Jinsenacharya krut Harivansh Puran aur Sursagar me Shreekrishna

Author(s): Udayram Vaishnav
Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004299/1

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SIEXyAdA DaoN. udArAma vaiSNava jinasainAcAryakRta hanirvadhI purANa aura sUrasAgara meM zrIkRSNa prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura

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mukha pRSTha citra paricaya : Upara-kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA / meM nemikumAra dvArA zaMkhavAdana, nIceH kRSNa kA nemikumAra ke sAtha bl-priikssnn| (yaha citra prAkRta bhAratI dvArA prakAzita kalpasUtra ke pRSTha saM. 226 se liyA gayA hai|)

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prAkRta bhAratI puSpa 153 pradhAna sampAdaka sAhitya-vAcaspati ma0 vinayasAgara jaina harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara meM zrIkRSNa (tulanAtmaka adhyayana) DaoN0 udArAma vaiSNava prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura zrI jaina zve. kharataragaccha saMgha, sA~cora kAnUgo cha0 gha0 botharA ceriTebala TrasTa, sA~cora

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prakAzaka: (1) devendra rAja mehatA saMsthApaka evaM mukhya saMrakSaka, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI 13-e, mena mAlavIya nagara jayapura-302 017 dUrabhASa: 0141- 524827, 524828 cunnIlAla baraDiyA adhyakSa, zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha saMgha, (sA~cora). kuzala bhavana, zAMti nagara, sA~cora-343 041 dUrabhASaH 02979-222154 / (3) pI0 sI0 kAnago, kAnUgo chaganalAlajI ghamaNDIrAmajI . botharA ceriTebala TrasTa, sAMcora 301, tADadeva TAvara, 75-bI tADadeva ror3a, mumbaI - 400 034 . phona naM0 - 9494 2735, 9494 4303 prathama saMskaraNa, 2003 mUlyaH 250/(c) DaoN0 udArAma vaiSNava lejara TAIpa saiTiMga rAjAvata kampyUTarsa, jayapura mudraka: kamala prinTarsa, jayapura JAIN HARIVAMSH PURAN AUR SOOR-SAGAR MEIN SHRIKRISHNA/Dr. UDARAM VAISHNAVA/2003

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(prakAzakIya zrI kRSNa sambandhI sAhitya kA bhAratIya jana-jIvana va sAhitya meM mahatvapUrNa aura lokapriya sthAna hai| yaha sAhitya-dhArA purAtana se lekara Adhunika kAla taka nirantara pravAhita hotI AI hai| vibhinna yugoM meM paristhitiyoM kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa kRSNa-kAvya-rUpoM meM parivartana hotA gayA, paratu Aja bhI zrI kRSNa kA caritra sAhitya kA sazakta preraNA srota banA huA hai| kRSNa-caritra kSetra va kAla kI hI nahIM sampradAya kI sImAoM ko bhI lAMghakara vyApaka rUpa se bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai| vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM va dhArmika paramparAoM meM zrIkRSNa caritra kA apanIapanI zailI meM viziSTa varNana upalabdha hotA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA kI bhA~ti jaina paramparA meM bhI Agama sAhitya ke aneka graMthoM meM zrI kRSNa-caritra kA nirUpaNa huA hai, parantu isakI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna apekSAkRta kama hI gayA hai| jainAcArya zrI jinasena dvArA racita harivaMza purANa meM zrI kRSNa-caritra eka abhinava zailI se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zrI kRSNa ke jIvana kI amAnavIya ghaTanAoM kA bauddhika vizleSaNa kara, unake sAmAjika jIvana evaM jananAyaka svarUpa ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| jaina racanA hone ke nAte isameM zrI kRSNa ko jaina dharma se prabhAvita batAkara mokSa prApti kA sAdhana, jaina dIkSA svIkAra karanA Adi ghaTanAe~ bhI sammilita kI gaI hai| ataH isa prayatna meM kahIM-kahIM saMzaya va sthApita kathA se virodhAbhAsa avazya dikhAI par3atA hai, parantu kavi ke kRtitva tathA vidvattA meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___yadyapi saMskRta kAvya ke samasta udAtta guNa isameM vidyamAna haiM, saMskRta granthoM kI paramparA * meM jaina harivaMza purANa abhI taka upekSita grantha rahA hai| kRSNa kathA ke aise sundara evaM utkRSTa koTi ke mahAkAvya kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana abhI taka nahIM huA thaa| zodhakartA ne jaina paramparA meM kRSNa caritra ke isa suprasiddha grantha kA mahAkavi sUradAsa ke sUrasAgara kI kRSNa kathA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara isa abhAva kI pUrti karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ... AcArya jinasena ne kRSNa kathA ke mAdhyama se jaina darzana ke siddhAMtoM koM prastuta kiyA, to sUra ke ArAdhya deva hI zrI kRSNa rhe| jinasena kA pradhAna uddezya hai - dharma kI bhAva-bhUmi para bhAratIya manISA kA vistRta adhyayana

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to sUra kA mAnavIya dharAtala para zrI kRSNa kI jIvana lIlAoM ko udghATita krnaa| jinasenAcArya kA dharma-darzana tathA sUra kA bhAva-bodha donoM hI saMsAra ke kalyANArtha jinadIkSA tathA nara se nArAyaNa kI saMkalpanA karate haiN| donoM ke mArga bhinna haiM parantu lakSya prAyaH smaan| donoM apane kAla aura samAja kI viDambanAoM ko Alokita karate hue isa yuga ko eka navIna dizA denA cAhate haiN| prAkRta bhAratI apanI zodha-grantha prakAzana zrRMkhalA meM zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha saMgha, sA~cora ke sahayoga se isa anUThe tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko apane sudhI pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta kara rahI hai| ... hama DaoN0 udArAma vaiSNana ke AbhArI haiM ki isa. sundara grantha ke prakAzana kA dAyitva unhoMne hameM sauNpaa| cunnIlAla baraDiyA, adhyakSa, zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha saMgha, sA~cora ___ ma0 vinayasAgara .. nidezaka, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, __ jayapura pI0 sI0 kAnUgo kAnUgo chaganalAlajI dhamaNDIrAmajI botharA ceriTebala TrasTa, sA~cora

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(purovAkU zrI udArAma vaiSNava ne uttara gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya (pATaNa) se Ph.D. upAdhi ke lie prastuta apane zodhagrantha "jinasenAcAryakRta harivaMza purANa aura sUrasAgara meM zrIkRSNa" meM jaina paramparA evaM vaiSNava paramparA meM zrI kRSNa caritra kA vizada vivecana / vizleSaNa kara eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai| zrI vaiSNava ne apane isa zodha grantha meM jisa para uttara gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya ne unheM Ph.D. kI upAdhi pradAna kI hai, jaina paramparA va vaiSNava paramparA meM zrI kRSNa caritra ke samagra varNana ke lie Agama sAhitya se adyatana kAla taka kI racanAoM ko juTA pAnA kitanA duSkara rahA hogA, kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| DaoN. vaiSNava ne zrI kRSNa caritra kA na kevala tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA hai varan unhoMne zrI kRSNa ko bhAratIya saMskRti meM sAmpradAyika sadbhAva kA purodhA batAkara samAja ko naI dizA pradAna kI hai| ___DaoN. vaiSNava ke isa zodha-kArya se hindI sAhitya ko samRddhi milI hai tathA hindI zodha-kArya ko bhI pratiSThA milI hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki DaoN. vaiSNava kA yaha zodha kArya AgAmI pIr3hI ke lie preraNAspada rhegaa| isI mahattvapUrNa hetu se isa grantha ke prakAzana meM zrI kharataragaccha saMgha, sAMcora kA sahayoga rahA hai| astu| prakAzacanda kAnUgo pUrva adhyakSa zrI kharataragaccha jaina zvetAmbara saMgha, sAMcora

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(samarpaNa jinakI kokha se janma lekara isa saMsAra meM padArpaNa kiyA, jinake vAtsalya evaM mamatva se isa jIvana ko bodha milA, jinake mAMgalika AzIrvAda se isa jIvana ko gati milI, aisI karuNA-pu~ja, udAramanA zraddhA kI pratimUrti, jananI svargIya mIrA~ devI kI pAvana-smRti meM sAdara savinaya samarpita /

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prAkkathana zrI kRSNa sambandhI sAhitya niHsandeha bhAratIya saMskRti kI mahAna thAtI hai| yaha sAhitya-dhArA saMskRta se lekara Adhunika kAla taka nirantara pravAhita hotI AI hai| zrI kRSNa kI kathA Rgveda se Arambha ho.. hai evaM ge calakara adhikAMza bhAratIya sAhityakAroM ne isa kathA ko nata-mastaka hokara svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha bAta aura hai ki vibhinna yugoM meM paristhitiyoM kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa kRSNa kAvya rUpoM meM parivartana hotA gayA, parantu Aja bhI kRSNa-sAhitya bhAratIya-sAhitya kA sazakta preraNA kA srota banA huA hai| __ kRSNa-caritra kSetra, kAla va sampradAya kI sImAoM ko lAMghakara vyApaka rUpa se bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai| ataH vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM, dhArmika sampradAoM meM zrIkRSNa caritra kA viziSTa varNana upalabdha hotA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA kI bhA~ti jaina paramparA meM bhI Agama sAhitya se adyAvadhi kAla taka aneka granthoM meM nirUpaNa huA hai, parantu isakI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna apekSAkRta kama gayA hai| jainAcArya zrI jinasena dvArA racita harivaMza purANa bhI zrI kRSNa-caritra ke citraNa meM mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| inakI racanA meM kavi kA uddezya hai-zrI kRSNa kI amAnavIya ghaTanAoM kA bauddhika vizleSaNa karanA, unake sAmAjika jIvana evaM jananAyaka svarUpa ko prakaTa karanA tathA zrI kRSNa ko jaina dharma se prabhAvita batAkara mokSa prApti kA sAdhana, jaina dIkSA svIkAra krnaa| jinasenAcArya ne apane grantha meM kRSNa kathA ko isa taraha pallavita kiyA hai, jisase jaina darzana ke prati logoM ko AkarSita kiyA jA ske| ataH isa prayatna meM kahIM-kahIM saMzaya kI bhAva-bhUmi hI dRSTigocara hotI hai, parantu kavi ke kRtitva tathA vaidagdhya meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| * ' saMskRta granthoM kI paramparA meM harivaMza purANa (jaina) abhI taka upekSita grantha rahA hai| yadyapi saMskRta sAhitya ke samasta udAtta guNa isameM vidyamAna haiN| jinasenAcArya kI yaha racanA, jaina kRSNa kAvya kI upajIvya rahI hai parantu kRSNa kathA ke aise sundara evaM utkRSTa koTi ke mahAkAvya kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana abhI taka nahIM huA thaa| ataH maiMne jaina paramparA meM kRSNa caritra ke isa suprasiddha grantha kA mahAkavi sUradAsa ke sUrasAgara kI kRSNa kathA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara isa abhAva kI pUrti karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| harivaMza purANa aura sUrasAgara donoM hI kRSNa-kAvya-mAlA ke vareNya ratna haiM / AcArya jinasena ne kRSNa kathA ke bahAne jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA, to sUra ke % 3E

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ArAdhya deva hI zrI kRSNa haiN| jinasena kA pradhAna uddezya hai-dharma kI bhAva-bhUmi para bhAratIya manISA kA vistRta adhyayana to sUra kA mAnavIya dharAtala para zrI kRSNa kI jIvana lIlAoM ko udghATita krnaa| jinasenAcArya kA dharma-darzana tathA sUra kA bhAva-bodha donoM hI saMsAra ke kalyANArtha jinadIkSA tathA nara se nArAyaNa kI saMkalpanA karate haiN| donoM ke mArga bhinna haiM parantu lakSya prAyaH smaan| donoM apane kAla aura samAja kI viDambanAoM ko Alokita karate hue isa yuga ko eka navIna dizA denA cAhate haiN| ataH ina donoM mahAn granthoM ke viSaya ke anuzIlana kI ora merA dhyAna AkRSTa huA evaM isa zodha prabandha kI AdhArazilA rkhii| prastuta zodha prabandha jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa evaM sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa (tulanAtmaka adhyayana) ko sAta paricchedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama pariccheda meM harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se pUrva kRSNa-kAvya-paramparA para vistAra pUrvaka dRSTipAta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakaraNa meM jaina paramparA meM Agama sAhitya se tathA vaiSNava paramparA meM vedoM se lagAkara adyAvadhi kAla taka kRSNa-kAvya-paramparA ko vyApaka rUpa se vizleSita kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya pariccheda meM harivaMzapurANa ke racayitA jinasenAcArya tathA sUrasAgara ke praNetA sUradAsa ke vyaktitva va kRtitva ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| kRti ke tRtIya adhyAya kA vizeSa mahattva hai, jisameM donoM granthoM ke viSaya kRSNa caritra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| harivaMza purANa ke kRSNa kathAtmaka bhavya prasaMga ajaina pAThakoM meM jijJAsA utpanna kara unheM navIna cintana va zodha ke lie prerita karate haiN| mahattva kI dRSTi se yaha adhyAya prastuta zodha prabandha kA hRdaya hai| zodha prabandha ke caturtha adhyAya meM donoM granthoM ke AdhAra para donoM hI kavi-ratnoM kI dArzanika vicAradhArA kA vistAra pUrvaka anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai| pA~cavA adhyAya kAvya sauSThava se sambandhita hai| isameM donoM granthoM kI bhASA, zailI, chanda va alaMkAra ke AdhAra para kalA pakSa kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| zodha prabandha kA chaThA adhyAya harivaMzapurANa kI navIna udbhAvanAoM para AdhArita hai, jisameM jaina paramparA ke AdhAra para kRSNa caritra ko alaga dRSTikoNa se dekhA gayA hai| prabandha ke antima adhyAya meM donoM Alocya kRtiyoM kA paravartI sAhitya para prabhAva kA savistAra vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM harivaMzapurANa upajIvya kRti rahI hai| zatAbdiyoM se yaha kRti kRSNa caritra ke sambandha meM Aja bhI jaina sAhitya meM mUlAdhAra rUpa meM svIkAra kI jAtI hai| vastutaH dekhA jAe to vibhinna yugoM meM, kAloM meM eka nahIM aneka kRSNa hue haiM jinake caritra va vyaktitva kA kAlAntara meM eka hI kRSNa meM samanvaya huA dRSTigocara hotA hai| isake alAvA kRSNa lIlA ke AkhyAna AdhyAtmika va pratIkAtmakatA ko savizeSa ujAgara karate haiN| aitihAsikatA ko lekara yadyapi isa para svataMtra zodha kA dvAra khulA hai

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tathApi brahma, avatArI, mAnavopama zrI kRSNa kA eka meM aneka kI vyaktitva prabhA se Alokita prabhA-rUpa hI kaviyoM ko grAhya tathA mAnya rahA hai| AcArya jinasena va sUradAsa bhinna-bhinna paramparA ke kavi rahe haiN| unakI bhASA va racanA kAla alaga-alaga hai parantu donoM kaviyoM ke varNya viSaya meM zrI kRSNa caritra kA mAnavatAvAdI svarUpa dikhAI detA hai, vahI inakI sarvazreSTha siddhi hai| prastuta zodha prabandha jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa evaM sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa meM donoM granthoM kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM yogadAna va unakI sAhityika va sAMskRtika mahattA ko ujAgara kara jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kA prayAsa hai| yaha zodha kArya DaoN. harIza gajAnana zukla (nivRta prAcArya evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, ArTsa eNDa sAyansa kaoNleja, pATaNa (uttara gujarAta) kI preraNA, satata protsAhana, saphala mArgadarzana kA pariNAma hai| unake Atmika sneha va mArgadarzana ke lie maiM unakA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| DaoN. kapUracaMda jaina, nidezaka ke.ke. DigrI kaoNleja khataulI (uttara pradeza), adhyakSa sevA mandira rAvaTI jodhapura, DaoN. gulAbacaMda jaina, prakAzana adhikArI bhAratIya jJAna pITha, naI dillI, kAnajIbhAI paTela, prAcArya ArTsa evaM sAyansa kaoNleja pATaNa, vinIta gosvAmI, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa ArTsa eNDa sAyasa kaoNleja pilavaI (uttara gujarAta), munIzrI kIrtivijaya jI evaM mitra zrI DaoN. husaina khA~ zekha, zrI kalyANa siMha cauhAna, pravINa paNDayA kA maiM AbhArI hU~ jinake saujanyapUrNa sahayoga evaM preraNA se maiM sadaiva lAbhAnvita rahA huuN| pUjya pitAjI zrI caturadAsa jI vaiSNava evaM agraja zrI natthurAma jI vaiSNava kI asIma anukampA ko AbhAra jaise aupacArika zabdoM kA prayoga kara maiM ghaTAnA nahIM caahtaa| anuja mAnadAsa vaiSNava ke sahayoga ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA, jisane isa zodha prabandha ko vyavasthita svarUpa pradAna karane meM merI madada kii| aMta meM maiM una sabhI maharSiyoM evaM vidvAnoM ke prati apanI zraddhAMjalI samarpita karatA hU~ jinake sAhitya ko maiMne isa grantha meM ni:saMkoca bhAva se upayoga kiyA hai| . yaha grantha zrI prakAzacandra botharA, pUrva adhyakSa kharataragaccha saMgha sAMcaura evaM prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura ke nidezaka, sAhityavAcaspati mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI ke sahayoga se prakAzita hokara pAThakoM ke hAtha meM hai, ataH maiM unakA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki merA yaha laghu prayAsa kRSNa kAvya paramparA kI navIna dizAe~ prastuta karane meM upayogI siddha hogaa| -DaoN. udArAma vaiSNava prAdhyApaka (hindI) rA.u.mA.vi. sAMcaura (rAja.) - - 26

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zubhAzaMsA bhAratIya sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa ke caritra, alaukika vyaktitva aura lIlAoM kA varNana purAtana kAla se hotA AyA hai| unakI lIlAoM evaM upadezoM kA gaharA prabhAva jana jIvana kalA evaM sAhitya meM spaSTataH dekhA jA sakatA hai| unakA virATa vyaktitva samasta bhAratIya sAhitya para chAyA huA hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM vedoM se lekara adyAvadhi taka inake virATa vyaktitva ne bhArata ke AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika kSetroM ko samAna rUpa se AvRta kara rakhA hai| vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM, dhArmika sampradAyoM, paramparAoM meM zrI kRSNa sAhitya sazakta preraNA kA srota rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA kI bhA~ti jaina paramparA ke bhI aneka graMthoM meM kRSNa caritra kA nirUpaNa huA hai| saMskRta sAhitya-paramparA meM racita "harivaMza purANa" jaina muni jainAcArya zrI jinasena kI zrI kRSNa caritra para AdhArita amara kRti hai| isameM zrI kRSNa kA amAnavIya ghaTanAoM kA bauddhika vizleSaNa kara Adarza mAnavIya mUlyoM kI gaveSaNA, zrI kRSNa ko jana-nAyaka ke rUpa meM prakaTa karanA tathA jaina darzana ke prati logoM kI AsthA paidA karanA racanAkAra kA mUla lakSya rahA hai| idhara 'sUrasAgara' bhAratIya sAMskRtika cetanA kA pratIka va madhyakAlIna kRSNa kAvya kI eka asAdhAraNa evaM viziSTa upalabdhi hai| ye donoM hI graMtha apanI dharmadarzanA tathA bhAva bodha kI dRSTi se jana-kalyANArtha jina-dIkSA tathA nara se nArAyaNa banAne kI saMkalpanA meM apratima haiN| donoM ke mArga alaga-alaga ho sakate haiM, lakSya samAna hai| dharma kI bhAva-bhUmi para donoM pRthak ho sakate haiM, saMskRti, bhASA evaM vicAra ke stara para bhAratIya manISA ke abhinna aMga haiN| Aja kA kRSNa caritra ekAdhika kRSNa nAmadhArI mahApuruSoM kA samanvita rUpa hai| itihAsa aura kalpanA ke AdhAra para hue isa samanvaya meM aitihAsika zrI kRSNa ke satya jIvana caritra ko khoja pAnA asambhava sA ho gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja ke janajIvana meM mAnavIya mUlyoM kA uttarottara hrAsa ho rahA hai| vastutaH sAhityakAra lokanAyaka ke mAdhyama se hI zAzvata jIvana-mUlyoM ko samAja taka pahu~cAne kA saphala prayAsa karatA hai| AcArya jinasena evaM mahAtmA sUradAsa; donoM hI bhinna-bhinna paramparA ke kavi haiM, unakI bhASA evaM racanAkAla bhI alaga-alaga hai; phira bhI donoM kaviyoM ke varNya-viSaya meM kRSNa caritra ke mAnavatAvAdI svarUpa ko ujAgara karanA zodhArthI kA mUla abhipreta hai| sAtha hI saMskRta sAhitya ke udAtta guNoM se alaMkRta "harivaMza purANa" graMtha ratna kA SIVE

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upekSita rahanA tathA isa prakAra ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke abhAva ko dekha, isa kSatipUrti ke lie DaoN. udArAma vaiSNava kI puruSArtha preraNA zlAghanIya hai| DaoN. udArAma vaiSNava apanI vinamratA, saralatA evaM sAdagI ke sAtha adhyavasAyI, pratibhA sampanna, niSThAvAna vidyArthI rahe haiN| sAtha hI eka niSThAsampanna saphala adhyApaka ke rUpa meM inakA paricaya evaM vyaktitva ananyatama hai| svAdhyAyazIla svabhAva ke kAraNa inakA zodhakArya bhI utanA hI prAMjala evaM garimA se yukta bana gayA hai| unhoMne mere nirdezana meM uttara gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, pATana kI pI-eca.DI. upAdhi "jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMza purANa aura sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa" (eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana) viSaya para bar3e sammAna ke sAtha prApta kI hai| yaha zodha graMtha Aja jaba loka hitArtha prakAzita ho rahA hai to maiM apanI hArdika zubhakAmanAoM evaM badhAI ke sAtha atIva prasannatA kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| apane vidyArthiyoM kA saMtoSa aura saphalatA hI adhyApaka kI dhana zakti hai, yahI gurudakSiNA hai| __DaoN. udArAma vaiSNava kA viSaya maulika, upAdeya evaM prAsaMgika bhI utanA hI hai| zodhArthI kA sAmagrI vibhAjana aitihAsika hai tathA pratipAdana zailI sarala, suspaSTa evaM sazakta hai| aneka maulika sthApanAe~; anusaMdhAna kI naI dizAoM kI ora bhI saMketa karatI haiN| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha ko sAta paricchedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| Alocya kRtiyoM ke kAvyotkarSa para taTastha, vaijJAnika tathA tathya saMkalana-paraka dRSTi evaM adhyayana paraka niSkarSa prazaMsanIya hai| ___ saMkSepa meM prastuta zodha prabaMdha do bhinna paramparA ke kaviyoM kI zrI kRSNa viSayaka avadhAraNA tathA sAMskRtika cetanA kA sUkSma evaM garimAyukta anuzIlana hai, jo prAmANika, vaijJAnika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi sampanna hai| prema, zAMti, pavitratA se paripUrNa sampUrNa sukha ke AzAvAda kA sUryodaya ho-isI zubha bhAvanA ke sAtha isa sazakta, maulika prasthApanAoM kA hastAkSara rUpa isa prabaMdha kA maiM hArdika svAgata karatA huuN| zodha kI naI saMbhAvanAoM ke dvAra kholane vAle tathA zodha guNoM se alaMkRta yaha prabaMdha sAhityika-AdhyAtmika paramparA ke sAtha jana-mAnasa meM tathA vidvajjanoM meM eka vizeSa avadAna ke sAtha samAdRta hogaa| . . punaH hArdika zubhakAmanAoM evaM badhAI ke saath| 17, zAlIna baMgaloja gulAba TaoNvara, thalateja ahamadAbAda-54 dUrabhASa : 7430115 - DaoN. harIza gajAnana zukla' pUrva AcArya evaM adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga ArTsa kaoNleja (uttara gujarAta, vizva vidyAlaya) pATana (uttara gujarAta)

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prastuti bhagavAn zrI kRSNa jagata kI vaha anupama mazAla thI, jisake prakAza meM janatA ne vyAvahArika jIvana kI kalAoM kA bodha prApta kiyaa| ... zrI kRSNa ke viSaya meM janatA kI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki ve hinduoM ke, hindu dharma ke Izvara haiN| jaina darzana yA dharma kA inase koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| . .. ____ lekina yaha mAnyatA bhrama se bharI huI hai| zrI kRSNa ke saMbaMdha meM jaina vAGmaya meM pracura itivRtta upalabdha hotA hai| . bhagavAn zrI neminAtha ke cacere bhAI the-zrI kRSNa / ataH zrI kRSNa kA jahA~-jahA~ bhI varNana AyA, vahA~ tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA nAma AnA atyanta prAsaMgika hI thaa| isa saMbaMdha meM kharataragacchAcArya zrI jinakIrtiratnasUri racita neminAtha mahAkAvyam draSTavya hai, jisameM zrI kRSNa ke jIvana kI mahimA kA bhI pracura varNana huA hai| prastuta zodha nibandha jaina zAstra "harivaMza purANa va sUrasAgara,meM varNita zrI kRSNa" ke svarUpa kI tulanAtmaka vivecanA hai| ___vastutaH dhArmika siddhAntoM kI vivecanA meM jo thor3A bahuta pRthaktva najara AtA hai, usake alAvA zrI kRSNa caritra ke saMbaMdha meM koI vizeSa matabheda najara nahIM aataa| vAstava meM dIrgha dRSTi se udAravAdI, vizAla ciMtanapUrNa mastiSka ke jharokhe se dekhA jAya to sAra yahI nikalatA hai ki sAre dharmoM kA zuddha lakSya sarvaguNasampanna, sarvaduHkharahita, Adhi-upAdhi vihIna, akhaMDa Ananda yukta mokSa ko prApta karanA hai| isa lakSya kA sAdhana hai--mAnavatA ke guNoM kI praakaasstthaa| ___jaba taka mAnavIya guNoM kI AbhA vyavahAra aura AcaraNa meM pratibimbita nahIM hogI, taba taka mokSa kI kalpanA korI kalpanA raha jAyegI, yathArtha nahIM bana sktii| mAnavIya guNoM ko puraskRta karanA, yaha hara mahApuruSa kA saMdeza rahA hai| ve svayaM apanI jIvana prakriyA ko isI AcAra niSThA meM tapAte haiM, tabhI ve udAharaNa aura pratIka banakara patha-pradarzaka banate haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa ke isI guNa ko prakharatA se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai to sUrasAgara ke zrI kRSNa kA varNana bhI mAnavIya dharAtala se IzvarIya kSamatA kI anamola avadhAraNA se jur3A huA hai| -

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prastuta zodha prabandha meM lekhaka udArAma vaiSNava ne apanI tIkSNa/sUkSma pratibhA kA paricaya dete hue bar3I hI khUbI ke sAtha donoM granthoM kA tulanAtmaka abhyAsa prastuta kiyA hai| inhoMne isa prabandha meM mAtra satya ko chuA hai| sAMpradAyika abhiniveza ke kAraNa kahIM bhI viSayavastu ke sAtha koI cher3achAr3a nahIM kI gaI hai| yaha isa zodha prabandha kI niSpakSatA va usake pUrNa parizIlana kA paricAyaka hai| maiM kAmanA karatA hU~ ki isa navanIta kA lAbha uThAyeM aura zrI kRSNa ke upadeza meM se apane jIvana-vyavahAra ko vizuddhi ke dharAtala para calAkara yAtrA ke lakSya-dhAma phuNcaayeN| maiM zrI vaiSNava ko apanA AzIrvAda dete hue yaha kAmanA karU~gA ki ve isI prakAra ke tulanAtmaka adhyayanoM meM aura juTeM, tAki bhAratIya asmitA kA niSpakSa va : sarvadharmasamanvayakArI vyaktitva ubhre| kuzala bhavana sA~cora gaNivarya maNiprabhasAgara - VIIE

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do zabda sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hai| DaoN. udArAma vaiSNava sAhityakAra, samAjasevI tathA saMta prakRti ke vyakti haiN| adhyAtma premI DaoN. udArAma vaiSNava vibhinna samAja sevI saMsthAoM se jur3e hue haiM tathA gau sevA, vikalAMga tathA Arogya sevAoM se jur3akara mahattI mAnava sevA sampAdita kara rahe haiN| sAhitya tathA samAja sevA ke AyojanoM ke saMcAlana meM inakI bhUmikA prazaMsanIya hai| kumAra sAhitya pariSad dvArA hindI sevA ke sAtha hI vaidika pracAra-prasAra samiti 'satyapura' dvArA saMskRta tathA saMskRti sevA bhI zlAghanIya haiN| DaoN. vaiSNava ne jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa (tulanAtmaka adhyayana) zodha grantha dvArA sAhitya sAgara meM eka aura motI yukta kara diyA hai| isa zodha kArya se na kevala hindI sAhitya kI abhivRddhi huI hai, apitu jaina dharma aura hindU dharma ke dArzanika evaM aitihAsika tattvoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se inameM nihita sanAtana ekatA kA bhI nidarzana huA hai| ___ yaha grantha sAhitya premiyoM, adhyAtma patha pathikoM ke lie upAdeya siddha hogA sAtha hI isa viSaya ke anusandhitsu varga ke lie dizA nidarzana kA kArya bhI karegA, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| DaoN. husaina khA~ "zekha" pradhAnAdhyApaka (Ara.I.esa.) behalimoM kA vAsa, sAMcaura

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viSaya-sUcI prathama-pariccheda : zrI kRSNa kAvya paramparA 1-64 prastAvanA : zrI kRSNa kA sArvabhauma vyaktitva [1]; 'kRSNa' zabda kI vyutpatti [4]; vedoM meM zrIkRSNa [5]; upaniSadoM meM zrIkRSNa [8]; mahAbhArata meM zrIkRSNa [9]; purANoM meM zrIkRSNa [13]; kRSNa aura krAisTa [18]; AbhIroM ke bAlakRSNa [20]; saMskRta sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa [22]; kRSNa bhakti udbhava aura vikAsa [25]; hindI sAhitya meM kRSNa bhakti kAvya [30]; vallabha sampradAya ke pramukha kavi [30]; rAdhA-vallabha sampradAya ke kRSNa bhakta kavi [35]; gauDIya sampradAya ke kRSNa bhakta kavi [40]; sampradAya nirapekSa kRSNa bhakta kavi [42]; prabandhAtmaka evaM muktaka zailI meM racita kRSNa kAvya [45]; avadhI kRSNa kAvya [49]; Adhunika kAla meM kRSNa kAvya [50]; jaina sAhitya paramparA meM zrIkRSNa [53]; Agama sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - [53]; Agametara sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa [54] / dvitIya-pariccheda : jinasenAcArya evaM sUradAsa kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 65-116 (ka) jinasenAcArya evaM harivaMzapurANa 65-84 prastAvanA : AcArya jinasenaM kA vyaktitva [65]; punnATa saMgha [67]; digambara sampradAya aura harivaMzapurANa [68]; harivaMza ke jinasena AdipurANa ke racayitA se bhinna [68]: harivaMzapurANa kA racanA kAla [69]; tatkAlIna rAjAoM kA varNana [71]; kAThiyAvAr3a ke bar3havANa meM punnATa saMgha [73]; jinasena dvArA nirdiSTa pUrvavartI vidvAna [74]; jinasenAcArya kI guru-paramparA [79]; harivaMzapurANa kA mUlAdhAra [80]; jinasenAcArya kI pramANika kRti : harivaMzapurANa [81]; harivaMzapurANa mudraNa aura prakAzana [84] / (kha) mahAkavi sUradAsa evaM sUrasAgara 85-103 sUradAsa jIvanavRtta [85]; sUradAsa nAma eka, vyakti aneka [85]; vaMza paricaya [86]; janma tithi-vidvAnoM meM matabheda [87]; janma sthAna [89]; sUra kA andhatva [90]; sUra

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kA bacapana [92]; dIkSA [93]; aSTachApa kI sthApanA [94]; sUra kI racanAe~ [98]; varNya viSaya, mudraNa evaM prakAzana [103] / tRtIya-pariccheda : harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kI kathAvastu 117-207 khaNDa-prathama [ kRSNa-caritra kA pUrvArddha] prastAvanA [117]; zrIkRSNa kI janma lIlA [119]; bAla-krIr3A [121]; zrIkRSNa kA candra prastAva [123]; zrIkRSNa ke lokottara parAkrama [124]; (ka) pUtanA vadha [124]; (kha) kAgAsUra vadha [125]; (ga) zakaTa bhaMjana [126]; (gha) tRNAvRta vadha va anya asurAdi vadha [127]; Ukhala-bandhana evaM yamalArjuna uddhAra [128]; gocAraNa . prasaMga [130]; kAliyanAga-damana [132]; govardhana dhAraNa [134]; zrIkRSNa dvArA dAvAnala-pAna [136]; zrIkRSNa kI rasika lIlAe~ [137]; (ka) rAsa lIlA [138]; (kha) panaghaTa lIlA [142]; (ga) dAna lIlA [145]; (gha) hiMDolA [149]; (Ga) cIraharaNa lIlA [150]; (ca) vasanta lIlA [152]; akrUra kA brajagamana [153]; rajata vRtAnta [155]; kuvalayApIr3a-vadha [156]; cANUra tathA muSTika vadha [157]; kaMsa vadha [158] / khaNDa-dvitIya [ kRSNa caritra kA uttarArddha ] zrIkRSNa dvArA ugrasena kA rAjyAbhiSeka [159]; nanda kA braja lauTanA [160]; uddhava kI . braja yAtrA [161]; kAlayavana vadha [163]; zrIkRSNa kA dvArakA gamana [165]; zrIkRSNa dvArA rukmiNIharaNa [167]; zrIkRSNa ke anya vivAha [171]; pradyumna janma aura vivAha [175]; zizupAla vadha [177]; sudAmA para zrIkRSNa kI kRpA [181]; zrIkRSNa dvArA pANDavoM ko sahAyatA [184]; jarAsaMdha vadha [190]; zrIkRSNa kA nArAyaNa svarUpa [192]; yAdavoM kA vinAza [195]; zrIkRSNa kA paramadhAma gamana [198]; upasaMhAra [200] / caturtha-pariccheda : harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara meM darzana 208-255 prastAvanA : jaina dharma [208]; samyak darzana [209]; samyak jJAna [210]; samyak cAritra [212]; jIva aura AtmA [214]; mAyA aura bandha [218]; mokSa [223]; avatAravAda [231]; pApa-puNya aura karma [234]; punarjanma [237]; sUrasAgara aura rAsa [240]; harivaMzapurANa aura syAdvAda [246]; niSkarSa [249] /

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paMcama-pariccheda : harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kA kalApakSa 256-323 prastAvanA : rasavidhAna [256]; vAtsalya-rasa [257]; zRMgAra-rasa [260]; hAsyarasa [263]; karUNa-rasa [264]; raudra-rasa [266]; vIra-rasa [267]; bhayAnaka-rasa [268]; bIbhatsa-rasa [269]; adbhuta-rasa [269]; zAnta-rasa [270] ; bhakti [271]; chanda-vidhAna [271]; harivaMzapurANa meM prayukta chanda [271]; sUrasAgara meM prayukta chanda evaM paddhatiyA~ [277]; (ka) dohA-paddhati [278]; (kha) chappaya-paddhati [278]; (ga) daNDaka-paddhati [279]; (gha) caupAI-paddhati [279]; alaMkAravidhAna [282]; (ka) zabdAlaMkAra [283]; (kha) arthAlaMkAra [287]; harivaMzapurANa kA varNana-kauzala [294]; prakRti varNana [294]; nArI saundarya varNana [296]; sUrasAgara kA varNana-kauzala [297]; harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kA kAvyarUpa [299]; bhASA [306]; harivaMzapurANa kI bhASA [306]; sUrasAgara kI bhASA [308]; sUktiyA~ evaM muhAvare-(ka) harivaMzasya sUktayaH [311]; (kha) sUrasAgara meM prayukta muhAvare va lokoktiyA~ [316] / SaSTha-pariccheda : harivaMzapurANa meM zrIkRSNa sambandhI navIna udbhAvanAe~ 324-353 prastAvanA : jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa kathA evaM harivaMzapurANa [324]; zrIkRSNa kI vaMza paramparA [325]; zrIkRSNa ke cacere bhAI ariSTanemi [327]; zrIkRSNa kA AdhyAtmika rAjapuruSa svarUpa [332]; zalAkApuruSa zrIkRSNa [333]; zrIkRSNa ke vivAha [336]; zrIkRSNa ke sahodara evaM gajasukumAra [337]; zrIkRSNa ke putra [341]; draupadIharaNa evaM zrIkRSNa dvArA use vApisa lAnA [343]; zrIkRSNa kA pANDavoM para kupita honA [346]; zrIkRSNa kI bahina evaM durgA [347]; mahAmuni nArada-vRttAnta [348]; zrIkRSNa parivAra kI jaina dharma se dIkSA [349]; niSkarSa [350] / saptama-pariccheda : harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kA paravartI . sAhitya para prabhAva evaM upasaMhAra 354-388 * harivaMzapurANa kA paravartI sAhitya para prabhAva-(ka) saMskRta-kRtiyA~ [354]; (kha) apabhraMza kRtiyA~ [355]; (ga) hindI-kRtiyA~ [355]; jaina kRSNa kAvya paramparA meM harivaMzapurANa

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kA sthAna [360]; bhAratIya saMskRti ko harivaMzapurANa kA yogadAna [362]; sUrasAgara kA paravartI sAhitya para prabhAva-(ka) aSTachApa ke kaviyoM para sUra kA prabhAva [365]; (kha) rItikAlIna kAvya [368]; (ga) AdhunikakAlIna kAvya [369]; kRSNa bhakti kAvya paramparA meM sUrasAgara kA sthAna [371]; sUrasAgara kI prAsaMgikatA [373]; niSkarSa [375]; upasaMhAra [376] / sandarbha-grantha-sUcI hindI grantha [385]; saMskRta grantha [386]; gujarAtI va aMgrejI grantha [388]; patrapatrikAe~ [388] / 000

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zrI kRSNa-kAvya-paramparA zrI kRSNa kA sArvabhauma vyaktitva : bhAratIya dharmagranthoM meM jina mahApuruSoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, unameM rAma aura kRSNa vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| rAma rAjA, maryAdApuruSottama evaM prajApAlaka haiM isalie janasAdhAraNa kI dRSTi meM ve ArAdhya, pUjya aura zraddhA ke pAtra haiM parantu isake viparIta zrI kRSNa kI yaza-gAthA to nirAlI hai| unakI pahacAna svayaM meM eka adbhuta bhI hai aura advitIya bhii| phalasvarUpa Aja bhI zrI kRSNa kA vyaktitva dharma, sampradAya, bhASA, jAti evaM kSetra kI parisImAoM kA ullaMghana kara rASTrIya saMskRti kI dharohara evaM antarrASTrIya ekatA kA pratIka bana gayA hai| . Aja zrI kRSNa kI sarvavyApakatA ke sambandha meM mata-vaibhinya nahIM hai| kRSNacaritra pUrNa rUpa se bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM vizeSa AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai| yaha eka aisA divya aura aitihAsika caritra rahA hai jo ki Aja aneka samudAyoM meM, samAja meM tathA saMsAra meM svayaM ke.sArvabhaumika vyaktitva ke lie nAnA prakAra kI sImAoM ko lAMgha kara hamArI ucca sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke samanvaya meM setu kA kArya karate hue antarrASTrIya khyAti kA pAtra banA hai| zrI kRSNa AkarSaNa kI pratimUrti aura pUrNatA ke rahasyamaya pratIka rahe haiN| ve yogI bhI haiM evaM bhogI bhI haiM tathA donoM se Upara bhii| zrI kRSNa ne jIvana meM rAga kI, prema kI, kAma kI, yoga kI, bhoga kI evaM dhyAna Adi kI samasta dizAoM ko eka sAtha svIkAra kiyA hai| ___ zrI kRSNa ke jIvana kA rahasya unakI cetanA ke adbhuta Ananda meM samAhita hai| unakI cetanA kA Ananda eka aisA Ananda hai, jahA~ sukha hai parantu sukha kA ullAsa nahIM, duHkha hai parantu du:kha kA viSAda nhiiN| zrI kRSNa ke vyaktitva meM eka prasAra hai, phailAva hai, usase unakI pUrNatA ananta hai| - zrI kRSNa ke jIvana kA eka-eka prasaMga manuSya ko saccA mArgadarzana pradAna karatA hai ataH unake jIvana meM sUrya kI prakharatA evaM candra kI saumyatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| unake jIvana meM jJAna, karma aura bhakti kA triveNI-saMgama evaM buddhi, prema aura parAkrama kA anUThA samanvaya dikhAI detA hai|

Page #24
zrI kRSNa kI inhIM mahAnatAoM ke kAraNa kaI bhaktoM ne apane sampUrNa jIvana ko unake prati nyauchAvara kara diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, Aja unake pratIka-svarUpa kA darzana karane ke lie hajAroM bhakta tar3apate, chaTapaTAte dikhAI dete haiN| yaha cintanIya prasaMga hai ki kauna-sI mahAnatA thI usa AtmA meM? kanyAe~, Aja jisake samatulya vara milane ke saMkalpoM ko apane mana meM pAle rakhatI haiM, mAtAe~ zrI kRSNa jaisA baccA prApta karane kI apane iSTadeva ke samakSa manautI rakhatI haiM aura yuvaka aisI hI adbhuta evaM vaphAdAra, hara paristhiti meM sAtha dene vAle mitra kA sAtha milane kI AzAoM-AkAMkSAoM ko apane mana meM saMjoye hue haiN| isa vRttAnta se spaSTa hotA hai ki zrI kRSNa eka mahAn, guNavAna, mahAtmA, koI adbhuta tejasvI evaM vilakSaNa yA asAdhAraNa hastI kA nAma thaa| yaha bAta sanAtana satya hai ki zrI kRSNa sarvaguNa sampanna aura solaha kalAoM se pUrNa avatAra, nirvikArI evaM maryAdApuruSottama the| zrI kRSNa-caritra bar3A hI rahasyamaya evaM darzana kI taraha gUDha rahA hai| vibhinna janazrutiyoM--dArzanika-dhArmika mAnyatAoM, paurANika AkhyAnoM evaM kavi kalpanAoM ne zrI kRSNa caritra ko eka aisA samanvita svarUpa pradAna kara diyA hai ki unameM se aitihAsika kRSNa ko DhUMr3hanA asaMbhava nahIM to kaThina avazya rahA hai| dArzanika evaM dhArmika mAnyatAoM ne zrI kRSNa ko viSNu kA avatAra tathA parabrahma ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai to kaviyoM ne inheM rasanAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| "sampUrNa bhAratIya itihAsa meM kRSNa kA caritra eka aisA caritra rahA hai jo apane vividhamukhI paramparA, virodhI vyaktitva, lokanAyakatva, sAmAjika-dhArmika rUDha mAnyatAoM kA bhaMjaka, ghora vilAsI hote hue bhI yogirAja, rAjanIti aura kUTanIti ke dakSa prayoktA, asura-saMhAraka, udbhaTTa-ciMtaka aura yugadraSTA tathA bhakti ke sabase lalita, AkarSaka evaM mohaka rUpa kA adhikArI rahA hai| zrI kRSNa ke isa prakAra itane vividhamukhI svarUpa rahe haiM ki inheM eka hI vyakti mAnane meM sahaja hI vizvAsa nahIM hotaa| ina virodhoM meM bhI zrI kRSNa kI pUrNatA kA rahasya chipA hai| ve jIvana ko samagra evaM sahajarUpa se svIkAra karate haiN| AcArya rajanIza ke anusAra bhI zrI kRSNa pUrNa haiM, zUnya haiM aura akhaNDanIya haiN| zrI kRSNa to darpaNa kI bhA~ti svaccha evaM nirlipta haiN| jisa prakAra darpaNa meM hara vyakti apanA pratibimba dekha sakatA hai ThIka usI taraha hara vyakti apanA manovAMchita kRSNa rUpa nihAra sakatA hai| zrImadbhagavatagItA meM zrI kRSNa ne yahI kahA hai ki jo bhakta mujhe jisa rUpa meM bhajatA hai, maiM use usI rUpa meM prApta hotA huuN| zrI kRSNa apane viziSTa guNoM se yukta hone ke bAvajUda bhI ve janasAdhAraNa ke bIca meM rahate haiM aura unake samAna AcaraNa karate haiN| ve janasAdhAraNa ke mitravat haiM jinheM bhalA-burA kahane meM bhakta tanika bhI saMkoca nahIM krte| isalie unake jIvana-AdarzoM dvArA janatA ko prabhAvita karane kA atyadhika sAmarthya rahA hai|

Page #25
vedoM meM zrI kRSNa ko mantradraSTA RSi ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai parantu mahAbhAratakAra ne unheM rAjanIti ke kuzala saMcAlaka aura sarvazreSTha yoddhA ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| bhISmapitAmaha jaise vayovRddha zrI kRSNa ko yuga kA sarvazreSTha vyakti aura bhagavAn kA avatAra ghoSita karate haiM lekina yahIM kRSNa bacapana meM gokula meM dUdha-dahI kI corI karate phirate haiM, kizora-vaya meM rAdhA tathA gopikAoM ke sAtha rAsa-lIlA meM tallIna rahate haiN| phira atyAcArI kaMsa kA vadha karane evaM sampUrNa rAga se nirlipta bana rAjanIti kA kuzala saMcAlana karane mathurA cale jAte haiN| kaI vidvAn inake tInoM rUpoM ko bhinna-bhinna vyaktitva ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki kAlAntara meM nAma sAmya hone ke kAraNa kRSNa ke ina tInoM rUpoM kA ekIkaraNa ho gyaa| bhArata kI pAvana bhUmi para janme usa adbhuta athavA rASTra ke gauravazAlI itihAsa ke dharohara kA ekamAtra AdhAra stambha, samasta divya guNoM se alaMkRta, daivI-maryAdAoM ke uttama udAharaNa svarUpa zrI kRSNa ko Aropita karane ke lie aneka anargala aura nirarthaka bAteM batAI jAtI haiM jo bhArata kI uccatama susabhyatA aura gauravamayI saMskRti ko dUSita aura abhizapta karane meM madada rUpa banatI haiM parantu sacce arthoM meM zrI kRSNa kA mahAn caritra unakI samajha se pare hai| isI se to zrI kRSNa ke kriyAkalApoM ko caritra na kahakara lIlA kahA gayA hai| unakA jIvana eka abhinaya thA, jise samajhane ke lie vizeSa cintana-manana aura AdhyAtmika jJAna kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| . hamAre purAtana cintakoM ne zrI kRSNa ko eka kuzala prazAsaka, mahAn yoddhA, nipuNa sArathI tathA vaphAdAra mitra Adi kI saMjJA dI hai| zrI kRSNa meM ye sabhI guNa vidyamAna the lekina samajha ke lie unake jIvana kI pratyeka lIlA kA eka sundara, AdhyAtmika artha hai| hamAre manISiyoM ne vibhinna dhArmika granthoM meM ina arthoM kI sundara, vizad vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| udAharaNa svarUpa mahAn yoddhA kA AdhyAtmika artha hai ki-"mAnavIya bhISaNa, durjeya-zatru, mAyAjanita kAma, krodha, moha, ahaMkAra Adi burAiyoM para pUrNa rUpa se vijaya prApta krnaa|" nipuNa sArathI kA artha hai ki-"svayaM ko zarIra-ratha se bhinna AtmA nizcaya kara mana, buddhi aura saMskAra rUpI ghor3oM para pUrNa niyaMtraNa krnaa|" isa spaSTIkaraNa ke anusAra zrI kRSNa ni:saMdeha eka mahAn yoddhA aura sArathI the, kyoMki ye AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyA~ unameM vidyamAna thii| isI kAraNa unakI yaza:-patAkA Aja bhI pUrNamAsI ke cA~da kI bhA~ti dhavala hai| - kRSNacaritra bhAratIya vAGmaya meM vedoM se lagAkara adyAvadhi taka vyApta hai| veda, upaniSad, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka-granthoM evaM nAnA-purANoM meM zrI kRSNa kA vizada varNana upalabdha hai| bhArata kI saMskRta, pAlI, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI ityAdi Arya evaM aneka Aryetara bhASAoM meM zrI kRSNa kA vizada nirUpaNa huA hai| isa prakAra sAhitya meM prAcInakAla se zrI kRSNa-caritra varNana kI eka vizAla paramparA rahI hai| - - - -

Page #26
zrI kRSNa kA caritra na kevala vibhinna bhASAoM varan vibhinna sampradAyoM kA bhI atikramaNa kara sarvavyApaka bana gayA hai| vaiSNava paramparA hI nahIM apitu jaina evaM bauddha sampradAyoM meM bhI zrI kRSNa ke nirUpaNa kI eka vizada paramparA upalabdha hotI hai| yahA~ taka ki kaI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kRSNa aura krAisTa kI sAmyatA siddha karane kA bhI asaphala prayAsa kiyA hai| vigata do sahasrAbdiyoM se bhI adhika kAla se isa virATa vyaktitva dvArA bhArata ke AdhyAtmika aura bhautika, donoM kSetroM ko samAna rUpa se AvRta karane ke kAraNa yaha caritra pratyeka sampradAya ke AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai| . jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa caritra ke varNana karane kI eka vizAla paramparA rahI hai| isa sAhitya paramparA meM aisI aneka kRtiyA~ haiM jinameM kRSNa-vAsudeva kA caritra varNana hai, parantu zrI kRSNa vAsudeva se sambandhita yaha paramparAgata sAhitya prAyaH janasAdhAraNa aura adhikAMza ke lie Aja bhI aparicita hai| jaina-paramparA meM zrI kRSNa kA eka viziSTa svarUpa hai| unhoMne zrI kRSNa ko zalAkApuruSa vAsudeva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa ke gopIjanapriyarUpa rAsa krIr3AoM ke nAyaka evaM loka puruSottama ke rUpa se jaina sAhitya prAyaH anabhijJa rahA hai| jainoM ke Agama evaM Agametara sAhitya se isa caritra varNana kI paramparA rahI hai| na kevala prAkRta, pAlI evaM saMskRta varan hindI tathA anya aneka Adhunika bhASAoM ke jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa-caritra kA varNana pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| . vaiSNava paramparA meM zrI kRSNa devAdhideva, bhagavAn ke avatAra ke rUpa meM nirUpita hue haiM parantu jaina paramparA meM yaha sthiti bhinna hai| jainoM meM avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA nahIM hone se zrI kRSNa na to bhagavAn ke avatAra haiM aura na hI svayaM bhgvaan| ve unheM eka mahApuruSa (zalAkApuruSa) ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| jaina paramparA ke kRSNa-caritra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jijJAsuoM kI tRpti kA eka pradhAna sAdhana hogaa| "isa prakAra jisa taraha deva nadI bhAgIrathA aneka jalasrotoM kA eka adbhuta saMgama hai, usI taraha zrI kRSNa caritra bhI vibhinna sampradAyoM, dhArmika mAnyatAoM evaM vibhinna kRSNanAma vAcI mahApuruSoM kA eka samanvita rUpa hai|" kRSNa zabda kI vyutpatti :___ kRSNa-caritra kA varNana karate samaya "kRSNa" zabda kI vyutpatti samajhanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| "kRSNa" zabda ke mUla meM "kRS" dhAtu hai, jisameM nak pratyaya jur3akara "kRSNa" banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai "kRSati manaH" arthAt mana ko AkarSita karane vaalaa| "kRS" dhAtu sattAvAcaka aura "Na" pratyaya AnandavAcaka hai| sattA aura Ananda kA aikya-bhAvarUpa parabrahma kRSNa kahalAtA hai|

Page #27
zrImad bhagavad-gItA kI prastAvanA meM vidvAn zrI nArAyaNazAstrI ne "kRSNa" zabda kI vyAkhyA bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se kI hai . karSati sarvAn svakukSau pralayakAle iti kRssnnH| arthAt pralayakAla meM saba jIvoM ko jo apane meM lIna kare, usakA nAma kRSNa hai| sAdhAraNatayA "kRSNa" zabda kA artha hai-zyAma, gaharA, kAlA, nIlA evaM eka vRkSa kA naam| lekina saMskRta-iMgliza-DiksanarI ke lekhaka ema.ema. viliyama ne kRSNa zabda kA artha likhA hai :-Name of the Poet of the R.V. desended from Agiras. . "kRSNa" zabda vaidika yuga meM pracalita hai| vaidika sAhitya meM agni kA nAma yA vizeSaNa "kRSNavA" AtA hai, jisakA artha hai-aMdhere patha para Age bar3hane vaalaa| vedoM meM kRSNa nAmaka eka RSi kA varNana hai| Rgveda ke aSTama maNDala ke 85-86-87 tathA dazama maNDala ke 42, 43, 44 sUktoM ke RSi kA nAma kRSNa hai| ve mantradraSTA RSi haiN| inhIM ke nAma para "kArNAyaNa" gotra calA thaa| ho sakatA hai ki isa pracalita nAma kA AdhAra grahaNa kara vAsudeva ne apane putra kA nAma kRSNa rakhA ho| DaoN0 nandadulAreM vAjapeyI ne likhA hai ki gAthA yA jAtaka TIkAkAroM ke matAnusAra "kRSNa" eka gotra kA nAma hai| yaha gotra vaziSTha aura parAzara gotra ke antargata AtA hai| yaha gotra brAhmaNoM kA hone para bhI yajJa ke samaya kSatriya apane karmAdi-anuSThAna isa gotra meM bhI kara sakate the| AzvalAyaNa sUtra ke anusAra yajJa meM kSatriya kA gotra unake purohita ke gotra ke anusAra hotA hai| isI meM vAsudeva "kRSNayaka" gotra ke ho gye| isa prakAra ina vidvAnoM kI sammatiyoM ke anusAra "kArNAyaNa" gotra se hI kRSNa nAma kI utpatti huii| vaiSNava paramparA anusAra "kRSNa" zabda meM prayukta pratyeka dhvani kA eka alaga hI : artha hai| isa artha ke anusAra ve "parabrahma" ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hote haiN| "kRSNa" zabda meM kakAra, RkAra, SakAra, NakAra, akAra evaM visarga nihita hai| isameM "kakAra" brahmAM kA vAcaka hai| "RkAra" ananta (zeSa) kA vAcaka hai| "SakAra" ziva kA vAcaka hai| "NakAra" dharma kA vAcaka hai| "akAra" zveta dvIpa kA vAcaka hai| isa prakAra kRSNa meM samasta tejoM kI rAzi kA bIja-kAraNa hai| vedoM meM zrI kRSNa :- vedoM meM zrI kRSNa ko aneka nAmoM se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| unake mukhya svarUpa nimna prakAra se haiM :viSNu rUpa :____ sAhitya meM kRSNa ke jina guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, agara una guNoM ke Upara * dhyAna kendrita kiyA jAe to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vaidika yuga ke viSNu meM bhI inhIM guNoM

Page #28
kA bakhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se agara zrI kRSNa ko vaidika viSNu kA hI rUpa mAna liyA jAe to atyukti nahIM ho sktii| "viSNu" zabda kA vyutpattigata artha praveza yA vyApti hai| "viz" dhAtu niSpanna isa zabda se sampUrNa vizva meM vyApakatA kA bhAva vyakta hotA hai| veda ke prasiddha bhASyakAra sAyaNa ne "viSNu kA artha vyApanazIla mAnA hai jabaki pAzcAtya vicAraka blajAphilDa ke anusAra "pRSTha para hokara" (on the back) artha kiyA gayA hai| "ApTe" ne isa zabda kI niSpatti viz dhAtu ke praveza mUlaka artha ke kAraNa ise viSNu mAnA hai|" viSNu zabda meM "vi" kA artha mokSa bhI batAyA gayA hai| mokSa dene kI yogyatA rakhane vAlA mokSadAtA hI viSNu hai| vedoM meM indra dvArA vRkSa aura pANisa se jalamokSa yA varuNa dvArA pAza mokSa kA bhI artha lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se viSNu upendra' bhI kahe jA sakate haiM aura inakA pramukha guNa vyApakatA siddha hotA hai| viSNu kI isa vyApakatA kA varNana Rgveda ke kaI mantroM meM milatA hai| apane pairoM se akhila brahmANDa mApa lene kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa viSNu eka mahAn aura vyApaka zakti ke pratIka banakara hamAre samakSa Ate haiN| Adivya bhAva kA bodhaka banakara unake jina tIna padoM kI carcA hai, unameM do kA AdhAra pRthvI evaM antarikSa hai, para unakA tRtIya, parama pada, adRSTa hai| tIna padoM meM viSNu ne brahmANDa mApa liyaa| unhoMne ve.tIna pada kiye aura brahmANDa ko lAMgha gye|2 viSNu ke ina padoM kI carcA paurANika sAhitya meM bhI milatI hai| vAmanAvatAra kA mUla srota hI ise mAna sakate haiM parantu uparyukta mantra meM "gopA" zabda kA artha gauvoM kA pAlana karane se hai| zrI kRSNa kA sambandha gAyoM se adhika thaa| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki viSNu ke inhIM guNoM kA varNana paravartI sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa ke vyaktitva meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| indra rUpa : ___ vedoM meM indra kA varNana bhI aisA hI milatA hai jisameM vartamAna kRSNa-caritra ke prAyaH sabhI abhiprAya mila jAte haiN| indra ke janma para indra kI mAtA yaha prArthanA karatI hai ki vaha use nArakIya sthAna meM na rakhane de| isake bAda govardhana dhAraNa, nAga nAthane evaM mAkhana corI Adi kI kucha ghaTanAe~ bhI kucha parivartita rUpa meM indra ke viSaya meM milatI haiN| jaise--jisane hilate hue, yAni caMcala parvata se krIr3A kii|3 jisane parvata ko AkAza meM pRthvI se Upara uThA liyaa| jisane sarpa ko mArakara sarpaNazIla nadI ko mukta kara diyaa|5 jo kAliya-nAga se yamunA mukti kA varNana hai| isake bAda kaI mantroM meM soma kI corI kA varNana bhI milatA hai jo kRSNa kI mAkhana corI kA bIja hai| isa prakAra kaI mantroM meM zrI kRSNa kI samAnatA indra se kI gaI hai| -

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zrI kRSNa rUpa : Rgveda ke aneka mantroM ke draSTA RSi ke rUpa meM zrI kRSNa kA ullekha milatA hai| vaidika AkhyAna ke anusAra nAga jAti ke eka netA "adRNaka" varNa meM kAlA hone ke kAraNa maruta RSi dvArA kRSNa kahA gayA hai| vahI bAda meM lokapriya hone ke kAraNa mUla puruSoM meM ginA jAne lgaa| Rgveda ke aSTama maNDalAnusAra kRSNa AMgirasa RSi haiN| ye azvinI-kumAroM ko yajJa meM somapAna ke lie AmaMtrita karate hue unase aizvarya kI kAmanA kara rahe haiN|16 AMgirasa kA vaidika mantroM ke racayitAoM meM pramukha sthAna thaa| vaidika yuga meM ye AMgirasa-gotrIya mantra gAyaka kavi kahalAte th| kavi racita vistRta gAna ko medhA aura pratibhA ke bala para DhU~r3hakara saMkalita karane ke kAraNa ye mantradraSTA RSi khlaae| gAyaka, racanAkAra kavi aura usake saMkalana kartA draSTA RSi the| Rgveda ke dazama maNDala ke 42 sUkta ke tRtIya adhyAya meM kRSNa-AMgirasa tIna RcAoM meM azvinI kumAroM kI stuti kara rahe haiM tathA isI maMDala ke caturtha adhyAya kI gyAraha RcAoM meM ve dhana, bala, guNa ityAdi kI kAmanA karate haiM evaM indra kI stuti karate haiN| isa prakAra vedoM meM zrIkRSNa AMgirasa RSi ke rUpa meM ullekhita hue haiN| zrI kRSNa kI lIlAoM ke sambandhita aneka zabdoM kA varNana bhI vedoM meM milatA hai| rAdhA, gau20, bRja21, vRbhabhAnu22, rohiNI23, arjuna Adi zabda isI prakAra ke haiM parantu vaidika vyAkhyAo meM ina saba tatkAlIna zabdoM kA artha dUsarA thaa| gopa kA artha kiraNa hai aura 'braja' kiraNoM kA sthAna dyau hai| "kRSNa" rAtri, "arjuna' dina, "vRSNa" balarAma artha ko vyakta karatA hai| prArambha meM vaidika vyAkhyAoM meM yahI artha thA, parantu zabdoM ke satata prayoga evaM artha parivartana ke kAraNa inakA sambandha zrI kRSNa kI lIlAoM se jor3a diyA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM manu kA vicAra hai ki sabhI nAmoM evaM karmoM kA nirmANa vedoM se hI huA hai|5 DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA ke anusAra "ina mantroM meM jo nAma Aye haiM unakA yadyapi gopAla kRSNa se koI sambandha nahIM hai, parantu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jisa prakAra vaidika kRSNa kA sambandha mahAbhArata ke kRSNa se jor3a diyA hai usI prakAra ina sabhI nAmoM kA upayoga paurANika yuga ke kRSNa ke lie kara diyA hai|"26 __DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA ne bhI isI vicAra kA pUrNa rUpa se samarthana karate hue kahA hai ki isa prakAra vedoM meM jo rAdhA, viSNu, kRSNa Adi ke nAma Aye haiM ve aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ke nAma nahIM haiN| aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ke evaM padArthoM ke nAma veda ke zabda ko dekhakara rakhe gaye haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki ina zabdoM kA prayoga avatAroM ke lie hone lgaa| - Rgveda ke pazcAt yajurveda meM bhI "kRSNa-kesI" nAmaka asura ko mArane vAle kRSNa kI kathA kA ullekha milatA hai| vedoM meM jo kRSNa viSNu aura indra ke rUpa meM

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nirUpita hue haiM, unakI sammati zrImad bhagavad gItA meM bhI milatI hai| gItA meM bhagavAn zrI kRSNa ne arjuna se kahA hai ki maiM AdityoM meM viSNu aura devatAoM meM indra huuN|28 isase spaSTa hai ki viSNu hI Aditya aura indra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| eka anya sthala meM bhI zrI kRSNa ne arjuna ko kahA hai ki maiM vedoM meM sAmaveda evaM devatAoM meM indra huuN|29 uparyukta prakAra se vedoM meM zrI kRSNa ko mantradraSTA RSi ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai parantu viSNu aura indra bhI zrI kRSNa ke paryAya rUpa meM hI varNita hue haiN| upaniSadoM meM zrI kRSNa viSNu rUpa : vedoM ke atirikta upaniSadoM, AraNyaka evaM brAhmaNa granthoM meM viSNu rUpa kA kramika vikAsa dikhAI detA hai| "kaThopaniSad" meM viSNu ke paramapada kI prApti hI jIvana kA dhyeya kahA gayA hai| "maMtreya" meM viSNu ko annarUpa meM poSaka kahA gayA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM viSNu ko vyApaka rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha viSNu brahma kI bhA~ti kalpanAtIta hai| zatapatha meM hI viSNu ke anya avatAra matsya, kUrma, vArAha aura vAmana Adi kA varNana hai| taittirIya AraNyaka meM viSNu ko nRsiMha kahA gayA hai| nRsiMha bAvanI meM isI nAma kI carcA hai| gopanI meM bhI viSNu ke divya rUpa kA varNana upalabdha hai| . bholA upanAmI eka vidvAn ne apanI pustaka zrutiratnAvalI meM vedoM aura upaniSadoM ke cune hue mantroM kA saMgraha kiyA hai, jisameM kRSNa viSayaka mantra bhI haiN| ina mantroM meM gopa, gopI, veNu, nAda Adi kA varNana milatA hai|20 __isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM viSNu hI rAma, kRSNa, nRsiMha aura nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hue| parantu kramazaH viSNu kA svarUpa nArAyaNa meM parivartita hone lgaa| nArAyaNa svarUpa kI upaniSadoM meM vizada vyAkhyA hai| nArAyaNa rUpa : carAcara vyApta viSNu kI vyApakatA ke AkarSaNa se hI vaiSNava sampradAya ne inake nArAyaNa rUpa ko grahaNa kiyaa| Rgveda kI 10/25/5 RcAoM meM bhI nArAyaNa kA saMketa hai| nara ke ayana kA antima lakSya nArAyaNa kahe gaye haiN| manusmRti meM nArAyaNa zabda kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai ki nara kA ayana hone se ise nArAyaNa kahA gayA hai| "taittirIya AraNyaka" ke mata se nArAyaNa hI vAsudeva haiN|21 isI AraNyaka meM vAsudeva zrI kRSNa kA bhI varNana hai| "vRhadAraNyakopaniSad' meM viSNu ko hari kahA gayA hai aura vAsudeva tathA hari se nArAyaNa kA sambandha sthApita kiyA gayA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa kI eka kathAnusAra nArAyaNa ne eka bAra svayaM yajJa sthAna para nivAsa kara vasuoM, rudroM aura AdityoM ko kahIM anyatra bheja diyA aura yajJa sampAdita kara ke svayaM sarvavyApI bana gye| - -

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uparyukta prakAra se upaniSadoM meM nArAyaNa paramAtmA ke avabodhaka bana gaye evaM viSNu ke samAnArtha bana kara parama deva ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gye| viSNu kA yahI nArAyaNa rUpa vikAsa pAkara paravartI sAhitya meM "kRSNa" ke rUpa meM dikhAI pdd'aa| zrI kRSNa rUpa : nArAyaNa rUpa kI bhA~ti upaniSadoM meM kRSNa-rUpa nirUpita huA hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM devakI putra zrI kRSNa kathA kA varNana hai| yahA~ zrI kRSNa ghora-AMgirasa ke ziSya aura devakI ke putra mAne gaye haiN| isameM AMgirasa dvArA apane ziSya zrI kRSNa ko yajJa zAstra kA upadeza sunAne kI kathA AtI hai| "kauzItakI" brAhmaNa meM bhI zrI kRSNa ke guru ghora AMgirasa kI carcA hai|32 ina sabhI nAmoM se eka hI vyakti kI vyaMjanA hotI hai| aitareya AraNyaka meM kRSNa hArIta nAmaka maharSi kA ullekha hai, jinhoMne apane putroM ko vANI rUpI saMhitA kI upAsanA kA upadeza diyA hai|33 isake alAvA taittirIya AraNyaka meM bhI zrI kRSNa ke devatva kA ullekha milatA hai| uparyukta vivecanAnusAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vaidika sAhitya meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM zrI kRSNa kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| gahanatA se dekhane para vaidika sAhitya ke "kRSNavyaktitva" kA kramika vikAsa hotA dikha par3atA hai| lekina jahA~ taka sampUrNa kRSNacaritra ke vyavasthita citraNa kA prazna hai, vaha vedoM evaM upaniSadoM meM hameM prApta nahIM hotaa| mahAbhArata meM zrI kRSNa : vaidika granthoM ke pazcAt zrI kRSNa kA vistRta varNana mahAbhArata meM milatA hai| isameM kRSNa ko parabrahma ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zrI kRSNa viSNu ke avatAra evaM virATa puruSa haiN| zrI kRSNa ke pUrva pracalita samasta nAmoM kA samanvaya karane kA sundara prayAsa isI grantha se hotA hai| isa kAla meM bhAgavata dharma kA punaH udaya huaa| isa yuga meM cAra sampradAya the jisameM bhAgavata-dharma paramparA ko paMcarAtra nAma milaa| isa mata kI pramukha vizeSatA thI-zrI kRssnn-bhkti| kRSNa ke samasta nAmoM kA samanvaya karate hue eka stuti meM kahA gayA hai ki- "he. kRSNa! tuma aditi ke putra ho, indra ke choTe bhAI ho, tuma viSNu ho| tumane dhruva loka, antarikSa tathA pRthvI ko tIna pairoM se nApa liyaa| yugAnta meM saba bhUtoM kA saMhAra karake tathA AtmA meM jagata ko AtmasAt karake tuma sthita hote ho| tumhAre jaise karma pUrva yA uttara kAla meM koI nahIM kara skaa| tuma brahma ke sAtha vairAgya loka meM nivAsa karate ho|"3" isa stuti se spaSTa hotA hai ki upendra, viSNu, vAmana aura brahmA ko eka hI mAnA gayA hai| yahI kRSNa braja kI lIlA ke kartA haiM / eka anya sthAna para bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo bhagavAn nara tathA hari haiM, vahI nArAyaNa bhii| yahI nArAyaNa jaganniyantA, devAdhideva, Aditya, lokapati, vAsudeva, kRSNa ke rUpa meM pRthvI para avatIrNa hue haiN|

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sabhAparva meM bhISma ne kRSNa ko carAcara vizva kA utpatti-sthala evaM vizrAma bhUmi ke rUpa meM mAnA hai tathA carAcara RSi jagata ke astitva ko bhI unhIM ke lie svIkAra kiyA hai|35 mahAbhArata meM kRSNa ke aneka rUpoM ke darzana hote haiN| kahIM ve pANDavoM ke zAMtidUta zyAmasundara haiM to kahIM gItA meM karma-yoga kI pradhAnatA sthApita karane vAle karmaniSTha / yuddha kI samApti ke bAda ve kuzala saMyojaka kI bhA~ti rAjasUya yajJa meM dRSTigocara hote haiM to anta meM hamAre Age unakA dUradarzitA se pUrNa vicAraka-rUpa AtA hai|36 mahAbhArata ke kRSNa ko vAsudeva bhI kahA gayA hai kyoMki ve apanI alaukika zakti se sabhI prANiyoM ko AcchAdita kara lete haiN| svayaM zrI kRSNa kahate haiM ki maiM sUrya ke rUpa meM apanI kiraNoM se samasta vizva ko DhaMka letA hU~ evaM sabhI prANiyoM meM adhivAsa hU~, isI se mujhe vAsudeva kahA gayA hai| gItA meM bhI vAsudeva nAma kA samarthana hai| "vRttInAM vAsudevo'smi" eka anya sthAna para bhI kahA gayA hai ki jisameM saba basate haiM tathA jo sabameM rahatA hai vahI vAsudeva hai| isa prakAra mahAbhArata meM nArAyaNa, vAsudeva aura zrI kRSNa tInoM eka hI haiN| ____ zAMti parva meM bhagavAn ke avatAroM kA varNana hai| vahA~ hameM kUrma, matsya, vArAha, nRsiMha, rAma, sAsvata aura kalki Adi avatAroM kI kathA milatI hai| isI parva meM zrI kRSNa ne svayaM kahA hai ki "sabhI prANiyoM meM merA ayana yA nivAsa hone se maiM nArAyaNa evaM sAre vizva meM vyApta hone tathA vizva kA mujhameM sthita hone ke kAraNa maiM hI vAsudeva huuN| vizva ko vyApa lene ke kAraNa mujhe viSNu kahate haiM / pRthvI, svarNa aura antarikSa maiM hI hU~, isase maiM dAmodara kahA jAtA huuN| sUrya, candra aura agni kI kiraNeM mere keza haiM, isase maiM kezava huuN| gau, pRthvI ko Upara le jAne ke kAraNa maiM govinda huuN| yajJa kA havirbhAga grahaNa karane ke kAraNa hari huuN| saba guNoM kI pradhAnatA se zAzvata aura lohe ke kAle phAla ke rUpa meM pRthvI jotane aura raMga kA kAlA hone se maiM kRSNa huuN|"39 uparyukta paMktiyoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nArAyaNa, vAsudeva, viSNu, dAmodara, govinda, kezava aura hari Adi vibhinna paryAya zrI kRSNa ke hI bodhaka haiN| nAma kI bhinnatA hone ke bAvajUda bhI isake svarUpa meM kisI prakAra kA antara nahIM hai| mahAbhArata kI gaNanA itihAsa grantha ke rUpa meM hotI hai| isameM zrI kRSNa hI adhikAMza ghaTanAoM ke sUtradhAra evaM niyAmaka haiN| ve saMdhivAhaka, zAMtidUta aura gItA ke upadeSTA hai tathA samadRSTi ke kAraNa donoM pakSoM kI sahAyatA karanA unakA parama lakSya rahA hai| isa yuga ke vayovRddha bhISma pitAmaha bhI zrI kRSNa ko veda-vedAMgavettA aura Rtvika hone ke kAraNa sabase adhika Adara ke pAtra mAnate haiN| mahAbhAratakAra ne zrI kRSNa ko pANDavoM kA hitaiSI, dharmAcArI evaM nyAyAnumodita pakSa kA Adarza rAhI mAnA hai| kRSNa hI

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arjuna kI preraNA the| una para pANDavoM kA pUrNa vizvAsa thaa| unhIM kI preraNA se isake yuddha meM ve pravRta hue| ve svayaM pANDavoM kI tarapha binA zastra uThAye arjuna ke sArathI ke rUpa meM rahe, jo usa yuga meM apamAnajanaka thA tathA dUsarI ora apanI samasta senA duryodhana ko supurda kara dii| ve sAdhujanoM ke paritrANa ke lie avatarita hue the| ataH inake lie kucha bhI apamAnajanaka nahIM thaa| mahAbhArata meM zrI kRSNa kI aneka alaukika ghaTanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| draupadI-cIraharaNa prasaMga unakA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai, jaba zrI kRSNa ne usake vastra ko apane pratApa se ghaTane hI nahIM diyaa| isI taraha arjuna ko virATa svarUpa ke darzana dekara apanI alaukikatA kA paricaya diyaa| "mahAbhArata meM zrI kRSNa kA mUla uddezya dharma kI sthApanA karanA hai| unhoMne logoM kI rakSA karake apanI. lokadRSTi kA unmIlana kiyA hai| ve AsaktihIna, samatAparAyaNa evaM karmayogI haiN| unakI divyatA, jJAna-vijJAna-sampannatA Adi vizva kalyANa se prerita hokara hI pratyakSa hotI hai| isa dRSTi se pUrtyartha guNa meM Izvaratva kA Aropa hotA hai|" mahAbhArata meM zrI kRSNa ke zauryavIrya ke darzana hote haiN| jIvana ke pratyeka prasaMga para ve adharma para dharma kI jaya karavAte calate haiN| mahAbhArata isa kUTanItijJa ke netRtva kA anupama udAharaNa hai| kisa sthAna para kisa nIti se kAma lenA hai, vaha unheM bhalI-bhA~ti AtA thaa| ___kaI loga zrI kRSNa para mahAbhArata kA vinAzakArI yuddha karavAne kA Aropa lagAte haiM parantu yaha yuddha kauravoM ke pApa, duSkarmoM aura svArthoM ke kAraNa huA thaa| zrI kRSNa to kevala nimitta bana gaye the| unhoMne bIca meM par3a kara satya, dayA, sadAcAra, sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kI rakSA kI thii| zrI kRSNa manuSyatva kA kalyANa aura zAMti sthApita karanA cAhate the aura ve isI rAjanIti ke jJAtA the| zrI kRSNa kA tattva jJAna sarvamAnya hai| samasta saMsAra meM unake isa tattva jJAna kI abhyarthanA huI hai| gItA meM pratyeka manuSya ko Atma-santoSa ke darzana hote haiN| yaha sAmpradAyikatA se Upara kI vastu hai| akhila mAnava jAti ke lie prakAza puMja hai| isakI saMsAra kI pratyeka bhASA meM anuvAda aura vyAkhyAe~ huI haiN| svAmI sahajAnanda sarasvatI ne gItA meM mArksavAdI siddhAntoM ke darzana kiye haiN| - mahAbhArata meM zrI kRSNa ke do rUpa nirUpita hue haiM-eka to devatA kA rUpa tathA dUsarA mahApuruSa kaa| mahAbhArata kA racanAkAla aneka vidvAnoM ne 350 I0pU0 svIkAra kiyA hai| mahAbhArata eka vRhad grantha hai jisameM eka bahuta bar3A bhAga prakSipta hai| yaha prakSiptaaMza yA khila-aMza harivaMzapurANa kahalAtA hai| isI bhAga meM zrI kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vinTaraniTja ne isako mahAbhArata kA prakSipta aMza mAnate hue isakA =11

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racanAkAla cauthI zatAbdI svIkAra kiyA hai| mahAbhArata ke jisa aMza meM kRSNa ko kevala mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai, vaha apekSAkRta adhika prAcIna hai tathA brajavAsI gopAla kRSNa ke rUpa meM jo aMza haiM vaha paravartI, kAlpanika evaM prakSipta aMza haiN|72 . zrI kRSNa jaba pANDavoM ke salAhakAra ke rUpa meM hote haiM, taba ve pUrNa mAnava haiN| kaI brAhmaNa kahate haiM ki mUrkha loga hI kRSNa ko jagatkartA mAnate haiM aura ThIka, kRSNa to svayaM ko kSatriya se brAhmaNa taka nahIM banA ske| eka sthAna para utaMga nAmaka RSi bhI kRSNa ko zApa dene ke lie udyata hote haiN| isase bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kRSNa kevala mAnava haiN| isa prakAra eka tarapha to mAnava ke rUpa meM vIra, yoddhA, rAjanIti tathA kUTanIti ke jJAtA haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora ve vAsudeva, nArAyaNa evaM viSNu ke avatAra haiN| kaI vidvAnoM ke dvArA mahAbhArata kAla ke kRSNa para avatAravAda kA Aropa lagA hai| mahAbhArata meM dvArakAvAsI kRSNa kA caritra milatA hai aura vaha bhI bAla kizora ke rUpa meM nahIM varan paramavIra yoddhA aura dArzanika rUpa meN| itanA hone ke uparAMta bhI isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM hai ki kRSNa ke aitihAsika vyaktitva ko kiMcit aMza meM prastuta karane kA sarvaprathama prayAsa mahAbhArata meM hI huA hai| veda, upaniSada, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka Adi granthoM meM kRSNa viSayaka yA kRSNa nAmavAcI ullekha milate haiM parantu ve aitihAsika nahIM kahe jA sakate, jabaki mahAbhArata eka vizAla aitihAsika grantha hai| mahAbhArata meM kRSNa ke vyaktitva kI tIna sthitiyA~ spaSTa rUpa se dRSTigocara hotI haiM-(1) sAmAnya mAnava, arjuna ke mitra tathA pANDavoM ke hitecchu va salAhakAra (2) laukika evaM alaukika zakti se sampanna paramavIra evaM (3) prbrhm|3 DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA kI mAnyatA hai ki "gItA dvArA yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki vAsudeva aura nArAyaNa abhinna haiN| ina donoM ke ekatva kI bhUmikA bAda meM ghaTita huii| DaoN0 bhaNDAkara ke anusAra "dvArakAdhIza kRSNa kA varNana mahAbhArata meM huA hai tathA isI mahAbhArata ke khila aMza harivaMzapurANa meM gopAla kRSNa kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa huA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki gopAla kRSNa kI kalpanA mahAbhArata ke bAda kI hai kyoMki harivaMzapurANa mahAbhArata kA prakSipta aMza hai| isa purANa meM kRSNa ne svayaM apane ko pazupAlaka kahA hai| govardhana pUjA, zrI kRSNa-braja-vRndAvana-nivAsa kA ullekha bhI isI meM milatA hai| inhIM gopAla kRSNa kI bhAvanAoM ne hI vaiSNava-paramparAoM ko sarvAdhika prabhAvita kiyA hai|"05 __isa prakAra se kRSNa ke vAstavika rUpa ke darzana mahAbhArata meM hI hote haiN| yadi hama kRSNa ko mahAmAnava mAnakara caleM to mahAbhArata ke kRSNa Adarza mAnava haiN| unake zAMti sthApita karane kA prayAsa isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki ve vyakti kI apekSA saMsAra ko mahattva dete the| isalie ve zAMtidUta banakara kauravoM ke pAsa jAte haiN| '

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zizupAla dvArA apamAna kiye jAne para bhI ve ziSTatA aura sabhyatA vaza cupa rahate haiM, jo unakI mahattA aura anuzAsanapriyatA kA dyotaka hai| mahAbhAratakAra maharSi veda vyAsa ne zrI kRSNa bhagavat-tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai parantu phira bhI kRSNa ke mAnava rUpa ke darzana yatra-tatra ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra mahAbhArata ke zrI kRSNa ke sampUrNa vyaktitva kA vizleSaNa karane para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ve bhaktikAlIna anurAga ke bhAva-bhIne Alambana na hokara zrI kRSNa meM kSAtra dharma kA teja, parAkrama aura zakti hI adhika prabala hai| kSatriya yoddhA sAsvatI dvArA pAMcarAtra dharma kA pracAra huA thA, isase zrI kRSNa meM bhI inhIM guNoM kA AnA anivArya ho gayA thaa| isI se unakA yaha vyaktitva paurANika yuga meM avatAra kA pratIka bana gayA thaa| madhyakAlIna bhakta kaviyoM ne bhI kRSNa ke isI svarUpa ko apanI bhakti kA Alambana banAyA thaa| purANoM meM zrI kRSNa :____ mahAbhArata meM jahA~ zrI kRSNa ko mahAmAnava ke sAtha devatA evaM alaukika zaktiyoM ke prayoktA parabrahma ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai parantu vahIM purANoM meM zrI kRSNa ko mukhya rUpa se brahma rUpa meM pratiSThita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zrI kRSNa kI sAhityika abhivyakti hamAre granthoM kA mukhya upAdAna rahA hai| AdikAla se hI kisI na kisI rUpa meM zrI kRSNa kI abhivyakti milatI hai| vaidika granthoM meM veda, upaniSad, AraNyaka Adi se lekara mahAbhArata taka meM zrI kRSNa ke vyaktitva kA kramika vikAsa dRSTigocara hotA hai| ve viSNu, upendra, Aditya, nArAyaNa, vAsudeva, janArdana aura zrI kRSNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karate dikha par3ate haiN| mahAbhArata meM ina sabhI nAmoM ke samanvaya kI ceSTA Arambha ho gaI thii| purANoM kA pramukha uddezya unakI mahattA ke varNana ke sAtha una para Izvaratva kA Aropa bhI thaa| eka pramukha upAsya deva ke rUpa meM unakI pratiSThA hone lagI aura yahI paurANika kRSNa bAda ke sAhityika abhivyakti ke pramukha Alambana bana gye| unake svarUpa kA jo hRdayAkarSaka varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha jana-jana ke mAnava ko praphullita kara dene meM pUrNa samartha siddha huA hai| . . paurANika sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa kA varNana kaI purANoM meM milatA hai| zrImad bhAgavata, harivaMza, brahma-vaivarta, viSNu, brahma, padma, vAyu, vAmana, kUrma, garuDa, agni, brahmANDa, bRhannAradIya Adi purANoM meM zrI kRSNa kI kathA hai| inameM harivaMzapurANa, brahmavaivarta, zrImadbhAgavata tathA viSNupurANa meM zrI kRSNa ko sarvopari devatA ke rUpa meM prasthApita kiyA gayA hai| inameM viSNu ke avatAroM meM zrI kRSNa ko pUrNAvatAra mAnakara stuti kI gaI hai| bhAgavata meM RSi, manu, devatA, manuputra aura prajApati ko viSNu kA aMza batAkara kRSNa ko sampUrNa lIlAoM se yukta bhagavAn kahA gayA hai|6 zrI kRSNa parabrahma ke avatAra, ve hI sRSTi ke kartA, pAlaka aura saMhAraka kahe gaye haiN| -

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harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa : "harivaMzapurANa" mahAbhArata kA hI prakSipta aMza hai| isakI prAcInatA asandigdha rahI hai| isI purANa meM kRSNa caritra kA sarvaprathama gopiyoM se sambandha batAyA gayA hai| harivaMza ke viSNu parva ke 128 adhyAyoM meM kRSNa jIvana kI sampUrNa gAthA dI gaI hai| isameM kRSNa ke rUpa kA tathA kRSNa ke prati gopiyoM ke AkarSaNa kA savistAra varNana . milatA hai| sundara kRSNa haritAlArdra pItavastra pahanakara aura sundara tathA AkarSaka dikhAI dete haiN| bAlikAoM, vRddhAoM tathA yuvatiyoM-sabhI ko kRSNa atipriya lagate haiN| isa purANa meM pUtanAvadha, kAliyadamana, nAgapatniyoM dvArA stuti, zakaTa-bhaMjana, yamalArjuna patana, rAsalIlA, kaMsa dharnubhaMga, kuvalIyApIDa prasaMga, cANUra-muSTika, balarAma kA gokula gamana, rukmiNI haraNa, kAlayavana prasaMga, kailAsaprasaMga, badrikAzrama meM tapasyA Adi aneka prasaMga Aye haiN| isakI zailI gAthAtmaka athavA laukika hai| isa prakAra aisA lagatA hai ki yaha purANa anya purANoM se prAcIna hai| kRSNa kI rAsalIlA kA adbhuta varNana bhI isameM milatA hai| isa purANa ko DaoN0 zazi agravAla ne upapurANa kahate hue kahA hai ki "ise bahuta se vidvAn mahApurANa mAna lete haiM parantu isake adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki yaha upapurANa hI hai|47 harivaMza purANa meM zrI kRSNa ke daivIya evaM mAnavIya donoM rUpoM kA apUrva samanvaya dikhAI detA hai| ve viSNu ke avatAra parabrahma va virATa haiM tathA sAMkhyapuruSa, vIra yoddhA aura mahApuruSa bhii| kRSNa caritra ko prabhAvita karane meM isa purANa kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai| . isameM varNita kathAoM kA paravartI sAhitya para adhika prabhAva par3A hai| yahA~ aspaSTa aura sAMketika rUpa meM varNita kathAe~ bhI bAda ke sAhitya meM vistAra aura alaukika rUpa grahaNa karatI rhiiN| brahmavaivarta purANa meM zrI kRSNa : harivaMzapurANa ke atirikta brahmavaivarta purANa meM zrI kRSNa lIlAoM ke vistRta varNana haiN| kRSNa janma-khaNDa ke antargata sabhI lIlAoM kA varNana hai jo pUrvArddha aura uttarArddha meM vibhAjita hai| isameM zrI kRSNa parabrahma haiN| brahmA ne zrI kRSNa kI stuti karate hue kahA hai ki "Apa hI jagata ke svAmI haiM, jo sukha-duHkha saMsAra meM hai, saba ApakA hI aMza hai|"48 eka anya sthala para bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki "Apa hI brahmadhAma aura nirguNa nirAkAra haiN| Apa hI saguNa haiN| Apa hI sAkSI rUpa haiN| nirlipta haiM, paramAtmA haiN| prakRti aura puruSa ke bhI Apa hI kAraNa haiN|'49 isa prakAra se jagata ke mUla kAraNa ke rUpa meM zrI kRSNa kA vizada varNana milatA hai| brahmavaivarta purANa meM gokula, rAdhA-mandira, rAdhA-kRSNa kA sAMkhya ke anusAra prakRtipuruSa ke sambandha, zrI kRSNa ke aMzAvatAroM Adi kA sundara varNana haiN| cauthe adhyAya meM

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goloka aura pA~caveM adhyAya meM rAdhA-mandira ke solaha dvAroM kA aizvaryazAlI varNana hai| chaThe meM vAsudeva ko kazyapa, devakI ko aditi, nanda ko vasu tathA yazodA ko vasukAminI kA aMzAvatAra batAyA gayA hai| isake sAtaveM adhyAya meM zrI kRSNa janmAkhyAna, AThaveM meM janmASTamI vrata, nauveM meM nanda ke putrotsava kA manorama varNana milatA hai parantu isameM zRMgArika varNana kI adhikatA hai| isa purANa meM rAdhA kA vizada varNana hai jabaki anya purANoM meM rAdhA kA itanA varNana nahIM hai| bhAgavata meM kevala kRSNa kI priya gopI ke rUpa meM rAdhA ko prasiddhi milI hai| yahA~ rAdhA kRSNa kI prANezvarI, unakI zakti tathA unakI prakRti hai| kRSNa kahate haiM ki "rAdhA! tuma meM aura mere meM koI bheda nahIM hai| jaise dUdha meM saphedI, agni meM dAhakatA aura pRthvI meM gandha rahatI hai, vaise hI maiM sadA tujha meM rahatA huuN| tuma saMsAra ke AdhAra ho aura maiM kAraNa rUpa huuN| maiM jaba tumhAre se alaga rahatA hU~ to loga mujhe kRSNa aura sAtha rahatA hU~ to zrIkRSNa kahate haiN| rAdhA zabda meM prayukta "ra" kAra kA uccAraNa karor3oM janma se andhe, zubha aura azubha karmaphaloM ko naSTa karatA hai| "AkAra" garbhanivAsa, mRtyu aura Adi se chur3AtA hai| "dhakAra" Ayu kI hAni se bacAtA hai aura AkAra bhava bandhana se mukta karatA hai|"50 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya rAdhA ko sarvazaktimAna mAna kara usakI pUjAarcanA pracalita ho gaI thii| isI purANa meM rAdhA kA zrRMgArI aura sAhityika varNana hai| zrI kRSNa kA rUpa saundaryamUlaka hai| yahI saundarya-cetanA Age ke hindI sAhitya ke kRSNabhakta kaviyoM meM dikhAI detI hai| rAdhA viSayaka varNanoM kI mUla upajIvya kRti bhI yahI purANa rahA hai kyoMki rAdhA kA janma, usakA kAraNa, mahattA, rAdhA-mAdhava kI ekarUpatA Adi kA vistArapUrvaka varNana isI purANa meM nirUpita huA hai| brahmavaivartapurANa ke sAtha zrImad bhAgavata purANa bhI kRSNa lIlAoM kA srotagrantha mAnA jAtA hai| zrImad bhAgavata purANa meM zrI kRSNa : . zrI kRSNa ke caritra kA varNana karane vAle purANoM meM bhAgavata kA pramukha sthAna hai| isameM vaidika kAla se aba taka varNita zrI kRSNa sambandhI samasta sAmagrI kA anUThA samanvaya dikhAI par3atA hai| isa grantha meM zrI kRSNa svayaM bhagavad rUpa haiM evaM anya avatAra aMza rUpa ke hI bodhaka mAne gaye haiN|11 bhAgavatakAra ne zrI kRSNa ko vyApaka rUpa meM liyA hai| ve solaha kalAoM ke pUrNa puruSAvatAra mAne gaye haiN| inhIM ke dvArA paMca-bhUtoM kI racanA huI, yaha svIkArA gayA hai| eka sthAna para devakI kRSNa kI stuti karatI huI kaha rahI hai ki :... "he Adya ! jisake aMza kA aMza prakRti hai| jisake aMza ke bhAga dvArA vizva kI sRSTi, sthiti aura pralaya karatI hai| maiM ApakI zaraNa huuN|''52 bhagavAn zrI kRSNa ne svayaM -15 -

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kahA hai ki "maiM saba kA upAdAna kAraNa hone se saba kI AtmA hU~, saba se anugata hU~ isalie mujhameM kabhI bhI tumhArA viyoga nahIM ho sktaa| jagata kA parama kAraNa maiM hI huuN| maiM brahmA aura mahAdeva huuN| maiM saba kI AtmA, Izvara aura sAkSI hU~ tathA svayaM-prakAza aura upAdhi-zUnya huuN| apanI triguNAtmikA mAyA ko svIkAra karake maiM hI jagata kI racanA, pAlana aura saMhAra karatA rahA huuN| aisA hI bhedarahita maiM parabrahma svarUpa huuN| isameM ajJAnI puruSa brahmA, rudra tathA anya jIvoM ko vibhinna rUpa meM dekhatA hai|"53 . bhAgavata purANa meM zrI kRSNa bhakti ke mUlAdhAra haiN| inake caraNa-kamala saMsAra sAgara ko pAra karane ke ekamAtra AdhAra haiN|54 zrI kRSNa ke divya rUpa ke jo darzana mahAbhArata meM hote haiM, usakA pUrNarUpeNa vikAsa bhAgavata meM dikhAI detA hai| mahAbhArata tathA bhAgavata ke aneka AkhyAnoM ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mahAbhArata kA nArAyaNIya dharma tathA bhAgavata kA bhAgavata dharma; donoM eka hI haiN| gItA kA niSkAma karma-yoga bhI bhakti ke abhAva meM saphala nahIM ho sakatA hai| bhAgavata meM isI bhakti ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| bhAgavata meM zrI kRSNa ke sabhI rUpa nirUpita hue haiN|55 (1) adbhuta-karmA asura saMhAraka zrI kRSNa (2) bAla kRSNa (3) gopIbihArI kRSNa (4) rAjanItivettA kRSNa (5) yogezvara kRSNa (6) parabrahma kRSNa prAdhAnya rasikezvara kRssnn| ___ bhAgavata kA dazama skandha kRSNa caritra ke lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isake pUrvArdha meM kRSNa ke bAlalIlA kI, asuroM ke vadha kI evaM aneka alaukika ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| kaMsa vadha kI lIlA, bAla lIlA evaM kizora lIlAe~ isake antargata AtI haiN| isake uttarArddha meM kRSNa ko asura-saMhAraka, rAjanItivettA tathA kUTanItijJa batAyA gayA hai| jarAsaMdha-vadha, dvArakA-nirmANa, rAja-pada kI prApti Adi isake andara samAhita haiN| bhAgavata meM kRSNa eka ora mathurA dvArikA Adi ke mahAn yoddhA haiM to vahIM dUsarI tarapha brajavRndAvana bihArInandana gopAlakRSNa haiN| zrImad bhagavad gItA meM jJAna, karma aura upAsanA para bala diyA hai parantu bhAgavata to zrI kRSNa kI bhakti kI mahattA kA sarvopari samarthaka hai| isake alAvA isameM bhI mahAbhArata kI bhA~ti kRSNa ko pANDavoM ke salAhakAra, arjuna ke sakhA, gItA ke upadezaka evaM dharma ke saMsthApaka batAye gaye haiN| zrI kRSNa ke yogezvara svarUpa kA vikAsa isI purANa meM dikhAI detA hai| kRSNa hI pUrNa brahma haiN| isI se inakI lIlAe~ laukika na rahakara yoga-lIlAe~ bana gaI haiN| gopiyA~, rAdhA tathA gopa; ye bhI kRSNa-caritra ke abhinna aMga haiN| gopiyA~ pUrva janma kI RSi thiiN| zrI kRSNa kI lIlAoM meM bhAga lene ke lie kRSNa ke sAtha unhoMne bhI braja meM avatAra liyA thaa| zrImad bhAgavata meM gopikAoM ko devAMganAoM kA avatAra batAyA gayA hai|56

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isa prakAra yaha purANa apane Apa meM anokhA hai| isameM varNita kRSNa alaukika bhI haiM to dUsarI tarapha sarasa bhii| isa purANa meM varNita kRSNa caritra kA prabhAva madhyakAlIna hindI kaviyoM para sarvAdhika par3A hai| inhoMne zrI kRSNa ke mohaka rUpa kI vyaMjanA ke sAtha gopAMganAoM ke samyak rUpa ko abhivyakta kara apanA Azraya aura Alambana svIkAra kiyA hai| viSNu purANa meM zrI kRSNa : viSNu purANa meM bhI zrI kRSNa kA manorama rUpa citrita huA hai| isameM unakI rAsalIlA sambandhI zloka haiN| eka sthAna para zrI kRSNa kI sundaratA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zrI kRSNa kA kamala sadRza khilA mukha gopikAoM ke satRSNa netroM ke AkarSaNa kA sAdhana hai| unakI nRtya kI gati aura valaya kA madhura rava, donoM milakara gati evaM dhvani saundarya ke janaka ho jAte haiN| viSNu purANa ke cauthe aMza ke pandrahaveM adhyAya meM kRSNa janma tathA pA~caveM meM zrI kRSNa lIlA kA varNana hai| isa purANa meM zrI kRSNa ko sRSTikartA, usakA pAlana kartA evaM saMhAraka rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa purANa meM kRSNa ko pUrNAvatAra, parabrahma, jagata ke kAraNa tathA paramezvara ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| aise kRSNAvatAra kI samAnatA brahmapurANa meM varNita kRSNAvatAra hI hai| brahmapurANa meM zrI kRSNa : isa purANa meM zrI kRSNa kI sabhI lIlAoM kA varNana hai| DaoN0 soma viSNupurANa tathA brahmapurANa eka hI kavi kI kRti mAnate hue likhate haiM ki-"brahmapurANa ke adhyAya 62 se 103 taka aura viSNu purANa ke pA~caveM aMza ke 38 adhyAyoM meM kRSNa caritra sambandhI zloka eka se haiN| kahIM-kahIM eka Adha zabda jaise--jambe ke sthAna para vRtre, suroM ke sthAna para dvijA aura ekAdha zloka kA hI thor3A sA antara hai| ataH ve kisI eka hI kavi kI kRti jAna par3atI haiN|8 padmapurANa meM zrI kRSNa :... isa purANa meM zrI kRSNa-kathA saMkSepa meM hai| isa purANa kA mahattva zrI kRSNa-lIlA ke AdhyAtmika siddhAnta pakSa ke dRSTikoNa se adhika hai| isameM pAtAla khaNDa meM zrI kRSNa kI kathA hai| uttara khaMDa meM zrI kRSNa kA avatAra evaM anya caritra haiN| isameM mukhya rUpa se gopa kanyAe~ aura deva kanyAe~ gopiyoM ke rUpa meM avatarita huI darzAyA gayA hai| vAyupurANa meM zrI kRSNa : isa purANa meM zrI kRSNa-kathA vistRta nahIM miltii| isake adhyAya 96-97 meM zrI kRSNa ke vaMza kA varNana hai| dvitIya khaNDa ke 34veM adhyAya meM syamantaka

