALasa ane pramAdamAM jIvana jIvatI AvI bAvAonI ane phakIronI aneka jamAto ApaNA dezamAM jovA maLe che. A vargano uddhAra karavAnuM kAma samAjanuM che. A vargane tiraskAravAthI nahIM paNa antyaja varganA uddhAra mATe jevA prayatno thAya che tenA karatAM paNa vizeSa prayatno bAvAonA ane phakIronA varganA uddhAra mATe karavA joIe ane e mATe temane yogya keLavaNI maLI rahe tevI vyavasthA karavI joIe. audyogika jAgRtithI A vargane sabhAna karI tene udyamazIla banAvavo joIe. te samAjanI javAbadArI che. jo ke AvA prayatnamAM bhAratIya paraMparAmAM saMnyAsanuM mahattva vIsarI tAruM natha, paraMtu te sAcuM ane e mamaM ii poMcAle che saMsAra e karmatyAga nathI-tyAga ane paropakAranI satvaguNI bhAvanA sadA kAyama rAkhIne jana-samAjane e vargano lAbha apAvavo e samAjanI javAbadArI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana vaLI, bhagavadgItAe niMdelo 'karma-anAraMbha'no doSa bAvAo ane phakIronA vargamAM ja che ema nathI paraMtu ApaNo keLavAyelo varga paNa AvI ALasa dazAmAM jIvI tamo guNa pradhAna jIvana jIvI rahyo che. A varga deza pratye potAnuM kartavya bajAvavAmAM niSphaLa gayo che e paNa AnaMdazaMkara nirdeza karavAnuM cUkatA nathI. viSAda : ALasa pachI AtmazoSaka evo bIjo guNa viSAda che. je vyaktine kartavyamUDhanI sthitimAM mUkI de che. viSAdanI sAme karmayoganuM utsAhanuM dRSTibiMdu vyakta karI bhAratIya samAjamAM udyamazIlatAnA guNonuM sthApana karavuM joIe. 70 "jagatanI vividha prajAno ItihAsa ApaNane koIpaNa satya mukhyatve karI zIkhavato hoya to te e cheke manuSyanI uttamatA ane adhamatAnI zakyatAne sImA nathI. hAtha-paga joDI besI rahI dinaparadina adhika adhamatA prApta karavAnuM ApaNAmAM sAmarthya che, to te ja rIte kamara kasI kartavyaparAyaNa thaI dina-pratidina adhikane adhika uttamatA meLavavAnuM sAmarthya paNa ApaNAmAM kema na hoya ? Ama vicArI, utsAhI thavuM-e ardhuM kAma karyA barobara che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.94) ciMtA : manuSyanA AtmAno trIjo roga ciMtA che. je ahaMtAnuM pariNAma che. ciMtAthI mukta thavAno ekamAtra upAya kartavyaparAyaNatA ja che. zaMkA : zaMkA e kartavya cUkavanAra zakti che. teno pratikAra bhagavadgItAnA karmayoganuM mukhya tAtparya che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. teo kahe che : "zaMkAno pratikAra bhagavadgItAe zraddhApUrvaka kartavya karye javuM evo batAvyo che. vicAranI kharI kasoTI AcAra che, ane tethI kAryAkAryanA vicAramAM gUMcAI paDatAM anubhavI mahAtmAo upara zraddhA rAkhI teoe batAvela mArge prayANa karavuM, anubhava letA cAlavuM ane anubhavathI potAnI bhUlo sudhAratA javuM. arthAt vicArane ekalAne mahattva na ApatAM AcArathI vicArane zuddha karatAM rahevuM - A zrIkRSNe arjunane upadezelA karmayoganuM mukhya tAtparya che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.94) Ama ALasa, viSAda, ciMtA, zaMkA vagere doSomAMthI mukta thavAno upadeza karmayogamAM ughama, utsAha, AnaMda, zraddhA vagerenA guNonA mAdhyamathI Apelo che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 71 svadezAbhimAnanA daMbhI khyAlomAM jIvatI ApaNI prajAne tema ja kartavyanA prazna arjunanA jevI mUMjhavaNa anubhavatI ApaNI prajAne karmayogano upadeza atyaMta sArthaka che. "svadezasevAnA moTA nAmathI aMjAI jaI, ApaNI nikaTa paDelAM haMmezanAM kartavya cUkavAM nahi. svadezasevAnI bhAvanA dRSTi AgaLa rAkhavAnI nA nathI : kahevAnuM tAtparya eTaluM ja che ke kharI svadezasevA te ApaNA nityakarma karavAthI ja sadhAya che. je rAta-divasa "svadeza' - "svadeza" ema nAma uccAryA kare che te ja kharo svadezasevaka nathI; paNa je eka pitA tarIke, putra tarIke, bhAI tarIke, mitra tarIke, pADozI tarIke, musAphara, dukAnadAra ke amaladAra tarIke ema vividha rUpe kuTuMbamAM, zerImAM, bajAramAM, kacerImAM, corAmAM potAnuM kartavya bajAve che e ja kharo svadezabhakta che. ApaNe ane ApaNI bhAvanAnI vacce zUnya marudeza paDelo nathI : vacalo paMtha asaMkhya suMdara kartavyathI chavAyelo che, temAM thaIne ja ApaNe ApaNA udiSTa sthAna tarapha prayANa karavAnuM che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.95). AtmAnI amaratA (sAMkhyabuddhi) : AtmAnI amaratA e gItAnA samasta upadezano pAyo che. AtmAnA amaratvanA AdhAre nIti, dharma ane tattvajJAna TakI rahelAM che. AtmAnuM amarapaNuM be rIte che : (1) AtmAne janmajanmAMtara che, uccheda nathIH jema manuSya jUnAM vastro kADhI navAM vastro pahere che tema e eka deha tyajI navo deha dhAraNa kare che. arthAt amaratA e dehAMtara che. (2) janma maraNa paNa deha ne ja che, AtmAne nathI. AtmA to dehanA jarA-maraNAdi saghaLA vikAranI vacce avikRta rahetuM tattva che. A satyane AnaMdazaMkara 'sAMkhyabuddhi kahe che. bhagavadgItAno upadeza : bhagavadgItAnA mukhya upadeza aMge TIkAkAromAM matabheda che. AnaMdazaMkara A matone be vibhAgamAM vaheMce che. koIka gItAnA siddhAMtane jJAna, zama ane advaitane mAne che to koIka bhakti, karma ane dvitane mAne che. AkhA graMthano jhoka joke bIjA uttarane anukULa jaNAya che tathApi pahelA uttarane rucatAM thatAM evAM vacano paNa bhagavadgItAmAMthI vipula pramANamAM maLI rahe che. (dharmavicAra-2 pR. 134) gItAno adhikArI : gItA jJAnamArgano upadeza kare che ke karmayogano te dvaitano khulAso AnaMdazaMkara gItAnA upadezano adhikArI kaI jAtano che tenA saMdarbhamAM Ape che. teo kahe che te svArthathI para, ziSyatvanI bhAvanAvALo ane sarvabhAve prabhune zaraNa hoya. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana 1 A saMdarbhamAM kRSNa ane arjunanA saMbaMdha svarUpanI carcA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "kRSNa ane arjuna nAmAntare nArAyaNa ane nara - te ekabIjAnA parama sakhA che ema mahAbhArata ane gItA kahe che te, - dvA suvAM sayunA sahvAyA samAnuM vRkSa pariSasvanAte / vALI cA e upaniSada vAkyano ja anuvAda che. eTale gItAmAM paramAtmA zAstA che ane sAmAnya manuSya - je uttama jJAnI nathI ane adhama viSayI paNa nathI - e ziSya che e vAta yAda rAkhIne ja gItAnuM tAtparya zodhavAnuM che. evA manuSyane karma, bhakti ane dvaitanA upadezano ja adhikAra che. tethI A jAtanAM vAkya bhagavadgItAmAM vizeSa che. paNa A karatAM jeno adhikAra vadhAre ucca che tene mATe jJAna, zama ane advaitano bodha paNa koI koI sthaLe sUcavyo che." (dharmavicAra-2 pR. 134) 72 jIvamAtra manuSyamAtra gItAnA zravaNano adhikArI che. ethI e samasta manuSyajAtinuM dharma pustaka gaNAvA yogya che. manuSya saMbaMdhI gItAkAranI kalpanA jarA UMcI che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. manuSya deva nathI, to te pazu paNa nathI. gItA dharmarAja yudhiSThirane upadezavAmAM AvI nathI, tema duHzAsananI chAtI phADIne enuM rudhira pIvAne utsuka evA kSaNavAra nara pazu banavA taiyAra thayelA bhImane paNa upadezI nathI. paNa e upadezano adhikArI arjuna che. na yudhiSThira na bhIma; arthAt sAmAnya manuSya - nara- je dhAre to kAmakrodhAdine vaza na thatAM potAnI jAtane buddhi anusAra dorI zake - e gItAnA upadezano adhikArI che. (dharmavicAra-1 pR. 641) evo adhikArI arjuna che. te klIba ke kAyara nathI paNa eka mahAna jIva che. dharmasaMkaTa samaye prApta manaHsthiti e viSAda nathI paNa viSAdayoga che. A viSAda jIvAtmAnuM paramAtmA sAthenA joDANanuM sAdhana che. milTana kahe che tema e aMtima nabaLAI che. Ama AnaMdazaMkaranA mate arjuna viSAdayoga e guNa che. doSa mAnIe to te mahAna AtmAnI mahattAno doSa che. arjunane klIba ke kAyara nahIM paNa eka mahAna jIva tarIke samajI AnaMdazaMkara gItAnA prathama adhyAyamAM rajU thayela arjunanA viSAdane yogarUpa kahe che. temanA mate e viSAda doSa nathI paNa guNa che. e doSa che te mahAna AtmAnI mahattAno doSa che. kavi milTananI nIcenI paMkti A saMdarbhe AcAryazrI noMdhe che. 'It is the last infirmity of noble minds'. arjuna UMcI koTIno madhyamAdhikArI che. arthAt "dharmAcaraNa mATe dvidhA janmatAM je viSAda thAya che e viSAda prabhu samakSa vyakta karavo e brahmajJAna mATenI yogyatAnuM prathama lakSaNa che. arjuna potAnA viSAdane zrIkRSNa samakSa rajU karIne ene paramAtmA sAthe joDe che. eTale ja e AtmajJAnanI yogyatA meLave che. hdayanA UMDANamAM cAlatA maMthanone A rIte khullA karavAthI hRdaya paramabhAvanA anubhava mATe yogya thatuM jAya che. arjunane viSAda thAya che For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 73 eTaluM ja basa nathI, paNa e viSAda yogya vibhUti samakSa vyakta thAya che emAM enA viSAdanuM mahattva che. e viSAda yogarUpa banato hovAthI enuM hRdaya jJAna, bhakti ane karmane samajavA yogya bane che." (AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanI dharmabhAvanA, pR. 93) Ama, svakartavya samajyA vagara paNa, vijaya-rAjya-sukha-sarva-prakAranA bhoga- are! jIvita paNa - pArakAnA sukhArthe tyajavA tatpara thayo che te ja bhagavadgItAnA mahAna upadezano adhikArI che. gItAnA prathama adhyAyano nIceno zloka rahasyarUpa che. na kAMkSe vijayaM kRSNa na ca rAjyaM sukhAni ca / fi no rAjjaina vindra liMka moau navatena vA ! (bhagavadgItA-1-32). ("mAre jayanI icchA nathI, rAjyanI ke sukhanI paNa nathI, he goviMda, rAjya ke bhoga ke jIvitanuM ApaNe zuM kAma che?"). gItA eka yogazAstra : upaniSadamAMthI khAsa pasaMda karela brahmavidyAnuM gItAmAM nirUpaNa che. brahmavidyA kevaLa brahmane nirUpe che, paNa gItAno upadeza viSaya kevaLa brahmanirUpaNa nathI, paNa ethI vizeSa "kaMIka karavuM? zuM karavuM?" e che. brahmasvarUpa nirUpaNa emAM aMgabhUta che. kAraNake tene lIdhe ja kartavyatAno nirNaya karavAmAM mArgadarzana maLI rahe che. Ama, gItAmAM jJAnano karmano viniyoga karavAmAM Avyo che. gItA jJAnane karmamAM joDavAnuM zAstra che ane e kRSNa ane arjunanA saMvAdarUpe jagatane maLeluM che. gItAnA mULa tAtparyane spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara gItAne "yogazAstra' kahe che. gItA mAtra jJAna, karma ane bhaktino upadeza karatI nathI paNa jJAnayoga, karmayoga ane bhaktiyoga samajAve che. A yoga e jIvAtmAne paramAtmA sAthe joDavAnuM sAdhana che. jIvAtmAne paramAtmA sAthe joDI Ape evAM jJAna, bhakti ane karma kevI rIte AcaravA enI samaja gItAno mukhya bodha che. gItAne eka yogazAstra tarIke siddha karavA AnaMdazaMkara eka trikoNanI AkRti darzAve che. paramAtmA jJAnayoga bhaktiyoga karyoga jJAna bhakti karma A AkRtimAM AnaMdazaMkare trikoNanA pAyAmAM jJAna-bhakti ane karmane mUkIne paramAtmA For Personal & Private Use Only

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74 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana lagI pahoMcatI bhaktinI rekhAne sauthI TUMkI darzAvI che. - ahIM bhakti taraphano temano vizeSa prema prakaTa thAya che. jo ke A dRSTAMtanI maryAdA batAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, jJAna, karma ane bhakti je eka ja AtmAnI Intellect or understanding, will and emotion e traNa vRttinAM svarUpa che. - e A lITIonI mAphaka sarvathA ekabIjAthI alaga hotAM nathI. temAM paNa jyAre emane paramAtmA prati lagADavAmAM Ave che (vA), tyAre prApya vastu eka hoI, emanI ekatA paNa emanI meLe ja phalita thAya che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 642) paramAtmA sAthenA yoga sAdhavAnA sAdhanono AnaMdazaMkara suMdara samanvaya karI Ape che. jagatanAM saghaLA manuSyo samAna ruci ane samAna zaktivALA hotA nathI. teoe potAnAM svAbhAvika valaNa anusAra (jJAna, karma ke bhakti anusAra) potAnuM sAdhana pasaMda karavAnuM che. paNa jema svAbhAvika valaNa jovAnuM che tema pratyeka vyaktie potapotAmAM jenI UNapa hoya te pUravA mATe bIjAM sAdhanonuM sevana karatA rahevAnuM che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 643) anAsaktiyoga : jJAna, karma ane bhaktine laukika viSayothI para laI jaIne paramAtmA sAthe joDavAmAM Ave che tyAre anukrame jJAnayoga, karmayoga ane bhaktiyoga bane che. AmAM gAMdhIjIe "anAsaktiyoga" umeryo che. AnaMdazaMkara "anAsaktiyogane vastutaH pUrvokta traNeya yoganuM aMtargata rUpa mAne che. eTale ke traNe yoga enA vinA siddha thatA nathI. pUrvokta rIte viSayamAMthI vRttione aLagI karavI athavA to vadhAre cokkasa bhASAmAM bolIe to emAM rAkhIne paNa ethI alaga rAkhavI enuM nAma "anAsaktiyoga'. (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 465) - A uparAMta "anAsaktiyoga' nAme eka lekhamAM "anAsakti' eka sAdhana che ke sAdhya che ? evA praznanA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke " A praznano uttara gItAmAM sAMkhyane eka yoga" eTale ke jIvAtmAne paramAtmA sAthe joDavAnA sAdhanarUpe nirUpIne Apyo che. eTale ke, anAsakti e jAte "sAdhya nathI, paNa e vaDe kAMIka bIjuM ja sAdhavAnuM che ane te paramAtmA sAthe jIvAtmAno saMbaMdha. e saMbaMdha kAMI navo sAdhavAno nathI, paNa che ja tene pharI sacoTa rIteeTale ke aMtaHkaraNamAM pratyakSa rIte anubhavavAno che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.559) bhagavadgItAnuM sarvagrAhI mahAbhya: gItAmAM nirUpAyelA siddhAMto alaga-alaga rIte bIjAM ghaNAM pustakomAM maLI Ave che. paNa dharmanA samagra tattvane je rIte gItA spaSTa kare che evo samagralakSI abhigama bIjAM eka paNa dharma pustakamAM jovA maLato nathI. jo ke ahIM chUTA chUTA dharma siddhAMtonA saravALArUpa gItAnuM jJAna che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahevA mAgatA nathI, paNa dharma potAnA vyApaka svarUpe For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 7pa bhagavadgItAmAM nirUpAyo che ema AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. teo kahe che : "koI paNa satya akhaMDarUpamAM mUkavuM e manuSyavANI mATe kaThina - lagabhaga azakya che ane tethI A gItA te bhagavadvANI manAya emAM Azcarya nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 460) Ama chatAM AcArya zrI AnaMdazaMkara gItAnA tAtparyane bhASyathI nirUpI zakAya evuM mAnatA ja nathI. zrImadbhagavadgItAnuM tAtparya enA samagra rUpamAM manavANIne agocara che. tenuM svarUpa paramAtmAnI peThe kevaLa anubhava gocara che, tarka ke vANI ane nirUpI zakatI nathI. TUMkamAM gItA e anubhava ke anubhUtino ja viSaya che. (3) SaDradarzananI saMkalanA zAstraciMtana', "SaDradarzananI saMkalanA" ane bIjA keTalAka lekhomAM AnaMdazaMkare bhAratIya darzanano aitihAsika kAlakrama nirdhAraNa karavAno prayatna karyo che. bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI aitihAsika saMgati racI tene eka akhaMDa dhArA rUpe nirUpI zakAya tema che. bhAratIya darzanomAM vicAra pravAhanI eka akhaMDa dhArA vahe che, je zaMkarAcAryanA "kevalAdvaita'mAM virame che - evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. tattvadarzananI saMgati : pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanI jema koI kalpita cokaThAmAM nahi, paNa vicAra paraMparAne anulakSIne ApaNA tattvadarzananI paraspara saMgati racatAM pahelAM AnaMdazaMkara zAstronI paraspara saMgati racavAnI tArkika ane aitihAsika paddhatio vacceno taphAvata spaSTa kare che. (1) tArkika paddhati : Logical Method Logical Method no artha pramANa siddha che ema nahi paNa vicAranI saMkalanA yAne ghaTanAmAM UtarI zake evuM. (2) aitihAsika paddhati : Historical Method aitihAsika paddhati te Logical thI bhinna eTale ke logical'pramANa viruddha che ema nahi, paNa vicAra saMgati (consistency in thought)ne badale je kAlika vastusthitine AdhAre cAle che te. A aitihAsika paddhati pramANa maryAdAnI bahAra nathI. sarva pramANamAM A paddhatino samAveza thAya che. Ama, baMne paraspara virodhI nathI. tArkika paddhatithI ItihAsane nirUpI zakAya che. temaja aitihAsika paddhatimAM tArkikatA hovI ja joIe. vAstavika kAlanirNaya para racAyelI A paddhati ApaNe tyAM prAcInakALathI cAlI For Personal & Private Use Only

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76 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana AvelI che. pachIthI samaya jatAM guru-ziSya paraMparA lupta thatAM temaja ItihAsanA pustakonA abhAve A paddhatino upayoga baMdha thayelo che. paraMtu atyAre ApaNA prAcIna zAstronA samayanuM ane temanA paraspara saMbaMdhanuM jJAna ApaNane vadhu sArI rIte prApta thayuM che teno upayoga karI pharIthI A paddhatine jIvita karavAnI anivAryatA che. aitihAsika sAdhanonA abhAve ApaNA pUrvajo vividha darzanonI saMgati emanA avirodhI aMzone tAravI batAvatAM hatAM. AnaMdazaMkara A avirodha tAravavAnI paddhatine aitihAsika paddhatithI alaga gaNe che. Avo avirodha sthApavAno prayatna karanArA traNa graMthonuM AnaMdazaMkare avalokana karyuM che. (1) sAMdhyapravanamANa mAM vijJAnabhikSue karelI saMgati : sAMdhyapravavanamASya mAM vijJAnabhikSue kapilamuninA sAMkhyano nyAya-vaizeSika ane brahmamImAMsA sAthe avirodha sthApyo che. nyAya-vaizeSika sAthe sAMkhyadarzanano avirodha. pUrvapakSa : puruSArtha, puruSArthanuM sAdhana, jJAna ane jJAnano viSaya AtmasvarUpa vagere viSayomAM nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoe yukti batAvI che - eTale sAMkhyadarzananuM koI prayojana rahetuM nathI. kAraNake nyAya-vaizeSika AtmAne sAdhanArI yuktio ApI AtmAne saguNa TharAve che, jayAre sAMkhyadarzana tene nirguNa TharAve che. Ama teomAM paraspara virodha rahelo che. tethI baMne pakSanuM prAmANya azakya thaI paDe che. uttarapakSa : upara mujaba pUrvapakSa sthApI baMneno avirodha sthApatAM vijJAnabhikSu uttarapakSamAM kahe che ke, - "ema na kahezo. nyAyazAstra yukti batAvI che eTale sAMkhyazAstra niprayojana che, ke teono paraspara virodha che - ema nathI. nyAyazAstra laukika anubhavone AdhAre mAtra deha ane AtmAno viveka sAdhe che. e rIte e vyavahArika (UtaratuM) prakAranuM tattvajJAna bane che. "tadIyamapi jJAnamaparavairAgyadvArA paramparayA mokSasAdhanaM bhavatyeveti tajjJAnapekSayA'pi ca sAMkhyajJAnameva pAramArthikaM paravairAgyadvArA sAkSAnmokSasAdhanaM ca bhavati / " / e nyAya-vaizeSikanuM jJAna paNa apara (UtaratA) vairAgya dvArA paraMparAe mokSanuM sAdhana bane che. paNa e jJAna sAthe sarakhAvatAM sAMkhyajJAna ja pAramArthika che. ane para (caDhiyAtA) vairAgya e mokSanuM sAdhana thAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva * sAMkhyadarzana ane brahmamImAMsAnI saMgati : sAMkhya sUtrakArane IzvaravAda agrAhya nathI. puruSo aneka che chatAM vedAMtamAM emanI ekatA pratipAdana karI che te emanA sAmya paratve levAnI che, prakRti te ja mAyA che ane enuM mithyAtva amuka rIte ja samajavAnuM che. (2) prasthAnaHmela mAM madhusUdana sarasvatIe karelI saMgati : 77 emAM pratyeka darzananuM prayojana batAvI (chevaTe sarva darzananuM prayojana batAvI) aMte sarvadarzanonuM tAtparya vivartavAda mukhe advitIya paramAtmAnuM pratipAdana karavAnuM che ema jaNAvyuM che. A saMdarbhamAM madhusUdana sarasvatIne TAMkI AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che : "sarva mArga racanAra munionuM tAtparya vivartavAdamAM paryavasAna pAmI-advitIya paramezvaranuM pratipAdana karavAnuM che. e munio bhrAMta na hatA; kAraNake teo sarvajJa hatA. paNa bahirviSaya tarapha jeonuM mana lAgeluM che temano sahelAIthI puruSArtha (52ma puruSArtha)mAM praveza thaI zakato nathI - tethI teone nAstika thaI jatA aTakAvavA mATe (tattvanA) judA judA prakAra batAvyA che. upara kahelA advitIya brahmavAdamAM teonuM tAtparya che e na samajIne vedI je bAbato viruddha che temAM paNa teonuM tAtparya mAnIne, loko veda viruddha mata (matabhAga)ne paNa grahaNa karavA yogya mAne che - ane evI rIte aneka mArge caDhe che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 346) (3) tasaMgraha - rIpiA ne aMte asaMbhaTTe karelI saMgati : "nyAyanA padArthonA jJAnanuM parama prayojana mokSa che. nididhyAsananI yoga kriyA dvArA dehathI vilakSaNa evA AtmAno sAkSAtkAra thAya che. e thatAM mithyAjJAnano nAza thAya che. tethI doSa rahetA nathI ane doSa na rahyA, eTale pravRtti nahi, ane pravRtti nahi eTale dharmaadharma nahi, ane e nahi eTale punarjanma nahi, ane pUrvanA dharma-adharmano cAlu janmamAM anubhavathI nAza thayo eTale chevaTanA duHkhadhvaMsarUpI mokSa siddha thayo." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.346) Ama, vijJAnabhikSu, madhusUdana sarasvatI ane azaMbhaTTe AvI vividha dArzanika vicAronI saMgati racavAno prayatna karyo che. AnaMdazaMkara nIrakSIra nyAye A traNe saMgatione tapAse che. (1) vijJAnabhikSue nyAya-vaizeSika ane sAMkhyano avirodha sthApyo eno sAra eTalo ja grahaNa karavAno che ke mokSa prAptinA sAdhanomAM vairAgyAdi je sAdhana AcaravAnAM che, temAM nyAya vaizeSika ane sAMkhya sarvane avakAza che. paraMtu For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana vijJAnabhikSue batAveluM sAMkhanuM svarUpa yathArtha che ema sAMkhyane nirIzvara vAdI mAnanArA svIkArI zake nahi. - vijJAnabhikSue vedAMtanuM je svarUpa batAvyuM che te paNa zAMkaravedAMtathI bhinna che jene zaMkaramatAnuyAyI svIkAraze nahi. vastutaH upaniSada vAkyo jotAM vijJAnabhikSue batAveluM prAcIna vedAMtanuM svarUpa yathArtha nathI. (2) madhusUdana sarasvatIe darzanonA avirodhAMzane laIne sarvane eka vicAra ghaTanAmAM joDyA che. AthI prAcIna darzanano ApaNe mokSa sAdhanAmAM zo upayoga karavo e saMbaMdhI sArI sUcanA maLe che. Ama chatAM te te aMzane ekalo letAM emAM je je apUrNatA rahe che tene anya anya darzane ItihAsakramamAM kevI rIte pUrI pADI che. e saMbaMdhI jJAna to ItihAsanA dIpa vinA maLavuM azakya che. vaLI, "prayojana' zabda vAparIne madhusUdana sarasvatIe te te darzananI mokSa sAdhanAmAM vyavahAru upayogitA (Practical usefulness) zI che e batAvavAno ja uddeza rAkhyo che. vastutaH te darzananI utpattino ke vikAsano vicAra (genesis)emanA nirUpaNano hetu nathI. e nirUpaNa aitihAsika sAdhanane abhAve emanAthI banI zake ema hatuM paNa nahi. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.347) annabhaTTe karelI saMgati viSe AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, temAM paNa mokSanA sAdhana aMge nyAyadarzananI upayogitA ane yogadarzana temAM kevI rIte madadarUpa thAya te ja jaNAvyuM che-e darzanonI utpattino vicAra annabhaTTe karelo nathI. A traNeya saMgatio vicAraghaTanA (Logical) nI che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che ane tenI racanAno udeza darzanonA jJAnane ApaNA zreya sAdhanAmAM kevI rIte upayogamAM levuM tevo vyavahAru uddeza (Practical end) ja che. AvI tArkika saMgatithI aitihAsika kAlakrama aMge (mULanI utpattinA prazna aMge) kazuM ja AdhArabhUta jANavA maLatuM nathI. tethI pUrvajonI A saMgatinI madadathI AnaMdazaMkara aitihAsika kAlakramanA nirNaya aMge prayatna karavAnI anivAryatA darzAve che. teo kahe che : "hiMdanA tattvajJAnanuM ciMtana karanAra dareka abhyAsInI pharaja che ke je paddhatie thelsa ane sokreTIsathI mAMDI DArvina ane spensara vagere sudhI pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanI saMkalanA thaI che te ja paddhatie ApaNA dezanA tattvajJAnanI paNa saMkalanA karavI joIe."(dharmavicAra-1, pR.348) Ama, aitihAsika AdhAronA abhAve ApaNe ghaNuM gumAvyuM che. have temAMthI keTalAka (ra) 4 .5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva AdhAro ApaNane prApta thayA che tene dhyAnamAM laI ApaNA tattvajJAnanA chUTAchavAyA aMzonI saMkalanA karavAno asarakAraka prayatna karavo joIe. temanA mate : "vartamAna samayamAM jagatanA bIjA dezothI ApaNA dezane juduM dhoraNa lAgu pADI zakAya ema nathI ane je aitihAsika paddhatie anya dezanA mahApuruSo ane emanI kRtio vize vicAra karavAmAM Ave che, te ja paddhati ApaNA dezane mATe paNa svataH siddha rIte lAgu paDe che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.349,350) darzanonI utpatti ekakAlAvaccheda che ke kramika che ? : ,, sUtra ane darzanano bheda na jANI zakanArA keTalAka sarva darzanone ekakAlAvaccheda gaNe che. AnI sAme AnaMdazaMkara SagdarzanonI kramika utpatti aMge aitihAsika paddhatie vicAra kare che. 79 tattvajJAna te sAmAnya AkAranuM, darzana te vyavasthita tattvajJAna ane sUtra te darzananA siddhAMtane pratipAdana karanArAM TUMkA vAkyo Avo bheda spaSTa karI AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke darzano karatAM paNa darzanonuM tattvajJAna teno vicAra vadhu prAcIna che. darzanonA sUtrothI te te darzanano AraMbha thayo manAya che, paNa vastutaH e sUtro karatAM paNa e darzanonuM tattvajJAna vadhAre prAcIna che. - e tattvajJAnane ja sUtrarUpe vyavasthita ane vicAra baddha karavAmAM AvyuM che. jagatanA koI paNa sthaLe badhAM tattvajJAna ekI vakhate janmyAM hoya ema baneluM nathI badhAM darzano sAthe sAthe pracalita che tethI ekI samaye ja udbhavyA che ema kahI zakAya nahIM. jo ke A kramanI carcA karatAM pahelAM eTalI spaSTatA karavI jarUrI che ke koIpaNa darzana pUrvanAM badhAM darzanonA vaicArika saMbaMdhano AtyaMtika lopa karIne pravartya hoya ema banatuM nathI. Ama, ApaNA darzanonuM svarUpa jotAM ApaNAM darzanone ekI vakhate utpanna thayelAM mAnavAM e dRSTi azAstrIya (unscientific) che. AthI darzanonA aitihAsika kAlakramanI racanA karI, temAM rahelI vaicArika saMgati spaSTa karI AnaMdazaMkare bhAratIya tattvajJAnano AraMbha zrutinA samIpathI zarU thaI, zrutithI dUra jaI, pharI zruti pAse tattvaciMtana AvIne TharyuM. ane ema be sAMkhya, be nyAya ane be mImAMsAnA svarUpa ane kramanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. Sagdarzanano udbhava ane temAM rahelI tattvavicAranI vikAsa prakriyA : saMhitA, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSada e 'zruti' gaNAya che. temAM rahelAM satyo RSioe paramAtmA pAsethI sAkSAt zravaNa karelAM che. gurupaMraparAthI A satyo peDhI dara peDhI cAlyAM, paraMtu A satyone zravaNanI bhUmikAmAMthI darzananI bhUmikAmAM utAravA mATe judA judA mArgo zodhavA paDyA ane e rIte Sadarzanano udbhava thayelo che. saMskRta kALanA pUrvArdhamAM eTale ke vaidikayuga pachI I.sa. pUrve 600nA arasAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana mahAvIra svAmI ane gautamabuddha thayA. te samayane AnaMdazaMkara darzanonI utpattino samaya mAne che. darzana eTale jovAnuM sAdhana. khAsa vedanA satyo jovA mATe brAhmaNa zAstrakAroe judAM judAM cha zAstro sUtra AkAre racyAM che. e 'Sagdarzana' kahevAya che. SaDgarzananI racanAnA uddezanI spaSTatA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : brAhmaNa ane upaniSada graMthomAM karma ane jJAnano je upadeza karyo che emAM kAMI paraspara viruddha jevuM dekhAya, kAMI na samajAya evuM hoya ItyAdi saghaLuM baMdhabesatuM ane samajAya evuM karavA mATe A darzano racAyAM che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.148) 80 A rIte darzanonI utpatti batAvI AnaMdazaMkara temAM rahelI tattvavicAranI vikAsaprakriyA batAvatAM vedano saMdarbha Ape che. jJAnamAtrano bhaMDAra 'maMtra' yA 'saMhitA' e sarvamAM sUtra sthAne che - hArda rUpe che. te eka ja advitIya vANI che, je AkhA janasamAjanI judI judI AdhyAtmika bhAvanAone tRpta kare che. brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSada e sUtranA hArdane spaSTa karanAra bhASyarUpa che. advitIya jJAna vedano sAra upaniSadanAM keTalAka mahAvAkyomAM samAyelo che. je mahAvAkyo nIce pramANe che : jIva paramAtmA che, jagata paNa paramAtmA che, chatAM paramAtmA ubhaya thakI adhika che - chatAM kevala advitIya che. paramAtmA sivAya bIjuM kAMI ja nathI. e paramasatya ajJAnathI DhaMkAyeluM che. e ajJAna e ja duHkha, e ja pApa, e ja azuddhi. ajJAnathI pAra javuM e ja AnaMda, e ja parama kartavya, e ja vizuddhi. upaniSadoe ema siddhAMta karyo ke kharI vastu ajJAnane lIdhe manuSyane jaNAtI nathI mATe jJAna prApta karavuM. have prazna e thAya ke ajJAna je sarva anarthanuM mULa che te kevI rIte dUra karavuM ? ahIM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "A prazna upara manana karatAM Adi vidvAna kapilamunine jaNAyuM ke, deha ane AtmA - 'prakRti' ane 'puruSa' - e be padArtho, vastutaH bhinna che, temane seLabheLa karI nAkhavAthI, arthAt emanI vAstavika judAI na samajavAthI, sarva doSa utpanna thAya che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 122) sarva doSonuM kAraNa 'prakRti' ane 'puruSa'no aviveka che. tethI temanA svarUpa samajI temanI vacce viveka karavo eTale ke ekanuM vikArItva ane bIjAnuM sarvavikArarahitatva grahI levuM e kapilanA darzanano mArga che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. kapile mUla avyakta prakRtimAMthI mahat For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva tattva, ahaMkAra, paMcatanmAtrA vagerevALuM bAhya ane AMtara jagata kevI rIte AvirbhAva pAme che te batAvyuM che ane A sakaLa prakRtinI zRMkhalAthI puruSa kevo alipta che te paNa batAvyuM. judAM judAM tattvonI saMkhyA gaNAvatuM hovAthI athavA keTalAka vidvAno sArI 'khyA' - kahetAM buddhiviveka buddhi sujhADI tethI A darzananuM nAma 'sAMkhyadarzana' che. - sAMkhyadarzanane AnaMdazaMkara prathama darzana gaNe che. 'AdividvAna' kapila tenA raciyatA che. kapilamuninA samaya vize kaMI kahI zakAtuM nathI paraMtu veda ane upaniSadamAM sAMkhyadarzananA mULabhUta tattvo jovA maLe che. tethI siddha thAya che ke te atiprAcIna darzana che. 81 sAMkhyasUtrane jo mULabhUta mAnavAmAM Ave to kSaNikavijJAnavAda, SapadArthavAda, SoDazapadArthavAdano svIkAra karavo paDe. paraMtu sAMkhya saMpradAya anusAra kapilamuni (sAMkhyAcArya) brahmAnI eka ja peDhI dUra ane kardama prajApatinA putra che. mahAbhAratamAM kapilamunine 'sAMkhyazAstraviSArada''brahmAnA mAnasaputra' kahyA che. A saMdarbhamAM sAMkhyasUtrane mULabhUta mAnatA ApaNe bauddha kSaNika vijJAnavAda pachI tene mUkavA paDe, je sAMpradAyika mAnyatA pramANe ayogya Thare che. A rIte tenuM prasthApana karatAM sAMkhyadarzanane ApaNe bauddha kSaNikavAda pachI mUkavuM paDe ane Ama thavAthI AnaMdazaMkaranA mate - - "ApaNA prAcIna graMthonA aitihAsika kramamAM keTalo viplava thaI jAya che.' aitihAsika rIte sAMkhyadarzanano yogya krama darzAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke 'tattvasamAsa' saMkSipta sAMkhyadarzana che. enuM ja 'SaDthAyI' (kapilasUtra) ane yogadarzanamAM thayelo vistAra jene 'pra + vacana' evI saMjJA prApta thAya. A be sAMkhya pravacanamAM eka SaDyAyImAM nirUpita sAMkhya ane yogadarzanamAM nirUpita sAMkhya vacce phera eTalo ja che ke SaDthAyI, tattvasamAsamAM kahelA padArthono vistAramAtra che. jyAre yogadarzanamAM tattvasamAsamAM thayela IzvaraniSedhane dUra karavAmAM Avyo che. Ama 'tattvasamAsa' pachI SaDthAyI (kapilasUtra) tathA yogadarzana e mULa saMkSepano vistAra hovAthI tene sAMkhya pravacana kahevAmAM Ave che. Ama badhAM darzano ekI sAthe ane ekI samaye UbhAM thayAM che e matane darzananA potAnA sAMpradAyika ItihAsanuM samarthana nathI. sAthe sAthe sAmAnya dRSTithI paNa e vAta samajI zakAya che ke sarvadarzano sAthe sAthe pracalita hoya teTalA uparathI ekI vakhate teno udbhava thayo che e vAta tarkasaMgata nathI. hakIkata to e che ke koIpaNa sthaLe badhAM tattvajJAna ekI vakhate janmyAM hoya evuM jJAta nathI. vaLI 'sAMkhyasUtra' nAme atyAre je graMtha pracalita che te sAMkhyAcArya kapilano nathI ema For Personal & Private Use Only

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82 nIce mujabanAM pramANo dvArA AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che : (1) kapilamuni je sAMpradAyika ukti pramANe Adi vidvAnane nAme oLakhAya che te sarvAnumate sarvadarzanakAromAM AdyadarzanakAra che. Ama chatAM 'sAMkhyasUtra' IzvarakRSNanI 'sAMkhyakArikA' karatAM paNa arvAcIna che. AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana (2) zaMkarAcArya sAMkhyadarzananuM aneka sthaLe khaMDana kare che. teo koI paNa ThekANe 'sAMkhyasUtra' - kahevAtA kapilasUtrane TAMkatA nathI. (3) sAMkhyakArikA upara vAcaspati mizranI TIkA che. emAM paNa sAMkhyasUtranuM avataraNa nathI. (4) sarvadarzana saMgrahanA kartAe (I.sa. 1350) paNa sAMkhyadarzananA nirUpaNamAM 'kapilasUtra'no upayoga karyo nathI. A rIte aitihAsika purAvA ApI AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che ke sAMkhyadarzananI utpatti vakhate anya sarvadarzano hayAta hatAM e vicAra ayogya che. hiMdu dharmamAM eka vakhate sAMkhya khUba ja mAnItuM darzana hatuM. mahAbhArata ane purANo vageremAM sAMkhyano upadeza vipula pramANamAM jovA maLe che. A darzananA mukhya siddhAMto nIce pramANe che : saMsAramAM anubhavAtA du:khonuM kAraNa prakRti ane puruSa evA be parasparathI svataMtra tattvonI bheLaseLa che. puruSa cetana chatAM akriyAzIla che, jyAre prakRti acetana chatAM kriyAzIla che. puruSa prakRtinI kriyAone potAnI mAnI le che ane duHkhomAM phasAya che. prakRti ane puruSa judA che-evuM jJAna-'vivekakhyAti' te mokSanuM sAdhana che. prakRti triguNAtmaka che je sukha-duHkha ane moha upajAve che. prakRti potAnI meLe ja vikAra pAmatI hovAthI A darzana IzvaramAM mAnatuM nathI. (prakRti svayaM vikAra pAmatI hovAthI svataMtra sRSTikartA tarIke sAMkhyane IzvaranI jarUra paDI nathI.) sAMkhyanA uparyukta siddhAMto AnaMdazaMkarane mAnya che. paraMtu mULa sAMkhyadarzana nirIzvaravAdI na hatuM, ema vividha pramANo dvArA AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. keTalAka bhAratIya vidvAno ane yuropiyana ciMtako sAMkhyazAsrane 'nirIzvaravAdI' kahe che. sAMkhya bhASyakAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 83 vijJAnabhikSue aneka pramANo ApI siddha karyuM che ke paramArtha dRSTie sAMkhya IzvaravAdI che ane abhyapagamavAdanI rIte nirIzvaravAdI che. AnaMdazaMkara paNa sAMkhyane IzvaravAdI gaNe che. paraMtu te mATe vijJAnabhikSue karelA prayatnane te kRtrima gaNe che. kAraNake sAMkhya bhASyakAra vijJAnabhikSue - sAMkhya IzvaravAdI che te aitihAsika satyane puravAra karavA mATe sAMkhyazAstranAM be svarUpa kapyAM che, je barAbara nathI. AnI spaSTatA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che : "ItihAsanA jJAnanA abhAve vijJAnabhikSue sAMkhyazAstranA be yuga pADavA joIe tene badale 'vyavahArika" ane "pAramArthika' - 'abhyapagamavAda" ane "paramArthavAda" - evAM sAMkhya zAstranAM be svarUpa kahyAM che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 362). sAMkhyanA upara mujaba be svarUpa kalpavAnA mULamAM aitihAsika satya raheluM che ane temAMthI ja be kapila thaI gayA tevI mAnyatA janmI che. vAstavamAM sAMkhyanAM AvAM be svarUpo kalpavA tathyathI vegaLA che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. Ama, AnaMdazaMkara sAMkhyane nirIzvaravAdI gaNavAnA valaNano virodha kare che. DaoN. sara rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara paNa evo ja mata dharAve che. AnaMdazaMkara sAMkhyazAstranA ItihAsamAM prAcIna ane navIna evA be yuga mAne che. ane emAMno pUrvayuga sezvaravAdI ane uttarayuga nirIzvaravAdI hato ema kahe che. zvarasiddha (sAMkhyapravacanabhASya : 1-92) e sAMgasUtranuM tAtparya A saMdarbhamAM samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che: "rphazvarasiddha" e sAMgasUtranuM tAtparya Izvarano pratiSedha karavAnuM nathI paNa Izvara siddha thaI zakato nathI eTaluM ja pratipAdana karavAnuM che". (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 364)potAnI A mAnyatAne sAMkhya pravacana bhASyano AdhAra che ema vividha udAharaNo ApI AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. yuropanA be mahAna tattvajJAnIo kAnTa ane spensare, "Izvara nathI" ane "Izvara siddha thaI zakato nathI' evAM be vidhAno vacce rahelo taphAvata ajJeyavAda dvArA samajAvavAno prayatna karyo che. A ja vicArano upayoga AnaMdazaMkara rAziH sUtrane samajAvatAM kare che ke "Izvara ajJeya che'. AthI AnaMdazaMkara e mata darzAve che ke sAMkhya nirIzvaravAdI nathI. "ApaNA prAcIna graMthomAM jyAM jyAM sAMkhyanuM nirUpaNa ane sAMkhyanA ullekha che tyAM tyAM vizeSa manana karatAM mane jaNAyuM ke pataMjalinuM sAMkhya sezvaravAdI che. eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu kapilanA sAMkhyamAM paNa eka deza sezvaravAdano che ane te nirIzvaravAda karatAM jUno che. ane A je nirIzvaravAda che te upaniSadamAMthI amuka bhrAMtie karIne temaja kALa baLane lIdhe janma pAmyo che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 365) For Personal & Private Use Only

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84 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana yogadarzanaH manuSya AtmAmAM ajJAnanAM je paDa bAjhelAM che te eTalAM agAdha che ke mAtra prakRtipuruSanA vivekanI samajaNathI dUra thatAM nathI. prakRti -puruSano aviveka e ajJAnanuM mULa che. ema jANyA pachI paNa manuSya rAga-dveSa, dehavAsanAthI mukta thaI zakato nathI. AnaMdazaMkara Ane "manuSyanI adhamatAnI parAkASTA' kahe che. A samasyAmAMthI ugaravA mATe vadhAre cokkasa mArganI jarUra paDI ane te "yogadarzana'mAM zodhAyo. sAMkhyanA pachIthI thayelA rUpamAM je Izvara mAnavAmAM Avato nathI. tenI sAme yogadarzana IzvaramAM mAne che. te sivAya bIjI badhI bAbato sAMkhyanI yoga svIkAre che. sAMkhe prakRti-puruSano viveka karavAnI vAta karI paNa te kevI rIte karavo te mATenAM sAdhano yogadarzane batAvyAM che. pataMjali racita "yogadarzana'pratipAdita mukhya siddhAMtonI carcA karatAM AcAryazrI kahe che ke : "cittavRttinI uzruMkhala gati e A avivekanuM mULa che ane tethI cittavRttino virodha karavo, eTale AtmAnuM prakRtithI vivikta svarUpa enI meLe prakAzaze ane AtmA enA parama tAttvika svarUpa, arthAt paramAtmA sAthe enI meLe yojAze-joDAze" (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 123) pataMjalie ApeluM yoganuM vittavRttinirodha: evuM lakSaNa yoga' zabdanA mULa arthamAM raheluM nathI ema kahI 'yoga' zabdanuM lakSaNa spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "yoga eTale lAgu karavuM - jIvAtmAne paramAtmA sAthe joDavo, athavA to sAMkhyajJAnane anubhavamAM utAravuM te" A mULa artha pataMjali karatAM prAcIna che. A darzananAM mULa tattvo cheka upaniSadamAM maLe che, ane yoganA mukhya aMgonuM anuSThAna gautama buddha (I.sa. pUrve chaso varSa) nA vakhata pahelAM paNa jANItuM hatuM. tethI eTaluM siddha thAya che ke pataMjalinAM sUtro te yogadarzananuM Adya pustaka nathI. (dharmavicAra - 2, pR. 149) cittavRttinA nirodhanI rIto paNa yogadarzane batAvI che. yogazAstra AMtara prakRtinA pariNAmakramanuM savizeSa avalokana karyuM che. tattvavicAranI prakriyAmAM yogazAstrane AnaMdazaMkara sAMkhyadarzanathI eka DagaluM AgaLa mUke che. "sAMkhe saghaLo AdhAra AtmAnA potAnA baLa upara rAkhyo hato, tene badale yoge IzvaranA anugrahanI madada paNa lIdhI ane Izvara praNidhAnane paNa eka sAdhana mAnyuM." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 123). mImAMsAdarzana : sAMkhya ane yoganuM jJAna atyaMta sUkSma ane jaTila che. teno lAbha badhA manuSyo laI zake tema nahotA. A kAraNothI sAMkhyadarzana karatAM paNa prAcIna evA brAhmaNa graMthomAMthI eka For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva bIjo mArga sAmAnya mANasomAM khUba ja lokapriya hato, je sAMkhya ane yoganA prabhAvathI aTakAvI zakAyo nahoto. brAhmaNagraMthomAM devayajananI asaMkhya vidhio batAvI hatI. brAhmaNagraMthonI A vikharAyelI vidhio 'kalpasUtra'mAM goThavAI ane ukta-anukta ane paraspara viruddha-ukta vidhio samajavA mATe vAkyonA artha karavAnA niyamo ghaDAyA : A sarva 'mImAMsAzAstrane' nAme prasiddha che. 85 dharma eTale ke karma te A darzanano viSaya hovAthI te 'dharmamImAMsA' athavA 'karmamImAMsA' kahevAya che. vaLI prathama karma ane pachI jJAna - tethI A darzanane pUrvamImAMsA paNa kahe che. sAMkhya ane yogathI aspRSTa rIte astitvamAM AvelA A darzanane sAmAnya mANaso sAMkhyayoganI keTalIka musIbatonA khulAsA tarIke gaNatA hatA. yogadarzane IzvaranI madada lIdhI paNa Izvarane prasanna karavAnA mArgo batAvyA nahotA te mImAMsA - darzanamAM vidhi-vidhAna (karmakAMDa) svarUpe AvelA jovA maLe che. AnaMdazaMkara mImAMsAdarzananA upadezane skuTarUpe tattvajJAna gaNavA taiyAra nathI. teo kahe che : "mImAMsAno upadeza darzanazAstranA mULa tattvathI viruddhano hato. manuSya AtmA potAnuM ane jagatanuM svarUpa oLakhavA ane sarvanuM AdikAraNa jANavA talapI rahyA che te vakhate enI AgaLa karmakAMDanA vidhi dharavA taddana nirarthaka che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 124) jo ke anya darzano sAme TakavAnA prayatnamAMthI emAM paNa pAchaLathI thoDuMka tattvajJAna umerAyuM che, paNa AnaMdazaMkara tene gauNa ane pUrvamImAMsAnA mukhya svarUpathI svataMtra rIte raheluM gaNe che. eka vakhata evo haze ke karmanA vidhi niSedhanuM kAma pUrvamImAMsAe janasamAjanI ane vyaktinI kharI dhArmikatA khAtara mAthe lIdhuM haze. tyAra pachI evo vakhata Avyo ke jyAre e jJAna dhUmathI agni DhaMkAI jAya ema karmathI DhaMkAI gayuM. A samaye te upaniSadoe karelI yajJanI niMdAno ane bauddhadharmanA aruNodayano. "AvA samaye A dharmabuddhie pazuhiMsAmAM rasa lIdho eTaluM ja nahiM, paNa Izvarane paNa na mAnyo ! bauddhadharmanI mAphaka, karma potAnI meLe ja phaLa Ape che, svarga-narakAdi upajAve che - ema mAnyuM ane devatAo paNa karmane vaza thaI rahelA lAgyA. AgaLa jatAM jyAre bauddhadharme veda upara prahAra karavA mAMDyA tyAre ene vedaprAmANya siddha karavAnI jarUra paDI. vinA Izvare eNe vedanuM prAmANya sthApavAnI hiMmata karI, ane A rIte keTaloka tattvajJAnano umero thayo. paraMtu pUrvamImAMsAnuM mukhya svarUpa tattvajJAnanuM nahi : karavAnAM te karmo, jJAna nahi, ane te vaDe meLavavAnuM te paNa koI tattva nahi, paNa svargAdika. A siddhAMtamAM garbhita rIte keTaluMka tattvajJAna rahyuM che. (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 133) A rIte pUrvamImAMsAmAMthI tattvajJAna sphuTarUpe maLatuM nathI. A uparAMta A darzanamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana AtmAnA svarUpano ke Izvara viSeno vicAra na hato. tethI enA parama puruSArthanA mArgane paNa AnaMdazaMkara "jaDa karmonA jaMgalamAM paDelA mArga" tarIke oLakhAve che. Ama, mImAMsAzAstrane tattvajJAnanA kSetramAMthI AnaMdazaMkara bAkAta rAkhe che. sAMkhya ane yoganA jevo gUDha nahIM paNa sAmAnya mANasa mAtra laukika stare samajI zake tevA darzanazAstranA ja kharA pradezamAM rahIne vicAre evA mArganI jarUra hatI. te samayamAM kaNAda racita "vaizeSika" darzanano uddabhava thayelo che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. A darzana Azare I.sa. pUrve 600 varSanuM che. sAMkhya ane yoganI muzkelIothI vaizeSika darzana mukta hatuM. tenA mukhya siddhAMto AnaMdazaMkara spaSTa karI Ape che. A ghaTa che, ene raMga che, ene Ama tema calAvI zakAya che, eno amuka khAsa dharma che jene laIne e ghaTa kahevAya che, e guNa karma ane lakSaNabhUta sAmAnya, sarve ghaTarUpI dravyamAM amuka nitya saMbaMdha (samavAya)thI rahelAM che. ghaTa jeno banelo che tenA aMtima dravyane paramANu kahIe chIe ane "vizeSa'thI temanAmAM bhinnatA Ave che. jaDa jagatathI AtmAnA dharma judA ja che. AtmA dehathI judo che. 'liyaMkurAdika kAryo che eno kartA hovo joIe, e kartA te huM nathI ane huM te tame nathI eTale AtmAo paNa aneka ane paramAtmA Izvara sarvathI judo che. Ama, sAmAnya mANasane gaLe UtarI jAya tevo ane darzanazAstranI maryAdA jALavato vaizeSika darzanano upadeza sRSTinA padArthonuM vizleSaNa karato hovAthI, laukika dRSTie svIkArya banyo che tema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. prakRti ane puruSa be bhinna padArtho che. te vaizeSika darzananA padArthonA vizleSaNathI saraLatAthI jANI zakAya che. te padArthonA vizeSa dharmo jANavA mATe anumAna pramANanI jarUra paDI. tethI anumAnano paddhatisara vicAra karI padArthonA vizeSa dharmonI anumAna dvArA sAbitI nyAyadarzana Ape che. - dareka bAbatamAM vedanuM pramANa ApavuM e barAbara nathI. tethI pramANa paddhati sthApavAnI jarUra paDI ke jenA vaDe dareka mANasane dalIlo dvArA amuka satyonI khAtarI karAvI zakAya. - Izvarane paNa anumAnathI siddha karavAnuM kAma "nyAyadarzana kare che. nyAyadarzananI anumAna praNAlInuM aitihAsika avalokana karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che: "A arasAmAM bauddha ane jainapaMthIoe vaidikamArga upara prahAra zarU karyA hatA, sAmAnya loka ke jeomAM e paMthoe khAsa praveza karavA mAMDyo hato emanI AgaLa pagale For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva pagale vedanAM ja vAkyo TAMkavAM have nirarthaka thayAM hatAM. tethI khAsa vedanAM ja vacano upara AdhAra rAkhIne besI na rahenArA ane sAMkhya ane yoganI AkAzacuMbI bhUmikAethI UtarI laukika vANImAM vAta karanArA tattvadarzananI jarUra hatI, ane e jarUra nyAya ane vaizeSika darzane A samaye pUrI pADI." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 125) tattvavicAranI vikAsa prakriyA nyAyanI anumAna paddhati sudhI AvI eka hetuvAdI ane bauddhika stara pUratI sImita rahI gaI. nyAyanI anumAna paddhati bhale grahaNa karavA yogya hoya paNa jIva-jagata ane IzvaranA svarUpa saMbaMdhI eNe je nirNaya bAMdhyA che te sthaLa ane UMDI dhArmikatAnI dRSTithI rahita hatA. A darzana mAtra buddhine saMtoSI zake tema na hatA. manuSyanA samagra AtmAne saMtoSa ApavAnuM sAmarthya temanAmAM na hatuM. nyAyadarzananI bhUmikA mAtra laukika rIte padArthonI anumAna dvArA sAbitI Ape che. zrutinA samIpathI (upaniSadathI) zarU thayelI mAnavabuddhi nyAyadarzanamAM tarkanA Azraye Ave che. paraMtu temAM paNa asaMtoSa rahetAM pharI zruti tarapha vaLe che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, A vakhate agAunAM badhAM ja darzanonI muzkelIono khulAso kare ane zrutine AdhAre raheluM hoya tevA tattvadarzananI jarUra hatI ane te "vedAMtadarzana' racavAthI pUrNa thaI. vedAMtadarzananA sUtrakAra bAdarAyaNa vyAsa che. vedano aMta athavA siddhAMta jemAM rahela che te upaniSada eTale vedAMta : ane enA upadeza saMbaMdhI vicAra karanAruM darzana te vedAMtadarzana, je "brahmamImAMsA' ane "uttaramImAMsA nAme prasiddha che. temAM paramAtmA ane jIvAtmAnA svarUpa ane saMbaMdha viSe, paramAtmAnI prAptinA sAdhana viSe, mukti vize mahattvanuM ciMtana karavAmAM AvyuM che. tenA para pachIthI zaMkarAcArya, rAmAnuja, vallabhAcArya, madhvAcArya, nimbArkAcArya vagere AcAryoe bhASyo racelAM che. upaniSada pachInA hiMdudharmanA ItihAsanA pUrva bhAgamAM sAMkhya ane vedAMtadarzana ekatra bhaLelAM hatAM - pAchaLathI sAMkhyadarzana nirIzvaravAdI thatAM e be judAM paDyAM ane vedAMta sAMkhyanuM khaMDana karyuM. eka rIte jotAM vedAMta e sarva darzanomAM jUnAmAM jUnuM che. kAraNake upaniSadamAM pratipAdana kareluM tattvajJAna enuM nAma ja vedAMta che. paNa eno sUtragraMtha sAMkhyayoga, vaizeSika, jaina, bauddha vagere darzanothI arvAcIna che." (dharmavicAra - 2,pR. 151) (4) vedAMta darzana padarzanamAM vedAMtanuM sthAna : "paDradarzanamAM vedAMtanuM sthAna e nibaMdhamAM AnaMdazaMkara vedAMta darzananI tattvavicAraNAne anya pAMca darzana sAthe sarakhAve che ane vedAMta darzananA keTalAka pAyAnA siddhAMtonuM sUcana For Personal & Private Use Only

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88 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana karIne te anya darzanomAMthI kevI rIte udbhavyA che te batAve che. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA temaja vedAMtanI vividha zAkhAono tulanAtmaka abhyAsa kare che. mULa sAMkhyadarzanano upadeza ke prakRti ane puruSano viveka karavo te vedAMtane mAnya che. paraMtu aitihAsika kAlakramamAM sAMkhyanA siddhAMtono je vikAsa thayo te siddhAMto vedAMtathI viruddha che. yoga darzane sAMkhyamAM be sudhArAvadhArA karyA. sAMkhya prakRti puruSanA viveka AgaLa AvIne aTakyuM hatuM. e viveka siddha karavAno sAdhanAmArga yogadarzane Apyo. jyAM sudhI yoganA siddhAMto vedAMtanA parama udeza jJAnaprAptine siddha karavAmAM madadarUpa hatA tyAM sudhI vedAMta temane svIkAryA che. paraMtu yogamAM vedAMtanA jJAnamArganI avagaNanA thaI eTale aMze yoga vedAMtane mAnya nathI. manuSyanA uddhAra arthe yogadarzanane IzvaranI AvazyakatA jaNAI te paNa vedAMtane mAnya nathI. vaizeSika ane nyAyadarzana laukika rIte ja tattvajJAnanA praznonI carcA kare che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. anumAna pramANa vaDe vaizeSika ane nyAya Izvarane siddha kare che je vedAMtane mAnya nathI. vedAMta eka tarapha sAMkhya ane yoga ane bIjI tarapha vaizeSika ane nyAya e baMnenA siddhAMto tapAse che ane te baMne sAmasAmA pakSane ekatra karIne potAno prakRti - paramAtmA advaitano siddhAMta sthApe che. vedAMta eka tarapha IzvaranuM astitva siddha kare che ane bIjI tarapha enuM ja khaMDana kare che. AvA paraspara viruddha pratipAdano karI vedAMta e baMnenI pAra rahelA uccatara tattvanuM sUcana kare che : "vikAritva bezaka prakRtimAM aMkAI raheluM che, paNa te sAthe e vikAramAM paNa kAMIka racanA-caitanyanI chApa-pratIta thAya che. tyAre emAMthI eka ja vAta samajAya che ke vikAritva bahAranA cetanamAMthI AvIne prakRtimAM paDyuM nathI; ane te sAthe e prakRtinuM potAnuM paNa nathI, kAraNake prakRti to aMdha che, ane A vikAra te adbhuta racanAvALo che. mATe ubhaya pakSane yogya nyAya ApavA mATe prakRti ane paramAtmAne eka bIjAthI judAM na rAkhatAM, temanI mahemAMhe gUMthaNI mAnavI, gUMthaNI te dorAnA jevI nahi, kAraNake dorAo to ekabIjAthI judA judA hoI ekaThA gUMthAya che. jaDa vastu pramANe prakRti ane paramAtmAne judAM mAnI ekaThAM gUMthIe to to je doSano sAMkhya ne Dara lAgyo hato e doSa kAyama rahe - prakRtimAM vikAritva bahArathI AvI paDe, prakRti pote svabhAve avikArI Thare ! mATe mULathI ja prakRti ane paramAtmAne ekaThAM mAnavAM, ema vedAMtano siddhAMta che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 128129) For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva A pramANe vedAMtanA tattvavicAranI sthApanA karI AnaMdazaMkara vedAMtanI vividha zAkhAono paricaya Ape che : (1) viziSTAdvaita : paramAtmA ane prakRtino saMbaMdha AtmA ane zarIra jevo che. (2) zuddhAdvaita : paramAtmAne prakRtirUpe pariNamI rahelo gaNe che. (3) kevalAdvaita : mithyA upAdhi mAtra karIne ja sarva bheda pratIta thAya che. 89 jo ke madhvAcAryanA dvaita siddhAMtane AnaMdazaMkara vedAMta eTale ke aupaniSada darzana gaNavA taiyAra nathI. tenA kAraNanI spaSTatA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "madhvAcAryanA dvaitane vedAMta eTale ke aupaniSada darzananuM nAma ja chAjatuM nathI. kAraNake, jo ke e upaniSada-vedAMtanAM vAkyono AdhAra TAMke che, tathApi e vAkyo emanA siddhAMtane kharuM jotAM eTalAM badhAM pratikULa che ke e AdhAra levAno prayAsa mULathI ja khoTo che. anya traNa zAkhAone darekanA potapotAnA matane samarthaka kAMIka kAMIka upaniSadamAM maLI Ave che ja, ane emAM keTalAMka vAkyane mukhya gaNI bAkInAM viruddha lAgatAM hoya tene mukhya sAthe ghaTAvI levAM e prakArano prayatna thAya che, je sarvathA nirAdhAra nathI."(dharmavicAra-1, pR. 130) IzvaranA astitva tathA svarUpa saMbaMdhI A darzanonA matabheda emanA parama puruSArthanA mArga saMbaMdha kevI asara kare che tenI tapAsa AnaMdazaMkara kare che. sAMkhyadarzana jIvAtmAno prakRtithI viveka karavo ema sUcave che ane yogadarzana jIvAtmAthI para IzvaramAM citta joDIne AtmAne kevaLa anubhavavAnuM darzAve che. vedAMte sAMkhya pAsethI viveka lIdho ane yoga pAsethI dhyAnAdi sAdhana lIdhAM. vedAMtanI dRiSTa puruSa ane prakRtinI pAra gaI. puruSa ane prakRti ubhayane potAmAM ananyarUpe saMgrahato evo uttama puruSa paramAtmA najare paDyo. AthI vivekanI pAra abhedajJAnanI AvazyakatA pratIta thaI. yogadarzane jIva ane IzanA yogane parama puruSArtha gaNyo kharo. yoganuM IzvaranuM astitva ane IzvaramAM cittanuM praNidhAna baMne vAto vedAMta mAnya rAkhe che tema chatAM IzvaranuM svarUpa yogadarzane kahyuM che tevuM nahi paNa puruSa mAtranA potAnA samaSTi svarUpamAM IzvaranuM svarUpa che ema vedAMta svIkAre che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate vedAMtanI traNe zAkhAo viziSTAdvaita - zuddhAdvaita ane kevalAdvaita - eka yA bIjI rIte A svIkAre che. viziSTAdvaitamAM AtmA paramAtmAnuM dhyAna kare che te zarIranuM eka aMga potAnA zarIrI aMgInuM dhyAna kare e pramANe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(2O AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana zuddhAdvaitamAM AtmAo aneka ane paraspara bhinna che paNa paramAtmAnA aMza che ema jaNAvI aMza aMzInuM dhyAna kare tema AtmA paramAtmAnuM dhyAna kare che evo siddhAMta che. A baMne siddhAMtothI vadhu sUkSma ane uccatara siddhAMta kevalAdvaitamAM rahelo che tema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. kevalAdvaita pramANe to mithyA upAdhithI ja bhedo pratIta thAya che. vyaSTi upAdhine laIne je jIva kahevAya che te ja samaSTi upAdhine laI Izvara yA saguNa brahma che ane upAdhirahita svarUpe nirguNa brahma athavA parabrahma che. kevalAdvaitamAM svarUpabhUta paramAtmAnuM jJAna e ja parama puruSArtha vA parama puruSArthano mArga Thare che - paramAtmAnuM jJAna eTale ke, nahi AtmAno prakRtithI viveka mAtra, ane nahi puruSottarano anugraha ke puruSAntara sAthe - niHsaMgapaNArUpIsAmyaprApti. evo artha AnaMdazaMkara phuTa kare che. nyAya ane vaizeSika darzanamAM jIva-IzanuM vaita manAyuM che. AnaMdazaMkare vaitavAdIonA AvA puruSArthane - svAbhAvika rIte "Individualistic' - vaiyaktika gaNAvyo che. kema ke emAM saMgata rIte (Consistently) paramAtmAne kazuM ja sthAna hotuM nathI. A saMdarbhamAM sAkSAtkAranuM svarUpa samajAvI AnaMdazaMkara advaitanI anivAryatA darzAve che. temanA mate : AtmA je kaMI prApta karI zake te AtmAmAM ja, AtmA potAmAMthI kUdako mArIne bahAra jaI zake ja nahi - ane tethI jo paramAtmasAkSAtkAra e parama puruSArtha hoya to paramAtmAne AtmAmAM ja rAkhavo joIe, AtmAnI bahAra nahi. AtmA evo kAMI jaDa padArtha nathI ke bIjA padArtha joDe bahArathI bhaLI zake - jema eka lAkaDuM bIjA lAkaDA sAthe joDAya tevI rIte. eno to AMtarasaMbaMdha ja saMbhave, ane tethI A AMtarasaMbaMdha pUrato dvatano niSedha sarvathA Avazyaka che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 131-132) nyAya -vaizeSikanI jIva-IzanA saMbaMdha paratve je khAmI upara batAvI emAM ja e darzanonI lokapriya thavAnI anukULatAne AnaMdazaMkara jue che. A darzanono Izvarane anumAnathI sAbita karavAno prayatna sAmAnya janane AtyaMtika duHkha nivRtti mATe vadhu pasaMda paDe e svAbhAvika hatuM. temAM bauddha dharma karatAM vizeSa guNa e hato ke bauddha dharma AtmAne svIkArato nathI, jyAre nyAya-vaizeSika AtmAne svIkAre che. AthI bauddha dharma sAme A brAhmaNadarzana Takkara laI zakyuM. sAmAnya brAhmaNadharmanA gRhasthIone A darzana anukULa paDavAnuM kAraNa e hatuM ke temAM vyavahArika viSayamAM ane dharmanA anusaraNamAM spaSTa mArgadarzana raheluM che. paraMtu AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, AvuM darzana sAmAnya cAlatA dharmamAM AtmAne TakAvI rAkhe, For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 91 te karatAM adhika jusso - utsAha - parAkrama prerI zake nahi. tethI dvatathI para advaitanI sthApanAnA tattvajJAnanI AvazyakatA e vicAranI svAbhAvika gati hatI ane te vedAMtamAM parisamApta thayelI jovA maLe che. A rIte AnaMdazaMkare zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitamAM paramatattvano vicAra anya cAra darzano temaja vedAMtanI anya zAkhAonI sarakhAmaNImAM vadhu tArkika ane sapramANa che ema batAvI pagdarzanamAM kevalAdvaitanuM sthAna nizcita karI ApyuM che. brahmavidyA : AnaMdazaMkara paramatattvanA jJAnarUpI brahmavidyAnI AvazyakatA siddha kare che. teo brahmavidyAne sarvocca vidyA gaNAve che. temaja tene mAnavajIvananuM aMtima dhyeya mAne che. bAhya jagata ane AMtara jagatano AdhAra brahma che. jagata e ApaNI dRSTi AgaLa dekhAtA aneka vivArtAnuM nAma che, mATe evo koIka padArtha hovo ja joIe ke jenA e vivartI che. AvuM jJAna e jagata ane jagatanA adhiSThAnanI ubhayanI sAkSI pUre che. brahmavidyAnuM kSetra vijJAnanA jJAnathI taddana nirALuM che. ApaNI dRSTi AgaLa dekhAtA ane ApaNA aMtaramAM anubhavAtA aneka vivartAnuM adhiSThAna bahma che. ene anubhavavA aMgenI vidyA brahmavidyA che. manuSyanA AMtarika ane bAhya jIvanamAM je gUDha sattva raheluM che tene jANavAnI vidyA te brahmavidyA che. A paramavidyA che. bhAratIya saMskRtinA alaukika sattvanuM nAma "brahmavidyA che. brahmavidyA e mANasanuM A jagata tarapha jovAnuM dRSTibiMdu badalI nAkhe che. potAnA ane jagatanAM utpatti, sthiti ane laya aMgenA prazno tarapha jovAnuM mAnavInuM dRSTibiMdu teno A jIvanamAM vyavahAra nizcita kare che. tenI sarva pravRttiono AdhAra tenuM dRSTibiMdu che. vyakti potAne jaDa prakRtino ja eka aMza mAne to tenI eka vyakti tarIkenI koI javAbadArI rahetI ja nathI. jo vyakti potAne deha svarUpa mAne to A vizALa vizvamAM tenI koI gaNanA rahetI nathI. te potAne vinAzI mAne to pApa-puNya ke sadAcArano koI AdhAra raheto nathI. je prakRtino bhAga che ane prakRtithI niyaMtrita che, enI koI javAbadArI rahetI nathI. tenI sAme AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, jo vyakti potAne paramAtmA svarUpa mAne ane te mAnavuM siddha thAya to uparanA dareka praznanuM samAdhAna judI ja bhUmikAe thaI jAya che. ane vyaktinuM A jagata tarapha jovAnuM dRSTibiMdu badalAya che. AtmAmAM bahArathI Avela koIpaNa vastu ene mATe bhArarUpa banI jAya che. paraMtu je e svayaM aMtaramAMthI upajAve che e to ene AnaMda ja Ape che. brahmavidyA A rIte potAnI thaI jatAM akhUTa AnaMdano jharo thaI rahe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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92 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana buddhi ane hRdaya H brahmavidyAnA viSayamAM AnaMdazaMkara buddhi ane hRdayanuM sthAna tapAse che. brahmavidyAno uddeza bAhya jagatanA ane AMtara jagatanA tattvanuM eTale ke emanAmAM adhiSThAnarUpe nivasatA vAstavika padArthanuM anveSaNa karI eno sAkSAtkAra karavo e che. A 'vAstavika' zabda AnaMdazaMkaranA mate adhiSThAna sata che. A adhiSThAna satanuM anveSaNa karanAruM sAdhana te buddhi che ane teno sAkSAtkAra karanAra sAdhana hRdaya che. ahIM AnaMdazaMkara paramArtha siddhimAM buddhinuM kAryakSetra paNa svIkAre che. adhiSThAna satano hRdayamAM jema jema anubhava thAya che ema ene pramANavA buddhinA kaThina puruSArthanI jarUra che. hRdayamAM paramapadArtha je rIte anubhavAto jAya che ene buddhi vaDe samajavAthI buddhi paNa hRdaya sAthe vikasatI jAya che. AnaMdazaMkara hRdayamAM anubhavAtA paramatattvanA anubhavane pramANanArI buddhinI vivekazaktino upayoga atyaMta jarUrI mAne che. brahmasAkSAtkAramAM hRdaya ane buddhi baMne AnaMdazaMkara mATe sarakhA mahattvanA che. laukika bhedane sthAne yathArtha rUpe abhedano anubhava tyAre ja zakya bane ke jyAre buddhiniSThA ane hRdayanI UMDI dhArmikatA baMne hoya. A saMdarbhamAM 'rasa', 'prema' ke 'abheda'nuM kharuM svarUpa AnaMdazaMkara spaSTa kare che. temanA mate, "dareka 'abheda' ke 'prema' ke 'rasa'nI vAta brahmasAkSAtkAra nathI e samajavAnuM che. eka tarapha rasa vinAnuM jJAna (zuSka buddhi) brahmasAkSAtkAramAM aDacaNa rUpa che. tevI ja rIte bIjI tarapha kevaLa 'rasa' ke 'rasAbhAsa' paNa mANasamAM vivekazaktinuM bhAna rahevA deto nathI. mAtra abhedanI kalpanAmAM racyA rahevuM e paNa brahmasAkSAtkAramAM aDacaNarUpa che. tethI kharuM jotAM, bhedane sAthe yathArtharUpe abhedano anubhava thAya tyAre ja brahmasAkSAtkAra thayo gaNAya ane A yathArtha darzana buddhi ane hRdaya baMne vaDe thAya che. uparanI samagra carcAne saMkSepamAM ema kahI zakAya ke, hRdaya sAthe buddhinA sahayoganI anivArya AvazyakatA darzAvatA AnaMdazaMkare brahmavidyAmAM buddhi ane hRdayano saravALo svIkAryo che. teo buddhinA sahayoga vinAnA hRdayane aMdha ane hRdayAnusaMdhAna vinAnI buddhine niHsAra gaNAve che. baMne sAthe maLIne brahmasAkSAtkAranA sAdhanarUpa bane che. zravaNa : brahmavidyA e paramavidyA che. temanI dharmabhAvanA ane tattvabhAvanA paNa brahmavidyAne ja lakSya kare che. AvA lakSya sudhI pahoMcavA mATe manuSye kayAM sAdhano svIkArIne AgaLa vadhavuM e viSaya para AnaMdazaMkare zAstrokta vivaraNa karyuM che. alabatta emanI vizALa dRSTie aneka adhikArIo mATe AnaMdazaMkara vividha prakAranA sAdhano svIkAre che. vyakti potAnA svabhAvane For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva anukULa karmamArga, bhaktimArga ke jJAnamArga ke e traNeyane anusare ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. 'zravaNa' nAmanA emanA eka lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara zravaNa, manana ane nididhyAsana e zruti pratipAdita mokSa prAptinAM traNa sAdhano paikI 'zravaNa' vize vizeSa carcA kare che. 'AtmA vA're zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH / 44 arthAt - AtmAnuM zravaNa karavuM, manana karavuM, nididhyAsana karavuM"- e zruti anusAra 'zravaNa', 'manana', ane 'nididhyAsana' e mokSa prAptinAM traNa sAdhano manAyAM che. A traNamAM 'zravaNa'ne prathama sthAna maLela che. kAraNake tenA para ja manana ane nididhyAsanano AdhAra che. moTA bhAganA dhArmikajano je zravaNa kare che te mAtra kRtrima hoya che. vastutaH kevA zravaNathI lAbha che ? kevuM zravaNa zAstrIya che ? e viSe bahu vicAra karavAmAM Avato nathI. 93 zravaNano arthagrahaNa sAtheno tAttvika saMbaMdha vastutaH dhyAnamAM levAto ja nathI. zravaNa eTale mAtra 'kAne zabdo paDavA devA' eTalo ja artha karavAmAM Ave che, jene AnaMdazaMkara bhrAMtimUlaka gaNAve che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate : "zravaNano AtmA arthagrahaNa sAthe che ane arthagrahaNane svataH koI bhASA sAthe saMbaMdha nathI." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.14) AnaMdazaMkara zravaNanA traNa mArga darzAvI tenuM vizleSaNa kare che : (1) gurumukhe zravaNa : zravaNano eka mArga puruSa vizeSarUpa gurumukhethI zravaNa karavAno che. A mArga yathArtha rIte 'muNDakopaniSada'mAM batAvyo che. "taddhijJAnArtha gurUmevAmi chet samitpAni: zrotriyaM brahmaniSTham' (muMDakopaniSad : 1-1-12) arthAt - 'enA vijJAnArthe samitpANi thaI zrotriya ane brahmaniSTha gurunI ja pAse javuM' e pramANe zrutinI AjJA che. muNDakopaniSadanI A vidhinuM rahasya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "'samitpANi' thaI eTale hAthamAM samidha laI gurunI pAse javAmAM guruzuzruSA karavA uparAMta rahasya evuM che ke agnihotranuM tattva samajI, te AcarI, brahmajJAna prApta karavA jatAM hRdayanA kAmakrodhAdi vikArarUpI samidhane brahmajJAnanA agnimAM homI devA mumukSue sajja rahevuM." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 14) guru - 'zrotriya' 'ane 'brahmaniSTha' hovo joIe. A banne zabdonA AnaMdazaMkara anusAra artha e che ke : 'zruti' eTale yogya karNane vizvataMtramAM saMbhaLAtA 'para'nA UMDA bhaNakA2, ane e bhaNakAra jeNe samagra AtmAmAM, magajamAM temaja hRdayamAM, IndriyomAM tema For Personal & Private Use Only www.jalnelibrary.org