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maNi kI kathA hai| isa kathA meM zrI kRSNa jAmbavAna ko yuddha meM parAjita kara syamantaka maNi tathA usakI putrI jAmbavatI ko lekara dvArakA Ate haiN| isameM zrI kRSNa kI alaukikatA ke darzana hote haiM, jaise-kRSNa ke janma ke samaya sAgara kA kaMpita honA, parvatoM kA calAyamAna honA, jyotiyoM kA camakanA evaM vijaya nAmaka muhUMta meM kRSNa kA janma honA Adi bAtoM kI carcA hai / rukmiNI, satyA, satyabhAmA Adi apsarAoM ke caturdaza guNoM se sambandhita solaha sahasra kRSNapatniyoM kA ullekha bhI isameM milatA hai| isameM zrI kRSNa rAdhAvilAsI, goloka meM krIr3A karane vAle, kuMjabihArI tathA pItAmbaradhArI haiN| vAmana purANa meM bhI zrI kRSNa caritra kA varNana saMkSepa meM AtA hai| isameM kezI, ura tathA kAlanemi vadha kI carcA hai / vAmanAvatAra tathA trivikrama kI bhI kaMthA AtI hai| kUrma purANa meM bhI yaduvaMza ke varNana ke bAda 25veM adhyAya meM kRSNa kI kathA kA aMza hai jisameM kRSNa putra kI prApti ke lie mahAdeva kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| garur3a purANa ke AcAra kANDa meM zrI kRSNa kI kathA kA vistAra hai| 144veM adhyAya ke 11 zlokoM meM pUtanA, zakaTa, yamalArjuna, kAliyadamana, govardhana-dhAraNa, kezI, cANUra vadha, guru sAMdIpani dvArA zikSA lAbha evaM zrI kRSNa kI ATha patniyoM kA varNana hai| isa prakAra uparyukta purANoM meM zrI kRSNa braja-bihArI, gopIjana-vallabha, lIlAvihArI rasika kRSNa haiN| mahAbhArata ke vIra yoddhA, dharmarakSaka kRSNa kA yahA~ abhAva hai| ina purANoM meM mukhya rUpa se zrI kRSNa gopikAoM ke prema ko hI vividha rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa gopI-bhAva ko purANakAroM ne mahAbhAva kI saMjJA dekara isake mahattva ko bar3hA diyA hai| isameM vAsudeva, nArAyaNa, hari, acyuta, kezava, murAri, janArdana ityAdi kaI nAmoM se zrI kRSNa kA stava kiyA gayA hai| gopiyA~, rAdhA evaM gopa-ye sabhI zrI kRSNa caritra ke abhinna aMga haiN| gopiyoM ko pUrva janma meM RSi mAnakara kRSNalIlA meM bhAga lene hetu braja meM avatarita huI batAyA gayA hai| parantu ina purANoM ne kRSNa-vyaktitva ke vikAsa ko mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| kRSNa aura krAisTa : bhAratIya itihAsa meM kRSNa caritra eka aisA lokapriya vyaktitva rahA hai ki jisane aneka sampradAyoM ko apanI ora AkarSita kiyA hai| unhoMne zrI kRSNa ko kisI na kisI rUpa se apane sampradAya, dharma ke sAtha jor3ane kA prayAsa liyA hai| kaI pAzcAtya vidvAn griyarsana, keneDI, bebara Adi kRSNa ko krAisTa kA uccAraNa mAnate haiM / bhakti kI bhAvanA bhI hinduoM ko masIhI dena hai|59 baMgAla meM kRSNa ko "krisTo" kahate haiN| yUnAna tathA roma nivAsI bhI krAisTa kA uccAraNa "kRSTAsa" karate haiN|

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kRSNa aura krAisTa kI sAmyatAe~ : krAisTa kA janma bhI karIba-karIba kRSNa jaisA hI zuru hotA hai| unakA janma bhI aMdherI rAta meM hotA hai aura vaha bhI azvazAlA meM, jisakA kisI ko patA na claa| usI taraha kRSNa kA janma bhI aMdherI rAtri meM kArAgAra meM hotA hai| janma ke samaya krAisTa tathA kRSNa donoM bhaya se ghire rahate haiN| krAisTa ko nRzaMsa rAjA se bacAne hetu mizra deza bhejA jAtA hai to zrI kRSNa ko gokula le jAyA jAtA hai| jArja griyarsana kA mata hai ki-"vaiSNavoM kI dAsya bhakti, prasAda, pUtanA-stanapAna Adi IsAIyata kI dena haiN| pUtanA bAibala kI vArjina hai| prasAda lavakIs aura dAsyabhakti pApa-pIDita mAnavatA kA rudn|'60 moreno nAmaka eka vidvAn ne kRSNa aura krAisTa ke sAmya kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki "IsAmasIha ne mAnava jAti ke lie apane prANoM kA balidAna kara diyaa| kraoNsa dvArA unakI burI taraha se hatyA kara dI gii| kRSNa ke pAdatala meM bhI eka vyAdha ne anajAna meM bANa mArA / jhAr3iyoM meM chipe rahane ke kAraNa vaha unheM dekha nahIM skaa| yUropa Aja bhI janoddhAraka prabhu IsAmasIha kI pavitra smRti meM sira jhukAtA hai aura bhArata ke karor3oM nara-nArI Adarza puruSa janatA ke nAyaka zrI kRSNa ke caraNoM meM apanA mastaka jhukAte haiN|"61 DaoN0 muMzIrAma kA. mata hai ki "jina saMketoM se pAzcAtya vidvAn kRSNa ko krAisTa kA rUpAntaraNa mAnate haiM, inameM se kaI saMketoM kA khaNDana pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA ho cukA hai|" pazcima ke hI vidvAn DaoN0 e0vI0 kIpa ne isakA khaNDana kiyA hai| kRSNa krAisTa kA rUpAntaraNa kyoM? krAisTa kRSNa kA rUpAntaraNa kyoM nahIM? kRSNa kA astitva hama brAhmaNa kAla taka dikhA cuke haiN| kyA pazcimI vidvAn mAneMge ki kRSNa kI kathA vahA~ krAisTa santa ke nAma se pracalita ho gaI? "bAibila ina inDiyA" kA phrAMsIsI lekhaka jekAliyara to aisA hI kahatA hai / 62 yaha nizcita hai ki IsA ke saikar3oM varSoM pUrva adhikAMza hindU kRSNa kI bhakti yA pUjA karate the| yUnAnI rAjadUta megasthanIja ke lekhoM se yaha pramANita ho jAtA hai| usane svayaM ne likhA hai ki "vaha bhAratIya heroklIja zArIrika evaM Atmika bala meM sabase baMDA-car3hA thaa| usane sArI pRthvI aura samudroM ko pApazUnya kara diyA aura kaI nagara bsaaye| usake cale jAne ke bAda loga use Izvara kI taraha pUjane lge| bhArata kI zaurasenI (yAdava) jAti ke loga unakI vizeSa rUpa se pUjA karate haiN| mathurA aura klIsoberA nAma kI nagariyoM para usakA Adhipatya hai tathA una donoM nagaroM ke bIca johArIna (jamunA) bahatI hai| jarmana vidvAn lesala kI dhAraNA hai ki bhAratIya heroklIja nAma se kRSNa kA hI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai|"63 =19

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DaoN0 bhaMDArakara Adi vidvAnoM kI isa prakAra kI mAnyatA hai ki bAla kRSNa kI kathA vAstava meM sIriyA se calakara bhArata meM aaii| ghumakkar3a mleccha AbhIra jAti ke bAladevatA kI kathA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM AbhIroM ke bAladevatA zrI kRSNa kI prAcInatA kA ullekha milatA hai| unakA mata hai ki AbhIra loga saMbhavataH bAladevatI kI janma-kathA pUjA bhArata ke bIca le Ae aura kucha kathAe~ unhoMne bhArata meM Ane ke bAda jor3a dii| ve likhate haiM ki 'saMbhava hai ki ve apane sAtha krAisTa nAma bhI lAe ho tathA saMbhavataH yahI nAma vAsudeva kRSNa ke sAtha bhArata varSa meM bAladevatA ke ekIkaraNa kA kAraNa huA ho|'64 DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne isa mata kA joradAra khaNDana kiyA hai| bhaMDArakara kA yaha anumAna ni:saMdeha asaMgata hai| jinhoMne bhASA-zAstra kA kucha bhI paricaya prApta kiyA hogA, ve AsAnI se yaha asaMgati samajha sakate haiN| bhaNDArakara jaise paNDita ne kaise isa prakAra kA anumAna kiyA hogA, yaha socakara Azcarya hotA hai| para, aura bhI Azcarya janaka hai--isa para yUropIya paNDita kA aasphaaln| svargIya tilaka ne eka jagaha "vena" zabda kA sambandha grIka ke "venasa" se dikhAkara yaha siddha karanA cAhA ki vedoM ne zukra kI carcA karanI cAhI hai| isa para mekDonAlDa tathA kItha ne vaidika iNDeksa meM kaI jagaha isa anumAna ko atisaMbhava batAyA hai| ye hI yUropiyana vidvAn bhaMDArakara ke anusAra anumAna ko itanA mahattva dete haiN| tilaka kI isa bAta kA samarthana hote hue bhI hama yaha pUchanA cAhate haiM ki tilaka kA anumAna kyA isase adhika hai? yUropiyana paNDitoM se adhika koI nahIM jAnatA ki krAisTa kA mUla uccAraNa vahI nahIM jo Aja pracalita hai|5|| isake uparAnta bhI IsA kA nAma yIzu yA jIsasa hai| krAisTa to eka upAdhi hai, jisakA artha masIhA hotA hai| IsAI loga yIzu ko masIhA hI mAnakara unheM lokarakSaka ke rUpa meM yAda karate haiN| isI taraha se "krAisTa ina ArTa" kA tAtparya liyA jAtA hai ki loka-rakSaNa kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI klaa| niSkarSa ke taura para krAisTa, krisTo aura kRSNa kI sAmyatA nirAdhAra, asaMgata aura pUrNa rUpa se galata siddha ho jAtI hai| donoM nAmoM meM koI sAmaMjasya nahIM hai| AbhIroM ke bAla kRSNa : _ DaoN. bhaMDArakara Adi kaI vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAnusAra bAla kRSNa kI kathA vAstava meM AbhIra jAti ke bAladevatA kI kathA hai| lekina kRSNa kA AbhIra jAti se sambaddha hone tathA AbhIroM kA IsA pUrva bhArata meM basa jAnA Adi bAteM asaMgata pratIta hotI hai| AbhIroM kA IsA pUrva yahA~ AnA asambhava nahIM hai parantu AbhIra isI deza kI bhI jAti ho sakatI hai| inake apane bAladevatA bhI ho sakate haiN| vAstava meM AbhIra zabda dravir3a bhASA kA hai jisakA artha hotA hai "gopaal"| parantu yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki

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AbhIroM kI mukhAkRti dravir3a nahIM, sIriyana hai| ho sakatA hai ki AbhIra nAmaka dravir3a jAti kA dharma bhakti-pradhAna ho evaM devatA bAlakRSNa ho aura bAda meM sIriyana jAtiyA~ Akara inakA dharmagrahaNa karake apane Apako AbhIra kahane lage ho|6|| ___harivaMza purANa meM AbhIroM ke bAladevatA zrI kRSNa kA varNana milatA hai| inhIM AbhIroM dvArA kRSNavaMza kI samApti para usa vaMza kI striyoM ko arjuna dvArA dvArikA se kurukSetra le jAte samaya AkramaNa kiyA gayA thaa| ye lUTere mleccha mAne gaye haiM jo paMcanada meM rahate the| kaI vidvAn inakA vistAra mathurA ke nikaTa mahAvana se lekara dvArikA ke pAsa anUpa tathA Anarta deza taka batAte haiN| vAyupurANa meM bhI AbhIroM ke rAjyavaMza kA varNana milatA hai| inake dasa rAjAoM kA varNana 9 . viSNupurANa meM inheM koMkaNa tathA saurASTra kA nivAsI batAyA gayA hai| saurASTra meM pAyI jAne vAlI lipi se zakasaMvat 112 ke AsapAsa ve rAjya karane lage the| kaI vidvAna AbhIroM kA mUlasthAna bhAratavarSa hI mAnate haiN| IsA ke pUrva bhI AbhIra bhAratavarSa meM the parantu gopAla kRSNa va bAlakRSNa kI kathAoM kA vAsudeva meM samAveza AbhIroM ke dvArA hI huA hai| DaoN0 malika mohammada kA kathana yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki "AbhIra jAti vAstava meM tamila pradeza. kI Ayara jAti hai| Ayara kA artha gvAlA hotA hai| tamila meM "A" gAya ko kahate haiN| purANoM meM inheM AbhIra kahA gayA hai| tamila sAhitya ke saMghapUrNa kAla kI racanA taulakAppiyam (I0pU0 pA~cavIM sadI) tathA saMghakAla IsA ke dUsarI sadI taka kI racanAoM meM tamila pradeza ke vibhinna adhidevatAoM tathA bhU-bhAgoM kA varNana milatA hai| mulle pradeza (vana bhUmi) meM gocAraNa kA vyavasAya karane vAle Ayara kahe jAte the| ina gvAloM ke devatAoM kA nAma mAyona thaa| ve mAyona AyaroM ke bAla devatA the| ina bAla devatAoM sambandhI aneka kathAe~ pracalita thiiN| jinakA varNana saMghasAhitya meM milatA hai| Ayara loga apane bAla devatA ke bAla jIvana sambandhI kathAoM ke AdhAra para nRtya bhI karate the| 167 tamita ke mAyona kA vaidika viSNu aura mahAbhArata ke kRSNa ke sAtha samanvaya :___. IsA se zatAbdI pUrva hI bhArata ke Arya, prAcIna tamila pradeza meM gye| AryoM ke sAtha mahAbhArata dvArA pracalita bhAgavata dharma bhI vahA~ gyaa| isa prakAra vaidika saMskRti kA tamila saMskRti ke sAtha samanvaya huaa| uttara se dakSiNa prayANa karane vAle loga apane sAtha vaidika grantha-veda, upaniSad, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, gItA Adi ke vicAra bhI le aaye| unake sAtha kRSNa kathA bhI dakSiNa gii| vaha vAsudeva kRSNa kI kathA thI, usameM bAlakRSNa kA rUpa nahIM thaa| jaba do saMskRti kA milana ho gayA, tamila pradeza ke vaidika paramparA se bhinna devatAoM kA vaidika devatAoM ke sAtha ekIkaraNa ho gyaa| tamila logoM ke mAyona, murugana, kAivai, zivana Adi kA vaidika devatAoM se milana ho gyaa| mulle pradeza ke bAladevatA mAyona kA vaidika viSNu se sAmya hone ke kAraNa milana ho gyaa|

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uttara bhArata se Ane vAle logoM ke devatA mahAbhArata aura gItA ke vAsudeva kRSNa kA jisameM gopAla kRSNa kA aMza nahIM thA, tamila pradeza ke mAyona bAladevatA ke sAtha ekIkaraNa ho gyaa| isa taraha isa mAyona devatA kI bAlalIlA sambandhI kathAe~ mahAbhArata ke kRSNa ke sAtha jur3a giiN| ___ uttara bhArata va dakSiNa bhArata donoM saMskRtiyoM ke samanvaya ke bAda vartamAna kRSNa ke isa rUpa kI prasthApanA ho gii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vartamAna kRSNa ke jIvana kA. uttarArddha mahAbhArata kA hai jabaki pUrvArddha tamila devatA mAyona kaa| tamila se IsA ke pazcAt "kannana" zabda milatA hai jo "kRSNa" kA hI apabhraMza hai| kRSNa kA raMga zyAma hai tathA tamila kA mAyona zabda bhI kAle yA nIle raMga kA dyotaka hai| Arya gauravarNa vAle haiM tathA tamiloM ko kAlA raMga vAlA kahA jAtA hai| ataH tamila ke devatA mAyona ke raMga ko kRSNa dvArA apanAnA bhI kRSNa mAyona ke ekIkaraNa ko puSTa karatA hai| isa prakAra DaoN0 malika mohammada ne AbhIra jAti ko vizuddha bhAratIya svIkAra karate hue zrI kRSNa kI bAla-kathAoM kA sambandha Ayara jAti ke mAyona se sambandhita mAnA hai| zrImad bhAgavata meM bhI varNita bhakti kA dakSiNa se uttara kI ora Agamana kA saMketa hai| bhAgavata mAhAtmya meM likhA hai ki bhakti dravir3a deza se utpanna hokara, karnATaka meM bar3I huI tathA vRndAvana meM pnpii| bhakti drAvir3a upajI lAye rAmAnanda , . vaiSNava dharma ke AcArya bhI dakSiNa ke the| kRSNa kA sAMvalA raMga mUlataH dakSiNa kI ora saMketa karatA hai| niSkarSa ke taura para Aja jo kRSNa kA svarUpa hamAre samakSa hai, vaha mahAbhArata ke kRSNa va tamila pradeza ke bAla devatA mAyona se avazya samanvita hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa : vaidika aura paurANika sAhitya ke pazcAt zrI kRSNa caritra kA varNana saMskRta vAGmaya meM bhI pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai| saMskRta ke mUrdhanya kavi kAlidAsa ne "meghadUta" meM gopAla kRSNa ko nirUpita kiyA hai| pANini tathA paMtajali ne bhI zrI kRSNa ke sambandha meM apane kAvyoM meM likhA hai| prasiddha kavi aura nATakakAra "bhAsa" ne bhI mahAbhArata kI kathA ke AdhAra para zrI kRSNa kA varNana "dUtakAvya" tathA "bAlacarita" nATakoM meM ullekhita kiyA hai| "bAla-carita" nATaka meM zrI kRSNa vIrapuruSa ke rUpa meM citrita hue haiM, ve kaMsa kA vadha karate haiN| azvaghoSa ne bhI kRSNa kI madhura lIlAoM kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki kRSNa-lIlA lokagItoM aura janazrutiyoM ke AdhAra para pallavita hone lgii| prathama zatAbdI ke sAtavAhana rAjA "hAla" ne kRSNa-lIlA kI gAthAoM kA saMkalana

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apane prasiddha grantha "gAthA-saptazatI" meM kiyA hai| isameM kRSNa rAdhA aura gopiyoM ke prema sambandhI aneka kathAe~ haiM, jisameM zrRMgArika varNana milatA hai| saMskRta kavi nArAyaNa bhaTTa ne apane "veNI-saMhAra" nATaka ke nAndI zloka meM apanI prArthanA meM rAdhA-kRSNa lIlA kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| isameM zrI kRSNa catura rAjanItijJa ke rUpa meM nirUpita haiN| mAravAr3a, bhInamAla meM janme saMskRta ke mahAkavi mAgha ne "zizupAlavadha" nAmaka mahAkAvya likhA jisakI mUla kathA mahAbhArata se lI gaI hai| isameM zrI kRSNa kA vizada varNana hai| alaMkAra grantha "dhvanyAvaloka" ke racayitA AcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI kucha zlokoM meM zrI rAdhAkRSNa ke madhura prema ko manorama rUpa se nirUpita kiyA hai| AcArya kSemendra ne bhI apanI prasiddha kRti 'dazAvarA caritra" meM zrI kRSNa ke bhakta-vatsala tathA parAkramI svarUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai| inakA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI hai| "kavi lIlAMkuza" ne apane grantha "kRSNa-karNAmRta stotra" meM kRSNa bhakti ke sAtha mAdhurya aura Atma samarpaNa kA bhAva nirUpita kiyA hai| isa grantha ko caitanya mahAprabhu dakSiNa se le Aye the| isameM nAgalIlA, dAgalIlA tathA kRSNa viSayaka lIlAoM kA varNana hai| __isake uparAnta, bArahavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha kavi jayadeva ne apanI prAsaddha kRti gIta-govinda meM rAdhA kRSNa kI zrRMgArika lIlAoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| isa grantha kA paravartI sAhitya para bhI paryApta prabhAva par3A hai| kahIM-kahIM yaha varNana azlIlatA ko bhI chU jAtA hai| hindI ke madhyayugIna bhaktikAlIna evaM rItikAlIna kRSNa caritra para isakA prabhAva spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| bhakti ke Alambana zrI kRSNa svayaM rAdhA Ara gopiyoM ke sAtha zrRMgAra rasa ke pramukha Alambana bana gaye haiN| "gIta-govinda" meM rAdhA kRSNa kA madhura milana, premakrIr3A, . mAdaka premAnubhuti ke citra sajIva ho gaye haiN| jayadeva ke samakAlIna "umApati dhara" ne bhI zrI kRSNa viSayaka pada likhe haiN| unake kRSNa rUkmiNI ke sAtha dvArakA meM vihAra kara rahe haiM parantu unheM gopa-bAlAoM kI madhura yAda hai| isI kAla meM "lakSmaNasena" ne bhI "veNunAda" sambandhI pada likhe haiN| kezavasena ne bhI apane padoM meM kRSNa caritra kA varNana kiyA hai parantu una para jayadeva kA spaSTa prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| "zatAnanda" kavi ne bhI apane padoM meM zrI kRSNa-lIlA kA varNana kiyA hai| govardhana dhAraNa ke samaya rAdhA dvArA sahAyatA kI AkAMkSA eka pada meM varNita hai| "baladeva upAdhyAya" ke saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa ke anusAra vaidya-jIvana ke kartA lolimbarAja kA harivilAsa, rAja cUDAmaNi * dIkSita kA "rukmiNI kalyANa" kRSNadAsa kavirAja kA "govinda lIlAmRta" tathA amaracanda sUri kA "bAla-mahAbhArata" Adi bhI kRSNa kAvya ke antargata Ate haiN| - uparyukta prakAra se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki saMskRta sAhitya meM jo zrI kRSNa caritra kA varNana milatA hai, usameM alaukikatA ko mahattva na dekara gopIjana-vallabha aura rAdhA - -

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ke priya kRSNa ko hI vizeSa rUpa se nirUpita kiyA hai| jayadeva Adi ne to rAdhA-kRSNa ko nAyaka-nAyikA kI taraha prastuta kiyA hai| "saranAmasiMha" ne likhA hai ki "gItagovinda meM rAdhA kRSNa kI saMbhoga krIr3A kA ullekha hai|172 niSkarSa ke taura para kaha sakate haiM ki zrI kRSNa rAdhA kI kelikrIr3A ke citroM ko saMskRta sAhitya meM mukhya rUpa se varNita kiyA gayA hai| ina varNanoM meM zrI kRSNa kA aitihAsika svarUpa dhIre-dhIre vilupta hokara, unake zRMgArika rUpa kI pradhAnatA bar3hane lagI hai| AcArya dinakara ne ina kaviyoM para kaTAkSa karate hue likhA hai ki "kRSNa kA sambandha phasala aura gAya se thaa| prAcIna granthoM meM unake sAtha jo prema kathAe~ nahIM milatI, usase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki ve . kore premI aura halke jIva nahIM, balki deza ke bahuta bar3e netA the| avazya hI gopAla lIlA rAsa evaM cIraharaNa kI kathAe~ tathA unakA rasika rUpa bAda meM bhrAnta kaviyoM aura AcAracyuta bhaktoM kI kalpanA hai, jinheM, una logoM ne kRSNa caritra meM jabaradastI DhUMsa diyA hai| zakoM ke hrAsa kAla meM jisa prakAra mahAdeva kA rUpAntaraNa liMga meM huA, isI prakAra guptoM ke avanati kAla meM vAsudeva kA rUpAntaraNa vyabhicArI gopAla meM huaa|173 __ AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne bhI vaiSNavabhakta gItagovindakAra jayadeva ko kRSNa bhakta paramparA meM nahIM rakhA hai| unhoMne bhI isa grantha ko ghora zRMgArI kAvya grantha ghoSita kiyA hai| ___ parantu kaI vidvAna ise zRMgArika racanA na mAnakara bhaktibhAvanA yukta svarUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| unake matAnusAra gopI prema meM jo kAma kI gandha AtI hai, vaha bhrama hai| satya to isake bhItara AdhyAtmika bhAvanA hai| gopI AtmA kA pratIka hai, jo anAsakta-alaukika evaM azarIrI prema karatI hai| isa tattva ko vahI samajhatA hai jo Atma-samarpaNa kara de| rAdhA-kRSNa viSayaka zRMgAra, vilAsa aura kAma varNana cinmukha hai, vaha jar3onmukha nahIM hai| ataH vaha nizcaya hI kAma athavA laukika zreNI meM nahIM aataa| vaha to vizuddha prema aura bhakti bhAva hai| zrI hanumAna prasAda poddAra ne kahA hai ki jisa lIlA ke bhalI bhA~ti samajhakara zraddhApUrvaka par3hane-sunane se hI, aneka kAma vikAra naSTa hokara parAbhakti prApta hotI hai, usa lIlA ke karane vAle bhagavAn aura unakI preyasI, nAyaka-nAyikA-gopikAoM meM kAmavikAra dekhanA yA kaluSita mAnavI vyabhicAra kI kalpanA karanA kAmavimohita viSayAsakta manuSyoM ke buddhi-doSa kA pariNAma hai| brajalIlA parama pavitra hai| isa bAta ko premIjana bhalI-bhA~ti jAnate haiM aura usI se nArada sadRza devarSi aura ziva sadRza mahAdeva usameM sammilita hone kI icchA se gopI bhAva meM dIkSita hote haiN| uparyukta samIkSA se spaSTa hotA hai ki saMskRta kaviyoM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM zRMgAra rasa kA AdhAra banAkara puruSottama kRSNa kI mAdhuryabhAva kI bhakti kA varNana kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa kA yahI mAdhuryabhAva Age calakara vidyApati ke padAvalI meM spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| Age calakara isI paramparA ko hindI sAhitya meM bhI apanAyA gayA hai|

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kRSNa-bhakti kA udbhava aura vikAsa : bhakti kA artha hai-"bhakta dvArA apane iSTa ke prati tAdAtmya sthApita krnaa|" isameM bhakta kA apane iSTa ke prati AkarSaNa hotA hai| isI AkarSaNa ke dvArA vaha bhagavadanugraha prApta karane kI kAmanA karatA hai evaM usameM vilIna hone kI utkaTa utkaMThA rakhatA hai| hindU-dharma meM hama kRSNa bhakti kA kramika vikAsa pAte haiN| prArambha meM ise vAsudeva bhakti, sAtvata nArAyaNIya dharma, pAMcarAtra dharma ityAdi kaI nAmoM se abhihita kiyA jAtA thaa| jisa prakAra kRSNa ko viSNu, indra, nArAyaNa, vAsudeva Adi se samanvaya sthApita kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra kRSNa-bhakti kA bhI vaidika kAla se kramika vikAsa hotA rahA hai| hama isake vistAra meM na jAkara saMkSepa meM hI carcA kareMge ki-"jaba kRSNa ko brahma kA avatAra mAna liyA gayA, usa samaya unakI bhakti kA pracAra prArambha ho gyaa| parantu kRSNa bhakti kA mUla udgama saguNa bhakti kA pratipAdana karane vAlA prasiddha grantha zrImad bhAgavata hI mAnA jAtA hai| mahAbhArata meM kRSNa ko viSNu kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai, jabaki bhAgavata meM kRSNa ko pUrNa brahma ke pada para pratiSThita kiyA hai|" mahAbhArata ke kRSNa lokarakSaNa aura lokareMjana karane vAle the, parantu bhAgavata meM unake bAla kizora rUpa kI mahattA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| isI se bhAgavata ko zrI kRSNa bhakti kA sarvazreSTha tathA sarvapradhAna grantha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhAgavata ke AdhAra para sarvaprathama mAdhvAcArya ne kRSNopAsanA para vizeSa bala diyaa| ye dakSiNa ke AcArya the tathA inakI prasiddha dhArmika pustaka "ratnAvalI" hai| isa sampradAya ko mAnane vAle saMkIrtana tathA nagara kIrtana ko bhakti kA sopAna mAnate haiN| mAdhvAcArya ne dvaitavAda ke siddhAnta para kRSNa bhakti kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| isa samaya taka rAdhA, kRSNa kA abhinna aMga nahIM banI thI parantu Age calakara nimbArkAcArya tathA viSNusvAmI ne rAdhA kI pUrNa pratiSThA kii| nimbArkAcArya 12 zatAbdI meM hue| inake sampradAya kA pradhAna kendra dakSiNa bhArata na hokara vRndAvana thaa| inhoMne "brahmasUtra" kI vyAkhyA kI tathA "dvaitAdvaitavAda" siddhAnta kI pratiSThA kI, jo unakA bhakti mArga thaa| isa sampradAya ko "haMsasampradAya" bhI kahate haiN| ____ nimbArkAcArya kI bhA~ti viSNusvAmI bhI kRSNa bhakti ke pramukha AcArya the| inakA dArzanika siddhAnta "zuddhAdvaitavAda" ke nAma se prakhyAta haiN| ye bAlakRSNa ke upAsaka the| inake samudAya ko "rudra sampradAya' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| Age calakara vallabhAcArya ke prabhAva ke kAraNa yaha sampradAya unake puSTi-mArga meM mila gyaa| kRSNa-bhakti-paramparA meM mahAprabhu caitanya kA nAma zIrSastha rakhA jAtA hai| inake sampradAya ko "caitanya sampradAya" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| caitanya mahAprabhu mUla rUpa se "navadvIpa" (baMgAla) ke the, parantu inake anuyAyI braja pradeza meM rahate the|

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DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA ne mahAprabhu caitanya ke bAre meM likhA hai ki "yadi rAmAnujAcArya se prabhAvita hokara unake anuyAyI rAmAnanda ne viSNu aura nArAyaNa kA rUpAntaraNa kara rAmabhakti kA pracAra kiyA to nimbArkAcArya, mAdhvAcArya tathA viSNusvAmI ke AdarzoM ko sAmane rakhakara unake anuyAyI caitanya evaM vallabhAcArya ne zrI kRSNa kI bhakti kA pracAra kiyaa| yaha bhakti bhAgavata-purANa se lI gaI hai| isameM jJAna kI apekSA prema kA hI adhika mahattva hai| Atma-ciMtana kI apekSA AtmasamarpaNa kI bhAvanA kA prAdhAnya hai|175 caitanya mahAprabhu kI kIrtana-tanmayatA prasiddha hai| isa sampradAya ko dvaitAdvaita mata mAnya thA, jisake anusAra kRSNa ke do rUpa haiM-saguNa evaM nirgunn| inake ekamAtra ArAdhya zrI kRSNa narAkRti lIlAmaya puruSottama evaM mAdhurya-maNDita haiN| isa sampradAya kI AdivANI, gIta-govinda-bhASA Adi prasiddha pustakeM haiN| . kRSNa bhakti zAkhA meM "vallabhAcArya" kA sthAna mUrdhanya mAnA jAtA hai / ve telugupradeza ke evaM viSNusvAmI ke matAvalambI lakSmaNa bhaTTa ke putra the| inakA jIvana saMvat 1409 se 1530 taka mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne apane sampradAya kA kendra sthala govardhana sthita zrI nAthajI ke mandira meM sthApita kiyA, jisakA nirmANa vallabhAcArya ke bhakta pUranamala khatrI ne san 1514 meM kiyA thaa| isa sampradAya ke dArzanika siddhAnta ko "puSTimArga". ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yahI puSTimArga hindI ke kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM kA mUlAdhAra rahA hai| isameM mAdhuryabhAva para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra zrI kRSNa ke bAla kizora rUpa kI mAdhuryabhAva kI upAsanA hI sarvazreSTha hai| mAdhuryabhAva pradhAna hone ke kAraNa inakI bhakti bhI mAdhurI bhakti kahalAtI hai| isameM bhagavAn ke anugraha kI prApti hI mukhya hai evaM bAlakRSNa kI lIlA meM bhAga lenA bhakta kA sarvasva hai| isa bhakti kA pUrNa paripAka rAdhAkRSNa aura gopiyoM ke prema se hI hotA hai| . vallabhAcArya ne mukti ke do mArga mAne haiM--eka jJAna mArga aura dUsarA sAdhanA maarg| jise maryAdA mArga kahA hai, vaha pahale prakAra kA hai tathA dUsarA anugraha kA mArga hai, jise puSTi mArga kahA hai| yaha mArga maryAdA mArga se zreSTha hai| isake anusAra bhakti aura anugraha dvArA prApta mukti hI manuSya kA ekamAtra lakSya honA caahie| isa mArga dvArA mukti prApta karane se jIvAtmA paramAtmA ke sannikaTa goloka meM pahu~ca jAtI hai tathA usakI lIlA meM bhAga lene lagatI hai| DaoN0 dayAnanda zrIvAstava ne puSTimArga ke siddhAntoM ko saMkSepa meM isa prakAra se prastuta kiyA hai :(1) bhakti ke lie bhagavAn kA anugraha anivArya hai| (2) bhakti hI mukti kA ekamAtra sAdhana hai| (3) rAdhA kRSNa kI Atmazakti hai|

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(4) zrI kRSNa kA bAlarUpa hI upAsya hai isake sAtha mAdhurya bhAva se prerita rAdhA-kRSNa kA yugala rUpa bhI upAsya hai| (5) bhakti ke do prakAra haiM-(1) maryAdA-bhakti (2) puSTi-bhakti sAdhana sApekSa maryAdA bhakti hai aura sAdhana nirapekSa bhakti puSTi-bhakti hai| yaha bhagavAn ke anugraha para hI AdhArita hai| apanI lIlA ke lie bhagavAn sRSTi kI racanA karate haiN| (6) puSTi ke cAra rUpa haiM--(ka) pravAha puSTi arthAt saMsAra ke madhya hI bhakti karanA (kha) maryAdA puSTi-saMsAra se AkarSita rahakara kRSNa kA guNagAna karanA (ga) puSTipuSTi-kRSNa ke anugraha se prApta bhakti (gha) zuddhi-puSTi kevala prema ke anugraha ke AdhAra para kRSNa kA anugrahaNa prApta krnaa| 6 / / ___ AcArya vallabha ne zuddhAdvaita tathA puSTimArga ko lekara kaI grantha likhe haiM, jo SoDaza grantha ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| unhoMne kRSNa ko parabrahma mAnA hai tathA unake anugraha ko prApta karane ko kahA hai| vallabhAcArya ke gau-lokavAsa pazcAt kramazaH unake do putroM ne gopInAtha tathA viTThalanAtha ne isa mata kA prasAra-pracAra kiyaa| viTThalanAtha ne to kRSNabhakta ATha pramukha kaviyoM ko sammalita kara aSTachApa kI sthApanA kI jo hindI sAhityAkAza meM mArtaNDa kI bhA~ti jAjvalyamAna hai| ye ATha kavi the--kumbhanadAsa, sUradAsa, paramAnandadAsa, kRSNadAsa, govindasvAmI, chItasvAmI; caturbhujadAsa tathA nandadAsa inakI savistAra carcA hama hindI ke 'kRSNabhakta-kavi' zIrSaka meM kreNge| viTThalanAtha ke nidhana ke pazcAt yaha . sampradAya vibhinna zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA tathA chinna-bhinna hokara prabhAvahIna bana gyaa| . kRSNa bhakti paramparA meM "rAdhAvallabhI" sampradAya ke pravartaka gosvAmI hitaharivaMza bhI prasiddha hai| ye pahale mAdhva sampradAya ke anuyAyI the parantu eka bAra rAdhA ne inheM svapna meM eka mantra diyA aura isase preraNA pAkara inhoMne eka naye sampradAya kI sthApanA kii| isa sampradAya meM kRSNa kI apekSA rAdhA ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| inhoMne saMvat 1582 meM vRndAvana meM rAdhAvallabha kI yugalamUrti kI sthApanA kara vahIM viraktaM bhAva se rahane lge| isa prakAra apanI sAdhanA kA kendra vRndAvana hI bnaayaa| rAdhAvallabha sampradAya meM vidhi-niSedha kA tyAga tathA ananya hAsya milatA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se ise siddhAdvaita-sampradAya kahate haiN| isa sampradAya meM kaI bhakta kavi hue haiM, jinakA ullekha Age kiyA jaayegaa| - svAmI hitaharivaMza kI bhA~ti zrI haridAsI ko sakhI-sampradAya yA TaTTI sampradAya kA pravartaka mAnA jAtA hai| ye prasiddha gAyanAcArya the| inhoMne caitanyamata ke bahuta se siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| parantu, Age calakara inake sampradAya meM sakhI bhAva kI

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upAsanA kA mahattva bar3ha jAne se yaha sakhI sampradAya ke nAma se jAnA gyaa| ina logoM ne strI ko AtmasamarpaNa kA pratyakSa vigraha mAnakara hI sakhI bhAva kI upAsanA ko mahattva diyA hai| isa sampradAya kI mUla bhAvanA isa prakAra hai(1) satatakrIr3A-rata yugalamUrti kA dhyAna (2) sakhI bhAva se yugalamUrti kI upAsanA isa sampradAya ke anuyAyI dArzanika uhApoha meM na par3akara kevala madhurA-bhAva kI upAsanA meM hI AsthA rakhate the| haridAsa ke eka ziSya "bhagavata rasikaM" ne kahA hai . ki AcAraja lalitA sakhI, rasika hamArI chaap| nitya kizora upAsanA, yugala mantra ko jaap|| nA hI dvaitAdvaita hari, nA hI vishissttaadvait| bandhe nahIM matavAda meM, Izvara icchA dvait|| bAMsa kI jApharI (TaTiyA yA TaTTI) se ghirA hone ke kAraNa isa sampradAya kA nAma TaTTI sampradAya par3a gyaa| isakI bhAvI pariNiti bhI ghora zRMgArika bhAvanA ke rUpa meM huI hai| kRSNa-bhakti kA svarUpa : ___ kRSNa-bhakti-kAvya meM bhakti ko svataMtra rasa ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA hai| isa kAvya-paramparA meM bhakti ke cAra rUpa milate haiM :-1. sAMkhya bhakti 2. vAtsalya bhakti 3. madhurA bhakti tathA 4. zAntA bhkti| sAMkhya bhakti meM zrI kRSNa kI upAsanA sakhA bhAva se kI gaI hai| isameM gocArana, mAkhana corI Adi ke samaya gopI bAlakoM ke sAtha kI gaI zrI kRSNa lIlAoM kA varNana milatA hai| vAtsalya bhakti meM mAtA-pitA kA sneha, dulAra Adi kA vizada varNana milatA hai| isameM saMyogAvasthA evaM viyogAvasthA; donoM ke mArmika citra haiN| saMyoga meM bAla kRSNa kI lIlAoM ko dekhakara yazodA asIma Ananda kI anubhUti anubhava karatI hai, parantu jaba kRSNa mathurA cale jAte haiM, usa samaya nanda va yazodA zrI kRSNa ke viraha meM jala bina machalI kI bhA~ti tar3apate dikhAI dete haiN| aSTachApa ke kaviyoM ne mukhya rUpa se madhurA bhakti ko apanAyA hai| isameM ve apanA praNaya-nivedana gopiyoM ke mAdhyama se karate dRSTigocara hote haiN| isameM gopiyA~ tathA kRSNa ke saMyoga va viyoga manobhAvoM ke manorama citraNa haiN| zAntA bhakti meM mukhya rUpa se zAnta bhAva hai| satsaMga, upadeza, bhakti Adi uddIpana vibhAva hai| bhakta saMsAra kI moha-mAyA tyAga kara zAnta-cittAvasthA meM paramAnanda kI anubhUti kare, yahI zAntA bhakti mAnI gaI hai| kRSNa bhakti-kAvya meM prAyaH yaha rUpa kama dikhAyA gayA hai| sUra ke vinaya ke pada isI bhAva se otaprota haiN| .

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niSkarSa ke taura para bhakti ke ina cAroM prakAroM meM zrI kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM ne vizeSa rUpa se madhurA bhakti ko hI apanAyA hai| kRSNa bhakti paramparA kA lambA itihAsa rahA hai isake sambandha meM adholikhita uddharaNa avalokanIya hai___vedoM se jo bhakti-kalpavalli aMkurita huI, vahI Age calakara viSNu, nArAyaNa, vAsudeva kRSNa jaise vividha devakalpadrumoM kA Azraya pAkara sAtvata dharma, bhAgavata dharma, pAMcarAtra dharma, aikAntika bhakti, vaiSNava bhakti, puSTi sampradAya, caitanya sampradAya, rAdhAvallabhI sampradAya, haridAsI sampradAya jaisI bhakti-dhArAoM se abhisiMcita hokara rAmezvara se himAlaya evaM kaccha se asama taka khUba phUlI, phlii| isa bhakti ne vigata sahasra se bhI adhika varSoM se bhArata hI nahIM, varan sAre vizva ke aneka dezoM ke janamAnasa ko apanI asIma dhArAoM se saMtRpta evaM paripuSTa kara use parama AhlAdakArI evaM uttarottara abhivRddhimatI jijIviSA ke madhura jvAra se kRtakAma kara rakhA hai| ____ AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM kI tanmayatA aura niHspRhatA kI AlocanA karate hue likhA hai ki. "saba sampradAyoM ke kRSNa bhakta bhAgavata meM varNita bAlakRSNa kI bAla lIlA ko hI lekara cale kyoMki unhoMne apanI prema lakSaNA bhakti ke lie kRSNa kA madhura svarUpa hI paryApta smjhaa| mahattva kI bhAvanA se utpanna zraddhA yA pUjya-buddhi kA Azraya chor3a dene ke kAraNa kRSNa ke loka-rakSaka aura dharma-sthApaka svarUpa ko sAmane rakhane kI AvazyakatA unhoMne nahIM smjhii| unakI racanAoM meM na to jIvana ke aneka gambhIra pakSoM ke mArmika rUpa sphurita hue~ aura na anekarUpatA aaii||78 : AcArya zukla kA yaha AlocanAvAdI dRSTikoNa bahuta dinoM taka prabhAvita rahA evaM kucha aMzoM meM Aja bhI hai| zukla ne sAhitya kA ekamAtra hetu lokahita hI svIkAra kiyA hai| lekina kaI vidvAnoM ne kRSNa bhakti kI mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA kI hai kyoMki isa kAvya meM kRSNa bhaktoM ne mAnava-mana ko pariSkAra karane kI vyaMjanA paddhati apanAI hai| DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne kRSNa bhaktoM ke sAhitya kI isI mUla bhAvanA kI pahacAna kara; usakA mUlyAMkana karate hue likhA hai ki... "zrI kRSNa bhakti kA sAhitya manuSya kI sabase prabala bhUkha kA samAdhAna karatA hai| vaha manuSya ko bAhya-viSayoM kI Asakti se to alaga kara detA hai lekina use zuSka tattvavAdI aura premahIna kathanI kA upAsaka nahIM bnaataa| vaha manuSya kI sarasatA ko ubuddha karatA hai| usakI antarnihita anurAga-lAlasA ko UrdhvamukhI karatA hai aura use nirantara rasasikta banAtA hai| vaha apane bhakta ko jAgatika dvandva aura karttavyagata saMgharSa se haTAkara bhagavAn ke ananyagAmI prema kI zaraNa meM le jAtI hai| 179 -

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hindI ke kRSNa-bhakta kavi :___ hindI sAhitya meM kRSNa kAvyadhArA ko pravAhita karane kA sarvaprathama zreya maithilakokila vidyApati ko jAtA hai parantu vidyApati ke kRSNa-kAvya meM jo mAdhurya bhAva kI rasadhArA milatI hai, usa para gIta-govindakAra jayadeva kA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA ke anusAra kRSNa-kAvya kA sUtrapAta jayadeva se hI mAnanA caahie| lekina isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki jayadeva ke kRSNa-prema saMgIta ne hindI kRSNa kAvyadhArA ko preraNA pradAna kI aura usI ke sura meM sura milAkara maithila kokila vidyApati ne apane gItoM kA praNayana kiyaa| hindI sAhitya ke kSetra meM kRSNa kAvya ke prathama praNetA vidyApati hI hai| (1) vidyApati : hindI sAhitya meM kRSNa kAvya kA zrIgaNeza vidyApati se hI mAnA jAnA tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| inhoMne apanI "padAvalI" ko sarasatA se likhA, isase paNDita-samAja ne inheM abhinava-jayadeva, maithila-kokila, navakavi-zekhara Adi upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyaa| hindI jagata meM inheM asAdhAraNa lokapriyatA milii| ___inakA janma darabhaMgA ke visapI grAma meM eka brAhmaNa parivAra meM huaa| inake pitA zrI gaNapati ThAkura saMskRta ke vidvAna evaM rAjakavi the| ataH bacapana se hI unheM lekhana kI paramparA prApta huii| inakI racanAoM se prabhAvita hokara "tirehute" ke rAjaparivAra ne inakA khUba sammAna kiyaa| inake saMskRta va apabhraMza meM likhe granthoM ke uparAnta "padAvalI" suvikhyAta kRti hai| yaha maithilI-hindI kI racanA hai| bhaktoM dvArA gAye jAne ke kAraNa yaha racanA suvidhAnusAra parivartita rahI hai| inhoMne isameM rAdhAkRSNa ke zrRMgAra kA varNana kiyA hai| bAbU brajanandana tathA zyAmasundara inheM parama vaiSNava svIkAra karate haiM jabaki haraprasAda zAstrI, rAmacandra zukla jaise vidvAna inheM ghora zRMgArI kavi mAnate haiN| ___ nakha-zikha-saundarya, milana, AkAMkSA, kAma-keli aura pUrvAdhArita premalIlAoM kI viyoga kAla meM smRti Adi inakA mukhya varNya viSaya rahA hai| bhAva-varNana bar3A hI mArmika, praur3ha va sazakta bana gayA hai, jisameM hRdaya kI taralatA va gaharAI ke darzana hote haiN| vidyApati ke mAdhurya-bhAva kA paravartI kRSNa-kAla ke kaviyoM para atyadhika prabhAva par3A hai| aSTachApa kavi yA vallabha sampradAya ke pramukha kavi : hindI sAhitya ke kRSNa-kAvya paramparA meM aSTachApa ke kaviyoM kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai, jo vallabha sampradAya se sambandhita thaa| vallabhAcArya ke ziSya gosvAmI viThThalanAtha ne apane ziSya evaM vallabhAcArya ke ziSyoM meM se pramukha ATha kRSNa-bhaktoM ko samanvita kara aSTachApa kI racanA kii| ina kaviyoM kI bhakti kAvya racanAe~, bhagavAn ke prati tanmayatA Adi prasiddha rahI hai| ina kaviyoM meM sUradAsa, kumbhanadAsa, paramAnandadAsa, kRSNadAsa, nandadAsa,

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govinda svAmI, chItasvAmI tathA caturbhujadAsa mahattvapUrNa haiN| inhIM kaviyoM ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para prasaMgAnusAra saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| vaise inake jIvana caritra para aneka vidvAnoM ne zodhapUrvaka, savistAra prakAza DAlA hai parantu yahA~ saMkSipta rUpa se nirUpita karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| (1) sUradAsa : hindI kI kRSNa-bhakti-kAvya-paramparA meM sUradAsa kA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| inakA jIvanavRtta, unakI kRtiyA~ evaM bAhya-sAkSya bhaktamAlA (nAbhAdAsa), caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA (gokuladAsa), vallabhadivijaya (yadunAtha) tathA "nijavArtA" ke AdhAra para liyA gayA hai| inhoMne vallabhAcArya se ziSyatva grahaNa kiyA thaa| inakA mukhya viSaya kRSNa-bhakti thaa| zrImad bhAgavata purANa ko upajIvya mAnakara inhoMne rAdhAkRSNa kI lIlAoM kA varNana apanI kRtiyoM meM kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa kI bAla-lIlAoM kA sarvAdhika varNana ke uparAnta inake dainya ke pada bhI uccakoTi ke haiN| sUra kA bhAvacitraNa evaM vAtsalya-nirUpaNa advitIya hai| inakI racanA, pada-racanA hai| inhoMne apane kAvya meM sarvaprathama brajabhASA ko apanAkara gauravamaNDita kiyA hai| inakI bhakti puSTimArgI bhakti hai| inhoMne bhakti ke ekAdaza svarUpoM kA varNana kiyA hai| hama yahA~ mahAkavi sUra ke sambandha meM savistAra carcA nahIM kareMge kyoMki agale pariccheda meM inake vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kI savistAra samIkSA karanI hai| lekina sUradAsa vAtsalya-bhakti evaM zRMgAra ke advitIya kavi the| gosvAmI viThThalanAtha racita aSTachApa meM ve apanA pramukha sthAna rakhate the| (2) kumbhanadAsa : inakA jIvana kAla "caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA" ke anusAra I0saM0 1468 se 1583 taka mAnA jAtA hai| IsavI san 1492 meM inhoMne vallabhAcArya se dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| inakI koI svataMtra racanA upalabdha nahIM hotI, lekina inake kucha pada rAga-kalpadruma, rAga-ratnAkara, varSotsava, kIrtana-vasanta, dhamAra-kIrtana meM saMkalita milate haiN| vallabhAcArya ne zrInAthajI ke mandira meM prathama kIrtanakAra ke rUpa meM kumbhanadAsa ko niyukta kiyA thaa| ye nitya naye pada gAkara zrInAthajI kI sevA-arcanA karate the| Age calakara viThThalanAtha ne kumbhanadAsa va unake putra caturbhujadAsa donoM ko aSTachApa meM liyA thaa| kAMkarolI se prakAzita pustaka meM inake 401 pada saMgrahita haiN| kumbhanadAsa kI racanAoM meM sAhityika sauSThava utanA nahIM, jitanA saMgIta aura laya kA saundarya hai| inameM kavitva kI dRSTi se viziSTa maulikatA na hone para bhI inakI saMgItajJatA prasiddha rahI hai| inhoMne bAla-lIlA kI apekSA yugalalIlA ke padoM kA sarvAdhika gAna kiyA hai| isake sambandha meM eka ullekha draSTavya hai-"so kumbhanadAsa sagare kIrtana yugala svarUpa sambandhI kiijai| so badhAI palanA bAlalIlA gAI nhiiN| 82

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inake kizora lIlA ke padoM meM mAdhurya, dAna, mAna Adi zRMgArika lIlAoM kA citraNa milatA hai| inake sambandha meM prasiddha hai ki kuMbhana kRSNa giridhara so kInhI sAMcI priiti| karma dharma patha chAMDikai, gAI nija rasa riiti|| (3) paramAnandadAsa : sUradAsa kI bhA~ti paramAnandadAsa bhI uccakoTi ke bhakta kavi the| inakA janma saM0 1550 meM pharrukhAbAda ke kannauja nAmaka grAma meM eka brAhmaNa parivAra meM huA thaa| inameM bacapana se hI kavitA karane kI utkaTa icchA thii| ve harikIrtana gAne meM dakSa the| gRhasthAzrama meM praveza na karake inhoMne kIrtanakAra ke rUpa meM suyaza kI prApti kii| vallabhAcArya ne inheM dIkSita kara zrInAthajI ke mandira meM kIrtana karane kA dAyitva sauNpaa| ve vinamra evaM virakta kavi the| saMvat 1641 meM inakA dehAvasAna huaa| bAla evaM vAtsalya nirUpaNa meM aSTachApa ke kaviyoM meM sUra ke pazcAt inakA dvitIya sthAna hai| inake padoM meM zrRMgAra ke saMyoga evaM viyoga donoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa hai| inakI racanAoM meM dAnalIlA, uddhavalIlA, paramAnandasAgara, paramAnandadAsajI ke pada evaM vallabha sampradAyI kIrtana saMgraha ityAdi kRSNa viSayaka haiN| 3 ina sabameM paramAnandasAgara inakI prAmANika racanA mAnI jAtI hai| inhoMne kRSNa kI bAla lIlAoM kA marmasparzI varNana kiyA hai| sUkSmatA ke sAtha saralatA aura saccAI unakI khAsa vizeSatA hai| bAla svabhAva kI mArmika vyaMjanA dekhie agrAMkita pada meM tanaka-tanaka doharI dehairI maiyaa| tAta duhana sikhavana kahyo mohi dhorI gaiyaa|| hari viSayAsana baiThike mRdu kara dhara liinhoN| dhAra aTapaTI dekhike brajapati diinhoN| (paramAnandasAgara) inhoMne braja bhASA meM apanI pada racanA kI hai| citrAtmakatA, AlaMkArikatA evaM prAMjalatA inakI bhASA ke vizeSa guNa haiN| inakI racanAoM meM bAla-prabhAva, dAmpatya-bhAva evaM dAsa-bhAva kI ArAdhanA dRSTigocara hotI hai| (4) kRSNadAsa : AcArya vallabha ke ziSya evaM aSTachApa ke kavi kRSNadAsa kA janma saM0 1496 meM kher3A jile ke cilottarA grAma meM huA thaa| ye pATIdAra paTela the| pitA se vaimanasya hone ke kAraNa ve braja gaye the| vahA~ govardhana parvata para AcArya ne inako - -

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apanA ziSya banAyA thaa| inakI bhakti, kAryakSamatA evaM kuzAgra buddhi ke AdhAra para inako zrInAthajI mandira kA adhikArI banAyA gayA thaa| ve AjIvana avivAhita rhe| eka kiMvadanti ke anusAra I0saM0 1502 meM eka kuA~ banavAte samaya inakI mRtyu inake nimna grantha upalabdha hote haiM (1) jugalamAla caritra (2) bhramaragIta (3) premagIta nirUpaNa (4) bhaktamAla TIkA (5) vaiSNavavaMdana (6) vAni premarasa rAji (7) hiMDolA lIlA (8) dAna liilaa| inakA kavitva sAdhAraNa koTi kA hai parantu ye saMgIta ke marmajJa evaM sarasa gAyaka the| inhoMne braja bhASA meM apane padoM kI racanA kI hai| rAdhA-kRSNa ke yugala svarUpa kA nimna pada udAharaNArtha draSTavya hai rasika nI rAdhA rasa bhiinii| mohaka rasika giridharapiya, apane kaNThu mani kiinii|| rasamaya aMga-aMga rasa-rasamaya rasika rasikatA cinhiiN| ubhayasvarUpa kA rati nyauchAvari, "kRSNadAsa" ko diinii||8 (5) nandadAsa : - aSTachApa kaviyoM meM sUradAsa ke bAda nandadAsa kA sthAna pramukha hai| ye gosvAmI viThThalanAtha ke ziSya evaM Ayu meM sabase choTe the| inakA janma san 1533 meM rAjapurA meM huaa| ye sanADhya brAhmaNa the| ye tulasIdAsa ke cacere bhAI the| inhoMne bacapana se hI tulasI ke sAtha saMskRta kA acchA jJAna prApta kara liyA thaa| prArambha meM rAmabhakta, parantu bAda meM viThThalanAtha se puSTimArga meM dIkSita hue| aSTachApa ke anya bhakta kaviyoM kI bhA~ti inhoMne kIrtana ke sphuTa padoM kI racanA kI hai| sAtha meM inake kaI grantha bhI prasiddha haiN| - ye uccakoTi ke bhAvuka kavi the| inakI racanAoM meM sarasatA va madhuratA kI abhivyakti hai| "rAsa paMcAdhyAyI" kAvya saundarya kI dRSTi se sarvazreSTha racanA hai| isameM bhaktibhAva kI nyUnatA, parantu zRMgAra kA prAdhAnya hai| inakA bhramaragIta uttara grantha hai| isameM uddhava gopI saMvAda ke mAdhyama se jJAna para prema kI evaM nirguNa para saguNa kI vijaya dikhalAI hai| isameM gopiyoM kI hRdayasparzI viraha vedanA kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| ... nandadAsa kA svara bhakti kA rahate hue bhI uddAma zrRMgAra bhAva se otaprota rahA - hai| ye eka vidvAna, kAvyazAstra ke adhyetA evaM kuzala kavi the| inakI bhASA susaMskRta praur3hatA ko lie hue haiN| usake bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki-"ora kavi gar3hiyA, .nandadAsa jdd'iyaa"| - -

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(6) govinda svAmI : saMgItakalA ke marmajJa ke rUpa meM govinda svAmI kA vizeSa mahattva hai| akabara ke darabArI tAnasena bhI inakI gAyanakalA para mugdha the| inakA janma bharatapura ke AMtarI nAmaka grAma meM I0saM0 1505 meM huA thaa| eka putrI hone ke bAda inheM vairAgya utpanna ho gyaa| ataH gRhasthAzrama kA tyAga kara AMtarI grAma chor3akara braja meM cale gaye the| vahA~ gosvAmI viThThalanAtha se ziSyatva svIkAra kara inhoMne puSTimArga ke anurUpa hI zrI kRSNa kI bAlalIlA evaM prema lIlA kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| inake racita koI svataMtra grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA parantu govinda svAmI ke pada nAmaka grantha meM inake sphuTa padoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| inakI kAvya-racanA vizeSa ullekhanIya nahIM hai parantu isameM saMgIta, laya, svara Adi kA vizeSa jJAna milatA hai| ye rasanAyaka rasasvarUpa bhagavAn zrI kRSNa ke paraMma saMkIrtaka the| ve gopIvallabha rasarUpa kRSNa ko hI parabrahma mAnate the| (7) chIta svAmI : ___ inakA janma mathurA meM IsavI san 1515 meM eka susampanna caturvedI brAhmaNa parivAra meM huA thaa| prArambha meM ve bar3e uddaNDa aura akkhar3a svabhAva ke the| eka bAra viThThalanAtha kI camatkAritA ko dekha unhoMne unase dIkSA grahaNa kI, bAda meM ve govardhana parvata ke nikaTa "pU~charI" nAnaka sthAna meM rahane lge| inakI bhakti evaM tanmayatA ke AdhAra para inako aSTachApa meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| unheM brajapati evaM brajamaNDala se agAdha prema thaa| ye kRSNa ke ananya bhakta the| "ananta nAmAvalI" meM inake kRSNa ke prati pAvana prema hone ke kAraNa inake nAma kI mahimA batAI gaI hai rAmAnanda aMgada somU, harivyAsa aura chiit| eka eka ke nAma te, saba jaga hoya puniit|| "kahA jAtA hai ki viThThalanAtha ke avasAna ke samaya AghAta na sahana karane ke kAraNa IsavI san 1585 meM inhoMne apanA zarIra chor3a diyA thaa|89 inakI bhI koI svataMtra racanA nahIM hai parantu inake 200 sphUTa pada prApta ho sakata haiM, jo vividha kIrtana saMgrahoM meM saMgrahita hai| isa padoM meM inhoMne zrI kRSNa kI zRMgAra lIlAoM ke atirikta braja kI bhUmi aura raja kI prazaMsA kI hai| kAvya-kalA kI dRSTi se inakI kavitA sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| caturbhujadAsa : ye aSTachApa ke vayovRddha kavi kumbhanadAsa ke sAtaveM putra the| inake jIvana vRtta ke bAre meM "do sau vaiSNava kI vArtA" tathA "aSTasakhA kI vArtA" meM varNana milatA hai| tadanusAra inakA janma govardhana ke pAsa jamunAvatI gA~va meM IsavI san 1556 meM

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huA thaa| pitA ke AdezAnusAra dasa varSa kI avasthA meM inhoMne puSTimArga se dIkSA . grahaNa kI thii| pitA ke sAtha kIrtana sevA karane ke kAraNa alpa Ayu meM ye uttama rIti ke kAvya racanA karane lage the| ye Azu kavi the| ve jIvana paryanta ananya bhAva se zrInAthajI kI kIrtana sevA karate rhe| isI guNa ke kAraNa viThThalanAtha ne inheM kRpApAtra banAkara aSTachApa meM sthAna diyaa| IsavI san 1585 meM gosvAmI viThThalanAtha ke dehAvasAna ke hRdaya-vidAraka AghAta se inhoMne bhI apane deha kA tyAga kara goloka meM praveza kiyaa| inakI bhI koI svataMtra racanA nahIM hai| sphuTa padoM ke tIna saMgraha upalabdha hote haiM-(1) caturbhuja kIrtana saMgraha (2) kIrtanAvalI (3) daanliilaa| inake padoM meM zRMgAra rasa kA vizeSa nirUpaNa huA hai| kRSNa janma se lekara gopI viraha, brajalIlA taka kA gAna inakA kAvya-viSaya rahA hai| bAlalIlA varNana meM inakA yaha manovaijJAnikatA para AdhArita pada dekhie caTiyA terI baDI kiMdho merii| aho subala baiDhi bhaiyA ho, hama tuma mApe eka berii| le tinakA mApata unakI kaMchu apanI karata bdd'erii| lekara kamala dikhAvata gvAlana aisI kAhu na kerii|| mauM ko maiyA dUdha pibAvata tAte hota ghnerii| caturbhuja prabhu giridhara ihi Ananda nAcata de de pherii||1 rAdhAvallabha sampradAya ke kRSNa bhakta kavi : aSTachApa ke kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM ke pazcAt rAdhAvallabha sampradAya ke kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM kA bhI hindI sAhitya meM vizeSa mahattva hai| yaha sampradAya bhI kRSNa bhakti kA eka pramukha sampradAya mAnA jAtA hai| brahmasampradAya yA "mAdhvasampradAya" ke antargata isameM prema ko hI bhakti kA mUlAdhAra mAnA gayA hai| (1) gosvAmI hitaharivaMza :__AcArya zukla ke anusAra inakA janma saMvat 1559 meM mathurA ke pAsa "bAda" gA~va meM huA thaa| ye gaur3a brAhmaNa the| ye kRSNa ke ananya bhakta evaM gRhastha the| svapna meM eka bAra rAdhA kI preraNA se inhoMne eka navIna sampradAya (rAdhAvallabha sampradAya) kI sthApanA kI thii| ye vRndAvana meM rAdhA-kRSNa kI yugalamUrti kI sthApanA kara unake lIlAgAna meM lage rhe| ye saMskRta evaM hindI ke acche kavi the| rAdhAsudhAnidhi, yamunASTaka (saMskRta) tathA hita-caurAsI evaM sphuTavANI hindI kI racanAe~ haiN| inhoMne apane padoM meM pariSkRta brajabhASA ko apanAyA hai, jo sarasa evaM hRdaya-grAhiNI rahI hai| inakI bhASA meM saMgItAtmakatA, prAMjalatA, nAda-saundarya, citrAtmakatA evaM samIcIna varNa-vinyAsa ke ullekhanIya guNa upalabdha hote haiN| inakA eka pada draSTavya hai - - D

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.. . vipinaghana kuMjarati keli bhuja meliruci, syAma-syAmA mile sarada kI jaaminii| hRdaya ati phUla rasamUla piya nAgarI, kara nikaTa mata mana vividha guna raaginii|| saamnaa| dalita dala madana bala kokarasa kaamini| hita harivaMza suni lAla lAvanya bhiMde priyA ati sUra sukha surata sNgraaminii||12 (2) dAmodaradAsa : rAdhAvallabha sampradAya ke bhakta kaviyoM meM dAmodaradAsa kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| inake jIvana vRtta ke sambandha meM vizeSa sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| inakA grantha "sevakavANikA" dhArmika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha "hitacaurAsI" kI pUraka kRti mAnI jAtI hai| kahA gayA hai ki "caurAsI aru sevaka vANI, ika saMga likhita par3hata sukhdaanii|" yaha grantha unakI sahaja abhivyakti ke AdhAra para sampradAya kI mUla bhAvanA se ota-prota rahA hai| (3) harirAya vyAsa : - ye aurachA ke rahane vAle sanADhya brAhmaNa the| aurachA nareza "madhukarazAha" ke ye rAjaguru the| zaizava se hI inhoMne saMskRta kA acchA jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| pahale ye Asakta bhAva ke sadgRhastha the, parantu bAda meM virakta hokara sAdhu bana gye| inake grantha saMskRta aura hindI donoM bhASAoM meM milate haiN| hindI meM "vyAsavANI" tathA "rAgamAlA" inakI prasiddha kRtiyA~ rahI haiN| inake kAvya meM bhakti ke nirUpaNa ke uparAnta zrRMgAra rasa kA sarasa citraNa milatA hai| "vyAsavANI" meM mAdhurya-bhakti, rAdhAkRSNa kI bhI nikuMja lIlAoM kA bar3A hI manorama nirUpaNa milatA hai kuMja kelI mIThI hai viraha bhakti sIr3hI jyoM aag| vyAsa vilAsa rAsa rasa jIvata miTe hRdaya ke daag|| inake padoM meM ucca koTi kI saralatA prAMjalatA milatI hai| unhoMne zRMgAra evaM zAnta rasa ko apane kAvya kA mukhya hetu banAyA hai| inakI bhASA bhI bhAvAnukUla hai|3 caturbhujadAsa : inakA jIvana vRtta bhrAmaka rahA hai| kaI vidvAnoM ne aSTachApa ke caturbhujadAsa evaM rAdhAvallabhIya caturbhujadAsa ko eka mAna liyA hai| mizra-bandhuoM va "zuklaM" ke isa bhrama

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ko sarvaprathama "dInadayAla gupta" ne dUra kiyaa| inakA "dvAdaza-yaza" grantha prasiddha hai| jisameM bhakti ke mahattva ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| inake kucha phuTakara pada haiN| braja bhASA kA madhumAdhurya hI unakI racanA kA prANa hai| kAvya-kalA kI dRSTi se inakA mahattva nahIM hai| dhruvadAsa : hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa granthoM meM inakA jIvanavRtta prAmANika rUpa se nahIM milatA hai| janazrutiyoM evaM gosvAmI jatanalAla tathA cAcA vRndAvanadAsa dvArA ullekhita sAmagrI ke AdhAra para jIvanadRtta isa prakAra se hai| inakA janma I0saM0 1563 meM devavanda (sahAranapura) ke eka kAyastha parivAra meM huA thaa| ye zaizava se hI vaiSNava bhakti se ota-prota parivAra meM bar3e hue| I0saM0 1643 ke AsapAsa inakA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| inakI kRtiyoM meM inakA pramukha lakSya rAdhAvallabha sampradAya kA tAttvika vivecana prastuta karanA rahA hai| vyAkhyAparaka dRSTi se tattvabodha kA itanA vyApaka adyAvadhi se vivecana isa sampradAya ke kisI kavi ne nahIM kiyaa| viyogI hari ne brajamAdhurI meM inake cAlIsa granthoM kI sUcI dI hai parantu mizra bandhu vinoda meM inake bayAlIsa granthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| zrI kRSNa ke bhaMgAra varNana meM inhoMne viyoga kA tiraskAra kara saMyoga ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| ye saMbhoga ko hI prema kA paryAya mAnate haiN| inhoMne kavitta, savaiyA, kuNDaliyA~ Adi vividha chandoM kA prayoga kara geya-padoM kI racanA kI hai| (6) nehI nAgarIdAsa : nAgarIdAsa ke nAma se hindI sAhitya ke kaI bhakta kavi vikhyAta haiM parantu rAdhAvallabha sampradAya ke nAgarIdAsa ke "nehI" upAdhi hone ke kAraNa ve sabase alaga ho jAte haiN| ye rAdhA ke ananya bhakta kavi the| bhagavata mukti kRta "ananya rasikamAla" meM ina ko paMvAra kSatriya kulodbhava tathA bairaichA gA~va (buMdelakhaMDa) kA nivAsI batAyA gayA hai| bacapana se hI inakI ruci bhakti meM thii| caturbhujadAsa ke milane para inhoMne ghara-bAra chor3a vRndAvana ko prasthAna kiyA tathA vahA~ "gosvAmI vanacandra" se dIkSA lii| . rAdhASTaka siddhAnta, dohAvalI, padAvalI tathA rasapadAvalI-ye inake cAra grantha mAne jAte haiN| ina racanAoM meM bhakti tathA zrRMgAra kA hI prAdhAnya rahA hai| inakA kAvya-guNa sAdhAraNa koTi kA hai| (7) kalyANa pujArI :... inake jIvanavRtta ke bAre meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai parantu inake 200 muktaka milate haiN| inhoMne apane muktakoM meM praNaya bhakti Adi bhAvanAoM kI vyaMjanA D -

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utkRSTa kAvyAtmaka rUpa se kI hai| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se isa sampradAya meM inako zreSTha kavi mAnA jAtA hai|95 (8) cAcA vRndAvana dAsa : . rAdhAvallabha sampradAya meM granthoM kI dRSTi se cAcA vRndAvana dAsa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| DaoN. vijayendra snAtaka ke anusAra inake likhe 158 choTe-bar3e grantha milate haiN| inakA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa grantha "lAr3asAgara" hai jisameM rAdhA-kRSNa kI vibhinna lIlAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| inakA kavitva sAdhAraNa koTi kA hai| ina kaviyoM ke atirikta isa sampradAya ke saikar3oM kRSNa-bhakta kavi hue haiM parantu sAhityika dRSTi se unakA koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| ataH unako ullekhanIya nahIM jAna jAtA hai| sakhI sampradAya ke kRSNa-bhakta kavi : madhyakAlIna kRSNa-bhakta sampradAyoM meM sakhI sampradAya kA nAma bhI bar3e Adara ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| sampradAya kA saMkSipta ullekha pichale pRSThoM meM kiyA gayA hai| isa sampradAya ko TaTTI sampradAya ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isa sampradAya meM kaI mahattvapUrNa kRSNa-bhakta kavi hue haiM, jinakA ullekha karanA nyAya saMgata hogaa| (1) svAmI haridAsa : inheM isa sampradAya kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| inakA janma I0sa0 1468 meM vRndAvana ke nikaTa rAjapura nAmaka grAma meM huA thaa| ye mahAn saMgItajJa the| usa samaya ke prasiddha gAyaka "baijubAvarA" ke ye guru the| tAnasena jaise mahAn saMgItajJa bhI inakA saMgIta sunane AyA karate the| ye bA~ke-bihArIjI ke upAsaka the tathA rasamArga ke rAhI the| inakI racanAoM meM siddhAnta ke pada, kelimAla haridAsa ke pada, haridAsa kI bAnI, haridAsajI ke grantha Adi prasiddha haiN| inhoMne thor3A likhakara bhI amara khyAti kI prApti kI hai| Apane zrI kRSNa kI mRdu lIlAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| inakI kalpanA svAbhAvika evaM sahaja hai| bhASA bolacAla ke nikaTa tathA bhAvAnukUla hai| (2) jagannAtha gosvAmI : ye svAmI haridAsa ke choTe bhAI the| svAmI haridAsa ke vRndAvana-nivAsa ke kucha samaya pazcAt jagannAtha gosvAmI bhI vRndAvana aaye| svAmIjI ne inheM "zrIbA~kebihArI" kI pUjA-arcanA kA kAma sauNpaa| inakA kRSNa bhakti viSayaka "ananya sevAvidhi" nAmaka grantha hai| inake sphuTa pada aneka kIrtana saMgrahoM meM sammilita haiN| -

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(3) viTThala vipula : eka mAnyatAnusAra ye zrIsvAmIjI ke choTe bhAI the parantu nijamata-siddhAnta meM inheM haridAsa ke cacere bhAI svIkArA hai| bhaktamAla ke TIkAkAra priyAdAsa ke anusAra inakI guru-bhakti apUrva thii| haridAsa ke golokavAsa se vyathita hokara inhoMne apanI A~khoM para paTTI bA~dha dI thI parantu rasikoM dvArA rAsa-lIlA dekhane-bulAne para rAsalIlA meM guru ko na dekhakara inhoMne apane prANa tyAga diye| inake 40 pada hI prApta haiM lekina nAbhAdAsa ne inako rasarAja kI upAdhi pradAna kI hai| inakI bhASA sajIva hai evaM alaMkAra svataH udbhUta hai| (4) bihArinadAsa : ye sakhI sampradAya ke zreSTha kavi mAne jAte haiN| inhoMne apane sampradAya ke siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| inheM isa sampradAya kA guru bhI mAnA jAtA hai| inake mUla nAma kI jAnakArI nahIM hai parantu bihArinadAsa nAma svAmI gosvAmI ne diyA thaa| ye rAdhAkRSNa kI upAsanA meM DUbe rahate the evaM sampUrNa rUpa se aparigrahI banakara jIvana-yApana karate the| ye vipula viThThala ke ziSya the| inakI "bihArinadAsa kI jIvanI" nAmaka kRti prasiddha hai| isa grantha kA eka bhAga sAdhAraNa koTi kA hai tathA dUsarA bhAga rasa-siddhAnta hai| sAdhAraNa siddhAnta meM bhakta kI mahattA tathA rasa-siddhAnta meM sakhI bhAva kI upAsanA ke tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| inakI bhASA tatsama pradhAna parantu vinyAsa kI dRSTi se nirAlI hai| (5) nAgarIdAsa :- 'sakhI sampradAya ke eka bhakta ke rUpa meM nAgarIdAsa kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| ye * bihArinadAsa ke pramukha ziSya the| nijamata siddhAnta ke anusAra ye kAmarUpa ke maMtrI kamalApati ke putra the lekina yaha pUrNa vizvasanIya nahIM hai| "dhruvadAsa' ne inakI mahattA meM nimna - dohA kahA thA- . kaho-kaho mRdula subhASa, ati sarasa naagridaas| .. . bihAri vihArina ko suyaza, gAyo harakhi hulaas|| inakI 20 sAkhiyA~, 24 caubIle, 39 kavitta-savaiye tathA 60 pada prApta haiN| inakI zailI '. para haridAsa ke padoM kI spaSTa chApa hai| (6) sarasIdAsa :.. ye nAgarIdAsa ke choTe bhAI the| bihArinadAsajI kI gaddI ke adhikArI ye hI bane the| inakI racanA 66 chandoM meM milatI hai, jo aSTAcAryoM kI vANI meM saMgrahita hai| inakA . eka uddharaNa draSTavya hai

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gore tana meM prANa bimbita, phUla bInata lAla bihaarii| jaba-jaba hAtha na parata tabahI, ha~sI jAta pyaarii||. inakI kAvya-kalA sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| gaur3Iya sampradAya ke kRSNa-bhakta kavi : isa sampradAya ke pravartaka mahAprabhu caitanya the| inakA dArzanika siddhAnta "acintya bhedA-bheda" kahalAtA hai| hama inake dArzanika siddhAntoM kI carcA na kara isa sampradAya ke pramukha kRSNa-bhakta-kaviyoM kA ullekha kreNge| (1) rAmarAya : inakA ullekha "bhaktamAla" tathA "do sau vaiSNava vArtA" donoM meM milatA hai| ye gosvAmI viThThalanAtha ke ziSya the| inake pada, kIrtana saMgrahoM meM zrI bhagavAn hita rAmarAya kI chApa se pracura mAtrA meM milate haiN| aneka padoM meM mAtra rAmarAya kI chApa hai| inakA janma lAhaura meM huA thaa| bAda meM ve AzudharajI ke sAtha braja meM aaye| vahA~ se caitanya prabhu ke darzana karane hetu jagannAthapurI gye| tad uparAnta zrI viThThalanAtha se dIkSA prApta kara braja meM hI kRSNa bhakti kA pracAra-prasAra karate rhe| inakI prasiddha kRti "AdivANI" hai| isameM zrI rAdhA-kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA sumadhura gAna kiyA hai| : (2) sUradAsa madanamohana :___ ye akabara ke samaya meM saMDIle ke amIna the| ye jAti se brAhmaNa tathA gaur3Iya sampradAya ke vaiSNava the|6 kahate haiM; ye bahuta dAnI the| apanA-parAyA saba kucha sAdhusantoM ko dAna kara dete the| bhaktamAla meM bhI inakI mukta-kaMTha se prazaMsA kI gaI hai| ye sanAtana gosvAmI ke ziSya the| inakA mUla nAma sUradAsa thA lekina upAsyadeva madanamohana hone ke kAraNa sUradAsa madanamohana ke nAma se zrI kRSNa kI aTalatA judd'aaii| inakI koI prAmANika racanA nahIM milatI parantu bAbA kRSNadAsa ne suhRdvANI meM inake 150 padoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| inake padoM meM zrRMgAra va vAtsalya bhAva bharA par3A hai| inakI kavitA bhAvapUrNa evaM utkRSTa koTi kI hai| (3) gadAdhara : ye dakSiNI brAhmaNa the| kahA jAtA hai ki ye caitanya mahAprabhu ko bhAgavata sunAyA karate the| AcArya zukla ne inakA racanAkAla saMvat 1580 se 1600 ke bIca mAnA hai| ye saMskRta evaM hindI ke prakANDa paNDita the| nAbhAdAsa ne inheM suhRd, suzIla, vacanapratipAlaka, ananya bhajanI, bhakta-senI evaM advitIyatA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| inakA grantha "AdivANI" tathA "yugala-zataka" donoM nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| isameM rAdhA-kRSNa kI yugala mUrti kI upAsanA vidhi kA sundara aMkana kiyA. hai| ye anubhUti

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tathA abhivyaMjanA donoM kI dRSTi se hindI ke bhaktikAlIna kaviyoM meM uccasthAna prApta karane ke adhikArI haiN| (4) candra gopAla :___ye rAmarAyajI ke anuja evaM unase bAraha varSa choTe the| rAmarAya ke vRndAvana meM basane ke bAda ye bhI unake sAnnidhya meM aaye| inhoMne caitanya mArga kA avalambana liyaa| inakI racanAe~ saMskRta evaM brajabhASA donoM meM milatI hai| saMskRta meM zrI rAdhAmAdhavamAlA, gAyatrImAlA, zrIrAdhAmAdhavASTaka tathA brajabhASA meM canu-caurAsI, aSTayAma, sevAsudhA, gaurAMga, aSTAyanaRtuvihAra tathA rAdhA-vihAra Adi kRtiyA~ prasiddha haiN| ina granthoM meM inhoMne zrI rAdhA-kRSNa kI mAdhurya lIlA kA sumadhura varNana kiyA hai| (5) bhagavAnadAsa : "do sau vaiSNava kI vArtA" ke anusAra ye AgarA ke sUbedAra ke dIvAna the tathA caitanya sampradAya ke kinhIM govindadeva ke sevaka the| inake kucha padoM kA saMgraha rAmarAyajI ke padoM ke sAtha milatA hai| inhoMne apanI racanAoM ko zraddhApUrvaka guru ke nAma kara diyA hai| inake padoM meM jo bhagavAn hita rAmarAya kI chApa hai, usase uparyukta maMtavya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| inake lagabhaga 100 pada upalabdha hote haiN| inakA kAvya utkRSTa koTi kA hai . parantu kahIM-kahIM zithilatA bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| (6) mAdhavadAsa mAdhurI : ye bhI caitanya sampradAya ke bhakta kavi the| inhoMne apane granthoM meM mahAprabhu caitanya kI vaMdanA kI hai| inakI racanAoM meM kelimAdhurI, baMsIvara mAdhurI, vRndAvana mAdhurI prasiddha hai| inakA racanA kAla 1618 se 1656 I0 taka mAnA jAtA hai| inakI bhASA lAlityapUrNa, sahaja evaM sarala hai| unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM dohA, caupAI, kavitta, savaiyA, soraThA ityAdi vividha chandoM kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| (7) bhagavata mudita :.. ye bhaktavara mAdhavamudita ke putra evaM AgarA ke dIvAna ke sUbedAra the| zrI dhruvadAsa ke sAkSya ke anusAra inakA kavi honA siddha hai, parantu inakI koI racanA nahIM milatI hai| "vRndAvana zataka" meM inhoMne svayaM ko gaur3Iya sampradAya ke haridAsa kA ziSya batAyA hai| inakI eka racanA "rasika-ananyamAla" bhI milatI hai| kaI vidvAn "hita-caritra" tathA "sevaka-caritra" bhI inakI racanAe~ mAnate haiM parantu hindI sAhitya ke adhikAMza itihAsakAroM ne ye grantha inake dvArA likhe nahIM mAne haiN| inakI bhASA braja hai tathA kAvyakalA sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| uparyukta prakAra se gaur3Iya sampradAya ke ye prasiddha kavi the| inake alAvA bhI kaI kaviyoM, bhaktoM ke nAma milate haiM parantu una saba kA yahA~ varNana karanA anupayukta hogaa|

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sampradAya-nirapekSa kRSNa-bhakta-kavi : bhaktikAla meM vibhinna sampradAyoM se jur3e bhakta kaviyoM ke alAvA kaI sampradAyanirapekSa kRSNabhakta kavi hue haiN| ina kaviyoM kA mahattva bhI apane Apa meM anUThA hai| . inameM mIrA~, rasakhAna Adi kavi vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| mIrA~ : kRSNa ko ArAdhya mAnakara kAvya racane vAle bhakta kaviyoM meM marudhara-mandAkinI mIrA~ kA sthAna sarvocca hai| mIrA~ rAva dUdAjI kI pautrI evaM rAva ratnasiMha kI putrI thii| inakA janma mer3atA ke samIpa "kur3akI" gA~va meM huA thaa| bacapana meM.hI inake mAtApitA kA dehAvasAna ho gayA thaa| isa para rAva dUdAjI ne mer3atA meM bar3e lAr3a ke sAtha inakA lAlana-pAlana kiyaa| bar3I hone para mIrA~ kA vivAha udayapura ke mahArANA-kumAra bhojarAja ke sAtha huaa| sAta varSa pazcAt inakA bhI dehAnta ho gyaa| isase mIrA~, jise bacapana se hI bhakti kA raMga car3hA thA, virakta ho gii| mIrA~ ke devara vikramAditya ne mIrA~ ko aneka yAtanAe~ dI, isase mIrA~ mevAr3a ko chor3akara mer3atA rhii| taduparAnta tIrthasthAnoM kA paryaTana karatI huI vRndAvana phuNcii| vahA~ se vaha dvArikA AI evaM jIvana ke aMtima kAla saM0 1603 taka zrI raNachor3ajI kI bhakti meM lIna rhii|9 aisI janazruti hai ki mIrA~ ne gRhatyAga se pUrva nimna pada likhakara gosvAmI tulasIdAsa se sammati mAMgI thI : svasti zrItulasI kula bhUSaNa, dUSaNa haraNa gosaaii| bArahi bAra praNAma karahu~, aba harahu soka smudaaii|| isa para tulasI ne ukta pada kA uttara vinayapatrikA ke nimna pada ko likhakara bhejA thA : jAke priya na rAma vaidehii| tajiye tohi koTi vairI sama yadyapi parama snehii| mIrA~ dvArA racita cAra grantha mAne jAte haiM (1) narasiMha kA mAyarA (2) gIta govinda TIkA (3) rAga govinda (4) rAga soraTha ke pd|00 mIrA~ ke padoM kA saMkalana "mIrA~bAI kI padAvalI" nAmaka grantha meM huA hai| mIrA~ bhI bhakti mAdhurya-bhAva se ota-prota thii| vaha zrI kRSNa ko apane pati ke rUpa meM mAnatI thii| vaha zrI kRSNa ke rUpa mAdhurya kI dIvAnI thii| baso mere nainana meM nndlaal| mohanI mUrati sA~valI sUratI nainA bena bisaal| mIroM ne raidAsa ko apanA guru svIkAra kiyA thaa| inake pada kahIM rAjasthAnI mizrita bhASA

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meM milate haiM to kahIM zuddha sAhityika braja bhASA meN| mIroM ke samasta pada geya bhASA meM haiN| inheM vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM meM gAyA jA sakatA hai| mIrA~ ke padoM meM zRMgAra va zAnta rasa kA sundara prayoga huA hai| mIrA~ kA vipralambha zrRMgAra utkRSTa koTi kA hai, vaha atyadhika mArmika va tIvra bana gayA hai| virahanI bAvarI sI bhii| uMcI-car3hI apane bhavana meM herata hAya dii| mIrA~ zrI kRSNa ke ananya prema meM pAgala thii| aisI tanmayatA anyatra durlabha hai| rasakhAna : rasakhAna, jaisA ki inake nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki ye bhakti-rUpI rasa kI khAna the| ye dillI ke rahane vAle paThAna the| inhoMne govardhana-dhAma jAkara gosvAmI viThThalanAtha se dIkSA lI thii| inake jIvana-vRtta ke sambandha meM kucha nizcita nahIM hai| ye sampradAya bandhana se mukta zrI kRSNa ke bhArI bhakta the| 'do sau vaiSNavana' kI vArtA meM inakA eka baniye ke lar3ake para Asakta honA likhA hai| dUsare meM yaha bhI pAyA jAtA hai ki jisa strI para ye Asakta the, vaha bahuta mAnavatI thI tathA vaha inakA nirAdara kiyA karatI thii| kahate haiM ki eka dina bhAgavata par3hane para socA ki prema to kRSNa se hI karanA caahie| "prema vATikA" meM isa dohe kA saMketa isI ora batAyA jAtA hai : torI mAninI te hiyA, korI mohinI maan| ... prema deva kI chabihi lakhi, bhae miyA~ rskhaan| inakI nimna racanAe~ milatI haiM-(1) prema vATikA (2) sujAna rasakhAna (3) dAnalIlA tathA (4) assttyaam| ... . inhoMne apanI racanAoM meM dohA, kavitta, savaiyA tathA sAraThA ityAdi chandoM kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai| inakI bhASA bar3I hI sarasa tathA ADambarahIna hai| inakA kavitAkAla saMvat 1640 ke bAda mAnA jAtA hai| inake savaiye hindI sAhitya meM atyanta prasiddha haiN| bhAratendu ne rasakhAna ke kAvya se prabhAvita hokara yaha paMkti ThIka hI kahI thI ki. . ina musalamAna harijanana pai, koTi hindU vaarie| inake sarasa kAvya kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai mora paMkhA sira upara rAkhihoM gUMjakI mAla gare phiroNgii| or3hi pitAmbara le lakuTi vana godhana gvAlana saMga phiroNgii| bhAva to sohI more rasakhAna so, tere kahi saba svAMga kroNgii| yA muralI muralIdhara kI, adharAna dharI, adharA na dhroNgii||01 (sujAna rasakhAna-se)

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rasakhAna ne zrI kRSNa ko Alambana banA kara zrRMgAra rasa kA pramukha rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA hai| inake atyanta hI svAbhAvika citraNa milate haiN| mAdhurya evaM prasAda guNoM se inakA kAvya atyanta sarasa bana gayA hai| vibhinna lAkSaNika prayogoM ke kAraNa kAvya meM cuTIlApana A gayA hai| bhaktikAla ke vibhinna sampradAya se sambandhita evaM sampradAya nirapekSa kRSNopAsaka bhakta-kaviyoM kI paramparA aba yahIM samApta kI jAtI hai| para isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM ki aise bhakta kavi aura nahIM the| aise aneka bhakta kavi hue haiM, jinakI racanAoM meM prema-mAdhurya kA sudhA-srota bahA hai, parantu una saba kA ullekha yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai| . rItikAla meM kRSNa kAvya : __ bhaktikAla meM jisa kRSNa bhakti kAvyadhArA kA udbhava aura vikAsa huA, vaha zRMgArakAla yA rItikAla meM calatI rhii| isa samaya aneka sampradAyoM ke antargata kRSNa kAvya kI racanAe~ hotI rahI parantu ina sampradAyoM ke kaviyoM ne tatkAlIna rIti-nIti ke anusAra rAdhAkRSNa kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| inake kAvya para tayugIna paristhitiyoM kA gaharA prabhAva par3A hai| ___ isI kAraNa bhaktikAlIna AdhyAtmikatA, bhautikatA kA rUpa le baiThI tathA sUkSmatA ke sthAna para sthUlatA evaM nagnatA aaii| isa yuga meM mAdhurya-bhAva kI bhakti kRSNa aura rAdhA ke nAmoM kI Ar3a meM mAnavI zrRMgAra meM parivartita hokara pravAhita hone lgii| DaoN0 nagendra ke matAnusAra "jIvana kI atizaya rasikatA se ghabarAne vAle dharmabhIru rIti kaviyoM ko rAdhA-kRSNa kA anurAga AzvAsana detA hai| sUradAsa jaise bhakta kaviyoM ne kRSNa-bhakti ke jisa vizAla paTa ko apane hRdaya kI zuddha-bhakti ke rasa se sIMcA thaa| aba use anadhikArI pAtra malina hRdaya kI kaluSita kAma-bhAvanA ke paMkila jala se sIMcane lge| unhoMne rAdhA-kRSNa ko bhakti kA Alambana na mAnakara bAhya vilAsa ke nirUpaNa meM lokapriya nAyaka-nAyikA ke rUpa meM cinina kiyA hai|" Age ke sukavi rIjhe haiM to kvitaaii| na tu rAdhikA kanhAI sumirana ko bahAno hai| isa kAla ke kaviyoM ne kRSNa bhakti ke sambandha meM do prakAra ke kAvyoM kI sRSTi kI hai--prabandhAtmaka evaM muktk| ina donoM prakAroM ke kAvyoM meM mUlataH zRMgAra bhAvanA hI hai jo rAdhA-kRSNa ke AvaraNa meM AvRtta hai| isa kAla ke aneka kavi bhaktikAlIna kRSNa-paramparA meM Ate haiM, jinhoMne vizuddha rUpa se zrI kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| paMDita rAmacandra zukla ne ina kaviyoM ke bAre meM likhA hai ki "yadi isa kAla ke saba granthoM kA acchA sampAdana tathA prakAzana kiyA jAe to saMbhAvanA hai ki bhaktikAla se bhI adhika aura mahattva meM bhaktikAla kI kavitA ke samAna bhakti kI aura kavitA prakAza meM A sakatI hai|"102

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prabandhAtmaka kRSNa kAvya : yahA~ hama rItikAla ke aise kaviyoM kA ullekha kareMge jinhoMne sahI rUpa se zrI kRSNa ke lIlAmRta ko prabandha-kAvya-kRtiyoM meM nirUpita kiyA hai| isa kAla ke kAvya ke racayitAoM meM gumAna mizra, brajavAsIdAsa, maMcita Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| (1) gumAna mizra : ye mahobe ke rahane vAle evaM gopAla-maNi ke putra the| ye vallabha sampradAya ke anuyAyI tathA vRndAvana nivAsI the| inhoMne harSa kRta "naiSadha caritra" kA padyAnuvAda evaM zrI kRSNacandrikA tathA chaMdAvarI nAmaka grantha likhe| zrI kRSNa candrikA, jisakA nirmANakAla saM0 1838 hai, eka prabandha kAvya hai| isameM inhoMne zrI kRSNa ke caritra kA sumadhura varNana kiyA hai| ye uttama koTi ke kavi the| inakA eka pada draSTavya hai- . durjana kI hAni, viradhA panoI karai pIra, gunalopa hota eka motina ke haarkii| TUThe mAnimAlai niraguna gAyatAla likhai, pothina hI aMka mana kalaha vicAra hii|| (2) brajavAsIdAsa :- ye vRndAvana nivAsI vallabha sampradAya ke anuyAyI the| inhoMne sUrasAgara ke kathAnaka ke AdhAra para dohoM, soraThoM tathA caupAiyoM meM "brajabilAsa" nAmaka prabandha kAvya likhaa| yaha racanA IsavI san 1660 kI mAnI jAtI hai| yaha grantha sAdhAraNa koTi kA hai| inhoMne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai ki- "yAme kachuka buddhi nahIM merI, ukti yukti saba sUra hi kerI" ___yaha braja bhASA meM likhA kAvya grantha hai| isameM zrI kRSNa kA janma se lekara mathurAgamana taka bhinna-bhinna lIlAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhASA sIdhI-sAdI suvyavasthita tathA calatI huI hai| (3) maMcita : ye maU (buMdelakhaMDa) ke rahane vAle brAhmaNa the| inhoMne kRSNa-caritra sambandhI do . pustakeM likhI haiN| "surabhI dAna-lIlA" tathA "kRssnnaayn"| surabhI dAna-lIlA meM bAla lIlA, yamalArjunalIlA, dAnalIlA kA vistRta varNana hai| kRSNAyana tulasIdAsa ke anukaraNa para dohoM, caupAiyoM meM likhA prabandha kAvya hai| isameM kavi ne kRSNa-caritra kA varNana kiyA hai| isakI bhASA braja hai jo anuprAsayukta evaM sAragarbhita hai| .. inhoMne apanI kRti surabhI-dAnalIlA meM zrI kRSNa ke nakha-zikha saundarya kA varNana kiyA hai, jo draSTavya hai

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bhrakuTi baMka naina khaMjana se, kaMjana gaMjana vaare| gada bhaMjana khaga mIna sadA, je manaraMjana aniyaare|| muktaka zailI meM racita kRSNa kAvya : rItikAla ke adhikAMza kaviyoM ne muktaka zailI meM apane kAvya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| prabandha kAvya kI apekSA ina kaviyoM dvArA racita muktaka kAvya bhAva evaM abhivyaMjanA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isa yuga meM bhakti bhAva se prerita kRSNa-kAvya kI pramukha racanAe~ huI haiN| muktaka paddhati ko apanAne vAle kRSNa-bhakta-kaviyoM meM rUparasika deva, nAgarIdAsa, alabelI, cAcA vRndAvanadAsa evaM bhagavata rasika ullekhanIya haiN| inake alAvA bhI aneka kRSNa-bhakta-kaviyoM ne isa kAvya dhArA kA vikAsa kiyA hai| .... (1) rUparasikadeva : ye nimbArka sampradAyI bhakta kavi harivyAsa ke ziSya the| inhoMne harivyAsa ke golokadhAma gamana ke bAda unakA ziSyatva grahaNa kiyaa| ataH inheM guru-darzana nahIM hue| inake jIvana-vRtta ke sambandha meM nizcita jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| inakA racanAkAla aThAharavIM sadI ke pUrvArddha meM thaa| inakI cAra kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM(1) lIlA viMzati (nimbArka sampradAya ke rasopAsanA siddhAnta kA paricAyaka rUpa) (2) harivyAsa yazAmRta (guru kA stutijJAna) . ' (3) nitya-vihArI padAvalI (rAdhA-kRSNa kI rasa-lIlAoM kA varNana) . (4) vRddhotsava maNimAla (varSa bhara ke utsavoM kA varNana va rAdhA-kRSNa kA bhaktibhAva) isa prakAra rUparasika deva eka kRSNa kavi the, jinhoMne brajabhASA meM apanI kRtiyoM kI racanAkara zrI kRSNa ke ananya prema ko nirUpita kiyaa| (2) nAgarIdAsa : yadyapi isa nAma ke kaI bhakta kavi ho gaye haiM, parantu ina saba meM kRSNagar3ha ke rAjA zrI sAvantasiMha hI nAgarIdAsa ke rUpa meM adhika priya haiN| inakA janma san 1599 meM huA thaa| gRha-kalaha ke kAraNa gRha chor3akara ye rAdhA ke bhakta bana gaye tathA vRndAvana meM hI rahane lge| inhoMne kalaha ke bAre meM likhA hai ki jahA~ kalaha tahA~ sukha nahIM, kalaha dukhana kI suul| saba kalaha ika rAja meM, rAja kalaha ko muul|| inakA kavitA kAla I0saM0 1623 se 1662 mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya zukla ke anusAra inakI likhI choTI-moTI 63 pustakeM saMgrahita haiN|03 isameM jugalarasa mAdhurI, priyA janmotsava kavitA, phAga vilAsa, rAsarasalatA, Izacayana, kRSNajanmotsava, govardhanadhAraNa - D

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ke kavitta Adi prasiddha racanAe~ haiN| ina pustakoM meM bhAvoM kI sundara vyaMjanA milatI hai| ye saba geya padoM meM kavitta, savaiyA, rolA Adi chandoM meM racita hai| inakI bhASA sarala hai| ye sakhI sampradAya se sambandhita kRSNa bhakta kavi the, jinhoMne kRSNa bhakti kI muktaka racanAe~ kara apane ko amara kara diyaa| (3) alabelI alI : ye viSNu svAmI sampradAya ke mahAtmA zrI vaMzIalI ke prasiddha ziSya the| ye rAdhA ke upAsaka the| inakA jIvana-vRtta nahIM milatA hai| inakA kavitA kAla vikrama kI 18vIM zatAbdI kA aMtima bhAga mAnA jAtA hai| ye braja bhASA evaM saMskRta ke paMDita the| inakI kavitA pariSkRta evaM prAMjala rUpa meM milatI hai tathA pada bar3e hI utkRSTa evaM sarasa haiN| inakI AnuprAsika chaTA sarasa zabdAvalI se manohAriNI bana par3I hai| zrI stotra tathA samaya-prabandha-padAvalI inakI racanAe~ haiN| inameM kuMja-bihArI rAsalIlA kA sumadhura varNana huA hai| eka pada dekhie sarada raina sukha dena mainamaya jamunAtIra suhaayo| sakala kalA pUrana sasi sItala mahimaMDala para aayo|| atizaya sarasa sugaMdha maMdagati bahata pavana rucikaarii| nava-nava rUpa navala nava jovana bane navala priya pyaarii|| (3) cAcA hitavRndAvanadAsa : ye puSkara kSetra ke rahane vAle gauDa brAhmaNa the, jinakA janma IsavI san 1608 meM huA thaa| ye rAdhAvallabhIya sampradAya ke bhakta the| phalasvarUpa inhoMne brajavAsI kRSNa ke * sAtha rAdhikA ke prati bhI dAsyabhAva rakhA hai| "jaise sUradAsa ke savAlAkha pada banAne kI janazruti hai, usI prakAra inake bhI eka lAkha pada aura chanda banAne kI bAta prasiddha hai| isameM se 20,000 ke lagabhaga to pada mile haiN|"104 ye rAdhA ke bhakta hone ke kAraNa inhoMne rAdhA ko svataMtra vihAra karane vAlI parAzakti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| rAdhA paramaizvaryavatI aura zobhA-zAlinI hai tathA aSTa siddhiyA~ va nava nidhiyA~ bhI unakI Tahala karatI haiN| brajacandra kA mahattva bhI brajezvarI rAdhA kI kRpA se hI hai| inakI racanAoM meM lAr3asAgara, brajapremAnanda sAgara, jugalasnehapatrikA, kRpA abhilASA belI, bhramaragIta Adi prasiddha haiN| inakA bhASA ke Upara adbhuta adhikAra thaa| inake kAvya meM praur3hatA dRSTigocara hotI hai jisameM sajIvatA tathA svAbhAvikatA aura madhuratA hai| (4) bhagavata rasika : ye TaTTI sampradAya ke mahAtmA svAmI lalitamohanadAsa ke ziSya the| ye nirlipta bhAva se bhagavad bhajana meM lage rahate the| inakA janma saM0 1695 ke lagabhaga huA thA -

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inakA racanAkAla 1663 I0 se 1693 I0 taka mAnA jAtA hai| ye kRSNa bhakti meM lIna eka premayogI the| inakA racita prasiddha grantha "ananya-nizcAtmaka" kuNDaliyA~ tathA chappaya chaMda meM likhA hai| isameM eka ora to vairAgya bhAva chalakatA hai to dUsarI ora ananya prema kA bhaav| inakA hRdaya premarasa pUrNa thaa| inhoMne svayaM ne kahA hai ki "bhAgavata rasika rasika kI bAteM, rasika binA koU samujhi sake nA" inake aneka pada "bhagavata rasika kI vANI" meM saMgrahita haiN| bhASA saralA evaM calatI hai| kAvyaguNoM kI dRSTi se inake pada sAdhAraNa koTi ke haiN| anya kavi : rItikAlIna kRSNa-bhakti kAvya paramparA meM vRndAvanadeva kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai, inakI racanA "kRSNAmRtagaMgA" prasiddha rahI hai| "pItAmbaradAsa" jo ki nimbArka sampradAya se jur3e kRSNa bhakta kavi the| inako kelimAla TIkA, samayaprabandha, siddhAnta aura rasa kI sAkhI, siddhAnta aura rasika pada Adi racanAe~ rahI haiN| rItikAlIna kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM meM bhaktavara nAgarIdAsa kI bahina kuMvaribAI kA bhI vizeSa sthAna hai| mIrA~ kI bhA~ti ye bhI prasiddha bhakta kavayitrI huI haiN| nehanidhi, vRndAvana gopI mahAtmya, saMketa yugala, rasapuMja, prema sampuTa, sAra saMgraha, raMgajhara, bhAvanA prakAza, rAsa-rahasya Adi inakI dasa kRtiyA~ haiN| inameM rAdhAkRSNa ke rasamAdhurya kA nirUpaNa hai| ___bakhzI haMsarAja zrIvAstava premasakhI bhI isa yuga ke ullekha yogya kRSNa-bhakta kavi hue haiN| ye sakhI sampradAya se sambandhita the| sneha sAgara, viraha vilAsa, kRSNa jU kI pA~ti, bArahamAsA, vinaya patrikA, purihArina lIlA tathA phAga taraMginI Adi inakI kRtiyA~ haiN| inameM rAdhA kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA bhAvapUrNa nirUpaNa hai| locana lalita prIti rasapAge, putarina syAma nihaare| mAnau kamala dalana para baiThe, uData na ali mtvaare|| aThArahavIM sadI ke aMtima caraNa meM vidyamAna "sahacari-sarana" sakhi sampradAya ke bhakta kavi the| inhoMne zrI kRSNa-rAdhA kI yugala chavi kA manohArI citraNa kiyA hai| inakI racanAe~ lalita prakAza tathA sarasa manjAvalI prasiddha rahI haiN| caitanya sampradAya ke bhakta kavi "maMjarIdAsa" bhI isa kAla meM hue| inake samakAlIna kRSNadAsa ne bhI kRSNa caritra kA gAna kiyA hai| isa kAla ke kRSNa bhakta kavayitriyoM meM ratnakuMvarI bhI avismaraNIya hai| inakA jIvana yoginI kI bhA~ti vyatita huA thaa| inakA "premaratna" nAmaka prabandha kAvya prasiddha hai| isake alAvA dAmodara caudharI, bholAnAtha bhaNDArI Adi kA nAma bhI bhakta kaviyoM meM ullekhanIya hai|

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isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pandrahavIM sadI meM bhaktidhArA se otaprota braja bhASA ke kaviyoM ne jo prema-bhakti kA aMkura bo diyA thA, vaha zatAbdiyoM taka puSpita, pallavita aura phalita hotA rhaa| premapUrNa madhurA bhakti zanaiH zanaiH agrasara hotI rhii| rItikAla meM aise bhI aneka kavi hue haiM, jinheM vizuddha kRSNa bhakti kavi nahIM kahA jA sakatA, parantu unhoMne bhaktikAlIna bhaktibhAva kA svacchanda prema ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jo unakI kRtiyoM meM yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| inakA pradhAna kathya to zrRMgAra hI rahA hai, parantu kahIM-kahIM para gaharI bhaktibhAvanA ke bhI darzana hote haiN| inhoMne rAdhA-kRSNa ke mAdhyama se zrRMgAra rasa kI apUrva saritA pravAhita kI thI, lekina sAtha hI ye loga yaha bhI nahIM bhUle the ki rAdhA-kRSNa ArAdhya aura bhakti ke Alambana the| jaise gvAla kavi kI ye do paMktiyA~ dekhiye, jinameM inhoMne rAdhA se aparAdha ke lie kSamAyAcanA mA~gI hai zrIrAdhA padapadma ko, pranami pranami kavi gvaal| chamavata haiM aparAdha ko, kibo ju kathana rsaal|| . ina kaviyoM meM bihArI, rahIma, deva, gvAla, bhikhArIdAsa Adi ullekhanIya haiN| inake kAvya meM bhAvapUrNa chanda milate haiM, jisameM unake hRdaya kA dainya mAtra prabhu para nirbharatA, AtmaglAni, kAtaratA, vinaya Adi ke bhAva se vyakta huA hai| to para vAro ubarasI, sUni rAdhike sujaan| tU mohana ke ura basI, hai urabasI smaan|| (bihArI-satasaI) svachanda prakRti ke kavi ghanAnanda, Alama, ThAkura, bodhA, tAjabIbI Adi ke kAvya meM bhI hameM kRSNa prema kA azarIrI evaM mAnasika rUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai| inakA laukika prema bhI zrI kRSNa kA alaukika Alambana grahaNa karatA dikhAI detA hai|| avadhI kRSNa-kAvya : kaise braja bhASA meM kRSNa-kAvya kI pradhAnatA rahI hai parantu avadhi bhASA meM bhI kRSNa kAvya kA praNayana pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| DaoN0 murAlIlAla zarmA "surasa" ne apane zodha prabandha "avadhi kRSNakAvya aura kavi" meM isa viSaya kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM hama dekheM to lAladAsa kA "haricaritra" sarvaprathama kRSNa caritra kA prabandha kAvya hai| isakI racanA I0sa0 1587 meM huI thii| yaha bhAgavata ke dazama skandha ke AdhAra para nirUpita kRti hai| benu viSAna vaMzI kara liinheN| zoSita manigana bhUSana kiinhaiN| gUMjA phala sobhita vnmaalaa| maMda maMda gati calata gupaalaa|

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. nAcanA kara kaMkana kaTi kiMkinI baaje| mora paMkha sira mukuTa viraaje| kara tana benu, kamala dala locn| ura vanamAla vanita ye mocn| isake bAda AsAnanda, jinhoMne haricaritra ke 46veM adhyAya se prArambha kara use pUrNa kiyaa| tatpazcAt bhIma nAmaka kavi jinakI harilIlA, soikalA, DaMgavai parva tathA cakravyUha kathA Adi racanAe~ rahI haiN| balavIra nAmaka kavi ne bhI daMgavaparva nAmaka grantha meM mahAbhArata ke yuddha kA avadhi bhASA meM varNana kiyA hai| avadhi meM racita kRSNa kAvya ke sarvazreSTha kavi lakSadAsa mAne jAte haiN| kRSNasAgara, bhAgavata purANasAra, dohAvalI tathA phuTakara pada Adi inake upalabdha grantha haiN| inake kRSNa caritra meM vibhinna pakSoM kA sundara citraNa milatA hai| inhoMne aneka chandoM kA prayoga kara utkRSTa kAvya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| bhakti-bhAva kI gahanatA va tanmayatA avalokanIya hai| lakSadAsa ke uparAnta aneka kaviyoM ne avadhI meM kRSNa kAvya kI racanA kI hai| viSaya kI vyApakatA kI dRSTi se ina kaviyoM kA nAmollekha karanA hI ucita rhegaa| ina kaviyoM meM narahari mahArAja, sadAnanda, bAbA raghunAtha rAmasanehI, sabalasiMha cauhAna, govinda kavi, jvAlA prasAda, kavi visAhUrAma, rAjendraprasAda, nArAyaNaprasAda mizra, zrI lAla upAdhyAya Adi prasiddha rahe haiN| ina kaviyoM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM kRSNa kI vizuddha bhakti bhAva se, zrI kRSNa caritra ke vividha pahaluoM kA sundara evaM sarasa varNana kiyA hai| inameM zrI kRSNa kI pUjya bhAvanA samAhita rahI hai| kRSNa maryAdAvAdI dikhAI dete haiN| inake grantha mukhya rUpa se dohA-caupAI Adi chandoM meM hI varNita haiN| ina granthoM meM yadyapi tulasI yA sara jaisA ucca kAvyatva nahIM rahA hai, adhikAMza racanAe~ sAdhAraNa koTi kI haiM parantu phira bhI yaha kAvya kRSNa-caritra kA eka aisA pakSa prastuta karatA hai jo braja bhASA meM varNita kRSNa-caritra se bhinna, maryAdita aura zAlIna hai, bhale hI vaisA rocaka evaM prabhAvazAlI varNana na rahA ho|05 ina kaviyoM ne zrI kRSNa caritra ke varNana meM zrRMgAra ko itanI mahattA pradAna nahIM kI hai, jitanI rItikAla ke anya kRSNa-bhakta kaviyoM ne| inake kRSNa maryAdA puruSottama zrI rAma kI bhA~ti maryAdita caritra vAle haiN| isa prakAra avadhI bhASA ke kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM kA kAvya apane-Apa meM viziSTa rahA hai| Adhunika kAla meM kRSNa-kAvya : bhakti kAla se calI A rahI kRSNa-bhakti kI ajasra dhArA ne na kevala rItikAla yA zrRMgAra kAla ko hI prabhAvita kiyA varan Adhunika kAla meM bhI kRSNa-bhakti kA apane kAvya meM varNana karane vAle aneka kRSNa-bhakta kavi ho gaye haiN| kRSNa-caritra kA eka aisA adbhuta AkarSaNa rahA hai ki pratyeka kAla ke kaviyoM ne inake caritra kA citraNa kiyA hai| ataH hindI sAhitya ke Adhunika kAla meM bhI kRSNa-viSayaka aneka kRtiyoM kA nirmANa huA hai|

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bhAratendu yuga : Adhunika kAla ke kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM meM sarvaprathama bhAratendu harizcandra kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| ye sarvatomukhI pratibhA sampanna sAhityakAra evaM Adhunika gadya ke pitA the| inhoMne gadya evaM padya donoM meM sarjana kArya kiyA hai| inakI kAvya kRtiyA~ to sattara haiM parantu kRSNa-lIlA sambandhI kRtiyA~ premamAlikA, premataraMga, premamAdhurI, premapalApa, rAga saMgraha ke pada tathA sphuTa kavitAe~ prasiddha haiN| inameM inhoMne rAdhA-kRSNa kI vibhinna lIlAoM ko lekara Der3ha hajAra padoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| isa yuga meM bhAratendujI ke atirikta badrInArAyaNa caudharI, premaghana kI AkhyAnaka kavitA alaukika lIlA evaM anya sphuTa pada, muMzI sAhabasiMha bhaTTanAgara kA prabandha kAvya, prema-abhilASA, ambikAdatta racita sukavi satasaI evaM kaMsavadha, rAdhAcaraNa gosvAmI ke kRSNa stuti paraka pada evaM bhramaragIta, dhanAraMga dUbe kA kRSNarAmAyaNa,navanIta caturvedI kI pustaka kubjA-pacIsI, rasIle kA udhau brajagamana caritra, paM0 rAmasevaka caube kI mAdhava mAdhurI tathA dvArakA prasAda kA dvArakAzataka bhI kRSNa kAvya kI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ haiN|106 uparyukta kaviyoM kI racanAoM ke atirikta pratApanArAyaNa mizra ke sphuTa pada ambikAdatta vyAsa kI bihArI-bihAra tathA pratApa laharI, sudhAkara trivedI kI mAdhavapaMcaka tathA rAdhA kRSNa dAna lIlA, mahArAja rAmasiMha kRta mohana vinoda, govinda caturvedI kRta "brajavAnI", visAhU rAmakRta kRSNAyana, govinda gillAbhAI kI rAdhAmukha SoDaSI bhI isa yuga kI anya kRSNa-bhakti kI mahattvapUrNa ullekhya kRtiyA~ haiN| isake alAvA bhI aneka kaviyoM ne rAdhA-kRSNa se sambandhita sphuTa padoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| dvivedI yuga : isa yuga meM kRSNa kAvya kI zrRMkhalA meM "hariaudha" kA priya-pravAsa viziSTa ullekhanIya Adarza kRti rahI hai| isa yuga ke anya kaviyoM meM jagannAthadAsa "ratnAkara" kA hiMDaulA, uddhava zataka, zRMgArI laharI evaM aSTaka-kAvya,, paM0 satyanArAyaNa kaviratna kA bhramaradUta evaM kRSNa viSayaka sphuTa pada, rAva kRSNadAsa kRta "brajaraja" Adi ullekhya racanA hai| kRSNa viSayaka racanAoM meM paM0 kizoralAla gosvAmI kI satasaI, zrI rUpanArAyaNa pANDeya kI. racanA zrIkRSNa caritra, lalanapiyA kI lalana-sAgara, viyogIhari kI premazataka, prema-pathika tathA premAMjali, mukundilAla kI mukunda vilAsa, gajarAja siMha kI ajira-vihAra, zrI baladeva kI sAvana-chaTA, jagannAthabhAnu kI upAlabhya aSTaka, rAmadAsa gauDa kA kRSNAvatAra evaM rAmadatta zarmA kI uSA-haraNa bhI yuga kI ullekhanIya racanAe~ haiN| dvivedI paravartI-yuga :- bhAratendu yuga evaM dvivedI yuga ke pazcAt bhI hindI sAhitya meM kRSNa kAvya kI paramparA nirantara abAdha rUpa se calatI rahI hai| isa yuga ke aneka kaviyoM ne kRSNa

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viSayaka racanAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| DaoN0 rAmazaraNa gauDa ne isa viSaya meM anusaMdhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa se kRtiyoM evaM kRtikAroM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| isa yuga meM tulasIrAma zarmA dineza racita puruSottama, pradyumna TuMgA kA kRSNa-carita-mAnasa, dvArikAprasAda mizra kA kRSNAyana, maithilIzaraNa gupta kA dvApara, ajaya zarmA kA pheri milivo, paM0 ghAsIrAma vyAsa kA zyAma-sandeza, candrabhAnusiMha raja kA neha nikuMja, rAmAvatAra poddAra kA sUrazyAma, girirAjadatta zukla giriza kA prayANa, amRtalAla caturvedI kA zyAma-sandeza, DaoN0 rAmazaMkara zukla kRta uddhava-zataka Adi isa yuga kI ullekhya racanAe~ haiN|07 isake atirikta gayAprasAda dvivedI ne madhupurI, rAdhA aura usake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para dAUdayAla gupta ne rAdhA, rAjezvara prasAda nArAyaNa siMha ne rAdhAkRSNa, rAMgeya rAghava ne pAMcAlI, paM0 hRSikeza caturvedI ne zrIrAmakRSNa kAvya evaM zrIrAmakRSNAyana, baladeva prasAda mizra ne zyAma zataka, zyAmasundaralAla ne zyAma-sandeza evaM dharmavIra bhAratI ne kanupriyA kA praNayana kiyaa| isI kRSNa-kAvya paramparA meM narezacandra bhaMjana dvArA racita mahArAsa, navakizora zarmA kI jarAsaMdha, mAkhanalAla caturvedI kI veNu lo gUMje dharA, brajacanda kapUra kRta brajacanda-vinoda, prema bhaNDArI racita bhagavAn zrI kRSNalIlAmRta, siyArAma zaraNa gupta kI gopikA, zrInAtha dvivedI kI sArathI-kRSNa, zrIrAma nArAyaNa agravAla kI kUbarI, candrazekhara pANDeya kRta dvArikA praveza, devIratna avasthI karIla kI madhuparka, DaoN0 kRSNanandana pIyUSa kI yoga-nidrA, umAkAnta mAlavIya kI devakI tathA jAnakIvallabha zAstrI kI rAdhA evaM anAdi mizra kI praznoM ke sUryodaya mahattvapUrNa racanAe~ haiN|204 niSkarSa : uparyukta prakAra se hindI sAhitya meM kRSNa-bhakti kI eka vizAla paramparA rahI hai| AdikAla, bhaktikAla, rItikAla evaM Adhunika kAla ke aneka kaviyoM ne zrI kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA citraNa kara apane jIvana ko dhanya banAyA hai| ina kaviyoM ne zrI kRSNa ke jIvana ke vibhinna svarUpoM kA citraNa kara unake vyaktitva ko vyApakatA pradAna kI hai| itanA hI nahIM ina kaviyoM ne zrI kRSNa bhakti ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kA mahattvapUrNa kArya bhI kiyA hai| hindI sAhitya ina kaviyoM kA sadA-sadA RNI rahegA; kyoMki inhoMne na kevala zrI kRSNa-lIlA kA nirUpaNa kara unakI bhakti kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA varan hindI sAhitya ko bhI samRddhazAlI banAkara use atyadhika khyAti pradAna kI hai| hindI ke alAvA bhI aneka bhAratIya bhASAoM meM zrI kRSNa caritra kA vizada varNana huA hai| ina bhASAoM meM telagU, malayAlama, kannar3a, marAThI, baMgalA, ur3iyA, asamiyA, gujarAtI, maithilI, rAjasthAnI, paMjAbI, kazmIrI evaM urdU ityAdi kI apanI alaga se paramparA rahI hai parantu ina bhASAoM meM varNita kRSNa-bhakti kA nirUpaNa viSaya kI maryAdAnusAra apekSita nahIM hai|

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jaina-sAhitya paramparA meM zrI kRSNa : bhAratIya vAGmaya meM jaina sAhitya ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| jaina-sAhitya apekSita rUpa se prakAza meM nahIM AyA hai| jaina granthoM ke "asUryampazya" rakhane kI pravRtti ne bhI jJAna kI apAra rAzi ko jijJAsuoM se bahuta dinoM taka dUra rakhA hai| isake alAvA bhedabhAva pUrNa sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa se bhI isa cintana se sAmAnya jana vaMcita rahA hai| jaina sAhitya ke mahArgharatnoM se bhAratI kA bhaNDAra bharA par3A hai, parantu anAyAsa prApta unake Aloka kA lAbha bhI hama nahIM uThA pAte, unheM ekAnta rUpa se prApta karane ke prayatna kI bAta to dUra rhii| Azcarko taba hotA hai ki jaba sAhitya ke paricAyaka itihAsa granthoM meM bhI ina grantha-ratnoM kA spaSTa ullekha bhI nahIM hotA jabaki sAhityika dRSTi se ye grantha kisI bhASA ke kaNThahAra bana sakate haiN|09| jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa caritra varNana kI eka vizAla paramparA rahI hai| "pahale vidvAna yaha mAnate the ki jainiyoM ne vaiSNavapurANoM se hI kRSNa caritra liyA hai parantu isa vizAla sAhitya-paramparA ko dekhakara yaha bAta nirmUla siddha hotI hai|110 jaina sAhitya ke Agama kAla se kRSNa caritra kA nirUpaNa hotA rahA hai| ina granthoM meM kRSNa caritra ke vividha prasaMgoM kA saMdarbhAnusAra ullekha huA hai| Agama sAhitya ke uparAnta Agametara sAhitya meM bhI isI paramparAnusAra prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI saMskRta Adi aneka bhASAoM meM zrI kRSNa viSayaka kRtiyoM kI racanA huI hai| Agama-sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa : Agama sAhitya prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| yaha sAhitya mUlataH siddhAnta-nirUpaNa se sambandhita hai parantu siddhAnta-nirUpaNa meM vyakti caritroM kA bhI citraNa huA hai, isalie kRSNa-caritra ke vividha prasaMga bhI yatra-tatra ina kRtiyoM meM varNita haiN| kRSNa-caritra sambandhI mahattvapUrNa evaM ullekhanIya kRtiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra se hai(1) samavAyAMga sUtra : isa grantha meM siddhAnta-nirUpaNa ke uparAnta zalAkApuruSoM kA nAma tathA unakI vizeSatAoM kA varNana milatA hai| sUtra 206 meM baladeva evaM zrI kRSNa kI vizeSatAoM, unakA vyaktitva, lakSaNa, astra-zastra tathA dhvajA Adi kA varNana diyA gayA hai| (2) jJAtAdharma-kathA : isa kRti ke do zrutaskandha hai| prathama zrutaskandha ke solahaveM adhyayana meM dropadI kA caritra varNita hai| isI prasaMga meM kRSNa vAsudeva kA zreSTha rAjapuruSa ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa huA hai, jo apane samaya ke rAja-samAja ke pUjanIya, prabhAvazAlI evaM mahAn balazAlI haiN| isI sUtra meM arddha cakravartI zalAkApuruSa vAsudeva rAjA ke rUpa meM zrI kRSNa kA vizada varNana huA hai|11

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antakRddazA : isa grantha ke varga 1,3,4,5 meM kRSNa evaM unakI rAniyo tathA putroM kA varNana hai| isI krama meM dvArikA ke mahAn zakti sampanna rAjA zrI kRSNa, unakI senA, senApatioM, vaibhavazAlI nAgarikoM, subhaTa mahAvIroM arhat ariSTanemi kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| tRtIya varga ke AThaveM adhyAya / meM kRSNa ke anuja sahodara muni gajasukumAra ke caritra kA bhI citraNa huA hai| (4) prazna-vyAkaraNa : isa kRti kI viSayavastu do bhAgoM (Asrava tathA saMvara) meM vibhAjita hai| isameM AsravaddhAra ke caturtha adhyayana meM zrI kRSNa-caritra kA ullekha milatA hai| sUtra 6 meM kRSNa ke mahAn caritra, unake zreSTha arddhacakravartI rAjA ke rUpa kA, unakI rAniyoM evaM putroM kA evaM anya parijanoM kA varNana huA hai| sUtra 7 meM kRSNa ko cANUra, kAliyanAga ke hantA, yamalArjuna ko mArane vAle, mahAzakuni tathA pUtanA ke ripu, kaMsamardaka, rAjagRha ke adhipati evaM jarAsaMdha ke vardhakartA ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai|12 . nirayAvalikA : isa grantha ke pA~caveM sarga meM "niSadhakumAra" kA varNana hai| niSadhakumAra ke bar3e bhAI rAjA baladeva tathA revatI ke putra the| inake varNana meM dvArikA varNana, rAjA kRSNa / vAsudeva ke mahAtmya kA bhI varNana huA hai| arhat ariSTanemi ke dvArikA Agamana para zrI kRSNa kA harSita honA, apane kauTumbika janoM ko bulAkara tathA sajadhaja ke sAtha saba ko ariSTanemi ke pAsa unake darzana evaM dharma-zravaNa ke lie le jAne kA citraNa hai| (6) uttarAdhyayana : isa kRti ke bAisaveM adhyayana meM neminAtha caritra kA varNana hai| isakI gAthAe~ 1,2,3,6,8,10,11,25 evaM 26 meM kRSNa sambandhI ullekha upalabdha hai| zrI kRSNa ke mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna, nemikumAra kA vivAha mahotsava Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| isa prakAra jaina sAhitya kI Adi kRtiyA~ "Agama granthoM" meM zrI kRSNa-caritra kA varNana spaSTatA se huA hai| jaina sAhitya kI kRSNa-kathA ke mUlAdhAra meM inhIM granthoM kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| inhIM granthoM se kRSNa-kathA ke sUtroM ko ekatrita kara jaina sAhitya ke Agametara sAhityakAroM ne isa kathA varNana ko suvyavasthita svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai: Agametara sAhitya meM kRSNa-caritra varNana :____jaina sAhitya meM Agama sAhitya ke pazcAt Agametara sAhitya meM kRSNa-kathA uttarottara vikAsa ko prApta huI hai| Agametara sAhitya meM kRSNa-caritra ko varNana karane vAlI do prakAra kI kRtiyA~ nirUpita huI haiM-eka to ve jisameM triSaSTi zalAkApuruSoM ke caritra kA

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varNana kiyA gayA hai tathA dUsare prakAra kI ve kRtiyA~, jinameM arhat ariSTanemi, kRSNa, gajasukumAla, pradyumna kumAra Adi ko paramparAgata jaina kathA-vastu ke AdhAra se varNita kiyA gayA hai| yaha paramparA na kevala saMskRta bhASA meM varan prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI Adi vividha bhASAoM meM eka sI rahI hai| Agametara sAhitya meM kRSNa-caritra sambandhI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ nimna prakAra se haiM(1) vAsudeva hiNDI : Agametara prAkRta kathA sAhitya kI yaha prAcIna kRti hai| isameM zrI kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ke bhramaNa (hiNDI) kA vistRta vattAnta ullekhita hai| yaha kRti do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| isa grantha ke prathama khaNDa ke racAyatA saMghadAsa gaNi tathA dUsare ke dharmasena gaNi haiN|113 . vasudeva jI kA caritra varNana dUsare khaNDa meM hai| isake anusAra vasudeva ne sau varSa taka bhramaNa kiyA evaM aneka kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| vasudeva caritra ke sAtha meM isa grantha meM zrI kRSNa kA, unake putra pradyumna ityAdi kA bhI varNana huA hai| (2) harivaMzapurANa :.. jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa-caritra ke varNana kI dRSTikoNa se isa paurANika kRti kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha saMskRta bhASA meM racita, 66 sargoM kI vizAlakAya kAvya kRti hai| yaha aisI prathama kRti hai, jisameM kRSNa kA sampUrNa caritra vyavasthita evaM kramabaddha rUpa se varNita huA hai| kRSNa-caritra varNana kI dRSTi se bAda ke jaina sAhityakAroM ke lie yaha "upajIvya" rahI hai| isa grantha ke racayitA digambara jainAcArya jinasena the| yahI grantha hamAre zodha kA Alocya grantha rahA hai| ataH isakA vistRta varNana agale paricchedoM meM kiyA jaayegaa| parantu yaha purANa grantha mahAkAvya ke guNoM se guMthA huA eka uccakoTi kA kAvya hai| hindI kI harivaMza purANa zIrSaka, kaI kRtiyA~ isase pUrNa rUpa se prabhAvita rahI haiN| (3) mahApurANa (uttara-purANa) : saMskRta jaina sAhitya kA yaha mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isake do bhAga haiM--AdipurANa tathA uttrpuraannH| yaha vizAlakAya grantha chihattara sargoM meM pUrA huA hai| isa grantha kA racanAkAla vi0saM0 910 mAnA jAtA hai|14 isake uttarapurANa parva 61 se 63 taka meM zrI kRSNa-caritra kA varNana huA hai| yaha varNana harivaMzapurANa kI apekSA saMkSipta hai| hindI meM khuzAlacandra kAlA kRta "uttarapurANa" isI grantha se prabhAvita racanA hai| (4) pradyumna caritra : ___ isa grantha ke racayitA mahAsenAcArya the|15 yaha saMskRta khaNDa kAvya hai| isameM zrI kRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA varNana hai| dvArikA ke rAjA kRSNa kI rAnI rukmiNI se usakA

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janma, kAlasaMvara dvArA apaharaNa, vidyAdhyayana, punaH usakA mAtA-pitA se milanA ityAdi aneka prasaMgoM kA nirUpaNa isa grantha meM huA hai| kAlAntara meM hindI meM bhI sudhAru kA pradyumna carita, devendrakIrti kA pradyumna-prabandha isake anukaraNa para likhe gaye haiN| .. (5) triSaSTizalAkApuruSa-carita : zvetAmbara jainAcArya hemacandra kA saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM kA carita varNana karane vAlA yaha kAvya grantha hai| hemacandrAcArya mahAn vidvAna, saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza bhASAoM ke jJAtA the| inakA jIvana vRtta vi0saM0 1145 se 1129 taka mAnA jAtA hai|16 isa grantha meM 10 parva hai| zrI kRSNa-caritra kA varNana AThaveM parva meM huA hai| isI parva meM neminAtha, baladeva, jarAsaMdha Adi ke bhI caritra-varNana hai| jaina zvetAmbara sampradAya meM yaha grantha atyadhika prasiddha rahA hai| isa grantha kA bhI "srotagrantha" ke rUpa meM aneka jaina kaviyoM ne upayoga kiyA hai| (6) riThnemicaritra (ariSTanemi-carita) : yaha apabhraMza bhASA meM nirUpita mahattvapUrNa kAvya-grantha hai| isa grantha ke racayitA apabhraMza sAhitya ke prathama kavi svayaMbhU the| inakA jIvana-vRtta vi0saM0.634 se 840 ke madhya mAnA jAtA hai| isa grantha meM kRSNa-kathA kA varNana hai| isake yAdava kANDa meM kRSNa caritra ke sAtha ariSTanemi tathA pradyumna ityAdi kA bhI caritra varNana milatA hai| yuddha kANDa meM kaurava-pANDavoM ke yuddha kA sundara varNana milatA hai| yaha aprakAzita racanA hai| isakI eka prati zAstra bhaNDAra zrI digambara jaina mandira, choTA dIvAnajI jayapura meM upalabdha hai|117 (7) tisaTThimahApurisa-guNAlaMkAra (triSaSTi mahApuruSa guNAlaMkAra) : yaha apabhraMza bhASA meM racita mahAkavi "puSpadanta" kI vizAlakAya kAvya-kRti hai| isameM jaina paramparAgata 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke caritroM kA vizada varNana huA hai| isa grantha meM 122 sarga (saMdhiyA) evaM 20 hajAra zloka haiN| isakA racanAkAla nAthurAma premIjI ne vi0saM0 881 se 886 svIkAra kiyA hai|118 yaha kRti bhI AdipurANa tathA uttarapurANa ina do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| uttarapurANa meM rAmacarita tathA kRSNacarita kA varNana milatA hai| isake 81 se 92 taka ke sargoM meM jaina paramparAgata kRSNacarita kA varNana huA hai| isa grantha kA mUlAdhAra jinasena guNabhadra kRta "mahApurANa" rahA hai| (8) nemiNAha-caritra 19 ( harivaMza purANa) : yaha mahAkavi raidhU kI apabhraMza bhASA kI racanA hai| ye apane samaya ke bar3e prabhAvazAlI evaM vidvAna paMDita the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 15-16 vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| inake dvArA racita isa grantha kI eka hastalikhita prati jainasiddhAnta-bhavana, ArA meM upalabdha hai|120

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isa grantha kA mUlAdhAra bhI jinasena kRta harivaMzapurANa rahA hai| kavi ne harivaMza kA prArambha, pANDavoM kI utpatti, vasudeva caritra, kRSNa caritra, neminAtha caritra, pradyumna caritra, pANDava-caritra Adi kA varNana isa grantha meM kiyA gayA hai| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se bhI yaha sundara evaM sarasa kRti rahI hai| kAvya kI bhASA pariniSThita apabhraMza rahI hai| (9) gajasukumAla rAsa : yaha grantha AdikAlIna hindI kI racanA hai| isakA racanAkAla I0sa0 1258-68 ke bIca anumAnita kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti ke racayitA kavi "devendrasUri" the| inake guru kA nAma jagaccandrasUri thaa| isa rAsa kAvya meM zrI kRSNa ke anuja sahodara muni gajasukumAla kA caritra-varNana hai| jaina paramparA meM gajasukumAla kA AkhyAna prasiddha hai| isameM ariSTanemi kA dvArikA AnA, kRSNa ke chahoM sahodaroM ko dekhakara devakI kI udAsI, zrI kRSNa dvArA tapa, samayAnusAra devakI ke putrotpatti, gajasukumAla kA vivAha- sambandha, ariSTanemi ke upadeza se unakA vairAgya evaM dIkSA Adi kA varNana 34 chandoM meM varNita hai| kavi ne kRSNa dvArA cANUramalla, kaMsa va jarAsaMdha ityAdi ke hanana kA bhI spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| kRSNa kA vAsudeva svarUpa dekhie saMkha cakka gaya paharaNa dhaaraa| kaMsa jarAhiva kaya sNhaaraa|| jiba cANauri mallu viyriu| jarAsiMdhu balavaMtau ghaaddiu||121 isa kRti kI bhASA paravartI apabhraMza yA prAcIna rAjasthAnI hai jo ki hindI bhASA kA AdikAlika svarUpa hai| (10) pradyumna carita : yaha kRti "sadhArU" kI racanA hai| isakA racanA kAla IsavI san 1354 mAnA gayA hai| isa kRti meM rukmiNI se utpanna putra pradyumna ke jIvana-carita kA nirUpaNa milatA hai| grantha ke prArama meM dvArikA ke vaibhava va zrI kRSNa kI zakti-sampannatA kA varNana hai| isa kRti meM 6 sarga hai, jo vIra rasa se bhare par3e haiN| kRSNa zizupAla-yuddha Adi kA isameM vizada varNana huA hai| yaha brajabhASA kA kAvya hai, brajabhASA ke samasta lakSaNa isa grantha meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| isa kAvya kA mukhya chanda caupAI hai, isake alAvA dhruvaka, vastubandha, dohA, soraThA ityAdi chandoM kA bhI prayoga yathA sandarbha huA hai| yuddha bhUmi meM khaDga lekara zrI kRSNa kaise zobhita hote haiM, dekhie isa kRti kA eka pada tavatihi ghanahara ghAliu rAli, candra haMsakara lIyo sNbhaali| vIju samisu camakai karavAlu, jANau su jIbha pasAre kaalu|| jabati kharaga hAtha hari layau, candra rayaNi cAMbar3a kara ghiu| ratha te utari cale bhara jAma, tIni bhuvana akulAne taam||122

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(11) balabhadra caupAI : isa grantha ke racayitA "yazodhara" the| ye kASThA saMgha ke jaina sAdhu the| inhoMne vijayasena muni se dIkSA grahaNa kara Ajanma brahmacArI rahane kA vrata liyA thaa| inakA. samaya vi0saM0 1520 se 1590 kA kahA jAtA hai|123 isa grantha meM 189 padyoM kA saMgraha hai| isameM kRSNa ke bar3e bhAI balabhadra ke caritra kA varNana hai| isa grantha kI bhASA rAjasthAnI prabhAvita hindI hai| isameM DhAla, dohA va caupAI chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| dvArikA ke vaibhava kA varNana dekhiye * yAcaka janani deu dAna, na hIyau haraSa nahIM abhimaan| . . sUra subhaTa eka dIsi ghaNA, sajjana loka nahIM durjnnaa||124 (12) harivaMza purANa : prastuta kRti ke racayitA "zAlIvAhana" the| inhoMne jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa (saMskRta) ke AdhAra para isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| kavi ne svayaM isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isa grantha kI racanA vi0saM0 1693 san 1638 meM pUrNa huii| isa kRti kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ kaI sthAnoM para upalabdha haiN|25 isa grantha ke 12 se 26 taka kI saMdhiyoM meM kRSNa-carita kA varNana hai| kRti kI bhASA rAjasthAnI prabhAvita braja bhASA hai| yaha dohA, caupAI, chandoM se racita hai| kaMsa kI mallazAlA meM kizora kRSNa kA parAkrama kavi ke zabdoM meM dRSTavya hai caMDUra malla uThyo kAla samAna, bajramuSTi daiyata smaan| jAni kRSNa donoM kara gahai, phera pAI dharatI para vahai // 1780-81 // (13) nemIzvara rAsa : isa grantha ke racayitA nemicanda haiN| isakA racanA kAla I0sa0 1712 mAnA jAtA hai| isameM bhI jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANAnusAra kRSNa-carita kA varNana huA hai| isameM zrI kRSNa kA janma, unakI bAla-lIlAe~, kaMsavadha, yAdavoM kA dvArikA-nivAsa, rukmiNI haraNa, zizupAla-vadha, neminAtha kA janma, jarAsaMdha-yuddha, draupadI-haraNa, kRSNa dvArA use vApisa lAnA, neminAtha kA gRhatyAga, tapa va kaivalyajJAna, dvArikA kA vinAza tathA zrI kRSNa kA paramadhAmagamana ityAdi vividha prasaMgoM kA kramazaH varNana huA hai| "zrIkRSNa" kRti ke pramukha pAtra haiN| unake vIratApUrNa kRtyoM kA kavi ne sundara varNana kiyA hai| (14) harivaMzapurANa tathA uttarapurANa : kRSNa caritra sambandhI ina donoM kRtiyoM ke kRtikAra khuzAlacandra kAlA the| ina donoM hindI kAvya kRtiyoM kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ jaina bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hai| ye grantha -

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harivaMzapurANa (saMskRta) tathA uttarapurANa (saMskRta) kI zailI para racita kAvyagrantha hai| inakA racanAkAla kramazaH IsavI san 1723 tathA 1742 mAnA jAtA hai|26 isa grantha meM bolacAla kI sarala hindI kA prayoga huA hai| inameM caupAI, dohA, soraThA ityAdi chanda prayukta hue haiN| ina kRtiyoM meM ariSTanemi, zrIkRSNa, balarAma, jarAsaMdha ityAdi kA caritra nirUpaNa huA hai| (15) nemicandrikA : yaha kavi "manaraMgalAla" ko racanA hai| inhoMne bhI apanI kRti kI viSaya-vastu ke lie jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMza ko AdhAra bnaayaa| kRti kA racanAkAla IsavI san 1823 hai, jaisA ki kavi ne svayaM ullekha kiyA hai| isameM kula 381 chanda haiN| gaNeza vandanA ke pazcAt dvArikA kA vaibhava, zrI kRSNa kI zakti-sampannatA, neminAtha kA janma tathA unakA vairAgya, kaivalyajJAna tathA mokSagamana Adi kA varNana hai| yaha neminAtha kI paramparAgata kathAvastu se AdhArita khaNDa kAvya kI racanA hai| isakI bhASA sarala, bolacAla kI hindI hai| isameM dohA, soraThA, caupAI, aDilla tathA bhujaMgaprayAta Adi chanda prayukta hue haiN| . Urdhvalikhita vivecanAnusAra vaiSNava paramparA kI bhA~ti jaina paramparA meM bhI kRSNa caritra kA vizada varNana huA hai| jisa prakAra se vaiSNava paramparA meM zrI kRSNa kA varNana vedoM, upaniSadoM, purANoM tathA adyAvadhi aneka bhAratIya bhASAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, usI prakAra se yaha varNana jaina sAhitya ke AgamakAla se Agametara kAla taka vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM nirUpita huA hai| - vivecita kRtiyoM ke alAvA bhI jaina sAhitya ke aneka kRtikAroM ne apane granthoM meM zrI kRSNa kathA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| inameM se aneka grantha aprakAzita haiM, jinakI hastalikhita pratiyA~ vividha sAhitya bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahita par3I haiN| DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA~ ne apane zodha grantha "jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa" meM aisI aneka kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|127 una saba kRtiyoM kA ullekha karanA yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai parantu yaha nizcita hai ki jaina sAhityakAroM ne apanI maulikatA ke AdhAra para kRSNa kathA ko eka navIna svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai, jisase sAmAnya jana Aja bhI aparicita hai| isa navIna dRSTikoNa ko hI prakAza meM lAnA hamArA mukhya hetu rahA hai| * * *

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* 3 | TippaNiyA~ :1. "hindI sAhitya kA vivecanAtmaka itihAsa"-rAjanAtha zarmA-pR0 292 2. "hindI sAhitya kA vivecanAtmaka itihAsa"-rAjanAtha zarmA-pR0 292 3. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta-DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara-pR0 3 sUra ke kRSNa : eka anuzIlana-zazi tivArI-pR0 9 . sUra-saurabha-muMzIrAma zarmA-pR0 76 6. mahAkavi sUradAsa-nandadulAre vAjapeyI-pR0 19 7. sUra ke kRSNa : eka anuzIlana-zazi tivArI-pR0 10 8. "kalyANa" varSa 62 pR0 673 yasmAdvizvamidaM sarvaM tasya zaktyA mhaatmnH| tasmAdevocyate viSNurvizadhAtoH pravezanAt / / 10. sUra kI jhAMkI-DaoN0 satyendra-pR0 17 11. trINi padAni vicakrame viSNugopA admy| Rgveda - 1/22/12 12. idaM viSNurvicakrame tredhA nidadhe pdm| Rgveda-1/12/17 13. yaH parvatAn prakumitAnprakupitAM armyaas| sUra ke kRSNa - zazi tivArI - pR0 15 14. yaH aMtarikSa vimame vriiyH| sUra ke kRSNa - zazi tivArI - pR0 16 15. yaH hatvA ahiM arigAta sptsindhuunH| sUra ke kRSNa - zazi tivArI - pR0 16 16. ayaM vAM kRSNo azvino hvte| nirukta-yAska 17. RSiH darzanAt yaH parokSaM pazyati saH RssiH| nirukta yaask| R0 3/15/3 18. AyAMtvindraH svptimdaay| 19. srotaM raadhaanaaNpt| Rgveda 1/30/5 20. gvAmaya brajaM vRdhi| Rgveda 1/10/6 21. gvAmaya-brajaM vRdhi| Rgveda 1/10/6 22. tvaM nRcakSA vRSabhAnu pUrvI kRSNAsvagna aruSo vibhrti| 23. tamedatAdhArayaH kRssnnaarohinniissu| R0 1/93/13 24. kRSNA rUpANi arjunA vivaamde| R0 10/21/3 25. sarveSAM tu sanAmAni karmANi ca pRthk-pRthk| vedazabdebhya evAdau pRthak saMsthAzca nirmame // manusmRti 1/2 26. sUra aura usakA sAhitya - DaoN0 haravaMza zarmA - pR0 125 27. bhAratIya sAdhanA aura sUra sAhitya - DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA - pR0 169.

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28. AdityAnAmahaM viSNurthotiSAM rvirNshumaan| zrImad bhagavadgItA - 10/21 29. vedAnAM sAmavedosmi devAnAmasmi vaasvH| zrImad bhagavadagItA - 10/22 30. sUra ke kRSNa eka anuzIlana - zazi tivArI pR0 17 / / 31. nArAyaNAya vidmahe vAsudevAya dhImahi, tanno viSNuH pracodayAt // taittirIya-AraNyaka 32. kRSNo hi tadAGgiraso brAhmaNAn chandasIya tRtIyaM savanaM ddrsh| kobrA0 33. atha hAsyA etatkRSNa haarito| vAgbrahmaNAmitropodAharita iti|| - aitareya AraNyaka ___ madhyakAlIna kRSNanATya meM rUpa sauMdarya - puruSottama agravAla - pR0 13-14 34. sUra ke kRSNa eka anuzIlana - zazi tivArI - pR0 16 35. kRSNasya hi kRte vizvamidaM bhUtaM craacrm| eva prakRtiratyaktA kartA caiva snaatnH|| sabhAparva 38/232 36. sUra ke kRSNa eka anuzIlana - zazi tivArI - pR0 16 37. sarveSAmAzrayo vissnnuraishvryvidhimaashritH| sarvabhUtakRtAvAso vAsudeveti cocyate // zAMti parva 347/74 38. mahAbhArata 52 / 89 39. mahAbhArata-zAMtiparva 341/342 40. madhyakAlIna hindI kRSNa kAvya aura rUpa saundarya - DaoN0 puruSottama agravAla - pR0 20 . 41. vaiSNava dharma kA saMkSipta itihAsa - pu0ke0 zAstrI - pR0 39 42. yadyayaM jagataH kartA yathainammUrkha mnyte| . kasmAnna brAhmaNaM smygaatmaanmvgcchti|| mahAbhArata 2/43/611 83. The Cultural Heritage of India Vo.-Il Page 85 by Dr. rama Swami Aiyar 44. bhakti kA vikAsa - DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA - pR0 124 45.. Collected work's of Sir R.G. Bhandarker Vo/IV Page 49 46. zrImad bhAgavata puraann| 1/3/27 47. hindI kRSNa bhakti kAvyoM para purANoM kA prabhAva - DaoN0 zazi agravAla - pR0 39 48. brahmavaivarta purANa - zrI kRSNa janma khaMDa - 20/4 se 51 49. brahmavaivarta purANa - zrI kRSNa janma khaMDa - 1/36 50. rephoti koTi janmAndha karmayoga shubhaashubhm|| AkAro garbhavAsaM sa mRtyuM rogamutsRjam // bra0vai0pu0 janmakhaNDa 15/56-69 51. . zrImad bhAgavata 1/3/28 ete cAzaM kRtvA puMsaH kRSNastu bhagavAn svayaM / 52. zrImad bhAgavata 10/85/31 53. zrImad bhAgavata 4/7/49 se 52 - - -

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54. zrImad bhAgavata purANa 4/22/40 55. madhyakAlIna hindI kRSNa kAvya meM rUpa saundarya - DaoN0 puruSottama agravAla - pR0 29 56. zrImad bhAgavata 10/59 57. kAcid bhrUbhaMgaraM kRtvA lalATaphalakaM hrim| vilokya netramRgAbhyAM papau tnmukhpNkjm|| viSNu purANa 13/45 58. bhAratIya sAdhanA aura sUra sAhitya - DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA - pR0 156 59. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti evaM vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 19 60. J.R.A.S. meM hinduoM para miToriyana IsAiyoM kA RNa - zIrSaka lekha 61. . kalyANa (kRSNAMka) varSa 1932 pR0 351 62. sUra-saurabha DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA pR0 79 63. kalyANa (kRSNAMka) varSa 1932 pR0 352-353 64. vaiSNavigma, zaivijma eNDa mAinara jUlIjiyasa sisTama - DaoN. bhaNDAranAyake pR0 37-38 65. sUra-sAhitya-DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI pR0 8 66. sUra ke kRSNa - zazi tivArI - pR0 13 67. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 20 68. AlavAra bhaktoM kA tamila prabandha aura kRSNa kAvya-DaoN0 malika mohammada pR0 34 se 37 69. vaiSNavijma, zaivijma eNDa mAinara jUlIjiyasa sisTama - DaoN. bhaNDAranAyake pR0 48 70. sUra ke kRSNa - zazi tivArI - pR0 25 71. sUra ke kRSNa - zazi tivArI - pR0 26 72. hindI para saMskRta sAhitya kA prabhAva - saranAma siMha pR0 71 73. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya - rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara - pR0 62 74. hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyA~ - rAjanAtha zarmA - pR0 130 / 75. hindI sAhitya kA vivecanAtmaka itihAsa - rAmakumAra varmA - pR0 307 76. hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyA~ - le0 rAjanAtha zarmA - pR0 234 77. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 36 78. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya rAmacandra zukla - pR0 109 79. - hindI sAhitya kA vivecanAtmaka itihAsa - DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA, pR0 297 80. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara pR0 162 81. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - DaoN0 nagendra - pR0 222 82. caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA - gokuladAsa - pR0 62 83. aSTachApa aura vallabha sampradAya - DaoN. dInadayAla gupta - pR0 229 .

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84. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 180 85. bhAva prakAza - harirAya kRta 86. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - DaoN0 nagendra - pR0 222 87. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 180 88. kRSNadAsa pada saMgraha - pada saM0 59 / / 89. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 203 90. chItasvAmI pada saMgraha - pada 53 91. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - DaoN0 nagendra - 227 92. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - DaoN0 mo0mA0 cauhAna - pR0 129 93. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya zukla - pR0 130 94. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - DaoN0 nagendra - pR0 238 95. hindI sAhitya kA vivecanAtmaka itihAsa - DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA - pR0 328 96. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya zukla - pR0 128 97. mIroM ke jIvanavRtta - le0 muMzI devIprasAda - pR0 98. mIrA eka adhyayana - le0 zabanama - pR0 15 99. mIrA~ smRtigrantha - le0 vidhAnava - pR0 51 100. mIrAbAI padAvalI - le0 parazurAma caturvedI - pR0 25 101. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya zukla - pR0 133 202. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya zukla - pR0 247 103. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya zukla - pR0 239 104. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya rAmacandra zukla - pR0 244 / 105.. hindI sAhitya kA vivecanAtma itihAsa - rAmakumAra varmA - pR0 360 106. kRSNa kathA koza - DaoN0 rAmacaraNa gaur3a - pR0 139-140 107. Adhunika kRSNa kAvya meM paurANika AkhyAna - DaoN0 rAmazaraNa gaur3a - pR0 51 108. Adhunika kRSNa kAvya meM paurANika AkhyAna - DaoN0 rAmazaraNa gaur3a - pR0 52 109. raviSeNa kRta padmapurANa aura tulasIkRta rAmacarita mAnasa - DaoN0 ramAkAnta zukla - pR0 9 110. hindutva - rAmadAsa gaur3a - pRSTha 411 111. jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 14 112. jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 15 . 113. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina - pR0 381 114. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - nAthUrAma premI - pR0 140 -

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115. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - nAthUrAma premI - pR0 140 . 116. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - nAthUrAma premI - pR0 412 / 117. jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 27 118. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI - pR0 250 / / 119. raidhU sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana - rAjArAma jaina - pR0 180-207 120. jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 30 121. jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 32 . 122. pradyumna caritra - chanda 539-41 * 123. rAjasthAna ke jaina kavi - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DaoN0 kastUracandaM kAsalIvAla - pR0 85 124. jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 35. 125. eka prati zrI pallIvAla digambara jaina mandira pUliyAgaMja AgarA meM upalabdha hai| jisakI pratilipi saMvat 1808 kI hai| dUsarI prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM hai jisakI pratilipi saMvat 1659 kI hai| 126. jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 39-40 127. jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 18 se 23 . VIN %

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1. AcArya jinasena : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva jaina vidvAnoM dvArA prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza Adi vibhinna bhASAoM meM vizAla sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| inhoMne na kevala dharma-siddhAnta varan AcAra, stotra, nIti, pUjA-pATha, kAvya, purANa, darzana, adhyAtma, kathA-sAhitya, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, gaNita evaM maMtra-zAstra jaise vibhinna viSayoM para bhI apanI lekhanI calAkara jaina sAhityAgAra ko samRddha banAyA hai parantu durbhAgya se bhAratIya vidvAnoM dvArA ina granthoM kI tarapha vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| Aja bhI saikar3oM nahIM, hajAroM grantha aprakAzita par3e haiN| ___ "jainoM ke ina zAstrAgAroM meM saMskRta bhASA ke saikar3oM utkRSTa grantha saMgrahita par3e haiM jinake AdhAra para sAhityika jagata ke nahIM kintu itihAsa, saMskRti evaM kalA ke bhI naye pRSTha khula sakate haiM evaM jinakA adhyayana bhAratIya sAhitya ke lie eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi siddha ho sakatI hai|"2 . . ina jaina sAhityakAroM ne prAkRta evaM apabhraMza kI apekSA saMskRta meM "purANa-sAhitya" atyadhika likhA hai, jinakA jaina samAja meM vizeSa ullekhanIya, prazaMsanIya evaM lokapriya sthAna rahA hai| pichale eka hajAra varSoM se bhI adhika samaya se inakA paThana-pAThana tathA svAdhyAya kA kArya jaina-jagata meM ho rahA hai| jainoM ke isa purANa sAhitya meM inake sampradAya meM varNita tiresaTha zalAkApuruSoM tathA anya viziSTa puNyAtmAoM ko ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| vaise to purANa saMjJaka aneka grantha jaina samAja meM prakhyAta rahe haiM parantu ina purANoM meM mahApurANa, padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa tathA pANDavapurANa ko sarvAdhika khyAti milI hai| mahApurANa ke AdipurANa tathA uttarapurANa ke do bhAga haiN| kAvya, carita-kathA evaM nATaka jaisI aneka carita-pradhAna kRtiyoM kA mUla srota isI purANa sAhitya meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, hindI evaM aneka bhAratIya bhASAoM meM ye purANa grantha nirUpita haiM parantu jainoM ke saMskRta bhASA meM likhe mahattvapUrNa, lokapriya tathA vizeSa ullekhita purANa-grantha nimna haiM1. AdipurANa jinasenAcArya 2. AdipurANa aruNamaNi ... 3. uttarapurANa guNabhadAcArya

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* 4. padmapurANa raviSeNAcArya padmapurANa bhaTTAraka somasena padmapurANa dharmakIrti pANDavapurANa bra0 jinadAsa 8. pANDavapurANa bhaTTAraka zubhacandra munisuvratapurANa bra0 kRSNadAsa 10. harivaMzapurANa jinasenAcArya 11. harivaMzapurANa bra0 jinadAsaM 12. harivaMzapurANa paNDita nemidatta 13. harivaMzapurANa bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa 14. vimalanAthapurANa bra0 kRSNadAsa ina purANoM kA sAhitya jagata meM apanA anUThA sthAna hai| kozakAroM ne purANoM ke ... pAMca lakSaNa mAne haiM arthAt purANa vaha hai jisameM sRSTi, pralaya, vaMza, manvantara aura vaMzoM kI paramparAoM kA varNana hai| ina pA~coM lakSaNoM kI vizada vyAkhyA bhAgavatapurANa meM bhI spaSTa dRSTigocara hotI hai| ina pA~coM lakSaNoM kA nirvAha karate hue jaina purANa apane-apane kAla ke vizva-koza haiN| inameM nAnA kathAnakoM, tatkAlIna dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika sthiti tathA usa samaya kI saMskRti kA sundara nirUpaNa huA hai| isake sAtha-sAtha tatkAlIna rahanasahana, khAna-pAna, vezabhUSA, jAti-vyavasthA, jIvanAdarza ityAdi ke sambandha meM bhI savistAra carcA kI gaI hai| ye grantha purANa nAma se prasiddha hone ke bAvajUda bhI manorama kAvya-grantha haiM jinameM jIvana-maraNa, vivAha, utsava, santAnotpatti, jalakrIr3A, vana-krIr3A, saMyoga-viyoga, AkramaNa, zAMti ityAdi ke citraNa milate haiN| isake sAtha-sAtha purANakAroM ne ina granthoM meM jaina darzana kA nirUpaNa bhI bar3I sahajatA ke sAtha kiyA hai, jo ullekhya hai| jainoM kI saMskRta purANa-paramparA meM jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa ko ullekhanIya evaM mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| isa purANa kA prabhAva jainoM kI aneka purANa Adi kRtiyoM para spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| aise prasiddha grantha ke racayitA jinasenAcArya kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva hama isa pariccheda meM dekheNge| AcArya jinasena-vyaktitva :___ jaina-samAja meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara, do prasiddha sampradAya haiN| AcArya jinasena svAmI digambara-sampradAya se sambandhita muni the| inhoMne svayaM apane grantha meM apane saMgha =660

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kA paricaya diyA hai ki ye "punnATa-saMgha" ke AcArya the evaM inake guru kA nAma "kIrtiSeNa" tathA dAdA guru kA nAma "jayasena" thaa| inakA samayakAla vikrama saMvat 800 se 900 ke bIca kA mAnA jAtA hai| jinasena ke janma, mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna, zikSA-dIkSA ke sambandha meM jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai parantu inakA "punnATa saMgha" karnATaka se sambandhita thA jisake bAre meM aneka vidvAnoM ne apane mata prakaTa kie haiN| punnATa saMgha :- jinasena svAmI punATa-saMgha-paramparA meM hue the, jaisA ki grantha prazasti se vidita hotA hai| vyutsRssttaaprsNghsNttibRhtpunnaattsNghaanvye||64/54 "hariSeNa svAmI ne apane kathAkoSa meM likhA hai ki bhadrabAhusvAmI ke AjJAnusAra unakA sArA saMgha candragupta yA vizAkhAcArya ke sAtha dakSiNApatha "punnATa" deza meM gyaa| dakSiNApatha kA yaha "punnATa" "karnATaka" hI hai|". vAmana zivarAma ApTe ne bhI apane saMskRta iMgliza koza meM punnATa kA artha "karnATaka" deza diyA hai| kaI saMskRta kozoM meM "nATa" zabda bhI milatA hai| usakA artha bhI "karnATaka" kiyA gayA hai| ataH nATa tathA punnATa donoM zabda paryAya hai jinakA artha karnATaka hotA hai| prasiddha bhUgolavettA "TAlemI" ne punnATa ko paunnaTa nAma se ullekhita kiyA haiM jisakA artha bhI karnATaka hotA hai| kannar3a sAhitya meM bhI punnATa rAjya kI pracuratA ke sAtha ullekha milatA hai| isa deza ke jaina-muni saMgha kA nAma punnATa saMgha thaa| vartamAna maisUra jile kI "hoggeDavankoTa" nAma kI tahasIla meM kittura nAma kA grAma hai jisakA prAcIna nAma "kIrtipura" thaa| yahI. punnATa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI thaa| punnATa nAma se hI vahA~ kA muni saMgha "punnATa saMgha" se prasiddha thaa| dezoM ke nAma ko dhAraNa karane vAle aura bhI kaI saMgha prasiddha haiM, jaise dravir3a deza kA saMgha "dravir3a saMgha" mathurA kA mAthura saMgha aadi| punnATa kI rAjadhAnI kittura hone ke kAraNa yaha saMgha kittura saMgha bhI kahalAtA thaa| zravaNabelagolA ke 194 veM nambara ke zilAlekha (jo zaka saMvat 622 ke lagabhaga likhA huA hai) meM kittura saMgha kA ullekha hai| prophesara hIrAlAla ise punnATa saMgha kA hI dUsarA nAma hone kA anumAna karate haiM jo sarvathA ThIka haiN| - "punATa" zabda kA eka artha nAgakesara bhI hotA hai| "dI-sTeNDarDa saMskRta iMgliza DikzanarI" ke sampAdaka ela.Ara. vaidya ne punnATa saMgha kA artha nAgakesara kiyA hai| "karnATaka prAnta meM nAgakesara hotI hai| vahA~ nAgakesara ke jaMgala ke jaMgala najara Ane ke kAraNa isa deza ko punnATa saMgha kI saMjJA prApta huI hogii|"6 -

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digambara-sampradAya evaM harivaMzapurANa : AcArya jinasena kRta "harivaMzapurANa" digambara sampradAya ke purANa sAhitya meM apanA mUrdhanya sthAna rakhatA hai| vivecanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se isakA pramukha sthAna hai parantu jaina saMskRta purANoM meM samaya kI dRSTi se isakA sarA sthAna hai| pahalA raviSeNAcArya kA "padmacarita" dUsarA jaTAsiMhanandi kA "varAMgacaritra" aura tIsarA yh| AcArya jinasena ne bhI apane grantha meM raviSeNa ke "padma-purANa" kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai : kRtapadmodayodyotA pratyahaM privrtitaa| mUrtiH kAvyamayI loke raveriva raveH priyaaH|| 1/34 isake alAvA "pArvAbhyudaya" grantha ke kartA jinasena svAmI kA ullekha bhI hArevaMzapurANa ke prathama sarga meM milatA hai, jinhoMne mahApurANa kI racanA kii| isa tathya se harivaMzapurANa mahApurANa se paravartI honA caahie| parantu vAstava meM harivaMzapurANa meM jinasena (prathama) ke "pArvAbhyudaya" grantha kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, mahApurANa kI carcA kahIM para bhI nahIM hai| ye donoM kavi samakAlIna the, parantu harivaMzapurANa kI racanA ke samaya isa mahApurANa kI racanA nahIM huI hogI, kyoMki mahApurANa jinasena (prathama) ke jIvana kI antima racanA hai tathA vaha bhI unake dvArA pUrNa na hone ke kAraNa unake paTTaziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne use pUrNa kiyA thaa| isalie harivaMzapurANa-kAra ne isa grantha kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hogaa| harivaMzapurANakAra jinasena, AdipurANakartA jinasena se bhinna : harivaMzapurANa-kartA jinasena evaM AdipurANa ke racayitA jinasena kA nAma-sAmya tathA samakAlIna hone ke kAraNa kaI vidvAnoM ne ina donoM vyaktiyoM ko eka hI samajha liyA hai parantu kaI vidvAnoM ne ina donoM kaviyoM ko bhinna-bhinna svIkAra kiyA hai| inakA vyaktitva, guruparamparA tathA inakI kRtiyA~ Adi kA avalokana karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki donoM alaga-alaga muni the| nAma-sAmya ke alAvA inakA koI sambandha nahIM thaa| DaoN0 premacanda jaina ne ina donoM kaviyoM kA pArthakya nimna binduoM ke AdhAra para bhalI-bhA~ti kiyA hai| (1) donoM ke guru bhinna-bhinna the| harivaMzapurANa ke kartA jinasena ke guru kA nAma kIrtiSepa tathA dAdA guru kA nAma jayasena thA jabaki AdipurANa ke racayitA jinasena svAmI ke guru kA nAma vIrasena tathA dAdA guru kA nAma AryanaMdi thaa| isa prakAra donoM manISiyoM kI guru-paramparA alaga-alaga thii| (2) harivaMzapurANakAra jinasenAcArya "punnATasaMgha" ke AcArya the tathA AdipurANa ke kartA jinasena "senasaMgha" yA "paMcastUpAnvaya" ke AcArya the|

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(3) harivaMzapurANakAra jinasena svAmI ne apane purANa ke prathama adhyAya meM 39-40 veM zloka meM "pArvAbhyudaya" ke kartA jinasena tathA unake guru vIrasena kI stuti kI hai ..jitAtmaparalokaptya kavInAM ckrvrtinH| vIrasenaguroH kiirtirklNkaavbhaaste||1/39 yAmitA'bhyudaye pArzve jitendrgunnsNstutiH||1/40 isase donoM kA pRthakkaraNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai kyoMki pArzvabhyudaya ke kartA jinasena hI AdipurANa ke kartA the| (4) donoM granthoM ke vistRta acAna-panana se bhI bhalI-bhA~ti samajha meM A jAtA hai ki inake racayitA bhinna-bhinna the| harivaMzapurANa meM tInoM lokoM kA, saMgIta kA, vratavidhAna Adi kA jo bIca-bIca meM vistRta varNana milatA hai, jisase kathA ke saundarya meM hAni pahu~cI hai, jabaki AdipurANa meM inake vistAra ko chor3akara prasaMgAnusAra saMkSipta meM varNana kiyA hai| kAvya-sauSThava ko dekhane para bhI harivaMzapurANa se mahApurANa utkRSTa racanA dikhAI detI hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ina donoM granthoM ke racayitAoM meM nAmasAmya ke alAvA koI sAmya nahIM hai| ataH donoM alaga-alaga kavi the, isameM tanika bhI sandeha kI guMjAIza nahIM hai| harivaMzapurANa kA racanAkAla : . vaidika evaM paurANika kRtiyoM ke racayitAoM. unakA racanA sthala, racanA kA samaya Adi ke sambandha meM aneka vivAda tathA anizcayAtmaka sthiti pAI jAtI hai| vizeSakara paurANika kRtiyoM meM unake racanAkAla evaM kartA ke nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| jisase unake sambandha meM paryApta jAnakArI prApta karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai lekina jaina sAhityakAroM ne apanI racanAoM meM kAla evaM nirdeza kI pravRtti ko apanAyA hai| inake prasiddha purANoM meM na kevala racayitAoM ke nAma varan racanAkAla kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jisase kisI bhI mahattvapUrNa racanA ke racanAkAla ko jAnane meM kaThinAi nahIM hotii| .' saubhAgya se harivaMzapurANa-kartA : jinasenacArya ne bhI isI sundara pravRtti kA nirvAha karate hue Alocya kRti ke racanAkAla ko iMgita kiyA hai| irivaMzapurANa ke chAsaThaveM sarga ke 52 veM zloka meM grantha ke racanAkAla kA ullekha hai zAkeSvabdazateSu saptasu dizaM pnycottressuuttraaN| pAtIndrAyudhanAmni kRSNanRpaje zrIvallabhe dkssinnaam| pUrvAM zrImadavantibhUbhRti nRpe vtsaadiraaje'praaN| sUryANAmadhimaNDalaM jayayute vIre vraahe'vti|| 66/52 = 69

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inhoMne apanI racanA zaka samvat 705 arthAt vikrama saMvat 840 meM pUrNa kii| kavi dvArA varNita bhaugolika sthiti tathA unakI guru paramparA se bhI yaha bAta nirvivAda sAbita hotI hai| jaina-purANoM kA ullekha karate hue zrI paramAnandajI (jinhoMne jaina jagata meM prakAzita purANoM usake racayitAoM tathA racanAkAla kA ullekha kiyA hai|) ne bhI isI bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki "jinasenAcAryakRta harivaMzapurANa zaka saMvat 705 kI racanA hai|" purANakAra ne apane grantha kI racanA kA samaya zaka saMvat meM diyA hai| zAyada dakSiNa bhArata meM zaka saMvat kA pracalana rahA hogaa| ataH unhoMne vikrama saMvat kA ullekha na karake zaka saMvat ko ullekhita karanA sabhucita samajhA hogaa| harivaMzapurANa kA racanA-sthala :___Alocya kRti meM isa grantha ke racanA-sthala kA bhI kavi ne spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa ke antima sarga meM likhA hai ki isa grantha kA prArambha vardhamAnapura meM nannarAja dvArA nirmita zrI pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM huA thA evaM isakA samApana "dostaTikA" nagara ke bhagavAn zrI zAMtinAthajI ke mandira meM huA : kalyANaiH parivardhamAnavipulazrIvardhamAne pure zrI pAliyanannarAjavasatau paryAptazeSaH puraa| pazcAddostaTikAprajAprajanitaprAjyArcanAvarcane , zAnteH zAntegRhe jinasya racito vaMzo hriinnaamym|| 66/53 ___ isa prakAra harivaMzapurANa kI racanA vardhamAnapura meM huii| jinasenAcArya kA punnATa saMgha se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa kaI vidvAnoM ne "vardhamAnapura" ko karnATaka rAjya meM hone kA bhrama kiyA hai parantu yaha zahara kahA~ thA? isakA abhI taka kucha nirNaya nahIM ho sakA hai| lekina harivaMza meM varNita ullekha ke anusAra yaha vardhamAnapura gujarAta prAnta ke kAThiyAvAr3a meM sthita "var3havANa" hI ucita pratIta hotA hai| vardhamAnapura usa samaya kA eka vizAla nagara thA tathA vahA~ jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kA prAcurya thaa| "AcArya hariSeNa" jinhoMne zaka saMvat 853 arthAt vikrama saMvat 989 meM isI zahara meM "kathA-koza" nAmaka grantha kI racanA kara use pUrNa kiyA thaa| jinasenAcArya ne vardhamAnapura ko "kalyANaiH parivardhamAnavipula zrI" tathA "hariSeNa' ne "kArtasvarApUrNajanAdhivAsaM" kahA hai| "kalyANa" tathA "kArtasvara" donoM zabdoM kA artha suvarNa yA sonA hotA hai| suvarNa ke zabda meM kalyANa zabda saMskRta kozoM meM bhI milatA hai parantu vAGmaya meM isakA vizeSa upayoga nahIM huA hai| donoM ke kathanAnusAra jisameM aneka jaina mandiroM kA samUha thaa| candramA kI cA~danI kI bhA~ti camakate mahala the, sone se paripUrNa jana-nivAsa the, aisA vaha vardhamAna zahara thaa|

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harivaMzapurANa meM vardhamAnapura kI bhaugolika sthiti tathA usa samaya ke AsapAsa ke rAjAoM kA jo varNana milatA hai usake AdhAra para hama yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kareMge ki vardhamAnapura ko.kAThiyAvAr3a kA "var3havANa" mAnanA kahA~ taka nyAya saMgata hai? jinasenAcArya ne harivaMzapurANa ke antima sarga ke 52 va 53 veM zloka meM vardhamAnapura kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki "sAta sau pA~ca zaka saMvat meM jabaki uttara dizA kA indrAyudha, dakSiNa kA kRSNarAja kA putra zrIvallabha, pUrvadizA kA zrImAn avantirAja tathA pazcima kA sauroM ke adhimaNDala saurASTra kA vIra jayavarAha pAlana karatA thA, taba kalyANoM se nirantara bar3hane vAlI lakSmI se yukta zrI vardhamAnapura meM nannarAja dvArA 'rmita parzvanAtha ke mandira meM pahale isa harivaMzapurANa kI racanA prArambha kI gaI thI parantu vahA~ yaha pUrNa nahIM ho skii| paryApta bhAga zeSa bacA rahA taba pIche dostaTikA nagarI kI prajA ke dvArA racita utkRSTa arcana aura pUjA-stuti se yukta vahA~ zrI zAMtinAtha bhagavAn ke zAMtipUrNa mandira meM isakI racanA pUrNa huii|"10 jahA~ taka dostaTikA kA savAla hai to var3havANa se giranAra jAte samaya jo "dottaDi" nAmaka sthAna AtA hai, vahI harivaMza meM ullekhita "dostaTikA" pratIta hotA hai| prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha (gAyakavAr3a sIrija) meM prakAzita amulakRta carcarikA meM eka yAtrI ne bhI giranAra yAtrA ke prasaMga meM "dontar3i" ko "dostaTikA" ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA hai| yaha yAtrI sarvaprathama "var3havANa" pahu~catA hai, phira krama se renadulaI, sahajipura, gaMgilapura tathA lakhamIdharu pahu~catA hai| phira viSama dotADi pahu~cakara bahuta sI nadiyoM tathA pahAr3oM ko pAra karatA huA "karivaMdiyAla" pahu~catA hai| vaha phira anantapura se jAtA huA jhAlaNa meM apanI yAtrA pUrNa karatA hai evaM vahA~ se U~cA giranAra parvata dikhane lagatA hai|11 ____ isa prasaMga se "dostaTikA" ko kAThiyAvAr3a kA dottar3i mAnane meM koI sandeha nahIM rhtaa| vaise punnATa karnATaka kA paryAya zabda hai parantu jaina muniyoM ke vihAra priya hone ke kAraNa saurASTra kI ora Agamana sambhava hai| siddhi kSetra ke giranAra parvata kI vaMdanA ke uddezya se zAyada punnATa saMgha ke muniyoM ne saurASTra kI tarapha prayANa kiyA hogaa| jinasena ne apanI guru paramparA meM amitasena ko punnATa saMgha kA agraNI tathA zatavarSajIvI batAyA hai| isase bhI yaha pratIta hotA hai ki yaha saMgha amitasena ke netRtva meM hI punnATa pradeza chor3akara saurASTra kI tarapha AyA hogA evaM var3havANa jaise tatkAlIna bhavya-zahara meM basa gayA hogaa| . kAThiyAvAr3a ke "var3havANa" ko hI harivaMzapurANa kA racanA sthala mAnane para ukta cAroM dizAoM ke rAjAoM kA mela bhI yukti-saMgata baiThatA hai, anyathA nhiiN|12 - vardhamAnapura ke cAroM ora tatkAlIna rAjAoM kA vivaraNa adholikhita prakAra se hai - - -

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(1) indrAyudha : prasiddha itihAsavettA gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA ne likhA hai ki indrAyudha evaM cakrAyudha kisa vaMza ke the, yaha jJAta nahIM huA, parantu sambhava hai ki ve rAThaur3a hoN| . lekina sva0 cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya ne inheM maNDikula kA kahA hai| isa maNDikula ko varmavaMza bhI kahA jAtA hai| isI indrAyudha ke putra cakrAyudha se pratihAravaMzI rAjA vatsarAja ke putra nAgabhaTTa dUsare ne vikrama saMvat 857 meM kannauja kA rAjya chinA thaa| harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra indrAyudha var3havANa se uttara kI ora thaa| bar3havANa ke uttara meM mAravAr3a pradeza par3atA hai arthAt indrAyudha kA sAmrAjya mAravAr3a se lekara kannauja taka phailA huA vizAla rAjya thaa| (2) zrIvallabha : yaha dakSiNa ke rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjA kRSNa (prathama) kA putra thaa| isakA prasiddha nAma govinda (dvitIya) thaa| kAvI meM mile tAmrapatra5 meM ise govinda na likhakara "vallabha" hI batAyA hai parantu isameM saMdeha nahIM ki yaha govinda (dvitIya) hI thA tathA vardhamAnapura ke dakSiNa dizA meM isakA sAmrAjya phailA huA thaa| zaka saMvat 692 (vi0saM0 827) kA arthAt harivaMza kI racanA se 13 varSa pahale kA isakA "tAmrapatra"16 bhI milA hai| (3) avantibhUbhRt vatsarAja : yaha pratihAra vaMza kA rAjA thA aura usa nAgAvaloka yA nAgabhaTTa dUsare kA pitA thA jisane cakrAyudha ko parAsta kiyA thaa| vatsarAja ne gaur3a tathA baMgAla ke rAjAoM ko bhI parAsta kiyA thA aura unake do zveta chatra chIna liye the| Age ina chatroM ko rASTrakUTa govinda (dvitIya) yA zrIvallabha ke choTe bhAI dhruvarAja ne car3hAI kara vatsarAja se chInakara use mAravAr3a kI tarapha bhAgane para majabUra kiyA thaa| ojhAjI ne likhA hai ki ukta vatsarAja ne mAlave ke rAjA para car3hAI kI aura mAlavarAja ko bacAne ke lie lie dhruvarAja ne usa para car3hAI kara dii| 705 meM to mAlavA vatsarAja ke hI adhikAra meM thA kyoMki dhruvarAja kA rAjyArohaNa kAla zaka saMvat 707 ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| usake pahale 705 meM to govinda dvitIya hI rAjA thA aura isalie usake bAda hI dhruvarAja ne ukta AkramaNa kiyA hogaa| "kuvalayamAlA' ke racayitA "udyota na sUri" ne jAbAlipura yA jAlaura (mAravAr3a) meM, zaka saMvat 700 meM jaba eka dina bAkI thA usa samaya ukta racanA kI samApti kI thii| usa samaya vahA~ vatsarAja kA rAjya thaa| isa prakAra "harivaMza" kI racanA ke samaya to uttaradizA kA mAravAr3a indrAyudha ke adhikAra meM thA tathA pUrva kA mAlavA vatsarAja ke adhIna thaa|

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aisA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki vatsarAja ne mAravAr3a se Akara hI mAlavA para kabjA kiyA hogA tathA bAda meM dhruvarAja ke AkramaNa ke samaya para vaha phira mAravAr3a kI tarapha bhAga gayA hogaa| "avantikA" bhI var3havANa se pUrva dizA meM sthita hai parantu usa samaya vahA~ kauna rAjA thA, usakA patA nahIM calatA hai ki jisakI sahAyatA ke lie dhruvarAja daur3A thaa| dhruvarAja zaka saMvat 707 ke AsapAsa gaddI para baiThA thaa| isa prakAra yaha jJAta hotA hai ki harivaMza kI racanA ke samaya uttara meM indrAyudha, dakSiNa meM zrIvallabha tathA pUrva meM vatsarAja kA rAjya honaH ucita pratIta hotA hai| (4) vIra jayavarAha : yaha pazcima meM sauroM ke adhimaNDala kA rAjA thaa| sauroM ke adhimaNDala kA artha saurASTra se kiyA jAtA hai jo kAThiyAvAr3a var3havANa se dakSiNa meM hai| "saura" logoM kA rASTra saura-rASTra thaa| saurASTra se var3havANa aura usake pazcima kI ora kA pradeza hI granthakartA ko abhISTa hai| yaha rAjA kisa vaMza kA thA, isake bAre meM ThAka patA nahIM calatA parantu kaI vidvAnoM ne inheM cAlukya vaMza kA rAjA svIkAra kiyA hai| inake nAma ke Age "varAha" kA prayoga isI taraha hotA hogA, jisa taraha kIrtivarmA (dvitIya) ke sAtha mahAvarAha kaa| rASTrakUToM ke pahale cAlukya sArvabhauma rAjA the tathA kAThiyAvAr3a para bhI inakA adhikAra thaa| unakA yaha sArvabhaumatva zaka saMvat 675 ke lagabhaga rASTrakUToM ne chInA thA, isaliye jyAdA sambhava yahI hai ki harivaMza kI racanA ke samaya saurASTra para cAlukya vaMza kI hI kisI zAkhA kA adhikAra ho aura isI ko taba "varAha" likhA ho| pUrA nAma jayasiMha ho aura varAha usakA vishessnn| pratihAra rAjA "mahIpAla" ke samaya kA eka dAnapatra haDAlA gA~va (kAThiyAvAr3a) meM zaka saMvat 836 kA milA hai| usase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya var3havANa meM "dharaNIvarAha" kA adhikAra thA jo cAvar3A vaMza kA thaa| una pratihAroM kA karada rAjA thaa| isase yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki zAyada "jayavarAha" unake cAra chaH pIr3hI kA pUrvaja rahA hogaa|8 . kAThiyAvAr3a ke var3havANa meM punnATa saMgha : . vaise jaina munijanoM meM sarvatra vihAra karane kI pravRtti paramparA se calI A rahI hai| lekina sudUra karnATaka se uparyukta "punnATa saMgha" kA kAThiyAvAr3a meM pahu~canA tathA vahA~ kaI varSoM taka sthAI rahanA asAdhAraNa pratIta hotA hai| isakA sambandha dakSiNa ke cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ke kAraNa hI jAna par3atA hai, jinakA zAsana gujarAta tathA kAThiyAvAr3a para bahuta samaya taka rahA tathA unakI jaina-dharma para asIma kRpA dRSTi rhii| aneka cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ne tathA unake mANDalikoM ne jaina muniyoM ko dAna diye haiM aura Adara kiyA hai| unake bahuta se amAtya, maMtrI, senApati ityAdi jaina dharma ke anuyAyI rahe haiN| - -

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aisI dazA meM yaha svAbhAvika hai ki punnATa saMgha ke kucha muni una logoM kI prArthanA yA anugraha se sudUra kAThiyAvAr3a taka phuNce| "hariSeNa" taka yaha saMgha kAThiyAvAr3a meM rahA usake bAda meM isakA kAThiyAvAr3a meM rahane kA koI patA nahIM calA hai| harivaMzapurANa ke aMtima sarga meM kavi ne vardhamAnapura (var3havANa) meM nannarAja vasati yA usake kisI vaMzadhara ke dvArA banavAye gaye jaina mandira kA ullekha hai|9 kannar3a meM nakAra ke prayogoM kI dRSTi se yaha nannarAja nAma bhI "kannar3a" kA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki isa nAma ko dhAraNa karane vAle kucha rASTrakUTa rAjA bhI hue haiN| ina rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ke prasiddha nAmoM ke sAtha unake gharU nAma kucha aura bhI rhte| jaise-kanna, kannara, aNNa, bauddaNa, tuuMga, baddiga aadi| yaha nAma bhI aisA hI gharelu nAma jAna par3atA hai|21 "punnATa saMgha" kA ina do granthoM ke sivAya abhI taka aura kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| karnATaka prAnta kA yaha saMgha thA parantu vahA~ ke zilAlekha ityAdi meM bhI isakA ullekha nahIM milA hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki punnATa (karnATaka) se bAhara jAne para hI saMgha "punnATa saMgha" kahalAyA jisa prakAra ki Ajakala koI eka sthAna ko chor3akara dUsare sthAna meM jAkara rahate haiM taba vaha apane pUrva sthAna vAlA kahalAne lagatA hai| jaisemAravAr3a ke loga jaba gujarAta, mahArASTra ityAdi meM rahane para vahA~ ve mAravAr3I kahalAne lagate haiN| purANakAra jinasena svAmI ne samIpavartI giranAra kI siMhavAhinI mA~ ambAdevI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai tathA use vighnoM kA nAza karane vAlI zAsanadevI batalAyA hai| gRhItacakrA'praticakradevatA tthorjyntaalysiNhvaahinii| zivAya yasminiha sanidhIyate va tatra vighnAH prabhAvanti shaasne||66/44 isase yaha patA calatA hai ki usa samaya meM bhI giranAra parvata para ambAdevI kA prasiddha mandira rahA hogaa| uparyukta tathyoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha vardhamAnapura saurASTra kA prasiddha zahara var3havANa hI hai, jahA~ jinasena ne pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM uparyukta prasiddha grantha kI racanA kii| jinasena dvArA nirdiSTa pUrvavartI vidvAn : AcArya jinasena ne apane pUrvavartI aneka grantha-kartAoM tathA vidvAnoM kA nAma smaraNa karate hue kRtajJatA prakaTa karane ke lie unakI prazaMsA kI hai| nimnAMkita padyoM meM kaI AcAryoM tathA kaviyoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| jIvasiddhividhAyIha kRtyuktynushaasnm| vacaH samantabhadrasya vIrasyeva vijRmbhte||1/29 .

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jagatprasiddhabodhasya vRSabhasyeva nistussaaH| bodhayanti satAM buddhiM siddhasenasya suuktyH|| 30 indrcndraarkjainendrvyaapivyaakrnnekssinnH| devasya devavandyasya na vandyante giraH kthm|| 31 vajrasUrervicAriNyaH shetvorbndhmokssyoH| pramANaM dharmazAstrANAM prvktRnnaamivoktyH|| 32 mahAsenasya madhurA shiilaalNkaardhaarinnii| kathA na varNitA kena vaniteva sulocnaa|| 33 kRtapadmodayodyotA pratyahaM privrtitaa| mUrtiH kAvyamayI loke raveriva raveH priyaaH|| 34 varAMganeva sarvAMgairvarAMgacaritArthavAk / kasya notpAdayed gADhamanurAgaM svgocrm|| 35 zAntasyApi ca vakroktI rmyotprekssaablaanmnH| kasya nodghATite'nvarthe rmnniiye'nurNjyet|| 36 yo'zeSoktivizeSeSu vizeSaH pdygdyyoH| vizeSavAditA tasya vishesstryvaadinH|| 37 AkUpAraM yazo loke prbhaacndrodyojvlm| guroH kumArasenasya vicrtyjitaatmkm|| 38 jitAtmaparalokasya kavInAM ckrvrtinH| vIrasenaguroH kiirtirklNkaavbhaaste|| 39 yA'mitAbhyudaye pArzve jinendrgunnsNstutiH| svAmino jinasenasya kIrtiM sNkiirtysysau|| 40 vrdhmaanpuraannodydaadityoktigmaastyH| . prasphuranti giriishaantH-sphuttsphttikbhittissu|| 1/41 . harivaMzapurANakAra ne ina padyoM meM jina AcArya-kaviyoM kA varNana kiyA hai unakA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra se hai(1) samantabhadra :. jaina sAhitya meM svAmI samantabhadra prathama saMskRta kavi aura stutikAra haiN| ye kavi hone ke sAtha prakANDa dArzanika aura gambhIra cintaka bhI the| samantabhadra kSatriya-rAjaputra the| inake janma kA nAma zAntivarmA thA kintu bAda meM Apa 'samantabhadra' isa prasiddha evaM

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zrutimadhura nAma se loka meM prasiddha hue| inake guru kA nAma tathA inakI guru paramparA abhI taka jJAta nahIM hai| vAdI, vAgmI tathA kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha stutikAra hone kI khyAti bhI Apako prApta hai| Apa darzanazAstra ke taladraSTA aura vilakSaNa pratibhA sampanna the| eka paricaya padya meM to Apako daivajJa, vaidya, mAntrika aura tAntrika hone ke sAtha AjJAsiddha tathA siddha-sArasvata bhI batalAyA hai ! ApakI garjanA se sabhI vAdI-jana kA~pate the| Apane aneka dezoM meM vihAra kiyA tathA aneka vAdiyoM ko parAjita kara unheM sanmArga dikhaayaa| ApakI upalabdha kRtiyA~ bhI jaina sAhitya meM prasiddha rahI haiM ve haiM--bRhatsvayaMbhU stotra, yuktyanuzAsana, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, AptamImAMsA, stutividyA, devAgama stotra, jIvasiddhi, tatvAnuzAsana, prAkRta-vyAkaraNa, pramANa-padArtha, karmaprAbhRtaTIkA, gandhahasti mhaabhaassy|22. (2) siddhasena : jinasena dvArA ullekhita siddhasena ko zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ apanA mAnatI haiN| siddhasena kA samaya vikrama saMvat 625 ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| unake dvArA likhita do granthoM kA hI abhI taka patA calA hai ve do racanAyeM "sanmatisUtra" tathA "kalyANamandira stotra" haiN| siddhasena nAmaka eka se adhika vidvAn hue haiN| sanmati sUtra tathA kalyANa mandira stotra jaise jaina granthoM ke racayitA digambara sampradAya meM hue haiN| inake sAtha divAkara vizeSaNa nahIM haiM parantu divAkara vizeSaNa zvetAmbara sampradAya meM hue siddhasena ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai jinakI kucha dvAtriMzikAe~, nyAyAvatAra Adi racanAe~ haiN|23 (3) devanandi : devanandi pUjyapAda kA yaha dUsarA nAma hai| AcArya jinasena ne apane AdipurANa meM inakI stuti karate hue likhA hai ki jo kaviyoM meM tIrthaMkara ke samAna the athavA jinhoMne kaviyoM kA patha pradarzana karane ke lie lakSaNa grantha kI racanA kI thI tathA jinakA vacanarUpI tIrtha vidvAnoM ke zabda-sambandhI doSoM ko naSTa karane vAlA hai aise una devanandi AcArya kA kauna varNana kara sakatA hai?24 ___AcArya jinasena (prathama) ne pUjyapAda kA smaraNa karate kahA hai ki "jo indra, candra, arka aura jainendra vyAkaraNa kA avalokana karane vAlI hai, aisI devavandya devanandi kI vANI kyoM nahIM vandanIya hai|" . inakA jIvana paricaya candrayya kavi ke 'pUjyapAda carita' tathA devacandra ke "rAjavalikathe" nAmaka granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| zravaNavelagolA ke zilAlekhoM meM inake nAmoM ke sambandha meM ullekha milate haiN| inheM buddhi kI prakharatA ke kAraNa jinendrabuddhi tathA devoM ke dvArA caraNoM kI pUjA kiye jAne se pUjyapAda kahA gayA hai| aba taka

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Apake dezabhakti, janmAbhiSeka, tattvArthavRtti (sarvArthasiddhi) samAdhitantra, ISTopadeza, jainendra vyAkaraNa, siddhipriyastotra ye sAta grantha upalabdha ho sake haiN| (4) vajrasUri : paM0 nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra ye devanandi yA pUjyapAda ke ziSya the|25 jinasena ne inake vicAroM ko pravaktAoM yA gaNadhara-devoM ke samAna pramANabhUta batalAyA hai aura unake kisI aise grantha kI ora saMketa kiyA hai jisameM bandha tathA mokSa kA sahetuka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| "darzanasAra" ke ullekhAnusAra Apa chaThI zatI ke prArambha ke vidvAn Thaharate (5) mahAsena : jinasenAcArya ne Apako "sulocanAkathA" kA kartA batalAyA hai| inake bAre meM viziSTa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| (6) raviSeNa : jaina paurANika kathA-granthoM ke racayitAoM meM raviSeNAcArya kA nAma bhI prasiddha rahA hai| inheM sArasvatAcAryoM meM ginA jAtA hai| ye senasaMgha yA gaNagaccha ke the| inhoMne apane paurANika grantha padmapurANa kI samApti meM nirdeza kiyA hai ki "bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa prApta karane ke 1203 varSa 6 mAha pazcAt padmamuni kA yaha carita nibaddha kiyaa| isase inakI yaha racanA saMvat (I0saM0 677) meM pUrNa huI thii| vIra nirvANa saMvat kArtika kRSNa amAvasyA saMvat 469 pUrva se hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mokSa jAne kI paramparA pracalita hai| isa prakAra chaH mAha kA samaya aura jor3ane para vaizAkha zukla pakSa vikrama saMvat 734 racanA tithi AtI hai|"26 (7) jaTAsiMhanandi :__jaina paurANika kAvya ke nirmAtAoM meM jaTAcArya kA nAma bhI prasiddha hai| jinasena, udyotanasUri Adi prAcIna AcAryoM ne jaTAsiMha nandi kI prazaMsA kI hai| jinasena ne inakA nAmollekha na kara inakeM "varAMgacarita" kA ullekha kiyA hai| inakA samAdhimaraNa "koppaNa" meM huA thaa| "koppaNa" ke samIpa "pallava kI guNDu" nAmaka pahAr3I para inake caraNa cihna bhI aMkita haiM aura unake nIce do paMktiyoM kA purAnI kannar3a bhASA kA eka lekha bhI utkIrNa hai| jise "cApyaya" nAma ke vyakti ne taiyAra karAyA thaa| inakI eka mAtra kRti "varAMgacarita" DaoN0 e0esa0 upAdhyAya dvArA sampAdita hokara mANikyacandra grantha mAlA bambaI se prakAzita ho cukI hai| upAdhyAyajI ne jaTAsiMha nandi kA samaya 7 vIM zatI 'nizcita kiyA hai|

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(8) zAnta : ApakA pUrA nAma zAMtiSeNa jAna par3atA hai| ApakI utprekSA alaMkAra se yukta vakroktiyoM kI prazaMsA purANakAra ne kI hai| zAyada ApakA koI prasiddha kAvya grantha hogaa| jinasenAcArya kI guru-paramparA meM bhI jayasena se pUrva eka zAMtiSeNa AcArya kA nAmollekha AtA hai| sambhava hai ki ye zAMta kavi vahI zAMtiSeNa ho ! (9) vizeSavAdi : inake kisI gadya-padya maya grantha kI uktiyoM kI bahuta vizeSatA kA varNana karate jinasenAcArya ne inakA ullekha kiyA hai| "pArzvanAtha carita" ke racayitA "vAdirAja" ne bhI inakA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki unakI racanAoM ko sunakara anAyAsa hI paNDita jana vizeSAbhyudaya ko prApta kara lete haiN|28 (10) kumArasena guru : jinakI yazaHprabhA candra ke samAna ujjvala aura samudra paryanta vistRta hai, aise "candrodaya" granthaM ke racayitA prabhAcandra Apake guru the| ApakA nirmala suyaza samudrAnta vicaraNa karatA thaa| inakA samaya nizcita nahIM hai| "cAmuNDarAyapurANa" ke padya naM0 15 meM bhI ApakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| (11) vIrasena guru : - harivaMzapurANakAra ne kavi cakravartI ke rUpa meM vIrasena kA smaraNa kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki jinhoMne svapakSa aura parapakSa ke logoM ko jIta liyA hai tathA jo kaviyoM meM cakravartI hai aise vIrasena svAmI kI nirmala kIrti prakAzita ho rahI hai|30 AcArya vIrasena na kevala siddhAnta ke pAraMgata vidvAn the varan gaNita, nyAya, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa Adi viSayoM kA bhI marmasparzI jJAna unheM prApta thaa| inakA buddhi-vaibhava atyanta agAdha tathA pANDityapUrNa thaa| vIrasena ke ziSya jinasena ne apane "AdipurANa" meM inakI "kavivRndAraka" kaha kara stuti kI hai| . vIrasena "paMcAstupAnya" ke AcArya candrasena ke praziSya aura Aryanandi ke ziSya tathA mahApurANa Adi prasiddha granthoM ke racayitA jinasena ke guru the| Apa SaTkhaMDAgama para bahattara hajAra zloka pramANa dhavalA TIkA tathA "kaSAyaprAbhRta' para bIsa hajAra zloka "jayadhavalA TIkA" likhakara divaMgata hue haiN| jinasena ne unheM kaviyoM kA cakravartI tathA apane-Apake dvArA paraloka vijetA kahakara suzobhita kiyA hai| ApakA samaya vikrama kI 9vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha hai| - - %DED

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(12) jinasena svAmI : Apa vIrasena svAmI ke ziSya the| harivaMzapurANakAra jinasena ne Apake "pArzvabhyudaya" grantha kI hI carcA kI hai jabaki Apa mahApurANa tathA kaSAya-prAbhRta kI avaziSTa cAlIsa hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA ke bhI kartA haiN| __ aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye jinasena ke samakAlIna the tathA harivaMzapurANa kI racanA ke samaya inhoMne "pArthAbhyudaya" kI hI racanA kI hogii| jayadhavalA aura mahApurANa kI racanA ApakI aMtima racanA kahI jAtI hai, jise svayaM pUrA na karane se unake suyogya ziSya guNabhadra ne pUrA kiyaa| ApakA samaya 9vIM zatI hai| ye harivaMzapurANakAra jinasena ke samaya meM hI hue the| (13) vardhamAnapurANa ke kartA : jinasenAcArya ne vardhamAnapurANa kA to ullekha kiyA hai parantu isake kartA kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai| jAna par3atA hai unake samaya kA koI prasiddha grantha rahA hogA parantu samprati upalabdha nahIM hai| jinasenAcArya kI guru paramparA : jinasena svAmI ne Alocya kRti meM kaI guru-paramparAoM ko vivecita kiyA hai| bhArgava RSi kI ziSya paramparA ke sambandha meM unhoMne likhA hai ki bhArgava kA prathama ziSya Atreya thA, usakA ziSya kauthumi putra thaa| kauthumi kA ayarAvRtta, ayarAvRtta kA sita, sita kA vAmadeva, vAmadeva kA kapiSThala, kapiSThala kA jagasthAmA, jagasthAmA kA saravara, saravara kA zarAsana, zarAsana kA rAvaNa, rAvaNa kA vidrAvaNa aura vidrAvaNa kA putra droNAcArya thaa| jaina purANoM meM yaha paramparA isa rUpa meM kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| harivaMza ke chAsaThaveM sarga meM mahAvIra bhagavAn se lekara lohAcArya taka kI vahI AcArya paramparA dI hai jo zrutAvatAra Adi granthoM meM bhI milatI hai| vahA~ likhA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda 62 varSoM meM tIna kevalI (gautama, sudharmA, jambU) hueN| unake bAda sau varSoM meM pA~ca zrutakevalI (viSNu, nandimitra, aparAjita, govarddhana, bhadrabAhu) hue| taduparAntaM 182 varSoM meM gyAraha dazapUrva ke pAThI (vizAkha, prauSThila, kSatriya, jayanAga, siddhArtha, dhRtasena, vijaya, buddhila, gaMgadeva va dharmasena) hue tathA phira 118 varSa meM samudra jayacanda, yazogAhu tathA lauhArya ye cAra AcArAGgadhArI hue| isa prakAra vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSoM meM ye saba AcArya ho gye| isake bAda mahAtapasvI vinayaMdhara, guptazruti, munIzvara, zivagupta, arhavali, mandarArya, mitravi, baladeva, mitraka, siMhabala, vIravita, padmasena, vyAghrahasta, nAgahastI, jitadaNDa, nandiSeNa, svAmI dIpasena, zrIdharasena, sudharmasena, siMhasena, sunandiSeNa, Izvarasena, abhayasena, siddhasena, abhayasena, bhImasena, jinasena tathA zAMtisena -

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AcArya hue| tadantara akhaNDa maryAdA ke dhAraka, SaTkhaNDoM ke (jIvasthAna, kSudrabandha, bandhasvAmitva, vedanAkhaNDa, vargaNAkhaNDa, mahAbaMdha) ke jJAtA, indriyajIta evaM karmaprakRti rUpa zruti ke dhAraka jayasena nAmaka guru hue| inake ziSya amitasena guru hue jo prasiddha vaiyAkaraNI prabhAvazAlI tathA samasta siddhAntasAgara ke pAragAmI the| ye hI zatAyu punnATa saMgha ke agrasara AcArya tathA parama tapasvI the| inhIM amitasena ke agraja dharmabandhu kIrtiSeNa nAmaka muni the| AcArya jinasena unake hI pradhAna ziSya the jinhoMne harivaMzapurANa kI racanA kI hai|32 vIra nirvANa kI vartamAna kAla gaNanA ke anusAra vikrama saMvat 213 taka lauhArya kA astitva samaya hai tathA usake bAda jinasena kA samaya vi0saM0 840 hai arthAt donoM ke bIca meM yaha jo 627 varSa kA antara hai| jinasena ne isa kAlAvadhi meM 29-30 AcArya batalAye haiN| yadi pratyeka AcArya kA samaya ikkIsa bAIsa varSa ginA jAya to yaha antara lagabhaga ThIka baiThatA hai| ____ dUsarI tarapha vIra nirvANa se lauhArya taka aThThAIsa AcArya batalAye gaye haiM aura saba kA saMyukta kAla 683 varSa kA hai| pratyeka AcArya kA ausata kAla 25 varSa ke lagabhaga par3atA hai| isa taraha donoM kAloM kI ausata lagabhaga samAna baiTha jAtI hai| uparyukta vivecana se yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki vIra nirvANa ke bAda se vikrama saM0 840 kI eka avicchinna akhaNDa paramparA ko isa grantha meM surakSita rakhA hai| aisI paramparA anya kisI bhI grantha meM nahIM dekhI gaI hai ataH isa dRSTi se isa grantha kA paryApta mahattva hai| harivaMzapurANa kA mUlAdhAra : koI bhI kRtikAra kisI grantha kA AdhAra lekara apane grantha kI racanA karatA hai jaise sUrasAgara ko zrImad bhAgavata kA AdhAra lekara banAyA gayA hai| isI taraha se jinasena (prathama) ke "mahApurANa" kA AdhAra "vAgarthasaMgraha" purANa rahA hai| harivaMzapurANa kA bhI kucha na kucha AdhAra avazya rahA hogaa| jinasena ne apane grantha ke antima sarga meM jisa guru-paramparA ko varNita kiyA hai isase jJAta hotA hai ki inake guru "kIrtiSeNa" the| sambhavataH harivaMza kI kathAvastu unheM apane gurujI se prApta huI hogii|33 prasiddha grantha "kuvalayamAlA" ke racayitA udyotanasUri ne (vikrama saMvat 835) jisa taraha raviSeNa ke padmacarita tathA jaTAsiMha nandi ke varAMgacarita kI stuti kI hai usI taraha harivaMzapurANa kI bhI vaMdanA kI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki "maiM hajAroM bandhujanoM ke priya harivaMzotpattikAraka prathama vaMdanIya aura vimalapada harivaMza kI vandanA karatA huuN|"34 yahA~ vimala se harivaMza ke "vimala pada" prayogoM ke sAtha 'vimala kI racanA' yaha dhvani bhI prApta hotI hai| isa dhvani se spaSTa nirdeza hai ki vikrama kI pahalI zatAbdI meM hae =808

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AcArya vimalasUri racita 'paumacariyam' padya caritra kA AdhAra kavi ne liyA hai| yadi aisA hai to harivaMzapurANa kA mUlAdhAra evaM jinasena kI anubhUti kA srota vimalasUri kA grantha paumacariyaM rahA hogaa| ___ harivaMzapurANa kA lokavibhAga evaM zalAkApuruSoM kA varNana trailokyaprajJapti se mela khAtA hai|35 harivaMza kA rAjanaitika varNana "dvAdazAMga" ke anurUpa hai| saMgIta kA varNana bharata muni ke nATyazAstra se anuprakarNita hai tathA darzana evaM tattvoM kA varNana sarvArtha-siddhi tathA tatvArthasUtra ke anukUla hai| kAlidAsa ityAdi kaviyoM kA prabhAva bhI yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya jinasena ne ina saba granthoM kA acchA adhyayana tathA manana kiyA thA, jisase inakA spaSTa prabhAva harivaMzapurANa para paryApta rUpa se par3A hai| jinasenAcArya kI prAmANika kRti harivaMzapurANa :___ AcArya jinasena kI khyAti kA AdhAra unakA prasiddha grantha harivaMzapurANa hai| yaha eka paurANika kathA grantha hai jisakA jaina sAhitya meM mUrdhanya sthAna hai| isa grantha meM jinasenAcArya ne harivaMza kI eka zAkhA yAdavakula meM utpanna tIna zalAkApuruSoM zrI kRSNa, baladeva evaM ariSTanemi kA carita citraNa kiyA hai| jaina paramparAnusAra zrI kRSNa caritra kA kramabaddha rUpa se citraNa karane vAlA yaha prathama kAvya grantha he / vaise to kRSNa caritra vaidika sAhitya se lagAkara Adhunika yuga taka aneka kAvya granthoM meM varNita kiyA gayA hai parantu jainoM kI mAnyatA Agama kAla se bhinna dikhAI detI hai| unake Agama evaM Agametara sAhitya meM isa caritra kA varNana bahutAyata ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| . harivaMzapurANa ke kRSNa na to bhagavAn hai tathA na hI ve bhagavAn ke avatAra haiM parantu ve viziSTa atizayoM se sampanna zalAkApuruSa haiN| ye zalAkApuruSa kAlakramAnusAra janma dhAraNa karate rahate haiN| paramparAnusAra eka kAlakhaNDa meM triSaSTi zalAkApuruSa hote haiN| zrI kRSNa inhIM zalAkApuruSoM meM se "nauveM nArAyaNa" haiN| jinasenAcArya ne apane grantha meM zrI kRSNa evaM jainadharma ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kA citraNa karate hue anya aneka prasaMgopAta kathAnakoM kA sundara gumphana kiyA hai| yaha eka vizAlakAya paurANika kRti hai| isameM kRSNa-caritra ko vistRta rUpa se nirUpita karate hue AcArya jinasena ne kRSNa-janma kI bhaviSyavANI, zrI kRSNa kA janma, pUtanA-vadha, cANUra tathA muSTika-vadha, zrI kRSNa dvArA kaMsa ko mAranA, jarAsaMdha-vadha, zizupAla-vadha, zrI kRSNa ke vivAha, unake putra, unakA vaibhavazAlI rAjya tathA zrI kRSNa kA paramadhAmagamana ke samasta vRttAntoM kA sundara DhaMga se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| neminAtha caritra varNana meM unakA paitRka vaMza, neminAtha kA alaukika-bala, kauravoM-pANDavoM ke yuddha meM neminAtha kI bhUmikA, unakI AdhyAtmikatA, tapa evaM kaivalyajJAna ityAdi kA citraNa milatA hai| isake alAvA pradyumna-caritra tathA pANDava-caritra kA bhI kavi ne yathAprasaMga sundara samAveza dikhAyA hai|