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana ja manamAM, vANImAM temaja kRtimAM koI koI vakhata paNa anubhavyA hoya te 'zrotriya'. mAtra zrotriya eTaluM ja kahevAthI 'saMpUrNa gurutvamAM je apUrNatA rahI jAya che, te 'brahmaniSTha' padathI purAya che'. brahmaniSTha eTale sopAdhika ane nirUpAdhika ubhaya rUpa brahmamAM je nitAMta sthita che te 'brahmaniSTha'. A vidhAnanuM tAtparya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : 94 "'zrotriyatva' dvArA ja, arthAt samagra AtmAmAM paramatattvanA gaMbhIra dhvaninuM zravaNa karIne ja brahmaniSThatva prApta thAya che ane 'brahmaniSThatva' thatAM 'nAyo'to'sti draSTA, nAyo'to'sti zrotA' e (paramAtmA)vinA anya daSTA nathI, zrotA nathI' ema nizcaya thaI AtmA brahmabhAva anubhave che. A rIte zravaNa karI jeNe brahma bhAva prApta karyo che evA guru pAsethI ja upadeza levA zAstronI AjJA che, anya pAsethI nahi." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR.15) (2) graMthamukhe zravaNa : zravaNano bIjo prakA2 graMthamukhe zravaNa che. asAdhAraNa puruSoe racelA graMthonuM zravaNa karavuM tene AnaMdazaMkara zravaNano uttama mArga gaNe che. A mArga aMge AnaMdazaMkara adhikAra, viSaya ane paddhati e traNe bAbata upara lakSa rAkhavAnuM kahe che. adhikAranI aMtargata sarvathI adhika AvazyakatA satyaparAyaNatAnI che. kAraNake dharmano viSaya dezakAlAdi sarva upAdhithI para che. dharmanA viSaya pratye hRdayamAM koI paNa prakArano pakSapAta anubhavAya to te viSayamAM praveza karavAne yogya adhikAra prApta thayo nathI ema samajavAnuM che. satyaparAyaNatA sAthe bIjI AvazyakatA jijJAsAnI che. A jijJAsA te mAtra sAdhAraNa jANavAnI icchA ema artha nathI paraMtu icchAnI sAthe viSaya prati hRdayano utkaMThabhAva paNa hovo joIe ane te paNa sahajamAM tRpta thaI jAya evo nirmAlya na hovo joIe. A jijJAsAnA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che ke - "zAstramAM kahe che tema agnithI jvalaMta kezavALo puruSa jalAzayamAM jeTalA vegathI paDavA jAya che teTalA vegathI vyavahArathI para je puruSArthabhUta tattva che tenI zodhamAM pravartavuM joIe. vaLI e pravRtti zokharUpI ja ke philasUphInA ADaMbararUpI na hotAM paramapuruSArtha rUpe satya zodhI kADhavAnI hovI joIe." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR.17) graMtha zravaNanA viSayomAM 52ma koTinA tattvaciMtako, kavio, dharma pravartako ane brahmavettAonA graMthono samAveza thAya che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate graMtha zravaNamAM lakSamAM levAnI bAbata paddhati che. graMthazravaNanuM prayojana manana ane nididhyAsana che. graMthazravaNamAM prathama graMthanA viSayonI oLakha ane vizleSaNa-brahmavidyAnA vicAra pravAhone aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM vikAsanI vicArasaraNIo For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva rUpe jovA joIe. eTaluM ja nahIM vividha deza ane kAlanA vicAra svarUponuM tolana karavuM joIe, jethI brahmavidyAnAM hArdarUpa ane Akasmika tattvo tAravI zakAya ane tene AdhAre nigamano racI zakAya. Ama, graMthazravaNano mukhya hetu manana ane nididhyAsanane svIkArI graMthazravaNa mATe aitihAsika, tolana paddhati ane nigamanAtmaka paddhatino upayoga - 'parA gati' mATe karavo joIe ema AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che. asAdhAraNa puruSoe racelA graMthonA mAdhyamathI ja zravaNa karavuM te sAMprata samayamAM Adarza sthiti che. (3) vizvamukhe zravaNa : vizvamukhe zravaNamAM AnaMdazaMkara prakRti dvArA paramatattvanuM vizeSa zravaNa karavAnuM sUcana kare che. vizvamukhe zravaNanA mukhya be dvAra che : (2) AMtara hRdayaguhA (1) bAhya prakRticitra arthAt prakRti dvArA paratattvanuM zravaNa ane AMtara guhAmAM paratattvanuM zravaNa. A zravaNa laukika zravaNendriyathI thaI zakatuM nathI, A saMdarbhamAM kavi varDjhavartha kahe che. 66 ....it was audible, Most audible, then, when the fleshly ear, Overcome by humblest prelude of that strain, Forgot her functions and slept undisturbed." arthAt alaukika saMnikarSa dvArA samagra AtmA e para padArtha sAthe eka thaI prakAzapUrNa thatAM sAkSAt ane vagara sAdhane ja kazAya vyavadhAna vinA 52-padArtha grahaNa kare che. Ane AnaMdazaMkara zravaNano tRtIya prakAra gaNAve che. aMte zravaNanA A traNeya prakAronuM sArI rIte anuzIlana karavAthI ja zravaNa vidhi saMpUrNa thAya che ema AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. zaMkarAcAryanuM tattvajJAna 95 : jIva, jagata ane IzvaranA aMtima svarUpano tAttvika abhyAsa karI temanA paraspara saMbaMdha aMgenA khulAsA karavAnuM kAma tattvajJAnanuM che. tattvajJAnanA A gaMbhIra praznono khulAso ane paripUrti, buddhi tathA hRdaya baMnene saMtoSa maLe e rIte zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaita siddhAMtamAM AnaMdazaMkarane dekhAya che. A mahApraznanI vicAraNA pUrvamAM vedakALathI AraMbhAyelI che, ane pazcimamAM paNa prAcIna samayathI thayelI che. AnaMdazaMkare pUrvanI ane pazcimanI A tAttvika vicAraNAne aitihAsika ane tulanAtmaka paddhatie tapAsIne zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaita siddhAMtamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana tattvajJAnanuM sauthI sarvocca biMdu nihALyuM che. A rIte zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitamAM AnaMdazaMkaranI zraddhA daDha thayelI ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. 96 AnaMdazaMkare A siddhAMtane tattvajJAnanI chevaTanI bhUmikAno siddhAMta gaNAvyo che. eka bAju pAzcAtya keLavaNI pAmelo vidvAna A siddhAMtamAM gahanatAnI risImA anubhave che to bIjI bAju rastA parano koka bhikhArI enA ekatArA para e siddhAMtane mastIthI gAya che. AvA gahana chatAM vilakSaNa zaMkara siddhAMtanuM aitihAsika daSTibiMdue tAttvika abhyAsa karavAnuM ghaNuM mahattvanuM kArya AnaMdazaMkare karyuM che. AnaMdigira kRta 'zaMkaravijaya' ane mAdhavakRta 'zaMkara-digvijaya'mAM zaMkarAcAryanA jIvana-kavana ane graMtho viSe je hakIkata noMdhAyelI che je mAtra sthUla rekhA rUpe ja svIkArI zakAya ema che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. potAnA A matanA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara vividha kAraNo ApI spaSTatA kare che H (dharma vicAra-1, pR.568) (1) A graMtho zaMkarAcArya pachI ghaNe varSe lakhAyA che. enA keTalAka bhAga kAvya tarIke lakhAyelA hoI, tene itihAsa svarUpe laI zakAya ema nathI. (2) A be graMthamAM zaMkarAcAryano keTalAka pratipakSIo sAthe vivAda varNavyo che te pratipakSIo emanA samayamAM nahi paNa, bIjA samayamAM thayA hatA te aitihAsika rIte siddha thaI cUkyuM che. (3) A uparAMta zaMkarAcAryanA samaya vize paNa ghaNA matabhedo che. I.sa.pUrve keTalAka zatakothI mAMDIne I.sa. pachI AThamA zataka sudhImAM emane mATe bhinna bhinna samaya batAvavAmAM Ave che. (4) A uparAMta zaMkarAcAryanA mULagraMtho kayA te aMge paNa ekavAkyatA nathI. 'zaMkarAcArya' nAma mAtra Adya zaMkarAcAryanuM ja nathI. emanI gAdImAM sarva puruSo zaMkarAcAryanA nAme ja oLakhAya che. tethI anya zaMkarAcAryanI keTalIka kRtio AdyazaMkarAcAryane nAme caDhI gaI hovAnI saMbhAvanAne nakArI zakAya ema nathI. zaMkarAcAryanA jIvana-kavana ane vADmaya vizenI ATalI spaSTatA karyA pachI zaMkarAcAryanA je graMtho nirvivAdapaNe temanA che te laI AnaMdazaMkara kevalAdvaitano gahana abhyAsa kare che. vedAMtasUtranuM zArIrika bhASya, keTalAka upaniSado tathA gauDapAdakArikA uparanAM bhASyo, zrImadbhAgavadgItA uparanuM bhASya ane te uparAMta keTalAka prakaraNa graMtho ane padyo niHsanduigdha rIte zaMkarAcAryanA che ema AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 97 tattvamImAMsA : zaMkarAcAryanA mukhya siddhAMta kevalAdvaitane AdhAre sarva prathama teo zaMkarAcAryanA tattvajJAnanA dohana rUpa.... brahma satyaM jaganmithyA jIvo brahmaiva nAparaH / e zlokanuM vivaraNa kare che. jo ke A vivaraNa pahelAM AnaMdazaMkara e paNa noMdhe che ke A zloka je zaMkarAcAryano kahevAya che je emanA koI paNa prasiddha graMthamAM maLato nathI. chatAM A zlokano prasAda jotAM ane temAM raheluM tattvajJAnanuM UMDANa jotAM te zaMkarAcAryano ja hoya e saMbhavita che.* "brahma satya che, jagata mithyAche; jIva brahma ja che, judo nathI" A ardhA zlokamAM kevalAdvaitanA samagra tattvajJAnano sAra rahelo che. kevalAdvaitanA siddhAMta anusAra brahma eka ane advitIya ja che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa "kevala' che. - arthAt enAmAM guNa-kriyA-dharma-vizeSa evuM kAMI ja nathI; je che te e ja che, e eTaluM ja che, sajAtIya, vijAtIya ane svagata trividha bhedazUnya che. arthAt enA jevuM kAMI nathI. (u.dA. eka azva jevo bIjo azva), enAthI judI jAtanuM bIjuM kAMI nathI. (azva ane gAya), ane eno potAmAM rahelo potA sAtheno evo (avayava ane avayavI jevo, u.dA. jhADa ane DALIo jevo) bheda paNa nathI. enA sivAya je kAMI che ema bhAse che te enI sattA (astitva)thI ane enA bhAsathI ja che ema bhAse che. vastutaH vicAratAM mithyA che. mithyA che chatAM dekhAya che-e ajJAna che." (dharmavicAra- 2, pR-199) brahmasatyam' : brahma satya che. e siddhAMtane AnaMdazaMkara kevalAdvaitanA bIjA be siddhAMtono pAyo gaNe che. keTalAka zaMkarAcAryanA siddhAMtane anizvaravAdI gaNAve che. tenI sAme AnaMdazaMkara AgrahapUrvaka jaNAve che ke, zaMkarAcAryanA "brahma satya che'nA siddhAMtathI anizvaravAda phalita thato nathI. A siddhAMtanuM kharU tAtparya spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che, "zaMkarasiddhAMta pramANe jo huM chuM, tame cho, jo A jagata che to Izvara paNa che. je arthamAM huM nathI, tame nathI, jagata nathI - te ja arthamAM Izvara paNa nathI : ane te barAbara che. kAraNake jIva, jagata ane IzvaranI mana, mAyA ane mahezvaranI tripuTI che. emAMthI koI ekaluM rahI zakatuM nathI. jo huM, tame ane jagata na hoya to Izvara niyaMtA kono? mATe je arthamAM emano niSedha thAya che te ja arthamAM Izvarano paNa niSedha barAbara che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 569). * A zloka zaMkarAcAryanA prakaraNagraMthanA rUpamAM mAnavAmAM Avela 'braTIzInAvanImAnA'mAM jovA maLeche. (Traverses on less Trodden path of Indian Philosophy and Religion, P.17) For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva darzana ane ciMtana zaMkarAcAryanA "brahma satya che' - e siddhAMtamAM caitanya rUpa je brahma che e IndriyajJAnanI para che ethI sthaLa ane kALanI upAdhi paNa ene lAgI zakatI nathI. brahmanA svarUpa saMbaMdhI A hakIkatano prathama svIkAra karavAnuM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che. kAraNake ApaNe dehane lIdhe ja sthaLa ane kALamAM chIe. zuddha caitanya rUpa padArtha to sarvathA "eka ja hoI zake. kharuM jotAM ene mATe saMkhyAvAcaka 'eka' zabda paNa lAgu pADavAno AnaMdazaMkara virodha kare che. A rIte brahma sacarAcaramAM hovAnuM svIkAravAthI jagata ane jIva emAM laya pAmI jAya che. jagata ane jIvane brahmathI chUTAM na gaNI zakAya mATe eno niSedha karyo che. AthI "brahma satya' nA jJAnAtmaka svIkAranI apekSAe ja "jagamithyA" ane "jIvo brahmavanAparaH' e siddhAMta phalita thAya che. jaganmithyA : brahmanA vyApaka svarUpanA jJAnanI apekSAe ja jagata mithyA che. e dekhAya che paNa te vastutaH nathI. jagatanA bAhya astitva vize zaMkA UpajyA vinA tattvavicAra zakya ja nathI ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara kevalAdvaitamAM rahelA jagatanA niSedhane tArkika gaNAve che. A uparAMta koI paNa zAstra jagatanA niSedha vinA udbhavatuM nathI ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara mAyAvAdane sarvazAstranA pAyAmAM rahelo svIkAre che. kAraNake laukika-vyavahArika ke sAmAnya buddhinI daSTie A sRSTi dekhAya che tevI nathI paNa enI pAchaLa gUDha satya raheluM che ema mAnIne ja sarva zAstro pravarte che. jJAnanI apekSAe jagatanA mithyAtvane samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkare khagoLazAstramAMthI udAharaNa ApyuM che. sUrya, caMdra, tArA dekhAya che tevaDA nathI, pRthvI sthira dekhAya che paNa vastutaH tevI nathI. e rIte jagata dekhAya che tevuM nathI. AnaMdazaMkare khagoLamAMthI ApelA udAharaNa aMge samajUtI ApatAM "ApaNo dharma'nI upoddhAtamAM zrI rA.vi. pAThake yogya ja kahyuM che ke, dekhAva mithyA che. eno artha evuM dekhAtuM ja nahotuM ema nathI. e dekhAtuM hatuM e vAta kharI hatI paNa emAM satya juduM hatuM. e satya nahi samajavAthI e evuM dekhAtuM hatuM ane have e ja dekhAva jude rUpe samajAya che. te ja rIte A jagata ajJAnIne je rUpe dekhAya che tethI bhinna rUpe jJAnIne dekhAya che. tyAre jJAna pahelAno dekhAva mithyA hato ema te samaje che." (dharmavicAra -2, pR. 413) vidyAraNya munino saMdarbha laI, A jagata pratIta thAya che tevuM na hoya to kevuM che? A praznanuM samAdhAna AnaMdazaMkara AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNathI karI Ape che. zaMkaradAtI vidyAraNya munie sRSTinA be bhAga pADyA che : (1) IzvarasRSTi (2) jIvasRSTi For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 22 paMcamahAbhUta ane enA vividha padArtho te IzvarasRSTi; ane e padArtho pratye jIve karelA rAgadveSAdika te jIvasRSTi. jIvane jyAre jJAna thAya che tyAre jIvasRSTino nAza thAya che, IzvarasRSTino nahi. arthAt mukta dazAmAM te te padArtho kAMI dekhAtA baMdha thavAnA nathI, paNa teo pratye rAgadveSAdi vRtti baMdha thavAnI. A siddhAMta joke zAMkaravedAMtanA ItihAsamAM uttama koTino manAto nathI- tathApi uttama koTinA siddhAMta sAthe enuM eka maLatApaNuM che te e ke A rIte jJAna, mukti, e amuka dRSTi Thare che - e sthitimAM bAhya jagatamAM kAMI pheraphAra thavAno nathI paNa e jagata jude rUpe bhAsavAnuM che. A jhADa mane, tamane bhAse che te karatAM eka botanist' yAne vanaspatizAstrIne te jude ja rUpe bhAse che. te ja rIte eka manohara strInuM zarIra je enA para premathI bhIMjAyelA patine eka rUpe bhAse che. sauMdaryathI mohelA parapuruSane bIje rUpe bhAse che, dAktarane vaLI trIje rUpe bhAse che, te ja brahmajJAnIne vaLI anya rUpe ja - brahmarUpe - bhAse che. A brahmarUpe bhAsa te pUrvokta bhAsathI judo paNa e ja kakSAno eka bhAsa mAtra nathI. ema hoya to e sarva bhAsa te AtmAnI mAtra judI judI avasthAo (States) ja thaI rahe, ane satya evuM kAMI rahe ja nahi. paNa vastutaH pUrvokta bhAsa te brahmanA bhAsamAM AbhAsa banI jAya che, arthAt e sarva bhAsane aMdhakAra banAvI enI upara e ujjavaLa prakAzarUpe virAje che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.571) Ama, jagatamithyAtvanuM tAtparya brahmasatyatvanA uddAma anubhavamAM samajavAnuM che. pApapuNyanA niSedhamAM ke anya koI rIte jagatano niSedha mAnIne cAlavuM e barAbara nathI evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. jIvo brahmaiva nAparaH vIvo vrauva nApara: emAM jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdha - ekatvano saMbaMdha darzAvyo che. A etvane siddha karavA AnaMdazaMkare e pUrvenI jIva ane paramAtmAnA saMbaMdhanI uttarottara vikAsanI bhAvanAo darzAvI che. paramAtmAnI kevaLa zakti ja anubhavavI ene AnaMdazaMkare prAthamika jaMgalI avasthA gaNAvI che. e pachIno vikAsa jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAnA saMbaMdhane, prajA-rAjA tarIke varNavAyo che. vedamAM Indra, varuNa ane somane "rAjA" kahevAmAM AvyA che. bhagavadgItA ane Rgvada saMhitAmAM paramAtmAne pitA samAna gaNAvelA che. A pachI dAsa-svAmIno saMbaMdha Ave che. AnaMdazaMkara ahIM rAmAyaNamAMthI hanumAnanI dAsyabhaktinuM udAharaNa Ape che. dAsyabhAva pachIno jIvano paramAtmA pratyeno sakhAbhAva darzAvAyo che. A mATe AnaMdazaMkara upaniSadamAMthI dA supa sayunA saravIyA samAnaM vRkSa pariSadkhAte .... e zlokane anusarI nara ane nArAyaNa, arjuna ane kRSNanA saMbaMdhanuM udAharaNa Ape che. dAmyamAM je samAna premanI nyUnatA che te pati-patnI yAne priya-priyA' saMbaMdhamAM purAya che. A jagatamAM ekatAnI For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana bAbatamAM pati-patnI" - "priya-priyA' jevo eka paNa saMbaMdha anubhavAto nathI ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, AvI ekatA jIvAtmAe paramAtmA sAthe karavI evuM tAtparya che. zaMkarAcArye potAnA graMthomAM jude jude sthaLe je rUpako vAparyA che te pakaDI laIne emAMthI zaMkarAcArya pachInA kALamAM keTalAka vAdo utpanna thayA che. 'tattvamasi'nA zAMkarasiddhAMtamAMthI ja e vAdo nIkaLyA che. ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. keTalAka kahe che ke ..... - jema eka sUrya ke caMdranA aneka jaLAzayamAM pratibiMba paDI e aneka dekhAya che tema eka paramAtmA aneka rUpe dekhAya che, A biMbapratibiMbavAda che. - paNa A rUpaka zabdazaH laI bIjA pUche che ke - caitanyanuM pratibiMba kevuM? jaDanuM jaDamAM pratibiMba paDe paNa AtmAnuM zI rIte paDe? mATe keTalAka bIjuM rUpaka ApI kahe che ke - jema AkAza eka aMkhaDa vastu che, paNa A cAra dIvAlo vaccenuM AkAza te A oraDInuM kahevAya ane pelI cAra dIvAlo vaccenuM AkAza pelI oraDInuM kahevAya - tema judA judA avacchedaka laI eka brahma aneka kahevAya che. paNa AmAM paNa avacchedaka nI bhinnatA ane anekatA Ave che. tethI..... - keTalAka jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdha "karNa-rAdheya' vagere daSTAMtathI samajAve che. siMhanuM baccuM ziyALamAM bhaLI jaI potAnuM svarUpa bhUlI bese ke pRthAno putra potAne rAdhAputra jANe tema jIvAtmA potAnuM kharuM svarUpa, paramAtma svarUpa bhUlI mAyAno - avidyAno jIva banI rahyo che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke A vAdamAM paNa siMha ane ziyALa, pRthA ane rAdhA eTaluM vaita Ave che ja. A sarva rUpakone AnaMdazaMkara chevaTe to ekAMgIja gaNe che. ApaNe manuSya hoI svabhAvika rIte ja A rUpako mAnava kendrIya (Anthropomorphic) che. tethI e tattvane pUrepUruM nirUpI zakatA nathI. kAraNake paramatattva sarva saMbaMdhothI para che. eTale rUpako sAmya darzAve che, paraMtu tethI ekarUpatA siddha thatI nathI. mukha ane caMdramAM sAmya joI zakAya, paraMtu ekatva nahIM. A rUpakomAM AvatI upara mujabanI vaitApattine anivArya gaNatAM AnaMdazaMkara tene zAMkaravedAMtanI khAmI rUpe gaNatA nathI. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "AmAMthI sAra e levo joIe ke manuSyanAM saghaLAM rUpaka paramatattvanuM svarUpa ane eno ApaNI sAtheno saMbaMdha darzAvavAne asamartha che, ane e ja zAMkaravedAMta kahevA mAge che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.574) jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA baMne vacce bhedabhAvano aMza rahe che. paNa e baMnenA saMbaMdhanI bhUmikAmAM 'tattvamasi' e zrutivAkyane AnaMdazaMkare 'sarva prasAdanuM zikhara' gaNAvyuM che. kAraNake AnA karatAM jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAnI ekatA vadhAre TUMkamAM bIjI koI rIte darzAvAtI nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 101 nirguNabrahma : vedAMtazAstramAM brahmanAM be svarUpa kapyAM che. nirguNa ane saguNa. nirguNa svarUpa e brahmanuM parama svarUpa che. saguNa svarUpa mAyAne saMbaMdhe kalpita-mAyika - upAsya svarUpa che. brahmanA paramArtha svarUpane upAsya svarUpathI pRthak karatAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke ahIM vyavahAramAM bheda ane paramArthamAM abheda ema samajavAnuM che. kAraNake je bhinna vastu te mithyA eTale Akhare to eka rasa brahma ja, AvuM A brahma AnaMdazaMkaranA mate pratyakSa, zabda tathA anumAna pramANane paNa agocara che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "brahma vidita tathA aviditathI bhinna che tathA para che. eTale ke te "jJAnaviSaya nathI tema ajJAta paNa nathI. tathApi svayaMprakAza hovAthI sarvadA jJAta che, atuccha tathA parasvarUpa che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 318) brahma, mana, cakSu ane zrotAdikathI para hovA chatAM nathI ema nathI. mana, cakSu, zrotAdika pote ja brahmathI siddha pratiSThita thAya che, kAraNa brahma ja sarvane abhivyakta karanAra che. kenopaniSadamAM vijJAtiMvinAnatAM vijJAtim vijJAnatAM ema kahyuM che. brahma jJAna zuM che? brahma ya che? kenopaniSadanA A praznanA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke : "koI paNa rIte brahmane pramANa viSaya karI zakAya nahi. tyAre zuM vinA pramANa brahma svIkAravuM? nA. ema paNa nathI. brahma sadUbhAvamAM sarva pramANa che, chatAM te pramANane agamya che. pramAtA, prameya, amiti ane pramANa sarva pote ja che, kAraNake svasattAhIna pramANAdi paNa brahmanI sattAthI ja hure che. to pachI brahmane vize pramANAdino zo avakAza ? brahma pramANanirapekSa, svayaMprakAza, aniSedhya vastu che. sarvapramANagamya mithyA padArthano niSedha karyA chatAM paNa avazeSamAM te rahe che, kAraNake sata-svarUpa pratyagAtmathI abhinna niSedha banI zakato nathI. brahma vinA niSedha ja asiddha thAya che. abhAva paNa bhAva vinA siddha thaI zakato nathI. niSedhamAM paNa siddhi Ave che. paNa A sarva upapatti advaitavAdamAM ja thavAnI. jo brahmane jIva-jagatathI bhinna koI sraSTArUpa mAnIe to pramANanI temAM apekSA rahe, pramANa sivAya te siddha thaI zake nahi. ane ...brahmanuM svayaMprakAzatva asaMgata thAya, tathA temAM pramANaprasara thaI mithyAtva paNa Ave." (dharmavicAra1, pR. 318-319) A samasyAnuM cheTavanuM samAdhAna AnaMdazaMkara advaitamatanA svIkAramAM jue che. teo kahe che : "brahmane jIva-jagatathI bhinna koI nimitta cetanakartArUpa mAnIe to tenI ja zaktithI sarva kArya thAya che ema na kahI zakAya. rathakAra rathAdi kare che temAM brahma kAraNa kharuM ke nahi ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana jo te ThekANe brahmane kAraNa na mAno to brahmanI sarvazaktimattA hAni pAme. vizvanA anaMta cetanaprANIothI thatAM kAryomAM brahma kAraNa na Thare ane brahmanI zakti sarvaviSayaka na thatAM mAtra ekadezI thAya. vaLI, tyAM paNa brahma kAraNa kharuM ema kahezo to kAraNakoTimAM vRthA gaurava thaze tathA pApa-puNyanI vyavasthA paNa e mata pramANe banI zakaze nahi. asaMkhya jIvamaMDalane kRtrima pUtaLAMnI mAphaka ramADI, je karma teo parataMtra rIte kare che tene mATe sukhaduHkhAdi pharamAvavAM e brahmano kevo nyAya ? kevI karuNA ? kharo nirIzvaravAdato A ja. AthI IzvaranI vizeSa nidA zI thaI zake ? mATe brahmamAM sarvazaktimatva utpanna karavA advaitamata svIkAravo joIe." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 319) AvuM sarvazaktimAna brahma, alaukika sata che, laukika asata che ane ekano bAdha karI bIjuM udaya pAme che. "ApaNI vyavahArAvasthA eka gADha suSupti che e anubhava thoDe ghaNe bhAge pratyeka dhArmika hRdayano che. prabhuno sAkSAtkAra jema vadhAre tIvra, vadhAre UMDo, vadhAre kharo thato cAle che, tema A anubhava, AtmAmAM vadhAre sthira ane cUta thato (sivAto) Ave che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 183) saguNa brahma : advaitamatane AdhAre nirguNa zeya brahmanuM svarUpa spaSTa karI AnaMdazaMkara saguNa brahmanuM svarUpa samajAve che. vedAMta anusAra saguNa (upAsya)brahmanAM be svarUpa che : (1) adhidevata (2) adhyAtma cetanarUpe rahI jaDa jagatane prarvatAvanAruM, mAyika svarUpa te brahmanuM adhidaivata svarUpa che, jyAre prANImAtramAM AtmArUpe bhAsanAra avidyohita svarUpa te brahmanuM adyAtma svarUpa che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 321) adhidaivata svarUpanI upAsanAmAM sAkAra - brahmanuM dhyAna, mUrtipUjana ityAdi Ave che. adhyAtma svarUpanI upAsanAnA be prakAra che : (1) mAtra svapiMDamAM ja athavA to manuSyamAtramAM ja nahi paraMtu bhUtamAtramAM brahma che ema samajI sarvanI upAsanA karavI ane bheda-buddhi TALavI. (2) aSTAMgayoganuM anusaraNa A baMneno hetu mana sthira karI brahmAkAra karavuM te che. pUrve kahyuM che tema brahmamAM manavANI jaI zakatI nathI, brahma jJAta tathA ajJAta baMnethI bhinna tathA para che. tethI aMtaHkaraNa zuddha karI vAsanAno kSaya karavo eTaluM ja upAsanAnuM prayojana AnaMdazaMkara batAve che. mokSanuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 103 mukhya sAdhana ane paramadharma to jJAna ja che paNa jJAnasaMpattimAM upAsanA sAdhanabhUta che mATe ja teno vidhi che. vAstavamAM parama avasthAmAM upAsanA saMbhavatI nathI. - sRSTithI para evA koI Izvarano sAkSAtkAra karI aihika AtmAnuM kalyANa sAdhavA mATe thatI upAsanAne AnaMdazaMkara svArtharUpa gaNe che. kAraNake svArtha e aniSTa che ane vedAMtanA vidhithI bAhya che. svArthano sarvathA tyAga karI, aMtaHkaraNa zuddha karI tathA upAdhio dUra karI brahmavid thaI brahma thavuM, atabrahma anubhavavuM e ja AnaMdazaMkaranA mate paramapuruSArtha che, e ja mokSa che. brahmano sAkSAtkAra navAM karma badhI AsaktithI puNyAcaraNa karyo thato nathI. pApa-puNya baMne zAstrIya dRSTie jotAM vyavahArika tathA mithyA padArtha che. jIvanuM muktatva svataH siddha che. chatAM pApanA AvaraNathI te anubhavAtuM nathI, mATe e AvaraNa dUra karavuM eTalo ja puruSArtha che ane te jJAnasAdhya che, evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. AnA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara bhagavadgItAno AdhAra le che : nAdatte kasyacit pApaM na caiva sukRtaM vibhuH / ajJAnenAvRta jJAne tenA muddAnti nantavaH | (bhagavadgItA, pa-15) arthAt - brahmane pApa-puNya sAthe koI paNa prakArano saMbaMdha nathI. mAtra ajJAnathI jJAna DhaMkAI gayuM che tethI ja prANImAtrane evo moha thAya che." Ama, saguNa ke upAsya brahmanI mAtra vyavahArika sattA che ane nirguNa brahmane ja pAramArthika rIte satya siddha kare che. upAsanAnA bIjA prakAra aSTAMgayoganA AcaraNanI paNa AnaMdazaMkara samIkSA kare che. brahmano anubhava karavA mATe prANAyAmAdi aSTAMgayoga sAdhana nathI. A aMgenA zaMkarAcAryanA vicAro spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, majJAna prApIDanam -nAka dabAvIne besavuM e to ajJAnInI rIta che. vaLI nAka upara dRSTi sthApavAthI brahmadhyAna thAya che ema mAnanArAnA khaMDanamAM zaMkarAcArya kahe che ke, dRSTi jJAnamayIM kRtvA pazyed brahmamayaM jagat / sA draSTi paramAra nAsAgrIvantarinI |(tejobiMdupaniSad 1-29) arthAt - 'jJAnamaya daSTi karI saghaLuM brahmamaya jovuM - A parama udAra dRSTi che. nAkanI aNI joyA karavI e nahi." For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana Ama, zAMkarasiddhAMtamAM brahmajJAnanA sAdhana tarIke yogano spaSTa niSedha che. te aMge potAno mata vyakta karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "kharo recaka ane pUraka, prapaMcano niSedha karI sarvatra paramAtmAne bharavo e ja che - UMcA nIcA zvAsa levA ityAdi nathI. A zvAsa levAthI zArIrika lAbha game te ho, yogazAstrano viSaya bhale rasika ane - jANavA-zodhavAlAyaka ho - paNa zaMkarasiddhAMtamAM to brahmajJAnanA sAdhana tarIke yogano spaSTa niSedha che."(dharmavicAra-1, pR-575) Ama chatAM 'zAMkarasiddhAMta ane yoga' evA eka bIjA lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara vividha udAharaNo ApI siddha kare che ke, yoganA be prakAra rAjayoga ane haThayogamAM zAMkarasiddhAMta anusAra haThayogano ja niSedha samajavAno che. kAraNake zaMkarAcArye paNa ATha aMgane badale paMdara aMga kalpI aSTAMgayoganAM keTalAMka aMgone judA ja arthamAM potAne anukULa arthamAM nirUpyAM che. "yamo hi niyamastyAgo maunaM dezazva kAlatA / AsanaM mUlabaMdhazca dehasAmyaM ca dRksthiti : / / prANasaMyamanaM caiva pratyAhArazca dhAraNA / AtmadhyAnaM samAdhizca protkAnyaMgAni vai kramAt // " zaMkarAcArya haThayogane niSedhIne rAjayogano vidhi kahe che tenA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara zAMkaravedAMta ane zAMkarasiddhAMta baMne vacce aitihAsika saMdarbhamAM bheda tAravI batAve che. zAMkaravedAMtano ItihAsa lakSamAM rAkhatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "zAMkarasiddhAMta ane zAMkaravedAMta e sarvathA eka nathI. sarvathA eka hota to appayadIkSitanA siddhAMtaleza'mAM je anekAneka zAMkaravedAMta saMbaMdhI matamatAMtaro noMdhyA che te noMdhAyA na hota' - A anusaMdhAnamAM AnaMdazaMkara noMdhe che ke "bhagavata pUjayapAde koI paNa ThekANe brahmajJAnIone mATe yoganI jarUra batAvI nathI. tethI ja vedAMtI paramahaMso brahmasAkSAtkAra mATe yoganI darakAra na karatAM zrutie kahelo vedAMtavAkayano vicAra karavA guru pAse jAya che. vicAra (jJAna) vaDe ja cittano doSa kADhI zakAya che ane tethI yoga doSa kADhavAnuM sAdhana nathI" (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 336). Ama, haThayoganuM zAMkarasiddhAMtamAM sthAna nathI- ema vividha pramANo ApI AnaMdazaMkara kahe che. mAyAvAdaH Indriya, mana vagere jJAnanAM dvAra alaga hovA chatAM jJAna pote to haMmezAM ekarUpa ja che. tethI dharmavRttithI je satyo manuSya hRdayamAM pragaTe che tene tarkanuM paNa samarthana avazya maLavuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva ja joIe. dhArmika hRdayanA anubhavane tarkathI samarthita karavAnuM kAma mAtra vedAMtIonuM ja nathI paNa sarva satya zodhakonuM che. AnaMdazaMkara mAyAvAdane dhArmika hRdayanI anubhUtithI prApta satyonuM tArkika samarthana karatAM siddhAMtarUpe oLakhAve che. dharmavicAra-1 mAM "mAyAvAda' paranA prakaraNamAM AnaMdazaMkara mAyAvAinuM svarUSa samajAvI A siddhAMta para karavAmAM AvatA AkSeponA tarkasaMgata uttaro ApavAno prayatama kare che. sau prathama teo mAyAvAdanuM dhArmika ane tArkika mahattva spaSTa kare che. A f - mAyAvAda kharuM jotAM eka vAra mAtra nathI, paNa dhArmika anubhavanuM sarvasva e vAdane avalaMbIne rahyuM che. tethI sphaTa vA garbhita rIte sarvadharmamAM e vAdanuM astitva che. Ane siddha karavAnI eTale ke tarkavRtti ane dharmavRttinA samanvayanI javAbadArI pratyeka dhArmika manuSyanI che. mAyAvAda sAmenA keTalAka mithyA AkSeponA uttara AnaMdazaMkara Ape che. (1) mAyAvAda anubhava virodhI che. sAmAnya janasamAjanI dRSTie anubhava virodha e mAyAvada parano AkSepa che. paraMtu AnaMdazaMkara A AkSepane ja eka dUSaNa tarIke oLakhAve che. jarA sUkSma rIte vicAratAM jagata nathI ema mAyAvAdanuM kahevuM nathI. paNa jagata jagata rUpe nathI ema kahevuM che ema samajI zakAya che. adhyAtma virodha e mAyAnuM svarUpa che. anubhava virodha vinA adhyAtmazAstra to zuM paNa koIpaNa zAstra prarvatI zakatuM nathI. A saMdarbhe adhyAtmavidyAmAM anya zAstra karatAM paNa anubhava virodhanI vadhAre yogyatA darzAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : atre je samya darzana sAdhavAnuM che te mAtra buddhinA pradezanuM nathI paNa samagra AtmAnuM che, eTale ke khagoLavidyAnI mAphaka atre amuka siddhAMta siddha karIne parokSa jJAnathI vIramavAnuM nathI, paNa samagra AtmAmAM aparokSa anubhava prApta karavAno che ane eTalA mATe atre bAdhita anubhavanuM bAdhitatva atyaMta tIvra thaI parAkASThAe pahoMce che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 97) narasiMha mahetAnA "jAgIne jouM to jagata dIse nahI" nA "divya prabhAta' nAmAbhidhAna anvaye vArtika racatAM AnaMdazaMkara e spaSTa kare che ke (juo pariziSTa-2, kAvya : 2, pR. 291) A anubhava virodha paNa hakIktamAM eka AbhAsa che. kema ke mAyAvAdanuM sAmAnya rIte ema kahevuM nathI ke A jagata dekhAya che te nathI dekhAtuM, enuM to vizeSataH kahevuM che ke A jagata dekhAya che te brahmadarzana thatAM jagatarUpe nathI dekhAtuM. emaNe A vidhAnane samajAvatAM lakhyuM che : avaccheda vagara sAmAnya rIte e jagatane "che' vA nathI' kahevuM e baMne sarakhI rIte arthazUnya vAkyo che. jagatane amuka viccheda laIne, eTale amuka amuka rUpe ja che" vA "nathI" kahevAmAM artha che. mAyAvAda spaSTa rIte kahe che ke, jagata jagata rUpe nathI ema kahevAnuM tAtparya For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana evuM che ke prAkRta janone jagata jeve rUpe bhAse che te karatAM dhArmika AtmAne e jude rUpe pratIta thAya che, ane e be prakAramAM dhArmika AtmAnI je dRSTi che te kharI che ane prAkRta janonI khoTI che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 184) "Izvarano pratyakSa udaya thatAM eno pratyAghAta - eno prakAza -jagata pratyakSa upara paDe che ane havenuM jagata pratyakSa ajJAna avasthAnA jagatapratyakSathI juduM ja che. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa enuM bAdhaka che ema anubhava kahe che.'" (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 185) 106 A prakAre AnaMdazaMkare mAyAvAdanA saMdarbhamAM vyavahArika jagatanA mithyAtvane samajAvyuM che. zAstradRSTie jagatanuM mithyAtva e navIna vAta pratipAdita thAya che ema emanuM kahevuM che. vyavahArika anubhavamAM jagata nathI ema vedAMtanuM pratipAdana nathI mATe e 'brahmasatyam' ane 'nAnidhyA'ema kahe che. lokadaSTie eTale ke vyavahArika bhramAtmaka pratItimAM jagata, bhUta, bhaviSya ane vartamAna traNe kAlamAM che. zAstrIya eTale ke pAramArthika dRSTie ja vicAratAM tenuM mithyAtva sAbita thAya che. AnaMdazaMkara vyavahArika pAramArthika evo bheda svIkArIne ja cAle che. te mATeno tarka e che ke, jo Avo bheda na hoya to koIpaNa viSayanuM zAstra ja saMbhave nahi. jevAM khagoLa Adi viSayanAM zAstro che. evuM brahmajJAnanuM paNa zAstra che ane jema khagoLa vidyA pRthvInuM sthira hovuM bhramAtmaka che ema siddha kare che tema brahmavidyA jagatane jagatarUpe bhramAtmaka che ema TharAve che. ahIM anubhava virodhano koI avakAza ja AnaMdazaMkara jotA nathI. laukika anubhava virodhathI bhaDakanArane sacoTa uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "No one has any genuine gift for philosophy who has never doubted the reality of material things." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 185) (2) mAyAvAdane keTalAka anizvaravAda tarIke oLakhAve che. A AkSepano uttara AnaMdazaMkara be rIte Ape che : (1) yathArtha rIte vicAratAM Izvarano mahimA mAyAvAda vinA pragaTa thaI zakato nathI. tattvajJAnano uddeza padArthonI anekatAnI pAchaLa rahelI ekatA zodhavAno che. tethI AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, Izvarayukta jagata,jagata ane jIva ane e be ke traNa padArthamAM thatA IzvaranA aMtarbhAvathI para evuM sattva hovuM joIe ke, je sarvano khulAso ApI zake. Ama, IzvarathI para javAnI AkAMkSA rahe to pachI 'parAgati', 'paramaadhi', '52manidAna' vagere pado dvArA nirdezAtuM sarvasaMmata Izvara svarUpa rahetuM nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 107 (2) anizvaravAdI AkSepa sAme bIjI eka dalIla karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, bhaktano AtmA je anAdi kALathI potAnI ane IzvaranI vacce jagata-rUpI aMtarAya anubhavato hato, te jagatane brahmanI mAyArUpe grahaNa karatAM brahmanuM avyavahita sAMmukhya anubhavIne AnaMda che. ahIM AnaMdazaMkara spaSTatA kare che ke, jagatano AviSkAra mAtra mAyA ja nathI, paNa brahmanI mAyA che. e brahmano vikAra nathI, paNa mAyA che. Ama, brahma ane mAyA ema baMne pada upara bhAra mUkI vicArIne jotAM spaSTa thaze ke vedAMtIo jagatathI para tattva svIkAre che, ane e paratattvano jagata sAthe, vastusthitimAM temaja jJAnamAM, avizleSya ane tAttvika saMbaMdha che arthAt brahma jagatathI para che ane te jagatanA aMtaramAM virAje che. brahmanI sattAthI ja jagatanI sattA bane che. AthI AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke "jagata brahmasattA nirUpati sattAvALuM che, mithyA che, brahmamAM adhyasta che, ItyAdi vedAMta zAstranI paribhASAnuM Aja tAtparya che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 98). (3) vedAMtano mAyAvAda jagatane "apratiSThita, "asatya' kahe che. evI bhUla paNa ghaNA loko kare che. vedAMtanA virodhIomAM pracalita A mAnyatAmAM AnaMdazaMkara zrI kRSNa bhagavadgItAmAM karelo anizvaravAda jue che. 'satya pratiSTha te navaduranIzvaram' (bhagavadgItA- a.16, zloka -8). arthAtu - 'e AsurI loka jagatane asatya, nirAdhAra ane paramezvara vinAnuM kahe che. A rIte "mAyAvAdI jagatane asatya kahIne aTakato nathI paNa brahma e ja "satya" che, jagatanI pratiSThA' brahmamAM che ema adhika pratipAdana kare che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : " A bheda thoDo nathI. jagatano niSedha anubhavatAM Izvarano mahimA ocho thato nathI paNa tene badale e vadhAre aizvaryavALo ane aparokSa thAya che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 186) (4) nItinI tIvra lAgaNIvALA keTalAka loko mAyAvAdane pApa-puNyAdinI nItivyavasthAne nirAdhAra karanAra siddhAMta mAne che. kAraNake brahma ja jo eka mAtra parama sata hoya ane bAkI badhuM mithyA hoya to pachI pApa-puNya vagerenA bheda paNa mithyA ja mAnavA paDe. pariNAme AvuM ciMtana samAja mATe vighAtaka puravAra thaI rahe che. A AkSepano uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara mAyAvAda nItipoSaka che ema siddha karI Ape che. "brahma satye na nathyA' e vedAMtanA pratiSThita zlokArdhanA pUrvakhaMDanI avagaNanAne AnaMdazaMkara uparokta AkSepanuM kAraNa gaNe che. pUrve batAvyA pramANe mAyAvAda jagatano mAtra niSedha karIne aTakato nathI, paNa vizeSamAM brahmanuM advitIya astitva paNa svIkAre che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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108 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana A rIte vicAratAM mAyAvAdathI nItivyavasthAno bhaMga thato nathI. paraMtu tene badale te nItino poSaka bane che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe cheH "nazmiA ' eTaluM ja kahetAM jagata sAthe nIti paNa UDI jAya, sata-rUpa temaja kartavyarUpa samasta vastu "apratiSTha' eTale AdhArarahita thaI rahe ane tattvavicAramAM ane kartavyavicAramAM zUnyavAdano prasaMga Ave e kharuM, paraMtu "brahma satya' eTale umeratAM, nItino vighAta na thatAM svarUpAMtara thAya che - arthAt nIti eka laukika vyavasthA maTI alaukika padArtha bane che. ane prAkRta vyavahAranI adhamatAthI mukta thaI brahmanI pavitratAthI siMcAya che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 99). Ama nItinI laukikatAne sthAne tenI sArvatrikatA paNa mAyAvAdathI ja pratiSThita thAya che. kAraNake nItino AdhAra Ihaloka upara na rahetAM sarvaloka upara eTale ke "Iha ane para - ubhaya saMgrAhaka brahma" upara rahe che, jethI nIti sArvatrika bane che. Ama mAyAvAdano parama udeza nItinI pAramArthikatAne siddha kare che. sAmAnya nIti vyavasthA ane mAyAvAda anusAra nItivyavasthAno bheda darzAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : sAmAnya nItivyavasthAmAM mAyAvAda phera kare che. te eTalo ja che ke nIti ne svarUpAMtara pamADavAmAM je je vRtti anukULa hoya tene paNa e nItivyavasthAmAM praveza karAve che eTale ke enA sAdhyane anukULa sAdhana-prApta e Avazyaka gaNe che. e sAdhana- prAptimAM atyAcAra thaI sAdhyanuM vismaraNa thaI jAya e mAyAvAdane anya nItivAdo jeTaluM ja aniSTa che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.99) IzvaranI AjJA che ke jagatamAM rahI sadAcAra pALavo evA sezvaradvaitavAdIonA mata karatAM advitIono vastutaH jagata IzvarathI atirikta nathI ema samajI laI brahmAnubhava rUpe jagatanI nIti AcaravI e AnaMdazaMkaranA mate vadhAre sAyaktika che. AnA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara noMdhe che : "sarvAtma brahmavAdI atIne to jagata brahmano avaccheda karI zakatuM nathI. jagata paNa brahmarUpa ja che. tethI eNe jagata tyajI brahmane ethI bahAra zodhavA javAnuM nathI, paNa jagatamAM ja jagatanA vyavahAramAM ja brahmano anubhava karavAno che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 101) A rIte AnaMdazaMkaranA mate mAyAvAdathI sAMsArika nItivyavasthA brahmabhAvathI prakAzita thAya che ane sArvatrika bane che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA : yuropamAM soLamI sadIthI vaijJAnika yugano AraMbha thayo tenI sAthe sAthe sRSTiracanAnA niyamonI zodhono AraMbha paNa thayo. pariNAme aDhAramI sadImAM yuropa prakRtimAM paramAtmAne joI zakyuM nahi. yuropanA vaijJAnika vikAsano prabhAva ApaNA dezanA bauddhiko para paDyo. aDhAramI sadImAM yuropanI manuSya buddhie paramAtmAno niSedha karelo athavA ema svIkAreluM ke paramAtmAmAMthI eka vakhata zakti pAmelI prakRti haMmezAM svataMtra niyamothI pravarte che ane paramAtmA koNa jANe kacAM yoganidrAmAM paDyo haze. AnaMdazaMkara AvA valaNane 'ardhanAstikatAthI bharelA dvaitavAda' tarIke oLakhAve che. ApaNA dezamAM je naiyAyika dvaitavAdIo paramAtmAne 'ghaTonA nirmAtA' ane 'tribhuvana-vidhAtA' tarIke svIkAratA ane potAnA kAryano ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdha eka sarakho ja che ema kalpatA. paramAtmA vizenI A kalpanAne AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. A saMdarbhamAM 'horI' kAvyanuM vArtika karatAM AnaMdazaMkara paramAtmA-jIvAtmAnuM advaita buddhigrAhya rIte samajAve che. (juo pariziSTa-2, kAvya : 3 ane 4, pR. 292, 293) paramAtmA dezakRta, kAlakRta ane vastukRta ema trividha paricchedarahita che. eTale ke ahIM che ane tyAM nathI athavA tyAM che ane ahIM nathI ema nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa sarva sthaLe che ema kahetAM paNa sthaLa enuM adhiSThAna banI jAya che e khoTuM thAya che. deza-sthaLamAM e Azraya karI rahelo nathI, UlaTo deza ene lIdhe banyo rahe che. e ja pramANe paramAtmA bhUta, bhaviSya ane vartamAna koIpaNa kALe nahoto, nathI athavA nahi hoya ema nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa kALamAM ene mAnavAthI kALa eno Azraya bane, je paramAtmAnI sarvAzrayatA sAthe asaMgata che. Ama paramAtmAnuM svarUpa sthaLAtIta ane kALAtIta evuM vilakSaNa banI rahe che. paramAtmA dvArA ja sthaLa ane kALanuM astitva pramANAya che. eTale vastuonA astitvano khulAso 5ramAtmAmAMthI kevI rIte maLI zake evo prazna svAbhAvika rIte Ubho thAya. 109 "paramAtmAthI bhinna koIpaNa vastu nathI ke jenA astitvano khulAso paramAtmA- mAMthI na nIkaLato hoya. vastu mAtra 52mAtmAmAMthI astitva pAme che ema jo kabUla karatA ho to paramANuo ke prakRti evI koI paNa vastu paramAtmAnI sAthe sAthe potIkuM svataMtra svabhAva siddha astitva bhogavatI mAnI zakAtI nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 257) arthAt jagata aNuomAMthI ke prakRtimAMthI nIpajeluM nathI. Ama, vastutaH to asatmAMthI sata nIpajatuM nathI ane satamAMthI asata paNa nIpajatuM nathI. asatamAMthI asata thAya che ema kahevuM taddana arthahIna che ane satamAMthI sata paNa 'thAya che' kahI zakAtuM nathI, eTale je sata For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana che te ja che. anya kAMI ja nathI. paramAtmA potAmAMthI ja eka advitIya satamAMthI jagata upajAve che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. zrutie e mATe UrNanAbha-karoLiyAnuM dRSTAMta ApyuM che. karoLiyo jema potAnAmAMthI jALa pasAre che tema paramAtmA paNa potAnAmAMthI jagatanI jALa pAthare che. jo ke A dRSTAMtane paNa AnaMdazaMkara pUrNarUpe lAgu pADavAnA matamAM nathI. kAraNake karoLiyo potAnA zarIramAMthI jALa kADhe che ane paramAtmAne to zarIra nathI, tema paramAtmA pote vikAra pAmIne jagatarUpa bane ema paNa nathI kahevAtuM, kAraNake paramAtmAmAM vikAra saMbhavato nathI. mATe mAnavuM paDe che ke e asata ne sata karato nathI, mAtra sAta karI dekhADe che. pote potAmAMthI eka advitIya satamAMthI kAMI vikAra upajAvato nathI, upajAvato dekhAya che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "Ane koI paramAtmAnI prabhutAI kahe che, "lIlA kahe che, koI "mAyA' kahe che athavA mAyAnI eka kalA - 'vikSepazakti' kahe che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 258) paramAtmA ane jIvAtmAno saMbaMdha: paramAtmA jagatanuM sarjana karyA pachI jagatathI alipta raheto nathI paNa e jagata temaja sAkSAt manuSya AtmA sAthe nitya saMbaMdha dharAve che. A saMbaMdha aMge aneka matabhedo ciMtakomAM jovA maLe che. rAjA-prajAno, pitA-putrano, mitra-mitrano svAmI-sevakano, pati-patnIno ke sarvathA ananyatAno ke bIjI koI rItano te aMge anekavAda-vivAda sarjAtA rahyA che. paramAtmA ane jIvAtmAnA A saMbaMdhano svIkAra karI tadanusAra je AcAra-vicAra karavAmAM Ave che ene ja AnaMdazaMkara dharma kahe che. neti neti kahI viramanArA kevalAdvatIo paNa AtmA sAthe para padArthane koIka tarehano saMbaMdha to mAne che ja. paraMtu A sarva rUpako kharAM che ? tenuM tAtparya zuM che ? tevA praznano uttara AnaMdazaMkara "horI nAmanA bIjA eka AdhyAtmika kAvyanuM vArtika karatAM vyavahArika ane pAramArthika (kevalAdvaita) baMne dRSTibiMdue Ape che. (juo pariziSTa-2, kAvya : 4, pR.293) A sarvarUpako vyavahArika arthamAM kharAM che. kAraNake je arthamAM ApaNe chIe te arthamAM ApaNAthI judo paramAtmA paNa che ane be vacceno saMbaMdha uparanA rUpako vaDe pradarzita thAya che. paraMtu bIjI rIte (paramArthika rIte) vicAratAM AnaMdazaMkara A rUpakone be prakAre mithyA gaNAve che: (1) e saMbaMdha evo vividha che ke e rUpakomAMnuM koIpaNa vastu sthitine pUrepUrI nirUpavA asamartha che. (2) jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAne be padArtho mAnI emano saMbaMdha samajavA mATe e rUpako kadhyAM che. paraMtu hakIkatamAM jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA ema be judA padArtho ja nathI. jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAnI ekatAne vadhu tAttvika rIte samajavA AnaMdazaMkara yuropiyana tattvaciMtaka Imenyuala kAnTanA tattvajJAnano ullekha kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 111 kAre potAnA "krITika opha pyora rIjhana'mAM manuSya jJAnanI maryAdA aMge ciMtana karyuM che. kAnTa anusAra ApaNA Indriya jJAnamAM rahelI deza ane kALarUpI be upAdhio viSayagata nathI. kAraNa vastutattva ApaNe jANI ja zakatA nathI. ApaNI Indriya dvArA viSayamAM sthaLakALa AropAya che. kAnTanI pachInA vakhatamAM eTalo pheraphAra sucavAyo ke - prathama svataH padArtha che ane pachIthI Indriyono saMbaMdha thatAM enAmAM deza ane kALanI upAdhio Upaje che ema nathI paNa Indriya sAthe saMbaMdha rUpe ja e padArthanuM astitva che. eTale jo padArtha che to tene dezakALa lAgelA ja che. uparokata baMne siddhAMto parathI AnaMdazaMkara evuM tAraNa Ape che ke, : je padArtha IndriyAtIta che te dezagata ke kAlagata hoI na zake. AthI ATalI vAta spaSTa che ke AtmA, jIvAtmA temaja paramAtmA-je IndriyAtIta che, tene dezagata ke kAlagata mAnavo e bhUla che. jo AtmAne deza ke kALanI upAdhi lAgatI nathI, to pachI jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAne ekabIjAnI pRthak pADavA e saMbhavatuM nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 268) A uparAMta kAnTanuM bIjuM eka maMtavya evuM che ke jema manuSyanuM IndriyajJAna viSayamAtrane deza ane kALanA bIbAmAM DhALe che, tema manuSyanI buddhi paNa viSayane amuka bIbAmAM ja utArI le che. arthAt dravya, guNa, kAraNa, saMkhyA vagere AkAromAM ja viSayone kahyuM che. kAnTanA A siddhAMtamAM pAchaLathI evo sudhAro Avyo che ke viSaya svataH - svataMtra koI padArtha nathI paNa buddhinA viSaya rUpe ja enuM astitva che, eTale prathama padArtha svataMtra siddha hoya ane pachIthI e buddhino viSaya bane ema thatuM nathI. "je padArtha manuSya buddhino viSaya nathI enI sAthe dravya-guNa-kAraNa-saMkhyA vagerenA vicAro joDavA e bhUla che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 268) arthAta adhiSThAnarUpe koIka padArtha mAnavo joIe ane tethI dravya, guNa, saMkhyA, Adi buddhinA AkAro je buddhithI zarU thAya che tene buddhinI pelI pAranA adhiSThAnabhUta-padArthane lagADavAno saguNavAdI ane dvaitavAdIono prayatna nirarthaka che. buddhinI pAchaLa pelI pAra javuM azakya lAgatuM hoya to eno ane adhiSThAnano eTale citta ane satano abheda mAno, paNa buddhi ane buddhinA viSayane eka saMkalanAmAM joDyA vinA, arthAtu baMnenI eka adhiSThAnamAM ekatA karyA vinA chUTako nathI. A samagra carcAne AdhAre AnaMdazaMkara adhiSThAnarUpa padArtha jIvabhAva zI rIte pAmyo? e praznano uttara ApavAno prayatna kare che. vedAMtanA vividha AcAryonA A aMgenA bhinna bhinna siddhAMtonA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara A praznanI carcA kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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112 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana (1) pariNAmavAda - (vikAravAda) A mata mujaba jIva ane jagata e be brahmanA vikAro che. A mata zaMkarAcAryanI pUrve paNa hato ane pAchaLathI vallabhAcArye tenuM samarthana karela che. (2) zaktivAda A vAda pramANe jIva ane jagata be brahmanI zaktio che : A matane zaktivAdane nAme zaMkarAcArya eka sthaLe ullekha kare che ane pAchaLathI rAmAnujAcArye cita ane acitane brahmanI zaktio mAnI che te A ja mata che. (3) avasthAvAda A vAda pramANe "brahma apracalita svarUpa' samudrasthAne che ane enI ISat (karA) pracalitAvasthA te aMtaryAmI (Izvara) che ane atyaMta pracalitAvasthA te jIva che. Ama, apracalita, pracalita ane atipracalita brahmanI avasthAo che. A traNa vAdamAM jIvane vikArarUpe vA zaktirUpe vA avasthArUpe satya mAnavAmAM Ave che. jIvAtmAne paramAtmAnA vikArarUpe vA anya rIte satya mAnIne paNa jIvAtmA paramAtmAthI bhinna che ke abhinna e viSe traNa mukhya vAda utpanna thayA che : (1) Dulomino mata jIva atyAre paramAtmAthI bhinna che, paraMtu nadIo samudramAM bhaLI jAya che te rIte mokSAvasthAmAM paramAtmA sAthe ekatA pAmaze. (2) AzmaraNyano mata - (bhedabhedabhAva) jema agninA taNakhA agni che ane chatAM agnithI alaga paNa che, athavA to jema ghaTa e kRtikA ja che ane kRtikAthI judo paNa che e rIte atyAranI avasthAmAM jIva paramAtmAthI atyaMta bhinna nathI, tema atyaMta abhinna paNa nathI. (3) kAzakRtnano mata - (avasthitivAda) atyAre jIva paramAtmAthI bhinna nathI, tema bhinna ane abhinna ema paraspara viruddha dharmavALo paNa nathI. atyAre je avasthAmAM che te avasthAmAM paNa e paramAtmAthI abhinna ja che. A avasthitavAdane AnaMdazaMkara rAmAnuja ane zaMkarAcArya baMnenA dRSTibiMduthI samajAve che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 113 (1) rAmAnuja mata atyAre je avasthAmAM che te avasthAmAM paNa jIva paramAtmAthI abhinna che. e avasthitivAda evo che ke acita temaja cit paramAtmAnA vizeSaNarUpe avasthita che ane paramAtmA e thakI viziSTa che. A rAmAnujAcAryano yathAvasthita (je che te rUpe ja avidyAnI kalpanA karyA vinAno) viziSTAdvaitavAda. (2) zAMkaramata atyAre je che te rUpe jIva paramAtmAthI abhinna che, chatAM bhinna bhAse che te avidyAe karIne - e zaMkarAcAryano suprasiddha kevalAdvaita che. Ama,jIva-brahmanI abhinnatA chevaTe zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitane AdhAre AnaMdazaMkara darzAve che. Aja saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara jIva-brahmanI ekatA samajAvatAM zAMkaravedAMtamAM AvatAM vividha daSTAMtonI spaSTatA kare che. (1) biMbapratibiMbavAda darpaNamAM dekhAtuM mukha vAstavika mukhathI bhinna nathI. athavA jaLamAM dekhAtuM caMdranuM pratibiMba kharA caMdrathI bhinna nathI - arthAt ema dekhAya che chatAM be mukha ke be caMdra thatA nathI. tema brahmanuM avidyAtmaka aMtaHkaraNamAM pratibiMba paDavAthI brahmathI judo jIva bhAse che, paNa vastutaH brahma ekaluM ja che. (2) avacchedavAda biMbapratibiMbavAda mujaba caMdra AkAzamAM che ane enuM pratibiMba jaLamAM che. eTaluM dvaita rahI jAya che. tevI saMbhavita zaMkAnI sAme bIjA zAMkaravedAMtIo anya daSTAMtathI jIva brahmano saMbaMdha samajAve che. jema ghaTAkAza ane mahAkAza judA nathI tema anavacchinna (vagara gherAyeluM) caitanya te brahma ane aMtaHkaraNAvacchinna (buddhithI gherAyeluM) caitanya te jIva. paraMtu A vAdamAM paNa AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, zuddha caitanya ane tene gheranAra buddhi athavA aMtaHkaraNa eTalA pUratuM advaitavAdamAM chidra paDe. A zaMkAnA nivAraNa mATe keTalAka zAMkaravedAMtIo karNa-rAdheya'nA daSTAMtathI jIvabrahmano saMbaMdha samajAve che : jema karNa pRthAno putra hato, paNa ajJAne karI potAne rAdhAno putra jANato hato, tema brahma vastutaH brahma chatAM ajJAne karI potAne jIva samaje che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana uparokta sarva daSTAMto Akhare zAMkaravedAMta anusAra advaitanuM ja pratipAdana kare che. A dRSTAMtonuM kharuM tAtparya na samajavAthI pAchaLanA vakhatamAM te te dRSTAMtane vaLagI paDIne judA judA vAdano virodha upajAvavAmAM Avyo che. A vividha dRSTAMtonuM kharuM tAtparya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "brahmane koIpaNa daSTAMta lAgu paDI zake ja nahi - jaDane caitanyanA dRSTAMtathI kathavuM , ke caitanyane jaDanA daSTAMtathI kathavuM e khoTuM che. chatAM emanA svarUpa samajAvavA mATe AvA dRSTAMta lIdhA vinA cAlatuM nathI. dAMta laIne yAda rAkhavAnI vAta eTalI ja che ke daSTAMta jIva brahmano saMbaMdha siddha karavA mATe nathI, paNa e saMbaMdha samajAvavA mATe che. A rIte jotAM pUrvokta sarva daSTAMtamAMthI samajavAnI vAta eka ja che ke brahma ajJAna karIne anyathA (jIvarUpe) bhAse che. paNa "anyathA" zabdanA prayogathI paNa ema samajavAnuM nathI ke koI "anya'- brahmathI judo padArtha che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 271) A vAtane samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "pRthvI sthira nathI ane chatAM sthira bhAse che ema kahevAthI te sthira thaI jatI nathI, sUrya, pRthvInI AsapAsa pharato nathI ane chatAM pharato bhAse che ema kahevAthI te pharato thato nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. ra71) arthAt lokomAM anAdikALathI cAlI AvelI samajaNa khoTI che - anAdikALathI ApaNe "jIva', "jIva' evo brahmamAM Aropa karatA AvyA chIe e adhyAropano jJAna vaDe apavAda' karavAno che. tethI adhyAropa te adhyAropa che, arthAt khoTo che ane je nathI te bhAse che ema kahevAthI vaita prApta thatuM nathI. paNa "vit' (bhAse) ane "sat' (che) nI ekatA pratipAdita thAya che. * zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaita siddhAMta anusAra jIvAtmA - paramAtmAnuM advaita AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. paraMtu upaniSada zrutimAMno dA supaLa sayunA saravayA ....e zlokane anusarI dvaitavAdIo "paramAtmA jIvAtmAnA aMtaramAM rahelo che' ema kahe che. AnI sAme AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAnuM sakhya eTale huM ane tame ekaekathI alaga hovA chatAM mitrAcArImAM joDAIe chIe e rIte jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdha nathI. e tAro aMtaryAmI ane amara AtmA che' ema je zrutimAM kahevAyuM che tenuM arthaghaTana karI AnaMdazaMkare "jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA e lekhamAM advaitasiddhAMtanuM vizeSa samarthana karyuM che ane jIvAtmA-paramAtmAnuM advaita siddha karyuM che. temanA mate, ""aMtara' zabdanA arthamAM tAdAbhya ja AvavuM ghaTe che. jIvAtmAnuM AMtaratattva, eno AtmA, enuM potAnuM svAbhAvika -AgaMtuka upAdhIkRta nahi paNa svAbhAvika svarUpa te paramAtmA, ema bhAvArtha samajavAno che".(dharmavicAra-1, pR. 298). For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 115 avidyAH paramAtmAnI sRSTinI utpAdakazakti ne vikSepazakti tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. ane sva-svarUpanuM AcchAdAna karanAra zaktine AvaraNazakti kahe che. AnaMdazaMkara eka udAharaNa dvArA A zaktionI samajUtI Ape che. paramAtmAe jagata "mejika lenTarna eTale ke bhUtAvaLanA citra mAphaka ApaNI dRSTi AgaLa khaDuM karyuM che. ane mejika lenTarnanA "mejika' (jAdu) karatAM enuM mejika anaMtagaNuM adhika che. eTale, yogavasiSThamAM kahyuM che tema "vagara bhIMte' A citra UbhuM karyuM che! A enI vikSepazaktinuM pariNAma che, ane ApaNe ane enI vacce e citra ADuM paDeluM hovAthI enuM kharuM svarUpa samajAtuM nathI e enI AvaraNa zaktinuM pariNAma che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 229) paramAtmAnI AvaraNazakti che ane te anubhavAya che temAM koI nA kahI zake tema nathI. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke je loko zAMkaravedAMtano A zabda (AvaraNazakti) nahi vAparatA hoya teo bIjA zabdomAM paNa enI e ja vAta kahetA jaNAze, khristIo paNa paramAtmAe manuSyane kasavA mATe Temptations - jagatanI lAlaco UbhI karI che ane emAMthI zuddha thaI paramAtmAnI najIka jAya che tema kahI eka yA bIjA svarUpamAM 'AvaraNazakti'no ja khulAso kare che. A AvaraNazakti paramAtmAmAM zA mATe saMbhave che? evA praznanA uttaramAM AnaMdazaMkara vividha mato sAthe zAMkaravedAMtanA matanI tulanA karI chevaTano siddhAMta tAravI Ape che. paramAtmAnI AvaraNazaktino saguNa brahmavAdIo evo khulAso Ape che ke, viSayanI lAlacone tAbe thavuM ke nahi e bAbatamAM prabhue manuSyane svataMtratA bakSI che. zAMkaradAtIomAMnA keTalAka mAyA ane avidyA ema be bheda pADIne mAyA prabhunI gaNe che ane avidyA jIvanI gaNe che - eTale mAyAmAM lapaTAvArUpI avidyAmAM jIva pote ja kAraNa rahe che ane Izvarane mAthe eno doSa caDhato nathI. viSaya pratyenA rAga-dveSAdine jIvanI sRSTirUpe mAnavAthI paNa e ja kArya sadhAya che. jIvanA saMkalpa svAtaMtryane kendramAM rAkhIne ApavAmAM Avato A saguNa brahmavAdI khulAso zaMkAnuM saMpUrNa samAdhAna ApI zakato nathI ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. kAraNake A lAlacone tAbe thavuM rAga-dveSAdi dharavA - emAM jIva kAraNa che kharo paraMtu ahIM ApaNo prazna e nathI. mULa prazna e che ke, AvaraNazakti paramAtmAmAM kema saMbhave che? teno khulAso uparanA javAbomAM Avato nathI. keTalAka A anubhavAtI AvaraNazaktino khulAso IzvarathI judI "zetAna' nAmanI zaktithI Ape che. to keTalAka Izvarano chevaTano IrAdo manuSyane vijayI karavAno hovAthI, atyAre anubhavAtA tophAnano pariNAmanI daSTie bacAva kare che. paNa A baMne mArga khAmI For Personal & Private Use Only

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116 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana bharelA che. kAraNake, "zetAna' nAmanI Izvare utpanna na karelI evI zakti mAnavAthI IzvaranA sarvasattAdhIzapaNAno bAdha Ave che. jyAre bIjA khulAsA anusAra pariNAma (sAdhya)nI daSTie sAdhanano bacAva karavo e IzvaranA sAmarthyanI viruddha che. Ama, paramAtmAnI AvaraNazaktinA A khulAsA paNa atArkika che tema AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. viziSTAtI rAmAnujAcArya avidyAno khulAso evo Ape che ke, rAga dveSAdi vRttio avidyAthI UpajelI che ane e avidyA jIvanamAM potAnAM ja pUrvajanmanAM karmonuM phaLa che. paraMtu rAmAnujAcAryanA A matanI sAme eka vAMdho e uThAvI zakAya ke, atyAranI avidyA pUrvajanmanA karmathI, pUrvajanmanuM karma te pahelAMnI avidyAthI, e avidyA te pahelAMnA karmathI ema pAchaLa anavasthA doSa Ave che. A doSanuM samAdhAna zAMkaravedAMtIo ema kare che ke, - anavasthA bhale cAle, te anivArya che. kAraNake jagatanI koIpaNa kALe zarUAta thayelI mAnIe to te pahelAMno kALa kema khAlI paDI rahyo hato evo prazna Ubho thAya che. teno koI khulAso ApI zakAya tema nathI. mATe avidyA ane karmanI kArya-kAraNatAnI lITI anaMta bhUtakALa sudhI laMbAyA kare tema mAnavAmAM koI bAdha nathI, kAraNake tarkanI e eka anivAryatA che. AnaMdazaMkara A khulAsAne paNa samAdhAnakArI gaNatA nathI. kAraNake emAM manuSya ajJAna mATenI javAbadArI paramAtmAne vaLagavA na detAM potAne mAthe rAkhavAno prayatna kare che. rAgadveSarUpI paramAtmAviSayaka ajJAnane mATe paramAtmA javAbadAra nathI ema batAvavAthI mULa prazna to anuttara rahe che ke, karma ane avidyAnI gaDamathala jIvane vaLagADanAra koNa? avidyAnA svarUpanA saMdarbhamAM vicArIe to jaNAya che ke eka avidyA, bIjI avidyA, trIjI avidyA evA avidyAnA judA judA naMbaro nathI ke je pUrva janmanAM karmono khulAso ApI zake. avidyA eka ja cAlI Ave che ane avidyAthI banelAM karmone avidyAnA kAraNarUpe sthApavAM ema anyonyAzraya doSa Ave che. tethI zAMkaravedAMtI rAmAnujAcAryanI mAphaka avidyAne pUrvajanmanA karmanI na mAnatAM anAdi mAne che evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. AnaMdazaMkara A samagra samasyAnuM samAdhAna zAMkaravedAMta anusAra batAve che. avidyAnuM svarUpa jotAM paramAtmA avidyAne utpanna kare te saMbhavatuM nathI, tema te paramAtmAnI jema anAdikALathI astitva dharAvatI hoya te paNa saMbhavita nathI. paramAtmAnI sAthe avidyAne joDatAM aneka doSa Ave che ema paNa svIkAravuM paDe tema che. e sAthe e paNa eTalI ja spaSTa vAta che ke avidyA anubhavAya che to kharI. A baMne vAtone sAthe letAM e phalita thAya che ke, avidyA anubhavAya che ane chatAM enuM astitva asaMkhya dUSaNothI bhareluM che - AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : enuM nAma ja Irrationability, Unreason, "avidyA'. jeno khulAso thaI zake, jene kAryakAraNanI sAMkaLamAM joDI zakAya, jene paramAtmAmAMthI phalita karI zakAya e "avidyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva ja na kahevAya. e paramasatamAMthI phalita thatI nathI ane chatAM pratIta thAya che mATe ja ene sata-asata anirvacanIya, jene sata paNa na kahevAya ane asata paNa na kahevAya evI varNavIe chIe. (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 261-262) Ama, avidyAnuM kharuM svarUpa ja anirvacanIya che. saguNavAdIo vizvamAM avidyAnuM astitva svIkAre che, paraMtu parama dayALu paramAtmAno e avidyA sarjavAmAM zo hetu haze e manuSya potAnI alpajJatAne kA2Ne samajI zakato nathI. saguNabrahmavAdIonuM AvuM ajJeyavAdI ciMtana AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. tenI sAme nirguNabrahmavAdIonA anirvacanIyatAvAdI ciMtanane samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "A vAda pramANe, ApaNe avighAnA astitvamAM paramAtmAno zo hetu rahelo haze e samajatA nathI ema nahi, paNa avidyAne vAstavika astitva ja nathI : ane je mithyA che tenA khulAsAnI jarUra nathI, kAraNake teno khulAso saMbhavato ja nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 262) ,, 117 keTalAka zAMkaravedAMtIo ethI paNa AgaLa vadhIne anirvacanIyatAne samajAve che tenI spaSTatA paNa AnaMdazaMkara kare che. "temanA siddhAMta pramANe A avidyA jema paramAtmAnI karelI nathI ane mithyA hoI paramAtmAnA advitIyatvane bAdha karatI nathI, tema e jIvanI upajAvelI paNa nathI - jIvanuM jIvatva ja enAthI banyuM rahyuM che tyAre zuM e jIva thakI prAkRsiddha che ema paNa nathI. eTale ke avidyAne laIne jIva che ane jIvane laIne avidyA che ane chatAM anyonyAzraya doSa Avato nathI, kAraNake, jIvanuM jIvapaNuM enuM ja nAmAMtara avidyA che ane avidyAnuM pratIta thavuM emAM ja jIvanuM jIvapaNuM che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 262) A saMdarbhamAM avidyAno jIva sAthe saMbaMdha koNe sthApita karyo ? e mULa praznano uttara AnaMdazaMkara yathArtha rIte pragaTa karI Ape che. temanA mate : "avidyA e nAme koI vastusata padArtha nathI ke jeno jIva sAthe saMbaMdha koNe karyo evo prazna vAjabI gaNAya. jIve potAne jIva jANavo ane jagatane jagata jANavuM ane e rIte paramAtmAnuM kharuM svarUpa jovA chatAM, na jovuM - enuM ja nAma avidyA che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 263) uparanI samagra carcAnA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkaranA vicArone nIce pramANe krama baddha karI zakAya : (1) paramAtmAmAM AvaraNazakti che te anubhavAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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118 (2) anirvacanIya astitva e astitva ja nathI. (3) jIvabhAva ane avidyA eka ja vastusthitinAM be nAma che. (4) 'hovuM' ane 'bhAsavuM' e brahmanuM ja svarUpa che. AthI AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke "'avidyA' e to nAmamAtra che, jagata mAtra bhAse che paNa bhAse che ema kahevAmAM ja citta (bhAsa) ane sata (che) nI sAthe enI ekatAnuM pratipAdana thaI jAya che, kAraNake asti ane mAti - hovuM ane bhAsavuM e brahmanuM ja svarUpa che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 263) - sAdhana : AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana zaMkarAcAryanA ciMtananA tAttvika AdhAro spaSTa karI AnaMdazaMkara zAMkaravedAMta anusAra sAkSAtkAranI carcA kare che. zaMkarAcArya jJAna thakI mokSa mAne che, paNa e jJAna zuSkatarka nahi, tema sAMkhyano prakRti - puruSano viveka mAtra ja nahi. paNa sarva vyApaka caitanya sAthe ekatAno anubhava. A anubhava sudhI pahoMcavA mATenA zaMkarAcArye sUcavelA caturaMga adhikAranuM AnaMdazaMkare vivaraNa karyuM che : (1) viveka (2) vairAgya (3) (4) mumukSutva - Religious Sense A cAreya sAdhananI prakAra racanAmAM AnaMdazaMkarane mAnasazAstranuM UMDuM avalokana jaNAyuM che. - Intellect - Emotion zama, dama, uparati, titikSA, zraddhA, samAdhAna - Moral will "jIvAtmAnI amuka vRttithI paramAtmA anubhavI zakAya che ema nathI. ene anubhavavA mATe akhaMDa AtmA joIe" (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 575) AtmAmAM A cAra aMzo hoya che, jeno samAveza uparanA adhikAra vibhAgamAM karAyo che. prathama nitya ane anitya vastune ekabIjAthI judI oLakhavI joIe (viveka). je sAragrAhI daSTi dvArA ja prApta thaI zake. bIjuM A loka temaja paralokanAM sukha bhogavavA pratyeno vairAgya. AmAM sukhano ja mAtra vairAgya nathI paNa sukhanI IcchAnA tyAgane vairAgya gaNyo che. trIjuM, ataMramAMthI viSaya vAsanAno tyAga karavo (zama), bAhyavRtti para aMkuza rAkhavo (dama), viSaya taraphanI vRttine taddana vALI devI (upa2ma) ema karatAM du:kha Ave to AtmabaLathI sahana karavAM (titikSA), ane tattvamasi nI bhAvanA AcAryoe anubhavIne rajU karelI che. mATe e satya che evI zraddhA rAkhavI ane vRtti For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 119 mAtranuM paramalakSa paramAtmA che enAmAM citta sthApavuM (samAdhAna)A cha sAdhanasaMpata che. paNa A sarva pAchaLa adhikAranuM cothuM aMga mumukSutva eTale saMsAramAMthI chUTavAnI tIvra vRtti. A sAkSAtkAra saMnyAsa vinA zakya nathI evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. kAraNake jyAM sudhI bheda che tyAM sudhI abhedanI prApti zakya nathI. mArA tArAnA bhedanI pAra javAnuM bAhya cina saMnyAsAzrama che. AnaMdazaMkara saMnyAsa ne mamatA TALyAnuM bAhya cihna gaNAve che. jyAM sudhI aMtaramAMthI ahiMgraMthi (huM - bhAvanI gAMTha) chUTe nahi tyAM sudhI mokSa maLe nahi. e ahaMgraMthi anAdi vAsanAnI banelI che - e vAsanA potapotAnAM ucita karma ane saguhya brahmanI upasAnA dvArA dhIme dhIme cittazuddhi saMpAdana karIne, vedAMtasiddhAMtanuM zravaNa-manana ane nididhyAsana karavAthI je jJAna prApta thAya che te thakI chUTe che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 201) AvI muktine AnaMdazaMkara 'jIvana-mukti' tarIke oLakhAve che. teo karma ane bhaktine mAtra citta zuddha karavA mATenAM sAdhanarUpe jue che. karma - zabdanA arthamAM saMdhyAvaMdanAdi dhArmika kriyA Ave che, paNa ekalI e ja AvatI nathI. varNa ane AzramanA dharmo je vaDe saMsArataMtra cAle che ane paramArthasiddhino mArga UghaDe che e paNa "karma' zabdanA arthamAM samAya che. bIjuM, zaMkarAcArya saguNa brahmane AlaMbIne bhaktino upadeza kare che temAM saguNa brahmano svIkAra kRtrima rIte mana TheravavA mATe che ema na samajavuM paNa je arthamAM huM chuM, tame cho, jagata che, te arthamAM saguNa brahma paNa che. Ama chatAM aMtimasAdhana to jJAna ja che. "jJAna" eTale magajano vyApAra nahi, paNa anubhava - ke jenuM AtmAnuM samagra svarUpa baneluM che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 202) vedAMta para sezvaravAdIonA AkSeponA AnaMdazaMkare ApelA uttaroH * vaita vinA vyavahAra asaMgata che e vAta yukti-siddha ane suvidita che, jeno AdhAra laI keTalAka vedAMta para vyavahAra zUnyatAno Aropa mUke che. vedAMta siddhAMtanuM apUrNa avalokana e ja A AkSepanuM kAraNa che. manuSya ke vyaktionI brahmamAM ekatA na hoya to emano paraspara vyavahAra ja na ghaTI zake. manuSya - manuSya vacce je AMtarakriyA saMbhave che tenAthI eTaluM sUcita thAya che ke manuSya mAtramAM koI eka evuM ekatAnuM tattva che, ke jene avalaMbIne AMtarakriyAnA tamAma vyavahAro saMbhavI zake che. pratyeka vyakti svamAM sImita hoya to tenAthI bhinna bIjI vyakti vize kazI vAta ja saMbhave nahi, ane dareka vyaktinuM jJAna mAtra avasthA vizeSa ja rahe, ane yathArtha jJAna-satyadRSTi - evo padArtha ja banI zake nahi, ane e ja rIte savRtti paNa prativyakti bhinna TharavA jAya ane savRttinuM sarva sAmAnya nIti-dhoraNa ghaDI zakAya ja nahi, tethI nItino eka viziSTa For Personal & Private Use Only

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12). AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana ane vizALa artha karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "vyakitarUpa svanA karatAM manuSyanI adhikatA che ane e adhikatAmAM sarvanI ekatA che. A ekatArUpa adhikatAne athavA ulaTAvIne kahIe to adhikatArUpa ekatAne vyavahAranA AcAramAM anubhavavI enuM nAma ja nIti che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 101-102) Ama advaita siddhAMtane anusaravAthI pApa-puNyanA bheda nirAdhAra thAya che tevo sezvaravAdIono AkSepa satyAbhAsI che ane TakI zake tevo nathI. manuSyanI kartavyarUpa nItivyavasthA manuSyanA Izvara sAthenA saMbaMdhamAMthI ja udbhave che. "jIva IzvarathI abhinna che, arthAt jIva mAtranI IzvaramAM ekatA che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 202) * sezvara daitavAdIono bIjo eka AkSepa e che ke, ApaNAmAM je kartavyabuddhi rahelI che emAM ja potAnA karatAM adhika ane bhinna paramapuruSanA astitvano svIkAra che. A paramapuruSa adhika che e nirvivAda che. have A puruSa ane jIvAtmA jo abhinna - eka hoya to kartavya buddhimAM je AjJAnuM bhAna thAya che e na thavuM joIe. eTale A AjJAmAM sevyasevakano bheda rahelo ja che.eTale ke AjJAno ApanAra ane AjJAne grahaNa karanArano bheda che. paraMtu Avo saMbaMdha svIkArya nathI, kAraNa temAM AnaMdano abhAva che. vAstavamAM AnaMdazaMkaranA mate jyAM sudhI kartavyatA AtmAnI bahAranA tattva upara AdhAra rAkhe tyAM sudhI prazna rahevAno ke kartavya AcaravuM evI IzvaranI AjJA bhale hoya, paNa mAre e zA mATe anusaravI ? IzvaranI che mATe ? IzvaramAM evuM zuM tattva raheluM che ke jene lIdhe enI AjJA pALavI e mAro dharma che? - zakti, vizuddhi Adi guNa - saMgrAhaka Izvaratva ? ethI to mane Izvara prati bhaya ke mAna utpanna thAya, paNa teTalA mATe mAre enI AjJA anusaravI e zI rIte phalita thayuM? IzvaranI che mATe anusaravI emAM svataHsiddha paNa zuM che ? ane svataHsiddha hovuM e to kartavyatAnuM Avazyaka svarUpa che. advaita vedAMtIne to kartavya-AcaraNamAM AtmAno AtmalAbha thAya che. TUMkamAM, kartavya e mAtra zokha ke rucino viSaya nathI paNa amuka prakAranI vilakSaNa AjJA che e eka tarapha siddha che, bIjI tarapha e paNa siddha che ke A AjJAne anusaravAmAM ja AtmAnuM kharuM svAtaMtrya che. Ama eka taraphathI svAtaMtrya ane bIjI taraphathI AjJA (pArataMtra) e benI saMgati 'abheda', "mAyA', "avidyA' dvArA sadhAya che" (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 103) vedAMtamAM be prakAranAM jJAna batAvyAM che "parokSajJAna" ane "aparokSajJAna'. parokSajJAna te mAtra magajanuM jJAna, amuka samajaNa eTaluM ja. aparokSajJAna eTale samasta AtmA dvArA prApta kareluM jJAna. aparokSajJAna prApta karyA pachI vedAMta anusAra kartavya karavAnuM bAkI rahetuM nathI. paraMtu parokSajJAnanA saMdarbhamAM vicAratAM eka prazna upasthita thAya che ke, jene parokSajJAna kahevAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 121 che tenI sAthe sadvartana karmane joDavAnI jarUra kharI ? A praznano uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara parokSajJAnane kAcuM ane aparokSajJAnane pAkuM jJAna tarIke gaNe che. parokSajJAnanI sthitimAM sadvartana e Teva rUpa hatuM, jyAre aparokSa avasthA e te samajaNa rUpa che. jyAM "karma jJAnamAMthI svataH UpajI Ave che. jJAnamAMthI svataHphalita thatuM ane tethI jJAnarUpa ja (karma) che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 303) advaitavedAMta nItino vizALa ane gaMbhIra pAyo che. paraMtu vedAMta graMthomAM - "nistrArtha patha vivaratAM ho vidha vo niSedha:" matalaba ke traNa guNathI para evA mArge vicaranArAone vidhi ane niSedha zuM? ema prazna karyo che. AmAM rahelo virodha zI rIte TALI zakAya? A virodhanuM samAdhAna AnaMdazaMkara cAra bAbatothI karI Ape che. (1) karmakAMDano anAdara : "nikuSya paftha vivaratAM to vidha vo niSedha:" mAM rahelo vidhi - niSedhano abhAva sadAcArathI viruddha nathI. mumukSue zAstra upadezelA dharma aMge je karmakAMDano vidhi darzAvelo e jJAnadazA prApta karyA pachI nirarthaka bane che. Ama kahevAthI sadAcaraNanI vyavasthA lopAtI nathI, paNa amuka prakAranA sakAma karmakAMDAdi have pachI nirarthaka che ema ja samajavAnuM che. A upadezano sAra e che ke atyAra sudhI je vidhi ane niSedho upara enuM mana coMTI rahyuM che te khaseDavA mATe ja A zAstropadeza che. (2) nItine karmamAM rahela tattva dRSTithI jovI joIe. jeNe dharmanuM tattva jANyuM che te amuka kArya sAruM, amuka khoTuM evo yAdacchika bheda samajato ja nathI. e to sarvakarma sArvatrika niyamanI kasoTIthI ja tapAse che ane ema tapAsatAM ene je yogya lAge che te karavA te tatpara thAya che. AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke "dayA, kSamA Adi guNo svataH sArA-khoTA nathI, emanuM sArA-khoTApaNuM bIjethI Ave che. e sarvanI pAchaLa raheluM je sArA-khoTAnuM tattva temAMthI Ave che, e tattvane laIne ekanuM eka ja kArya amuka deza, kAla, prasaMga, kartA mATe sAruM thAya che anya mATe khoTuM Thare che." Ama, nItine kevaLa karma ke AcaraNa rUpe na avalokatAM te te kriyAomAM rahelA nItitattvanI dRSTie avalokavI joIe. (3) AtmAnuM prakRtithI para hovuM ane e arthamAM akartutva. eka taraphathI triguNanuM anivArya baMdhana ane bIjI taraphathI 'nistrANa' thavAno upadeza. A baMnemAM avirodha che ema AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che. caitanyanI zakti dvArA potAnA jJAnasvarUpanA prakAza dvArA karmane Natural (prakRtinI) sthitimAMthI kADhI super Natural (prakRtithI para) sthitimAM mUkI zakAya che. A dvArA karmane (Moral ane spiritual) nIti ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana adhyAtma arthavALuM banAvI zakAya che. je sthiti dvArA A zakaya bane te niAmukhya' avasthA. "AvI avasthA traNa guNanA mAtra abhAvarUpI avasthA nahi; paNa traNa guNathI para ane traNe guNane potAnA udaramAM saMgrahI lenAra evI avasthA, vidhi niSedhathI viruddha AcAranI avasthA nahIM, paNa vidhi-niSedhanA prakRti bhedane potAnI alaukika ekatAmAM, enA aMdhakArane potAnA prakAzamAM, enI jaDatAne potAnA caitanyamAM laya karI lenArI avasthA. ...jaDa ne svarUpAMtara pamADanAra cittarUpa padArtha te jaDano prakAzaka sAkSI che, jaDano eka bhAga nathI." A advaita siddhAMtano mULa AdhAra che.- sarva karmone paramAtmArUpI mahAna prakAzathI rasAyelA rAkhavA e nistraguNyanI avasthA che. tenA AdhAre ApaNI nItine, nItinA tattvajJAnane racavA mATeno sabaLa AdhAra maLe che. 122 (4) nItine dharmanI bhUmikAe caDhatAM ene maLatuM alaukika sva-rUpAMtara. naitikatAne kevaLa naitikatAnA Adeza rUpe aMgIkAra karato manuSya vAstavamAM nItinA sAcA AdhArane pAmato nathI. dharmanA pAyA para nItinI racanA thavI joIe. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara noMdhe che ke "nIti dharmarUpe unnata sva-rUpAMtara pAmI emAM lIna thAya che ane e vinA nIti mAtra zuSka tathA nirmAlya ja rahe che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.313) uparokta cAra dalIlo dvArA sthApita thAya che ke "niApuchyuM pathi vicaratAM jo vidhi jo niSedha:'' :- e vAkyanuM rahasya nIti viruddhanuM tAtparya dharAvatuM nathI. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara 'jIvanamuktiviveka'no zloka TAMke che - "AryatA hyadyatA maitrI saumyatA muktatA jJatA / samAzrayanti taM nityamantaHpuramivAGganAH / pezalAcAramadhuraM sarve vAcchanti taM janAH / veNuM madhuranidhvAnaM vane vanamRgA iva // " "AryatA, hRdyatA, maitrI, saumyatA, muktatA, jJAnitA - e sarve aMtaHpuramAM strIo rahe ema niraMtara enAmAM Azraya karI rahe che. suMdara AcAra karIne madhura evA ene sarvajano vAMche che, jema vanamAM madhura veNunAda tarapha vanamRgo snehathI vaLe che tema." vedAMta siddhAMtamAM nItinuM mahattva samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : (1) adhikArapUrNa sAdhana sevana vinA daivI saMpata prApta thatI nathI. (2) daivI saMpata vinA malina vAsanAno kSaya thato nathI. (3) e kSaya vinA brahmajJAna vyartha che, vyartha to zuM paNa utpanna ja thatuM nathI; ane For Personal & Private Use Only www.jalnelibrary.org

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 1 23 (4) jagatanuM mithyAtva brahmanA satyatvane laIne ja arthavALuM bane che. vedAMtanA anubhavanuM mULa sadAcAra che. nirIzvaravAdIonA kevalAdvaita paranA AkSeponA AnaMdazaMkare ApelA uttaroH sAmAnya janasamAjanI kevalAdvaita sAmenI zaMkAonuM nirAkaraNa karavA uparAMta nirIzvaravAdIo tathA sezvaravAdIoe kevalAdvaita siddhAMta sAme keTalAka prazno upasthita karelA che. tenuM tArkika rIte samAdhAna karavAno prayatna AnaMdazaMkara kare che. jagatanA saMyoga vibhAgAdi jaDadharmano khulAso jema jaDazAstra kare che tevI ja rIte A vizva para caitanyanI je salaka vyApI rahI che ane aMtaramAM virAjatA paramAtmAno khulAso brahmavidyA kare che. A saMdarbhamAM nirIzvaravAdIonA AkSepanI sAme AnaMdazaMkara brahmavidyAnA pakSamAM potAno mata vyakta kare che. (1) nirIzvaravAdIonA mate Izvara ke parama tattvano khulAso zodhavo e vyartha prayatna che. nirIzvaravAdI jaDazAstrano Azraya laIne vizvanI AkRtino eTale ke enA saMyoga vibhAga vagere jaDadharmano khulAso kare che paNa caitanyano svIkAra karatA nathI. kema ke nirIzvaravAdIono evo AkSepa che ke caitanyano khulAso zodhavA javuM e vyartha prayatna che. Ano uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "jo brahmavidyA azakya che, to bhautikazAstro paNa eTalAM ja azakya che. A rIte jo zAstramAtrane azakya TharAvavAmAM Ave to eno artha eTalo ja che ke vinA kAraNe buddhirUpI dIvAne ja holavI nAkhI sarvatra aMdhAruM che. koI paNa padArtha che ja nahi ema kahevuM ! Avo koI paNa prayatna buddhine mATe AtmaghAtI che." (dharmavicAra-1 pR.225) (2) nirIzvaravAdIono bIjo AkSepa kAryakAraNa kSetrane lagato che. teo kahe che ke, jagatanA je te padArthano khulAso kAryakAraNa bhAvathI thaI zake che. paNa samasta jagatanI pUrvenA AdikAraNa rUpa Izvara ke paramatattvane mAnavuM e anavasthA doSa upajAve che. vaLI kAryakAraNabhAva jagatamAM ja anubhavAya che mATe jagatamAM e purAI rahevo joIe, jagatathI para jagatanuM koI kAraNa hoI zake nahIM ema nirIzvaravAdIo mAne che. A dalIlanA satyane AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. zAMkaravedAMta Izvara ke paramatattvane adhiSThAna-kAraNarUpa mAne che. AthI AnaMdazaMkaranA mate "brahma e kAryakAraNarUpI sAMkaLano pahelo aMkoDo nathI paNa e sAMkaLane astitva ApanAruM, enA upAdAnarUpe raheluM che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.225) For Personal & Private Use Only

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124 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (3) nirIzvaravAdIonA mate jaDa prakRtinA svIkAra mAtrathI jagatano khulAso thaI jAya che. tethI caitanyano alagathI khulAso karavo jarUrI nathI. AnI TIkA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke - A khulAso mAnya rAkhatAM jaDa prakRtimAM cetana zakti che ema mAnavuM paDe. - jagatamAM hetulakSitA che-teno uddeza che. A uddezanI nizcitatA cetanAne siddha kare che. AthI ja AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke "vartamAna jaDazAstro cetana zaktino niSedha karyAno daMbha rAkhe che." (4) jaDavAdathI taddana viruddha chatAM IzvaramAM nahi mAnanArA nirIzvaravAdIo "samasta jagata e mArI ja karelI sRSTi che." ema kahIne jagatanA kAraNa tarIke "huM" ne prasthApato siddhAMta rajU kare che. A siddhAMta zaMkarAcAryane nAme keTalAka calAve che. paraMtu A siddhAMta zaMkarAcArya ke emanA mukhya anuyAyIono nathI ema AnaMdazaMkara bhArapUrvaka jaNAve che ane A siddhAMtamAM rahelI khAmI darzAvatAM kahe che : "koNa kaheze ke samasta jagata e "mArI' zabda - aMtargata "huM" zabdanA saMkucita arthamAM mArI ja karelI sRSTi che? "huM" ja zuM eka rIte e sRSTino bhAga nathI? e sRSTimAM pratyakSa thatA aneka niyamothI "huM" aneka rIte niyamita chuM, ema pagale pagale anubhava thAya che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.226) A anubhavano InkAra karI "huM" ja A jagatanuM kAraNa chuM ema mAnavuM e zAMkaravedAMtanI ayogya samaja che. kAraNa huM sivAya sarvano niSedha karatAM "huM" paNa UDI jAya che. adhiSThAna ja zeSa rahe A adhiSThAna e "brahma" - "huM nahIM. ( A pramANe nirIzvaravAda buddhine ane hRdayane agrAhya che ema TharAvI AnaMdazaMkara jagatanA svarUpa saMbaMdhI nirIzvaravAdIonA siddhAMtonuM tArkika rIte khaMDana kare che. (5) zAMkaravedAMta ane pAzcAtyaciMtana (1) viveka : ApaNA anubhavomAM bheLaseLa thaI gayelA tattvane alaga pADavA, temanI vacceno bheda pragaTa thavo ane anubhavavo tenuM nAma viveka ema kahevAya che. vedAMtazAstramAM vivekanA be prakAro varNavyA che : (1) nityAnitya vastuviveka (2) Atma-anAtmaviveka viveka paratve jagatanA tattvajJAnanA ItihAsamAM kevA kevA siddhAMto uddabhavyA che ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva chevaTe vivekanI pAra jaI abheda siddhAMta sthApavA kevA prayatno thayA che enuM avalokana AnaMdazaMkare 'viveka ane abheda' nAmanA lekhamAM karyuM che. (dharmavicAra -1, pR.112) nityAnitya vastuviveka ane Atma-anAtmaviveka : badhAM sukho jyAre anitya bhAse che tyAre manuSyamAM nitya sukhanI abhilASAthI, anitya sukhonI pAchaLa rahelA nitya satyane anubhavavAnI jijJAsA janme che. A jijJAsAmAM ja tattvavicAranuM bIja paDeluM che. A jijJAsAnA uttaramAM ApaNA dezanA temaja grIsa vagere pazcimanA dezonA tattvaciMtakoe nitya ane anitya tattva vacceno taphAvata pADavAnA aneka rIte prayatno karelA che. A saMdarbhamAM pAzcAtya tattvaciMtanane anulakSI AnaMdazaMkare pAzcAtya tattvaciMtanamAM vicAranI bhUmikAo nirUpI che. A bhUmikAo dvArA AnaMdazaMkara pAzcAtya tattvaciMtanamAM prApta nityAnitya vastuviveka ane Atma-anAtma vivekanI samajUtI Ape che. pAzcAtya tattvaciMtananA vicAranI bhUmikAo : (1) vizeSone kendramAM rAkhIne thayela vicAraNA (2) nitya sAmAnya tattvanI vicAraNA (3) dvaitavAdI vicAraNA (4) - eka ja sAmAnya satanA vizeSo rUpe jaDa ane cetananI vicAraNA. (dakSiNa khaMDa) AtmAnA astitvanA niSedhanI vicAraNA (vAmakhaMDa) (5) dazya jagatanI pAra anirvacanIya svataH siddha padArtha AtmAnI bahAra hovA aMgenI - 125 vicAraNA (6) anAtmA AtmAnI ja upasthApanA che evI vicAraNA (7) - 'huM' ane 'tuM' nA dvaitamAMthI samanvayarUpe prApta thatuM advaita. (dakSiNa khaMDa) - ajJeyavAdI vicAraNA (vAmakhaMDa) (1) vizeSone kendramAM rAkhIne thayela vicAraNA : thelsathI mAMDI pleTo sudhInuM grIka tattvajJAna dazya jagatanA vizeSone kendramAM rAkhIne thayelo vicAra che, jemAM vizvanuM AdIkaraNa jala, agni, AkAza, paramANu vagerenuM mAnavAmAM Avela. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate pAzcAtya ciMtanamAM dRzya jagatanA vizeSone kendramAM rAkhI thayelA vicAranI A prathama bhUmikA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana (2) nitya sAmAnya tattvanI vicAraNA : prathama bhUmikA aMge ciMtana karatAM e vAta spaSTa thAya che ke dazya jagatamAM rahelA vizeSa pAchaLa koI nitya evuM sAmAnya tattva hovuM joIe. je nitya adhiSThAnarUpa padArtha te sAmAnya sata. A sAmAnya satane adhiSThAnarUpa kAraNa tarIke svIkAravAno vicAra AnaMdazaMkaranA mate pazcimanA vicAranI dvitIya bhUmikA che. grIka tattvajJAnamAM rahela vicAranI A vyavasthAmAM AnaMdazaMkara eka prakArano advaitavAda jue che. (3) vaitavAdI vicAraNA : Adhunika tattvaciMtanamAM DekArTa mAnava anubhavonI samIkSAtmaka tapAsa kare che. dazyamAna jagata ane tenA adhiSThAnarUpa sata banne zaMkAspada hovAne kAraNe DekArTa temane bhrAMtimUlaka mAne che. A samIkSAtmaka vicAraNA daramyAna DekArTa evuM anubhave che ke vicAruM chuM tethI huM chuM." DekArTane mATe A vidhAna AtmAnA astitvanI spaSTa ane nirdAta sAbitIrUpa che. A dvArA DekArTa AtmA ane anAtmArUpa vicAra ane vistAra ema be atyaMta bhinna svataMtra padArthonI vicAraNA kare che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate yuropanA vicAranI A tRtIya bhUmikA che. "DekArTano Atma-anAtma viveka chevaTa sudhI viveka ja rahyo." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.114) (4) - eka ja sAmAnya satanA vizeSa rUpe jaDa ane cetananI vicAraNA (dakSiNa khaMDa) : DekArTa pachInA ciMtaka spinojhA Atma-anAtmane citta ane jaDa ema be svataMtra atyaMta bhinna padArtho tarIke na mAnatAM bannene eka ja sAmAnya sata padArthanA vizeSa rUpe mAnyA che. A vicAranI TIkA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara prazna kare che ke spinojhAnA ciMtanamAM sAmAnya satamAMthI jaDa ane cita zI rIte phalita thayA teno khulAso maLato nathI. Ama spinojhAnA ciMtanamAM nirvizeSa sata ane Atma-anAtma evo bheda utpanna thAya che. AnaMdazaMkara Ane yuropanA vicAranI caturtha bhUmikAnA dakSiNa khaMDa tarIke oLakhAve che. ahIM AnaMdazaMkara spinojhAnA advaitavAdI ciMtanamAM garbhita rIte rahelA tane spaSTa kare che. - AtmAnA astitvanA niSedhanI vicAraNA (vAmakhaMDa) : ahIM AnaMdazaMkara laoNka, barkale ane hyumanI vicAraNAne nirUpe che. laoNka anusAra ApaNuM Anubhavika jagata be prakAranA dharmo dharAve che. eka vastugata ane bIjuM sApekSa. vastugata dharmomAM vastunA mULabhUta dharmono samAveza thAya che jyAre sApekSa dharmo jJAtA Azrita dharmo che. laoNkanA mate jagata jeno ApaNe anubhava karIe chIe te A be dharmonuM baneluM che. A be dharmonI pAchaLa dharmI hovo joIe. paraMtu te ApaNA jJAnanI maryAdAmAM Avato nathI. Ama mULa padArtha ajJeya che.A ja vicArane barkale tArkika rIte AgaLa For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 127 laI jatAM ema jaNAve che ke padArthanI sattAnuM hArda tenA pratyakSa jJAnamAM raheluM che. barkalenuM sUtra che ke "hovuM eTale anubhavavuM". laoNke darzAvelA dharmone barkale mAtra mAnasika AbhAsa jaNAve che. Ama barkalenA ciMtanamAM bAhya viSayamAMthI adhiSThAnano niSedha thAya che. paraMtu jJAtA - jJAnanuM adhiSThAna kAyama rahe che. hyuma AMtarabAhya sarva padArthane AbhAsarUpa mAne che. eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu adhiSThAnanA astitvane mAnavA mATe paNa saMzaya kare che. Ama laoNkathI AraMbhAyela A caturtha bhUmikA hyumanA ciMtanamAM AnaMdazaMkaranA mate "sakala vizva, AtmaanAtma sarva AbhAsa mAtra thaI rahyuM" (dharmavicAra-1, pR.116) te kevaLa AtmAnA astitvano niSedha karatI evI pazcimanA ciMtananI cothI bhUmikA jene AnaMdazaMkara vAmakhaMDa kahe che. (5) dazya jagatanI pAra anirvacanIya svataHsiddha padArtha AtmAnI bahAra hovA aMgenI vicAraNA : jJAnanA saMdarbhamAM kAnTa eka mULabhUta prazna Ubho kare che ane e che manuSya buddhinI jJAna meLavavAnI kSamatA keTalI ? kAnTanA ciMtana anusAra dRzya jagatanuM svarUpa, teno AkAra mAnavanA aMtaHkaraNathI nirmAyelo che. paraMtu dazyajagatanuM sattva ane svataHsiddhapaNuM aya ane anirvacanIya che. Ama kAnTanA ciMtanamAM dazya jagata AtmAnuM baneluM che. paNa A dazyajagatanI pAra paNa kaMIka anirvacanIya svataHsiddha padArtha rahelo che je AtmAnA pradezanI bahAra che. kAnTanA A siddhAMtamAM AnaMdazaMkara garbhita vaitavAda che ema jaNAve che. temanA mate pazcimanA vicAranI A pAMcamI bhUmikA che. (6) anAtmA AtmAnI ja upasthApanA che evI vicAraNA : kAnTanA daitavAdamAMthI ugaravA mATe philza anAtmatattvane AtmAnI ja upasthApanA tarIke svIkAre che. ahIM philvenuM jagata manovilAsa tarIke dRSTi sRSTivAda athavA ekajIvavAda prakArano advaitavAda che evuM AnaMdazaMkaranuM pratipAdana che. (7) - 'huM ane tenA dvatamAMthI samanvaya rUpe prApta thatuM advaita (dakSiNakhaMDa) : hegalanA ciMtanamAM AtmA ane anAtmAnA vaitamAMthI samanvayarUpe advaitaprApti thAya che. tene AnaMdazaMkara pazcimanA vicAranI sAtamI bhUmikAno dakSiNakhaMDa kahe che. - ajJeyavAdI vicAraNA (vAmakhaMDa) : pratyakSavAdI vicAraka oNgasTa kaoNpTa dazyamAna jagata pAchaLanuM adhiSThAna svIkAratA nathI. kAraNa je dekhAya che te ja che. A paNa AnaMdazaMkaranA mate eka prakArano vicAra che. alabatta kaoNpTa ane vedAMtamAM phera eTalo ja che ke koMSTa dRSyamAtrano svIkAra kare che ane adhiSThAnano niSedha kare che, jayAre vedAMta adhiSThAnano svIkAra kare che ane dazyano niSedha kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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128 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana harbarTa spensara adhiSThAnanA niSedhane svIkAratA nathI. paraMtu je bhAse che te joya che ane bhAsato padArtha ajJeya che. eTale ke je joya che te paricchedavAnuM che ane aya che te aparicchinna che. zeya sopAdhika che, ajJeya nirUpAdhika che. pazcimanA vicAranI A sAtamI bhUmikAne AnaMdazaMkara ajJeyavAdI vAma bhUmikA kahe che. - uparokta sAta bhUmikAo dvArA AnaMdazaMkara pAzcAtya tattvaciMtanamAM prApta thatI nityAnitya-vastu-vivekanI samajUtI Ape che. ane tyArabAda zaMkarasiddhAMtamAM prApta thatA nityAnitya vastuvivekanI samajUtI Ape che. AnaMdazaMkara anusAra "zaMkarAcArya brahmane vizeSAtIta mAne che, vizeSomAM anusmRta paNa mAne che, paNa vizeSyone mithyA mAnI brahmanI nirvizeSatAne abAdhita sthApe che. be tattva thakI para tRtIya tattva zodhI kADhavAnuM prayojana ja e che ke banne tattvanA dRSTibiMdune khoTAM samajI uccatara - tRtIya-daSTibiMdune prApta karavuM. jagatane satya mAnIne cAlanArA jeTalI bhUla kare che, teTalI jIvane ekalAne satya mAnIne cAlanArA paNa bhUla kare che. ekanuM jIvana aihikatAthI dUSita che, bIjAnuM manorAjaya mAtra che. baMne dRSTibiMduno samanvaya uccatara bhUmikAe caDhyA vinA azakya che ane e bhUmikAe caDhyA, eTale nIcenAM banne daSTibiMduo apUrNa arthAt brAmAtmaka siddha thayAM. A zaMkarAcAryano mAyAvAda." (dharmavicAra 1, pR.120) abhedAnubhavane pAmavA mATe AnaMdazaMkaranA mate samagra AtmAnI yogyatA jarUrI che. A vAta spaSTa karatAM teo jaNAve che ke: "brahmanI sarvAtmakatA mAtra buddhithI vA hRdayathI vA ekAda Indriya mAtrathI grahavAnI nathI, grahI zakAtI ja nathI, paNa samagra - akhaMDa - AtmA ja ene yathocita rahI zake che. mATe brahma koI paNa prakAranA mAtra buddhi - vilAsothI, ke hRdayanA aMdha uchALAothI ja, ke AMkha mIMcIne kartavya karyA karavAthI ja, ke dhArmika vRttithI eka devatAne sevavAthI, prApta thatuM nathI, enI prApti mATe to akhaMDa AtmAe adhikAra prApta karavo joIe." (dharmavicAra 1, pR.59) A adhikAra eTale nitya ane anitya vacce viveka karatAM zIkhavuM. A viveka sAthe vairAgya joDAvo joIe. eTale ke zamadama Adi sAdhana saMpatti dvArA viveka ane vairAgyane anusaratuM AcaraNa thavuM joIe. AcAramAM te pratyakSa thavuM joIe ane tenI sAthe mumukSutva, sarva saMsArane tyajI paramAtmAmAM virAma pAmavA, mukta thavAno mumukSutvano bhAva prApta thAya tyAre samagra AtmAnI yogyatA prApta thAya che. Ama, samagra AtmA brahmanI sarvAtmaktAthI vyApta bane te ja sAdhanAnI siddhi che. Ama zAMkaravedAMtamAM ApaNA anubhavomAM seLabheLa thaI gayelAM tattvone alaga pADavA For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 129 ane alaga anubhavavA e viveka che. ahIM e vicAraNIya muddo che ke AnaMdazaMkara dvArA prasthApita thayela pAzcAtya tattvaciMtananI bhUmikAo (temanA mate) nityAnitya vastuviveka ane AtmaanAtmavivekanI daSTie karavAmAM AvI che. A pAzcAtya tattvaciMtanane vedAMtanI paribhASAmAM mUkavAno eka prazasya prayatna che. ane tene AnaMdazaMkaranA pAzcAtya tattvaciMtananA viziSTa arthaghaTana rUpe jovuM joIe. paraMtu tAttvika dRSTie jotAM A samagra arthaghaTanamAM AnaMdazaMkara nitya-anityano taphAvata pADavo ane nitya-anityanA taphAvatanI anubhUtinityAnitya vastuviveka, Atma-anAtmaviveka, vairAgya, amadamAdi sAdhanasaMpatti ane mumukSutva dvArA anubhavavuM - A be vacce rahelA jJAnAtmaka taphAvatane bhUMsI nAkhe che. ahIM e vAta spaSTa karavI atyaMta jarUrI che ke AnaMdazaMkare ApelI pAzcAtya tattvaciMtananI vicAranI bhUmikAo kevaLa vaicArika taphAvatonuM ja nirUpaNa kare che. A taphAvatomAM vedAMtaprApta vivekano pAzcAtya vicAranI bhUmikAomAM sadaMtara abhAva che. eTale AnaMdazaMkare nirUpela vicAranI bhUmikAomAM bhale nityAnitya ke AtmAnAtmanA taphAvatanuM nirUpaNa avazya che. paraMtu temAM vedAMta apekSita viveka vicArano samAveza nathI. Ama vedAMtane sarvocca bhUmikAe prasthApita karavAmAM temaNe kareluM pAzcAtya vicAranuM arthaghaTana pAzcAtya vicArane paurvAtya vAghA paherAvavAno prayatna che. paraMtu A jAjavalyamAna vAghA je deha para paherAvAyA che te A vAghAne potAnA vicAra dorbalyane kAraNe paherI zake tema nathI. samagra carcAne AdhAre e vAta spaSTa thAya che ke zAMkaravedAMtamAM prasthApita viveka-nityaanitya vastu, Atma-anAtma vaccenA taphAvatone - jIvanamAM anuvAda karavAnI, anubhavavAnI prakriyA che, kevaLa vaicArika bheda nathI. pazcimamAM kevaLa vaicArika bhedo ja prasthApAyA che. A bhedone jIvanamAM utAravAnuM ciMtana tenI paddhati ke prakriyAnuM nirUpaNa AnaMdazaMkare nirUpela pAzcAtya tattvaciMtana vicAranI bhUmikAmAM prApta thatuM nathI. (2) jaDavAda ane caitanyavAda : vaijJAnika yugane pariNAme jIvana aMgenI manuSyanI paraMparAgata dRSTimAM AmUla parivartana AvyuM. vijJAne manuSyanI dharma ane samAjajIvana aMgenI mAnyatAomAM punaHvicAraNAnI pharaja pADI. pariNAme manuSyane lagatA tAttvika prazno paratve paNa navesarathI vicAraNA thavA lAgI. yaMtrayuganI asarathI dhIme dhIme jaDavAdano prabhAva samAjajIvanamAM vadhavA lAgyo. bhautika vijJAne jagata ane Izvara eTale ke jaDa ane caitanya aMge potAnuM svataMtra daSTibiMdu pragaTa karyuM, tethI tattvajJAnanA jIva, jagata ane IzvaranA svarUpa ane saMbaMdha aMgenA paraMparAgata khyAlo sAme aneka prazno UbhA thayA. ogaNIsamI sadInI zarUAtamAM iMglenDamAM pravartI rahelA jaDavAdanA prabaLa sAmarthyanAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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130 AnaMdazaMkara traNa kAraNo gaNAve che : AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (1) te samayamAM vijJAna dvArA jaDavAdanuM apUrva samarthana karavAmAM AveluM. (2) te samayamAM jaDavAdIonI nIti uttama hatI. (3) jaDavAdIo manuSyanA aihika kalyANa para samagra lakSa ApIne paropakAra karavAno ane lokahita siddha karavAno Agraha rAkhatA hatA. A traNe kAraNonI AnaMdazaMkara tAttvika samIkSA kare che. jaDavAda bhautika jagatane samajAve che. paraMtu mAnava astitva - tenI cetanAnI samajUtI jaDavAda dvArA ApI zakAtI nathI. vizeSe mAnavajAtine samajAvavA jaDavAda sakSama siddhAMta nathI. jaDavAda anusAra nIti vyaktigata banI rahe, temAMthI sAmUhika nIti phalita thaI zake nahi. A mATe AnaMdazaMkara spaSTapaNe kahe che ke, "jaDavAda lokonA aihika sukha upara samagra lakSa ApI, lokopakAra ane lokahita sAdhavA tarapha Agraha rAkhe che e kharuM paNa vyaktinA potAnA ja sukhathI na aTakatAM AkhI janatAnA ane te paNa bhaviSya sudhdhAMnA (vyakti karatAM vadhAre vizALa vastunA, ane vyaktinA potAnA maraNa pachInA) sukhane lakSa karavAmAM jaDavAdano tyAga nathI thato ?'' (dharmavicAra -1, pR.134) Ama, jaDavAda potAnA kSetrathI bahAra Ave eTale svAbhAvika rIte caitanyavAdamAM AvI paDe che. jaDavAdanI maryAdA batAvAtAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke "sAyansano pradeza maryAdita sAMkaDo che, sAyansamAM caitanyanA astitva ane svarUpa viSe nirNaya karavAnI zakti nathI, ane tethI caitanya vize e je je pralApa kare che e enA adhikAra bahAranA hoI nirarthaka che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.135) Ama, caitanyavAdIonI mukhya dalIla e che ke caitanyanA astitva ane svarUpano nirNAyaka AtmA che. ane e ja emAM pramANa che. jaDavAdanA niyamanA cokaThAmAM e baMdhAI rahe ema nathI. caitanyane jaDanI bahAra rAkhavAnI jaDavAdanI vetaraNa ja vAstavamAM AnaMdazaMkara mATe jaDavAdanA khaMDanano mArga che. Aja samayamAM bIjI taraphathI caitanyane jaDavAdanA adhikAranI bahAra na rAkhatAM, aMdara rAkhIne caitanyanA prazno vicAravAnuM valaNa zarU thayeluM tenI tapAsa AnaMdazaMkara kare che. A pakSanI dalIla e hatI ke jaDavAda durAgrahI, pUrNa satya tarapha AMkha mIMcanAro ane vijJAnanI potAnI ja satyazodhaka vRttithI UlaTo cAlanAro che. caitanyanA pradezanA ghaNA evA anubhavo che je vijJAnanA anubhavanA kSetramAM AvatA nathI. paraMtu e uparathI e anubhavone khoTA kahevA e vijJAnanI satyAnveSaNa buddhine chAjatuM nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva jo ke A baMne valaNo jaDavAdanuM khaMDana to kare che paraMtu caitanyavAdanuM saMtoSakAraka samarthana karI zakatA nathI evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. A saMdarbhamAM jaDavAdI vaijJAnikoe khristI saMpradAyanA cetanavAdanuM khaMDana karavA prayojelI dalIlo AnaMdazaMkara tapAse che. khristI saMpradAya ema mAne che ke caitanya padArthanI utpatti laukika kAraNamAM nathI, paNa Izvara adhIna che, ane e kAryakAraNanA jaDa niyamanI bahAra che. AnI sAme jaDavAdIo nIce pramANe caitanyanA udbhava vize potAnA mato vyakta kare cheH (1) caitanyanA udbhavano eka tarka e che ke, pRthvI jyAre ati pracaMDa uSNa padArthamaya hatI te vakhate jo ke tenA para caitanyanuM astitva azakya hatuM. Ama chatAM e jyAre zItaLa thaI ane cetanane rahevA lAyaka thaI te vakhate enA upara koIka kharatA tArA sAthe bahArathI cetana padArtha Avyo haze ane e rIte cetananI vastI banI haze. 131 (2) prasiddha jaMtu vidyAcArya pezvaranI zodhathI have ema samajAvA mAMDyuM hatuM ke jyAM cetananA astitvano leza paNa saMbhava nathI tyAM paNa asaMkhya cetanavRMdo bharyAM hoya che. - to pracaMDa uSNatAnI vacce paNa vilakSaNa sUkSma cetana jaMtuo vasatAM hoya to Azcarya nahi. (3) jaDamAMthI ja krame krame svAbhAvika rIte ja cetana vikasI Ave che. jaDa kAraNanA niyamothI jeno khulAso na thaI zake evuM cetana kAMI vilakSaNa kArya nathI. jaDavAdIonA uparokata matothI khristI saMpradAyanA cetanA IzvaranuM kartRtva che e siddhAMtanuM khaMDana thAya che paraMtu A dvArA cetanavAdanuM khaMDana thatuM nathI. jaDanA niyamathI ja cetanano saghaLo khulAso thaI jAya che e hajI sudhI asiddha che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. A uparAMta vijJAnanA vikAsane kAraNe e siddha thayuM che ke cita ane jaDanI vacce bhedaka dharmarUpa manAtI gati e cita ane jaDamAM sAdhAraNa che. tethI jaDa ane cita vacce manAtuM eka moTuM aMtara bhAgyuM ane vizvanuM upAdAna kAraNa paramANu karatAM ghaNuM dUra che ema pratipAdita thavA mAMDyuM. AnaMdazaMkara A saMdarbhamAM prasiddha sRSTizAstrI hekalanA vicAro tapAse che. "hekala anusAra caitanyavAdIo, jaDa ane cetanane ekabIjAthI judA be svataMtra padArtho mAne che e taddana bhUla che. vizvamAM eka akhaMDa padArtha bharyo che, jemAMthI krame krame jaDa ane cetana udbhave che. cetana e jaDanA vikAsakramamAM eka AgaLanuM pagathiyuM cheH vizvamAM be sUtra nathI, eka ja sUtra che; ane e sUtramAM koIpaNa prakAranI gAMTha ke tUTa nathI." (dharmavicAra - pR.137) 1, For Personal & Private Use Only

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132 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana paraMtu AnaMdazaMkara cetanane jaDanA vikAsa kramanuM ja eka AgaLanuM prasthAna mAnatA nathI. teo to jaDa ane cetana baMne eka ja prakRtinA judA judA AvirbhAvo rUpe gaNAve che. ane tenA samarthana mATe AnaMdazaMkara bhagavadgItAne TAMke che. bhUmirApo'nalo vAyuH khaM mano buddhireva ca / ahaMkAra itIyaM me bhinnA prakRtiraSTadhA / / etadyonIni bhUtAni sarvANItyupadhAraya / apareyamitastvanyAM prakRtiM viddhi me parAm / navamUtAM mahIvAdo thayeluM dhAryate gat II (bhagavadgItA, adhyAya-7, zloka. 4,5,6) tAtparya - pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, mana, buddhi ane aMhakAra ema ATha prakAranI paramAtmAnI aparA prakRti che. e sarvathI atirikta je "jIva' e enI parA prakRti che. - je parA prakRti vaDe A jagata astitva dharAvI rahyuM che. sarva bhUtamAtra A aivadha prakRtimAMthI utpanna thayAM che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate : "ubhayamAM eka ja tattva parovAyeluM che-e tattva e ubhayathI vizAla, ubhayanuM vyApaka saMgrAhaka, tattva : paramAtmA pote ja" (dharmavicAra -1, pR.139) vartamAna yugamAM jaDavAda dvArA caitanyano khulAso karavAnA dAvA thAya che. te sAthe caitanyavAdIoe jaDavAdIonI dalIlonA samartha radiyA paNa ApelA che. jaDavAdIonuM kahevuM che ke vaijJAnika rIte mAtra eTaluM ja siddha thaI zake ema che ke A sarva jagata prakRti (Matter) ane zakti ke skUrti (energy)nuM baneluM che. jene ApaNe cita kahIe chIe te eno ja vikAra che. AnI sAme AnaMdazaMkara caitanyavAdI vaijJAnikonI dalIlo tapAse che. ane zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaita anusAra cetanavAdanuM samarthana prApta kare che. advaita to jaDamAM paNa jIva jeTaluM ja brahma sabhara bharyuM che, pramAtA ane prameya baMnemAM eka ja brahma vilase che ema kahI caitanya svarUpa brahmane ja svIkAre che. AnaMdazaMkare jaDavAdanI viruddha evA mahAna cetanavAdI vaijJAnika sara olivara lojanA eka AkhA lekhanuM bhASAMtara karI mUkelo che. temAMthI parokSa rIte AnaMdazaMkaranuM jaDavAda ane cetanavAda vizenuM dRSTibiMdu sphaTa thAya che. olivara loja potAnA lekhamAM prasiddha jIvavidyAzAstrI (Biologist) pro. hakalanA "The Riddle of Universe"mAM temaNe karelI jaDavAdanA samarthananI dalIlonI sAme potAnA cetanavAdI vicAro rajU kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 133 jaDavAdI hekale prakRtimAMthI jaDa utpanna thayuM che ane jaDamAMthI cetana utpanna thayuM che evo krama svIkAryo che. AnaMdazaMkara A utpatti kramane advaitaprakRtivAda (Monisim), eTale ke prakRti sivAya bIjuM kAMI ja nathI evo vAda tarIke oLakhAve che. kema ke emAM prakRtithI alaga puruSacaitanya mAnavAmAM AvatuM nathI tethI tenI gaNanA jaDavAdamAM karI zakAya. olivara loje hekalanA A advaitaprakRtivAda (Monisim) ne tattvajJAnanA aMta siddhAMtathI judo gaNyo che. lojanA mate, tattvajJAnanuM advaita te (sAyansanI rItie) siddha thaI cUkeluM nathI, paNa sAdhya che, tattvajJAnanI bhaviSyanI bhAvanA-sAyansathI siddha thavAno -grAha che : je aMtima sAdhya siddha karavA mATe tattvajJAna (Philosophy) yatna kare che, paNa tene potAnI rItie siddha karyAno bhautikazAstra (Physical Science) jarA paNa dAvo karI zake ema nathI. enuM kAraNa e che ke, bhautikazAstra hajI to rAsAyaNika tattvo (Chemical elements)nI ekatA paNa bhAgye ja siddha karI che. hajI e zAstra dhIme dhIme AgaLa vadhaze. paNa tattvajJAnanI daSTie joIe chIe to, vaitavAda ApaNane saMtoSa ApI zakato nathI. chevaTe vastusthitimAM advaita ja hovuM joIe ema AgaLa daSTi nAkhIne mAnavAnuM sarvane mana thAya che. A daSTi kharI rIte tattvajJAnanI che, sAyansanI nathI. sAyansanA mANase A hada oLaMgI javI, ane Aja sudhI je pradezamAM tattvajJAnanuM ja sAmrAjya cAlyuM che temAM sAyansane hake rAjaya karavAno dAvo karavo-e to sAyansanA baMdhananI khIlI ukheDI nAkhI, lagAma sudhdhAM nAzI javA jevuM thAya che. AnuM pariNAma e nIpaje che ke anirvAcya ane gUDha pradezamAM - jyAM sAyansa banI zakatuM nathI- emAM bhUlo paDe che, athavA to e tattvajJAnanI paribhASAno durupayoga kare che ane ene bhraSTa kare che. (dharmavicAra -1, pR.412) hakalanA mukhya siddhAMtone laoNja be vibhAgamAM vaheMce che : (1) prANa (Life), prayatna (Will) ane prajJA athavA buddhi (Consciousness)e jaDano vikAra che. (2) je vastu nitya-sata hoya e ja paramArtha - satya che. laoNja kahe che ke, hekalano pahelo siddhAMta sAyansanI hAlanI mAnyatAthI viruddha che. kema ke hajI sudhI sAyansanA siddhAMta pramANe jIvamAMthI ja jIva nIpajI zake che. jaDa enI meLe potAnAmAMthI caitanya na upajAvI zake. hakalano bIjo siddhAMta paramArtha sata aMgenI vAta kare che je vijJAnanA kSetranI bahAra che. jaDa padArthamAM satata gatirUpI baLa che ane e zakti vaDe enI gati thAya che e jaDavAdanI vAtane laoNja svIkAre che. paraMtu tenI maryAdA darzAvatAM laoNja kahe che ke, e baLamAM svataMtra niyAmaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana zakti nathI. ethI bhaviSyano vicAra jaDa padArtha upara asara karato nathI, pahelethI vicArI rAkhelA mArge e jatuM nathI, prathamathI nakkI karelA uddezya sthAnane te zodhatuM nathI. Ama, racanA hetu e cetananuM AMtaratattva che ema kahI laoNja cit tattvano khulAso karatAM kahe che ke, "jaDa e citanuM sAdhana ane Azraya che, cit deha dhAraNa karIne A paridRzyamAna jagatanI sAthe vyavahAramAM Utare che ane e rIte jagatanA niyamanuM ane vyavasthAnuM tattva pUruM pADe che, arthAt e vaDe jagata amuka uddeza tarapha dorAya che; jaDanI buddhi bharI racanAmAM citra deha dhAraNa kare che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.422) Ama, citazakti dehavata thaIne uddeza tarapha doravAno potAno dharma bajAve che evo laoNjano mata che. laoNjanA A vicAramAM AnaMdazaMkare potAnuM dRSTibiMdu garbhita rIte vaNI lIdhuM che. te nIce pramANe spaSTa karI zakAya : * cetananA vikAra sAthe sAthe jaDa zarIramAM vikAra thAya che. e uparathI jaDa zarIra e cetanAnA vyApAranuM taMtra che, sAdhana che, ethI vadhAre phalita thaI zake nahi. * jaDa ane cetananA dvatano khulAso karavo paDe che e ja batAve che ke baMne atyaMta bhinna che. tethI jaDa cetananuM kAraNa hoI zake nahiM. jaDamAM pahelethI ja gUDharUpe cetana hatuM ema kahevuM e to jaDa upara cetananuM prAdhAnya svIkAravA barAbara che. kAraNake cetana ja potAnA prayojana mATe jaDa dvArA vyApAra kare che. (dharmavicAra -2, pR.415) A uparAMta Adhunika vijJAnanA vikAsane kAraNe sRSTiviSayaka satyomAM AvelA AmUla parivartanonA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara caitanyavAdanuM samarthana prApta karavAno prayatna kare che. vikToriyana sAyansanA yaMtravAda pramANe jaDa vastu eTale deza-kALamAM rahetuM dravya. ahIM dravya- deza-kALa e traNa padArthone maulika mAnI cAlavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. vikToriyana yuganI A mAnyatAmAM Adhunika yugamAM AmUla pheraphAra thayA che. kAraNake jaDanuM pRthakkaraNa karatAM jaDadravya e vastumAtranA taLamAM rahelo eka padArtha (Substance) manAtuM maTI gayuM. ane AInsTAInanA sApekSavAda mujaba deza ane kALanuM vivecana karatAM e baMne svataMtra padArtho nathI ema spaSTa thayuM. AthI vizva eka yaMtra che e mAnyatA eka bhrama sAbita thaI che. Ama, jaDavAda sAme sauthI moTo prahAra Adhunika vijJAnazAstrano che ema AnaMdazaMkara temanA nibaMdha 'navAM darzana'mAM jaNAve che. A aMgenA temanA vicArone saMkSepamAM nIce mujaba mUkyA che. (dharmavicAra -1, pR.140 thI 146) For Personal & Private Use Only

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dArzanika ciMtanavizva 135 * "jaDavAde" svIkArela dravya (matter) no khyAla ja hAla badalAI gayo che, kAraNake dravya pahelAM mAnatA hatA tevA paramANunuM baneluM nathI, paNa e to mAtra be bhinna prakAranA vidyuaNunI racanAothI baneluM che. eTale dravya jevuM kaMI rahetuM nathI. mAtra zakti ja rahe che. * vijJAna ethI paNa AgaLa jAya che. deza ane kALa paNa koI svataMtra vAstavika tattvo nathI, mAtra sApekSa che. vaLI deza ane kALa paNa ApaNe mAnIe chIe tevA bhinna nathI, eka ja satanAM be bhinna svarUpo che, ane deza-kAla nAmano, eka ja caturmAna padArtha sata svarUpa che. * deza-kALa e vastunuM upAdAna kAraNa che arthAt vastuo deza-kALamAMthI prakaTa thAya che. jema sarovaranI jaLanI laherIo e sarovarano tathA enA dravyarUpa jalarAzino bhAga che. te ja pramANe jaDa-vastu-bhUtamAtra-anapekSa, adazya ane ajaDa evo deza-kALa nAmaka vastuno bhAga che. dareka padArtha tArA, pRthvI, huM, tame sarve-deza-kALa nAmaka mahodadhinA taraMgo chIe.: eka ja mULabhUta sanA rUpa vA prakAra chIe. Adhunika pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanA ATalA vivecana pachI AnaMdazaMkara arvAcIna tattvajJAnanI vicAra prakriyAnI dizA spaSTa karI Ape che. (1) arvAcIna tattvajJAnanuM eka lakSaNa e gaNI zakAya ke tattvajJAna vijJAnanI bhUmikA upara racavAmAM Ave che. temAM ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke te jaDamAMthI jIvana tarapha ane jIvanamAMthI adhyAtma tarapha pragati kare che. (2) arvAcIna yugamAM tattvajJAnIo jagatanuM svarUpa sthirane badale gatimAna mAnavA lAgyA che. (3) jUnA jamAnAno jaDavAda nAza pAmyo che. vAstavavAda viSenI e yuganI je sAmAnya samaja hatI e paNa nAza pAmI che. (4). arvAcIna vAstavavAda e vicAravAda-cetanavAda tarapha DhaLI rahyo che ane kyAreka to ajJAta rIte emAM pravezI paNa jAya che. (5) amUrtanI vyakta sattA tarIke gaNanA thAya che. samagra carcAnA upasaMhAra rUpe kahI zakAya ke vijJAnanA Adhunika siddhAMtothI tattvajJAna paNa prabhAvita thayuM ane pariNAme arvAcIna pAzcAtya tattvajJAna paNa paddhati saMbaMdhI matAgrahathI pIDAvA lAgyuM. Adhunika pAzcAtya ciMtakonI A maryAdA sAme tattvanuM kharuM svarUpa samajAvatAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana AnaMdazaMkara yogya ja kahe che : ema kahI zakAya ke pAzcAtya tattvajJAnane kevalAdvaitanI vicAraNAnI dRSTithI vadhu sArI rIte samajI zakAya tevo vaicArika puruSArtha AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM jovA maLe che. "tattvanuM kharuM svarUpa kevala dhruva ke kevala gatimAna nathI, paNa gati ke vikAramAM rahelI sthiratA che. vikAranA aMtaramAM rahelI ekatA che. ane pariNAmavAdano siddhAMta ke vikAra AgaMtuka nathI, paNa vastunA svarUpamAM gUDha rUpe rahelo hato. e siddhAMtane ullaMghI zakAya ema nathI. Ama mAnavAthI philasUphInI ghaNI gAMTho UkalavAno saMbhava che. 0 0 0 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ItihAsa ciMtana eka dArzanikanI Dhabe AnaMdazaMkara ItihAsa zuM che? evo tAttvika prazna Ubho kare che. A praznanA prApta uttaronuM vivecana karI ItihAsa aMge potAnuM AgavuM darzana rajU kare che. sAmAnya rIte evuM manAya che ke ItihAsa eTale azAzvatano arIso. navalarAmanI prasiddha paMktio che : ItihAsanI ArasI sAhI, meM joyuM mAhI, thira thAvara dIThuM na kAMI, pharatI che chAMI" ItihAsa kevaLa ghaTanAonA pratirUpo sarjato mAtra arIso hoI zake ? Avo tAttvika prazna AnaMdazaMkara Ubho kare che. jagatanA padArthonuM niHsatva ane nazvara svabhAvanuM Alekhana e ItihAsa hoI zake ? ItihAsamAM arthagAMbhIrya ane kAryakAraNabhAva ghuMTAyelo hovo joIe. anyathA ItihAsa e asaMbaMdha banAvonI noMdhapothIthI vizeSa kazuM na rahe. prakRtinI ghaTanAo jo kAryakAraNanA niyamathI baMdhAyela che, to manuSya temAM vikalpa na hoI zake. prakRti karatAM AnaMdazaMkaranA mate : manuSya jeTalo vizeSa adbhuta che ane enuM mAnasika baMdhAraNa vizeSa durgama che, teTalI enI kRtio vizeSa camatkAraka ane gUDha dekhAya che - paNa vastutaH e kAryakAraNanA niyamanI bahAra nathI. e niyama ukelavo game teTalo kaThaNa hoya, paNa vastu sthitimAM e niyama pravarte che emAM saMzaya nathI to pachI e niyama zo che e zodhavAnI -enI gahanatAthI jarA paNa parAsta na thatAM zodhavAnI - ApaNI pharaja che." (sAhityavicAra (1957), pR.562,563) A zodhanA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara nIcenA matonI samIkSAtmaka tapAsa kare che : (1) manuSya ItihAsa mAtra jagatanA mahAna puruSonA jIvanacaritrono samudAya che: vikToriyana yuganA lekhaka kArlAilano A mata che. A mata anusAra mahAna puruSo For Personal & Private Use Only

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138 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana potAnA temaja bhaviSyanA ItihAsamAM je prabaLa asara AMke che te hakIkatano ItihAsanA A svarUpa dvArA khulAso maLe che. ItihAsanA A svarUpane UMDANathI tapAsatAM e vAta spaSTa thAya che ke mahAna puruSo bhaviSyanA yugane asara kare che. paraMtu enI sAthe sAthe e paNa sAcuM che ke teo bhUtakALanA putro ane vartamAnanA baMdhuo che. mahAna puruSo enA bhUtakALa ane vartamAnathI pUrNapaNe svataMtra hotA nathI. mahAna puruSone asara karanAra aneka ghaTako hoya che. tethI kevaLa temanA jIvana-caritrane ja ItihAsarjananuM kAraNa mAnI karAto khulAso kAraNonuM ane kAryakAraNa saMbaMdhonuM adhUruM anveSaNa che. khaMDane samagra mAnavAno doSa ahIM jovA maLe che. (2) ItihAsanA rahasyone ukelavAnI cAvI e jaDa prakRti ane tenA vividha AvirbhAvo che : A mata ItihAsa ciMtaka bakalano che. prAkRtika taphAvato ja mAnavanI samagra cAlanAnuM kendra che. ahIM bhUmi-vAtAvaraNa ane mAnavaguNo vacce kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha che ema sthApita thAya che. vAstavikatA e che ke jaDa prakRti ja caitanyanuM saMcAlaka baLa nathI. kAraNa mAnava caitanya e daizika upAdhithI para che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate - "jaDa prakRtinA sAmA vaheNe taravAnuM enAmAM sAmarthya che, ane tethI prakRtinA jaDa niyamothI caitanyanA vilAsano khulAso karavo azakaya che." (sAhityavicAra (1957), pR.pa66) manuSyano ItihAsa samAja, rAjanIti, ane te dvArA nirmAyelI saMsthAonI nIpaja che : samAja ane rAjanItinI saMsthAo ItihAsanuM kAraNa che. saMsthAone kAraNarUpa mAnavAmAM manuSya pote ja kAraNarUpa bane che. hakIkata e che ke ItihAsa saMsthAomAMthI phalita thavAne badale saMsthAo ja ItihAsamAMthI phalita thAya che. AmAMthI saMsthAnI sudhAraNA e ja sarva kalyANanI cAvI che evo mata rajU thAya che. vAstavamAM AnA pAyAmAM rahelo ItihAsa vicAra e ja vAtanI pratIti karAve che ke manuSyano ItihAsa e samAja, rAjanIti ane te dvArA nirmAyelI saMsthAonI nIpaja che. (4) paristhiti ane jarUriyAta mAnava ItihAsanuM sarjana kare che : A mata spensarano che. navI paristhiti, navI jarUriyAto ane navI saMsthA A traNeya eka dizAmAM surekha rIte jAya che. prazna e che ke jUnI saMsthAonA pUrNa uccheda upara navI saMsthAnA akSaro maMDAya che? A asatamAMthI satane upajAvavAnI azakta prakriyA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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ItihAsa ciMtana - (5) paristhitine saMsthAonI para jaI kAraNa mAnavuM e bhUlabhareluM che. ItihAsa e mANasanI paristhitine vaLoTI javAnI prakriyA che. kAraNa AnaMdazaMkara mAne che ke, "manuSya kAMI mATIno loco nathI ke ene kAlacakra upara caDhAvI, agara hAthe TapalAM mArI phAve tevo AkAra - paristhiti upajAvI zakAya". (sAhityavicAra (1957), pR.567) vAstavamAM paristhiti e manuSyanI aMdara dAkhala thaI enA jIvana upara asara kare che. e jIvanasthitinI utpatti e ja ItihAsano AdhAra che. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke : "gRha-dravya-rAjya-sAhitya-kalA-philasUphI vagere je je manuSya sudhArAnAM tattvo utpanna thAya che e bhaviSya-arthAt ItihAsa ghaDavAmAM samartha bhAga le che." (sAhityavicAra (1957), pR.568) Ama, AnaMdazaMkaranA mate ItihAsa eka saMkula saMkalpanA che. temAM vyApaka rIte kahIe to sthULa ane AMtarika baMne paristhitio samAviSTa che. kevaLa sthULa zaktio ja ItihAsa mATe nirNAyaka nathI. bAhya ane AMtara jagatano saMsparza enAthI ja ItihAsanI saMracanA thatI hoya che. 139 ItihAsa jagata upara amApa asara choDI janAra mAnavano AMtara saMsparza che. tenAmAM rahelI sthULa zakti prabaLa ane amApa che. te jagatanA ItihAsa upara amaryAda asaro upajAve che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate manuSyamAtramAM vyApta samaSTicaitanya ane enA AvirbhAvo ItihAsamAM satata thayA karatA hoya che. A samaSTicaitanya eTale akho kahe che tema 'Apopu'arthAt Atmatva. A samaSTicaitanyanI saMkalpanAne spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che ke : "e samaSTicaitanya te jaDa prakRti nathI, tema jagatanA chUTAchavAyA mahAna puruSo paNa nathI. vaLI te te saMsthAo pUratI janahitanI vyavasthAo paNa e nathI. e sarva che ane sarvathI adhika che. saunI aMtara ane sauthI pAra virAjatuM jagatanuM antaryAmI parama caitanya te e che. e deza, kAla ane svabhAvarUpa upAdhi grahaNa karI ItihAsamAM prakaTa thAya che. e rAsezvaranI lIlA svataMtra che, paNa unmatta nathI : enI lIlAmAM amuka niyamo prakaTa thAya che, ene samajavA, ene anuvartavuM, ane e rIte mAnava unnatino rAsa gUMthatA cAlavuM, e dareka gopa - gopikAno adhikAra ane kartavya che." (sAhityavicAra (1957), pR.576,577) Ama, ItihAsa e paristhitinI bhomakAmAM AtmatattvanuM vikasita thatuM prasphuTana che, ane A prasphuTana karavuM e mAnava mAtrano adhikAra ane kartavya che. A AnaMdazaMkaranuM ItihAsa darzana che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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(1) dharmanI saMkalpanA dharma ane tattvajJAnanI ekatA : AnaMdazaMkara dharma ane tattvajJAnane abhinna gaNe che. dharmanA satyone tapAsavAnuM kArya tattvajJAna kare che to tattvajJAna dvArA saMpAdita satyone jIvanamAM dhAraNa karavA tene AdhAre jIvanane TakAvavuM e dharmanuM kArya che. da AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana Ama, banne ekabIjAnA pUraka che. bhAratIya saMskRtimAM ciMtana ane dharma e be pRthak tattvo nathI paNa eka ja caitatyanI vaicArika ane Anubhavika abhivyaktio che. tattvajJAna e kevaLa vaicArika svairavihAra nathI. paraMtu jIvanamAM ane jIvana dvArA vahetuM ciMtana che. A dRSTi dvArA tattvajJAna ane ciMtana pRthak nahi paNa parasparamAM anusUta che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate "tattvajJAna e saMsArane vilokavAnI eka dRSTi che ane te jema jJAnIne siddha che tema ApaNA sahune sAdhya che ane Avazyaka che.....A dRSTie manuSyanuM baMdhAraNa, eno paridazyamAna vizva sAthe saMbaMdha, enI svAbhAvika pravRtti nivRttinI bhAvanAo ItyAdi sarva vicAra tattvajJAnanA peTAmAM paDe che." (sAhityavicAra, pR.106-107) TUMkamAM tattvajJAna jIvana samagrane saMbodhe che ane tenA satyane pAmavA prayatna kare che. dharma A vaicArika satyane jIvanamAM daDhAvavAno ane jIvana dvArA pragaTa karavAno prayatna che. A STie AnaMdazaMkaranA mate "dharma eTale jenA vaDe A bAhya jagata ane aMtarAtmA banne dhAraNa thAya che te tattva" (dharma vicAra -1, pR.649) AthI ja AnaMdazaMkaranA mate dharma e sata rUpa che. je ApaNA samagra jIvanane AvRtta kare che. ApaNA jIvanane - samagra vyavahA2ne vyApI tene zuddha ane jIvaMta banAve che. dharmanA viSaya bhAga H dharmano viSaya vizAla che, te anurUpa asaMkhya graMthomAM tenuM jJAna AvirbhUta thAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only 1

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 141 tethI tenA abhyAsanI saraLatA khAtara AnaMdazaMkara tenA viSaya bhAga karavAnuM kahe che. vyApaka arthamAM ApaNe jene dharma kahIe chIe tene AnaMdazaMkara traNa bhAgamAM vaheMce che : (dharmavicAra -1, pR.17). (1) tattvaciMtana (Philosophy) jemAM mukhya traNa bhAga paDe che. tattvamImAMsA, nItizAstra ane sauMdaryazAstra. temAMthI prathama bene AnaMdazaMkara prakRta viSayamAM savizeSa upayogI mAne che. (2) kavitA (Poetry). eTale pUrvokta viSayanuM hRdaya dvArA samAlocana. prakRti ane manuSya AtmAnA vividha svabhAva varNanamAM kavipratibhA je paratattvanuM darzana karAve che te. brahmavidyA tathA vizeSa arthamAM dharma (Theology)-UniversalaneParticular): eTale jagatanA mahAna dharma pravartako ane brahmavettAo (tArkiko ke zabdArthamImAMsako nahi) temaNe prakRta viSayamAM AcAra ane vicAra dvArA pragaTa karelA parama satya tathA e satyanA prAdurbhAvanAM vizeSa svarUpo. Ama, tattvamImAMsA, nItimImAMsA, kavipratibhA ane brahmavidyA jene AnaMdazaMkara sarva vidyAomAM paramavidyA kahe che. evA dharmanA vividha viSayabhAga karI tene vyApaka arthamAM samajavAnI AvazyakatA AnaMdazaMkara batAve che. dharmanI abhyAsa paddhatio: uparokta traNe viSayano saMpUrNa abhyAsa eka manuSya jIvanamAM prApta karavo azakya che. tethI, krame krame zAMtithI, daDhatAthI ane paddhati anusAra A mArge AgaLa vadhavAnuM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che. paramakoTinA tattvaciMtako, kavio, dharmapravartako ane brahmavettAonA mukhya mukhya graMthonA abhyAsathI A mArge ghaNuM siddha thaI zake ema che. AvA adhyayana mATe AnaMdazaMkara traNa paddhatio darzAve che : (dharmavicAra -1, pR.18) (1) aitihAsika paddhati (Historical Method) tattvajJAnano tathA brahmavidyA (dharma)no pravAha bhinna bhinna dezomAM, kALamAM ane avAMtara viSaya paratve kevI rIte pravaryo che. e aitihAsika daSTibiMdue, kAraNa sahita samajAvavA prayatna karavo tene AnaMdazaMkara aitihAsika paddhati kahe che. arthAtu dezavAra, samayavAra, viSayavAra, prakRta viSayanuM samagra aitihAsika svarUpa dhyAnamAM levuM. A uparAMta For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana vikAsa paNa aitihAsika krame ja cAlato hovAthI vikAsa (Evolution) paddhationo samAveza paNa AnaMdazaMkara aitihAsika paddhatimAM kare che. (2) tolana paddhati (Comparative Method) vividha dezanA ane vividha kALanA vicAra svarUpone sarakhAvI temAMthI sAmAnya ane vizeSa tattvo tAravavAnI prakriyAne AnaMdazaMkara tolana paddhati kahe che. (3) nigamana paddhati (Deductive Method) svataMtra rIte vastunA mUla svarUpamAMthI ja prastuta viSayamAM siddhAMto upajAvI kADhI tenI madadathI tAttvika ane Akasmika aMzono bheda tAravavAnI paddhatine AnaMdazaMkara nigamana paddhati kahe che. Ama, yogya adhikAra meLavI uparokta paddhationI madadathI dharmanA viSayanuM adhyayana karavuM joIe. dharmanA viSayamAM zraddhA ane zaMkA : bAhya jagata ane aMtarAtmA baMnenA adhiSThAna rUpe dharma sarvane dhAraNa karanAra paramatattva bane che. A daSTie dharma e cetanano paryAya che. dharmane jo anubhava siddha tattva tarIke svIkArIe to zraddhAnA svarUpane paNa samajavuM joIe. 'zraddhA ane zaMkA' evA eka lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkare dharmanA viSayamAM zraddhA ane zaMkAnuM svarUpa samajAvyuM che. AtmajJAnanA mArgamAM saMzaya aDacaNarUpa mAnavAmAM Ave che. zraddhA e ja paramapuruSArtha siddha karavAnuM mukhya sAdhana che. Ama chatAM jo zraddhAnA upayoga paratve viveka karavAmAM na Ave to te kyAre aMdhazraddhAmAM ke duSTa saMzayamAM sarI paDe te kahI zakAtuM nathI. A saMdarbhamAM AtmajJAnane anukULa zraddhAnuM svarUpa AnaMdazaMkare spaSTa karyuM che. jJAna ane nItinA kSetramAM rahelI manuSyanI zraddhA e AtmajJAnane anukULa zraddhA che evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. prakRtinI ekarUpatA ane naitikavyavasthAmAM rahelI mAnavanI zraddhAnuM svarUpa AnaMdazaMkara samajAve che. Uniformity of Nature uparanI zraddhA : manuSyane zraddhA na hoya to enI pravRtti ja saMbhave nahi. amuka padArtha amuka prakArano vastutaH che ema mAnIne ja - arthAt zraddhApUrvaka ja manuSya sarva vyavahAra kare che. vijJAna paNa kAryakAraNanA mahAniyama upara zraddhA rAkhIne ja kArya kare che. je sthaLe kAryakAraNano bhaMga thato jaNAya tyAM paNa 'vijJAna' niyama mATe zaMkA na dharAvatAM e sthaLa vizeSane bhrAMtijanaka mAne che. athavA to bhaviSyamAM judo khulAso thaze ema zraddhA rAkhe che. paraMtu kAlatrayamAM kAryakAraNanA niyamane bAdha thAya ema zaMkA udbhavatI nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 143 Moral Government paranI zraddhA : jagatanI vyavasthAmAM puNyano jaya ane pApano kSaya e niyama paNa sarvadA pratIta thato na jaNAya to paNa vyakti temaja samaSTinI savRtti ane unnatti (Virtue and Civilization or Progress) upara jaNAvyA te niyamanI zraddhAthI ja saMbhave che. Ama jenA upara manuSyanA jJAnano ane unnatisaMpAdaka sadAcArano AdhAra che evA Uniformity of Nature and Moral Government uparanI manuSyanI zraddhAne AnaMdazaMkara mokSane anukULa zraddhA mAne che. AvI manuSya svarUpanA baMdhAraNanA mULamAM ja je zraddhA rahI che te vinAnI zraddhAne AnaMdazaMkara aMdhazraddhA, ke jaDa padArthanI zraddhA tarIke oLakhAve che. cetananI zraddhA sakAraNa ane vivekajanya hoya che. jyAre game te vastune ke game te vAkyane vagara vicAryuM vaLagavuM tene teo jaDazraddhA tarIke oLakhAve che. - cetananI - dharmanI rahasyamayatAnA bauddhika khulAsA meLavavA tarapha manuSya sakriya bane che. tenuM kAraNa mAnavabuddhimAM jAgatI zaMkA ja che. AvI zaMkA zraddhAne upakAraka thaI paDe che. paraMtu je prazno astitvamAtrane nakAravAnuM ja kare evA prakAranA praznomAM rahelI zaMkAne AtmAnA roga tarIke oLakhAvAya che. A prakAranI zaMkA manuSyane pramAdI banAve che. bhagavadgItAmAM saMzayAtmA vinazyati (bhagavadagItA, 4-40) AvA AtmAonA saMdarbhamAM ja kahevAmAM AvyuM che. ajJAnamAMthI jJAnamAM praveza karavA manuSya hRdaya satata talase che. ane tethI ja tenA cittamAM prazno jAge che. AvI jJAnamUlaka zaMkAne AnaMdazaMkara IcchavA yogya mAne che. AnaMdazaMkara ahI zaMkAnI yogyatA pramANatA kahe che : "prazna thavA ja na devo e AtmAne jaDa gaNavA samAna che. vaLI, zaMkAno khulAso karavAne badale ene baLAtkAre dAbI mUkavI e AtmAmAM kacaro ekaTho karavA jevuM che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 27) dharmano udbhava ane vikAsa: mAnavajIvanamAM dharmanA uddabhava ane vikAsa aMge aneka parasparathI virodhI mato jovA maLe che. AnaMdazaMkara A vividha matone kRtrima Therave che ane manuSya jIvanamAM dharma e svabhAvasiddha temaja vicArasiddha prakriyA che ema siddha kare che. dharmanA udbhava aMgenA vividha mato nIce pramANe che : (1) lokAyata matavALA dharmane dhUrtajanoe kalpelI vyavasthA mAne che. (2) pAzcAtya tattvaciMtaka plini dharma kevala azakita ane bhayamAMthI ja utpanna thAya che ane A jagatathI para Izvara evo padArtha hoya to paNa enuM jJAna thavuM sarvathA azakya che ema mAne che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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144 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana (3) vartamAna samayamAM yuropanA keTalAka anizvaravAdI tathA jaDavAdI vidvAnoe dharmanI utpatti saMbaMdhe anekAneka kalpanAo racI che. temano sAmAnya rIte evo mata che ke dharma e eka vakhata upayogI vyavasthA hatI, kadAca hajI paNa upayogI che ema kahI zakAya, paNa emAM yathArthatAnuM ke AvazyakatAnuM koI tattva nathI. dhArmika khyAlo manuSyane sAmAjika niyaMtraNamAM rAkhavA mATe mAtra upayogI yuktiothI vizeSa kaMI nathI. (4) keTalAkanA mate svapnanA anubhavamAMthI pretanI, pretamAMthI AtmAnI ane AtmAmAMthI paramAtmAnI kalpanA thaI ane emAMthI dharmanI utpatti che. keTalAka kahe che ke jaMgalI avasthAmAM manuSyane prakRtinA saMkSobhaka banAvo joIne bhaya utpanna thAya che temAMthI dharmano udaya che. (6) keTalAka batAve che ke gaganamaMDaLanI bhavya ane suMdara racanA joI thatA AzcaryamAMthI dharmano prAdurbhAva che. (7) keTalAka pitRpUjAne dharmanuM AdisvarUpa mAne che. (8) jIvAropaNa rUpI - sarvatra potAnuM pratibiMba jovAnA manuSyabuddhinA eka svAbhAvika valaNamAMthI jagatanA padArthomAM manuSyane Izvara bhAvanA thaI AvI ane e rIte anekadevavAda prathama utpanna thayo ema keTalAka mAne che. dharmanA udbhava saMbaMdhI uparokta tamAma tarka anizvaravAdano manuSya buddhi para je prabhAva che tene kAraNe jamyA che. AnaMdazaMkara A sarva tarkone apratiSThita kahI kRtrima mAne che. A matothI mAtra dharmanA AvirbhAvonuM vaicitrya ja phalita thAya che. A matothI dharmanI svabhAvasiddhi athavA vicArasiddhino niSedha thato nathI. AnaMdazaMkarano A vicAra ApaNane "vAmanAvatAra'nA vArtikamAM jovA maLe che. (juo, pariziSTa-2, kAvya : 5, pR. 293). dharmanI svabhAva siddhi : dharma manuSyane svabhAvathI ja sahaja che. ItihAsamAM pratyakSa thato manuSya svabhAva ja e siddha kare che ke dharmanA mULa manuSyanI dhArmika vRttimAM che. ahiM AnaMdazaMkara grIka mahAkavi homaranuM eka avataraNa Ape che. homare kahyuM che ke, "As young birds open their mouths for food, all men crave for the gods" arthAta- "jema pakSInA baccAM khorAkane mATe cAMca ughADe che, tema sarva manuSyane IzvaranI AkAMkSA rahe che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 275) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 145 dharmanI vicAra siddhi : dharma svabhAvasiddha hovAnI sAthe sAthe vicArasiddha che. dharmanI vicArasiddhine darzAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "manuSyano samagra AtmA paramatattva sAthe nikaTa saMbaMdha dharAve che. enI Indriyono vyApAra paramatattvanA sindha upara ja cAle che. ...enA vinA to tamArI daSTi kevaLa aMdhakAra, jJAnahIna, vyavasthAhIna, svarUpa hIna kAMIka (?) eTaluM ja che', je che eTaluM kahevuM paNa zakya nathI. vaLI samaga vizvanuM vizvarUpe anAdyanaMta deza-kALamAM paraspara saMbaMdha padArthonI ekatAnI mUrtirUpe grahaNa thavuM AtmA vinA saMbhave che? vaLI, A AtmA te mAro ja (aMtaHkaraNAvacchinna caitanyarUpa) AtmA ? mArA (aMtaHkaraNAvacchinna) AtmAnuM astitva vizvanI kAMIka anubhava viSayatAno khulAso karI zake, paNa vizva "che' - sarvane mATe che ema e AtmAmAMthI kema siddha thAya? mATe evo AtmA-parama AtmA - svIkAravo joIe ke jenuM A samagra vizva dRzya che ane jenI dRSTi sadA yathArtha che. jenI e yathArtha dRSTi sAthe mArI dRSTi meLavavI enuM nAma vizvanuM yathArtha jJAna prApta karavuM che." AnaMdazaMkara vizeSamAM jaNAve che ke "kAraNatAmAM pratIta thatuM skUraNa caitanya vinA ane vizva phuraNa vizva caitanya (paramAtmA) vinA asaMbhavita che." (dharmavicAra 1- pR. 276-277) Ama dharma vicArasiddha paNa che. dharma svabhAvathI ja jo siddha hoya to pachI dhArmika thavAnA prayatno karavAnI zI jarUra che? eno pratyuttara vALatAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke dharmavRtti sarvamAM svAbhAvika rIte ja bIjarUpe rahelI che. A bIjabhUta zaktine spaSTa vikasAvavI e ja ApaNuM kartavya che. A kartavyamAM aDacaNarUpa ApaNI svArthatyAganI vRttino abhAva che. svArthatyAga eTale sva karatAM adhika pradezamAM AtmAnI vizALatA anubhavavI; A anubhavanuM bIjuM nAma dharmAcaraNa che". TUMkamAM samagra carcA nA sArarUpe AnaMdazaMkaranA dharmavicArane nIcenA cAra muddAomAM tAravI zakAya : (1) dharmano pAyo satya upara che. (2) dharmano pAyo kRtrima nathI paNa sahaja che. (3) dharmanA AvirbhAvamAM mukhya hetu svArthatyAga che. (4) svArthatyAga eTale sva karatAM adhikapradezamAM AtmAnI vizALatA anubhavavI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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146 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana dharmano vikAsakrama : dharma mATe svArthatyAgane bIjabhUta zakti mAnI tene AdhAre dharmano vikAsakrama racavAno prayatna AnaMdazaMkara kare che. manuSyano svArthatyAga jema jema vadhato jAya tema tema krame krame dharmabhAvanAno vikAsa thAya che. dharmanA vikAsanI AnaMdazaMkara nIce pramANenI bhUmikAo darzAve che. (1) kvacit-skvacit svArthatyAga : svArthatyAga e paramAtmA darzana mATe Avazyaka che. taddana jaMgalI manuSya paNa potAnA devane kazuMka arpaNa karato hoya che. sarva dharmamAM A sva-sukha tyAganI vRtti rahelI hoya che. jyAM sudhI vyakti svArthathI para jatI nathI tyAM sudhI mAnavanI bhUmikA prAkRtika ja hoya che. paramAtmAnI prApti ke sAcI dharmabhAvanA mATe svArthathI 52 javuM Avazyaka che. Ama, dharmavikAsanuM prathama pagathiyuM e kvacit -kvacit svArtha tyAgathI AraMbhAya che. vaLI, jyAM sudhI manuSya svArthatyAga karato nathI tyAM sudhI e prakRtinI bhUmikA upara ja (piMDamAM ja)potAnA svarUpanI samApti mAne che. manuSyane svArthatyAgamAM je AnaMda maLe che temAM ja AnaMdazaMkara prakRtithI para aneka AtmAone potAnA svarUpamAM saMgrahatI, evI je paramAtmAnI bhUmikA che teno svIkAra jue che. (2) sarvatra svArthatyAgano saMkalpa : upara jaNAvelA kvacit - kvacit svArthatyAgathI paramAtmAdarzananI bhUmikAe pahoMcI zakAtuM nathI. paraMtu tyAgavRttinuM daDhIkaraNa thavuM joIe. AnA anusaMdhAnamAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, jyAM sudhI "tyAgavRtti eTale ke kartavyabuddhinI mArI pAse je je mAgaNIo thaze te te sarva siddha karavAne huM taiyAra chuM evo dRDha saMkalpa thayo nathI tyAM sudhI paramAtmadarzana dUra che.keTalAka tyAga kIrti khAtara, rUDhi khAtara, lokaci khAtara, sagAMsaMbaMdhI khAtara paNa thaI zake che. paraMtu e sarva tyAgane hada che. jyAM sudhI e tyAgapreraka padArthamAM baLa hoya che tyAM sudhI ja e thaI zake che. "jyAM tyAgane hada nathI, tyAM paramAtmA pratyakSa che ja, kAraNa manuSya pAse sarva 'sva' ahaMtAmamatAnuM saMpUrNa adhiSThAna-harI levAnI zakti kevaLa emAM ja -'hira'mAM ja che, ane jyAM anahada tyAgano saMkalpa che, tyAM vahelo-moDo paNa e pratyakSa thayA vinA raheto nathI." (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 278) (3) aihika padArthano tyAga; (paraMtu te sAthe) svarga : paramAtmA khAtara A lokanA padArthono tyAga dhArmika vRttinI nisaraNInuM prathama pagathiyuM che. mAtra paheluM pagathiyuM ja eTalA mATe ke hajI e dazAmAM manuSya svargalokamAM e tyAgano badalo maLaze ema AzA ane IcchA rAkhe che. eTale aMze AnaMdazaMkara tene utaratI bhUmikA gaNAve che. kAraNa A bhUmikAe zAzvata brahmanI prApti thatI nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 147 (4) svArthatyAga; saguNabrahmarUpa brahmaloka; dhyAtA dhyeyano bheda : svargAdI meLavavAnI lAlasAthI paranI bhUmikAe pahoMcatAM manuSya A loka ane para (svarga) loka ubhayanI lAlasA tyaje che. tene AnaMdazaMkara "mamakArAspada padArthano tyAga' kahe che. alabatta, hajI A dazAne AnaMdazaMkara madhyama paMktinI mAne che. uttamottama gaNatA nathI. kAraNa temanA mate ahamanuM ahIM hajI saMpUrNa vigalana thayuM nathI. vedAMtanI bhASAmAM kahIe to "brahmAkAravRtti khurIne jIva 'ziva' rUpe thayo nathI." (5) dhyAtA-dhyeyanI ekarasatA : AtmatyAga : paramAtma tuSTi : = 'brahmanirvANa' : brahmanirvANane AnaMdazaMkara chevaTanI bhUmikAnuM samarpaNa gaNe che. e samarpaNa thavuM, eTale 'ziva'rUpatA prApta karavI e parama siddhinI dazA che. temAM "aha" ke "mama" bemAMthI ekapaNa padArtha avaziSTa raheto nathI. ritA rijI ApanAra-lenAra ubhaya hari ja che evI UMDI satyatAnI anubhUti thAya che. uparokta dhArmika vikAsakramamAM dhyAtAnA svarUpamAM arthAtu dhArmika manobhAvamAM krame krame vikAsa thato jovA maLe che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa dhyeyamAM arthAtu - ciMtana viSaya paramAtmAnA svarUpamAM paNa vikAsakrama jovA maLe che. TUMkamAM kahIe to.... "(1) amuka amuka aihika padArthomAM ja paramAtma darzana karavuM e sauthI UtaratI bhUmikA che. (2) paramAtmAne sarva aihika padArthomAM vilokavo e enA karatAM UMcuM pagathiyuM che. (3) svargavAsI eka vyaktirUpe kalpavo e e karatAM (amuka rIte) caDhatI bhAvanA che. (4) Ihaloka ane svargaloka ubhaya karatAM adhika, paNa AtmAthI bhinna evA saguNa brahma (Izvara) rUpe mAnavo e cothuM svarUpa che. (5) AtmAmAM paNa paramAtmAne pratyakSa jovo e chelluM prAptavya che." (dharmavicAra 1,-280) Astika-nAstikano bhedaH. jayAM jyAM vyavahAra tyAM tyAM dharma e niyamane AnaMdazaMkara svataH siddha mAne che. A saMdarbhamAM Astika-nAstika temaja dharmI ane adharmI vacce AnaMdazaMkara bheda tAravI batAve che. ane tene AdhAre sAcI dhArmikatAne spaSTa kare che. manuSyamAM sahaja rIte jovA maLatI tema ja kayAreka ajANatAM thatI pravRttio vize jyAre manuSya bauddhika AdhAra zodhavA mAMDe tyAre keTalAka siddhAMto bAMdhe che. AvI sthitimAM manuSya For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana jyAre A bAbatonA khulAsAmAM bAhyajagatanI 'para' evA koIka padArthanuM astitva svIkAre che tyAre te 'Astika' kahevAya che. jyAre bAhyajagatathI '52' koI padArthanuM astitva na svIkAranAra 'nAstika' kahevAya che. jo ke vicAranI nAstikatA sAthe AcAranI paNa nAstikatA hoya che evo koI niyama AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. dharma-adharmano bheda : dharma adharmano bIjo bheda AnaMdazaMkara manuSyanA durAgrahamAM jue che. potAno dharma te ja kharo evo durAgraha dharmanA viSayamAM icchavA yogya nathI. koIpaNa prakAranA pUrvagrahathI mukta thaI vidvAno jema jema judA judA dharmanA svarUpo tapAsI emAMthI dharmanuM sAmAnya svarUpa tAravatA jaNAve che ke jemAM dharmane jIvana sAthe nikaTano saMparka hoya, te vyApaka eTale ke sarvadezI hoya ane sarvAzleSI hoya e ja sAco dharma che. anyathA te adharma che. sAcI dhArmikatA : 148 e pharaja khAtara pharaja nathI paNa pratyeka karmanuM prabhu sAthenuM joDANa che. sAcI dhArmikatA kevaLa AcAranA niyamomAM nathI paNa AcAranA mULamAM rahela tattvano sAkSAtkAra e sAcI dhArmikatA che. AvI sAcI dhArmikatA buddhithI kasAyelI ane tarkapUta hoya che, jyAM vahema, daMbhikatA ane aMdhazraddhAne koI sthAna nathI. dharmanuM prayojana : (1) mAtra vicAra e tattvaciMtanano viSaya che. ethI 'samyag jJAna' prApta thAya che. paNa te jJAna dharma vinA, aparokSa anubhava karAvI zakatuM nathI. (2) dharma e mAtra kriyArUpa nathI ane tethI kartavya karavAmAM ja enI paripUrNatA nathI. kartavya karavAthI apApa thavAya che, pavitrapaNuM Ave che, ane jyAM sudhI jJAnodaya thayo nathI tyAM sudhI viveka Avato nathI ane AtmA eka prakAranI jaDatA anubhave che ane apApa thaIne siddha karavAno je parama uddeza te siddha thato nathI. (3) vicAra ane AcAra, jyAM sudhI emAM AnaMdano anubhava na thAya tyAM sudhI manuSyane paramasAdhya tarapha doravAne asamartha che. Ama, AnaMdazaMkaranA mate dharmanuM kharuM prayojana jJAna, kriyA ane AnaMda e traNe tattvonI parasparAvalaMbitAne siddha karavAmAM che. amuka kartavya saMbaMdhI siddhAMta jANyA chatAM, jyAM sudhI kartavya thAya nahi tyAM sudhI jJAnanI sArthakatA nathI. kartavyajJAna meLavIne tadanusAra kArya karavAmAM paNa jyAM sudhI anicchA ke kheda jaNAya che ane AnaMda Avato nathI tyAM sudhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana kartavyabhAvanA apUrNa rahe che. tethI jJAnamAM ane kriyAmAM AnaMdanuM siMcana karanAra te dharma che. "dharma vinAnA zuSka jJAnamAM tathA kaThora kartavyakriyAmAM paNa kadAca koIne AnaMda Ave kharo,paNa te sakAraNa ane abAdhya tyAre ja thAya ke jyAre huM -tuM no bheda maTI jaI sarvatra jJAnapuraHsara brahmabhAva vistare, ane tanmaya sakala jIvita thaI svAbhAvika udgAra thAya ke, sarve'tra sukhinaH santu sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA Rzcit du:vamAnuyAt |''(dharmavicAra-1,pR. 9) vastunuM yathArtha svarUpa zuM che e vicAravAnuM kAma SagdarzanAdi zAstronuM che, jyAre sArA khoTAno -kAryAkAryano upadeza karavo e kArya vidhiniSedhazAstranuM che. saMkucita arthamAM te dharmazAstra che. te dharmanA uddezane vyApaka rIte spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke "2maNIyArthanuM ghotana karavuM e kAma sAhityasaMgItAdi kalAonuM che. tattvazAstra pramANa dvArA vastu svabhAvano nirNaya kare che, vidhineSadhazAstra pravRtti-nivRttino upadeza kare che, kAvyAdi sAhitya graMtho - jevA ke ItihAsapurANAdi - te vastunuM ghotana karI tathA dharmapravRttimAM caitanya arpI AnaMda anubhave che. A sarva uddezono saMgraha 'dharma'mAM thAya che". (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 10) dhArmika zikSaNa : 149 ApaNI zALAomAM dhArmika zikSaNanA abhAvane lIdhe aneka anartho UpajyA che. ApaNuM manobaLa, ApaNI AzAo, ApaNo svArthatyAga, e sarva zithila ane maMda paDyAM che. enuM eka mukhya kAraNa AnaMdazaMkara dhArmika zikSaNanA abhAvane lekhe che. jema AtmA zarIrathI bhinna chatAM zarIranA aNu aNumAM vyApI rahIne zarIrane caitanya arpe che, tema dharma e manuSyanI sarva aihika pravRttiothI vilakSaNa hovAnI sAthe, sarvanA aMtaramAM praveza karIne emane caitanya arpe che. arthAt manuSya jIvanamAM jJAna, rasa, svairya, baLa ane gatipUraka tattva tarIke AnaMdazaMkara dharmane prasthApe che. potAnA 'vasaMta' nAmanA sAmayikamAM temaNe Aja dRSTie dharmanI yathArthatA spaSTa karI ApavAno prayAsa karyo che. arvAcIna samayamAM hiMdustAnanI yunivarsiTIo dharmahIna keLavaNI ApavAno prayatna kare che. AvI keLavaNInI saphaLatA aMge AnaMdazaMkara AzAvAdI nathI. kAraNake Avo prayatna manuSya svabhAvanI ane e dvArA paramAtmAnI yojanAnI viruddha hoI niSphaLa thayA vinA raheze nahi. temane mana dharma e manuSyanuM rudhira che, prANa che, AtmA che. enuM AMtaramAM AMtara svarUpa ane tAttvikamAM tAttvika svarUpa te dharma che. manuSyanuM manuSyatva dharmathI aMkAya che ema kahIe to paNa atizayokti nathI. "dIvAne tela jeTaluM Avazyaka che teTalIja manuSya mATe dharmabhAvanA Avazyaka che." For Personal & Private Use Only

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150 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana senTrala hiMdu koleja, banArasanI sthApanA vakhate hiMdudharmanA prAcIna jJAna bhaMDAramAMthI utkRSTa bodhadAyaka vacano, kathAo ane prasaMgono saMgraha karI eka graMthAvali racavAno prayatna karavAmAM Avyo hato. tenA anusaMdhAnamAM AnaMdazaMkara "sudarzana' jUna, 1889nA aMkamAM keTalAMka mArgadarzaka sUcano kare che. temAMthI temanA dhArmika zikSaNa aMgenA vicAro jANavA maLe che. (1) "A graMthAvalimAM saMskRta bhASA uparAMta AkhA hiMdustAnamAM bahudhA svIkArAyelI evI bhASAomAMthI - kabIra, tulasIdAsa AdinAM vacanono paNa saMgraha karavo joIe, jethI dhArmika jJAna saMskRtamAM ja hoI zake evI aMdhazraddhA dUra thAya tathA mAtra mukhapATha karavAne badale vastuno hRdayamAM sAkSAtkAra karavA tarapha vidyArthIonuM vizeSa valaNa thAya. bane to jema saMskRtano abhyAsa karAvAya tema pAlino paNa sAthe ja karAvAya to ThIka, tema na banI zake to pAlinuM saMskRtamAM svarUpAMtara karI e bhASAmAM pratipAdita upadezono paNa vidyArthIone lAbha Apavo joIe. (2) bauddha ane jaina dharmano paNa vizALa hRdayathI A yojanAmAM samAveza karavo ghaTe che. kAraNake e dharmano upadeza mULamAM brAhmadharmane aMge ja thayo hato. te samayamAM pravartamAna aneka prakAranA kacarAne brAhmaNadharmanA pravAhamAMthI dUra karavAne e dharmo zaktimAna thayA che. (3) A dhArmika upadeza zAstrIo pAse ja apAvavAno vicAra hoya to e bhUla che. dhArmika bodha sabaLa ane saphaLa karavAnuM sAdhAraNa niyama tarIke eka ja sAdhana che ane te e ke jeNe sArI vidvatA tathA sAdhutA (ubhaya Avazyaka che) - saMpAdana karI che evA vizALa AtmAnA saMnyAsIo tathA jaina bhikSuo pAse upadeza apAvavo. AvA puruSo na maLI zake to pachI ucca keLavaNIvALA vAnaprasthAzramI vidvAnone hAthe kAma levuM. saMnyAsa ane vAnaprastha Azrama upara amAro bhAra eTalA mATe che ke lAMbA dhArmika anubhava vinA tathA e sAthe AvatI zAMti vinA, tathA asAdhAraNa tyAga vinA, dhArmika upadezamAM vizuddhi tathA baLa AvatAM nathI; temaja dharmanA viSayamAM kalahapriyatA paNa ghaNuM karI paramAtmAnuM dhAma samIpa AvyA vinA naSTa thatI nathI. (4) "A graMthAvali tathA dhArmika keLavaNInI sarva vyavasthA bahu vizALa hRdayathI ane dIrtha daSTithI thavI joIe. nahi to, judA judA dharmo vacce aniSTa virodha thaze. tathA pariNAme hamaNAM ja svataMtratA pAmela bharatakhaMDanI buddhine punaHayogya zAstrazRMkhalA paherAvAze e asaMbhavita nathI. ApaNA dezanA pAchaLanA kALanA aMdhakArane lIdhe aneka AcAravicAro, jene dharmanA tAttvika svarUpa sAthe bahu levAdevA nathI ane jemAM manuSya buddhie ane ApaNA zAstrakAroe paNa aneka matabheda darzAvyA che tene dharmanuM ghaNIkavAra AgrahapUrvaka tattva mAnavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu tevA aMzone jo A koleja dharmanI keLavaNImAM praveza karavA deze to tethI atyaMta hAni thavAno saMbhava che. (dharmavicAra -1, 491-492) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana nIti ane dharmanI keLavaNI zALAmAM ke gRhamAM ja ApavI te aMge AnadaMzaMkara potAno mata spaSTa karatAM nIcenI dalIlo kare che : (1) "gRhamAM dharma enA samasta baMdhAyelA svarUpamAM ja dRSTi AgaLa sphUre che, paraMtu enA kAraNa svarUpAdino vicAra karavAno gRhamAM sAdhAraNa rIte avakAza raheto nathI. tethI ghaNIvAra dharmane akAraNa mAnI bALako e tarapha upekSA dRSTie jue che. gRha keLavaNInI A khAmI pUrI pADavA mATe zALAnI jarUra che. 151 (2) hiMdustAnamAM paraspara virodhI aneka dharmo che e kharI vAta che, paNa amane lAge che ke virodha samAvavAno eka mArga ja e che ke ucca prakAranI - dharmanA sAmAnya svarUpanIvidyArthIone keLavaNI ApavI. paraspara mAnabharI dRSTie dharmanA viSayamAM bedarakArIthI nahi paNa mAnabharI diSTae teo jotAM zIkhe. (3) pAThazALAmAM laukika zikSaNanI sAthe sAthe dhArmika zikSaNa ApavAthI lAbha e che ke, dharma ane laukika jJAna paraspara saMbaMdhamAM AvI, paraspara ghasAI yogya samanvaya pAme che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 493) ApaNI vartamAna keLavaNImAM svIkArAyelA binasAMpradAyikatAnA mUlyathI aneka dharmI vidyArthIonI zALAomAM mAtra sAmAnya dharmanAM mULa tattvonuM tAraNa ke aitihAsika nirUpaNa te uparAMta adhika sAdhya nathI. tethI kharI dhArmika pragati mATe dharmatATasthyanA vratathI ApeluM zikSaNa pUratuM nathI ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. sarva dharmanAM sAmAnya tattvo jovAM e dhArmika udAratA saMpAdana karavA mATe sAruM che. paraMtu AnaMdazaMkara tene ApaNA dhArmika uddhArano saMpUrNa khulAso gaNatA nathI. dhArmika prayANa karavA mATe amuka dhorI paMthano svIkAra karavAnI jarUra che. kAraNa dareka mANasa potAno alaga dhArmika coko race tenA karatAM 'dhorI paMthe' cAlyo jAya e paramArthane prApta karavAno vadhAre sahelo ane sahIsalAmata mArga che. yAjJavalkya, vyAsa, zuka, nArada, mahAvIra, buddha, zaMkara, rAmAnuja Adi ApaNA prasiddha prAcIna mahApuruSonA sAmarthyamAM dRDha zraddhA janme tevuM dhArmika zikSaNa ApavAno sabhAna prayatna thavo joIe. A mahAtmAonA mahAnagraMthonuM parizIlana mAtra buddhinI kakSAe nahi paNa samarpaNanI bhAvanA janmAve tevI rIte thavuM joIe. A zALAmAM dharmanuM zikSaNa ApanArA sAduM jIvana gALatA ane pratidina potAno dhArmika anubhava vadhAre ucca, gaMbhIra ane vizALa karatA jatA evA paropakArI vidvAna sajjano joIe. zALA sAthe gRha paNa AnaMdazaMkara mATe dhArmika saMskAronA vahana mATenuM eka agatyanuM ghaTaka che. AthI ja dhArmika zALAonI keLavaNInI sAthe sAthe gRhamAM paNa e aMgenuM vAtAvaraNa maLI rahevuM joIe ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. kAraNake bAhyazALAomAM pustaka dvArA je zikSaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana maLe che te gRhamAM jIvana dvArA maLe che, ane te mATe ApaNA gRhajIvanamAM je nAstikatA ane pramAda AvyAM che tene sarvathA dUra karavAnI anivAryatA che. A dhArmika keLavaNI prApta karavAnI ane karAvavAnI mukhya pharaja navuM zikSaNa pAmelA ApaNA snAtako ane bhaNelA varganI che. te vakhate dhArmika jIvanathI AkarSAyelA ApaNA yuvAno 'AryasamAja ane "thiyosophI' tarapha vaLatA hatA te valaNane AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che paNa AryasamAja ane thiyosophI e saMpUrNa dhArmikatAnI dRSTi nathI ema kahI AnaMdazaMkara tenI maryAdA paNa darzAve che. temanA mate : "thiosophI e dharma nathI paNa dharmanuM phakta eka daSTibiMdu che, ane "samAjono dharma e jIvana nibhAve evo pauSTika khorAka nathI, mAtra kaMTha bhIno kare evuM pAtaLuM pANI che." eka bIjuM rUpaka laIe to "cAmaDI ane paMcamahAbhUtanA jIvaMta dehanI vacce jeTalo phera che teTalo "samAjanA dharmanI ane sanAtana dharmanI vacce che." (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 501) AnaMdazaMkaranA A matano puraskAra karatAM zrI rA.vi.pAThaka lakhe che ke : "gujarAtamAM saMsAra sudhArAnI lagabhaga sAthe ja astitvamAM AvelA bIjAM be dhArmika AMdolano tarIke thiyosophI ane AryasamAjane gaNAvavAM joIe. A saMbaMdhI AcArya AnaMdazaMkarano abhiprAya, je thiyosophI e dharma nathI paNa dharmanuM phakta daSTibiMdu che e yathArtha che. brahmosamAja ane AryasamAja baMnemAM dhArmika puruSo thayA che ema svIkAravA chatAM kahevuM joIe ke e samAjo lokajIvanane dhArmika anubhavathI samRddha karI zakyA nathI." (dharmavicAra- 2, pR. 404) "sanAtana dharmanA mahattvanA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke : "prArthanAsamAja, brahmasamAja, AryasamAja Adi dhArmika sudhArAnI saMsthAo khoTe mArge yatna kare che - mUrtipUjA khoTI che, vrata-vratIlAM khoTAM che, purANo khoTAM che, brAhmaNo svArthI hatA, emaNe ja hiMdustAne DubAvyuM che ItyAdi vicArothI ApaNo dhArmika uddhAra kadI paNa thavAno nathI. ApaNI prAcIna dharmavyavasthA bahu uttama siddhAMto upara racAyelI che. e vyavasthA bAMdhanAra RSijanone manuSyanI dhArmikatA khIlavavAnA asaMkhya mArgo anubhavathI paricita hatA-eno pUrNa lAbha levo e ApaNuM kartavya che. bIjI koI prajAnA pUrvajoe emanAM bALako mATe ATalI badhI dharmasamRddhi mUkI nathI. ApaNe e dharmasamRddhino lAbha laI na jANIe, ene nakAmI gaNI pheMkI daIe to ApaNA jevuM koI ja mUrkha nahi. ApaNI prAcIna saMpradAya prApta dharmavyavasthA choDI na detAM, ucca saMskAro prApta karI e vyavasthAnuM pUrNa rahasya samajavuM ane e vyavasthAnI jIvaMta asara nIce AvavuM e ja ApaNA dhArmika uddhArano kharo mArga lAge che." (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 496) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 153 ApaNA grejayueTo ApaNA prAcIna graMtho laI, te upara aMtaranAM teja ane utsAhathI bharyA vyAkhyAno Apaze ane kRSNa e sAkSAt paramAtmA che ema emanAM hRdayo sAcI zraddhA dharaze tyAre ja ApaNA dezano dhAmika uddhAra karavAnuM baLa emanAmAM Avaze" (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 502) dhArmika zikSaNa aMgenA AnaMdazaMkaranA uparokta vicAro ApaNA dezamAM Aje paNa eTalA ja prastuta che. ekabAju dharmanirapekSatAnuM mUlya ane bIjI bAju dhArmika zikSaNa aMgeno vivAda atyAre ApaNA dezamAM rASTrastare carcAno muddo banI rahyo che. bhAratanI sarvocca adAlate paNa A bAbatamAM hastakSepa karI cukAdo ApatAM kahyuM che ke : chellA pAMca dAyakA daramyAna mULabhUta sAmAjika, naitika temaja AdhyAtmika mUlyomAM satata ghasAro thaI rahyo che ane dareka stare doSa-darzana vyApI rahyuM che te vAstavikatAne koI paDakArI zake tema nathI.. dharmanirapekSa samAjamAM paNa naitika mUlyo atyaMta mahattvanAM che, te viSe paNa koI vivAda upasthita karI zake tema nathI. je samAjamAM naitika mUlyone sthAna hotuM nathI te samAjamAM na to sAmAjika vyavasthA TakI zake, ke na to dharmanirapekSatA TakI zake. naitika mUlyo vinA na to dharmanirapekSatA TakI zake ke, na to lokazAhI TakI zake (...) mUlyo te koIpaNa vyaktinA sadguNa che. jo A mUlyo ghasAtAM jaze, to tenA pariNAme pahelAM kuTuMba pachI samAja ane Akhare samagra rASTranAM patananI gatividhi vegavAna banI raheze." ApaNo sanAtana dharma dharmanirapekSatAnA mUlyane paNa potAnAmAM samAve eTalo vyApaka che. uparokta saMdarbhamAM sarvocca adAlate sanAtana dharmanI vyAkhyA karatAM nirdeza karyo che ke : "ApaNA dharmane samAtana dharma eTale ke zAzvata mUlyo dharAvato dharma kahevAmAM Avyo che jene sthaLa ke kALanAM baMdhano naDatAM nathI. AthI RgvadamAM paNa "sanAtana dharmI' tevo ullekha che. dharma zabda ': thara' dhAtu uparathI Avyo che. 'dhAti ti dharma' te sarvavidita che, mATe dharmano artha TakAvI rAkhanAra, sahAro ApanAra ke puSTi ApanAra tevo thAya che. mahAbhAratanA karNa-parvanA da9mA adhyAyanA pa8mA zlokamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, dharma samAjane sthiratA Ape che. sAmAjika vyavasthA TakAvI rAkhe che. janasAmAnyanuM zubha kare che, ane mAnava jAtane pragatinA paMthe laI jAya che. je koI vicAradhArA e dhyeyonI paripUrti kare che te dharma che." (Supreme Court Cases (2002), Vol.7 Page 257 to 384) A rIte rASTranI naitika vyavasthAne TakAvI rAkhanAra sarvocca baLa rUpe dharmane sthApI zakAya ema che. dhArmika zikSaNane lagatA AnaMdazaMkaranA vicAro Aje paNa ApaNane pathapradarzaka banI rahe evA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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154 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana dharmanuM sAhitya: mAtra vicArapUrvaka yojelA zAstrono ja dharmanA sAhityamAM samAveza karavAnA Agrahane AnaMdazaMkara ayogya lekhe che. temanA mate jJAna eka jIvaMta padArtha hoI ene svachaMde vikasavAno adhikAra che. paddhatisara vicAra vaDe nahi paNa divyadarzanamAM vizvanAM parama satyo vadhAre sArI rIte vyakta thayelAM che. Ama, tAttvika ke dhArmika satyonI abhivyakti koI jaDa paddhatinA cokaThAmAM baMdhAyelI nathI te pragaTa thavA mATe svataMtra che. tethI jJAna mAtra tarkane AdhAre nahi, paraMtu kavi pratibhAmAM paNa pragaTa thAya che. jene AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA tattvajJAna ane dharmanI AgavI vizeSatA gaNAve che. prakhara vedAMtI zrI maNilAla dvivedIno ApaNA dharma ciMtanamAM eka vizeSa phALo e che ke temaNe ApaNI dharmacarcAmAM purANone pramANa mAnyA che. temanA pahelAM purANo upara aneka AkSepo karavAmAM AvatA ane tethI ja ApaNe tyAM samAjonI dharmazuddhinI pravRttimAM purANone apramANa gaNavAnuM valaNa jovA maLe che. maNilAle purANonuM aitihAsika arthaghaTana karI, tenI kathAono AdhyAtmika artha karavAno prayatna karyo che. (siddhAMtasAra ane prANavinimaya pR.175) AnaMdazaMkare paNa maNilAlane anusarI aneka purANakathAomAMthI AdhyAtmika artha tAravI temane dharma sAhityamAM pratiSThita karyA che. AnaMdazaMkaranA A kAryanuM yathArtha mUlyAMkana karatAM "ApaNo dharma'nI upoddhAtamAM zrI rA.vi.pAThaka lakhe che : dharmamAM bhaktine sthAna ApIne teno vizALa artha karIne ane tenA rahasyamAM UtarIne temaNe purANa, saMtavANI, mUrtipUjAne samarthita karyA ane A sarvamAM ItihAsanA ghaNA lAMbA kALamAM brAhmaNoe ApelA mahattvanA phALA badala brAhmaNono aitihAsika Adara karyo, ane temane niMdAmAMthI uddhAryA. purANo, saMtavANI, kAvyo e sarvane dharmasAhityamAM sthAna che, kAraNake jagatanuM paramasatya kaMI mAtra tarkathI ja samajAtuM nathI, kalpanAthI paNa samajAya che, ne kalpanAne tene potAnI rIte nirUpita karavAno hakka che..., A rIte AnaMdazaMkare purANo, mUrtipUjA ane brAhmaNo traNeyane nyAya Apyo e paNa noMdhavuM joIe." (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 426) AnaMdazaMkare paramasatyanA vyApAramAM kalpanAne mahattva ApyuM che. purANomAM A kalpanA vizeSa rUpe jovA maLe che. pro. TuarTa kahe che ke buddhi nahi paNa kalpanA e ja manuSyano pazu thakI bhedaka guNa che. IglenDanA suvikhyAta vicAraka DIna IMga kahe che : "Have not the profoundest intuitions of faith been often wrapped up in For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana poetical myths and symbols, which dogmatism turns in to flat historical narratives and rationalism as ponderously rejects ? And have not the greatest philosophers been more than half poets? We value Spinoza not for his geometrical metaphysics but for the flashes of vision in which the amor intellectualist makes him a "God-drunken man"? Plato is for ever unintelligible till we read him as a prophet and prose - poet and cease to hunt for a system in his writings." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.21) ...... ApaNA prAcIna graMthomAM A pramANe tattvajJAna kavipratibhAnA mAdhyamathI pragaTa thayAnAM asaMkhya udAharaNo che. ApaNA vaidika temaja paurANika sAhityamAM evA aneka pratIko jovA maLe che, jemAM ucca dhArmika siddhAMto garbhita rIte rahelA batAvI zakAya che. ApaNA sAhityamAM rahelAM AvA keTalAMka jANItAM rUpakono AdhyAtmika artha AnaMdazaMkare suMdara rIte tAravI batAvyo che. 155 (1) sautha : chAMdogya upaniSadamAM fautha (chAMdogya 2-10-3, 1-3-6)nI upAsanA che. vhItha eTale uccareluM bahAra pragaTeluM gAna. A sRSTi ane sUrya Adi padArtho e paramAtmAnA gAnarUpa che. Avo upAsanAbhAva jenAM aMtaramAM rahelo che te 'ugItha' che. (2) ardhanArInaTezvara : IzvaranI ardhanArInaTezvaranI kalpanAmAM vizvanI utpattine sthAne enI sthitinuM svarUpa batAvavAno prayatna che. A vizvamAM prabhunuM adbhuta nartana thayA kare che : e naTanA nartanamAM sthiti (static) uparAMta kriyA (dynamic) mUrtimaMta thAya che. ardhanArIzvaranI kalpanAmAM prakRti ane puruSano samanvaya vivakSita che. ane emanA lAsya (strInuM komaLa nRtya) ane tAMDava (puruSanuM ugra nRtya)mAM paNa e ja pramANe suMdaratA ane bhavyatA ekaThAM thAya che. (3) kRSNa-gopIno rAsa : kRSNa-gopInA rAsamAM tattvajJAnIya bhAva rahelo cheH A vizva eka akhaMDa rAsa-arthAt rasamaya nRtyanI lIlA yA garabo-che, jenA madhyamAM kendrarUpe prabhu virAje che, AsapAsa prakRtinI vividha zaktio garabe ramI rahI che temAM pratyeka gopInI sAthe eka eka kRSNa dekhAya che; eno bhAvArtha evo che ke : prabhu A vizvanA madhyabiMdue vaselo che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa enA vartuLamAM paNa Avelo che H arthAt paramAtmA prakRtithI para chatAM prakRtimAM anusyUta che, nirguNa hoIne paNa saguNa che ane jeo ene nirguNa nahi paNa saguNa ja mAne che teo to vizeSamAM rAsanA madhyamAM paNa kRSNa ane rAdhA-brahma ane mAyAnuM yugala kalpe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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156 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana (4) zeSazAyI nArAyaNa ane lakSmI : sRSTinuM bIjuM eka bhavya ane ramaNIya rUpaka zeSazAyI nArAyaNa ane lakSmInuM che. sRSTi pUrve anaMta satano eka zeSa- TukaDo - kaho ke ene ja anaMta kaho, enA upara nArAyaNa (narono, jIvono samUha te "nAra', 'ayana' nAma gaMtavya AzrayasthAna te nArAyaNa-paramapuruSa) prabhu poDhelA che. lakSmIjI nAma paramAtmAnI 'lakSma" (lakSaNa)-bhUta suMdara zakti(glory) - paga AgaLa prabhunuM mukha maMDaLa nihALatI beThI che : e prabhunI nAbhimAMthI madhyamAMthI kamaLa jevuM- eka phUla jevuM A vizva UgeluM che. enA upara brahmA e ja nArAyaNanuM sarjaka svarUpa-beTheluM che : e prathama vedarUpa jJAnanI bhAvanA pragaTa kare che ane vizvanA vividha jaDa-cetana padArtho sarje che. (5) aSTabhujAdevInI kalpanA : zAkta saMpradAyamAM kalpelI devInI "aSTabhujA'nI kalpanAmAM bhagavadgItAnI prasiddha aSTavidha prakRti - bhUmirApo'nalo vAyuH khaM mano buddhireva ca / adaMra rUtIya re fmannA prakRtiprathA | (bhagavadgItA,a-7,zloka-4) nuM sUcana spaSTa rUpe jovA maLe che. zaba upara UbhelI ke siMha ke vAgha upara birAjelI devAmAM paNa asura pAra manuSyatAne mArI enA upara DarAcatI, manuSyanI ugra pazutAne vaza karI enA upara virAjatI daivI saMpattinuM ApaNane darzana thAya che. A viSaye ApaNA pUrvajonuM eTaluM badhuM dhyAna rokyuM che ke purANono pradhAna viSaya 'devAsura saMgrAma' thaI paDyo che. Ama, AvAM aneka udAharaNo ApI AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA zAstronI kavi kalpanAmAM dharma ane tattvajJAnanAM gaMbhIra satyo paDelAM che ema vividha rUpakonA AdhyAtmika arthaghaTano ApI samajAve che. ApaNA dharmasAhityanI A vizeSatAne avagaNavAthI aneka anarthe thayelA jovA maLe che. meksamUlara jevA vidvAno paNa ApaNA dharmasAhityanI A vizeSatAne na samajI zakavAthI kevI bhUla kare che te paNa AnaMdazaMkara spaSTa karI Ape che. "RgyedasaMhitA'nA hiraNyagarbha sUktanI prasiddha paMkti mai tevA viSA vidhemae paMktimAM padano no sAyaNAcArye "prajApati artha karyo che. maeNksamUlara sAyaNAcAryanA arthane upahAsanIya gaNe che. tenI sAme AnaMdazaMkara aitareyabrAhmaNa'mAMthI teno mULa artha spaSTa karI meksamUlaranI bhUla samajAve che. "aitareyabrAhmaNa'mAM spaSTa vAMcavAmAM Ave che. Indra prajApatine kahyuM che ke meM vRtrane mAryo ane saghaLuM jItavAnuM jItyo; mATe tamAruM mahattva mane Apo. prajApatie uttara dIdho ke ema karuM to pachI For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana huM ':' koNa rahyo ? AnuM tAtparya pragaTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke, "jyAre saguNa brahma asurane haNe che tyAre te upAsya thAya e svAbhAvika che. paNa ema thAya to pachI nirguNa brahma e : kahetAM prazna thaI jAya ane enuM mahattva cAlyuM jAya. A ja kAraNathI keTalAMka vedAMtIo saguNa brahmane ja mAne che ane nirguNa brahmano niSedha kare che. A AkhyAyikAmAM e bhayanuM sUcana karI upadezanuM tAtparya e upasthita karyuM che ke nirguNa brahma ja saguNamAM pragaTa thatuM hovAthI enuM mahattva rahevuM joIe, kAraNake bhale devAsurasaMgrAmamAM yuddho saguNa jIte, paNa saguNanuM adhiSThAna nirguNa che e bhUlavAnuM nathI.'" (dharmavicAra-1,23-24) Ama, prAcIna vedathI mAMDI purANa sudhInAM graMthonI kavipratibhAmAM ApaNe tyAM tattvajJAna ane dharmanAM paramasatyo pragaTa thayelA jovA maLe che. tethI e sarvano 'dharmanA sAhitya' aMtargata AnaMdazaMkara svIkAra kare che. kAraNa "parama tattvane pAmavuM hoya to akhaMDa manuSya e tarapha javuM joIe." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 500) 157 arthAt paramatattvane anubhavavAnuM sAdhana kevaLa buddhi nathI, paNa hRdaya che, kRti che, eTale ke manuSyanuM akhaMDa jIvana che. AnaMdazaMkaranA uparokta vicArone AdhAre ema kahI zakAya che ke mAtra vicAragraMtho e ja dharmanuM sAhitya che e valaNane AnaMdazaMkara svIkArya gaNatA nathI. paraMtu ItihAsa ane purANomAM rajU thayelAM rUpako ane kalpita vArtAonuM paNa dharmanA sAhityamAM mahattva teo svIkAre che. dharmanA pradezamAM jeo 'rUpaka ane kalpita vArtAo'no upayoga aniSTa gaNe che temanI sAme AnaMdazaMkara potAno mata vyakta karatAM noMdhe che: (1) buddhi e sakala manuSya nathI, manuSyanuM magaja e manuSyano bahu alpa bhAga che, e vAtano enA hRdayane anubhava karAvAya e ThIka che. vaLI, kharuM jotAM buddhi nahi paNa kalpanA e ja manuSyano pazu thakI bhedaka guNa che. (2) jyAre lekhanakaLA hAlanA jevI pracalita nahotI tyAre dharmanA upadezane hRdayamAM ThasAvavA mATe prAcIna yugamAM saMto AvI rUpakanI bhASAmAM upadeza karatA ema keTalAka mAne che. AnaMdazaMkara A kAraNane yogya gaNatA nathI. kAraNake emanI dRSTie dharma bahArathI bharavAno nathI, paNa e aMtaramAMthI pragaTAvavAno che. te mATenuM udbodhana sIdhI boDI bhASAmAM thaI zakatuM ja nathI.(dharmavicAra-1, pR. 509) Ama, dharma ane tattvanI carcAmAM rUpakanA mAdhyamathI AvelI bhASA tene avarodharUpa nahi paNa upakAraka bane che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. tethI dharmasAhityamAM e tamAmano yogya svIkAra thavo joIe. For Personal & Private Use Only