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isa grantha kI viSaya vastu 66 sargoM, ATha adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| purANoM meM sarvaprathama loka ke AkAra kA varNana, phira rAjavaMzoM kI utpatti, tadanantara harivaMza kA avatAra, phira vAsudeva kI ceSTAoM kA kathana, tadanantara neminAtha kA caritra, dvArikA kA nirmANa, yuddha kA varNana tathA nirvANa-ye ATha adhikAra kahe gaye haiN|26 isa vizAlakAya paurANika kRti meM AcArya jinasena ne aneka gaNadharoM kA varNana, kSatriya Adi varNoM kA nirUpaNa, harivaMza kI utpatti, harivaMza meM utpanna andhakavRSTi kA janma tathA usake dasa kumAroM kA varNana, vedoM kI utpatti, rAjA saudAsa kI kathA, baladeva kI utpatti, jarAsaMdha evaM kaMsa kA atyAcAra, vAsudeva-devakI kA vivAha, aMtimukta muni kI bhaviSyavANI, zrI kRSNa kI utpatti, gokula meM unakI bAla ceSTAe~, yamunA meM nAga nAthanA, kaMsa-vadha, ugrasena kA rAjya, satyabhAmA kA pANigrahaNa, jarAsaMdha vadha, dvArikA nagarI kI vaibhavazIlatA, rukmiNI kA haraNa, pradyumna kA janma, zambakumAra kI utpatti, zrI kRSNa kI digvijaya, divya ratnoM kI utpatti, kauravoM kA pANDavoM ke sAtha yuddha, zrI kRSNa ko neminAtha dvArA sAmarthya kA upadeza, neminAtha kI jalakrIr3A, neminAtha kA vivAha-prArambha, pazuoM ko chur3AnA, unakI dIkSA, rAjamati kI tapasyA, neminAtha kA giranAra para ArUr3ha honA, dharmatIrthoM kA vihAra, aneka parijanoM kA neminAtha se dIkSA lenA, dvArikA-vinAza, balarAma tathA kRSNa kA vahA~ se nikalanA, jaratkumAra ke bANa se kRSNa kA avasAna, baladeva kI virakti, pANDavoM kA tapa ke lie vana meM jAnA ityAdi aneka prasaMgoM kA varNana vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| ina samasta prasaMgoM meM kavi ne cakravartiyoM, arddha cakravartiyoM, balabhadroM tathA aneka mahApuruSoM kA caritra citraNa karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| kathA-vastu ke gumphana kI dRSTi se harivaMzapurANa grantha mahAkAvya ke guNoM se guMthA huA uccakoTi kA kAvya grantha hai| isameM kAvya ke samasta rasoM kA sundara citraNa dRSTigocara hotA hai| kaMsavadha, mallayuddha, rukmiNI haraNa, jarAsaMdha-vadha ityAdi prasaMgoM meM vIrarasa kI sundara abhivyakti huI hai to kRSNa kA vAsudeva svarUpa tathA yaduvaMziyoM ke prabhAva varNana meM adbhuta rasa kA prakarSa hai| neminAtha kA vivAha, unakA vairAgya, rAjamatI kA tapa tathA kRSNa ke avasAna ityAdi kaI prasaMga karuNa rasa se bhare par3e haiN| kavi ne saMyoga zrRMgAra evaM vipralambha bhaMgAra rasa kA bhI yathocita varNana kiyA hai| kAvya kA anta zAMta rasa meM hotA hai| prakRti citraNa meM candrodaya, RtuvarNana, saMdhyA varNana ityAdi ke sundara sthala dRSTigocara hote haiM, sAtha hI utkRSTa evaM udAtta bhASA meM nirUpita yaha grantha vividha alaMkAroM tathA chandoM se alaMkRta hai| __isa grantha ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA jinasena bahumukhI pratibhA ke vyakti the| na jAne kitane samaya taka unhoMne lokazAstra evaM kAvya kA sUkSma adhyayana kiyA hogA, jisase unake purANa meM samAja ke vyApAroM, pAkhaNDoM, upadravoM,

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vyavasAyoM, loka-vyavahAroM kA sAMgopAMga varNana sambhava ho skaa| kavi ne kRSNa-caritravarNana ke sAtha-sAtha tatkAlIna sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika tathA dhArmika paristhitiyoM kA sUkSma manovaijJAnika citraNa kiyA hai| sAmAjika sthitiyoM ke varNana meM tatkAlIna varNa-vyavasthA, cAra varNa-brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zudra, strI varga kI sthiti, strI-zikSA, usakA samAja meM sthAna, vivAhAvasthA, vivAhoM ke prakAra, svayaMvara prathA, tatkAlIna kalA-kauzala, satI-prathA, pardA-prathA, strI aura rAjyAdhikAra ityAdi vividha tathyoM kA samAveza dikhAI detA hai| rAjanaitika sthiti ke aneka citroM meM prazAsana-vyavasthA, rAjA tathA rAjapada, yuvarAja aura uttarAdhikAra, rAjyAbhiSeka, sainya-vyavasthA, senA-saMgaThana, yuddha ke prakAra, ratha-yuddha, padAtiyuddha, mallayuddha, dRSTiyuddha, jalayuddha, strI aura yuddha, paricAyaka dhvajAdi, yuddha-vyUha ke prakAra (daNDa-vyUha, varAha-vyUha, makara-vyUha, sUcI-vyUha, garur3a-vyUha), yuddha ke prayogoM meM lAye jAne vAle zastrAstra ityAdi kA varNana ullekhanIya hai| purANakAlIna Arthika dRSTi se bhAratavarSa kI sthiti ko bhI kavi ne yathAsambhava vivecita kiyA hai| logoM ke pramukha vyavasAya kRSi tathA pazupAlana kA ullekha karane ke sivAya purANakAra ne tatkAlIna vANijyavyApAra, kraya-vikraya, yAtAyAta ke sAdhana, veSabhUSA, alaMkAra-AbhUSaNa ityAdi mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko bhI ujAgara kiyA hai| - jinasenAcArya kA digambara sampradAya ke prasiddha jaina muni hone ke kAraNa kavi kA mukhya hetu jaina vivecana kA rahA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se bhI Alocya kRti pUrNa rUpa se saphala siddha hotI hai| AcArya jinasena ne apane grantha kA Alocya viSaya hI jaina dharma ke divya puruSoM kA jIvana caritra rkhaa| * jIvana-caritra varNana ke sAtha hI kavi ne zrAvaka-dharma, muni-dharma, svAdhyAya, AhAradAna, vidhi, upavAsa, vrata tathA jaina darzana kA bhI vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jaina dharma meM pracalita aneka upavAsa vratoM meM sarvatobhadra, trilokasAra, vajramadhya, mRdaMgamadhya, ekAvalI, dvikAvalI, ratnAvalI, kanakAvalI, siMhaniSkIDita, madhyama siMhaniSkrIDita, utkRSTasiMhaniSkrIDita, nandIzvara vrata, merupaMkti vrata, vimAnapaMkti vrata, zAtakumbha, jaghanyazAtakumbha, utkRSTazAtakumbha, cAndrAyaNakumbha, sapta-saptam, AcAmla vardhamAna, zrutavrata, darzana zuddhivrata, tapazuddhi, caritrazuddhi, satyamahAvrata, acaurya mahAvrata, brahmacarya mahAvrata, parigraha tyAga mahAvrata, paMca kalyANa mahAvrata, zIla kalyANa mahAvrata, bhAvanAvrata, paMcaviMzati bhAvanA, du:kha-haraNa, karmakSaya, jinendraguNa sampatti, divya lakSaNa paMkti, paraspara kalyANa ityAdi kA ullekha Alocya kRti meM milatA hai, jo purANakAra ke mahAn dhArmika tattvaciMtaka svarUpa ko spaSTa karatA hai| kavi ne ina saba upavAsoM tathA paMca mahAvratoM kA sUkSma nirUpaNa kara inakI pAra laukika-sukha pradAna karane kI kSamatA ko ujAgara kiyA hai|

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sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika evaM dhArmika paristhitiyoM ke varNana ke uparAnta harivaMzapurANa meM tatkAlIna bhAratIya bhaugolika sthiti, aneka choTe-moTe rAjya, aneka rAjAoM kI vaMzAvaliyoM, tatkAlIna rAjA tathA unakA sAmarthya, aneka nagara prAnta, jaina zrAvaka tathA unakI guru-paramparA ityAdi vividha viSayoM kI bhI vistRta jAnakArI milatI hai| uparyukta prakAra se jinasenAcArya kI Alocya kRti harivaMzapurANa viSaya-vastu nirUpaNa, kAvya-grantha, vividha viSayoM kA vistRta varNana, jainadharma tathA darzana, vividha zAstroM kA nirUpaNa tathA abhivyaMjanA kauzala kI dRSTi se eka mahattvapUrNa tathA saphala grantha siddha hotA hai| harivaMzapurANa kA mudraNa tathA prakAzana : jainazAstra bhaNDAroM meM kaI sthAnoM para harivaMzapurANa kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ prApta huI haiN| prAmANika saMskaraNa paNDita darabArIlAla nyAyatIrtha dvArA sampAdita mANikyacandra digambara jaina-granthamAlA bambaI se prakAzita kiyA hai| jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana se isake do saMskaraNa prakAzita ho gaye haiN| jJAnapITha se prakAzita isake dvitIya saMskaraNa ke sampAdaka DaoN0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya haiM. jo vi0saM0 2035 IsavI san 1978 meM prakAzita hai|' 2. mahAkavi sUradAsa : jIvanavRtta kisI bhI kavi ke jIvanavRtta ko jAnane ke lie do pramukha AdhAra mAne gaye haiMantaH sAkSya aura bAhya saakssy| antaH sAkSya meM kavi ke ve kathana aura saMketa Ate haiM jisase kavi ke jIvanavRtta ko jAnane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| bAhya sAkSya meM anya vidvAnoM dvArA ullekhita sAmagrI ko liyA jAtA hai| mahAkavi sUradAsa kI jIvanI ko jAnane ke lie unakI racanAoM meM jo kucha saMketa milate haiM, ve antaH sAkSya hai tathA isake atirikta puSTimArga ke upalabdha grantha, sama-sAmayika kaviyoM kI racanAe~, paramparAgata mAnyatAe~ tathA janazrutiyA~-Adi sAmagrI bAhya-sAkSya ke antargata AtI hai| prAcIna kAla ke kaviyoM kI jIvanagAthA kA AdyopAnta kramabaddha jJAna prApta karanA bahuta kaThina hai kyoMki usako likhane kA prayAsa na to svayaM kaviyoM ne kiyA hai tathA na hI samakAlIna lekhakoM ne usa tarapha dhyAna diyA hai| sUra kA jIvanavRtta vividha janazrutiyoM kA AdhAra hai| ataH saMzodhakoM ko unakA laukika vRtta svalpa mAtrA meM mila sakA hai| Aja jaba sUradAsa ke jIvana-vRtta ko dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai to vividha janazrutiyoM ke AvaraNa ko dUra kara aitihAsika tathyoM taka pahu~canA kaThina pratIta hotA hai| hindI sAhitya ke aneka saMzodhakoM ne sUra ke jIvana-vRtta para zodhapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| inameM AcArya rAmacandra zukla, AcArya nandadulAre bAjapeyI, DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA, DaoN0 brajezvara varmA, DaoN0 dezarAjasiMha evaM DaoN0 bhramaralAla jozI

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Adi aneka vidvAnoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inhIM vidvAnoM kI lekha-sAmagrI ke AdhAra para sUra ke jIvana-vRtta para hama yahA~ vicAra kreNge| vaise sUra-kAvya para aneka anusaMdhAnAtmaka kArya ho cuke haiM, kaI vidvAnoM ne isakA tAttvika vizleSaNa kiyA hai| sUradAsa evaM unake kAvya ke sambandha meM vivecana vAstava meM una manISiyoM kA jUThana mAtra hai| parantu harivaMzapurANa ke sAtha sUrasAgara kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke kAraNa unakA vizleSaNa karanA bhI paramAvazyaka hai| ataH sUra ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kI prAmANikatA ke AdhAra para hama yahA~ nirUpita kreNge| sUradAsa nAma eka, vyakti aneka : kisI bhI andhe vyakti ko sUradAsa kahanA bhAratIya jIvana kI paramparA rahI hai| prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja taka aise kaI sUradAsa ho gaye haiM, jo janamAnasa meM prakhyAta the| aisA kucha vidhi kA vidhAna hai ki andhe vyakti saMgIta premI, gAyaka tathA kalApremI hote haiN| eka to andhe, dUsarA aise guNoM kA honA, jisase logoM meM unako khyAti mila jAtI hai tathA saralatA se logoM kI sahAnubhUti bhI arjita kara lete haiN| "vallabhAcArya" ke ziSya tathA aSTachApa ke pramukha kavi sUradAsa ke samakAlIna tathA usake thor3A bahuta Age-pIche kaI sUradAsa ho gaye haiM jinake jIvana kI bAteM bhI sUradAsa ke jIvana ke sAtha itanI ghula-mila gaI haiM ki unheM pRthak karanA kAphI kaThina ho rahA hai| aisI paristhiti meM mahAkavi sUradAsa kI jIvanI dekhate samaya aise anya sUradAsoM kA ullekha karanA prAsaMgika hogA, jisase sUradAsa kA sahI paricaya prApta kiyA jA ske| (1) bilvamaMgala sUradAsa :____inake bAre meM bhaktamAla ke TIkAkAra priyAdAsa ne vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| inakA eka cinmaNi nAmaka vaizyA para Asakta honA ullekhanIya hai| usakI phaTakAra se hI inhoMne sUje se apanI A~kheM phor3a dI, aisI kiMvadantI hai| inakA "zrIkRSNakaruNAmRta" nAmaka grantha prasiddha hai| (2) sUradAsa bhakta : nAbhAdAsajI ke bhaktamAla ke chappaya 37 meM inakA varNana milatA hai| ye rAmopAsaka the| inhoMne rAmajanma tathA ekAdazI mahAtmya nAmaka do granthoM kI racanA kI: (3) sUradAsa madanamohana : .. nAbhAdAsa kRta bhaktamAla ke chappaya saMkhyA 126 meM inakA guNAnuvAda milatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki inake netra the, phira bhI inheM sUradAsa kahA jAtA thaa| inake bAre meM saMDIle ke amIna pada para rahate hue teraha lAkha kI sampatti kA sAdhu santoM meM bA~TanA

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prasiddha rahA hai| DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta ne kaI pustakoM meM ullekhita zAhI darabAra meM Ane jAne vAle sUradAsa inhIM ko mAnA hai| (4) bhakta ziromaNi mahAkavi sUradAsa : vallabhAcArya ziSya, aSTachApa kaviyoM meM sarvapramukha bhakta ziromaNi sUradAsa upayukta tInoM sUradAsa se sarvathA bhinna haiN| bhaktamAla ke varNana meM bhI inako sarvamAnya, sarvopari mahAtmya yukta pratipAdita kiyA hai| yahI sUradAsa apanI kRSNa-lIlAoM kI prasiddha kRti sUrasAgara ke lie prakhyAta rahe haiM tathA vizvakavi kA sammAna arjita kiyA hai| inhIM ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kA hameM vivecana karanA hai| sUradAsa : vaMza-paricaya : "bhaTTa brAhmaNa" sUradAsa ke vaMza paricaya se sambandhita prAmANika sAmagrI kA abhAva hai| "sAhitya laharI" meM pada saMkhyA 118 ke AdhAra para kaI vidvAnoM ne inheM brAhmaNa mAnA hai tathA hindI ke Adi kavi candavaradAI kA vaMzadhara sAbita kiyA hai| isa pada ke AdhAra para inakI vaMzAvalI bhI prastuta kI gaI hai| jisakA DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA, DaoN0 bar3athvAla, sarajArja griyarsana, muMzI devINmAda tathA rAdhAkRSNadAsa vidvAnoM ne samarthana kiyA hai| __parantu sUra sAhitya para anusaMdhAna karane vAle aneka vidvAnoM ne isa vaMzAvalI kI prAmANikatA para prazna-cihna lagA diyA hai| DaoN. dInadayAla gupta ke anusAra-"jJAta hotA hai ki yaha pada saradAra kavi tathA bhAratendu se bhI pahale kisI ne sAhitya-laharI meM milA diyA hai|" isa prakAra isa pada ko prakSipta mAna kara ise prAmANika pada ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| mizrabandhuoM ne ukta pada ko prakSipta siddha karane ke lie aneka sacoTa tarka prastuta kiye tathA "sUranirNaya" ke lekhakadvaya prabhudayAla mittala tathA dvArikAprasAda pArIkha ne bhI isa mata meM apanI sahamati prakaTa kI hai| isa prakAra se sUradAsa ko bhaTTa brAhmaNa yA rAva mAnanA, yaha mata grAhya nahIM hai| agara isa mata meM kucha bhI sAratattva hotA to anya kaI granthoM meM "caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA" yA "bhAvaprakAza" meM isakA avazya hI ullekha hotaa| yaha pada avazya prakSipta hai| ataH sUradAsa ko bhaTTabrAhmaNa kahanA asaMgata hai| sUra sArasvata brAhmaNa : harirAya kRta bhAvaprakAza meM jo caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai, sUra ko sArasvata brAhmaNa batAyA gayA hai| sArasvata zabda kA nAmakaraNa "sarasvatI" ke AdhAra para huA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM sarasvatI nadI pAMcAla deza meM bahatI huI gaMgA meM milatI thii| usake AsapAsa rahane vAle brAhmaNa sArasvata kahalAte the| -

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aneka vidvAnoM ne bhAvaprakAza ko prAmANika mAnakara sUra ko sArasvata brAhmaNa mAnA hai jo yukti saMgata hai| sUradAsa kI janmatithi : mahAkavi sUradAsa kI janmatithi ke viSaya meM na to nizcayAtmaka sAmagrI antaHsAkSya meM upalabdha hotI hai aura na hI bAhya sAkSya meN| sUra ke jIvana para prakAza DAlane vAle prAcIna grantha 'vArtA sAhitya meM isakA koI ullekha na hone ke kAraNa isa sambandha meM jaTilatA aura bar3ha gaI hai| "caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA" meM bhI sUra ke jIvana kA vaha varNana milatA hai jaba ve gaUghATa para rahate the| isase pahale kI zrRMkhalA bhAvaprakAza meM harirAya ke dvArA milAyI gaI hai| prathama mata :- vi0saM0 1540 sAhitya-laharI ke pada saMkhyA 109 meM sUra ke racanAkAla kA nirdeza AtA hai muni puni rasana ke rasa lekh| dasana gaurInanda kara livi suvana saMvata paikh| nandanandana mAsa chai te hIna tritiyA baar| nanda nandana janma te hai bAna sukha aagaar| AcArya zukla ne isa dRSTikUTa pada kA vizleSaNa kara sAhitya-laharI kI racanA vi0saM0 1607 meM svIkAra kI hai| isa pada meM Aye kUTArtha isa prakAra mAnya batAye gaye haiN| muni-7, rasana=0, rasa-6, dsngauriinNd-1| kUTa pada meM Aye aMkoM ko "aMkAnAM vAmato gatiH" ke anusAra ukta saMkhyA 1607 banatI hai| sUra-sArAvalI ke eka dUsare pada kA AdhAra mAnakara sUra kI usa samaya kI Ayu 67 varSa mAnI hai guruprasAda hota yaha darasana sarasaTha barasa prviin| siva vidhAna tapa kareU bahuta dina taU pAra nahiM liin|| isa prakAra 1607 meM se 67 varSa nikAla dene para sUra kA janma varSa vi0saM0 1540 rahatA hai| mizrabandhu, rAmacandra zukla, DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA evaM aneka vidvAnoM ne isa mata kA samarthana kiyA hai tathA isake pakSa meM apane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM parantu Aja yaha mata grAhya nahIM hai kyoMki sUrasArAvalI tathA sAhityalaharI kI prAmANikatA bhI saMdigdha hai| jaba uparyukta mata ina kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para sAbita kiyA gayA hai parantu kRtiyoM kI saMdigdhatA hone para yaha mata apane Apa asvIkAra ho jAtA hai| (2) dUsarA mata - vi0saM0 1530 :.. bar3audA saMskRta kaoNleja ke AcArya zrI bhaTTa ne dAvA kiyA hai ki ve vallabhAcArya ke sambandhita samasta granthoM kA adhyayana karane para isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki vallabhAcArya -

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kA janma vi0saM0 1530 meM huA thaa| jo saMvat vallabhAcArya ke janma kA hai, vahI sUradAsa ke janma kA hai| AcArya nandadulAre bAjapeyI ne isa mata kA samarthana kiyA parantu sUrasAhitya ke aneka anusaMdhAnakartAoM ne isa mata ko amAnya ThaharAyA hai| ina vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki isa janma saMvat kI AcArya ke jIvana kI anya ghaTanAoM se saMgati nahIM baitthtii| DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA likhate haiM ki "bhaTTajI kI yuktiyA~ taba taka akATya nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, jaba taka ki ve vallabhAcArya ke jIvana se sambaddha ghaTanAoM kI isa hera-phera ke sAtha siddha na kara deN|"38 / (3) tIsarA mata - vi0saM0 1535 : isa mata ke anusAra sUra kA janma vaizAkha zukla paMcamI vi0saM0 1535 hai| yaha sabase vizvasanIya evaM prAmANika mata ke rUpa meM svIkArya kiyA jAtA hai| puSTimArga meM yaha mata pracalita hai ki sUradAsajI kI Ayu vallabhAcArya se dasa dina kama thii| "nijavArtA" meM ullekha AtA hai ki "jo sUradAsajI, jaba zrI AcArya jI so mahAprabhu ko prAkaTya bhayo hai, taba inako janma bhayo hai| so zrI AcAryajI so ye dina dasa choTe hte||39 zrInAthadvArA meM vallabhAcArya ke janmotsava ke 10 dina bAda Aja bhI sUradAsa kA janmotsava manAyA jAtA hai| "vallabha-digvijaya" ke anusAra vallabhAcArya kA janma ravivAra vaizAkha kRSNa 11 saMvat 1535 (vi0) meM huA thaa| isase dasa dina kama kara dene se sUra kI janmatithi vaizAkha zukla paMcamI maMgalavAra saMvat 1535 nizcita hotI hai| isa mAnyatA kI puSTi meM nimnalikhita pada milatA hai| pragaTe bhakta ziromaNirAya, mAdhava zuklA paMcami upara chaTTha adhika sukhdaay| saMvat pandraha petIsa varSe kRSNa sakhA prkttaay|| karihai lIlA pherI adhika sukhamaya manoratha paay| sUra-nirNayakAra zrI dvArakAdAsa pArIkha tathA prabhudayAla mittala ne isa mata kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai ki-"vallabha sampradAya kI sevA praNAlI ke itihAsa kI saMgati se "sArAvalI" kA racanAkAla saMvat 1602 spaSTa hotA hai| usa samaya "guruprasAda hota yaha darasana" "chAsaTha barasa pravIna" ukti ke AdhAra para sUradAsa kI Ayu 67 varSa thii| saMvat 1602 se 67 kama karane para sUra kA janma vikrama saMvat 1535 ThaharatA hai| . DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta, zrI nalinimohana sAnyAla tathA haravaMzalAla zarmA jaise sabhI vidvAn isakA samarthana karate hue sUra kA janma saMvat 1535 svIkAra karate haiN| aneka Adhunika vidvAn bhI isI mata se abhimata hai|

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janma sthAna : sUra ke janma sthAna ke sambandha meM "gopAcala", mathurA prAnta kA koI gA~va "rUnakatA" tathA "sIhI"-ye cAra sthAna prasiddha haiN| gvAliyara kA hI prAcIna nAma gopAcala thA tathA yahI gopAcala sUra kA janmasthAna thA, aisI DaoN0 bar3athvAla kI mAnyatA hai| parantu isa bAta kA mUlAdhAra "sAhitya-laharI" kA vaMzavRkSa hI prAmANika na mAnakara use prakSipta mAnane para yaha svataH hI amAnya ho jAtA hai| bhakta kavi miyA~siMha ne sUra kI janma bhUmi para likhA hai ki mathurAprAnta viprakara gehA, mo utpanna bhakta hari nehaa|| parantu yahA~ mathurA prAnta kA ullekha hai kisI sthAna vizeSa kA nhiiN| ataH isa mata kA bhI koI mahattva nahIM hai| isake alAvA kaI vidvAnoM ne sUra kA janma sthAna "rUnakatA" batalAyA hai| isa mata ko svIkAra karane vAle vidvAnoM meM AcArya zukla, rAmakumAra varmA, DaoN0 zyAmasundara dAsa, DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI tathA DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| isa mata ke anusAra sUradAsa kA gaUghATa para rahane kA saMdarbha hai| gaUghATa se tIna-cAra mIla kI dUrI para AgarA se mathurA jAne vAlI sar3aka para rUnakatA grAma sthita hai| yahA~ se do mIla dUrI para "reNukA" kA sthAna hai tathA "parazurAma" kA mandira hai| Aja bhI yahA~ khaMDaharoM ke cihna pAye jAte haiN| reNukA kSetra ko hI rUnakatA kahA jAne lgaa| DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA ke anusAra "sUradAsa gopAcala meM rahate the, jo AgarA ke nikaTa hai| caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA meM ise hI gaUghATa kahA gayA hai tathA isakI sthiti AgarA-mathurA ke bIca batalAI gaI hai|"41 DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI kA abhimata hai ki-"caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA ke anusAra inakA janma sthAna rUnakatA yA reNukA kSetra hai|" harirAyajI ne "bhAvaprakAza" meM jo sUra ke 100 varSa bAda kI racanA hai, sUra kA janma sthAna dillI se cAra kosa dUra "sIhI" grAma svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha mata kaI vidvAnoM dvArA vizvasanIya mAnA jAtA hai| "bhAvaprakAza" meM likhA hai ki dillI ke cAra kosa ure meM eka sIhI grAma hai, jahA~ parIkSita ke putra janamejaya ne sarpayajJa kiyA hai|" gokulanAthajI ke samakAlIna prANanAthajI ne bhI sUra kA janma sthAna sIhI grAma hI mAnA hai| zrI prabhudayAla mittala, DaoN0 gupta, DaoN0 haravaMzalAla varmA, DaoN0 vedaprakAza Arya ityAdi aneka vidvAnoM ne aneka tarka dekara isI pakSa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa mata kI bhI kaI vidvAnoM ne Apatti kI hai ki "bhAvaprakAza" meM likhA sUra ke janma sthAna sambandhI tathya pratilipikAra kA hai tathA janamejaya ke nAga yajJa kI bAta bhI sahI nahIM hai

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evaM dillI ke pAsa sIhI grAma kA patA nahIM calatA hai parantu DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA ne ina tamAma ApattiyoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki "dillI ke AsapAsa isa sIhI grAma kA Aja kahIM patA nahIM hai| kahA jAtA hai ki jahA~ Aja naI dillI hai, vahA~ ke choTe-choTe gA~va uThA diye gaye haiM aura ve dUsare jiloM meM jAkara AbAda ho gye| dillI-mathurA sar3aka para vallabhagar3ha ke nikaTa sIhI nAmaka eka grAma hai| vahA~ yadyapi sUra sambandhI koI smAraka aba vidyamAna nahIM hai, tathApi vahA~ ke logoM meM yaha anuzruti pracalita hai ki mahAkavi sUradAsa kA janma usI sIhI grAma meM huA thaa|"42 hama bhI DaoN0 zarmA ke isa mata se sahamata haiN| sUra kA andhatva : sUradAsa nipaTa andhe the, isa tathya kA antaH sAkSya tathA bAhya sAkSya donoM hI AdhAra para sabhI Alocaka svIkAra karate haiM parantu sUra janmAndha the yA amuka umra ke pazcAt andhe hue the, isa para vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| antaH sAkSya meM sUra ne apane aneka padoM meM apane Apako andhA kahA hai 1. sUra kahA kahe vividha A~dharoM, binA mola ko cero| 2. sUradAsa sau bahuta niThuratA nainahu~ kI haani| taduparAnta vArtA-sAhitya meM bhI sUra kA andhA honA pramANita hai| "caurAsI vaiSNa, kI vArtA" meM yaha prasaMga AtA hai ki-"doU naitra kara hIna brajavAsI suurdaas"| eka anya prasaMga meM vallabhAcArya se bheMTa hone para unhoMne kahA thA ki-"sUra hai ke aise kahA dhidhiyAtu hai"| bhAvaprakAza meM bhI sUra ke andhe hone kA ullekha milatA hai| kavi prANanAtha kI paMktiyA~ dRSTavya hai-- ___ "bAhara naina vihina so bhItara naina visAla" nAbhAdAsajI ke bhaktamAla meM sUra kA paricaya dene vAle pada meM likhA hai pratibimbita dividRSTi, hRdaya harilIlA bhaakhii| isake alAvA aneka janazrutiyA~ sUra ke andhatva ko nirdezita karatI hai parantu vivAda to yaha hai ki sUra janmAndha the yA bAda meM andhe hue the| ___Adhunika kAla meM sUra sAhitya ke aneka vidvAnoM ne sUra kI janmAndhatA kA samarthana kiyA hai| ina vidvAnoM meM AcArya nandadulAre vAjapeyI, DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA, zrI prabhudAsa mittala, DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA ityAdi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inhoMne antaH sAkSya tathA bAhya sAkSya ke AdhAra para yaha siddha karana kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki sUradAsa janmAndha the| sUra kI janmAndhatA ke sambandha meM katipaya paMktiyA~ antaH sAkSya ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM - - -

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1. sUra kI beriyA~ niThUra hoI baiThe, janma aMdha kryo| 2. rahyo jAta eka patita janama ko, A~dharo sUradAsa ko| bAhya sAkSyoM meM zrInAthajI bhaTTa to sUradAsa ke samakAlIna mAne jAte haiN| unakA "janmAndho sUradAso'bhUta" likhA draSTavya hai| zrI raghunAthasiMha ne "rAsarasikAvalI" meM bhI janmAndhatA ko svIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki janamate hai naina vihInA, divyadRSTi dekhahi sUkha bhiinaa| bhaktavinoda meM kavi miyA~siMha ne likhA hai ki so sUradAsajI kai janamata hI sau netra nAhI hai| zrI harirAya jI ne "bhaktamAla" meM isI kA samarthana kiyA hai| ___isa prakAra aneka antaH sAkSya tathA bAhya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne apane mata kA samarthana dete hue sUra ko janmAndha mAnA hai| isa sambandha meM muMzIrAma zarmA kA mantavya draSTavya hai "yaha to sAdhAraNaM manuSyoM kI bAta hai, sUra jaise ucca koTi ke santa kI to bAta hI nirAlI hai| ve bhagavad bhakta the, aghaTita ghaTanA ghaTA dene vAle prabhu ke sacce bhakta ke sAmane vizva ke nigUr3ha rahasya bhI anavagata nahIM rhte| sAdhAraNa kavi jisa vastu ko netra rahate hue bhI nahIM dekha sakatA, use krAntadarzI vyakti evaM mahAtmA anAyAsa hI dekha lete haiM / / 43 . . isa saMdarbha meM DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA kA mata bhI avalokanIya hai-"yaha bAta to nahIM bhUlanI cAhie ki jina vyaktiyoM ke anta:karaNa ke netra unmIlita ho jAte haiM, ve antarjagata se bAhya jagata kA sAkSAtkAra karane lagate haiN| pAzcAtya bhautikavAda evaM jar3avAda se prabhAvita hokara bhAratIya brahma jJAna ko mahattva kI chIchAledAra vyAkhyA anucita hai|"74 uparyukta prakAra se vidvAnoM ne bhagavat kRpA tathA divya dRSTi kI carcA karate hue sUra ko janmAndha mAnA hai kyoMki "jAkI kRpA paMgu giri laMghe andhe ko saba kucha drsaaii"| parantu aise kaI vidvAna haiM jo sUra kI janmAndhatA ko cunautI dete haiN| inameM mizra bandhu DaoN0 zyAmasundaradAsa, DaoN0 benIprasAda, DaoN0 brajezvara zarmA, zrI nalinI mohana sAnyAla, DaoN0 rAjaratana bhaTanAgara Adi kaI vidvAna sUra ke sajIva varNanoM ke AdhAra para sUra ko janmAndha mAnane meM sahamata nahIM haiN| ina vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki sUra bAda meM andhe ho gaye the kyoMki koI bhI janmAndha vyakti itanA sundara saundarya-varNana tathA prAkRtika dRzyoM kA citraNa nahIM kara sakatA hai| sUra ne jisa taraha kI upamAoM kA varNana kiyA hai, unakA, mAtra kalpanA ke AdhAra para jisane kabhI unheM dekhA nahIM ho, vaha kabhI nahIM kara sakatA hai| manovaijJAnika - - - -

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siddhAnta ke anusAra bhI svapna meM bhI hama unhIM vastuoM ko dekha sakate haiM, jinheM kabhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM dekhA gayA ho| ataH sUradAsa janmAndha hokara aisA varNana nahIM kara sakate haiN| sara ke padoM meM jo "janma ko A~dharo" zabda prayukta huA hai, usameM janma zabda kA lAkSaNika artha hI grahaNa karanA zreyaskara hai| 'janma ko A~dharo' se matalaba yaha hai ki sUradAsa kA jIvana hI andhe hokara bIta gyaa| sUradAsa ke dvArA janma zabda jIvana yA jindagI ke artha meM prayukta huA pratIta hotA hai| inheM ye vidvAn janmAndhatA ke sAkSya ke rUpa meM grahaNa karanA samucita nahIM samajhate haiN| isa sambandha meM mizra bandhuoM kA mantavya ullekhanIya hai ki "hameM to inake janmAndha hone para vizvAsa nahIM hotaa| sUradAsa ne apanI kavitA meM jyoti ke raMgoM aura anekAneka hAva-bhAvoM ke aise-aise manorama varNana kie haiM tathA upamAe~ aisI cubhatI dI haiM, jinase yaha kisI prakAra nizcaya nahIM hotA ki koI vyakti binA A~khoM dekhe kevala zravaNa dvArA prApta jJAna se aisA varNana kara sakatA hai|"45 DaoN0 zyAmasundaradAsa ne janmAndhatA ko asvIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki "sara vAstava meM janmAndha nahIM the kyoMki zRMgAra tathA raMga rUpa Adi kA jo varNana unhoMne kiyA hai, vaisA koI janmAndha nahIM kara sktaa|" DaoN0 benIprasAda kA mata bhI isa mata kA samarthana hai-"prAkRtika dRzya kA anupama citraNa kisI prakAra yaha nahIM mAnane detA ki ve janma se hI andhe the|"46 isa prakAra sUra ke andhatva ke sambandha meM to sabhI vidvAn eka mata haiM parantu janmAndhatA ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai parantu DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta kA yaha mata ki-"sUra bAlyAvasthA meM andhe ho gaye the, sarvathA yukti-saMgata tathA tarka pUrNa pratIta hotA hai|" sUradAsa kA bacapana : uparyukta vivecana se yaha niSkarSa milatA hai ki sUra sArasvata brAhmaNa parivAra meM janme the| unakA janma saMvat 1535 vikramI meM huA thaa| sUra kA janma sthAna vallabhagar3ha ke nikaTa "sIhI" nAmaka hai tathA bAlyAvasthA meM hI zItalA roga yA kisI anya kAraNa se unakI A~kheM jAtI rhiiN| sUradAsa kI bAlyAvasthA se hI kuzAgra buddhi thii| isa sambandha meM aneka kathAe~ pracalita haiN| unakI antaH prajJA ke sambandha meM prasiddha hai ki inhoMne apanI isI zakti ke bala para kucha logoM kI gumI huI vastuoM kA patA batA diyA thaa| inhoMne gAna-vidyA bhI prArambha se prApta kara lI thI tathA isakI nipuNatA se hI inako jaldI hI prasiddhi mila gaI thii|

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harirAya jI ke "bhAvaprakAza" ke anusAra ye bAlyAvasthA meM hI ghara se virakta hokara cala diye the tathA "sIhI" se lagabhaga cAra-pA~ca mIla dUra kisI anya gA~va ke tAlAba ke kinAre eka pIpala ke vRkSa ke nIce baiTha gaye the| isI vRkSa ke nIce aThAraha varSa kI Ayu taka ve rhe| AsapAsa ke loga inheM bar3A pyAra karate the tathA inake khAnepIne kA prabandha karate the tathA kahA jAtA hai ki jo bAteM ye batalAyA karate the, ve Amataura para satya nikalatI thii| isI kAraNa AsapAsa inakI khyAti phaila gaI tathA dUra-dUra se bhaviSya ke viSaya meM bAta pUchane; aneka loga inake pAsa Ane lge| inakA kaNTha bhI madhura thaa| yahA~ ve gAne kA acchA abhyAsa karate the tathA isa hetu ekAnta meM baiThakara gAyA karate the| inakA gAnA sunane aneka loga jamA ho jAte the tathA ve inheM bar3I zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhate the evaM choTI Ayu hone para bhI bar3A Adara karate the| Ane vAle loga inheM svAmIjI kahakara pukArate the tathA zraddhA va prema se aneka upahAra dete the, vahI inake jIvana calAne ke lie paryApta hotA thaa| kaI loga svAmIjI ke ziSya bana gaye aura unase dakSiNA meM jo milA, usase unake pAsa yatheSTa parimANa meM dravya ekatrita ho gyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki eka dina rAtri ko sUra ne vicAra kiyA ki vaha to vahA~ phaMsa kara raha gye| ghara se bhagavAn kI bhakti ko nikale the tathA usI ke lie virakti lI thI parantu vahA~ mAyA ne ghera liyaa| unhoMne usI samaya dRr3ha nizcaya kiyA ki ve turanta usa sthAna ko chor3a deNge| usa samaya unakI Ayu 18 varSa thii| . isa prakAra mAyA se chuTakArA prApta kara apane vairAgya kI rakSA karane hetu sUra ne eka dina vaha sthAna chor3a diyaa| kahate haiM ki sUra ne vahA~ se jAte kucha bhI sAtha meM nahIM liyaa| jo dravyAdi thA, vaha vahIM chor3a diyaa| yahA~ se cala kara sUra mathurA aaye| mathurA kRSNa kA * janmasthAna thaa| eka bAra mana meM phira pralobhana AyA parantu turanta hI dhyAna AyA ki mathurA bhArata kA prasiddha tIrthasthAna hai aura yAtriyoM ke AvAgamana ke kAraNa ve mAyAjAla se vaMcita nahIM raha sakate haiM, aisA vicAra kara unhoMne mathurA meM basanA ucita nahIM smjhaa| ekAnta sthAna kI khoja karate ye AgarA tathA mathurA ke nikaTa gaUghATa para rahane lage aura yahIM yamunA nadI ke kinAre bhagavad bhakti karane lge| ve 31 varSa kI Ayu taka yahA~ para rhe| dIkSA :___caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA ke anusAra saMvat 1567 (vi0) meM mahAprabhu vallabhAcArya kAzI aura aDaila (prayAga) hote hue gaUghATa para ruke the| usa samaya AcAryajI kI khyAti dUra-dUra taka pahuMca cukI thii| dakSiNa bhArata ke sAtha hI uttara bhArata meM bhI ve mAyAvAda kA khaNDana tathA bhaktimArga kI sthApanA kara cuke the| AcAryajI se logoM ne sUra pariNAmasvarUpa loga sUradAsajI ko AcArya ke sanmukha le gye| sUra se bheMTa karate samaya - - -

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AcAryajI ne kahA-"kucha bhagavad jasa varNana kro"| sUra ne isa para vinaya ke sambandhita isa pada kA gAna kiyA prabhu hau saba patitana ko TIko aura patita saba cAra dinA ke, hI to janama tahI kau|| 138 / rAcArya vallabha sUra kI madhura vANI se atyadhika prabhAvita hue parantu unhoMne sUra ke jIvana meM parivyApta dInatA, nirAzA tathA avasAda ko dekhakara kahA kisUra te ke aise kAhe ko ghighiyAtu hai, kachu bhagavAn kI lIlA kA varNana kruuN|" sUra ne apanI vivazatA ko prakaTa karate hue kahA ki 'prabhu maiM to netrahIna ha~, mai kucha samajhatA nahIM huuN|8' isa para vallabhAcArya ne unheM dIkSA pradAna kI tathA aSTachApaM mantra "zrIkRSNaH zaraNaM mama" sunAyA evaM samarpaNa krvaayaa| sUra ko Azvasta karate hue batAyA ki bhagavAn kI lIlA kA sambandha carma-cakSuoM se nahIM varan jJAna-cakSuoM se hai| isa prakAra AcArya ne unheM jJAna-dRSTi se maMDita kara puSTimArga meM dIkSita kiyaa| vahIM se vallabhAcArya sUradAsa ko apane sAtha govardhana le gye| gokula meM sUradAsajI ne "navanItapriyAjI" ke sammukha bhakti ke padoM kA gAna kiyaa| yahIM para zrIvallabhAcArya ke AdezAnusAra lIlApadoM kA gAna evaM likhanA prArambha huaa| zrIvallabhAcArya bhAgavata ke jisa bhAga kA pArAyaNa kare the, sUradAsa usI para padoM ko likhane kA kArya prArambha kara dete the| AcAryajI ke sAtha thor3e samaya taka gokula meM nivAsa kara tatpazcAt unhIM ke sAtha govardhana cale gye| govardhana meM navanirmita zrInAthajI ke mandira meM sthApita zrInAthajI kI sevA meM laga gye| vahA~ kA kIrtana-kArya kuMbhanadAsa karate the| zrInAthajI kI sevA kA kArya baMgAlI vaiSNavoM ke hAthoM meM thaa| saMvat 1556 meM pUraNamala khatrI ne zrIvallabhAcArya kI preraNA se vaizAkha sudi 3 ko eka vizAla mandira banavAyA evaM vahA~ zrI zrInAthajI kI mUrti sthApita kara sUradAsa ko pramukha kIrtaniyA niyukta kiyaa| saMvat 1576 vaizAkha sudi 3 ke bAda meM jAkara yaha mandira pUrNa huaa| zrInAthajI ke kIrtaniyA ke rUpa meM sUra kA sthAI nivAsa govardhana na hokara usake pAsa "pArasaulI" grAma meM candrasarovara ko apanA sthAI nivAsa btaayaa| "pArasaulI" se sUradAsa nitya zrInAthajI kI kIrtana-sevA meM AyA-jAyA karate the| inhIM kIrtanoM meM ve sahasroM naye-naye pada haiM, jinake saMkalana ko sUrasAgara kA nAma diyA gayA hai| aSTachApa kI sthApanA : zrInAthajI ke mandira meM kIrtana kA 'maMDAna' hone para sUra unake prathama niyamita kIrtanIye niyukta kiye gye| isake pazcAt dUsare kIrtaniye ke rUpa meM paramAnanda ko niyukti pradAna kI gii| vaise kuMbhanadAsa sUradAsa se bhI prAcIna kIrtanakAra the parantu ve gRhastha hone

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ke kAraNa aniyamita rahA karate the| phalasvarUpa AcArya vallabha ne sUradAsa tathA paramAnandadAsa ko niyamita kIrtaniye hone ke kAraNa pradhAna pada pradAna kiyaa| vallabhAcArya ke puSTimArga ko janatA ke sAmane lAne meM bhI sUradAsa ne saba se adhika apanA yogadAna diyaa| vallabhAcArya ke bAda gopInAtha gaddI para baiThe, taba taka yahI krama calatA rhaa| parantu saMvat 1602 meM viThThalanAtha ke gaddI para baiThane para isa kIrtana praNAlI ko aura bhI vyavasthita tathA vyApaka rUpa pradAna kiyA gyaa| unhoMne zrInAthajI kI AThoM samaya kI jhA~kiyoM ke alaga-alaga kIrtanakAra niyukta kie| unameM sUradAsa, paramAnandadAsa, kuMbhanadAsa, kRSNadAsa ye cAra mahAprabhu vallabhAcArya ke sevaka the tathA chItasvAmI, govindasvAmI, caturbhujadAsa tathA nandadAsa ye cAra gosvAmI viThThalanAtha ke sevaka the| ye AThoM milakara "aSTachApa" khlaae| "gosvAmI viThThalanAtha ne saMvat 1601 se 1602 ke madhya aSTachApa kI sthApanA kI thI, isameM sUra pramukha the| 'vArtA' meM likhA hai ki paramaprabhu zrInAthajI svayaM sakhAbhAva se aSTachApa kaviyoM ke sAtha khelate the, isalie ve aSTasakhA bhI kahe jAte the|"50 sUradAsa kA dehAvasAna : mUla vArtA meM sUradAsa ke mahAprayANa kA varNana atyanta mArmikatA ke sAtha vivecita huA hai| usameM likhA hai ki jaba sUradAsa ko zrInAthajI kI sevA karatekarate bahuta dina bIta gaye to eka dina unhoMne yaha anubhava kiyA ki aba bhagavAn kI icchA mujhe bulAne kI hai| yaha socakara ve zrIThAkurajI ke nityalIlAdhAma "pArasaulI" A gaye aura zrIgovardhananAthajI kI dhvajA ko sASTAMga praNAma kara apanA mukha usakI ora karake eka cabUtare para leTa gye| usa samaya unhoMne apane mana se laukika bAtoM ko bilkula nikAla diyA parantu unake mana meM gosAIMjI ke darzana kI apAra abhilASA utpanna huii| jaba zrI gosAIMjI ne zrInAthajI kA zRMgAra kiyA, usa samaya sUradAsa ko anupasthita dekhakara apane sevakoM se pUchA ki sUradAsa kahA~ haiM to sevakoM dvArA jJAta huA ki sUradAsa to maMgala AratI ke darzana karake tathA sau sevakoM se bhagavata-smaraNa kaha "pArasaulI" cale gaye haiN| isa bAta para gosAIMjI ne turanta samajha liyA ki aba unakA avasAna sannikaTa hai| phalasvarUpa unhoMne apane sevakoM ko Adeza diyA ki... "puSTimArga kA jihAja jAtA hai, jA ko kachu lenA hoya so leuu'| kahate haiM ki rAjabhoga tathA AratI se nivRtta hokara jaba gosAIMjI govindasvAmI, caturbhujadAsa Adi sevakoM ke sAtha "pArasaulI" gaye to vahA~ sUradAsa acetAvasthA meM par3e the| gosAIMjI ne unakA hAtha pakar3akara pUchA kaise ho? taba sUradAsa ne uThakara unheM daNDavat kiyA tathA kahA ki maiM to ApakI hI pratIkSA kara rahA thaa| darzana dekara Apane mujhe kRtArtha kiyaa| yaha kahakara unhoMne nimna pada gAyA

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prabhu ko dekho eka subhAU ati gambhIra udAra udadhi hari jAna siromani raaii|| bhakta-viraha kAtara karunAmaya Dolata pAche log| sUradAsa aise svAmI ko dehi mIThe so abhog||51 isa pada ko sunakara gosAIMjI atyanta khuza hue| taba caturbhujadAsa ne sUradAsa se prArthanA kI ki-"sUradAsajI bhagavallIlA gAna to Ajanma kiyA, para mahAprabhu kA yaza varNana nahIM kiyaa|" . isa para sUra ne kahA ki 'maiM bhagavAn aura zrIAcAryajI. meM koI bheda nahIM samajhatA huuN| maiMne jisa yaza kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha sArA AcAryajI kA hI to hai| yaha kahakara unhoMne yaha pada gAkara sunAyA bharoso dRr3ha ina caranana kero zrIvallabha nakhacanda chaTA bina saba jaga maoNjha aNdheroN|| sAdhana ora nAhI yA kali meM jAso hota niberoN| sUra kahA kahai dubidha A~dharo binA mola kI cero||52 . isake bAda caturbhujadAsa ne sUradAsa se vinatI kI ki aba saMkSepa meM AcAryajI ke puSTimArga ke svarUpa kA varNana kiijie| taba sUra ne nimna pada kA mAna kiyA bhaji sakhI bhAva bhAvika deva koTi kumAra mAMgyau kauna kAraNa sev|| veda vidhi ko nema nAhi jahA~ prema kI phicaan| braja-vadhu basa kiye mohana sUra catura sujaan||53 isake bAda sUradAsa punaH aceta ho gye| isa para gosAIMjI ne sUradAsa ko punaH saceta karake kahA ki-"ApakI netra-vRtti kahA~ hai?" to sUra ne uttara meM apanA antima pada sunAyA khaMjana naina rUpa rasamAte atise cAru capala aniyAre pala piMjarA na smaate|| cali-cali jAta sravanana ke ulaTa phirata tATaka phaMdAte. "sUradAsa" aMjana guna aTake nAtara aba uDi jaate||54 yaha kahakara sUra ne paramazAMti ke sAtha bhagavallIlA meM praveza kara bhautika zarIra kA tyAga kiyaa| upasthita vaiSNava bandhuoM ne "pArasaulI" meM unake pArthiva zarIra kI antima vidhi pUrNa kii|

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niHsandeha sUra ke mahAprayANa kA varNana atyanta sajIvatA tathA mArmikatA ke sAtha varNita milatA hai| parantu, truTi kevala itanI hai ki isameM dehAvasAna ke saMvat kA kahIM ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sUradAsa ke dehAvasAna nirdhAraNa meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| mizrabandhu aura AcArya zukla ne inake dehAvasAna kA saMvat 1620, DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA 1624, DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA 1628, DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta 1638-39, haravaMzalAla zarmA tathA sUranirNayakAra 1640 mAnate haiN| isa sambandha meM thor3A vicAra kareM to jJAta hotA hai ki antaH sAkSya tathA bAhya-sAkSya donoM meM sUra ke dIrghAyu hone kA ullekha milatA hai| mUla-vArtA ke uparyukta vivaraNa para bhI vicAra kareM to puSTimArga kA jahAja aura puSTimArga ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA kA adhikArI bhI koI vayovRddha hI ho sakatA hai| sUrasAgara meM bhI aise aneka pada milate haiM jisameM sUra ke dIrghAyu hone kA pramANa hai vinatI karata marata hau lAja nakha-sikha lau merI yaha dehI haiM pApa kI jhaaj| tInoM paga bhari ora nibAghyoM taU na Ayo baaj|| isa pada meM inhoMne apane bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA tathA vRddhAvasthA kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai jisase inakI lambI Ayu spaSTa siddha hotI hai| isI taraha eka pada aura draSTavya hai saba dina gae viSaya ke heta tInau paga aise ho khoe, kesa bhae sira set| A~khini aMdha, sravana nahIM suniyata thAke carana smet||56 isameM bhI vRddhAvasthA kI carama sImA kA varNana dRSTigocara hotA hai| isake alAvA bhI bhaneka pada isa taraha ke milate haiN| - yaha to nizcita hai ki sUra ke dehAvasAna ke samaya gosAIMjI viThThalanAtha jIvita the| gosAIM viThThalanAthajI kA tirodhAna saMvat 1642 ko huA thaa| isI AdhAra para adhikAMza vidvAn sUra kA dehAvasAna saMvat 1640 mAnate haiM jo jyAdA samucita hai kyoMki dIrghAyu ke hisAba se bhI usa samaya unakI Ayu eka sau pA~ca varSoM kI ho gaI thii| - sUra-nirNayakAroM ne likhA hai ki "gosAIM viThThalanAthajI ke nidhana se kucha samara pUrva hI sUradAsa kA dehAvasAna huA hogaa| gosAIMjI kA nidhana saM0 1642 nizcita hai ataH sUradAsa kA dehAvasAna saMvat 1640 ke lagabhaga siddha hotA hai| "57 - uparyukta vivecanA ke AdhAra para sUradAsa ke jIvana kA ghaTanAkrama saMkSepa meM niH prakAra se hai -

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sUradAsa-jIvana ghaTanAkrama :(1) saMvat 1535 meM janma, janmasthAna-sIhI grAma, vaMza sArasvata brAhmaNa (2) saMvat 1541 meM gRha tyAga "sIhI" se cAra kosa dUra tAlAba ke nikaTa pIpala ke / per3a ke nIce vAsa (3) saMvat 1553 meM gaUghATa para Agamana (4) saMvat 1567 meM vallabhAcAryajI se bheMTa tathA dIkSA (5) saMvat 1607 vi0 meM aSTachApa kI sthApanA tathA pramukha pada para pratiSThita (6) saMvat 1626 vi0 meM mahAkavi tulasIdAsa se bheMTa (7) saMvat 1631 vi0 meM mugala samrAT akabara se bheMTa (8) saMvat 1640 vi0 meM mahAprayANa sUra kI racanAe~ : mahAkavi sUradAsa ke vyaktitva para vicAra karane ke bAda aba hama unake dvArA . nirmita sAhitya kA paricaya prApta kreNge| sUra ne apane jIvanakAla meM aneka kRtiyoM kI racanA kI hai jisase hindI sAhitya meM unakA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| vArtA-sAhitya meM sUra ke sahasrAvadhi padoM kA ullekha milatA hai, isase kaI vidvAna unake dvArA racita savA lAkha padoM kI saMbhAvanA prakaTa karate haiN| "kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kI khoja riporTa 'itihAsa grantha evaM granthAgAroM meM surakSita sAmagrI' ke AdhAra para sUra ke adhikAdhika 25 grantha mAne jAte haiN|"58 (1) sUrasAgara (2) sArAvalI - (3) sAhitya-laharI (4) bhAgavata-bhASA (5) sUra-rAmAyaNa (6) dazamaskandha bhASA (7) sUrasAgara-sAra (8) mAnalIlA (9) rAdhArasakelikautuhala (10) govardhana-lIlA (sarasa-lIlA) (11) dAnalIlA (12) bhaMvaragIta (13) nAgalIlA (14) byAhalo (15) prANapyArI (16) dRSTikUTa ke pada (17) sUrazataka (18) sUrasAThI (19) sUra-paccIsI (20) sevAphala (21) harivaMza TIkA (22) sUradAsa ke vinaya Adi ke sphuTa pada (23) ekAdazI mAhAtmya (24) nala-damayantI (25) rAma-janma parantu ye sabhI grantha sUradAsa ke nahIM ho sakate haiM kyoMki inameM se kucha meM sUradAsa kI priyazailI tathA viSaya kI bhinnatA hai| kaI grantha to sUrasAgara ke hI kucha padoM kA

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saMgraha mAtra hai| DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta ne sUrasAgara, sArAvalI tathA sAhityalaharI ina tInoM granthoM ko hI sUradAsa kRta mAnA hai| prANapyArI ko saMdigdha tathA nala-damayantI, harivaMzaTIkA, rAmajanma tathA ekAdazI mahAtmya ina cAroM kRtiyoM ko unhoMne aprAmANika mAnA hai| zeSa 16 kRtiyoM ko DaoN0 gupta ne sUrasAgara tathA sAhityalaharI kA hI aMza mAnA hai tathA unheM prAmANika batAyA hai| dRSTikUTa grantha kA ullekha DaoN0 gupta ne nahIM kiyA hai| sUranirNayakAra zrI dvArakAdAsa pArIkha tathA prabhudayAla "mittala" ne sUrasAThI-sUra paccIsI, sevAphala aura "sUradAsa ke vinaya Adi ke sphUTa pada" nAmaka grantha kI sUradAsa kI racanAe~ hone kA svIkAra kiyA hai| ina lekhakoM ne ina kRtiyoM kA jo paricaya diyA hai, vaha nimna prakAra hai(1) sUrasAThI : "vArtA" ke anusAra sUradAsa ne isakI racanA eka baniye ke lie kI thii| ataH yaha eka svataMtra racanA hai sUrasAgara meM jina sthAna para yaha prApta hotI hai, vahA~ isakI asaMgati spaSTa dRSTigocara hotI hai| (2) sUra-paccIsI : "vArtA" ke anusAra isakI racanA sUradAsa se akabara kI bheMTa ke samaya huI thI, ataH yaha bhI svataMtra racanA hai| (3) sevAphala :- . . . mahAprabhu vallabhAcAryajI ke saMskRta grantha 'sevAphala' ke vivaraNa svarUpa sUradAsa ne isakI racanA kI thii| mahAprabhujI ne apane sevAphala vivaraNa nAmaka grantha meM kahA hai * "sevAyAM phltrym| alaukikasAmarthya, sAyujyaM sevopayogirdaiho vA vaikuNtthaadissu|" sUradAsa racita "sevAphala" meM bhI "vaikuMThAdiSu" kA vizeSataH spaSTa ullekha hone se yaha bhI eka svataMtra racanA hai| (4) sUradAsa ke pada :- isameM sUra ke sphuTa padoM kA saMgraha hai| sUradAsa ne mandira meM prArthanA Adi ke rUpa meM tathA katipaya vyaktiyoM ko vairAgya Adi kA upadeza dete hue choTe-choTe padoM kI racanA kI thI, una saba kA samAveza isameM ho jAtA hai| ... katipaya vidvAnoM ke atirikta sabhI sUra-sAhitya ke AlocakoM ne sUrasArAvalI, sAhityalaharI tathA sUrasAgara ko hI sUra-kRta prAmANika racanAoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH ina kRtiyoM ke viSaya meM hI vistArapUrvaka vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka hai|

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(1) sUra-sArAvalI : "sUra-sArAvalI" jaisA ki unake nAma se hI vidita hotA hai ki yaha svataMtra racanA na hokara sUrasAgara kI anukramaNikA hai| sambhava hai ki svayaM sUradAsa ne ina padoM kI racanA kara sUrasAgara kI bhUmikA svarUpa rakha diyA ho parantu yadi sArAvalI tathA sUrasAgara kI dhyAnapUrvaka tulanA kI jAya to spaSTa hotA hai ki sArAvalI meM aneka aise sthala milate haiM, jo sUrasAgara meM nahIM haiN| sArAvalI kI prAmANikatA : sUra ke prAyaH sabhI AlocakoM ne sArAvalI kI prAmANikatA para gahanatA se vicAra kiyA hai| isameM adhikAMza Alocaka "sArAvalI" ko sUrakRta mAnane ke pakSadhara haiN| DaoN0 kRSNadAsa, lAlA bhagavAna dIna, DaoN0 benIprasAda, DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA, DaoN. dInadayAla gupta, dvArakAdAsa pArIkha, prabhudayAla mittala, DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA, DaoN0 bhramaralAla jozI Adi aneka vidvAn isa grantha ko sUra-kRta mAnate haiN| parantu mizra bandhu tathA DaoN0 rAmaratana bhaTanAgara ise saMdigdha racanA mAnate haiM evaM DaoN0 brajezvara varmA tathA DaoN0 premanArAyaNa TaMDana isako sarvathA aprAmANika racanA mAnate haiN| DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta ne sArAvalI ko sUra kI racanA mAnane ke pakSa meM aneka pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| unameM se mukhya isa prakAra se haiM(1) isa grantha meM vyakta vicAra vallabha-sampradAyI-vicAroM se sAmya rakhate haiN| (2) vallabhAcArya ne sRSTi-vikAsa meM 28 tattva mAne haiN| sArAvalI meM bhI 28 tattvoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| (3) sUrasAgara evaM sArAvalI meM bhAva-sAmya ke sAtha-sAtha AtmaviSayaka kathanoM meM bhI sAmya hai| (4) sUra ke jaisA hI lAlitya-pUrNa brajabhASA kA svarUpa sArAvalI meM vidyamAna hai| (5) sUrasAgara ke anurUpa bhAvoM ke dRSTikUTa pada sArAvalI meM haiN| (6) sUra ke nAma kI jo chApe sUrasAgara meM haiM, ve sUra sArAvalI meM bhI hai| ___anta meM Apa kahate haiM ki cAra chaH zabdoM ko pakar3akara jo sambhavataH aba taka chape sUrasAgaroM meM nahIM milate, isa grantha ko sUrakRta na kahanA ucita nahIM hai| "prakSipta" zabda aura vAkya sUra ke sabhI granthoM meM ho sakate haiN| ataeva yaha racanA ke vicAra se sUrakRta hI hai|60 varNya-viSaya : sArAvalI kA prArambha sUradAsa ke prasiddha pada "bandaU zrI haripada sukhadAyI" se -900

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hotA hai| isake bAda isameM "sAra" aura "sarasI" nAma ke 1107 chanda haiN| pUrNa brahma prakaTa puruSottama ke nityavihAra kA ullekha karane ke bAda kavi ne holI ke rUpa meM sRSTi racanA kA varNana kiyA hai| sUra sArAvalI ke pratipAdya kA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai(ka) brahma kA nitya vihAra :-brahma kA rUpa, vRndAvana kA rUpa, rAdhA aura kRSNa kA vihaar| (kha) sRSTi-vistAra :-brahma kI utpatti, brahmA dvArA sRSTi racanA, devAsura saMgrAma (ga) caubIsa avatAra :-vArAha, sanakAdi, yajJapuruSa, kapila, dattAtreya, nara-nArAyaNa, hari, haMsa, pRthu, RSabhadeva, hayagrIva, matsya, kUrma, nRsiMha, nArada, manu, dhanvantari, parazurAma, rAma, vyAsa, kalki, vAmana evaM kRSNa avtaar| (gha) zrIrAma-caritra :-bAla-caritra vizvAmitra kI yajJa-rakSA, rAmasItA-vivAha, parazurAmasaMvAda, ayodhyA gamana, rAma-vanavAsa, sItAharaNa, sItA kI khoja, laMkA-vijaya tathA raamraajy| (Ga) zrIkRSNa-caritra :-janma, mathurA se gokula gamana, kaMsa dvArA bAlikAvadha, gokula meM janmotsava, pUtanAvadha, tRNAvarta-vadha, nAmakaraNa-saMskAra, kAgAsUra-vadha, bAla-lIlA, Ukhala bandhana, gokula se prasthAna, brahmA kA moha, vividha lIlAe~, kaMsa kA nimaMtraNa, mallayuddha, kaMsavadha, ugrasena ko rAjya, gurukulazikSA, mathurA se Ane para braja kI smRti, uddhava kA brajagamana, uddhava gopI saMvAda, uddhava kA pratyAgamana, jarAsaMdha kA mathurA para AkramaNa, mucukunda kI kathA, parvatadAha, rukmiNI se vivAha, anya vivAha, gRhastha jIvana, pradyumna aura aniruddha kA janma, kurukSetra snAna tathA brajavAsiyoM se bheMTa, yudhiSThira kA rAjasUya yajJa, zizupAlavadha, duryodhana-bhrama, dyUtakrIr3A, draupadI kA apamAna, dUta kArya, mahAbhArata kA yuddha tathA bhISma-pratijJA, anya lIlAe~, sudAmA lIlA, rAjA nRga kI kathA, baladeva kA braja Agamana, baladeva kI tIrtha yAtrA, bhUmA para kRpA tathA bajravAsa kI smRti| (ca) rAdhA-kRSNa kA nitya vihAra :-braja kI nikuMjalIlA, dAnalIlA, mAnalIlA, dRSTakUTa kRSNa vihAralIlA, rAgarAginI varNana, nitya vihAra, vasanta khela (dainika krama se), holikAtsava, vAdya-varNana, holI khela kA zeSAMza, vanavihAra tathA kRSNa-caritra kI prmpraa|61 isa para vistAra se daSTi DAlI jAya to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa kRti kA varNya-viSaya sUrasAgara ke jaisA hI hai, kevala AkAra meM antara hai| sUrasAgara kA vistRta varNana, sArAvalI meM saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kaI Alocaka isI kAraNa ise sUrasAgara kA sUcIpatra mAnate haiM; parantu vAstava meM aisA nahIM hai| sArAvalI eka svataMtra racanA hai| kavi ne isameM caubIsa avatAroM kA ullekha karate hue rAmAvatAra kA vistRta - -

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varNana kiyA hai parantu sarvAdhika mahattva kRSNAvatAra ko hI diyA hai| isameM kRSNa-lIlA kA kramika vikAsa nirUpita huA hai| sArAvalI kA upasaMhAra karate hue, isakI mahattA kI carcA karate mahAkavi sUra ne batAyA hai ki "jo isa saMvat sAralIlA ko gAyeMge aura yugala caraNa ko apane citta meM dhAraNa kareMge, ve garbhAvAsa ke bandIkhAne phira nahIM aayeNge|" sarasa saMmatasara lIlA-gAveM, yugala citta laavai| garabhavAsa bandIkhAne meM, sUra bahuri nahi aavai|| mudraNa aura prakAzana : __ saMvat 1898 vi0 (I0saM0 1841) meM rAgakalpadruma ke antargata chApe sUrasAgara ke sAtha hI sUrasArAvalI kA prathama bAra prakAzana huA thaa| isakA punarmudraNa navalakizora presa, lakhanaU dvArA prakAzita sUrasAgara ke sAtha saMvat 1920 vi0 (I0saM0 1863) meM huA thaa| veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI ke sUrasAgara ke sAtha saMvat 1953 vi0 (I0saM0 1886) meM sArAvalI kA tIsarI bAra prakAzana huA thaa| tatpazcAt vahA~ se punaHmudraNoM meM sArAvalI kA nirantara prakAzana hotA rhaa| sArAvalI ke ina tInoM mudraNoM meM samAnatA pAI jAtI hai| lekina bAda ke saMskaraNoM meM tatsama zabda zuddha karake likhane kI pravRtti dRSTigocara hotI hai| veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI ke banda hone ke kAraNa Age calakara isakA prakAzana nahIM huA parantu zrI prabhudayAla mittala ne saMvat 2014 vi0 (I0saM0 1956) meM sArAvalI kA susampAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita karAyA hai| isase sArAvalI ke adhyayana kA mArga prazasta huA hai|62 (2) sAhitya-laharI : jisa prakAra sArAvalI ko kaI Alocaka sUra kI prAmANika racanA nahIM mAnate usI taraha "sAhitya-laharI" ko bhI saMdigdha racanA mAnate haiN| isa kRti meM kavi kA kAvyAcArya rUpa pramukha hai, unakA bhakta rUpa gauNa hai isalie aneka samIkSakoM ne ise sUra kA grantha na mAna kara isakI aprAmANikatA ghoSita kI hai| DaoN0 brajezvara zarmA ne likhA hai ki "eka to yaha sAhitya laharI ke praNayana meM kavi kI mUlapreraNA sAhityika haibhakti nahIM tathA dUsarI bAta yaha ki ina dRSTikUTa kahe jAne vAle padoM meM rAdhA aura rAdhA kRSNa ke nakhazikha ke varNana nahIM haiN| kucha pada zrRMgAra se sambaddha hote hue bhI rAdhA kA ullekha nahIM karate tathA kucha spaSTatayA rAdhA aura dAmpatya rati se asambandha haiN|" sAhitya-laharI meM jo zrRMgAra varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha "raso vai saH" ativAkya ke anusAra bhagavAn ke hI rasarUpa tathA Ananda rUpa kI abhivyakti hai, jisakA nirUpaNa sUra ne isa kRti meM kiyA hai| =1028

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isa dRSTi se yaha sUra kA grantha hai| DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA bhI ise sUra kI prAmANika racanA svIkAra karate haiN| inake alAvA bhI aneka samIkSakoM ne ise sUrakRta prAmANika grantha mAnA hai jo sarvathA ucita hai| varNya viSaya : sUra ne sAhitya-laharI meM bhagavAn kI kizora lIlAoM ko hI apanA viSaya banAyA hai| isa grantha meM dRSTikUTa padoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| sUrasAgara kI apekSAkRta isameM adhika pANDitya hone ke kAraNa yaha eka kAvya zAstrIya-grantha pratIta hotA hai| isameM nAyikA bheda, alaMkAra, rasa-nirUpaNa Adi ke udAharaNa svarUpa aneka pada upasthita kiye gae haiN| nAyikA bheda meM parakIyA bhAva kA svara saba se U~cA hai| kavi ne nAyikAoM ke anekAneda bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jo 108 bheda haiN| lekina dRSTikUTa zailI meM pratyakSaapratyakSa rUpa meM bhagavAn rasikezvara kRSNa kI hI lIlAoM kA gAna milatA hai| isa kRti meM kavi kA uddezya bhakti-bhAvanA ke pracAra kI apekSA camatkAravAdI adhika rahA hai| kavi kA praur3ha AcAryatva prakaTa karatI yaha eka prasiddha kAvya-zAstrIya kRti rahI hai| parantu gahanatA se dekhA jAya to vaiSNava paramparA meM bhaktibhAvanA kI abhivyakti kI yaha eka rIti hai| zrImad bhAgavat meM isa bAta kA spaSTa saMketa milatA hai| bhagavAn zrI kRSNa ke kAvyokta prakAroM se ramaNa karane ke kAraNa kAvya-kathAoM meM bhI usakA isa prakAra nirUpaNa milatA hai| sUra-nirNayakAroM ne sAhityalaharI ko zrI kRSNa kI ramaNalIlAoM kI zrRMkhalA meM eka mahattvapUrNa kar3I mAnate hue likhA hai ki "sAhitya-laharI kA nAma aura usakA bAhya kalevara kAvya sAhitya kA sUcaka hote hue bhI vaha bhakti kI uccatama bhAvanA se anuprANita hai| isase kavi kA uddezya bhagavAn zrI kRSNa kI rahasyamayI lIlAoM kA gAna karanA mAtra thA, sAhitya-netRtva karanA nhiiN|"333 - isa prakAra sAhityalaharI kAvya grantha hote hue bhI bhakti-bhAvanA se ota-prota kRti hai jisameM zrI kRSNa kI ramaNa-lIlAoM kA kAvyazAstrIya paddhati se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| mudraNa aura prakAzana : ' sAhitya laharI kI sabase purAnI do saTIka pratiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM, usakI koI hastalikhita kRti aba taka prApta nahIM huI hai| eka prati meM sUradAsa kavi kI TIkA hai tathA dUsarI meM sUradAsa kI TIkA ke sAtha bhAratendu harizcandra kI TippaNI bhI hai| ina donoM pratiyoM meM AMzika antara bhI hai| sUradAsa kavi kI TIkA sahita sAhityalaharI ke prAcInatama rUpa kI khoja kA zreya prabhudayAla mittala ko hai| isakA sarvaprathama prakAzana I0saM0 1869 meM lAITa-presa (banArasa) meM huA thaa| bAda meM I0 1890, dUsarI bAra navalakizora presa, lakhanaU se tathA tIsarI bAra I0saM0 1895 meM khar3agavilAsa presa, bAMkIpura tathA cauthI bAra I0saM0 1939 meM 1038

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pustaka bhaMDAra, lahariyA-sarAya se usakA prakAzana huA thaa| idhara san 1981 me mittalajI ne sAhityasaMsthAna, mathurA se sAhityalaharI kA saMskaraNa prakAzita karAyA thaa| isake atirikta DaoN0 manamohana gautama ne bhI eka saMskaraNa kA prakAzana kraayaa| (3) sUrasAgara : sUradAsa kI kIrti kA AdhAra sUrasAgara hai| yaha inakA prAmANika tathA pramukha grantha hai| isa grantha kI prAmANikatA "vArtA" se bhI jJAta hotI hai isameM sUra ke zrImad bhAgavat ke AdhAra para dvAdaza skandhoM kI racanA karane kA ullekha hai| sUrasAgara vAstava meM sUra kI sArI racanAoM kA samuccaya hai jo eka vizAla sAgara kI bhA~ti hai jisameM sUra jaise mahAn kavi ne bhAvanAoM tathA vicAroM kI muktA bhara dI hai| sUrasAgara nAmakaraNa : caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA ke andara sUradAsa kI vArtA se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAprabhu vallabhAcArya ne sUradAsa ko jaba bhaktimArga kI dIkSA dI to unhoMne sUradAsa ko zrImad bhAgavata, dazamaskandha ke sAra rUpa meM racita anukramaNikA aura usI skandha kI racita subodhinI nAmaka TIkA ke sUkSma jJAna se avagata karAyA thaa| isake sAtha hI unhoMne usa puruSottama ke sahasranAma grantha kA tattva bhI sUradAsa ko samajhAyA thA, jisakI racanA unhoMne sampUrNa bhAgavata ke sAra rUpa meM kI thii| isa jJAnarAzi ko pAkara sUradAsa ke hRdaya meM bhAgavata lIlAoM ke gAyana kI sphUrti kA udbhava huaa| vallabhAcArya kI kRpA se bhAgavata kI lIlAoM kA rasasAgara hI bhakta kavi sUra ke hRdaya meM umar3a par3A thaa| sUradAsa ke hajAroM pada usa rasa-sAgara kI laharoM kI bhA~ti haiM, jo Aja bhI pAThakoM ko bhAva-vibhora banA dete haiN| mahAprabhu vallabhAcArya sUra ke hRdaya kI vizAlatA ko lakSya kara unheM "sAgara" kahA karate the| sUradAsa kI vArtA meM ullekha hai ki "so sAgara kAhe te kahiyata hai? jAme saba padAratha hoI tAko sAgara khie"| AcAryajI dvArA pradatta upAdhi ke AdhAra para Age calakara sUradAsajI ko "sAgara" kahA jAne lagA tathA kAlAntara meM unake kRtitva ke lie sUrasAgara kA prayoga huaa| sUradAsa andhe the ataH unake padoM ke saMkalana kA kArya unake svara-sahAyakoM ne kiyaa| pahale jo choTe-choTe saMkalana taiyAra hue, unheM sUrapadAvalI aura jo bar3e saMkalana taiyAra hue, unheM sUrasAgara kA nAma diyA gyaa| pada-saMkalana kI dRSTi se sUrasAgara ke do rUpa milate haiM-saMgrahAtmaka tathA skndhaatmk| saMgrahAtmaka rUpa meM padoM kA saMkalana viSaya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai jabaki skandhAtmaka svarUpa kA mUlAdhAra zrImad bhAgavat hai| jisa prakAra bhAgavat kA pratipAdya bAraha skandhoM meM vibhakta hai, usI bhA~ti sUrasAgara ke pratipAdya ko bhI bAraha skandhoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| -908

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ina donoM prakAroM kI aneka pratiyA~ milatI haiM jisameM apane-apane DhaMga se viSaya kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| saukarya kI dRSTi se saMgrahAtmaka pATha ke sthAna para sUra ke adhyetAoM ne dvAdaza skandhAtmaka pATha hI adhika grAhya mAnA hai| nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI kA skandhAtmaka rUpa jo sarvAdhika zuddha aura prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai, usameM dvAdaza skandhoM ke AkAra vistAra kI vivRti nimna prakAra se dI haiskandha pada-saMkhyA pRSTha-saMkhyA prathama (a) vinaya ke pada 223 1 se 62 __ (A) zrIbhAgavata prasaMga 63 se 114 dvitIya 115 se 127 tRtIya 128 se 137 138 se 149 150 se 154 caturtha 'P ww paMcama SaSTha se saptama aSTama navama 149 ekAdaza dvAdaza pariziSTa (1)65 . 170 se 179 180 se 254 dazama (a) pUrvArddha 4160 255 se 1646 - (A) uttarArddha / 1647 se 1717 1718 se 1720 1721 se 1724 203 1 se 66 pariziSTa (2)66 67 se 86 isa prakAra sUrasAgara meM prathama se dvAdaza-skandhoM meM kula 4936 pada haiN| prathamaskandha meM vinaya ke pada tathA zrIbhAgavata ke prasaMgoM kA kavi ne samAveza kiyA hai| vistAra kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to dazama skandha sabase bar3A hai jisameM 4309 pada haiM tathA isameM bhI isakA pUrvArddha sarvAdhika bar3A hai| agara pariziSTa bhAgoM ke 473 padoM kA yoga kareM to sampUrNa grantha meM 5409 pada hote haiN| sUra ne isa vizAlakAya grantha meM mukhyataH zrIkRSNalIlAoM kA hI gAna kiyA hai parantu prasaMgAnusAra dUsare viSayoM ke pada bhI milate haiN| yahA~ hama sUrasAgara ke sabhI skandhoM kA saMkSepa meM vihagAvalokana prastuta kara rahe haiM =709 67

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(1) prathama skandha : (a) vinaya ke pada :-"carana kamala bandau harirAI" kI maMgala prArthanA ke . sAtha sUrasAgara kA zubhArambha hotA hai| sarvaprathama sUra paramAtmA kI asIma anukampA kA ullekha karake unake caraNoM meM natamastaka hote haiN| dUsare pada meM sUra ne "brahma kA rUparekha guna--binu" rUpa bhramAtmaka hone se use saba vidhi agama ghoSita karake saguna pada gAne kI utkaMThA pradarzita kI hai| bAda meM Izvara ke bhakta-vAtsalya kA smaraNa kara karmoM kI vyarthatA, mAyA-varNana, avidyA-varNana, nAma-mahimA, vinatI, dInatA, sAdhanahInatA tathA sAMsArika-asAratA ityAdi vividha tathyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| sUra ke ina padoM meM unake "Atma-dainya" bhAva kA sarvAdhika nirUpaNa huA hai| ataH ye pada vinaya ke pada kahe jAte haiN| sUra ke ina padoM ko lekara vidvAnoM ne aneka anumAna kiye haiN| kaI vidvAna inheM sUra kI prArambhika racanAe~ mAnanA tarkasaMgata mAnate haiN| unake matAnusAra isameM sUra kA vidhiyAna varNita hai, jise vallabhAcArya ne chur3AyA thaa| kaI vidvAna sUra ke vRddhAvasthA kI racanAoM ke rUpa meM inheM svIkAra karate haiM parantu isa sambandha meM DaoN0 brajezvara zarmA kA mata draSTavya hai jise adhikAMza vidvAnoM ne ucita mAnA hai| ve likhate haiM ki-"sUra kI prArambhika dainya bhAvanA sarvathA lupta nahIM ho gaI thii| kabhI-kabhI usakA bhI prakAzana hotA rahA hogaa| yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana-sandhyA ke nikaTa Ate-Ate vaha dainya kadAcit punaH kavi ke cetanAstara para Akara mukhara ho gyaa|"67 (A) zrImadbhAgavata prasaMga : sUrasAgara ke prathama skandha meM vinaya ke padoM ke pazcAt zrImadbhAgavata prasaMga ke 120 padoM meM sUra ne bhAgavata ke prathama skandha ke 19 adhyAyoM kI kathA atyanta saMkSepa meM nirUpita kara dI hai| bhAgavata kathA kA mAhAtmya pradarzita karate hue sUradAsa ne zrIzuka janma, zrImadbhAgavata ke vaktA-zrotA, sUta-zaunaka saMvAda, vyAsa avatAra tathA bhAgavata avatAra ke kAraNa ko ullekhita kiyA hai| Age ke padoM meM nAma-mahimA, viduragRha, bhagavAn kA bhojana, bhagavAn kA duryodhana se saMvAda, dropadI-sahAya, pANDava-rAjyAbhiSeka, yudhiSThira prati bhISmopadeza, mahAbhArata meM bhagavAn kI bhakta-vatsalatA, arjuna-duryodhana kA dRSTa gRha-gamana, bhISma ke prati duryodhana vacana, bhISma-pratijJA, arjuna ke prati bhagavAn ke vacana, bhagavAn kA cakradhAraNa, arjuna aura bhISma kA saMvAda, bhISma kA deha-tyAga, bhagavAn kA dvArikA-gamana, kuMti kA vinaya Adi prasaMgoM ke pada haiN| isake bAda ke padoM meM dhRtarASTra kA vairAgya tathA vanagamana, hariviyoga pANDavoM kA rAjya tyAga, arjuna kA dvArikA jAnA tathA kRSNa ke vaikuNTha sidhArane ke samAcAroM se =106 =

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pANDavoM ko avagata karAnA, garbha meM parIkSita rakSA tathA usakA janma, parIkSita-kathA, manaprabodha tathA citta-buddhi saMvAda kA varNana milatA hai| sUra ne parIkSita kI mokSakAmanA ke prasaMga meM saMsAra kI asAratA tathA nazvaratA ke aneka pada race haiM jisameM bhagavAn kI bhakti ko hI jIvana sArthaka banAne kA mUla mantra mAnA hai| "viSaya kI dRSTi se dekheM to isa skandha meM bhakti mAhAtmya tathA saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA varNana sarvAdhika milatA hai| parantu "bhAgavata" ko dRSTi samakSa rakhakara dekheM to bahuta se avatAroM kA varNana isameM nahIM hai|" dvitIya skandha : __ "sUrasAgara" ke dvitIya skandha meM mAtra 38 pada haiN| bhAgavata ke dasa adhyAyoM kI vistRta kathA ko sUra ne yahA~ saMkSepa meM vivecita kiyA hai| kavi ne zukadeva dvArA sAta dina hari kathA ke prastAva se isa skandha kA prArambha karake bhakti-mahimA, hari-vimukha niMdA, satsaMga-mahimA, bhaktisAdhanA, vairAgya-varNana, AtmajJAna, virATarUpa darzana, AratI nRpa vicAra, zrIzukadeva ke prati parIkSaNa vacana, zrIzukadeva-vacana, zukadeva kathita nArada-brahmA saMvAda, catuviMzati avatAra varNana, brahmA-vacana nArada ke prati, brahmA kI utpatti, catuHzloka, zrImukha vAkya ityAdi kA varNana kara isa skandha kA samApana kiyA hai| tRtIya skandha : sUra ne isa skandha ko bhI saMkSepa meM nirUpita kara bhAgavata ke 33 adhyAyoM kA varNana mAtra 13 padoM meM karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa skandha meM zrIzuka vacana kA pazcAttApa maitreya-vidura saMvAda, vidura-janma, sanakAdika-rudra-utpatti, vArAha avatAra, jayavijaya kI kathA, kapiladeva avatAra tathA kardama kA zarIra tyAga, devahUti-kapila saMvAda, bhakti viSayaka praznottara, bhagavAn kA dhyAna, caturvidha bhakti, harivimukha kI niMdA tathA bhakti-mahimA kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA hai| caturtha skandha : zrImadbhAgavata ke isa skandha ke 31 adhyAyoM ko sUra ne 13 padoM meM varNita kiyA hai| dattAtreya. avatAra se isa skandha kA Arambha karake kavi ne isameM yajJapuruSa avatAra, pArvatI-vivAha (saMkSipta), dhruva kathA, pRthu avatAra, puraMjana kathA tathA anta meM jJAnagurumahimA ke sAtha yaha skandha samApta kiyA hai| paMcama skandha :- "sUrasAgara" ke isa skandha meM mAtra cAra pada haiN| ina padoM meM RSabhadeva ke avatAra, jar3abharata kI kathA tathA jar3abharata-rahUgaNasaMvAda kI kathA kA samovaza hotA hai| yaha varNana bhAgavatAnusAra hai| =7os

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SaSTha skandha : isa skantha meM ATha pada haiM / sUra ne parIkSita prazna, zrIzukadeva uttara, ajAmiloddhAra, vizvarUpa aura vRtrAsura kI kathAoM kA saMkSipta varNana karate hue guru-sAmarthya, sadAcArazikSA (nahuSa kI kathA) evaM ahalyA kI kathA kA bhI isI skandha meM sundara samAveza kiyA hai| saptama skandha : SaSTa skandha kI bhA~ti isa skandha ke bhI ATha pada haiN| isameM zrInRsiMha avatAra, bhagavAn ziva ko sAhAyya pradAna, nArada utpatti kI kathAe~ nirUpita kI gaI haiN| aSTama skandha : sUrasAgara ke isa skandha meM 17 pada haiN| isameM gajamocana avatAra, kUrma avatAra, samudra-maMthana, amRta-prApti, bhagavAn kA mohinI rUpa dhAraNa karanA, devoM kA amRta-pAna, mohinI rUpa meM zaMkara ko chalanA, sunda-upasunda vadha, vAmana avatAra tathA matsyAvatAra kI kathAe~ haiN| navama skandha : yaha skandha kucha bar3A hai isameM 174 padoM kA samAveza hotA hai| bhAgavata ke adhyAyAnusAra isameM rAjA pururavA kA vairAgya, cyavana RSi, haladhara-vivAha, rAjA ambarISa kI kathA, somari RSi kI kathA, zrI gaMgA-Agamana, viSNu-pAdodaka stuti, parazurAma avatAra tathA isake bAda rAma-kathA kA savistAra varNana hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM varNita rAmakathA se bhI sUrasAgara meM yaha kathA adhika bhAvapUrNa evaM vistRta rUpa se nirUpita huI hai| kavi ne isa kathA meM bAlakAMDa, ayodhyAkAMDa, araNyakAMDa, kiSkandhAkAMDa, sundarakAMDa evaM laMkA kAMDa kA varNana karate samaya sampUrNa kathA ko kramazaH varNana na karake bhAva pUrNa sthaloM para sphuTa padoM kI marmasparzI racanA kI hai| Upara ke skandhoM meM kavi ne mAtra vivaraNAtmaka zailI meM kathAoM kA varNana kiyA hai parantu rAma ke caritra varNana meM unakA mana rasavibhora ho uThA hai| kauzalyA kA vAtsalya tathA rAma ke 'vajrAdapi' kaThora tathA 'kusumAdapi' mRduhRdaya ko kavi ne khUba nikaTatA se samajhA hai|68 rAma kI kathA ke bAda kaca-devayAnI tathA devayAnI-yayAti-vivAha prasaMga kI kathAe~ saMkSepa meM varNita haiM parantu bhAgavatAnusAra duSyanta bharata tathA anya kaI rAjavaMzoM kA ullekha sUra ne lezamAtra bhI nahIM kiyA hai| dazama skandha :-( pUrvArddha) sUrasAgara kA saba se bar3A skandha dazama skandha hai| isake pUrvArddha meM zrI kRSNa caritra ko vistAra se varNita kiyA gayA hai| sUra ko hindI sAhitya meM jo mUrdhanya sthAna =108= -

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milA hai, usakA ekamAtra zreya isI dazama skandha ko hai| zrI kRSNa lIlA-varNana meM kavi ne kahIM bhAgavata kA sahArA liyA hai evaM kahIM para svataMtra udbhAvanAoM ke AdhAra para isako nirUpita kiyA hai| sUra kA mana inhIM racanAoM meM sarvAdhika ramA hai| ___ zrI kRSNa lIlA-varNana meM pUtanA vadha, zrIdhara aMga-bhaMga, kAgAsura vadha, sakaTAsura vadha, tRNAvarta vadha, nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, varSagA~Tha, ghuTukho calanA, pA~voM calanA, bAla chavi kA varNana, karNa chedana, candra prastAna kalevA varNana, krIDana pAMDe Agamata, zAligrAma prasaMga, mAkhanacora, ulUkhana bandhana, yamalArjuna uddhAra kI dUsarI kathA, godohana, vRndAvanaprastAva, gocAraNa, bakAsura vadha, adhAsura vadha, brahmAH vatsa-haraNa, bAla-vatsa haraNa kI dUsarI lIlA, dhenuka lIlA, kAlIdAha-jalapAna, brajapradeza kI zobhA, kamalapuSpa mA~ganA, kAlIdamana kI lIlA, dAvAnala pAna lIlA, pralamba vadha, muralI stuti, gopikA vacana, zrIrAdhA-kRSNa milApa sukha vilAsa, gRhagamana, rAdhikA kA yazodA gRha gamana, cIraharaNa lIlA, dUsarI cIra-haraNa lIlA, yajJa patnI lIlA, yajJa patnI vacana, govardhana pUjA, govardhana dhAraNa, giridhAraNa lIlA, govardhana kI dUsarI lIlA, gopAdi kI bAtacIta, amara stuti tathA kRSNAbhiSeka, indrasaraNAgamana, varuNa se nanda ko chur3AnA, rAsa paMcAdhyAyI Arambha, zrI kRSNa vivAha varNana, zrI kRSNa kA antardhyAna ho jAnA, gopI gIta, rAsanRtya tathA jalakrIr3A, vidyAdhara-zApamocana, vRndAvana vihAra, zaMkhacUDa vadha, zrI kRSNa jyonAra, muralI ke prati gopI vacana, gopiyoM ke prati muralI vacana, paraspara gopI vacana, zrI kRSNa kA brajAgamana, vRSabhAsura vadha, kezIvadha, vyAmAsuravadha, panaghaTa lIlA, dAnalIlA, grISmalIlA, dampatti vihAra, khaMDitA prakaraNa, rAdhA kA mAna, bar3I mAna lIlA, jhUlana tathA vasanta lIlA, akrUra-brajAgamana, gopikAoM kI udvignatA, zrI kRSNa ke pati yazodA vacana, paraspara gopiyoM kA vacana, akrUra dvArA zrI kRSNa kI stuti, akrUra pratyAgamana, zrI kRSNa kA mathurAgamana, dhanuSabhaMga lIlA, kuvalayAvadha, hastIvadha, vasudeva darzana, yajJopavIta utsava, nanda vidAI, yazodA vilApa, gopI viraha varNana, pAvasa prasaMga, candropAlambha, uddhava braja Agamana, nanda vacana, uddhava vacana, braja nara-nArI vacana, uddhava vacana evaM gopI vacana, zyAma raMga para tarka, yazodA kA saMdeza, uddhava Agamana, saMkSipta bhramaragIta, uddhava vacana-gopI vacana, uddhavapratyAgamana, zrI kRSNa vacana, zrI kRSNa kA akrUra gRhagamana Adi prasaMgoM kA varNana milatA hai| ... isa vividha prasaMgoM ke varNana meM kavi ne sarvAdhika 160 padoM kI racanA kI hai| jahA~ taka sUra kI navIna evaM svataMtra udbhAvanAoM kA savAla hai, ve nimna prakAra se hai| DaoN0 bhramaralAla jozI ne apane zodha grantha meM inakA bar3A hI sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| yathA(1) bhAgavata meM kevala nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA varNana hai parantu sUrasAgara meM isake alAvA annaprAzana Adi vividha prasaMga haiM, jo sUra kI maulika udbhAvanAe~ haiN| -90

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(2) kAliyadamana kI kathA bhAgavata AdhAra para hai lekina kavi ne apanI kalpanA se ise navIna rUpa diyA hai jo bhAgavata se bhI svabhAvika varNana bana par3A hai| (3) rAdhA kI udbhAvanA karake sUra ne kathA kA bhAgavata se adhika rocakatA pradAna kI hai| kavi kA rAdhA-kRSNa varNana manovaijJAnika dharAtala bhI sahI utaratA hai| (4) yajJa-patnI-lIlA prasaMga meM bhI kavi kA maulika parivartana draSTavya hai| (5) rAsalIlA meM anya gopiyoM meM rAdhA kI pramukhatA, kRSNa ke sAtha usakA vivAha, rAdhAkRSNa-vihAra, rAsa karate hue rAdhA-kRSNa kA antardhyAna honA Adi sUra kI bhavya maulikatA hai| (6) rAdhA-kRSNa kI rasakeli ke sAtha-sAtha kavi ne brajAMganAoM meM lalitA, candrAvalI aura vadaraulA kA ullekha bhI maulikatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| .. (7) zrI kRSNa-lIlAoM meM panaghaTa-lIlA, dAnalIlA Adi prasaMga bhI bhAgavata se bilkula svataMtra evaM maulika haiN| (8) jhUlanA tathA vasantalIlA bhI sUra kI apanI pratibhA ke pariNAma haiN| (9) sUrasAgara kA uddhava-gopI saMvAda (bhramaragIta) kavi kI maulikatA kA saba se sundara udAharaNa hai| kavi ne isameM saguNa bhakti ke mahattva ko evaM premA bhakti pravAha ke sAmane jJAna ko mahattvahIna sAbita karane meM sampUrNa saphalatA,prApta kI hai|69 dazama skandha ( uttarArddha) : sUrasAgara ke dazama skandha ke uttarArddha meM 149 pada nirUpita haiN| kRSNa caritra ke Age ke ghaTanAkrama ko kavi ne isa bhAga meM varNita kiyA hai| kAlayavana dahana se isa skandha kA prArambha karake dvArikA praveza, dvArikA kI zobhA, rukmiNI patrikA-prApti, rukmiNI vivAha kI dUsarI lIlA, pradyumna janma, jAmbavatI tathA satyabhAmA kA vivAha, bhaumAsura vadha tathA kalpavRkSa Anayana, rukmiNI parIkSA, pradyumna vivAha, aniruddha vivAha, nRgarAja uddhAra, zrIbalabhrada kA brajagamana, pauMDraka vadha, sudAkSiNa vadha, dvividha vadha, sAmba vivAha, nArada saMzaya, jarAsaMdha vadha, rAjAoM kI prArthanA, pANDava yajJa, zizupAla gati, pANDava sabhA, duryodhana krodha, zAlva vadha, dantacakra vadha, sudAmA caritra, brajanArIvAkya pathika prati, kurukSetra meM zrI kRSNa, yazomati gopI milana, zrI kRSNa kA kurukSetra Agamana, sakhI prati rAdhikA vacana, zrI kRSNa ke prati gopI sandeza, brajavAsiyoM ke prati kRSNa ke vacana, brajavAsI vacana, RSi stuti, devakI putra Anayana, veda stuti, nArada stuti, subhadrA vivAha, janaka zrutadeva aura zrI kRSNa kA milApa, bhasmAsura vadha, bhRgu parIkSA, arjuna ko nija rUpa darzana tathA zaMkhacUDa putra Anayana Adi prasaMgoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| . =110

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isa skandha meM bhI kavi ne kaI sthanoM para jaise brajanAriyoM dvArA pathikoM ko sandezavAhaka banAnA, rAdhA-rukmiNI milana, rAdhA-kRSNa milana Adi meM madhura kalpanA kI hai jo unakI maulikatA kI paricAyaka hai| ekAdaza skandha : isa skandha meM kavi ke kevala cAra pada saMgrahita haiN| prathama do padoM meM uddhava kA kRSNa ke prati bhakti-bhAva evaM Age ke do padoM meM kramazaH nArAyaNa avatAra tathA haMsAvatAra kI saMkSepa meM kathAe~ uddhRta haiN| dvAdaza skandha : sUrasAgara ke isa skandha meM pA~ca pada haiN| isameM kavi ne saMkSepa meM buddhAvatAra, kalki avatAra, rAjA parIkSita kI haripada prApti, janamejaya ke nAga yajJa kI kathAoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| sUrasAgara aura zrImadbhAgavata meM kRSNalIlA ____ kaI vidvAna "sUrasAgara" ko bhAgavata bhAvAnuvAda ke svarUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM parantu sUrasAgara meM nirUpita kRSNa-lIlA kevala bhAgavatAnusAra nahIM hai aneka varNanoM meM , kavi kI maulikatA spaSTa dikhAI detI hai| kavi ne bhAgavata kA AdhAra kevala sUtra rUpa meM hI liyA hai ataH sUrasAgara ko bhAgavata kA bhAvAnuvAda kahanA ucita nahIM hai| ... kevala kRSNalIlA meM hI nahIM varan rAmacaritra sambandhI vividha padoM meM bhI kavi kI maulikatA para koI praznacihna nahIM lagA sktaa| bhAgavata ke anuvAda-svarUpa jitane pada milate haiM, usameM kavi kA mana nahIM ramA hai| ve mAtra pUrti ke pada dikhAI dete haiN| na to unameM utkRSTa kAvya-sauSThava hai aura na hI uccakoTi kI bhkti-bhaavnaa| sUra ke kRSNa lIlA sambandhI pada hI unakI kIrti kA mukhyAdhAra rahe haiN| ataH sUrasAgara bhAgavata kA anuvAda yA chAyAnuvAda nahIM varan sUra kI maulika racanA hai| sUrasAgara kA mudraNa aura prakAzana : . : sUrasAgara kA mudraNa aura prakAzana lIlAtmaka tathA skandhAtmaka donoM rUpoM meM huA hai| lIlA kRta pratiyA~ apekSAkRta purAnI haiN| lIlAtmaka saMskaraNa :.sUrasAgara ke mudraNa kA pahalA prayAsa "saMgIta rAga kalpadruma" ke dvitIya khaNDa meM saMvat 1898-99 meM huA thA, jisakA zreya mahAn saMgItajJa zrI kRSNAnanda vyAsa ko jAtA hai| tatpazcAt dvitIya saMskaraNa saMvat 1920 meM navalakizora presa, lakhanaU ke dvArA kiyA gyaa| isa saMskaraNa ko paryApta prasiddhi milii| saMvat 2027 meM - - - =998