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158 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana sarvadharma ekatA : gurukula kAMgaDImAM bharAyelI sarvadharma pariSadamAM pramukhIya bhASaNa ApatAM AnaMdazaMkare sarvadharmanA paraspara meLa aMge potAnA vicAro vyakta karelA che. pariSadamAM thayelA sarvadharmanI paraspara ekatA aMgenA keTalAka sUcanonI samIkSA karI AnaMdazaMkara A viSayamAM potAno svataMtra mata pragaTa kare che.(dharmavicAra 1, pR. 623) (1) aneka dharmane sthAne eka dharma saMpAdana karavAno eka mArga e che ke anya sarvadharmono talavAra, agni ke niMdAnA baLathI nAza karIne ApaNo potAno dharma sthApita karavo. AnaMdazaMkara A mArgane kutsita, duSTa ane jaMgalI gaNe che. temane mana A mArgathI dharma nahi paNa dharmAbhAsa ja prApta thAya che. kAraNake ethI je mAnasika vAcika ane kAyika kriyA cAle che, e dharmanA tattvathI viruddha che. (2) dharmanI ekatAno bIjo mArga kALabaLane anulakSIne rAha jovI e che.manuSya saMskRtionA vikAsano A niyama che ke, jyAre aneka saMskRtio eka sthAnamAM saMmilita thAya che tyAre emano paraspara saMbaMdha thaIne emAMthI eka vijayI thAya che ane bIjI parAbhava pAme che. athavA to sarva ekabIjAmAM maLIne emAMthI eka navo ja prakAra athavA rUpAMtara utpanna thAya che. aneka dharmanA saMmizraNa athavA vigrahanI A kriyAne AnaMdazaMkara manuSya saMskRtinA ItihAsanA utkrAMtivAdI siddhAMta mujaba niraMtara cAlyA ja karatI prakriyA tarIke oLakhAve che. Ama chatAM buddhipUrvakanI ekatA sAdhavAnA mArga tarIke AnaMdazaMkara tene svIkAratA nathI. (3) dharmanI ekatA sAdhavAno bIjo eka mArga e gaNAya che ke, pRthvInA sarvadharma laIne emanA vizeSa yA bhedaka aMza choDI devA ane emanA sAmAnya yAne ekAkAra aMza grahaNa karavA, ane e rIte tAravI kADhelA avirodhI aMzonA saMgrahane ja "dharma"nuM nAma ApavuM. dharmanA AvA svarUpane AnaMdazaMkara dharmanI ekatAno sAco mArga gaNatA nathI. kAraNake nirvizeSa sAmAnyane (abstract) vizeSa (Concrete)nI apekSAe AnaMdazaMkara UtaratuM gaNe che. kAraNake temanA mate vizeSane uDAvIne sAmAnyane bacAvavuM azakya che. Ama, dharmanA zarIrano nAza karIne dharmano azarIra AtmA rahI zakato nathI. eTalo dehAtmavAda prakRta viSayamAM AnaMdazaMkara mAnya rAkhe che. dharmanI ekatA saMpAdana karavAno bIjo eka mArga e che ke te te dharmarUpa sarva taMtu meLavIne eka paTa banAvavo, ane e ja mahAvastrane dIkSAvasra rUpe dhAraNa karavuM. paraMtu AvA kRtrima prayatnane AnaMdazaMkara zakya lekhatA nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 1pa9 uparokta sarva mArgonI samIkSA karI A viSayamAM AnaMdazaMkara potAno svataMtra mata pragaTa karatAM kahe che : "vizva niyantA kAla bhagavAna aneka dharmanA taMtuomAMthI eka dharmarUpa mahApaTa vaNI rahyA che, paNa e paTa banAvavAthI taMtuono lopa thato nathI, te ja pramANe sarvadharmanI eka vAkyatA thavAthI te te dharmanuM vizeSa svarUpa lupta thatuM nathI, UlaTuM e vizeSa svarUpe rahe, rUpAMtara prApta karIne paNa rahe, e tarehanI ekavAkyatA paramAtmAne ISTa che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.625). upara jaNAvelI ekavAkyatA aMge be prakAranA prazno svayaM upasthita thAya che : (1) upara kahelI ekavAkyatA amuka dharmane pradhAna gaNIne ane bIjAne gauNa banAvIne karavI ucita che ? (2) sarvadharmane samAna mAnI emAMthI vikalpa karI game te eka ne svIkAravo e ucita che? uparokta baMne praznamAMthI bIjA praznano uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, AnAthI mAtra sarvadharmanI paraspara sahiSNutA ja prApta thAya che. paraMtu e pUratuM nathI, kAraNake ethI satyanA mArgamAM eka pagaluM paNa AgaLa bharAtuM nathI. have bIjA praznano eTale ke jemAM amuka dharmane pradhAna banAvI bIjAne gauNa banAvavAnI sUcanA che - A praznano uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, A paddhati paraspara laDavAnI anya paddhatio karatAM bezaka sArI che. tathApi emAM svadharmanI pradhAnatA ane tethI utkRSTatA ane paradharmanI gauNatA ane tethI nikRSTatA manAya che. AmAM paradharma pratyenI koIpaNa asahiSNutA ne AnaMdazaMkara jotA nathI. ahIM eka prazna upasthita thAya che ke sarvadharma prati samAna Adara thaI zake kharo? agara thaI zake to te ISTa che kharo? A praznano uttara AnaMdazaMkara Adara ane bhakti arthAta niSThA e banne vacceno bheda samajAvIne Ape che. sarvadharma prati samAna Adarane AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che paNa niSThA to svadharma prati ja hovI joIe ema mAne che. ahiM "svadharma" zabdano artha paNa AnaMdazaMkara vilakSaNa rIte tAravI batAve che. "svadharmano artha saMpradAya prApta bApadAdAno dharma nahi paNa potAnA AtmAmAM dhAraNa karelo - mAtra AcAranI rUDhimAM nahi paNa AtmAnA sattvamAM meLavI dIdhelo - je dharma te ja kharo svadharma che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.626) jagatanA vividha dharmomAM pradhAna ke gauNa evA koI bhAva nathI. vAstavamAM to sarva Indriyagocara laukika dharma eka IndriyAtita alaukika dharmanA avirbhAva che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. potAnA A matane udAharaNa dvArA AnaMdazaMkara spaSTa karI Ape che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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160 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana dharmanA paraspara virodhamAM eka kAraNa e hoya che ke te te dharmanA anuyAyI dharmanA viSayamAM potapotAnA dharmagraMthane Izvaroccarita mAne che. koI paNa dharmagraMtha kyA arthamAM Izvaroccarita hoI zake che? tenA uttaramAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, koIpaNa laukika bhASAmAM lakhAyelo dharma Izvaroccarita hoI zakato ja nathI. kAraNake Izvara azarIrI che te ApaNI sAthe bahAranI vAtacIta kare e saMbhavita nathI. A saMdarbhamAM teo noMdhe che : "Izvarano vAsa sarva vyaktinA aMtaramAM che ane aMtaramAM ja bole che. enuM bolavuM ane ApaNuM sAMbhaLavuM e zabdAkAra hoI zakatuM nathI. e kevaLa jJAnAkArathI ja banI zake che. bhale e jJAnane huM zabdAkAra karI lauM." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.626). Ama, sarvadharmanI je parA-pazyantI vANI che e paramAtmAno mULa graMtha che. e ja AnaMdazaMkarane mana sarvadharmano sanAtana "veda" che. A uparAMta ApaNA dezanI dhArmika sthiti aMge AnaMdazaMkara keTalAMka sUcano kare che. A sUcanomAM temanI sarvadharma ekatA aMgenI vicarasaraNI pragaTa thatI jovA maLe che : (1) iMglenDa jevAM dezamAM krizciyana dharma barAbara paLAya che. ApaNo deza ja adhArmikatAthI bharelo che evA vicArathI ApaNA dhArmika uddhAra paratve nirAza na thatAM emAM je sudhArA karavA jevA che e utsAhapUrvaka karavA joIe. svataMtra vicArapradhAna dharmathI dhArmika aikyano bhaMga thAya che ane vyavasthita saMpradAyasiddha dharmanuM anusaraNa aikyane anukULa che. eTalA mATe dharmanI jaDatA dUra thAya eTale aMze vicArano praveza thavA daI sAmAnya lokone mATe amuka vyavasthita dharma rahe e ThIka che. manuSya hRdaya evuM vizALa, gaMbhIra ane anekatAthI bhareluM che ke ene svAbhAvika rIte vikasavA detAM ja emAMthI vividha prakAranA dhArmika bhAvo uddabhavI Ave che ane A rIte vividha dharmapaMtho ane saMpradAyo janma pAme che. paNa e sarvapaMtha - saMpradAyanI pAchaLa dhArmika ekatA hovI joIe. ApaNA dezamAM AvA aneka paMtho hovA chatAM AvI ekatA saMpAdana karavI AnaMdazaMkarane mana azakya nathI. jaina, bauddha, vedadharma, zIkhadharma A badhA ja saMpradAyo aitihAsika dRSTie jotAM eka ja dharma -saritAno pravAha banI rahe che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. "ApaNo dharmamAM saMpAdita thayelA temanA aneka lekhomAM temanuM dRSTibiMdu vyakta thatuM jovA maLe che. veda (brAhmaNa) dharma, jainadharma ane bauddhadharmane AnaMdazaMkara sanAtana hiMdu dharmanI ja mukhya zAkhAo gaNAve che. ApaNA dezamAM pravartamAna A traNe dharma aMge ane temAM rahelI paraspara ekatA aMgenA temanA ciMtanamAM temanuM dRSTibiMdu samanvayAtmaka raheluM jovA maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 161 vividha dharmono abhyAsa karI temanAmAM kRtrima ekatA lAvavAnA prayatnane AnaMdazaMkara ayogya lekhe che. sarvadharmanI ekatAmAM vividha dharmonuM AgavApaNuM samajI pratyeka dharmanI viziSTatA lakSamAM laI amuka amuka daSTibiMduthI vividha dharmanI ekatA sAdhavAmAM Ave te ja AnaMdazaMkarane mana yathArtha ekatA che. bhAratanA dhArmika ItihAsanA saMdarbhamAM ApaNA dezamAM hiMdu, bauddha, zIkha, jaina evA bheda pADavAmAM Ave che tene AnaMdazaMkara avAstavika gaNe che. pAzcAtya vidvAnoe emanA AraMbhanA vidyAkALamAM ApaNA itihAsanI je kalpanA ApaNane bAMdhI ApI hatI te ghaNA varSo sudhI svIkArya banI rahI. paraMtu have navA saMdarbhamAM pazcimanA ane pUrvanA ghaNA vidvAno mAne che ke, ApaNA dezamAM vividha dharmanA kAlika, kramavAra paraspara bhinna tabakkA nathI eTale ke prathama vedanI saMhitAno dharma, te pachI brAhmaNono ane te pachI araNyako ane upaniSadono ane te pachI jaina ane bauddhono dharma evA samayAnukramamAM AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA dharmone svIkAratA nathI. te te dharmanA graMthomAM je je sAcavavAmAM AvyuM che te uparAMta te ja kALamAM bIjuM ghaNuM bahAra vistareluM hatuM jeno te graMthomAM samAveza nathI. tethI te te graMthonA kAlakramane AdhAre vastuno kAlakrama nizcita karavAnA prayatnane AnaMdazaMkara bhUlabharelo gaNe che. pArzvanAtha ane mahAvIra svAmI I.sa. pUrve AThamAM ane chaThThA saikAmAM thayA teno artha e nathI ke temaNe pravartAvelo dharma paNa emanA samayathI ja astitvamAM Avyo. e dharma jhINI vigato bAda karatAM enA tAttvika svarUpamAM bahu pahelAMno hato ema mAnavAne pUratAM kAraNo che. Ama, AnaMdazaMkaranA mate jaina, bauddha, brAhmaNa e eka ja mULadharma vaidika dharmanI zAkhAo che. jaina, bauddha, brAhmaNa evI paraspara vibhedaka zabdAvaline AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA vigrahakALanI zabdAvalI gaNAve che. mULamAM to traNeyanA artha eka ja che. A aMge AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "jeoe IndriyAdika upara tathA eNe prerelA rAgadveSAdi zatruo upara jaya meLavyo che, satyanA teja thI jeonAM AntaracakSu UghaDI gayAM che, jeonI daSTi kRpaNa nahi paNa bRha- sAMkaDI nahi paNa vizALa- thaI gaI che. teo ja vastutaH kramavAra "jaina", "bauddha" ane "brAhmaNa" zabdavAcya che" (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 651) Ama, ApaNe badhA ja saMkucita dRSTikoNathI prerAIne rAgadveSAdi temaja ajJAnamAM na phasAyA hota to ApaNe sahu bhinna bhinna vivakSAthI "jaina", "bauddha" ke "brAhmaNa" na kahevAta evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. aMgrejI Logic nI paribhASAmAM Ane samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara "eka ja 'denotation' vALA padArthanA A judA judA Connotations che. ane te Connotations paNa kevAM ke jemane ekabIjAmAM bhaLelAM, ekabIjAthI chUTAM na pADI zakAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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162 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana evAM, kone differentia kahIe ane kone Property kahIe e paNa jemAM na samajI zakAya evAM paraspara otaprota che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 651) koIpaNa dharmanuM samagra svarUpa eka ja vyaktinI pratibhAmAM pragaTa thatuM nathI. aneka mahAna vyaktionI pratibhA maLIne enuM svarUpa baMdhAya che. ane temAM paNa deza-kAla ane daSTAnI buddhi tathA svabhAva anusAra dharmanAM judAM judAM tattvo upara vadhAre ocho bhAra mukAya che. paraMtu Ama eka ja vyaktinI pratibhAmAM Avelo dharma e ja dharmanuM samagra svarUpa evo Agraha e AnaMdazaMkarane mate dharmanA viSayamAM sAMkaDA mananI ane ayathArtha dRSTinI nizAnI che. potAnA A vicArone anusarI AnaMdazaMkara jaina, bauddha ane brAhmaNa dharmanI ekatA prasthApita karavAno prayatna kare che. bAhya daSTie A traNa dharmomAM game teTalo bheda jaNAya to paNa tenI aMdara je sanAtana dharmanuM satya raheluM che te eka ja che. A sanAtana satyo tarIke vairAgya ane bhUtadayA vagerene AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. A sarva satyo sanAtana che ane jaina, bauddha ane vedadharma e traNe dharmamAM ekanA eka che. ApaNA ItihAsamAM ema banyuM che ke jaina temaja brAhmaNadharmanA pAchalA kALamAM jaina ane brAhmaNa lekhakoe eka-bIjAnA dharmanAM khaMDano karavAnA prayatna karyA hatA. paNa koIthI sanAtana dharmanuM khaMDana thaI zakatuM nathI tene AnaMdazaMkara vizeSa rUpe noMdhe che. "aitihAsika dRSTie joIe to veda sau graMthomAM purAtana che paNa veda dharmanI zarUAta vedagraMthathI ja nathI. vedamAM jovAthI jaNAya che ke veda pahelAM paNa ApaNo sanAtana dharma pravartato hato. jaina graMtho paNa e ja satyanI sAkSI pUre che.... brAhmaNonA jIvanamAM je khAmIo pravezI hatI te dharmanI mULa bhAvanA bagaDIne thayelI hatI. jeno temaja bauddhoe te khAmIo sudhAravAno prayatna karyo hato." temAM AnaMdazaMkara koI ja prakAranA pratipakSIpaNAno bhAva jotA nathI. temanA mate mahAvIra svAmI ane gautama buddha haMmezAM jUnA dharmane sanAtana satyane ja anusaryA che. ahiMsA, satya, asteya vagere sanAtana satyo kahevAya che te mahAvIrane, buddhane ane vedane paNa mAnya hatAM. A pramANe sarvatra ekatA ja jaNAya che. "jainano artha vRttine jItanAra evo, ane brAhmaNano kharo artha (vRda - vizALa thavuM, vadhavuM e dhAtu uparathI) paramAtmAnI vizALatAne sarvatra anubhavanAra thAya che. paramAtmAnI sarvavyApakatA ane vizALatA jeNe anubhavI hoya teNe vRttiono jaya karI sauthI prathama 'jine banavuM ja joIe. bauddhagraMthomAM paNa sAcA brAhmaNatvanI carcAmAM 'bauddha' ane 'brAhmaNa' zabdanI ekatA darzAvavAmAM AvI che. "jaina" ane "brAhmaNa' zabdanA artho parathI baMnenI ekatA sthApita karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che. "jina thayA vinA brAhmaNa thavAtuM nathI ane jina thAya tenAthI brAhmaNa thayA vinA rahevAtuM nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.587) A rIte "jaina" ane brAhmaNa" zabdanI zAstrokta vyAkhyAo paNa baMnenI paraspara ekatA ja sUcave che. eja rIte For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana maitrI, karuNA, muditA ane upekSAthI ja prajJA prApta thAya che te ja sAcI bodhi sthiti che. TUMkamAM vRtti jaya ke samyakcAritrya ane AtmAnI vizALatA e A traNeya paraMparAnuM pAyAnuM sUtra che. je sUtramAM A traNe dharmonA vyavahAro parovAyelA che. brahmanI vizALatA, ahiMsAvRtti ane prajJA A traNe vAstavamAM to AtmAnI vizALatAne ja IMgita kare che. brAhmaNa, jaina ane bauddha vAstavamAM to eka ja sanAtana dharmane saMbodhatI jIvana rIti che. ahiMsAvicAra : Civilization (saMskRti) no vikAsa e Psychology (mAnasadRSTi) nA vikAsanI sAthe sAthe ja cAle che. sudhArAnA Adi yugamAM sarva prajAmAM mAMsAhAra ane mAMsa vaDe devatArAdhana thatA e suprasiddha che. ApaNA dezamAM A viSayamAM pUrve zI sthiti hatI ane emAMthI vartamAna sthiti zI rIte niSpanna thaI e jANavA jevuM che. e yathArtha rIte jANavA samajavAthI brAhmaNo ane jaino vacceno kahevAto matabheda ane AcAra bheda yathArtha svarUpe samajavAmAM Avaze ane durAgraha ane mithyAgraha maTI AkhI hindI prajA (hinda nivAsI prajA) ekarasa jIvana anubhavaze evo AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. A saMdarbhamAM aitihAsika paddhatie vaidika dharmamAM ahiMsA vicAranI AnaMdazaMkare samIkSAtmaka tapAsa karI che. 163 vaidikadharmamAM upaniSada, bhAgavata ane paMcamahAyajJamAM khAsa karIne ahiMsA vicAra vistarato joI zakAya che. jo ke A vicAramAM sauthI moTuM pradAna mahAvIrasvAmI ane gautamabuddhanA upadezamAM raheluM che ema paNa AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. prAcIna bhAratanA ItihAsa upara dRSTi nAkhatAM AnaMdazaMkara ApaNI itihAsa racanAnI paddhatinI khAmI darzAvI Ape che. keTalAka prAcIna graMtha laI, eno kAlakrama goThavI, temAM rahelA paurvAparya pramANe emAM varNavelI vastusthitinuM paurvAparya mAnavuM ene AnaMdazaMkara itihAsa nirUpaNanI yogya paddhati mAnatA nathI. kAraNake emAM keTalIka vAra pAchaLanA graMthomAM varNavelI sthiti pUrvanA graMtho karatAM paNa pUrvatara hoya che. amuka graMthomAM svasamayanuM citra paNa keTalIka vAra hotuM nathI, amuka rivAja baMdha thaI gayA chatAM paNa pustakamAM rahe che. eka ja graMthamAM ekabIjAthI UlaTAM pratipAdana paNa jovAmAM Ave che. jo ke AvI viSamatA utpanna thavAnAM kAraNo ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "hiMdustAna moTo deza hoI emAM UMcI nIcI bhUmikAno sudhAro ekI vakhate judA judA bhAgamAM pravarto che, Arya ane anArya baMne lokone eka janatAmAM saMgrahavAnI jarUra paDatAM eka ja smRtigraMthamAM baMnenA rItarivAjo saMgrahavA paDyA che. vaLI eka ja gotra yA zAkhAnA rItarivAja haMmezA ekanA eka rahyA nathI, rItiravAja badalAyA chatAM mULa sUtra kAyama rahyAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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164 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana che, vA jUnAM sUtra bhegAM navAM sUtra mukAyAM che, ane svAdhyAya mATe eka zAkhAnA sUtra svIkAravAno anya smRti pramANe AcAra cAlyo che." (dharmavicAra-1, 603) hiMdustAnano prAcIna ItihAsa jotAM RgvadamaMtromAM ApaNane enAM bIja jovA maLe che. te vakhatanI sthiti AhAramAM ane devatArAdhanamAM mizra prakAranI dekhAya che. agaNita sUktomAM devane dUdha ane ghInI Ahutio apAya che. paNa thoDeka sthaLe mAMsanuM balidAna paNa vAMcIe chIe. gAyane mATe eka 'gavA' (Rgvada-parjanyasUktaH 5-8-9, maMtra 8) zabda che. teno artha 'hanana karavA yogya nahi evo thAya che. paNa emAM rahelo niSedha ja enAthI UlaTI sthiti koI koI sthaLe pravartatI haze ema paNa sAkSI pUre che. vedanA brAhmaNa bhAgamAM pazuyAga evA vigatavAra varNavelA che ke e vAkyono anya artha kalpI enA astitva upara DhAMkapichoDo nAkhavo zakya nathI ema AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. ApaNe tyAM keTalAka vidvAnoe Avo prayAsa karyo che. (vaidika vizvadarzana - pR.190 thI 202) te koI paNa rIte ucita nathI. alabatta e paNa svIkAravuM joIe ke e samayamAM hiMdustAnanI vividha prajAmAM dhAnyAhArI varga dhIme dhIme prabaLa thato joI zakAya che. aitareyabrAhmaNamAM jema eka tarapha prAcIna harizcaMdra rAjAnA putra rohitanuM ane ene sthAne zunaHzepanuM balidAna ApavAnI kathA e brAhmaNa karatAM bahu vadhAre prAcIna kathA noMdhAyelI che, tema bIjI tarapha e kathAnA varNananI DhabamAM ja e jAtanA balidAnanI niMdA sucavAya che. e ja graMthamAM bIjA sthaLe pazuhomamAMthI kAlakrame dhAnyahoma zI rIte pragaTa thayo tenI hakIkata ApI che. temAM eka homane ThekANe bIjo homa zI rIte dAkhala thayo tenI saMkrAMtinI rIta paNa batAvI che. je uccatara dharmabhAvanA janmI teNe pazuhomanuM mana manAmaNuM karI ene sthAne dhAnyahomane sthApI dIdho. arthAta dhAnyamAM ja pazunI kalpanA karIne jUnA dharma sAthe dekhIto saMbaMdha rAkhI vastutaH navo dharma pracalita karyo che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 605) manusmRtino nirNaya paNa AnaMdazaMkaranA mate sAmAnyataH mAMsAhAranI viruddha tema ja zrAddhamAM enI tarapha ane vicArazIla jJAnamArgIne mATe viruddha che. paNa emAM chevaTanA siddhAMta paratve sthiti e jaNAya che ke RtikArano nirNaya mAMsAhAranI viruddha che. A saMdarbhamAM mAMsa pakSane Topa' (manusmRti a-5. zloka-pa3) mAMsa bhakSaNamAM koI doSa nathI' - e manusmRtinA vAkyanuM tAtparya phuTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "A vAkyano artha jarA jhINavaTathI samajavAno che. e vAkyamAM RtikAranuM tAtparya naitika (Moral) daSTie mAMsa bhakSaNano bacAva karavAnuM nathI, paNa prAkRta (Natural) dRSTie svabhAvasiddha prANI dharma che eTaluM ja batAvavAnuM che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 605) upaniSadamAM paNa yajJamAM thatI hiMsAnI niMdA karavAmAM AvI che. "tUvA hete adratA For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 165 vara:' (muMDakopaniSada 1-2-7) "A yajJarUpI hoDIo DUbADe evI che' ema spaSTapaNe kahevAmAM AvyuM che. eka tarapha jJAnadharma pradhAna upaniSada pazuhomane niMdya TheravatA hatA to bIjI tarapha bhaktipradhAna bhAgavata dharmanuM paNa A ja kArya rahyuM hatuM. hiMsAtmaka yajJa sAme bhAgavatadharmano virodha mahAbhAratanA nArAyaNa parvamAM sArI rIte jaNAya che. upaniSada ane bhAgavatanA pazuhomanA niSedhane saphaLa karavAmAM paMcamahAyajJanA vidhino vizeSa phALo rahelo che . vedanA brAhmaNa bhAganA athavA to te karatAM paNa kadAca pUrvanA kALathI cAlatA AvelA paMcamahAyajJanA dharmamAM ahiMsAne prathama sthAna ApeluM che ane e paMcayajJa brAhmaNa, jaina ane bauddha sarvee ekasarakhI rIte svIkArelA che. lagabhaga eka ja zabdomAM enuM pratipAdana A traNe paraMparAomAM jovA maLe che. A paMcamahAyajJanA dharmanI prajAjIvana paranI asarane varNavatA AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che ke : ahiMsAdharmanI bhAvanAe prajAnA zrauta yajJa upara ghaNI asara karI. varSane jude jude RtusaMdhine kALe zrutimAM je yajJo karavAnA kahyA hatA temAM bahu bhAge pazunuM balidAna ApavAmAM AvatuM - ene sthAne dhAnyano prayoga dAkhala thayo - ane zrautra yajJoe dhIme dhIme, kALa, jatA, smArta utsavonuM rUpa lIdhuM." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 610) Ama, upaniSada, bhAgavata ane paMcamahAyajJanA dharme ahiMsA dharmane vistAryo. paraMtu A mArgamAM sauthI mahattvano prayAsa mahAvIra svAmI ane gautamabuddhanA upadezomAM jovA maLe che. ahiMsAdharma brAhmaNa ane jaina baMneno che. jainonI vizeSatA e che ke jainoe ene saMpUrNa jIvanamAM utAryo che, to brAhmaNo tene dharmabhAvanA tarIke mAnya karI zakyA che, paNa tene saMpUrNa amalamAM lAvI zakyA nathI. tethI have brAhmaNonI pharaja che ke teoe jaino sAthe maLI e dharmano jIvanamAM saMpUrNa svIkAra karavo joIe." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 612) A sAthe ahiMsApAlananAM keTalAMka vyavahAru sUcano karI AnaMdazaMkara sArarUpa muddA tAravatAM lakhe che: (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 615, 616) (1) "ahiMsA lAbhakAraka che, paNa lAbhakArI ho vA na ho, e vANijya nathI, dharma che." (2) "hiMdustAnamAM - jema hAla tema prAcInakALamAM ahiMsAdharma pUrepUro paLAyo nathI e kharuM, paNa temAM kAraNarUpa keTalIka aitihAsika ane anivArya mAnasika sthiti che. Arya, anArya sarva dharma eka ja dharmaracanAmAM saMgrahavA e saheluM na hatuM. tema deva ane pitRo rakhene nArAja thaze e bhayathI keTalAka ati prAcIna rivAjo, ahiMsAdharma For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana vistaryo chatAM paNa, sAmAnya janasamAjamAM cAlu rahyA. ucca saMskArI janonA AcAramAMthI e dhIme dhIme nIkaLI gayA. A vAstavika aitihAsika sthiti che. paNa emAM hiMdudharmanuM lakSya to haMmezAM ahiMsA tarapha ja rahyuM che ane pRthvI upara ahiMsA dharmanuM sauthI vadhAremAM vadhAre pirapAlana karanAra deza te hiMdustAna che." (3) "ahiMsAdharma e mAtra hRdayanI vRtti nathI, paNa magajanI yojanA ane hAthanI kriyA che : mATe dezakALane anusarI prajAnA koIpaNa varganI lAgaNI duHkhAya nahi e rIte, tathA anukULatAno pUrepUro upayoga karIne eTale ke sarakAranI temaja prajAnA sarva varganI madada meLavIne - e dharmane ApaNA vyavahAramAM mUrtimaMta karavo joIe.' ahiMsA dharma aMgenA AnaMdazaMkaranA uparokta sArarUpa sUcano Aje paNa hiMdustAnane pathadarzaka banI zake tevA che e nirvivAda hakIkata che. IzvarIya jJAna : sarva Indriyagocara laukika dharma eka IndriyAtIta alaukika dharmanA AvirbhAvo che ema pratipAdita karyuM che. dareka dharmamAM Izvara saMbaMdhI jJAna aneka rUpe pragaTa thayeluM che. je paramAtmA yahUdI, khristI ane muslima dharmamAM eka saMkhyAthI nirdiSTa thayo che e ja hiMdu vaidika dharmamAM anekamAM eka rUpe manAya che. paramAtmA jagata banAvIne Agho rahyo nathI, paNa jagata dvArA temaja sAkSAt ema ubhaya rIte manuja AtmA (jIva) sAthe e nitya saMbaMdhathI joDAyelo che. te anusAra je AcAra vicAra karavAmAM Ave che tene ja AnaMdazaMkara 'dharma' kahe che. dareka dharmamAM paramAtmAnA jIva sAthenA nitya saMbaMdhane judA judA svarUpe kalpavAmAM Avyo che. jema ke, rAjA-prajAno saMbaMdha, pitA-putrano, mitra-mitrano, sevya-sevakano ke pati-patnIno ke ananyatAno ke ethI koI judA ja prakArano. A aMge vividha dharmomAM aneka matamatAMtaro jovA maLe che, je parasparanA vivAdonuM kAraNa bane che. paraMtu paramAtmA ane ApaNI vacce koI eka jAtano saMbaMdha che, emAM to sahu eka mata che. spensara jevA 'ajJeyavAdI'o paNa ene 'ajJeya' che eTaluM kahevA pUrato paNa manuSya AtmAnA jJAnano viSaya banAve che. ane ajJeya padArtha potAnA astitva mAtrathI paNa manuja hRdayamAM jevA bhAva bharI zake tevA bhAva 'dharma' zabdanA arthamAM svIkAravA paDe che. kevalAdvaitIo paNa 'naiti naiti' mahAvAkya dvArA jIvano brahma sAthe ananya saMbaMdha svIkAre che ane e ananya saMbaMdhamAM je prakAranI dhArmikatA rahelI che tevI siddha karavA e paNa icche che. A ananyabhAvathI judA evA rAja-prajA ke pitA-putra vagere je saMbaMdhathI jIvAtmA For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 167 paramAtmAno saMbaMdha sUcavAya che e sarva saMbaMdho AnaMdazaMkaranA mate ananyabhAvathI UtaratA che, mithyA nathI, dhArmika puruSoe e saMbaMdhone anubhavyAnA udAharaNo ApaNI pAse che. tethI tene asata kahevA barAbara nathI. vividha dharmomAM rahelI paramAtmA aMgenI A vividha bhAvanAonuM satyarUpa AnaMdazaMkara varNave che. (1) paramAtmA aMgenI eka ati prAcIna vyavasthA rAjAnA rUpakanI che. lagabhaga sarva dharmamAM A mAnyatA phelAyelI che. A rUpaka anusAra paramAtmA jagatano sraSTA mAtra ja nathI, paNa ApaNo rAjA che. arthAt ApaNo niyAmaka che ane ApaNAM sArAM khoTAM karmano phaladAtA che. karmaphaLadAtA tarIkenA IzvaranA AvA svIkAramAM ja AnaMdazaMkara karmano siddhAMta athavA "dharmarAjayanI sthApanAno khyAla' jue che. rAjAnI bhAvanAmAM be tattva che. - zakti ane nyAya IzvaranI zakti upara IslAma dharmamAM bhAra devAmAM Avyo che, ane nyAya upara yahUdI dharmamAM bhAra devAyo che. karmano mahAniyama e paramAtmAnI IcchAnuM pratIta yAne pragaTarUpa che ane jaina tathA bauddha e pratIkanA vizeSa upAsaka che. vaidika dharma karmarUpa pratIkanI upAsanA karavAnI sAthe sAthe e pratIkamAM paramAtmAnuM darzana paNa kare che. IsAI dharma rAjAnI bhAvanAne sthAne pitAnI bhAvanA sthApe che. eTale ke khristI dharma anusAra Izvara kevala rAjA ja nathI, e pitA paNa che. tethI tenI vyavasthAmAM nyAya ane prema bane che. IsunA pahelAM yahUdI dharmamAM paramAtmA rAjA che e bhAvanA pradhAna hatI, paraMtu Isue ene badalIne Izvara pitA che e bhAvanA sthApI. ethI paramAtmAnI yahUdI bhAvanAmAM rAjAnA akaruNa nyAyane badale dayAdri prema dAkhala thayo. jo ke pitAnI bhAvanA mAtra khristI dharmamAM ja che evuM nathI. vastutaH hiMdudharmamAM paNa paramAtmAno pitA svarUpe svIkAra thayelo che. bhagavadgItAmAM paramAtmAne pitAsi nocce vara varasya (bhagavadgItA, adhyAya-18, zloka 43)ane RgyedasaMhitAmAM pitteva putravimarUpaththa (Rgvada : 10-69-10) - pitA jema putrane khoLAmAM le che tema tame paNa ene khoLAmAM lo cho ema kahyuM che. paramAtmA kevaLa pitA ja nathI mAtA paNa che. A baMne rUpa je prAkRtika jagatamAM ekaThAM hotAM nathI e paramAtmAmAM ekaThAM thaIne rahelAM che. vedamAM jagatmAtA aditi prasiddha che. purANomAM paNa jagadaMbAnA asaMkhya madhura ane gaMbhIra stotro che. khristI dharmamAM mAtA merInI bhakti ane eziyA mAInaranI zakti pUjA ne AnI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. joke For Personal & Private Use Only

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168 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana ahIM AnaMdazaMkara noMdhe che ke "khristI dharmanI mAtA merInI bhaktimAM merI paramAtmArUpa manAtI na hatI ane eziyA mAInaranI zakti pUjA kRSidevatAnI kalpanAthI ane enI ja rahasya pUjAthI AgaLa vadhI zakI na hatI." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 632) vedadharmamAM 'da supaLa yunA savAyA samAna vRkSa pariSaddhanA' (Rgvada-1, 164-206) ItyAdi zruti paramAtmAnuM sakhArUpe pratipAdana kare che. e ja bhAvanA pachInA samayamAM nara-nArAyaNa ane kRSNa arjunanA saMbaMdhamAM pragaTa karavAmAM AvI che. kRSNa pratye sudAmA ane uddhavanI bhaktino khulAso paNa sakhA bhAvanAthI ja ApI zakAya che. jo ke pUrve darzAvelA mAtA-pitA ane putranA saMbaMdhanA pramANamAM A mitranA saMbaMdhane AnaMdazaMkara vadhAre UMcA adhikArI mATeno che ema mAne che. (5) paramAtmAne sakhA samajavAthI kyAreka tenI avajJA thaI jAya che. tethI tenAthI paNa vadhu sUkSma bhAvanA tarIke AnaMdazaMkara 'dAsyabhaktine svIkAre che. dAsyabhaktimAM bhakta paramAtmAnI svAmI buddhithI sevA kare che. AvA bhakto paramAtmAne saMpUrNa samarpita hoya che. paraMtu "paramAtmAnI AvI ugra dAsyabhakti AcaravI sahelI nathI. vaLI, keTalAMka hRdaya evAM komaLa ane rasathI bhIMjelAM hoya che ke emane sevavat dAsya rahevAthI saMtoSa thato nathI. emano AtmA paramAtmA sAthe pati-patnI jevo nikaTa saMbaMdha Icche che ane paramAtmAnuM AliMgana (paridhvaMga) karavAno ane enAthI AliMgana pAmavAne talase che. evA janonI sthiti vedadharmanI bhakti zAkhAmAM gopIonI bhaktirUpe upasthita karavAmAM AvI che. A premalakSaNA bhaktimAM hRdaya paramAtmA pratye sahaja premathI AkarSAya che.... e hRdaya nathI jANatuM sevA, nathI jANatuM Atma kalyANa, e jANe che eka ja padArtha - paramAtmA ane paramAtmAno rasa". (dharmavicAra- 1, pR. 632) jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdha batAvatA A sarva rUpakone AnaMdazaMkara yathArtha ane ayathArtha baMne gaNAve che, yathArtha e rIte ke jema ApaNe chIe ane jagata che tema e paNa trIjo ApaNAthI bhinna che. tethI eno ane ApaNo saMbaMdha vividha rUpakothI darzAvI zakAya che. ayathArtha e rIte ke e rUpako paikI koIpaNa eka rUpaka paramAtmAnA svarUpanuM pUrepUruM nirUpaNa karavA mATe paryApta nathI. vaLI paramAtmA e padArthavizeSa (amuka padArtha) nathI. paraMtu padArtha mAtrano tattvabhUta AtmA che. tethI tene padArtha vizeSanI upamA ApI zakAya ja nahi. tethI A sarva rUpakone AnaMdazaMkara aMtima daSTie asaMgata mAne che. tema chatAM manuSya AtmA paramAtmAne koI ne koI rUpa dvArA rAjI karavAnI IcchA to kare ja che. ane mAnavanI viDaMbaNA e che ke te A rUpakamAM paramAtmAne pUrNa rUpe rajU karI zakato nathI. manuja AtmAnI A vicitratA che ke e paramAtmAne For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 169 dUrathI pAse lAvavAnI ane pAse lAvIne dUra mUkavAnI, icchA kare che ! paramAtmAne te potAnI najIka temaja dUra rAkhavA Icche che. "sarvadharmomAM paramAtmAne eka taraphathI avAmana gocara mAnIne bIjI taraphathI ene ja pAcho vAmanagocara karavAmAM Ave che ! A virodhagarbha sthiti manuSya buddhimAM jaDAyelI che. ane ene ja vedAMtIo mAyA ane anirvacanIyatA ItyAdi zabdothI vyavahAre che. avatAra, mUrtipUjA AdinAM pratipAdana ane pratiSedha manuSyanI A ja mAnasa ghaTanAmAMthI utpanna thAya che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 633). hiMdudharma ane khristI dharmamAM paramAtmAnA "avatAra" manAya che. "avatAra' zabdano artha svargamAMthI avataravuM evo AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI, paraMtu avataravuM eTale paramAtmAnuM pragaTa thavuM eTalo ja eno artha svIkAre che. prakRtimAM keTalAMka viziSTa hRdayomAM ane keTalAMka 'vibhUtimatuM' - manuja hRdayomAM viziSTa rUpe paramAtmAnuM prAkaTya thatuM jaNAya che. A tAtvika arthamAM sarvadharmanA siddhAMtamAM avatArano siddhAMta manAyo che. A siddhAMta AnaMdazaMkaranA mate dharmasAmAnyanI "Epistemology' yAne jJAnapramANazAstra ane "Psychology' yAne mAnasazAstra upara racAyelo che. A paramAtmAnuM darzana vividha dharmoe vividha AdarzomAM karyuM che. temAM rahelA bhedo mATe AnaMdazaMkara deza-kAla, puruSa Adi upAdhine kAraNarUpa mAne che. vastutaH dharmanA mULa tattvamAM AnaMdazaMkarane mana koI bheda nathI kAraNake "sarvadharmanA dvAramAMthI eka ja paramAtmAnI jhAMkhI thAya che. A pratyeka dharma jovAthI ane vicAravAthI spaSTa pratIta thAya che ke sAmAnyataH manuSyanA AtmAne dhAraNa karavA, TakAvI rAkhavA mATe je tattva joIe e hareka dharmamAMthI maLI zake che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR-634) arthAt eka ja alaukika dharma nimitta bhedathI aneka rUpa dhAraNa kare che. (2) dharmanuM hArda AdhyAtmika arthapaddhati : dharmavicAra bhAga- 1 pustakanA bIjA khaMDamAM cauda vArtikono samAveza thayelo che. temAM AnaMdazaMkare kevalAdvaitane samagra mAnavajAtanA dharma tarIke pramANavAno prayatna karyo che. A vArtikomAM AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana suMdara rIte nirUpAyeluM che. A vArtikomAM keTalAka jANItA kavionI AdhyAtmika arthasabhara kAvyakRtionA AdhAre AnaMdazaMkara potAnI dharmacarcA upasAve che. temAM pragaTa thatI temanI dharmabhAvanAne jotAM pahelAM pote svIkArelI A paddhati viSe AnaMdazaMkare potAnA vicAro rajU karyA che. tenI spaSTatA karavI jarUrI che. AnaMdazaMkare potAnA lekhone "vArtiko' evuM nAma ApyuM che. vArtikomAM kalpanAnA tattvane khUba ja avakAza hoya che. tethI koI ema dhAre evo saMbhava che ke A vArtikomAM kalpanAne avakAza che. paraMtu AnaMdazaMkara potAnI A paddhatine "AdhyAtmika arthapaddhati' kahe che. A For Personal & Private Use Only

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170 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana artha spaSTa karavAnI paddhati kapolakalpita nathI. bhAratamAM cheka brAhmaNa ane upaniSadamAM paNa e prApta thAya che. niruktakAra yAskamuninI paNa pahelAM A arthapaddhati pracalita hatI. potAnI paddhatinA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : A rIte AdhyAtmika satyo pratipAdana karavAnI rIta atyAre cAlatI pAzcAtya keLavaNInI asaramAM ApaNane game teTalI vicitra lAge, paNa eTaluM smaraNamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke prAcInakALamAM e sarvatra rUDha hatI ema jagatanA prAcIna graMtho jotAM jaNAya che. 'krizciyana thiolojI'nA abhyAsako paNa sAkSI pUrI zakaze ke A paddhatino emAM sArI peThe upayoga thayo che ane thAya paNa che. te svIDanaborga jevAnA paMthamAM ja nahi paNa iMglenDanA "sTeTa carca (rAjya mAnelA saMpradAya) tathA Tenisana vagere kavioe paNa svIkArI che. zeksapiyaranA nATakonI kharI mahattA paNa A paddhatine anusaratAM ja samajAya che. sarvane suvidita che ke enAM pAtro e strIpuruSa ja nathI, paNa mUrtimaMta bhAvo che, enAM nATako e sthULa vyavahAranuM varNana nathI, paNa AdhyAtmika satyonuM pratyakSIkaraNa che. e ja rIte mahAbhArata, purANo vagerenuM paNa che. jarUra mAtra eTalI ja che ke jeTalAM mAna, prema ane AdarapUrvaka pazcimanI prajAomAM zeksapiyarano abhyAsa thAya che teTalAM ja mAna, prema ane AdarapUrvaka Ano abhyAsa thavo joIe." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.233) potAnI A AdhyAtmika arthapaddhatine AnaMdazaMkara Working hypothesis kahe che. A paddhatinA upayogathI ghaNI asvAbhAvika lAgatI vAto svAbhAvika thaI jAya che. graMthakartAnA bhAvamAM tanmaya thaI UMDA UtarI jatAM, kAMIka evo apUrva prakAza sarvatra vyApI rahelo upalabdha thAya che ke jethI karI cULa dRSTine agamya evA nigUDha bhAvo hastAmalakavatuM pratyakSa dekhAya che. A paddhatino upayoga karIne AnaMdazaMkare emanI potAnI pasaMdagInA keTalAka mahAna kavionI AdhyAtmika arthasabhara kRtionuM rasadarzana karAvyuM che. temAM temanI dharmabhAvanA kramazaH pragaTa thatI Ave che. dharmanAM hArdarUpa tattvo jJAna, bhakti, karma, vairAgya vagere viSaya paranA temanA vicAro A rasadarzanone AdhAre tAravI zakAya che. vicAra, lAgaNI ane kriyA e traNa ApaNA anubhavanI ekabIjAthI chUTI na pADI zakAya tevI traNa bAjuo che. A mAnasazAstrIya satyane anurUpa dhArmika jIvanamAM paNa mukhya traNa aMgo che : jJAna, bhakti ane karma. dharmanuM hArda IzvaraniSThA che ane A IzvaraniSThA eka viziSTa prakAranA jIvanamArgamAM pariName che. AnaMdazaMkare karmamArga, bhaktimArga ane jJAnamArga e traNa virodhI lAgatA mArgonuM samAdhAna viziSTa rIte karyuM che. mananI trividha zakti che. manuSyanI buddhi ke tarkazakti mATe jJAnamArga, tenI lAgaNI mATe bhaktimArga ane icchAzakti ke kriyAzakti mATe karmamArga For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 171 Avazyaka che. tema chatAM AnaMdazaMkara buddhino vizeSa Adara kare che. lAgaNI ane kriyA to manuSya ane bIjA prANIomAM samAna che. buddhi ja teno vizeSa dharma che. tenI buddhinA vikAsamAM ja manuSyatvano vikAsa che ) buddhithI ja tenAmAM dharmabuddhi ane tattvaciMtana vikase che. AnaMdazaMkara jJAna ane buddhine vizeSa mahattva Ape che. Ama chatAM teo bhaktinA sthAnane avagaNatA nathI. teo mAne che ke "prapattiyogathI ajJAnanA AvaraNano bhaMga thaI jatAM jJAna siddha thAya ane eno vyavahArika jIvanamAM praveza thAya tenuM nAma brAhmI sthiti. bhaktinAM mULa ane preraNA paNa AdhyAtmika abhedamAM ja rahelA che." (hiMdudarzana - prAkathana, pR. VIII ) Ama, AnaMdazaMkaranA mate dharma e vicArarUpa, kartavyarUpa ke hRdayanA bhAvarUpa ja nathI, paNa e traNeyano adbhuta saMgraha che. matalaba ke jJAna, bhakti ane karmanA vilakSaNa samanvayathI dharmabhAvanAno anubhava vyavahAra karatAM karatAM vikasAvavAno che. temanA mate paramAtmAnuM jJAna e AgaMtuka nathI. e to aMtaramAM ja che. ene mAtra anubhavavAnuM ja che. A daSTie AnaMdazaMkaranI dharmabhAvanA adhyAtma bhAvanA che. (AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanI dharmabhAvanA, pR. 143) jJAna : jIva, jagata ane IzvaranA svarUpa aMgenI ane temanA paraspara saMbaMdha aMgenI keTalIka mULabhUta mAnyatAo dareka dharmamAM anivArya hoya che. A mAnyatAono prAthamika AdhAra zraddhAnuM tattva hoya che. paNa mANasa buddhimAna ane tarkapriya prANI hoI te A mAnyatAonI buddhithI cakAsaNI karavAnI paNa IcchA seve che. tethI dareka dharmamAM jJAnanuM zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana ane aMte sAkSAtkAra karavAno dareka mumukSu prayatna karato hoya che. Ama, jJAna e dharmanuM avibhAjaya aMga che. zrI maNilAla dvivedI 'siddhAMtasAra'mAM jJAna ane bhakti -abheda ane prema - viSe lakhe cheH "jJAna vinA bhakti aMdha rahe che, bhakti vinA jJAna zuSka rahe che. je jANavuM te ja bhajavuM, jANyA vinA bhajAya nahi, ne bhajyA vinA jANavuM kahevAya nahi. vedAMtanuM je aparokSa jJAna te ja bhakti che, bhaktimArgavALAnI premalakSaNA parAbhakti te ja aparokSa jJAna che." (siddhAMtasAra, pR. 183) maNilAlanI A vAta AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. "premalakSaNA bhakti te ja "jJAna" ane aparokSa "jJAna" te ja "bhakti" evo vicAra AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. prakRti puruSano viveka e ApaNA tyAM aparokSajJAna tarIke svIkArAyo che. "eka ajavALI rAtri' (juo pariziSTa-2, kAvya : 6, pR. 294) e nAmanA temanA vArtikamAM AnaMdazaMkara prakRti - puruSamAM paramAtmadarzana zI rIte thaI zake che ane te kevA svarUpamAM thaI zake che tenI carcA kare che. jIvAtmA paramAtmAthI For Personal & Private Use Only

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172 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana sabhara bane tene ja AnaMdazaMkara jIvAtmAnI uccatama ane aMtima lakSya-prApti mAne che. AvI prAptimAM ja AnaMdazaMkara dharmabhAvanAnI sArthakatA joI che. prakRti-puruSamAM paramAtmadarzana aMge AnaMdazaMkara nIce mujabanA vicAro vyakta kare che: (dharmavicAra 1, pR.222) (1) paramAtmA che ane te prakRti -sRSTi racIne pachI dUra jaI beThelo nathI. tema ja vakhato vakhata prakRtinA kAryamAM yatheccha pheraphAra karavA vacce paDe che ema paNa nathI. samasta brahmAMDa paramAtmAnuM kAvya che, emAM enuM pratikSaNa svarUpe pragaTa thAya che ane jema jema e kAvyanA artho anubhavagocara thatA jAya che tema tema eno divya mahimA pratyakSa thato Ave che. (2). prakRti-jaDaprakRti-e paramAtmAnI "aparA prakRti che ane jIvAtmA e enI "parA' kahetAM caDhiyAtI prakRti che, paNa e utkRSTatAnI sAthe ja javAbadArI paNa Ave che. je bhAra pote potAnI meLe sahana karI zake ema nathI, tyAM paramAtmAnA AzrayanI jarUra paDe che. e Azraya paramAtmA bahAra rahI ApI zake nahi. bahAra (viSayabhUta) hovuM e to jaDa (dazya)no dharma che. huM tamArA AtmAne viSaya karato nathI, kAraNake viSayatA te AtmatvathI viruddha che. (huM to mAtra tamArA AtmAnI bahAranI chAyAne ja jJAnagocara karuM chuM. eTale bahAra-viSayabhUta - hovuM e jaDano dharma che e siddhAMta abAdhita rahe che.) tyAre e Azraya paramAtmA AMtara rahIne ja Ape ane AMtara hovuM e kharuM jotAM AtmabhUta hovuM ema che. je je AtmabhUta nathI te bahAra ja che. A arthamAM paramAtmA jIvAtmano AtmA che, nahi ke ghaNIvAra mAnI levAya che tema jIvAtmA te ja paramAtmA. A siddhAMta zaMkarAcAryano na dekhAtAM rAmAnujAcAryanA jevo dekhAya che. paraMtu vastutaH ahi zAMkarasiddhAMta ja rahelo che. tenI spaSTatA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "paramAtmA jIvAtmAno AtmA che ane AtmA e AtmA hovAnA kAraNathI ja tattvabhUta hoI satya padArtha gaNAvA yogya che, eTale paramAtmA e ja satya che, ane jIvAtmA mithyA che. - mATe chevaTe, jIvAtmA pote kAMI ja nathI, jIvAtmA e paramAtmA ja che ema AvI rahe che." (3) A rIte samasta vizva prakRti ne puruSa UbhAyAtmaka paramAtmAnuM -paramAtmarUpa siddha thaI zake che. ahIM 'paramAtmA' e zabdano vAstavika artha 'paramAtmArUpa thAya che. kAraNake enuM te enAthI bhinna ramakaDAM jevuM nathI. A rIte saguNamAMthI nirguNa samajI levAnuM che. jayAM sudhI AvuM paramAtmasvarUpa anubhavAyuM na hoya tyAM sudhI saMsArane kevA svarUpe samajavo ? A praznanA saMdarbhamAM 'hiMDoLo' nAmanA vArtikamAM - 'DraganAtha kuMtAvuM sArI rana ' e For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 173 kAvyapaMktino arthaphuTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara saMsAramAM rahIne ja paramAtmabhAvanI anubhUti kevI rIte karavI tenuM vivaraNa kare che. (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 248) (1) saMsAra e paramArtha satya nathI e vAta saMsAranA saghaLA vyavahAro vacce rahIne paNa bhUlavI nahi. (2) saMsAra paramArtha satya nathI eTaluM ja samaye basa nathI. saMsAramAM paNa paramAtmAno vAsa che e jANavAnuM che. vedAMtanI paribhASAmAM cotarapha mAyA vistarI rahI che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa e mAyAmAM brahmano anupraveza che; ane ethI ja mAyA paNa che eTalA astitvavAcaka zabdanI adhikAriNI bane che. (3) sarvatra paramAtmAno vAsa che evuM parokSa jJAna paNa basa nathI. paramAtmAne potAnI pAse levAnuM mana hovuM joIe. saMsAra bahAra UDIne paramAtmAne khoLavA javAnuM nathI. paramAtmAne ApaNI pAse levAno che, anubhavavAno che. paramAtmA saMsAranI bahAra hoya, to UDavAnI jarUra rahe, je "prANano paNa prANa che' evo nikaTa che, enI zodha mATe bahAra zuM karavA UDavuM paDe ? jayAM juo tyAM e che, saMsAramAM paNa e che. mATe A kahevAtA saMsAramAM paNa jayAM tyAM ene ja "jhulAvyA karo'- ApaNe sarva sAthe rahIne jhulAvIe ane kRtakRtya thaIe." Ama,dharmanA satyo jANavA mATe saMsArane choDavo ja paDe evuM AnaMdazaMkara mAnatA nathI. kahevAtA saMsAranA saMgharSonI vacce paNa paramAtmAnA sAkSAtkAranI tIvra abhilASA hoya to vyakti tenA sudhI pahoMcI zake che. manuSyanA hRdayamAM satata cAlI rahelA saMgharSonI vacce sAcI dhArmikatAvALo manuSya paramAtmA prAptinI jhaMkhanA mATe kevI sthiti anubhave che enuM suMdara Alekhana AnaMdazaMkare 'khAMDAnI dhAra' (juo pariziSTa-2, kAvya: 7, pR. 295) nAmanA vArtikamAM karyuM che. jo paramAtmA meLavavo hoya to e meLavavAno daDha nizcaya joIe. e nizcaya kAMI magajanA vicAra mAtrathI Upajato nathI. samagra AtmAe UchaLI UDavuM joIe, hanumAnajI sUrya tarapha UDyA hatA eTalA vege. kavio kahe che ke samudra taLiye paDelI chIpane varSAbiMdunuM motI jhIlavAnuM mana thAya che tyAre te kyAMthI UpaDI kyAM sudhI pahoMce che ! ema je jIvAtmArUpI chIpane paramAtmArUpI motI aMtaramAM jhIlavuM che ene to pUrepUro vega lAgavo joIe ane sadupadeza mATe eNe aMtara khulluM rAkhI besavuM joIe. ema karavAmAM Ave to paramAtmArUpI motI aMtaramAM jAmyA vinA nahi rahe. e motInI jene kiMmata che enI daSTie gailokyano khajAno paNa eka koDI samAna che." (dharmavicAra-1,pR.246) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana ahIM AnaMdazaMkare vyakta karelI bhAvanA saMsAramAM vasatA dareka mAnavInI che. paNa evI bhAvanA meLavavA mATe uddeza upara dRSTi rAkhIne nizcaya baLathI karma karavuM joIe evI rUpakAtmaka abhivyakti AnaMdazaMkare vArtikanA AdhyAtmika arthanA spaSTIkaraNa dvArA puSTa karI che. bhakti : 174 IzvaraniSThA e dharmanuM hArda che. tethI nirIzvaravAda jema buddhine agrAhya che tema hRdayane paNa agrAhya che. 'cAMdaliyo' (pariziSTa-2, kAvya-8, pR.295) nAmanA vArtikamAM AnaMdazaMkara pUrNa dhArmikatAno vicAra e IzvaranI saMpUrNa zaraNAgati che e batAvavAno prayAsa kare che. "dharma manuSyane lAbhakArI che,- ane enuM aihika jIvana sukhI thAya che ane paralokamAM paNa svargAdika sukha maLe che - evA hetuthI kharA dhArmika AtmAnI dharmamAM pravRtti thatI nathI. tema ja, dharma e Izvare manuSya upara mUkelI pharaja che, e pharaja adA na karIe to IzvaranA gunegAra thaIe, e vicAra paNa pUrNa dhArmikatAno nathI. ekamAM naphA-toTAno hisAba hoI, dharmanuM kharuM tattva je svAparNa eno sarvathA abhAva che. bIjAmAM zuSkatA, kaThoratA, tAbedArInA bhAvo AvI, dharmanA svarUpamAM Avazyaka je ullAsa, AnaMda ane vizuddha svAtaMtrya tenI khoTa rahe che." A baMne karatAM judI temaja vadhu saMtoSakAraka spaSTatA ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che: "jIvAtmAnI sarva bhAvanA paramAtmAbhimukhI thAya tyAre enI buddhi paramAtmAnA svIkAra vinA saMtoSa pAmatI nathI. enuM hRdaya potAno premarasa saMpUrNa anubhavavA mATe paramAtmAne avalaMbe che. enI kartavya bhAvanA paNa phaLa temaja bIjarUpe dharmanI apekSA kare che." (dharmavicAra-1,pR.224) A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che ke : Izvarane badale 'satya', 'ziva', ane 'sauMdarya' no eka akhaMDa paramAtmArUpe sAkSAtkAra e ja parama uddeza che. "je je satya, sauMdarya, sAdhutvanuM darzana thAya che e vastutaH 5ramAtmArUpI satya, suMdara, sAdhu padArthanuM ja darzana thAya che. mAtra te te satya, suMdara, ane sAdhu padArtha te te rUpe na bhajatAM eka akhaMDa sata-cita-AnaMda paramAtmA bhajavo eno sAkSAtkAra karavo, e jIvanano, astitvano parama uddeza, emAM jIvananuM jIvanapaNuM astitvanuM astitvapaNuM." (dharmavicAra1,pR.227) zAMkarasiddhAMta anusAra brahmAnubhavanI apekSAe jagata mithyA bhAse che. mahAna dhArmika AtmAoe A saMsArane rajanIrUpa kahyo che e satya ja che. enA sahaja svIkAramAM ja uttamatA che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. A satyano sahaja svIkAra zA mATe karavo e aMge AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : 'sAmAnya buddhinuM - prAkRta matinuM -jIvana te kevaLa aindriyaka jIvana che ane aindriyaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 175 jIvana e manuSyanuM kharuM jIvana ja nathI. kharuM jIvana AtmAnuM che ane AtmA jyAre dIpI UThe che, tyAre Indriyo paNa enA tejathI saLagI UThI, e tejanA sphaliMgarUpa thaI, AsapAsa vistarI rahelA zyAma aMdhArAne anubhavagocara kare che. vinA teje - netramAM paNa teja na hoya to-aMdhArAnuM astitva siddha thavuM azakya che. e ja pramANe, AtmAnA kiraNa vinA A saMsAra rajanInuM aMdhAruM che eTaluM paNa samajavuM azakya che : mATe ja kahevAnuM ke A vastumAM aMdha prAkRta matine na anusaratAM, pradIpta AtmAjayotiono anubhava pramANa mAno." (dharmavicAra - 1,pR.247) bhaktinuM sAmarthya: Our little Systems have their day They have their day and cease to be : They are but broken lights of thee And thou, my Lord, art more than they. tAtparya ke - "manuSyanA alpavicAro paramAtmAnA AmaMtyane vyApI zakatA nathI. potapotAno samaya bhogavI, Akhare e vicAro nAza pAme che. e vicAro te prabhuno bhAMgyo-tUTyo prakAza mAtra che ane prabhu pote e sarva karatAM adhika che." (dharmavicAra-1,pR.249) - arthAt manuSya buddhi paramAtmAno pAra pAmI zakatI nathI. paramAtmAmAM saMpUrNa zaraNAgati ene ja AnaMdazaMkara prema athavA bhakti kahe che ane te premalakSaNA bhaktine ja teo jJAna tarIke oLakhAve che. paramAtmA che ema jene nizcaya che tevAnA hRdayamAM zUnyabhaktinI zUnyatAno avakAza ja nathI. zaMkarAcAryane anusarI AnaMdazaMkara A vAta spaSTa karI Ape che. nirguNanI bhakti saMbhavatI nathI. nirguNa guNa thaI bhaktane poSe che. paramAtmAno asIma prema bhakta tarapha satata vaheto hoya che. paraMtu tenI pratIti darekane thatI nathI.paramAtmAno Avo prema je bhaktinI zakti che tene samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara "santo re, madhaTI mArUM" e paMktinuM vArtika karI paramAtmapremanI nizAnIonuM nirUpaNa kare che. (dharmavicAra-1,pR.251 thI 255) (1) sAMsArika duHkhane AnaMdazaMkara paramAtmAnA manuSya uparanA premanI pahelI nizAnI gaNe che. paramAtmAnI jenA para kRpA thAya che tenA upara ja e duHkha nAkhe che tevo temano mata che. jo ke dehadamanamAM dharma samAyelo che evuM mAnanArAonI tapazcaryAne AnaMdazaMkara kharI tapazcaryA mAnatA nathI. teo kahe che: ApaNA mATe paramAtmAe tapazcaryAnAM asaMkhya sAdhano sAMsArika duHkharUpe racI mUkyAM che, eno anubhava karI pavitra thavuM, e duHkhanI 'taptamudrA' laI paramAtmAnA sAMnidhyamAM javuM e manuSyano manuSya tarIke parama dharma ane adhikAra che." (dharmavicAra-1,pR.251) duHkhono artha karI tenuM prayojana samajIne pachI duHkho bhogavI pavitra thavAnI kSamatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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176 (2) AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana mAtra manuSya ja dharAve che. tethI ja AnaMdazaMkara duHkhane bhUtakALanI malinatAnuM vizodhana ane bhaviSyakALanI Atmonnatino aruNodaya mAne che. duHkha e jIvananI suTita ghaTanA che evI nizcayavALI vyaktine mana sAMsArika duHkha te paramAtmAnI kRpA sivAya anya rUpe kadI paNa bhAsaze nahi. zubhavAsanA ane zubha AtmabaLane paramAtmAnA premanI bIjI nizAnI tarIke AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. manuSya jIvananI kSaNekSaNa kartavyathI bharelI che. e kartavyo karavA mATe zubhavAsanA ane zubha AtmabaLanI apekSA che. te paramAtmAmAMthI ja manuSyane prApta thAya che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. " evaM taM sAdhu karma kArayati yamurdhvaM ninISate " "jene e ucca bhUmikAe laI javA mAge che tenI pAse e sAruM karma karAve che" - arthAt sarva zubha vAsanAo ane tajanya karma sphurAvanAra prabhu pote ja che." (dharmavicAra-1,pR.252) (3) sarva jaMtuo upara potApaNAnA bhAvane AnaMdazaMkara paramAtmAnA anugrahanI trIjI nizAnI gaNe che. koIne paNa upayogI thavAno utkaTa bhAva tenA hRdayamAM rahe che. A rIte paramAtmApremanI vividha nizAnIonuM nirUpaNa karI AnaMdazaMkara paramAtmAnI bhaktinI zaktine pramANe che ane manuSya mAtrane te premanA adhikArI banavA mATenuM AhvAna Ape che. paramAtmAnA priyapAtra kaI rIte thavAya enI samajUtI AnaMdazaMkara 'dAsyabhakti' (juo pariziSTa-2, kAvya : 9, pR. 296) nAmanA vArtikamAM Ape che. teo jaNAve che keH "manuSya puSkaLa prema, prayAsa ane caturAIthI A saMsArane suMdara banAvavAno che ane prabhune caraNe caDhAvavAno che. mArI jAtane huM zuddha ane suMdara banAvuM ane prabhune arpaNa karuM-kAraNake evuM ja arpaNa e svIkAre che- eTaluM paNa basa nathI. mArI jAtane zuddha ane suMdara banAvavAnI sAthe, A saMsArane paNa huM zuddha ane suMdara banAvuM evI mArI abhilASA ane kRti hovI joIe ane te paNa prabhune arthe ja. jeNe saMsAra sudhAryo eNe prabhunI sevA karI kAraNa ke... (saMsA2)e to nirmaLa kAcanA jevo che, jene para tattvanuM pratibiMba jhIlato karavo athavA jenI pAra paratattvanuM darzana karavuM e ApaNA hAthamAM che. je manuSya 'saMsAramAM saraso' rahIne ja, temAM 'saraso' rahIne paNa 'mana' 'mArI' - pa2mAtmAnI - 'pAsa' rAkhe che, te ja jIvananuM parama ane saMpUrNa prayojana siddha kare che." (dharmavicAra-1,pR.283) ja. - For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 177 nItiH IzvaraniSThAnuM jema buddhi ane hRdayane avalaMbana rahe che tema nItine paNa rahe che. manuSyanI kartavyabhAvanA paNa bIja temaja phaLa rUpe dharmanI apekSA rAkhe che. kartavyakarma karavuM ja joIe e vidhi kyAMthI Avyo ? evo prazna svayaM upasthita karI AnaMdazaMkara tenA uttaramAM manuSya jIvanamAM ubhavatI kartavyanI bhAvanAnuM zuddha svarUpa batAvI Ape che. kartavya karma aMgenA vidhi niSedho jana-samAjamAMthI nathI udbhavatA, kAraNake mahApuruSonA jIvanamAM jovA maLatI udAta kartavya bhAvanA ja e batAve che ke te sAmAnya janasamAjamAMthI nathI udbhavatI. vaLI, vidhiniSedha janasamAjamAMthI ja siddha thato hoya to janasamAjanI uttarottara vRddhi ja na saMbhave. paraMtu jana-samAja satata unnati tarapha jaI rahyo che. A janasamAjane unnata bhUmikAe doravAnuM kAma mahApuruSo kare che. mahApuruSonA ataMramAM AvA vidhiniSedha preranAra caitanyazakti paramAtmA ja che. Ama, kartavyabhAvanAne AnaMdazaMkara prakRtijanya ke vyaktigata e bemAMthI eka paNa mAnatA nathI. temaja jIvathI atyaMta bhinna evo Izvara e bhAvanA utpanna kare che ema kahI zakAtuM nathI. tethI AnaMdazaMkara kartavyabhAvanAne vilakSaNa vidhi kahe che. manuSya jIvanamAM anubhavAtI AvI vilakSaNa kartavyabhAvanAno khulAso karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "A vilakSaNatA e ke kartavyabhAvanA vidhirUpa che, IcchArUpa nathI, chatAM paNa e eka rAjAnA hukama jevo vidhi nathI. e vidhi AcaravAmAM AtmA dabANa anubhavato nathI paNa svAtaMtryano AnaMda mANe che, "have ja huM mArA kharA tattvamAM Avyo' ema anubhave che. arthAt jIvathI para ane jIvamAM evo koIka padArtha A bhAvanA prere che. e ja rIte samAjanA cAlatA nItiniyamo upara manana karatAM emAM paNa keTalIka kartavyabhAvanA siddha thayelI che tathA thavI bAkI rahe che. prakRti paNa kartavyabhAvanA siddha thavAnuM sthAna che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa emAMthI paNa e saMbaMdhe upayogI bodha maLe che. A rIte jemAMthI e bhAvanAno avatAra che e tattva sarvathA jIva-samAja-prakRtithI bhinna nathI, paNa tarUpa-tatathI para chatAM tatva-rUpa che" (dharmavicAra-1,pR.228) IzvaraniSThAthI kartavyabhAvanAnA mArge anusaraNa karanArI vyaktio nyAya-kartavyanA mArgane prANAte paNa choDatA nathI. AvI vyaktionA jIvanamAM temanI AsapAsanA vAtAvaraNa sAthe saMgharSa anivArya thaI paDe che. Ama hovA chatAM temanI dRSTi kartavyatAnA mArga upara ja TharelI hoya che. sukha-duHkha rUpI pariNAma upara jarA paNa lakSa devAnuM hotuM nathI. jo ke Ano artha evo nathI ke AnaMdazaMkarane mana kartavyaparAyaNatAno mArga haMmezAM azAMtithI ja For Personal & Private Use Only

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178 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana bharelo hoya che. kartavyaparAyaNatAno mArga jo azAMtithI ja bharelo hoya to paramAtmAnI A vizvavyavasthAmAM e moTI khAmI gaNAya. tethI kartavyatAno mArga ja sAcI zAMtino mArga che. kartavyabuddhine AnaMdazaMkara svataH siddha gaNe che. emane mana nItino pAyo adhyAtma che. A daSTie AnaMdazaMkara mANasanA sarva karmone karAvanAra Izvara che ema svIkAre che. ahaMkatva buddhi vilaya pAmI gaI che temane to - "huM karato nathI, paNa paramAtmA kare che." tevuM bhAna satata rahe che. mANasanuM kartutva ane IzvaranuM kArayitRtva e baMneno khulAso AnaMdazaMkara vedAMtanA daSTibiMdue karI Ape che. temanA mate, "jIvane upAdhikRta kartutva che, paNa kArayitRtva to IzvaranuM ja che.- kare che jIva, karAve che Izvara" (dharmavicAra-1, pR.2para-253) TUMkamAM jIvadaSTie jIvanuM kartRtva ane IzvarasRSTimAM IzvaranuM kArayitRtva ane chatAM karmanirliptatA e siddha karI zakAya che. vairAgya : jJAna, bhakti ane karma ke nIti e dhArmika jIvananAM Avazyaka pAsA che. A traNene siddha karavA mATe Indriyanigraha ane manonigrahanI jarUra paDe che. A Indriyanigraha ane manonigraha vairAgyathI zakya bane che. tethI vairAgya paNa dhArmika jIvananI jarUriyAta banI jAya che. kharI rIte jene IzvaramAM prema thAya che tene jagatanA koIpaNa padArthanI Asakti rahetI nathI. Ama, vairAgyano artha anAsakti evo thAya che. A jAtano vairAgya jagatanA duHkhonA kaMTALAmAMthI janmelo nathI hoto, paNa jagatanA svarUpanA sAcA jJAnamAMthI niSpanna thayelo hoya che. jJAnamArga, bhaktimArga ane karmamArgamAM vairAgyanI bhAvanAne AnaMdazaMkara e traNemAM rahelI mULabhUta bhAvanA gaNe che. paramAtmA prApti mATe sauthI paheluM ane Avazyaka pagathiyuM vairAgya che. potAnA A vicAranA AdhAra svarUpe "Atmanivedana" (pariziSTa-2, kAvya-10, pR. 296) nAmanA vArtikamAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che : "jagatanA vyavahAra tarapha kAMI paNa aruci utpanna thayA vinA manuSya paramAtmAbhimukha thaI zakato nathI. ane jo ke pariNAme jagatamAM paNa jJAnIne paramAtmA darzana ja thAya che tathApi AraMbhamAM jagata upara jagatarUpe tyAjyabuddhi thavI jarUranI che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.201) jagata uparanI mamatA sarva prathama dUra thavI joIe. kAraNa tyAM sudhI sahaja vizAlatA zakaya banatI nathI. paramAtmA ja AtmAno kharo Azraya, AtmAnuM paramaprayojana - rasanuM sthAna che. Ama paramAtmA mATenI ananya prIti ja vairAgyanuM mULa che. tenA abhAvamAM manuSya jJAna, karma ke bhaktinA mArge cAlI potAnI lakSya prAptimAM saphaLa raheto nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #192
AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana jagatamAM rahIne paNa paramAtmAnuM ciMtana thaI zake che. zrImadbhagavadgItAne AdhAre pravRttimAM ja kharI nivRtti che ema kahevAmAM Ave che. vedAMta siddhAMta pramANe paNa 'brAhmIsthiti' jJAnAtmaka che, karmAtmaka nathI. arthAt emAM kaMI karIne ke na karIne prApta karavAnuM nathI paNa je che te ja amuka svarUpe yathArtha samajavAnuM che. AvA vicAromAM mahadaMze ghaNuM satya chupAyeluM che. paraMtu AvA vicArone AdhAre paramAtmA premanI sAcI bhAvanAthI prerAyelA tyAgane (vairAgya) paNa niMdavAmAM Ave che te yogya nathI. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che ke, "hAlanA samayamAM ghaNe bhAge A vicAro saMsAranI lolupatA ( worldiness) mAMthI ja utpanna thaI zrImadbhagavadgItAnA dekhItA Azraya nIce samarthana pAme che. vastutaH to dharmabhAvanAmAM vairAgya eka Avazyaka aMza che." (dharmavicAra-1,pR.201) vairAgya jIvanI nirbaLatAmAMthI udbhavI zake nahIM ! te paramAtma tattva pratyenA divya premamAMthI upasato nizcaya rUpa vairAgya che. Ama paramatattvanAM zuddha prema vagara sAco vairAgya zakya nathI. 179 nAradanA nAradabhaktisUtramAM bhaktinuM paramapremarUpA evuM lakSaNa ApI prema vA bhaktinuM svarUpa samajAvyuM che. teno AdhAra laI AnaMdazaMkara paramAtmAmAM akhila karmanuM arpaNa karavuM ane enA kSaNamAtra vismaraNamAM paNa atyaMta vyAkuLatA anubhavavI enuM nAma ja prema athavA bhakti che ema svIkAre che. Avo prema-pa2mAtmAprema-ene ja AnaMdazaMkara 'amRtatva'nuM sAdhana mAne che. kAraNake evA premamAM ja AtmAne svasvarUpano sAkSAtkAra thavAnI zakyatA teo nihALe che. AtmAnA AvA svasvarUpanA sAkSAtkArane ja AnaMdazaMkara 'amRtatva' kahe che. amRtatvane AnaMdazaMkara AtmAno nitya svabhAva mAne che. sAthe sAthe teo amRtatvane jJAnalabhya mAne che. ApaNe je amRtatvane anubhavavAnuM che te AtmAnI amuka cAlu sthitirUpa nathI-arthAt daizika ke kAlika 'amRtatva' e kharuM 'amRtatva' nathI. evuM amRtatva AtmAne tRSTi ne badale mAtra kaMTALo ja Ape che. Ama viSayatAnA pradezathI AtmAnuM para hovuM e ja kharuM 'amRtatva' che, ane e pramAtAnuM, amRtatva che mATe ja e viSayatAnA pradezathI atIta hoI kriyAsAdhya nathI paNa jJAnasAdhya che. (dharmavicAra 1 pR.204) A amRtatvano sAkSAta anubhava tarkanA pradezathI bahAra che. premalakSaNA bhakti te ja 'jJAna' ane aparokSa jJAna te ja 'bhakti' evo siddhAMta svIkArI AnaMdazaMkara e ubhayanI ekatA prasthApita karatAM kahe che : "zraddhAe karI AtmA bhaya, zaMkA Adi doSamukta thAya che, premathI enAmAM caitanyano vikAsa thaI AnaMdanuM bhAna thAya che. jJAna vaDe paNa A ja padArtha prApta karavAnA che ane emAM paNa zraddhA ane prema judI rIte jarUranAM che, kemake e vinA jJAna asthira, zithila, zuSka ane parokSa rahe che." (dharmavicAra 1 - pR.204) For Personal & Private Use Only

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180 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana Ama, jagata tarapha vairAgya ane dayA temaja paramAtmA tarapha jJAnamaya prema ane zraddhA e bhAgavatajananI svAbhAvika vRttio che. Ama chatAM vairAgyabhAvanA e jIvonI paramAtma prApti mATe jIvone atyaMta Avazyaka che. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "prabhu pratye prema e ja vairAgyano kharo artha che. A prema ane Artasvare zaraNAgati e ja saMsArarUpI "grAhanA mukhamAMthI chUTavAnuM parama sAdhana che. prema, zaraNAgati e hRdayano bhAva che, paNa pariNAmamAM e manuSyanA sarva svarUpane vyApI nAkhe che." (dharmavicAra 1 - pR.216) Ama, saMsAranuM mohaka svarUpa, enA aMtaramAM rahelo "mRtyu'rUpI mahAbhaya, e bhayamAMthI mukta thavA mATenAM sAdhanomAM prabhunI saMpUrNa zaraNAgatithI prerAyelo vairAgya e ja dharmavRttimAM atyaMta agatyanuM prasthAna biMdu che ema AnaMdazaMkaranA vicAromAMthI spaSTa thAya che. prabhunI saMpUrNa zaraNAgatithI prerAyelA vairAgya saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che ke "huM je je karuM chuM te paramAtmAnI preraNAthI ja karuM chuM, huM karato nathI paNa paramAtmA ja kare che, ema jo zuddha bhAvanAthI mAnavAmAM Ave to manuSya hRdayamAMthI pApa samULa nAza pAmI puNyavRtti svAbhAvika ane saraLa rIte puSpamAMthI sugaMdha prasare che tema-prasare emAM saMdeha nathI." (dharmavicAra 1 - pR. 221) jJAna ane karmanI vilakSaNatAH saravarAzi pAvaMta e jJAna AtmAmAM jema adhika adhika praveza karatuM Ave che tema AtmA e jJAnarUpa thato jAya che. ane krame krame jJAna-ajJAnanuM bAdhaka che e vRttino paNa vilaya thaI jaI, aMte jJAna ja svayaM ekaluM prakAze che. (dharmavicAra -1 pR. 186) AvA bhagavajUjanamAM jJAna uparAMta karmanI AvazyakatA che ema darzAvI AnaMdazaMkara jJAnInA karmanI vilakSaNatA darzAve che. "je sarva bhUtamAM bhagavata-AtmAne jue che ane bhagavata-AtmAmAM sarva bhUtane jue che." - A vedAMta siddhAMtane AnaMdazaMkara sarvazreSTha siddhAMta tarIke svIkAre che. "Ama, mana, hRdaya ane kriyA traNe vaDe bhUtamAtramAM je AtmasvarUpa bhagavAnanuM darzana kare che te ja kharo - saMpUrNa arthamAM 'bhAgavata" eTale bhagavarjana che." (dharmavicAra -1 pR. 193) sara/varAza mAvaMta ne AnaMdazaMkara sarvazreSTha vedAMta siddhAMta tarIke sthApita kare che ane traNa siddhAMto phalita kare che : (dharmavicAra :1, pR. 198). (1) daSTi-eTale jJAna-zabdanA arthamAM jJAna, karma ane bhakti traNeno samAveza karavAno che. (2) tiraskAra-hananAdi kriyA, je sAdhAraNa rIte jotAM pAparUpa che, temAM paNa kartavyabuddhi prApta thatAM bhagavasAkSAtkAra thAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 181 (3) svArthatyAgamAM abhedAnubhava thaI zake che. tethI kartavyaparAyaNa thavuM e tattvamasi Adi vedAMtanA mahAvAkyarthanA anubhavane virodhI nathI, kintu anurodhI che. maityAdi bhAvanA : yogavAsiSTha rAmAyaNamAM vasiSThamunie dharmabhAvanA anubhavavA mATeno sAdhanAkrama batAvyo che. tenA upara ciMtana karI AnaMdazaMkare "maityAdibhAvanA'e nAme lekha lakhela che. temAM karmatyAga pachI vAsanAnA tyAga viSe AnaMdazaMkare vicAryuM che. yogavAsiSTha rAmAyaNamAM nIce pramANe sAdhanAkrama darzAvelo cheH (1) bAhya malina vAsanAno tyAga (2) AMtara malina vAsanAno tyAga (3) nirmaLa vAsanAnuM -maityAdibhAvanAonuM grahaNa (4) vicAra ane vivekarUpI jJAnadazAmAM eno lAbha (5) viveka-jJAnano paramAtmasAkSAtkAramAM eTale "sama' ane 'zeSa' (pa2) padArthanA vijJAnamAM laya-sthira samAdhi sAdhanAkramanI uparokta pAMca kakSAomAMthI AnaMdazaMkara tRtIya kakSAe rahelI maityAdibhAvanA' ke jenI eka bAjue bAhya ane AMtaravairAgya, ane bIjI bAjue apara ane para jJAna rahelAM che teno vicAra kare che. A trIjI bhUmikAne AnaMdazaMkara uparokta sAdhanAkramanuM nAbhisthAna mAne che, kAraNake A kakSA ja temane mana eka tarapha vairAgyane ramaNIya, rasamaya ane sArthaka banAve che ane bIjI tarapha paramAtmAnA aparokSa jJAnane sulabha ane yathArtha karI Ape che. maharSi pataMjalI paNa "maitrI', "karuNA' Adi bhAvanAnA sadAcArane yoganA sAdhana tarIke svIkAre che. yogasUtra anusAra, "sukha, duHkha, puNya ane pApa viSayaka krame karI maitrI, karuNA, muditA ane upekSAnI bhAvanA karavAthI cittaprasAda thAya che. ahIM 'cittaprasAda" eTale 'nirmaLatAjanya AnaMda' evo artha karI AnaMdazaMkara pataMjalimunino upadeza spaSTa karatAM kahe che : "sAdhake AntarAvalokanathI nakkI karavAnI bAbata e che ke je AnaMda utpanna thayo che te nirmaLa che ke emAM paramAtmAthI bhinna evA koI paNa malina padArthanI gaMdha rahI che. A dvitIya pakSa samajAya to sAdhake vRthA kRtakRtyatAno daMbha na karatAM A sUtramAM darzAvela mArge punaH punaH pravRtti karavI, arthAta maicAdibhAvanA AcaravI, jethI kharo 'cittaprasAda' nAma nirmaLa AnaMda prApta thaze ema pataMjali munino upadeza che." (dharmavicAra -1 pR. 106) For Personal & Private Use Only

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182 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana - cittane malina karanAra padArtha cAra che : rAga, dveSa, puNya ane pApa. A malina vAsanAono tyAga mAtra karmarahita thaI javAthI thato nathI paNa tenI virodhI pavitra vAsanAo hRdayamAM jAgRta karavAthI ja A malina vAsanAo choDI zakAya che. pataMjaline anusarI AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "mane sarva prakAranuM sukha ho" evI rAgayukta bhAvanAnI jagyAe "sarva sukho che te mArAM ja che." e prakAranI maitrInI bhAvanA karavAthI rAganI nivRtti thAya che. te ja rIte "AvuM du:kha mane kadI na thAo evI dveSayukta vRttine sthAne "mArI mAphaka anya koIne paNa duHkha na thAo' e prakAre duHkhI prANIomAM karuNAnI bhAvanA karavAthI vairAdi dveSanI nivRtti thAya che ane citta "prasanna thAya che. Ama, rAga ane dveSathI citta malina thAya che. jyAre e baMnene badale maitrI ane karuNA sthApavAthI prasannatA nirmaLatA ane AnaMda Ave che. maitrInI bhAvanA karavAthI rAganI sAthe sAthe asUyA ItyAdi doSonI paNa nivRtti thaI jAya che. temaja karuNAnI bhAvanA karavAthI zatruvadhAdi utpanna karanAra daiSanI jema ja anya duHkhI che ane huM kevo sukhI chuM evA bhAvamAMthI utpanna thato darpa paNa nivRtta thAya che. maitrI ane karuNAnI jema "muditA" ane "upekSAnI bhAvanAnA svarUpane paNa AnaMdazaMkara varNave che. jo manuSya muditAnI bhAvanA puNyazALI puruSomAM kare, emanA kRtyothI prasanna thAya, to vinA pramAde e pote puNyabhAvamAM Ave. e ja rIte pApIo pratye udAsInavRtti rAkhe, emanAM kRtyo tarapha aruci rAkhe to pote pApamAMthI nivRtta rahe. " A rIte puNyamAM khAmI na AvavAthI ane pApamAMthI nivRtti rahevAthI pazcAttApanuM kAraNa rahetuM nathI ane pazcAttApane abhAve citta 'prasanna' rahe che." (dharmavicAra -1 pR. 108) A saMdarbhamAM vyaktinA kartutvane nirdezatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, vyaktie Atma parIkSaNa karavuM joIe. teo jaNAve che ke, "dareka jaNe potAnuM citta prathama tapAsI, temAM jyAre jyAre ane jeTalI jeTalI malina vAsanAono udaya thAya tyAre tyAre ane teTalI teTalI e malina vAsanAnI virodhI zubha vAsanAono abhyAsa karavo. " (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 109) samagra carcAnA aMte sarvee vicAra temaja AcAramAM haMmeza mATe smaraNamAM rAkhavA jevA keTalAka siddhAMto AnaMdazaMkara tAravI batAve che : (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 111) (1) "cittaprasAda eTale kevaLa AnaMda nahi, paNa nirmaLatAjanya AnaMda. (2) malina vAsanAono tyAga karmarahita thavAthI thato nathI, paNa tadirodhI pavitra vAsanAno udaya thavAthI thAya che. (3) A pavitra vAsanA te "maitrI', "karuNA', 'muditA', 'upekSA', e cAra bhAvanA temaja For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 183 (4) maitrI, , 'devI saMpadu anya jJAnasAdhana, jIvanamukti, sthitaprajJa AdinA je dharma kahyA che te sarve, ItyAdi. maitrI' ane 'karuNA" e vicAranI dazAmAMthI AcAramAM pariNamavI ja joIe ane tema thavA mATe "muditA' ane 'upekSA" upayogI che. (5) yogI puruSa puNya-satkarma thI nivRtta thato nathI. ane pApamAM pravartato nathI. satkarma - niSkAma satkarmamAM - pravRtti ane pApathI nivRtti e yogInAM khAsa lakSaNa che. (6) pote potAnA doSarUpa Atmaroga-anyanA doSava-zodhI kADhI, e dUra karavA mATe saMnyAsa, viveka Adi yogya auSadha-sevana karavuM. (3) hiMdudharmanI lAkSaNikatA AnaMdazaMkara dharma ane tattvajJAnane svAbhAvika rIte ja abhinna mAne che. "dharmavicAra -1 ane 2"mAM saMpAdita temanA lekhomAM tattvajJAnamAMthI dharma taraphanI ane dharmamAMthI tattvajJAna taraphanI temanI vicAra dizA jovA maLe che. "dharma"no AnaMdazaMkarane mana eka cokkasa artha che. "dharma"no rUDha artha vividha dharmonA paricayamAM prayojAto hovA chatAM, AnaMdazaMkaranA mate sarvadharmo mULa "dharmanA dezakAla ane vyavahAra nita vivarte che. "ApaNo dharma' nAmanA temanA eka lekhamAM dharmaviSayaka temanuM dRSTibiMdu vyakta thAya che. ahIM ja te potAnuM ApaNA dharma aMgenuM dRSTibiMdu brAhmadharma rUpe hiMdudharmane samajAve che. tene AdhAre ja ApaNA dharmanA vyavahAramAM pravartamAna svarUpanI AnaMdazaMkara carcA kare che. "dharmavicAra-2'mAMnA hiMdu-vedadharma viSayaka tathA anya lekhomAM temaNe hiMdu-vedadharmanuM vigatavAra nirUpaNa karI tenA sAcA mULa svarUpane ane hArdane pragaTa karI ApyuM che. buddhipradhAna tattvajJAna, anubhUti ke UrmipradhAna dharma ane karmapradhAna vyavahAra e traNeyano samanvaya bhAratIya abhigamamAM apekSita che. "dharmavicAra-2'nA saMpAdita lekhomAM AnaMdazaMkaranI hiMdudharma vizenI vicAraNA kendra sthAne che. temAM temaNe hiMdudharmanI zAkhAo jemAMthI pragaTa thaI te vividha AcAryonA abhigamono je sAragrAhI ane taTastha rIte paricaya Apyo che tathA hiMdu vedadharma sivAyanA bhAratIya dharmo jaina ane bauddhanA paricayamAM te dharmonI samaja pragaTa karI che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa IsAI vagere uparAMta vizvanA bIjA dharmo viSe paNa tajajJatAthI vAta karI che temAM temanI sUkSma dharmadaSTi vyakta thatI jovA maLe che. AnaMdazaMkaranI dharmabhAvanAnA nirUpaNa vakhate ApaNe joyuM ke temanI dRSTi samanvayAtmaka che. temaNe karma, bhakti ane jJAna e paraspara virodhI lAgatA mArgono samanvaya karyo che. AnaMdazaMkara dharmane nIti karatAM vadhAre vizALa ane UMDo mAne che arthAtu dharmanA vyApaka parighamAM teo nItino samAveza kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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184 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana hiMdu dharmanuM lakSaNa : dharmanuM kharuM svarUpa jANavA mATe, prathama jagatanA vividha dharmomAM dharmanuM svarUpa zuM che tathA kevA kevA AcAra vicAra cAle che e jANavuM agatyanuM che. AnaMdazaMkara ema mAne che ke viziSTa dharmanuM viziSTa svarUpa jANyA pachI ja dharmanuM sAmAnya svarUpa tAravI zakAya ane e svarUpa ApaNA aMtarane tRpta karI zake ema che ke kema e vicArI zakAya. sarva prathama temaNe hiMdu dharmanuM lakSaNa bAMdhavAno prayatna karyo che. amuka cokkasa vyaktinA nAmathI cAlelA dharmanuM - jema ke Isu khrista pravartAvelo dharma te khristI dharma - lakSaNa bAMdhavAnI thoDI saraLatA rahe che. paNa hiMdudharmamAM A rIte koI lakSaNa bAMdhI zakAtuM nathI. sau prathama hiMdudharma kone kahevo ? evA praznanA uttaramAM AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmanAM vividha lakSaNo tapAse che. (dharmavicAra- 2, pR.1, 2) (1) keTalAka vedamAM zraddhA rAkhe te hiMdu evuM hiMdudharmanuM lakSaNa bAMdhe che. A lakSaNanI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke jaino, jeo vastIpatrakanA vibhAga dAkhala thatAM pahelAM potAne hiMduo ja jANatA hatA, ane te sivAyanA vyavahAramAM hajI paNa jANe che ...te vedane mAnatA nathI. A uparAMta hiMduomAM moTI saMkhyA evI che ke je vedanuM nAma mAtra ja jANe che, ane dharma to te-te paMthano ja pALe che. Ama, teo vedano niSedha karatA nathI e kharuM, paraMtu vedamAM zraddhA e emanA dharmanuM jIvAtubhUtatattva che ema kahI zakAtuM nathI. (2) keTalAka varNAzrama dharmane hiMdudharmanuM tattva TharAve che. varNAzrama dharma atyAre bahu thoDo paLAya che ane temAM paNa varNavyavasthA je eka sAmAjika vyavasthA che tene ja dharmanA tattva tarIke oLakhavuM barAbara nathI. Ama, varNavyavasthA hiMdudharmamAM Avazyaka che ema mAnIe to paNa ekalI sAmAjika vyavasthAthI samagra dharmanuM svarUpa bAMdhI zakAya nahi. (3). keTalAka soLa saMskArane hiMdudharmanuM Avazyaka tattva mAne che. A matanI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, saMskAra paNa atyAre lagna, janoI ane maraNakriyA sivAya bahu thoDA pramANamAM anusaravAmAM Ave che. te saghaLA hiMduomAM zAstrokta rIte thatA nathI. AthI tene paNa hiMdu dharmanA hArda tarIke svIkArI zakAya nahIM. (4) keTalAka karma, punarjanma ane mokSa vizenI mAnyatAne hiMdudharmanuM mukhya tattva gaNAve che. to keTalAka kuladevatA, paMcAyatana devanI pUjA, avatAranI mAnyatA ane zrAddhanI kriyAone umere che. karma, punarjanma ane mokSanA siddhAMto tathA zrAddha, paMcAyatane pUjA vagere kriyAo e ja hiMdudharmanuM tattva che ema paNa AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. kAraNake For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 185 karma ane punarjanmano siddhAMta eTale A jagatamAM nItinuM rAjya che evI mAnyatA. AvI eka mAnyatAne samagra hiMdudharmanuM tattvarUpa mAnavA AnaMdazaMkara taiyAra nathI. A uparAMta mokSano siddhAMta khristI dharmamAM paNa che. temaja bIjA keTalAka dharmomAM zrAddhanI kriyAo paNa jovA maLe che. tethI mokSa ane zrAddhanI mAnyatA e hiMdudharmanuM viziSTa lakSaNa che ema kahI zakAya tema nathI. kuLadevatAnI pUjA ardhasudharelA ane ToLIo bAMdhI vasatA ghaNA prAcIna lokomAM jovAmAM Ave che ane hiMduomAM paNa badhA ja kAMI kuLadevatAnI pUjA karatA ke jANatA nathI. vaLI, paMcAyatananA pAMca devanI pUjA paNa saghaLA hiMduo kare che tema svIkArI zakAya ema nathI. ghaNA hiMduo emAMnA eka eka devane ja mAnanArA, athavA to vizeSanAma rahita kevala paramAtmAne ja mAnanArA hoya che. (6) keTalAya gAya, brAhmaNa ane veda e traNa sAdA tattvone ja hiMdudharmanA mukhya tattvo mAne che. A matanI sAme AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke hiMduonI jema jarathostIo paNa gAyane pavitra mAne che. temaja brAhmaNa ane vedane jaino mAnatA nathI. tethI gAya, brAhmaNa ane veda e traNa tattvone mukhya gaNI zakAya nahIM. uparokta vividha matonI carcA parathI jaNAya che ke hiMdudharmanuM koI eka sarva svIkArya lakSaNa bAMdhI zakAtuM nathI. kAraNake tema karavA jatAM aneka muzkelIo Ave che. paraMtu AnaMdazaMkara A muzkelIone hiMdudharmanuM dUSaNa nathI mAnatA paNa bhUSaNa mAne che, kAraNake prakRtimAM jema vastu UMcI tema enI saMghaTanAmAM vadhAre jhINavaTa ane vadhAre gUMca jovA maLe che. temaja vastu jeTalI sUkSma tema tenuM lakSaNa bAMdhavuM paNa vadhAre muzkela bane che. jagatanA sarva dharmomAM A muzkelI e enA jIvaMtapaNAnI ja nizAnI che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahe che. nirjIva karatAM sajIva padArthanuM lakSaNa bAMdhavuM vadhAre muzkela bane che. evA padArthanuM lakSaNa bAMdhavAno AnaMdazaMkarane mana eka ja mArga che te e ke enA jIvananA samagra ItihAsane enA lakSaNamAM praveza karAvavo ane pachI e ItihAsane varNavavo. A dRSTie hiMdudharmanuM lakSaNa bAMdhatA AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : jayArathI Aryo siMdhunadInA pradezamAM vasatA ApaNA jANavAmAM Ave che ane jayArathI anya AryothI potAnI jamAvaTa karI beThelA ApaNe emane joIe chIe - tyAranA svarUpathI mAMDIne eka jIvaMta zakti tarIke e dharmamAM je je dhArmika vikAsa thayo te sarvene ApaNe 'hiMdu dharma' evuM nAma ApIzuM. e ItihAsanA eka khaMDane paNa je koI ja potAno karI mAne che te sarvane "hiMdu' kahIzuM." (dharmavicAra - 2, pR.3) jo ke A lakSaNa svIkAravAnI sAthe sAthe keTalAka aitihAsika saMdarbhonI tapAsa paNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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186 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana jarUrI che. te aMge AnaMdazaMkare keTalAka khulAsA karela che. te anusAra... (1) "pro. maeNksamUlaranA mate Arya eTale amuka AryabhASA bolanArA, pachI te game te jAtinA ho, paNa e bhASA bolanArA lokomAMno keTaloka bhAga to eka jAtino ja haze ema enAM zArIrika lakSaNo uparathI gaNAya che." "Aryo bahArathI AvI sidhu nadInA pradezamAM vasyA che evuM atrenA AryonuM smaraNa nathI. paNa keTalAka pramANa uparathI yuropiyana vidvAnoe A kalpanA karI che. jo Aryo mULa A dezanA ja vatanI hoya to DuMgaromAM ane jaMgalomAM je anArya lokonI vastI joIe chIe te saMbhave nahi. ekabIjAthI taddana bhinna evA loko eka ja dezanA mULa vatanI kema hoI zake ? draviDa jAtinA loko paNa e ja pramANe - AryothI paNa pUrve bahArathI AvelA che ane atrenI mULa jaMgalI vastI karatAM judA che. Aryo kyAMthI AvI vasyA che te viSe vidvAnomAM matabheda che. keTalAka madhya eziyAne, keTalAMka pUrva yuropane ane keTalAka uttaradhruvane AryonuM mULa raheThANa mAne che." A pahelAM e lokonA dharmanuM zuM svarUpa hatuM eno pUrepUro nirNaya karavo atyAre muzkela che. hiMdu, IrAnI, grIka, romana vagere Arya prajAnI bhASA tathA temanA dharmanAM sAmAnya tattvo tAravI e uparathI mULa Arya jAtinA dharmanuM svarUpa nakkI karavAno vidvAnoe yatna karyo che, paraMtu eTalAmAM ja Arya jAtinA mULa dharmano samAveza thaI jAya che ema kahevA mATe koI AdhAra nathI. A aMge vadhu spaSTatA karatAM estara solomana potAnA 'hiMdudarzana' graMthanI prastAvanAmAM noMdhe che: kAspiyana sarovara ane enI AsapAsanI nadIonA kAMThAnI prAcIna sudharelI prajA je Arya jAti kahevAya che, e to ghaNA jUnA vakhatathI grIsa, roma, IrAna, hiMdustAna ema judI judI bAjue verAI gaI hatI. A Arya prajA siMdhu nadIne kAMThe vasI, tyAMthI gaMgA-yamunA pradezamAM AgaLa vadhI ane pachI dakSiNamAM dAkhala thaI. siMdhu ane gaMgAyamunAnA pradezamAM A Arya lokoe je dharma keLavyo te ja dakSiNa hiMdustAnamAM prasaryo. Ama, siMdhu ane gaMgA nadInA pradezamAM keLavAyelo dharma ghaNo jUno che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa A dharmanI asara jUnA kALamAM hiMdustAnanI bahAra pazcimamAM misara sudhI, dakSiNa pUrvamAM laMkA, brahmadeza ane jAvA-sumAtrAnA TApuo sudhI tathA uttara-pUrvamAM tibeTa, cIna ane jApAna sudhI prasarI hatI. A dharmane ApaNe enA mULa utpattisthAna siMdhu uparathI 'hiMdu dharma' kahIe chIe." (hiMdu darzana, pR.9) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana A dharmanA hajAro varSa upara thayelA prAcIna graMtho hajI hayAta che. A dharmanA AkAramAM deza-kALa pramANe ghaNA pheraphAra thayA che, to paNa enA mULa tattva - enuM sAmAnya baMdhAraNa hajI kAyama che. e siMdhu ane gaMgA-yamunAne kAMThe vasatA prAcIna Aryoe paramAtmA viSe je siddhAMto bAMdhyA che te ja siddhAMto atyAranA hiMduo svIkAre che ane teo jema sUrya sAmuM joI enA tejamAM paramAtmAnuM dhyAna dharatA, enI stuti karatA ene uddezI agnimAM Ahuti ApatA, te ja pramANe atyAranA hiMduo paNa kare che. (hiMdu darzana, pR.10) ja aitihAsika ane tAttvika baMne saMdarbhothI AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmanA svarUpane tapAse che. tene AdhAre temanuM hiMdudharmanA lakSaNa aMgenuM dRSTibiMdu jANI zakAya che. hiMdustAnamAM vaselA prAcIna Aryono dharma te ja AnaMdazaMkarane mana hiMdu dharma che. e Aryo je dharma pALatA ane emAMthI jate dahADe je dharmano vikAsa thayo te sarvano AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmamAM samAveza kare che. hiMdudharmanI AnaMdazaMkara traNa mukhya zAkhAo mAne che : (1) veda (brAhmaNa) dharma (2) jaina dharma (3) bauddha dharma 187 uparokta traNeya dharmone AnaMdazaMkara eka ja mahAdharmarUpI vRkSanI peTAzAkhAo svarUpa mAne che. jaina ane bauddha graMthonA AdhAre ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke mULa dharmano vikAra pAmIne vedadharma thayelo che. vedadharma temaja atyAra sudhI zodhAyela hiMdudharmano prAcIna ItihAsa joIe to vedadharmamAMthI jaina ane bauddha dharma utpanna thayelA che. A baMne rIte ATaluM to siddha che ke A traNe dharmo ekabIjAthI svataMtra utpanna thayA nathI. Ama, vaidika, jaina ane bauddha e eka ja hiMdudharmanI traNa zAkhAo che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. hiMdudharmanI (vaidikadharmanI) sarvoparitA : jIvana sAthe nikaTa saMbaMdha dharAvI je dharma vyApaka eTale ke sarvadezI hoya te ja dharmane AnaMdazaMkara sarvotkRSTa dharma mAne che. eka uttama dharmamAM hoI zake te badhAM ja lakSaNo vaidika dharmamAM che. ApaNA dharmane AnaMdazaMkara 'brAhmadharma' tarIke oLakhAve che. 'brahma' eTale veda, ane vedathI pravartAvelo dharma tene ja AnaMdazaMkara 'brAhmadharma' kahe che. 'brahma' zabdanA arthanA saMdarbhamAM ja AnaMdazaMkara 'brAhmadharma'no artha spaSTa karI Ape che. 'brahma' zabdanA arthamAM ja stuti, yajJa athavA yajJanuM aMtastattva ane carAcara vizvano AtmA e traNa sUcita thaI jAya che. tene anulakSIne ja brAhmadharmamAM (1) bhakti, (2) karma ane (3) jJAna evA traNe aMgo baMdhAyelA che. Ama, 'brahma' zabdanA arthamAM ja 'brAhmadharma'nAM mukhya tattvono samAveza thayelo che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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188 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana vedane AnaMdazaMkara "brAhmadharmanuM utpatti sthAna mAne che. " "veda" eTale jJAna, je "zruti eTale zravaNa kareluM jJAna te, e nAmathI paNa oLakhAya che ATalI vAta to sarvavidita che. paNa zruti' e nAmanuM gUDha tAtparya evuM che ke veda pratipAdita jJAna manuSyanI game tevI kalpanAthI udbhaveluM nathI, paNa A vizvamAM - jagatamAM temaja manuSya AtmAmAM - manuSya zAMtithI sAMbhaLe to aharniza saMbhaLAya evA 'zAMta abhuta UMDA kaMI ucca gAnanA pukAra'nA zravaNarUpa e jJAna che. veda Izvarano prakAza che, IzvaranuM niHzvasita che ema je kahevAya che teno marma paNa teja ane prANanA gaMbhIra rUpaka dvArA A rIte ja samajI levAnuM che. vaLI, veda nitya che ema kahevAya che; tenuM kAraNa veda pratipAdita satyo nitya che, ane e satyo ApaNI AgaLa mukAya to saikAlika satya rUpe te svIkArI zakAya tevAM che. A pramANe dezakALAdi upAdhithI anavacchinna satya manuSya AgaLa dharIne manuSyanA jIvanane tanmaya karI ApavAnuM sAmarthya brAhmadharmamAM che" (dharmavicAra - 1, pR.6) brAhma dharmanAM tattvabhUta satyo AnaMdazaMkarane mate nIce pramANe che : (1) sarva prakAranA adhikArIo mATenI yogyatAno vicAra : AtmAnI paramazAMti prApta karAvavI e dharmamAtranuM sAmAnya sAdhya che to paNa te sAdhavAnA mArgo judA judA che. te bheda manuSya AtmAnA adhikAra pramANe eTale ke ruci ane anukULatA ubhayane laIne paDe che. bAlyAvasthAthI AraMbhI vAkaya sudhI, jaMgalI dazAthI mAMDI sudhArAnA carama sthAna sudhI, jaDatAthI te tattvadaSTi prApta thatAM sudhI adhikArAnusAra jene je joIe tene te ApI je dharma manuSyane sarvathA saMtoSa pamADI zake te ja dharma sarvotkRSTa che e ughADuM che . (dharmavicAra 1- pR . 6) A dRSTie paropakAra, vairAgya, tyAga, zravaNa, manana, samAdhi, karma, jJAna, bhakti Adi sarvanAM sAdhano dareka dharmamAM vadhate oche aMze svIkAravAmAM AvyAM che. paNa A sarva sAdhananA svarUpa tathA saMbaMdhano vicAra adhikAra bheda anusAra eka ja dharmane aMgarUpe brAhmadharmamAM ja svIkAravAmAM Avyo che. Ama brahmadharmamAM adhikArabheda anusAra dharma vyavasthA raju karavAmAM AvI che. (2) jIva, jagata ane IzvaraviSayaka vicAra : jIva, jagata ane Izvara e traNa padArthomAM "sarva eTale ke akhaMDa vizvano samAveza thAya che. te traNe padArtho brAhmadharmamAM sArI rIte vicArAyA che. brAhmadharma jagata mithyA che ema kahI paranI khoTI kalpanA karI manuSyanA A lokane bagADI mUke che evo AkSepa kyAreka karavAmAM Ave che. Ano uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "pRthvI upara pravartamAna sarva dharmomAM brAhmadharma ja evo che ke je A loka ane paraloka banne upara yogya dRSTi rAkhe che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.7) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #202
AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 189 jagataviSayaka vicAra : "kuzalAnna pramaditavyaM bhUtyai na pramaditavyaM", (taittirIya upaniSada, anuvApha-11 zloka - 1) arthAt - 'kuzala' ane 'bhUti' (AbAdI)nI bAbatamAM pramAdI na rahevuM - tevA upadezanI sAthe sAthe sarva pravRttionuM parama udezasthAna paramAtmA che e vAtanuM paNa smaraNa rAkhavAmAM Ave che. Ama 'Iha' ane 'para' banne lokanI samRddhi ahIM sUcita che. bauddha dharma A jagatane duHkhamaya ane tattvazUnya gaNI tiraskArI kADhyuM, jethI sarvatra sanyAsano vistAra thavAthI vyavahAramAM zithilatA pariNamI che. to krizciyana dharmamAM dekhAtI prajAnI pravRttizIlatA e paNa roma ane grIsamAMthI UtarI che. krAIsTano mukhya upadeza to jagatanA vyavahAranI darakAra na karatAM paramezvara para prema ane vizvAsa rAkhI rahevAno che. Ama, bauddhadharma ane khristI dharmamAM je rIte jagatano nakAra che tevo jagatano nakAra brAhmadharmamAM nathI. UlaTAnuM jagata saMbaMdhI vicAramAM brAhmadharmamAM Ihaloka ane paralokano yogya vicAra darzAvyo che. IzvaraviSayaka vicAra : bauddhadharme keTaloka vakhata Izvara saMbaMdhI vicAra na karyo, ane jayAre karyo tyAre ghaNuM karIne brAhmadharmane anusarIne ja karelo che evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. to bIjI bAju khristI dharmamAM paNa AraMbhamAM Izvarane eka manuSya-pitA tarIke ja kapyo che ane pachIthI Izvara svarUpa viSayaka je je gaMbhIra vicAro khristI dharmamAM thayA te sarvamAM grIka philosophInI asara che. Ama, khristI dharmamAM paNa AnaMdazaMkaranA mate IzvarasaMbadhI tattvavicAra svataMtra rIte udbhavelo jovA maLato nathI, jayAre A baMnenI sarakhAmaNIe Izvara saMbaMdhi tattvavicAra brAhmadharmamAM vyApaka svIkAra pAmyo che. vedanA samayathI mAMDIne A ja paryata evI aneka uktio brAhmadharmamAM maLe che, jemAM IzvaranA svarUpano vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che. Avo vicAra bIjA koI dharmamAM maLavo muzkela che. jIvaviSayaka vicAra : bauddhadharma AtmAnA astitvano ja asvIkAra kare che. jyAre khristI dharmamAM AtmAnI sthitino vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che. temAM AnaMdazaMkara jaDavAdIrUpI kalinA pravezano mArga jue che. AtmAnA zAzvata svarUpanA svIkAra vinA jagata ane jagatano daSTA (Izvara) baMne asaMbhavita che. tethI brAhmadharmamAM karelo jIva saMbaMdhI vicAra sarvadharmamAM zreSTha sthAne che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #203
190 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (3) jJAna, bhakti ane karmane samanvaya : manuSya svabhAvanA traNa aMgo vicAra, lAgaNI ane kriyAne anusarIne dareka dharmamAM jJAna, bhakti ane karmane vizeSa mahattva ApavAmAM Ave che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate je dharma A traNe paraspara virodhI lAgatA mArgono samanvaya kare te ja dharma sarvadezI gaNI zakAya. brAhmadharmamAM AvuM sarvadezIpaNuM spaSTa rIte jovA maLe che. manuSya jJAna meLavI tadanusAra kriyA karI, e jJAna ane kriyA baMnemAM AnaMda anubhave temAM ja dharmanuM prayojana siddha thatuM AnaMdazaMkara jue che. temanA mate jJAnamAM ane kriyAmAM AnaMdanuM siMcana karavuM e kAma vizeSa rIte dharmanuM che. sarve'tra sukhinaH santu sarve santu nirAmayA : / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhamApnuyAt / / arthAt, sarve sukhI raho, sarva bhadrane pAmo, koI paNa duHkhI na raho - A pramANeno sarvatra brahmabhAva vistAravAnuM kAma dharmanuM che. thoDe ghaNe aMze dareka dharmamAM A traNa aMgo phuTa vA askuTa rUpe rahelA hoya che. paNa brAhmadharmanI vizeSatA e che ke emAM sarva aMgo sArI rIte vikasita thayAM che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa vedanA samayathI Aja paryata graMthomAM e aMgonuM vadhAre vadhAre sphoTana thatuM AvyuM che. dharmavRttine jAgRta karanAra sarva graMthonuM mahattva brAhmadharma svIkAre che. A anusaMdhAne AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che ke : "brAhmadharmanA anusArIo dharmasaMsthAne sAcavavA mATe ekatA khAtara temaja AdigraMtha tarIke vedane mAne che. tathApi vedane ja na vaLagI rahetAM "guNAH pUjAsthAnam" e siddhAMta svIkArI teoe dharmavRtti jAgRta rAkhanAra sarva graMthone yogya mAna ApyuM che ane te sAthe vedanI mahattA kAyama rAkhI che." (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 10) (4) dharmanuM prayojana ane brAhmadharma : jJAnanA prakAzanI, kartavyabhAvanAnI ane AtmabaLanI prAptinI AvazyakatA sarva manuSyane svAbhAvika ja hoya che. A traNe AMkAkSAo pUrI na thAya tyAM sudhI AnaMdazaMkara dharmanuM prayojana saMpUrNa rIte siddha thayeluM gaNatA nathI. A traNeyanA saMdarbhamAM brAhmadharmane AnaMdazaMkara tapAse che. (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 10 thI 12) (ka) jJAnanA prakAzanI AvazyakatA : ajJAna ane jaDavAmAM purAyelo manuSya jyAre vizvanI viSamatAono anubhava kare che tyAre ene jJAnanA prakAzanI jarUra paDe che. dharmasaMbaMdhI A jJAnano prakAza maLatAM ja manuSyane potAnI ajJAnAvasthAnuM bhAna thAya che. pariNAme te jagatamAM virodha ke jaDatA jevuM kaMI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #204
AnaMdazaMkaranuM dharmaciMtana 191 dekhAtuM nathI. pUrvano anubhava ane A navIna anubhava e be samAna kakSAnA mAtra kAlika paurvAparya - eka pachI eka ema kramavALA na lAgatAM, eka anubhava bIjA anubhavano bAdhaka thaI phUTe che, arthAt pUrvano anubhava khoTo ane A kharo ema pratIta thAya che. jJAnAnmAkSara evA vedAMta vagerenA udghoSanuM A ja kharuM rahasya che. (kha) kartavyabhAvanAnI AvazyakatA : pratyeka manuSyamAM kartavya bhAvanA hoya che. paraMtu A mATe tIvra pratibhA hovI jarUrI che. tIvra pratibhA vagara kartavyabhAvanA yogya rIte AlekhAtI nathI ane anya AgaLa ullekhAtI paNa nathI. dharma-pravartako, dharma-mUrtio, potAnA jIvana ane upadeza banne dvArA kartavyabhAvanAne anya samakSa rajU kare che. brAhmadharma, dharmagraMtho ane Adarza caritro dvArA kartavya bhAvanAne daDhatAthI janasamudAyamAM prasarAve che. rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bhAgavatAdi graMtho dvArA ane rAma, sItA, harizcaMdra, damayatI, sAvitrI, dhruva, prahalAda, hanumAna vagere caritronA Alekhana dvArA brAhmadharma A kArya supere kare che. (ga) AtmabaLanI AvazyakatA : jJAna maLyA chatAM tathA kartavyanI bhAvanA tIvra upasthita thayA chatAM paNa, keTalIka vakhate e bhAvanAne anusaravAnI zakti ApaNAmAM nathI hotI. eve vakhate brAhmadharma kaMIka apratima AtmabaLa ApI zakavAnuM sAmarthya dharAve che. sarva prakAranA adhikArIone yathAyogya rIte brAhmadharma satkAryamAM prere che ane e tarapha pravartavA mATe bhagavAnanA avatAro ane saMtorUpI akhUTa bhaMDAramAMthI AtmabaLa lAvI Ape che. mahAtmAgAMdhIjIne prApta thayeluM harizcaMdranuM caritra ane te dvArA temanA jIvanamAM pragaTelI satya prIti enuM uttama daSTAMta che. A AtmabaLa krizciyana dharma ja ApI zake che tevo krizciyana pAdarIono dAvo che paNa te yathArtha nathI tenI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "krizciyana dharmamAM manuSya AgaLa je pravartaka hetu (Motive) mUkavAmAM Ave che te ApaNA jeTalo ucca, vyApaka ane sabaLa nathI. " (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 11) 'svargamAM badalo maLaze' - evo khristI dharmano hetu uttamottama kartavyabhAvanAne zobhe tevo nathI. A uparAMta khristI dharma AtmabaLanA pravAha arthe ApaNI mAphaka avatArano siddhAMta svIkAre che paNa e phakta eka ja puruSane - jIsasa ne - ja avatAra mAne che tene AnaMdazaMkara ayogya lekhe che. Ano khulAso karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "manuSya je kartavyabhAvanA siddha karavAnI che e eka ja puruSamAM saMpUrNa maLavI azakaya che." (dharmavicAra 1, pR. 12) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #205
192 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana arthAt eka guNa eka vyaktimAMthI, to bIjo bIjImAMthI, trIjo trIjImAMthI levo paDe che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa dareka yuganAM - jamAnAnA - kartavya judAM judAM utpanna thAya che ane tadanusAra judI judI kartavyabhAvanAonI jarUra paDe che, je, amuka samaye amuka dezamAM utpanna thayelA amuka eka puruSamAM ja samApta thavI AnaMdazaMkarane mana azakya che. tethI avatAranI brAhmadharmanI saMkalpanA vadhu vyApaka che. Ama, adhikArIo mATenI yojanA, jIva, jagata ane IzvaraviSayaka vicAraNA, jJAna, bhakti ane karmano samanvayAtmaka vicAra temaja dharmanuM saMpUrNa prayojana vagere aneka daSTibiMduothI avalokana karI AnaMdazaMkara vaidikadharmanI sarvoparitA spaSTa karI Ape che. jo ke AvI spaSTatAomAM bIjA dharmo pratye koIpaNa prakArano tiraskArano bhAva paNa emanA vicAromAM kyAMya jovA maLato nathI. AnaMdazaMkara anusAra brAhmadharma eTale sAcuM Atma jAgaraNa. A anusaMdhAnamAM AtmAnA aMgeaMgamAM mana-vANI-kriyA sarva maLI eka AtmasvarUpa baMdhAya che. tenA aNumAM - anubhavAto koIka avarNa padArtha. A avarya padArtha eTale Atma svarUpanuM pragaTIkaraNa. sva-puruSArthe Atma devane pragaTa karavAnuM sAmarthya jyAM laherAtuM ane keLavAtuM hoya e ja sAco sanAtana hiMdudharma che. D D D For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana hiMdu - vedadharmano ItihAsa : hiMdu dharmano AraMbha vedathI thayo. veda e mukhya pramANa che. prAcIna RSioe paramAtmA pAsethI ke aMtaHskuraNa dvArA potAnA aMtarAtmAmAM sAkSAt sAMbhaLeluM evuM jJAna. tene zruti paNa kahevAya che. zrutinA smaraNa rUpe je jJAna AvyuM ane saMpAdita thayuM te smRti, A smRtimAM dharmazAstro, darzanagraMtho, ItihAsa, purANa vagere paNa samAveza pAme che. hiMdu dharma sAcA hRdayamAM skurelI koIpaNa vANIne pramANabhUta mAne che. AthI ja saMtono anubhava ane tenI vANInuM paNa hiMdudharmamAM zAstragraMtha jeTaluM ja mahattva prApta che. kAraNa ke satyathI spaMdita thato pratyeka zabda ahIM zAstra che. e RcA jeTalo ja pavitra ane ArAdhya che. Ama hiMdu - veda dharma eka vizALa mahAnada che. cetanAno akhkhalita vaheto pravAha che. tethI tenI kALaracanA ke ItihAsa racanA atyaMta muzkela che. ahIM dharma e jIvaMta pravAha che. Ama chatAM samajaNa khAtara AnaMdazaMkara tene traNa vibhAgamAM vibhAjIta kare che. A vibhAgo e yugamAM vyakta thatI prajAkIya dharmavRtti kayA prakAranA graMthomAM prakaTa thatI tene AdhAre ja pADavAmAM AvyA che. (1) vedayuga : I.sa. pUrve ? thI I.sa. pUrve 1000 varSa sudhI. vedayuganA AraMbhakALa aMge I.sa. pU. 60OO thI mAMDI I.sa. pU. 4000,3000, 2000, 1400, 1200, 10OO ema aneka kAlamaryAdAo sUcavAI che. AvI aneka matasaMkula paristhiti hovAthI kalpanA, ruci ane saMdigdha pramANa sivAya hajI Ane mATe koI nizcayakAraka AdhAra maLato nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #207
194 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (2) saMskRta yuga : I.sa. pUrve 1000-800 thI I.sa. pachI 1000 varSa sudhI. jo ke, pro. maeNkaDonala vedAMganA samayane vedayugamAM gaNI I.sa. pUrve 1500 thI I.sa. pUrve 200 sudhInA kALane "vedayuga' kahe che. A matane AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. A aMge temano khulAso e che ke : "huM vedAMganA yugane saMskRta yuga kahuM chuM. kAraNake enI bhASA laukika saMskRta che. temaja I.sa. pUrve 200 sudhInA samayane 'vedayuga" kahIe to mahAbhArata paNa emAM Ave ane mahAbhAratanA samayane 'vedayuga" kahevo e vicitra che." (dharmavicAra 2, pR.29) (3) bhASAyuga : I.sa. pachI 1000-1200 pachIno samaya. jo ke A goThavaNI koI jaDa cokaThAmAM mUkI zakAya tevI nathI. saMskRtayugamAM vedanuM prAmANya manAtuM nahi, athavA to bhASAyugamAM saMskRtamAM zAstro racAtAM nahotAM ema atre AnaMdazaMkarano kahevAno bhAvArtha nathI. paraMtu te te yugamAM prajA enI dhArmikavRtti ghaNe bhAge kaI kaI jAtanA graMthomAM pragaTa karatI e uparathI ja yuganA vibhAga pADavAmAM AvyA che. A traNe yugamAM hiMdudharmanuM dhArmika ane sAmAjika svarUpa kevuM hatuM te aMge AnaMdazaMkara tulanAtmaka ane samanavayAtmaka dRSTikoNathI abhyAsa karela che. (1) vedayugamAM hiMdustAnanuM dhArmika jIvana veda ane vedanA vibhAgaH veda bhAratIya saMskRtinA AdhyAtmika ane manovaijJAnika bIja samA hatA ane upaniSado sarvocca AdhyAtmika jJAna ane anubhUtinA satyanI abhivyakti samA hatA. zrI araviMdanA mate : "bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAratano dharma, tenuM tattvaciMtana, tenI sabhyatA vedamAM rahelA gUDhavAdI tattvamAMthI UtarI AvyA che. tevI paraMparAgata mAnyatA aitihAsika hakIkato sAthe vadhAre susaMgata che." (vadarahasya - bhAga 1-pR 9) meksamUlara vedane manuSya jAtino sarva prathama sAhityika avazeSa kahI vaidika RSi, vaidika bhASA ane vaidika dharmane sarvathI prAcIna gaNAve che. (hama bhArata se vaya sia - pR. 145) AnaMdazaMkara paNa vedane Arya prajAnuM balka manuSya jAtinuM sarvathI prAcIna pustaka kahI hiMdustAnanA dhArmika ItihAsanAM sarva bIja emAM bharelAM che ema mAne che. veH je vid dhAtu uparathI utarI Avela che, je mULa jJAnavAcaka che, zabdavAcaka nathI. AgaLa jatAM vedane mATe "zruti' zabda vaparAyo. te ema sUcavavA ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 195 RSioe A jJAna potAnI buddhimAMthI nahi paraMtu sAkSAt paramAtmA pAsethI sAMbhaLeluM che. 'zruti'nA A pramANenA arthane tarkasaMgata banAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, paramAtmA kAMI manuSyanI sAme Ubho rahI tene kaMI saMbhaLAve che ema "zruti'no artha nathI. vastutaH paramAtmAto A vizvanA ane ApaNA aMtaryAmI che. tethI e ApaNane je kaMI saMbhaLAve che te ApaNA aMtaramAM rahIne ja saMbhaLAve che. sAme eka manuSyavat UbhA rahIne nahi. vaLI, A aMtarano dhvani koI A ke te bhASAmAM thato nathI. e sarva bhASAo to e dhvani jhIlavAnuM khokhuM che. Ama veda Izvarasajita che e mAnyatAnuM arthaghaTana karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke paramAtmAnI aMtaravANI RSioe sAMbhaLI ane bhASAnA mAdhyama dvArA ene pragaTa karI. vit dhAtu je uparathI vaidra zabda thayo che, e leTinano Videre - to see dhAtu che, ane aMgrejI "Idea" paNa e ja leTina Videre' dhAtu uparathI nIkaLyo che, eTale ApaNe veda zabdane mATe yathArtha aMgrejI zabda zodhIe to te Vision = darzana, Idea = dhyAna, dhyeya e ja jaDe che ane temaja, je mahApuruSone e mahAna darzana thayuM hatuM temane ApaNe RSi, dRSTA kahIe chIe e paNa yogya che." (dharmavicAra - 1, pR. 289) upaniSadamAM ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke veda RSipraNIta nathI, paNa paramAtmAno potAno udgAra (niHzvasita) che, jayAre purANomAM ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke brahmAnA cAra mukhamAMthI cAra veda nIkaLyA. A baMne matano artha eka ja che ema AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. aupaniSadika mata anusAra pUrNa ane paramasatyo manuSya sudhArAnA AdikALamAM RSionA aMtaramAM prakaTa thayA, tene paramAtmAno potAno udgAra kahevAmAM Ave che te AnaMdazaMkarane mana yogya ja che. brahmAnA cAra mukhamAMthI cAra veda nIkaLyA e paurANika kathAnuM tAtparya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : yajJanA cAra Rtvijo mATe cAra-saMhitAo thaI. vRdda (vRddha) dhAtu uparathI vahmana zabdano eka artha - A vizvamAM vyApeluM vizALa dhArmikatAnuM tattva, dhArmikavRtti, paramAtmAnI stuti, yajJa-evo vedamAM thAya che, ane yajJa e paNa paramAtmAnI ja mUrti hoI, e uparathI puMlliga devatAvAcaka "brahmA' zabda thayo che. have, yajJanA cAra Rtvijo te brahmAnA cAra mukha ane emane mATe karelI vedanI cAra saMhitAo te brahmAne mukhethI nIkaLelA cAra veda." (dharmavicAra - 2, pR. 7) aupaniSadika ane paurANika matonA AnaMdazaMkare karelA rahasyodghATanathI e spaSTa thAya che ke mULa AdikALamAM veda eka ja che paNa yajJamAM hotA, adhvaryu, udgAtA ane brahmA - evA cAra mukhya Rtvijo bhAga letA. temane mATe vedanI cAra judI judI saMhitAo karavAmAM AvI ane te Rgvada, yajurveda, sAmaveda ane atharvavedane nAme prasiddhi pAmI. manuSya For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana sudhArAnA AdikALamAM RSionA aMtaramAM prakaTa thayela A jJAna, jemAM rahelI yajJanI bhAvanA vizvamAM vyApIne rahelI vizALa dhArmika bhAvanAne vyakta kare che. 196 prathama mULa saMhitA ja hatI, tathApi emAM brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSada umerI sarvatra ekatra karI, sarva eka veda athavA zrutine nAme 52mapramANa mAnavAmAM Ave che. temAM AnaMdazaMkara dharmanA tattvanuM sUkSma nirUpaNa raheluM jue che. dharmanA traNa aMgo che H bhakti, karma ane jJAna. A traNe tattvo kramavAra vedanA A traNa vibhAgamAM nirUpita thayela che. e traNe bhAgane ekaThA karIne joIe to ja temAMthI dharmanuM pUrepUruM svarUpa pragaTa thatuM jovA maLe cheH (1) saMhitAmAM : paramAtmAnI stuti ane prArthanA - bhakti. (2) brAhmaNamAM : (3) AraNyaka tathA upaniSada : 'brahmana' kahetAM yajJa te pradhAnatattva che - karma. araNyamAM vasIne brahmarSioe ane rAjarSioe dharmanA rahasyanuM tathA jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAnA svarUpanuM kareluM ciMtana jJAna. Ama, vedanA traNa vibhAganuM viSleSaNa karI AnaMdazaMkara temAM rahelA dharmanA mULabhUta traNa aMga (bhakti, karma ane jJAna) nA nirUpaNane darzAvI Ape che. Rgveda, yajurveda ane sAmaveda e veda 'trayI' kahevAya che. prAcIna graMthomAM cothA veda atharvavedano temAM samAveza karavAmAM Avela nathI. eka sAMpradAyika mAnyatA evI che ke atharvaveda anya vedo jeTalo ja prAcIna che. paraMtu emAM rahelA abhicAraprayoga (jAdu-maMtranA prayoga) AcaravA aniSTa che ane sAmAnya lokone upadezavA jevA nathI. tethI e vedane bIjA vedanI sAthe gaNavAmAM Avato nathI, jyAre hAlanA keTalAka vidvAno atharvavedane pAchaLathI umerAyelo veda mAne che. A baMne matanI samIkSA karI AnaMdazaMkara atharvaveda viSe nIce pramANenA keTalAka phalitArtho tArave che : (dharmavicAra -2-pR.9-10) (1) (2) (3) "atharvaveda saMhitAno keTaloka bhAga prAcIna che e hAlanA vidvAnone paNa kabUla karavuM paDe che." "avastAmAM 'atharvana'ne maLato 'Azravana' zabda che te batAve che ke te veda ghaNo ja prAcIna che. te uparathI siddha thAya che ke 'atharvana' ane 'aMgirasa' brAhmaNo jemanA uparathI A veda atharvAMgirasa kahevAya che e Rgveda saMhitAnA samayamAM paNa hatA.'' "te sAme e paNa yAda rAkhavA jevuM che ke AryonA pavitra ane maMgaLadharmathI For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 197 judI ja tarehano dharma-jAdumaMtrano dharma- A saMhitAmAM najare paDe che. tethI emAM anArya dharmanI asara hovAno saMbhava che." vaidika maMtronA artha : vaidika maMtronA artha aMge ApaNe tyAM aneka matabhedo jovA maLe che. kautsa vagere keTalAka vidvAno te maMtronA upayoga viSe kahe che ke - vedanA brAhmaNa vibhAgamAM je yajJo karavAnA kahyA che temAM e maMtrono yathAvidhi uccAra karavo e ja eno upayoga che. A saMdarbhamAM kautsa kahe che ke, "anarthakA hi maMtrADA" tenI sAme yAska vagere niruktakAra vaidika maMtrane tenA artha dvArA jANI zakAya che ema kahe che. arthavantaH zabda sAmAnyAhU ! je laukika saMskRtamAM vaparAya che te ja vedamAM sabhAnapaNe vaparAya che. e paNa satya che ke keTalAka zabdonA artho jaDatA nathI. A saMdarbhamAM vArtA kahe che ke "naiSa thALIraparAdho maLyo na pazyati | puruSaparAdha: sa mata " AMdhaLo mANasa thAMbhalo na jue e thAMbhalAno doSa nathI, mANasano doSa che. A saMdarbhamAM artha saMbaMdhI vivAda thAya tene AnaMdazaMkara svAbhAvika mAne che. Ama chatAM vaidika zabdono moTo jaththo ApaNe nizcayapUrvaka jANIe chIe. A aMge AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "hiMdustAnamAM ghaNuM jJAna paraMparAnI praNAlIe vahetuM Ave che. bezaka e paraMparAnA artha sAme vAjabI kAraNa jaNAya to matabheda dharAvavo anucita nathI, paNa vartamAna vidyAnA abhimAnathI unmatta banI Los von Sayana' (s, sAyaNane kADho ja kADho) ema sAyaNAcArya jevA bahuzruta ane saMpradAyavid bhASyakAra sAme ugAra karavo emAM e pAzcAtya vidvAnonuM kadAca satya sAme pApa nahi hoya, paNa teonI mUrkhatA to che ja. vastutaH meksamUlare sAyaNane "AMdhaLAnI lAkaDI (Blind man's stick) kahI che emAM bahu satya che." (dharmavicAra 1-290) zrI araviMda paNa sAyaNa bhASyane "vedanA arthanA oraDAmAM dAkhala thavA mATenuM jarUrI pATiyuM ke nisaraNI" kahe che. (vedanuM rahasya : pR. 58). vedArthano saMpradAya sAyaNa pAse avicchinna cAlyo Avyo hoya e saMbhavita che. sAyaNAcArya yAska Adi prAcIna munionA sAMpradAyika artha para AdhAra rAkhe che ane munio vedanA praNayanakALa pachI ghaNe varSe thayA to paNa temane mULa artha saMpradAyathI maLyo hato. veda, vedArtha ane vedanA vibhAga paratve AnaMdazaMkaranI samajUtI joyA pachI have Rgvada ane anya saMhitAomAM dharmanA tattva viSe AnaMdazaMkaranA vicAronI spaSTatA karIe. vaidikadharmanuM svarUpa samajavA mATe saMhitA, brAhmaNa e upaniSada traNeno ekatrita abhyAsa thavo joIe. tethI prathama teo dareka saMhitAmAM rahelA A traNa aMgone pRthapha - pRthapha cakAsIne vaidika dharmanA svarUpane spaSTa karavAno prayatna kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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198 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana Rgyeda saMhitAno dharma : Rgvada saMhitAmAM eka ja sata "parama sata' paramAtmAne agni, sUrya, caMdra, varuNa vagere aneka rUpe vyakta karavAmAM AvyA che. tenA vividha dharmo kahelA che. A kAraNe keTalAkane vedamAM aneka devavAda hovAnI bhrAMti thAya che. A bhrAMti thavAnuM mULa kAraNa paramAtmA saMbaMdhI apUrNa vicAramAM raheluM AnaMdazaMkara jue che. "paramAtmA kAMI A jagatanI pAra ekalo beThelo nathIe to jagatanI pAra che, temaja jagatanI aMdara che. paramAtmAnAM A "pAra" ane "aMdara' baMne svarUpa dhyAnamAM rakhAya tyAre ja enuM kharuM svarUpa pUrepUruM lakSamAM AvyuM gaNAya. A be svarUpamAMthI paheluM - arthAt sRSTinI pAra raheluM svarUpa che ema jANavAnuM che. paNa pratyakSa anubhavamAM levAnuM svarUpa A sRSTinI aMdara mUrtimaMta thatuM bIjuM svarUpa che. Rgyeda saMhitAmAM A bIjA svarUpane ja akhaMDAkAre temaja vividha khaMDarUpe RSioe varNavyuM che. paraMtu tethI RSio paramAtmAne badale jaDa padArthane pUje che athavA to aneka devavAdamAM mAne che ema kahevuM vAjabI nathI." (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 11-12) RgyedasaMhitAnano dharma ekadevavAdano che tenA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara keTalAka khulAsA kare che : (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 12-13-14) (1) RgledakAlIna RSi eka paramAtmAne ja te devamAM pratyakSa thatA jue che ane aneka deva te sRSTinA vividha bhAgamAM pragaTa thatA paramAtmAnAM vividha svarUpo ja che. Ama RgvadanI saMhitA ekadevavAdanuM pratipAdana kare che. (2) dharmanA vikAsanI traNa bhUmikAo che : (1) bahiNi (2) antardRSTi (3) UrdhvadaSTi eTale ke prathama IzvaranuM darzana bAhya sRSTimAM thAya che pachI aMtarAtmAmAM (kartavyanuM bhAna vageremAM) thAya ane chevaTe ubhayanI ekatAmAM thAya. A kramamAM RgyedasaMhitAnA dharmane keTalAka pAzcAtya tattvaciMtako pahelI bhUmikAmAM mUke che. yahUdI dharmane bIjI bhUmikAmAM mUke che. AnaMdazaMkara A vargIkaraNane ayogya gaNAve che. kAraNake paramAtmAnAM baMne svarUpa je trIjI bhUmikAmAM pratyakSa thAya che te RgyedasaMhitAmAM vadhu sArI rIte pratyakSa thatuM jovA maLe che. varuNAdi devonI pUjanakriyAnuM rahasya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "kevaLa jaDa padArthone koI prajA pUjatI nathI. pUjanakriyA ja evI che ke e jaDa pratye jatI ja nathI. huM premathI tamane bheTuM chuM tyAre tamArA zarIrane vaLagato dekhAuM chuM, paNa vastutaH huM tamArA AtmAne ja mArI sAthe meLavuM chuM." (dharmavicAra 2, pR. 12) Ama, RgyedasaMhitAmAM rahelI aneka devanI pUjanakriyA vastutaH dharmanuM sarvocca biMdu UrdhvadaSTine ja batAve che ema AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 199 (3) RSionAM hadaya unnata ane dRSTipUta hovAthI A vizvanA vividha padArthomAM pratIta thatI caitanyanI jhalaka tathA e jhalakavALA padArthone teo "deva' (viva-caLakavuM uparathI) kahetA. e padArthonA vividha guNa ane karma pramANe te te devanAM judAM judAM nAma paDyAM hatAM. paraMtu te vividha padArthonI pAchaLa eka anaMta padArtha rahelo che tevI bhAvanAne kAraNe ja eka anaMta padArthamAMthI vividha padArtho nIkaLe che. A anaMta padArthone utpanna karatI mAtA te devamAtA "aditi' kahevAya che. e aditimAMthI nIkaLelA- aditinA putro - te 'Aditya'. yAska muni mInA TevamAtA evuM je "aditinuM nirvacana kare che teno artha karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke "dIna" eTale ke sAMkaDI ane dayAmaNI evI nahi, paNa vizALa ane bhavya evI devamAtA "aditi'." (4) vividha devonI RSio stuti karatA. temAM teo dhana, dhAnya, pazu, putra, Arogya, sabuddhi, pavitratA ane devakRpA vagere aneka jAtanI uttama vastuo mAgatA. Ane AnaMdazaMkara RgyedasaMhitAnA dharmanI eka viziSTatA gaNAve che. "saMsAranA sukhanA padArtho je mATe sAmAnya manuSyane IcchA rahe che ane jenA upara janasamAjanuM jIvana AdhAra rAkhe che, tenI emAM avagaNanA karI nathI. balka, e padArtho devanI kRpAthI ja maLe che evI dhArmika buddhi e padArthonI IcchA sAthe joDAyelI che. sAthe sAthe sabuddhi, pavitratA ane prabhuprema vagerenI abhilASA paNa saMkaLAyelI che. gAyatrI maMtramAM vareNya tejanuM RSi dhyAna kare che. temAM paramAtmAne ApaNI buddhino preraka arthAt aMtaryAmI gaNavAmAM Ave che. Ama, RgyedasaMhitAno dharma mAtra bhautika IcchAnI tRptimAM ja parisamApta thato nathI paNa jIvananI uccatA ja tene grAhya che. Rgyeda saMhitAno dharma mAtra prabhubhaktino ja che ema paNa AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. paraMtu temAM rahelI yajJanI kriyAo bhakti sAthe karmane paNa joDe che. yajJamAM pazubalino paNa ullekha che. jeno khulAso karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke AvI vidhio jagatanA badhA ja prAcIna dharmomAM jovAmAM Ave che. tethI RkusaMhitAmAM tenuM hovuM e svAbhAvika che. paraMtu AvI pazubalinI prathAne protsAhana ApatAM sUkto pramANamAM khUba ja ochAM che jyAre tenI sarakhAmaNIe dUdha-ghI-somarasa vagere hiMsArahita padArtho vAraMvAra devane arpatAM sUkato jovA maLe che. RgyedasaMhitAno dharma mAtra bhakti ane karmamAM ja parisamApta thato nathI, paraMtu temAM jJAnane paNa mahattva maLyuM che. RphasaMhitAnA RSio A loka ane paraloka aMge UMDA vicAro dharAvatA hatA. temAM rahelA dharmavAcaka zabdo "dharma', "Rta', "brahmana', 'vrata', 'sava', vagere dvArA anukrame thuM - uttama AcAra vicAra dvArA vizvane dhAraNa karanAra, For Personal & Private Use Only

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200 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana = Rt - vizvano abAdhya niyama, vRdgha - vRddhi ane vikAsa, rR-paramAtmAthI viMTAyeluM, sU-52mAtmAnI utpAdaka zaktimAM sAmela thavuM evA artho sUcavAya che. temAM RSionI udAtta dharmabhAvanA dRSTigocara thAya che. uparokta khulAsAone AdhAre ema kahI zakAya ke ekadevavAda e RgvedakAlIna sabhyatAno janasamAjamAM saMpAdita thayelo lokapriya ane sarva saMmata dharma che. AthI ja AnaMdazaMkara RgvedakAlIna dharmanA kharA svarUpane spaSTa karatAM jaNAve che ke "A dharmanuM kharuM svarUpa, vizvanA padArthonI anekatAmAM paramAtmAnI ekatAnuM darzana ane e padArthonuM pavitrIkaraNa - teo samajI zake (che) '" (dharmavicAra 1, pR.296) A vAtanI spaSTatA Rgveda saMhitAnA devatAonA svarUpanI samajaNa dvArA have ApaNe meLavIzuM. (dharmavicAra- 2, pR.15 thI 34) AnaMdazaMkara have RgvedasaMhitAnI vividha upAsya devatAonuM svarUpa spaSTa karI temAM rahelI ekadevavAdanI bhAvanAne tAravI batAve che. te anusAra RgvedasaMhitAnA vividha devatAonuM svarUpa nIce pramANe che : Rgveda saMhitAnA devatAonuM svarUpa : (1) aditi (1) vo - kApavuM dhAtu uparathI 'diti' thI UlaTuM akhaMDa, abhedya (chedI ke bhedI zakAya nahi evuM ) tattva athavA, (2) va - bAMdhavuM dhAtu uparathI bandhanarahitapaNuM, mukti upara pramANenA mukhya be rIte adgiti zabdanA artha karavAmAM Ave che. ghoH - AkAza- e enI pratyakSa mUrti che; ane 'Adityo' - devo enAmAMthI utpanna thayA che. yAskamuni 'aditi' zabdanuM nirvacana karatAM aiitaghoranitintarikSamavitirmAtA sa pitA saputra: / vizva levA praviti: panna nanA vitiAMtamavita'nitvam // arthAt aditi ghau che, aditi antarIkSa che; aditi mAtA che, aditi e pitA che, e putra che; sarva devo aditi che, paMcajano aditi che, utpanna thayeluM aditi che, utpanna thavAnuM aditi che. ene 'adInA devamAtA' arthAt dIna nahi paraMtu mahAna devonI mAtA kahe che. uparokta vividha saMdarbho ApI 'aditi'nuM svarUpa samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, e ApaNane duHkha ane pApamAMthI choDAve che ane e rIte mAtApaNuM ane mukti (baMdhanamAMthI mukta hovuM temaja mukti ApavI) e be dharmo aditi sAthe joDAya che. keTalAka pAzcAtya vidvAno 'aditi'nuM AvuM svarUpa svIkAratA nathI. teonA mate 'Aditya' zabda pachIthI 'aditi' zabda thayelo che. tenI sAme AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : 'vastutaH For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana aditi zabdanuM svarUpa jotAM ja e zabda ane enI bhAvanA AdityanA pahelAMnI jaNAI Ave che, ane RgvedasaMhitAnA sarva bhAgamAM - jUnAmAM jUnA bhAgamAM paNa e maLe che.' (2) dyo: ane pRthivI-dyau-dIpatuM tejomaya AkAza, ane pRthivI vizALa, vistarelI pRthvI : jagatanA pitA ane mAtA che. moTe bhAge e be nAma sAthe ja Ave che. to kyAreka evuM paNa bane che ke "he pitA ghau ! mAtA pRthvI" ! ema alaga paNa jovA maLe che. (3) tvaSTA (ttvakS tal dhAtu uparathI) ghaDanAra. - sarvanA aMtaramAM rahelo, vizvarUpa virAjanAra 'virATa' (7) agni A carAcara vizvano ghaDanAra. tvaSTA nuM tAtparya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, A saghaLuM vizva, A vizvamAM prakaTa thatI zakti, ane manuSyanI dhArmika vRtti - sarvano banAvanAra je kuzaLa paramAtmA che te 'tvA'. ene 'vizvarUpa' evuM paNa vizeSaNa lagADavAmAM Ave che. (4) vizvamAM - vizvano kartA, paramAtmA (5) hirantharma ane prajJAti utpanna thayelI vastumAtrano, pati-dhaNI, pAlana karanAra - paramAtmA te 'prajApati'. e ja jagatanuM suvarNa tejomaya bIja, hiraNyamaya aMDa, hiraNyagarbha.- e AtmadAyI che. amRta ane mRtyu enI chAyA che. e satya dharmano deva che ane sarvavyApI che. (6) puruSa = - For Personal & Private Use Only 201 AtmA paramAtmA. e manuSyane paramAtmA sAthe joDanAra, divyazakti che. e svargamAMthI pRthvI upara manuSyane ghera - AvI vaselo 'atithi' tathA devono saMdeza vahanA 'dUta' che. RSio ene 'hotA', 'purohita', 'RSi', 'kavi', vagere vizeSaNo lagADe che. sarva devomAM manuSyanI nikaTamAM nikaTa vasato deva e che. e pRthvI upara vasato deva che, pRthvInI nAbhimAM rahelo che. manuSyanuM ghara te enuM ja che. ane tethI te 'gRhapati' kahevAya che. e agninAM traNa sthAna che. - pRthvI, aMtarikSa (madhyama loka) ane ghoSa (tRtIya loka, svarga). mULa e agni 'parama vyoma' (ghoSu) kahetAM svargamAM vasato hato, tyAMthI mAtarizvAe tene pRthvI upara utAryo che. 'vaizvAnara' ane 'narAzaMsa' evA be e agninAM vizeSarUpo yAne vizeSaNo che. A uparAMta 'tanUnapAta' e zabda paNa agni mATe prayojAya che. eno artha svayaMbhU che. (tanU - kahetAM zarIra yA pote, teno 'napAt' kahetAM apatya yAne putra, arthAt pote ja potAno putra potanAmAMthI ja janmelo)

Page #215
202 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana (8) vaUT, vR - vIMTavuM dhAtu uparathI paramAtmAnuM sarvane AvarIne (vIMTIne) rahetuM sarvajJa, aMtaryAmI svarUpa che. e A vizvano "sukSatra' sArA baLavALo rAjA che, "samrATa' che. prANImAtra enA niyamathI baMdhAyelA che. e hajAro AMkhothI AkhA jagatane jue che. varuNa pApIne pAzamAM bAMdhe che, zikSA kare che. - paNa je pApa mATe pazcAttApa kare che tenA upara dayA lAvI enA pApane kSamA kare che. varuNa nadIone potAnA niyamAnusAra vahevaDAve che ane e jaLano paNa rAjA che. A paramAtmAnuM zaktimaMta svarUpa che, "zukra', "zatakratu', "zacipati vagere nAmothI paNa te oLakhAya che. e hAthamAM vaja dhAraNa kare che ane vRtra Adi vagere daitya dAnavone mArI jagatane aMdhakAra, anAvRSTi ane duHkhamAMthI mukta kare che. AkAza ane pRthvI - baMnemAM enI zakti pratIta thAya che. AkAzamAM vaja (vIjaLI) vaDe meghane phADI e vRSTi karAve che. pRthvI ane AkAza eno kamarapaTo thavAne paNa pUratAM nathI - evI enI vizALatA che. (10) viSNu - (vim pravezavuM dhAtu uparathI) paramAtmAnuM vizvanA aMtaramAM pravezeluM sarvavyApaka svarUpa. traNa pagalAMthI eNe AkhuM vizva bharI nAkhyuM che. enAM be pagalAM te pRthvI ane aMtarikSa che, trIjuM pagaluM enI pAra che. enAM traNa pagalAM ujjavala, AnaMda ane madhuratAthI bharelAM che, enA parama padamAM madhuratAnAM jharaNAM che. (11) savitA - (TU - utpanna karavuM uparathI) preraka, utpAdaka - evI paramAtmAnI tejomaya zaktinuM rUpa che. gAyatrIno mahAmaMtra e buddhinA preraka paramAtmAnA "vareNya' tejanuM dhyAna karI mAnavanI buddhine te prere evI prArthanA che. e savitA deva potAnI kuzaLa AMgaLIothI A jagatane sarje che. (12) sUrya - sUrya devonuM adbhuta mukha UgyuM che - mitra, varuNa ane agninuM je netra che, e sUrya dya, pRthvI ane aMtarikSa bharI nAkhyAM che. - sUrya cara ane acara (jaMgama ane sthAvara) no AtmA che. (13) pUNA, sUrya rUpI poSaka deva (pUSa - poSavuM dhAtu uparathI) e paramAtmAnuM poSaka svarUpa che. te sarva sRSTino niyaMtA ane pAlaka che e sRSTine doranAra che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #216
hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana (14) azvinau , e be devanuM joDakuM che. emanAM bIjA nAma vastro' ane 'nAsatyau ' che. ' vastro' eTale AzcaryakAraka, 'nAsatyo' asatya nahi evA eTale ke satya svarUpa vA satyaniSTha. gothika bhASAmAM 'nar' bacAvavuM - dhAtu che enI madadathI 'nAmau' eTale duHkhamAMthI bacAvanAra evo artha keTalAka arvAcIna vidvAno kare che. tene AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. A deva sAthe paropakAranAM asaMkhya kAryono ullekha che tethI tene devonA vaidya' paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. (15) yama (yam - dhAtu uparathI ) = paramAtmAnuM niyAmaka svarUpa. yamane, vivasvAna kahetAM sUryano ane keTalIka vAra gaMdharvano putra kahevAmAM Ave che. e Adya manuSya che. tene AnaMdazaMkara pazcimI prajAnA 'Adama' sAthe sarakhAve che. enI bahenanuM nAma yamI che. yame parajIvanano mArga sauthI pahelo zodhI kADhyo che. tethI e pitRlokano deva banyo che. yamadevanA vaidika nirUpaNa aMge AnaMdazaMkara noMdhe che : "vedano yamadeva vikarALatA ke bhaMyakaratAnI mUrti nathI, paNa sUrya jevo tejasvI che. varuNanI mAphaka ene paNa 'rAjA' zabda vAraMvAra lagADavAmAM Ave che." (dharmavicAra -2, pR. 29) (16) hra dra- (4 r -rovuM, zabda karavo dhAtu uparathI, athavA keTalAka yuropiyana vidvAno pramANe lAla hovuM, prakAzavuM arthanA dhAtu uparathI) vizvamAM ghora zabda karatuM paramAtmAnuM svarUpa. e pracaMDa vAyurUpe darzana de che. vAyurUpe e sugaMdhI ane puSTivardhaka paNa che. bhaDabhaDa zabda karato agni paNa enuM ja rUpa che. e agninI jvALA te devIo, ane dhUma e enI jaTA, tophAnI pavana ane enI sAthenI vIjaLI-kATakAne laIne, e vinAzano deva che. paNa agni e jema Aryono maMgaLamaya deva che, tema agnirUpe rudra paNa ziva arthAt kalyANakArI deva che. e ja giri ane araNyano deva che tathA 'bheSaja' kahetAM auSadha vaDe roga hare che. (dharmavicAra -2, pR.30) (17) parnaca e vRSTino deva che. A vRSTithI sakaLa jIvana ane pRthvI tRpta thAya che. (18) 3SA 203 * uSaHkALanI manohara mUrti. enA RgvedasaMhitAmAM ghaNAM suMdara varNano che. temAM uSAne 'purANI devI', 'yuvati puraMdhi' (sarvanuM dhAraNa poSaNa karatI evI mukhya gRhiNI), mitra ane varuNanI mahAmAyA, AkAzanI duhitA ane bhuvananI rANI vagere vizeSaNo lagADavAmAM AvyAM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #217
204 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana (19) brahmaLati '"brahya" kahetAM prabhu pratyenI vANI, stuti, yajJa, dharmanuM daivI tattva, eno adhiSThAtA deva - te brahmaNaspati, bRhaspati. A tattva samasta vizvamAM vyApeluM che, e vaDe vizva vRddhi pAme che, e vighnone hare che, rAkSasono nAza kare che, stotAone sumArge calAve che ane devonuM daivatva paNa ene lIdhe che. e dhArmikatAno adhiSThAtA deva, tethI devono AcArya, guru ane e maMtragaNa (samUha) no pati tethI 'gaNapati'. A devanI bhAvanAmAM ja purANakALamAM dareka maMgaLakArya vakhate gaNapatinuM AhvAna ane smaraNa karavAnI vidhinuM kAraNa raheluM che, ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. (20) soma A eka jAtanI auSadhi (vanaspati) che. RSio ene pUjatA ane rAjA evuM vizeSaNa lagADatA. prAcIna IrAnanI bhASAmAM somane mATe 'haoma-homa' zabda che. tenA arthane AdhAre AnaMdazaMkara noMdhe che ke "AryonI baMne zAkhAomAM soma e mAtra velo nahi paNa koI divya gebI amRtattvanuM tattva manAya che." (dharmavicAra -2, pR.32) (21) rU|-bhAratI-sarasvatI A RgvedanI devIo che. uSA, pRthivI, ILA, bhAratI, sarasvatI ane vAdevI RgvedasaMhitAnI mukhya devIo che. temAM ILA prazasyatAnI devI che, bhAratI - prakAzanI devI che, sarasvatI jJAnanI ane vAdevI paramAtma jJAnanI devI che. vedanA devonuM uparokta nirUpaNa e vAta spaSTa kare che ke temano sthULa artha ane sUkSma artha che. A sUkSma artha devonA vyApaka svarUpano ghotaka che. AnaMdazaMkara ene ja pradhAna ke mukhya mAnI veda dharmanI vyApakatA ke sarvAzleSitAne darzAve che.. deva saMkhyA : RgvedasaMhitAnI devatAonuM svarUpa spaSTa karI aMtamAM AnaMdazaMkara n sat viprA vahudhA vatti / e sUktane anusarI A sarva devatAonI bhAvanAonI pAchaLa eka ja tattva jude jude rUpe vyakta thAya che ema spaSTa karavAno prayAsa kare che. vedomAM devonAM aneka nAma Ave che. emAM nairukto (zabdanA dhAtvartha uparathI arthanuM nirvacana karanAra varga ) e prakRtinAM dazyonA ane tethI devonA - sthAnabhede karIne chevaTe traNa mukhya deva gaNAvyA che. niruktakAra yAska sthAnavibhAgane laIne devatAonI traNa zreNI gaNAve che : (1) pRthvIvAsI devatAo (2) ataMrikSavAsI devatAo (3) ghulokavAsI devatAo. yAska e prazna carce che ke vedamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #218
hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 205 ATalAM badhAM devonAM nAma Ave che to badhA maLI deva traNa ja che ema kema mAnI zakAya ? Ano naikta pakSa taraphathI yAska Apelo uttara spaSTa karI ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "devo evA mahAbhAga che ke e eka hoIne paNa enAM aneka nAmo hoya che....jema karmabhede karI ekaja vyakti keTalAka yajJomAM hotA, adhvaryu, brahmA ane udgAtA thAya che ane e nAme vyavahArAya che, tema eka ja deva te te karmoe karI tadanusAra jude jude nAme bolAya che, paNa A asaMkhya devone traNa devamAM samAvI devAnuM je udAharaNa che e vastutaH teone eka devamAM samAvI devAne paNa samartha che. tethI e vicArazreNImAM AgaLa vadhatAM eka siddhAMta e devonA 'bhedabheda no eTale ke ekAekatAno nIkaLe che. arthAta jema traNa sthAna (pRthvI, aMtarikSa ane ghu) paraspara saMbaMdha hoIne eka che ema enA traNa devo traNe hoIne paNa eka che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 292) A bhedabheda athavA ekAnekatAno siddhAMta eTale bheda ane abheda athavA eka ane aneka ema nahi, paNa bhedamAM abheda, ekamAM aneka ema samajavAnuM che. tene vadhu zuddharUpe samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : bhAsamAna bhedamAM vAstavika abheda, bhAsamAna anekatAmAM vAstavika ekatA." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 292-293) ApaNA RSionI paramAtmA darzananI A viziSTatAne dhyAnamAM rAkhIe to ja vedadharmanuM kharuM svarUpa, vizvanA padArthonI anekatAmAM paramAtmAnI ekatAnuM darzana ane e padArthonuM pavitrIkaraNa vagere samajI zakAya che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. potAnA A matanA samarthanamAM AnaMdazaMkara keTalAka AdhAra tAravI batAve che. tene nIce pramANe kramabaddha karI zakAya che : (1) vedanA traNa devonAM nAma spaSTa rIte mAtra vizeSaNa che, athavA ghAtvarthathI temanI vizeSaNatA phalita thAya che. jema ke poSaNa karanAra te pUSA', zakti vaDe utpanna kare te "savitA', vizvamAM praveze te viSNu, prANIo prati mitrabhAve varte te mitra vagere. aditi zabda pahelo che ane emAMthI "Aditya' zabda phalita thayo che. te aneka devane lagADavAmAM Ave che. e batAve che ke ekatAmAMthI anekatAno janma che, anekatAmAMthI ekatA upajAvAtI nathI. mULano eka devano siddhAMta RgvadanA uttarabhAgamAM spaSTarUpa dhAraNa kare che ane tyAM puruSa, hiraNyagarbha, tvaSTA, dhAtA eve nAme sRSTinA AtmA ane bIjarUpI ane kartArUpI eka paramAtmAnuM pratipAdana karavAmAM AvyuM che. Rveda sivAyanI anya saMhitAomAM paNa eka devavAda jovA maLe che. te e spaSTa kare che ke eka devavAda keTalo lokapriya ane sarvasaMmata hato. (4) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #219
AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana Ama, vedamAM paramAtmAnI ekatAnuM pratipAdana saMpradAya siddha ja che ema AnaMdazaMkaranA uparokta vivaraNa parathI samajI zakAya che. sAmaveda, yajurveda ane atharvavedanI saMhitAno dharma : sAmavedanI saMhitA gAna mATe hoI emAM lagabhaga badhI RsaMhitAnI ja RcAo che. tethI temAM AnaMdazaMkaranA mate dharma saMbaMdhI kazuM ja navuM jANavAnuM maLatuM nathI. Ama, RgvedasaMhitA ane sAmavedanI saMhitAnA dharmamAM koI taphAvata jovA maLato nathI. yajuHsaMhitAmAM paNa ghaNe sthaLe saMhitAnI RcAono yajJamAM kyAM upayoga karavo e ja batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. A uparAMta 'rudra' - deva tarIke yaju: saMhitAmAM vizeSa AgaLa paDatA thayA che. yajuHsaMhitAmAM AnaMdazaMkaranA mate eka agatyano kahI zakAya evo pheraphAra e thayo che ke, RsaMhitAmAM yajJa je sAdA rUpamAM hato te yajuHsaMhitAmAM puSkaLa vistAra pAmyo che. tenI samAjajIvana para vidhAyaka ane niSedhaka baMne asara thayelI jovA maLe che. 206 nakArAtmaka asara e ke, yajuHsaMhitAmAM atizaya yajJanA vistArathI dharmanuM sAduM svarUpa, tenI sahajatA ane saraLatA nAza pAme che. ane hakArAtmaka asara e ke, yajJabhAvanAno vistAra thavAthI yajJamAM Akho janasamAja joDAya che. yajJamAM dharmanAM gUDha satyo samAyelAM che evI samajaNa udaya pAme che ane devatAonA svarUpa viSe tathA paramAtmAnI ekatA viSe navAM ciMtano thatAM saMbhaLAya che. sAmaveda ane yajurvedanI saMhitA karatAM atharvavedanI dharmabhAvanA AnaMdazaMkaranA matAnusAra ApaNane keTaluMka navuM jANavAnuM Ape che. RsaMhitAnI keTalIka dhArmika ane sAMsArika bhAvanAo atharvasaMhitAnA samaya sudhImAM samAja jIvanamAM sArI evI pracalita thaI hatI te atharvasaMhitAthI samajAya che. anya vedathI atharvasaMhitAnA dharmanAM keTalAMka vizeSa lakSaNo AnaMdazaMkara nIce mujaba tAravI batAve che : (dharmavicAra-2, pR.35) (1) suMdara gharasaMsAranI ane rASTrIya jIvananI bhAvanAo (2) paramAtmAnI ekatAnA ane naitika jIvananI mahattAnA vicAro (3) rAgadveSathI bharapUra manuSya jIvananAM citro ane e vRttionA udgArarUpa jAdumaMtranA bAliza prayogo vagere vividharaMgI viSayo atharvavedanI saMhitAmAM ekatra thayelA joI zakAya che. atharvasaMhitAmAM jovA maLato maMtrarUpI vahemI ane melo dharma AryonA ujjavala ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana jJAnI dharmamAM kema dekhAya che ? evo prazna svAbhAvikapaNe ja ahIM upasthita thAya che. AnA khulAsAmAM be mata che. eka mata evo che ke AryonA anAryo sAthenA saMbaMdhathI A melo dharma utpanna thayo che. bIjo mata evo che ke, AryonA ja vahemI varganI A mAnyatA che. uparokta be matamAMthI pahelA bIjA matanI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke jo A bIjo mata sAco hoya to Rgveda saMhitAnA samayamAM evo vahemI varga kema na hato e prazna Ubho thAya che. jyAre pahelA matanI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara evo prazna uThAve che ke, jo atharvasaMhitA e kevaLa anAryono ja veda hoya to temAM anArya devatAono ja ullekha maLavo joIe, paNa ema jovA maLatuM nathI. uparokta baMne matanI samIkSA karI vizeSa saMbhava mata vyakta karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "anAryonA AryonI sAthe eka janamaMDaLamAM samAveza thayA pachI ane AryonI devatAo svIkArAyA pachI, anAryonI dhArmika vRttinA udgAra rUpa A maMtro utpanna thayA haze." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.36) brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSadanI dharmabhAvanA : saMhitA pachI vedanA graMthono eka moTo bhAga, te 'brAhmaNa' nAme oLakhAya che. 'brahman' kahetAM je dharmanuM tattva, teno sthULa AkAra te yajJanI kriyAo, ane e kriyAonuM rahasya je graMthomAM batAvavAmAM AvyuM che te 'brAhmaNa'. e mujaba brAhmaNa graMthono artha AnaMdazaMkara tAravI batAve che. 207 RgvedasaMhitAmAM raheluM yajJanuM sAduM rUpa yajurvedamAM vistAra pAmatuM dekhAya che. tethI yajJanA sAmAnya ane vizeSa svarUpa saMbaMdhI aneka prazno thavA lAgyA. "enA uttara A brAhmaNagraMthomAM apAvA mAMDyA. arthAt 'brAhmaNa' e saMhitAnA dharma upara-saMhitA u52 nahi, paNa enA dharma upara- eka jAtanI TIkA (pravacana) che. A TIkA aMge, graMthomAM zabdanI vyutpattio, rasika AkhyAyikAo ane yajJanA rahasya saMbaMdhI je - je vicAro apAyelA che te (1) saMhitAnA dharma upara keTaluMka ajavALuM nAkhe che, tathA (2) A navIna samayanA RSiono dharma ane lokasthiti samajavAmAM upayogI thAya che; eTaluM ja nahi, paNa (3) saMhitAnA pahelAM paNa AryalokanI vyavahArika ane dhArmika sthiti kevI haze e viSe keTalIka jANavAjoga mAhitI pUrI pADe che. pAchaLanA samayamAM ApaNe mahAbhArata, purANa vageremAM je kathAo sAMbhaLIe chIe. temAMnI keTalIkano prathama ullekha vA bIja A brAhmaNagraMthomAM jovAmAM Ave che". (dharmavicAra -2, pR.43) 'brAhmaNa' mAM kahelA 'zrotayajJo'nA be prakAra che : (1) haviryajJa (2) somayAga For Personal & Private Use Only