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"saptataraMgAtmaka-sUrasAgara" nAma kA eka saMkSipta saMsmaraNa mathurA nivAsI "zrI bAlamukunda caturvedI" ne krvaayaa| isameM mAtra 1241 pada the tathA grantha ko sAta taraMgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA thaa| bAda meM sUra kRta padoM meM aneka saTIka prakAzita hote rahe parantu isa dizA meM kAzI ke labdha pratiSThita vidvAna paM0 sItArAma caturvedI kA prayAsa sarAhanIya rhaa| inhoMne "sUrasAgara" kA cAra khaNDoM meM saTIka saMskaraNa prakAzita karavAyA thaa| ise akhila bhAratIya vikrama pariSad, kAzI ne prakAzita kiyA thA, jisameM 5393 pada the| inakA yaha prayAsa kAphI hada taka prazaMsanIya hai aba taka ke prakAzita saMsmaraNoM meM yaha saMskaraNa niHsandeha sarvottama hai| skandhAtmaka saMskaraNa : sUrasAgara ke prathama prakAzana 'saMgItarAga kalpadruma' kI lokapriyatA ko dekhakara aneka . prakAzakoM ne sUrasAgara kA prakAzana prArambha kiyaa| inameM jyAdAtara skandhAtmaka saMskaraNa the| paThana-pAThana kI dRSTi se ye upayogI the ataH mathurA, AgarA, dillI, jayapura, banArasa se saMvat 1914 se 1922 ke bIca aneka saMskaraNa nikAle gaye, lekina truTi-mudraNa se ina saMskaraNoM ko vizeSa khyAti nahIM milii| skandhAtmaka saMskaraNa ke prakAzana kA sarvaprathama zreya kAzI ke prakhyAta sAhityakAra bAbU rAdhAkRSNadAsa ko jAtA hai jinhoMne saMvat 1953 meM veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI se sUrasAgara kA saMskaraNa prakAzita krvaayaa| isameM sUra kI jIvanI prakAzita thii| yaha eka saphala prayAsa thA tathA ise prasiddhi bhI milI parantu isameM eka hI truTi thI ki isase isa dhAraNA. ko bala mila rahA thA ki sUrasAgara bhAgavata kA anuvAda hai| tatpazcAt sUrasAgara ke saMskaraNa prakAzana meM sarvAdhika zreya milatA hai bAbU jagannAthadAsa "ratnAkara" ko| unhoMne aneka hastalikhita pratiyoM kA saMkalana kara sampAdana kArya ko Age bddh'aayaa| lekina grantha kI pUrNatA ke pahale hI ve svargavAsI ho gye| unakI icchAnusAra isa kArya ko "nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI" ne apane hAtha meM liyA tathA saMvat 1993 meM sUrasAgara ke ATha khaNDoM kA prakAzana kiyaa| - isameM 1432 tathA 840 pRSTha the| dvitIya mahAyuddha ke kAraNa prakAzana apUrNa raha gyaa| isase sUra-sAhitya ke premiyoM ko nirAzA huI tathA isa nirAzA ke nirAkaraNArtha "sUra-samiti" kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| isa samiti kI dekharekha meM "nandadulAre vAjapeyI" ko sUrasAgara kA eka pATha, bhedarahita sAmAnya saMskaraNa kA kArya sauNpaa| vAjapeyI ne isa kArya ko sampUrNa niSThA ke sAtha pUrNa kiyA tathA sUrasAgara ke prathama bhAga ko san 1948 meM tathA dUsare bhAga ko san 1950 meM prakAzita kiyaa| isa prakAzana meM 5206 pada haiM, isameM se 4936 pada prAmANika mAne jAte haiM, 203 pada saMdigdha tathA 67 pada prakSipta haiN| sUrasAgara ke sabhA-saMskaraNa meM bambaI saMskaraNa se 1147 pada jyAdA haiN| =1128

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isa prakAra sabhA saMskaraNa sUrasAgara ke samasta saMskaraNoM meM niHsandeha uttama tathA apekSAkRta sarvAdhika prAmANika hai| niSkarSa :- . uparyukta pariccheda ke vivecanAnusAra harivaMzapurANakAra jinasena ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ke bAre meM prApta sAmagrI kA abhAva rahA hai| unakI eka mAtra racanA "harivaMzapurANa" kI jAnakArI tathA unake guru evaM saMgha kA nAma jJAta huA hai| unake janma sthAna, mAtA-pitA vaMza, zikSA-dIkSA tathA "harivaMza" ke alAvA anya kRtiyoM kI koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai ataH jaina sAhitya ke itihAsoM meM upalabdha sAmagrI se unakA vyaktitva-kRtitva dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| "sUradAsa" ke sambandha meM to aneka vidvAnoM ne anekAneka anusaMdhAtmaka kArya kiye haiN| ina vidvAnoM dvArA vivecita sAhitya ke AdhAra para hamane sUra ke vyaktitva kA punarmUlyAMkana karane kA taTastha prayAsa kiyA hai| TippaNiyA~ :- . 1. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - prastAvanA DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla - pR0 5 2. . harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - prastAvanA - DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla 3. sargazca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi c| vaMzAnucaritaM caiva purANaM paMca lkssnnm|| (vi0pu0) purANa vimarza - baladeva upAdhyAya - pR0 127 purANa vimarza - baladava u" * 4. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI - pR0 114 5. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI - pR0 114 / 6. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 24 7. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI - pR0 113 8. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 18 9. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 19-20 10. harivaMzapurANa - sampAdaka - pannAlAla jaina - pR0 810 11. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 20 12. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 18 13. . DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI ne apane lekha (iNDiyana kalcara, apraila - 1946) dhAra rAjya ke badanAvara sthAna ko vardhamAnapura kA anumAna kiyA hai| kyoMki vadanAvara meM vardhamAna purAnvaya muniyoM ke 2

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17. aneka lekha upalabdha haiN| parantu isase itanA hI mAlUma hotA hai ki muni usa anvaya ke the jo vardhamAnapura yA baDhavANa se calakara badanAvara pahuMcA thaa| jisa taraha punnATa se bar3havANa Akara jinasena kA munisaMgha punnATAnvayI huaa| 14. hindU bhArata kA utkarSa - le0 sI0vI0 vaidya - pR0 175 15. iNDiyana eNTikverI jilda - 5, pR0 146 / / 16. epigrAphiyA iNDikA - jilda - 6, pRSTha 269 harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 21-22 18. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - nAthUrAma premI - pR0 118 19. harivaMzapurANa - sarga - 66/5 mUlataI (betUla - ma0pra0) meM rASTrakRToM kI jo do prazastiyA~ milI haiM unameM durgarAja, govindarAja, svAmikarAja aura nannarAja nAma ke cAra rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ke nAma diye haiN| saundati ke rASTrakUToM kI dUsarI zAkhA ke bhI eka rAjA kA nAma nanna thaa| buddhagayA se rASTrakUToM kA eka lekha milA hai usameM bhI pahale rAjA kA nAma nanna hai| ojhAjI ne dantivarmA kA samaya vi0saM0 650 ke AsapAsa mAnA hai| unake bAda indrarAjA govindarAja karkarAja hue| karka ke indra, dhruva, kRSNa aura nannarAja cAra putra hue| harivaMzapurANa aura kathAkoza meM varNita nannarAja vasati inhIM nannarAja ke nAma se hoNgii| 21. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 25 22. harivaMzapurANa 23. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA - DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI - pR0 212 24. AdipurANa-jinasena - prathama sarga zloka - 52 25. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI, saMskaraNa - 1956, pR0 123 26. tIrthaMkaraNa mahAvIra svAmI aura unakI AcArya paramparA - DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI - pR0 277 harivaMzapurANa - prastAvanA - pR0 15 28. vishessvaadirgumphishrvnnaabddhyH| aklezAdadhigacchati vizeSAbhyudayaM budhaaH|| pArzvanAtha carita - 29 29. candrAMzazubhrayazasaM prabhAcandrakaviM stuve| kRtvA candrodayaM yena zazvadAhlAditaM jgt| AdipurANa - jinasena - 37 30. harivaMzapurANa - sarga - 1/39 31. harivaMzapurANa - sarga - 45/45-47 32. harivaMzapurANa - sarga - 66/25-33 1 - -

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33. harivaMza kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 31 34. buhajaNa sahassadaiyaM harivaMsuppattiM kArayaM pddhmm| vaMdAmi vaMdiyaM pi hu harivaMza caiva vimalapayaM / kuvalayamAlA - zloka - 38 35. brahmacArI jIvarAja granthamAlA, solApura se prakAzita trilokyaprajJapti ke dvitIya bhAga kI prastAvanA meM usake sampAdaka DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI tathA sva0 DaoN0 e0ena0 upAdhyAya ne trilokyaprajJapti kI anya granthoM ke sAtha tulanA karate hue harivaMza ke sAtha usakI tulanA kI hai aura donoM ke varNana meM kahA~ sAmya hai? kahA~ viSamatA hai? isakI acchI carcA kI hai| 36. harivaMzapurANa - sarga - 1/71-72 37. sUradAsa aura narasI mehatA (tulanAtmaka adhyayana) DaoN0 bhramaralAla jozI - pR0 3 38. sUra aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA - pR0 25 39. sUra sAhitya aura siddhAnta - yajJadatta - pR0 15 40. "sUra-saurabha" - DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA - pR0 41. sUradAsa - DaoN0 bar3athvAla - pR0 25 42. sUra aura usakA sAhitya - DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA - pR0 25 43. sUra-saurabha - DaoN0 muMzIrAma zarmA - pR0 44. sUra aura usakA sAhitya - DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA - pR0 45. sUradAsa aura usakA sAhitya - DaoN0 dezarAjasiMha bhATI - pR0 20 46. sUradAsa aura usakA sAhitya - DaoN0 dezarAjasiMha bhATI - pR0 20 ... "aSTachApa" zrI gokulanAtha kRta - saMkalanakartA - dhIrendra varmA - pR0 4 (caturtha saMskaraNa) 44. "aSTachApa" zrI gokulanAtha kRta - saMkalanakartA - dhIrendra varmA - pR0 4 (caturtha saMskaraNa) 49. : sUra sAhitya aura siddhAnta - yajJadatta zarmA - pR0 23 50. . sUranirNaya - dvArakAdAsa parIkha evaM prabhudayAla mittala - pR0 86 51. sUrasAgara pada saM0 8 - pR0 3 52.. aSTachApa gosvAmI gokulanAtha - pR0 18 53.. caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA 14. aSTachApa zrI gokulanAtha kRta - pR0 18 15. sUradAsa aura unakA sAhitya - dezarAjasiMha bhATI - pR0 25 6. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4356 - pR0 1383 =1158

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57. sUra nirNaya - mittala tathA parIkha - pR0 93 58. sUradAsa aura narasI mehatA (tulanAtmaka adhyayana) - bhramaralAla jozI - pR0 25 . 59. sUradAsa aura narasI mehatA (tulanAtmaka adhyayana) - bhramaralAla jozI - pR0 25 60. aSTachApa aura vallabha sampradAya - DaoN. dInadayAla gupta - pR0 290 61. sUradAsa aura unakA sAhitya - dezarAjasiMha bhATI - pR0 38 sUradAsa vyaktitva aura kRtitva - vedaprakAza Arya - pR0 37 63. sUradAsa aura usakA sAhitya - dezarAjasiMha bhATI - pR0 45 64. sUradAsa vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DaoN0 vedaprakAza Arya - pR0 41 pariziSTa-1 meM ve pada rakhe gaye haiM jo nizcita rUpa se prakSipta nahIM mAne gae yA jinake sambandha meM saMzaya aura jijJAsA ko sthAna hai-sUrasAgara - pariziSTa-1 . 66. pariziSTa-2 meM ve pada haiM jo saMpAdaka kI dRSTi se nizcita rUpa se prakSipta haiN| sUrasAgara - pariziSTa-2 67. sUradAsa - brajezvara zarmA - pR0 37 68. sUradAsa aura narasiMha mehatA - DaoN0 bhramaralAla jozI - pR0 29 69. sUradAsa aura narasiMha mehatA - DaoN0 bhramaralAla jozI - pR0 30 =1168 da -

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3 harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kI kathAvastu digambara jainAcArya jinasena kRta harivaMzapurANa aura sUradAsa racita sUrasAgara donoM vizAlakAya granthoM meM mukhyataH zrI kRSNa-caritra lIlA varNana hai| harivaMzapurANa meM kavi ne harivaMza meM utpanna samasta caritra-varNanoM kA samAveza kiyA hai jisameM ariSTanemi ullekhanIya hai| mahAkavi sUra ne bhAgavata ke aneka prasaMgoM ko sUrasAgara meM nirUpita kiyA hai parantu unakA mana-mayUra kRSNalIlA varNana meM hI atyadhika ramA hai| unhoMne apane samasta sAMsArika bhAvoM ko zrIkRSNa caraNa-kamaloM meM samarpita kara unakI madhura lIlAoM kA gAna karanA hI apanA sarvottama lakSya mAnA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM kRSNa-caritra ke aneka prasaMgoM ko kavi ne vistAra se citrita kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa kA rAjanaitika svarUpa, AdhyAtmika svarUpa tathA zalAkApuruSa ke svarUpa meM unakI navIna udbhAvanAe~ draSTavya haiN| - harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara meM kRSNa-caritra ke alAvA bhI aneka avAntara prasaMga ullekhita haiM parantu zodha viSaya kI maryAdAnusAra yahA~ mAtra zrI kRSNa caritra varNana kA hI tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane kA prayAsa hogaa| zrI kRSNa-caritra lIlA varNana meM anya prAsaMgika ghaTanAoM ko nirUpita karate hue donoM kRtikAroM ke mUlabhAva evaM unake dvArA varNita zrI kRSNa ke svarUpa ko dekhane kA hI isa pariccheda kA mUla hetu hai| ... harivaMzapurANa jaina paramparA meM likhA prAcIna paurANika grantha hai| yaha prabandhazailI se likhA gayA vizAlakAya caritra-mahAkAvya hai| parantu sUrasAgara muktazailI se likhA kAvyagrantha hai| harivaMzapurANa meM jaina paramparAnusAra zrI kRSNa caritra kA varNana milatA hai jabaki sUrasAgara meM bhAgavatAnusAra zrI kRSNa-caritra ko citrita kiyA hai| donoM granthoM meM dhArmika mAnyatAnusAra bhI aneka bhinnatAe~ haiM, unheM bhI isI pariccheda meM dekhA jaayegaa| __ina donoM kAvya-granthoM kA kSetra alaga-alaga hai| sUra ne to dvArikeza kRSNa kI apekSA yazodAnandana tathA gopIvallabha kRSNa ko hI sarvAdhika mahattva diga hai| unake kAvya meM zrI kRSNa kI bAla-kizoralIlAe~ hI sUkSmatama anubhUtiyoM ke sAtha nirUpita haiM, jabaki harivaMzapurANakAra jinasenAcArya ne yazodAnandana evaM gopIvallabha kRSNa kI apekSA bhautika lIlA ke vistAraka vIrapuruSa ke rUpa meM unheM adhika citrita kiyA hai| inake kAvya meM zrI kRSNa kA sampUrNa jIvana caritra vyavasthita va kramabaddha rUpa se vivecita hai| - =htag=

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vaise jinasenAcArya ne kRSNa kI bAla-kizora lIlAoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai parantu vaha sUra jaisI gaharAI se nahIM hai| unhoMne vIra yoddhA, dvArikA ke samrATa tathA mahAn kUTanItijJa kRSNa ke nirUpaNa meM hI sarvAdhika mahattva diyA hai| bAlakRSNa ke varNana meM bhI kavi ne vIratA dikhAne kA prayAsa kara unake zalAkApuruSa svarUpa kI pUrva-pIThikA bA~dhI hai| unake Age ke varNanoM meM bhI zrI kRSNa ke sAhasa, zaurya, bahAdurI tathA vIratA Adi guNoM ko atyadhika mahattva diyA hai| kRSNa caritra varNana meM harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa kI vaMza-paramparA, unakA janma, unakI kizorAvasthA, unake aneka vivAha, unake putra ityAdi vividha prasaMgoM ko vividhatA ke sAtha varNita kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne zrI kRSNa ko AdhyAtmika bhAvanAoM se ota-prota eka mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| .. - tAtparya yaha hai ki donoM kRtiyoM meM zrI kRSNa caritra ke vividha pahaluoM ko sAmya-viSamatA ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| kathAvastu ke adhyayana meM hama kramabaddhatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zrI kRSNa caritra ke pUrvArddha evaM uttarArddha kA vivecana kreNge| pUrvArddha ke vivecana meM kRSNa ke janma se lekara kaMsa vadha taka kI ghaTanAoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai - jinakA krama nimna prakAra se hai kathAvastu kA pUrvArddha . 1. janmalIlA 2. bAlalIlA 3. zrI kRSNa ke lokottara parAkrama ka. pUtanA vadha kha. kAgAsura vadha ga. zakaTa-bhaMjana gha. tRNAvarta-uddhAra 4. Ukhala bandhana tathA yamalArjuna uddhAra 5. gocAraNa-prasaMga 6. kAliyanAga-damana 7. govardhana-dhAraNa 8. dAvAnala-pAna-lIlA 9. zrI kRSNa kI rasika lIlAe~ ka. rAsalIlA -

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kha. panaghaTalIlA ga. dAnalIlA gha. hiMDaulA Ga. cIraharaNa lIlA ca. basanta lIlA 10. akrUra kA braja gamana 11. rajaka vRttAnta evaM kubjA uddhAra 12. kuvalayApIDa-vadha 13. cANUra tathA muSTika-vadha 14. kaMsa-vadha zrI kRSNa janma-lIlA : harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara donoM meM zrIjanma viSayaka zloka evaM pada Ate haiM jinameM zrI kRSNa ke janma, vasudeva-devakI kI cintA evaM kRSNa ko nanda ke yahA~ pahu~cAne ityAdi kA varNana hai| donoM kaviyoM ne apanI svataMtra udbhAvanA ke AdhAra para isa prasaMga ko varNita kiyA hai| donoM kaviyoM ne zrI kRSNa kA janma kaMsa ke kArAvAsa meM batAyA hai evaM janma ke pazcAta. nanda ke ghara pahu~cAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa kA janma bhAdrapada kI kRSNASTamI rAtri ko ghanaghora andhakAra meM honA batAyA hai| ve devakI kI AThavIM santAna the| unake daivika ciha the tathA unakA pratApazAlI veSa thaa| devakI kI preraNA se vasudeva ne kRSNa ko lekara gokula meM nanda ke yahA~ phuNcaayaa| sUra ke anusAra daivIya sahAyatA se jelaM ke dvAra khula gaye the| jamunA kA jala kama ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra eka rahasyamaya zakti ko vyakta karate hue mahAkavi sUra ne zrI kRSNa kA janma paramAtmA kA avatAra batAyA hai, jo antaryAmI asura-saMhAraka tathA tribhuvanarAya hai| sUra ne kRSNa janma ke aneka prasaMgoM ko savistAra varNita kiyA hai| inameM nandotsava, gopa-gopiyoM kA harSollAsa ityAdi prasaMga sUkSma tathA prabhAvotpAdaka haiN| devakI ko bhagavAn dvArA batAyA gayA svarUpa evaM vArtAlApa draSTavya . devakI mana-mana cakita bhii| dekhahu Ai putra mukha kAhe na aisI kahu~ dekhI na dii|| sira para mukuTa, pIta uparainA, bhRgu-pada ura bhuja cAri dhre| pUraba kathA sunAi kahI hari tuma mA~gyoM ihi bheSa kre||' =119 -

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chore nigar3a soAe paharu, dvAre ko kapATa ughryo| turata mohiM gokula pahu~cAvahu, yaha kahi ke sisu veSa dhryo|| taba vasudeva uThe yaha sunatahi~ haraSavaMta na~da-bhavana ge| bAlaka dhari lai suradevI kA~, Ai sUra madhupurI tthe|| devakI kI harSAtireka kI abhivyaMjanA meM, usakI manodazA ko sUra ne atyanta sUkSmatA ke sAtha varNita kiyA hai| ___ purANakAra jinasenAcArya ne zrI kRSNa janma-kathA ko kucha bhinnatA ke sAtha isa prakAra kahA hai| zrI kRSNa kA janma zravaNa-nakSatra meM bhAdramAsa kI zukla pakSa kI dvAdazI tithi ko huA thaa| ve vasudeva tathA devakI kI AThavIM santAna the evaM sAtaveM mAsa meM hI alakSita rUpa se utpanna ho gaye the| unakA zarIra divya uttamottama lakSaNoM se yukta thaa| ghanaghora varSA meM zrI kRSNa ke prabhAva se kaMsa ke subhaTa rAtri ko gaharI nIMda meM nimagna ho gaye the tathA jela ke kivAr3a bhI khula gaye the| yamunA kA mahAprabhAva bhI kRSNa ke prabhAva se khaNDita ho gayA thaa| usa samaya pAnI kI eka bUMda bAlaka ke nAka meM ghusa gaI jisase use chIMka aaii| usa chIMka kA zabda bijalI tathA vAyu ke zabda ke samAna atyanta gambhIra thaa| usI samaya AkAzavANI huI ki-"tU nirvighna rUpa se cirakAla taka jIvita rhe"| yaha AzIrvAda kaMsa ke pitA ugrasena ne diyaa| baladeva tathA vasudeva zizu kRSNa ko lekara vRndAvana gye| vahA~ nanda ke yahA~ use sauMpakara nanda kI putrI lekara vApasa aaye| dhunI samuttIrya tato'bhigamya vanaM ca vRndAvanamatra gosstthe| sunandagopaM sayazodamAptaM kramAgataM tau nizi drssttvntau|| samarpya tAbhyAmaharasyabhedaM pravarddhanIyaM nijputrbuddhyaa| zizuM vizAlekSaNamIkSaNAnAM mahAmRtaM kAntimayaM srvntm|| 35/28-29 sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa janmaprasaMga meM jo sUkSmAtisUkSma bhAvoM kA varNana milatA hai, jo prabhAvotpAdaka bana par3A hai, jisakA harivaMzapurANa meM abhAva hai| sUra ko harSa, zoka, pulaka ityAdi bhAvoM ke svAbhAvika nirUpaNa meM pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| zrI kRSNa ko unhoMne amara-uddhAraka, duSTa-vidAraka Adi batAkara unheM amAnavIya lIlAkArI puruSa ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa janma-prasaMga meM kRSNa ko divya lakSaNoM se yukta svIkAra kiyA hai parantu sUrasAgara kI bhA~ti yaha prasaMga itanA manorama nahIM bana par3A hai| sUradAsa ne kRSNa janma-prasaMga meM nanda-yazodA-braja kI khuzI kA bhI vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| sabhI ora se nanda ke yahA~ badhAIyA~ AtI haiN| samasta AbAla-vRddha harSamatta banakara nAcane lagate haiN| sabhI gopiyA~ solaha zrRMgAra kiye nanda ke ghara maMgalAcAra =120 - -

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karatI haiN| taraha-taraha ke bAje bajane lagate haiN| sUra kA nandotsava bar3A hI svabhAvika bana par3A hai Aja gRha nanda mahara kaiM bdhaaii| prati samaya mohana mukha nirakhata koTi caMda-chavi paai| mili braja-nAgari maMgala gAvati, naMda-bhavana maiM aaii|| deti asIsa, jiyo jasudA-suta koTina baraSa knhaaii| ati Ananda bar3hayau gokula maiM, upamA kahI na jaai| sUradAsa dhani naMdagharanI dekhata naina siraaii|| sUra kI bhA~ti jinasenAcArya ne bhI bAla-kRSNa kI sundaratA tathA gopiyoM ke asIma Ananda kA varNana kiyA hai| bAla-kRSNa citta par3A huA gadA, khaDga, cakra, aMkuza, zaMkha tathA padma Adi cihnoM kI prazasta rekhAoM se cihnita lAla-lAla hAtha paira calAtA thA, taba vaha gopa-gopiyoM ke mana ko barabasa khIMca letA thaa| nIla kamala jaisI sundara zobhA ko dhAraNa karane vAle manohara bAlaka ko gopikAe~ atRpta netroM se Taka-TakI lagAkara dekhatI rahatI thii| gdaasickraangkshshNkhpdmprshstrekhaarunnpaannipaadH| sa gopagopIjanamAnasAni sakAmamuttAnazayo jhaar|| surUpamindIvaravarNazobhaM stnprdaanvypdeshgopyH| ahaMbhavaH pUrNapayodharAstamatRptanetrAH ppurektaanm|| 35/35-36 samIkSA :- putra janma samaya ke vividha lokAcAroM tathA utsavoM kA jaisA bhAvapUrNa vizada varNana sUrasAgara meM hai, vaisA harivaMzapurANa meM nahIM milatA hai| isa kSetra meM jinasenAcArya sUradAsa se pIche haiN| donoM kaviyoM ne apanI kalpanA ke AdhAra para zrI kRSNa janma kathA ko varNita kiyA hai parantu navIna prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA, bhAvoM kI sUkSmatA, varNana-vaividhya kI dRSTi se sUra kA varNana zreSTha hai| jinasena svAmI ne jahA~ isa prasaMga ko kucha navInatAe~ dekara saMkSepa meM kathAkrama kI dRSTi se varNita kiyA hai, vahA~ sUra ne atyanta bhAvapUrNa aura vistRta svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| bAlakrIr3A : harivaMzapurANakAra ne zrI kRSNa kI bAlasulabha krIr3AoM kA varNana saMkSepa meM kiyA hai / sUrasAgara kI apekSA yaha varNana svalpa hai| donoM granthoM meM bAlakrIr3AoM ko nanda'yazodA kI abhUtapUrva prIti ko bar3hane vAlI tathA sampUrNa brajavAsiyoM kI khuzI kA mUlAdhAra batAyA gayA hai| unakI yaha lIlAe~ gopa-gopiyoM ke mana ko Ananda-vibhora kara detI hai|

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sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa kI bAlalIlA sambandhI aneka pada milate haiN| mahAkavi sUra ne ina padoM meM kRSNa ke zizusvabhAva kI saralatA, caMcalatA, unakI haTha, zrI kRSNa ke ghuTanoM ke bala calanA, pairoM se calanA, A~gana meM khelanA Adi kaI manovaijJAnika varNana kiye haiM-jo anyatra durlabha hai| jasodA hari pAlaneM jhulaavai| halarAvai, dularAi-malhAvai, joi soi kachu gaavai| mere lAla kauM AU niMdariyA kAhe na Ani bulaavai|| . sau sukha sUra amara muni dularbha so naMda bhAmini paave|| .. bAlakRSNa kI vividha lIlAoM meM bAlaka kRSNa kA maNimaya A~gana meM apane pratibimba ko dekhakara use pakar3ane daur3anA, apanI chAyA ko pakar3ane kI icchA, ha~sate hue apane dA~toM ko camakAnA, aMgUThA-cUsanA, oTha-phar3akAnA, ulaTa jAnA, unake hAthoM-pairoM kI anupama zobhA ityAdi kA jo sundara evaM svAbhAvika varNana sUrasAgara meM huA hai vAstava meM vaha advitIya hai| sUra ke isa varNana meM unakA vAtsalya rasa nirUpaNa draSTavya hai| unake "zobhita kara navanIta lie" tathA "kilakata kAnha ghuTurivana Avata" Adi pada dekhate hI banate haiN| sUra kA bAlalIlA varNana na kevala manorama, manovaijJAnika, anokhA evaM advitIya hai varan yaha varNana sAhitya kI caramotkarSa upalabdhi hai| sUra ne kRSNa janmotsava ke pazcAt braja meM abAdha utsavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| kRSNa kA pAlanA banAnA, nanda ke ghara badhAiyA~ bajanA, kRSNa kA annaprAzana,deg unakI varSa-gA~Tha,11 karNa-vedha Adi ko nirUpita karake loLIti kA bhI kavi ne savidha varNana kiyA hai| karNachedana kA eka pada draSTavya hai kaMcana ke dvaidura ma~gAi lie, kahau kahA chedati Atura kii| locana bhari-bhari doU mAtA, kanachedana dekhata jiya murkii| rovata dekhi janani akulAni, diyau turata nauA ko ghurkii| ha~sata naMda, gopI saba biha~sI, jhamaki calI saba bhItara durkii||12 kRSNa dvArA apane mA~ yazodA se ruSTa ho jAne kA sUra ne atyanta hI svAbhAvika bAla-sulabha varNana kiyA hai| kRSNa apanI mA~ se kahate haiM ki "tU mujhe hamezA kaccA dUdha pIne ko bAdhya karatI hai parantu mAkhana roTI nahIM detI, itane dinoM se dUdha pIne ke bAvajUda bhI dekha, merI yaha coTI nahIM bar3hI hai| he mA~ ! merI yaha coTI kaba bar3hegI" maiyA kabahi bar3hegI cottii| kitI bAra mohi dUdha piyata bhaI, yaha ajahU~ hai chottii| kAcau dUdha piyAvata paci-paci, deta na mAkhana rottii|13 - - D

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harivaMzapurANa meM kRSNa kI bAla krIr3AoM kA yaha varNana itanA vistRta na milakara, atyanta saMkSepa meM milatA hai| jinasenAcArya ne kRSNa ke nAmakaraNa saMskAra tathA jAtasaMskAra kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai tato vrajasthaH kRtajAtakarmA stanaMdhayo'sau kRtkRssnnnaamaa| pravardhate nandayazodayostu pravardhayan priitimbhuutpuurvaam||1435/34 unake anusAra "zrI kRSNa kI bAlalIlAoM" se sampUrNa brajavAsiyoM kI prasannatA tathA unake Ananda meM vRddhi hotI thii| usakI krIr3Ae~ asIma, abhUtapUrva prIti ko bar3hAne vAlI thiiN| samIkSA : uparyukta prakAra se harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara donoM granthoM meM zrI kRSNa ke bAla sulabha lIlAoM kA nirUpaNa milatA hai| sUrasAgara meM jahA~ zrI kRSNa ke bAla jIvana kI aneka manohAriNI ceSTAoM kA varNana huA hai| vahA~ harivaMzapurANa meM mAtra kathA-varNana ke nirvAha kI dRSTi se inheM citrita kiyA hai| sUra kA yaha saundarya-varNana zabdoM se pare hai, jisameM unheM pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| unakA yaha varNana hRdayagrAhI bana par3A hai| unhoMne zrI kRSNa ke bAlajIvana ke sUkSma se sUkSma manovegoM kA atulanIya varNana kiyA hai| sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa ke bAla-jIvana kA kramika vikAsa dikhAI detA hai jo yathArtha tathA manovaijJAnika dharAtala ko pakar3e hue hai| sUradAsa ne bAla-kRSNa ke varNana meM madhuratA kA savizeSa ullekha kiyA hai jabaki jinasenAcArya meM isakA nitAnta abhAva rahA hai| jinasenAcArya ne zrI kRSNa kI alaukika zaktiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM hI apane mana ko ramAyA hai, jinakA hama Age ullekha kreNge| zrI kRSNa kA candraprastAva :- zrI kRSNa kI bAlaceSTAoM meM sUrasAgara kA yaha prasaMga prasiddha rahA hai ki jaba bAlaka kRSNa rudana kara rahA hotA hai, usa samaya mA~ yazodA use zAMta karane ke lie candra ko dikhAtI hai| bAlakRSNa candra ko koI mIThI vastu samajha kara use khAne kI icchA prakaTa karate haiM tathA taduparAnta use koI sundara khilaunA samajhakara use prApta karane ke lie haTha karane lagate haiN| mA~ unheM zAMta karane ke lie aneka prayAsa karatI hai parantu bAlakRNa apanI haTha ko chor3ate nahIM haiN| anta meM mA~ kRSNa se kahatI hai ki kanhaiyA! tere se hI yaha candra dUra-dUra bhAgA jA rahA hai| tatpazcAt jala meM candramA kA pratibimba dekhakara mAtA use dikhAkara kRSNa ko cupa karane kA prayAsa karatI hai parantu kRSNa mA~ kI isa cAla ko jAna jAte haiM tathA ve kahate haiM ki jala ke bhItara ke candra ko maiM kaise prApta kruuNgaa| mujhe to ve candra cAhie, jo AkAza meM camaka rahA hai| sUra kA yaha pada dekhiye, jisameM isI bhAva kA citraNa hai - - - -

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maiyA rI maiM caMda lhauNgo| kahA karauM jalapuTa bhItara kau, bAhara byauM ki ghoNgii| yaha jhalamalAta jhakajhorata kaise kai ju lhauNgau| vaha to nipaTa nikaTahI dekhata, barajyau hauM na rhauNgau| tumharo prema prakaTa maiM jAnyauM, baurAai na bhauNgau| sUra syAma kahai kara gahi lyAU~, sasi-tana-dAya dhauNgau|15 harivaMzapurANa meM aise manohArI dRzyoM tathA bAla-sulabha svAbhAvika haTha ityAdi prasaMgoM kA abhAva hai| zrI bAlakRSNa ke lokottara parAkrama .. (ka) pUtanA-vadha : sarasAgara evaM harivaMzapurANa donoM meM yaha prasaMga ullekhita hai ki pUtanA eka bhayaMkara rAkSasI thI, jise kaMsa ne bAlaka kRSNa ko mArane ke lie gokula meM bhejA thaa| yaha eka suMdara yuvatI kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara gokula meM nandabAbA ke ghara meM ghusa gaI evaM soye hue kRSNa ko usane apanI goda meM le liyaa| bAla kRSNa ko apanA stanapAna karavAkara vaha unheM mAranA cAhatI thI parantu kRSNa usake irAde ko jAna gye| unhoMne apane mukha ko kaThora karake itane jora se stana-pAna kiyA ki usake prANa-pakherU ur3a gye| vaha dharatI para gira pdd'ii| brajavAsiyoM ne pUtanA ke zarIra ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara DAle evaM gokula ke bAhara le jAkara use jalA ddaalaa| sarasAgara meM yaha prasaMga apekSAkRta vistRta svarUpa se AyA hai| sUra ne apane aneka padoM meM isa prasaMga ko ullekhita kara zrI kRSNa kI alaukika zakti ko varNita kiyA hai| kRSNa dvArA pUtanA ke stana-pAna karate hI prANa nikala jAtA hai| vaha eka yojana dUra gira jAtI hai|16 sAre braja meM harSollAsa chA jAtA hai| udhara mathurA ke rAjA kaMsa ko jaba isa ghaTanA kI jAnakArI milatI hai, taba vaha atyanta vismaya meM par3a jAtA hai| vaha soca karane lagatA hai aura bAla-kRSNa ko mArane ke dUsare upAya socane lagatA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM mathurAnareza kaMsa dvArA prerita asuroM ke vadha kI kathA kucha parivartana ke sAtha prastuta kI gaI hai| __ pUtanA vadha ke prasaMga meM jaba mathurA meM utpAta bar3hane lage to kaMsa ne sAta deviyoM ko apane zatru ko mArane bhejaa| unameM se pUtanA nAma kI eka devI thii| vaha kRSNa ko dUdha pilAkara mArane ke uddezya se nanda ke ghara phuNcii| parantu zrI kRSNa kI rakSA lie tatpara dUsarI devI ne usake stanoM meM pIr3A kara vahA~ se use bhagA diyaa| kaMsa ne upavAsa karake

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pUrvabhava meM ina deviyoM ko prasanna kiyA thaa| usa samaya unhoMne AvazyakatA par3ane para kaMsa ko samaya para sahAyatA kA vacana diyA thaa| inameM se hI eka devI pUtanA ke svarUpa meM bAlakRSNa ko mArane AI thii| kuputanA pUtanabhUtamUrtiH prapAyayantI saviSastanau tm| sa devatAdhiSThitaniSTharAsyo vyriirttccuucukcuussnnen||735-42 samIkSA : pUtanA vadha-prasaMga meM sUradAsa zrI kRSNa ko bhagavAn kA avatAra svIkAra karate haiM lekina jinasenAcArya ne unheM devatAoM ke adhiSThita svarUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| sUra kA yaha varNana atyanta rocakatA ko prApta kara gayA hai jabaki jinasenAcArya meM isakA abhAva rahA hai lekina inakA kathA-pravAha prazaMsanIya rahA hai| pUtanA kA pratIkAtmaka svarUpa : kRSNopaniSad ke anusAra pUtanA ko daitya yA avidyA kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| avidyA, asmitA, rAga-dveSa Adi pA~ca parva kahe gaye haiN| pUtanA kA vadha pA~ca paryoM se samRddha avidyA kA vinAza hai| zrI kRSNa (veda yA jJAna) dvArA avidyA rUpI pUtanA kA vinAza kiyA jAtA hai|8 "pUtanA ko vAsanA kA pratIka bhI mAnA jAtA hai| jaba hamArI indriyA~ bahirmukha hotI haiM viSayoM meM jAtI haiM taba vAsanA kA Agamana hotA hai| vAsanA jIvana ke lie viSa kA kAma karatI hai| isa vAsanA ko vazIbhUta karanA, usase uparAma bananA kRSNa jaise devopama banane ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai|"19 (kha) kAgAsura vadha : bAlakRSNa kI alaukika lIlAoM meM eka prasaMga kAgAsura vadha kA AtA hai jise donoM kRtikAroM ne kucha viSamatA ke sAtha citrita kiyA hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM yaha kathA nahIM hai parantu brahmapurANa tathA viSNupurANa meM isakA varNana hai| sUradAsa ne isa kathA kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne kAga ko bhI anya asuroM kI bhA~ti kaMsa se prerita batAyA hai| ___bAlakRSNa ko mArane ke lie kaMsa eka rAkSasa ko bhejatA hai jo pakSI kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara kRSNa ko mArane kA prayAsa karatA hai| parantu kRSNa dvArA vaha bhI mArA jAtA hai| kAga rUpa dhArI usa asura ko kRSNa pAlanA meM leTe hI coMca pakar3a kara phaiMka dete haiM jo behAla hokara kaMsa ke pAsa jAkara giratA hai| kAga-rUpa ika danuja dhryau| pa Ayusa lai dhari mAthe para, haraSavata ura garaba bhryau|

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kitika bAta prabhu tuma Ayusa teM, vaha jAnau mo jAta mryau| - sUradAsa prabhu kaMsa nikaMdana, bhakta hetu avatAra dhryau|20 harivaMzapurANa meM pUtanA kI bhA~ti eka devI bhayaMkara pakSI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara kRSNa ko mArane ke lie AtI hai lekina kRSNa usakI coMca pakar3akara itanI jora se dabAte haiM ki vaha bhAga jAtI hai itIritaM tAH pratipadya yAtAH pradRzya caikogrshkuntruupaa| anudya hantrI hariNAttatuNDA pracaNDanAdA praNanAza bhiitaa||29 35-41 samIkSA : donoM kaviyoM kA yaha varNana bAlakRSNa kI anupama zakti ko pradarzita karatA hai| sUra ne isa prasaMga ko do padoM meM varNita kiyA hai jabaki jinasena ne isa ora bhI saMkSipta rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| pratIkAtmakatA : kAgAsura vadha ke pratIkAtmaka artha kI bAta kareM to kauA mUlataH duSTa, kaTubhASI tathA samasta AMtarika kaluSatA kA paricAyaka hai, jisako haTAnA Avazyaka hai| (ga) zakaTa-bhaMjana : isa prasaMga meM eka asura zakaTa (chakar3e) kA rUpa dhAraNa kara bAla kRSNa ko mArane AtA hai| utsava ke dina yazodA kRSNa ko chakar3e ke nIce zayyA para sulA detI hai| usa samaya kRSNa rote-rote apanA pA~va chakar3e meM mArate haiN| zrI kRSNa ke pA~va lagate hI yaha vizAla chakar3A ulaTa jAtA hai| isa prakAra zrI kRSNa kI lAtoM se usa asura kA saMhAra ho jAtA hai| sUrasAgara ke isa prasaMga meM zakaTAsura dvArA kiye gaye ahakAra kA varNana AtA hai| usakI bAta ko sunakara kaMsa atyanta harSita hokara kRSNa ko mArane kA bIr3A use detA hai| bIr3A lekara vaha garva ke sAtha zakaTa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara bAlakRSNa ko mArane braja meM AtA hai| use dekhakara braja ke loga atyanta calita hokara Dara jAte haiM parantu kRSNa kI eka lAta se hI usakA saMhAra ho jAtA hai| pAna lai calyau nRpa Ana kiinhau| gayo sira nArU mana garabahi bar3hAi kai, sakaTa ko rUpadhari asura liinhau| sunata ghaharAni brajaloga cakita bhae, kahA AghAta dhuni karata aavai| naiMku phaTakyau lAta, sabada bhayau AghAta, girayau bhaharAta sakaTA sNhaaryau| sUra prabhu naMdalAla, mArayau danuja khyAla, meTi jaMjAla brajaz2ana ubaaryau||22 1266

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harivaMzapurANAnusAra yaha rAkSasa na hokara eka pizAcI hotI hai jo gAr3I kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara bAlaka zrI kRSNa ke Upara daur3atI AtI hai parantu use kRSNa apane donoM pairoM dvArA tor3a dete haiN| anaHzarIrAmaparAM pizAcI sa cApatantIM ghnpaadghaatii| vibhIrbabhaMjAJjanazailazobhI pRthUdayastAM pRthako'pi ko'pi||23 35-44 donoM granthoM kA yaha prasaMga samAnatA para AdhArita hai| isameM bAlakRSNa kA lokottara parAkrama vivecita huA hai| kRSNa ko nirbhaya, atyadhika zaktiyoM kA bhaNDAra aura anirvacanIya puruSa ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa kA yaha saphala prayAsa hai| pratIka artha : "zakaTa ko eka asura bhAva meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| grahaNa kie laukika padArthoM ko na chor3a pAnA mohajanita asura bhAva yA abhiniveza mAnA jAtA hai| isa vyavahAra abhiniveza kA nAza hI zakaTa-bhaMjana hai tathA isa asura bhAva kA nAza zrI kRSNa (veda) hI kara sakate haiN|"24 / zrI kRSNa ke padAkSepa se zakaTa ke cakra, akSa va jUA ityAdi TUTa gye| bhagavAn ke caraNa sparza se jahA~ bhAra vAhanatA naSTa ho jAtI hai, vahA~ saMsAra va kAla-cakra ko jor3ane vAlA akSa-daNDa (ahaMkAra) bhI TUTa jAtA hai aura kAla-cakra va saMsAra-cakra ke bandhana naSTa ho jAte haiN|25 tRNAvarta-vadha : sUrasAgara meM bAlakRSNa dvArA eka aura rAkSasa mArane kI kathA AtI hai| tRNAvarta nAma kA yaha daitya kaMsa kA sevaka thaa| kaMsa kI preraNA se yaha kRSNa ko mArane ke lie eka bhayaMkara A~dhI bavaMDara ke rUpa meM nanda-gA~va meM aayaa| sAre braja meM hA-hAkAra maca gyaa| vaha bAlaka zrI kRSNa ko AkAza meM ur3Akara le gyaa| yazodA vyAkula hokara 'zyAma, zyAma' pukArane lgii| taduparAnta zrI kRSNa ne usa rAkSasa ko dharatI para pachAr3a kara mAra diyaa| ... kaMsa dvArA kRSNa ko mArane kA yaha prayAsa bhI asaphala gyaa| sUra ke isa prasaMga meM kalpanAzIlatA dikhAI detI hai| "tRNAvarta vadha" kA yaha prasaMga harivaMzapurANa meM nahIM milatA hai| pratIka artha : taNAvarta ajJAna kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| cetana svarUpa brahma dvArA hI ajJAna kA nAza hotA hai| ajJAna apane Azraya, jJAna svarUpa Azraya kA AvRtta kiye rahatA hai aura jJAna ke sakriya hone para ajJAna tirohita ho jAtA hai|26

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tRNAvarta ko kAmakrodhAdi rajoguNa kI A~dhI kA pratIka bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| anya asurAdi-vadha : zrI bAlakRSNa ke alaukika parAkrama varNana meM aneka dAnavoM ko mArane kA varNana milatA hai| ye rAkSasa braja-bhUmi meM upadrava karate the evaM apane bhayaMkara svarUpa se logoM ko DarAte the| inameM pralambAsura, vatsAsura, zaMkhacUDa, vRSabhAsura, kezI, vyomAsura ityAdi ullekhanIya haiN| ye sabhI rAkSasa kaMsa dvArA kRSNa ko mArane ke lie bheje gaye the parantu ve sabhI kRSNa dvArA mAre gye| sUrasAgara meM bakAsura ke cAra pada milate haiM evaM aghAsura vadha ke bhI pA~ca pada varNita haiN| ina padoM meM sUra ne bAlakRSNa kI vIratA kA sundara citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM varNita sAta deviyA~, pUtanA ityAdi aneka rAkSasoM ke svarUpa meM kramazaH kRSNa ko mArane ke lie AtI haiM parantu unakA hI nAza hotA hai| dhenakAsura kA prasaMga varNita hai ki kisI dina koI devI baila kA rUpa dhAraNa kara aaii| vaha baila bar3A ahaMkArI thA, gopAloM kI bastI meM vaha jahA~-jahA~ dikhAI detA thA, joradAra zabda se logoM ko DarAtA thA, parantu sundara kaNTha ke dhAraka zrI kRSNa ne usakI garadana maror3a kara use naSTa kara diyaa| sa gopatiM dRptamazeSaghoSamitastato dRssttmudgrghossm|| mahArNavaM vA pratipUrNayantaM jaghAna knntthoblnaatsuknntthH||735-47 __isa prakAra se sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa dvArA aneka dAnavoM ko mArane kA varNana milatA hai| sUra kA yaha varNana kRSNa ko bhagavAn evaM sarvazakti sampanna svarUpa pradAna karatA hai jabaki jinasenAcArya ke varNana meM bAlakRSNa ke devopama sAmarthya kA citraNa hai| ___ Aja ke isa bauddhika evaM vaijJAnika yuga meM ye camatkArI varNana kisI mahAn mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA nahIM karate varan anAsthA utpanna karane ke hI nimitta banate haiN| sacce arthoM meM dekhA jAya to ina daityoM ke vadha ke pIche mAnavIya vikAroM ko dUra karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| kavi ne ina vikAroM ko dUra karane hetu rocaka kathAoM kA sundara svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| jaise pUtanA ajJAna, avidyA tathA vAsanA kI pratIka hai, usI taraha ye sabhI rAkSasa daMbha, ahaMkAra, pApa, anarthakArI pravRttiyoM tathA dehAdhyAya ityAdi ke pratIka mAne jA sakate haiN| Ukhala-bandhana tathA yamalArjuna-uddhAra : bAla kRSNa atyanta hI caMcala tathA naTakhaTa the| jaba unake upadrava gokula meM bar3ha gaye to yazodA ne kRSNa ke isa vyavahAra se aprasanna hokara unheM Ukhala se bA~dha diyaa| bAla kRSNa ko isa kArya meM bhI lIlA karanI thii| zrI kRSNa usa Ukhala ko ghasITate hue 128==

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pAsa meM khar3e yamalArjuna nAmaka vRkSoM ke bIca meM ghusa gye| ve to dUsarI ora nikala gaye parantu Ukhala Ter3A hokara aTaka gyaa| unhoMne pIche lur3hakate hue Ukhala ko jyoM hI jora se khIMcA to donoM per3a tar3a-tar3akara bhUmi para gira pdd'e| isa prakAra kA yaha prasaMga kucha antara ke sAtha donoM Alocya kRtiyoM meM upalabdha hai| ___ sUrasAgara meM yaha prasaMga yathAkrama tathA vizada rUpa se varNita hai| kRSNa kI ruci zaizavakAla se hI mAkhana kI ora vizeSa rahI thii| ve apane sakhAoM ke sAtha braja meM jahA~ bhI avasara pAte, vahIM ghusakara mAkhana khAyA karate the| unake ghara meM apane sakhAoM ke sAtha unheM mAkhana khAne meM atyadhika Ananda milatA thaa| sUra kI eka gopI kRSNa ke isa kRtya se parezAna ho gii| vaha kRSNa ko pakar3a letI hai parantu sUra ke zabdoM meM naTakhaTa kRSNa bar3e hI nirbhIka hokara jo uttara dete haiM, vaha dekhate hI banatA hai jasodA kaha lau kIjai kaani| dina-prati dina kaise sahI parata hai, dUdha dahI kI haani| apane yA bAlaka kI karanI, jo tuma dekhau aani| gorasa khAI khavAvai larikana, bhAjata-bhAjana bhaani| maiM apane mandira ke kone, mAkhana rAkhyau chaani| soI jAi tihari DhoTA, lInhoM hai phicaani| bujhi-gvAli nijagRha maiM Ayau, naiku~ na saMkA maani| sUra syAma taba uttara banAyo, cIMTI kADhata paani||28 sUrasAgara meM gopiyoM dvArA yazodA ko zikAyata ke aise aneka pada milate haiN| yazodA aise ulAhanoM se Uba jAtI hai| vaha kRSNa ko aneka bAra samajhAne kA athaka prayAsa karatI hai parantu kRSNa apanI harakatoM se bAja nahIM Ate haiN| dina-pratidina mAkhana corI evaM anya uddaNDatAe~ bar3hatI hI jAtI haiM, taba mA~ yazodA unheM daNDa dene ke lie Ukhala se bA~dha detI hai| sUrasAgara ke lagabhaga 50 padoM meM isa prasaMga kA varNana milatA hai jo yamalArjuna uddhAra ke sAtha pUrNa hotA hai| isa prasaMga meM sUra ne mAtA ko zikAyata, yazodA kA kRSNa ke prati khIjhanA, kRSNa ko daNDita karanA, gopiyoM kA pazcAttApa unake dvArA kRSNa mukti kI prArthanA evaM vAtsalya bhAva se yukta padoM kA samAveza hotA hai| jasodA Ukhala bA~dhe syaam| mana mohana bAhira hI chA~r3e, Apu gaI gRha kaam| dahyo mathati, mukha te kachu bakarati gArI de lai naam| ghara-ghara Dolata mAkhana corata SaTa rasa merai dhaam| braja ke larakina mAri bhajata haiM, jAhu tumahu blraam| sUra syAma Ukhala so bA~dhe, nirakhahi~ braja kI baam|935-45

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harivaMzapurANa meM bhI bAlakRSNa kI naTakhaTatA kA varNana milatA hai| kisI dina upadrava kI / adhikatA ke kAraNa yazodA ne kRSNa ko kasakara Ukhala se bA~dha diyaa| usI dina kaMsa kI do deviyA~ yamala tathA arjuna unheM pIr3A pahu~cAne ke lie vahA~ AI parantu kRSNa ne usa dazA meM bhI donoM deviyoM ko mAra bhgaayaa| yazodayA dAmaguNena jAtu ydRcchyoduukhlbddhpaadH| nipIDayantau ripudevatAgau nyapAtayattau yamalArjunau sH||3deg 35-45 samIkSA : sUrasAgara meM yamalArjuna nAmaka vRkSoM ko kubera ke do putra mAnA hai| ye zApa vaza vRkSa bana gaye the| inako bAlakRSNa Ukhala meM aTakAkara bhUmi para girA dete haiM evaM inakA uddhAra ho jAtA hai| parantu harivaMzapurANa meM ye do vRkSa zatru kI deviyA~ thii| unake dvArA kRSNa ko pIr3A pahu~cAne para kRSNa unheM mAra bhagAte haiN| sUrasAgara kA yaha varNana jitanA svAbhAvika, mArmika evaM hRdayagrAhI bana par3A hai, vaisA harivaMzapurANa meM nhiiN| sUra kA yaha varNana sundara, kalpanAzIlatA evaM bhAgavatAnusAra hai jabaki purANakAra ne ise saMkSepa meM nirUpita kara kRSNa-kathA pravAha meM isakA saMketa mAtra kiyA hai| pratIkAtmakatA : zrImadbhAgavata purANa meM Ukhala bandhana kI pratIkAtmakatA ke Upara sundara vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki isa lIlA meM bhagavAn kI bhakti vazyatA kA patA calatA hai| vizva jisa bhagavAn ke vidhAna, maryAdA tathA mAyA se baMdhA huA hai use bhagavAn kA svayaM hI rassI se baMdha jAnA isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki bhagavAn svayaM hI hamezA bhakta ke vaza meM rahate haiN|31 gocAraNa prasaMga : zrI kRSNa ke jIvana meM gocAraNa kA paryApta mahattva rahA hai| sUradAsajI ne apanI maulikatA ke AdhAra para isa saMdarbha meM zrI kRSNa kA gocAraNa karane jAnA, mitroM ke sAtha khelanA, chAka AroganA, godhUli belA meM punaH ghara AnA ityAdi aneka bhAvapUrNa citra upasthita kiye haiN| yaha sabhI prasaMga bhAgavatAnusAra haiM parantu sUrasAgara meM varNita ye prasaMga. bhAgavata se bhI sundara bana par3e haiN| sUra ne ina, prasaMgoM meM kramabaddhatA kA nirvAha kiyA hai| sUra ke "Aja mai gAi carAvana jehoM" pada se yaha prasaMga Arambha hotA hai| mA~ yazodA kRSNa ko rokane kA prayAsa karatI hai parantu bAla kanhaiyA apanI haTha ko pUrI kara chor3ate haiN| sUra kA yaha varNana svAbhAvika jAna par3atA hai| isa varNana meM kRSNa ke laukika rUpa ke sAtha unakI alaukikatA kA bhI sundara samAveza huA hai, jahA~ ve jaMgaloM meM aneka rAkSasoM kA damana karate haiN|

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prakRti kI sundara pRSThabhUmi para gocAraNa meM atyanta manorama dRzya aMkita hue haiN| gvAla bAloM kI sarala cittavRtti dekhate hI banatI hai| pahAr3I para car3hakara bAlakoM ko TeranA, chAka kA bhojana, ye nitya ke kAryakrama bana jAte haiN| kanhaiyA ko gvAloM se itanI mamatA hai ki ve unakA na~ThA khAne meM jarA bhI nahIM hickicaate| kRSNa kA yaha prasaMga ADambara rahita jIvana evaM pArasparika sneha kA sundara udAharaNa hai| gvAlina kara taiM kaura chudd'aavt| jUTho leta sabani ke mukha kau, apane mukha lai naavt| SaTarasa ke pakavAna dhare saba, timeM ruci nahiM laavt| hA-hA kari mA~gI leta haiM, kahata mohiM ati bhaavt|32 __ maitrI kA madhura AsvAda jitanA apUrNa hai, utanA hI durlabha bhii| saMdhyA ke samaya mA~ yazodA kA Akula-vyAkula honA, kRSNa ko dUra se hI dekhakara tatparatA ke sAtha daur3akara use gale lagAnA Adi dRzyoM meM kavi kI sUkSma dRSTi parilakSita hotI hai| mere naina nirakhi sukha paavt| saMdhyA samaya gopa godhana saMga bana taiM bani braja aavt| ura guMjA vanamAla, mukuTa sira, benu rasAla bjaavt|3 sUrasAgara isa prasaMga ke aneka padoM se bharA par3A hai jisameM kRSNa ke gocAraNa kA ullekha hai| harivaMzapurANakAra jinasenAcArya ne bhI isa prasaMga kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| kRSNa kI vividha lIlAoM ke varNana meM yaha prasaMga nirUpita karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki kRSNa vana meM sapheda tathA kRSNa varNa kI gAyoM ke samUha ko gvAla bAloM ke sAtha carAne jAte haiN| vahA~ ve sundara kaNTha ke dhAraka kRSNa atyanta madhura gIta gAte haiN| gAyeM vRndAvana meM ghAsa-pAnI se pUrNataH santuSTa thiiN| unake thanoM se aneka bachar3e lage hue the| kaI gvAla bAla unheM dUhate the| gopAla kRSNa kI sundaratA kA citra jinasenAcArya ne isa prakAra khIMcA hai ki kRSNa ne pIle raMga ke do vastra pahane hue haiN| vana ke madhya meM unhoMne mayUrapiccha kI kalaMgI lagAI hai| unake sira para akhaNDa nIla kamala bhI suzobhita hai| suvarNa ke karNAbharaNoM se unakI AbhA atyanta hI ujjvala ho rahI hai| unakI kalAiyoM meM suvarNa ke sundara dedIpyamAna kar3e haiN| unakI lalATa para dupahAriyoM ke phUla laTaka rahe haiM tathA unake sAtha kaI gopAla bAlaka haiM supItavAsoyugalaM vasAnaM vane vtNsiikRtbrhibrhm| akhaNDanIlotpatamuNDamAlaM suknntthikaabhuussitkmbuknntthm| suvarNakarNAbharaNojjvalAbhaM subndhujiivaalikmuccmaulim| hiraNyarocirvalayaprakoSThaM supaadgopaalksaanuvNshm||3535/55-59

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sUrasAgara meM gopAla kRSNa kA sundara svarUpa nimna prakAra se citrita kiyA gayA hai jo atyanta hI manobhAvana hai dekhi sakhI bana tai ju bane braja Avata haiM nnd-nndn| . sikhI sikhaMDa sIsa mukha muralI, banyau tilaka, ura cNdn| kuTila alaka mukha caMcala locana nirakhata ati aanNdn| kamala madhya manu dvai khaga khaMjana-ba~dhe AI ur3i phNdn|| aruna adhara-chabi dasana birAjata jaba gAvata kala mNdn| muktA manau nIlamani-maya-puTa, dhareM bhuraki bara bNdn|| gaupa veSa gokula gau cArata hai hari asur-nikNdn| .. sUradAsa prabhu sujata bakhAnata neti neti zruti chaMdana // 36 . . yadyapi donoM kRtiyoM meM gocAraNa prasaMga nirUpita huA hai parantu sUrasAgara kA bhAva nirUpaNa atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka hai| sUra hameM jahA~ bhAvavibhora kara dete haiM, vahA~ jinasenAcArya ke zloka kore varNanAtmaka pratIta hote haiN| kAliyanAga-damana : zrI kRSNa se sambandhI yaha bahuta hI lokapriya ghaTanA rahI hai| yaha prasaMga bhI zrI kRSNa ke alaukika bala kA paricAyaka hai| harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara donoM granthoM meM yaha ghaTanA kucha bhinnatA ke sAtha ullekhita hai ki kAliya nAmaka nAga kA bAla kRSNa ne damana kiyA thaa| sUrasAgara meM isa sambandha meM kathA AtI hai ki eka bAra kRSNa apane sakhAoM ke sAtha yamunA nadI ke kinAre kanduka-krIr3A karate haiN| kanduka khelate-khelate zrI kRSNa dvArA unake sakhA zrIdAmA kI geMda yamunA meM gira jAtI hai| zrIdAmA apanI geMda lAne ke kRSNa se haTha karate haiM taba zrI kRSNa apanA vAstavika uddezya batAkara taTavartI kadamba se kUda kara usa bhayaMkara daha meM praveza karate haiM, jahA~ kAliya nAmaka bhayaMkara nAga rahatA hai|37 nAgapatniyoM ke sAtha unakA vArtAlApa hotA hai, yamunA ke usa hada meM yogezvara kRSNa mahAbhayaMkara kAliya nAga ko nAthate haiN| nAga ko nAthane para nAga evaM nAginiyA~ zrI kRSNa ke caraNoM meM girakara vandanA karane lagatI haiN| zrI kRSNa unheM yamunA chor3akara anyatra cale jAne ko kahakara yamunA-daha se bAhara Ate haiN| sUrasAgara ke anusAra kAliyanAga-damana kA mahattvapUrNa kAraNa yaha thA ki yaha nAga jahA~ rahatA thA, vahA~ kA pAnI pIne se pazu-pakSI cira-nidrA meM so jAte the| usa viSAkta pAnI ko nirApada karane hetu zrI kRSNa ko usa nAga kA damana karanA pdd'aa| kRSNa dvArA nAga nAthane kA dRzya sUra ke zabdoM meM draSTavya hai

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jhiraki kai nAri dai gAri giridhArI taba, pU~cha para lAta de ahi jgaayau| . uThyai akulAi, DarapAi khaga-rAi kauM, dekhi bAlaka garaba ati bddh'aayau|| karata phana-ghAta, viSa jAta utarAta ati, nIra jari jAta, nahiM gAta prsai| sUra ke syAma prabhu, loka abhirAma, binu jAna ahirAja viSa jvAla brsai||38 harivaMzapurANa meM yaha ghaTanA kucha isa taraha se nirUpita kI gaI hai| mathurA meM kaMsa ke yahA~ jaba "pAMcajanya" nAmaka zaMkha, siMhavAhinI zaiyyA evaM ajitajaya nAmaka dhanuSa prakaTa huA, taba jyotiSiyoM ke anusAra kaMsa ne yaha ghoSaNA kara dI ki jo vyakti siMhavAhinI zaiyyA para car3hakara ajitajaya dhanuSa kI DorI car3hAyegA tathA pAMcajanya zaMkha ko phUMkegA, vaha uttama hogaa| kRSNa ne yaha kArya kara dikhAyA, taba kaMsa ne kRSNa ko mArane ke uddezya se gopAla ko yamunA nadI ke usa sthAna se kamala lAne ke lie kahA, jahA~ jAnA prANiyoM ke lie durgama thA kyoMki vahA~ viSama sA~pa lahalahAte the| kRSNa usa hada meM ghusakara gaye, jahA~ mahAbhayaMkara kAliya nAga rahatA thaa| vaha atyanta kAlA thaa| usake phaNa para maNiyoM kA samUha agni kI tilagI ke samAna laga rahA thaa| kRSNa ne zIghra hI usa nAga kA mardana kiyA tathA vahA~ se kamala lekara lauTa aaye| nijabhujabalazAlI helayaivAvagAhya hradamapi kupitotthaM kAliyAhiM mhogrm| phaNamaNi kiraNaudhodgIrNavahnisphuliGgavyatikaramatikRSNaM maMkSu kRSNo mmrd| tttruhvittpaagrvygrgopprnnaadsphutthldhrdhiirdhvaansNhssttdehH| bhujanihatabhujaMgaH saMsamucchitya padmAnupataTamaTati sma drAk mrutvaanivaasau||936/7-8 anya prasaMgoM kI bhA~ti sUrasAgara meM yaha prasaMga bhI vistRta svarUpa se nirUpita huA hai| sUra ne. kAliya nAga kA upadrava, kaMduka krIr3A, gvAla bAloM ke sAtha naMda-yazodA tathA brajavAsiyoM kI cintA, unakI manovyathA, nAgapatniyoM dvArA kRSNa kI stuti, nAga ke sAtha kRSNa kA yuddha, usake phaNoM ko nAthanA, nAga dvArA kSamA yAcanA, kRSNa kA yamunA-daha se bAhara AnA evaM naMda-yazodA kA Ananda ityAdi prasaMgoM meM kavi ne bar3e hI rocaka dRzya upasthita kie haiN| nAthata byAla vilamba na kiinhauN| paga sau cA~pi ghIsi bala taurayo, nAka phori gahi liinhau| kUdi car3he tAki mAthe-para mAlI karata vicaar|

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bAra kahi sarana pukArayau rAkhi rAkhi gopaal| sUradAsa prabhu prakaTa bhae jaba dekhyo byAla bihaal||" yadyapi harivaMzapurANa meM yaha prasaMga sUrasAgara jaisA vistRta nahIM hai| parantu jinasenAcArya ne isa prasaMga ko navya udbhAvanA ke AdhAra para rocakatA ke sAtha vivecita kiyA hai| isa prasaMga meM kRSNa dvArA kiye gaye vIrocita kArya ko bar3e hI bhAva-pUrNa DhaMga se varNita kiyA gayA hai| donoM kaviyoM kI bhAva yojanA sAmya rakhatI hai evaM kRSNa ke parAkrama darzAne meM donoM kRtikAroM ko samAna saphalatA milI hai| pratIkAtmakatA : svAmI rAmatIrtha ne kAliyanAga damana ke pratIka ke sambandha meM apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue isake pratIkArtha kI nimna prakAra se vivecanA kI hai-"unhoMne yamunA nadI ko citta kA, mana ko jhIla kA pratIka mAnA hai| kRSNa (Izvara) banane ke lie vyakti ko apane Apa meM hI gaMbhIra gotA lagAnA par3atA hai| apane citta kI jhIla meM utaranA par3atA hai| use apane hI svarUpa meM gaharI DubakI lagAnI par3atI hai| jahA~ para rAga-dveSa aura icchA ko jaharIle sA~pa kA, duniyAdArI meM phaMse hue mana kA, viSadhara bhujaMga kA pratIka mAnA hai| jyoM-jyoM manuSya hRdaya tala meM DubakI lagAtA hai, use rAga-dveSa aura icchA ke jaharIle so ke sAtha-sAtha caMcala mana rUpI viSadhara kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| sAdhaka ko apane hRdaya meM rahane vAle ina sabhI viSadharoM kA aura mana rUpI bhayaMkara viSadhara ke aneka icchArUpI siroM kA mardana karanA par3atA hai| tabhI sAdhaka kA hRdaya svaccha ho sakatA hai|41 __kAliya damana ko kAma-vijaya kI kathA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| "kAma-jIta jagata-jIta" kAma para vijaya prApta karake kRSNa jaisA devopama vyaktitva nikhara sakatA hai aura tabhI mAnava meM devatva kI oja-jhalaka dikhAI de sakatI hai| kAliya nAga kAmavikAra kA pratIka hai| kAma ko gItA meM naraka dvAra kahA gayA hai| 2 / / __ kAma ke kAraNa hI manuSya duHkhI aura azAMta hotA hai| aneka samasyAoM kA mUlAdhAra yahI "kAma" hai ataH kRSNa apane karma evaM AcaraNa dvArA kAma para vijaya prApta karane kA isa kAliya-nAga damana dvArA sundara sandeza pradAna karate haiN| govardhana-dhAraNa : zrI kRSNa caritra varNana meM govardhana-dhAraNa-lIlA kA paryApta mahattva hai jisameM unakI aparimeya zakti kA paricaya milatA hai| govardhana-lIlA kA yaha prasaMga donoM Alocya kRtiyoM meM paryApta antara ke sAtha milatA hai| 134

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zrImad bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra sUrasAgara meM kRSNa braja ke logoM ko indra ke sthAna para govardhana parvata kI pUjA kA prastAva rakhate haiN| samasta loga unakI salAha ke anusAra giri kI pUjA karate haiN| isa ghaTanA se devarAja indra ko bar3A krodha AtA hai| ve brajavAsiyoM dvArA kiye gaye apamAna kA badalA lene ke lie megha ko Adeza dete haiM ki apanI zakti se braja meM pralaya macA de| bAdaloM dvArA braja meM mUsalAdhAra varSA hone ke kAraNa sarvatra hA-hAkAra maca jAtA hai| aise samaya meM zrI kRSNa isa saMkaTApanna avasthA se braja ko bacAne ke lie apane hAtha se govardhana ko uThA lete haiN| yaha giri gira na par3e tAki sabhI gvAle bhI apanI lakar3iyoM kA TekA rakhate haiN| parantu anta meM indra apanI hAra mAnakara calA jAtA hai| sUrasAgara meM yaha prasaMga bhI vistAra lie hue hai| braja meM indra kI pUjA hetu taiyArI, kRSNa dvArA indra pUjA kA virodha, govardhana-pUjA, devarAja kA krodha, brajavAsiyoM para saMkaTa ityAdi prasaMgoM meM utpanna harSa, Azcarya, bhaya, AtaMka, pazcAttApa Adi bhAvoM kA sundara citraNa huA hai| braja ke logoM dvArA giri pUjana ke lie jAne kA dRzya draSTavya bahuta jure brajavAsI log| surapati pUjA meTi, govardhana pUjA kai sNjog| jojana bIsa eka aru agarau, DerA iMhi anumaan| brajavAsI nara-nArI aMta nahi~, mAnau sindhu smaan| ika Avata braja taiM itahI kauM, ika itarauM braja jaat| naMda lie saba gvAla sUra prabhU, Ai gae taha~ praat|| indra dvArA kopa karane para braja para Aye bhayaMkara barasAta kA varNana bhI sUrasAgara meM dekhate hI banatA hai . (gagana ) megha ghaharAta thaharAta gaataa| . capalA camacamAti camaki nabha bhaharAta rAkhi kyoM na braja nNd-taataa| karaja maiM agra bhuja bAma girivara dharayau, nabha giridhara bhakta kaaj| sUra prabhu kahata braja-bAsi-bAsinini rAkhi tuma liyau giriraajraaj|5 harivaMzapurANa meM jinasenAcArya ne kRSNa dvArA govardhana-dhAraNa kA anya rUpa batAyA hai| kaMsa ne kRSNa ko mArane ke lie eka devI ko bhejaa| usa devI (pizAcI) ne zrI kRSNa ko mArane ke lie braja para tIvra pASANamayI varSA kI, kRSNa ina pattharoM kI varSA se tanika bhI nahIM ghabarAye varan unhoMne gokula kI rakSA ke lie apanI vizAla bhujAoM se govardhana parvata ko U~cA uThAyA evaM usake nIce saba kI rakSA kii|

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kudevapASANamayAtivarSairanAkulo vyaakulgokulaay| dadhAra govardhanamUrdhvamuccaiH sabhUdharaM bhuudhrnnorudoaam||1635/48 sUrasAgara meM isa ghaTanA se sambandhita do lIlAoM kA varNana milatA hai| unakA yaha varNana bhI vistRta svarUpa pA gayA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM isa ghaTanA ke sambandha meM mAtra eka zloka milatA hai| donoM kaviyoM ne zrI kRSNa dvArA govardhana-dhAraNa kI bAta kahI hai parantu giridhAraNa ke kAraNa alaga-alaga hai| harivaMzapurANa meM kRSNa akele govardhana ko uThAte haiM jabaki sUrasAgara meM ve saba ke sahayoga se isa bhagIratha kArya ko karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| sUrasAgara kA yaha prasaMga harivaMzapurANa se sUkSma abhivyaMjanA kI dRSTi se ucca koTi kA hai| pratIka artha : govardhana-lIlA kA nirUpaNa zrI kRSNa ke mahattva pratipAdana kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| yaha sevA harisevA ke lie protsAhita karatI hai| hari sabhI saMkaToM se apane svajanoM kI rakSA karate haiM ataH sabhI avasthAoM meM hari kI sevA karanI caahie| prasiddha bhAgavata kathA pravacanakAra zrI DoMgare mahArAja ne isa lIlA ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki-"isa lIlA kA yathArtha saMdarbha yaha hai ki govardhana meM go kA matalaba hotA hai-'bhakti yA jnyaan'| govardhana-lIlA arthAt jJAna aura bhakti ko bar3hAne vAlI liilaa| jJAna aura bhakti ko bar3hAne se hI deha kA abhimAna dUra hotA hai| prastuta lIlA meM saMgaThana evaM sahayoga kA bhI sundara bhAva vyakta huA hai| zrI kRSNa ke sAtha sabhI ne usa parvata ko uThAne meM apanA sahayoga diyA thaa| sahayoga se kaThina kArya bhI AsAnI se hala ho sakatA hai, usakA yaha sundara udAharaNa hai| zrI kRSNa dvArA dAvAnala-pAna : zrImad bhAgavata meM yaha kathA AtI hai ki eka bAra brajavAsI apanI gAyoM sahita yamunA taTa para so gye| AdhI rAta ke samaya vahA~ bhayaMkara Aga laga gii| AkAza meM agni kI bhayaMkara jvAlAe~ uThane lgiiN| Aga ne una saba ko cAroM ora se ghera liyA aura unheM jalAne lgii| taba sabhI zrI kRSNa kI zaraNa meM gaye aura usase bacAne ke lie prArthanA karane lge| usa samaya zrI kRSNa usa bhayaMkara Aga kA pAna kara gye|8 sUrasAgara meM kavi ne isa ghaTanA ko apanI maulikatA ke AdhAra para kaMsa se sambandhita batAyA hai| dasoM dizAoM meM Aga kA phailanA, Aga kI lapaToM se bhayabhIta brajavAsI, kRSNa dvArA sAMtvanA tathA dAvAnala-pAna karanA ityAdi prasaMga isa lIlA meM nirUpita kiye gaye haiN| braja ke logoM kI akulAhaTa kA dRzya dekhiye- .

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braja ke loga uThe akulaai| jvAlA dekhi akAsa barAbari, dasaha~ disA kaha~ pAra na paai| * jharaharAta braja-pAta girata taru, dharanI tarAki sunaai| jala barabata girivara-tara bA~ce, aba kaise giri hota shaai| ucaTata bhari aMgAra gagana lauM, sUra nirakhi braja-jana behaal||9 mahAkavi sUra ne jahA~ isa prasaMga ko bar3e manoyoga se citrita kiyA hai| vahA~ jinasenAcArya ne ise ullekhita nahIM kiyA hai| yaha ghaTanA bhI zrI kRSNa kI zakti sampannatA evaM aparimeya bala kI paricAyaka hai| pratIka artha : ___ dAvAgni ko prANAdhyAya kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai| prANAtmavAdI prANa ko hI AtmA mAnate haiN| bhUkha-pyAsa evaM pAcana kriyA prANa kA dharma hai| ataH prANa ko agni kahA jAtA hai| sAdhaka kA prANoM kA poSaNa karanA bhI asura bhAva yA pazutA hai| bhUkha-pyAsa ko hI miTAne vAlA sAdhaka kabhI saphala nahIM ho sakatA hai ataH prANoM ko saMtulita rakhane ke lie sAdhanA mArga ke vrata-upavAsa, prANAyAma Adi Avazyaka aMga mAne gaye haiN| zrI kRSNa rUpI bhAvanA yA jJAna isa prANAdhyAsa (dAvAnala) kA pAna kara bhakti kI saphalatA kA mArga prazasta karate haiM evaM mukti ke mArga ko avasara dete ____ dUsare dRSTikoNa se dekheM to-"agni kA kArya jalAnA hai| yoga bhI agni hai jo vikarmoM, pApoM ko bhasma kara detI hai| zrI kRSNa jaisA devopama vyakti bhI isa agni meM tapakara usakA pAna kara hI nikhara sakatA hai|"51 zrI kRSNa kI rasika lIlAe~ : jaba bAlakrIr3A yauvana-krIr3A meM badala jAtI hai aura bAlajIvana ke sAthI yauvanAnubhUtiyoM ke saMvAhaka bana jAte haiM to kRSNa ke eka sarvathA naye svarUpa kA udaya hotA hai| yaha rUpa kAvya meM zRMgAra aura bhakti ke madhurarasa ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi sUradAsa ne to isa rasa ke donoM pakSoM (saMyoga tathA viyoga) kA bar3A khUbI ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| zRMgAra rasa kA koI bhI aisA pahalU nahIM hai, jise sUra ne apanI baMda A~khoM se bhalI prakAra se na dekha liyA ho| unake zrRMgAra ke bhAva apane eka svAbhAvika krama meM puSTa hokara vikAsa kI pUrNa dazA taka pahuMce haiN| gopiyoM ke sAtha kRSNa kA madhura bhAva jIvana ke prabhAta se hI vikasita hokara saMbhoga kI vividha lIlAoM meM zanaiH-zanaiH puSTa hokara anta meM vipralambha kI A~ca meM nikhara kara paramojjvalatA ko prApta karatA hai|52 - - - - % - - -137

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yadyapi jinasenAcArya zrRMgAra ke kavi nahIM haiM parantu unakI kRti meM isa rasa kA bhI yatra-tatra sundara paripAka milatA hai| unhoMne zrI kRSNa kI ina rasika lIlAoM kA sUra jaisA vizada evaM manovaijJAnika dharAtala para paripuSTa varNana nahIM kiyA hai| ye ghaTanAe~ bhI sUrasAgara ke anusAra zrI kRSNa ke jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa pahaluoM para hameM vicArane ko vivaza karatI haiN| ina prasaMgoM kA vAstavika rahasya kyA hai? ise bhI samajhanA paramAvazyaka hai ataH harivaMzapurANa meM ina ghaTanAoM kA svalpa varNana hone ke uparAnta bhI sUrasAgara ke sAtha usakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane kA yahA~ prayAsa kiyA jaayegaa| sUrasAgara meM gopiyoM ke sAtha meM zrI kRSNa ke prema-vikAsa kA kramabaddha nirUpaNa milatA hai, jisakA harivaMzapurANa meM abhAva hai| rasikalIlAoM meM bhI harivaMzapurANa sUrasAgara se pIche hai| inhIM vizeSatAoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kRSNa kI ina lIlAoM kA hama yahA~ vivecana prastuta kara rahe haiN| rAsalIlA : zarad Rtu kA pUrNa candra zubha AkAza para car3hakara kRSNa kI rAsalIlA dekhane ko Atura ho rahA hai| aisI pUrNa candramayI rAtri meM zrI kRSNa gopiyoM ke AhvAna ke lie veNu-vAdana karate haiN| muralI kA svara sunate hI gopiyA~ bhAva-vihvala ho jAtI haiN| ve apane pati ityAdi kI maryAdAoM ko tor3akara zIghra kRSNa ke pAsa daur3I AtI hai, jaise bIna vimohita sarpa bIna kI dhvani para gArUr3I ke pAsa pahuMca jAtA hai| yamunA kA manorama taTa aura cAroM ora apanI sugandhamayI muskarAhaTa phailAte hue phUla aise manamohaka vAtAvaraNa meM lagatA hai ki prakRti bhI apane sundara raMgabiraMge vastra pahine apane saubhAgya para muskarA rahI hai| roma-roma ko pulakita karane vAlA zItala, maMda, sugaMdhita pavana baha rahA hai| prakRti kI prasannAvasthA meM mohana kI baMzI-vimohita maNDalI rAsa karane jA rahI hai| sUrasAgara meM rAsalIlA kA atyadhika rocaka aura cittAkarSaka varNana hai| isa varNana meM kavi ziromaNi sUra kI tanmayatA evaM kalpanAzIlatA parAkASThA para pahuMca gaI hai| kRSNa ke veNuvAdana se gopiyA~ itanI tanmayatA ko prApta kara gaI haiM, ve itanI premAnmata ho gaI haiM ki ve vastrAbhUSaNa taka sthAnAntara para dhAraNa kara letI haiN| isa lIlA meM gopiyoM kI prema janya utsukatA evaM utkaTatA dekhate hI banatI hai| gopiyoM kI anurakti kA saba se bar3A pramANa isI rAsa-lIlA meM milatA hai| karata zRMgAra juvati bhulaahiiN| aMga-sudhi nahIM ulaTe basana dhArahi~ eka ekahi kachU surati naahii| naina-aMjana adhara A~jahI haraSa sA~, sravana tATaka ulaTe sNvaareN| sUra prabhu-mukha-lalita benu dhuni bana sunata calI behAla aMcala na dhaareN||53 -

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gopiyA~ premAtireka meM milane kI saMbhAvanA se utpanna harSa aura anurAga ke kAraNa zIghratA meM bhUSaNAdi sthAnAntara para dhAraNa kara ardharAtri ke samaya sahasA ghara se bAhara nikalane lagatI haiN| unheM dekhakara unake svajana unheM isa anucita kArya ke lie manA karate haiN| gopiyA~ to pAgala bana gaIM thI ataH ve nivArita hone para bhI bhAdra-pada ke teja jala pravAha kI bhA~ti kRSNa ko milane ke lie daur3a pdd'ii| calI bana benu sunata jaba dhaai| mAtu-pitA-bAMdhava ati trAsata jAti kahA~ akulaai| sakuca nahIM saMkA kachu nahIM, raini kahA~ tuma jaati| janani kahati daI kI ghAlI, kAhe ko itraati| mAnati nahIM aura risa pAvati nikasI nAtau tori| jaise jala-pravAha bhAdau ko, so ko sakai bhori||54 isa pada meM gopiyoM kI utkaMThA evaM autsukya kA sundara varNana huA hai| jaba ve aisI avasthA meM kRSNa ke pAsa pahu~cI to unake mana meM harSa kA samudra lahareM lene lgaa| ve parama Azvasta huI parantu zrI kRSNa bhI rasika Thahare, unhoMne kautuka vaza unake ananya mAdhurya bhAva kI parIkSA lene kI tthaanii| gopiyoM ke isa anucita vyavahAra ke lie ve unheM DA~Tane lge| kRSNa kA aisA vyavahAra dekhakara gopiyA~ niSprabha ho gaIM parantu kRSNa kI caturAI ko samajhakara kahane lagI ki mohana! tumhArI vaMzI ne hameM nAma lekara bulAyA hai| kRSNa kahate haiM ki tuma acche gharoM kI bahU-beTiyA~ ho, arddharAtri ko daur3akara AI ho, tuma saba ne acchA nahIM kiyaa| aba bhI samaya hai, apane-apane ghara calI jaao| tumhAre mAtA-pitA ne tumheM rokA nahIM? : gopiyA~ kRSNa ke isa prakAra ke pratikUla vyavahAra se atIva kAtara ho uThIM, unake niSThara vyavahAra se unakA mukha kumhalA gyaa| hRdaya TUTa gyaa| sUra ne gopiyoM ke harSa evaM viSAda kA bar3A manabhAvana nirUpaNa kiyA hai| - gopiyoM kA harSa : dekhi syAma mana haraSa bddh'aayau| taisiya sarada cA~danI nirmala, tesoi rAsa-raMga upjaayau| taisiya kanaka-barana saba suMdari, ihi~ saubhA para mana llcaayau||55 . gopiyoM dvArA zrI kRSNa ko diyA gayA pratyuttara dekhiye sUra ke isa pada meM : kaise hamako brajahi ptthaavt| mana tau rahyau carana lapaTAnyau, jo itanI yaha deha claavt| aTakai naina mAdhurI musukati amRta vacana sravanani ko bhaavt| inako kari lInheM, apane tuma to kyoM hama nahIM jiya bhaavt| sUra saina de sarabasa luTyau, muralI lai-lai nAma bulaavt||56

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gopiyA~ zrI kRSNa ko kahatI haiM ki Apa kRpAsindhu haiM, Apa apane isa viruda kI lajjA rkho| tumheM pAkara hama vApasa kaise lauTa jaae| hamane apanA sarvasva tumheM mAnA hai, isalie hama yahA~ AI haiN| hama apane prANa tyAga deMgI, parantu hameM vApasa jAne para vivaza mata kro| hamAre para anukampA karake hamase premapUrvaka bAta kro| gopiyoM kI aisI karuNatA dekhakara kRSNa ne jAna liyA ki ye parIkSA kI kasauTI meM sampUrNa rUpa se kharI utarI haiN| gopiyoM kI aisI andhatA se prasanna hokara kRSNa unheM rAsa ke lie prastuta ho jAne kA Adeza dete haiN| rAsa kI yaha AjJA sunate hI bAdala meM bijalI kI bhA~ti gopikAoM ke badana harSa se camaka utthe| gopiyoM aura kRSNa kA yaha saMvAda sUra ne bar3I manovaijJAnikatA ke AdhAra para evaM nATakIyatA ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA hai| isa lIlA meM kRSNa caritra meM jahA~ gauravazIlatA evaM maryAdA kA mizraNa hai, yahA~ gopiyoM meM prema-kAtaratA, snehazIlatA evaM dayanIyatA kA anupama saMyoga hai| rAsa ke Adeza se gopiyoM meM aisA harSAveza ho gayA, jo varNanAtIta hai| prastuta hai sUrasAgara kA yaha pada hari-mukha dekhi bhUle nain| hRdaya haraSita prema gadagada, mukha na Avata bain|| kAma-Atura bhajI gopI hari mile tihi~ bhaai| milati ika-ika bhujati bhari-bhari rAsa ruci jiya aani| tihi samaya sukha syAma-syAmA, sUra kyau kahe gaani||57 zrI kRSNa bhI apane rAsa prastAva ke pazcAt svayaM kI DhiThAI para pazcAttApa karate haiM tathA atyanta vinamra evaM dIna banakara gopiyoM se kSamAyAcanA karate haiN| ve svayaM ko asAdhu aura gopiyoM ko sAdhu ghoSita karate haiM syAma haMsi bole prabhutA ddaari| . bArabAra vinaya kara jorata, kaTi-paTa goda psaari| tuma sanamukha maiM vimukha tumhArauM, maiM asAdhu tuma saadh| dhanya dhanya kahi kahi juvatini kA~, Apu karata anuraadh||18 isake pazcAt rAsa zuru hotA hai| kavi ne apanI maulikatA ke AdhAra para madhura bhAvoM kI bar3I bhAvapUrNa abhivyaMjanA kI hai| isameM saMbhoga zRMgAra tathA vipralaMbha bhaMgAra ke samasta bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| jaba gopiyoM ko aham ho gayA to bhagavAn antardhyAna ho jAte haiN| gopiyA~ kRSNa-viyoga meM vihvala hokara vana-vana bhaTakatI haiN| ve sabhI latAdruma se kRSNa ke bAre meM pUchatI hai| udhara rAdhA bhI atyanta vyAkula tathA vikSipta avasthA meM milatI hai| rAdhA kI vyAkulatA kA bhAvapUrNa aMkana dekhiye- .

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jau dekheM druma ke tarai murajhI sukumaarii| cakita bhau saba suMdarI yaha to rAdhA rii| yAhi kauM khojati sabai, yaha rahI kahA~ rii| dhAi parauM saba sundarI, jo jahA~-tahA~ rii| tana kI tanakahu~ sudhi nahIM vyAkula bhaI baalaa| yaha to ati behAla hai, kaha~ gae gopaalaa||59 - isake pazcAt kRSNa punaH prakaTa hote haiM, mahArAsa prArambha hotA hai| mahArAsa meM saMbhoga ke aneka bhAva nirUpita haiN| usake pazcAt jala-vihAra kA bhI varNana AtA hai| jinasenAcArya ne apanI kRti harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa kI isa madhura lIlA kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| parantu yaha varNana sUrasAgara jaisA na to bhAvapUrNa hai aura na hI vistRt| AcAryajI ne isa prasaMga meM saMyoga-viyoga donoM dazAoM ko saMkSepa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| zrIkRSNa jaba kumArAvasthA ko prApta karate haiM, usa samaya ve atyanta hI nirvikAra aura komala hRdaya ko dhAraNa kara atizaya yauvana ke unmAda se bharI evaM prasphuTita stanoM vAlI gopa-kanyAoM ke sAtha rAsa-krIr3A karate the| isa rAsa-krIr3A ke samaya ve gopakanyAoM ke lie apane hAtha kI aMguliyoM ke sparza kA sukha pradAna karAte the parantu ve svayaM atyanta nirlipta rahate the| jaise aMguThI meM jar3I huI maNi strI ke hAtha kI aMgulI se sparza karane ke bAvajUda bhI nirvikAra rahatI hai| sa bAlabhAvAtsukumArabhAvastathaivamudbhinnakucAH kumaarH| . suyauvanonmAdabharAH surAsairarIramatkeliSu gopknyaaH|| karAMgulisparzasukhaM sa raasessvjiijngopvdhuujnsy| . sunirvikAro'pi mahAnubhAvo mumudrikaanddhmnniythaarthyH||6deg 35/65-66 isa rAsalIlA ke samaya gopiyoM ko kRSNa se milane kA atyadhika anurAga sukha milatA thaa| rAsa-lIlA sabake mana ko Ananda dene vAlI thii| isa lIlA se sabhI kI prasannatA bar3ha jAtI thI parantu isakA abhAva sabhI ko virahajanya saMtApa pradAna karane vAlA thaa| . jinasenAcArya ne rAsalIlA kI madhuratA ko svIkAra karane ke bAda zrI kRSNa ko / isa lIlA meM saMlagna hone para bhI unheM nirlipta batAyA hai| kavi ne kRSNa kI gauravatA evaM caritratA ko bar3e hI sundaratA ke sAtha varNita kiyA hai| rAsalIlA samasta gopiyoM ke lie harSa ko bar3hAne vAlI thI parantu unakA virahAnurAga bhI vihvalatA se yukta thaa| purANakAra ne gopiyoM ke harSa athavA zoka ke manobhAvoM ko prakaTa nahIM kiyA hai varan unhoMne isakA ullekha yA saMketa mAtra kiyA hai| =141=

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yathA harau bhUrijanAnurAgo jagAma vRddhiM hRdi vRddhisuucii| tathAsya tene virahAnurAgo vihArakAle virhaatursy|| sUrasAgara meM saMyoga evaM viyoga ke aneka manobhAvoM yukta rAsa-lIlA ko varNita kiyA gayA hai vaise hI harivaMzapurANa bhI zrI kRSNa kI isa madhura lIlA ko svIkAratA hai| jinasenAcArya ne isa varNana meM sUradAsa jaise atyanta vistRta evaM vaidagdhya yukta citraNa prastuta nahIM kiye haiN| parantu unakA rAsalIlA-citraNa tathA zrI kRSNa kI nirliptatA kA bhAva sAmya rakhatA hai| rAsalIlA kA pratIka artha : zrI kRSNa kI rAsalIlA ke sambandha meM una para aneka AkSepa lagAye jAte haiM parantu vAstava meM yadi rAsalIlA ke pratIka artha ko samajhA jAya to yaha nirvivAda siddha hotA hai ki yaha laukika kAmanAoM se yukta na hokara jIva aura Izvara kA alaukika milana hai| aneka dArzanika granthoM meM isake pratIkArtha kA savistAra vivecana milatA hai| unhoMne rAsalIlA ko brahmAnanda se utkRSTa mAnakara ise bhajanAnaMda kI saMjJA dI hai| bhAgavata kI rAsa paMcAdhyAyI ko bhaktagaNa bhAgavata ke pA~ca prANa mAnate haiN| gopiyoM ko "vallabhAcArya" ne bhagavAn kI siddhi svarUpA zaktiyA~ mAnA hai tathA inake sAtha krIr3A karane ko bhagavAn kA aparokSa-bhoga kahA hai| gopiyoM kA parivAra va samAja vyavahAra ko tyAga kara jAnA unakA dharma, artha tathA ,kAma kA parityAga hai| bhagavAn ke ramaNarUpI phala ko prApta karane ke lie viveka aura vairAgya sAdhanoM kI siddhatA Avazyaka hai| gopiyoM ne apane gRha-vyavahAroM kA tyAga kara inhIM viva aura vairAgya sAdhanoM ko siddha kiyaa|61 gauDIya sampradAya ke anusAra hlAdinI zakti kI vRtti-vizeSa dvArA zrI kRSNa evaM gopiyoM ke paraspara prIti-vidhAna kA nAma ramaNalIlA hai| jIva ko saMsAra meM bhejakara vahA~ duHkha bhogane ke dvArA saMsAra kI anityatA aura asAratA ko acchI taraha samajhakara use sukhamaya cidghana svarUpa AtmasvarUpa meM supratiSThita karane meM pradhAna hetu rUpa usakI sukhAnubhUti kI jo icchA hai-yaha icchA hI bhagavAn kI hlAdinI zakti kI vRtti vizeSa hai|62 / / panaghaTa lIlA : rAsalIlA ke pazcAt kRSNa kI madhuralIlAoM meM dUsarI lIlA panaghaTa lIlA hai| sUrasAgara meM rAsa-lIlA kI taraha isa lIlA meM bhI saMbhoga zrRMgAra ke sabhI bhAvoM evaM anubhAvoM kI prabhAvotpAdaka abhivyaMjanA hai| zrI kRSNa kI madhura lIlAoM ke varNana meM sUrasAgara harivaMzapurANa se atyadhika Age hai| harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa kI rasika lIlAoM meM mAtra rAsalIlA kA varNana milatA hai parantu sUrasAgara meM to aisI anekAneka lIlAoM kA sundara vivecana hai| sUrasAgara kI aisI lIlAoM meM panaghaTa-lIlA bhI eka hai|

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yaha lIlA sUra kI maulika sUjha hai| rasikezvara zrI kRSNa ne jaba apanA samaya cher3a-chAr3a meM vyatIta karanA prArambha kiyA, usa samaya apanI gatividhiyoM kA kendra "panaghaTa" bnaayaa| ve yamunA jala ko bharakara Ane vAlI gopiyoM ke gAgara ko darakA dete haiN| kisI kI iMDUrI phaiMka dete haiM to kisI kI gAgara phor3a dete haiM evaM kisI ke citta ko curA lete haiN| kAhU kI gagarI ddhrkaaveN| kAhU kI iMDurI phttkaavai| kAhU kI gagarI dhari phoNreN| kAhU ke citta citavana caureM // 63 - isase bhI Age bar3hakara zrI kRSNa kisI kI bA~ha maror3a dete haiM, kisI kI alakeM pakar3a lete haiM, barajorI se kisI ko apane bhujApAza meM Abaddha kara dete haiN| gopiyA~ kRSNa kI ina zarAratoM se bAhara se khIjha prakaTa karatI haiM parantu itanA hone para bhI ve andara se itanI mugdha haiM ki unheM kRSNa kI lIlAe~ atyadhika Ananda pradAna karane vAlI lagatI haiN| aisI mugdha avasthA meM ve apanA mArga bhaTaka jAtI haiN| eka gopikA ke bAhara se saMkucita hone para bhI bhItara se pulakita hone kA citraNa draSTavya chA~r3i dehu merI laTa mohn| kuca parasata puni-puni sakucata nahiM kata AI taji gohn| juvati Ani dekhi hai koU, kahati baMka kari bhauNhn| bAra-bAra kahI vIra duhAI, tuma mAnata nahiM saaNhn| itane hI ko soha divAvati, maiM Ayo mukha john| sura syAma nAgari basa kInhI vibasa calI ghara koha n|64 .... isase Age gopikA apanI mugdhAvasthA meM mArga bhaTaka jAne para apanI laTa para roSa prakaTa karatI hai| vaha socatI hai ki manamohana kRSNa ne isI ko chaTakA merI yaha dazA kI hai| sUra kI bhAvapUrNa abhivyaMjanA dekhate hI banatI hai calI bhavana mana hari-hari liinhauN| paga dve jAti ThaThaki phiri herati, jiya yaha kahati kahA hari kiinhaaN| mAraga bhUli gaI jihi~ AI, Avata kai nahi~ pAvati ciinhauN| risa kari khIjhi khIjhi laTa jhUTakati syAma-bhUjani chuTakAyau inhauN| prema-sindhu maiM magana bhaI tiya hari ke raMga bhayau ura liinau| sUradAsa-prabhu so cita a~Takyau, Avata nahi~ ita utahi~ ptiinauN|65 ... . sUradAsa ne isa prasaMga meM gopikA kA ThiThakanA, bArambAra pIche mur3akara dekhanA, apanA mArga bhaTakanA tathA apanI vicitra manodazA ityAdi kA bar3A hI svAbhAvika varNana kiyA hai| D

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kavi ziromaNi sUra ne jala bhara ke ThiThaka-ThiThaka kara calatI, apane netroM ko maTakAtI, apane mukha ko DulAtI, apanI baMkima bhauMhoM ko calAtI huI gopiyoM ke vividha hAva-bhAvoM kA apratima varNana kiyA hai| sUra ne gopiyoM kI cAla ko madamasta hathiniyoM kI upamA dI hai tathA kRSNa ko gajapati ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| aisA bhAvapUrNa citraNa anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yadyapi gopiyA~ kRSNa ke isa dhRSTatAyukta kRtya se parezAna haiM parantu unake antargata mAdhurya kA srota bhI chipA huA hai| zrI kRSNa kI isa panaghaTa lIlA meM do prasaMga ullekhanIya haiN| eka prasaMga meM gopiyA~ kRSNa kI uddaNDatA kI zikAyata karane ke lie yazodA ke pAsa jAtI haiN| yazodA unheM samajhA-bujhAkara ghara lauTAtI haiN| kRSNa ko bhI Dara hotA hai ki Aja merI zikAyata avazya hogI, ve sakucAte ghara lauTa rahe hote haiM ki gopiyA~ unheM ghara se bAhara hI mila jAtI haiN| kRSNa apane zikAyata ke pratyuttara ke lie bar3I caturatA ke sAtha mA~ yazodA se kahate haiM ki he mA~! tU mujhe hI DA~TanA tathA mAranA jAnatI hai| una saba kI zarAratoM ko nahIM smjhtii| ve mujhe hI bulAtI haiM tathA aneka bAteM gar3ha-gar3ha kara tujhe bhI kucha kaha kara calI jAtI haiM aura tU mAna letI hai| unake maTakane se unakI gAgara gira gyii| isameM merA kyA doSa? kRSNa kI aisI bAteM sunakara mA~ kA krodha dUra ho jAtA hai| taba vaha yaha kahatI hai ki gopiyA~ jhUThI bAteM banAkara mere tanaka se kanhaiyA para doSa lagAtI haiM parantu ve saba yauvana-mada kI matavArI haiN| catura kRSNa dvArA mA~ ko gopiyoM ke doSa kA citraNa sUra ke isa pada meM dekhiye tU mohI kauM mArana jAnati unake carita kahA kou jAne, unahi~ kahI tU maanti| kadama-tIra tai mohi bulAyau gar3hi-gar3hi bAtai baanti| maTakata giri gAgarI sira taiM, aba aisI budhi tthaanti| sUra sutahi dekhata hI risagaI, mukha cUmati ura aanti|66 dUsare prasaMga meM eka gopikA yamunA taTa para jala bharane gii| zrI kRSNa vRkSa kI oTa meM chipa gye| jaise hI vaha yuvatI gAgara bhara ke ghara kI ora calane lagI, kRSNa ne usakI gAgara ko DharakA diyaa| gopikA bhI atyanta catura nikalI, usane kRSNa kI kanaka lakuTI ko china liyaa| vaha kahane lagI, jaba taka yaha ghar3A tuma mujhe yamunA jala se bharakara nahIM doMge, maiM yaha lakuTI nahIM duuNgii| kRSNa anunaya karane lage ki, maiM tumheM jala bhara de dU~gA para tU merI lakuTI vApasa kr| anta meM kRSNa use usa dina kI bAta yAda karAke lakuTI dene para vivaza karate haiM jisa dina unhoMne sabake cIra hara liye the| yaha bAta sunate hI gopikA bhAvamagna ho jAtI hai, usake hAtha se lakuTI kaba chUTa par3atI hai, use kucha patA nhiiN| % 3D

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(ka ) juvati ika Avati dekhI syaam| druma kai oTa rahe hari Apuna, jamunA taTa gaI baam| jala halori gAgari bhari nAgari, jabahIM sIsa utthaayau| ghara kau~ calI jAe tA pAchai sira taiM ghaTa ddhrkaayau| catura gvAli kari gahyau~ syAma kau, kanaka lakuTiyA paaii| aurani sau kari reha acagarI, mosauM lagata knhaaii| gAgari lai ha~si deta gvAri kara rItauM ghaTa nahi~ lehaaN| sUra syAma hyA~ Ani dehu bhari tabahi lakuTa kara dehaaN||67 (kha) ghaTa bhari dehu lakuTa taba dehauM / hauM hU bar3e mahara kI beTI, tuma sau~ nahI ddrehaaN| merI kanaka-lakuTiyA de rI, maiM bhari dehauM niir| bisari gaI sudhi tA dina kI, tohi~ hare sabana ke ciir| yaha bAnI suni gvAri bibasa bhaI, tanako sudhi bisraaii| sUra lakuTa kara girata na jAnI, syAma ThagaurI laaii|68 * gopikA kI vicitra dazA dekhakara kRSNa gAgara bharakara usake sira para rakha dete haiN| vaha calane ko prastuta hotI hai parantu aisI manodazA ke kAraNa use rAste meM kucha nahIM suujhtaa| usakI A~khoM meM to kRSNa hI samAye hue haiN| vaha jahA~ bhI dRSTi phaiMkatI hai, use kRSNa hI kRSNa dIkha par3ate haiN| vaha kina A~khoM se apane mArga ko nihaare|69 kRSNa ke prati gopikA ke aMtima tallInAvasthA kA bhAva citraNa dekhate hI banatA hai| ___ uparyukta vivecanAnusAra sUrasAgara meM panaghaTa lIlA kA bar3A hI nATakIya evaM naisargika bhAva vikAsa milatA hai| sUra ko isa varNana meM bar3I saphalatA milI hai| pratIka artha : mahAkavi sara ne isa prasaMga ko bar3A hI rasika evaM zRMgAraparaka banAyA hai parantu jahA~ taka isake pratIkaM artha kI bAta hai to yaha bhautika zarIra miTTI kA ghar3A hai, jo eka kaMkarI kI coTa se. phUTa jAtA hai| yaha nazvara hai, kSaNa-bhaMgura hai| isa para garva kaisA? sanAtana satya to usa ghar3e meM chipI AtmA hai jo IzvarIya prema-rasa se sikta hai| ghar3e rUpI zarIra ke mithyAbhimAna ko chor3e binA AtmA kA prabhu se milana sambhava nahIM hai| paramAtmA hI. isa ghar3e se uparAnta Atmasthiti kA vAstavika anubhava karAtA hai| dAnalIlA :. bhAgavata ityAdi jina granthoM meM zrI kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA varNana hai, unameM dAnalIlA kA prasaMga nahIM hai parantu sUradAsajI ne apanI kRti meM ina lIlAoM ko paryApta sthAna

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diyA hai| panaghaTa-lIlA kI taraha yaha lIlA bhI sUra kI maulika sUjha hai| panaghaTa para pAnI bharatI yuvatiyoM kI maTakiyA~ phor3a-phor3a kara kRSNa aura bhI ThIr3ha ho gaye haiN| unakI zarArateM aura bhI bar3ha gaI haiN| jaba gokula kI striyA~ makkhana lekara mathurA meM becane. jAtI haiM to zrI kRSNa eka dala banAkara una striyoM ko lUTanA tathA lUTa kA mAla bA~Takara khAnA prArambha karate haiN| lUTa rupayoM, paisoM kI nahIM varan makkhana kI hotI hai| kRSNa una gopiyoM kA mArga rokakara unase pahale dAna mA~gA karate the| ve gopiyoM se dAna yAcanA nimna prakAra se karate haiM dAna diye binu jAna na paihoN| jaba dehauM DharAi saba gorasa tabahiM dAna tuma dehauN| .. gopiyA~ kRSNa kI isa bAta para Azcarya vyakta karatI hai aura uttara detI hai ki tuma kaba se dAna mA~gane vAle ho gaye ho| hama to naMda bAbA ke lihAja se tujhe chor3a rahI hai varanA apane kie kA svAda kabhI kA cakhA diyA hotaa| tuma kabake ju bhae hau daanii| maTukI phori hAra gahi taurayoM ina bAtani phicaanii| naMda mahara kI kAni karati hauM na tu karatI mehmaanii| dAnalIlA ke prasaMga meM gopiyoM tathA kRSNa ke bIca kalaha bar3ha jAtA hai| gopiyA~ kRSNa para nArAja ho jAtI hai, kRSNa ko aneka upAlambha detI haiN| kRSNa ko burI taraha se jhir3akatI hai parantu kRSNa para ina sabakA pratikUla prabhAva hI par3atA hai| ve atyanta khIjhakara kisI ke gale kA hAra tor3a dete haiM, kisI kI kaMcukI phAr3a DAlate haiM, kisI kA dahimAkhana, kisI ke bartana nIce lur3hakA dete haiN| kRSNa kI aisI zarAratoM se bAja na Ane para gopiyA~ mA~ yazodA ke pAsa jAtI haiM parantu yazodA ulaTA unheM jhir3akatI hai maiM tumhareM mana kI saba jaanii| Apu sabai itarAti phira tihauM, dUSana deti syAma ko aani| mero hari kaha~ dasahi~ barasa ko, tuma rI jobana mada umdaanii| lAja nahIM Avati ina la~garini, kaise dhauM kahI Avati baanii| Apuhi~ tori hAra colI ba~da, ura nakha-ghAta banAI nisaanii|72 yazodA kI aisI bAta sunakara gopiyA~ becArI kyA karatIM? ve cupacApa vApasa lauTa AtI haiN| kRSNa aba apane sakhAoM ke sAtha gopiyoM se dAna mA~ganA prArambha karate haiM / ve unase kahate haiM ki-aisI choTI-sI bAta ko bar3I banAnA acchA nahIM hai| hama jo tumase mA~ga rahe haiM, use turaMta dekara isa jhaMjhaTa se mukti paao| isI meM tumhArI bhalAI hai

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mosoM bAta sunahu braja naarii| ika upakhAna calata tribhuvana maiM, tumaso kaho ughaarii| kabahU~ bAlaka mu~ha na dIjiye, mu~ha na dIjiyai naarii|73 gopiyA~ zrI kRSNa kI aisI bAteM sunakara aura bhI kruddha ho jAtI hai| ve unake dvArA kI gaI mAkhana corI tathA ukhala bandhana kI bAteM karake kahatI haiM ki kRSNa aba to apanI zarAratoM ko chor3akara kucha sabhya bno| taba kRSNa apane dvArA govardhana parvata uThAne ityAdi alaukika bAtoM kI carcA karate haiM parantu gopiyA~ kRSNa kI hara bAta para upahAsa karatI haiN| kRSNa phira bhI unakA mArga roke khar3e rahate haiM, taba ve apane patiyoM ko bulAne kI dhamakI detI hai| zrI kRSNa kahate haiM ki apane ghara vAloM ko hI nahIM, mathurA ke rAjA kaMsa ko bulA lo, maiM usake lie bhI taiyAra huuN| isa para gopiyA~ kahatI haiM jo tuma dAna mA~gane vAle rAjA ho to apane mora mukuTa tathA pitAmbara chor3akara ca~vara chatradhArI kisI rAjasiMhAsana para kyoM nahIM baiThate? rAjadhAnI "nIkI" hai| kRSNa kI aisI prema bharI bAteM sunakara bholI-bhAlI gopiyA~ dadhi-dAna ke lie prastuta ho jAtI haiM parantu aba kRSNa kucha aura hI dAna mA~gate haiM laihoM dAna inani ko tuma sauM matta gayaMda, haMsa hama sauM haiM, kahA durAvati hama sauN| kehari, kanaka kalasa amRta ke, kaisa~ dura duraavtii| vidruma hema braja ke manukA nAhina hamahi sunaavti|| khaga, kapota, kokilA, kIra, khaMjana, caMcala mRga jaanti| mani kaMcana ke cakra jare haiM ete para nAhi~ maanti|| sAyaka cApa turaya bani jati hau liye sabai tuma jaah| ..... caMdana ca~vara sugandha jahA~ taha~ kesaM hota nibaahu||5. gopiyA~ kRSNa kI isa bAta ko samajha nahIM pAtI haiN| ve kahatI hai ki hamAre pAsa yaha vastue~ kahA~ haiM? taba kRSNa unheM unake aMgoM ke uparyukta upamAnoM ko isa prakAra samajhAte haiM ciMkura camara ghUghaTa haya-bara, bara bhuva sAraMga dikhraauuN| bAna kaTAccha naina khaMjana, mRga nAsA suka upmaauuN| tarivana cakra adhara vidruma-chabi, dasana braja-kana tthaauuN| grIva kapota kokilA bAnI, kuca-ghaTa-kanaka subhaauuN| jobana-mada rasa amRta bhare haiM, rUpa raMga jhlkaauuN| aMga sugaMdha bAsa pATaMbara, gani-gani tumahi~ sunaauuN|76 zrI kRSNa kI aisI durAzaya bharI bAteM sunakara gopiyA~ vApasa jhallA jAtI haiN| ve

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kRSNa ko kahatI haiM ki para strI ko cher3anA acchI bAta nahIM hai| tumane loka maryAdA ke viruddha bAta kahI hai ataH aise kRtyoM se rahanA hI tumhAre ahita meM hai| mA~gata aiso dAna knhaaii| aba samujhI hama bAta tumhArI, prakaTa bhaI kachu dhauM truunaaii| ihi lAlaca a~kavAri bharata hau, hAra teri colI jhttkaaii| apanI ora dekhi dhauM lIje, tA pAche kariyai briyaaii|| sakhA lie tuma gherata puni-puni, bana bhItara saba nAri praaii| sUra syAma aisI na bUjhiyai, ina bAtani marajAda nsaaii||77 anta meM vivAda samApta karane ke lie kRSNa kahate haiM ki maiM kAmadeva kI AjJA se tumase jIvana dAna mA~gane AyA huuN| tumheM yaha mujhe denA hI hogaa| yaha suna gopiyA~ apanA sarvasva dene ke lie vyAkula ho gaI kyoMki unheM bhI kAma nRpati ne coTa lgaaii| ve mana hI mana kahane lagI ki yaha deha bhI tumhAre lie prastuta hai| zrI kRSNa unakA AtmasamarpaNa svIkAra karate haiN| sUrasAgara kA yaha vArtAlApa bar3A hI sundara bana par3A hai| mahAkavi sUra kahate haiM ki antaryAmI kRSNa ne sabake mana meM milakara atyanta sukha pradAna kiyaa| jaba gopiyoM ko apane tana kA bhAna AyA to vana meM apane Apako dekhakara ve sakucA giiN| aMtarajAmI jAni lii| mana maiM mile sabani sukha dInhauM, taba tanu kI kachu surati bhii| jaba jAnyauM bana maiM hama ThADhI, tana nirakhyo mana sakuci gii| sUradAsa prabhu aMtarajAmI, guptahiM jovana-dAna lyau|78 taduparAnta zrI kRSNa samasta bAla gvAla ke saMga dahI tathA mAkhana khAte haiN| gopiyA~ prema ke sAtha gvAla bAloM ko gorasa khilAne lagatI haiN| aba ye gopiyA~ bhI itanI bhAva vibhora bana jAtI haiM ki kRSNa ke kahane para bhI ghara jAne ko taiyAra nahIM hotii| ve kahane lagatI haiM ki binA mana ghara kaise jA sakatI haiM, hamArA mana to tumhAre pAsa hai| ghara tanu mana binA nahIM jAta Apu ha~si kahata hau jU caturaI kI baat| tanahi para manahi rAjA, joi kare soi-hoi| kahI ghara hama jAhi kaise, mana dhayau tuma goi||9 isake bAda gopikA kA premonmAda dekhate hI banatA hai| ve Atma-vismRta avasthA ko prApta kara letI haiN| gopiyA~ kRSNa maya hokara jar3a-cetana kA aMtara bhUla jAtI haiN| ve -148

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rItI maTakI sira para rakhe vana-vana bhaTakatI haiN| unheM kucha bhI dhyAna nahIM rhtaa| per3oM ko ghara ke dvAra samajhakara dahI lene kI AvAja lagAtI haiN| kabhI to "dahI lo" ke sthAna para "gopAla lo":"gopAla lo" kahatI phiratI haiN| kou mAI lehai rI gopaalhiN| dadhi ko nAma syAmasundara-rasa, bisarI gayau brj-baalhiN| maTukI sIsa phirati braja-bIthini bolati bacana rsaalhiN| isa prasaMga meM gopiyoM kA prema, rUpa-krIr3A aura lIlA kI Asakti se prArambha hokara kula-loka-veda kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana, lajjA kA parityAga evaM sAMsArika vaibhava kI sarvathA upekSA karatA huA pUrNa AtmasamarpaNa kI sthiti kI ora agrasara hotA hai| . sUrasAgara kA yaha prasaMga atyanta hI krama-baddha kAvyAtmaka evaM saMvAdAtmaka yukta hai| isameM aneka sundara bhAvoM kA samAveza milatA hai jo zrRMgAra rasa ko aMtima dazA meM pahu~cAte haiM / sUradAsa ne isa prasaMga ko vistAra se nirUpita kara isake mahattva ko bar3hAyA hai| pratIkAtmakatA : dAnalIlA kI yathArthatA yaha hai ki-"sacce dila se hameM apanA sarvasva paramAtmA ko arpaNa karanA caahie|" tabhI ve hamArI naukA ko pAra lgaayeNge| bhagavAn ko apane mana kA samarpaNa karanA hai| makkhana ke samAna komala mana ko prabhu-ciMtana meM lagAne se hI apane ko svIkAra karate haiN| nirmala hRdaya kI gopikAe~ isI sAtvikatA ko lie hue hai| unakA prema isI niSkaluSatA para AdhArita hai| isI se gopiyA~ antarjagata meM kRSNa ke sAtha ekAkAra ho jAtI haiM evaM alaukika sukha kI prApti karatI haiN| mAkhana komala vRttiyoM kA paricAyaka hai, brahma jIva kI inhIM komala vRttiyoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatA hai| saMkSepa meM kahe to isa lIlA ke pIche AtmA kA samarpaNa tathA premonmattatA kA hI vAstavika rahasya chipA huA hai| hiMDolA : jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki isameM zrI kRSNa kA gopikAoM ke sAtha jhUlAjhUlane kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaba varSA Rtu meM sarvatra manamohaka hariyAlI chA jAtI hai, usa samaya gopiyA~ sajadhaja kara apane priyatama kRSNa ke pAsa jAkara unase jhUlA-jhUlane ke lie icchA prakaTa karatI haiN| sUradAsajI ne isa lIlA kA bar3A sundara citraNa kiyA hai| sUrasAgara meM gopikAe~ kRSNa ke sAmane jhUlA hetu isa prakAra prArthanA karatI haiM bAra-bAra vinaya karati, mukha nirakhati pAu prti| puni puni kara dharati, harati piya ke mana kaaje|| - -

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vihasati pyArI samIpa, ghana dAmini saMga rUpa, kaMTha gahati kahati kaMta, jhUlana kI saadhaa| 2 / / yahA~ zrI kRSNa ko manAne hetu gopiyoM ke manobhAva kA bar3A hI svAbhAvika citraNa huA hai| eka prasaMga meM kRSNa rAdhA ko sAtha jhulA rahe haiN| unakA jhUlA U~cA pahu~ca jAtA hai| rAdhA atyanta hI Dara jAtI hai, vaha jhUlA rokane ke lie prArthanA karatI hai| parantu zrI kRSNa aura bhI jora se jhUle ko U~cA bar3hAte hI jAte haiN| rAdhA Dara kara kRSNa ko kasakara pakar3a letI hai| jhUlate hue rAdhA-kRSNa ke saundarya kA kavi ne bar3A hI manorama citraNa kiyA hai| jhUlata vihvala syAma syAmA, sIsa mukulita kes| . . tATaMka tilaka sudesa jhalakata, khacita cUnI laal| nava akRta vikRta badana prahasita, kamala naina bisaal|| karaja mudrikA kiMkinI kaTi cAla gaja gati baal| sUra muraripu raMga raMge, sakhI sahita gupaal||3 ___ itanA hI nahIM jhUlA-jhUlate samaya AsapAsa ke suramya vAtAvaraNa ke nirUpita karane meM bhI kavi ne koI kamI nahIM rakhI hai| sundara yamunA taTa, jharamara-jharamara barasatA meha, bAdaloM ke bIca camakatI bijalI, mora, papaihai, dAdura ke mIThe svara ityAdi samasta prAkRtika saundarya ke bhAvAnukUla citra aMkita kie haiN| sUrasAgara meM yaha prasaMga bhI vizadatA ke sAtha varNita milatA hai| rAdhA ke sAtha kRSNa kA milana, unakA eka sAtha jhUlA-jhUlanA, manamohaka prAkRtika dRzya, hiMDaule kA apratima saundarya evaM lokottara nirmANa ityAdi aneka ghaTanAoM kA isameM vivecana milatA hai| jhUlA-jhUlate samaya rAdhA ke nUpuroM kI dhvani kiMkiniyoM kI jhaMkAra evaM kaMkaNoM kI khana-khanAhaTa kA bhAva pUrNa citraNa dekhiye kanaka nupura kunita kaMkana, kiMkinI jhnkaar| taha~ kuvari vRSabhAnu kaiM, saMga sauha~ nndkumaar||4 cIra-haraNa lIlA : sUrasAgara meM nirUpita zrI kRSNa kI rasika lIlAoM meM cIra-haraNa kA prasaMga bhI ullekhanIya hai| yaha prasaMga bhAgavatAnusAra hai parantu sUra ne ise atiraMjakatA se raMga diyA hai| sUra ke kRSNa atyanta caMcala hai| unakA mana kisI na kisI zarArata meM lagA rahatA hai| gopiyA~ zyAmasundara ko pati ke rUpa meM pAne ke lie gaurI-pati zaMkara kI ArAdhanA karatI haiN| ve jaba snAna karane jala meM utaratI haiM usa samaya meM bhI kRSNa ko pati ke rUpa meM pAne kI abhilASA karatI haiN| kRSNa unheM satAne ke lie jala meM

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mIna sabake pIche prakaTa hokara snAna karatI gopiyoM kI pITha malate haiN| nirvasana gopiyA~ unheM lajjita ho dhikkAratI haiN| prakaTa bhae prabhu jala ke bhItara dekhi sabana ko prem| mIr3ata pITha sabana ke pArcha, pUraNa kInhauM nem||5 ve kRSNa kI yaha zikAyata yazodA se karatI haiM tathA kahatI haiM ki tumhArA suta aba bahuta lampaTatA dikhA rahA hai| parantu yazodA unakI bAta nahIM mAnatI hai| vaha kahatI hai ki tuma mere lADale para jhUThA Aropa lagAtI ho, pahale bhI ise eka bAra tumane use Ukhala se baMdhavAyA thaa| corI kA Aropa lagAte-lagAte usake caritra para doSa lagA rahI ho binA bhIti tama citra likhati hau so kaisa~ nibhairii| corI rahI, chinAro aba bhayo, jAnyoM jJAna tumhaarau| aura gopa-sutani nahIM dekhyauM, sUra syAma haiM baaro||6 ___ itanA hone ke uparAnta bhI gopiyoM meM zrI kRSNa ke darzana kI lAlasA rahatI hai| jaba ve dUsarI bAra snAna karane jAtI haiM, usa samaya apane vastroM ko ghATa para rakhakara sabhI sakhiyA~ yamunA meM kelI karane lagatI haiN| zrI kRSNa maukA pAkara unake vastroM ko lekara kadamba para car3ha jAte haiM soraha sahasa gopa sukumaarii| sabake basana hera bnvaarii| harata basana kachu bAra na laagii| jala-bhItara juvati saba maaNgii| bhUSana basana sabai hari lyaae| kadama-DAra jaha~-taha~ lttkaae| - aisau nIpa-vRccha vistaaraa| cIra hAra dhauM kitaka hjaaraa||7 . yuvatiyA~ snAna karake jaba taTa ke nikaTa Akara dekhatI haiM ki unake vastrAbhUSaNa kucha bhI nahIM haiM, to unheM Azcarya hotA hai ki hamAre vastra kauna le gayA? taba zrI kRSNa kadamba kI DAla para baiThe-baiThe kahate haiM ki gopa-kumAriyo! tumhArA vrata pUrNa huA, aba tuma jala ke bAhara A jaao| isa para gopiyA~ zrI kRSNa se anunaya-vinaya karatI haiM ki hama binA vastra kaise bAhara AyeM, hameM lajjA AtI hai| hamArA zarIra zIta se kA~pa rahA hai, tuma hamAre vastra vApasa kara do| anta meM unakI prArthanA para bhakta vatsala zrI kRSNa prasanna ho jAte haiN| sabako vastra lauTAkara kadamba ke nIce bulAte haiM tathA vastrAbhUSaNa pahana kara ghara lauTane kI AjJA karate haiN| * . yaha lIlA zrI kRSNa kI kAmottejanA para AdhArita na hokara unakI bAla sulabha capalatA para AdhArita hai| kaI loga isa lIlA kA sthUla zRMgAra artha lete haiM parantu yaha zobhAspada nahIM hai| ... DaoN. brajezvara zarmA ke anusAra-"isa lIlA meM kRSNa ke cAMcalyapUrNa lIlA-kautuka =999

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aura gopiyoM ke premapUrNa upAlambha dvArA gopiyoM ke mAdhurya bhAva kI vyaMjanA kI gaI hai|' 188 pratIka artha : isa lIlA kI yathArthatA yaha hai ki gopiyA~ brahmAnveSakAriNI bhakti-sAdhikAe~ haiN| aneka janmoM ke puNya svarUpa unheM paramAtmA zrI kRSNa prApta hue haiN| unakI isa ahaM buddhi ko chur3Ane ke lie bhagavAn ne yaha lIlA kii| isalie anta meM ve unheM sAdhanA ke siddha hone kI sUcanA kara zarad-rAsa meM AmaMtrita karate haiN| cIraharaNa meM koI laukika vastu kI corI nahIM varan buddhigata kAma-vAsanA kI corI hai| arthAt isa zarIra ko bhUlane kI bAta hai, jaba hama zarIra kA bhAva bhUla jAyeMge tabhI bhagavAn ke pAsa jA skeNge| azarIrI banane para hI jIva aura ziva kA milana sambhava hai| zarIra hI vaha cIra-vastra hai, jisakA paramAtmA haraNa karatA hai| vAstava meM zarIra ke dharma chor3ane para hI ajJAna rUpI andhakAra dUra ho skegaa| tabhI jJAna rUpI sUrya kA udaya hogaa| zrImad bhAgavata gItA meM bhI zrI kRSNa arjuna ko yahI kahate haiM ki, "paradharma duHkhadAyI hai evaM svadharma sukhadAyI hai|"90 arthAt isameM viSaya-vAsanA evaM vikAroM ko tyAgane kI bAta hai tathA AtmA kI pavitratA zuddhatA va nirmalatA para jora diyA gayA hai| vasaMta lIlA :- isa lIlA meM braja meM basanta Rtu ke Agamana para usakI apUrva mAdakatA evaM gopa-gopiyoM ke sAtha phAga khelane kA citraNa milatA hai| ve apanI mAna-maryAdA ko bhUlakara vaha basanta krIr3Ae~ karate haiN| sUrasAgara meM basanta lIlA meM magna braja ko upamA sAgara kI gaI hai, jo apanI sabhI maryAdAoM ko chor3a cukA hai| mAnahu~ prema samuddha sUra bala umaMgi tajI mrjaad|11 prakRti ke suramya evaM mAdaka vAtAvaraNa se isa lIlA kA prArambha hotA hai| muMdaga, bIna, Dapha, muralI ityAdi vividha vAdyoM kI manamohaka dhvani meM zrI kRSNa apane sakhAoM ke sAtha holI khelane meM masta hai| gopiyA~ bhI vahA~ AtI hai tathA unheM gAliyA~ detI haiN| eka ora zrI kRSNa tathA unake sakhA evaM dUsarI ora gopiyA~ eka dUsare para abIra, gulAla, Adi jholiyA~ bhara-bharake DAlate haiN| basanta kA sundara citraNa kavi ke zabdoM meM dRSTavya hai khelata ati sukha prIti pragaTa bhaI, uta hari itahiM rAdhikA gaurii| bAjata tAla mRdaMga jhAMjha Dapha, bIca bIca bAMsurI dhuni thorii|| gAvata dai de gArI paraspara, uta hari ita vRSabhAnu kisorii| mRgamada sAkha javAdi kumakumA, kesari milai milai mathi ghorii||12

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isa prasaMga meM gopiyA~ zrI kRSNa kI samasta zarAratoM kA badalA letI dikhAI detI haiN| ve gAliyA~ dekara hI caina nahIM letI varan zrI kRSNa ko pakar3akara kisI gopI ke vastrAbhUSaNa pahanA detI haiN| gopiyA~ kRSNa ke pairoM meM nUpura, nAka meM natha, kaTi meM mekhalA dhAraNa karavAtI haiM evaM kaMcuki meM do puSpa rakhatI haiN| jaba yazodA unheM vastra mevA Adi nega detI haiM, taba gopiyA~ kRSNa ko apanI pakar3a se chor3atI haiN| sUra kA yaha varNana bar3A hI prabhAvotpAdaka bana par3A hai benI gUthi mA~ga sira pArI, badhU badhU kahi gaaii| pyArI ha~sati dekhi mohana mukha, juvatI bane bnaaii| syAma aMga kusumI naI sArI apanai kara phiraaii| naMda sunata hA~sI mahari paThAI, jasumati dhAI aaii| para maivA de syAma chur3Ayau, sUradAsa bali jaaii||93 sUrasAgara meM varNita basanta lIlA se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zrI kRSNa ne jaise mAkhana corI, cIra haraNa, panaghaTa lIlA ityAdi avasaroM para jo uddaNDatA evaM dhRSTatAe~ kI thIM, usakA gopiyoM ne eka sAtha badalA liyA hai| sUra kI gopiyA~ kRSNa ko isa prasaMga meM yAda dilAtI haiM ki kyA tuma bhUla gaye ho jisa dina hamAre gharoM meM ghusakara gorasa kI corI kI thI, yamunA taTa para hamAre vastroM kA haraNa kiyA thA, Aja usakA dAva lene kI bArI AI hai| yA to rAdhA gaurI ke pA~va par3o varanA Aja hama tumhArI dazA aura bhI bigAr3a deNgii| .. . taba tuma cIra hare jamunA taTa, sudhi bisare mAkhana corI kii| - * aba hama dAU~ Apanau le hai, pAu parau rAdhA gorI kii| isa prakAra sUrasAgara kA yaha prasaMga bar3A hI manorama bana par3A hai| sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa kI aneka rasika lIlAoM kA ullekha milatA hai jisakA harivaMzapurANakAra ne vivecita nahIM kiyaa| sUra ne ina lIlAoM meM saMbhoga zRMgAra ke aneka dRzyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai parantu una sabakA citraNa karanA yahA~ sambhava nahIM ho sktaa| akrUra kA braja-gamana : zrI kRSNa dvArA pUtanA, vRSabhAsura, dhenuka, pralamba ityAdi aneka dAnavoM kA saMhAra karane para nArada ne eka dina mathurA nareza kaMsa ko yazodA evaM devakI dvArA usake bAlakoM ke parivartana kA sampUrNa vRttAnta batA diyaa| isa para kaMsa ne zrI kRSNa evaM balarAma ko mArane kI yojanA banAI tathA akrUra ko bulAkara gokula se zrI kRSNa va balarAma ko mathurA lAne ke lie bhejaa| tadanusAra akrUra gokula gaye tathA kRSNa va balarAma se milakara unheM

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kaMsa kA sandeza sunaayaa| zrI kRSNa ne mathurA Ane kI sahamati prakaTa kI, isa para sampUrNa brajavAsI vyAkula ho gye| jisa prakAra A~dhI kA jhoMkA prazAnta mahAsAgara meM halacala macA detA hai, usI prakAra zrI kRSNa ke mathurA-gamana kA samAcAra sunakara sampUrNa braja duHkha kI mahAnadI meM DUbane lgaa| kaMsa ke prati avizvAsa hone ke kAraNa ve atyanta hI kartavyazUnya ho gye| sUrasAgara meM akrUra ke Agamana se braja kI vyAkulatA kA citraNa sUra ke zabdoM meM draSTavya hai(ka) vyAkula bhae braja ke log| syAma mana nahi naiku~ Anata, brahmapUrana jog|15 (kha) dekhi akrUra nara nAri bilkhe| dhanurbhajana yajJa heta bole inhaiM, aura Dara nahI saba kahi sNtosse| . . mari vyAkula dauri pAi~ gahi lai parI, naMda upanaMda saMga jAhu laiM ke| sUra nRpa krura akrura kurai bhae, dhanuSa dekhana kahyo kapaTI mahA hai|96 zrI kRSNa yazodA evaM nanda ko sAMtvanA dekara unako bhA~ti-bhA~ti se samajhAkara braja ke sAre sambandhoM ko eka kSaNa meM tor3akara zIghragAmI ghor3oM se yukta ratha meM baiThakara akrUra ke sAtha cala dete haiN| rasika ziromaNi zrI kRSNa premasAgara meM DUbI braja yuvatiyoM ko apane kartavya ke sAmane unake sAre prema sambandhoM ko chor3akara mathurA ko prayANa karate haiN| ve kartavya ke Age apanI preyasI rAdhA kI bhI sudhI taka nahIM lete haiN| ve kartavya kI balIvedI para apane bAlapana ke sampUrNa pyAra kA utsarga kara dete haiN| sUradAsajI ne isa vRttAnta kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| jinasenAcArya ne zrI kRSNa ke mathurAgamana kA kAraNa isa prakAra se varNita kiyA hai ki jaba zrI kRSNa ne yamunA nadI ke usa hrada meM praveza kara jahA~ aneka viSama sA~pa lahalahAte the, kamala lAkara kaMsa ko de diye to unakA vairI kaMsa atyanta krodhita huA evaM naMda ko apane putroM ke sAtha malla-yuddha ke lie avilamba taiyAra rahane kI sUcanA dii| sthira buddhi ke dhAraka vasudeva zatru kI isa ceSTA ko samajha gaye tathA unhoMne apane samasta bhAiyoM ko zIghra mathurA upasthita hone kI khabara bhejii| vasudeva ke nau bar3e bhAI apane rathoM se mathurA pahu~ca gye| udhara baladeva ne zrI kRSNa ko samasta harivaMza, pitA, guru, bandhu tathA bhAIyoM ke sAtha upasthita hone kI bAta khii| taduparAnta unhoMne sundara veSa dhAraNa kara kaMsa ko mArane kA nizcaya kara atizaya bhayAnaka malloM ke vega se aneka gopoM ke sAtha mathurA kI ora cala pdd'e| % 3D

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vividhakaraNadakSI mallavidyAnavadyau kRtacalanasuveSau niilpiitaambraabhyaam| bRhadurasi vidhaayodaarsinduurdhuuliirbhinvvnmaalaamaaltiimunnddmaalau|| sthiramanasi vidhAya dhvaMsanaM kaMsazatrozcalacaraNanighAtairdhAriNIM kssobhyntau| samamaramatighoraimallaveSaiH savargaH puramabhi mathurAM tau celturgopvgaiH||536/29-30 jinasenAcArya ne yahA~ zrI kRSNa ko mahAn yoddhA svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, sUrasAgara kI bhA~ti naMda-yazodA kI cintA, bRjavAsiyoM kI vyAkulatA ityAdi ke citraNa kA harivaMzapurANa meM pUrNa rUpa se abhAva rahA hai| na to yahA~ kRSNa ko bulAne ke lie akrUra braja jAte haiM aura na hI unake sAtha mathurA Ate haiN| parantu kRSNa apane mUla uddezya kI pUrti hetu samaya para mathurA ko prayANa karate haiN| isameM donoM kRtiyoM meM sAmya dikhAI detA hai| rajaka-vRttAnta : sUrasAgara ke anusAra jaba zrI kRSNa evaM balarAma akrUra ke sAtha pahuMce to ve lIlA karate mathurA meM ghUma rahe the| vahA~ bhramaNa karate hue unhoMne eka raMgareja dhobI ko dekhA evaM unhoMne usase apane anurUpa vastroM kI yAcanA kii| vaha kaMsa kA dhobI thaa| ataH usane kRSNa va balarAma ko kaThora vacana khe| usa samaya zrI kRSNa ne usa dhobI kA hAtha ke prahAra se vadha kara diyA evaM kaMsa ke vastroM ko lUTa liyaa| rajaka mAri hari prathama hI nRpa vasana luttaae| raMga-raMga bahu bhA~ti ke gopina pati raae||9 . Age jAne para kRSNa ne mathurA ke rAjamArga para navayauvanA kubjA ko candana-kesara Adi ke pAtra le jAte hue dekhaa| usase pUchane para jJAta huA ki vaha mahArAja kaMsa ke * anulepa ke lie ghisA huA candana le jA rahI hai| zrI kRSNa ne vaha candana usase mA~ga kara apane zarIra para lagA diyA tathA unhoMne apane hAtha kI do aMguliyoM ko kubjA kI ThuDDI meM lagAkara Upara uThA liyA tathA usake pairoM ko apane pairoM se dabA diyaa| kubjA kA zarIra pahale Ter3hA thA parantu zrI kRSNa ne use isa prakAra sIdhA kara diyA, vaha ramaNI ho gaI kubarI nAri sundarI kinhiiN| bhAva maiM bAsa binu bhAva nahi pAiye, jAni hiradai heta bhAvi liinhiiN| grIva para parasi paga pIThI tApara diyau, ubarasI rUpa paratarahi diinhiiN||100 - sUrasAgara meM varNita ina donoM ghaTanAoM ko jinasenAcArya ne ullekhita nahIM kiyA * / sUra ke kRSNa mathurA jAne para bhI apanI caMcalatA ke kAraNa dhobI se mahArAja kaMsa - -

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ke vastra lUTa lete haiM tathA kubjA para anukampA kara use urvazI ke samAna yuvati banA / dete haiN| kuvalayApIDa vadha : kubjA uddhAra ke pazcAt zrI kRSNa kaMsa kI dhanuSazAlA meM gaye aura vahA~ unhoMne dhanuSa ko balapUrvaka khIMcA jisase vaha dhanuSa TUTa gyaa| dhanuSa ke TUTane kI bhayaMkara AvAja se aneka rakSakoM ne unake Upara AkramaNa kara diyA parantu zrI kRSNa va balarAma ne una sainikoM ko mAra bhgaayaa|01 dhanuSa-bhaMga tathA rakSakoM ke vadha kI bAta suna kara kaMsa ne malla-yuddha kA Adeza diyA tathA una donoM kumAroM ko raMgabhUmi meM AmaMtrita kiyaa| kRSNa kaMsa ke AmaMtraNAnusAra raMgazAlA meM pahu~cane ke lie jAte haiN| taba eka mahAvata daravAje para hAthI lekara khar3A hotA hai| vaha kRSNa ko AtA dekhakara usa "kuvalayApIDa" hAthI ko Age bar3hAtA hai| zrI kRSNa usake irAde ko tatkAla jAna jAte haiM evaM hAthI kI sUMDa pakar3akara use dharatI para paTaka dete haiM tathA usake dA~ta tor3akara astra-zastra banA dete haiN| (ka) krodha gajarAja gajapAla kiinhauN| garaji-ghumarAta mada bhAra gaMDani sravana, pavana nai bega tihi samaya ciinhauN|02 (kha) ha~sata ha~sata syAma prabala-kubalayA sNhaaryau| turata daMta lie upAri, kaMdhani para cale dhAri, nirakhata nara nAri mudita cakrita gaja mArayau // 103 sUra ne kRSNa va balarAma kA hAthI ke sAtha yuddha, kaMsa kI raMgabhUmi, logoM kI utsukatA tathA kRSNa balarAma kI sundaratA ityAdi kA bhI isa prasaMga meM bhAvapUrNa citraNa kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa kA kuvalayApIDa hAthI ke sAtha yuddha varNana to dekhate hI banatA hai| ___harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra jaba donoM bhAI balarAma tathA zrI kRSNa kaMsa kI raMgazAlA ke dvAra pahu~ce to kaMsa kI AjJA se una para "campaka" tathA "pAdAbhAra" nAmaka do hAthI eka sAtha hUla diye| usa samaya balabhadra ne campaka hAthI ko tathA zrI kRSNa ne "pAdAbhAra" hAthI ko mAra girAyA tathA usake dA~ta ukhAr3a diye- . nagaramabhivizantau dvAritau vaarnnendraavvirtmdlekhaamnndditaapaannddugnnddau| yugapadariniyogAdApatantau viditvA tutuSaturiva dRSTvA yuddhrNgaadimllau|| salalitamabhitasthau campakaM zIrapANi: phaNiripuravi nAgaM tatra paadaabhraakhym| abhavadabhinavaM tadvismayApAdi pusAM naravarakarimalla dvndvyordvndvyuddhm||10436/32-33 harivaMzapurANa kI apekSA sUrasAgara meM yaha prasaMga vistAra se milatA hai parantu donoM kRtiyoM meM zrI kRSNa evaM balarAma dvArA hAthiyoM ke mArane kA vIrocita kArya sAmya ke sAtha varNita hai| harivaMzapurANa kA yuddha varNana bhI atyanta manohara bana par3A hai| - - - -

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cANUra evaM muSTika vadha : kuvalayApIDa kI mRtyu kA samAcAra sunakara kaMsa ne cANUra tathA muSTika nAmaka do malloM ko mallayuddha meM una donoM ko mArane ke lie prerita kiyaa| jaba zrI kRSNa va balarAma ne kaMsa kI sabhA meM praveza kiyA, usa samaya rAjagaNa apane anucaroM ke sAtha maMcoM para baiThe the| kaMsa eka U~ce sthAna para virAjamAna thaa| sarvaprathama cANUra zrI kRSNa ke pAsa aayaa| pahale dAva meM zrI kRSNa komala lge| usake mana meM garva ho gayA ki isa bAlaka ko mAranA kaunasI bar3I bAta hai| kintu dUsare dA~va meM usane unake bala ko jAna liyaa| kRSNa ne siMha ke samAna bhayaMkara garjanA kii| usa samaya cANUra kI dazA sUra ke zabdoM meM draSTavya hai hA~ka sunata saba kaur3a bhulAnau, thara-tharAi cAnUra skaanau| sUra syAma mahimA taba jAnyauM, nihacai mRtyu ApanI mAnyau // 105 cANUra ne nizcaya kara liyA ki Aja merI mRtyu A gaI hai| udhara muSTika pahalavAna balarAma se mallayuddha karane ke lie aayaa| balarAma ne muSTika ke Upara muSTika kA prahAra karake usakI chAtI para ghuTane se vAra kiyA tathA use dharAzAyI kara diyaa| jinasenAcArya ne bhI cANUra tathA muSTika vadha kA vivecana kiyA hai| jaba sAdhAraNa malloM kA yuddha ho cukA, taba kaMsa ne kRSNa se yuddha karane ke lie cANUra malla ko AjJA pradAna kii| zrI kRSNa ne cANUra ko jo bhImakAya zarIra vAlA thA apane vakSassthala se lagAkara bhujayaMtra ke dvArA itanA dabAyA ki usase atyadhika rudhira kI dhArA bahane lagI aura vaha niSprANa ho gyaa| - jaba zrI kRSNa cANUra se yuddha kara rahe the, usa samaya unheM mArane ke lie muSTika pIche se daudd'aa| usa samaya baladeva ne usake sira meM jora se mukkA mAra kara prANa rahita kara diyA kulizakaThinamuSTiM muSTikaM pRSThatastaM samapatitusakAmaM rAmamallaH sliilm| alamalamiha tAvattiSTha tiSTheti sAzIH zirasi karatalenAkramya cakre gtaasum|| harirapi harizaktiH zaktacANUrakaM taM dviguNitamurasi sve haarihNkaargrbhH| . vyatanuta bhujyntraakraantniirndhrnirybhlrudhirdhaarodgaarmudgiirnnjiivm||10636/42-43 isa prakAra harivaMzapurANa kA yaha varNana vIrarasa se paripUrNa hai| malloM kI uchalakUda, unakA ahaMkAra, unakA bhImakAya zarIra, paraspara mukkAbAjI Adi ke dRzya kavi ne sUkSmatA ke sAtha nirUpita kie haiN| kaMsavadha :jaba cANUra tathA muSTika jaise mahAn malloM ko zrI kRSNa balabhadra dvArA dharAzAyI kara =157 - - -

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diyA gayA, taba kaMsa apanI sArI yojanAoM ko dhUla-dhUsarita hote dekha aura bhI parezAna ho gyaa| raMga-bhUmi meM baiThA vaha apane prANoM kI ginatI karane lgaa| vaha ghabarAkara bhAgane kI socane lagA parantu sAmane zrI kRSNa ko dekhakara usameM vaha sAhasa na rahA, kyoMki zrI. kRSNa kI vIratA kI dhAka pahale hI jama cukI thii| itane meM zrI kRSNa chalAMga mArakara maMca para car3ha gaye aura usake bAla pakar3akara use dharatI para paTaka diyA evaM muSTikoM ke prahAra se use prANarahita kara diyaa| kaMsa kI deha-lIlA samApta ho gii| zrI kRSNa ke isa kRtya para devatAoM ne puSpa varSA kii| samasta mathurA nagarI meM Ananda hI Ananda chA gyaa| jai jai dhuni tihu~ loka bhii| mArayau kaMsa dharani uddharayau, oka-oka AnaMda bhii| . . rajaka mAri ko daMDa vibhaMjyo, khela karata gaja prAna liyau| ... malla pachAri asura saMhAre, turata sabani suraloka diyau|| pura nara nArini ko sukha dinhauM, jo jaiso phala soi lhyau| sUra dhanya jaduvaMsa ujAgara, dhanya dhanya dhuni ghumari rahayau // 107 harivaMzapurANa meM isa ghaTanA ko isa prakAra se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai ki kaMsa ne jaba zrI kRSNa dvArA cANUra tathA balabhadra dvArA muSTika kA vadha hote dekhA to vaha atyanta kruddha ho gyaa| vaha apane hAtha meM talavAra lekara joradAra zabda karatA huA uTha khar3A huaa| zrI kRSNa ne usake sAmane Ate hI usake hAtha se talavAra chIna lI aura majabUtI se bAla pakar3akara pRthvI para paTaka diyA evaM usake paira pakar3a kara patthara para pachAr3akara mAra DAlAabhipatadarihastAtkhaDgamAkSipya kezeSvatidRDhamati gRhyAhatya bhUmau srossm| vihitaparuSapAdAkarSaNastaM zilAyAM taducitamiti matvAsphAlya hatvA jhaas||20036/45 uparyukta vivecanAnusAra sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa donoM granthoM meM zrI kRSNa dvArA kaMsavadha kA varNana milatA hai| sUrasAgara meM kaMsa ghabarAkara bhAgane kI socatA hai jabaki harivaMzapurANa meM vaha krodhita hokara talavAra le kRSNa ko mArane daur3atA hai| mahAkavi sUra ne isa varNana meM zrI kRSNa kI alaukikatA ko prakaTa kI hai parantu jinasenAnusAra zrI kRSNa kA yaha kRtya eka vIrocita kArya hai| harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kI kathAvastu (uttarArddha) : zrI kRSNa kI bAla-lIlAoM tathA rasika-lIlAoM ke pazcAt unake jIvana kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa vivecana AtA hai| isa jIvana kA zubhArambha unake dvArA mathurA-nareza kaMsa-vadha ke pazcAt hotA hai| kRSNa caritra kA yaha vaha bhAga hai jisameM unhoMne mahAn kUTanItijJa, yoddhA, saphala rAjapuruSa tathA AdhyAtmika mahApuruSa kI bhUmikA nibhAI hai| harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara meM kRSNa caritra ke isa bhAga kA kucha sAmya-vaiSamya ke =158=

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sAtha vizada varNana milatA hai| vaise mahAkavi sUra ne zrI kRSNa kI bAla-lIlAoM tathA rasika-lIlAoM meM hI apanA mana savizeSa ramAyA hai parantu kRSNa jIvana ke paravartI prasaMgoM ko bhI unhoMne saMkSepa meM vivecita kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANakAra ne zrI kRSNa ke mathurAgamana ke pazcAt kI ghaTanAoM kA vistRta citraNa kiyA hai, jinameM unake zalAkApuruSa tathA AdhyAtmika rAjapuruSa rUpa ke darzana hote haiN| Alocya kRtiyoM kI kathAvastu ke uttarArddha meM hama inhIM ghaTanAoM kA nirUpaNa kareMge, jo zrI kRSNa ke jIvana kI atyadhika mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ haiN| zrI kRSNa dvArA ugrasena kA rAjyAbhiSeka :____ sUrasAgara ke anusAra mathurA nareza kaMsa kA vadha hone para unakI patniyA~ vilApa karane lgiiN| isa para zrI kRSNa ne una sabako samajhAkara sAMtvanA pradAna kii| ve akrUra ko sAtha lekara kArAgAra meM vahA~ apane mAtA-pitA vasudeva evaM devakI se mile| unhoMne ugrasena sahita devakI-vasudeva ko bandhana-mukta kraayaa| kAlanemi vaMzaja ugrasena ne bhagavAn zrI kRSNa kI stuti kii| zrI kRSNa ne ugrasena ko mathurA ke rAjasiMhAsana para biThAyA tathA unakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| sAre nagara meM Ananda chA gyaa| zrI kRSNa svayaM ugrasena kA caMvara dulAne lge| jo rAjA-mahArAjA kaMsa ke Dara se cale gaye the, ve sabhI yAdavavaMzI rAjA usa samaya vahA~ upasthita ho gye| ugrasena kauM diyo hari raaj| AnaMda magana sakala puravAsI, ca~vara DhulAvata zrI brjraaj|| jahA~-tahA~ taiM jAdava Ae kaMsa Darani je gae praai| mAgadha sUta karata saba astuti, jai jai jai zrI jaadvraai|| juga-jaga birada yahai cali Ayo, bhae ke dvAre prtihaar| sUradAsa prabhu aja avinAsI bhaktani heta leta avtaar||109 : harivaMzapurANa meM bhI yaha prasaMga ullekhita hai ki kRSNa ne ugrasena kI ber3iyA~ kATakara unheM mathurA kA rAjA banAyA tathA ve cirakAla taka isa rAjya-lakSmI kA sevana karate rahe. gatanigalakalaMkaH kaMsazaMkAvimuktazciravirahakRzAGgaM raajylkssmiikltrm| yadunivahaniyogAdugrasenastadAnImabhajata mathurAyAM kNsmaathiprdttm||11036/51 harivaMzapurANa meM varNita kRSNa kA yaha kRtya mAnavetara kArya hai jabaki sUrasAgara ke isa prasaMga meM bhI kRSNa lIlAvatArI pUrNa puruSottama lagate haiN| ugrasena dvArA zrI kRSNa kI stuti meM yaha kahA gayA hai| donoM kaviyoM kA apanA bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa hai aura usI ke prakAza meM ye pratyeka ghaTanA kA varNana karate cale haiN| -1596

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naMda ko braja lauTAnA : sUrasAgara ke anusAra mathurA ke rAjya siMhAsana para ugrasena kA rAjyAbhiSeka karane ke pazcAt naMda bAbA kRSNa ko braja lauTane kA anurodha karate haiM parantu zrI kRSNa naMdabAbA ko inkAra karate hue kahate haiM ki aba hamAre aura Apake bIca pitA-putra ke sambandha kA anta A gayA hai| maiM jahA~ bhI rahU~gA Apako kabhI nahIM bhuuluuNgaa| kRSNa ke isa niSThara uttara se nanda kI dazA bar3I vicitra ho jAtI hai| ve Akula-vyAkula ho jAte haiN| ve kahane lagate haiM ki-mohana! maiM tumhAre binA braja nahIM jaauuNgaa| ve mana hI mana akrUra para bhI krodha karane lagate haiM ki isI ne yaha saba carita kiyA hai| dekhiye sUra ke zabdoM meM naMda kI vyAkulatA yaha suni bhae vyAkula nnd| niThara bAnI kahI hari jaba, parigae dukha phNd| nirakhi mukha, mukha reha cakita, sakhA aru saba gop| carita e akrUra kInheM, karata mana mana kop|11 naMda tathA gopa-sakhAoM ke atyanta Agraha ko dekhakara zrI kRSNa unheM punaH samajhAte haiM ki braja aura mathurA meM antara hI kitanA hai| maiM Apase kahA~ dUra jA rahA hU~, isameM Apako vyAkula hone kI tanika bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa prakAra bhA~ti-bhA~ti se samajhAkara ve naMda ko gopoM sahita braja lauTA dete haiN| sajala nayanoM se saba vidA hote haiN| sUra kA yaha varNana atyanta hI mArmika bana par3A hai| yahA~ para zrI kRSNa ke rasika caritra kI bajAya unameM dhIra udAtta tathA kartavyaparAyaNa nAyaka kA svarUpa nirUpita huA hai| braja meM dikhAI dene vAlA nanda-nandana kA vaha svarUpa yahA~ vasudeva tathA devakI ke sAtha nahIM dikhAI detaa| kRSNa ke vyavahAra meM yahA~ se hI vinoda aura caMcalatA kI jagaha gaMbhIratA evaM uttaradAyitvapUrNa bhAvanA ke darzana hote haiN| nanda ke braja jAne para braja kI dazA kA mahAkavi sUra ne vizada varNana kiyA hai| jaba mathurA se nanda kRSNa ko lekara nahIM lauTate usa samaya sArA braja kRSNa ke viraha meM vyAkula ho uThatA hai| yazodA aura braja ke loga nanda se pUchane lagate haiM ki kumAra ko kahA~ chor3A? ve yahA~ kyoM nahIM Aye? hamAre jIvana-prANa kahA~ haiM? isa prakAra ke praznoM kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai| sAre brajavAsiyoM kA galA bhara jAtA hai evaM unakI A~khoM se azruoM kI dhArAe~ bahatI haiN| yazodA to mUrchita ho jAtI hai| sUrasAgara meM brajavAsiyoM ke viraha kA vizada nirUpaNa kiyA hai (ka) taba tai miTe saba aannd| __ yA braja ke saba bhAga saMpadA, lai ju gae na~da nNd|| vihvala bhaI jasodA Dolati, dukhita naMda upnNd| .

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dhenu nahIM paya sravati rUcira mukha, carati nahIM tRNa kNd|| viSama viyoga dahata ura sajanI, baDhi reha dukha dNd| sItala kauna karai mAI, nAhiM ihA~ braja cnd||112 (kha) braja rI manau anAtha kiyau|| __ suni rI sakhI jasodAnaMdana sukha saMdeha diyau||13 - harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa dvArA naMda ko samajhAkara braja lauTAnA tathA brajavAsiyoM kI viraha-vyathA kA nitAnta abhAva hai jabaki sUra ne isa prasaMga ko bar3e hI manoyoga se varNita kiyA hai| uddhava kI braja yAtrA : jisa dina se zrI kRSNa ne braja ko chor3A usI dina se braja kI vikalatA bar3ha gaI hai| sUrasAgara ke anusAra zrI kRSNa ke binA sArA braja na kevala sUnA ho gayA balki ujAr3a ho gyaa| braja kI Ananda-pradAna karane vAlI prakRti bhI aba bhayAvaha lagane lgii| loga eka kSaNa bhI kRSNa ko nahIM bhUla rahe haiN| gopiyoM ko bhauroM kI gunaguna evaM papIhe ke bola se mAdhava kI smRti A gheratI hai| aise samaya meM unheM kRSNa kI muralI yAda A rahI hai, use sunane ke lie ve parezAna haiN| candramA kI zItala cA~danI bhI unako dAhakatA pradAna kara rahI hai kara dhanu lai caeNdahi maarii|114 gopiyA~ kRSNa ko vyaMgya kasane se bhI nahIM cuuktii| ve kubjA kI ora saMketa kara kRSNa kA parihAsa karatI haiM- syAma vinodI re madhu bniyaaN| aba hari gokula kAhe kauM Avata, bhAvati nava jobniyaaN| ve dina mAdho bhUli mae jaba, lie phirAvati kniyaaN||115 ve kRSNa ko bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke tAne dekara apanA hRdaya zAnta karatI haiM. lekina unake hRdaya meM lagA zUla to gar3A hI rahatA hai| ve pratidina mathurA se Ane vAle mArga ko nihAratI haiM ki na jAne kaba zrI kRSNa lauTa aaye| mathurA braja se pA~ca mIla dUra hone para bhI gopiyA~ mathurA nahIM jAtI kyoMki unakA prema mAna para AdhArita hai| unakA prema virahAgni meM tapa kara aura zuddha ho rahA hai| vaha premI kI pITha phiranA bhI sahana nahIM kara sakatA, sthAnAntara to bahuta bar3I bAta hai16 a~khiyA hari darasana kI bhuukhiiN| kaise rahati rUpa raMca rAMcI, ye batiyA~ suni ruukhiiN| avadhi ganata ikaTaka maga jovata, taba itanau nahiM jhUkhIM // 17

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udhara zrI kRSNa bhI bacapana ke sukhapUrvaka bitAye dinoM ko kaise bhUla sakate haiM? unheM bhI samasta brajavAsiyoM kI madhura yAda satAtI rahatI hai| eka dina ve apane parama sakhA uddhava ko braja bhejate haiN| gopikAe~ uddhava ko jaba braja kI ora Ate dekhatI haiM, usa samaya ve atyanta bhAva-vihvala ho jAtI haiN| veza-sAmya hone ke kAraNa uddhava ko thor3e samaya ke lie kRSNa mAna liyA thaa| parantu jaba uddhava kA ratha nanda ke dvAra para rukatA hai taba ve unheM bhalibhA~ti jAna letI haiM evaM duHkhabhAra se AkrAnta ho mUrchita ho gira par3atI hai| isake pazcAt uddhava gopikAoM ko kRSNa kA patra dete haiN| gopiyA~ apane priya ke hastAkSaroM ko dekha kara bhAvaparAyaNa bana jAtI haiN| sUra ke zabdoM meM dekhie-. nirakhata aMga syAma sundara ke, bAra bAra lAvati lai chaati| ... - locana-jala kAgada masi mili ke, hai gaI syAma-syAma kI paatii|118 taduparAnta braja ke loga nanda-yazodA uddhava ko ghera lete haiM tathA syAma kI kuzalatA ke samAcAra pUchate haiN| uddhava sabako kahate haiM ki cAra-pA~ca dina meM baladeva aura ve yahA~ Ane vAle haiN| isake pazcAt ve gopiyoM ko jJAna-yoga evaM nirguNa brahma kI upAsanA kA saMdeza dete haiN| isase gopiyoM kA viraha aura bhI dhadhaka jAtA hai| isa saMdeza se unake mana para jisa prakAra kI pratikriyA hotI hai, usakA "bhramaragIta prasaMga" meM sUra ne bar3A hI vizada evaM manovaijJAnika varNana kiyA hai| bhramara ko lakSya banAkara gopiyA~ kRSNa kI bevaphAI kI joradAra khabara letI haiN| kRSNa ko ve caMcala, lampaTa, svArthI, rasa-lubdha ityAdi sambodhanoM se sambodhita karatI haiN| kRSNa va kubjA kA nAtA, gopiyoM ke lie asahya hai| viraha kI itanI sUkSma abhivyaMjanA sUra ke atirikta anyatra durlabha hai| uddhava kA rUkhA jJAna gopiyoM kI premA-bhakti ke Age jhuka jAtA hai| aba uddhava bhI gopiyoM ke raMga meM raMga kara unakA saMdezA le mathurA meM kRSNa ke pAsa lauTate haiN| ve kRSNa se kahate haiM ki Apa avilamba braja lauTa jaaiye| Apake binA sArA braja virahAgni meM jala rahA hai| he mAdhava! Apa unake du:kha ko dUra kro| ve apanI braja-yAtrA kA sampUrNa vRttAnta unako sunAte haiM suniye braja kI dasA gusaaii| ratha kI dhujA pIta para bhUSana, dekhatahI uThi dhaaii| jo tuma kahI joga kI bAteM, so hama sabai btaaii| zravana mUdi guna karma tumhAre, prema magana mana gaaii|| aurau kachu saMdeza sakhI ika, kahata dUri lau aaii| hutau kachU hamahUM sau nAtau nipaTa kahA bisraaii|| sUradAsa prabhu vana vinoda kari, je tuma gAi craaii|. te gAI aba gvAla na gherata, mAnau bhaI parAI // 19 =162

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zrI kRSNa jaba uddhava se braja kI prema vihvala dazA tathA virahAkulatA kI kahAnI sunate haiM, taba unake hRdaya se jo udgAra prasphuTita hote haiM, ve unake yathArtha vyaktitva ke sarvathA saphala paricAyaka haiN| zrI kRSNa uddhava ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki uddhau mohiM braja bisarata naahiiN| haMsa sutA kI suMdara kagarI aru kuMjani kI chaahiiN|| ve surabhI ve baccha dohanI, kharika duhAvana jaahii| gvAla bAla mili karata kulAhala, nAcata gahi-gahi baahiiN|| yaha mathurA kaMcana kI nagarI, mani muktAhala jaahii| jabahi surati Avati vara sukha kI, jiya umagata tana naahii| anagana bhA~ti karI bahu-lIlA, jasudA naMda nibaahii| sUradAsa prabhu rahe mIna hai, yaha kahi-kahi pchitaahiiN||120 ina paMktiyoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrI kRSNa kA citta braja bhUmi se aTakA huA hai| unake mana meM Aja bhI braja ke prati mamatva evaM AkarSaNa hai| isa prakAra sUrasAgara meM varNita yaha prasaMga atyanta hI mArmika, manovaijJAnika, vAgvaidagdhya se paripUrNa evaM sUra kI maulika udbhAvanAoM se ota-prota haiN| sUrasAgara ke isa prasaMga ke bAre meM AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne kahA hai ki-sUradAsa kA sabase marmasparzI tathA vAgvaidagdhyapUrNa aMza bhramaragIta hai, jisameM gopiyoM kI vacana-vakratA atyanta manohAriNI hai| aisA sundara upAlambha kAvya aura kahIM nahIM miltaa|21 anya prasaMgoM kI bhA~ti AcArya jinasena ne isa bhramaragIta prasaMga kA bhI harivaMzapurANa meM ullekha nahIM kiyA hai jabaki sUra kA yaha prasaMga to atyadhika vikhyAta hai--jo vipralambha zRMgAra kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| bhAgavata se bhAvasUtra-grahaNa kara sUra dvArA sarvaprathama isa prasaMga meM likhane ke bAda hindI-sAhitya meM bhramaragIta kI eka paramparA cala par3I hai jo Adhunika yuga taka aneka raMgoM meM pallavita hotI AyI hai| kAlayavana-vadha :... kAlayavana, garga RSi se utpanna mlecchoM ke rAjA kA putra thaa| pANDavoM dvArA apamAnita hone para garga RSi ne ziva ke varadAna se isa putra kI prApti kii| jaba jarAsaMdha ne kaMsa-vadha kA samAcAra suna kara usakA badalA lene ke lie zrI kRSNa ke sAtha yuddha kiyA, vaha isa yuddha meM satraha bAra parAjita huaa| taba vaha atyanta lajjita ho gyaa| isa para isane khisyAkara kAlayavana ko apane sAtha liyA jisase mathurAvAsiyoM ko parAjita kiyA jA sake, kyoMki mathurAvAsI varadAna ke kAraNa kAlayavana kA vadha karane meM asamartha the|

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- ataH zrI kRSNa ne chala se kAlayavana kA vadha kiyaa| sUrasAgara ke anusAra niHzastra hokara zrI kRSNa kAlayavana ke sAmane phuNce| unheM dekhakara kAlayavana zrI kRSNa kI ora daudd'aa| zrI kRSNa bhAgane lage to kAlayavana ne unakA pIchA kiyaa| zrI kRSNa bhAgate hue eka guphA meM chipa gye| vahA~ para mucukunda rAjA so rahA thaa| usane devatAoM se yaha varadAna liyA thA ki jo mujhe sote hue uThAyegA, vaha bhasma ho jaay| kAlayavana ne sote hue mucukunda ko zrI kRSNa samajhakara usako paira mArA jisase devatAoM ke varadAnAnusAra vaha svayaM bhasma ho gyaa| bAra sattaraha jarAsaMdha mathurA car3hi aayau| gayau so saba dina hAri jAta ghara bahuta ljaayau|| . . taba khisyAi ke kAlayavana, apane saMga lyaayau| kAlayavana mucukaMdahi~ sA~, hari bhasma kraayau| . bahuri Ai bharamAI, acala ripu tAhi jraayau|122 harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra kaMsa vadha ke pazcAt jarAsaMdha kI putrI jIvayazA ne apane pitA se jAkara zikAyata kI ki usake pati ko zrI kRSNa ne mAra DAlA hai| isa para jarAsaMdha ne apane putra kAlayavana ko zrI kRSNa ke sAtha yuddha ke lie bhejaa| usane yAdavoM ke sAtha satraha bAra yuddha kiyA parantu unheM jIta nahIM skaa| anta meM kAlAvarta parvata para yAdavoM ke hAthoM se usakI mRtyu huii| usake bAda rAjA jarAsaMdha ne zIghra hI apane bhAI aparAjita ko bhejA, jo mahAbalazAlI evaM parAkramI thaa| usane yAdavoM ke yAtha tIna sau chiyAlIsa bAra yuddha kiyA parantu anta meM vaha zrI kRSNa ke bANoM ke agrabhAga se niSprANa ho dharatI para gira pdd'aa| (ka) calajaladhisamAnenAbhyamitraM balena dvipaMcaturaturaMgasyandanAdyena gtvaa| sa laghu daza ca saptApyugrayuddhAni yuddhvA yadubhiratulamAlAvartazaile nanAza // 123 36-71 (kha) tumularaNazatAni trINi sa prINitAstairyadubhirariSu catvAriMzataM SaT ca yuvaa| zramanudamiva vIro vIrazayyAM yazasvI hrishrmukhpiitpraannsaaro'dhyshet||12436-73 sUrasAgara meM varNita yaha prasaMga bhAgavatAnusAra hai jisameM kAlayavana ko RSi-putra batAyA hai, jisakA zrI kRSNa ne chala dvArA vadha karavAyA thaa| jabaki harivaMzapurANa meM kAlayavana ko jarAsaMdha kA putra batAyA gayA hai| yahI yAdavoM ke sAtha satraha bAra yuddha karake anta meM mRtyu ko varaNa karatA hai| sUrasAgara ke anusAra jarAsaMdha ne satraha bAra mathurA para car3hAI kI thI na ki kAlayavana ne| purANakAra isa prasaMga ko isase bhI Age le jAkara jarAsaMdha ke bhAI aparAjita dvArA tIna sau chiyAlIsa bAra yAdavoM ke yuddha ko svIkAra karate

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haiN| sUrasAgara meM kAlayavana vadha kA mAtra eka pada milatA hai jabaki harivaMzapurANa meM apekSAkRta ise vistRtatA pradAna kI gaI hai| purANakAra kA yuddha varNana bhI sundara bana par3A hai| isa prasaMga ko jinasenAcArya ne apanI navya maulikatA ke sAtha vivecita kiyA hai| itanA hone para bhI donoM kaviyoM kI kathA mUla-rUpa se sAmyatA para AdhArita hai| zrI kRSNa kA dvArikA-gamana :- . ____ bhAgavata purANa meM uparyukta prasaMga ke varNana meM ullekhita hai ki zrI kRSNa ne kAlayavana kI senA kA saMhAra karake usakA samasta dhana chInakara use manuSyoM aura bailoM para lAdakara dvArakA kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| mahAkavi sUra ne isa prasaMga ko usI rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| ___kaMsa-vadha ke pazcAt magadha nareza jarAsaMdha aThAraha bAra teIsa akSauhiNI senA lekara mathurA para car3hAI kii| zatru-senA kA prabala-vega dekhakara zrI kRSNa evaM balarAma ne manuSyalIlAkara usake sAmane bhAga khar3e hue| jarAsaMdha ne unakA pIchA kiyaa| mahAkavi sUra ne jarAsaMdha ke sAtha yuddha kA sajIva citra upasthita kiyA hai mAnahu megha ghaTA ati baaddh'ii| baraSata bAnabUMda senA para mahAnadI rngaaddh'ii| barana barana bAdara banaita aru dAmini kara krvaar| garaja nisAna ghora saMkha dhvani, haya gaya hIMsa cighaar|| ur3ata ju dhujA patAka chatraratha taruvara TUTata tiir| parama nisaMka samara saritA taTa, krIr3ata yAdava viir||120 tatpazcAt zrI kRSNa va balarAma U~ce pravarSaNa parvata para car3ha gye| jarAsaMdha ne jaba yaha dekhA ki donoM bhAI parvata meM chipa gae haiM to usane parvata ko Aga lagavA dii| zrI kRSNa va balarAma parvata se nIce kUda pdd'e| parantu jarAsaMdha va usake sainikoM ne unheM yaha karate nahIM dekhaa| usa samaya donoM bhAI vahA~ se calakara samudra se ghirI dvArakApurI ko cle| udhara jarAsaMdha unheM jalA huA samajhakara magadha ko calA gyaa|26 dvArakA samudra ke bIca meM AI huI nagarI thii| yahA~ jarAsaMdha ke AkramaNa kA bhaya nahIM thaa| isakI anupama zobhA thii| dvArikA meM sthita sundara bAga-tar3Aga, vana-upavana, pazu-pakSI sabhI ke mana meM asIma Ananda utpanna karane vAle the| dina dvArAvati dekhana aavt| nAradAdi sanakAdi mahAmuni, teu avaloki prIti upjaavt|| vidruma phaTika pacI kaMcana khaci, manimaya maMdira bane bnaavt|

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nisi dina rahata vimAnarUDharUci, sura banitAni saMga saba aavt| sUra syAma kIr3ata kautuhala, amarani apanI bhavana na bhaavt|| taduparAnata devatAoM ko bhI lAlAyita karane vAlI sone kI nagarI dvArikA meM zrI kRSNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA gyaa| nagara ke sabhI loga kRSNa jaise rAjA ko prApta kara atyanta Ananda ke sAtha prabhu guNa gAte vahA~ rahane lge| sUrasAgara meM isa prasaMga ko saMkSepa meM hI nirUpita kiyA hai| jinasenAcArya ke harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra zrI kRSNa ke dvArakA-gamana prasaMga meM kucha navInatAe~ haiN| jaba jarAsaMdha ke putra kAlayavana evaM bhAI aparAjita kA zrI kRSNa hAthoM vadha ho gayA, taba yaha samAcAra suna magadha nareza jarAsaMdha atyanta krodhita ho gyaa| vaha sArI senA lekara yAdavoM ko naSTa karane ke lie sauryapura kI ora cala pdd'aa| jaba yAdavoM ko yaha patA calA ki jarAsaMdha hamAre pIche A rahA hai to unhoMne paraspara maMtraNA kara sauryapura chor3akara pazcima dizA kI tarapha prayANa kiyaa| vindhyAcala ke eka vana meM eka devI ne kRtrima citAe~ jalAkara tathA yAdavoM ke naSTa hone ke mithyA samAcAra dekara jarAsaMdha ko vApasa kara diyaa| jarAsaMdha vApasa lauTakara mRtaka janoM ko zraddhAMjali arpita kara kRta-kRtya kI taraha nizcinta rahane lgaa| . drAg nivRtya nijaM sthAnaM sA'dhyAsya saha baandhvaiH| vipannebhyo jalaM dattvA kRtakRtya iva sthitH||127 udhara saudharmendra kI AjJA se gautama nAmaka zaktizAlI deva ne samudra ko zIghra hI haTA diyA tathA tadanantara zrI kRSNa ke puNya aura neminAtha tIrthaMkara kI sAtizaya bhakti se kubera ne vahA~ zIghra hI dvArakA nAma kI uttarapurI kI racanA kara dii| ___yaha nagarI vistRta bhU-bhAga meM phailI huI thI tathA ratna va svarNa se nirmita aneka mahaloM se suzobhita alakApurI ke samAna pratIta ho rahI thii| harivaMzapurANa ne dvArakA kA zobhA kA bar3A manorama varNana kiyA hai| isa sundara nagarI meM kubera ne kRSNa kA anupama mukuTa, uttama hAra, kaustubha maNi, do pIta vastra, loka meM atyanta durlabha nakSatramAlA Adi AbhUSaNa, kumudvati nAmaka gadA, zaktinandana nAmaka khaDga, zAGga nAma kA dhanuSa, do tarakaza, vajramaya bANa, saba prakAra ke zastroM se yukta evaM garur3a kI dhvajA yukta divya ratha pradAna kara nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyaa|28 sAtha hI baladeva ke lie do nIla vastra, mAlA-mukuTa, gadA, hala, musala, dhanuSabANoM se yukta do tarakaza, divya astroM se paripUrNa eka tAla kI U~cI dhvajA se sabala ratha aura chatra Adi pradAna kara balabhadra ke rUpa meM sthApita kara cale gye|

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mecakaM vastrayugalaM mAlAM ca mukuTaM gdaam| lAgalaM musalaM cApaM sazaraM shrdhidvym|| rathaM divyaastrsNpuurnnmuccaistaaldhvjorjitm| kubera: kAmapAlAya dadau chatrAdibhiH sh||129 tadantara yAdavoM ke sAtha saMgha ne samudra ke taTa para zrI kRSNa evaM baladeva kA abhiSeka kiyaa| ve harSita ho unakA jaya-jayakAra karane lage tathA bar3e hI sukhapUrvaka usa nagarI meM rahane lge| uparyukta vivecanAnusAra donoM hI granthoM meM jarAsaMdha ke Dara se zrI kRSNa dvArA bhAgakara kubera dvArA nirmita dvArakA nagarI meM praveza kA varNana milatA hai| sUrasAgara ke anusAra jarAsaMdha dvArA lagAI gaI Aga meM se zrI kRSNa va balarAma jhAMsA dekara bhAga nikale, jabaki harivaMzapurANa meM eka devI ne Aga kA kRtrima dRzya batAkara jarAsaMdha . ko vApasa kara diyaa| taduparAnta unhoMne dvArakA ko gamana kiyaa| harivaMzapurANa kA yaha prasaMga sUrasAgara kI apekSA adhika vistRta, kalAtmaka aura rocaka hai| dvArakA kI zobhA kA varNana bhI jinasenAcArya ne atyadhika kiyA hai jabaki sUrasAgara ke do-cAra padoM meM hI isakA ullekha milatA hai| * zrI kRSNa dvArA rukmiNI-haraNa : rukmiNI vidarbha deza ke kuNDina nagara ke rAjA bhISmaka kI putrI thii| kRSNa rukmiNI ko cAhate the evaM rukmiNI zrI kRSNa ko cAhatI thii| IrSyA ke kAraNa bhISmaka ke putra rukmI ne jarAsaMdha ke kathanAnusAra rukmiNI kA vivAha zrI kRSNa ke sAtha na karake ceTI nareza zizupAla ke sAtha karanA taya kiyaa| jaba rukmiNI ko isa bAta kI jAnakArI milI ki usakA bhAI usakA vivAha zrI kRSNa se na karake zizupAla ke sAtha karavAnA cAhatA hai, taba usane eka brAhmaNa ke sAtha zrI kRSNa ke pAsa sandezA bhejaa| usane patra meM likhA ki vaha unako pati ke rUpa meM varaNa kara cukI hai| Apa avilamba isa patra ko par3hate hI kuNDinapura pdhaaro| Apake binA mere prANa nikaleM jA rahe haiN.| he mAdhava! Apa merI dInatA para tarasa khAkara mujhe svIkAra kro| mujhe Apa para pUrNa bharosA hai| he giridhArI! Apa merI lAja rkhnaa| dvija pAtI de kahiyo syaamhiN| kuMDinapura kI kuMvarI rukaminI, japati tihAre naamhiN| pAlAgauM tuma jAhu dvArikA, na~da naMdana ke dhaamhiN| kaMcana-cIra paTaMbara dehA~ kara kaMkana ju inaamhiN| yaha sisupAla asuci ajJAnI harata parAI baamhiN| sUra syAma prabhu tumhArau bharoso lAja karo kina naamhiN||130 D -

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taduparAnta usa vipra ne dvArikA meM zrI kRSNa ko rukmiNI kA patra dekara usakA saMdezA kaha sunAyA ki siMha ko durbala dekhakara usakA bhojana siMyAra le jA rahA hai| Aja haMsa ke bhAga ko kauA le jA rahA hai| he madhusudana! Apa jaldI uTho, ratha car3hAkara. kuNDinapura kA prayANa kro| agara zizupAla ke sAtha rukmI ne rukmiNI kA hAtha de diyA to vaha agni meM snAna kara legii| tAtai meM dvija begi paThAyo, nema dharama marajAdA jaat| sUradAsa sisupAla pAni gahai, pAvaka racauM karauM apaghAta // 131 zrI kRSNa ne tatkAla ratha jor3akara brAhmaNa ke sAtha kuNDinapura kI tarapha prayANa kiyaa| jAte samaya balabhadra se kahA ki Apa senA lekara kuNDinapura kI tarapha car3hAI karo, maiM jaldI vahA~ pahu~ca rahA huuN| vahA~ pahu~ca kara kRSNa ne usa brAhmaNa ke sAtha rukmiNI ko samAcAra pahu~cAyA ki ve vahA~ A gaye haiN| rukmiNI ne uparyukta samAcAra sunakara atyanta Ananda kI anubhUti kii| vaha mana hI mana vicAra karane lagI ki aba merA naMdanaMdana zrI kRSNa se milana kaba hogaa| rukmiNI yojanAnusAra apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha pUjA karane hetu devI mandira meM aaii| rukmI ne usakI rakSA ke lie kaI sainikoM ko sAtha bhejaa| rukmiNI ne mandira meM jAkara devI kI pUjA kara usase zrI kRSNa ko vara dene kA vara maaNgaa| prasAda lekara jaise hI rukmiNI devI mandira se bAhara AI, usI samaya zrI kRSNa vahA~ AyeM evaM use apane rathacar3hAkara hara le gye| pAi prasAda aMbikA mandira rukmiNI bAhara aaii| subhaTa dekhi sundaratA mohe, dharani gire murjhaaii|| ihi~ aMtara jAdopati Ae rukamini ratha baitthaaii|132 udhara zizupAla bhI apanI senA sahita bArAta lekara pahale hI kuNDinapura pahu~ca cukA thaa| jaba use kRSNa dvArA rukmiNI haraNa kI jAnakArI milI, taba usane dratacakra tathA vArANasI ke rAjA ke sAtha zrI kRSNa kA pIchA kiyaa| donoM ora se bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| sUrasAgara meM isa yuddha kA kavi ne bar3A rocaka varNana kiyA hai sA~ga kahe jhalaka cahu~ disA capalA camaka, gaja garaja sunata diggaja ddraae| syAma balarAma sudhi pAi sanmukha bhae, bAna baraSA lage karaba saare|| rAma hala musala saMbhArI dhArayau bahuri, peli ke ratha subhaTa bahu sNhaare|

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ruMDa bhakaruMDa jhuki pare dhara dharani para, girata jyoM bega kari braja maare||133 rukmiNI aise bhayaMkara yuddha ko dekhakara ghabarA gii| zrI kRSNa na use dhairya pradAna kiyaa| aneka rAjA-mahArAjA prANa lekara bhAgane lge| lar3ate-lar3ate prAtaH kAla hone AyA evaM sUryodaya hone lgaa| bhagavAn zrI kRSNa ne zizupAla ko yaha kahakara jIvita chor3a diyA ki-puruSa kA raNakSetra se bhAganA hI marane jaisA hai| ataH maiM tujhe chor3a rahA huuN| zizupAla khisyAkara vahA~ se cala diyaa| ___jaba rukmI ne zrI kRSNa dvArA zizupAla ko parAjita karane kI bAta jAnI to usane bhI zrI kRSNa para yuddha kara bANoM kI varSA zuru kara dii| zrI kRSNa ne kSaNa bhara meM usake bANoM ko kATakara usake ratha kI dhvajA kATa dI evaM ratha ke ghor3e evaM sArathi ko mAra giraayaa| rukmI dharatI para gira pdd'aa| usane turaMta uThakara hari se punaH yuddha prArambha kiyaa| zrI kRSNa ne jaldI hI usake sAre zastroM ko nivAra diyaa| aba ve krodhita hokara jaise hI talavAra lekara use mArane lage to rukmiNI ne prArthanA kara use jIvana-dAna dilavA diyaa| rukmI zrI kRSNa ke caraNoM meM gira par3A tathA kahane lagA ki he prabhu! maiMne ahaMkAra vaza Apake marma ko nahIM jAnA thA, mujhe kSamA kreN| tatpazcAta zrI kRSNa rukmiNI ko lekara dvArikA aaye| dvArikAvAsiyoM ne jaba yaha sunA ki zrI kRSNa aneka zatruoM ko jItakara rukmiNI ko lekara nagara meM A rahe haiM to sAre nagara meM bhavya utsava kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| nagara-jana maMgalAcaraNa karane lge| jagaha-jagaha sone ke kalazoM meM jala bharakara unakI vaMdanA hone lgii| zrI kRSNa ne rukmiNI se vidhivat vivAha kara use paTarAnI bnaaii| __ isa prakAra sUrasAgara meM varNita yaha prasaMga bhAgavatAnusAra hai parantu sUra ne apanI maulikatA se isa prasaMga ko aura bhI sundara banA diyA hai| kavi ne ise do lIlAoM meM varNita kiyA hai| rukmiNI ke patra evaM sandezoM meM tathA zizupAla ke sAtha zrI kRSNa ke yuddha meM kavi ne bhAva-pUrNa citra aMkita kie haiN| . AcArya jinasena ne bhI isa prasaMga kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yaha prasaMga sUrasAgara meM kucha bhinnatA para AdhArita hai| AcAryajI ne rukmiNI-haraNa kA kAraNa yaha batAyA hai ki eka bAra nArada muni kRSNa ke antaHpura meM gaye vahA~ para apanI sajAvaTa meM lIna satyabhAmA ne unakA satkAra nahIM kiyaa| taba ve satyabhAmA kA mAna bhaMga karane hetu eka suMdara kanyA kI khoja karane lge| eka dina phirate-phirate ve kuNDinapura phuNce| vahA~ rAjA bhISmaka kI putrI rukmiNI ko dekhakara unhoMne use zrI kRSNa ke lie upayukta jaanaa| nArada ne vahA~ zrI kRSNa kI prazaMsA kara rukmiNI kA anurAga zrI kRSNa meM bar3hAyA tathA rukmiNI kA citrapaTa lekara zrI kRSNa ke pAsa pahuMca kara zrI kRSNa kA mana rukmiNI kI ora AkRSTa kiyaa|34 =169

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udhara rukmiNI ke phuA ne use avadhijJAna-dhAraka atimuktaka muni dvArA kahI gaI bAta sunAI tathA kahA ki-nArada muni kI bAta satya hogI parantu terA bhAI tujhe usake mitra zizupAla ko denA cAhatA hai| isa para rukmiNI ke kathanAnusAra usakI phuA ne eka vizvAsapAtra vyakti ko patra dekara gupta rUpa se zrI kRSNa ke pAsa dvArikA bhejaa| patra meM likhA thA ki he kRSNa, rukmiNI ApameM anurakta hai tathA Apake nAma rUpI AhAra se santuSTa ho prANa dhAraNa kara rahI hai| yaha Apake dvArA apanA haraNa cAhatI hai| he mAdhava! yadi mAgha-zuklA aSTamI ke dina Apa Akara zIghra hI rukmiNI kA haraNa kara le jAte haiM to nissandeha yaha ApakI hogii| anyathA pitA aura bAndhavajana ke dvArA yaha zizupAla ko de dI jAyegI aura usa dazA meM ApakI prApti na hone se maranA hI ise zaraNa raha jAyegA arthAt yaha AtmaghAta kara mara jaayegii| yaha nAgadeva kI pUjA ke bahAne Apako nagara ke bAhya udyAna mandira meM milegI so Apa dayAlu ho, avazya hI Akara ise svIkRta kreN|135 . ___ zrI kRSNa usa patra ko par3hakara baladeva ke sAtha gupta rUpa se kuNDinapura pahu~ca gye| udhara zizupAla bhI apanI caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha pahale hI pahu~ca gayA thaa| rukmiNI nAgadeva kI pUjA kara udyAna meM pahale hI khar3I thii| kRSNa ne vahA~ Akara use acchI taraha se dekhA evaM kahA ki he bhadre ! maiM tumhAre lie hI AyA hU~ aura jo tumhAre hRdaya meM hai, vahI maiM huuN| yadi sacamuca hI tUne mujhase apanA anupama prema lagA rakhA hai to he mere manorathoM ko pUrNa karane vAlI priye! Ao ratha para savAra ho jaao| isa prakAra zrI kRSNa ne rukmiNI kA haraNa kara liyaa| tadanantara unhoMne rukmiNI ke bhAI rukmI, zizupAla tathA . bhISmaka ko rukmiNI haraNa samAcAra dekara apanA ratha Age bar3hA diyaa| samAcAra prApta hote hI donoM mahAvIroM ne apanI vizAla senA ke sAtha zrI kRSNa kA pIchA kiyaa| senA ko nikaTa Ate dekha rukmiNI bhayabhIta ho gaI parantu zrI kRSNa ne use zAnta kiyaa| jaise hI zizupAla evaM rukmI ke sAtha zatru senA unake pAsa AI usa samaya vega ke sAtha zrI kRSNa va balarAma ne apane rathoM ko mor3a liyaa| tadantara roSa se bhare hue ina donoM ke bANoM se zatru senA cAroM ora bhAga kara naSTa ho gaI tathA usakA ahaMkAra naSTabhraSTa ho gyaa| tadanantara zrI kRSNa ne giranAra parvata para rukmiNI se vivAha kiyaa| ruSTayoH zarajAlena dviSTasainyaM tato'nayoH / ziSTaM nanAza vidhvstklissttdrpmbhidrutm|| hariNeva raNe raudre hariNA dmghossjH| halinA bhISmajo rAjA bhISmAkAraH purskRtH||136 42/92-93 uparyukta vivecanAnusAra harivaMzapurANa meM nirUpita yaha prasaMga sUrasAgara se kucha vaiSamya para AdhArita hai| isameM nAradamuni kA satyabhAmA-mAnabhaMga prasaMga, rukmiNI kI usakI -170 -

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phuA dvArA sahAyatA va isI prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa dvArA zizupAla vadha137 ityAdi ghaTanAe~ navInatA ko lie hue hai| jinasenAcArya ne isa prasaMga ko vizadatA ke sAtha vivecita kiyA hai| kavi ne yuddha varNana ke sajIva dRzya upasthita kie haiN| varNana-kauzala evaM rocakatA kI dRSTi se harivaMzapurANa kA nirUpaNa apekSAkRta jyAdA sundara bana par3A hai| sUrasAgara meM rukmiNI haraNa, dvArikA-Anandotsava kA jo varNana milatA hai, usakA harivaMzapurANa meM abhAva rahA hai| zrI kRSNa ke anya vivAha :- zrImadbhAgavatapurANa ke kathAnusAra sUrasAgara meM mahAkavi sUra ne zrI kRSNa kI ATha paTarAniyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM satyabhAmA, jAmbavatI, kAlindI, mitravindA, satyA, bhadrA, lakSmaNA evaM rukmiNI ke nAma Ate haiN| zrI kRSNa ne inake sAtha alaga-alaga prasaMgoM meM vivAha kiyA usakA kavi ne spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| jAmbavatI evaM satyabhAmA ke sAtha zrI kRSNa ke vivAha prasaMga meM syamantaka maNi kI kathA AtI hai jo nimna prakAra hai vighna ke putra satrAjita ne sUrya se eka divya maNi prApta kI thI jo syamantaka-maNi ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI thii| usa maNi ko zrI kRSNa prApta karanA cAhate the parantu vaha unheM na milii| eka dina satrAjita kA bhAI prasena usa maNi ko pahanakara zikAra khelane gyaa| vahA~ para eka zera ne use mAra girAyA evaM vaha maNi ko lekara calA gyaa| RkSarAja jAmbavaMta ne usa zera ko mArakara, vaha maNi hamezA ke lie apanI guphA meM rakha dii| udhara satrAjita ne zrI kRSNa para apane bhAI prasena-vadha tathA maNi lene kA Aropa lagAyA, taba zrI kRSNa vana meM gaye tathA jAmbavaMta se yuddha kara use harAyA aura usakI jAmbavatI ke sANA syamantaka maNi ko prApta kiyaa| zrI kRSNa ne yaha maNi satrAjita ko dii| satrAjita ne zrI kRSNa para lagAye Aropa se lajjita hokara apanI kanyA satyabhAmA kA vivAha zrI kRSNa ke sAtha kara diyaa| isa prakAra zrI kRSNa ne jAmbavatI va satyabhAmA ko prApta kara use apanI rAniyA~ bnaaii| . hari darasana satrAjita aayau| logani jAnyau Adita Avata hari so jAi sunaayau| jAMbavatI sameta mani de puni apanau roSa chmaayau| mani satrAjita ko prabhu dInhI, rahayauM su sIsa nvaai| satyabhAmA sameta lai Ayo mani kA~ hari sira naai||138 / . rukmiNI, jAmbavatI tathA satyabhAmA ke alAvA zrI kRSNa kI pA~ca paTarAniyoM kA ullekha karate hue sUra ne likhA hai ki hari ke smaraNa karane se zrI kRSNa ne kAlindI ko vara diye tathA usake sAtha pANi-grahaNa kara use saba prakAra kA sukha diyaa| jaba "mitravindA" 171

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ne zrI kRSNa kA dhyAna kiyA, taba zrI kRSNa ne avilamba usase vivAha kara usake sakala manoratha pUrNa kiye| hari ke caraNoM kA citta lagAne se "satyA" ke sAtha zrI kRSNa ne vivAha kiyA evaM isI prakAra bhadrA ne zrI kRSNa ne smaraNa kiyA to tribhuvanarAma ne turaMta hI usakI manoicchA pUrNa kii| anya rAniyoM kI bhA~ti lakSmaNA ne bhI hari kA dhyAna kiyA to zrI kRSNa ne svayaMvara meM use prApta kara liyaa| isa prakAra zrI kRSNa ne ina saba kanyAoM ko prApta kara unheM apanI paTarAniyA~ banAyA tathA sukhapUrvaka rahane lge|39 / . zrI kRSNa kI ATha paTarAniyoM ke sivAya sUrasAgara meM nArada-saMzaya tathA bhaumAsuravadha prasaMga meM unakI solaha hajAra rAniyoM kA varNana milatA hai| nArada muni ko eka bAra apane mana meM yaha hotA hai ki jAkai gaha dve nAri haiM, tAhi kalaha nita hoi, hari bihArI kihi vidhi karata, nainani dekho joii|140 aura ve kRSNa ke pratyeka mahala meM jAkara dekhate haiM to vahA~ zrI kR. virAjamAna haiN| ve socate haiM zAyada zrI kRSNa jaldI daur3akara mere se pahale dUsare mahala meM cale jAte haiN| isI se ve tejI se dUsare mahala meM pahuMcate haiM to dekhate haiM ki zrI kRSNa bAlakoM se khela rahe haiN| isa prakAra zrI kRSNa unheM hara jagaha dikhAI dete haiN| isI prakAra zrI kRSNa dvArA bhaumAsura ko mArakara usake yahA~ bandI solaha hajAra kumAriyoM ko chur3Akara unase vivAha kA varNana bhI milatA hai| SaSTha dasa sahasa kanyA asura baMdi maiM, nIMda arU mukha ahanisi bisaarii| bahuri bahu rUpa dhari gae sabana ghara, byAha kari sabani kI Asa puurii|' sabani kai bhavana hari rahata saba raini dina, sabani sau naiku nahi~ hota duurii||141 isa prakAra sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa kI solaha hajAra rAniyoM tathA ATha paTarAniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai jise kavi ne varNanAtmaka zailI se vivecita kiyA hai| isa prasaMga ke nirUpaNa meM sUra ke bhAva evaM bhASA meM saralatA parilakSita hotI hai| harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa ke aneka vivAhoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai parantu yaha citraNa sUrasAgara se sarvathA bhinna hai| satyabhAmA ke sAtha zrI kRSNa ke vivAha kA prasaMga jinasenAcArya ne isa prakAra kahA hai ki satyabhAmA rathanUpura cakravAla nagara ke rAjA suketu kI putrI thii| kRSNa ke zaurya ke samAcAra milane para suketu ne eka dUta zrI kRSNa ke pAsa bhejA tathA mathurA se sandeza milane para satyabhAmA ko mathurA le jAkara usakA vivAha zrI kRSNa ke sAtha kara diyaa|

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atimuditasuketuH satyabhAmAM prabhAyAH, svayamupapadavatvA garbhajAM keshvaay||42 36/61 harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra zrI kRSNa ke antaHpura meM solaha hajAra yogya guNoM se yukta rAniyA~ thI, jisameM ATha paTarAniyA~ thiiN| zrI kRSNa ke dUsarI paTarAnI kA ullekha isa prakAra milatA hai ki eka dina nArada ne zrI kRSNa se kahA ki-vijayArdha parvata kI dakSiNa-zreNi meM jambapura nAmaka nagara meM jAmbava nAma kA vidyAdhara rahatA hai| usakI jAmbavatI nAma kI kanyA atyanta rUpavatI mAno sAkSAt lakSmI hai| vaha isa samaya sakhiyoM ke sAtha snAna karane gaMgA meM utarI hai| zrI kRSNa ne vahA~ jAkara snAna krIr3A ko prArambha karane vAlI jAmbavatI ko dekhaa| donoM kI nigAheM milI evaM prema ho gyaa| phalataH zrI kRSNa usa kanyA ko hara le gaye tathA usase vidhivat vivAha kara liyaa| kanyAharaNa ke kAraNa sakhiyoM ke joradAra rudana ke svara ko sunakara kanyA kA pitA jAmbava hAtha meM talavAra DhAla lekara zIghra hI AkAza mArga se cala pdd'aa| AkAzagAmI anAvRSTi ne zIdhra usake sAtha yuddha kiyA tathA use bAMdha diyaa| isa ghaTanA se jAmbava ko vairAgya ho gayA tathA vaha vana meM calA gyaa| udhara zrI kRSNa jAmbavatI ke sAtha paramAnaMda prApta kara dvArikA gye| jAmbavatyA vivAhena prmaanndmaashritH| vizvaksenayuto vissnnubhrikaamgmnnijaam||143 44-16 zrI kRSNa ke eka anya vivAha prasaMga meM AtA hai ki kisI samaya siMhaladvIpa meM sUkSmabuddhi kA dhAraka zukSNaroma nAmaka rAjA rahatA thaa| use vaza karane ke lie kisI samaya zrI kRSNa ne apanA dUta bhejA parantu dUta ne vApasa Akara usake pratikUla hone kI khabara dI tathA sAtha meM yaha bhI kahA ki usake uttama lakSaNoM se yukta lakSmaNA nAma kI kanyA hai| tadantara harSa yukta zrI kRSNa baladeva ke sAtha vahA~ gye| vahA~ unhoMne snAna ke lie samudra meM AI huI mRgalocanI lakSmaNA ko dekhaa| zrI kRSNa ke rUpa para vaha mohita ho gii| zrI kRSNa ne yahA~ mahAzaktizAlI senApati drumasena ko yuddha meM harAkara usa rUpavatI lakSmaNA kA haraNa kara liyaa| dvArakA meM Akara usake sAtha vidhipUrvaka vivAha kiyA evaM use mahala de ramaNa karane lge| drumasenaM mahAvIryaM hatvA senApatiM yudhi| hRtvA cetaH svarUpeNa ruupinniimhrtpunH||4444-23 - usI samaya surASTra deza meM eka rASTravardhana nAmaka rAjA thaa| usake eka susImA nAma kI putrI thI jo ki uttama guNoM se yukta apsarAoM ke samAna lagatI thii| usake eka bhAI thaa| jisakA nAma namuci thA, vaha atyanta parAkramI thaa| eka dina yuvarAja namuci tathA usakI bahina susImA snAna karane samudra taTa para aaye| idhara nAradamuni ne zrI kRSNa ko 173=

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una donoM kI khabara dii| zrI kRSNa khabara pAte hI baladeva ke sAtha vahA~ Aye tathA prabhAsatIrtha para, jisakI senA ThaharI huI thI aise samaya usa namuci ko mArakara kanyA susImA kA haraNa kara dvArakA aaye|45 zrI kRSNa kI gaurI nAmaka paTarAnI se vivAha kA ullekha karate hue jinasenAcArya ne likhA hai ki-sindhu deza ke vItabhaya nAmaka nagara meM ikSvAku vaMza ko bar3hAne vAlA meru nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake gaurI nAma kI eka kanyA thI, jo gaura varNa thii| eka bAra nimittajJAnI ne batAyA ki yaha kanyA nauveM nArAyaNa zrI kRSNa kI patnI hogii| isalie usake vacanoM kA smaraNa rakhane vAlA rAjA meru ne pahale to zrI kRSNa ke pAsa eka dUta bhejA evaM taduparAnta mRgalocanI gaurI ko bhejaa| zrI kRSNa ne mana ko harane vAlI gaurI se vivAha kara usake lie eka sundara bhavana pradAna kara diyaa| pariNIya hariaurI mnohrnnkaarinniim| - susImAsadanAbhyarNaM prAdAtprAsAdamuccakaiH // 14644-36 ___usI samaya baladeva ke mAmA hiraNyanAbha ariSTapura nagara meM rAjya karate the| unake padmAvatI nAmaka uttama kanyA thI, jo sAkSAt lakSmI jAna par3atI thii| jaba usakA svayaMvara ho rahA thA usa samaya zrI kRSNa va balarAma vahA~ gye| svayaMvara ke samaya yuddha-nipuNa zrI kRSNa ne haThapUrvaka usakA haraNa kara liyA tathA jinhoMne yuddha meM zUravIratA dikhalAI, unheM zIghra hI naSTa kara ddaalaa| svayaMvare pravRtte'tra hatvA padmAvatIM htthaat| raNazauNDAnmamardAzu shauriraahvdkssinnH||147 44-42 harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa kI AThavIM paTarAnI "gAndhArI" ko batAyA hai| isake sAtha zrI kRSNa ke vivAha prasaMga ko ullekhita karate hue jinasenAcArya ne likhA hai kigAndhAra deza kI puSpakalAvatI nagara meM eka indragiri nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake gAndhArI nAma kI eka putrI thI, jo gandharva-kalAoM meM nipuNa thii| nAradamuni dvArA zrI kRSNa ko jaba yaha jJAta huA ki gAndhArI kA bhAI use hayapurI ke rAjA sumukha ko de rahA hai, taba ve zIghra hI jAkara raNAMgaNa meM pratikUla himagiri ko mArakara gAndhArI ko hara lAye evaM usa saumyamukhI se vivAha kara atyanta harSita hue|148 isa prakAra harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa ke aneka vivAhoM kA ullekha milatA hai| pratyeka kanyA ke sAtha zrI kRSNa ke vivAha meM purANakAra ne unakI vIratA kA citraNa kiyA hai| jabaki sUrasAgara meM pA~ca kanyAoM ke sAtha unakA vivAha bhakti-bhAva hone ke kAraNa hotA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM varNita yaha prasaMga kavi kI maulikatA para AdhArita hai| zrI kRSNa ke vivAhoM kA aisA ullekha anyatra nahIM miltaa| donoM kRtiyoM meM varNita isa prasaMga meM paryApta vaiSamya hone ke bAvajUda bhI kucha sAmya hai| donoM kaviyoM ne zrI

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kRSNa kI ATha paTarAniyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM rukmiNI, satyabhAmA, jAmbavatI tathA lakSmaNA ke nAma sAmya haiN| sUrasAgara meM varNita kAmindI, mitrA, satyA va bhadrA ke sthAna para jinasenAcArya ne gaurI, susImA, padmAvatI tathA gAndhArI kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa kA yaha prasaMga sUrasAgara kI apekSA vistRta, rocaka tathA vibhinna pradezoM ke bhaugolika jJAna-sabhara hai| pradyumna janma aura vivAha : . donoM hI Alocya kRtiyoM meM zrI kRSNa ke aneka putroM kA varNana milatA hai, jisameM pradyumna ullekhanIya hai| sUrasAgara ke anusAra kAmadeva ne pradyumna ke rUpa meM rukmiNI ke udara se janma liyaa| usI samaya kAmadeva kI patnI rati mAyAdevI ke rUpa meM utpanna hokara zambAsura kI patnI bana usake pAsa rahane lgii| jaba pradyumna chaH dina kA huA, usa samaya zambAsura ne usakA haraNa kara use samudra meM pheMka diyaa| bAla pradyumna ko eka maccha nigala gyaa| usa maccha ko eka machuAre ne pakar3A tathA use zambAsura ko bheMTa de diyaa| pRthvI para asura saMbara bhayau ati prabala, tina udadhi mA~hi tihiM DArI diinhauN| maccha liyo-bhacchi so maccha machabI gayau, __ asurapati ko su lai bheMTa kiinhiiN||49 - tadantara mAyAvatI ne jaba, usa machalI kA peTa cIrA to usameM se vaha bAlaka niklaa| taba usane nAradamuni ke vacako yAda kara usakA pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| samayAnusAra vaha pUrNa yauvana ko prApta huA, usa samaya mAyAvatI usake rUpa-lAvaNya para anurakta ho gii| usane usake mAtA-pitA ke bAre meM jAnakArI dI tathA kahA ki maiM rati hU~ tathA tU kAmadeva kA avatAra hai| maiM tujhe vidyA sikhAtI hU~, usake bala para tU isa rAkSasa ko mAra giraa| pradyumna ne usase sabhI prakAra kI vidyA sIkha kara usa asura ke sAtha yuddha kiyA evaM apanI talavAra se use kATa ddaalaa| tatpazcAt vaha AkAzamArga se zIghra hI dvArikA aayaa| usake Agamana se samasta yAdavavaMzI atyanta harSita hue tathA unhoMne usa khuzI meM eka bhavya utsava kA Ayojana kiyaa| bahuri AkAsa maga jAi dvArAvatI, mAtu manamoda ati hI bddh'aayau| bhayau jaduvaMza ati rahasa manu janama bhayau, sUra jana maMgalAcAra gaayau|150 - pradyumna ke janma evaM usake vidyAdhyayana kI bhA~ti usake vivAha kA ullekha bhI sUrasAgara meM milatA hai| usake anusAra eka bAra zrI kRSNa va balarAma pradyumna ke vivAha hetu rukma ke yahA~ gye| vahA~ kaliMga ke rAjA ne balarAma ko jue~ meM parAjita karane kI