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208 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana haviryajJa sAdA ane gharamAM ja thaI zake evA hatA. agnihotra, dazapUrNamAsa vagere haviryajJanA prakAra che. somayAga e moTA yajJo hatA. agniSToma, rAjasUya, azvamedha vagere somayAganA prakhyAta prakAro che. AmAMthI agniSToma e nAno somayAga che, jayAre rAjasUya ane azvamedha rAjA mATe che. somayAga brAhmaNakALamAM navo ja utpanna thayelo yajJa nathI. RgyedasaMhitAmAM devatAone soma arpavAno vidhi Ave che. Ama, somayAganAM mULa AnaMdazaMkaranA matAnusAra ghaNAM prAcIna che. brAhmaNamAM prajApati, yajJa vA havi ane yajamAna e traNenI gUDha ekatAnuM pratipAdana karavAmAM Ave che. brAhmaNa graMthone AdhAre RSionA dharma paratve AnaMdazaMkara be phalitArtho tArave che : (dharmavicAra - 2, pR. 44) (1) brAhmaNakALanA RSionA yajJa te mAtra artha vagaranI jAduI kriyAo ja na hatI, paNa emAM RSio potAnA dhArmika vicAro mUrtimaMta karatA. (2) brAhmaNayugamAM vaidikadharma karmajALathI bahu chavAI gayo hato, paNa te sAthe temAM ekezvara vAdanI bhAvanA paNa joI zakAya che. brAhmaNakALamAM RSio prajApati rUpe eka paramAtmAnuM vajana karatAM jaNAya che ane yajJa te A vizvanuM svarUpa che ema temanI bhAvanAmAM joI zakAya che. Aja samajaNathI RSioe aneka vidhio racelI che. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "ema kahIe to paNa cAle ke prAcIna RSionA bhaktinA udrakamAMthI yajJakarma vadhI paDyAM hatAM te vadhAre vistAravA mATe nahi, paNa e sarvamAM A vizvanuM svarUpa darzAvavA mATe tathA eka prajApatinuM smaraNa jAgatuM rAkhavA mATe brAhmaNagraMthanI sAMkhya pravRtti hatI." (dharmavicAra - 2, pR. 44-45) saMhitA ane brAhmaNa pachI vedano chello vibhAga te AraNyaka ane upaniSada. A traNe bhegA maLI "veda" kahevAya che. AraNyaka ane upaniSadamAM vedano "aMta' eTale ke chevaTano bhAga yA siddhAMta rahelo che. saMhitAmAM brahma', "Rta" vagere dharmavAcaka zabdomAM garbhita rIte tattvajJAna paDeluM che. saMhitAmAM je tattvajJAna pragaTa rUpe jovA maLe che te ghaNe bhAge sAduM che, tethI tattvajJAnanA gahana praznonA khulAsA temAM maLatA nathI. Ama thavAnuM kAraNa AnaMdazaMkara saMhitA e bhakti pradhAna ane sAmAnya janasamAjanI dhArmika vRtti saMtoSavAne arthe pravRtta thayelI che temAM raheluM jue che. arthAt temanA mate saMhitA bhaktipradhAna vizeSa che . tethI temAM tattvajJAna pratyakSa rIte jovA maLatuM nathI. te saMhitA pachI brAhmaNagraMthomAM je karma (yajJa) pradhAna che temAM tattvajJAnanI UMDI samajaNa che paNa te yajJa sAthe bhaLelI che tethI temAM tattvajJAna pratyakSarUpe raheluM nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 209 saMhitA ane brAhmaNamAM garbhita rUpe raheluM tattvajJAna AraNyaka ane upaniSadamAM pratyakSa jovA maLe che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che saMhitA ane brAhmaNabhAgamAM chUpAyeluM "tattvajJAna AraNyakamAM cAlavA mAMDI upaniSadamAM parAkASThAe pahoMce che." (dharmavicAra - 2, pR. 50) AraNyakane AnaMdazaMkara brAhmaNa ane upaniSada vaccenI kaDIrUpa mAne che. sAmAnya saMsAravyavahAra choDI araNyamAM jaI dharmaparAyaNa jIvana gALanAra - ane dharma aMge, paramAtmAnA svarUpa vize ciMtana karanAra RSionA racelA A graMtho che. e graMthomAM ane e RSionA jIvanamAM hajI yajJa sthAna bhogave che, paNa te sAthe ja temAM tattvaciMtananI paNa zarUAta thayelI joI zakAya che. A tattvaciMtana upaniSadomAM paripUrNa thAya che. saMhitAmAM RSio dvArA thatI sAMsArika sukhanI mAgaNIone sthAne upaniSadomAM amRtatvanI prAptinI abhilASA jovA maLe che. Ama, saMhitAthI mAMDI upaniSada sudhIno eka vaicArika ane dhArmika vikAsakrama ApaNe tyAM rahelo che. teo kahe che : "saMhitAthI mAMDI upaniSada sudhImAM ja sarva prakAranA manuSyonI dharmajijJAsAne saMtoSa Ape evuM dhArmika sAhitya prakaTa thayeluM jovA maLe che." "upaniSada' - zabdanA vividha rIte artha karavAmAM Ave che. zaMkarAcArya Adi prAcIna TIkAkAro sat dhAtunA gati ane hiMsA (nAza) e be artha uparathI paramAtmAne pahoMcADanAra vA ajJAnano nAza karanAra ema upaniSada zabdanA be artha kare che. meksamUlara "3pa' eTale pAse ane 'ni + sa' eTale besavuM - e uparathI guru pAse jaIne besIne, prApta karavAnI vidyA evo eka sAdo artha sUcave che. AnI sAme AnaMdazaMkara e vAMdho uThAve che ke e vakhate badhI vidyA guru pAse bhaNAtI hatI A ekalI ja nahi. tethI hAthamAM samidha laI khAsa zrautriya ane brahmaniSTha guru pAse brahmavidyA bhaNavA javAno upaniSadamAM vidhi che. olDanabarga ni - + e mArI sAthe ekAWka hoI, upaniSadano 'upAsanA' artha kare che. DoIsana upaniSada zabda vedamAM je je jude jude sthaLe vaparAyo che te ekaThA karI e uparathI eno artha rahasya evo kare che. A vividha matone sAMkaLIne upaniSadano sarvagrAhya artha karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che: "kharuM jotAM, A sarva artho upaniSada zabdamAM bhaLelA che. ajJAnano nAza karI paramAtmAne pahoMcADanArI vidyA - je guru pAse jaIne besIne pUrNa jijJAsAthI ane vRttio vaza karIne prApta karavAnI che. jemAM paramAtmAnI kharI upAsanA batAvelI che ane temAM vedanuM kharuM rahasya raheluM che te - "upaniSada" (dharmavicAra - 2, pR. 51) upaniSadonI saMkhyA vize ghaNA matabhedo jovA maLe che. mULa upaniSadanI saMkhyAmAM jate dahADe ghaNo vadhAro thaI gayelo jovA maLe che. navAM keTalAMka upaniSada je ghaNe bhAge atharvaveda sAthe joDAyelAM che tene jUnAM upaniSadothI AnaMdazaMkaranA mate sahelAIthI alaga pADI zakAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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210 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana upaniSadanA viSaya pramANe vibhAga karI AnaMdazaMkara tene cAra bhAgamAM vaheMce che : (1) jJAnapradhAna upaniSada (2) yoganI kriyAo batAvanAra upaniSada (3) vairAgya (saMnyAsa) pradhAna upaniSada (4) bhaktipradhAna upaniSada prA. DoIsana kAlikakrama pramANe upaniSadanA cAra varga pADe che. te AnaMdazaMkara mAnya rAkhe che : (1) prAcIna gadya - bRhadAraNyaka ane chAMdogya, taittiriya, aitareya, kauSItaki ane kena. (2) padya upaniSada - kaTha, IzAvAsya, zvetAzvetara, mUMDaka ane mahAnArAyaNa pAchaLanAM gadya - prazna, maitrAyaNIya ane mAMDUkya upaniSada (4) pAchaLanAM arthava upaniSada - garbha, prANAgnihotra, kSurikA, nAdabindu-brahmabindu, amRtabiMdu, kaivalya, saMnyAsa, paramahaMsajAbAla, atharvazirasa, kAlAgnidra, nArAyaNa, nRsiMhatApanIya, rAmatApanIya vagere. A sarva upaniSadomAM sauthI prAcIna upaniSada jJAnane lagatA che. teno TUMkamAM sAra AnaMdazaMkara nIce pramANe tAravI Ape che : (dharmavicAra - 2, pR. para-pa3) (1) jIva e paMcamahAbhUtanA banelA jaDapadArthothI bhinna che. (2) e jaDa padArtho - sajIva ane nirjIva - paramAtmAmAMthI utpanna thayA che, paramAtmA thakI TakI rahyA che ane aMte paramAtmAmAM bhaLe che. (3) paramAtmA piMDamAM ane brahmAMDamAM vaselo che - jagatano ane jIvano aMtaryAmI che. (4) jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdha bahu gADha ane nikaTa che. eka ajJa che, bIjo sarvajJa che e kharuM, paNa vastutaH vicAra karatAM baMne eka ja tattva che. jIva paramAtmAmAMthI ja nIkaLyo che, eno sakhA che, enuM ja svarUpa che, e pote ja che. (5) e paramAtmAne upaniSada, brahma', 'puruSa', "AtmA', evA zabdothI vyavahAre che. kAraNake, e vRddhi, vizALatA ane yajananuM tattva che, sarvatra zAMtithI vaseluM sabharabharyuM tattva che, potApaNAnuM tattva che. (6) e mana, vANI ane IndriyothI para che. je kahe che ke meM ene jANyuM che ke ene jANato nathI, chatAM e nathI ema je kahe che te pote ja nathI thAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 211 (7) e neti', 'neti', arthAta "ema nahi 'ema nahi evA zabdothI ja kathAya che, chatAM e niSedharUpa, - zUnya - khAlI nathI, e anaMta satarUpa, anaMta cittarUpa, anaMta AnaMdarUpa tattva che. e paramAtmAno sAkSAtkAra (pratyakSa anubhava) - mana, Indriyo vagere vaza karIne, sadAcArathI cAlIne, eno anugraha prApta karIne enuM yarthAtha (satya) jJAna meLavIne thaI zake che. (9) te mATe upaniSada vagere enA jJAna saMbaMdhI graMthanuM zravaNa karavuM, zravaNa karIne te upara manana karavuM ane chevaTano nirNaya bAMdhIne dhyAna karavuM. (10) je A jJAna prApta karIne jAya te "brAhmaNa' ane prApta karyA vagara jAya te "kRpaNa' (dayA khAvA jevo) samajavo. (11) manuSyanI karma pramANe gati thAya che : puNyakarmathI e puNyazALI thAya che, ane pApakarmathI pAparUpa thAya che. sapuruSa mATe paNa maraNa pachI be mArga che - jemAMno eka caMdralokamAM ane bIjo brahmalokamAM jAya che - temAMno pahelo mArga te dhUmamArga kahevAya che, kAraNake te yajJayAgano mArga che ane bIjo mArga "acimArga' yAne prakAzano mArga kahevAya che, kAraNake te jJAnano mArga che. jene paramAtmAno sAkSAtkAra thayo che tene mATe maraNa nathI, ene janmajanmAMtarano phero nathI. (2) saMskRta yuganI dharmabhAvanA zruti-smRtiH bhAratIya paraMparAmAM "dharma' zabda koI saMpradAya vizeSano ghAtaka nathI paNa jIvananI AcArasaMhitA rUpe che. je manuSyane tenA lakSya sudhI pahoMcavA mATe yogya banAve che. (dharmazAstra I tirasa - prathama vaMDa pR.102) A dRSTikoNane AdhAre hiMduzAstranA be vibhAgo che : "zruti' ane "mRti'. saMhitA, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSada eTalA vaidikakALanA graMtho te "zruti" gaNAya che. veda pachI vedanA jJAnane vadhAre sulabha, suzliSTa ane buddhigamya bane evuM karavA mATe je graMtho racAyA te mRtigraMtho kahevAya che. e sarva svataMtra graMtho nathI, paNa prAcIna vaidikajJAnanA smaraNamAMthI utpanna thayA che ane tethI e sarva "smRti' ne nAme oLakhAya che. skRtikALane AnaMdazaMkara saMskRta yuga tarIke oLakhAve che. kAraNake tenI bhASA saMskRta che. I.sa. pUrve 1000-800 thI I.sa. 1000 sudhInA samayane AnaMdazaMkara saMskRtayugamAM ja vargIkRta kare che. te samaya daramyAna hiMdustAnanuM dhArmika jIvana kevuM hatuM te aMge sarvagrAhI dRSTithI AnaMdazaMkare avalokana karyuM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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212 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana "mRti' e zrutinA smaraNarUpa che. e siddhAMta hiMduzAstramAM evI daDhatAthI manAya che ke je smRtivacanano AdhAra atyAre zrutimAM na maLato hoya te paNa vastutaH koI zruti para ja racAyela che paNa zrutionI keTalIka zAkhAo lupta thatAM atyAre e zruti upalabdha thatI nathI ema kalpanA karavAmAM Ave che. Ama chatAM je smRtinuM vacana zrutinI spaSTa viruddha hoya tene to apramANa ja gaNavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu A kalpanAthI kaMIka judI rItanI kalpanA A viSaya aMge AnaMdazaMkara kare che. te mujaba, smRtiomAM keTalAka evA AcAravicArano ullekha jovAmAM Ave che ke jeno zrutimAM dUra dUrano AdhAra paNa maLato nathI ane atyAre upalabdha hRtionI judI judI zAkhAonA graMtho sarakhAvavAthI e spaSTa thAya che ke A badhI kRtionA pratipAdya viSayamAM ghaNe bhAge ekatA jovA maLe che, tethI evuM anumAna karavuM yogya nathI ke lupta thayelI zAkhAomAM upara kahyA tevA AcAravicAra haze. tevI ja rIte te AcAravicAra smRtikALamAM pahelAvahelA ja utpanna thayA ema kahevuM e paNa vAjabI nathI kAraNake enA upara prAcInatAnI spaSTa chApa jovA maLe che. A baMne matone dhyAnamAM laI vadhAre saMbhavita khulAso ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "zrutimAM je AcAravicArano saMgraha thayo che te uparAMta bIjA ghaNA AcAravicAro pUrvakALamAM hatA, je vaMzaparaMparA saMpradAyathI RtikArone jaNAyelA hoI, skRtimAM smaraNarUpe dAkhala thayA che." (dharmavicAra 2, pR. 65) potAnA A matanI puSTi mATe AnaMdazaMkare AdhAro ApyA che. jema ke, zrautayajJonA vidhi zrutimAMthI maLe che paNa te uparAMta bIjA ghaNA AcAravicAro te vakhate pracalita hatA, je smRtiomAM pahelA vahelA noMdhAyA. tethI ja te "mRtiyajJa", "smArtasaMskAra', "smArtavidhi', vagere nAmothI prasiddha thayA che. vArasA vagere ghaNI bAbatonA kulAcAra ane dezAcAra lokomAM paraMparAgata rIte cAlyA AvatA hatA ke, jene graMthAkAre mUkavAnI je te samayamAM koI AvazyakatA na jaNAyelI, paraMtu AryalokonI jema jema hiMdustAnamAM asara vadhatI thaI ane vividha prAMto ekatA pAmatA gayA, tema tema e sAMpradAyika rivAjone graMthAkAre mUkavAnI jarUra paDI haze, paraMtu A rivAjo zrutimAMthI prApta thayelA nahi, paNa smaraNamAMthI prApta thayelA che. tethI te "mRti' graMtho tarIke oLakhAyA che. "mRti' e nAmanI prathama A rIte zarUAta thaI haze ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. pachInA samayamAM zrutimAM na hoya ane rUDhimAM paNa na hoya evA navA AcAravicAro utpanna thatA gayA te paNa AnaMdazaMkaranA kahevA anusAra smRtiomAM dAkhala thatA cAlyA che. jo ke kulAcAra ane dezAcAranA paNa RSio haze ane emanI paNa keTalIka kRtio haze, je upalabdha kRtisaMgrahamAM dAkhala thaI nathI. eTalA pUratuM chevaTe AnaMdazaMkara dhrutino AdhAra kalpavAnuM paNa samarthana kare che. Ama, zrutinA saMgrahita AcAra vicAro sivAya paNa bIjA te kALanA AcAra vicAro smRtimAM smaraNarUpe dAkhala thaI gayA hovAnI saMbhAvanA aMgeno AnaMdazaMkarano mata yathArtha jaNAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 213 jyAM smRti ane zruti vacce spaSTa virodha Ave tyAM smRti karatAM zrutine vadhAre prabaLa mAnavAno siddhAMta che. paNa jo koI bAbata zrutimAM kahI ja na hoya te aMgenuM koI vacana smRtimAM hoya to e vacana mULa koI zruti uparathI ja banyuM haze ema manAya che. smRtigraMthonuM A rItanuM mahattva jotAM AnaMdazaMkara smRtio ke je saMskRta kALano pratiSThita RSipraNita graMtho che tenA upara hiMdudharmano mukhya AdhAra rahelo che ema mAne che. tethI temaNe vedAMga, paMcamahAyajJa, saMskAra, varNavyavasthA, Azrama vyavasthA, karma ane punarjanma, puruSArtha vagere hiMdudharmanA mULabhUta siddhAMtanuM khUba ja talasparzI varNana karyuM che. vedAMga-sUtra : veda pachI vedanA zuddha uccAra karavA mATe, enA artha samajavA mATe, emAM batAvelI yajJanI kriyAo yogya kALe ane yogya paddhatisara karavA mATe keTalAMka pustako racavAmAM AvyA te "vedAMga' kahevAya che. "vedAMga eTale vedanA aMga yAne sAdhana, vedane sahAyabhUta thanArA pustako, vedAMga che che : (1) zikSA (2) kalpa (3) vyAkaraNa (4) chanda (5) jayotiSa (6) nirukta A kALanAM ghaNAM pustako "sUtra' AkAramAM racAyelAM che. "sUtra' eTale doro. jema dorA upara phUla gUMthIne hAra banAvAya che tema thoDA zabdonAM banelA alpAkSarI vAkyone "sUtra' kahe che. sUcave te "sUtra'. thoDA zabdomAM saghaLo artha sUcavanAra vAkyo te "sUtra' ema keTalAka TIkAkAro "sUtra' zabdano artha kare che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate TUMkAM vAkyo ziSyo sahelAIthI yAda rAkhI zake ane e upara gurue karelo badho upadeza manamAM goThavI zake e hetuthI sUtra racAyelAM che. Ama, jyAre saghaLI vidyA kaMThastha rAkhavAno rivAja hato tyAre A sUtro racAyAM haze ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. te vakhatanA hiMdustAnamAM lipijJAna nahotuM. tethI sUtro - alpAkSarI vAkyo racAyAM haze ema pAzcAtya vidvAna maiksamUlarano mata che, jene AnaMdazaMkara mAnya rAkhatA nathI. yuropiyana vidvAna golDasTakarane anusarI AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, sUtro racAtAM pahelAM paNa lipittAna hiMdustAnamAM hatuM ema siddha karanArA ghaNAM pramANa che. jema ke, "varNa', "akSara' vagere zabdo je pANininI pahelAMnA che te spaSTapaNe batAve che ke lipijJAna na hota to e zabdo saMbhave nahi. A uparAMta bauddha dharmanuM mukhya sAhitya "sUtra" nAme oLakhAya che. tene kAraNe badhAM "sUtro' gautamabuddha (I.sa. pUrve chaThTho saiko ) pachInAM che ema paNa keTalAka vidvAno kalpanA kare che. tene AnaMdazaMkara ayogya kalpanA gaNAve che. temanA mate bauddha dharmanAM sUtronuM svarUpa guruziSyanA saMvAdarUpI che. tethI "sUtra" - zabda vaidika sUtrane jevo yathArtha rIte lAgu paDe che tevo bauddha sUtrane lAgu paDato nathI. tethI bauddha sAhityamAM rahelo "sUtra' zabda vaidika zabda uparathI thayo hovAnuM vadhAre saMbhavita che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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214 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana vedAMga yAne sUtranA samayane AnaMdazaMkara vedanI punarAlocanAno samaya kahe che. saMhitAthI upaniSada sudhIno je vedadharma chUTochavAyo jaNAya che te sUtrakALamAM vyavasthA pAme che. sUtrakALamAM thayelI A dharmavyavasthAmAM samayAnusAra Avazyaka pheraphAro thatA rahyA che. tema chatAM hiMdudharmamAM A ja paryata vedadharmanAM te tattvo mULa svarUpe virAjamAna che, jene AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA dharmanI jIvaMtatAnI nizAnI gaNe che. jJAna, bhakti ane karma e dharmanAM traNa tattvo paikI jJAna ane bhakti karmanI sarakhAmaNIe AMtaratattva che ane tethI sUkSma che. tethI janasamAjano badho varga teno adhikArI nathI banI zakato. dharmanuM trIjuM tattva karma te bAhya AcaraNa rUpa che ane te sthUla ane sahelAIthI grahaNa karI zakAya ema che. tethI te janasamAjanA moTAbhAgano dharma bane che. jo ke ahIM AnaMdazaMkara ema nathI kahevA mAgatA ke karma AdhArita dharma te jJAna ane bhakti vinAno AMdhaLo AcAra che. temanA mate karmakAMDanA garbhamAM jJAna ane bhakti rahelAM che. jJAna ane bhaktine prakaTa thavA mATe karmakAMDanuM poSaNa paNa jarUrI che. A dRSTie jJAna ane bhaktine AnaMdazaMkara dharmanI pAMkhonI upamA Ape che to karmane enA dhaDa (zarIra) sAthe sarakhAve che. tethI dareka dharmanuM sthUla svarUpa jANavuM hoya to AnaMdazaMkara prathama tenA karmakAMDanuM avalokana karavAnuM sUcana kare che. e karmakAMDane lagatA graMtha te "kalpasUtra'. zrautrasUtra, gRhyasUtra ane dharmasUtra evA kalpasUtranA traNa varga pADavAmAM AvyA che. temAM zrautrasUtramAM zrutimAM kahelI yajJanI kriyAo zI rIte karavI e batAveluM che. gRhyasUtramAM dareka gRhastha gharamAM karavAnI dhArmika kriyAono tathA upanayana - vivAhAdi saMskArono vidhi che. dharmasUtramAM mukhyatve, brAhmaNa, kSatriya vagere varNonA tathA brahmacArI, gRhastha vagerenA AzramonA dharmonuM, temaja vAraso, leNa-deNa vagere laukika vyavahAra tathA kAyadAne lagatI bAbatonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. jo ke AvA bheda hovA chatAM, A traNe prakAranAM sUtrone AnaMdazaMkara parasparanI sAthe joDAyelA mAne che. tenI spaSTatA karatAM teo kahe che : "gRhastha vedadharma pALe che ane tethI gRhastha tarIke paNa e zrutimAM kahelA keTalAka yajJo kare che : vaLI, janasamAjamAM rahetA manuSyone gharasaMsAra vinA cAlatuM nathI ane gharasaMsArI manuSyone janasamAjanA parasparanA vyavahAramAM bhAga levo paDe che. A rIte zrauta ane gRhya, gRhya ane dharma ema traNe sUtronA samaya thoDA ghaNA ekabIjA sAthe bhaLelA jovA maLe che." (dharmavicAra 2, pR. 72-73) zrautayajJomAMnA ghaNAkharA yajJa atyAre hiMdudharmamAM nahi jevA rahyA che. paraMtu tenI sarakhAmaNIe gRhyasUtra ane dharmasUtra Aja paryata hiMdudharmamAM mULa svarUpe pracalita che. tethI AnaMdazaMkara tenI sUkSma temaja UMDANathI carcA kare che ane siddha karavAno prayAsa kare che ke, gRhyasUtra ane dharmasUtramAM varNavelI kriyAo temaja jIvananA niyamo para samasta hiMdu janasamAjanI ImArata baMdhAyelI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 215 gRhyasUtranA mukhya pAMca viSayo AnaMdazaMkara gaNAve che : (1) pAkayajJa (2) varSamAM jude jude vakhate karavAnA RtuonA yajJa (3) zrAddha (4) paMcamahAyajJa (5) saMskAra pAkayajJa : pAkyajJamAM gharamAM ana rAMdhIne agni dvArA paramAtmAne Ahuti ApavAnI kriyA che. TIkAkAro " eTale alpa, nAnA athavA to prazasta yajJa evo artha kare che. to keTalAka pakSa' eTale rAMdhavuM evo artha kare che. AnaMdazaMkara A bIjA arthane vadhAre svAbhAvika gaNAve che. (2) RtuonA yajJa : varSanA judA judA vakhate karavAnA RtuonA yajJa - je jAte ja dhArmika utsava hatA ane temAMthI ja jate dahADe hiMduonA vividha utsavo ane tahevAro utpanna thayelA che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. (3) zrAddha : zrAddha gata pitRonuM smaraNa karI emanA pratye bhakti jAgatI rAkhavAnI kriyA che. zrAddha kriyAnuM tAtparya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : (1) "zrAddha je zraddhAmAMthI utpanna thAya che - para jIvana che ane ApaNAM vahAlAM sagAMsaMbaMdhIo dekhAtAM baMdha thayAM eTale lupta thaI jatAM nathI paNa para jIvanamAM rahe che evI je zraddhAmAMthI utpanna thAya che - e zraddhA ja enuM kharuM tattva che." (2) zrAddhanI kriyA AnaMda AnaMdathI ja bharapUra che ? jIva mRtyu pAmyo eTale kuTuMbathI vikhUTo paDI gayo che evI zokanI samajaNa ja emAM nathI. e jIva haMmezAM pAchaLanAMnI sAthe, emanI vacamAM ja vase che. kuTuMbanA sukha-duHkhanA prasaMgomAM e bhAga le che. chatAM e eka bhUtapreta tarIke nahIM paNa devarUpe - evI zraddhA che." (dharmavicAra -1, pR.598) For Personal & Private Use Only

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216 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana (4) paMcamahAyajJa : paMcamahAyajJamAM gRhasthane TUMkamAM enA sarvadharmanuM nitya smaraNa karAvavAmAM Ave che. (1) devayajJa : A vizvamAM prakAzatI paramAtmAnI vividha vibhUtirUpa devonuM yajana karavuM. (2) bhUtayajJa : manuSya sivAyanAM prANI upara dayAbhAva rAkhIne emanuM poSaNa karavuM. (3) pitRyajJa svargastha thayelA mAtApitAne saMbhArIne emanA pratye potAnA hRdayanI bhakti jAgatI rAkhavI tathA pUrvajomAM mUrtimaMta thayelo kuladharma - kulanI ucca bhAvanA - pALavAnI potAnI pharajanuM nitya smaraNa karavuM. (4) brahmayajJa: pratidina vidyAbhyAsa karavo ane e vaDe buddhine pradIpta karavI. svAdhyAya (potAne bhaNavAno veda vagere vidyA) bhaNe che te "brahmayajJa'. (5) manuSyayajJa : manuSyo upara prema rAkhI emano AdarapUrvaka satkAra karavo. A pAMca prakAranA mahAyajJomAM vyakta thatAM kartavyo nitya karavAM, tathA e ja paramAtmAnuM uttama yajana che ema emAM dharmabuddhi rAkhavI, evo dareka gRhasthane hiMdudharmazAstrono Adeza che. azvamedhAdika karatAM paNa A kartavyo adhika che ema batAvavA mATe ja ene "mahAyajJa'nuM mAnavaMtu nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A paMcamahAyajJane AnaMdazaMkara hiMduvedadharmanA pAMca staMbharUpa gaNAve che. (5) saMskAra : saMskAro te jIvanane garbhathI maraNa paryata pavitra karanAra dhArmika kriyAo che. paMcamahAyajJa uparAMta gRhyasUtrano bIjo mukhya viSaya AnaMdazaMkaranA mate "saMskAra" che. "saMskAra zabda prAcIna vaidika sAhityamAM maLato nathI. tenA vividha artho karavAmAM AvyA che. "saMskAra (sa + $ uparathI) eTale sAruM karavAnI kriyA evo artha spaSTa karI AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmamAM tenuM sthAna ane mahattva samajAvatAM kahe che : "manuSyanA prakRti siddha prAkRta - pazupaMkhInA jevA jIvanane sudhArIne sAruM saMskArI karavA mATe hiMdudharmazAstra keTalIka kriyAo yojI che. ene "saMskAra' kahe che. bALaka mAtAnA garbhamAM mukAya tyAMthI mAMDIne saMskArano AraMbha thAya che, ane te maraNaparyata pahoMce che. eno udeza manuSyane enA jIvananI pavitratA samajAvI tathA e pavitratAnuM sadA smaraNa rakhAvavuM e che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.82) A rIte saMskArone AnaMdazaMkara manuSyane vadhu ucca jIvana jIvato karanAra dhArmika For Personal & Private Use Only

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annaprAzana hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 217 kriyAo rUpe svIkAre che. saMskAronI saMkhyA bAra, soLa, cAlIsa ema judI judI mAnavAmAM Ave che. AnaMdazaMkara bAra saMskArone mukhya gaNAve che : (1) garbhAdhAna : garbhAvasthAnA samayamAM mAtAno saMskAra. (2) puMsavana : garbhAvasthAnA samayamAM mAtAno saMskAra. (3) sImantonnayana : garbhAvasthAnA samayamAM mAtAno saMskAra. A saMskAra aMge mAtAnA kezamAM seMtho pADavAnI kriyA karavAmAM Ave che-e uparathI nAma paDyuM che. A saMskAra pahelIvAranA garbha vakhate ja karavAmAM Ave che. jAtakarma : janma samaye bALakane karavAno saMskAra. (5) nAmakaraNa : nAma pADavuM te. dazame divase mAtA nAhI UThe tyAre, pitA-mAtAe putranuM nAma pADavuM. (6) niSkramaNa : bahAra nIkaLavuM, cothe mahine bALakane bahAra kADhI sUryadarzana karAvavuM. : anna bhojana, chaTTa mahine bALakane madha, ghI ane bhAta ekaThAM karI khavaDAvavAM. (8) cIDa : trIje varSe (gucchA rAkhIne) vALa utarAvavA. (9) godAna : soLame varSe dADhI-gucchA sahita badhA vALa levaDAvavA. (10) upanayana : yajJopavita ApavuM ane bALakane gurune tyAM bhaNavA mokalavo. (11) samAvartana : vidyA bhaNI ghera AvavuM (11) vivAha : paraNavuM. "upanayana" ( 35 + nI uparathI) guru pAse laI javuM yA gurue vidyArthIne potAnI pAse levo evo artha karavAmAM Ave che. tene AnaMdazaMkara vadhAre yogya gaNe che. A saMskArathI manuSyamAM jJAna ane cAritryano pAyo naMkhAya che. tethI ja tene dvijatvano saMskAra kahe che. "dvija eTale bIjIvAra janmelo : pahelIvAra mAtAne peTe janmelo te, bIjI vAra A saMskArathI vyakti kharo manuSya janma dhAraNa kare che. upanayana saMskAra pAmI gurune tyAM brahmacaryanA ugra niyamo pALI gharasaMsAra mAMDavo enA vidhine "agniparigraha' kahe che. gharamAM pavitra agnirUpe paramAtmA vAsa kare che ema samajI pati-patnIne ekaThAM karI gRhasthAzrama calAvavo ane enA dharma pALavA e pramANenuM agniparigraha saMskAranuM tAtparya AnaMdazaMkara prakaTa karI Ape che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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218 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana strIomAM upanayana saMskAra H upanayana vidhi je atyAre puruSone ja karavAmAM Ave che te ApaNe tyAM ghaNA prAcIna kALamAM strIone paNa karavAmAM AvatI. enA aMge AnaMdazaMkara hAritamuni ane manumAMthI samarthana prApta kare che. prAcIna kALamAM hAritamunie be prakAranI strIonI vAta karI che : (1) brahmavAdinI (2) saghovadhU uparokta bemAM brahmavAdinIone upanayana, agnigdhana, vedAdhyayana ane potAnA gharamAM bhikSAcaryAno vidhi kahevAmAM Avyo che. jyAre saghovadhUno vivAha AvI paDatAM jema tema upanayana mAtra karI vivAha karavo evo vidhi sUcavavAmAM Avyo che. uparokta varNananA AdhAre ApaNA dezamAM strIonI keLavaNI ane vivAhanI uMmara viSe AnaMdazaMkara keTalIka spaSTatA kare che. uparokta prakAromAM 'sadyo', padamAM 'vadhU' AgaLa 'gho', vizeSaNa lagADyuM che jene AnaMdazaMkara bahu sUcaka gaNAve che, kAraNake ethI jaNAI Ave che ke te vakhate kanyAnA mAtra be ja varga na hatA. jeo samasta jIvana brahmacAriNI thaIne rahe te ane jeo sagha - tarata vivAha karI gRhasthAzramamAM joDAI jAya te. A prakAronA varNanamAMthI ja jaNAya che ke A sivAya eka trIjo varga paNa evo hato ke je 'sagha' nahi paNa keTalAka kALa pachI eTale ke vidyAgrahaNa karyA pachI vivAha kare. Ama na mAnIe to 'sadyo' vizeSaNa nakAmuM thaI jAya che. Ama ApaNe tyAM prAcIna kALamAM paNa strIomAM upanayana ane vidyAbhyAsano vidhi jovAmAM Ave che ema AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. manue noMdhyuM che ke, pUrvakALamAM kumArikAone 'maujIbaMdhana', (upanayanano aMgabhUta vidhi) vedanuM adhyApana tathA sAvitrI (gAyatrI) maMtrano vidhi hato. emAM adhyApana pitA, pitRvya athavA bhAI kare, pArako nahi ane bhikSA mAgavAnI te kanyAe potAnA gharamAM ja, atre daMDa ane jaTA dhAraNa na karavAM e pramANe hatuM. manunA A utArAmAM strIone upanayana aMge keTalAka niSedha karavAmAM AvyA che. tene AnaMdazaMkara laukika DahApaNa ane sAvacetInA bhAgarUpe gaNe che. temanA mate kanyAe atre daMDa, jaTA dhAraNa na karavAM ema sUcavyuM che tenuM kAraNa e che ke strIonA jIvananI bhAvanA puruSa karatAM bhinna - sauMdaryanI che. pUrvokta veSa kadarUpo lAgavAthI smRtikAroe eno strIone mATe niSedha karelo che. gharamAM ja bhikSA mAgavAnuM kAraNa strIonA gauravane dhyAnamAM letAM ane te sAthe puruSonI duSTatAnA kAraNathI emane apamAnano ke cAritryabhaMgano prasaMga na Ave te mATe bahAra bhikSAe javAno niSedha karavAnI jarUra paDI. temaja gharamAM ja pitA vagere pAse adhyayana karavAnA sUcananuM kAraNa paNa A ja che. paraMtu A sAthe e paNa siddha thAya che ke strIone paNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 219 ApaNe tyAM prAcIna kALamAM veda bhaNAvAtA tathA gAyatrIno upadeza thato. uparokta varNavelA keTalAka niSedha sAthe A vidhi pracalita hato. te pachInA kALamAM vivAha e ja strIone mATe upanayana che evo mata baMdhAyo che. upara jaNAvela "brahmavAdinI' no prakAra jaina ane bauddha sAdhvI ane bhikSuNInA anukaraNamAMthI utpanna thayo haze ema keTalAka mAne che. tene AnaMdazaMkara svIkArya gaNatA nathI, kAraNake temanA mate "brahmavAdinIo' gautama ane mahAvIra bhagavAnanA samaya pUrve paNa hatI e vividha pramANo dvArA siddha karI zakAya ema che. teo kahe che : pUrvokta smRtio (hArita muni ane manunA utArA) mAM spaSTa kaheluM che ke "pUrAkalpa' - mAM arthAt jUnA kALamAM e pramANe thatuM. tethI bauddha ane jaina dharmanA uddabhava pachIno e samaya che ema kahI zakAze nahi. balba, uttara kALamAM je chUTathI yAvajjIva parivrAjikA rahevAnAM mAThAM pariNAma AvyAM enI pAchaLanA hiMdu, lokamata upara prabaLa asara thaI ane prAcIna rivAjamAM parivartana thayuM." (dharmavicAra -1, pR. 535) Ama, aitihAsika dRSTie vicAra karI AnaMdazaMkara pUrvokta smRtivAkayonI aMdara paDelA ItihAsane yathArtha rIte pragaTa karI Ape che. dharmasUtra: dharmasUtromAM mukhyatve brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya vagere varSonA dharmonuM tathA vividha AzramonA dharmonuM temaja laukika vyavahAra tathA kAyadAone lagatI bAbatonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. "dharmasUtronuM bIjuM nAma "sAmayAcArika sUtro che. RSionA 'samaya' - arthAta ekamata vA siddhAMtathI je AcAro nakkI thayelA che te "samayAcAra' ane e saMbaMdhI sUtro te "sAmAcArika sUtro'. gRhyakarmo te pratyeke potapotAnA gRhamAM karavAnA karmo che, paNa dharmasUtromAM AkhA janasamAjanA paraspara vyavahAranuM nirUpaNa che. tethI paNa enuM sAmayAcArika nAma anvartha (sama + { saMgamana uparathI) che." (dharmavicAra 2- pR.74) dharmasUtromAMthI AgaLa jatAM anuNubha glokabaddha vizALa smRtio racAI che. sUtro ane mRtio vacce bheda darzAvatAM keTalAka pAzcAtya vidvAno kahe che ke sUtro te mULa te te zAkhAnA graMtho hatA ane smRtio sarva zAkhA mATe racAI che. paNa A matane AnaMdazaMkara mAnya rAkhatA nathI. prastuta viSaya aMge potAno mata vyakta karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "kharuM jotAM te zAkhAnA graMtho kahevAya che tenA mULa kartAoe to e graMtho sarvajana samAja mATe karelA, paraMtu vaMzajo ane anuyAyIomAM ja e mAnya thayA. tethI te te zAkhAnA For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana graMtho rahyA. jate dahADe te te smRtikAronA mata vizALa pradezamAM mAnya thayA ane e sarva pramANa tarIke manAvavAmAM hiMdu janasamAjanI vistaratI jatI ekatA madade AvI.'(dharmavicAra 2pR.74) 220 A rIte hiMdu samAjanI uttarottara vistaratI jatI dharmabhAvanA sarva smRtione pramANa tarIke mAnavAnA kAraNarUpa che. A sarva smRtiomAM manu, yAjJavalkya ane parAzaranI smRtio sauthI vadhAre prakhyAta che. smRtimAM varNa ane AzramanA dharma varNavelA che. temAM AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmanAM saghaLAM tattvone samAyelA jue che. cAra varNo : cAra varNa ane cAra AzramanA dharmone AnaMdazaMkara dharmasUtrono mukhya viSaya mAne che. temAM je vividha varNonA dharma che tene janasamAjanA vyavahAramAMthI AnaMdazaMkara svAbhAvika rIte ja utpanna thayelAM karmo rUpe mAne che. A karmone vyavasthita karIne tene dharmo tarIke zAstrakAroe pratipAdita karI ApyA che. 'varNa' eTale raMga, dhaMdhAno raMga evo varNa zabdano artha karI AnaMdazaMkara dhaMdhAnA raMga pramANe janasamAjanA cAra varNa paDelA che ema siddha kare che. teo noMdhe che : "dareka janasamAja jema jema jaMgalI dazAmAMthI nIkaLI sudharelI dazAmAM Avato jAya, tema tema enA dhaMdhAonA prakAramAM vadhAro thato jAya e svAbhAvika che paNa e dhaMdhAono vikAsa kevI rIte thAya tathA e paraspara saMbaMdhamAM AvI janasamAjamAM sukha ane kalyANamAM kevI rIte vRddhi kare e vicArIne, ene ghaTatA niyamo bAMdhavA e buddhimaMta ane anubhavI zAstrakAronuM kAma che. prAcIna kALamAM hiMdujanasamAjamAM utpanna thayelA badhA dhaMdhAnA mukhya cAra varga pADI, hiMdu zAstrakAroe enA cAra varNa TharAvyA che : brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ane zudra" (dharmavicAra - 2, pR. 92) dhaMdhAonI vividhatAne AdhAre hiMdu zAstrakAroe karelI A yojanAne AnaMdazaMkara vizALa arthamAM sarvadezanA ane sarvakALanA janasamAjane lAgu paDe tevI yojanA mAne che. dhaMdhAnA raMga pramANe janasamAjamAM cAra varNa zI rIte paDyA te aMgenuM nirUpaNa AnaMdazaMkare ApyuM che. (1) vidyA bhaNavI ane bhaNAvavI, dharma pALavo ane upadezavo e brAhmaNano dhaMdho thayo. jo ke janasamAja enI meLe ja satya ane dharmane mArge cAlI zakato hoya tyAM AnaMdazaMkara brAhmaNa ke anya varNanI jarUriyAta svIkAratA nathI. (2) duniyA haMmezAM dharmane mArge cAlI zakatI nathI. janasamAjamAM aneka adharmanA AcAro For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 221 jovA maLe che. temaja eka rAjaya bIjA rAjaya upara hallo karI eka bIjAnuM paDAvI levAno prayatna kare che. janasamAjanA A AMtara ane bAhya duzmanone nukasAna karatA aTakAvavA mATe tathA prajAne sukha ane kalyANane mArge caDhAvavA mATe rAjayanI AvazyakatA che. A AvazyakatAmAMthI ja AnaMdazaMkara yuddha, daMDa ane prajApAlanano kSatriyano dhaMdho utpanna thayelo mAne che. (3) uparokta baMne kAryo dravya vinA thaI zakatAM nathI. prajAnA rakSaNa mATe ane duzmano sAthe laDavA mATe temaja AkhA janasamAjanA sAmAnya sukha mATe dravyanI jarUra paDe che. A dravya utpanna karanAra varga te vaizya kahevAyA. vaizyo khetI vagere dhaMdho karIne lokahitanAM kAryo karI janasamAjanA sukhamAM vadhAro karavAnuM kAma kare che. (4) khetI, vepAra dhaMdhAmAM koI buddhi vApare to koI zArIrika zrama (majUrI) paNa kare. A zArIrika zrama karanAra varga te zUdra. A pramANe AnaMdazaMkara janasamAjamAM svAbhAvika niyamane anusarI cAra varNanI utpatti batAve che. jo ke A cAre varNanI utpatti eka pachI eka thayelI che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahevA mAgatA nathI. ApaNA zarIranA avayavonI mAphaka te ekI vakhate utpanna thaIne vikase che ema teo mAne che. samagra samAjanA hita mATe A darekanI AvazyakatAne AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. AmAMno koIpaNa varNa bAkInA varNa vagara TakI zakato nathI ane potAnuM kArya karI zakato nathI. RgyedasaMhitAnA kALamAM svAbhAvika rIte janasamAjamAM A varSo paDI gayelA haze ema e graMthanA puruSasUktane jovAthI spaSTa thAya che. puruSasUktamAM batAvyuM che ke cAra varNa je janasamAjamAM jovAmAM Ave che te eka mahApuruSa (cetana janasamAja)nAM ja avayavo che. sau maLI eka zarIra bane che. brAhmaNa enuM mukha che, kSatriya te bAhu, vaizya te Uru ane zudra te paga che. (Rgvada-10, 9, 12). uparokata sUktamAM alaMkArika vANImAM te te varNanA kAryano nirdeza karelo che. teno ayogya artha karI keTalAka varNavyavasthAnuM vartamAna jaDasvarUpa vedavihita che evuM pramANa prApta kare che. paraMtu A sUktano sAco artha jotAM, temAMthI vartamAna varNa vyavasthAne samarthana maLatuM nathI ema AnaMdazaMkaranuM pratipAdana che. koIpaNa varNane ucca ke nIca mAnI bIjA varNano tiraskAra karavAno eno upadeza nathI. AkhuM zarIra jema paga upara UbhuM rahe che tema Akho janasamAja zUdra upara TakI rahyo che ema artha karIe to paNa cAle. vastutaH sarva avayavane ekabIjAnI jarUra che temAM mukha vaDe manuSya potAnA vicAranI zabda dvArA ekabIjAne Apa-le kare che. ane vicAra to manuSyanI For Personal & Private Use Only

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222 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana uttama bakSisa che teTalA pUrato ja brAhmaNa varNane zreSTha kahevAmAM artha rahelo che ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. zAstranI paribhASAmAM potAnA A vicArane mUkatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : amuka vAkya "anuvAda' che ke "vidhi e jovuM ane vidhi hoya te ja upadeza ema samajavuM. "anuvAda' eTale anya pramANathI je siddha hoya tenuM ja pAchaLathI kathana karavuM, ane vidhi te navo upadeza. zAstranuM prAmANya anuvAdamAM nahi, paNa mAtra vidhimAM ja manAya che. prakRti thakI ja, janasamAjamAM je vibhAga paDe che teno puruSasUktamAM anuvAda che. e vibhAgano paraspara saMbaMdha samajI eka cetana janasamAjanA ja sarva avayavo che ema samajavuM te e sUktamAM rahelo upadeza-vidhi che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.93) anuvAda ane vidhino uparokta bheda na samajavAthI puruSasUktanuM tAtparya samajavAmAM bhUla thAya che jene AnaMdazaMkara pragaTa karI Ape che. A uparAMta samagra puruSasUktano pratipAdya viSaya eka akhaMDa mahApuruSa che te jotAM paNa AnaMdazaMkare tAraveluM tAtparya yathArtha che ema lAge che. brAhmaNa, upaniSada, mahAbhArata vageremAM asaMkhya dAkhalA evA che ke jemAM varNa karatAM guNane ja vizeSa mahattva ApavAmAM AvatuM. Ama, ApaNI prAcIna vyavasthAmAM jyAM sudhI, janma pramANe varNa paDyA chatAM guNane prAdhAnya apAtuM tyAM sudhI samAjavyavasthAmAM susaMvAditA jaLavAyelI jovA maLe che. paNa kALe karIne prajAmAMthI vidyAno lopa thatAM varNavyavasthAmAM jaDatA dAkhala thaI ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. vaLI, vaizyonAM aneka mahAjano baMdhAvAthI, rAjakIya asthiratAone kAraNe lokonuM sthaLAMtara thavAthI temaja temanA sArA-khoTA rivAjonA bhedathI, temaja parasparanA jhaghaDAo vagere aneka kAraNothI cAra varNonI jagyAe ApaNe tyAM dhIme dhIme aneka jJAtio paDI gayelI jovA maLe che. jo ke mULa hiMduzAstrone anusarI AnaMdazaMkara janasamAjanA mukhya cAra varNo ja mAne che. te paNa guNa ane karma pramANe ja eka mahApuruSa (janasamAja)nA ja aMgo tarIke svIkAre che. ApaNA dezamAM A vividha vargo kema udbhavyA e aMge pAzcAtya vidvAnomAM bhinna bhinna mato che. (1) eka mata evo che ke 'varNa' zabdano mULa artha raMga hoI prathama e zabda "Arya ane 'dAsa' ('dasya' anArya) e be jAtivAcaka hato, hiMdamAM pravezelA AryonI cAmaDIno raMga mULa vatanIonI cAmaDInA raMgathI eTalo badho bhinna hato ke teo vacce lagna vyavahAra aniSTa gaNAya e svAbhAvika che. e kAraNathI lagnanA pratibaMdha rUpa varNanuM je mukhya lakSaNa te astitvamAM AvyuM. Ama, A mata pramANe varNanuM baMdhAraNa mULa lohI (janma-jAti) nA bheda upara racAyeluM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 2 23 (2) bIjo mata evo che ke, hiMda temaja yuropamAM gayelA sarva Aryo lagna saMbaMdhI be jAtano pratibaMdha pALatA - eka to e ke potAnA kuTuMba (gotra)mAM na paraNavuM ane bIjo parAyAM kuTuMbamAM amuka maMDaLa (jJAti)nI aMdara ja paraNavuM. A baMne niyama pALavAmAM sagapaNanA lohI (jaja)no vicAra upasthita rahe che ane lohI zuddha rAkhavAnA hetuthI lagnanA pratibaMdha-varNanuM mukhya tattva - udbhave che. uparokta baMne matanI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke varNanA bheda aMge je lagna saMbaMdhI pratibaMdha jovAmAM Ave che teno khulAso A baMne matathI thAya che. paNa AryonI aMdara mAMhamAMhe varNanA bheda kema paDyA eno khulAso pahelA matathI thato nathI ane te bheda amuka ja cAra dhaMdhAne anusaratA kema thayA teno khulAso A bIjo mata ApI zakato nathI. Ama, A baMne matane AnaMdazaMkara asvIkArya gaNe che. A uparAMta hiMdanA Aryo pUrva tarapha gaMgA jamanAnA pradezamAM vistaryA tyAra pachI varNa vibhAga baMdhAyA ema keTalAka vidvAnonuM mAnavuM che. enI sAme bIjo eka mata evo che ke RgyedasaMhitAnA kALa pUrve ja "brahma', kSatra ane viza" evA bheda paDI cUkyA hatA. AnaMdazaMkara "guNakarmavibhAgane ja cAturvaryanA mULa kAraNa rUpe svIkAre che. pachIthI e guNakarma vibhAgamAM janmanuM tattva umerAyuM ane vaMzaparaMparAgata varNa yAne jAtio baMdhAI che. Ama, varNavyavasthA aMge pAchaLanA samayamAM je dhaMdhA, vivAha ane bhojananA je abhedya pratibaMdho jovAmAM Ave che te dhIme dhIme utpanna thaI pracalita thayelA che. e pratibaMdho mULa, vRttivibhAga ane lohI (janma)nI vizuddhi jALavavAno yatna e be tattvomAMthI udbhavelA che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. ApaNe upara joyuM ke guNakarma vibhAgane ja AnaMdazaMkara cAturvaryanuM mULa kAraNa gaNe che. eTale ke varNavyavasthA karmathI ja hovI joIe janmathI nahi ema teo mAne che. A saMdarbhamAM "varNavyavasthA janmathI ke karmathI? e nAmanA potAnA eka lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara A praznanI vizeSa carcA kare che. temAM varNavyavasthA sarvathA aniSTa che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahetA nathI. tenuM vartamAna jaDa svarUpa ja temane amAnya che. ApaNI prAcIna samAjavyavasthAmAM varNanI vyavasthAnAM ghaNAM hakArAtmaka pAsAM rahelAM che, jene AnaMdazaMkara darzAvI Ape che. A aMge teo kahe che : "anya prajAone joIe tevuM na pratIta thayeluM evuM zAstrIya satya prAcIna hiMdustAnane jaDyuM hatuM. - je satya vartamAna hiMdustAna vAstavika rIte jotAM khoI beThuM che. hiMduonI varNavyavasthA jAtibhedathI yojAyela che. emAM svataH kaMI ja aniSTa nathI, paNa arthayukta jAtibheda e ja lAbhakAraka che. arthahIna jAtibhedathI kaMI ja phAyado nathI, UlaTI hAni che." (dharmavicAra-1.pR. 387) For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana prAcIna samayanI A cAturvarNa vyavasthA vartamAna samayamAM mAtra daMbharUpa ja che. ApaNe tyAM atyAre cAlatI varNadazAthI saMtuSTa rahevAmAM AnaMdazaMkara kartavyabhaMga samaje che. e kartavyabhaMgamAM ja temane hiMdustAnanI avanatinuM kAraNa raheluM dekhAya che. arthAt varNavyavasthA guNathI hovI joIe ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. jAti uparathI guNakarmanuM nahi paNa guNakarmathI jAtinuM anumAna karavuM ene ja AnaMdazaMkara yogya gaNAve che. kevaLa dareka vyaktinI svataMtratA ane nyAya vicArIne samAja cAlavA devo hoya to varNavyavasthA na joIe, paNa janasamastanA hitanI daSTie ja vicAra karavo hoya-hitanI AgaLa nyAya ane svAtaMtryanAM tattvane namAvavAM hoya - to varNavyavasthA Avazyaka che : prajAne brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ane zUdra cAra varNanI jarUra che ane tethI koI koImAM lopa pAmI na jAya te mATe janmAnusAra varNabhedano niyama rAkhavAnI AvazyakatA che. paNa te janatAnA hita khAtara jayAM janatAnuM hita ja sacavAtuM na hoya- jema ke hAlanI nAtajAtonI sthitimAM tyAM sanAtana dharmane mATe khoTA varNabheda mATe Agraha dharAvavo e mane yogya lAgatuM nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.597) sArvavarNika dharma: varNavyavasthA aMgenA AnaMdazaMkaranA uparokta vicAromAM ApaNe joyuM ke hiMdustAnanI prAcIna varNavyavasthA janahitane samAvanArI che. janasamAja eka vRtti tarapha vaLI na jAya tathA enA judA judA bhAgo paraspara saMgharSamAM paDI janasamAjanA samasta hitane hAni na kare te mATe zAstrakAroe te te varNanA dharmo bAMdhyA. Ane varNanA vizeSa dharma tarIke AnaMdazaMkara oLakhAve che. A vizeSa dharmonI sAthe sAthe dareka manuSya manuSya tarIkenuM keTaluMka sarva sAmAnya kartavya bajAvavAnuM hoya che. tenuM dhyAna rAkhatAM zAstrakAroe te anusAra sarva varNanA keTalAka sarva- sAmAnya dharma batAvyA che. Ane sAdhAraNa athavA "sArvavarNika dharma' kahe che. sArvavarNika dharmano A rItano artha spaSTa karI AnaMdazaMkara tene samagra jana samAja mATeno upadeza kahe che. sArvavarNika dharmanA be prakAra che. eka to amuka kRtyo koIe na karavAM ema jaNAvyuM che. bIju amuka guNo AtmAmAM keLavavAnA che ema upadeza karyo che. keTalIkavAra bAhya AcArane "niyama' kahe che ane AMtara guNane "yama" kahevAmAM Ave che. keTalIkavAra nakArAtmaka dharmanuM AcaraNa te "niyama' ane bhAvAtmaka dharmanuM AcaraNa te yama" ema bheda pADavAmAM Ave che ane temAM niyama karatAM yama vadhAre Avazyaka gaNAya che. vividha smRtiomAMthI A aMgenA namUnArUpa keTalAMka udAharaNo ApI AnaMdazaMkara sArvavarNika dharmonuM svarUpa spaSTa karI Ape che. (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 103 thI 106). For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 225 * vaziSTha dharmazAstra anusAra satya, akrodha, dAna, ahiMsA ane prajotpatti ATalA sarva varNanA dharma che. yAjJavalkaya smRti anusAra ahiMsA, satya, asteya (corI na karavI), pavitratA, Indriyanigraha, dAna, dama, dayA, kSamA - e sarva varNonA dharmanAM sAdhano che. yAjJavakya smRti anusAra ahiMsA, satyavacana, brahmacarya, akalkatA (niSkapaTapaNuM) ane asteya e pAMca "yama" kahevAya che. akrodha, gurusevA, zauca (pavitratA) laghubhojana ane apramAda e pAMca 'niyama' kahevAya che. pAtaMjala yogasUtramAM ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigraha - te yama. zaurya, saMtoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya ane IzvarapraNidhAna te niyama. * IyA (prabhubhajana), adhyayana, dAna, tapa, satya, saMtoSa, kSamA, dayA e dharmano ATha prakArano mArga che. cAra Azrama : hiMdu janasamAjamAM vyaktigata temaja sAmUhika vyavahAromAM mArgadarzana mATe skRtikALamAM je zAstro racAyAM che tene AdhAre AnaMdazaMkara te samayanI dharmavyavasthAne pragaTa karI ApavAno prayatna kare che. varNavyavasthAnI jema emaNe AzramavyavasthAnuM paNa vivaraNa karyuM che. temAM AnaMdazaMkaranI dharmavyavasthA ane samAjavyavasthA vacce meLa sAdhatI samanvaya daSTi jovA maLe che. ApaNA prAcIna RSioe manuSya jIvanane cAra avasthAomAM vaheMcyuM che. A vibhAjana AzramavyavasthAne nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che. dareka manuSya potAnA jIvanamAM potAnuM hita pUrepUruM sAdhI zake e hetuthI RSioe cAra AzramanI vyavasthA rajU karI che : (1) brahmacaryAzrama (2) gRhasthAzrama (3) vAnaprasthAzrama (4) saMnyAsAzrama gRhasthAzrama bAda karatAM bAkInA Azrama zAstrakAroe vizeSa karIne potAnI ja jJAnadaSTithI upajAvyA che. A jJAnadaSTimAM manuSya potAnuM kalyANa pUrepUruM kevI rIte sAdhI zake tenI uttama yojanA rahelI che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. "Azrama" eTale visAmo ema artha karI AnaMdazaMkara tenuM tAtparya be rIte pragaTa kare che : (1) vaTemArga jema vATamAM visAmo leto leto gaMtavyavasthAne pahoMce, tema A cAra Azramone eka pachI eka sevIne manuSya potAne gaMtavya sthAne paramapade vA mokSe - pahoMce che. (2) RSio jema vanamAM Azrama' raheThANa bAMdhIne rahetA, tema sAdhAraNa manuSya A For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva darzana ane ciMtana saMsArarUpI vanamAM rahIne pavitra jIvana gALavuM hoya to gALI zake te mATe emaNe bAMdhelA A raheThANa yAne "Azrama' che. A baMne arthamAMthI jeo cAra Azrama eka pachI eka Avazyaka mAne che temanA mATe AnaMdazaMkara pahelo svIkAravAnuM sUcana kare che. jyAre cAramAMthI koIpaNa Azrama pUrepUro uttama rIte sevavAthI kArya siddha thAya che ema mAnanArAone teo bIjo artha svIkAravAnuM sUcana kare che. (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 107) (1) brahmacaryAzrama : atyaMta sAdAI ane pavitratAthI gurune ghera rahI vidyA bhaNavI e brahmacaryAzramano dharma che. brahma' evuM je vedanI vizALa ane pavitra vidyAnuM nAma che enuM jJAna meLavavuM ane enA niyamo AcaravA eTale "brahmacarya" evo brahmacaryano vizALa artha AnaMdazaMkara kare che. (2) gRhasthAzrama : vidyA bhaNI ghera AvyA pachI ghara mAMDIne rahenAre kevI rIte rahevuM e "gRhasthAzramanA niyamomAM batAveluM che. gRhasthAzrama e AhAra, nidrA ane maithuna mATe ja nathI paNa saMsAranI vacamAM rahIne saMsAranAM sukha bhogavavAM, kartavya karavAM, sadA upakAra karI, paramAtmAnA sAMnidhyamAM rahIne jIvana gALavAnuM che e mATe che. (3) vAnaprasthAzrama : saMsAranA pravRttimaya jIvanamAMthI nIkaLI vanamAM jaI paramAtmAnuM ciMtana karavuM ane zAMta nivRttimaya jIvana gALavA mATe vAnaprasthAzramanI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI che. paramAtmAnA svarUpa saMbaMdhI graMthonuM adhyayana, saMyamI jIvana, atithino satkAra, prANImAtramAM anukaMpA vagerene AnaMdazaMkara vAnaprasthAzramanA mukhya dharma gaNAve che. (4) saMnyAsAzrama : vAnaprasthAzramamAM hajI duniyA sAthe keTaloka saMbaMdha rahe che. vAnaprastha pachI saMnyAsAzramamAM saghaLAM sAMsArika karmono ane saMbaMdhono tyAga karavAmAM Ave che. saMnyAsAzramInA jIvanane anusarI tene saMnyAsI, bhikSu, parivrATa, parivrAjaka, yati temaja haMsa temaja paramahaMsa tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. mULa vAnaprastha ane saMnyAsanA Azrama judA judA nahi hoya ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. A saMdarbhamAM teo kahe che ke, pahelAM gRhasthAzramamAMthI nivRtta thaI paramAtma ciMtanamAM jIvana gALavuM eno eka ja Azrama haze paNa e Azrama sevanArA janomAM keTalAka pUrvAzrama (gRhasthAzrama)nAM karmo tarapha For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 227 DhaLatAM, to keTalAka saMsAratyAgamAM eTalA badhA vadhI jatA ke eka sthaLe rahevuM ke patnIsahavartamAna rahevuM e paNa emane pasaMda nahotuM : A kAraNathI eka ja AzramamAM be cheDAnA vargo thayA ane te svataMtra Azrama paDyA : eka vanamAM vAsa karavAno - te vAnaprasthAzrama ne sarva karma tyajI vicaryA karavAno te saMnyAsAzrama" (dharmavicAra - 2pR. 109) Ama, prAcInakALamAM ApaNA dezamAM vAnaprastha ane saMnyAsa judA judA nahIM hoya ema AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che. jo ke pAchaLanA RtikAro paikI keTalAke kalimAM vAnaprasthAzramanI spaSTa niSedha karyo che tenuM kAraNa samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "prAcIna yugamAM be Azramano eka AzramamAM ja samAveza thato hato ane pAchaLanA kALamAM dezanI rAjakIya, Arthika ane dhArmika aMdhAdhUMdhIne lIdhe kevaLa vanamAM rahIne zAMtithI jIvananirvAha karavo kaThina thaI paDyo haze. tethI patnIsahavartamAna vana sevavuM azakya jaNAyuM haze ane tethI kalimAM vAnaprasthAzramano niSedha karelo ema lAge che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.38) Ama, kalimAM vAnaprasthAzramanA niSedhanuM kAraNa AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA dezanI te vakhatanI aitihAsika paristhitinA saMdarbhamAM spaSTa karI Ape che. pUrve strIo paNa brahmavAdinI thatI arthAt brahmacaryamAM samasta jIvana gALatI tathA puruSa - saMnyAsIonI peThe brahmajJAna prApta karatI, paNa pachInA samayamAM temane mATe mAtra gRhasthAzramanuM ja vidhAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. arthAt prAcIna kALamAM saMnyAsAzramamAM strIpuruSano bheda nahoto. pUrve strIo ane puruSo Ubhayane, sarva prakAranA bhedanI pAra jaI, eka AtmArUpe rahevAnI chUTa hatI. "jIvanamuktiviveka' nAmanA graMthamAM vidyAraNya muni jaNAve che ke, saMsAra tyAgano strIone paNa adhikAra che. A uparAMta upaniSadakALamAM maitreyI, gArgI, sulabhA vagerenAM dRSTAMtothI strIomAM saMnyAsanuM samarthana maLe che. paraMtu pachIna kALamAM ApaNe tyAM strIone saMnyAsAzramano niSedha karavAmAM Avyo che. tenuM kAraNa paNa AnaMdazaMkara te pachInA vakhatanI ApaNA dezanI aitihAsika ane dhArmika sthitimAM raheluM jue che. kALa jatAM je kAraNoe vAnaprasthAzramane ucchinna karyo e ja kAraNo strIonA saMsAra tyAgamAM pratibaMdhaka thayAM. saMnyAsAzramamAM strI-puruSono svataMtra ane sarala sahavAsa eka kaThina niyamarUpa - asidhAravrata rUpa thavA mAMDyo haze. Akhare avidyAnuM prAbalya thatAM emAMthI vratabhaMga ane anAcAra udbhavavA mAMDelA, eTale zAstrakAroe yugadharma vicArI strI -puruSanA prakRtijanya bhedane mAna ApyuM. ApaNA zAstrakAroe karelI A vyavasthAne AnaMdazaMkara AvakAradAyaka gaNAve che. bauddha zAstrakAroe strIo ane puruSo mATe judA judA vihAra maThanuM vidhAna karyuM, chatAM anAcAra naSTa na thayo. tenI sarakhAmaNIe brAhmaNazAstrakAroe yugadharmano vicAra karI, prakRtijanya bhedone mAnyatA ApI strIonA saMsAra tyAgane niyaMtrita karI tene sthAne strIo For Personal & Private Use Only

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228 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana mATe saMsAramAM rahI mukti sAdhavAno je vidhi bAMdhyo tene AnaMdazaMkara eka samayAnusAra Avazyaka ane AvakAradAyaka pagaluM gaNAve che. saMnyAsAzrama e samagra samUha mATe nathI kAraNake te adhikAranuM kSetra che. eka prAcIna kALamAM ApaNe tyAM saMnyAsa brAhmaNa sivAyanA anya vargo mATe paNa hato, paraMtu samagra samAja jo adhikAra vagara saMnyAsanA mArge jAya to dezamAM kartavyapramAda ane ALasa vadhe che. ApaNA dezamAM eka kALe Avo anAcAra vadhelo jovA maLe che. tenA mATe sauthI vadhu javAbadAra AnaMdazaMkara bauddha dharmane gaNAve che. brAhmaNazAstrakAroe AvA anAcAra sAme zAstro racI mAtra brAhmaNavargane ja saMnyAsano adhikAra Apyo che. tene AnaMdazaMkara yogya samayanuM ArSadaSTivALuM pagaluM gaNAve che. saMnyAsAzramano adhikAra mAtra brAhmaNone ja che evo vidhi racIne ApaNA zAstrakAroe brAhmaNo para samAjahitanI vizeSa javAbadArI mUkI che ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. kharo saMnyAsI kevo hovo joIe te aMgenAM aneka zAstravacano TAMkI AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA zAstramAM - brAhmaNa,bauddha ane jaina traNe zAstramAM - yatinA je dharmonuM vivaraNa maLe che tenuM suMdara digdarzana karAve che. - uparokta samagra vivaraNa parathI spaSTa thAya che ke prAcIna AzramavyavasthA eka uttama jIvanavyavasthA hatI ane yuga parivartananI sAthe sAthe temAM badalAtI rahelI bhAvanA paNa jovA maLe che. A prAcIna AzramavyavasthAne AnaMdazaMkara sthagita thayelI ke nimpayogI mAnatA nathI. paNa cAreya Azramo pAchaLa rahelI sAcI bhAvanAno samayAnusAra artha karIne ene vartamAna samayamAM paNa upayogamAM lAvI zakAya tema che ema mAne che. ApaNI prAcIna varNavyavasthAnuM sAMprata mUlya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "prAcIna brahmacaryAzramamAMthI, vartamAna samayamAM bALakone kema keLavavAM ane kevA niyamo paLAvavA e saMbaMdhe bahu upayogI upadeza maLe ema che. gRhasthAzrama AjakAla pAzavajIvana jevo thaI rahyo che tene badale emAM parArthatA ane dhArmikatA lAvavA mATe prAcIna gRhasthAzrama namUnArUpa che. AjakAla strI-puruSa emanuM samasta jIvana viSayopabhogamAM ane dravyopArjananI ciMtAmAM vyatita kare che. ethI lagnanI ane jIvananI bhAvanAne hAni pahoMce che. lagnano parama udeza siddha thato nathI, jIvanano parama udeza siddha thato nathI- ane pazunA jevuM jIvana maraNa paryanta vahyuM jAya che, e doSa dUra karI strI -puruSanA saMbaMdhanuM ane te sAthe manuSya jIvananuM parama prayojana siddha karavAno mArga te vAnaprasthAzrama che ane enI parAkASThA saMnyAsAzramamAM prApta thAya che. e sarva Azramane, kAMIka kAMIka bAhya pheraphAra sAthe, hAlanA samayamAM pharI UbhA karavA azakya nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.42) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 229 cAra puruSArtha varNavyavasthA, AzramavyavasthA ane puruSArthavyavasthA e traNene AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA prAcIna RSimuniono jIvananA uddeza saMbaMdhI mahattvano AviSkAra gaNAve che. ApaNI prAcIna varNavyavasthAmAM pachIthI je jaDatA AvelI che tene kAraNe keTalAka tene AdarathI jotA nathI. jo ke temAM AvelI zaithilyanI sthiti mATe AnaMdazaMkara prAcIna RSimunionI ArSadaSTine doSita gaNatA nathI. varNavyavasthA e manuSya zaktinI naisargika vividhatAne saphaLa rIte vyavasthita karavAno yatna mAtra hato. vizvanA bIjA keTalAka ciMtakoe (pleTo, erisToTala) paNa AvI varNavyavasthAnI kalpanAo karI che. paraMtu AnI sarakhAmaNIe puruSArthavyavasthA ane AzramavyavasthAne AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA RSimunionI AgavI buddhi pratibhAmAMthI janmelI mAne che. vizvanA bIjA koI ciMtanamAM AvI vyavasthA vicAravAmAM AvI nathI. ApaNA RSimunionuM puruSArtha aMgenuM ciMtana ghaNuM advitIya che. ApaNA prAcIna RSimunioe cAra puruSArtho nakkI karyA che : (1) dharma (2) artha (3) kAma (4) mokSa manuSyanI vividha pravRttio tapAsIne hiMdu dharmazAstrakAroe emAMthI cAra udezo zodhI kADhyA che, jene puruSArtha kahevAya che. "puruSArtha eTale puruSe arthAt manuSya prApta karavAnI vastuo. pahelAM dharma ane mokSane ekaThA gaNI traNa ja puruSArtha gaNAvavAmAM AvatA. tenuM kAraNa ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, janasamAjano moTo bhAga gRhasthAzramIono hoya che ane tethI tenA mukhya puruSArtha dharma, artha ane kAma e traNene anusarIne tene "trivarga" kahevAmAM AvatA. dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSa e cAreya puruSArthone AnaMdazaMkara ekabIjAthI chUTA pADI samajavAno InkAra kare che. te cAreyano paraspara saMbaMdha spaSTa karI te sarvanI yogya saMghaTanA karavA para teo vizeSa bhAra mUke che. "ApaNo dharma'mAM "puruSArtha nAmanA lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkare cAre puruSArthono samanvayAtmaka vicAra karyo che. (1) dharma dharma eTale zAstranI amuka kArya karavAnI AjJA, AnaMdazaMkara dharmane parama prayojana gaNAve che. kAraNake, te pradhAna uddeza hoI jIvanamAM agrasthAne che. paraMtu e uddeza paNa "artha eTale ke dravya ane karma eTale ke sukha baMnenA yogya saMpAdana vinA siddha thavo zakaya nathI. Aja rIte "dharma-zabdanA arthamAM nIti ane nItinuM adhiSThAna (sAMkaDA arthamAM) dharma yAne IzvaraniSThA e baMneno samAveza thAya che. tethI jema sAmAnya rIte 'artha ane kAmathI vihIna For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana kharI IzvaraniSThA azakya che, tema 'artha' ane 'kAma' vinA nItine paNa AnaMdazaMkara azakya gaNAve che. (2) artha 'artha' eTale dravya, paiso, je duniyAnA sukhanuM eka sAdhana che ane jene meLavavA manuSyo puSkaLa pravRtti karyA kare che. 'artha' ne 'dharma' ane 'kAma' thI vikhUTo pADatAM zAM pariNAma Ave che e paNa AnaMdazaMkara vicAre che. 'artha' ne dharma ane kAmathI chUTo pADatAM mANasa arthano dAsa banIne sonAnA ukaraDA vadhAre e AnaMdazaMkarane mana manuSya janmano hetu nathI. dharma ane kAmavihoNuM dhana jagatane mATe aniSTakArI che. sAMprata samayamAM sAmAnya prajAmAM dhananI tRSNA vadhatI hoya ema lAge che tene AnaMdazaMkara anarthakArI gaNe che. tethI ja dharmarUpI amRta mULamAM reDAtuM raheze to ja dhananI vela paNa phAlaze ane enAM phaLa manuSya khAI zake evAM thaze. Ama, dharmasahita arthane ja AnaMdazaMkara sevavA yogya gaNe che. 'artha' no dharma sAthe saMbaMdha jema jarUrano che tema 'kAma' sAthe paNa jarUrano che. kAraNake 'artha' sAthe kAmanI IcchA - sukhanI IcchA joDAtI nathI to kaMjUsapaNuM utpanna thAya che. vaLI, janasamAja samagrane laIne vicAra karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "sukhanI IcchA vinA janasamAja dhanika thato nathI, kAraNake sukhanI icchA e dhananA saMvibhAgamAM temaja utpAdanamAM prabaLa hetu che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 46) (3) kAma 230 'kAma' eTale IcchA, sukhanI IcchA, viSaya sukhanI IcchA athavA to kAmanAno arthAt IcchAno viSaya. manuSyanI sarva kAmanAno viSaya te sukhano upabhoga che. manuSya dharma Acare che emAM paNa paraloka uparAMta A lokamAM paNa sukhI thavAnI IcchA spaSTapaNe rahelI che. jo ke ahIM AnaMdazaMkara uDAupaNAne ke ezaArAmanA jIvananuM pratipAdana karatA nathI. teo 'kAma'no dharma ane artha sAthe samanvaya karI Ape che. 'kAma' eTale sukhanI IcchA sAthe haMmezAM 'dharma' ane 'artha' joDavA. dharmathI viyukta sukhanI IcchAne AnaMdazaMkara puruSArtha mAnavAno sadaMtara niSedha kare che. kAraNake evI sukhanI IcchA vyaktinA jIvanamAM pravartaka hotI nathI. eTaluM ja nahi paNa dharmane vAste ghaNA manuSyoe prANa sudhdhAM ApyA che. dharmanuM zaithilya ane sukhanI lAlasAne AnaMdazaMkara dareka prajAnI paDatInA aitihAsika kAraNa tarIke svIkAre che. to, bIjI bAju enAthI taddana UlaTI sthiti jaMgalI prajAmAM hovAnuM jaNAve che. mATe teo sukhanI lAlasAne yogya aMzamAM anumode che. jo ke aMtima dRSTie teo dharmane ja sarvocca gaNAve che. teo kahe che : "dharma ane sukha e be sthiti vacce pasaMdagI karavAnI hoya to dharma rahIne sukha nAza pAme e sAruM, paNa sukha rahIne dharma jAya e khoTuM." (dharmavicAra-1 pR.47) For Personal & Private Use Only www.jalnelibrary.org

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 231 jema dharmarahita kAma hAnikAraka che tema "artha rahita kAmane paNa AnaMdazaMkara hAnikAraka gaNAve che. "artha" ane "kAma" no samanvaya karatAM teo kahe che : jIvanamAM "kAma" yAne sukha prApta karavuM hoya to "artha'nA yogakSemanA eTale ke paiso bacAvavAnA ane kamAvavAnA mArgo yojo, karakasara karo, kAraNake karakasara e moTo ane Avazyaka guNa che, paNa dravyotpAdana upara mukhya lakSa rAkhavuM, kAraNake dravyotpAdana e vadhAre moTo ane tejasvI guNa che." (dharmavicAra 1- pR.48). jema "artha vinA nIti azakya che tema "kAma"(vyavahArika sukhanI IcchA) vinA paNa nIti azakya che. ApaNA RSimunionI A aMgenI sUkSma dRSTine samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : nIti kevaLa vyavahArika sukha arthe ja che - pachI te vyaktinuM ho ke janasamAjanuM ho - evI adhama aihikatA ApaNA pUrvajoe nItinA prayojaka hetumAM jo ke svIkArI nathI. chatAM teonuM sAmAnya manuSya svabhAvanuM jJAna eTaluM UMDuM hatuM ke sukhanI IcchA manuSyano kevo pravartaka hetu che te teo bhUlyA nahotA. janasaMskRtimAM sukhanI IcchA kevI prabaLa zakti nIvaDI che e dhyAnamAM rAkhavAthI "karma'no puruSArtharUpe svIkAra yogya jaNAze." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.44-45). A rIte, AnaMdazaMkare manuSya jIvananA traNa uddeza rUpe dharma - artha ane kAmano subhaga samanvaya karyo che. jo ke artha ane kAma e puruSArtha to vadhate oche aMze prANI mAtramAM che, paraMtu manuSyatva to dharmamAM ja raheluM che. ane tethI AnaMdazaMkara dharmane sarva puruSArthamAM agrasthAne mUke che. "dharma e uttarAvasthAmAM navo AraMbhavAno puruSArtha nathI enuM sevana pUrvAvasthAmAM ja thavuM joIe. e thayuM haze to ja uttarAvasthA khAlI khAlI ane kAryazUnya nahi lAge." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.49) (3) mokSa mokSa eTale baMdhanamAMthI chUTavuM te. ajJAna, du:kha, pApa e saMsAranAM baMdhana che ane emAMthI chUTavuM te mokSa, mokSa sarva puruSArthomAM zreSTha che. jema jema vicAra vikasato gayo tema mokSanA svarUpa pramANe enA pAMca bheda kahyA che : (1) sAlokya : paramAtmAnA lokane pAmavuM. (2) sArUpya : enA jevA rUpanA thavuM. (3) sArya : enI samAna zakti vA guNavALA thavuM. (4) sAyujya : enI joDe maLI javuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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232 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (5) kaivalya : sarva upAdhithI ane prakRtinA saMsargathI mukta thaI sva-svarUpamAM vIramavuM te. A mokSarUpI mahApuruSArtha prathama dharmamAM aMtabhUta hato. jema jema darzanazAstrano vikAsa thato gayo ema dharmabhAvanA vadhAre ucca ane sUkSma banatI gaI tema tema te dharmamAMthI bahAra nIkaLyo. mokSane AnaMdazaMkara dharma sAthe AMtara ane jIvaMta saMbaMdhathI joDAyelo puruSArtha mAne che. temanA mate mokSa e dharmanA aMtaramAM rahI bahAra vikasato puruSArtha che, dharmano niSedhaka evo puruSArtha nathI. mokSanI aMtima avasthAnA kharA adhikArI bahu thoDA hoya che. AnaMdazaMkaranA uparokta vivaraNamAM ApaNane dharma, artha ane kAma e trivarga puruSArthamAM dharmanuM sthAna zuM che te jANavA maLe che. anya be puruSArtha karatAM dharmanI vizeSatA temane mana e che ke uttarAvasthAmAM jyAre e be puruSArtha gauNatAne yogya thAya che tyAre dharma AgaLa paDI savizeSa Adarane pAtra thAya che. A uttarAvasthAnA dharmane AnaMdazaMkara pUrvAvasthAnA dharmathI alaga gaNatA nathI, paNa pUrvAvasthAnA dharmane ja uttarAvasthAmAM paripakvatAnI sthitie pahoMcelo mAne che. pUrvAvasthAmAM dharma jyAre "artha" ane "kAma" sAthe joDAyelo hoya che te vakhate enuM svarUpa kevuM hoya che ane te bIjA be puruSArtha sAthe kevo saMbaMdha dharAve che e viSeno vicAra AnaMdazaMkara "vyavahAra ane paramArtha nAmanA lekhamAM kare che. A lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara vyavahAra jagatane dharmanI zikSaNazALA gaNAvI vyavahAra ane paramArtha vacce samanvaya sAdhavAno prayAsa kare che. dharmanI oLakha jeTalI rojabarojanA vyavahAramAM thAya che teTalI nadI kinAre ke parvatanI guphAmAM besavAthI thatI nathI. dharma e manuSyanA unnata svabhAvanI pedAza che. dharma e zAstromAM pUrI rAkhavAnI ke maMdiromAM pUrI rAkhavAnI bAbata nathI, paraMtu rojiMdA vyavahAramAM AcaraNanI bAbata che. ApaNI AsapAsanI duniyAmAM paramArthanI sarakhAmaNIe vyavahArane vadhAre prAdhAnya maLeluM jovAmAM Ave che tenuM kAraNa AnaMdazaMkara dharmano anya puruSArtha sAtheno saMbaMdha na samajavAmAM raheluM jaNAve che. artha ane kAmanA samaya uparAMta dharma mATe koI alaga samaya nathI, AthI AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che : "artha ane kAmano samaya te ja dharmano : mAtra dharmanA antaHpravezathI artha ane kAma saprayojana ane pavitra bane che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.52) Ama, anya puruSArtha sAthe dharmano anta:praveza e ja kharo paramArtha che. anya puruSArtha sAthenA dharmanA mAtra bAhya sahacArane AnaMdazaMkara nirarthaka daMbha gaNAve che. dharmano vyavahAramAM eTale ke artha ane kAmamAM antaHpraveza rojabarojanA vyavahAranAM kAmamAM Avavo joIe. artha ane kAmathI dUra rahevAthI dharma AvaDato nathI. e ja arthamAM AnaMdazaMkara vyavahArane dharmanI pAThazALA gaNAve che. prApta thayelA jJAnane vyavahAranI kasoTIe caDhAvavAthI e siddha ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 233 saMskArI bane che ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. Ama, dharma e duniyAnA saghaLA vyavahArano - arthano ane kAmano aMtaryAmI thavo ghaTe che, eTale ke artha ane kAmano te dAsa nathI paNa artha ane kAma upara amala bhogavI artha ane kAmane potAnA kAryamAM prere che. dharmanuM A jIvaMta aMtaryAmItva je jANe che te ja vyavahAra ane paramArthano sumeLa sAdhI zake che. karma ane punarjanmaH manuSyanA svabhAvamAM jovA maLatuM anekavidha vaicitrya zA kAraNe che? tevo prazna karI AnaMdazaMkara temAMthI karma ane punarjanma aMgenA potAnA vicAro prakaTa kare che. saMsAranuM A vaiciya ane emAM jovA maLatI viSamatAnI sthiti paramAtmAnA paramanyAyI ane dayAsAgara svarUpa sAthe susaMgata nathI. manuSyanI kasoTI karavA, tene azuddhamAMthI zuddha banAvavA Izvare A vaicitrya racyuM che evo khristI dharmazAstrano mata che, jene AnaMdazaMkara mAnya rAkhatA nathI. e kasoTImAMthI pAra UtaravAnuM saunuM sAmarthya paNa sarakhuM dekhAtuM nathI. A vaicitrya Izvare utpanna karyuM ema nahi paNa enI meLe akasmAte utpanna thayeluM che evI kalpanAne AnaMdazaMkara manuSya buddhimAM vyApelA kAryakaraNanA siddhAMtanA svIkAranI viruddha gaNAve che. temanI daSTie A praznano kharo khulAso hiMdu dharmazAstra anusAra ja ApI zakAya che. te anusAra manuSyanA jIvanamAM jovA maLatI vaicitryatAnuM bIja tenAM potAnAM ja karmomAM che. arthAt karma e ja saMsAranA saghaLA bhedanuM kAraNa che. upaniSadomAMthI A aMgenAM vividha udAharaNo ApI AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmanA karmanA mahAniyama vaDe saMsAranA vaiSamyano khulAso kare che. | '' dhAtu uparathI "karma' zabdano artha "kareluM jJAna" evo karI AnaMdazaMkara tenuM tAtparya samajAve che. karmano artha akAraNa ane AMdhaLI bhAgyarekhA evo thato nathI. e siddhAMtano uddeza mANasane nItinI javAbadArImAMthI mukta karavAno nathI UlaTAnuM A mahAniyamanuM tAtparya mANasanI javAbadArI majabUta karavAnuM tathA tene udyogamAM preravAnuM che. arthAta, manuSya potAnuM je kaMI zreya karavAnuM che te karmanA siddhAMtamAM prakaTa thatA kAryakAraNabhAvanA mahAniyamane anusarIne karavAnuM che. ane e niyamane anusarIne e zreya karavAnuM manuSyane pUrNa sAmarthya che ema zAstranuM tAtparya che. punarjanma : karma sAthe punarjanmano siddhAMta joDAyelo che. kAraNake punarjanma na svIkArIe to kRtahAni" ane "akRtAbhyAgama' no prasaMga Ave. arthAt atyAre karelA karma niSphaLa jAya, ane vagara karma karyuM akasmAte A vartamAna sthiti prApta thaI che ema mAnavuM paDe. A muzkelIthI For Personal & Private Use Only

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234 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana bacavA hiMduzAstrakAroe atyAranA karmane phaLavA mATe bhaviSyano janma ane vartamAna sthitino khulAso karavA mATe bhUtakALamAM janma mAnavAno vidhi karelo che jene AnaMdazaMkara yathArtha gaNAve che. jo ke zAstronI punarjanmanI AvI vyavasthAmAM anavasthAno doSa Ave che ema keTalAka vAMdho uThAve che. teno uttara ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "paraMparA anAdi hoI eno cheDo na ja Avavo joIe. e janma paraMparA amuka kALe utpanna thaI ema mAnatAM prazna Ubho thAya che ke amuka ja kALe e kema utpanna thaI ane te pahelAMno kALa khAlI-zUnya-kema paDI rahyo ? amuka kALathI eno AraMbha mAnatAM prathama janma Akasmika Thare-je kAryakAraNanA mahAsiddhAMtathI UlaTuM che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.117) arthAt janma paraMparAmAM je anavasthA dekhADavAmAM Ave che te tyajavA yogya dUSaNa nathI, paraMtu Avazyaka bhUSaNa che. karma - punarjanmanA siddhAMtane AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmanA sarvamAnya siddhAMtomAMno eka gaNAve che. teo kahe che : "A siddhAMta hiMdudharmamAM evo sarvamAnya thayo che ke jaina ane bauddha paMthoe vaidika (brAhmaNa) dharmanA bIjA ghaNA siddhAMto choDI dIdhA, paraMtu teo A siddhAMtane vaLagI rahyA." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.118) rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArataH paMcamahAyajJa, saMskAra, cAra varNa ane AzramanI vyavasthA, karma ane punarjanmano siddhAMta ane cAra puruSArthanI yojanA A pAMcane AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmanA paMcaprANa gaNAve che. hiMdustAnanA dhArmika jIvanano sAMskRtika ItihAsa jovo hoya to AnaMdazaMkara rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata vAMcavAnI bhalAmaNa kare che. kAraNake e baMne mahAkAvyomAM ApaNane te vakhatanA hiMdustAnanI sAMskRtika jhalaka jovA maLe che. rAmAyaNa gRhadharma ane rAjadharmano upadeza ApanAra uttama mahAkAvya che. gharamAM sau kuTuMbIone paraspara kevA snehathI vartavuM joIe e rAmAyaNanA aneka udAharaNomAMthI jANavA maLe che. rAmanI pitRbhakti ane rAjadharma, emanAM kartavyaniSThA ane ekapatnIvratanI samAjajIvana para paDelI asarane AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmanA ItihAsamAM cirasthAyI gaNAve che. mahAbhAratamAM gharasaMsAranI kALI ane UjaLI baMne bAjunuM nirUpaNa jovA maLe che. dareka manuSyamAM guNa ane doSa kevA bhaLelA hoya che ane tethI manuSya svabhAvanA kevA kevA namUnAo bane che e mahAbhAratamAM bahu rasika ane abhuta rIte batAvyuM che. to dharmastato gaya: "jyAM dharma tyAM ja jaya' ene AnaMdazaMkara samagra graMthano mukhya sAra mAne che. mahAbhAratamAM dharma saMbaMdhI eTaluM badhuM jJAna bharyuM che ke mAtra mahAbhArata vAMcavAthI ja samagra hiMdudharmanuM svarUpa samajAI jAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 235 atyAre je rUpamAM mahAbhArata jovA maLe che tevuM te mULathI na hatuM. mahAbhAratamAM ja kahyuM che ke, mULa mahAbhArata vyAse emanA ziSya vaizaMpAyana vagerene kaheluM te vaizaMpAyane janamejayane kahyuM ane te sIti (sUtaputra) zaunakAdi munione kahI saMbhaLAve che : have AvaDuM pustaka eka jaNa jevuM sAMbhaLe tevuM ja bIjAne saMbhaLAve e azakya che ema anumAna karI AnaMdazaMkara mahAbhAratanA traNa svarUpa svIkAre che. paheluM vyAsanuM bhArata, bIjuM vaizaMpAyananuM bhArata ane trIjuM sautinuM bhArata. A traNa AvRtti uparAMta A paddhatine ja anusarIne AnaMdazaMkara saMjaye kareluM yuddhanuM varNana ane "sauti zaunakAdikane kahe che ema jaNAvanAra graMthakAranI kRti evAM be svarUpa mahAbhAratamAM umere che. Ama badhI maLIne kula pAMca kRtio AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. mahAbhAratamAM je dhArmika sthitinuM varNana che te jotAM mahAbhAratano samaya I.sa. pUrve ochAmAM ochA traNeka zataka jUno hovAno saMbhava che. joke emAM rajU thayelo dharma to e karatAM paNa ghaNo jUno sUtragraMthonI pahelAMno che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. aneka zatakanAM ane aneka matinAM A pustako hovA chatAM AnaMdazaMkara emAM koIka adbhuta AMtara ekatA sacavAI rahelI jue che. yato dharmastato gaya: e vAkayanuM mahAbhAratamAM aneka vakhata uccAraNa che e jotAM mAtra yuddhano jaya varNavavAnuM ja nahi paNa te sAthe dharmano jaya batAvI nItino upadeza karavAnuM mULathI ja tAtparya haze ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. prathama bharatakuLano ItihAsa - "jaya' pachI bIjI kathAo maLIne "bhArata' ane pachI dhArmika upadezo maLIne "mahAbhArata" evA parasparathI svataMtra kramika vikAsane AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. A saghaLAM tattvo maLIne thayelI eka nAnI kRti kALakrame eka bIjamAMthI vRkSanI peThe vikasI ane vistarI hovAnuM AnaMdazaMkara jaNAve che. teo kahe che : "mahAbhAratamAM mULa kathA, AnuSaMgika kathA vistAra, Arya-draviDa saMskRtinA AcAravicAra, ane sarvanA kaLazarUpa manuSyanA parama-dharmanuM nirUpaNa e tattvo ApaNe pRthapha pRthapha pADIne joI zakIe chIe. A sarva tattvo mULathI ja bhinna bhinna hatAM ane kALakrame eka pachI eka umerAtAM gayAM e vartamAna vidvAnonI kalpanA sarvathA kharI nathI." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 474) mahAbhAratamAM rahelA kathA ane upadezanA mizraNane AdhAre tene zAstra - kAvya kahevAmAM Ave che. e upadeza rUpe samasta yuganA jJAnane ArSadaSTivALA vyAsavaizaMpAyanAdi thoDAka mahApuruSoe buddhi pura:sara mahAbhAratamAM ekatrita karyuM che. "emAM zAMtarasa pradhAna che ane mokSarUpI puruSArthanuM pratipAdana karavAno udeza che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.126) For Personal & Private Use Only

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236 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana mahAbhAratano upadeza: zrI mahAbhAratanuM upadeza rahasya' evA lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara mahAbhAratano mukhya upadeza tArave che. vidvAno mahAbhAratane amUlya ratnonI khANa ke AkhyAnorUpI vRkSothI bhareluM jaMgala ke upadeza ratnonuM saMgrahasthAna che tema kahe che. temAM parama gaMbhIra upadeza paNa samAyelo che, jene AnaMdazaMkara phuTa karI Ape che. (1) yatra: MAtato dharma yato dharmastato gaya: ! "jyAM kRSNa tyAM dharma, jyAM dharma tyAM jaya' - A zlokane AnaMdazaMkara mahAbhAratamAMthI nIkaLato sAmAnya upadeza gaNe che. teo kahe che : "saMsAramAM paramAtmAno avatAra che ema samajI, paramAtmAne oLakhI enI sahAyatA pAmavI ane enA sArathIpaNAthI cAlatA A jIvanarUpI rathamAM ArUDha thaI AsurI saMpata sAme laDavuM, e dharma - ane jyAM A prakArano dharma tyAM ja jaya" (dharmavicAra-1, pR.442) mahAbhAratanA A upadezamAMthI AnaMdazaMkara avatAra bhaktinuM rahasya pragaTa karI Ape che. paramAtmAno avatAra te paramAtmAnuM potAnuM ja A jagatanA anugrahArthe thatuM prAkaTya che. e jagatamAM jema pragaTa thAya che tema ApaNA sarvanA aMtaramAM niphaTa paNa rahelo che. e prAkaTya "asatamAMthI "satamAM javA 'tama' mAMthI "jyotimAM javA, jIvAtmAne temaja jagata baMnene Avazyaka che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. A prAkaTya dharmaglAninA samayamAM vizeSa dRSTigocara thAya che. dhRtarASTranA pAtra dvArA mahAbhAratakAre sUcavelA bodhane AnaMdazaMkara mahAbhAratano bIjo mukhya upadeza kahe che. dhRtarASTra yojelI AtmavaMcanA patanano mArga che. viTTameva paraM maLe pauruSe vArthanarthama" arthAta- nasIba e ja moTI vAta che, puruSArtha nakAmo che. - AvA tAtparyavALA zabdo mahAbhAratakAre dhRtarASTranA moDhe vAraMvAra bolAvyA che. tenAthI te dhRtarASTranI nirbaLatA chatI kare che. AmAMthI vartamAna kALe ApaNI prajAe bahubodha levAno che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahe che. teo noMdhe che : "ApaNI vartamAna durdazA mATe vizuddha puruSArthane avagaNI, bhAgyano doSa kADhavo e aMdha dhRtarASTranI rIti che, pratipakSImAM chaLa Adi doSanI miththA saMbhAvanA na karatAM tathA bhAgyano doSa na kADhatAM, manuSya potAnI javAbadArI svIkArI ane (yato dharmastato gaya:) e samajaNathI prajAnA astodaya jovA e divya netra pAmelA saMjayanI dRSTi che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 445) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 237 mahAbhAratanA pradhAna rasa lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara vividha saMdarbho ApI mahAbhAratano pradhAnarasa karuNarasa che ema siddha kare che. mahAbhAratamAM yuddhanI kathA che tethI teno mukhya rasa vIrarasa' che ema sAdI rIte mAnIe to paNa e vIrarasa sAthe bhavya karuNarasa bhaLelo che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. mAmA: nA snehapAzamAM paDelo dhRtarASTra pratyeka prasaMge "dvimeva paraM maLe' 'riNameva para maLe' evo je nirbaLatAno udgAra kADhe che tene AnaMdazaMkara dhRtarASTranA jIvananI Tragedy - karuNakathA gaNAve che. bhIkha ane droNa "marthasya puruSo sAro sarvArtho na vasyavat - arthAta "mANasa paisAno gulAma che, paiso koIno gulAma nathI" evo je ugAra kare che temAM AnaMdazaMkara bhIkha ane droNanA jIvananI karuNatA jue che. duryodhanamAM rahelA durguNo AkhA kuLanA kSayanuM kAraNa bane che. duryodhananI 'kulAMgAra' tarIkenI bhUmikA tenA jIvananI karuNatA che. svargArohaNa parva pahelA mahAbhArata samApta thaI jAya che ane te parva te pAchaLano umero che ema mAnIe to mahAbhAratanI karuNatA spaSTa ja che. paNa e parvane mahAbhAratanuM ucita aMtima aMga mAnIe to paNa e parva kathAnI karuNatA ghaTADatuM nathI balka vadhAre che. Ama, karuNarasa vaDe jIvananI asAratAnuM sUcana karI nirveda (vairAgya) upajAvI, zAMtarasa (jeno sthAyIbhAva nirveda che) prakaTa kare che. yudhiSThiranuM asatyakathana: mahAbhAratamAM yudhiSThiranuM asatyakathana e prasaMga viSe ghaNo matabheda che. tethI mahAbhAratanA upadeza rahasyanA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara eno vicAra kare che. temAM AnaMdazaMkaranI eka uttama bhASyakAra tarIkenI pratibhA pragaTa thatI jovA maLe che. dharmarAja yudhiSThiranuM asatyakathana emanA jIvanamAM dUSaNarUpa manAya che je yogya ja che. paNa A aMgeno sUkSmavicAra na karavAne kAraNe dharmarAja ane mahAbhAratakArane kaMIka anyAya thato hoya tema AnaMdazaMkarane lAge che. sAmAnya vAcaka ke zrotA A prasaMga uparathI yudhiSThiranAM navvANuM satya jovAne badale sonuM asatya ja dhyAnamAM le che. mahAbhAratakArane jagatanA UMDA satyanuM vizALa jJAna hatuM ane tethI kharA kavine zobhe tema e satyane pUrNa svarUpamAM darzAvavA emaNe prayatna karyo che. mahAbhAratakAranA kavikarmane samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "jagatanAM satyo sAdAM nathI, ghaNAM gUMcavaNabharelAM che. e gUMco ukelavAnuM kAma kavinuM nathI, paNa enA upara prakAza nAkhI enuM svarUpa jevuM hoya tevuM vAcaka AgaLa mUkavAnuM kAma to enuM che ja." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 160) For Personal & Private Use Only

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238 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana A kavikarmane anusarI AnaMdazaMkara mahAbhAratakAre dharmarAjayanA asatyakathananI yojanA zA mATe karI tenuM tAtparya samajAve che. te nIce pramANe che : (1) A prasaMgathI eka satya e prakaTa thAya che ke kartavyanA nirNaya sahelA nathI. kartavyanI pasaMdagI haMmezAM sArA ane khoTA vacce ja karavAnI nathI. keTalIkavAra saguNa vacce paNa virodha AvI paDe che. eka tarapha satya bolavAnI pharaja, bIjI tarapha potAne vizvAsathI vaLagelA baMdhuo, svajano, mitrono jIva bacAvavAnI pharaja. A be paraspara virodhI pharajo vacce nirNaya sahelo nathI. jo yudhiSThire potAnI senAno saMhAra thavA daI potAnuM satya sAcavyuM hota to emAM "Selfishness of virtue' athavA to 'Spiritual Pride' pragaTa thayuM hota ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. mahAbhAratakAre ahIM nItinA AcaraNanI eka Psychological bAjune lakSamAM rAkhI che. kartavyonA anuSThAnamAM buddhi ane lAgaNI vacce virodha Ave che tyAre ghaNuM karIne lAgaNIne ja anusaravAmAM Ave che. ahI yudhiSThira paNa satyanA bhoge lAgaNIne mAna Ape che. (3) jo ke A prasaMge hRdayanI ucca lAgaNIonI sAthe sAthe vijayanI svArthI abhilASA paNa yudhiSThiranA manamAM bhaLelI hatI ane tethI ucca lAgaNIne bahAne A asatya kathanano bacAva karavAno mahAbhAratakAre yatna karyo nathI. jo ke yudhiSThiranuM mULa prerakabaLa to dayAnI lAgaNInuM ja hatuM, paNa A prasaMge ghaNIvAra bane che tema mizra baLathI chevaTanuM pagaluM bharAyuM. (4) saMsAranI adabhuta ghaTanAmAM prabhue dharma vaDe adharmano parAbhava thAya evI yojanAnI sAthe sAthe adharma vaDe adharmano parAbhava thAya evI paNa yojanA vicArI che. A vicitra ghaTanAne prabhunA nirdoSa svarUpa sAthe zI rIte ghaTAvavI eno khulAso AnaMdazaMkara dharma ane tattvajJAnanA kSetrano gaNe che. kavine mAthe enI javAbadArI nathI. kavinuM kAma to potAnI pratibhAnA baLe jagatanuM abhutapaNuM pragaTa karavAnuM ja che. "A jagatanA vyavahAramAM manuSya je lAlaco anubhave che e Izvare ja sarjelI che. e lAlaconA viSayo Izvare ja sajaryA che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa e viSayo manuSyanA mana upara asara kare evuM viSayanuM svarUpa ane manuSyanA mananuM baMdhAraNa ghaDyuM che e paNa IzvaranI ja kRti che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.162) Ama sadoSa jagata racIne paNa paramAtmA nirdoSa ja rahe che. (5) mahAbhAratakAra kartavyanI muzkelI, lAlacanuM svarUpa tathA emAM paramAtmAnI adbhuta For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 239 racanA batAvIne aTakyA nathI. paraMtu game tevA ucca udezathI paNa asatyanuM pariNAma aniSTakArI ja hoya che te paNa batAvyuM che. yudhiSThirano te ja kSaNe prabhAva naSTa thaI gayo tema kahI ane aMtamAM svargArohaNa parvamAM paNa kavi yudhiSThirane narakamAM pherave che. AvI sthitine AnaMdazaMkara manuSyanA naitika jIvananI (Moral life) eka karuNatA gaNAve che. Aja karuNatA mANasane manuSyatvanuM bhAna karAve che. (6) A prasaMgathI mahAbhAratakAra manuSyanA jIvanamAM prApta thato "Moral Paradox' "naitika viSayanI virodhagarbha sthitinuM paNa nirUpaNa kare che. rAjadharmane aMge AvuM dharmasaMkaTa anivArya che ema vyAsajI batAvavA mAge che. ahIM bhIma ane yudhiSThirane mukhe kavie asatya bolAvarAvyuM che. arjuna pAse nahi. temAM paNa AnaMdazaMkara UMDu satya paDeluM jue che. bhIma vRttinA vegane jaladI tAbe thaI jAya e svAbhAvika che. yudhiSThira dharmano (Law) avatAra che. pagale pagale kAryAkAryano vicAra karIne cAlanAra che, paNa ene A dharmabuddhi sivAya vadhAre UMcuM avalaMbana nathI ane tethI e Akhare dharmamAMthI zruta thAya che. arjuna paramAtmAnA sakhA che, bhakta che, enI bhAvanA dharma (Law)nI nathI, prema (Love)nI che. AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "jema rAtadivasa potAnuM Arogya sAcavavAno buddhipUrvaka yatna karanAra manuSya bhAgye ja potAnuM Arogya sAcavI zake che, tema rAtadivasa nIti jALavavAnI ciMtA rAkhanAra manuSya bhAgye ja nItinuM barAbara saMrakSaNa karI zake che. arjune nItinI darakAra karI nathI, paNa vIratva keLavyuM che ane prabhu sAthe prema bAMdhyo che. e A kSaNe yudhiSThiranA "adharma-bhItva' karatAM paNa ene vadhAre kAma Ave che. manuSya manuSyatva keLavatAM jevuM devatva prApta kare che, tevuM buddhipUrvaka devatva keLavavA jatAM te prApta karI zakato nathI : balba eno pAta thAya che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.164). potAnA uparokta lekhamAM sAdhAraNa rIte je dRSTibiMduthI yudhiSThiranA jIvanano prasaMga vilokavAmAM Ave che, tenAthI eka judA ja daSTibiMduthI kavi temaja nAyakane nyAya thAya e rIte AnaMdazaMkare A samagra prasaMgano vicAra karyo che. jo ke potAnA uparokta lekha vize khulAso karatAM AnaMdazaMkara ahIM ema noMdhe che ke : "mArA lekhamAM yudhiSThiranA asatyakathananI pAchaLa rahelA naitika ane dhArmika siddhAMtanI carcA karavA karatAM e prasaMgamAM kavie AlekhelA eka bhavya karuNarasanA citra tarapha vAcakanI dRSTi doravAno vizeSa udeza hato." (dharmavicAra1, pR. 165) For Personal & Private Use Only