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use salAha dii| kapaTa dvArA lakSmI ne balarAma ko jue meM harA diyA evaM vaha unakI ha~sI ur3Ane lgaa| isa para krodhita ho balarAma ne phira bAjI lagAI to ve jIta gaye, lekina rukmI ne kahA ki jIta merI huI hai| taba balarAma ne kruddha hokara rukmI ko tathA kaliMga ke rAjA ko mAra DAlA evaM unhoMne rukmI kI putrI ke sAtha pradyumna kA vivAha kara dvArikA ko prayANa kiyaa| rukma aru kaliMga ko rAu mArayau prathama, bahuri tinake bahu subhaTa maare| sUra prabhu syAma balarAma ranajIta bhae, byAhi pradyumna nija pura sidhaare||51 harivaMzapurANa meM pradyumna-caritra kA vistRta varNana AtA hai| purANa ke 43 veM sarga meM pradyumna ke janma kI kathA AtI hai| isake anusAra pradyumna zrI kRSNa kI rAnI rukmiNI se utpanna putra thaa| janma kI chaThI rAtri meM dhUmaketu nAmaka eka rAkSasa ne bAlaka pradyumna kA apaharaNa kiyA tathA use eka zilA ke pAsa rakha bhAga gyaa| usI samaya kAlasaMvara nAmaka vidyAdhara ne bAlaka pradyumna ko uThA liyaa| usakI patnI kaMcanamAlA ne usakA pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| yuvA hone para pradyumna atizaya rUpavAna, balazAlI va pratibhAzAlI bnaa| usane kAlasaMvara ke zatru siMharatha ko parAjita kiyaa| kAlasaMvara ke anya putra usase jalane lage va usako mArane kA upAya socane lge| parantu pradyumna ne nirbhaya hokara sabhI vipattiyoM kA sAmanA kiyA tathA ane vidyAe~ sIkha lii| usake rUpa-saundarya evaM sAhasa para kAlasaMvara kI patnI kaMcanamAlA anurakta ho gii| usane use. tIna vidyAe~ sikhAI evaM usase AliMgana sukha hetu aneka kAma ceSTAe~ kii| pAlana-poSaNa karane vAlI mAtA svarUpA kaMcanamAlA ke aise vicAra jAna pradyumna ne use mAtA va putra sambandha batalAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| vaiparItyaM tato jJAtvA ninditvA karmaceSTitam . sa maatrptysNbndhprtyaaynpro'bhvt||5947-58 isa para kaMcanamAlA ne use usakI prApti kA vRttAnta sunAyA tathA bAra-bAra usase sahavAsa kI kAmanA kii| pradyumna usameM sahamata nahIM huA to isase kupita ho kaMcanamAlA ne kAlasaMvara ko usake viruddha uksaayaa| kAlasaMvara tathA pradyumna ke bIca bhayaMkara yuddha huA, tabhI nArada ne Akara bIca bacAva kiyaa| tadantara vAstavika vRttAnta jAna vaha AkAzamArga se dvArikA kI ora ravAnA huaa| mArga meM hastinApura kI zobhA dekha vaha usa nagarI ko dekhane nIce utraa| vahA~ pradyumna ne hastinApura nareza duryodhana kI putrI udadhi kumArI se mohita ho vivAha kiyaa| tatpazcAt vaha mathurA hote hue dvArikA lauttaa| dvArikA Akara usane apanI vimAtA satyabhAmA va usake putra bhAnukumAra ko apanI vidyAoM se parezAna kiyaa| brahmacArI kA veza banAkara vaha apanI mAtA rukmiNI ke pAsa gayA tathA mAyAmayI rukmiNI banAkara use kRSNa kI sabhA ke Age khIMcate hue le jAkara 1766

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kRSNa ko llkaaraa| kRSNa aura pradyumna meM bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| taba nArada ne Akara pradyumna kA paricaya diyaa| sabhI bar3e prasanna hue| nagara meM utsava manAyA gyaa| tataH praNatamAthuiSya pradyumnaM pramadI hriH| AnandAzruparItAkSaH samayojayadAziSAta: rukmiNIjAmbavatyau te jaatputrsmaagme| tadAcIkaratAM toSAdutsavaM vtsvtsle||53 'a' 47/133-135 uparyukta vivecanAnusAra donoM hI kaviyoM ne zrI kRSNa putra pradyumna kA varNana kiyA hai| donoM hI kRtiyoM meM use rukmiNI putra svIkAra kiyA hai| pradyumna kA apaharaNa, usakI AkAzagAmI vidyAe~ tathA pAlana-poSaNa karane vAlI mA~ kI anurakti ityAdi prasaMgoM meM sAmyatA dikhAI detI haiN| sUrasAgara meM yaha prasaMga mAtra do padoM meM varNita hai jabaki harivaMzapurANa meM isa kathA ko vistRta svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| purANakAra ne rukmiNI kA vilApa, pradyumna kA rUpa saundarya, usakA yuddha-kauzala, usake dvArA aneka vidyAoM kI prApti, udadhikumArI ke sAtha usakA vivAha, kRSNa-pradyumna yuddha, nArada dvArA paricaya evaM usakA rAjasukha ityAdi vividha prasaMgoM ko navInatA ke sAtha citrita kiyA hai| yaha prasaMga harivaMzapurANa kI maulikatA hai| zizupAla vadha : zrI kRSNa dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM meM zizupAla vadha prasaMga bhI vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| zrImadbhAgavata purANa meM zizupAla ke bAre meM vRttAnta AtA hai ki vaha cedirAja damaghoSa va zrutazravA kA putra thaa| zrutazravA zrI kRSNa kI buA thii| janma ke samaya usake tIna A~kheM va.cAra hAtha the| ataH isake mAtA-pitA cintita hue evaM ise tyAgane kA vicAra kiyA parantu usa samaya AkAzavANI huI ki isa zizu kA pAlana karo; yaha bahuta hI sampanna va parAkramI hogaa| abhI isakI mRtyu najadIka nahIM hai| isakA vadha karane vAlA saMsAra meM paidA ho gayA hai| yaha usI ke hAthoM se mRtyu kA varaNa kregaa| yaha suna zizupAla kI mAtA ne pUchA ki isakI mRtyu kisake hAthoM hogii| taba adRzya-bhUta ne yaha kahA kiisa bacce kA jisake.dvArA goda meM lene se isake do hAtha pRthvI para gira jAe~ evaM tIsarA netra lalATa meM chipa jAya, usI ke hAthoM se isakI mRtyu hogii| taduparAnta sUcanA milane para zrI kRSNa evaM balarAma apanI buA zrutazravA ko milane cedi rAjya meM gye| vahA~ para zrutazravA ne zrI kRSNa kI goda meM apane putra ko DAla diyaa| zrI kRSNa kI goda meM bacce ko DAlate hI usake donoM hAtha gira par3e evaM tIsarA netra mastaka meM samA gyaa| isa para bhayabhIta ho zrutazravA ne zrI kRSNa se yaha vara dene kA anurodha kiyA ki veM usake sabhI aparAdha kSamA kara deNge| taba zrI kRSNa ne zrutazravA ko yaha varadAna diyA ki ve isake sau aparAdha kSamA kara deNge| 1776

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jaba vaha bar3A huA to rukmiNI ke pitA ne rukmiNI kA vivAha zizupAla se taya kiyaa| zizapAla bArAta lekara rukmiNI se vivAha karane hetu kuNDinapura gayA parantu vahA~. zrI kRSNa ne rukmiNI kA haraNa kara liyaa| jaba use yaha jJAta huA taba vaha senA lekara zrI kRSNa ke pIche gyaa| vahA~ zrI kRSNa va balarAma ke sAtha usakA bhayaMkara yuddha huA parantu use parAjita kara zrI kRSNa ne yaha kahA ki maiM tujhe eka bAra aura kSamA karatA huuN| puruSa kA raNakSetra meM bhAganA bhI marane jaisA hai| usI dina se zizupAla zrI kRSNa se aura bhI zatrutA rakhane lgaa|153 'ba' taduparAnta indraprastha nareza yudhiSThira ne zrI kRSNa kI salAha para rAjasUya yajJa karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| usI samaya zrI kRSNa dvArikA se nAnA prakAra ke upahAra evaM apanI vizAla senA lekara indraprastha aaye| yudhiSThira ne unakA bhavya svAgata kiyA tathA yajJa kI AjJA maaNgii| zrI kRSNa kI AjJA se yudhiSThira ne apane brAhmaNoM se yajJa-dIkSA lekara rAjasUya yajJa prArambha kiyaa| yudhiSThira ne apane sabhI bhAIyoM va sambandhiyoM ko alagaalaga kAryoM para niyukta kiyaa| zrI kRSNa ne brAhmaNoM ke caraNa dhone kA kArya svIkAra kiyA tathA ve svecchA se brAhmaNoM ke pada-kadama dhone lge| yudhiSThira ke isa rAjasUya yajJa meM aneka dezoM ke. rAjA-mahArAjA va vipra-gaNa Ane lge| nAradamuni bhI vahA~ para Aye tathA ve zrI kRSNa kI mahimA kA cintana kara yajJa meM baiTha gye| usI samaya bhISma pitAmaha ne yudhiSThira se vahA~ para upasthita sabhI rAjAoM se arghya nivedana karake unakI pUjA karane ke lie kahA tathA jo sabhI rAjAoM meM zreSTha evaM zaktizAlI hai, usako pahale arghya samarpita kara agrapUjA karane ke lie khaa| yaha sunakara yudhiSThira ne bhISma pitAmaha se pUchA ki-ina rAjAoM meM zreSTha evaM prathama pUjane yogya kauna hai? isa para bhISma pitAmaha ne kahA ki zrI kRSNa kA hI prathama pUjana honA caahie|54 tadanusAra yudhiSThira ne zrI kRSNa kI agrapUjA kii| zrI kRSNa kI isa agrapajA ko dekhakara cedirAja zizupAla bharI sabhA meM bhISma va yudhiSThira ko ulAhanA dekara zrI kRSNa se AkSepapUrNa vacana kahane lagA ki yahA~ para anya rAjAoM ke hote hue vRSNI-vaMza zrI kRSNa rAjAoM ke samAna pUjA kA adhikArI nahIM hai| zizupAla ke zrI kRSNa ke prati aise vacana sunakara yudhiSThira usake pAsa gaye evaM use samajhAne lge| bhISma ne bhI use samajhAyA ki-zrI kRSNa hamAre lie pUjanIya haiN| parantu zrI kRSNa ke pUjana samApta hone ke bAda zizupAla anya apane sahayogiyoM sahita yuddha karane ke lie udyata ho gyaa| taba zrI kRSNa ne krodhita hokara zizupAla kA sira sudarzana-cakra se kATa diyaa| tatpazcAt yudhiSThira ne apanA rAjasUya yajJa pUrNa kiyaa| vaira bhAva sumirayau sisupaal| tAhi rAjasU maiM gopaal||

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cakra sudarasana kari sNhaaryau| teja tAsu nija mukha maiM dhaavyau||155 jaba zizupAla vadha kA samAcAra usake senApati ko milA to usane dvArikA kI ora prasthAna kiyA, jisase vaha apane svAmI kI mRtyu kA badalA le ske| mahAkavi sUra ne zAlva ke dvArikA AkramaNa kA bar3A rocaka varNana kiyA hai| dvArikA meM kRSNa kI anupasthiti meM pradyumna, sAtyaki evaM anya vRSNIvaMza rAjakumAroM ne usase yuddha kiyaa| udhara samAcAra prApta hote hI zrI kRSNa zIghra hI indraprastha se dvArikA aaye| tatpazcAt donoM mahAvIroM meM bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| vaha AsurI mAyA se yuddha karane lagA parantu zrI kRSNa usakI sArI mAyA ko dUra kara use gadA ke prahAra se mAra giraayaa| lakhyo bhagavAna kari kapaTa ina yaha kiyo, tAsu mAyA turata hari nivaarii| bhAgi nija pura calyau syAma pahilai phuNci| khaici ke gadA tA sIsa maari| gadA yuddha sAlva kInhau bahuta bera lauM, bahuri hari sA~ga tAko claaii| lagata tAmai gae prAna vAke nikasi, surani AkAsa duMdubhi bjaaii||156 __tadantara zizupAla kA bhAI dantacakra zrI kRSNa ke sAtha yuddha karane aayaa| usane zrI kRSNa ko lalakAra kara una para joradAra gadA prahAra kiyaa| parantu usakA vAra niSphala gyaa| jaba zrI kRSNa ne use gadA mArI to usake prANa-paMkherU nikala gaye bahari lai gadA parahAra kiyau syAma para, . lagyau jyauM lage aMbuja phaare| hari gadA lagata gae prAna tAke nikasi, bahuri hari nija badana mAhi~ dhaare||57 isa prakAra sUrasAgara meM mahAkavi sUra ne zizupAla vadha prasaMga ko atyanta hI saMkSepa meM bhAgavatAnusAra varNita kiyA hai| sAtha hI zAlva-vadha tathA dantacakra vadha ko bhI nirUpita kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa dvArA mAre gaye aneka asuroM meM ye bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| / sUrasAgara kI bhA~ti harivaMzapurANa meM bhI zrI kRSNa dvArA zizupAla vadha kA prasaMga AtA hai parantu yaha prasaMga bhinna prakAra se varNita hai| jinasenAcArya ne zizupAla-janma ityAdi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai ki vaha zrI kRSNa kI buA kA putra thaa| usake janma para AkAzavANI huI thI evaM zrI kRSNa ne usake sau aparAdhoM ko kSamA karane kA apanI buA ko vara diyA thA, yaha bhI varNana purANa meM nahIM miltaa|

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purANakAra ne zizupAla kA nirUpaNa rukmiNI haraNa prasaMga meM hI kiyA hai| jaba zrI kRSNa ne rukmiNI kA haraNa kara liyA, usa samaya rukmiNI kA bhAI rukmI tathA zizupAla donoM dhIra-vIra bar3I zIghratA se rathoM para savAra hokara zrI kRSNa va baladeva kA sAmanA karane pahuMca jAte haiN| purANakAra ne unheM apanI senA ke sa..yuddha ke lie udyata hone kA bar3A sundara varNana kiyA hai ki-sATha hajAra rathoM, dasa hajAra hAthiyoM, vAyu vegazAlI tIna lAkha ghor3oM aura khaDga, cakra, dhanuSa hAtha meM lie kaI lAkha paidala sipAhiyoM ke sAtha dizAoM ko grasta karate hue donoM vIra unakI nikaTatA ko prApta haae| rathaiH SaSTisahasrestaiH kariNAmayutena c| .. tribhiH zatasahastraizca bAjinAM vaayurNhsaam|| .. . asicakradhanuH paannibhulksspdaatibhiH|| grasamAnau dizaH zeSA niktttvmupaagtau||25842/81-82 aisI vizAla senA dekhakara rukmiNI atyanta hI vyAkula ho gii| isa para zrI kRSNa ne use samajhAyA ki mujha parAkramI ke rahate hue dUsaroM kI saMkhyA bahuta hone para kyA ho sakatA hai? tadanantara zrI kRSNa va baladeva ne apane ratha ghumAkara senA ke abhimukha kara diye| roSa se bhare hue bhayaMkara siMha ke samAna zUra-vIra zrI kRSNa ne zizupAla ko tathA baladeva ne bhayaMkara AkAra ko dhAraNa karane vAle bhISma putra rAjA rukmI kA sAmanA kiyaa| dvandvayuddha meM zrI kRSNa ne apane bANa ke dvArA yaza ke sAtha zizupAla kA U~cA mastaka dUra girAyA tathA baladeva ne ratha ke sAtha rukmI ko itanA jarjara kara diyA ki usake prANa hI zeSa raha gye| dvandva-yuddhe zirastugaM zizupAlasya paatitm| viSNunA yazasA sAkaM sAyakena viduurtH| halI jarjaritaM kRtvA rathena saha rukminnm| prANazeSamapAkRtya kRtI kRSNayuto yayau // 15942/94-95 uparyukta vivecanAnusAra harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa dvArA zizupAla vadha kA prasaMga AtA hai parantu yaha vadha rukmiNI-haraNa ke pazcAt zrI kRSNa ke sAtha yuddha meM hotA hai| jabaki sUrasAgara meM zizupAla-vadha yudhiSThira ke rAjasUya yajJa meM zrI kRSNa ke sudarzana cakra se hotA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM zizupAla dvArA bArAta lekara kuNDinapura AnA tathA zrI kRSNa ke sAtha yuddha karanA Adi ghaTanAe~ sUrasAgara ke sAmya haiM parantu jinasenAcArya ne zizupAla kA vadha bhI vahA~ batAkara isa ghaTanA ko navIna rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa kA yuddha-varNana sUrasAgara se apekSAkRta rocaka bana par3A hai| kavi kA senA-varNana atizayokti pUrNa laga rahA hai| purANakAra ne zizupAla ke senApati zAlva tathA bhAI dantacakra ke sAtha =18

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zrI kRSNa ke yuddha kA citraNa nahIM kiyA hai jabaki sUra ne isa prasaMga ko manoyoga se varNita kiyA hai| sudAmA para zrI kRSNa kI kRpA : mahAkavi sUra ne zrI kRSNa kI dInabandhutA kA yaha prasaMga vizadatA se nirUpita kiyA hai| unake anusAra zrI kRSNa ke jIvana kI zuruAta meM hI sudAmA se mitratA ho gaI thii| vaha eka daridra brAhmaNa thA parantu zrI kRSNa apanI samasta prabhutA ko chor3akara usa sahapAThI se sahRdaya milate the| jaba balarAma ke sAtha zrI kRSNa ne guru sAMdIpani ke yahA~ vedoM, zAstroM, upaniSadoM va rAjanIti kI zikSA prApta ko , taka ke Azrama meM sudAmA nAma kA eka brAhmaNa kumAra bhI zikSA prApta kara rahA thaa| vahA~ zrI kRSNa kI mitratA usake sAtha ho gii| tadanantara sudAmA apanA gRhasthAzrama daridratA se gujAra rahe the| prAtaH uThakara bhikSA mA~gane jAte, taba kahIM unakA bhojana cltaa| yadi ve eka dina bhI bhikSA lene na jAte to unakA upavAsa hotA parantu ve bhagavAn kI bhakti meM tallIna rahate the| unakI patnI "suzIlA" apane nAma ke anurUpa suzIla, AjJAkArI evaM pativratA thii| usane zrI kRSNa kI udAratA ko sunA thA parantu saMkoca ke kAraNa vaha apane pati se yaha nahIM kaha pAtI ki Apa dInabandhu zrI kRSNa ke pAsa jaaeN| vaha hamezA yaha socA karatI thI ki kahIM AtmAbhimAnI sudAmA ke hRdaya meM coTa na laga jaay| lekina usake kaSToM kI sImA nahIM thii| ataH thakakara eka dina usane apane pati se yaha kaha hI diyA ki ve paramakRpAlu, dInabandhu, udArahRdaya apane sakhA zrI kRSNa ke pAsa kyoM nahIM jaate| dvArikA kahA~ dUra hai? kaMta sidhArau madhusudana pai, suniyata hai ve mIta tumhaare| bAlasakhA aru vipatti vibhaMjana, saMkaTa harana mukuMda muraare||60 sudAmA apanI daridratA ke kAraNa dvArikA-nareza zrI kRSNa ke pAsa jAne meM jhijhaka rahe the, phira bhI patnI kA Agraha mAnakara dvArikA jAne ko eka dina udyata ho hI gye| apane abhinna mitra ke pAsa khAlI hAtha jAne meM unheM zarma mahasUsa ho rahI thii| taba unakI patnI ne eka phaTe aMgoche meM thor3e se tandula bA~dhakara sudAmA ko zrI kRSNa ke pAsa bhejaa| - sudAmA vicAra karate, sakucAte, dvArikA kI ora cala pdd'e| unake mana meM kitanI hI kalpanAe~ A rahI thI ki maiM dIna-hIna vyakti zrI kRSNa se kaise mila pAU~gA? ve mujhe pahacAneMge yA nahIM? parantu sudAmA ko rAste meM acche zakuna ho rahe the| ve dekhate hI dekhate dvArikA pahu~ca gye| vahA~ zrI kRSNa kA patA pAnA kauna sA kaThina kAma thA? ve zIghra hI rAjadvAra para pahu~ca gaye pahu~cayo jAi rAjadvAri para kAhU~ nahiM attkaayau| ita uta cite pha~syo maMdira meM, hari ko darasana paayau||161

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zrI kRSNa usa samaya ArAma kara rahe the| sudAmA kA Agamana sunakara ve turanta hI daur3ate hue dvAra taka gaye evaM use aMka meM lekara bheMTa kii| zrI kRSNa ke A~khoM meM azru A gye| unhoMne AdarapUrvaka use apane siMhAsana para baitthaayaa| usase hAlacAla pUche tathA kahA ki-bhAbhI ne mere lie kyA bhejA hai? garIba sudAmA zrI kRSNa ke aizvarya ko dekhakara tandula kI poTalI chipAne lge| kRSNa ke mAnasa-paTala para guru-Azrama kI vaha ghaTanA taira AI jaba ve guru kI patnI kI AjJA se kucha lakar3I lene jaMgala pahuMce the tathA vahA~ pahu~cate hI A~dhI va barasAta ne sAre jaMgala ko ghera liyA thaa| sarvatra saghana aMdhakAra cha, gayA thaa| sArI rAta rAstA khojane para bhI nahIM milA thA, hAra kara ve eka vRkSa ke nIce khar3e hue the| prAta:kAla guru sAMdIpani vahA~ padhAre the tathA ve unheM ghara le gaye the| zrI kRSNa socane lage ki yadi usa dina merA yaha mitra sudAmA mere sAtha ma hotA to na jAne merI kyA dazA hotI? sudAmA ke kAraNa hI vaha kaSTadAyI rAtri kA samaya bIta sakA guru gRha hama jaba vana ko jaat| torata hamare badale lakarI, sahi saba dukha nija gAta / / eka divasa barasA bhaI bana maiM, rahi gae tAhI~ Thaura / prati upakAra kahA karo sUraja, bhAvata Apa bhuraar|162 isa prakAra guru-Azrama kI vigata ghaTanAoM ko yAda karate hue zrI kRSNa ne sudAmA kI bagala meM dabI cAvaloM kI poTalI ko jhapaTa liyaa| ve usa poTalI meM se muTThI bharabhara ke cAva se cAvala khAne lge| sudAmA kI prema bhAvanA se anurakta ye cAvala zrI kRSNa ko atyanta hI svAdiSTa laga rahe the| tadanantara kaI dinoM taka zrI kRSNa ne sudAmA ko apane yahA~ rkhaa| tatpazcAt sudAmA ne zrI kRSNa se vidAI lekara apane gRha ko gamana kiyaa| parantu unake mana meM eka hI TIsa thI ki zrI kRSNa ne merI dazA para kucha bhI vicAra nahIM kiyA? maiM apanI patnI ke Age kyA rakhUgA? aise vicAra karate-karate unakA hRdaya bhara AyA lekina unheM eka bAta kA pUrNa santoSa thA ki zrI kRSNa ne merA kitanA Adara-satkAra kiyaa| mujhe kitanA mAnasammAna diyA, kahA~ to maiM eka dIna-hIna aura kahA~ ve dvaarikaapti| parantu jaise hI sudAmA ghara lauTe to vahA~ mAno acAnaka una para bijalI girI ho, aisI dazA ho gii| kyoMki unakI jhopar3I kA nAmo-nizAna nahIM thaa| ve apanA sira dhunakara, hAtha maror3akara soca karane lage ki dvArikA jAnA bekAra huA, merI tanaka-maDaiyA rahI-sahI jhoMpar3I bhI gaI, aba kyA karU~? jhoMpar3I ke sthAna para sundara mahala ho gyaa| merI jhoMpar3I to yahIM thii| mudAmA maMdira dekhi ddryau| ihA~ huti merI tanaka maDaiyA, jAko napa Ani chryau| sIsa dhune daur3a, kara mIDeM, aMtara soca pryo||163 . 182=

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ve vicAra karane lage ki kahIM maiM dUsarI jagaha to nahIM A gayA yA phira bhUla vaza kailAsa para to nahIM pahuMca gyaa| unheM saMzaya hone lagA ki kahIM ve vApasa dvArikA to nahIM pahu~ca gye| isa prakAra sudAmA apane hI dvAra para khar3e apane kuTiyA ko khoja rahe haiN| bhakta-vatsala bhagavAn ne use saba kucha de diyA parantu unheM patA hI nahIM calA thA ki unhoMne kyA pAyA hai| (ka) hoM phiri bahuri dvArikA aayau| samujhi na parI mohiM mAraga kI, koi bujho na btaayau|| kahihaiM syAma sata ina chA~Dayau, uto rA~ka llcaayo|64 aba sudAmA ne zrI kRSNa kI asIma anukampA se saba kucha prApta kara liyA thaa| maNikaMcana kI dIvAroM se sajA sundara bhavana va dAsa-dAsiyoM ko dekara unheM aizvaryazAlI banA diyA thaa| ve apane vaibhava ke Age A~sU bharI A~kheM lie khar3e hI the ki itane meM unakI patnI unheM pahacAna gii| vaha turanta hI mahala se nIce Akara bar3e Adara ke sAtha apane pati ko andara le gii| sudAmA ko apanI badalI huI dazA dekhakara bar3A Azcarya huA tathA sAtha-sAtha meM prasannatA bhI huii| unhoMne zrI kRSNa ko lAkha-lAkha dhanyavAda diyaa| unakI patnI unase pUchane lagI ki-he svAmI Apa dvArikApati zrI kRSNa se kaise mile| isa para sudAmA ne sArA vRttAnta kaha sunAyA uThike dauri aMka bhAra lInhau, mili pUchI ita uta kuslaatii| paTatai chori lie kara taMdula, hari samIpa rukamiNI jahA~ tii||165 ' aba sudAmA ko lagane lagA ki hari ke binA kauna kisI kA dAridrya hara sakatA hai| dhanI puruSa to mere jaise dIna vyaktiyoM ko pahacAnane se bhI katarAte haiN| vipatti Ane para kuzala kSema bhI nahIM pUchate, sahAyatA kI bAta to dUra rhii| sudAmA kI A~khoM ke sAmane dvArikA ke ve dRzya Ane lage jaba zrI kRSNa ne apane kara-kamaloM se unake paira dhoe the| ve bar3e pyAra ke sAtha unase mile the| cupacApa mu~ha se kucha bhI na bolakara unheM saba kacha de diyA thaa| .. zrI kRSNa ke alAvA aisA kauna dInabandhu ho sakatA hai jo mere jaise garIba ko saba kucha de de| lekina sudAmA yaha kyA jAne ki zrI kRSNa ke Age prema kA mUlya hai, choTebar3e kA nhiiN| sUradAsa ne sudAmA-caritra ko do bAra varNita kiyA hai| eka bAra to yaha vistAra se ekavIsa padoM meM varNita hai jabaki dUsarI bAra meM mAtra eka pada meM yaha kathA AtI hai| isa prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa kI mahAnatA, dInabandhutA evaM saccI mitratA ke guNoM kA paricaya milatA hai| 1838

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zrImadbhAgavatAnusAra sUrasAgara meM nirUpita isa prasaMga ko harivaMzapurANa meM kahIM ullekha nahIM hai| jinasenAcArya ne zrI kRSNa ke zalAkApuruSa svarUpa ko hI viziSTa mahattva diyA hai| parantu unakI isa dInabandhutA kA paryApta mahattva hai ataH isa prasaMga kA ullekha karanA yahA~ paramAvazyaka thaa| zrI kRSNa kI dInabandhutA gokula vRMdAvana meM rahate gvAlabAloM ke sAtha khela-khelate, gAye-carAte, kalevA karate ityAdi prasaMgoM meM tathA kubjA para anukampA ke samaya dekhI jA sakatI hai| zrI kRSNa dvArA pANDavoM ko sahAyatA : sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa donoM hI granthoM meM zrI kRSNa dvArA pANDavoM ko pradAna kI gaI sahAyatA kA nirUpaNa milatA hai parantu yaha varNana paryApta bhinnatA para AdhArita hai| sUrasAgara meM kavi ne isa prasaMga ko sUtrarUpa meM varNita karane ke lie saMkSepa meM hI likhA hai| kRSNa dvArA rAjasUya yajJa meM jAnA, draupadI kI sahAyatA, mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM pANDavoM kI sahAyatA tathA pANDavoM kA rAjyAbhiSeka ityAdi prasaMgoM kA varNana mahAkavi sUra ne isa kathA-prasaMga ke mahattva ko bar3hAyA hai| sUrasAgara ke anusAra jisa samaya indraprastha nareza yudhiSThira ne rAjasUya yajJa ko prArambha kiyA usa samaya unake AmaMtraNa ko pAkara zrI kRSNa va balarAma nAnA prakAra ke upahAra lekara vahA~ gye| vahIM para zizupAla dvArA zrI kRSNa kI agrapUjA kA virodha kiyA gayA evaM yuddha ke lie udyata ho jAne para zrI kRSNa ne sudarzana cakra se usakA sira kaattaa| ... eka bAra kauravoM ne kapaTa dvArA pANDavoM ko harAne ke lie hastinApura meM jue kA Ayojana kiyaa| AmaMtraNa pAkara yudhiSThira sahita pA~coM pANDava vahA~ aae| yudhiSThira aura duryodhana juA~ khelane lge| kapaTa dvArA duryodhana pratyeka bAra jItatA gyaa| jue ke isa khela meM yudhiSThira apanA saba kucha hAra gyaa| rAja-pATa, dhana-daulata, naukara-cAkara, hAthI-ghor3e sabako hAra jAne ke bAda usane apanI patnI draupadI ko bhI bAjI para lagA diyaa| isako bhI ve hAra gye| isa para duHzAsana draupadI ko pakar3akara ghasITate hue rAjasabhA meM le AyA tathA usake vastrAharaNa karane lgaa| draupadI asahAya hokara zrI kRSNa se prArthanA karane lagI ki he murArI! aba merI lAja rkho| Aja isa sabhA meM bhISma pitAmaha, droNAcArya, kRpAcArya jaise mahAvIra, guru tathA aneka rAjA mahArAjA baiThe haiM parantu koI merI rakSA kI bAta nahIM krtaa| pANDava bhI nIce dekhakara baiThe haiN| bhIma ne apane hAtha se gadA chor3a dI hai, mahAn dhanurdhara arjuna bhI bebasa hai| he giradhArI ! merI prArthanA suno! maiM anAtha huuN| Apane pUrva meM bhI apane bhaktoM kI rakSA kI hai| maiM trAhi-trAhi kara rahI hU~, merI lAja rkho| lAja merI rAkho syAma hri| hA hA kari dropadI hArI, vilamba na karo ghrii| dussAna ati dArUna risa kari, kesana kari pkrii|

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duSTasabhA picAsa durajodhana, cAhata nagna krii| bhISma drona karana saba nirakhata, unatai mauna dhrii| aba maukauM dhari rahi na koU, eke Teka hri| jaya jayakAra bhayo tribhuvana maiM, jaba dropadI ubrii| sUradAsa prabhu siMha saranagati, syArahi kahA ddrii| draupadI kI karuNA bharI prArthanA sunakara zrI kRSNa ne usakI tatkAla sahAyatA kii| usake cIra ko itanA bar3hA diyA ki duHzAsana use khIMcatA-khIMcatA thaka gayA lekina draupadI ko nagna karane meM saphala na ho skaa| jisane zera kI zaraNa lI ho, usakA siyAra kyA bigAr3a sakatA hai? isa dRzya ko dekhakara duryodhana ko bar3A Azcarya huaa| vaha sira dhunane lagA tathA apane hAtha maror3ane lagA parantu vaha kyA kara sakatA thaa| jisa para karuNAmaya zrI kRSNa kI kRpA ho, usa dizA meM kauna dekha sakatA hai| usakI unhoMne avilamba sahAyatA kI hai| draupadI prasanna ho kahane lagI ki jo Aja zrI kRNa na hote to isa abalA kI lAja nahIM rhtii| parantu unhoMne samaya para merI rakSA kara apanI kIrti ko aura bhI bar3hA diyA hai| sUrasAgara meM draupadI-sahAya ke bhAva-pUrNa citra milate haiN| draupadI kI vyAkulatA, usakI prArthanA ityAdi ke 16 pada haiM jisameM zrI kRSNa dvArA usakI sahAyatA kA ullekha hai| tadantara jue~ meM hAra jAne ke bAda pANDavoM ko bAraha varSa kA vanavAsa evaM eka varSa kA ajJAta vAsa bhog2anA pdd'aa| pANDavoM kA yaha kAla jaba pUrNa hone AyA usa samaya zrI kRSNa va balarAma ajJAta vAsa meM raha rahe pANDavoM ke pAsa rAjA virATa ke yahA~ gye| virATa nagarI meM yudhiSThira ke hitaiSI rAjAoM ko zrI kRSNa ne saMgaThita kiyaa| zrI kRSNa ne eka sabhA bharakara duryodhana dvArA kapaTa meM harAkara yudhiSThira se rAjya lene kI bAta khii| isa para rAjAoM ne zrI kRSNa ko dUta ke rUpa meM hastinApura jAne kI bAta khii| zrI kRSNa : ne pANDavoM kA yaha dautya kArya svIkAra kara unameM zAMti sthApita karane hetu tathA bhAIyoM kA sauhArdra banAye rakhane hetu hastinApura gye| . bhae pAMDavani ke hari dUta, gae jahA~ kauravapati dhuut|166 / / - unhoMne rAjasabhA meM jAkara dhRtarASTra se kahA ki--pANDuputra pANDava kuzalapUrvaka haiM, unhoMne apanA kuzalakSema evaM daMDavata sunAyA hai| maiM ApameM zAMti kI sthApanA kI prArthanA ke lie AyA huuN| nyAyAnusAra Apa inheM apanA AdhA rAjya de dIjiye parantu isameM bhI Apako koI bAdhA ho to Apa unheM kevala pA~ca grAma hI de dIjie, ve Apake hI kulavaMza ke haiN| pA~ca gAU pA~cau janani kirapA kari diijai| ye tumhAre kula-vaMsa hai hamarI suni liijai||167

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Apa Apasa meM saMdhi kara diijiye| yaha saMdhi Apake va mere hAtha meM hai| kaurava Apake adhIna hai evaM pANDava mere adhIna haiN| zrI kRSNa kI isa bAta para dhRtarASTra putra duryodhana ne unase kahA ki maiM apane jIvita rahate hue pANDavoM ko bhUmi kA itanA aMza bhI nahIM dUMgA jisameM bArIka sUI bhI samA ske| __ isa para zrI kRSNa ne duryodhana ko phaTakArA ki terI yaha kAmanA kabhI pUrNa nahIM hogii| tU kapaTa vyavahAra kara rahA hai| lekina duryodhana apanI haTha para DaTA rahA evaM usane zrI kRSNa ko kaida karane kI yojanA bnaaii| tadanantara zrI kRSNa ne apanA virATa svarUpa btlaayaa| sArI sabhA meM sannATA chA gyaa| tatpazcAt unhoMne apanI adbhuta lIlA ko sameTa liyA evaM pANDavoM ke pAsa lauTa aaye| zrI kRSNa ke dUta kArya meM bhI mahAkavi sUra ne unakI dInabandhutA kA eka prasaMga varNita kiyA hai ki-zrI kRSNa ne hastinApura meM duryodhana ke mahaloM ko chor3akara vidura ke yahA~ binA bulAye jAkara usakA Atithya svIkAra kiyaa| vidura ne saMkocavaza kahA kimahArAja Apake lAyaka mere ghara meM bhojana nahIM hai| parantu hari ne isa para ha~sa kara kahA ki mujhe to sAga patra bhI bahuta priya hai, usake samAna amRta bhI nahIM hai| mujhe to vahI khilA do| dekhiye sUra ke zabdoM meM vidura ke ghara bhojana grahaNa karane kA prasaMga- : prabhu jU tuma hI aNtryaamii| tuma lAyaka bhojana nahiM gRha meM, maiM arU nahIM gRha svaamii| hari kahayau sAga patra mohi ati priya, amrita tA sama naahiiN| bArabAra sarAti sUra prabhu, sAga vidura ghara khaahiiN||60 zrI kRSNa bhAva ke bhUkhe the| unheM duryodhana ke ghara kA mevA nahIM cAhie thA kyoMki usameM bhAva kA abhAva thaa| _ pANDavoM ke lauTane para zrI kRSNa ne sabhI bAta btaaii| aba kauravoM tathA pANDavoM ke bIca yuddha nizcita ho gyaa| yuddha se pUrva arjuna evaM duryodhana zrI kRSNa ke pAsa yuddha kA nimaMtraNa lekara gye| zrI kRSNa ne eka ora apanI nArAyaNI senA kara dI tathA svayaM Ayudha na grahaNa karane kA vacana dekara dUsarI ora ho gye| arjuna ne niHzastra zrI kRSNa ko svIkAra kara liyaa| jaba duryodhana ne nArAyaNI senA tathA niHzastrahari kI bAta bhISma pitAmaha se kahI to unhoMne yaha pratijJA kI ki maiM yuddha meM zrI kRSNa ko astragrahaNa karavA kara hI rahU~gA nijapura Ai rAi bhISma so kahI jo bAteM hari ucrii| sUradAsa bhISma paratijJA astra gavahAvana paija krii||169 mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM zrI kRSNa arjuna ke sArathI bne| unhoMne pANDavoM ko bhayaMkara kaSToM se bcaayaa| zrI kRSNa ne ghor3oM kI sevA kI tathA unheM pAnI taka pilaayaa|

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yuddha ke prArambha meM apane vipakSa meM apane hI bandhu-bAndhavoM ko dekhakara arjuna yuddha se vimukha ho gyaa| isa para zrI kRSNa ne use gItA kA upadeza sunAkara yuddha meM pravRtta kiyaa| gItA kA upadeza zrI kRSNa kI jJAna-garimA kA pratIka hai| tadanantara yuddha prArambha ho gyaa| pANDavoM kI senA ne kauravoM kI senA meM bhagadar3I macA dii| kaurava yoddhA hatAza ho yuddha ke maidAna se lauTane lge| __kauravoM kI durdazA dekhakara eka dina bhISma pitAmaha ne apanI pratijJAnusAra duryodhana se kahA ki agara Aja maiM zrI kRSNa ko zastra grahaNa na karAU~ to mujhe gaMgA mA~ kI saugaMdha hai tathA maiM rAjA zAntanu kA putra nhiiN| unhoMne usa dina bhayaMkara yuddha kiyaa| bANoM kI varSA hone lgii| pArtha apane astitva ko bhUlane lgaa| rudhira kI nadiyA~ bahane lgiiN| pANDavoM ke dala meM hatAzA dekhakara zrI kRSNa ne arjuna ko bhISma se yuddha karane ko protsAhita kiyA parantu vaha bhISma ke vAra ko roka nahIM paayaa| isa para zrI kRSNa ne sudarzana cakra kA smaraNa kiyaa| govinda kopi cakra kara liinhauN| ratha te utarI avani Atura hai, cale carana atidhaae|| manu saMcita bhU bhAra utArana capala bhae akulaae|170 ve sudarzana cakra lekara bhISma kI ora jhptte| usa samaya ve bhala gaye ki unhoMne yuddha se pUrva yaha vacana liyA thA ki-"maiM hathiyAra dhAraNa nahIM kruuNgaa|" bhISma vicalita nahIM hue| unhoMne kahA ki agara maiM Apake hAthoM mArA gayA to paraloka jaauuNgaa| arjuna ne daur3a kara zrI kRSNa ko zAMta kiyA ki ApakI pratijJA bhaMga ho jaayegii| maiM saugaMdha khAkara kahatA hU~ ki maiM kauravoM kA aMta kara ddaaluuNgaa| Apa apane krodha ko zAMta kiijiye| isa prakAra arjuna kI zapatha para zrI kRSNa kA roSa zAMta huaa| tadanantara mahAbhArata ke isa bhISaNa saMgrAma meM zrI kRSNa kI salAha anusAra pANDavoM ne kauravoM ko mAra girAyA tathA isa yuddha meM vijayazrI kA varaNa kiyaa| tatpazcAt zrI kRSNa hastinApura gaye, vahA~ unhoMne yudhiSThira kA rAjyAbhiSeka krvaayaa| gAndhArI tathA dhRtarASTra ko unhoMne samajhAyA ki tumhAre putroM ke anyAya ke kAraNa mahAbhArata kA yaha vinAzakArI yuddha huaa| aba bhArata meM punaH zAMti sthApita ho skegii| dhRtarASTra va gAndhArI ne vairAgya dhAraNa kara vana ko gamana kiyaa| taduparAnta vyAsamuni vahA~ Aye tathA unhoMne yudhiSThira se azvamegha yajJa karane ko khaa| bAda meM zrI kRSNa ko yajJa meM dIkSA grahaNa karavA kara yajJAnuSThAna ko pUrNa krvaayaa| isa prakAra pANDavoM ko vijaya dilavAkara, yudhiSThira kA rAjyAbhiSeka karavA kara evaM unake azvamegha ko pUrNa kara zrI kRSNa dvArikA lautte| sUrasAgara varNita yaha kathA zrImadbhAgavata kathAnusAra hI hai| isa kathA varNana meM sUra kA mana nahIM ramA hai| kevala zrI kRSNa kI bhaktavatsalatA ke prasaMgoM ko ullekhita karane hetu unhoMne isa kathA ko - -

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saMketa rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| sUrasAgara meM varNita ina prasaMgoM meM draupadI-sahAya, pANDavoM kA dUta kArya, vidura-gRha bhojana, arjuna duryodhana kA zrI kRSNa gRhagamana, bhISma-pratijJA, pANDavoM ke lie cakradhAraNa tathA pANDavoM kA rAjyAbhiSeka ityAdi vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| sUra ne svaya isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki mahAbhArata meM isa kathA kA vistAra hai parantu maiM zrI kRSNa kI bhakta-vatsalatA kA hI varNana karU~gA, jo unakI samasta kathA kA sAra hai| bhArata mAhi kathA yaha vistRta, kahata hoi vistaar| .. sUra bhakta-vatsalatA varanau, sarva kathA ko saar||71 sUrasAgara ke isa prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa ke mahAna rAjanItijJa, kUTanItijJa evaM viziSTa AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA paricaya milatA hai| yadyapi sUra ne isa kathA ko saMkSepa meM hI nirUpita kiyA hai parantu unakA kathA pravAha gatizIla rahA hai| digambara jainAcArya jinasena ne bhI zrI kRSNa dvArA pANDavoM kI sahAyatA kA citraNa kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa ke paiMtAlIsaveM sarga meM pANDavoM tathA kauravoM ke vaMza kA varNana milatA hai| taduparAnta kavi ne kauravoM-pANDavoM ke rAjya kA baMTavArA, kauravoM kI pANDavoM se IrSyA, unake ghara meM Aga lagAne kA prayAsa, yudhiSThira kA kusumakomalA tathA vasantasundarI se vivAha ityAdi prasaMgoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| . . - kavi ne sarvaprathama kauravoM va pANDavoM kI vaMzAtpAtta batAkara tathA unake rAjya ke vaibhava kA varNana kara isa kathA ko Age bar3hAyA hai| purANakAra ke anusAra rAjya ke baMTavAre ke pazcAt zakuni ke kahane para duryodhana ne yudhiSThira ko jue khelane hetu nimaMtrita kiyA tathA vaha yudhiSThira se jue meM jIta gyaa| hAra ke kSobha ke kAraNa pANDava vahA~ se chipakara bAraha varSa kI lambI avadhi hetu rAjyapATa chor3a hastinApura se bAhara nikala gye| jisa prakAra cA~danI candramA kI anugAmI hotI hai usI taraha draupadI bhI apane pati arjuna ke pIche-pIche gii| ve eka ke bAda dUsare vana meM gaye tathA vahA~ sthita aneka rAkSasoM ko yuddha meM mAra girAyA tatpazcAt unhoMne virATa nareza ke yahA~ ajJAtavAsa meM rahanA svIkAra kiyaa| vahA~ draupadI ke adbhuta saundarya ko dekhakara vikacA kA putra kIcaka usake moha meM ba~dha gyaa| usake dvArA dhRSTatA karane para bhIma ne draupadI kA veza dhAraNa kara use mukkoM ke prahAra se cUra-cUra kara diyaa| vArIbandhamivAyAtaM sparzAndhaM gndhvaarnnm| kaNThe jagrAha bAhubhyAM sprshaamiilitlocnaam|| bhUmau nipAtya pAdAbhyAmurasyAkramya kaaminm| pipeSa muSTinirghAtairnirghAtairiva bhuudhrm||172 46/34-15

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tadanantara kIcaka ko vairAgya utpanna ho gayA, usane jainadharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| isa prakAra ajJAtavAsa pUrNa hone ke pazcAt pANDava punaH hastinApura Aye tathA vahA~ sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| tataH pUritasarvAzAH srvaathaamRtvrssinnH| te'pyUnuSpadamatyuccaiH prAvRSeNyA ivAmbudAH // 173 47-4 tadanantara duryodhana punaH pANDavoM se IrSyA karane lgaa| saMdhi meM doSa utpanna hone para bhIma, arjuna, Adi bhAI kauravoM ke viruddha uttejita hone lage parantu yudhiSThira ne unheM zAMta kiyaa| pANDava kabhI bhI kauravoM kA ahita nahIM cAhate the| ataH unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnI ko chor3a kara mAtA, bhAI evaM parivAra ke sAtha dakSiNa dizA ko prayANa kiyaa| calate-calate ve vindhyavana pahuMce, jahA~ unhoMne mahAtmA vidura kI stuti kI tathA unase AzIrvAda prApta kiyaa| tatpazcAt ve dvArikA phuNce| yAdavoM ne pANDavoM ke Agamana para unakA bhavya svAgata kiyaa| samudravijaya Adi dazoM bhAiyoM ne apanI bahina tathA bhAnajoM ko bahuta samaya ke bAda dekhakara paramaharSa kI prApti kii| neminAtha, kRSNa ityAdi bhI bahuta santuSTa hue|74 ___ tadanantara zrI kRSNa ne unake rahane ke lie pRthak-pRthak pA~ca mahala pradAna kiye| bhogopabhoga kI saba sAmagrI yukta ina mahaloM meM ve sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| vahA~ yudhiSThira ne lakSmImatI, bhIma ne zeSavatI, arjuna ne subhadrA, sahadeva ne vijayA tathA nakula ne rati nAmaka kanyA ko prApta kiyaa| jisa samaya jarAsaMdha ne dvArikA para AkramaNa kiyA usa samaya pANDava zrI kRSNa kI tarapha se yuddha meM zAmila hue| kaurava jarAsaMdha ke pakSa meM the| donoM senAoM ke bIca bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| zrI kRSNa dvArA yaha nirNAyaka yuddha jItane para pANDavoM ko unhoMne hastinApura kA rAjya diyaa| tatpazcAt pANDavoM ne zrI kRSNa se vidA lekara hastinApura ko prayANa kiyaa| (ka) zrIhAstinapuraM prItyA pANDavebhyaH priyaM hri| kozalaM rukmanAmAya rudhiraatmjsuunve||7553/46 . . (kha) visRSTAzca yathAsthAnaM yAtAste paannddvaadyH| - AremurdvArikAyAM tu yAdavAstridazA ythaa||17653/48 pANDavoM ne apane rAjya meM sukhadAyaka va surAja kA saMcAlana kiyA jisase deza ke sabhI varga evaM sabhI Azrama Ananda ke sAtha rahane lge| uparyukta vivecanAnusAra jinasenAcArya ne harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa dvArA pANDavoM kI sahAyatA kA jo varNana kiyA hai - sUrasAgara se sarvathA bhinna hai| kauravoM kI pANDavoM se IrSyA, juA khelanA, virATa ?Na ke yahA~ ajJAtavAsa ityAdi kucha ghaTanAoM

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meM sAmya hai parantu pANDavoM kA ajJAtavAsa ke pazcAt punaH hastinApura jAnA, kauravoM kI IrSyA se dvArikA- gamana, dvArikA para jarAsaMdha kA yuddha, vahA~ kauravoM kA jarAsaMdha ke pakSa meM tathA pANDavoM kA zrI kRSNa ke pakSa meM yuddha meM zAmila honA, zrI kRSNa dvArA jarAsaMdhavadha, duryodhana kA vairAgya evaM dIkSA grahaNa ityAdi aneka prasaMga kavi kI maulikatA para AdhArita hai| isake alAvA jinasenAcArya ne draupadI ke pA~ca pati hone kI bAta svIkAra nahIM kI hai| unhoMne spaSTa likhA hai ki draupadI arjuna kI strI thii| usameM yudhiSThira tathA bhIma kI bahU jaisI buddhi thI tathA sahadeva evaM nakUla use mAtA ke samAna mAnate the| .. . snuSAbuddhirabhUdasyAM jyesstthyorrjunstriyaam| ... draupadyAM yamalasyApi maatriivaanuvrtnm||17746-150 jue ke samaya yudhiSThira apanA rAja-pATa evaM draupadI ko nahIM hArA thaa| na hI duHzAsana ne draupadI ke vastraharaNa kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| pANDava kisI zarta ke anusAra vana ko nahIM gaye the varan hAra ke kSobha ke kAraNa unhoMne yaha kRtya kiyA thaa| harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra pANDavoM ne ajJAtavAsa ke pazcAt punaH apane rAjya ko prApta kiyA thaa| kauravoM tathA pANDavoM ke bIca IrSyA-dveSa thA parantu unhoMne Apasa meM yuddha nahIM kiyA varan jarAsaMdha zrI kRSNa ke bIca yuddha meM unhoMne bhAga liyA thaa| isa prakAra yaha samasta prasaMga sUrasAgara se bhinna dRSTikoNa para AdhArita hai| - donoM kaviyoM ko apanI vizAla paramparA virAsata meM milI hai| ve isa paramparAnusAra zrI kRSNa caritra kA varNana karate cale haiN| sUrasAgara meM mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM kRSNa kI bhUmikA kA jo varNana milatA hai, usameM hameM unake kUTanItijJa tathA gItA ke upadeza ke samaya AdhyAtmika puruSa ke darzana haiM, jisakA harivaMzapurANa meM maryApta abhAva hai| purANakAra ne mahAbhArata ke yuddha ko bhI svIkAra na kara isa prasaMga ko navIna rUpa pradAna kiyA hai jo zrI kRSNa ke nauveM nArAyaNa tathA zalAkApuruSa kA dyotaka hai| jarAsaMdha-vadha : zrI kRSNa dvArA kiye gaye parAkramoM meM jarAsaMdha-vadha kA ullekha milatA hai| sUrasAgara ke anusAra jarAsaMdha ne apanI kanyAoM kA vivAha kaMsa ke sAtha kiyA thaa| jaba jarAsaMdha ne zrI kRSNa dvArA kaMsa ko mArane kA samAcAra sunA, taba usane zrI kRSNa ko mArane ke lie kaI bAra yAdavoM para AkramaNa kiye| udhara indraprastha nareza yudhiSThira ne jaba rAjasUya yajJa ke lie zrI kRSNa se salAha pUchI taba unhoMne batAyA ki jaba taka jarAsaMdha kA vadha nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka rAjasUya yajJa nirvighna pUrNa nahIM ho sktaa| jarAsaMdha usa samaya kA mahAna pratApI vIra samrATa thA, jisane saikar3oM rAjAoM para vijaya prApta kara unheM kaida kara liyA thaa|

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tatpazcAt jarAsaMdha ko mArane ke lie zrI kRSNa, bhIma va arjuna ne brAhmaNa kA veza dhAraNa kiyA tathA jarAsaMdha ke dvAra para jAkara usase dvandva yuddha maaNgaa| jarAsaMdha ne yaha bAta svIkAra kara lii| yadyapi usane zrI kRSNa ke kapaTa ko jAna liyA thA, tathApi apane vacana ke lie usane bhIma ke sAtha gadA yuddha svIkAra kiyaa| bhIma tathA jarAsaMdha ke bIca sattAIsa dinoM taka bhayaMkara gadAyuddha calA parantu koI kisI ko parAjita na kara skaa| anta meM zrI kRSNa ne eka tinake ko cIrakara bhIma ko izArA kiyaa| taba bhIma ne jarAsaMdha ko cIrakara usake do Tukar3e kara diye| syAma tRna cIri dikharAi diyau bhIma ko, bhIma taba haraSi tAko pchaaryau| jarA jarAsaMdha kI saMdhi jorayau huto, bhIma tA saMdhi ko cIri ddaaryo||178 tadanantara zrI kRSNa ne samasta rAjAoM ko mukta kiyA jo jarAsaMdha ke yahA~ kaida the| unhoMne sahadeva ko vahA~ kA rAjya sauMpA tathA ve punaH indraprastha lauTa aaye| digambara jainAcArya jinasena ne bhI zrI kRSNa dvArA jarAsaMdha vadha kA ullekha kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra jaba zrI kRSNa ne kaMsa kA vadha kara diyaa| usa samaya apanI putrI jIvayazA ke vilApa ko sunakara jarAsaMdha apane bhAI aparAjita ko zrI kRSNa ke sAtha saMgrAma karane bhejaa| parantu yaha zrI kRSNa ke hAthoM mArA gyaa| isa para jarAsaMdha ne krodhita ho yAdavoM para AkramaNa kiyaa| usa samaya samasta yAdava paraspara maMtraNA kara pazcima dizA ko prayANa kara cuke the| jarAsaMdha ne yAdavoM kA pIchA kiyA lekina eka devI ke chala kapaTa se vaha samasta yAdavoM kA nAza mAnakara apane sthAna lauTa aayaa| tatpazcAt zrI kRSNa ne dvArikA ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| isa kathA kA ullekha. hama pichale pRSThoM meM kara cuke haiN| / tadanantara eka dina jarAsaMdha ko jaba isa bAta kI jAnakArI milI kI zrI kRSNa kA nAza nahIM huA hai varan ve to dvArikA meM rAja sukha prApta kara rahe haiM taba usane punaH dvArikA para car3hAI kii| vaha vizAla senA lekara gayA jisameM aneka rAjA, mahArAjA zAmila the| usane dvArikA ko cAroM ora se ghera liyaa| vaha yAdavoM se kahane lagA ki maiMne ApakA kyA aniSTa kiyA hai, jisase bhayabhIta ho tuma samudra ke madhya basa gye| isa para zrI kRSNa kupita ho gye| donoM ora bhayaMkara yuddha Arambha ho gyaa| hAthI-hAthiyoM ke sAtha, ghor3e-ghor3oM ke sAtha, ratha-rathoM ke sAtha tathA paidala-paidaloM ke sAtha yuddha karane lge| gajA gajaiH samaM lagnAsturaMgAsturagaiH sh|| rathA rathaiH samaM yoddhaM pattayaH pattibhiH sh||17951-16

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yuddha meM donoM ora se aneka vyUhoM kI racanA kI gii| donoM senAe~ paraspara ekadUsare para ghAta karane ke lie udyata ho gii| zrI kRSNa ne jarAsaMdha se kahA ki aba maiM cakravartI utpanna ho gayA hU~ isalie Aja se tU mere zAsana meM rh| .. parantu jarAsaMdha ne unakI eka na maanii| vaha zrI kRSNa ko cakra calAne ke lie lalakArane lge| isa para mahAna vIra cakravatI zrI kRSNa ne apanA cakra ratna ghumAkara usakI ora phaiMkA evaM usane tatkAla hI jAkara jarAsaMdha kI vakSaHsthala rUpI bhitti ko bheda DAlA ityukte kupitazcakrI cakraM prabhrAmya so'mct| bhUbhRtastena gatvAraM vkssobhittirbhidyt||18052-83 isa prakAra nauveM nArAyaNa vAsudeva zrI kRSNa ne kSaNa bhara meM apane prativAsudeva jarAsaMdha kA vadha kara ddaalaa| tadanantara jarAsaMdha kI samasta senA zrI kRSNa kI AjJAkAriNI ho gii| rAjA duryodhana, droNa, duHzAsana Adi ne saMsAra se virakta ho munirAja vidura se jinadIkSA dhAraNa kii| tatpazcAt samasta rAjA-mahArAjAoM ne atizaya prasiddha zrI kRSNa ko ardha bharatakSetra ke svAmitva para abhiSikta kiyaa| uparyukta vivecanAnusAra harivaMzapurANa meM varNita yaha prasaMga sUrasAgara se sarvathA bhinna hai| kaMsa kA jarAsaMdha kA dAmAda honA evaM kaMsa-vadha para jarAsaMdha dvArA yAdavoM para AkramaNa meM donoM grantha sahamata haiN| zrI kRSNa ko nauvA~ nArAyaNa tathA vAsudeva siddha karane ke lie harivaMzapurANakAra ne isa prasaMga ko vizada tathA navya svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai, jisakA sUrasAgara meM abhAva hai| ___ jinasenAcArya ne zrI kRSNa evaM jarAsaMdha ke yuddha ko eka nirNAyaka yuddha batalAyA hai sUrasAgara meM jarAsaMdha kA vadha kRSNa kI salAha para bhIma karate haiM jabaki harivaMzapurANa meM jarAsaMdha kA vadha zrI kRSNa ke hAthoM cakra dvArA hotA hai| jinasenAcArya ne yuddha-varNana meM sundara citra aMkita kie hai| subhaToM kI veza-bhUSA, astra-zastra, yuddha meM prayukta vyUha racanA tathA aneka aura vIroM kI vIratA kA varNana kara kavi ne isa prasaMga kI mahattA ko aura bar3hA diyA hai| zrI kRSNa kA nArAyaNa svarUpa : vallabhAcArya ke puSTimArga meM zrI kRSNa ko parabrahma mAnA gayA hai| mahAkavi sUra ne apane hitya meM kaI sthAnoM para zrI kRSNa ke isa svarUpa ko citrita kiyA hai| unake anusAra brahmA tathA zaMkara bhI usa brahma ke mAhAtmya ko nahIM samajha pAye haiN| zruti, Agama, nigama jisake guNoM kA pAra nahIM pA sake, vahI saccidAnaMda parabrahma bAla-kRSNa ke svarUpa meM mA~ yazodA kI godI meM khela rahA hai|

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pUrana brahma bakhAnai, caturAnana siva anta na jaane| gunaguna agama nigama nahiM pAvai, tA~hi jasodA goda khilaavai||181 vaise sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa kI laukika-lIlAoM kI hI pradhAnatA rahI hai parantu kavi ne bIca-bIca meM unake isa svarUpa kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| sUra ke anusAra zrI kRSNa hI saguNa va nirguNa donoM svarUpa hai| nirguNa svarUpa meM vaha guNAtIta, ajara, amara, avinAzI, avigata evaM agocara hai to saguNa svarUpa meM yahI brahma lIlAdhArI, rAdhAvara, kuMjabihArI evaM dAmodara hai| saguNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karane ke lie hI unhoMne braja meM avatAra liyA hai| unakI mAyA adbhuta hai Adi niraMjana nirAkAra, koU huto na duusr| racau sRSTi vistAra bhaI, icchA ika ausr||82 zrI kRSNa hI apanI lIlA vistAra ke lie jar3a-cetana meM pariNita hote haiM tathA svayaM avatarita hote haiN| yahI prakRSTa puruSottama avinAzI evaM sabhI prANiyoM kI AtmA hai| jagata meM jo dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha saba unhIM kA aMza hai| Adi sanAtana parabrahma prabhu ghaTa-ghaTa antryaamii| so tumharai avatarai Ani kai sUradAsa ke svaamii||183 . parabrahma ne hI krIDA karane kI icchA se vRndAvana, kuMjalatA, govardhana parvata, gopikAoM ityAdi kA pariNamana kiyA hai aura vaha brahma zrI kRSNa hai| zrI kRSNa ke virATa svarUpa kA varNana karate hue sUra ne likhA hai ki pAtAla unake caraNa, AkAza unakA sira hai tathA sUrya, candra, nakSatra evaM pAvaka sabhI usI se prakAzita ho rahe haiN| nainani nirakhi syAma svruup| .. rahyau ghaTa-ghaTa vyApi soi, joti rUpa anuup| carana sarana pAtAla joka, sIsa hai aakaas| sUra candra nakSatra pAvaka sarva tAsu prkaas||84 itanA hI nahIM zrI kRSNa syAma hari manasA vAcA karmaNA agocara rUpa hai| netroM se unheM dekhA nahIM jA sktaa| unake saguNa rUpa ko samajhanA atyanta hI kaThina hai| isI brahma kI stuti karate sUrasAgara meM nArada muni kahate haiM ki he paramAtmA! tumhIM aja ho, anaMta ho, tumhAre jaisA Iza anya koI nahIM hai, tumhIM anupama hari ho taba nArada hasi kahayau, sunau tribhuvana pati raaii| tuma devani ke deva deta ho mohi~ bdd'aaii|| vidhi mahesa sevata tumheM maiM bapurA kihiM maahiN| kahai tumheM prabhu devatA yA maiM acaraja naahiN||185

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parabrahma zrI kRSNa ne bhakta hetu avatAra dhAraNa kiyA hai| ye hI nArAyaNa, hRSIkeza, govinda aura kezava haiM, ye hI sabake prabhu aura Izvara haiM / sUrasAgara meM parabrahma sacidAnaMdaghanasvarUpa ke caubIsa avatAroM kA saMkSepa meM varNana milatA hai, jinameM zrI kRSNa kA lokaraMjanakArI avatAra mahattvapUrNa hai| ye hI Adi niraMjana aura nirAkAra haiM, jinhoMne isa sRSTi kA nirmANa kiyA hai| sUradAsa jI ke vinaya ke padoM meM zrI kRSNa ke parabrahma evaM nArAyaNa rUpa kA vizeSa varNana huA hai| yahI paramAtmA AkAza, vAyu, agni, jala tathA pRthvI ke nirmANa-kartA haiN| ye hI samasta prANiyoM ke agraja aura jJAniyoM kI paramagati hai| zrI kRSNa hI jagata ke sRSTikartA, saMhArakartA evaM samasta kAraNoM ke kAraNa haiN| sRSTi kA pralayarUpa anAdi anaMta kAlacakra zrI kRSNa kA hI svarUpa hai jinakI zeSa, maheza Adi devatA bhI stuti karate haiM alakha niraMjana nirAkAra acyuta avinaashii| sevata jAhi~ mahesa sesa, sura mAyA daasii||186. isa prakAra sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa ko parabrahma paramAtmA ke svarUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaise purANoM meM jisa rUpa meM zrI kRSNa kA nArAyaNa rUpa citrita huA hai vaisA varNana sUrasAgara meM nahIM milatA hai parantu zrI kRSNa kI samasta alaukikatA meM unakA yahI rUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai| itanA hone ke uparAnta bhI sUra kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne zrI kRSNa ke caritra ko eka navIna mor3a dekara mAnava ke ati nikaTa lAyA hai| harivaMzapurANa : sUrasAgara kI bhA~ti harivaMzapurANa meM bhI zrI kRSNa ke nArAyaNa svarUpa ke darzana hote haiN| purANakAra ke anusAra zrI kRSNa nauveM nArAyaNa the| jaba zrI kRSNa jarAsaMdha ke sAtha yuddha kara rahe the, usa samaya AkAzavANI huI thI ki zrI kRSNa nauveM-nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue haiN| vyogni dundubhayo nedurptnpusspvRssttyH| navamo vAsudevo'yamiti devA jgustdaa||18752-67 zrI kRSNa dvArA isI svarUpa ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa ve jarAsaMdha ko jIta ske| unake isa kRtya para aneka vidyAdharoM ne nArAyaNa-bhakti se prerita hokara nAnA prakAra se upahAra lekara unako bheTa pradAna kI tathA namaskAra kiyaa| nArAyaNa dvArA unake satkAra para vidyAdharoM ne apanA janma saphala maanaa| zrI kRSNa ne apane nArAyaNa svarUpa meM jarAsaMdha ko hI nahIM varan deva, asura aura sampUrNa dakSiNa bharata kSetra jiitaa| purANakAra ke anusAra unhoMne jItane yogya sabhI rAjAoM ko jItakara koTika zilA kI ora gaye, jise unhoMne sAta nArAyaNoM se cAra aMgula Upara utthaayaa| usa vizAla zilA ko uThAne se zrI kRSNa ke zArIrika bala kI jAnakArI sabhI ko mila gii|

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zilAbalena vijJAto mahAkAyabalo blaiH| so'nuyAto yayau cakrI, dvArikAM prtibaandhvaiH||853-40 zrI kRSNa ke isa kRtya se samasta rAjAoM tathA vidyAdharoM ne unheM ardhabharata kSetra ke svAmitva para abhiSikta kiyaa| unake pAsa zatruoM kA mukha na dekhane vAlA sudarzanacakra, apane zabda se zatrupakSa ko kampita karane vAlA zArGga dhanuSa, saunandaka khaDga, kaumudI gadA, zatruoM para kabhI vyartha nahIM jAne vAlI amoghamUlA zakti, pAMcajanya zaMkha aura vizAla pratApa ko prakaTa karane vAlI kaustubha maNi tathA zaMkha ke cihna se cihnita sAta ratna the, jo zrI kRSNa ke nArAyaNa rUpa ke dyotaka the| harivaMzapurANa meM varNita zrI kRSNa kA yaha nArAyaNa svarUpa unake Izvaratva kA paricAyaka nahIM hai| yaha unake zalAkApuruSa kA paricAyaka hai jisake saMyoga se hI ve tIna khaNDa pRthvI ke adhIzvara ardha cakravartI the| jainagranthoM meM zalAkApuruSa ko divya puruSa kahA gayA hai| zalAkApuruSoM kA Azaya mahAzaktizAlI puruSoM se hai jinakI saMkhyA tiresaTha hai jinameM caubIsa tIrthaMkara, bAraha cakravartI, nau nArAyaNa, nau pratinArAyaNa tathA nau baladeva hote haiN| zrI kRSNa inhIM tiresaThaM zalAkApuruSoM meM nauveM nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM varNita hue haiN| samIkSA : isa prakAra mahAkavi sUra evaM jinasenAcArya donoM ne zrI kRSNa ke nArAyaNa svarUpa kA citraNa kiyA hai parantu usake dRSTikoNa meM paryApta bhinnatA rahI hai| sUrasAgara ke anusAra zrI kRSNa parabrahma nArAyaNa svarUpa hai jabaki harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra ve zalAkApuruSa ke dyotaka hai| parantu zrI kRSNa kI alaukikatA evaM divya guNoM kA donoM kaviyoM ne ullekha kiyA hai, jo unakI mahAnatA kA spaSTa paricAyaka hai| yAdavoM kA vinAza :- zrI kRSNa kA janma jisa yAdavakula meM huA thaa| usa kula ke vinAza kI kathA bhI bar3I rocaka hai jise sUradAsajI kI apekSA jinasenAcArya ne vistAra se nirUpita kI hai| .. vaiSNava paramparA ke anusAra mahAbhArata yuddha kI samApti ke pazcAt eka bAra maharSi vyAsa, vizvAmitra, kaNva tathA nAradamuni dvArikA gye| vahA~ yAdavoM ne pUrNa parihAsa ke sAtha vyavahAra kiyA jisase RSiyoM ne krodhita hokara zApa diyA ki-zrI kRSNa kA putra sAmba lohe kA eka mUsala paidA karegA jisase vRSNi aura aMdhakavaMza kA vinAza hogaa| usase tuma zrI kRSNa aura balarAma ke sivAya sabhI apane Apa kA vinAza kara ddaaleNge| dUsare dina sAmba ne eka mUsala ko janma diyA, jise ugrasena kI AjJA se kUTavAkara cUrNa karavAkara samudra meM DAla diyA tathA sabhI ko madirA sevana kI manAhI kI gii| yAdava / apane saMkaTa kA nivAraNa cAhate the parantu dvArikA meM bhayaMkara utpAta hone lge| zrI kRSNa

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ne sabhI yAdavoM ko tIrthATana kI salAha dI tathA prabhAsa-kSetra jAne kA khaa| taba sabhI aMdhaka va vRSThiNa vaMzI apane sAtha bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke madya-mA~sa taiyAra karavAkara patniyoM ke sAtha prabhAsa tIrtha meM rahane lge| eka dina una logoM ne vahA~ madirApAna kiyaa| madirA ke mada se unmatta ho yaduvaMzI sAtyaki, aMdhakavaMzI katavarmA kA upahAsa karane lage tathA yAdava eka-dUsare para vAk-bANa calAne lge| vahA~ krodhita ho sAtyaki ne kRtavarmA kA sira kATa ddaalaa| aba to Apasa meM yuddha chir3a gyaa| eka-dUsare para ve prahAra karane lge| isa bhayaMkara ApasI saMhAra meM mAtra vabhra dAruka va zrI kRSNa hI bce| zrI kRSNa ne balarAma ko khojA to ve eka vRkSa ke nIce ekAMta meM dhyAna kara rahe the| zrI kRSNa ne balarAma jI ko vahA~ dekhakara dAruka ko arjuna ko sUcanA dene ke lie kurudeza bhejA tathA vabhra se dvArikA jAkara striyoM kI rakSA karane ko kahA parantu eka vyAdha ke bANa se vabhra kA prANAnta ho gyaa| isa para balarAma ko vahIM biThAkara zrI kRSNa dvArikA gaye tathA vasudeva jI se kahA ki arjuna ke Ane kI pratIkSA karate hue kula kI striyoM kI rakSA kreN| taduparAnta caraNa-sparza kara unhoMne kahA ki aba yAdava vihIna dvArikA meM rahanA kaThina hai ataH ve balarAma ke pAsa jAkara tapasyA kreNge| vahA~ se zrI kRSNa balarAma ke pAsa Aye taba ve yogAsana kI samAdhi meM baiThe the| unhoMne dekhA to unake mukha se eka zveta vizAlakAya sarpa nikalakara mahAsAgara kI ora gayA evaM vahA~ apane pUrNarUpa ko tyAga kara sahasroM mastakoM vAlA ho gayA hai| yaha dekhakara zrI kRSNa ne balarAma ke paramadhAma ko jAne kA soca liyaa| sUrasAgara meM varNita yAdavoM ke vinAza para arjuna dvArA dvArikA jAne kA prasaMga draSTavya hai| yaha kahi pAratha hari pura ge| sunyau sakala yAdava chai bhe|| arjuna sunata naina jala dhaar| parayau dharani para khAi pchaar|| taba dAruka saMdeza sunaayau| kahyau hari jU jo gItA gaayau|| AcArya jinasena ne apanI kRti harivaMzapurANa meM isa prasaMga ko vizadatA se varNita kiyA hai| yAdavoM ke vinAza kI yaha ghaTanA dvArikA dhvaMza nAmaka prasaMga meM uddhRta hai| zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI ariSTanemi ne jaina-dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| eka bAra ve giranAra parvata para samavasaraNa ko suzobhita karane ke lie tthhre| vahA~ Aye baladevajI ne dvArikA ke nAza ke bAre meM unase pUchA, taba neminAtha ne unase kahA ki yaha purI bArahaveM varSa meM madirA ke nimitta dvaipAyanamuni ke dvArA krodha vaza bhasma hogii| aMtima samaya meM zrI kRSNa kauzAmbI vana meM zayana kareMge aura jaratkumAra unake vinAza meM kAraNa bnegaa| - - 3 - -

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tatpazcAt baladevajI ne dvArikA meM praveza kara madyapAna ko banda karane kI ghoSaNA krvaaii| sabhI logoM ne madirA ko zilAoM ke bIca bane hue kuNDa se yukta kAdamba giri kI guhA meM DAla diyaa| bahuta se loga vinAza kI bAta suna parigraha kA tyAga kara tapovana ko cale gye| dvArikA meM rahane vAle bhI vrata, upavAsa, pUjA Adi satkAryoM meM saMlagna rahane lge| eka bAra dvaipAyana RSi dvArikA aaye| ve dvArikA ke bAhara eka parvata ke nikaTa mArga meM AtApana yoga dhAraNa kara pratimAyoga se virAjamAna ho gye| usI samaya vana krIr3A ko Aye evaM pyAsa se thake zamba Adi kumAroM ne kadamba vana ke kuNDoM meM sthita zarAba ko pI liyaa| zarAba ke naze meM ve lar3akhar3Ate nAcane lge| jaba ve nagara kI ora gaye tathA vahA~ mArga meM unhoMne dvaipAyana RSi ko dekhaa| unheM dekhakara ve socane lage ki yahI dvArikA ke nAza kA kAraNa hogaa| Aja yaha hamAre Age se kahA~ jAyegA? aisA socakara una para nirdayatA se patthara mAra-mAra kara unheM ghAyala kara diyaa| muni krodha kI adhikatA se apane hoTha Dasane lage tathA apane tapa se unheM naSTa karane ke lie unhoMne apanI bhRkuTi car3hA dii| kumAroM ke pAsa se uparyukta ghaTanA suna kara zrI kRSNa va balarAma muni kA krodha zAnta karane ke lie unake pAsa daudd'e| unhoMne muni ke pAsa Akara kSamAyAcanA kI parantu ve apane nizcaya se pIche nahIM htte| RSi ne apanI do aMguliyA~ batAkara izAre se spaSTa kiyA ki tuma donoM kA chuTakArA ho sakatA hai, anya kA nhiiN| baladeva va zrI kRSNa dvArikA kA kSaya nizcita jAna nagara meM aaye| tatpazcAt dvaipAyana muni marakara, agnikumAra nAmaka bhavanavAsI deva hue| usane dvArikA meM utpAta zuru kiye| vaha deva sArI nagarI ko jalAne lagA tathA samasta vRddha, strI, bAlaka, pazu-pakSiyoM ko pakar3a kara agni meM phaiMkane lgaa| sArI pRthvI para una prANiyoM kI cillAhaTa sunAI par3ane lgii| divya agni ke dvArA sampUrNa nagara jalane lgaa| balarAma va zrI kRSNa nagara ke koTa ko phor3akara samudra ke pravAha se agni ko bujhAne lage parantu unakA prayAsa asaphala thaa| isa para ve apane mAtA-pitA tathA bahuta se logoM ko lekara nagara ke bAhara jAne lage parantu usa deva ne kahA ki tuma donoM ke sivAya koI bAhara nahIM jA sktaa| vRddhajanoM ne apanA vinAza nizcita jAna una donoM bhAIyoM ko duHkhI mana se vidA kiyaa| tataH pitrA ca mAtRbhyAM putrau yaatmitiiritau| vinizcityopasaMhAramAtmIyamiti duHkhibhiH||18961/87 tAnprazAmya gatau dInau duHkhitau duHkhpiidd'itaam| prapatpa pAdayoryAtau guruvAkyakarau purH||19061/89

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jvAlAoM ke samUha se mahala jala rahe the. zrI kRSNa va palarAma usa dRzya ko dekhakara bahuta dera taka rote rahe tathA tadanantara dakSiNa dizA kI ora tle| usa deva ne bAlaka, strI, pazu evaM vRddhajanoM se vyApta tathA aneka dvAroM se zobhAyamAna dvArikA nagara ko chaha mAsa meM bhasma kara naSTa kara ddaalaa| isa prakAra dvArikA ke vinAza ke sAtha samasta yAdava-vaMza kA nAza ho gyaa| zrI kRSNa kA paramadhAma gamana : yAdavoM ke vinAza ke bAda bace hue zrI kRSNa va balarAma bhI kAla gati ke anusAra paramadhAma ko sidhaare| donoM kRtiyoM meM isa prasaMga ko bhI pUrva-prasaMgoM kI bhA~ti kucha bhinnatA ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA hai| sUrasAgara meM isa prasaMga kA spaSTa evaM vistRta varNana nahIM milatA hai parantu kavi ne yAdavoM ke nAza evaM zrI kRSNa ke paramadhAma gamana ke pazcAt zrI kRSNa vihIna dvArikA kA hRdaya vidAraka varNana kiyA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA ke anusAra jaba zrI kRSNa ne dekhA ki balarAma jI paramadhAma cale gaye haiM, taba ve socate-vicArate, vana meM ghUmane lge| ve eka vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara atIta kI ghaTanAoM, gAndhArI ke zApa, jhUThI khIra ko zarIra meM lagAne ke samaya durvAsA dvArA kahI gaI bAteM, aMdhakavRSNi va kurukula ke vinAza ke sambandha meM socane lage tathA ve apanI indriyoM kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha karane lge| . usa samaya usa vana meM jarA nAmaka vyAdha mRgoM kA zikAra karane aayaa| usane per3a ke nIce baiThe zrI kRSNa ko mRga samajhakara una para bANa maaraa| bANa zrI kRSNa ke paira ke talave meM lagA, usase ve ghAyala ho gye| vyAdha daur3akara zrI kRSNa ke caraNoM meM gira pdd'aa| isa para zrI kRSNa ne use AzvAsana diyA aura apane paramadhAma ko cale gye| sUrasAgara meM harivihIna dvArikA ko dekhakara arjuna kI mano-vyathA kA sundara citraNa milatA hai| hari binu ko puravai mo svAratha? mIDaMta hAtha sIsa dhuni Dhorata-rudana karata nRpa paarth| thaki hasta carana gati thAki aru thAkyo puruSAratha // 191 taba arjuna punaH hastinApura jAte haiN| usa samaya pANDava unase dvArikA ke samAcAra pUchate haiM, taba arjuna unase kahate haiM ki sabhI yAdava Apasa meM lar3akara mara gaye haiM aura zrI kRSNa bhI paramadhAma gamana kara gaye haiN| zrI kRSNa ke binA aba hama anAtha ho gaye haiN| arjuna kahyau sabai lari mue| hari binu saba anAtha hama hue| taba arjuna nainani jala ddaari| - - 198=

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rAjA so kahyau vacana ucaari|| suraja prabhu vaikuMTha sidhaare| jina hamare saba kAja sNvaare||192 isa prakAra sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa ke paramadhAma gamana ke prasaMga kA sUra ne mAtra saMketa kara ise saMkSepa meM varNita kiyA hai, jo bhAgavatAnusAra hai| harivaMzapurANa meM AcArya jinasena ne isa prasaMga ko savistAra svarUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai jo vaiSNava paramparA se bhinna hai| ___ dvArikA ke jala jAne ke pazrAt jana baladeva va vasudeva nagara se bAhara nikala gaye taba ve pANDavoM kA lakSya lekara dakSiNa dizA meM calane lge| mArga meM ve hastavajra nagara phuNce| vahA~ zrI kRSNa to udyAna meM Thahara gaye aura baladeva saMketa kara vastra se apanA samasta zarIra Dhakakara annapAnI lene ke lie nagara meM praviSTa hue| nagara kA rAjA acchadanta dhRtarASTra ke vaMza kA thaa| vaha yAdavoM ke chidra DhU~Dhane vAlA thaa| use jaba balarAma kA mAlUma huA to usane unakA vadha karane ke lie samasta senA ko bheja diyaa| nagara ke dvAra para bar3I senA ko dekhakara baladeva ne saMketa se zrI kRSNa ko bulaayaa| donoM bhAIyoM ne apane parAkrama se caturaMga senA ko mAra bhgaayaa| tadanantara anna-jala lekara vana meM gaye evaM vizrAma ke bAda ve antastha durgama kozAmba nAmaka bhayaMkara vana meM praviSTa hue| . usa vana meM bhayaMkara garmI thI, grISma ke ugra saMtApa se vAyu asahya thii| zrI kRSNa ne isa para baladeva se kahA ki maiM pyAsa se vyAkula hU~, mere oTha va tAlu sUkha gaye haiM , ataH merI tRSNA ko dUra karane vAlA zItala jala mujhe pilaaie| zrI kRSNa ko vahIM baiThAkara baladeva jI sarovara se pAnI lene gye| zrI kRSNa eka vRkSa kI saghana chAyA meM pahu~ce tathA vahA~ komala vastra se zarIra ko Dhakakara mRdu mRttikA se yukta pRthvI para so gye| apanI thakAna ko dUra karane ke lie unhoMne apane bAyeM ghuTane para dAhinA pA~va rakhakara kSaNa bhara isa prakAra se vizrAma karane kI socii| udhara jaratkumAra jo zrI kRSNa kA choTA bhAI thA, vaha isa bhaviSyavANI se ki tumhAre hAtha se tumhAre bhAI zrI kRSNa kI mRtyu hogI, usa vikaTa vana meM calA AyA thaa| usane jaba zrI kRSNa ke vastra ke chora ko vAyu se hilate dekhA to bhrAMtivaza use mRga samajhakara tIkSNa bANa mArA, jisase zrI kRSNa kA paira viMdha gyaa| padatala ke viddha hote hI zrI kRSNa sahasA uTha baitthe| jaratkumAra turanta vahA~ aayaa| jaba usane yaha dekhA ki ye to zrI kRSNa haiM taba vaha turaMta apane dhanuSa bANa chor3a unake caraNoM meM gira pdd'aa| vaha mahAzokaM karane lgaa| isa para zrI kRSNa ne use zAMta kiyA tathA kahA ki bar3e bhAI balarAma pAnI lene gaye haiN| jaba taka ve nahIM Ate taba taka tuma zIghra cale jaao| unhoMne kahA ki tuma jAo tathA pANDavoM se yaha samAcAra kaha sunAo evaM pahacAna ke lie D1998

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yaha kaustubha maNi lekara jaao| isa para jaratkumAra vahA~ se cala diyaa| taduparAnta zrI kRSNa pRthvI-zayyA para so gye| ___kucha samaya bAda baladeva jI zItala jala lekara vega se zrI kRSNa ke pAsa Aye rAste meM unheM apazakuna hone lge| zrI kRSNa ko dekhakara ve ekadama cIkha pdd'e| unheM mUrchA A gii| sacetana hone para unhoMne dekhA ki unake paira meM kisI ne tIkSNa bANa mArA hai| isa para ve kupita ho gye| unhoMne siMhanAda kiyA ki kisane mere choTe bhAI ko akAraNa mArA hai, mere sAmane aaye| parantu unheM koI nahIM dikhaa| ve santApa karane lage unhoMne zrI kRSNa ke zava ko uThA liyA evaM AkulatA ke sAtha vana meM ghUmate rhe| .. ityenakadinarAtriyApanaiH so'tytndritmnovcovpH| pratyahaM hari vapurvahan bhraman pratyapadyata ratiM na kAnane // 19363/44 udhara jaratkumAra zrI kRSNa kI AjJAnusAra pANDavoM kI sabhA meM gyaa| vahA~ usane rote hue sampUrNa vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| samasta pANDava apane parivArajanoM va senA ke sAtha zIghratA se usa vana meM Aye vahA~ unhoMne baladeva ko prApta kiyaa| unhoMne baladeva se zrI kRSNa ke dAha saMskAra kI prArthanA kI parantu baladeva jI ne kRSNa kA mRta zarIra nahIM diyA varan una para krodha kiyaa| danantara bahuta samajhAne para chaH mAha pazcAt baladava ne tuMgIgiri ke zikhara para zrI kRSNa kA dAha saMskAra kiyaa| unhoMne neminAtha jinendra se dIkSA grahaNa kara lI evaM cirakAla taka ghora tapa kiyaa| ityazeSitaparISahAriNA sIriNA vissydosshaarinnaa| abhyatapyata tapo'tihAriNA jainsccrnnbhuuvihaarinnaa||19463/114 samIkSA : uparyukta prakAra se donoM kRtiyoM meM yaha prasaMga nirUpita huA hai parantu sUrasAgara meM jahA~ isa prasaMga kA kavi ne saMketa mAtra kiyA hai, vahA~ harivaMzapurANakAra ne isa prasaMga ko vistRta svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa ke bAsaThaveM evaM tirasaThaveM sarga meM zrI kRSNa ke paramadhAmagamana evaM balarAma ke tapa-siddhatva grahaNa karane kA varNana milatA hai| jinasenAcArya ne isa prasaMga meM apanI maulika udbhAvanAoM kA samAveza kara sampUrNa ghaTanA kA navya rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| vaiSNava paramparA meM jahA~ balarAma jI kA zrI kRSNa se pahale paramadhAma gamana kA ullekha milatA hai, vahA~ harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa kA balarAma se pahale paramadhAmagamana batAkara baladeva jI dvArA jaina dIkSA grahaNa kara tapa karane kA kahA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM dvArikA jalane para zrI kRSNa va baladeva kA hastavajra nagara meM jAnA, vahA~ kI senA ko parAkrama dvArA parAjita karanA, tatpazcAt kauzAmba vana meM jAnA, zrI kRSNa - 200

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kI pyAsa evaM baladeva dvArA pAnI lene jAnA, baladeva kA pazcAttApa, pANDavoM ke Ane para zrI kRSNa kA dAha saMskAra, baladeva jI kI dIkSA evaM tapa ityAdi sabhI prasaMga jinasenAcArya kI maulikatA ke pratIka haiN| itanA saba hote hue bhI donoM hI paramparAoM meM zrI kRSNa kA vadha eka vyAdha dvArA unake talave meM bANa lagane se batAyA hai, jo donoM kI ekarUpatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| sUrasAgara kI apekSA harivaMzapurANa meM isa ghaTanA kA jo navIna rUpa milatA hai, usase yaha prasaMga vistRta ho gayA hai| | TippaNiyA~ : 1. sUrasAgara pada saM0 622 - pR0 257-58 2. sUrasAgara pada saM0 626 - pR0 260 3. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/20 - pR0 450 4. . harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/21-25 - pR0 450-451 5. sUrasAgara pada saM0 644 - pR0 267 sUrasAgara pada saM0 651 - pR0 271 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/35-36 - pR0 452 sUrasAgara pada saM0 661, - pR0 276 9. sUrasAgara pada saM0 707 - pR0 292 10. . sUrasAgara pada saM0 712 - pU0 293 11. sUrasAgara pada saM0 713 - pR0 293 12. sUrasAgara pada saM0 798 - pR0 321 13. . sUrasAgara pada saM0 793 - pR0 320 14. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/34 - pR0 452 15. sUrasAgara pada saM0 812 - pR0 327 16. sUrasAgara pada saM0 668 - pR0 278 17. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/42 - pR0 453 18. kRSNopaniSad - subodhinI TIkA - pR0 10-11 19. madhyakAlIna kRSNa kAvya meM nirUpita jIvana mUlya - "bhAvanA zukla" - pR0 5. 20. .sUrasAgara pada saM0 677 - pR0 281 21.. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/41 - pR0 453 22... sUrasAgara pada saM0 680 - pR0 282 2016 - -

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23. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/44 - pR0 453 24. kRSNopaniSad-subodhinI TIkA - pR0 10-11 25. siddhAntaleza - 10/717 26. siddhAnataleza - 10/717 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/47 - pR0 453 28. sUrasAgara pada saM0 898 - pR0 355 29. sUrasAgara pada saM0 997 - pR0 386 30. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/45 - pR0 453 31. bhAgavata purANa sarga 10 - zloka 9 32. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1086 - pR0 421 33. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1097 - pR0 424 34. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/50-51 - pR0 454 35. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/55-56 - pR0 455 36. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1194 - pR0 423 37. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1153-54 - pR0 444-45 38. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1170 - pR0 449 39. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/7-8 - pR0 460 40. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1175 - pR0 45 41. kRSNa kathA koza - DaoN0 rAmacaraNa gaur3a - pR0 157 42. zrImad bhagavada gItA - adhyAya 2/62 / / 43. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1429 se 1487 - pR0 542-66 / / 44. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1448 - pR0 548 45. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1488 - pR0 572 46. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/48 - pR0 454 zrImad bhAgavata kathA - zrI DoMgare mahArAja - pR0 117 48. zrImad bhAgavata - 10/17 . 49. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1212 - pR0 471 50. subodhinI - TIkA 10-24/232 51. (DaoN0 harIza zukla se maukhika - vArtAlApa) 52. "sUradAsa aura narasI mehatA" (tulanAtmaka adhyayana) - DaoN0 bhramaralAla jozI - pR0 86 53. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1616 - pR0 606

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54. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1621 - pR0 607 55. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1628 - pR0 609 56. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1641 - pR0 613 57. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1654 - pR0 617 58. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1651 - pR0 616 59. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1724 - pR0 641 60. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/65-66 - pR0 456 subodhinI TIkA - 10/26 62. kalyANa-'zaktivizeSAGka' - pR0 186 63. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2017 - pR0 746 64. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2067 - pR0 761 65. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2968 - pR0 761 66. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2046 - pR0 754 . 67. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2022 - pR0 748 68. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2024 - pR0 748 69. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2025 - pR0 748 70. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2128 - pR0 784 71. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2098 - pR0 773 72. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2108 - pR0 776 73. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2136 - pR0 786 74. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2164 - pR0 794 75. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2167 - pR0 795 76. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2171 - pR0 796 77. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2172 - pR0 796 78. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2209 - pR0 807 79. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2233 - pR0 814 80. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2057 - pR0 827 81. sUra ke kRSNa eka anuzIlana - zazi tivArI - pR0 83 82. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3449 - pR0 1123 83. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3462 - pR0 1131 '84. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3459 - pR0 1129

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85. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1386 - pR0 525 86. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1391 - pR0 526 87. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1417 - pR0 536 sUradAsa - DaoN0 brajezvara zarmA - pR0 279 sUra ke kRSNa - eka anuzIlana - zazi tivArI - pR0 72 90. zrImad bhagavad gItA adhyAya - 3 - zloka 35 tathA 18/97 91. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3489 - pR0 1141 92. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3488 - pR0 1141 93. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3499 - pR0 1145 94. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3492 - pR0 1143 95. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3578 - pR0 1187 96. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3587 - pR0 1189 97. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/13 - pR0 461 98. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/29-30 - pR0 463 99. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3044 - pR0 1208 100. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3671 - pR0 1210 101. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3669 - pR0 1209 102. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3675 - pR0 1211 103. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3684 - pR0 1215 104. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/32-33 - pR0 464 105. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3072 - pR0 1217 106. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/42-43 - pR0 465 107. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3700 - pR0 1221 108. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/45 - pR0 465 109. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3705 - pR0 1223 110. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/51 - pR0 466 111. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3737 - pR0 1233 112. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3736 - pR0 1233 113. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3737 - pR0 1233 114. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3973 - pR0 1289 115. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3997 - pR0 1294 ==2048

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116. sUra kI jhA~kI - DaoN0 satyendra - pR0 171 117. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4177 - pR0 1338 118. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4107 - pR0 1320 119. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4718 - pR0 1479 120. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4777 - pR0 1494 121. "sUradAsa" - AcArya rAmacandra zukla - pR0 122. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4164 - pR0 1498 123. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/71 - pR0 469 124. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/73 - pR0 470 125. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4782 - pR0 1497 126. zrImad bhAgavata purANa 10/52 127. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 40/43 128. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 41/33 se 35 - pR0 501 129. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 41/36 se 37 - pR0 501 130. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4788 - pR0 1500 131. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4791 - pR0 1501 132. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4801 - pR0 1503 133. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4803 - pR0 1504 134. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 42/45-48 - pR0 507 135. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 42/60-63 - pR0 508 136. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 42/92-93 - pR0 511 137. noTa :- zrI kRSNa dvArA 'zizupAla vadha' prasaMga ko hama Age ke pRSThoM meM ullekhita kareMge ataH yahA~ isakA mAtra saMketa diyA hai| 138. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4810 - pR0 1512-13 139. sUrasAgara paMda saM0 4812 - pR0 1515 140. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4829 - pR0 1527 141. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4813 - pR0 1517 142. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/61 - pR0 468 143. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/16 - pR0 534 144. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/23 - pR0 534 145. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/30 - pR0 535 =2058 - -

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146. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/36 - pR0 535 147. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/42 - pR0 536 148. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/48 - pR0 536 149. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4808 - pR0 1511 * 150. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4808 - pR0 1512 151. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4815 - pR0 1518 152. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 47/58 - pR0 561 153-a. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 47/133 va 135 - pR0 567 ba. zrImad bhagavata 60-70 154. tato bhISmaH zAntavo buddhyA nizcitya viiryvaan| amanyata tadA kRSNamahaNIyatamaM bhuvi|| mahAbhArata 2/36-27 155. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4838 - pR0 1532 156. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4840 - pR0 1534 157. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4841 - pR0 1534 158. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 42 / 81-82 - pR0 510 159. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 42/94-95 - pR0 511 160. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4845 - pR0 1537 161. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4846 - pR0 1537 162. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4850 - pR0 1538 163. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4854 - pR0 1539 164. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4857 - pR0 1540 165. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4859 - pR0 1541 166. sUrasAgara pada saM0 236 - pR0 77 167. sUrasAgara pada saM0 236 - pR0 77 168. sUrasAgara pada saM0 241 169. sUrasAgara pada saM0 268 170. sUrasAgara pada saM0 273 - pR0 88 171. sUrasAgara pada saM0 267 - pR0 83 172. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 46/34-35 - pR0 553 173. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 47/4 - pR0 557 174. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 47/10-14 - pR0 558

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175. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 53/46 - pR0 607 176. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 53/48 - pR0 607 177. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 45/150 - pR0 549 178. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4217 - pR0 1531 179. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 51/16 - pR0 594 180. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 52/83 - pR0 602 181. sUrasAgara pada saM0 - pR0 182. sUrasAgara pada saM0 621 - pR0 183. sUrasAgara pada saM0 - pR0 184. sUrasAgara pada saM0 373 - pR0 126 185. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4210 - pR0 1527 186. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4210 - pR0 1527 187. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 52/67 - pR0 601 188. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 53/41 - pR0 606 189. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 61/87 - pR0 760 190. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 61/89 - pR0 760 191. sUrasAgara pada saM0 - pR0 192. sUrasAgara pada saM0 - pR0 193. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 63/44 - pR0 774 194. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 63/114 - pR0 783 65. 207==

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harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara meM darzana janasenAcAryakRta harivaMzapurANa Ara sUrasAgara kI sAhityika pRSThabhUmi para vicAra kara lene ke bAda donoM Alocya kRtiyoM meM varNita dArzanika pakSa para vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| AcArya jinasena ne apanI kRti meM na kevala zrI kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA hI samAveza kiyA hai varan harivaMza ke aneka mahApuruSoM ke caritra ko bhI nirUpita kiyA hai| unakA mUla uddezya una mahApuruSoM ke lIlAgAna ke sAtha jaina-siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana kA rahA hai| ataH harivaMzapurANa meM jaina-darzana kA sundara maNi-kAMcana samAveza milatA hai| sUrasAgara kI racanA kA hetu dArzanika siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa kI apekSA zrI kRSNa kI madhura lIlAoM kA gAna rahA hai| parantu sUra eka mahAna bhakta evaM aise sampradAya se jur3e the jo bhAratIya-darzana kI vizeSa cintana dhArA se sambandhita thaa| ataH bhakti ke sAtha dArzanikasiddhAntoM se jur3A hone ke kAraNa unakA sUrasAgara bhI utkRSTa dArzanika siddhAntoM se bharA par3A hai| harivaMzapurANa AcArya jinasena digambara jaina-sampradAya se jur3e eka muni the| unhoMne apanI kRti meM usI sampradAya ke siddhAntoM kA tAttvika vivecana kiyA hai| hama jinasenAcArya ke dArzanika mata ko pratipAdita karane kA prayAsa kreNge| jaina-dharma : "jaina" zabda "jina" se binA hai| jina kA artha hai ki "jisane mana, vANI aura kAyA ko jIta liyA hai|" isa dharma kA AcaraNa karane vaalaa-jain| "jina" mahAtmAoM ko tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAtA hai| "jaina-zAsana" saMsAra-rUpI nadI ko pAra karane kA kinArA hai, tIrtha hai evaM use bA~dhane vaale-tiirthNkr| jaina paramparA meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara mAne jAte haiM, jinameM pahale tIrthaMkara "RSabha deva" tathA caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara "mahAvIra svAmI" ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| jaina-dharma meM do paMtha haiM-eka to zvetAmbara evaM dUsarA digmbr| "zvetAmbara" arthAt jo zveta vastra ko dhAraNa karate haiN| jo dizAoM rUpI vastra ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM, ve "digambara" kahalAte haiN| ina donoM paMthoM meM kucha tAttvika bheda hone ke bAvajUda bhI ahiMsA, saMyama ityAdi mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM para ve eka haiN|

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jaina-darzana : jainadarzana kA mUla siddhAnta hai ki samasta saMsArI du:khI haiM evaM ve isa du:kha se chuTakArA cAhate haiM, parantu unheM sampUrNa mokSa kA mArga jJAta na hone ke kAraNa ve du:khoM se chUTa nahIM paate| jainAgamoM meM isI siddhAnta ke AdhAra para mokSa mArga batalAyA brAhmaNa athavA vaidika dharma sAdhanA meM karma, upAsanA tathA "jJAna" kA krama svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| bauddha dharma meM vaidika dharma se milatA-julatA zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJA kA krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jaina dharma meM darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kA krama apanAyA gayA hai jise triratna kahate haiN| mUla rUpa se jaina-darzana meM samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna evaM samyagcAritra kI ekatA hI mokSa kA mArga hai| jinasenAcArya ne apanI prasiddha kRti harivaMzapurANa meM isI mokSa mArga ko siddhAnta aura cintanAnusAra vizleSita kiyA hai| vaise ye tInoM ratna ghaniSThatA ke sAtha eka dUsare para avalaMbita haiM, parantu tattva-cintana kI dRSTi se inake pramukha tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| prathama hama jainAgamoM ke isI mokSa-mArga "triratna" para saMkSipta meM vicAra kareMge, jise harivaMzapurANa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| taduparAnta sUrasAgara kI dArzanikatA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se ise ullekhita kreNge| samyagdarzana :- .. ___jainadarzana ke triratna meM samyagdarzana ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahA~ darzana kA artha hai-zAstra-vacanoM meM (Agamagrantha evaM tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza) zraddhA honaa| isI kAraNa AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke prArambha meM hI aisI dharma-zraddhA kI paramAvazyakatA hotI hai| isake abhAva meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa avarodhita ho jAtA hai| jJAna prApti kI icchA kA udaya bhI isI darzana (zraddhA) meM samAhita hai| samyagdarzana ko aneka jaina granthoM meM kaI prakAra se paribhASita kiyA hai| "jIva- ajIvAdi tattvArthoM kI saccI zraddhA kA nAma hI samyagdarzana hai|"2 sacce deva, zAstra, guru kI zraddhA hI samyagdarzana hai| Atma-zraddhA hI samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzana sambandhita paribhASAe~ zAbdika dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna haiM, parantu gaharAI se dekhA jAe to pratIta hotA hai ki ina sabakA mUla-bhAva eka hI hai| mAtra paribhASita karane kA DhaMga bhinna-bhinna hai-maMjila sabakI eka hai| harivaMzapurANa meM jaina darzana kI mUla mAnyatA kA sundara samanvaya dekhane ko milatA hai| jinasenAcArya ke anusAra jIvAdi sAta tattvoM kA nirmala tathA zaMkA Adi antaraMga maloM ke sambandha se rahita zraddhAna karanA hI samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzanamatreSTaM tttvshrddhaanmujjvlm| vypoddhsNshyaadyntrnishshessmlsngkrm|| 2036