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240 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana bhAgavata mata : bhAgavatane AnaMdazaMkara SagdarzanonI samAnakakSAnuM eka vadhArAnuM bhaktipradhAna darzana gaNAve che. jema 'karma' e jJAna nathI chatAM enI mImAMsA thaIne 'pUrvamImAMsA' darzana thayuM che tema bhaktinI paNa mImAMsA bhAgavatamAM jovA maLe che. arthAt bhaktinA svarUpa saMbaMdhI anya darzanonI mAphaka sUtrabaddha vicAra bhAgavatamAM jovA maLe che. tene anusarIne AnaMdazaMkara bhAgavatadarzanane paNa SagdarzananI samAnakakSAnuM darzana gaNAvI tenI mahattA prasthApita karI Ape che. ApaNA dezamAM bhakti dharmano udbhava cAre thayo te aMge vidvAnomAM matabheda che. vebara tathA keTalAka khristI pAdarIonA mate hiMdustAnamAM bhaktidharmano udbhava khristI dharma pachI ane enI asarathI thayelo che. bhAMDArakaranA mate ApaNA dezamAM bhaktidharmano prAraMbha gautamabuddhanA samayanI lagabhagamAM thayelo che. TILaka tene gautamabuddha ane upaniSadanI vaccenA kALamAM mAne che. uparokta matone AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. temanA mate : "bhakti e hRdayanI Urmi che ane dharma e manuSyanA samagra AtmAno arthAt, buddhi, hRdaya ane kRti traNeno vyApAra che. eTale koI paNa dharma koI paNa kALe taddana bhaktirahita hoya e saMbhavatuM nathI.''(dharmavicAra2, pR.158) Ama, bhakti e dharmanuM Avazyaka tattva hovAthI ane duniyAnA koIpaNa dharmamAM jJAna karatAM bhakti ane karma vahelA ja najare paDe che e nyAye AnaMdazaMkara hiMdustAnamAM bhaktidharma cheka Rgveda kALathI ja astitvamAM che tema siddha kare che. RgvedasaMhitAmAM rahelI devonI stuti e upAsyabhaktinuM uttama udAharaNa che. paraMtu RgvedakALathI cAlI AvatI A bhaktine prathama vyavasthita svarUpamAM mUkavAnuM kAma citrazikhaMDI, nArada, zAMDilya vagere munioe karela che. bhAgavatanI tatkAlIna samayamAM eTalI badhI prazaMsA thaI ke tenA upara aneka TIkAo lakhAI che. bhAgavata matamAM bhaktine paramAtmAne pAmavAnuM mukhya sAdhana mAnavAmAM Ave che. 'bhAgavata' ane 'bhAgavata mata'no artha samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "bhAgavata matamAM 'bhaga' eTale jJAna, bala, aizvarya, vIrya, zakti ane teja - e cha guNa ane e guNavALo paramAtmA te 'bhagavAn'- ema 'bhaga' ane 'bhagavAn zabdanA artha karavAmAM Ave che. bhagavAnanA thaIne rahelA te 'bhAgavata' bhakta, ane teono mata te bhAgavata mata." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.159) bhAgavata matamAM ApaNe tyAM viziSTa peTAbheda paNa UpajelA che. ziva, viSNu ane devI e hiMdudharmamAM bhaktinA mukhya traNa saMpradAya gaNAya che. kyAreka vizeSa arthamAM bhAgavata matamAM paramAtmAnAM pAMca svarUpa mAnavAmAM Ave che : For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 241 (1) para vA sUkSma (2) bRha (3) vibhava (4) antaryAmI (5) arcA. paramAtmAne pAmavAnA sAdhana tarIke bhaktinA be prakAra che : (1) paramAtmA upara prema rAkhanArI sAdhAraNa bhakti. (2) prapatti - prapatti eTale zaraNAgati. jemAM paramAtmA bhaktano vyavahArika yogakSema kare che ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. A prapanna (saMpUrNa zaraNAgatinI dazAmAM) dazAmAM jIve kaMI paNa karavAnuM rahe che ke kema e aMge be mata che : (1) markaTanyAya - prapanna bhakta prabhune mAtra vaLagI rahevAnuM ja hoya che. (2) mArjarAkhyAya - prabhu potAnA prapanna bhaktano premathI sarva vAte nirvAha kare che. temAM e bhakta kaMI paNa zrama levo paDato nathI. purANa ane taMtra: purANa' ne AnaMdazaMkara amUlya dharma sAhitya gaNAve che. hiMdudharmanuM svarUpa yathArtha ane pUrNapaNe jANavA mATe purANa ghaNo agatyano srota banI rahe che. purANathI dharmanA satyane zUdro ane strIone paNa jANavAno adhikAra maLelo che. ItihAsa (mahAbhArata) ane purANa hiMdu dharmamAM pAMcamA veda tarIke gaNAya che. vyAsajIe jema cAra veda, cAra judA judA brAhmaNaziSyone ApyA tema A pAMcamo veda romaharSaNa nAme sUta jAtinA ziSyane Apyo ema zAstra kahe che. purANagraMthone AnaMdazaMkara eka dRSTie khUba ja prAcIna ane bIjI dRSTie navIna gaNe che. prAcIna e rIte ke Aryo hiMdustAnamAM AvI siMdhu ane gaMgA nadInA taTe vasyA e samaya karatAM paNa jUnA kALanI e kathAo che. cheka chAMdogya upaniSadamAM "purANa' zabda jovA maLe che. tenA AdhAre kahI zakAya ke cheka brAhmaNa ane upaniSada kALamAM paNa "purANa' nAmanA graMtho hatA. purANa graMtho navIna e rIte ke hAla je purANo upalabdha thAya che tenuM mukhya svarUpa mahAbhAratakALa pachInuM che. chevaTanA keTalAka utArA to IsavIsana zarU thayA pachInA kALanA che. Ama, temane navIna kahevAmAM paNa kaMI bAdha Avato nathI. purANonA hAlanA svarUpa viSe AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke "atyAre je rUpamAM e graMtho dekhAya che e rUpa to bezaka navuM ja che." A uparAMta hiMdustAnamAM AryaprajA jema jema vistaratI gaI te samayanI kathAo paNa purANomAM dAkhala thayelI che. purANomAM thayelo saghaLo umero khoTo ja thayo che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahevA mAgatA nathI. nadIo, parvato ane samudra taTe vikaselAM pavitra yAtrAdhAmo temaja vedayajJane sthAne AvelAM bIjAM vrata ane utsavo e sarva purANomAM dAkhala thayelA che. tenAthI For Personal & Private Use Only

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242 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana e samaye loko paramAtmAnI bhakti sAthe samAja ane kuTuMbamAM nirdoSa AnaMda kevI rIte meLavatA teno khyAla Ave che. Ama, purANa samasta janasamAjanA dharmanuM citra prakaTa kare che. eka prasiddha lakSaNa pramANe - purANomAM sarga (sRSTi), pratisarga (pralaya), devatAo, mavaMtaranI kathAo, sUrya ane caMdravaMzI rAjarSionAM caritro - A pAMca viSayo Ave che. A uparAMta varNAzramadharmanuM nirUpaNa, darzanazAstronA bodha, bhagavAnanA avatAronI kathAo, bhakti, jJAna ane vairAgyane lagatA stotro, upadeza vagere purANomAM vipula pramANamAM jovA maLe che. A kathAomAMthI hiMdu dharmanA ItihAsa viSe ghaNuM jANavA maLe che. dA.ta. dakSa yajJanA dhvaMsanI kathAmAMthI karmamArgIo ane jJAnamArgIono jhaghaDo pUrve kevo thayo haze tenuM anumAna AnaMdazaMkara tArave che. aDhAra purANanA je dRSTie sattva, rajasa ane tamasa ema traNa guNane anusarIne traNa varga pADavAmAM AvyA che tene AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. teo kahe che : "AvA vibhAga eno vAstavika upadeza dhyAnamAM rAkhIne paDyA hota to bahu kImatI thaI paData. paNa vastutaH amuka deva te sattvaguNI ane amuka tamoguNI evA paraspara dharmanA dveSathI e vibhAga thayA che e khedanI vAta che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.170) Ama, paraspara dveSanI bhAvanAthI nahi paNa dareka purANomAMthI A traNa guNanAM tattvono taTasthatAthI abhyAsa karI tAravavAnI AvazyakatAne AnaMdazaMkara darzAve che. purANa uparAMta mULa purANano ja bhAga hoI "taMtra' ne AnaMdazaMkara purANomAMthI ja bahAra nIkaLelA eka jANavA jevA dharmagraMthanA prakAra rUpe oLakhAve che. "taMtra' zabdano mukhya artha (tan-dhAtu uparathI) kriyAyoga thAya che. te uparathI enuM nirUpaNa karanArA graMtho paNa 'taMtra' kahevAya che. "taMtra' zabdano eka vedathI ane bIjo maMtrathI ema be prakAre bheda pADavAmAM Ave che. (1) vaidika kriyA sivAyanI purANakALamAM utpanna thayelI kriyA e tAMtrika kriyA kahevAya che. A kAraNathI ja "taMtra' mATe nigamathI bhinna "Agama' zabda vaparAya che. vartamAna hiMdu dharmamAM A arthamAM ghaNI taMtrokta kriyAo cAle che. (2) taMtra te dharmanA rahasyabhUta rahasya maMtrane kriyA dvArA siddha karavAnI rIti che. A artha anusAra maMtramAM je mananArtha rahasya samAyeluM hoya che ene anubhavamAM levA mATe taMtranI yojanA che. taMtramAM sAMkhya ke vedAMtarUpanuM tattvajJAna ane yogazAstranuM mizraNa jovA maLe che. sAMkhyanAM puruSa ane prakRti te taMtranA ziva ane zakti. temAM ghaNIvAra ziva karatAM zaktino mahimA For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 243 adhika gaNavAmAM Ave che. enuM tAtparya paramAtmAnI mAyA yA avidyA zaktinuM adbhuta baLa batAvavAnuM hoya che. ahIM AvelA "zakti' zabdano artha AnaMdazaMkara sAMkhyanA prakRti ane puruSa ubhayane potAmAM samAvatI evI paramAtmAnI caitanya zakti evo kare che. vaidika yajJa ane tAMtrika karma vacce AnaMdazaMkara keTaluka sAmya jue che. temanA mate tAMtrika karma vaidika karmanuM keTaluMka rUpAMtara che. jema vaidika yajJamAM aneka jano ekaThA thaI yajJa karatA, tema taMtramAM paNa 'cakra' yAne maMDaLI bAMdhI gupta rIte kriyAo karavAmAM AvatI. vaidika yajJamAM yajamAna sAthe yajamAna patnI bhAga letI, tema tAMtrika kAryamAM paNa strI bhAga letI. vaidika yajJamAM yajamAnanuM prajApati sAthe aikya samajavAmAM Ave che tema A taMtra karmamAM bhAga lenAra puruSa te ziva ane strI te zakti ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. Ama, vividha udAharaNo ApI AnaMdazaMkara vaidika yajJa ane taMtra karma vacce sAmya batAvavAno prayAsa kare che. jo ke taMtramAM keTalAka duSTa AcArono prabhAva jovA maLe che tenA khulAsAmAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che: ziva ane zaktinA yogathI samasta sRSTi udbhave che e satya anubhavavAnA yatnamAMthI tAMtrika kriyAmAM duSTa AcArone ghaNuM uttejana maLatuM. vaLI, kAmAdika mAnasika vRttio upara jaya meLavavo - ane te eTale sudhI ke e vRttine uddIpta karanAra ane ukhala karanAra badhI sAmagrI balka kriyA hovA chatAM, paNa e vRttio vaza rahe evI sthiti prApta karavI e yatnamAMthI bhrAMtie karI pUrvokta duSTa AcArono udbhava che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 177) taMtrazAstramAM guru, dIkSA ane maMtranI khAsa AvazyakatA batAvavAmAM AvI che. brahmabhAva, dhyAnabhAva, japastuti ane pUjA evA kramavAra ekabIjAthI UtaratA taMtrokta upAsanAnA cAra prakAra che. taMtramAM sAdhakonuM maMDaLa jene "cakra kahe che - emAM praviSTa thayelA jano pUrato taMtramArgamAM varNabheda nathI paNa enI bahAra varNabheda svIkArAya che ema AnaMdazaMkara no che. tAMtrika AcAranA "dakSiNa' ane 'vAma' evA be prakAra che. dakSiNamArga te pravRttimArga ane vAmamArga te nivRttimArga evo A be mArgono zAstrIya bheda che. sAdhAraNa rIte vAmamArgano artha tAMtrika upAsanAmAM dAkhala thaI gayelA "paMcamakAra' (masya, madirA, mAMsa, mudrA ane maithuna) sevanarUpI duSTa AcAro evo thAya che. ane tethI UlaTo zuddhimArga te 'dakSiNamArga' kahevAya che. Ama, vedamAMthI vistAra pAmIne veda pachInA kALamAM, hiMdustAnamAM je dhArmika jIvana baMdhAyuM tenuM chellAmAM chelluM rUpa AnaMdazaMkara purANa ane taMtramAMthI tArave che. trimUrti paMcAyatana: bhaktirasanA AlaMbana rUpa paramAtmAne purANomAM jagatanI utpatti, sthiti ane layanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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244 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana kAraNarUpa mAnavAmAM Ave che. paramAtmAnI A traNa kriyAone laIne paramAtmA (1) brahmA (2) viSNu ane (3) ziva ema trimUrti svarUpa kalpavAmAM Avyo che. paramAtmAnI saghaLI lIlA A traNa kriyAomAM AvI jAya che. A trimUrtinA traNa deva hiMdudharmamAM sarvadevomAM mukhya gaNAya che. vedanA amuka mukhya devonI bhAvanAmAMthI A trimUrti utpanna thaI che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. A traNa devomAMthI brahmAnI upAsanA hAla hiMdudharmamAM cAlatI nathI, ziva ane viSNunI upAsanA jovA maLe che. temAMthI zaiva ane vaiSNava evA hiMdudharmanA be mukhya paMtha che. paMcAyatana: smArta hiMduo ziva, viSNu, sUrya, gaNapati ane aMbikA (mAtA) e pAMca devanI pUjA kare che tene paMcAyatana kahevAmAM Ave che. tene paMcAyatana kahevAnuM kAraNa spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "paMcadevanA Ayatana kahetAM raheThANa, sthAna vA mUrti enI pUjA kare che. deva eka ja che, paNa te pAMca raheThANamAM prakaTa thaI pAMca judAM judAM nAma pAme che. tethI te paMcadeva na kahevAtAM 'paMca Ayatana" kahevAya che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 184). mUrtipUjA : - prArthanAsamAja ane bIjA sudhArako taraphathI mUrtipUjA aMge evo AkSepa karavAmAM Ave che ke hiMduo mUrtine ja paramAtmA rUpa mAne che. tenI sAme "mUrtipUjA' e nAmanA emanA lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara hiMduo mUrtine ja paramAtmA mAne che e kahevuM satya che ? e praznanI vicAraNA kare che. temAMthI emanA mUrtipUjA aMgenA vicAro jANavA maLe che. hiMduo mAtra mUrtine ja pUjatA nathI paNa paratvane mUrtimAM pratyakSa thatuM jue che. keTalAka aitihAsika kAraNone lIdhe mahamada, jisasa vagere e mUrtipUjAne eka pApa sAthe joDI tenuM khaMDana kareluM che. aitihAsika kAraNothI udbhavelA A mUrtipUjAnA khaMDanane saikAlika satyarUpe sthApavuM e AnaMdazaMkara bhUlabhareluM gaNAve che. mUrtipUjA sAmAnya janamaMDaLa mATe ja nahi paNa tattvajJAnIone paNa svAbhAvika che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. kAraNake mUrtipUjAnuM kAraNa dhArmikatAnI nyUnatA nathI paNa dhArmikatAnI adhikatAmAM raheluM che. ApaNA arvAcIna sudhArako je daSTie mUrtipUjAnuM khaMDana kare che tenI sAme AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "mUrtipUjA e kharI dhArmikatAno uddagAra che, paratattvane pratyakSa karI jovA, sevavA ane AliMgavAno yatna che.jUnA yahUdI dharmanA vakhatamAM ane te pahelAM ghaNI vakhata, bebiloniyA vagere pradezamAM dhArmika vRtti bahu nikRSTa dazAmAM UtarI paDI hatI ane te vakhate mUrtipUjAe bahu ayogya svarUpo dhAraNa karyA hatAM, e kAraNathI keTalAka jUnA yahUdIo ane krAIsTa vagere navIna yahUdIoe mUrtipUjA upara prahAra karyo, paNa eTalA uparathI, mUrtipUjAnI aitihAsika sadoSatAne saikAlika sadoSatA rUpe mAnI laI, ane paramezvara sacarAcara vyApI rahelo che For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 245 jagatathI para (Transcedent) che tema jagatamAM (Immanent) paNa che - e vAta bhUlI jaI, upara svargamAM beThelo che ane tethI mUrtithI bhinna che ema brAMtimAM paDI, krizciyano ane musalamAnonuM anukaraNa karI ApaNA arvAcIna sudhArako mUrtipUjAnuM khaMDana karavA jAya che e moTI bhUla che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.382) zaMkarAcArya : saMskRtakALanA uttarArdhamAM ApaNe tyAM samagra hiMdudharmanuM pharI avalokana karI enI punaHvyavasthA karanAra keTalAka AcAryo thayA. temaNe prAcIna graMthomAMthI thoDAka mukhya graMtho - jevA ke upaniSada, bhagavadgItA, vedAMtasUtra upara bhASyo athavA siddhAMtagraMtho lakhyA che. temAM A AcAryonuM pramukha kArya kharo sanAtana hiMdudharma zo che e lokone samajAvavAnuM ane te anusAranI saMsthAo bAMdhavAnuM hatuM. ApaNI AcArya paraMparAmAM sauthI mahattvanA AcArya zaMkarAcArya hatA. zaMkarAcArye AkhA hiMdustAnamAM pharI prAcIna upaniSadono advaitavAda ane jJAnavAda pravartAvyo ane enA rakSaNa mATe hiMdustAnane cAra khUNe maTho sthApI te upara potAnA cAra mukhya ziSyonI yojanA karI. AnaMdazaMkare zaMkarAcAryanA "kevalAdvaita' siddhAMta para gahana ciMtana karI tene tattvavicAramAM sarvocca sthAne pramANita karyo che. hiMdudharma ane tattvajJAnanA ItihAsamAM zaMkarAcAryanA ciMtana ane kAryanuM sthAna AnaMdazaMkare yathArtha rIte pragaTa karI ApyuM che. zaMkarAcArye kareluM dhArmika vahemo ane kriyAkAMDonuM khaMDana, temaja, temanA ciMtanamAM paDelA saMtadharmanAM bIja. e be ne AnaMdazaMkara hiMdustAna upara zaMkarAcAryanA be moTA upakAra gaNAve che. (dharmavicAra-2, pR.198) (1) dhArmika vahemonuM khaMDana : "zaMkarAcAryanA samayamAM hiMdustAnamAM asaMkhya nAnA moTA devonI vividha jAtanI pUjA, ene lagatA asaMkhya dhArmika vahemo ane zaktipUjA, kAmapUjA vagerene nAme keTalIka vAra durAcAra paNa pravartatA hatA - tenuM zaMkarAcArye khaMDana karyuM che. A khaMDanane aMge emaNe batAvyuM che ke ziva ane viSNu eka ja paramAtmAnA AnaMda ane vyApakatA sUcavanAra mAtra judAM judAM nAmo che ane devI te e paramAtmAnI jagatmAtA- mAyAzakti che." (2) saMtadharmanuM bIja : zaMkarAcArya jIvamAtranuM paramAtmAmAM advaita sAdhIne AgaLa upara thanArA jJAnapradhAna saMtadharma (udA.kabIra vagereno upadeza)nuM bIja ropyuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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246 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana Ama paraMparAgata dharmamAM punarracanA ane bhaviSyanA dharma mATenuM mArgadarzana ema baMne rIte zaMkarAcAryanA kAryane AnaMdazaMkara pramANe che. zaMkarAcAryanA upadeza saMbaMdhI keTalIka bhrAMtionA AnaMdazaMkare ApelA khulAsA: zaMkarAcAryanA upadeza saMbaMdhI sAmAnya janomAM eka evI mAnyatA che ke emaNe bauddha ane jainonuM khaMDana karI vaidika varNAzramadharma pharI sthApyo. zaMkarAcAryanA upadeza saMbaMdhI A mAnyatAne AnaMdazaMkara bhUlabharelI gaNAve che. zaMkarAcAryanA upadeza aMge taTasthatAthI vicArI AnaMdazaMkara temanuM A aMgenuM yathArtha dRSTibiMdu pragaTa kare che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate zaMkarAcAryanA jIvanano ane upadezanA pradhAna udeza bauddha ane jainonuM khaMDana karavAno na hato, paNa hiMdudharmane ja aMtaramAMthI sudhAravAno temano mukhya prayAsa hato. hiMdudharmamAM vyApela anekadevavAda, sthULapUjA, karmakAMDa, vahema, aMdhazraddhA vagere sAme temaNe sarvatra eka paramAtmA ja upAsya che, jenA ziva, viSNu Adi mAtra nAma ja che ema batAvI karmakAMDanuM AgrahapUrvaka khaMDana kareluM che. Ama, zaMkarAcAryanA upadezamAM anya dharmanA siddhAMtonuM khaMDana nahi paNa hiMdudharmanA ja keTalAka siddhAMtonuM khaMDana jovA maLe che. bIjuM zaMkarAcArya jJAnathI ja paramArtha siddhi mAne che. teo karma ane jJAna aMdhArAM ane ajavALAM jeTalAM ekabIjAthI viruddha mAne che. keTalAka mANaso ema mAnatA jaNAya che ke, karma vaDe citta zuddha thAya che. tethI karma eka Avazyaka sAdhana che. A aMge zaMkarAcAryano siddhAMta AnaMdazaMkara spaSTa karI Ape che. brahmajJAnanA adhikArImAM nityAnityavahuviveka Adi sAmagrI hoya tene karmanI jarUra rahetI nathI. Ama, zaMkarAcArya adhikAra sAmagrI upara bhAra mUke che. arthAt jo manuSya jIvananuM lakSya brahmajJAna che to te tarapha aharniza prayANa karavuM joIe ane te mATe karma karavAnI AvazyakatA jaNAya to te karavAM, paNa haMmezAM tapAsatA rahevuM ke A karmo vivekAdi guNo upajAvavAmAM anukULa thAya che ke kema? A rIte jotAM ghaNAM karmo ke jeno zaMkara siddhAMtanA nAme bacAva karavAmAM Ave che te nakAmAM sAbita thaI jAya che. zaMkarAcArya sAdhanApaMcakamAM "rSa vanuchIyatAm' ema kahe che. tenuM tAtparya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che: "eno artha - karma karo ema nahi, paNa karma sArI rIte karo."karma sArI rIte karyA kyAre kahevAya? e vaDe paramAtmAnI pUjA thAya tathA niSkAma rIte e karavAmAM Ave tyAre. mATe zaMkarAcArya kahe che ke, "tenezastha vidhI-yatAmaviti: vAgye matiryaMcatAm" arthAt dareka karma karavuM te niSkAma buddhithI. eTaluM ja nahi paNa amuka karma karavAthI paramAtmAnuM vajana thAya che ke kema e paNa jotA rahevuM. (dharmavicAra-1, pR.577) ahiM AnaMdazaMkara zaMkarAcAryanA siddhAMtane samajAvatAM karmanA be prakAra kahyuM cheH (1) aMtaraMga karma (2) bahiraMga karma For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 247 AmAMthI aMtaraMga karma ja kAmanAM che bahiraMga nahi. arthAt je karmano vivekAdi sAthe aMtarano saMbaMdha samajAto hoya te karavAthI ja lAbha che. vaLI, divase divase karma ochAM karavA tarapha ja dRSTi rAkhavI ema zaMkarAcAryano siddhAMta che. ApaNI AzramavyavasthA viSe paNa eka Azrama pachI bIjo Azrama ema cAre Azrama eka pachI eka kramamAM svIkAravA ema paNa zaMkarAcAryano siddhAMta nathI ema AnaMdazaMkara kahe che "reva virane tAva pravrane" - arthAt "je ghaDIe vairAgya thAya e ghaDIe ja saMnyAsa laI gharamAMthI nIkaLI paDavuM" evo emano siddhAMta che. varNanI bAbatamAM paNa zaMkarAcAryanA siddhAMtane spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe cheH "varNanI bAbatamAM zaMkarAcArya dvijane ja brahmajJAnanA adhikArI mAne che. paraMtu jema rAmAnujAcAryanA paMthamAM prapatti dvArA ane vallabhAcAryanA paMthamAM puSTi dvArA sarva varNa mATe paramAtmAnAM dvAra UghaDe che, tema zaMkarAcAryanA jIvanamAM manISApaMcakano prasaMga paNa varNabhedanI pAra jaI paramAtmAnI ekatA anubhavavAno bodha kare che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR. 578) - varNAzramadharma aMgenA zaMkarAcAryanA vicAro sAmAnya janasamAjamAM bhrAMtimUlaka rIte phelAyelA che. vAstavamAM to zaMkarAcAryanuM A aMgenuM aMtima maMtavya varNabhedathI pAra javAnuM hatu ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. zaMkarAcAryanA siddhAMta sAthe zivapUjana, bhasmarudrAkSa dhAraNa vagere vastu evI joDAI gaI che ke jene kAraNe zaMkarAcArya te zaiva saMpradAyanA AcArya che evI mAnyatA pracalita thaI che, tene AnaMdazaMkara ayogya gaNAve che. Ama thavAnuM kAraNa eka to zaMkarAcAryanA nAmane kAraNe keTalAka temane "zaMkarano avatAra gaNe che. vastutaH temaNe kevaLa eka tattva-brahmano ja upadeza karyo che ane mahezvarAdika sarva devonuM khaMDana kareluM che. tethI zaMkarAcArya zaivasaMpradAyanA ja AcArya che e mAnyatA bhUlabharelI che. uparokta mAnyatA UbhI thavAnuM bIjuM kAraNa tamiladezamAM te samayamAM ziva ane vaiSNava paMthonA saMgharSamAM raheluM che ema AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. (dharmavicAra1, pR.579) Ama, zaMkarAcArya viSe anya dharmonA khaMDana aMgenI, varNAzrama dharma aMgenI, jJAnamArga karmamArga aMgenI temaja zaivapaMthI ane vaiSNavapaMthI hovA aMgenI pracalita bhrAMtione AnaMdazaMkare yathArtha rIte pragaTa karI che. rAmAnujAcAryaH saMskRtakALanA bIjA mahAna AcArya rAmAnujAcArya che. emano saMpradAya "zrIsaMpradAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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248 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana ane emano tattvajJAnano siddhAMta viziSTAdvaitavAda ne nAme oLakhAya che. "zrI" kahetAM lakSmIe pravartAvelo arthAt bhagavAnano Azraya karI rahelI bhagavadAvibhUtinA ciMtanamAMthI udbhavelo, evo je saMpradAya te "zrI" saMpradAya, ane e vibhUti thakI brahma viziSTa che, evA viziSTa brahmathI atirikta koIpaNa padArtha nathI. tethI e tattvajJAnIya siddhAMta te 'viziSTAdvaita' kahevAya che. rAmAnujAcAryanA siddhAMtamAM keTalIka dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevI bAbato AnaMdazaMkara tArave che. (1) paramAtmA te sakala vizvanuM upAdAna ane nimitta kAraNa che. sRSTinA jaDa padArtho (acita) ane cetana jIvo (cita) te enA zarIrarUpa che. A siddhAMta mujaba brahma vastuta: kaivala nathI, paNa cit - acitanI sUkSma vA sthUla avasthAthI sarvadA viziSTa rahe che. tethI e siddhAMta "viziSTAdvaita'ne nAme oLakhAya che. A siddhAMtane zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitanA virodhI tarIke mUkavAmAM Ave che paNa mULa e vaitavAdanI sAme pragaTa thayo haze ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. 'viziSTAdvaita'e nAmano hetu samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "sAmAnya mati jIva jagata ane Izane paraspara vibhinna mAne che. paNa vastutaH jIva ane jagata IzathI bhinna nathI. te eTale sudhI ke IzanAM ja e vizeSaNo che, ema AMtaraaikya pratipAdana karavAno viziSTAdvaita' nAmano hetu hovo saMbhave che." : (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 209) (2) paramAtmA sakala kalyANa guNathI bharapUra che. e nirguNa kahevAya che temAM paNa tene heya (tyAya) guNarahita che ema samajavAnuM che. jIvAtmA te vastutaH paramAtmA ja che ema nahi, paNa paramAtmAno aMza che. (4) paramAtmA vAsudeva (paramAtmA),saMkarSaNa (jIva), padyumna (mana), ane aniruddha (ahaMkAra) ema cAra bhUhamAM avasthita che ane bhaktithI labhya che. A bhAgavata mata te ja kharo vedAMta mata che. (5) brahmanuM jJAna meLavavA jatAM pahelAM karmamImAMsA karavAnI che. (6) karma ane AtmAnuM) jJAna e be maLIne bhakti upajAve che ane bhakti e ja paramAtmAne pahoMcavAnuM sAdhana che. paramAtmAnI bhakti e ja tenuM kharuM jJAna. rAmAnujAcArya varNAzramadharmanA karmakAMDane bahu mahattva Ape che. mAtra enI pAra eka bArI khullI rAkhe che ane te prapattinI. jIvanamukti zakya nathI. muktiyogya thayelo puruSa maraNottara brahmalokamAM jAya che. tyAM AtmA paramAtmAnuM sAdhamma meLave che. (3) (8) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 249 uparokta siddhAMto rAmAnujAcAryanA ciMtananA mukhya siddhAMto che. A uparAMta AnaMdazaMkare "zrIbhASya'e nAme brahmasUtra upara rAmAnujAcAryanA bhASyano adhyAya be, traNa, cArano gujarAtI anuvAda paNa karyo che. "zrIbhASyanA bhAratamAM vividha bhASAomAM anuvAda thayA che. temAM AnaMdazaMkare karelo gujarAtI anuvAda Adarza gaNAya che. A anuvAdamAM emaNe lakhelI prastAvanA rAmAnujAcAryanA ciMtanane samajavAmAM yathArtha dRSTi Ape che. AnaMdazaMkara zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitane ja tattvavicAranA sarvocca zikhara tarIke pramANe che. rAmAnujAcAryamAM teo AvI utkaTatA rahelI jotA nathI. kAraNake rAmAnujAcArya mokSanA sAdhana tarIke jJAna-karmano samuccaya svIkAre che. tethI emanA AtmAmAM jJAna eTale tattvadarzana ane karma eTale saMpradAya-e baMne ekaThAM bhaLelAM jaNAya che. emaNe jeTalI saMpradAyanI sevA karI che eTalA ja samatolapaNAthI tattvadarzana mATe atyaMta Agraha sevyo che e ja emanI vizeSatA che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahe che. Ama chatAM paNa rAmAnujAcAryamAM saMpradAya AgaLa che ema AnaMdazaMkara pratipAdana kare che. "jJAna mATe e paramAtmAnA anugrahane ane e anugraha mATe saMpradAyanA sevanane Avazyaka gaNe che." zrIbhASya'nI prastAvanAmAM AnaMdazaMkara rAmAnujAcAryanI mahattA be rIte svIkAre che ane e rIte hiMdustAnanA dhArmika jIvanamAM rAmAnujAcAryano phALo varNave che. (zrImapR. 57). (1) rAmAnujAcArya je jJAnakarma samuccayavAda svIkAre che te tattvajJAnanI daSTie bhale vyAghAtagarbha siddha thAo, paNa tattvajJAna ane sAmAnya manuSyanA dhArmika jIvananI vyavahAru saMkalanA karavAmAM ghaNuM upakAraka che. (2) zaMkarAcArya saguNa brahmamAMthI nirguNabrahma kADhe che e vAta sAmAnya lokanI sthULa daSTimAM jhaTa AvI zakatI nathI ane ene badale zaMkarAcArya nirIzvaravAdInI mAphaka jANe saguNa brahmano niSedha karatA hoya ema teo samaje che. tevA prasaMge saguNabrahmanuM vistArapUrvaka jJAna ApanAra rAmAnujadarzana saguNa brahmane netra AgaLa prakAzanuM rAkhIne nirIzvaravAda pratye aruci upajAvavAmAM ThIka madada kare che. jJAna jyAM sudhI pakUvadazAe nathI pahoMcatuM tyAM sudhI e anadhikArI jIvone gariSTha paDe che, teomAM karkazatA ane stabdhatA UpajAve che-te mATe jo temane bhaktirasa utsAhathI pAvAmAM Ave to tethI teonuM jIvana vadhAre Arya ane mRdu thaI, pachI kharA jJAna mATe e yogya bane. A dRSTie paNa rAmAnujAcAryanA upadezanI sAmAnya lokamAM puSkaLa jarUra jaNAya che. (3) For Personal & Private Use Only

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250 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana A rIte AnaMdazaMkare rAmAnujAcAryanA samagra kAryane hiMdustAnanAM dhArmika jIvanamAM pramANavAno suMdara prayAsa karyo che. niMbArkacAryaH bhASyakALanA AcAryomAM rAmAnujAcArya pachI nibArka nAme AcArya thayA che. temano saMpradAya "sanakasaMpradAya" che. rAmAnujano "zrIsaMpradAya' ane niMbArkano "sanakasaMpradAya baMnene AnaMdazaMkara vaiSNavabhAgavata saMpradAya tarIke oLakhAve che. baMne vacce bheda darzAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : rAmAnujAcAryanI bhaktinA arthamAM jJAnano aMza bhaLelo che tene badale nibArkAcAryanI bhakti rasarUpa vizeSa che."(....) "rAmAnujAcArya jema "kevala aMta mAnatA nathI tema niMbArkAcArya paNe mAnatA nathI, paNa rAmAnuja "viziSTa atimAne che. eTale ke cit ane acituthI viziSTa je eka ja tattva che te tattvanI sAthe e vizeSaNone abheda che ema mAne che, tene sthAne niMbArkAcAryanuM ema kahevuM che ke cit ane acit e brahmathI bhinna che temaja abhinna paNa che. A rIte ekano siddhAMta jema viziSTAdvaita nAme oLakhAya che tema bIjAno 'vaitAdvaita' nAme jANIto che." (dharmavicAra ra-pR.213). madhvAcAryaH bhASyakALamAM trIjA moTA AcArya madhvAcArya che. teo madhva, pUrNaprajJa ane AnaMdatIrtha e traNa nAme prakhyAta thayA che. temaNe vaiSNavasaMpradAya ane vaita siddhAMtano upadeza karyo che. teoe zaivasaMpradAya, mAyAvAda vagerenuM khaMDana karyuM. kevalAdvaita ane viziSTAdvaita baMnene madhvAcArya agrAhya gaNe che. ubhayano tyAga karI temaNe jIva, jaDa ane paramAtmAnA bhedabhAvanuM pratipAdana karyuM, madhvAcAryanA vaitavAdanA mukhya siddhAMto AnaMdazaMkara nIce pramANe tAravI Ape che : (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 215-16) (1) svataMtra ane parataMtra evAM be tattvo che - temAM svataMtra te paramAtmA viSNu ane parataMtrane te anya sarva brahmAdika devo, sAmAnya jIvo tathA jaDa padArtho. (2) nIcenAM pAMca padArthomAM sanAtana ane pAramArthika bheda che : (1) Izvara ane jIva vacce (2) Izvara ane jaDa vacce (3) jIva ane jaDa vacce (4) jIva ane jIva vacce (5) jaDa ane jaDa vacce mRtyoH + mRtyumanoti sa rU nAnA rUva pazyati' ( kaThopaniSada, 4-10) arthAtu, vAstavika rIte je nAnA (bhadavALuM) che tene nAnA jevuM eTale ke phakta bhedanI chAyAvALuM ja For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 251 jovuM e bhUla che," arthAta bhedane vAstavika mAnavAnI zrutinI AjJA che. tene anusarIne madhvAcArya kevalAdvaita, viziSTAdvaita temaja vaitAdvaitavAdanuM khaMDana karI vaitavAdanI sthApanA kare che. (3) Izvarane zAstra "viSNu zabdathI vyavahAre che. rAma, kRSNa e enA avatAra che. e paramAtmA ane enI zaktine viSNu ane lakSmI kahe che. viSNuthI viSNunI zakti lakSmI bhinna che, paNa ene Azraye rahelI che tathA nitya mukta che. jIva sevaka che ane viSNu sevya che. viSNunI sevAmAM mukhya bhajana che. je vANI, zarIra ane mana vaDe thAya che. prabhunA aparokSadarzanathI ja mukti maLe che. temAM karma sAdhanabhUta che paNa sAkSAt mokSa upajAvatAM nathI. e aparokSadarzananAM vairAgyAdika vividha sAdhanomAM zaraNAgati ane karma saMnyAsa e be mukhya che. A rIte madhvAcAryanA siddhAMtone saraLa rIte samajAvI AnaMdazaMkara temAM rahelA bhaktinA mahAtmane pragaTa kare che. vallabhAcArya : madhvAcArya pachI Azare be sadI pachI saMvata 1535 (I.sa.1479)mAM bhASyakALanA A mahAna AcArya vallabhAcAryano janma thayo hato. temaNe puSTimArga' (bhagavAna anugrahathI potAnA bhaktane poSe che e siddhAMta) no upadeza pravartAvyo tathA bhagavasevAnI paddhati bAMdhI. temano tattvajJAnano siddhAMta "zuddhAdvaita' tarIke oLakhAya che. vallabhAcAryanA ciMtananA mukhya siddhAMtono sAra AnaMdazaMkara nIce pramANe tArave che : (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 222-223) zaMkarAcAryanA advaitasiddhAMtamAM mAyA yA avidyA vaDe A jIva ane jagatano khulAso karavAmAM Ave che ane teTale aMze zaMkarAcAryanuM brahma "kevala' kahevAtA chatAM vastutaH kaluSita (mAyAthI melu baneluM) che, rAmAnujAcAryanuM viziSTa brahma paNa vizeSaNothI azuddha che; jyAre madhvAcAryano daitasiddhAMtato zrutithI viruddha che. kharo siddhAMta "zuddha advaita'no ja che, e siddhAMtanuM svarUpa TUMkamAM evuM che ke-advaita padArtha brahma te sadA zuddha ja che ane te zuddhane zuddha rahIne jagatarUpe pariName che tathA emAMthI-agnimAMthI taNakhAnI mAphaka-jIva nIsare che. arthAt brahmamAM mAyArUpI mithyAtvanA tattvane leza paNa avakAza nathI, je kaMI bhAse che te paramAtmA ja bhAse che ane vastutaH bhAse che. brahma pariNAma yAne vikAra pAmyA chatAM vikArarahita che. teno khulAso brahma pote paraspara viruddha dharmano Azraya banI zake evI brahmanI abhuta zakti vaDe, enI lIlArUpe karavAno che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahe che. jIvanuM ahaMtA- mamatArUpI ajJAna e ja avidyA che ane brahmanI mAyA eTale brahmanI abhuta zakti lIlA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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252 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (2) vallabhAcAryano dharmapaMtha viSNubhakti - aMtargata kRSNabhaktino che. vallabhAcArya karma ane jJAna baMnene paramapadaprAptinA avAjora sAdhanarUpe mAne che, paNa parama sAdhana bhaktine ja mAne che. manuSyanA potAnA svataMtra prayatna vaDe prApta karelI bhakti "maryAdAbhakti' kahevAya che, jayAre paramAtmAnA anugrahathI maLelI bhakti puSTibhakti' kahevAya che. te sarvocca bhakti che. brahmanAM Adhibhautika, AdhyAtmika ane Adhidaivika evAM traNa svarUpa che. temAMthI paheluM svarUpa karmathI, bIjuM jJAnathI ane trIjuM bhaktithI prApta thAya che. karma karI prApta karelA lokamAMthI punarAvRtti che, jJAna karIne prApta karelA padamAMthI punarAvRtti nathI, bhaktithI prApta karelA padamAMthI punarAvRtti thaI zake che, paraMtu te prabhukRpAthI bhajanAdikane mATe ja thAya che. jJAnI akSarabrahmamAM laya pAme che ane tyAM sudhI ja enI gati che. bhakta akSarAnaMda karatAM paNa para ane agaNita evo puruSottamano AnaMda prApta kare che. caitanya : vallabhAcAryanA samakAlIna baMgALamAM bIjA AcAryacaitanya nAme thayA. temaNe zaMkarAcAryanA jJAnamArga ane mAyAvAdanuM khaMDana karI rAmakRSNanI sakIrtana bhaktino upadeza karyo che. teo varNabhedamAM mAnatA nahotA, temaja, temanA saMpradAyamAM zrIkRSNa avatAra tarIke pUjAya che. basava : zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaita anusAra sarva nAma-rUpathI para evuM je parabrahma te ja paramatattva che, ane ziva, viSNu, vAsudeva ItyAdi zabdo e paramatattvanuM pratipAdana karanArA pada mAtra che. paraMtu zaMkarAcAryanA pachI rAmAnujathI mAMDI caitanya sudhInA tamAma AcAryoe te paramatattvane viSNu, nArAyaNa, kRSNa Adi vizeSa nAmothI upAsavAno upadeza karyo che. tethI e sarva paraMparAne AnaMdazaMkara vaiSNavapaMthamAM paDatI paraMparAo gaNAve che. AvI ja eka bIjI paraMparA zaivapaMthanI che. o zaivapaMthanuM eka jANavA jevuM viziSTa svarUpa te vIrazaiva yAne "liMgAyata paMthanuM che. A paraMparAnAM mULa cheka vaidika kALamAM rahelAM che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. A paMtha brAhmaNadharmanI viruddha utpanna thayelo che ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu AnaMdazaMkaranA mate kharuM. jotAM anya bhAgavata dharma jema sAmAnya brAhmaNadharmanI kriyA pratye anAdara darzAve che, chatAM e vizALa brAhmaNadharmanuM ja aMga che. te ja pramANe liMgAyata paMtha paNa tenA siddhAMtone jotAM brAhmaNadharmanuM ja eka aMga che. zaiva panthanI A zAkhA I. sa. bAramI sadImAM dakSINa mahArASTramAM thaI gayelA 'basava" nAme eka AcArye sthApelI manAya che. vIrazaiva athavA For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 253 'liMgAyata paMtha A sacarAcara jagatanA adhiSThAna tarIke eka advitIya saccidAnaMdasvarupa brahmazivatattvane ja mAne che. 'zivatattvane A paMthamAM "sthala nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che. enI zaktinI kriyAthI e sthalamAM vibhAga thatAM eka liMgasthala ane bijuM "aMgasthala" utpanna thAya che. 'liMgathala' te upAstha ziva ane "aMgasthala" te upAsaka jIva. te ja pramANe zaktinA paNa be vibhAga thAya che : eka kalA" ane bIjI "bhakti'. temAM "kalA' e zivanI zakti ane bhakti' te jIvanI zakti che. bhaktinI traNa bhUmikA pramANe "yogAMga', bhogAMga ane 'tyAgAMga" evA prakAra pADavAmAM AvyAM che. je paikI "yogAMga' bhakti aMtargata "aikya athavA 'samarasA' bhaktinuM vizeSa mahAbhya che. kAraNa ke e jIvane prApta karavAnI parama avasthA sAmaraNya (samatAnA AnaMdanI sthiti) kahevAya che. vartamAna AcAryonuM kartavya : zaMkarAcAryathI bacavezvara sudhInA AcAryonI ciMtana paraMparAmAM vyakta thatI dharmabhAvanA ane tattvabhAvanAnuM nirUpaNa AnaMdazaMkare sarvagrAhI daSTie karyuM che. aMte teo ApaNA vartamAna AcAryonA kartavya aMge potAnA vicAro vyakta kare che. temAM AnaMdazaMkaranI samanvayAtmaka daSTino ApaNane paricaya thAya che. atyAre ApaNA sarva AcAryoe parasparanA kalaha choDI daI ekaThA maLI, purANomAM jovA maLatA ekabIjAnI niMdAnA bhAgo dUra karavAnuM kArya karavuM joIe evuM AnaMdazaMkaranuM sUcana che. potAnA ja saMpradAya pratyeno haThAgraha paNa nirAdhAra che. ApaNA dharmanuM svarUpa evuM che ke temAM A badhA saMpradAyo eka sAthe jaI zake tema che. kAraNake ApaNA dharmanI e vizeSatA che ke A saMpradAyo koI sAmAnya kAraNathI nathI UbhA thayA, paNa enI pAchaLa dharma ane tattvajJAnanA UMDA matabheda rahelA che. tethI dareka manuSyane potAnA adhikAra anusAra saMpradAya pasaMda karavAnI ApaNA dharmamAM chUTa che. tene anusarIne AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA vartamAna AcAryone paNa paraspara samabhAva rAkhavAnuM kahe che. "sau AcAryoe paraspara samabhAva rAkhavo joIe eTaluM ja nahi paNa potapotAnA saMpradAyane anya saMpradAyanI madadathI sudhAravo joIe. vartamAna zaMkarAcAryoe jovuM joIe ke jo smArta kahevAtA potAnA anuyAyIomAM AcAravicAranI sAdAI ane TharelapaNuM che, to navA vaiSNava paMthomAM dhArmikatAno utsAha ane bhaktirasanuM mArdava vadhAre jovAmAM Ave che. vallabhAcAryoe paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke mULa AcAryonA "sevA" ane "saMbaMdha"nA siddhAMtamAM keTalAka dhArmika kacaro bharAI gayo che - e bhakti jJAnarahita banI javAnuM pariNAma che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.581) For Personal & Private Use Only

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254 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana Ama, paraspara sAMpradAyika satyono samanvaya karIne ApaNA vartamAna AcAryoe potAnA saMpradAyanI adhikAravyavasthAne dhyAnamAM rAkhIne pracAra ane prasAra karavo joIe ema AMnadazaMkarano nirNaya che. svAmI vivekAnaMde kahyuM che ke, hiMdudharmanA paraspara kalaho baMdha karavA hoya to laDAI bahAra laI jAo. paradezamAM hiMdudharmano jhaMDo laI jAo. ema karavAnI sAthe ja ApaNAmAM ekatA Avaze. vivekAnaMdanA A sUcanano AdhAra laI ApaNA dezanA vartamAna AcAryonA kharA kartavya aMge AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : atyAre "laDAI laDavA paradeza javAnI paNa jarUra nathI e laDAI ApaNe AMgaNe AvI che. hiMdustAnamAM navI keLavaNIne pariNAme pAzcAtya dezanI vartamAna jamAnAnI aihika vRtti ApaNAM bALakone ane yuvAnone dharmavimukha banAve che. atyAre dezamAM e nAstikatAno hallo Avyo che, to sau AcAryonI pharaja che ke ekaThA maLI teoe hiMdudharmanuM saMrakSaNa karavuM, khristI dharmamAM jatA aTakAvavA AryasamAja yatna kare che, paNa khristI dharma karatAM hajAra ghaNo kharAba dharma nAstikatAno che- e tarapha koI jotuM nathI. nAstikatAmAMthI bacAvavA mATe e upara koI tarehanA AkSepa karyo basa thAya ema nathI. enI sAme jyAre aMtaramAM zuddha hiMdudharma khIlavazo, tyAre ja e nAstikatA prasaratI aTakaze. te khIlavavA mATe eka AcAryano prayatna basa thaze nahi. hiMdudharma jJAna, bhakti ane karma traNe aMgono banelo che ane e sarvane khIlavanAra AcAryonI jarUra che." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.582) Ama, atyAre ApaNA sarva AcAryoe parasparanA kalaha choDI, paraspara samabhAva rAkhI hiMdudharmanA utthAna mATe kArya karavuM joIe. e ja AnaMdazaMkaranA mate ApaNA vartamAna AcAryonuM sAcuM kartavya che. (3) bhASAyuganuM dhArmika abhyasthAna hiMdu vedadharmamAM thayelI tattvavicAranI vikAsa prakriyAnuM AnaMdazaMkare kareluM avalokana ahIM sudhI ApaNe joyuM. temAM mukhyatve vaidikayuganI ane saMskRtayuganI hiMdustAnanI dharmabhAvanAnuM sarvagrAhI daSTie AnaMdazaMkare kareluM nirUpaNa jovA maLe che. A samagra avalokanane aMte vedayugamAM je dharma bIjarUpe rahelo hato te saMskRtayugamAM vRkSarUpe phAlyo ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. paraMtu saMskRta kALamAM dharmabhAvanAno vikAsa eTale sudhI thayelo jovA maLe che ke tenuM svarUpa sarvAze yathArtha grahaNa karavuM bauddhika dRSTie azakya jaNAya che. pariNAme te janajIvanathI ghaNuM dUra rahI gayeluM jovA maLe che. AvA samaye AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, dezanA sAmAnya janane mAthe dharmadIpa prakAzato rAkhavAnuM kAma AvI paDe che, je teoe yathAzakti ane dezakALane anusarIne sArI rIte pAra paDeluM che. ApaNe tyAM sAmAnya janamAnasamAMthI ja keTalAka puruSo evA AgaLa AvyA ke jemaNe kharI dhArmika preraNAthI hiMdudharmanAM keTalAMka amUlya For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 255 tattvo pakaDI lIdhAM. tene sAmAnya janamAnasanI svAbhAvika bhASAmAM yathArtha rIte pragaTa karI ApyAM. dharma ciMtananI vikAsa prakriyAnA A tabakkAne AnaMdazaMkara 'bhASAyuga' tarIke oLakhAve che. I.sa. pachI 1OOO-1200 pachInA yugane AnaMdazaMkara 'bhASAyuga' tarIke oLakhAve che. saMskRtakALanA chellA be AcAryo caitanya ane basava samayanI daSTie bhASAyugamAM ja thayA che. tema chatAM temanuM ciMtana saMskRtayuganA AcAryonI citana paraMparAmAM AvatuM hoI, AnaMdazaMkara temane saMskRtayuganA ja avazeSo gaNe che. eka yuga samApta thayA pachI ja bIjo yuga zarU thAya ema koI cokkasa bhedarekhA dorI zakAtI nathI. eka yugano aMta ane bIjAno AraMbha samakAlIna hoI be yuga vacceno keTaloka kAlapaTa anivArya rIte baMnemAM mUkavo paDe che. uparokta baMne AcAryonA upadeza ane saMpradAyamAM saMskRta sAthe bhASAno upayoga paNa bhaLela che. tema chatAM te baMne saMskRtakALanI ja paraMparA sAcavanArA hovAthI, AnaMdazaMkara tyAra pachInA samayane "bhASAyugamAM vargIkRta kare che. A yuga daramiyAna AkhA dezamAM bhASAnuM sAmrAjya sthapAyeluM jovA maLe che. te sAMprata samaya sudhI cAlu rahyuM che. tethI AnaMdazaMkara tene 'bhASAyuga kahe che. I.sa.nA 13mAM 14mAM saikAmAM ApaNA dezamAM bhASAyuganAM maMDANa thayAM te pahelAM gautamabuddhanA vakhatamAM temaja I.sa.thI kaMIka pUrve athavA pachIthI draviDa dezamAM prAdezika bhASAonuM dharmaciMtanamAM prabhutva jovA maLe che paNa e je te vakhate sarvagrAhya banI zakyuM nahotuM. tenuM kAraNa ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "A baMne samaya bhASAnuM sAmrAjya sthApavAmAM azakta nIvaDyAM. gautama buddhanA dharmanuM sAhitya pharI saMskRta banyuM eTaluM ja nahi, paNa bauddha dharmano lokabhASAmAM upadeza cAlato hato te ja samayamAM brAhmaNa (vaidika) dharma saMskRtamAM ja cAlyA karato hato. draviDa dezamAM 'tAmilavedanI je bhASApravRtti utpanna thaI, te AkhA hiMdustAnamAM vyApI zakI nahi, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa e vilaya pAmI pAcho zaMkarAcArya ane rAmAnujAcAryano saMskRtayuga Avyo." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.236,237) dharmaciMtanamAM bhASAyuganA prabhutvanI janasamAja para je vyApaka asara thaI tene potAnI lAkSaNika zailImAM samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "A navA jamAnAmAM dezamAM je navuM dhArmika caitanya hAlavA lAgyuM che evuM to prabaLa nIvaDyuM ke eNe saMskRta na jANanArA aneka mUMgAne bolatA karyA, ane je DuMgarA saMskRta bhaNelA paMDito oLaMgI zakatA na hatA te teo sahelAIthI oLaMgI gayA." (dharmavicAra-2, pR.237) For Personal & Private Use Only

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256 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana bhASAyugamAM dhArmika abhyasthAnanAM lakSaNo: bhASAyugamAM jovA maLatAM dhArmika abhyatthAnanAM viziSTa lakSaNo AnaMdazaMkara nIce mujaba tAravI batAve che : (1) prAdezika bhASAno prayoga (2) eka paramAtmAmAM niSThA (3) UMca-nIcanA bhedane asvIkAra (4) sadguru ane satsaMganuM mahattva (5) samagra hiMdudharmanA sArarUpa ciMtana (1) prAdezika bhASAno prayoga : saMskRtayugamAM dharmaciMtana mukhyatve saMskRta bhASAmAM ja thayeluM che. tenA kAraNe te yugamAM dharma sAmAnya janamAnasathI vikhUTo paDI gayelo jovA maLe che. bhASAyuganI eka sArvatrika lAkSaNiktA e che ke temAM saMskRtane badale "bhASAno prayoga zarU thayo, te sAmAnya janamAnasane svIkArya banI rahyo. eka paramAtmAmAM niSThA : aneka deva-devIonI upAsanAne badale - kAMI nahi to, e upAsanA chatAM paNa - eka rAma, kRSNa, viThThala ke evA koIka nAme Akhare eka paramAtmAmAM ja niSThA bhASAyuga' nA sarva saMtomAM jovA maLe che. (3) UMca-nIcanA bhedano asvIkAra : paramAtmAne bAraNe koI paNa tarehanA bheda nathI. e puruSano ja nathI, strIono paNa che, tavaMgarano nathI, garIbano paNa che, e bAvA ane tyAgIno ja nathI, gRhastha ane saMsArIno paNa che. A uparAMta te pApI paNa jo sAcA dilathI pastAvo kare to teno paNa che. TUMkamAM jenA upara enI kRpA thAya ane je ene bhaje te sarvano bhagavAna che. Ama, dharmanA mArgamAM koI bhedabhAva nathI e bhAvanA ne AnaMdazaMkara bhASAyugamAM eka mahattvanI lAkSaNikatA tarIke svIkAre che. (4) saddaguru ane satsaMganuM mahattva : prabhuprApti mATe yajJa, yAga, tapa, karmakAMDa kazAnI jarUra nathI, ene AtmAnA aMtaramAM ja anubhavavAno che. e anubhava,aneka janmanA sukRtanA phaLa svarUpe ke prabhu - kRpAthI anubhavI sadguru maLatAM ke satsaMga thatAM, enA nAmanuM raTaNa karatAM ane enAmAM laganI lagADatAM prApta thAya che. Ama, karmakAMDano niSedha karI jJAna ane bhaktine anusarI saddagurunuM sAMnidhya ane temanA satsaMgamAM aharniza rata rahevuM tene AnaMdazaMkara bhASAyuganA utthAnanI eka AgavI lAkSaNikatA gaNAve che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 257 (5) samagra hiMdudharmanA sArarUpa ciMtana : bhASAyuga daramyAna pUrvokta siddhAMto hiMdudharmamAM navA dAkhala thayelA che ema AnaMdazaMkara kahevA mAgatA nathI. hiMdudharmamAM A siddhAMto prathamathI hatA ja, paraMtu AnaMdazaMkaranA mate bhASAyuganI vizeSatA e che ke sarva siddhAMto jevA ke, bhAgavata dharma ane advaitasiddhAMta, bhaktimArga ane jJAnamArga e sarva tattvo ekaThAM maLIne sArarUpe A bhASAyugamAM pragaTa thayAM che. A saMdarbhamAM bhASAyuganuM mahattva pramANatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "eNe brAhmaNa (smArta) - dharmanI varNAzramavyavasthAne ane enA karmabhAgane lupta karyA nathI, paNa mAtra enAM sUkAM pAMdaDAMne khaMkherI nAkhyAM che ane enA jarjarita thaDamAM navo jIvanarasa preryo che." (dharmavicAra-2, pR. 237). Ama, bhASAyuga hiMdu dharmanA virodhamAM Avyo nathI. paraMtu pUrve jema, aupaniSadadharma, bhAgavatadharma, jaina-bauddha dharma vagere dharmo je daSTie AvyA hatA te ja rIte bhASAyuga paNa hiMdudharmane vadhu majabUta ane cetanavaMto banAve che. A bhASAyuganA mukhya pravartaka saMta sAdhuo che. jemanA vargamAM sarva varNa, ane puruSo temaja strIo, jovA maLe che. temano mukhya udeza koI dharmagraMtha racavAno nahoto. AkhA janasamAja mATe dharmanI zI vyavasthA karavI e emanuM ciMtana na hatuM. mAtra teo jJAna, vairAgya ane bhaktinA udgArothI samagra janamaMDaLanuM kalyANa karavAno prayatna karatAM hatA. teono samaya bahu nikaTa hovAthI, temaja temanA upadezamAM 'bhASA' (bolacAlanI ke vyavahAranI bhASA)nuM prAdhAnya hovAthI temanuM sAhitya bhajanarUpe samagra dezamAM phelAyeluM jovA maLe che. A saMtonI hiMdudharma upara ghaNI prabaLa asara rahelI che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. temanA mate bhASAyugamAM dezanuM dhArmika caitanya A saMtoe ja jALavI rAkhyuM che. jo ke prAcInakALamAM ApaNe tyAM khAsa karIne smArta dharmanI AsapAsa Avo prayAsa jovA maLe che. paNa A prayAsamAM jainabauddha dharma sivAya AvuM saMta sAhitya pracalita thaI zakyuM nathI. bhASAyuganA saMtone AnaMdazaMkara be vargamAM vaheMce che. eka jJAnapradhAna saMta varga, je bahudhA zaMkarAcAryanA upadezane sahaja rUpAMtarita karI jJAnano upadeza kare che, ane, bIjo bhaktipradhAna saMtavarga ke je, rAmAnujAcAryanA darzanane anusarI rAma, kRSNa, viThThala Adi vividha nAme prabhune bhajIne bhaktirasa vaheto rAkhe che. A baMne varganA mukhya saMto jevA ke rAmAnaMda, kabIrajI, nAnaka zAha, tulasIdAsa, suradAsa, mIrAMbAI, narasiMha mahetA, mahArASTranA saMtoH jJAnadeva, nAmadeva, tukArAma, rAmadAsa vagerenA upadeza ane jIvana-kavana aMge AnaMdazaMkare TUMkamAM digdarzana karAvavAno suMdara prayAsa karyo che. (juo dharmavicAra-2, pR.239 thI 246). For Personal & Private Use Only

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258 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (4) navInayuganI dharmadaSTi navIna keLavaNI : aMgreja zAsana daramiyAna ApaNe tyAM zarU thayelI navI keLavaNIne pariNAme dezanA pravartamAna vicAromAM ghaNA pheraphAra thayelA jovA maLe che. A navIna keLavaNImAM AnaMdazaMkara mULabhUta rIte traNa judAM judAM tattvo rahelAM che ema jaNAve che : (1) bAIbala vagere pAzcAtya dharmagraMtho (2) pAzcAtya vijJAna, sAhitya tathA dharmatattva aMgeno vicAra (3) ApaNA dezanA prAcIna dharmanA ane tattvajJAnanA graMtho navIna keLavaNImAM rahelA A traNa tattvo ekabIjA sAthe evI rIte bhaLelAM che ke e uparathI, hiMdudharma jIvaMta dazAmAM che - enA anuyAyIomAM satya jyAMthI maLe tyAMthI levAnI udAratA che ane te sAthe vaLI potAnA prAcIna dharma mATe paNa abhimAna, Adara ane potApaNAno bhAva che ema jaNAI Ave che. navIna keLavaNImAM rahelA uparokta traNeya tattvanAM pariNAma svarUpa niSkarSa tAravatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "A navIna keLavaNIe hiMduone A viSayamAM potAnA gharanI samRddhinuM bhAna karAvavAmAM dIvAnI garaja sArI che. arthAtuM, vartamAna samayamAM je joIe te emanA dharmanA avicchinna pAMca hajAra varSanA ItihAsamAMthI maLI zake ema che ema batAvyuM che." (dharmavicAra2, pR. 248) navAM dRSTibiMduoH briTiza amala daramiyAna zarU thayelI A navIna keLavaNIe hiMdu dharmanA punarutthAnamAM ghaNuM agatyanuM kAma karyuM che. jo ke, hiMdudharmamAM A keLavaNIthI koI tAttvika uthalapAthala thayelI jaNAtI nathI tethI AnaMdazaMkara tene bhASAyuganI mAphaka hiMdustAnanA punaHabhyatthAnano eka navInayuga ja gaNAve che. Ama chatAM navInayugamAM hiMduprajAmAM keTalAMka navAM dRSTibiMduo prApta thayelAM jovA maLe che. tene AnaMdazaMkara sarvagrAhI dRSTie tAravI batAve che. navInayugamAM hiMdu prajAmAM AvelAM navAM dRSTibiMduo AnaMdazaMkarane anusarI nIce mujaba vargIkRta karI zakAya : (dharmavicAra-2, pR.248 thI 2pa6) (1) aitihAsika dRSTino vikAsa (2) hiMdudharmanuM sarvagrAhI svarUpa (3) dharmanA viSayamAM sudhArAne AvakAra (4) hiMdusamAja racanAmAM parivartanano svIkAra (1) aitihAsika daSTino vikAsa : vartamAna samayamAM - pAzcAtya ane ahIMnA vidvAnonA prayAsathI ApaNA dezano For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMdudharmanuM aitihAsika avalokana 259 prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna ItihAsa prakAzamAM Avyo che. tenA pariNAme hiMdudharmanA anuyAyIonI aitihAsika dRSTi UghaDI che. rUDhi ke mAnyatA e ja dharma ke satya nathI. hiMdudharma eka sanAtana jIvaMta vRkSa che. temAM vakhaMtovakhata pheraphAra thAya che ane tene glAni (avanati) ane Rddhi (unnati) baMnenA samaya AvyA che. ema navInayugamAM prApta thayelI aitihAsika dRSTithI samajAya che. (2) hiMdudharmanuM sarvagrAhI svarUpa navInayugamAM prApta thayelI aitihAsika daSTine pariNAme - samajAvA lAgyuM ke hiMdudharmanA vividha paMtho e vastutaH eka ja mahAvRkSanI DALIo che. tenI pratyeka zAkhAmAM kAMI ne kAMI khUbI rahelI che, e sarvano paraspara avirodha ane meLa karI avalokavAmAM Ave to hiMdudharmanI samRddhatA samajI zakAya che. A ja dRSTine anusarI AnaMdazaMkara siddha kare che ke jaina, bauddha ane brAhmaNa sarva eka ja dharmanI zAkhAo che ane sarve eka ja dharmanAM judAM judAM tattvo vattAochA pramANamAM prakaTa kare che. Ama, navInayugamAM hiMdudharmanuM uparokta sarvagrAhI svarUpe pragaTa thatuM jovA maLe che. (3) dharmanA viSayamAM sudhArAne AvakAra : upara jaNAvelA sarva nAnA - moTA paMtho mULamAM khUba ja uttama hovA chatAM, te dahADe emAM saDo utpanna thayelo jovA maLe che. tethI koIpaNa paMthane enA saDA sahavartamAna sAro mAnavo e AnaMdazaMkarane mana matAMdhatA che. navInayugamAM AvI matAMdhatAno tyAga jovA maLe che. te anusAra dareka paMthanA sArA-khoTA aMzono viveka karavo joIe ane sarvamAMthI vartamAna samayamAM upayogI thAya tathA dharmanA sanAtana satya sAthe maLatuM Ave te levuM joIe evI daSTino vikAsa jovA maLe che. hiMdu samAjaracanAmAM parivartanano svIkAra : hiMdudharmanI sAthe sAMsArika rivAjo bhaLelA che. tenuM mULa kAraNa e sAMsArika rivAjomAM pavitratA sIMcavAno hetu che. tethI e rivAjomAM dezakAlAnusAra pheraphAra na ja thavo joIe ema AnaMdazaMkara svIkAratA nathI. temAM samayAnusAra parivartana thavuM joIe. te samAjanA hitamAM ja che. e rivAjo saMsAravyavahAra mATe che ema samajI emAM samayane ghaTatA pheraphAra karavAmAM hiMdudharmane koI bAdha Avato nathI evI bhAvanA janmI. navInayuganI A bhAvanAne AnaMdazaMkara e yuganI AgavI viziSTatA gaNAve che. sanAtana hiMdudharma : brAhmasamAjathI mAMDI vivekAnaMda sudhInI badhI pravRttio ekaThI karIe to paNa janasamAja para prabhAva pADavAnI dRSTie e sarva pravRttione AnaMdazaMkara bahu alpa mAne che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana temanI dRSTie sanAtana hiMdudharma hajI ApaNA dezamAM puSkaLa paLAya che. jo ke tenA svarUpamAM samayAnusAra aneka pheraphAro thatA rahyA che. tema chatAM sanAtana hiMdudharmanA keTalAka siddhAMto Aja paryaMta pramANabhUta manAya che. te siddhAMtone anusaratA AcAranI bAbatamAM keTalIka zithilatA jovA maLe che paNa tema chatAM tenuM tattva jIvaMta che ema AnaMdazaMkarano nirNaya che. A sanAtana dharmano artha AnaMdazaMkara yathArtha rIte pragaTa karI Ape che. prasthApita rUDhithI bhinna mata dharAvI dharma paratve je kaMI mAnavAmAM, kahevAmAM ke AcaravAmAM Ave te 'sanAtana dharma'nI chUTachATa che ema manAtuM hoya to AvI 'sanAtana dharma'nI vyAkhyA AnaMdazaMkarane mAnya nathI. A saMdarbhamAM sanAtana hiMdu dharma kone kahevo e aMge AnaMdazaMkara potAnA vicAro vyakta kare che. 'sanAtana' zabdano artha spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che: dyastana ke adyatana balke prAptana - gaI kAlano, Ajano ke AraMbhano - emAMthI koI paNa 'sanAtana' nahi, 'sanAtana' e ja ke je 'sanA' kahetAM nitya tAttvika rUpe nitya rahelo hoya." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.591) 66 260 A nityadharmatattva hiMdu dharmanA mahAna graMthomAMthI prApta thAya che ema AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. A sanAtana tattvo hiMdu dharmanA ItihAsamAM navAM navAM rUpa dharyA chatAM mULa svarUpe enAM e ja che. te zruti, smRti, ItihAsa, purANa vageremAM pratibiMbita thatAM jovA maLe che. mUrtipUjA, avatAranI mAnyatA, varNAzramadharma ane zrAddhanI kriyAo, tene sanAtana dharmanAM mukhya tattvo mAnavAmAM Ave che, je AnaMdazaMkara paNa mAnya rAkhe che. sanAtana dharmanA anuyAyIone AnaMdazaMkara sAmAnya rIte be vargamAM vaheMce che : (1) prAcIna mArgI jJAnI (2) ajJAnI jemAM zAstrIo, saMnyAsIo vagereno samAveza karI zakAya. jemAM gatAnugatika AjJAkArI sAmAnya lokano samAveza karI zakAya. uparokta be varga uparAMta eka trIjo varga paNa ApaNe tyAM utpanna thato jAya che. te varga hiMdustAnanA samagra ItihAsa upara dhyAna rAkhI tenuM svarUpa samajavA yatna kare che ane dezakAlane anusaratA navadehamAM paNa sanAtana hiMdu dharmanuM caitanya jIvatuM-jAgatuM jovA Icche che. gujarAtamAM zrI maNibhAI nabhubhAI dvivedI ane AnaMdazaMkaranA samagra kAryane A trIjA vargamAM mUkI zakAya ema che. teonuM mukhya kArya ApaNA dezanA dharmamAnasane anukULa hoya e rIte samAjasudhArAnI himAyata karavAnuM rahyuM che. temaNe samagra hiMdu dharma ane tattvajJAnane aitihAsika dRSTithI tapAsI tenI punarvicAraNA ane punarutthAnamAM potAno amUlya phALo Apyo che. [][] [[] For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAhityaciMtana AnaMdazaMkara eka ciMtaka hovAnI sAthe sAthe eka uttama vivecaka paNa che. dharma ane tattvajJAnamAM je dRSTie temaNe ekatA sthApI che, te ja dRSTie teo sAhitya ane tattvajJAna vacce paNa abheda darzana karAve che. "sAhityavicAra" ane "kAvyatattvavicArIe temanA sAhitya viSayaka lekhonA saMgraho che. tenA AdhAre A prakaraNamAM AnaMdazaMkaranA sAhityavicArane spaSTa karavAno prayAsa che. A prakaraNane be vibhAgamAM vibhAjita karyuM che : (1) kAvyanI vibhAvanA (2) sAhityavicAra (1) kAvyanI vibhAvanA aMgrejonI sAmrAjyavAdI nItinA virodhamAM ApaNA dezamAM sAmAjika temaja dhArmika jAgRti AvI rahI hatI. e samaye AnaMdazaMkare jagatanA vividha dharmono talasparzI abhyAsa karelo. chevaTe zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitamAM temanI apAra zraddhA baMdhAI hatI. emanA dharma ane tattvajJAna viSayaka lekhomAM teo kevalAdvaitane pUrva ane pazcimanA tattvajJAnanuM sarvocca biMdu gaNAve che. Aja dRSTibiMduthI saMskRta ane aMgrejI sAhityanuM paNa AnaMdazaMkare gahana adhyayana kareluM. zaMkarAcAryanA kevalAdvaitane anusarI kavitA-kalA viSe paNa AnaMdazaMkare ucca Adarza sevyo hato. kavi bhavabhUtino saMskRta zloka - vine devatAM vIramamRtAtminaH nAm | (uttararAmacaritaH1-1) (arthAta - "amRtasvarUpa ane AtmAnI kalA evI vAjhevIne ame pAmIe') ne anusarI AnaMdazaMkara kavitAne amRtasvarUpa, AtmAnI niHzvasita-prANa jevI caitanyanI svAbhAvika kriyA gaNAve che. (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.1) amRtasvarUpa, AtmAnI kalA ane vAjhevIrUpa kavitAnA uparokta varNananuM AnaMdazaMkara tAtparya suMdara rIte spaSTa karI Ape che. kavinuM jagata A aihika jagata jevuM nazvara nathI. aihika jagata nazvara che, eTaluM ja For Personal & Private Use Only

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262 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana nahi paNa kavinA jagata sAthe sarakhAvatAM mRtavat che ema kahIe to paNa cAle. kavinuM kArya A laukika jagatamAM pratyakSa thatAM pratibiMbonI pAchaLa rahelA 'zAzvata biMbone AlekhavAnuM che. kavitAnA samagra kSetrane AnaMdazaMkara divya darzananuM kSetra mAne che. teo kahe che : A marya lokathI para amartya jagata che, jenI matye loka chAyA che ane enI chAyA hovAthI ja ApaNane kAMIka paNa AnaMda ApI zake che. A para amRta jagatanuM bhAna karAvavAnI zakti nathI, te kavitA ja nathI." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.5). A amRta jagatanuM bhAna karAvanAra kavine AnaMdazaMkara dhrAMta kahe che. kavi e ke je vastunI pAra joI zake. A arthamAM AnaMdazaMkara kavinA kAlpanika jagatane mithyA nahi paNa satya mAne che. kahevAtA satya jagata karatAM paNa e vizeSa satya che. joke ahIM temanA kahevAno artha e nathI ke Anubhavika jagata mithyA che. pleToe kavio upara karelA AkSepone AnaMdazaMkara ayogya gaNAve che. "pleTono e siddhAMta ke "Idea' e ja kharo padArtha che ane A sthULa jagata to tenI mAtra chAyA ja che. kAvyanA tattvane paNa A ja siddhAMta lAgu paDe che. ....sAdhAraNa rIte kavinuM jagata ane ApaNuM jagata ema bheda pADavAmAM Ave che, paNa kavinuM jagata kharuM che ane ApaNuM khoTuM e daSTi bahu jAmI nathI." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR. 38) AtmAnA khAsa dharmo jevA ke caitanya, vyApana ane anekatAmAM ekatA e kavitAmAM avazya hovA joIe. vAcakane mAtra amuka hakIkatanI mAhitI ApI jAya, paNa AtmAmAM UtarI jaI aMtaranuM calanavalana vA caitanyana samatva utpanna karI zakatI nathI te AnaMdazaMkarane mana kavitA ja nathI. caitanyasabhara hovAnI sAthe kavitA Atmavat vyApanazIla hovI joIe. arthAt "piMDamAM ane brahmAMDamAM arthAt vyaktimAM ane samaSTimAM; AtmA jema buddhimAM, hRdayamAM ane kRtimAM ane e traNethI para paramAtmarUpa - svasvarUpAnuM - sandhAnamAM arthAtu dhArmikatAmAM virAjI rahelo che tema kavitA-kavitAnI uttamottama bhAvanA siddha karatI kavitA-paNa, manuSyanI buddhi (Intellectual), hRdaya (Emotional), kRti (Moral) ane antarAtmA eTale ke dhArmikatA (Religious Spiritual)nI jarUriyAto saMtoSe evI hovI joIe." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR. 5) Ama, vyApana be prakAranAM hoya che. (1) vyaktigata vyApana (2) samaSTigata vyApana. vyaktigata vyApananI uttamottama bhAvanA siddha karatI kavitA AnaMdazaMkaranA mate buddhi - Intellectual & E4 - Emotional sla - Moral dhArmikatA arthAt svasvarUpAnuM sandhAna-(Religious-Spiritual) nI jarUriyAto saMtoSa evI hovI joIe. For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAhityaciMtana 263 (2) samaSTigata vyApanamAM kavitA (1) maMDaLa vyApana (2) prajA vyApana (3) jagata vyApana ema traNa vyApanavALI hovI joIe. keTalAMka kAvyo evAM hoya che ke je amuka saMskArovALAone ja asara kare che. amuka kAvyo amuka prajAne asara karanArA hoya che. trIjA prakAranAM kAvyo jagata vyApana hoya che. A trIjo prakAra sarva jagatanA aMtarAtmAne halAvI mUkanAra vizALa pratibhAvALA mahAkaviono che. vAlmikI, vyAsa, homara, zekasapiyara, geTa vagereno AnaMdazaMkara A trIjA vargamAM samAveza kare che. Ama chatAM AnaMdazaMkara A traNe vyApanane vicchinna mAnatA nathI. temanA mate "sarve eka ja pravAhanA paraspara bhaLelA ane avicchinna ekarUpa evA taraMgo che. te jude jude rUpe, ghaDI upara ghaDI nIce, ema ramata ramatAM cAlyA jAya che." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.10) caitanya ane vyApana uparAMta kavitAmAM trIjo Atmadharma arthAt "ekamAM anekatA' ane anekatAmAM ekatA" arthAt "eka ja mukhya bindu yA sUtranI AsapAsa aneka pAtro, prasaMgo, uktio, varNano vagere racavAM, emAM kavinuM mAhAsya raheluM che. jema eka tarapha anekatA vagara vaicitrya nathI ane vaicitrya vinA AnaMda nathI, tema bIjI pAsa ekatA vagara rasano pravAharasanI jamAvaTa nathI, ane pravAha-jamAvaTa vinA tanmayatA nathI, rasa ekatA ane anekatAmAM ubhayane apekSI rahyo che." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.10) kavitAmAM vyaktigata vyApana, samaSTigata vyApana ane AtmadharmanuM hovuM eTaluM ja pUratuM nathI. vyakti ane samaSTi e baMnemAM rahyA chatAM te ubhayathI para jAya te kalA che. Ama, A e kavitAno eka dharma che. A ja saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che ke : kavitA e paramAtmAnI pratyakSa mUrti che, zabdabrahmano e AvirbhAva AtmA upara alaukika prakAza pADe che : enI jhaLahaLa jyoti jaDa ane caitanya padArthonA UMDA aMdhakArano nAza kare che. A jaDa jagatanAM UMDAM marmo kavioe prathama jaNAvyAM che...anta-guhAmAM saMtAI rahelAM aneka ajJAta sAmartho ane azaktio, sata asata vRttio ane vAsanAo, kavitAnA prakAzathI prakaTa thAya che.' (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.11) kavitAnI divya prakAzamayatA mArA bAhya ane AMtarajagatanAM ja rahasyone ajavALavAmAM samApta thatI nathI. kavitA pAse paramAtmAnI divya jyotinuM bhAna karAvavAnI For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana zakti che. eTale ja AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke : "kavi phakta kavana karanAro eTale gAnAro ja nathI, paNa "krAntadarzI- pAradarzI' che, ane je sattva e najare jue che e paramAtmAnA pratIkarUpa-mukhachAyArUpa che." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.11) eTale ja kavitAne vAgdavIrUpa-zabdabrahmarUpa kahevI yathArtha che. kAvya sAhitya: "zabdArtho sahitI #Avya - (bhAmaha)-jemAM zabda ane artha viziSTa rUpe ekabIjAnI sAthe maLelA hoya. "vAthaviva saMvRkjha' - (kAlidAsa) - zivapArvatIvatu jyAM artha ane vANI ekabIjAnA ardhAga hoya e kAvyasAhitya. kAvyanA sauMdaryanI saMpUrNatA to e ja mAgI le che ke zabda ane arthanuM sAMdhaNa najare paNa na paDe, banne maLI eka ja sauMdarya dhAraNa kare ane sauMdaryAnubhava dvArA ja jIvanane ucca karavAnI zaktinuM digdarzana AnaMdazaMkaranA mate kAvyanuM hArda che. A saMdarbhe AnaMdazaMkara yathArtha ja kahe che ke "zAstra ane vidyA manuSya buddhinA amuka khaMDane ujALe, tyAre kAvya akhaMDa vastunuM -vastunA UMDA antaramAM virAjatA divya tattvanuM - sAkSAt darzana karAve."(sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.94) bhAmaha ane kAlidAsano A kAvyAdarza AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. A saMdarbhamAM kAvyasAhityane AnaMdazaMkara sAhitya sAmAnyano AtmA gaNe che. temanA mate bhASA, ItihAsa, vijJAna, tattvajJAna saghaLAM zAstranuM paryavasAna kAvyamAM hoya che. pleTonI guphAnA udAharaNathI AnaMdazaMkara potAnA A vicArone suMdara ane yathArtha rIte samajAve che. "bahAra jatAM-AvatAM manuSyonA guphAnI bhIMte paDatA paDachAyA uparathI anumAna karavuM te zAstra ane vidyA ane guphAnA mukha sAme besIne janatAne sAkSAt nihALavI e kavidharma ane e sAkSAt darzana paNa akhaMDa vastunuM, enA amuka amuka pAsAMnuM nahi. bezaka, e akhaMDatAne kavi tarapha vaLeluM pAsuM kahevuM hoya to te judI vAta. Ama kAvya e zAstra ane vidyAthI bhinna che, chatAM sarvano vAsa manuSyanA AtmAmAM che. tethI emanI paraspara asara thayA vinA rahetI nathI." (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.94). kavitA ane bhASaNa : kavinuM kAma kalpanA gAvAnuM che, bhASaNa karavAnuM ke praznottarInA uttara devAnuM nathI. pazcimI sAhityamImAMsAmAM Poetry ane Rhetoric-kavitA ane vAgmitA vacce je bheda pADavAmAM Avyo che tene AnaMdazaMkara vadhu sUkSma ane vadhu yathArtha gaNAve che. kAraNake vAgmitA ziSTa buddhinI dalIlothI bharelI hoya to te parAthanumAna bane, kalAnuM rUpa dhAraNa karI zake nahIM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAhityaciMtana 265 tethI te barAbara arthamAM vAgmitA na kahevAya. buddhinI dalIlonI AsapAsa hRdayanI dalIlo paNa vIMTaLAyelI hoya ane te paNa kalAthI - to ja te vAgmitA Rhetoric kahevAya. jo ke ahIM AnaMdazaMkarano kahevAno artha evo nathI ke kavitAmAM vAgmitAne sthAna ja nathI. temanA mate "Rhetoric vAgmitA - e Poetry kavitAnI sevA karI zake, paNa te kavitAnuM sthAna laI zake nahIM." (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.9) kavi pAse vaktAnuM kAma levuM e AnaMdazaMkaranA mate kavine enI ucca bhUmikA uparathI utArI pADavA jevuM che. jagatanI mahAna vyaktioe emanI vAgmitAthI mAnava saMskRtinA pravAha upara asara karI che. dharmanA pravAhane ulaTAvyA che, rAjanItinAM vaheNane pheravI nAMkhyAM che, paraMtu e ja asara karavAnI kavinI rIti judI ja che. kavi bhASaNa nathI karato e to kalpanA gAya che ane e kalpanAnA gAmamAM dharma, rAjanItinAM vaheNa to zuM paNa AkhA manuSyaAtmAne - vyaktinA temaja samaSTinAne - palaTI nAkhavAnuM sAmarthya hoya che. tethI kavitAnuM kArya bhASaNathI siddha thAya nahIM. klAsikala ane romenTikanI saMkalpanAnuM vizleSaNa : saMskArI saMyama ane jIvanano ullAsa' evA eka lekhamAM AnaMdazaMkara kalAjagatanA be mahattvanA abhigamo - klAsikala ArTa ane romenTika ArTano samanvayAtmaka vicAra kare che. Classical Art yAne grIka kalAnuM svarUpa- je grIka jIvanabhAvanAnuM ja pratibiMba che, tene AnaMdazaMkara "saMskArI saMyama"nA nAme oLakhAve che. samatA-aMtano parihAra ane madhyanuM grahaNa -ne AnaMdazaMkara Classicism yAne grIka ane romana saMskRtino AtmA gaNAve che. prathama grIsa ane tyArabAda romana sAmrAjayanA patanathI sAhityamAM paNa saMskAritAne sthAne jaMgalIpaNAno yuga beTho. A jaMgalIpaNAmAMthI ja AnaMdazaMkara romenTisijhamano udaya thayelo mAne che. A aMge teo kahe che : "saMyama gayo ane svacchaMda Avyo, paNa svacchaMda Avyo tenI sAthe sAthe svataMtratA paNa AvI. te AgaLa jatAM "emancipation of the ego" vyaSTi cetananI mukti e nAme navI kalAmAM lakSaNarUpa banI. pAMDityano daMbha gayo ane jIvananI vAstavikatAnuM mUlya vadhyuM. zaheranI racanA karatAM jaMgalanI svAbhAvikatA, vADa ke dIvAlathI gherAyelA bagIcAnI suMdaratA karatAM niHsIma vananI naisargika bhavyatA vadhAre AkarSaka thaI." (sAhityavicAra(2001), pR.19) ekatAne sthAne anekatA e paNa navA jIvananuM khAsa lakSaNa hatuM. pariNAme jIvananuM svarUpa palaTAtAM, klAnuM svarUpa paNa palaTAyuM. kalAnA A palaTAyelA svarUpane AnaMdazaMkara For Personal & Private Use Only

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266 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana "jIvanano ullAsa" e nAme oLakhAve che. moTe bhAge kalAsikala eTale kRtrima ane romenTika eTale svAbhAvika evo bheda pADavAmAM Ave che. AnaMdazaMkara AvA bhedane pakSapAtapUrNa gaNAve che. kalAsikala kalAnA vAstavika ucca svarUpathI romenTika kalAnA vAstavika ucca svarUpano zo bheda che e ja kharI rIte vicAravAnuM che. A bheda "DI mAra" - (D_Maar) nIce pramANe darzAve che : "Romantic literature is that which joins a sense of mystery, wonder and curiosity as well as individuality in form and thought, to ornamental language and technique; classic literature is that which joins a sense of self-control and poise, as well as conventionality in form and thought, to clarity of language and technique. The romantic character of art consists in the addition of strangeness to beauty. The classic character of art consists in the addition of restraint and flawlessness to beauty. The essential element of the romantic spirit is curiosity joined to a love of beauty. Romantic poets are often at the mercy of their inspiration; classic poets are mostly the masters of their inspiration. Classic literature embodies the repose of the world; romantic literature the restlessness of the world. A classic work of art is like a Greek temple; it stands or falls by its perfect fitness in the relations of its parts to the whole; it is right as a whole and has due proportions as a whole. A romantic work of art is like a Gothic cathedral; it impresses not by its mass effect, but by its detail and variety." (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR. 23). AnaMdazaMkara bhAratIya alaMkArazAstranA saMdarbhamAM kalAsikala ane romenTikanA bhedanuM viziSTa rIte vizleSaNa kare che. bhAratIya alaMkAragraMthomAM bhAmaha kAvyane "zabdArtho sahita kAvyam " kahe che. zabda ane artha e be maLIne kAvya bane che. zabda ane arthanI AvI saMlagnatA ja kAvya che. ahIM zabdano mahimA che teTalo ja arthano mahimA che. kAvyamAM meTara ane phorma - vastu ane AkRti banne mahattvanAM che. A baMnemAM eTale ke vastu ane AkRtimAM paraspara saMvAda hoya te - harmony te kalAsikala. paraMtu A saMvAdanI darakAra karyA vagara kevaLa udrakane ja lakSamAM levAmAM Ave te romenTika. AvuM AnaMdazaMkaranuM kalAsikala ane romenTika aMgenuM maMtavya che. AnaMdazaMkara ene potAnI paribhASAthI maMDita kare che. kalAsikalane te "saMskArI saMyama' ane romenTikane te jIvanano ullAsa' tarIke nAmAbhidhAna kare che. A emanuM kalAsikala ane romenTika baMne paraMparAnuM viziSTa vizleSaNa che. te temanI vaicArika sarjanazIlatA ane mULagAmI daSTibodhano saMketa Ape che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate kalAsikala ane romenTikanA be judA judA cokA thaI zake For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAhityaciMtana 267 (2) ema nathI. kalAsikalamAM romenTikanI lahera ane romenTikamAM kalAsikalanI lahera vyApya thayelI jovA maLe che. A mATe teo kAlidAsanA zAkuntalanuM udAharaNa Ape che. teo jaNAve che ke "zakuntalAno janma ane AzramamAM uchera romenTika che, A "vanalatA'nuM rAjA sAthe paraNavuM e paNa evuM ja romenTika che. paNa zakuntalAnuM rUpavarNana kalAsikala saMyamano namUno che. zakuntalAnA prasthAna samayanuM dazya romenTika che, paNa kasvanI manodazA ane vartananuM varNana kalAsikala saMyamanI bhavyatA dRSTigocara kare che. pAMcamo aMka Akho kalAsikala che. sAtamo paNa judI rIte e ja prakArano che, paNa kazyapanA AzramamAMthI kaNvano Azrama jotAM, ane UbhA rahI AraMbha upara daSTi nAkhatAM, AkhI vastu eka kalAsikala kalAno romAnsa thaI rahe che." (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.24,25) uparokta samagra carcAne aMte AnaMdazaMkara temanA sAhityavicAramAM sAhityanI traNa mArmika saMkalpanAo rajU kare che : (1) sAhityamAtra AnaMdalakSI che. saMskArI saMyama dvArA te pragaTa thAya ke jIvananA ullAsa dvArA. | uttama kAvya e saMskRtinA saMyama ane jIvananA ullAsa-bannenI samatAnI nIpaja che. (3) A mATe jarUra zabda ane arthanA saMzleSanI temaja saMyama ane ullAsanA saMzleSanI che. romenTisijhamanuM tAttvika svarUpa uparokta taphAvatane AdhAre romenTisijhamanuM tAttvika svarUpa AnaMdazaMkara nIce mujaba tArave che : (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.24) "(1) gotha vagere jaMgalI prajAnA romana sAmrAjyano ane enI saMskRtino vinAza thatAM je navo yuga prarvatyo enuM jIvana rAmenTika sAhityano mukhya viSaya che. pachI, samAnadharmanyAye e yuganA jIvananuM tAttvika svarUpa-eno sUkSmadeha - jemAM jaNAya e saghaLuM jIvana romenTika sAhityano viSaya bane che. (2) navuM jIvana jussAdAra hatuM. te jIrNa kalAnAM temaja nItinAM baMdhano toDI AgaLa dhasatuM cAlyuM. tethI kalAnI ke nItinI bedarakArI ane jIvananI jIvana tarIke kadara e romenTika sAhityanuM bIjuM pradhAna lakSaNa che. AthI, jIvananI bharapUratA, vividhatA, vicitratA, navInatA, adbhutatA, agamyatA, gUDhatA - e saghaLAM romenTika kalAnA For Personal & Private Use Only

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268 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana pradezamAM Ave che ane te enA lakSaNabhUta dharmo che. emAMthI vRttino vega, svacchanda, dhAbdarya, baMDa, praNAlIbhaMga-kalAmAM ke nItimAM e paNa evA ja bIjA lakSaNabhUta dharmono samUha che." 222-1 zuuhdl : (Relativity) rasa (Subjective) vAcakanA hRdayamAM rahelo che, tema e vastugata (Objective) paNa che; arthAt e sarvathA kAlpanika hoI vAcakanA hRdayanI apekSA kare che ema nathI; kintu vastugata che, paNa vastugata hoIne paNa e sarvane sarvakALe ane sarvasthaLe pratIta thAya ema hotuM nathI. teTalA mATe AnaMdazaMkara rasane sApekSa (Relative) kahe che. rasazAstranA siddhAMtomAM jovA maLatA sAMkaDA ane jaDa vicArone AnaMdazaMkara ayogya TharAve che. jo ke sApekSanA siddhAMtano artha AnaMdazaMkara evo nathI karatA ke saghaLI kRtio sarakhI che. "nAnI ke moTI ghaNI kRtio bhoktAne samayavizeSa, prasaMgavizeSa ane mananI amuka sthitimAM AnaMda ApI zake che. jo ke e kRtionI sarasAIno tAratamya, rasAnukUla vastunI yojanA vagere kalAnAM tattvo upara AdhAra rAkhe che. Ama hoI, kRtionI vastugata (Objective) sarasAI lupta thatI nathI ane te ja sAthe bhoktA vividha kRtimAM AnaMda laI zake che. (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.28, 29). Ama, alaga alaga kAvyomAM jude samaye ane judI judI hRdaya ane mananI sthitimAM AnaMda AvI zake che. A AnaMda levAnI zakti utpanna karavI ane vadhAravI jene AnaMdazaMkara rasavRttinI keLavaNI kahe che. A keLavaNIthI paraspara viruddha dharmovALI kRtiomAMthI paNa AnaMda levAnuM zakya bane che. A pramANe rasavRttinI udAratA keLavavAthI ApaNo sAhityano AnaMda ApaNe dviguNa karI zakIe chIe. kavitA ane upadeza dharma ane nIti AtmAnI unnati sAdhanArAM tattvo che. AnaMdazaMkara dharma ane nItine rasa ke zuddhaAnaMdane rasAbhAsanI kakSAe pahoMcato aTakAvavA mATenA be baLa tarIke svIkAre che. A saMdarbhamAM jagatanAM mahAna kAvyo viSe potAno mata vyakta karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "jagatanAM mahAna kAvyo to te ja gaNAyAM che ke jeNe manuSyano jIvanapatha ujALyo che, enI saMskRtine unnata bhAvanAthI poSI che, dIpAvI che, eka pagaluM ene AgaLa bharAvyuM che." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.114). jo ke upadezane AnaMdazaMkara kavitAnuM pradhAna lakSaNa mAnatA nathI. temanA mate jemAMthI jIvananA svarUpanA prayojana saMbaMdhe kAMI ja upadeza prApta na thAya ane mAtra jIvananuM citra ja For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAhityaciMtana 269 AlekhAyeluM hoya evuM kAvya jagatanA mahAna mahAkAvyanI zreNImAM AvI zakatuM nathI - tathApi e kAvya to gaNAya ja che. paraMtu je kAvya pradhAnapaNe upadeza ja kare che ane jIvananA svarUpanuM Alekhana karatuM nathI te kAvya to kAvyanA nAmane ja pAtra nathI. nItino upadeza karavo ke jIvananA koyaDA ukelavA e kAma sarasatAno bhaMga karyA vagara paNa banI zake to karavuM. paNa jIvananA mahAprazno enuM nirAkaraNa karyA vagara paNa- enI saMpUrNa vikaTatAmAM pragaTa karavA ane e rIte jIvananuM gAMbhIrya anubhavavuM-e AnaMdazaMkaranA mate kavinuM mukhya kartavya che. (2) sAhityavicAra (1) sAhitya ane jIvana (2) sAhitya ane bhASA (3) sAhitya ane vivecana (4) sAhitya ane rASTra (1) sAhitya ane jIvana jIvana eTale zuM ? A eka tAttvika praznathI AnaMdazaMkara sAhitya ane jIvananA saMbaMdhanI mAMgaNI kare che. jIvanano saMdarbha manuSya sAthe che. eTale prazna manuSya zuM che ?teno che. 'mananAr manuSya: I' - manuSya te che je manana kare che. je potAnA ane anyanA manane samajavA mATe UMDo Utare te manuSya. kavi pAse paNa A mananazIlatA apekSita che. kavie bAhya temaja aMtaranA paDa ukelIne vAMcavA joIe. jIvananA traNa paDa che. tene AdhAre AnaMdazaMkara jIvananA traNa prakAra pADe che : (1) tatkAlInajIvana (2) ciraMtana jIvana, (3) sanAtana jIvana. (1) tatkAlIna jIvana : jyAM kevaLa sapATI upara ja dRSTi pharatI hoya. kavi A sapATI uparanA jIvanane saraLatAthI grahaNa karI zake che. jIvananI A sapATI uparanI citrAvalI tenI paricitatAne kAraNe ApaNane AnaMda Ape. ahIM kevaLa jIvananI mAhitI ja hoya che. e sapATI upara vahetuM jIvana che. (2) ciraMtana jIvana : ciraMtana jIvana e dIrghakALa sudhI TakI rahetuM jIvana che. manuSyanA sAmAnyabhAvo ane tenA vizALa jJAnathI e bhareluM hoya che. e lAMbA kALa sudhI TakI zake evI sAhitya racanA karatuM hoya che. AvuM sAhitya yugo sudhI cAle che eTaluM ja nahi tenA baLe anya yuga ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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270 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana tenI saMskRtine samajI zakAya che. AvI kRtio rasajJanA hRdaya para rAjya karatI hoya che. temAM cosara, zeksapiyara vagerene laI zakAya. (3) sanAtana jIvana : jIvananA atala UMDANane joIne, ukelIne je jIvana vyakta thAya che te pAramArthika sanAtana jIvana che. A sanAtana sAhitya che. sAmAnya mAnava ane tenA svabhAvane AlekhatAM sAhitya karatAM e vadhAre UMDuM ane mAnavajIvananA parama puruSArtha, parama hetune te sparze che. AthI te vadhu kiMmatI che. sanAtana jIvananuM sAhitya e zuSka tAttvika vicAraNA nathI. A saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe che ke : "vAcakane paramArthanI vyaMjanA karavAnI sAthe enI rasavRttinuM paNa saMtoSa, AlAda Ape tevuM te hovuM joIe. vyAsa ane vAlmikInAM mahAbhArata ane rAmAyaNa e A trIjI uccatama koTinA graMtho che." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.127) jIvananA A traNa vibhAgane anulakSIne mAnavanA jIvananI bAhya AMtara sthitionA vizleSaNa pachI AnaMdazaMkara sAhityanA amRtanuM sarjana kayAM thAya che tenI zodha kare che. kAraNa A biMdu ja sAhitya ane jIvanane joDatuM biMdu che. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate: "kSobha-maMthana-vigraha e vinA kharI zAMti nathI ane zAMti vinA sAhitya nathI. Ama, kSobha ane zAMti ubhaya paraspara viruddha dIsatAM kAraNomAMthI sAhityanAM amRta nIkaLe che. jaDa, jarjara jIvanano nAza e jIvananA punarullAsa mATe Avazyaka che. pAna khare che tyAre ja navI kUMpaLo phUTe che. Ama, jIvananI viSamatA e sAhityanI mAtA bane che." (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.74) sAhityanA vikAsa mATe e jarUrI che ke viSamatA ane kSobha hoya. jyAM sudhI mANasa potAnA mULiyAnI AsapAsa rahelI jaDatAne khaMkherato nathI tyAM sudhI jIvanavRkSano vikAsa kuMThita thato rahe che. e sAcuM che ke kSobha vinA gati nathI ane gati vinA vikAsa nathI. janamAnasanuM hRdaya, teno AtmA koIpaNa ucca bhAvanAthI kSubdha thato nathI tyAM sudhI temAM gati AvatI nathI ane gati vinA vikAsa saMbhavato nathI. Ama jeTalo hRdayano vikAsa thAya tevo ane teTalo ja sAhityano vikAsa thAya che. jIvaMta hRdaya bAhya asarone jhIlavA tene grahaNa karavA samartha hoya che. bAhya asarathI aspRzya rahenAra tenI jIvaMtatAnI nizAnI Apato nathI paNa tenI nirjIvatAnI nizAnI cokkasa Ape che. Ama, bAhya asaronA saMparkamAM rahI e asarone jIvananA rasAyaNamAM parivartita karavAno prayAsa e sAhitya ane jIvanano anubaMdha che. sAhitya ane bhASA: - sAhityanI bhASA kevI hovI joIe te aMge sAhitya pariSadamAM mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe potAnA vicAro spaSTa karatAM jaNAveluM ke "sAhitya gAmaDe gAmaDe eTale ke janatAnA abhaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAhityaciMtana 271 varga sudhI pahoMcI zake te ja sAhitya uttama". A prazna viSe potAnA vicAro vaividhyavAdI che tema jaNAvI gAMdhIjInA matanI samIkSA karatAM AnaMdazaMkare kaheluM : manuSyano sAhityarasa enA saMskAra sAthe saMkaLAyelo hoya che ane saMskRtinI je bhUmikA ke koNamAM e vase che te bhUmikA ane koNane anurUpa sAhitya enI rasavRttine sparza che. gAmaDAMne 'janapada' kahIne ApaNA pUrvajoe gAmaDAMnI yogya kadara karI che ke gAmaDAM ja ApaNI janatAnuM kharuM sthAna che, paraMtu te sAthe gAmaDAMnI vastune "grAmya' kahIne ene saMskRtinI bhUmikAmAM UtaratI gaNI che e paNa eTaluM ja yathArtha che. Ama hoI prajAnI uttama saMskRtinI bhUmikAe vasanAranA hRdayane sparzI zake evuM sAhitya gAmaDAMnI janatAnI rasavRttine paNa jagADe e banavuM muzkela che. paNa je ucca saMskArI sAhitya saMskRtinI UMcI bhUmikAnA janone AnaMda Ape che e ja sAhitya amuka rUpamAM gAmaDAMnA prAkRtajanone paNa pahoMcADI zakAya che. AnuM tattvajJAnanA viSayamAM eka uttama udAharaNa vedAMta che. je vedAMta zaMkare ucca saMskArIjanone grAhya rUpamAM prakaTa karyuM, e ja kAMIka rUpAMtarathI bhASAyugamAM kabIra vagere saMtoe lokagrAhya banAvyuM. Ano sAra e ke gAMdhIjI saghaLuM sAhitya gAmaDAnA loka samajI zake evuM hovuM joIe ema Agraha na karI zake. (A kevaLa zabdano prazna nathI, paNa arthano ane rasano paNa che.) paNa keTaluMka UMcuM sAhitya enA sAdA rUpamAM ene mUkIne gAmaDAMnA lokone pahoMcADI zakAya. paNa sAthe sAthe gAmaDAmAM zALAnI keLavaNI vistAravAno prayatna pUrajozathI calAvavo joIe. sAhityane grAmya karavAthI nahi, paNa grAmane sAhityanI bhUmikAe caDhAvavAthI ja A praznano kharo ane kAyamano nikAla thaI zakaze." (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.170,171) gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA dazamAM adhivezananA pramukha rA.bhUlAbhAIe potAnA vyAkhyAnamAM "sAhityanI bhASA sAdI hovI joIe-- evo mata prakaTa karela. tenI samIkSA karI sAhityanI bhASA viSe potAnA vicAro spaSTa karatAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che : "bhASA vicAra, bhAva, vastu ane prasaMgane anukULa hovI joIe. kArbAIla yathArtha kahe che ke bhASA e bahAranAM lUgaDAM nathI ke je paherAya ane kaDhAya, e to zarIranI cAmaDI che ke je zarIra thakI chUTI paDI zake ja nahi. vicAranI daridratA ke kSudratA DhAMkavA mATe ADaMbarI bhASAno prayoga aniSTa che, paNa "DijharTeDa vileja'nI bhASAmAM "pereDAIjha losTa' lakhAya nahi. rA.bhUlAbhAI milTanathI Tenisana sudhInI bhASAmAM sAdAI tarapha valaNa jue che. paraMtu valaNa e mAtra ItihAsa yAne banelI hakIkata che, zuM hovuM joIe eno siddhAMta e thakI baMdhAto nathI. 'vikAra opha vekaphilDa" ke "guDa necarDamena' karatAM vartamAna aMgrejI navalakathAo ane nATakonI bhASA vadhAre sAdI che athavA to e sAdAInA kAraNathI zeksapiyara karatAM golDasmitha ke milTana karatAM Tenisana, ke zelI karatAM skaoNTa caDhe evA vidhAno bhAgye ja koI For Personal & Private Use Only

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272 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana karaze. joke ame e to mAnIe chIe ke yuga yuganA zokha judA judA hoya che. vyaktinI pasaMdagI judA judA kavio upara paDe che, balka eka ja sahRdayane judA judA prasaMge ane judI judI mAnasika sthitimAM judA judA prakAranAM kAvyo, nATako, vArtAo, nibaMdho vAMcavAnuM game che. tethI koI paNa amuka kRtinA bhAva Adi saMbaMdhamAM enI bhASAnI yogyAyogyatAno vicAra karavAne badale bhASA sAdI ja hovI joIe evuM ekAntika matadarzana bhrama utpanna kare evuM che." (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.1pa6,157) sAhitya ane vivecanaH mAnavajIvananA atala pANInA jharA koI khAnagI kUvAmAMthI UbhA thatA nathI. temAM aMtaramAM rahelI vyApaka kAlAtIta kavitA paDelI hoya che. te alaga asaMbaddha saMzodhanono saMcaya nathI, paraMtu zAzvatInuM darzana hoya che. je ciMtanazIla mAnasanA sahakAranuM phaLa hoya che ane tenI racanA anAdikALathI sarjAtI Ave che. AvA kAvya sarjano mATe UMcI jAtanA vivecanazAstranI jarUra che. te dvArA kavitAnA sauMdaryano upabhoga bhAvakane karAvI zakAya. AnaMdazaMkara sahRdaya bhAvakanA cAra prakAro varNave che : (1) arocakI - jene kazuM catuM ja nathI. (2) satRNAvyavahArI - evA ke je ghAsa suddhAM game te khAI jAya. AnaMdazaMkara A baMnene avivecaka kahe che. (3) matsarI-eTale doSadarzI (4) tattvAbhinivezI - kharA tattva upara citta lagADanArA. A chellA varganA sahRdaya bhAvaka ja sAhitya mATe vizeSa vivecana mATe upakAraka che. ucca vivecana prakriyA sArAsAragrAhI hovI ghaTe. vivecaka vidagdha paNa hovo joIe. kavinA rasAtmAne pichANanAro hovo joIe. AnaMdazaMkaranA mate - "kavi jayAM sudhI potAnA kAvyano vivecaka na thAya ane vivecaka kavinuM hRdaya anubhavavA pUrato kavi na thAya, tyAM sudhI kAvya Atmazuddhi prApta na kare ane vivecana marmagrAhI na bane." (sAhityavicAra, pR.65) Ama, vivecakamAM vivekabharI rasavRtti hovI joIe. AnaMdazaMkara vivecananA pAMca prakAra gaNAve che : (1) racanAne AdhAre kalA ane sAhityanA tattvanuM anveSaNa karavuM. (2) sAhityanA prakArane AdhAre enAM svarUpalakSaNa bAMdhavAM. (3) kRtinA guNadoSane avalokavA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAhityaciMtana 273 (4) mAtra kRtinA sUkSmasvarUpane UMDANathI samajavAno yatna karavo. (5) svAnubhavarasika vivecana jemAM nijAnaMda mATe ja sAhityakRtinuM nirIkSaNa karavuM. Ama aneka rIte vivecana thaI zake che. Ama chatAM AnaMdazaMkarane abhipreta evo vivecaka tattvAbhinivezI hovo joIe. sAhitya ane rASTraH jIvananA sanAtana satyo prakaTa karavAM e jema kavikarma che, evI ja rIte prajAnI bhAvanAo ane AkAMkSAone vANI ApavI e paNa kavikarma che. phrenca ItihAsakAra TeIna kahe che ke koI paNa kavi kaI prajAno che (race) eno yuga kayo che (epoch) ane enI paristhiti zI che (surroundings), e kaho, eTale enI kavitAnuM svarUpa huM tamane bhAkhI ApIza. sAcI hakIkata to e che ke yugane daSTA ane graSTA-yugaprakAzaka ane yugapravartaka evA kavinI jarUra che. yugane Atmadarzana karAvanAra kavi joIe che. kavi ja jIvananI samAlocanA karI tene vizuddha banAve che. paraMtu sAhitya janasamAjanI sevA arthe racAyelI kRtio nathI. AthI enI kiMmata janasamAjane thatA lAbha pUratI AMkavI na joIe. saMsArane DAhyo karavo e sAhityakAranuM mukhya kartavya nathI, paNa e AnuSaMgika lAbha che. rASTrIya lAbhAlAbhanA dhoraNe sAhitya ke kavitAnI mulavaNI thaI zake nahIM. kavinuM kavitva niHzaMkapaNe rASTrIyatvathI svataMtra che. Ama chatAM te rASTrIyatane upakAraka che. rASTranA dehanA punardhaTana mATe rASTranA jaraTha AtmAne navapallavita karavo, tenAmAM caitanyano saMcAra karavo e kavi sArI rIte karI zake che. kavi ApaNA jIvanamAM niHzabda unnati kare che. kavi jema rASTra mATe, rASTranI unnati mATe nizabda prayAsa kare che tema rASTrajIvana paNa sAhitya mATe upakAraka che. kAraNa AnaMdazaMkaranA mate "ubhaya eka ja manuSya-AtmAmAM ane eka ja janasamAjamAM UgatAM ane prasaratAM hoI, teono Avo Attara ane nikaTa saMbaMdha che- ATaluM nirvivAda svIkAravuM joIe." (kAvyatattvavicAra, pR.70) paraMtu AnaMdazaMkara kevaLa rASTraprema mATe ja kavitA hovI joIe evuM svIkAratA nathI. tenAM kAraNo AnaMdazaMkara nIce pramANe Ape che : (1) prazna e che ke sarvocca sthAne virAjatI kavitAne dunyavI vaLagaNomAM kema bAMdhI zakAya? (2) rASTrabhAvanAthI maMDita hoya te ja sAhityakRti ema svIkArI zakAya nahIM. vAstavamAM svataMtra rIte paNa kRtine kRti tarIke jovI joIe. For Personal & Private Use Only

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274 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (3) samagra sAhitya pravRtti kevaLa eka ja hetumAM bAMdhavI e kavinI svataMtratA upara, tenI sarjanazIlatA para paDato moTo kuThArAghAta che. e vAstavamAM samudrane bAMdhavAnI vAta che. sAhityanA utkarSa mATenAM sAdhanoH AnaMdazaMkara prazna kare che ke sAhitya aneka jaNa ekaThA maLIne utpanna karI zake evo padArtha che kharo? e svayaMbhU utpanna thatI kalA ane zakti manuSyanA hAthamAM AvI che kharI? Ano spaSTa paNe hA ke nA mAM javAba Apavo zakya nathI. e svaupArjita che. ema kahIe to tenuM pRthakkaraNa ane tenuM mizraNa kaI rIte thAya che te hajI sudhI manuSyane siddha thayuM nathI. A arthamAM sAhitya pariSada jevA sarva prayatno A kArya mATe nakAmA che. paraMtu Ane bIjI rIte vicArIe to sAhityane ugADanAra, tenuM upArjana karanAra AtmA che. have A AtmAmAM sAhityanuM caitanya pragaTAvavuM e manuSyanAM potAnA hAthamAM che ? Ano paNa uttara hA ke nA mAM Apavo zakya nathI. sAhitya janasamAjanA caitanyanuM vADmaya zarIra che. tene samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara lakhe e sthUla zarIranA aMtaramAM janasamAjanI vAsanAonuM baneluM sUkSma zarIra (liMgadeha) raheluM che. jema skUla zarIranA vyApAra vAsanAtmaka sUkSma zarIra upara asara kare che (sadAcArathI savRtti ane durAcArathI duvRtti baMdhAya che) tema kITakabhramaranyAye sUkSma zarIra upara asara kare che-ane A rIte e be zarIra vacce-sAhitya ane jana-samAjanI vAsanAo vaccekAryakAraNabhAvano saMbaMdha che." (sAhityavicAra(2001), pR.131) A saMbaMdhane dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM sAhityanA utkarSa mATe bAhya zarIranA saMskAro karatAM janasamAjanA aMtargata mULiyAne poSavA pravRtta thavuM joIe. A mATe janahRdaya pAse koI ucca bhAvanAnI tarasa hovI jarUrI che. A tarasa vagara, A taDapa vagara gati kema Ave ? eTale janahRdayano jeTalo vikAsa teTalo ja enA sAhityano vikAsa evA samIkaraNanI ApaNane pratIti thayA vagara rahetI nathI. A pratIti bahAranI asarane AtmasAt karyA vinA janahRdayamAM zakti ane kSamatAno saMcAra karI zake nahi. Ama sAhitya bAhya paristhitithI nirlepa rahI kadI phUlIphAlI zake nahIM. bAhya paristhitine sAhitya potAnA aMtaraMgathI eka vilakSaNa rUpa Ape che. A vilakSaNatA ja sAhityanA utkarSa mATe atyaMta mahattvanuM ghaTaka che. uparokta ciMtana pachI sAhityanA utkarSa mATe AnaMdazaMkara nIcenA cAra muddA tArave che ane sAhityanA utkarSa mATe te mahattvanA paNa che : (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.133 thI 134) For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAhityaciMtana 275 (1) janasamAjanI vAsanAone vadhAre vividha, vizALa, UMDI ane udAtta banAvavI joIe. ahIM mukhya muddo athavA mukhya mahattva janasamAjanI vAsanAonI khIlavaNIno che. A khIlavaNI pratibhA dvArA rasAI hoya evA sAhityanA sarjanane vikasAvavAthI sAhityano utkarSa thaze. ApaNA sAhityanuM bIjuM poSakabaLa ApaNA dezanuM prAcIna sAhitya ane ApaNo prAcIna ItihAsa che. premAnaMdanA samaya karatAM ApaNA samayamAM prAcIna sAhityanuM jJAna ghaNuM vadhyuM che chatAM e jJAna joIe tevuM phaLadrupa nIvaDyuM nathI, enA kAraNarUpa AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA prAcIna sAhitya paratve ApaNI mamatva buddhinI maMdatAne jaNAve che. kaccha, kAThiyAvADa ane gujarAtanI vividha jUnI daMtakathAo, vArtAo, gIto, kahevato temaja judI judI jJAtionI utpatti, parAkrama vagerenA kharA khoTA paurANika ane sAMpradAyika hevAlo - sarvane ekaThA karI prasiddha karavA tene AnaMdazaMkara ApaNA sAhityanA utkarSanuM khUba ja agatyanuM sAdhana mAne che. ApaNA sAhityanuM trIjuM poSakabaLa AnaMdazaMkara pazcimI dezonA mahAna graMthonA bhASAMtaromAMthI lAvavAnuM kahe che. grIsa, roma, iMgleMDa, phrAnsa, jarmanI, spena, ITAlI vagere bhUminA sAhityonI upekSA e vartamAna samayamAM koIpaNa jIvaMta prajAne lAbhakArI nathI. ahIM "sAhitya' zabdanA arthamAM AnaMdazaMkara ItihAsa, caritra, tattvajJAna vagereno paNa samAveza kare che. sAhityanA pradezamAM jovA maLatI kUpamaMDUpatA dUra thavI joIe evo AnaMdazaMkarano mata che. janasamAjanI keLavaNI ane ucca vargano sAhitya viSayaka prema e paNa AnaMdazaMkaranA mate sAhityane poSanArAM mahAna sAdhano bane che. bahoLo vAcaka varga e graMthakArane uttejanarUpa che. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa keLavAyeluM janasamAjanuM hRdaya sAhitya pratye tRSAthI UchaLe che tyAre sAhitya pote potAnI meLe rUpa dharI le che. Ama, sAhityarUpI vanalatAne phaLaphUlathI samRddha banAvavA mATe joItA pRthvInA rasakasa te AnaMdazaMkarane mana janasamAjanI vAsanAo che. eTale enuM poSaNa temanA mate sarvathA ApaNI zaktinI bahAra nathI. A vicAro vyakta karatAM rUpakAtmakabhASAmAM AnaMdazaMkara kahe che ke, "jema pAMdaDAM upara pANI copaDavAthI vRkSa phAlatuM nathI, phAlavA mATe to enA mULiyAMmAM khAtara-pANIno praveza thavo joIe. tema sAhitya-vRkSanA vikAsa mATe paNa enA bAhya zarIra upara jeTalA saMskAra karIzuM teTalA ghaNe bhAge nakAmA che, enA mULiyAMne sparza kare -janasamAjanI vAsanAone poSe evAM poSaNabaLo pravartAvavAM joIe." (sAhityavicAra (2001), pR.131). (4) For Personal & Private Use Only

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276 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana sAhityanuM pariSadanuM kArya : gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada navamAM adhivezanamAM naDiyAdamAM ApelA pramukhIya bhASaNamAM AnaMdazaMkare sAhitya pariSadanAM kArya viSe potAnA vicAro vyakta karyA che. temanA mate sAhitya pariSada e mAtra vitaMDA nathI, paNa jIvananAM aneka kSetro sAthe tene pratyakSa saMbaMdha che. jJAna ane karmanA samanvayane AnaMdazaMkara sAhitya pariSadanA saMgIna kArya tarIke gaNAve che. ahIM sAhityasRSTinA AnaMdazaMkara be bhAga pADe che : (1) saMsthAo dvArA utpanna thato jJAnarAzi (2) naisargika rIte kavipratibhAmAMthI maLato rasapravAha A bemAMthI rasapravAhane AnaMdazaMkara sahaja mAne che. kAraNake te prayatnapUrvaka utpanna karI zakAya nahi, paNa sAhityane lagatI jJAnarAzine teo prayatnapUrvaka racI zakAya evI mAne che. tenA sarjanathI rasapravAhane paNa saMvardhI zakAya che. sAhityAdi kalAonuM saMsthIkaraNa karavAthI kharuM UMcuM sAhitya maLatuM nathI, paNa tene saMvardhI zakavAnI zakyatA vadhI jAya che. tethI sAhitya pariSade A kArya yogya rIte upADavuM joIe. D B | For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananuM vivecana bhAratIya darzanano AnaMdazaMkare darzAvelo ciMtanakrama vizeSa vicAra mAgI le che. emanA mate bhAratIya bauddhika ciMtanano AraMbha zrutithI thayo. A zrutinI asara nIce ja sAMkhyayoga vikasyA ane nyAyadarzanamAM tarkapradhAnatAne sthAna maLyuM. paraMtu sAMkhya-yoga ane nyAya-vaizeSikamAM udbhavatI tAttvika muzkelIonA khulAsA mATe zruti AdhArita vedAMtadarzana prApta thayuM. zrutimAM paDelA vicArabIjo vedAMtamAM vaicArika paripakvatAne prApta thayAM evuM AnaMdazaMkara mAne che. Ama AnaMdazaMkaranA mate bhAratIya ciMtananI parisamApti niHzaMkapaNe vedAMtadarzanamAM prApta thAya che. prazna e che ke A prakArano vicArakrama vicAranI gatine nakkI kare che eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu tenA hetune paNa nakkI kare che, ane tenuM vaicArika prakSepaNa kare che. A prakArano vicArakrama e eka prakAranI zreNIracanA che, je mULamAM vicAra svAtaMtryane InkAre che. vicAra vaividhyane gauNa temaja nimnavartI mAne che. vedAMtadarzanamAM parisamApta A prakAranI vicArazreNInI racanA e vicAra ane vicArasAmarthya bannenuM vigalana kare che. Avo prayatna bhAratIya ciMtanamAM prasthApita thayela parasparanA khaMDana-maMDana vyApAranuM sUkSma rIte ane salUkAIthI nirasana kare che. bhAratIya vicAra paraMparAnI jIvaMtatA tenA sakriya vArtAlApomAM che. paraMtu A vicArazreNInI racanA, A vArtAlAponI zakayatAno InkAra kare che. sAcI vicAramukti mATe e jarUrI che ke parasparanA vicAronA AdAna-pradAna mATenI muktatA ke svataMtratA, vaicArika rIte vicAranI ADazamAM chInavAI na jAya ane parasparanA vaicArika sAmarthyane nANIne potAnI vicAra paraMparAne vadhu pariSkRta ane puSTa banAve. ciMtananA vikAsa mATe vicAra svAtaMtryano svIkAra bhAratIya ciMtana paraMparAnI sAcI oLakha mATe anivArya che. ApaNe ahIM namrapaNe kahevuM joIe ke AnaMdazaMkarano vedAMtadarzana pratyeno vaicArika anugraha bhAratIya vicAra svAtaMtryane jhaMkhavANuM pADavA mATe javAbadAra bane che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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278 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana (2) AnaMdazaMkara avikRta Atmatatvano svIkAra kare che. ajJAnathI khaMDita thayela caitanyano InkAra karI akhaMDa caitanyano svIkAra kare che. A akhaMDa caitanya vAstavika che eTaluM ja nahIM tenI anubhUti paNa zakya che. A anubhUti jJAnAtmaka ane astitvalakSI che. tyAM asti' ane 'bhAti' banne ekarUpa che. jIvabhAva ke avidyAne kAraNe "asti' ane 'bhAti'nuM yogya svarUpa joI zakAtuM ke anubhavI zakAtuM nathI. Ama, AnaMdazaMkara evo mata dharAve che ke, jIvanuM jIvapaNuM enuM ja nAmAMtara avidyA che ane A avidyAnuM pratIta thavuM emAM ja jIvanuM jIvapaNuM che. arthAt banne sahaastitva dharAvatA ane sahavartI che. A jIvadRSTi e ja jagatadaSTi-vyavahArika jagata ane tenA anubhavo- che. Ama jagatavyavahArikatA A saMdarbhamAM manajanita ke jIvajanita che. Ama jagata-vyavahArika jagatajIva ke avidyAne kAraNe astitva dharAve che. jagatanI vAstavikatA A saMdarbhamAM manajanita ke jIvajanita che. tenuM mukhya kendra vyaktitA che. A vyaktitA kevI rIte UbhI thaI teno uttara e che ke te "anAdi che. prazna e che ke A arthaghaTana che ke vAstavikatA che? jo e arthaghaTana hoya to tenuM baMdhAraNa ke mALakhuM, temaja kArya samajAvI zakAya. ane te AnaMdazaMkara samajAve paNa che. paraMtu jo te vAstavikatA hoya to A vAstavikatAnuM svarUpa kayA prakAranuM che? evo prazna cokkasa thAya. have jo ApaNe A jagatane vAstavika mAnIe to prazna e udbhave che ke tenI vastutA kaI rIte UbhI thaI ? A praznano javAba kevaLa vAstavikatA che ja nahIM, e rIte ApI zakAya nahIM. kAraNa vAstavikatA kaI rIte sarjAya che ? vastutaMtra (object world) kaI rIte UbhuM thAya che? te praznano javAba AnaMdazaMkara ApI zakatA nathI. Ama vastutaMtra kevI rIte anubhavAya che teno javAba AnaMdazaMkara cokkasa Ape che, paraMtu vastutaMtra kaI rIte UbhuM thAya che teno javAba temanA ciMtanamAM prApta thato nathI. zAMkaravedAMtanI paraMparA anusAra jIvabhAvamAMthI mukti mATe nitya ane anityano viveka Avazyaka che. A viveka sAthe vairAgya joDAvuM joIe. A mATe zamadamAdi sAdhanasaMpatti dvArA viveka ane vairAgyane anusaratuM AcaraNa thAya ane mumukSutvano bhAva prApta thAya tyAre jIva brahmarUpa banI, AtmA brahmanI sarvAtmakatAthI dIptimAna bane. A vicAranI dRSTie AnaMdazaMkara pazcimanA ciMtananI samajUtI Ape che. ane ema prasthApita karavAno prayatna kare che ke, pAzcAtya tattvaciMtananI vicAranI bhUmikAo nityAnityavahuviveka ane Atma-anAtmavivekanI daSTithI samajAvI zakAya. AnaMdazaMkarano A eka prazasya prayatna che. temAM bhAratIya mAnasa potAnI rIte pazcimane samajavA ane samajAvavA Icche che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtananuM vivecana A prayatnanA saMdarbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara pAse ApaNe e vAtanI samajUtInI apekSA rAkhI zakIe ke Atma-anAtmavivekano taphAvata pADavo ane taphAvata anubhavavo A be vacceno bheda teoe bhAratIya dRSTie pazcimanA tattvaciMtananA arthaghaTananA saMdarbhamAM samajAvavo joIe. kAraNa pazcimamAM Atma-anAtmabheda vicAra kevaLa vaicArika dRSTie ja thayelo che. e vAta spaSTa che ke vivekano je bhAratIya paraMparAmAM anubhavamUlaka AdhAra che e pazcimamAM nathI. bhAratIya dRSTie pazcimanA tattvaciMtananuM AnaMdazaMkare kareluM arthaghaTana taphAvata pADavo ane taphAvata anubhavavo e be vaccenA bhedane spaSTa karatuM nathI. vaicArika utsAha cokkasapaNe ISTa che, paraMtu te vaicArika spaSTatAnA bhoge to na ja hoI zake. (4) AnaMdazaMkara bhautikavijJAnanI susaMgati mATe kevalAdvaitI vicAraNAne Avazyaka mAne che. A spaSTapaNe eka vaicArika sAhasa che. paraMtu tAttvika dRSTie vicAraNIya muddo che ke, paddhatigata rIte anubhavavAdI, pratyakSavAdI ane IhavAdI bhautikavijJAna anubhavAtIta STie saMpAdita kevalAdvaitavAda sAthe kaI rIte susaMgata hoI zake ? ahIM e vAta spaSTa karavI jarUrI che ke, bhautikavijJAna ane kevalAdvaita be judA vicAravizvo (pereDAImsa) dharAve che. tethI temanI vaccenA saMbaMdhanI sthApanA kaI rIte zakya bane ? bhautikavijJAnamAM rahelI ekatattvavAdI vicAradhArAnI parisamApti advaitavAdamAM thaze. A eka stutya AzAvAda che. paraMtu mULa prazna je tAttvika rIte pUchI zakAya te e che ke bhautikavijJAnamAM rahelI ekatattvavAdI vicAraNA ane advaitavAda A banne saMskRti viziSTa saMkalpanAo che. AvI saMskRtiviziSTa saMkalpanAono sArvatrika vyapadeza thaI zake ? ane jo na thaI zake to ene sArvatrika rIte prayojI zakAya nahIM. AthI prakRti e ja eka mAtra aMtima tattva che, evo ekatattvavAda ane kevaLa advaita che, ema darzAvato kevalAdvaitavAda banne sAMskRtika bhinnatAvALI saMkalpanAo samAna rIte prayojI zakAya nahIM. 209 (5) AnaMdazaMkara hiMdudharmane eka jIvaMta pravAha rUpe jue che. e spaSTa che ke koI paNa jIvaMta padArthanI sarvagrAhI vaicArika bAMdhaNI muzkela che. A vAtano svIkAra AnaMdazaMkara kare che. A jIvaMta padArthane teo traNa yugamAM vibhAjita kare che. vedayuga, saMskRtayuga ane bhASAyuga ane tenI sAthe navInayugane paNa joDe che. A jIvaMta dharmano abhyAsa kaI rIte karavo e cokkasapaNe eka koyaDoM che. A mATe AnaMdazaMkara pRthak pRthak avalokananI paddhati ane bIjuM ekabIjA aMgonA prakAzamAM avalokana karavAnI paddhati svIkAre che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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280 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvaH darzana ane ciMtana A saiddhAMtika svIkAra chatAM teo aMgonA pRthaka pRthak avalokana dvArA hiMdudharmanuM svarUpa nirUpe che paraMtu ekabIjA aMgonA prakAzamAM hiMdudharmanA svarUpane avalokavAno puruSArtha mAMDI vALe che. teo hiMdudharmane kramAnusArI ane pRthapha pRthapha rIte avaloke che. AmAM temano hetu spaSTapaNe sAtatyabodhano che. Ama temanA hiMdudharmadarzananA avalokanamAM temaNe pote svIkArela parasparAvalaMbitA - ekabIjAnA prakAzamAM avalokavAthI prApta thatuM svarUpa darzana jovA maLatuM nathI. temanA avalokanamAM hiMdudharmano ItihAsa cokkasapaNe vaNAyelo che. tema chatAM hiMdudharmanuM sarvagrAhI Akalana upasatuM nathI. AvuM sarvagrAhI Akalana AnaMdazaMkara jevA vidvata puruSa na karI zake ema nathI, paraMtu karyuM nathI e paNa eTalI ja satya hakIkata che. A eka UNapa temanA hiMdudharmanA nirUpaNamAM joI zakAya che. badhA ja dharmono AnaMdazaMkare eka custa vizleSaka dRSTithI pRthaka pRthapha abhyAsa karyo ane pratyeka dharmanuM mULagAmI vizleSaNa karyuM. A dvArA temanI sarvadharma aMgenI pAyAnI nisbata, sarvadharmanA hArdane rajU karavAno kasaba jovA maLe che. AnaMdazaMkara pote A nirUpaNane AdhAre dharmanuM sarvagrAhI sAmAnya svarUpa upasAvavA mAgatA hatA. paraMtu AvuM dharmanuM sarvagrAhI Akalana teo rajU karI zakyA nathI. emanA jevA sazakta vidyAvyAsaMgIe jo A kAma karyuM hota to dharmonI mULagAmI samajamAM ghaNo mahattvano vadhAro thAta. ApaNe eka dharmane bIjA dharmanA prakAzamAM jotA thayA hota ane e rIte dharmanI sAcI samaja prApta thaI zakI hota. A samaja dvArA dharmamAtranuM sAcuM hArda praphuTita thaI zakaryuM hota. A prakalpa kevaLa bhArata nahi paraMtu samagra mAnavajAta mATe upakAraka nIvaDyo hota. paraMtu A kArya teo karI zakyA nathI eno ApaNe eka hakIkata tarIke svIkAra karavo joIe. Ama chatAM dharma aMgenA potAnA pRthaka pRthaka abhyAsanA aMte teo pratyeka dharmamAM paraspara rahelA keTalAka milanabiMduo darzAvI zakyA che. paraMtu A milanabiMduo dvArA dharmanA samagra svarUpanuM Akalana prApta thatuM nathI. D D D For Personal & Private Use Only

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10) AnaMdazaMkaranI ciMtanapratibhA AnaMdazaMkara bhAratIya navajAgaraNanA pratibhAsaMpanna, prabhAvaka, sarvAzleSI, samanvaya ane samarUpatAnA vicAra praharI che. temanI sarvatomukhI pratibhAmAM paraMparAnI mULagAmI samaja ane daDhatA che. vaicArika parikRti e emanuM cAlaka baLa che. sAcA arthamAM bhAratIya ciMtananI gatizIlatA bhAratIya mAnasanI vaicArika sarjanazIlatA temanA ciMtanamAM jovA maLe che. paraMparAnA mULa arthane pragaTAvavA ane navI paristhitimAM navA arthone praphuTita karavA e emanA ciMtananuM lakSya che. bhAratIya tattvajJAna e kevaLa vicAra mALakhAM ane vaicArika rUDhi ke matono saMcaya nathI. bhAratIya ciMtana samagra jIvanane potAnAmAM saMgrahita kare che eTaluM ja nahIM, tene saMpAdita kare che, tenuM vivecana ane satyAnveSaNa paNa kare che. vicAra ane jIvana (AcAra) e baMneno saMvAda e bhAratIya ciMtana che. AthI ja bhAratIya ciMtanamAM tattvajJAna, dharma ane vAstavika jIvana A traNeyano marmagrAhI samanvaya jovA maLe che. AnaMdazaMkaranA ciMtanamAM A ja kAraNe dArzanika paraMparA, dharma ane sAMpratajIvana e traNeya yogya rIte ciMtananAM kSetro banyAM che, evuM nirvivAdapaNe ApaNe A abhyAsanA parighamAM rahIne kahI zakIe. tattvaciMtana e samagra mAnava anubhavone AzleSita karatI vicAraNA che. A vicAraNA e kevaLa nirUpaNa vyavasthA nathI, temAM jIvananA anubhavonI AlocanAtmaka tapAsa che. AthI ja AnaMdazaMkaranA mate "tattvaciMtana (Philosophy) eTale padArthanA bhAsamAna svarUpathI para tattvabhUta svarUpa zuM che ane e tattvanI daSTi bhAsamAna svarUpano zo khulAso che - eno buddhi dvArA vicAra." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.17) Ama, tattvadRSTi e prabhAvaka ane niyAmaka hovA chatAM te tattvadaSTi dvArA bhAsamAna jagatanA svarUpanuM anusaMdhAna AnaMdazaMkaranA mate tattvajJAnanuM pramukha kartavya che. temanI pAralaukika dRSTinuM anusaMdhAna Ihaloka che. arthAta AnaMdazaMkara parAtparavAdInI sAthe sAthe IhavAdI paNa che. A emanA samanvayavAdI tattvaciMtananI vaicArika ke dArzanika pIThikA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana A pIThikAnA pariNAme AnaMdazaMkaranA tattvaciMtanamAM AtyaMtikatAno abhAva jovA maLe che. AtyaMtikatAne teo vaicArika jADya tarIke jue che. AthI teo kevaLa parAtparavAdI diSTa dharAvatA nathI, jemAM Ihalokano viccheda hoya. kAraNa AnaMdazaMkara tattvajJAnane gUDhavAdathI ane tenA prabhAvathI spaSTapaNe dUra rAkhavA Icche che. gUDhavAdI anubhUti emane grAhya che. paraMtu gUDhavAda potAnI rahasyamayatAmAM ciMtanazIlatAne grasI le te AnaMdazaMkarane mAnya nathI. anubhUti paNa vicAra dvArA vicAranI eraNa para rasAyelI ane kasAyelI hovI joIe ema teo daDhapaNe mAne che. 282 eTale vedAMtadarzananA emaNe karelA svIkAramAM matAgrahitAno saMsparza nathI. e emanA vaicArika niSkarSanuM pariNAma che. emanI tAttvika svataMtratA che, je zraddhA nahIM paraMtu vicAra dvArA poSAyelI che. Ama temanI zraddhA- advaitavedAMtamAM temaNe mUkelI zraddhA-vicAra dvArA poSAyelI ane puSTa thayelI zraddhA che. AnaMdazaMkaranuM tattvaciMtana kevaLa IhavAdI nathI, kevaLa jAgatikatA e vicAranuM nirNAyaka paribaLa banI zake nahIM ema teo mAne che. temanA ciMtanamAM jagatano paNa tAttvika rIte vicAra thayelo che. temanuM ciMtana, jagatane ane jagatanA anubhavone ja aMtima mAnatuM nathI. temanA mate jagatanA anubhavo e ciMtananuM prathama pagathiyuM che. jIvananI ane jagatanI parisamApti A prathama pagathiye thaI ja zake nahIM e vAta AnaMdazaMkara potAnA vividha nibaMdhomAM vidhAyaka rIte prasthApe che. Ama AnaMdazaMkaranuM tattvaciMtana parAtparatAvAda ane IhavAda baMnnenI AtyaMtikatAne tyajIne jIvanamAM parAtparatAnI anubhUtine prAdhAnya Ape che. eTaluM ja nahIM, tene teo tattvajJAnanuM ISTa kartavya gaNe che. arthAt parAtpara anubhUtio jIvanamAM ane jIvana dvArA pAMgaravI joIe ema teo mAne che. bhAratIya tattvaciMtana mATe, sAmprata jIvananA saMdarbha mATe, A prakAranuM tattvaciMtana e AnaMdazaMkare prasthApelo ane pratiSThita karelo prakalpa che. A prakalpa temanI samagra vicAradaSTimAM ane vicArasRSTimAM sArvatrika rIte vyApta che. AnaMdazaMkarane ApaNe kevaLa paraMparAvAdI ke purAtanavAdI tarIke joI zakIzuM nahIM. teo to mAlavikAgnimitramAM kAlidAse lakhyA pramANe spaSTapaNe mAne che ke, purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvaM na cApi kAvyaM navamityavadyam / santaH parIkSyAnyataradbhajante mUDhaH parapratyayaneyabuddhiH || (mAlaviAmnimitram -prathama aMka, zloka-2) arthAt "pUrAtana hovAthI badhuM sAruM hoya che evuM nathI ane nUtana hovAthI badhuM kharAba hoya che evuM paNa nathI. samajadAra loko baMnenA guNa ane doSane pUrNarUpe vicArIne temAMthI For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranI ciMtanapratibhA je sAruM hoya tene apanAve che, ane jemanI pAse potAnI samaja nathI hotI teo bIjAnA samajAvyA pramANe mAnI le che." 283 purAtana mAtra zreSTha ane sarvocca che evI atIta jhaMkhA hiMdudharma ane tattvajJAna mATe saheja paNa ISTa nathI evuM AnaMdazaMkara svIkAre che. prAcIna jJAnanA Alayane svaccha karavAnI atyaMta AvazyakatA che. te spaSTapaNe jaNAve che ke ApaNA ItihAsanI caDhatI-paDatInA samayamAM ApaNA, A jJAnanA prAcIna,vizALa maMdirane ApaNe sAphasUtharuM rAkhI zakyA nathI. emAM ajJAnanAM puSkaLa jALAM bAjhayAM che. seMkaDo varSonI dhULa tenA para bAjhelI che. aNasamaju kaDiyAnA hAthe tenuM sauMdarya vilAI gayeluM che. eTale bhAratIya dharma ane tattvajJAna, paraMparA ane tenA anurAganI pariSkRti e AnaMdazaMkara atyaMta anivArya AvazyakatA tarIke ghaTAve che. kAraNa, mahattvanI vastu e bauddhika samajaNa che ane A bauddhika samajaNanI dIptithI e spaSTa samajAya che ke : "hiMdanuM tattvajJAna eka jUnuM jaDI AveluM hADapiMjara nathI. paNa vedakALathI cAlI Avelo caitanyathI bharelo ane nitya vikasato jato eka jIvaMta padArtha che. tethI, enA zarIranuM varNana karavA karatAM enA AtmAnuM prAkaTya karavA upara adhika dhyAna ApavuM joIe." (dharmavicAra-1, pR.553) Ama, AnaMdazaMkaranA mate bhAratIya tattvajJAna, eka jIvaMta paraMparA che. A jIvaMtatA e tenI svaciMtanazIlatAnI nIpaja che. eTale bhAratIya tattvajJAnamAM pUrNavirAma zakya nathI, e satata gatizIla pravAhI vicAra paraMparA che. A vicAra paraMparAno anubaMdha jIvana paMraparA sAthe che. AthI bhAratIya ciMtananA ItihAsamAM jyAre jyAre sva-ciMtanazIlatAmAM oTa AvI che tyAre tyAre spaSTapaNe jIvana paraMparAmAM jaraThatA avazya AvI che. A jaraThatAne khaMkheravAnuM ane temAM prANa pUravAnuM kAma tattvajJAnanuM che. e kArya bhAratIya paraMparAe supere nibhAvI ane potAnI jIvaMtatAnI pratIti avazya ApI che. sAmprata samaya e AnaMdazaMkaranA mate evo ja samaya che jemAM bhAratIya mAnasanA ciMtana sAmarthyanI, svaciMtanazIlatAnI, sarvagrAhI jIvanadarzananI anivAryatA che. A anivAryatAne kaI rIte bhAratIya mAnasa nibhAvI zake ? potAnI svaciMtanazIlatAthI tene kevI rIte saMskArI zake ? bhAratIya ciMtanane kaI rIte jIvaMta rAkhI zakAya? enI pratIti ApaNane AnaMdazaMkaranA tattvaciMtanamAM jovA maLe che. pazcimathI prabhAvita, kaMIka aMze aMjAyeluM bhAratIya mAnasa potAnA bhUtakALane, tenA sAtatyane kaI rIte nibhAvI zake, tenuM pratyakSa udAharaNa AnaMdazaMkaranuM ciMtana che. AnaMdazaMkara vartamAna sAthe cheDo phADyA vagara atItane, paraMparAne-bhAratIya paraMparAne, sAcave che. tenI jIvaMtatAne teo aMke kare che. praziSTa bhAratIya ciMtana paraMparA temanA vicAromAM jIvaMtarUpe For Personal & Private Use Only www.jalnelibrary.org

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284 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva darzana ane ciMtana jovA maLe che. A arthamAM e pazcime pokhelA vidvAna nathI, kAraNa pazcimamAM paurvAtya vidvAna eTale pUrva aMge yuropanA sAmUhika divAsvaprone varNavanAra. jemAM pUrvanI kathAo, purANakathAo tenI rahasyamayatA jeno aMkoDo sAmprata jIvanamAM maLato ja na hoya. tAtparya e ke pazcimanA jJAnanA jevI vyApakatA ane nizcitatAno jemAM abhAva che e paurvAtya. AnaMdazaMkara A prakAranA vidvAna nathI. teonI e daDha pratIti che ke, pUrva ane pazcimanI jJAna ane ciMtana paraMparA alaga che ane parihArya che. pazcima jJAnane pratinidhAnanA rUpamAM ja jue che. A saMdarbhamAM sudita kavirAja jaNAve che ke, pAzcAtya jJAnavyavasthA je cakAsaNI prakriyA para avalaMbita che te bhAratIya paraMparAgata jJAnavyavasthAne mULasotI amAnya gaNe che. eTale ke tene jJAnavyavasthA tarIke ja apadastha gaNe che. "Modern knowledge systems in their operations outside the west, resorted to rejecting them wholesale, in a far more comprehensive fashion." (The sudden Death of Sanskrit knowledge, pp.119-42.) AnI sAme AnaMdazaMkara jevA bhAratIya vidvAno jaNAve che ke A AkSepa khoTo che. temanA mate bhAratIya ciMtakano e svadharma che ke potAnI paraMparAne, potAnI jJAnavyavasthAne supere samajavI ane e rIte bhAratIya paraMparA aMge pazcimanA ajJAnane dUra karavuM. pAzcAtya paraMparAthI alaga jJAnavyavasthA dharAvatI evI bhAratIya jJAna paraMparA che. tene daDhAvavAno AnaMdazaMkara potAnA samagra ciMtanamAM prayatna kare che. A ciMtakadharma AnaMdazaMkare potAnA tattvaciMtana ane dharma aMgenA lekhomAM spaSTapaNe Adarelo che. A dvArA temaNe bhAratIya vicAra paraMparAne saMsthApI che. saMsthAnakAlIna bhAratIya ciMtana aMge evA vicAro vyakta thayA che ke bhAratIya ciMtana vyavasthA hatI, paraMtu saMsthAnavAde tene naSTa karI. AvuM mAnanAra ciMtakomAM sudita kavirAja (2005), mIzela DameTa (1996), dayAkRSNa (1996) ane kAlidAsa bhaTTAcArya (1982) jevA ciMtakono samAveza thAya che. to zelDana poloka (2001) jevA ciMtaka evo abhiprAya vyakta kare che ke saMskRtanuM mRtyu lAMbA gALAnA sAMskRtika, sAmAjika ane rAjakIya parivartanonuM pariNAma che. poloka, saMskRtanA mRtyu mATe. (1) rAjakIya vyavasthAomAM uthalapAthala. (2) sAhityika ane sAMskRtika asmitA dharAvatI prAdezika navI bhASAono udaya ane tenI spardhA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AnaMdazaMkaranI ciMtanapratibhA 285 (3) prAdezika ke dezIya sAMskRtika cetanAno udaya. ema traNa kAraNa Ape che. A traNa kAraNane lIdhe saMskRtanA mRtyunA pariNAme bhAratIya ciMtanamAM sthagitatA AvI. Ama pahelA cAra ciMtaka saMsthAnavAdane bhAratIya ciMtananA vinAza mATe kAraNabhUta mAne che. to paoNloka bhAratIya ciMtananI sthagitatA mATe saMskRtanA mRtyune kAraNabhUta mAne che. prazna e che ke zuM bhAratIya ciMtana paraMparA kharekhara sthagita thaI gaI che? bhArata pAse potAnI tAttvika ciMtananI kSamatA ane pravRtti banne naSTa thayAM che, ema kahevAmAM hakIkata doSa che. jenuM udAtta udAharaNa ApaNane AnaMdazaMkaranuM ciMtana pUruM pADe che. sAcA arthamAM kahIe to, saMskRta paraMparA naSTa pAmI che evA AkSepa sAme AnaMdazaMkara eka aparihArya udAharaNa che. paoNlokanI e dalIlamAM tathya nathI ke prAdezika bhASAonA udaya ane tenA saMgharSanA pariNAme saMskRta bhASA laya pAmI. vAstavamAM saMskRta ane prAdezika bhASAo vacce saMgharSa nahIM paraMtu arthapUrNa sAtatya jovA maLe che. eTale polokanI sAme ApaNe daDhapaNe AnaMdazaMkaranA tattvaciMtanane mUkI ema kahevuM joIe ke poloka saMskRtanA mRtyunA rUpakamAMthI bahAra AvavAnI ane sAtatyane sAcI rIte parakhavAnI jarUra che. pUrvanuM mAnasa ke bhAratIya mAnasa e vakhatamAM potAnA bhUtakALane samajavAmAM ane te dvArA sAtatya ane paraMparA sAthe sva-samajaNa vikasAvavAmAM paDyuM hatuM. temAM arthaghaTananAM parivartano hatAM ane bhUtakALa sAthenuM khullApaNuM hatuM. A khullApaNuM ja AnaMdazaMkaramAM AgAmI trisItAne tIta dharAve che. Ama AnaMdazaMkaranA tattvaciMtanamAM sAtatyanI punaHsthApanA ane bhAratIya vArasAnuM punaH siMcana karavAnI icchA jovA maLe che. ahIM e vAta spaSTa karavI jarUrI che ke bhUtakALamAM pAchA pharavuM ane bhUtakALane sabhAnapaNe saMsthApavo A be alaga hakIkato che. prophe. ganerI lakhe che ke : "Philosophical work at this time largely consists, not in the advent of new systems but in a series of readjustments and reclaiming the past. It is necessary to note that there is a significant difference between being aware of the past and reclaiming it and not necessarily returning to the past." (Traditions of Truth: changing Beliefs and the nature of Inquiry, PP 43-54) AnaMdazaMkarano puruSArtha e ApaNe AgaLa kahyuM tema atIta jhaMkhA nathI, paraMtu potAnA bhUtakALane samajavAnuM - Atma samajaNanuM - AMtarika parimANa che. paraMparAnA sAtatyanI temAM vacanabaddhatA che ane arthaghaTananuM khullApaNuM che. A khullApaNuM ApaNI samakSa be bhASAjagata For Personal & Private Use Only

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286 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana ane be vicArajagatane khullA kare che. samajaNa jo AMtarika paribaLa hoya to A khullApaNA mATe bAhya paribaLo karatAM AMtara paribaLo ja vadhu javAbadAra hoya. A arthamAM parivartana anivArya chatAM AMtarika che, sAhajika che ane enA pariNAme ja AnaMdazaMkara muktapaNe paraMparAnuM punarmulyAMkana kare che. kAnTa ane hegala temane mATe mahattvanA ciMtako che, paraMtu teo temanA ciMtanathI Asakta nathI. AnaMdazaMkaranuM tattvaciMtana ApaNane traNa bAbata Ape che : (1) navI paribhASA - je paraMparAne navA saMdarbhamAM abhivyakti Ape. (2) saMskRta bhASAmAMthI gujarAtI mAtRbhASAmAM prApta thatI navIna abhivyaktio. Ama ahIM bhASA parivartana e emanA ciMtananuM eka anivArya Avazyaka ane atyaMta mahattvanuM lakSaNa gaNAvuM joIe. (3) gujarAtI bhASAnA prayogane kAraNe ciMtanano vyApa janasamAja sudhI pahoMcyo eTaluM ja nahIM, vAcana ane manana dvArA prajAnA cittamAM e vicAro sthira thayA. A dvArA prajAmAM paraMparA aMgenI svakIya samajaNa prApta thaI ane vikasI. Ama, AnaMdazaMkara e svataMtra gAMbhIrya dharAvatA, potAnI paraMparAnA satyanA zodhaka, khullA mananA ciMtaka che. te paraMparA ane AdhunikatAnI sucAru gUMthaNI kare che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM vyakta thatuM temanuM ciMtana pazcimanA vicAranI tAbedArI svIkAratuM nathI. temanuM ciMtana e evo samajaNa prayoga che athavA evI vaicArika sarjananI arthapUrNa prakriyA che. temAM be bauddhika paraMparAonA arthaghaTananuM sAhasa vikase che. A abhivyaktine sAMbhaLanAra zrotA bhAratIya che. Ama, emanA ciMtanane ApaNe rASTrIya saMskRtinA udAtta punardhaDatara karanAra, potAnI AMtarika jJAnadIptithI bhAratIya vicAra paraMparAnuM sAmratamAM sarjana karanAra tarIke oLakhI zakIe. temAM pazcimano AMdhaLo InkAra nathI ke abauddhika anukaraNa nathI. e ja rIte pUrva mATe paNa teo aMdhapratibaddhatA ke abauddhika anurAga dharAvatA nathI. A banne AtyaMtikatAne vaLoTIne temanI ciMtana pratibhA vikaselI che. AvA ciMtana vairyanA dhanI e kevaLa gujarAtanI ja nahIM paNa samagra bhAratanI mahAmUlI mUDI che. sAcA arthamAM teo AcArya che. yAska "AcArya' zabdane samajAvatAM jaNAve che ke AvArya : smAdAvA vAra pratyAvinItyarthanAvinoti vaAmiti vA ! (niyam a-1-4) arthAt AcArane grahaNa karAve, arthonI vRddhi kare ane buddhinI vRddhi kare te AcArya. A artha AnaMdazaMkarane yathArtha rIte lAgu paDe che. evA AcArya zrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvane ApaNA koTi koTi vaMdana ho. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : jIvanikA I.sa. 1869 janma amadAvAdamAM, (tA. 22-1-1869) pitA bApubhAI dayAzaMkara dhruva, vaDanagarA nAgara gRhastha. 1882 lagna aMdubA sAthe. 1885 meTrika, samagra yunivarsiTImAM bIjo naMbara. 1887 bhAratIya rASTrIya koMgresanA adhivezanamAM hAjara rahyA. ekaTa adhivezanane bAda karatAM 1887 thI 1937 sudhI badhAM adhivezanamAM hAjara. 1889 bI.e. (muMbaI yunivarsiTI), gujarAta kolejamAMthI, mukhya viSaya saMskRta . sAmayikomAM lekho lakhavAnI zarUAta, 1889-90. 1890 sau. aMdubAnuM avasAna. 1891 ema. e. (muMbaI yunivarsiTI) mukhya viSaya saMskRta. 1893 bIjuM lagna, amIrabA sAthe, be putro - prabhAI ane prahalAdabhAI, eka putrI sau.jolIbahena (lagna. harisiddhabhAI diveTiyA sAthe) 1893 gujarAta koleja, amadAvAdamAM saMskRtanA adhyApaka, 1919mAM elphinsTana koleja muMbaImAM badalI thaI ane pachI banArasa gayA tyAM sudhI A pada zobhAvyuM. saMskRta uparAMta aMgrejI, nyAya ane tattvajJAna e viSayo paNa zIkhavyA. keTaloka samaya AcArya paNa rahyA. A daramiyAna 1908-09mAM kolejanI DibeTIMga sosAyaTI tathA krikeTa klabamAM sakriya rasa. 1896 elaela.bI. thayA. 1898 ma.na.dvivedInA avasAna pachI "sudarzana'nuM taMtrIpada 1902 sudhI saMbhALyuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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288 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana 1902 * 'vasaMta' sAhityapatrano AraMbha, je 1938 sudhI calAvyuM. * amadAvAdanI "maghaniSedha maMDaLInI kAryavAhaka samitinA sabhya, temAM amadAvAdamAM hatA tyAM sudhI sakriya rahyA. 1903 sau. amIrabAnuM avasAna, cotrIsa varSanI uMmare pharIthI vidhura. pharIthI lagna na karyuM. 1918 amadAvAdanA milamAliko ane majUra mahAjananA jhaghaDAmAM ubhaya svIkRta saphaLa lavAda. te pachI paNa AvA jhaghaDAo ukelI Arthika vikAsa preraka uttama vyavasthAo sthApI ApI. gAMdhIjInA vizvAsapAtra. 1919 bombe saMskRta sirIjha'nA eka saMpAdaka, elphinsTana koleja, muMbaImAM badalI. 1928 * sarakArI nokarImAMthI mukta thaI ane gAMdhIjI tathA sara ela.e.zAhanA sUcana mujaba paM.mAlaviyAjInA nimaMtraNathI banArasa hiMdu vizvavidyAlayamAM saMskRtanA adhyApaka, senTrala hiMdu kolejanA AcArya ane prathama upakulapati. A pada I.sa. 1936mAM nivRtta thatAM sudhI zobhAvyuM. * gujarAta sAhitya pariSadanA amadAvAda-adhivezananA svAgatAdhyakSa. gAMdhIjI ane ravIndranAthanI upasthitithI A saMmelana viziSTa rahyuM. 1926 bIjI bhAratIya tattvajJAne pariSadanA kAzI - adhivezanamAM bhAratIya tattvajJAna vibhAganA adhyakSa. 1928 cothI bhAratIya tattvajJAna pariSada-madrAsanA pramukha. 1928 gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA navamA adhivezananA pramukha, naDiyAda, 1930-31 "InTara yunivarsiTI borDa (atyAranuM yunivarsiTI grAnTa kamizana)nA adhyakSa, ghaNAM varSa sudhI tenA sadasya rahyA. 1933 bhAratIya prAcya vidyA pariSadanA vaDodarA adhivezanamAM tattvajJAna ane dharmanA vibhAgamAM zrI rAnaDe upasthita na rahI zakatAM temane sthAne tatkALa adhyakSapada soMpAtAM 'bhagavadgItA' para prabhAvaka pravacana karyuM. 1934 zAntiniketananI mulAkAta, kavivara TAgora dvArA sanmAna. julAI-1934. 1936 - banAsara hindu vizvavidyAlayamAMthI nivRtta, zeSajIvana amadAvAdamAM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 289 * amadAvAdanA "gujarAta saMzodhana' maMDaLanA pramukha * "gujarAta vidyAsabhA' (gu.vi.so.)nA adhyakSa. A pada 1941mAM nivRtta thatAM sudhI zobhAvyuM. * amadAvAdamAM bharAyelI "sarvadharma pariSadamAM adhyakSIya pravacana. * gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA adhivezanamAM, pramukha gAMdhIjI mukhya pravacana pachI vidAya thatAM, temane sthAne pariSadanA kAryakramanuM saMcAlana karyuM. 1938-'37 premAbhAI hola (amadAvAda)mAM "bhagavadgItA' para jAhera vyAkhyAno, 500- 700 zrotAo. 1937 banArasa hindu vizvavidyAlaya dvArA DI.liTu nI mAnada upAdhi enAyata thaI. paMDita bhagavAnalAla IndrajI bAda AvuM bahumAna meLavanAra bIjA gujarAtI. 'rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa zatAbdI mahotsava'nI aMtima beThakanA adhyakSa, kalakattA. 1939 muMbaI yunivarsiTInI sahAya laI tathA khAsa sarakArI grAnTa meLavI, gujarAta vidyAsabhA (AjanuM bho.je.dyiAbhavana)mAM anusnAtakanA vargo zarU karAvyA. 1941 gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAMthI nivRtta, tabiyata ghaNI nAdurasta. 1942 eprilanI 7mI tArIkhe amadAvAdamAM avasAna. (uddhata-sAhitya vicAra | saMpA.yazavaMta zukla ane anya, pR.12, 13) E For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 vArtikomAM AvatAM kAvyo bha. 1 bha. 2 kAvya : 1 "devAsura-saMgrAma" bhaktine morace bhaDa koka game, raNasaMgrAme pada koka rope; satyapaNuM pArakhuM jue jyAre zAmaLo, duHkha sukha nAve maranI ! daiva kope. prathama satayugamAM pralAdane pIDiyo, bhIDiyo thaMbha te loha tAto; (toya) dhIra nava dhaDakiyo bhayathI nava bhaDakiyo, thaDakiyo zeSa railokya jAto. moradhvajane veratAM me'ra nAvI mAvane, jhera ApyuM te badhI jagata jANe; kaho zira upara karavata melAviyAM, eka kore dIkaro ne vahu beya tANe. zahera choDI cAliyAM melyAM maMdira ne mALiyAM, rAmI rohIdAsa ne harizcaMdra rAjA; bhaktine kAraNe cUpacane bAraNe, narapati nIra bharyuM na melI mAjhA. baLI sAthe chaLa karyo, vAmana thaI paravaryo, AgaLa AvI karagaryo bhUmi mAgI; zukrAcArye vAriyo toya haiyethI nava hAriyo, rAkhiyo dharmane tana tyAgI. bha.3 bha. 4 bha. 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 291 bha.6 bha.7 . pAMDava paNa grahI rahyA, asAmartha thaI rahyA, hatA sAmartha paNa vacane cAlyA; satI taNAM cIra haryA pAMce vana paravaryA, duSTa duryodhana mo'luMmAM mAlyA. karaNa pAse jAcavA kRSNajI AviyA, viThThale vipranuM rUpa lIdhuM; bANanI sajjA karI teNe same AvyA hari, rakta dhoI rekhuMnuM dAna dIdhuM. samana ne mejana be saMtanA olagu, moTI dazAmAM jeNe mana gALyAM; apatta AvI ghaNI te same AvI baNI, zIza arpaNa karI satya pALyAM. zeTha sagALane bALa vaidhAviyuM, dhaNI padhAryA ja e dharma jovA; nara ne nArI maLI khAMDavA beThAM vaLI, ko, satyavAdI bese kema rovA ! corAsI matamAM satya ema pALavuM, tA cAra jugamAM tene koNa lope; bhojala bhaktinuM rUpa bahu bhAtanuM, A loka paralokamAM e ja ope. bha.8 bha.9 bha. 10 -bhojo kAvya : 2 "divya prabhAta" jAgIne jouM to jagata dIse nahIM, UMghamAM aTapaTA bhoga bhAse; citta caitanyavilAsa tadrupa che, brahma laTakAM kare brahma pAse. jA, Teka, paMca mahAbhUta paribrahma viSe UpanyAM, aNu aNu mAMhI rahyAM re vaLagI; phUla ne phaLa te to vRkSanAM jANavAM, thaDa thakI DALa te nahi re aLagI. jA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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292 veda to ema vade, zruti smRti sAkhya de, kanaka kuMDala viSe bheda noye; ghATa ghaDyA pachI nAma rUpa jUjavAM, aMtye to hemanuM hema hoye. jIva ne ziva to Apa icchAe thayA, racI parapaMca cauda loka kIdhA; bhaNe narasaiMyo te ja tuM te ja tuM, ene samaryAthI kaMI saMta sIdhyA. M - narasiMha mahetA rAga 1 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana kAvya : 3 "horI" 1 ( kAphI - tAla dIpacaMdI) kRSNa kaisI horI macAI, acaraja lakhiyo na jAI; asata sata kara dikhalAI, re kRSNa kaisI0 (Teka) eka samaya zrIkRSNadeva ke, horI khelana mana AI, ekaseM horI macai nahi kabahuM, yAteM karUM bahutAI; yahi prabhune ThaharAI, re kRSNa kaisI 0 pA~ca bhUta kI dhAtu milAkara, aMDa pacakArI banAI, cauda bhuvana raMga bhItara bharakara, nAnA rUpa dharAI; prakaTa bhaye kRSNa kanhAI, re kRSNa kaisI 0 pA~ca viSaya kI gulAla banAkara, bIca brahmAMDa uDAI, jisa jisa naina gulAla paDI vaha, sudhabudha saba visarAI; hi sUjhata apanAI, re kRSNa kaisI 0 veda - aMta aMjana kI silAkA, jisane nainameM pAI, brahmAnaMda tisakA tama nAzyo, sUjha paDI apanAI; horI kachu banI na banAI, re kRSNa kaisI For Personal & Private Use Only 1 2 3 o 4 Mo brahmAnaMda (adhyAtmamanabhAsA)

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pariziSTa 2 kAvya : 4 "horI" 2 - rAga zAma kaisI khelata horI, acaraja khUba banorI, ( kAphI, tAla dIpacaMdI) koI jana bheda lahorI. zAma kaisI0 (Teka) tana raMgabhUmi banI ati suMdara, bAlana bAga lagorI, nADI aneka galI jahA~ zobhata, khele tahAM sAMvaro rI; saMga vRSabhAnakizorI. zAma kaisI 0 pA~ca sakhI mila pA~ca raMga bhara, jeta bahora baho rI, rAdhikA lekara DAre zAma para, saba tana dIna bhigo rI; zAmamana moda bhayo rI. zAma kaisI0 3 horI meM moda mAnakara zAmane, rAdhikAveSa dharo rI, mila sakhiyana saMga phAga macAyo, khelata magana bhayo rI; Apa sudha bhUla gayo rI . zAma kaisI 0 khelata khelata jAna na pAyo, dIrgha kAla gayo rI, bana bana phirata mile jaba satguru, sakhiyana saMga vichorI; zAma brahmAnaMda milorI. zAma kaisI0 avya: 5 vAmanAvatAra viSNornu kaM: vIryANi pravocaM yaH pArthivAni vimame rajAMsi / yo askabhAyaduttaraM sadhasthaM vicakramANastredhoruhAva: / yasya trI pUrNA madhunA padAnvakSIyamANA svadhayA madaMti / yau tridhAtu pRthivImu'ta dyAmeko dAdhAra bhuvanAni vizvA // urukramasya sa hi bandhuritthA viSNoH pade parama madhva utsaH / (RgvedasaMhitA 1 - 154 ) - For Personal & Private Use Only -- 293 4 brahmAnaMda

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294 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva H darzana ane ciMtana kAvya : 6 eka ajavALI rAtri [O Moon ! the oldest shades' mong oldest trees Feel palpitions when thou lookest in; O Moon! old boughs lisp forth a holies din The while they feel thine airy fellowship. Thou dost bless every where, with silver lip Kissing dead things to life. The sleeping kine, Couched in thy brightness, dream of fields divine: Innumerable mountains, rise, and rise, Ambitious for the hallowing of thine eyes; And yet thy benediction passeth not One obscure hiding place, one little spot Where pleasure may be sent; the nested wren, Has thy fair face within its tranquil ken, And from beneath a sheltering ivy leaf Takes glimpses of thee; thou art a relief To the poor patient oyster, where it sleeps Within its peraly house. - For Personal & Private Use Only Keats vyaMgyArtha-re prabho jenA rasane veda ''soma' 'phantu' nAme stave che - tArI diSTa antaramAM paDatAM, A janmanA aneka sAMsArika anubhavo ane lAlasAothI khavAI gayelA, are ! asaMkhya janmonI mAyAjALathI chavAyelA jarjarita, AtmAonAM hRdayo paNa UchaLe che, re prabho! tAro divya samAgama thatAM, atyaMta zuSka ane jIrNa thaI gayelI AtmavRkSanI zubhavRttirUpI DALIo paNa punaH dhIme dhIme pavitra dhvani uccAre che. mRta vastuomAM-kharo cittapadArtha khoI beThelA jIvomAM - paNa tAro zveta zubhra sattvaguNamaya prakAza ane premamaya cuMbana alaukika caitanya prere che. A IndriyarUpI gAyo, tArA premanI caMdrikAmAM vIMTAyelI, UMghamAM paNa-A saMsAranidrAmAM paNa divya kSetronAM svapnAM anubhave che. asaMkhya mahAtmAorUpI girivaro tArA dRSTipAtathI pavitra thavA moTI moTI AkAMkSAbharyA UbhA rahe che. ane te chatAM, eka alpamAM alpa mAnasaguhA, tArA AnaMdathI sIMcavA joga eka

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pariziSTa 2 295 nAnAmAM nAnI jagA, paNa tArI premacandrikA pAmyA vinA rahI jatI nathI; A zarIrarUpI gALAmAM rahI pravRttinivRttirUpa pAMkho phaphaDAvatuM A jIvAtmArUpI pakSI paNa enI zAMta daSTi vaDe tArA mukhanuM avalokana karI zake che ane ekAda pavitra grantharUpI latApatronA Azraya nIce rahIne tArI jhAMkhI laI zake che. bhaktirUpI motInI chIpamAM nAnI A bicArI zAMta thaI paDI rahelI manarUpI mAchalI paNa tArI zAMti pAme che. ] kAvya : 7 khADAnA vAre "rAjA harizcandra choDI cAlyo ze'ra satyavAdIne satane kAraNe jI re; vecyAM rANI ne kuMvara rohidAsa baucarI tAre vAraNe jI re. tyAM to bano paga na TherAya zerI nathI soyalI jI re; mAraga kharo che khAMDAnI dhAra dIse vATa dohyalI jI re. sIpane upanI'tI satya apAra UMDIthI upara AvavA jI re; mAthe vehanA vUkyA megha motIne meLavavA jI re. mune ratna lAdhyuM rAmanuM nAma sagurunA sAthamAM jI re ; bhojala sneha re karIne citta rAkhya hIro Avyo hAthamAM jI re" 4 - bhojo kAvya : 6 cAMdaliyo "o pelo cAMdaliyo mA mune, ramavAne Alo; nakSatrathI cUMTI lAvI, mAre muMjhalaDe ghAlo, ruve ruve ne rAtaDo thAe, cAMdA sAmuM juve; mAtA jazodAjI harinAM AMsuDAM hUve. lokanAM anerAM haiyAM, ghelo tuM kAM thAya; cAMdaliyo AkAze vhAlA, kyama karI levAya ! thALImAM jaLa bhariyuM mAMhi, cAMdaliyo dAkhyo; narasaiyAno svAmI zAmaLiyo, raDato rAkhyo." - narasiMha mahetA For Personal & Private Use Only

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296 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana DAvya : dAsyabhakti mane cAkara rAkhojI (Teka) cAkara rahasuM bAga lagAsuM, nita uTha darazana pAsuM, vRndAvanakI kuMjjagalinameM, tArI lIlA gAsuM. - harehare saba bAga banAuM, bica bica rAkho bArI, sA~valiyA ke darazana pAsuM, pahira kusumbI sArI. __ - yogI AyA yoga karaNako, tapa karaNe saMnyAsI, haribhajanako sAdhu Ave, vRndAvanake vAsI. - mIrAM ke prabhu gaharagabhIrA, hRdaya dharyo jI dhIrA, Adhi rAta prabhu darazana de hai, premanadIke tIrA. - - mIrA aba to0 1 avya: 10 Atmanivedana (prabhAta-jhiMjhoTI) aba to merA rAmanAma, dUsarA na koI (Teka) mAtA choDe pitA choDe, choDe sagA soI ; sAdhusaMga beTha beTha, lokalAja khoI. saMta dekhi doDa AI, jagata dekhi roI ; premaAMsu DAra DAra amaravela boI. mAragameM tAraNa mile, saMta rAma doI ; saMta sadA ziza upara rAma hRdaya hoI. aMtameM se taMta kADhayo, piche rahI soI ; rANe melyA bikhakA pyAlA, pIne masta hoI. aba to bAta phela gaI, jANe saba koI ; dAsa mIrAM lAla giradhara, honItI so hoI.. aba to0 2 aba to0 3 aba to04 aba to0 5 - mIrA 000 For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMdarbhasUci gujarAtI : arvAcIna cintanAtmaka gadya | viSNuprasAda 2. trivedI. - pra.A.-muMbaIH muMbaI yunivarsiTI, 1950 AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanI dharmabhAvanA / rameza ma. bhaTTa. - pra.A.- amadAvAda : trimUrti prakAzana, - 1983. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : lekha saMcaya | saMpAdaka. dhIru parIkha. - pra.A. - nyu dilhI : sAhitya akAdemI, 2002 AnaMdazaMkara dhruva smAraka graMtha saMpA. umAzaMkara jozI ane anya. - pra.A.- amadAvAda: gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI, 1944. ApaNo dharma | AnaMdazaMkara dhruva. - tU.A. - muMbaI : Ara.Ara. zeThanI kaMpanI, 1963, ArAdhanA (triguNa tRpti) | caitanyabena ja. diveTiyA. - pra.A. - amadAvAda : gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, 1968. unsIlana | anaMtarAya ma. rAvaLa. - pra.A. - amadAvAda : vorA, gAMdhI cembarsa, gAMdhImArga, 1974. upAyana | viSNuprasAda trivedI ; saMpA. vrajarAya desAI ane anya. - pra.A. - surataH SaSTipUrti sanmAna samiti. gItA rahasya athavA karmayoga / bAla gaMgAdhara TiLaka. - tR.A. - 195da. gujarAtamAM tattvaciMtana (abhyAsalekha)/ jayendrabhAI e. yAjJika (aprakAzita) dArzanika pravAho : gujarAtInA vizeSa saMdarbhamAM rAdhikA jarIvALA. - pra.A. - amadAvAda : lekhikA, 2002. dharmatattvavicAra, bhAga - 1/ narmadAzaMkara mahetA; saMpA. anaMtarAya rAvaLa. - pra.A. amadAvAda : gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, 1972. dharmavarNana | AnaMdazaMkara dhruva. - ..-vaDodarA : prAcyavidyAmaMdira, 1959. dharmavicAra bhAga-1 ane 2 | saMpA. yazavaMta zukla, dhIru parIkha, vinoda adhvaryuM. - pra.A. - gAMdhInagara : gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, 1998. (AnaMdazaMkara dhruva zreNI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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298 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana paryeSaNA : vivecana lekho / manasukhalAla jhaverI. - pra.A. -muMbaI : vorA enDa kaMpanI, 1953. buddhiprakAza - (mAsika), saMpA.yazavaMta zukla, madhusUdana pArekha ; amadAvAda : gujarAta vidyAsabhA, bhadra, Dise. 1978. bhAratIya tattvavidyA | paM.sukhalAlajI saMghavI. - hi.A.-vaDodarA : prAcya vidyAmaMdira, 1971. bhAratIya saMskAra paraMparA ane ApaNo vartamAna | harivallabha bhAyANI -pra.A. amadAvAda : pArtha prakAzana, 1994. bhAratIya saMskRtinA pAyA/zrI araviMda; anu. jayaMtilAla AcArya.- pra.sa. -poMDicerIH zrI araviMda sosAyaTI, 1972. maNilAla nabhubhAI sAhityasAdhanA | dhIrubhAI ThAkara. - pra.A. - amadAvAda : gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, 1956 . mAruM hiMdanuM darzana | javAharalAla naheru; anu. maNibhAI bha. desAI. - pra.A. - amadAvAda : navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, 1951. vedanuM rahasya, bhAga-1/zrI araviMda; anu zAMtilAla ThAkara. - pra.saM. - poMDIcerI : zrI araviMda sosAyaTI, 1973. vyApana / jayaMta koThArI. - pra.A. - amadAvAda: zabdamaMgala, 1999. zrImALa, zrImaviddAmAnunamunapraNIta / anu. AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruva, saMpA. gautama paTela. - di. A. - gAMdhInagara : saMskRta sAhitya akAdamI, 2002. sAhityaloka / rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka. - pra.A. - amadAvAda : gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, 1954. sAdhanArAyI | kSitimohana sena, saMpA. umAzaMkara joSI, ane anya, amadAvAda: zAntiniketana Azramika saMgha, - pra.A.- pR. 527, 1990. sAhityavicAra | AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruva; saMpA.rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka, umAzaMkara joSI. - dri.A. - amadAvAda: gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, 1957. sAhityavicAra | AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruva; saMpA. yazavaMta zukla, dhIru parIkha, vinoda adhvaryu. - pra.A.-gAMdhInagara : gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, 2001, For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMdarbhasUci 299 sAhitya saMsparza | viSNuprasAda 2. trivedI. pra.A. - surata sArvajanika ejyukezana sosAyaTI, 1979. siddhAMtasAra ane prANavinimaya / maNibhAI nabhubhAI dvivedI, saMpA. dhIrubhAI ThAkara. - pra. A. - gAMdhInagara : gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, 1999. saMskRti : (mAsika) | taMtrI.umAzaMkara joSI, oNgaSTa - 1963, DIse.- 1967, jAnyu. - 1969, mArca - 1969. hindu darzana / estara solomana. - pra.A. - vallabhavidyAnagara : saradAra paTela yuni. 1977 hiMdu dharmanI bALapothI | AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruva. - caturtha A. - muMbaI : sastu sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlaya, 1969. hindu vedadharma | AnaMdazaMkara dhruva. pra.A. - vaDodarA : prAcyavidyAmaMdira, 1960. hindI : anAsaktiyoga / mohanadAsa karamacaMda gAMdhI.-pra.A.-amadAvAdaH navajIvana prakAzana maMdira,1960 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa prathama bhAga / pANDuraGga vAmana kANe; anu. arjuna cobai kAzyapa. pra.saM. - lakhanaU : hindI samiti, sUcanA vibhAga, uttarapradeza / bhAratIya saMskRti : kucha vicAra | sarvapalli rAdhAkRSNana; anu. rAmanAtha 'sumana'. -pra.saM. - dilhI : rAjapAla eNDa sanja, kazmIrI geTa, 1974. vaidika vizvadarzana / harizaMkara jozI; saMpA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla. -pra.saM - vArANasI : kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, 1966. hama bhArata se kyA sIkheM | meksamUlara anu. kamalAkara tivArI. - pra.saM -jayapura : grantha vikAsa, sI-37 barphakhAnA, rAjApAkaeN 2001. English: Enduring Colonialism : Classical Presences and Modern Adsences in Indian Philosophy / A. Raghuramaraju, New Delhi : Oxford University Press, 2009 Indian Philosophy : A counter perspective / Daya Krishna, Delhi : Oxford University Press, 1996. For Personal & Private Use Only

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300 AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruva : darzana ane ciMtana Matilal's Mission : A memorial address, studies in humanities and social sciences / Michael Dummett, vol.III, no. 2, 1996, PP. 13-17. Supreme Court Cases (weekly) / ed. by Surendra Malik, P.L. Malik- Vol. 7; Issue, Part - 3. - Lucknow : Eastern Book Co. 2002. Traditional Indian Philosophy as Modern Indian Thinkers View it/ Kalidas Bhattacharyya, in Indian Philosophy : Past and Future/ edt. by Pappu, Rama Rao, S.S. and R. Puligandla, Delhi : Motilal Banarasidas, 1982. The Death of Sanskrit / Sheldon Pollock, in Comperative Studies in History and Society, Vol.43, No.2, 2001. PP. 392-426. The sudden Death of Sanskrit Knowledge / Sudipta Kaviraj, in Journal of Indian Philosophy, Vol.33, No.1, Ferbruary 2005, PP.119-42. Traverses on Less Trodden Path of Indian Philosophy and Religion / Yajneshwar S. Shastri. - 1st ed. - Ahmedabad: L.D. Institute of Indology, 1989. The Nirukta of Yaska / ed. by H. M. Bhadkamkar, Vol.-1, 1918, Bombay San skrit and Prakrit series. No. LXXIII Traditions of Truth: Changing Beliefs and the nature of Inquire/ Jonardon Ganeri, in Journal of Indian Philosophy, Vol. 33, 2005, PP 43-54. Vedic Concordance/ Mauric Bloomfield. - 2nd ed. DELHI : Motilal Banarasidas, 1964. For Personal & Private Use Only

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jyArathI mi. AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanA saMbaMdhamAM Avyo chuM tyArathI teonA para huM mohI paDyo chuM. ... mi. dhruva gujarAtanuM ratana che eTaluM ja nahIM paNa saghaLA hiMdanuM ratana che. teonI vidvattA teonA bhASaNamAMthI ja mane jaNAI che. teonI kAryakuzaLatA saMsArI jIvanamAM ghaNI jarUrI che, mane saMsArI jIvanano ghaNo anubhava che. ane meM ghaNuM sahana kIdhuM che. teonA zuddha aMtaHkaraNanA uddagAro mane ghaNA ja priya thaI paDyA che. ane mane mi. dhruvano satsaMga karavAnI UlaTa thaI che | prAcIna ane arvAcIna hiMdu saMsArano teone sAro anubhava che. mojazokhanI aMdaranI hAlamAM UcharatI prajA je killAo bAMdhIne sudhArAnA pravAhamAM vicAra karyA vagara doravAI gaI che teone mi. dhruva yogya ane ghaTate sthaLe lAvI mUkavAmAM eka nAvarUpa athavA to netArUpa che. bujharga mANaso phUlanI kiMmata karI zake che. te mujaba teoe paNa ghaTatI kadara karI che, ane juvAniyAnI sAthe maLI potAnA vicAro kevI rIte dRDhatAthI ThasAvavA tenI kAryakuneha darzAvI che. - gAMdhIjI yanmand lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidhAmaMdira amadAvAda 380 009 For Personal & Private Use Only