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___ yaha samyagdarzana moharUpI andhakAra ke kSaya, upazama tathA kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai| yaha kSAyika Adi ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA tathA nisargaja evaM adhigamaja ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa-ye sAta tattva haiM, inakA apane-apane lakSaNoM se zraddhA karanA Avazyaka hai| tccdrshnmohaandhkssyopshmmishrjm| kSAyikAdyaM tridhA dvadhA nisrgaadhigmtvtH|| jIvAjIvAlavA bandhasaMvarau nirjarA tthaa| . mokSazca sapta tattvAni zraddheyAni svlkssnnaiH|| isa prakAra mokSa mArga meM samyagdarzana sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha mukti mahala kA prathama sopAna hai| isake binA jJAna aura cAritra kA samyak honA sambhava nahIM hai| jisa prakAra se bIja ke binA vRkSa kI utpatti, sthiti, vRddhi aura phalAgama sambhava nahIM hai isI prakAra samyagdarzana ke binA samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra kI utpatti, sthiti, vRddhi aura phalAgama (mokSa) honA sambhava nahIM hai| samyagdarzana hI dharma kA mUla hai, jo isase bhraSTa hai usako mukti kI prApti honA sambhava nahIM hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra samyagdarzana hI prANiyoM kA hitakArI hai, isI ke AdhAra para atIta meM mahApuruSa mokSa meM gaye haiM aura bhaviSya meM jaayeNge| yahI samyagdarzana kA sarvazreSTha mAhAtmya hai| isake sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki prANiyoM, kA jagata meM samyagdarzana ke samAna hitakArI aura mithyA darzana kI bhA~ti ahitakArI koI anya nahIM hai| __jaina darzana ke isI saMdarbha meM sAta tattvoM kA vivecana milatA hai| harivaMzapurANa ne inhIM sAta tattvoM kA tAtvika-vizleSaNa kiyA hai jise hama Age ke pRSThoM meM dekheNge| samyagjJAna : ___ jaina-darzana meM ullekhita triratnoM meM samyagdarzana ke pazcAt dUsarA sthAna samyagjJAna ko milatA hai| jJAna, AtmA kA guNa hai, jAnanA usakA paryAya arthAt kArya hai| jo samyagdarzana se yukta jJAna hai, vahI samyagjJAna hai evaM jo mithyA darzana se yukta jJAna hai, vaha mithyA jnyaan| jJAna kA samyak aura mithyApana kA nirNaya laukika viSayoM kI sAmAnya jAnakArI kI saccAI para AdhArita na hokara samyagdarzana evaM mithyAdarzana kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para hotA hai| samyaktva ke dvArA samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ho jAne para mokSa mArga para bar3hane ke lie dUsarI sAdhanA jJAnopAsanA hai| samyakdarzana se jina tattvoM meM zraddhAna utpanna huA hai unakI vidhivat jAnakArI prApta karanA jJAna hai| darzana aura jJAna meM yaha bheda hai ki darzana kA kSetra antaraMga hai jabaki jJAna kA kSetra bhirNg| darzana AtmA kI sattA kA bhAva karatA hai aura jJAna bAhya padArthoM kA bodha utpanna karatA hai| donoM meM paraspara kAraNa aura kArya kA sambandha hai| samyakjJAna kI aneka paribhASAe~ jainAgamoM meM upalabdha hotI hai, jisameM katipaya dRSTavya hai 210

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(1) jisa prakAra se jIvAdi padArtha avasthita hai, usa prakAra se unakA jAnanA samyagjJAna (2) jo jJAnaM vastu ke svarUpa ko nyUnatArahita, adhikatA rahita, viparItatA rahita jaisA kA taisA, sandeha rahita jAnatA hai, use samyagjJAna kahate haiM / 11 (3) AtmA aura anAtmA kA saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita jJAna hI samyagjJAna hai|12 (4) AtmA ke svarUpa ko jAnanA hI samyagdarzana hai|13 (5) jIvAdi sapta tattvoM kA saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita jJAna hI samyagjJAna paraspara viruddha aneka koTi ko sparza karane vAle ko saMzaya kahate haiN| jaise--vaha sIpa hai yA cA~dI? viparyaya, eka koTi ke nizcaya karane vAle jJAna ko viparyaya kahate haiN| jaise sIpa ko cA~dI jAna lenaa| yaha kyA hai? yA kucha hai? kevala itanA aruci aura anirNayapUrvaka jAnane ko anadhyavasAya kahate haiN| jaise--AtmA kucha hogaa|5 - isa bhA~ti samyagjJAna kI aneka paribhASAe~ milatI haiM parantu ina saba meM tAttvika dRSTikoNa se ekarUpatA hai| unheM alaga-alaga DhaMga se likhane ke kAraNa yaha anekarUpatA dikhAI detI hai| saba paribhASAoM kA eka hI sAra hai ki mokSa mArga meM prayojana bhUta jIvAdi padArthoM ko vizeSakara AtmA tattva kA saMzaya, viparyaya evaM adhyavasAya rahita jJAna hI samyagjJAna hai| laukika padArthoM ke jJAna se isakA koI prayojana nahIM hai| - darzana aura jJAna yaha prakAra ke jIvoM kA svabhAva dharma hai| yahA~ darzana sAmAnya jJAna mukhyataH pA~ca prakAra hai(1) jo indriyoM dvArA milatA hai vaha "mtijnyaan"| (2) zAstroM aura upadeza dvArA milatA jJAna "zruta jnyaan"| (3) indriyoM kI madada ke binA jo prApta hotA hai vaha "avdhijnyaan"| (4) dUsaroM kI. mana kI avasthA kA jJAna "manaparyAya jnyaan"| (5) indriyoM kI madada ke binA milatA samyakjJAna "kevljnyaan"| inhIM jJAna kI kakSAoM ke AdhAra para jIva mokSa kI prApti karatA hai| harivaMzapurANakAra ne isa saba jJAnoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| unake anusAra jo jJAna samyagdRSTi se prApta hotA hai, vahI samyagjJAna hai tathA vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| matijJAna kI vyAkhyA karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki pA~ca indriyoM tathA mana se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, use "matijJAna" kahate haiN| ==211%= =

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indriyAnindriyotthaM syaanmtijnyaanmnekdhaa| parokSamarthasAMnidhye pratyakSaM vyvhaarikm||16. . yaha matijJAna bhI aneka prakAra kA hai pratyakSa evaM parokSa hai| unhoMne matijJAna ke cAbIsa bheda batalAye haiN| matijJAna ke uparAnta unhoMne avadhijJAna kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai parantu zruta jJAna kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| AtmA meM eka aisI zakti mAnI jAtI hai, jisake dvArA use indriyoM ke agocara, atisUkSma, tirohita va indriya sannikarSa se pare dUrastha padArthoM kA bhI jJAna ho jAtA hai, use avadhi jJAna kahate haiN|10 avadhi jJAna, karma ke kSayopazaya se jIva kI zuddhi hone para dezAvadhi, sarvAvadhi tathA paramAvadhi se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| yaha avadhijJAna deza-pratyakSa hai tathA pudgala dravya kA viSaya karatA hai| deza pratyakSamudabhUto jIvazuddhau tridhaavdhi| dezaH sarvazca paramaH pudglaavdhirissyte||18 manaparyava jJAna bhI dezapratyakSa hI hai| avadhijJAna to kevala paramANu ko jAnatA hai jabaki paryavajJAna usake anantaveM bhAga taka jAna sakatA hai| avadhijJAna kI apekSA yaha sUkSmAtisUkSma padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai| jainamAnyatAnusAra sarvazreSTha jJAna kevalajJAna hai jise jinasenAcArya ne antima jJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha sarvapratyakSa hai, avinAzI haiM, samasta padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA hai, yahI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| pAramparyeNa mokSasya hetunictussttym| sAkSAdeva bhavatyekaM kevljnyaanmvyym||19 ina pA~coM prakAra ke jJAna kI prApti ke aneka sAdhana haiM, jinakA ullekha hama agale pRSThoM meM kreNge| samyak cAritra : triratna ke antima sopAna ke rUpa meM samyak cAritra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isakA mukti ke mArga meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isake abhAva meM tIrthaMkara bhI siddha nahIM ho sakate, ve saMsAra meM bhaTaka sakate haiN| isakA mahattva mokSa mArga meM darzana aura jJAna se tanika bhI kama nahIM hai| jIva ke bandhaka ke jo pAMca kAraNa haiM-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yog| inameM pIche ke cAra kAraNa to samyak cAritra se hI dUra kiye jA sakate haiM parantu cAritra ke anusaMdhAna meM pA~ca vrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti aura cAra bhAva ke sambandha meM jAnakArI honI paramAvazyaka hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye pA~ca vrata haiM, jise mana, vANI aura kAyA se pAlanA par3atA hai| muniyoM ke

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lie ise kaThoratApUrvaka pAlana karanA hotA hai| ye hI muniyoM ke lie mahAvrata haiM tathA zrAvakoM ke lie annuvrt| harivaMzapurANakAra ne ina pA~coM vratoM ke lie pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batalAI hai| samyak mana, samyak vacana, kAyagupti, bhojana kA samaya dekhakara bhojana karanA, IryA samiti tathA AdAna-kSepaNa samiti, ye pA~ca ahiMsAvrata kI bhAvanAe~ haiN| krodha, lobha, bhaya tathA hAsya kA tyAga karanA tathA prazasta vacana bolanA, ye satyavrata kI bhAvanAe~ haiN| zUnyAgArAvAsa, vimocitAvAsa, paroparodhAkaraNa, bhaikSyazuddhi aura sadharmavisaMvAda ye pA~ca asteyavrata kI bhAvanAe~ haiN| strIrAga, kathAzravaNa tyAga, unake manohara aMgoM ko dekhane kA tyAga karanA, zarIra kI sajAvaTa kA tyAga karanA, gariSTha rasa kA tyAga karanA evaM pUrvakAla meM bhoge hue rati ke smaraNa kA tyAga karanA, ye pA~ca brahmacarya vrata kI bhAvanAe~ haiM / pAMca indriyoM ke iSTa, aniSTa Adi viSayoM meM yathAyogya rAgadveSa kA tyAga, ye pA~ca aparigraha vrata kI bhAvanAe~ haiN| suvAgguptimanoguptI svakAle vIkSya bhojnm| dve ceryAdAnanikSepasamitI prAgvratasya taaH|| iSTAniSTendriyArtheSu raagdvessvimuktyH| yathAsvaM paJca vijJeyAH paJca mhaavrtbhaavnaaH||20 ___pA~ca bhAvanAoM ke pazcAt jaina darzana meM tIna prakAra kI guptiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| "gupti" se unakA tAtparya "rakSA" se hai| sarvaprathama manogupti arthAt mana meM hiMsA aura kapaTa ityAdi kA na krnaa| dUsarI "vAggupti" jiseM asatyAdi yukta bolane para pAbandI tathA tIsare prakAra kI gupti, kAya gupti hai, jisameM corI na karanA, kisI ko kaSTa na pahu~cAnA ityAdi kA samAveza hotA hai| jinasenAcArya ne isakA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai, unhoMne ise saMvara kA kAraNa batAyA hai| zarIra ko zAstrokta vidhi se vaza karanA, vacana kA mela prakAra aparodhana karanA tathA mana kA samyak nirodhana karanA hI tIna prakAra kI gupti samajhanA caahie|2 na kevala pA~ca bhAvanAoM evaM tIna guptiyoM kA varan pA~ca samitiyoM evaM dazadharmoM kA ullekha karate hue jinasenAcArya ne isake mahattva ko bhI darzAyA hai| tIna guptiyoM ke pazcAt pA~ca samitiyoM kA varNana AtA hai| sAvadhAna hokara bhale prakAra se gamana tathA Agamana, uttama hita yogya Ahara kA grahaNa, padArtha kA yatnapUrvaka grahaNa tathA yatnapUrvaka kSepaNa arthAt dharanA, prAsuka bhUmi dekhakara malamUtrAdi tyAga karanA-ye pA~ca samitiyA~ trisaMkhyA guptayaH paJcasaMkhyAH smitystthaa| dazadvAdaza dhrmaanuprekssaashcaaritrpnyckm|| 2138 -

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dvAvizaMtibhidA bhinnaparISahajayo'pi c| hetavaH saMvarasyaite saprapaJcAH smnvitaaH||4| jaina dharma meM vairAgya kA khUba mahattva hai, usameM pA~ca vratoM ke uparAnta daza dharmoM kA nirUpaNa vistAra se milatA hai| jo muniyoM ke dharma haiM parantu gRhasthoM ko bhI isakA yathAzakti pAlana karanA par3atA hai| isameM satya, asteya, akiMcanatA, brahmacarya, zAnti, mArdava, Arjava, tyAga tathA saMyama kA samAveza hotA hai| gRhasthoM ke lie pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNa vrata tathA cAra zikSAvratoM ko milAkara dvAdazAMga dharma ke pAlana kA vidhAna hai| inakA pAlana malinatA yA mithyA dRSTi se karane para ye vrata nirarthaka ho jAte haiN| ___isa prakAra ina jIvAdi sAta tattvoM kA samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra hI mokSa kA sAkSAt sAdhana hai| jIvAdisaptatattvAnAmeteSAM jnyaansNgtm| * zraddhAnaM taccaritraM ca sAkSAnmokSasya sAdhanam // 25 jaina darzana ke mUla siddhAnta "triratna" kA harivaMzapurANa meM nirUpaNa ke pazcAt aba hama sUrasAgara aura harivaMzapurANa meM nirUpita dArzanika tattvoM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kreNge| sUradAsa AcArya vallabha ke ziSya the| unhoMne unake dvArA citrita zuddhAdvaita darzana ko hI sUrasAgara ke darzana kA mUlAdhAra svIkAra kiyA hai parantu apanI maulikatA kA bhI yatra-tatra nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jIva aura AtmA : sUrasAgara meM vallabhAcArya ke zuddhAdvaita vedAnta ke anusAra hI jIva viSayaka kahA gayA hai| jIva caitanya svarUpa hai tathA vaha prANimAtra ke zarIra meM vyApta hai|26 pradIpta agni se jisa prakAra sphuliMgoM kI utpatti hotI hai, usI prakAra brahma kI icchA mAtra se sat va cit ke aMza se jIva kI utpatti hotI hai| ataH jIva brahma kA hI aMza hai|27 cetana ghaTa ghaTa hai yA bhAI jyoM ghaTaghaTa ravi prabhA lkhaaii| ghara upajai bahuronasijAI ravi nita rahai eka hI bhaaii||28 ravi kI prabhA jisa prakAra pratyeka ghaTa meM parilakSita hotI hai, vaise hI akSara brahma bhI cetana svarUpa meM pratyeka zarIra meM vidyamAna hai| vallabha vedAnta ke anusAra jIva aizcaryabhAva se dIna evaM parAdhIna, vIryAbhAva se duHkhI, yazobhAva se dIna, zrIabhAva se janmamaraNAdi aneka vidha duHkhoM se yukta, jJAnAbhAva se ahaMkArI, vairAgyAbhAva se viSayAsakta rahatA hai| isa prakAra yaha jIva dIna, parAdhIna evaM mAyAlipta hokara saMsAracakra meM ghUmatA rahatA hai| jaba vaha isa ajJAna ko pahacAna letA hai, taba vaha cetana svarUpa paramAtmA ko jAna letA

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hai tathA brahma meM lIna ho jAtA hai| usakA dehAbhimAna naSTa ho jAtA hai, brahma ke sAtha usakA zAzvata samabandha sthApita ho jAtA hai|" jIva karma kari bahu tana pAvai, ajJAnI tihi dekhi bhulaavai| jJAnI sadA eka rasa jAne, tana ke bheda-bheda nahiM maane| Atma ajanma sadA avinAsI, tAkoM deha moha par3a phaaNsii||deg zarIrastha AtmA hI jIva hai| jIva ko jaba apane zuddha svarUpa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, taba sadA eka rasa jAne arthAt sarvatra hI brahma ko hI vyApta dekhane lagatA hai| usake ajJAna kA AvaraNa naSTa ho jAtA hai tathA use apanI AtmA meM avinAzI ajanma svarUpa dRSTigocara hone lagatA hai| vallabha sampradAya kI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra jIvoM ko do koTiyA~ hotI haiM (1) daivI (2) aasurii| daivI koTi ke jIvoM ko puSTa kahate haiM, jinake do bheda hote haiMmaryAdA puSTa aura pusstti-pusstt| maryAdApuSTa :-ye ve jIva haiM jo zAstrokta vidhi kA anusaraNa karate hue Izvara kI upAsanA karate haiN| ina jIvoM ko karma evaM jJAna ke AdhAra para mukti milatI hai| puSTipuSTa :-ye ve jIva haiM jo Izvara ke ananya premI hokara, unakI zaraNa meM jAte haiN| unakA anugraha prApta karane meM ve saphala hote haiN| "poSaNaM tadanugrahaH" ukti ke AdhAra para ve sarvotkRSTa jIva hote haiN| ina jIvoM kA varNana sUra ne kiyA hai: AnupanauM Apuna hI maiM paayo| zabdahi zabda bhayo ujiyAro, sadaguru bheda btaayau|31 AsurI :-jo jIva mAyA ke bandhanoM se AvRtta hokara janma-maraNa ke cakra meM bhramita rahate haiM, ve AsurI koTi meM kahe jAte haiN| inake bhI do prakAra haiMajJa :-ajJa jIva ve hote haiM, jo ghora anIti meM lipta rahate haiN| inakA paramAtmA ke hAthoM saMhAra hotA hai| darza :-ye saMsArI jIva saMsAra kI mAyA se bhramita rahate haiM tathA viSayAsakti ko hI sarvasva mAnate haiN| ina jIvoM kA varNana sUrasAgara meM milatA hai ki ve bhramita dazA meM haiM isalie vyartha prayatnazIla hote hue unheM avidyA se mukti nahIM miltii| apunapau Apuna hI bisryauN| jaise svAna kAMca-maMdira me, bhrami bhrami bhUki pryo| jyauM sorabha mRga nAbhi basata hai, druma tRna suMghi phiryo| -215

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jyauM kehari pratibimba dekhi ke Apuna kUpa mryo| jaise gaja lakhi phaTika silA meM, dasanani jAi aryo| markaTa mUMThi-chAMDi nahiM dInI ghara-ghara dvAra phiryo| sUradAsa nalinI ke suvarA, kahi kauna pkryo|32. sUradAsa jI ke anusAra ina jIvoM ko sAMsArika duHkhoM se evaM mAyAjAla se mukti prApta karane hetu bhagavat svarUpa kA jJAna apekSita hai| bhagavat svarUpa kA jJAna, bhagavat kRpA se hI saMbhava hai| isa prakAra mahAkavi sUra ne zuddhAdvaita ke anusAra jIva aura brahma kA sambandha aMzI va aMza kA batAyA hai| vaha bhrama ke kAraNa indriya dharma ko AtmA kA dharma mAnane lagatA hai, jo rAga-dveSa kA mUla-kAraNa hai| AcArya jinasena ne jaina darzanAnusAra harivaMzapurANa meM jIva-tattva kI vizada carcA kI hai| jainAgamoM meM jo sAta tattva kahe gaye haiM,33 unameM ajIva bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| unake anusAra jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai aura vaha upayoga ATha prakAra kA hai| ina bhedoM meM mati, zruti, avadhi ye tIna samyagjJAna tathA mithyAjJAna donoM rUpoM meM hote haiM / icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha aura duHkha-ye cidAtmaka haiM, ye hI jIva ke lakSaNa haiM kyoMki inase hI caitanya svarUpa kI jAnakArI hotI hai| jIvasya lakSaNaM lakSyamupayogo'STadhA sa c| mtishrutaavdhijnyaantdvipryypuurvkH|| icchA dveSaH prayatnazca sukhaM duHkhaM cidaatmkm| Atmano liMgametena liGgyate cetano ytH||34 unhoMne pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kI AkRti mAtra jIva ko nahIM kahA hai kyoMki unake anusAra ve to zarIra kI avasthAe~ haiN| zarIra kA caitanya ke sAtha anekAnta haiM arthAt zarIra yahIM rahatA hai aura caitanya dUra ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra bAlu ityAdi se taila kI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai, usI prakAra se pRthvI Adi cAra bhUtoM meM caitanya kI utpatti aura abhivyakti nahIM ho sakatI hai| jIva to saMsAra kA anAdidhana hai, karma ke paravaza banA yahA~ dUsarI gati meM AtA hai evaM karma paravaza banakara vaha dUsarI gati ko jAtA hai! jIva svayaM dravya rUpa hai, jJAtA hai, draSTA hai, kartA hai, bhoktA hai, karmoM kA nAza karane vAlA hai, utpAda-vyaya-dhruvarUpa hai, sadA guNoM se rahita hai, asaMkhyAta pradezI hai, saMkoca vistAra svarUpa hai aura zarIra pramANa hai tathA varNAdi bIsa guNoM se rahita hai| dravyabhUtaH svayaM jIvo jJAtA draSTAsti kaarkH| bhoktA moktA vyayotpAdayodhauvyavAn guNavAn sdaa|| asaMkhyAtapradezAtmA ssNhaarvisrpnnH| svazarIrapramANastu muktvrnnaadiviNshtiH||35 -216

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unhoMne AtmA ke sthAna evaM usake kArya kA nirUpaNa karate hue. harivaMzapurANa meM likhA hai ki jisa prakAra cakSurAdi indriyA~ zarIra ke kisI nizcita sthAna meM hI kArya kara sakatI hai, usI prakAra sparzana indriyA~ bhI jahA~ AtmA hogI vahI kArya kara sakatI hai, sarvatra nahIM arthAt AtmA ko zarIra ke pramANa rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA hai| jIva ko DhUMDhane kA mArga batAte hue jinasenAcArya ne ullekha kiyA hai ki yaha jIva gati, indriya, chaha kAya, yoga veda, kaSAya, jJAna, saMyama, samyaktva, leSyA, darzanasaMjJitva, bhavyatva aura AhAra ina caudaha mArgaNAoM se khojA jA sakatA hai| isa saMsArI jIva ko jAnane ke lie pramANa, naya-nikSepa, sat saMkhyA aura nirdeza Adi kA sahArA lenA cAhie evaM mukta jIva ko jAnane ke lie ananta jJAna Adi AtmaguNoM kA avalambana lenA caahie| isa prakAra jIva ke purANakAra ne do bheda kiye haiM-(1) saMsArI jIva evaM (2) mukta jiiv| sa gtiindriyssttkaayyogvedkssaaytH| jnyaansNymsmyktvleshyaadrshnsNjnyibhiH|| bhavyatvAAraparyantamArgaNAbhiH sa mRgyte| caturdazabhirAkhyAto guNasthAnaizca cetnH|| prmaannnynikssepstsNkhyaadikimaadibhiH| saMsArI pratipattavyo mukto'pi nijsdgunnaiH||26 jaina darzana meM jIka ko zarIra ke anusAra badalAte svarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| mana kI pravRtti se jIva kA pariNAma badalatA hai| darzana aura jJAna jIva kA svabhAva dharma hai, jise vaha prApta karatA hai| vaha indriyoM dvArA aura atIndriyoM dvArA prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo jJAna indriyoM dvArA prApta hotA hai, vaha parokSa jJAna hai tathA jise atIndriyoM se prApta kiyA jAtA hai, use pratyakSa jJAna kahA gayA hai| ajIva tattva : jJAna-darzana svabhAva se rahita tathA AtmA se bhinna samasta dravya ajIva hai| parantu ajIva tattvoM kA bhI viziSTa rUpa hotA hai| isake pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiM-pudgala, adharma, Akoza, dharma aura kaal| dharmAdharmI tathAkAzaM pudgalaH kAla eva c|| __ paMcApyajIvatattvAni smygdrshngocraaH||37 isa bhedoM meM pUrva ke cAra ko astikAya evaM kAla ko anastikAya kahA gayA hai| pudgala sRSTi kA rUpavAn svarUpa hai| isakA sUkSmatama rUpa paramANu hai, jo atyanta laghu hone ke kAraNa indriya grAhya nahIM hotaa| aneka paramANuoM ke saMyoga se pariNAma utpanna hotA hai, jisase sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa ye cAra guNa prakaTa hote haiN|

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jinasenAcArya ke anusAra dharma aura adharma dravyakaNa se gati aura sthiti kI nirmiti haiN| AkAza, jIva aura ajIva donoM dravyoM ke avagAha meM nirmita hai| jo vartanA lakSaNoM se yukta hai, vaha kAla dravya hai| isake samaya Adi aneka bheda haiN| parivartanAnurUpa dharma se sahita hone ke kAraNa kAla dravya paratva aura aparatva vyavahAra se yukta hai| gatisthityornimittaM tau dharmAdharmoM ythaakrmm| nabho'vagAhahetustu jiivaajiivdvyossdaa|| . pUraNaM galanaM kurvan pudglo'nekdhrmkH| so'NusaMghAtataH skandhaH skandhabhedAdaNuH punH|| vartanAlakSaNo lakSyaH smyaadirnekdhaa| kAlaH kalanadharmeNa sprtvaaprtvkH||8 isa bhA~ti puSTi sampradAya se dIkSita hone ke kAraNa sUra ne isa sampradAya ke siddhAnta ke anurUpa jIva tattva kI vivecanA karate hue use Atma svarUpa.evaM brahma aMza ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ___ jabaki jinasenAcArya ne jainadarzanAnusAra jIva tattva ko caitanya svarUpa meM ullekhita kiyA hai| sUra ke anusAra jIva kI utpatti brahma kI icchA mAtra se hotI hai parantu jinasena ke anusAra jIva pRthvI Adi cAra bhUtoM se utpanna aura abhivyakta nahIM hotA varan vaha anAdinidhana hai, jo nijakarmavaza yahA~ dUsarI gati ko jAtA hai| sUra ne zarIra ke Atmatattva ko hI jIva mAnakara use ajJAna vaza ise mAyAjAla bhramita hote hue citrita kiyA hai jo bhagavAn ke anugraha se mukti ko prApta hotA hai| parantu purANakAra ne jIva ko hI kartA, bhoktA, draSTA tathA apane karmoM kA nAza karane vAlA batAyA hai| sUrasAgara kI apekSA harivaMzapurANa meM jIva-ajIva tattva kI vizada vyAkhyA ke sAtha usake sUkSmAtisUkSma tattvoM para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| mAyA : saMskRta bhASA meM "mA" zabda avyaya hai jisakA artha hai "nhiiN"| aura "yA" yat sarvanAma zabda ke strIliMga prathamA vibhakti kA ekavacana kA rUpa hai jisakA artha hai "jo"| isa prakAra-"jo nahIM hai" arthAt "mAyA" ! jo nahIM hai, phira bhI bhrAnti se dikhAI detA hai, vaha mAyA hai| zaMkarAcArya ne mAyA ko bhrama rUpA mAnA hai parantu vallabhAcArya ke anusAra mAyA brahmavazA hai| vaha bhagavAn kI agAdhazakti svarUpA hai| isake bhI do . rUpa mAne haiM(1) vidyA mAyA evaM (2) avidyA maayaa| vidyA-mAyA vaha hai jo brahma kI vazavartinI evaM zakti hai tathA jisake dvArA brahma samasta jagata kA nirmANa karatA hai| avidyA mAyA vaha hai jo jIva ko kAma, krAdha, lobha, moha Adi ke dvArA vazIbhUta karake pathabhraSTa karatI hai|

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mAyA ke isa dUsare svarUpa kA hI bhaktoM ne vizeSa varNana kiyA hai| bhakti mArga meM yahI mAyA bAdhaka hai ataH isakI ghora nindA kI gaI hai| ___AcArya vallabha. ke anusAra avidyA mAyA ko dUra karane kA ekamAtra sarala upAya "puSTi" hai| bhagavat kRpA se hI vyakti avidyA ke samasta AvaraNoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| sUra ne isI zuddhAdvaita ke anusAra mAyA ke donoM svarUpoM kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| ramaNecchu brahma apanI agAdha zakti mAyA dvArA sRSTi kA vistAra karatA hai| sUra ne mAyA ko agAdha-zakti batAyA hai, jisakI gati sadA avigata rahatI hai avagita gati jAnI na parai mana-vana-karma agAdha agocara kItividhi budhisNcrai| ati pracaMDa paurUSabala pAe kehari bhUkha mrai| anAyAsa bina udyama kInhai ajagara udara bhrai| rItai-bharai bharai puni Dhaure cAhai pheri bhrai| rAjA raMka te raMka, rAjA le sira chatra dherai| sUra patita tari jAu chinaka meM jo prabhu naikuM ddhrai|39 . yahI avidyA mAyA kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, ajJAna Adi aneka mAnasika durbalatAoM . ke sahayoga se jIva ko sanmArga se bhaTakAtI rahatI hai| yaha mAyA nahIM, bhrAnti hai, jo . markaTa kI bhA~ti jIva ko aneka nAca nacAtI hai| mAyA nahI lakuTi kara linhaiM, koTika nAca ncaavai| dara-dara lobha lAgi liye Dolata nAnA svAMga ncaave|| mahA mohinI mohi AtmA, apamAragahi lgaavai| jyoM dUti para vadhU bhaurikai, lai parapuruSa dikhaavai||40 . mAyA mohaka svarUpa kA varNana karate hue sUradAsa kaha rahe haiM ki-jisakI sundara dRzyAvaliyA~, mohaka-prapaMca-prasAra se jIvAtmA ko gRha, dhana, santAna, mitra ityAdi vibhinna bandhanoM meM bA~dhatA hai| yahI vaha bandhana hai, jo paramAtmA ke pAsa pahu~cane meM bAdhA utpanna karatA hai| sUra ne ise mohinI, bhuMjaginI kaha kara pukArA hai| jisameM RSi-muniyoM ke tapa naSTa kara diye aura apane rUpa jAla meM phaMsAkara unheM kahIM kA nahIM chodd'aa| - hari terI mAyA ko na bigauyau| so jojana marajAda sindhu kI pala meM rama bilauyau||2 ... manuSya ke mana meM pApa kI utpatti bhI isI mAyA ke prabhAva se hotI hai| yahI mAyA tRSNA hai, jo jIva ko janma-maraNa ke bandhana meM bAMdhatI hai| use tabhI mukti mila % 3D -

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sakatI hai jaba vaha isa mAyA ke jhUThe bhrama ko todd'e| mAyA ko sUra ne asatya mAnA hai tathA kahA hai ki yaha jhUThI hone para bhI satya sI pratIta hotI hai| pazu jaise bandhana meM par3akara paravaza ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra sUra kahate haiM ki maiM bhI mAyA ke hAtha bika gayA huuN| aba ho mAyA hAtha bikAnau paravaza bhayo pazu jyoM raju basa, bhajyoM na zrIpati raanau| hiMsA mada mamatA rasa bhUlyoM, AzA hI lpttaanau| apane hI ajJAna timira meM, bisaryo parama tthikaanau| sUradAsa kI eka aMjarI hai, tAhU~ maiM kucha kaanau| 3 isa avidyA mAyA ke andhakAra ko dUra karane kA upAya sUra ne bhagavAn ke anugraha se hI mAnA hai| ve bhagavAn se isa bhrama jAla se chuTakArA prApta karane hetu prArthanA karate haiM ki maiM bhavarUpI sAgara ke mAyArUpI gaMbhIrajala meM DUbe jA rahA hU~, Apa hI mujhe kinAre lagA diijie|" isa bhava ke andhakAra se chuTakArA Apa ke pada-nakha-candra prakAza se hI ho sakatA hai| . sUra syAma pada nakha prakAza binu kyauM kari timira nsaave|75 sUra ne na kevala avidyA kA hI varNana kiyA hai varan vidyA mAyA ko bhI sthAnasthAna para varNita kiyA hai| hari icchA se hI sRSTi kA sarjana karane vAlI vidyA mAyA kA citraNa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki jaba bhagavAn kI icchA hotI hai, taba yahI mAyA sRSTi kA nirmANa karatI hai| bahari jaba hari icchA hoy| dekhe mAyA ke disI joy| mAyA saba tana hI upjaavai| brahmA so puni sRSTi upaavai||46 zuddhAdvaita kI mAnyatAnusAra sUrasAgara meM Urdhvalikhita prakAra se avidyA mAyA tathA vidyAmAyA kA vistRta varNana huA hai| bhagavAn kI anukampA evaM unakI icchA se hI manuSya isa avidyA mAyA se mukti pA sakatA hai| ___ jaina darzana meM mAyA kA varNana nahIM milatA hai| jo mAyA brahmarUpA hai tathA jIva ko pathabhraSTa karatI hai| unake matAnusAra jIva Asrava ke kAraNa karma meM Ate haiM tathA ve bandha ho jAte haiM parantu saMyama ke dvArA use rokA jA sakatA hai| nirjarA hone se saMcita karmoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai tathA naye karma jIva ko nahIM baaNdhte| isa prakAra brahma dvArA mAyA ko usakI agAdha zakti svIkAra na karake, vyakti ke karmoM ko hI mahattva diyA hai| - % 3D

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pA~ca pApa tathA cAra kaSAya manuSya ko ghere rahate haiM, jaba taka unakA nAza nahIM hotA taba taka vyakti mokSa-mArga ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA evaM saMsAra cakra ke janma-maraNa se nahIM chuutttaa| jIva ko bandhana se chUTane ke lie, Asrava tattva tathA bandha tattva para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| isI Asrava tattva tathA bandha tattva para purANakAra jinasena svAmI ne vizada vyAkhyA kI hai| Astrava tattva : bandha ke kAraNoM ko Asrava tattva kahate haiN| kAya, vacana aura mana kI kriyA yoga hai| vahI yoga Asrava hai| arthAt jina kAraNoM se AtmA ke sAtha karma kA sambandha hotA hai--ve kAraNa Asrava kahalAte haiN| jina vyApAroM se, jina pravRttiyoM se karma pudgala hokara AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hote haiM, ve pravRttiyA~ hI Asrava kahalAtI haiN| mana, vacana, kAya ke vyApAra ke anusAra zubha, azubha karma kA bandha hotA hai| 'zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH paapsy|' jinasenAcArya ke anusAra Asrava ke zubha tathA azubha ke bheda se do hote haiN| kAyavAGmanasAM karmayogaH sa punraatrvH| zubhaH puNyasya gaNyasya paapsyaashubhlkssnnH||18 Asrava ke do svAmI haiM-1. sakaSAya aura akaSAya / isI prakAra se Asrava ke do bheda haiM-sAmparAyika Asrava aura IryApatha aasrv| saMsAra ke bandhana kA kAraNa hI Asrava hai jisase jIva apane Asrava svarUpa ko bhulAkara zarIrAdi para-dravya meM Atma buddhi karatA hai tathA samasta kriyAyeM zArIrAzrita vyavahAroM meM saMlagna rahatI haiN| mithyAcaraNa se saMsAra. meM ghUmatA hai| sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM meM lipta hokara prasanna rahatA hai tathA sanmArga ko bhUlakara bhaya, svArtha, ghRNA, paranindA, hiMsA, AtmavaMcanA hI usakA kArya raha jAtA hai| Asrava ke kAraNoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha mAnA jAtA hai| hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda tathA napusaMka veda, ye nava-nau kaSAya haiN| jinase AtmA karmoM ke bandhana meM jakar3atI calI jAtI hai| harivaMzapurANa meM Asrava tattva varNana meM pA~ca indriyA~, cAra kaSAya, hiMsA Adi pA~ca avrata tathA paccIsa kriyAoM ko Asrava ke dvAra batalAye haiN| . indriyANi kaSAyAzca hiNsaadiinyvrtaanypi| sAmparAyikakarmaNaH syAkriyA pnycviNshtiH||50 - ina pratyeka dvAra ke Upara purANakAra ne vizada vyAkhyA kI hai| jisa prakAra kisI jalayAna meM chidroM ke hone se usameM jala bhara jAtA hai tathA chidra banda karane para usameM pAnI AnA banda ho jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra mana, vacana aura kAya rUpI Asrava dvAroM se karma dravya AkRSTa hokara AtmA meM praviSTa hotA hai parantu ina Asrava dvAroM ko banda kara diyA jAe to AtmA zuddha, sarvajJa, cidAnanda, siddha avasthA ko prApta ho jAtI hai| 1 h| 221

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bandhatattva : bandha kA kAraNa Asrava hai parantu bandha kyA hai? yaha samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jinasenAcArya ke anusAra kaSAya se kaluSita jIva, pratyeka kSaNa karma ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai, yahI bandha kahalAtA hai|51 karma kA AtmA ke sAtha dUdha aura pAnI kI bhA~ti sambandha hone kA nAma bandha hai|52 moha rAga se dveSa bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara karmANuoM kA AtmapradezoM ke sAtha dUdha-pAnI kI taraha ekameka ho jAnA bandha hai, jo do prakAra kA hotA hai-bhAvabandha tathA drvybndh| AtmA ke jina zubhAzubha vikArI bhAvoM ke nimitta se jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA bandha hotA hai, una bhAvoM ko bhAvabandha kahate haiM tathA jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM kA bandha honA dravya bandha hai|53 / / ___ AcArya jinasena ne jaina darzanAnusAra bandha ke cAra bhedoM kA savistAra varNana kiyA. hai| bandha ke bhedoM kA varNana karate hue prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga tathA pradeza ke guNa dharmoM ko bhI nirUpita kiyA hai| prakRti kA artha svabhAva se hotA hai jisa prakAra nIma Adi kI prakRti niyatarUpa se sthita hai| jaise karma kI prakRti bhavadhAraNA karanA hai| nAma karma kI prakRti jIva meM deva-nArakI Adi saMjJAe~ utpanna karanA hai| karmoM meM jitane kAla taka. jIva ke sAtha rahane kI zakti utpanna hotI hai, use karma-sthiti kahate haiN| unakI tIvra yA manda phaladAyinI zakti kA nAma anubhAga hai evaM Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha kitane karma paramANuoM kA bandha huA, use pradeza bandha kahate haiN| prakRtizca sthitizcApi sa bndho'nubhvsttH| pradezabandhabhedena cAturvidhyaM prpdyte|| . prakatiH pratipannA ta bhvdhaarnnmaayussH| ' devanArakanAmAdikaraNaM nAma krmnnH|| krmtvprinntyaatmpudglskndhsNhteH| pradezaH prmaannvaatmpricchedaavdhaarnnaa||54 isa bhA~ti jinasena svAmI ke matAnusAra jIva mAyA ke kAraNa isa saMsAra meM bhramita na hokara usake Asrava tattvoM tathA bandha tattvoM ke kAraNa hI mokSa mArga kI ora abhimukha nahIM hotA hai| mithyAdarzanAdi se vaha moha meM pha~sa jAtA hai jo usake lie duHkhadAyI evaM pratikUla siddha hote haiN| sUrasAgara meM jisa pApa kI utpatti ke kAraNa, janma-maraNa ke bandhana kA mUlAdhAra, vibhinna mithyA bandhanoM kI kartA ko mAyA kahA gayA hai evaM isI mAyA ke moha jAla se chUTane hetu bhagavAn se prArthanA kI gaI hai, use harivaMzapurANa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA

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hai| usake anusAra to isa saMsAra ke mithyAdarzana kA kAraNa Asrava evaM bandha tattva hai| Asrava tattvoM kA dvAra baMda karake hI mokSa ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, usake lie bhagavAn kI anukampA yA anugraha kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| donoM granthoM meM mukti kI bAta svIkAra kI gaI hai--mukti hI mAnava kA carama lakSya hai parantu sUrasAgara meM bhagavAn kI kRpA se mukti kI bAta hai to harivaMzapurANa meM AtmA ke karmoM ke bandhana se chUTane pr| jaina-darzana Atma tattva evaM karma tattva para hI vizeSa bala detA hai, vaha mokSa prApti ke lie Izvaratva para Azrita rahane para vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| para vaiSNava paramparA meM paramAtmA kI kRpA se hI saMsAra ke moha jAla se chuTakArA evaM mukti saMbhava hai| donoM hI kavizreSThoM ne mAyA athavA mithyAdarzana tattva para vizada vivecana kiyA hai parantu jinasenAcArya kA yaha vizleSaNa aura bhI sUkSmatA ke sAtha nirUpita huA hai| mokSa : jIva kA janma-maraNa, jarA-vyAdhi se chuTakArA, akhaMDa Ananda prApta karane kI dazA ko mokSa kahA gayA hai| isa sthiti vizeSa sattA ko sUradAsa evaM jinasena donoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| sAmpradAyika darzanAnusAra isa mokSa kI sthiti meM vibheda rahA hai parantu mokSa yA mukti donoM kA aMtima lakSya rahA hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM jisa kramamukti aura sadyomukti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, use vallabhAcArya ne svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra bhakta ke adhikAra kSetra kI dRSTi se mukti ke do rUpa hote haiM-(1) krama mukti evaM (2) sadyo mukti| . jise karma, bhakti Adi upAsanA se prApta kiyA jAtA hai vaha krama mukti kahalAtI hai evaM jisakA adhikArI sakAma bhakta hotA hai| sadyomukti se kisI krama-niyama sAdhanA ke nirvAha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| isake adhikArI mAtra puSTi-puSTa niSkAma bhakta hote haiN| sUradAsa ne bhakti ke ina donoM rUpoM kA varNana kiyA hai| bhakta sakAmI hU~ jo koI krama krama karikai udharai soii| niSkAmI vaikuMTha sidhAvai janma-marana tihi bahuri na aavai|55 . : AcArya vallabha ke matAnusAra jIva ke tIna prakAra hote haiM-(1) puSTijIva (2) maryAdAjIva tathA (3) pravAhI jiiv| zuddhAdvaita vedAnta ke anusAra jIva ko mukti kA Ananda honA, bhagavadicchAdhIna hai| vedavihitasAdhanoM ke sAdhaka sAlokya sAmIpya tathA sAyujya meM se koI eka mukti ko prApta karatA hai| jJAna-sAdhanA kaSTaprada hai, isake dvArA sAdhanA ke aMta meM mukti milatI hai| puSTijIva ke lie lIlA meM laya hone kI sthiti ko vAllabhAcArya ne sAyujya anurUpA mukti kahA hai| yahI mukti zreSTha hai| ise hI svarUpAnanda mukti bhI kahA gayA hai| isameM bhakta vaikuNTha se bhI utkRSTa goloka lIlA kI paramAnandAnubhUti prApta karatA hai tathA bhakta pUrNa puruSottama lIlA meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai|56 - -

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sUrasAgara meM zuddhAdvaita kI inhIM mAnyatAnusAra jIva mukti evaM muktijanya paramAnandAnubhUti kA nirUpaNa milatA hai| bhagavat-anugraha se hI jIva ko sAlokya, sAmIpya tathA sAyujya meM se koI eka mukti milatI hai| gopikAoM ke bhagavAn zrI kRSNa ke parama anugraha se ye muktiyA~ atyanta sahaja meM labhya hai| bhagavAn zrI kRSNa ke sAtha nityarAsa meM bhAga lenA sAyujya mukti kI avasthA hai| zRMgAra ke saMyoga evaM viyoga donoM avasthAoM meM gopiyoM kI pUrNa tallInatA evaM AtmavismRti isI bAta kA dyotaka hai| gopiyoM ko jaba uddhava jJAna, vairAgya, yoga, nirguNa brahma kI bAta sikhAne kA upadeza dete haiM, taba ve kahatI haiM ki uddhava hama abalAoM ke lie yaha nirguNa jJAna bhArI hai| jaise-komala zarIra ke lie gariSTha bhojana kaSTaprada hotA hai|57 bhramaragIta prasaMga meM gopiyA~ uddhava se kahatI haiM ki udho sudhau neku nihArau hama abalAni ko sikhavana Ae, sunyau sayAna tihaaro| hama sAlokya sArupya sAyujyauM rahatiM sayAna sdaaii| .. so taji kahata aura kI aure, tuma ali baDe adaaii||58 puSTimArga ke anusAra jIva ke mokSa kI sarvottama sthiti zrI kRSNa ke lIlA praveza meM hai| rAsarasezvara parabrahma paramezvara zrI kRSNa jahA~ nityadhAma vRndAvana meM nitya lIlAe~, gopiyA~ vahIM unake sAtha nitya lIlAstha rahanA cAhatI haiN| unake lie yahI parama mokSa kI sthiti hai| nitya lIlA vihAra hI parama sthiti kA paricAyaka hai| mokSa kI prApti ke do rAste haiMnirguNa tathA sgunn| nirguNa bhakti jJAna yoga se sambandhita hai tathA saguNa bhakti bhAva pravRtti para AdhArita hai| sUra kI gopikAe~ bhI pravRtti mUlaka jIvanayApana karatI huI zrI kRSNa kI ArAdhikAe~ haiN| ve kRSNa kI anurAgI haiM, una para dUsarA raMga nahIM car3ha sktaa| sUradAsa je raMgo syAma raMga phira na caDhe raMga yaat|60 isI syAma raMga meM DUbanA arthAt paramAtmA meM lIna honA hI sUra ke matAnusAra sarvocca mokSa mArga hai| bhramaragIta prasaMga meM isI saguNa-bhakti ke mahattA ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| sUra ke padoM meM japa, tapa, tIrtha, dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa evaM tInoM lokoM ke sAmrAjya se bhI bar3hakara gopAla nAma kA saMkIrtana evaM vRndAvana nivAsa ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| jo sukha hota gopAlahi gAe~ so sukha hota na japa-tapa kInhai koTika tIratha nhaaeN| die leta nahi cAra padAratha, carana-kamala cita laaeN| tIni loka tRna samakari lekhata, naMda naMdana ura aaaiN| -

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vaMzIvaTa vRndAvana jamunA, taji vaikuMTha na jaaveN| sUradAsa hariko sumarina kari, bahuri na bhava jala aaveN||1 zrI kRSNa kA nAma smaraNa hI mokSa kI prApti kA ekamAtra sahaja evaM saralatama sAdhana hai| isase bhakta ke netra, zravaNa, buddhi, citta sabhI zrI kRSNa meM lIna ho jAte haiM tathA vaha Atma-vismRti kI sthiti meM bhagavAn meM lIna ho jAtA hai| taduparAnta vaha bhakta va bhagavAn jala-taraMga kI bhA~ti abhinna hokara paramocca-avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra AcArya vallabha ke darzanAnusAra sUra ne mukti kA varNana kiyA hai| yaha varNana darzana zAstra meM varNita mukti kI avadhAraNA se bhI bhinna ho gayA hai| vahA~ to mukti se abhiprAya AvAgamana ke bandhana se chUTakara brahmAnaMda meM lIna hone se hai| deha meM rahate hue mukti kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| isa mukti ko prApta karane ke lie jJAna kI paramAvazyakatA hai| Rte jJAnAnna muktiH / parantu sUra darzana meM mukti kI prApti hetu prematattva hI sarvopari haiM / paramparAgata mukti kI avadhAraNA se nitAnta bhinna unhoMne bhAvAtmaka mukti kA sundara citraNa khIMcA hai| vaise sUra ne yoga dvArA va jJAna dvArA prApta sAyujya-mukti kA varNana kiyA hai parantu use unhoMne svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai jabaki zaMkarAcArya isI mukti ko uttamottama mukti kahate haiN| ... jinasena svAmI ne harivaMzapurANa meM jaina-darzanAnusAra mokSa prApti kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai parantu vaha varNana sUra se bhinna saMdarbho meM varNita hai| unake anusAra bhI mokSa prApti hI jIva kA aMtima lakSya hai, para use prApta karane kA rAstA alaga hai| jaina-darzana meM bandha hetuoM ke abhAva aura nirjarA se saba karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya honA hI mokSa kahA hai|62 ___ saba karmoM kA Atyantika abhAva karane ke lie bandha ke hetuoM kA abhAva tathA nirjarA honA atyAvazyaka hai| jaba samasta karmoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai, AtmA Urdhvagamana karatI hai aura loka ke agrabhAva meM sthita ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra eka bAra karma kSaya hone para punaH karma bandhana athavA saMsAra cakra meM nahIM AnA par3atA, yahI mokSa hai| jisa prakAra bIja sarvathA jala jAne para usameM se aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA, ThIka usI prakAra karmarUpI bIja sarvathA jala jAne para saMsAra rUpI aMkura utpanna nahIM hotaa| . - bandhahetorabhAvAddhi nirjarAtazca krmnnaam| kAryena vipramokSastu mokSo nirgrnthruupinnH||63 . mokSa kI prApti ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna tathA samyagcAritra kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM isI ko mokSa kA ekamAtra sAdhana mAnA hai| saMkSepa meM sacce deva, zAstra, guru tathA ajIvAdi tattvoM kA zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya rahita tattvoM ko jAnanA samyagjJAna hai tathA azubha karmoM se chUTakara zubha meM pravRtta honA samyagcAritra hai| 225

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jaina darzana ke mokSa-mArga ke triratnoM ko vaidika paramparA meM zraddhA yA bhakti, jJAna tathA karma ke nAma se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| manusmRti meM yahI dharma pratipAdita karane kI pratijJA kI gaI hai jisakA sevana evaM anupAlana sacce samyagdRSTi vAle vidvAn jJAnI rAgadveSa rahita sacce caritravAna mahApuruSoM ne kiyA hai|65 zrImadbhAgavata gItA meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki zraddhAvAna hI jJAna prApta karatA hai evaM tatpazcAt hI vaha saMyamI banatA hai|66 / / mokSa ke mahattva ko nirUpita karate hue purANakAra likhate haiM ki jIvana kA antima dhyeya kAma arthAt sAMsArika sukha na hokara mokSa hai| kyoMki sAMsArika sukha alpakAlIna haiM, isase vyakti kI lAlasAe~ bar3hatI hI jAtI haiM / vyakti kI ye aMbhilASAe~ itanI bar3I haiM ki isameM samasta saMsAra kI sampadA bhI nahIM ke barAbara hai| ataH ye vAsanAe~ sarvathA vyartha haiN| ataH vyakti ko artha saMcaya rUpI pravRtti-parAyaNatA se haTakara dharmasAdhana rUpa virakti-parAyaNatA kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie, jisake dvArA sAMsArika tRSNA se muktirUpI AtmAdhIna mokSa sukha kI prApti ho| isake uparAnta jinasena svAmI ne mokSa prApti hetu pA~ca pANe se virakti para bhI atyadhika bala diyA hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla tathA aparigraha--ina pAMca pApoM se virakta honA bhI vrata hai, jise apanAnA parama Avazyaka hai| yaha vrata bhI do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai(1) aNuvrata :-ukta pApoM se ekadeza se virata honaa| ' (2) mahAvrata :-ukta pApoM se sarvadeza se virata honaa|67 isa aNuvrata se yukta manuSyoM ko apane vrata ko sthira rakhane ke lie pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM ko apanAnA par3atA hai| (1) ahiMsAvrata :- samyak vacana gupti, samyagmanogupti, gavaSaNA ke sAtha bhojana grahaNa karanA, iryAsamiti tathA AdAna nikssepnn| (2) satyavrata :- krodha, lobha, bhaya tathA hAsya kA tyAga karanA tathA prazasta vacana bolnaa| (3) acauryavrata :- zUnyAgatArAvAsa, vimocitAvAsa, paroparodhAkaraNa-bhaikSya zuddhi tathA sdhrmvisNvaad| (4) brahmacarya vata :- strI-rAga kathA-zravaNa tyAga, usake manohara aMgoM ko dekhane kA tyAga, zarIra kI sajAvaTa kA tyAga, gariSTarasa tyAga tathA pUrvakAla meM bhoge gaye rati ke smaraNa kA tyaag| (5) aparigrahavrata :- paMca indriyoM ke iSTa aniSTa viSayoM meM yathAyogya rAga dveSa kA tyAga 68

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isake alAvA purANakAra ne ina vratoM kI sthiratA evaM mokSa prApti ke lie cAra bhAvanAoM ko grahaNa karane para bhI jora diyA hai| maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya tathA mAdhyastha ye bhAvanAe~ mAnI jAtI haiM maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthyaM ca ythaakrmm| satve guNAdhike kliSTe hyavineye ca bhaassyte||69 kisI jIva ko duHkha na ho aisA vicAra karanA maitrI bhAvanA hai| apane se adhika guNI manuSyoM ko dekhakara harSa prakaTa karanA guNI bhAvanA hai| du:khI vyakti ko dekhakara apane mana meM dayA bhAva prakaTa karanA karuNA bhAvanA hai evaM avineyamithyAdRSTi jIvoM meM madhyastha bhAva rakhanA mAdhyasthya bhAvanA hai| ___pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM cAra bhAvanAoM ke atirikta harivaMzapurANa meM tIna guNa vrata tathA cAra zikSAvratoM ko bhI mokSa prApti hetu Avazyaka mAnA hai / ina guNoM kI pahacAna va inake nAnA aticAroM para bhI vistRta nirUpaNa milatA hai| taduparAnta sAta tattvoM kA bhI jJAna honA mokSa prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai, jinakA varNana hamane yathA prasaMga kiyA hai| isa prakAra sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa donoM granthoM meM mokSa yA mukti para savistAra nirUpaNa milatA hai| sUra kA mokSa kA mArga vallabhAcArya ke zuddhAdvaita para AdhArita hai jabaki jinasenAcArya kA digambara jaina drshnaanusaar| sUrasAgara meM premAbhakti ko apanAkara mokSa prApti para bala diyA hai jabaki harivaMzapurANa meM "triratna" ke shaare| sUra ke anusAra bhagavAn kI anukampA se mukti mila sakatI hai jabaki jinasena svAmI ke matAnusAra puNya-karmoM ke AdhAra pr| sUrasAgara meM bhagavannAma kIrtana kI bAta kahI gaI hai, jabaki * harivaMzapurANa meM paMcamahAvratoM kii| itanA vibheda hone para bhI donoM kavi mokSa ko jIvana kA carama-lakSya mAnate haiM tathA use prApta karane kA mArga, janakalyANArtha vizleSita karate haiN| darzana ke anya tattvoM kI bhA~ti mokSa tattva para bhI harivaMzapurANa meM vizada tAttvika vivecana milatA hai, jo sUrasAgara se apekSAkRta vistRta hai| brahma : __sUrasAgara meM kRSNa ko brahma rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| unameM hI nirguNa brahma kA samAveza milatA hai| unake ye brahma bhakta-vatsala haiM, jo bhaktoM ke kaSToM ko apanI lIlA dvArA harane vAle haiN| ye hI brahma apanI ramaNa karane icchA se carAcara jagata kA nirmANa karate haiM tIna loka hari kari vistaar| apanI joti kiyo ujiyaar| jaise koU geha sNnaari| dIpaka bAri karai ujiyaar||70

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vallabhAcArya ke anusAra jagata brahmasvarUpa hai tathA jIva bhii| isalie unake zuddhAdvaita ko brahmavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| sarvaM brahma iti vAdaH brhmvaadH| brahma saccidAnanda ghana svarUpa hai| usake sat aMza ke AvirbhAva se jagata kI utpatti hotI hai tathA usake sat evaM cit aMza se jIva kii| jIva tathA jagata donoM ko hI brahma mAnane ke kAraNa isa mata ko brahmavAda nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| brahma saccidAnanda sarvavyApaka, sarvajJa tathA sarvazaktimAna hai| vaha cala bhI hai tathA acala bhI, gamya bhI hai tathA agamya bhI, saguNa bhI hai tathA nirguNa bhii| __ zaMkarAcArya ke mata se nirguNa brahma hI paramatattva hai| vahI satya hai, yaha jagata mithyA hai| parantu zuddhAdvaita ke anusAra jagata tathA jIva kI sattA bhramamUlaka nahIM hai varan vAstavika hai| unake anusAra brahma ke tIna rUpa mahattvapUrNa haiM(1) parabrahma yA puruSottama : parabrahma Adi daivika hai, jise saccidAnaMda bhI kahate haiN| inake anusAra brahma rasa rUpa hai, jisakI prApti kevala bhakti se hI ho sakatI hai| zrI kRSNa hI rasa rUpa parabrahma haiN| jAkI mAyA lakhai na koii| nirguNa saguna dharai bahu soii| agama agocara liilaadhaarii| so rAdhAbasa kuMja bihaarii||2 (2) akSara brahma : - akSara brahma prakRti tathA jIvoM kA upAdAna evaM nimitta kAraNa hai| vahI jJAniyoM kI sAdhanA kA viSaya hai| vahI sRSTi kA pAlana-poSaNa tathA saMhAra karatA hai| vahI brahmA, viSNu tathA maheza kA rUpa dhAraNa kara jIvoM kI utpatti karatA hai| ___ utpatti pAlana deva hari tIna rUpa dhari aavai| viSNu rudra brahmA kari saba preraka aMtarajAmi soii||73 (3) antaryAmI brahma : brahma kA yaha svarUpa samasta AtmAoM meM nivAsa karatA hai| vaha jagata rUpa hai| yahI brahma antaryAmI hokara sRSTi kA saMcAlana karatA hai tathA AvazyakatA par3ane para avatAra dhAraNa karatA hai| vallabha sampradAya ke anusAra sUra ke parabrahma kRSNa hI haiM / vahI rasa rUpa hai, avatAra lete haiM tathA braja bhUmi unakI lIlA dhAma hai evaM brahmA, viSNu aura ziva se Upara hai| nainani nirakhi syAma svarUpa rahyau ghaTa-ghaTa vyApi soI, joti rUpa anuup| carana sapta patAla jAke, sIsa hai aakaash| sUryacandra nakSatra pAvaka sarva tAsu prkaas||74 .

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brahma ke tIna guNa : zuddhAdvaita ke matAnusAra brahma ke tIna guNoM kA varNana milatA hai jise mahAkavi sUra ne sUrasAgara meM nirUpita kiyA hai(1) sarvakartRtva : brahma akelA ramaNa nahIM karatA hai, ataH vaha svayaM hI jIva tathA jagata Adi rUpoM meM pariNata hokara ramaNa karane lagatA hai| sUradAsa ne isa guNa kA bakhAna karate likhA hai sobhA amita apAra akhaMDita Apu aatmaaraam| pUrana brahma prakaTa puru 'ttama 8 vidhi pUrana kaam||75 (2) viruddha dharmAzrayatva :. yaha brahma kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa guNa hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki vaha virodhI karmoM kA Azraya hai| vaha nirAkAra bhI hai to bhI sAkAra hai| nirguNa bhI hai to bhI saguNa hai| vaha eka hai, phira bhI sarvavyApaka hai| vaha acala bhI hai to bhI cala hai| vaha sarvajJa hai, phira bhI ajJAnI hai| vaha bhaktoM ke adhIna hai| sUradAsa kA adholikhita pada inhIM guNoM ko varNita karatA hai ApuhiM puruSa ApuhiM naarii| ApuhiM vAnaprastha vrtdhaarii| ApuhiM mAtA ApuhiM taataa| ApuhiM bhaginI ApuhiM bhraataa| .. ApuhiM paMr3ita ApuhiM jnyaanii| ApuhiM rAjA, ApuhiM raanii|| (3) rasa rUpatva :. brahma rasa rUpa hai arthAt Ananda svarUpa hai| chAndogya-upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki 'raso vai sH'| sUra ne kRSNa ko isa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai tathA kahA hai ki bhaktoM ke pariNAmArtha ve avatAra grahaNa karate haiN| unhoMne hI aneka lokaraMjanakArI lIlAe~ kI haiM bhakta heta avatAra dharau karma dharma ke bala meM nAhIM, joga yajJa mana meM na krauN| dIna guhArI suno sravanani bhari garva vacana suni hRdaya jrauN| bhAva adhIna rahauM saba hI kaiM, aura na kAhU naika ddrauN| brahma kIra Adi lau vyApaka saba ko sukha de dukhahiM harauM / - sUrasAgara meM brahma ko nirUpita karate hue sUra ne saguNa-nirguNa kI samasta mAnyatAoM ko bhagavAn ne samAviSTa kI hai| ye hI brahma aNu-aNu meM vyApta haiN| ve hI adhaH Urdhva tathA sarvatra prakAzamAna haiN| ve hI sRSTi ke racayitA, pAlana-kartA tathA saMhAra kartA haiN| zrI kRSNa hI parabrahma haiM, ve agama haiM, anaMta haiN| unhoMne apane rasAtmaka svarUpa se lokaraMjanakArI A - - % 3D

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lIlAe~ kiiN| ve AtmArAma tathA yogezvara haiN| prakRti, puruSa, nArAyaNa Adi sabhI inhIM ke aMza haiN| ve pUrNAvatAra nirguNAvasthA "acyuta" avinAzI evaM paramAnanda-sukharAzI haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM brahma : jaina-darzana meM brahma kI avadhAraNA vaiSNava darzana se bhinna dRSTikoNa yukta varNita hai| harivaMzapurANa ne bhI brahma kA vivecana apanI pUrNa paramparA ke anusAra kiyA hai| jainadharmAnusAra sRSTi anAdi hai, usakA na to koI racayitA hai tathA na hI paalnkrtaa| yaha sRSTi anAdikAla se isI prakAra cala rahI hai aura calatI rhegii| brahma yA Izvara na to jagatakartA hai evaM na hI phldaataa| koI bhI AtmA bhagavAn banane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai| bhagavAn ananta haiM, ve saMsAra se koI sambandha nahIM rakhate haiN| sRSTi ke saMcAlana meM na unakA hAtha hai aura na hI ve kisI kA bhalA-burA karate haiN| ve na to kisI kI stuti se prasanna hote haiM evaM na hI kisI ke nindA se aprasanna / jaina-darzana ke anusAra sRSTi svayaM siddha hai| sUra ne kucha bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI taraha Izvara kI alaga sattA svIkAra kara use sarvazaktimAna, vyApaka evaM vizvasarjaka mAnA hai parantu jinasena svAmI ne jainamatAnusAra Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| nyAya-darzana kI bhA~ti ve karmaphala niyantA Izvara ko nahIM mAnate haiN| karmaphala ke niyamana ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki karma paramANuoM meM jIvAtmA ke sambandha se eka viziSTa pariNAma samutpanna hote haiN|79 jaina mata ke anusAra Izvara koI vyakti vizeSa nahIM hai| unakA kahanA hai ki jaba manuSya puNya-karmoM ke prabhAva se devatva ko prApta hotA jAtA hai, taba vaha Izvara kahalAtA hai| use hI jaina-darzana meM aha~ta, jina yA "sarvajJa" kahate haiN| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM ahaMta yA jina tIrthaMkaroM ko Izvara mAnA jAtA haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina loga tIrthaMkaroM kI hI pUjA karate haiN| "jIva" apane karmoM ke anusAra svayaM apane sukha-dukha prApta karate haiM, aisI avasthA meM muktAtmAoM tathA arhatoM ko ina jhaMjhaToM meM par3ane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai kyoMki ve kRta-kRtya ho cuke hote haiN| unheM aba kucha karanA bAkI nahIM rahA hai parantu ina aha~toM yA muktAtmAoM kA usa Izvara se koI sambandha nahIM hai jise anya darzanoM * meM saMsAra ke kartA-hartA Izvara kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| isalie jaina dharma ko anIzvaravAdI bhI kahA jAtA hai| jinasenAcArya ke matAnusAra isa sRSTi kA nirmANa kartA Izvara nahIM hai| varan sRSTi kI yaha sthiti, bhAva-abhAva ke advaita-bhAva se ba~dhI huI hai| arthAt dravyArthika naya se bhAva rUpa aura paryAyArthika naya se abhAva rUpa hai, ahetuka hai| yaha kisI kAraNa se utpanna nahIM hai varan anAdi hai aura pAriNAmika hai, svayaM siddha hai.|

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bhAvAbhAvAdvayAdvaitabhAvabaddhA jgtsthitiH| aheturdRzyate tasyAmanAdyA paarinnaamikii||1 jahA~ sUrasAgara meM AtmA ko Izvara ke hAthoM kI kaThaputalI mAnA gayA hai| usameM svayaM koI kArya karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai, svarga-naraka meM bhejane vAlA, sukha-du:kha dene vAlA Izvara hai| Izvara kI preraNA se hI jIva svarga yA naraka meM jAtA hai, vahA~ harivaMzapurANa meM isa siddhAnta kA sarvathA khaNDana milatA hai| usameM kahA hai ki Izvara kisI kA utthAna yA patana karane vAlA nahIM, vaha to vItarAgI hai| AtmA hI svayaM kA utthAna aura patana karatI hai| samIkSA :(1) sUradAsa brahma kA jagatkattA va sarvazaktimAna svarUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki AcArya jinasena brahma kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| (2) sUradAsa ke anusAra brahma apanI lIlA ramaNa kI icchA se sRSTi kA nirmANa karate haM parantu jinasena svAmI ke anusAra sRSTi anAdi hai, svayaMsiddha hai| (3) sUradAsa ke matAnusAra brahma jJAniyoM kI sAdhanA kA viSaya hai| usakA anukampA se hI "mokSa" kI prApti ho sakatI hai, para jinasena svAmI ke anusAra AtmA kI parizuddhi se hI mukti sambhava hai| (4) sUradAsa karmaphala kA niyantA, Izvara ko mAnate haiM jo vyakti ke karmoM kA niyamana karatA hai parantu harivaMzapurANakAra karmoM ke niyamana ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA nahIM mAnate haiM kyoMki karma to eka svataMtra kriyA hai| jisakA phala bhogane meM na to bizeSa zakti vyakti ko karma karane kI preraNA detI hai aura na hI usake saMketoM para vyakti karma karatA hai| (5) sUrasAgara meM jahA~ zrI kRSNa ko parabrahma ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ harivaMzapurANa meM unheM mAtra zalAkApuruSa mAnA hai| sUrasAgara meM harivaMzapurANa kI apekSA "brahma" viSayaka vizada vyAkhyA milatI hai, kyoMki unake kRSNa hI sRSTi ke kartA haiM parantu harivaMzapurANa meM "anIzvaravAda" kA pratipAdana hone ke kAraNa yaha varNana saMkSepa meM hI huA hai| avatAravAda :... sUrasAgara meM jo zrI kRSNa-caritra varNita huA hai, usakI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki kRSNa svayaM mAnava nahIM varan devAdhideva bhagavAn haiM aura ve isa pRthvI para mAnava ke rUpa meM avatarita hue haiN| gItA meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki "jaba jaba pRthvI para dharma kI hAni hotI hai, adharma kA bolabAlA ho jAtA hai, usa samaya paramAtmA avatAra dhAraNa kara dharma kI rakSA karate haiN|182

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zrI kRSNa ke avatAra kA bhI eka nizcita uddezya hai aura vaha yaha ki pRthvI para utpanna daityoM kA saMhAra karanA tathA dharma kI sthApanA krnaa| isI kAraNa kRSNa ko eka alaukika caritra ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| sUra ke anusAra inhIM nirguNa niraMjana pUrNa brahma ne kRSNa ke rUpa meM avatAra lekara aneka lIlAe~ kI, jinakA caturAnana tathA ziva bhI anta nahIM pA ske| pUrana brahma purAna bakhAnai caturAnana siva anta na jaane| gunagana agama-nigama nahiM pAvai, tAhi jasodA goda khilaavai|| eka niraMtara dhyAvai jJAnI, puruSa purAtana so nirvaanii| japa-tapa dhyAna na Avai, soI naMda ke AMgana dhaavai||3 isa prakAra zrI kRSNa ghaTa-ghaTa vAsI haiM tathA ve hI aMza va kalA rUpa meM tathA nita-nita loka vilAsI ke rUpa meM asaMkhya rUpa dhAraNa kara pRthvI para avatarita hote haiN| sUradAsa jI ne kRSNa ko pUrNAvatAra mAnA hai| asuroM ke saMhAra karane ke lie ve avatAra lete haiN| "nirguNAvasthA meM jo acyuta, avinAzI, paramAnanda, sukharAzi haiM ve hI bhUmi bhAra harane ke lie zarIra dhAraNa karate haiM tathA saguNa-rUpa meM avatarita hote haiN|" jaba-jaba hari mAyA te dAnava, prakaTa bhae hai aap| / taba-taba dhari avatAra kRSNa ne kInhoM asura sNhaar|| sUra ke kRSNa parabrahma ke avatAra hone ke kAraNa virATa svarUpa ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiN| nirguNa brahma hI saguNa rUpa meM pariNata huA hai| ve sAdhuoM ke paritrANa ke lie, bhU-bhAra haraNa karane ke lie avatAra dhAraNa karate haiN| ve kisI dharma karma se ba~dhe na hokara dharma-karma tathA yoga yajJa se pare haiN| bhakta heta avatAra dharau karma dharma ke basa meM nAhIM, jo yajJa mana meM na krau| brahma kITa Adi lau vyApaka sabako sukha de dukhahi hrau| 5 isa prakAra sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa ko parabrahma mAnA gayA hai| isa grantha meM brahma svayaM apane agAdha mAhAtmya ko ghoSita karate hue kahate haiM ki maiM jagata meM sarvavyApaka huuN| vedoM meM merA hI guNagAna kiyA hai| maiM hI kartA huuN| maiM hI bhoktA huuN| jo kucha nAnA svarUpa meM cara-acara haiM, vaha saba maiM hI huuN| mere sivAya koI nahIM hai, jo kucha pratIta hotA hai, vaha saba maiM hI huuN| maiM hI viSNu hU~, maiM hI rudra hU~, maiM hI brahmA huuN|| (ka ) mai vyApaka saba jagata veda cAroM mohi gaayauN| __ mai kartA mai bhogatA moM binu ora na koii| 6

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(kha) viSNu vidhi rudra mama rUpa meM tIna huuN| daccha soM vacana saha kaha sunaayoN| zrI kRSNa kI alaukikatA kA mahimAmaya avataraNa sUrasAgara meM sarvatra dikhAI detA hai, jo zuddhAdvaita ke matAnusAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaiSNava paramparA meM yaha viziSTatA sarvatra saMvAhaka hai| cAhe mahAbhArata ho yA harivaMzapurANa, zrImadbhAgavatapurANa ho yA anya koI paurANika kRti, sabhI meM isI avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA ke anusAra kRSNa ko parabrahma ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa aura avatAravAda : jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa meM sUrasAgara kI bhA~ti zrI kRSNa na to bhagavAn ke avatAra haiM tathA na hI svayaM bhgvaan| ve zalAkApuruSa ke rUpa meM nirUpita haiN| jaina-darzana meM avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA mAnya nahIM hai, ataH svAbhAvika hai ki purANakAra ne isI mAnyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhA ho| jaina matAnusAra loka meM viziSTa atizayoM se sampanna puruSa kAlakrama se janma lete rahate haiN| paramparAgata eka kAla-cakra meM triSaSTi zalAkApuruSa janma lete rahate haiN| inakI triSaSTi saMkhyA nimna prakAra se hai| tIrthaMkara caubIsa, cakravartI bAraha, balabhadra nau, vAsudeva nau tathA prativAsudeva nau|8 ... jaina kRtiyoM meM ina zalAkApuruSoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM(1) caubIsa tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha, sambhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, puSpadanta, zItalanAtha, zreyAMsanAtha vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAMtinAtha, kunthunAtha, arahanAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvratanAtha, naminAtha, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha tathA mahAvIra svaamii| (2) bAraha cakravartI bharata, sagara, maghavA, sanatkumAra, zAMtinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha, subhUma mahApadma, hariSeNa, jaya tathA brahmadatta / (3) nau balabhadra- acala, vijaya, sudharma, suprabhu, sudarzana, nAndI, nandi mitra, rAma tathA blraam| (4) nau vAsudeva tripRSTha, dipRSTha, svayaMbhU, puruSottama, nRsiMha, puNDarIka, dattaka, lakSmaNa tathA kRSNa / (5) nau prativAsudeva___ azvagrIva, tAraka, meruka, nizumbha, madhukaiTabha, bali, praharaNa, rAvaNa tathA jraasNdh|

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triSaSTi zalAkApuruSoM meM zrI kRSNa kI gaNanA navama vAsudeva ke rUpa meM hotI hai| unakA pratidvandI navama prativAsudeva hai| harivaMzapurANa meM jinasena svAmI ne isI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para kRSNa-caritra ko citrita kiyA hai| unhoMne kRSNa ko bhagavAn kA avatAra naM. mAnakara arddha cakravartI, arddha bharata-khaNDa ke svAmI tathA trikhaNDAdhipati ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina dharma meM Izvara saMsAra se koI sambandha nahIM rkhte| na to sRSTi ke saMcAlana meM unakA hAtha hai tathA na hI ve kisI kA bhalA-burA karate haiN| na bhagavAn avatAra dhAraNa karate haiM tathA na hI kisI para prasanna hote haiN| isa matAnusAra hI zrI kRSNa bhagavAn kA avatAra na hokara eka mahApuruSa haiM-nauveM nArAyaNa haiN| navamI vAsudevo'yamiti devA jgustdaa|11 isa prakAra harivaMzapurANa meM jo paramAtmA kI kalpanA evaM vivecanA kI gaI hai, vaha sUrasAgara kI mAnyatA se sarvathA bhinna hai| vaidika saMskRti meM jisa avatAravAda ko mahattva pradAna kiyA hai, use jaina-saMskRti ne nahIM mAnA hai| itara saMskRtiyoM ke samAna jaina saMskRti isa mahAn sRSTi ko Izvara nirmita na mAnakara sva-nirmita mAnatI hai| Izvara jagata ke kartA, saMrakSaka tathA vinAzaka nahIM hai tathA na hI ve asuroM kA saMhAra karane ke lie avatarita hote haiN| . sUrasAgara meM kRSNa kA bhAgavata ke AdhAra para viSNu kA avatAra siddha kiyA gayA hai parantu harivaMzapurANa meM unheM jainamatAnusAra zreSTha mAnava rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| vaise harivaMzapurANa meM bhI zrI kRSNa kI aneka alaukika zaktiyoM kA varNana milatA hai, jo mahApuruSoM ke pAsa bhI durlabha hotI hai. parantu unakI yaha bhautika lIlA vIra puruSoM taka hI sImita hai| triSaSTi zalAkApuruSoM meM kRSNa ko sammilita kara harivaMzapurANakAra ne unheM bhagavatkoTi mAnA hai, na ki svayaM bhgvaan| puNya-pApa tattva : dArzanika jagata meM karma kI gati vicitra mAnI jAtI hai| karma ke do rUpa haiM(1) puNya (2) paap| manuSya apane kiye gaye karmoM kA phala nizcita bhogatA hai| puNya karmoM se sukha kI prApti hotI hai to pApa karmoM se du:kha kii| jIva isI sukha-dukha rUpI karmoM ke phala bhoga ke liye janma-dhAraNa karatA hai| saMsAra ke samasta prANI pApa-puNya karmoM meM saMlagna rahate haiN| vaidika kAla se karma ke bAre meM bhAratIya RSiyoM ne kahA hai ki-saMsAra meM karma karate hue sau varSa jIne kI icchA rakhanI caahie| mAnava to kyA devatA bhI apane pApa-puNya karmoM ke anusAra bandhana meM par3ate haiN| kahane kA artha yaha hai %

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ki pavitra karma karane se anta:karaNa zuddha hotA hai tathA pApa-karma karane se du:kha kI prApti hotI hai| Alocya kRtiyA~-sUrasAgara evaM harivaMzapurANa donoM meM pApa-puNya tattva para vizada vizleSaNa milatA hai| donoM granthoM meM puNya para jora diyA gayA hai jo mAnava ke kalyANa hetu sahAyaka hai| sukha-duHkha ko dene vAlA koI nahIM varan vyakti kA karma hai|93 karma ke AdhAra para hI phala kI prApti hotI hai|4 sUra ke matAnusAra jIva karma bandhana meM pha~sakara aneka yoniyoM meM phiratA rahatA hai| vaha karma to karatA hai parantu alpajJAnI tathA alpazaktimAna hone ke kAraNa vaha apane puruSArtha para niyaMtraNa karanA usakI zakti ke bAhara hai| karmaphala jIva ke adhIna nahIM hai bhagavAn karma phala ke dAtA haiN| jo manuSya svayaM ko puruSArthI mAnatA hai, vaha mAyA meM par3akara ahaMkArI bana jAtA hai| dharmaputra tU dekhi vicAra kArana karana hai karatAra nara ke lie kachu nahi hoI, karatA haratA Apahi soii| tAko sumiri rAjya tuma karo, ahaMkAra citta te prihrau| ahaMkAra kie lAgata pApa, sUra syAma bhaji miTe sNtaap||5 manuSya duSkarma karake aneka janmoM ke cakkara meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai parantu prabhu bhajana se use isa bhava-bandhana se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai| - avidyA mAyA ke kAraNa jIva indriya padArtha ko sarvazreSTha samajhane lagatA hai, jisase vaha rAga-dveSa tathA duHkhoM kI prApti karatA hai evaM vaha pApa karmoM kI ora prerita hotA hai| manuSya haribhajana se hI anta:karaNa kI zuddhatA ko prApta karatA hai, jo mokSa phaladAyI hai| kite dina hari bhajana binu khoye| para niMdA rasanA rasa kari ketika janma bigoye| tela lagAi kiyo ruci mardana bastara mali mali dhoye| tilaka lagAu cale svAmI hai, viSayinI ke mukha joye| kAla balI te saba jaga kApyauM, brahmAdika hU~ roai| sUra adhama kI kahau kauna gati, udara bharai pari soai| 6 sUra ke anusAra manuSya kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, chala, kapaTa, dambha ityAdi kAryoM meM pravRtta ho kara jo pApa karma karatA hai, isa pApa karma kI utpatti manuSya ke mana meM mAyA ke prabhAva se hI hotI hai| mAyA se chuTakArA prApta karane ke lie harikRpA jarUrI hai| patita se patita vyakti bhI harikRpA se bhava-pAra ho sakatA hai| sUra ne svayaM ko aisA hI patita, - -

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adhama, abhimAnI, kuTila, khala, kAmI svIkAra karate hue saMsAra ke bandhana se mukti ko prArthanA karate haiN| isake AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki pApI vyakti apane pApoM kA prAyazcitta karake tathA bhagavAn kA nAma smaraNa karake janma-maraNa ke bandhana se mukta ho sakatA hai| (ka) mauM sama kauna kuTila khala kAmI tuma so kahA~ chipI karunAmaya, sabake aNtryaami| sUradAsa prabhu adhama udhArana suniye zrIpati svaamii|27 (kha) aba maiM nAcyoM bahuta gopAla kAma krodha kI pahari colanA kaMTha viSayana maal| mahA moha ke nUpura bAjata niMdA zabda rsaal| sUradAsa kI sabai avidyA dUri karo nNdlaal|18 saMkSepa meM sUra ne nAnA prakAra ke pApa-karmoM ko tyAga kara bhagavad bhakti karane para bala diyA hai| sUra kI bhA~ti jinasena svAmI ne bhI pApa-puNya tattva kA vivecana kiyA hai| parantu unakA yaha varNana jainadarzanAnusAra hai| jaina dharma meM karma para sarvAdhika bala diyA gayA hai| karma bandha do prakAra ke hote haiM (1) puNya bandha tathA (2) pApa bndh| - isameM zubhAyu, zubhanAma, zubhagotra aura sadvaidya ye cAra puNya bandha ke bheda hote haiM tathA karma bandha pApa hai| zubhAyurnAmagotrANi sadvedyaM ca cturvidhH| . puNyabandho'nyakarmANi pApabandhaH prpNcitH||12 puNya karma aneka kalyANa kI prApti karAne vAle hone se sukhoM kA kAraNa hai tathA pApa karma saMsAra meM duHkhoM kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| puNya karma sukha to pradAna karatA hai parantu vaha bhI azubha karma kI taraha jIva ko bA~dhate haiN| kyoMki pApa-puNya donoM hI baMdha hai| pApa kI taraha puNya bhI heya hai| azubhopayoga kI taraha zubhopayoga bhI heya hai| ekamAtra mokSa sukha aura usakA kAraNa zuddhopayoga hI upAdeya hai| puNyAsravaM sukhAnAM hi heturbhyudyaavhH|| hetuH saMsAraduHkhAnAmapuNyAsrava issyte||100 azubha karmoM ke kAraNa arthAt pApa ke kAraNa aneka prANI kleza ko bhogate hue caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM nirantara bhramaNa karate rahate haiM parantu puNya karmoM se unheM trasaparyAya kI prApti hotI hai| saMsAra meM trivarga kI prApti dharma se hotI hai| zubha vRtti se yukta mana,

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vacana, kAya se kiyA gayA dharma hI prANiyoM ko sukha ke AdhArabhUta sthAna svarga, apane mokSa ko pahu~cA sakatA hai| dharma hI uttama maMgala svarUpa hai| samyagdarzana tathA samyagjJAna se sahita ahiMsA, saMyama tathA tapa hI dharma ke lakSaNa haiN| isa saMsAra meM yaha dharma hI saba padArthoM meM uttama hai| vaha utkRSTa sukha kI khAna hai| janma, jarA, maraNa, roga, zoka Adi se utpanna duHkhoM se chuTakAroM ke lie dharma hI arthAt puNya karma hI uttama zaraNa hai| dharmo mNglmutkRssttmhiNsaasNymstpH| tasya lakSaNamuddiSTaM sdRssttijnyaanlkssitm|| dharmo jagati sarvebhyaH padArthebhya ihottmH| kAmadhenuH sa dhenuunaampynuunsukhaakrH|| dharma eva paraM loke zaraNaM shrnnaarthinaam| mRtyujnmjraarogshokduHkhaarktaapinaam||101 harivaMzapurANakAra ne dharma kyA hai? isa viSaya meM gahanatA ke sAtha likhA hai ki ahiMsA, satyabhASaNa, acaurya ora aparigraha tathA brahmacarya ye pA~ca mahAvrata, manogupti, vacana gupti tathA kAyagupti ye tIna guptiyA~, iryA, bhASA-eSaNA, AdAna-nikSepaNa tathA pratiSThApana ye pA~ca samitiyAM tathA vidyamAna samasta sAvadha yoga kA tyAga hI dharma hai| isa bhA~ti donoM hI Alocya kRtiyoM meM pApa-puNya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| mokSa kI prApti hetu pApa karmoM kA tyAga atyAvazyaka hai| puNya karmoM se vyakti ko sukhoM kI prApti hotI hai| pApa tathA. puNya donoM bandhana haiM jo vyakti ko janma-maraNa-cakra meM bA~dhe rahate haiN| sUrasAgara meM mokSa kI prApti bhagavad anukampA se sambhava hai, vahA~ harivaMzapurANa meM mokSa prApti hetu zubha vRtti se kiye gaye dharma para jora diyA gayA hai| * pApa-puNya tathA usakI phalazruti meM ekarUpatA hone ke uparAnta bhI mokSa-prApti ke sambandha meM donoM kRtiyoM meM tAttvika antara hai| pApa karmoM ko chor3e binA, zubha karmoM meM udyata nahIM ho sakate haiN| na to bhagavad-bhakti ho sakatI hai tathA na hI dharma kA paaln| ataH vyakti ko pApa karmoM se dUra rahakara puNya karmoM meM jur3a jAnA hI usake kalyANa hetu zreyaskara hai| jaise--ber3I sone kI ho yA lohe kI, vyakti ko bandhana meM bA~dhatI hai, ThIka usI prakAra pApa-puNya bandhana haiN| parantu puNya karmoM se vyakti apane aMtima-lakSya kI ora agrasara ho sakatA hai, jisameM usakA kalyANa nihita hai| harivaMzapurANa kA yaha tAttvika vivecana sUrasAgara se bhI adhika gahanatA kI ora le jAtA hai| punarjanma :_ . punarjanma kA |sddhaant karma-siddhAnta kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| mAnava janma-maraNa kI vibhISikA se Dara kara usase mukti pAne hetu japa-tapa, pUjA-arcanA, dhyAna, bhakti ityAdi karatA hai| bhAratIya darzana ke anusAra jo jaisA karma karatA hai, use vaisA hI phala -2376 - -

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milatA hai| acche karmoM se acchA phala milatA hai ataH satkarmoM para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra mAnava kA utthAna yA adha:patana hotA hai| mAnava karma-vipAka ke anusAra janma ke bAda maraNa tathA maraNa ke bAda janma grahaNa karatA hai, aura isa prakAra vaha bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ke gatizIla cakra meM nirantara ghUmatA rahatA hai| ___bhAratIya darzanAnusAra mRtyu ke bAda AtmA vidyamAna rahatI hai| jaise svarNakAra sone ke eka Tukar3e se eka AkRti banAne ke pazcAt dUsarI navIna evaM sundaratama AkRti banAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha AtmA isa zarIra ko chor3akara navInatama evaM sundara zarIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai| AtmA kI yaha yAtrA usake yogya pAtheya, pUrvajanma meM kiye acche-bure karmoM para AdhArita rahatI hai| ___ sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa donoM granthoM meM isa tathya ko pUrNarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isI AvAgamana se chuTakArA pAne hetu sUra ne bhakti para vizeSa bala dete hue kahA hai ki-hari smaraNa binA na jAne kitane hI janma kho diye haiM, usase kucha bhI prApta nahIM huA hai varan viSayoM saMga aneka yAtanAe~ hI sahana karanI par3I hai| phira bhI mAnava isa ora dhyAna nahIM detA kyoMki usakA svabhAva hI kucha aisA bana gayA ki juga-juga janma marana aru bichurana, saba samajhata mata mev| jyoM dinakara hi ulUka na mAnata pari AI yaha ttev||103 sUrasAgara meM vidyamAna sUra kI samasta bhakti isI AvAgamana ke chuTakAre ke lie hai| unakA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki manuSya punarjanma ke cakkara meM se, bhakti se hI mukti prApta kara sakatA hai| binA bhakti ke manuSya telI ke baila kI bhA~ti cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai| sUra ne kRSNa-bhakti meM "navadhA-bhakti"104 ke sabhI aMgoM kI puSTi kI hai| isake uparAnta bhakti hetu bhakti mArga meM bAla-lIlA, yazodA-vilApa, govardhana-dhAraNa, mAnalIlA, gopiyoM kA viraha, bhramaragIta ityAdi ko liyA hai| jisameM vAtsalya bhakti, sakhya bhakti tathA madhurA bhakti kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| sUra ke anusAra sabhI janmoM meM manuSya janma durlabha hai| caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM zubha-karmoM dvArA yaha janma milatA hai aura isa janma meM bhI jo paramAtmA kI bhakti kara chuTakArA prApta nahIM kara sakatA, usakI mukti kaise sambhava ho sakatI hai? kavi ziromaNi sUra, apane Apako patitoM kA saratAja, kuTila, abhimAnI, aparAdhI mAnakara bhava bandhana se chuTakAre hetu prabhu-prArthanA karate haiM ki maiM lajjAhIna hU~, aneka janmoM se bekAra meM bhaTakatA rahA hU~ parantu aba Apa karuNA ke sAgara, patita pAvana ho mujhe isa bhavasAgara se pAra karo(ka) mAdho jU mohiM kAhe kI laaj| janma-janma yau~ hI bharamAyo, abhimAnI bekaaj| /

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thala jala jIva jIte jaga, jIvana nirakhe duHkhita bhaye dev| guna avaguna kI samujha kI saMkA, pari AI yaha ttev|| isa prakAra punarjanma ke siddhAntoM ko sUrasAgara meM pUrNa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai tathA usase chuTakAre hetu manuSya janma ko hI sarvazreSTha batalAyA hai| jo use usake chuTakAre puNya karmoM ke bAda prApta hotA hai| isa janma meM paramAtmA kI bhakti se vaha mukti ko prApta kara sakatA hai| - harivaMzapurANa meM isI tattva kI vivecanA kucha dUsare DhaMga se milatI hai| punarjanma ke sambandha meM usameM bhI prANI ko caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM ke cakkara meM ghUmatA huA nirUpita kiyA hai| _ jaba jIva apane svarUpa ko bhUlakara karma ke bandhana meM par3atA hai, to use bandha kahate haiM aura yahI bandha punarjanma hai|05 jIva kA bAra-bAra janma lenA punarjanma kahalAtA hai tathA yaha punarjanma karmoM ke anusAra hotA hai| manuSya janma zubha karmoM kI prApti hai| jIva avidyA tathA rAga se saMzliSTa hotA huA isa AvAgamana ke cakkara meM nirantara bhramaNa karatA hai parantu vairAgya se zuddha hotA huA pUrNasvabhAva meM sthita ho siddha ho jAtA hai| avidyArAgasaMkliSTo bambhramIti bhvaarnnve|| vidyAvairAgyazuddhaHsan siddhytyviklsthitiH||106 purANakAra ne punarjanma kA kAraNa kaSAya catuSTaya batAyA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya kahe gaye haiN| mana kI zuddhi se kaSAya dUra ho sakate haiN| mana kI zuddhi karane hetu sadAcAra, saMyama, sadbhAvanA kI jarUrata hotI hai| - purANAnusAra bandha ke cAra bheda hote haiN| prakRti, sthiti, anubhava tathA prdesh-bndh| (1) prakRti bandha : prakRti kA artha svabhAva se hai| jaise--nIma kI prakRti tikta hai| usI prakAra sabhI karmoM kI apanI-apanI prakRti niyata rUpa se sthita hai| prakRti-bandha ATha prakAra kA hotA hai-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya, antarAya, Ayu, nAma, gotra tathA vedniiy| jinasena svAmI ne ina bhedoM kI bhI savistAra carcA kI hai| (2) sthiti bandha : isakA artha hai prakRti (svabhAva) ko na chodd'naa| jisa prakAra gAya-bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha meM nizcita samaya taka mIThAsa rahatI hai, usI prakAra kucha samaya taka karma kI apanI prakRti meM sthira rahatA hai tathA nizcita samaya taka apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA hai-yahI sthiti-bandha hai| .. - -

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yathAjAgomahiSyAdikSIrINAM svsvbhaavtH| mAdhuryAdacyutistadvatkarmaNAM prkRtisthitiH||108 - (3) anubhava bandha : anubhava bandha kA artha hai jisameM karma karane kI zakti ho| jaise gAya, bhaiMsa ke dUdha meM rasa vizeSa tIvra yA manda Adi bhAva se rahatA hai usI prakAra karma rUpa pudgala bhI sAmarthya vizeSa tIvra athavA manda Adi bhAva se rahatA hai| yahI anubhava-bandha hai|09 . (4) pradeza bandha :... karma zarIra ke dviguNa Adi ananta avyayoM vAle skandhoM kA apane avyayoM meM praveza kara jAnA "pradeza bandha" kahalAtA hai| prakRti aura pradeza-bandha yoga ke nimitta se hote haiM jabaki sthiti kA anubhava bandha kaSAya ke nimitta se mAne gaye haiN|110 donoM hI Alocya kRtiyoM meM punarjanma kI svIkRti hone ke uparAnta bhI dRSTi-bheda vicAraNIya hai| sUrasAgara meM jIva ko punarjanma ke cakkara meM ghUmate hue batalAyA hai tathA usakI mukti bhakti dvArA hI sambhava hai| harivaMzapurANa meM na kevala punarjanma ke cakkara kI bAta kahI hai varan usake aneka kAraNa tathA bheda ityAdi para savistAra ullekha kiyA hai| sUra ne mukhyataH bhakti para vizeSa bala diyA hai parantu jinasena svAmI ne mana kI zuddhi pr| vaise sUra kI bhakti bhI mana kI zuddhatA ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| lekina jinasenAcArya ne jainadarzanAnusAra isa bAta ko atyadhika gaharAI se ullekhita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| isa prakAra punarjanma ke sambandha meM inakA tAttvika bheda draSTavya hai| jIva, AtmA, mokSa, brahma, avatAravAda tathA punarjanma ityAdi tattvoM ke vivecana ke bAda hama kucha aise tattvoM para bhI vicAra kareMge jo donoM granthoM meM bilkula alaga par3ate haiN| arthAt jinakA eka ke sivAya dUsarI kRti meM leza mAtra bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| aise tattvoM meM sUrasAgara meM varNita rAsatattva tathA harivaMzapurANa meM nirUpita syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda mahattvapUrNa haiN| ina do binduoM ke vivecana binA hamArA dArzanika tattvoM kA yaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana adhUrA lgegaa| "sUrasAgara" meM varNita "rAsa" zuddhAdvaita ke mUlAdhAra para nirUpita hai, yaha AdhyAtmika evaM alaukikatA se pUrNarUpeNa sambandhita hai| isI prakAra harivaMzapurANa meM varNita syAdvAda, jaina dharma kI nIMva hai| ise jaina-darzana ke mUla tattvoM meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| ataH unakA ullekha karanA bhI prasaMgocita hogaa| sUrasAgara aura rAsa : "rAsa" ko AdhyAtmika tathA alaukika rasAvasthA se sambaddha mAnA hai| DaoN. dInadayAla gupta ne "rasa" (Ananda) ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM--(1) laukika viSayAnanda, (2) alaukika brahmAnanda, (3) kaavyaannd|11 yaha nAma-rUpAtmaka saMsAra kAvyAnaMda para AdhArita hai ataH AdhyAtmika dRSTi se isameM Ananda kI mAtrA svalpa rahatI hai| laukika -

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viSayAnanda kA Alambana kSaNika hai ataH yaha nazvara hai| brahmAnanda rasa ke vibhAvAdi upakaraNa bhagavAn svayaM hote haiM ataH yaha sarvottama rasa mAnA jAtA hai| isase bhI zreSTha bhagavAn kRSya ko vibhAva mAnakara usake dvArA jisa rasa kI utpatti hotI hai-vaha "brahmarasa" hai| AcArya vallabha ne ise bhajanAnanda kahA hai / 112 isa prakAra laukika viSayAnanda tathA kAvyarasa se itara rasa rUpa zrI kRSNa (raso vai saH) ke saMsarga se lIlAoM meM jo rasa samUha mile vaha rAsa hai tathA yaha rasa-samUha gopI-kRSNa kI zarad rAtri kI lIlA meM apane pUrNa rUpa meM sthita batAyA gayA hai|113 DaoN0 guptA ne "rAsa" ke tIna bheda batalAe haiM(1) nitya rAsa-nitya goloka kA raas| (2) avatarita rAsa--(naimittika rAsa) kRSNAvatAra kA raas| (3) anukaraNAtmaka rAsa--abhinayAtmaka rAsa jo mAnasika evaM daihika rUpoM meM jo do prakAra kA hai| bhakti ke mukhya cAra bhAva haiM-dAsya, sakhya, vAtsalya tathA mAdhurya / ina cAroM bhAvoM meM mAdhurya bhAva sarvazreSTha hai kyoMki isa bhAva kI carama AnandAnubhUti rAsarasAnubhUti meM hI hotI hai| zuddhAdvaita ke pravartaka vallabhAcArya ke matAnusAra madhura bhAva ke upAsaka "puSTi-bhakta" ko hI rAsa-lIlA meM praveza rUpa mokSa mila sakatA hai| gopI rUpa meM jIva kA rasezvara zrI kRSNa kA milana hI puSTi-bhakta kI carama icchA hotI hai| sUrasAgara meM rAsa ke Ananda ko brahmAnanda se bhI vilakSaNa rasAnanda batAyA hai| ise dekhakara sabhI sura-nara mohita ho gaye . tathA bhagavAn zaMkara kI samAdhi bhI TUTa gii| jo rasa rAsaraMga hari kInhauM, veda nahIM tthhraanyau| sura-nara muni mohita bhae sabahI, sivahu samAdhi bhulaanyau||114 sUradAsa svIkAra kara rahe haiM ki "rAsa" varNana ke lie jaisI buddhi tathA mana cAhie, vaha. mere pAsa nahIM hai| jisa para parama kRpAlu bhagavAn kI kRpA hotI hai, vahI isa rAsa rasAnanda ko prApta kara sakatA hai| bhAva-pUrNa bhajane para hI rAsa-rasAnanda kI prApti sambhava hai| - rAsa rasa rIti barani na aavai| kahA~ tesI buddhi, kahA~ vaha mana lahyau, kahA~ vaha citatiya bhrama bhuulaavai| jo kahA~ kauna mAnai jo nigama agama, kRpA binu nahiM pArasahi paavai|115 - rAsa-rasAnanda ke darzana karake braja kI lalanAoM ko bhI brajavadhU na hone kA . pazcAttApa hone lgaa| ve kahane lagI ki vidhi ne hamAre ko isa "harisaMga" sukha se kyoM vaMcita rakhA

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hamako vidhi brajavadhU na kInhIM kahA~ amarapura bAsa bhe| . bAra-bAra pachitAtI yahe kahi sukha hoto hari-saMga rahaiM // 16 itanA nahIM "rAsa" ko dekhane ke lie sabhI devI-devatA apane-apane vimAnoM meM baiThakara gokula aae| unhoMne brajavAsI, brajabAlA, braja kI dharA, tAla-vitAla, vaMzIvaTa, yamunA taTa ityAdi ko dhanya kaha una para puSpa vRSTi kii| ___rAsa ke Ananda hetu vaikuNThapati nArAyaNa bhI lAlAyita haiN| gokula meM ho rahI rAsa kI dhvani vaikuNTha taka phuNcii| nArAyaNa bhI lakSmI ke sAtha vaikuNTha se gokula meM aaye| unhoMne zrI kRSNa kI rAsakrIr3A ko nirnimeSa dRSTi se dekhA tathA kahA ki aisA sukha / tribhuvana meM kahIM nahIM hai| muralI dhuni vaikuNTha gaI nArAyaNa-kamalA suni daMpati, ati ruci hRdaya bhii| sUra nirakhi nArAyaNa eka-Taka, bhUle naina nimess|117 ... itanA hI nahIM rAsa ke akhaMDa, apAra, anupama, adbhuta Ananda ko dekhakara samasta sura, kinnara, muni, nArada, ziva ityAdi "rAsa lIlA dhAma" vRndAvana ko tathA adbhuta rAsa rasezvara zrI kRSNa ko dhanya kaha rahe haiN| sUra ne apane samasta kAvya meM isa bAta para sarvAdhika bala diyA hai ki bhagavAn kRSNa kA Ananda svarUpa prema para hI AdhArita hai| unake anusAra bhagavAna ne krIr3A ke lie sRSTi kA pariNamana kiyA hai tathA Ananda-krIr3A kI carama-pariNati rAsa-krIr3A hai| bhU-loka kI rAsa-krIr3A nitya vaikuNTha brajadhAma ke nitya-rAsa kA avatIrNa rUpa hai| yaha rAsa-lIlA pratIkAtmaka artha meM nirUpita hai jisakA aneka vidvAnoM ne apane-apane matAnusAra arthaghaTana kiyA hai| rAsa kA pratIkAtmaka artha : - rAsa-lIlA ke pratIkArtha ke sambandha meM dArzanika grantho meM bahuta hI vistAra se varNana milatA hai| yaha brahmAnanda se utkRSTa aura bhajanAnanda kI saMjJA se suzobhita kI gaI hai| bhAgavata kI rAsa paMcAdhyAyI ko bhAgavata ke pA~ca prANa mAnate haiN| gopiyoM ko vallabhAcArya ne siddhi-svarUpA zaktiyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| inake sAtha krIr3A karanA bhagavAn kA aparokSa bhoga kahA gayA hai| gopiyoM kA parivAra va samAja- vyavahAra kA tyAga karanA, unake dharma, artha, kAma kA parityAga hai| bhagavAn ke ramaNa rUpI phala ko prApta karane ke lie viveka tathA vairAgya sAdhanoM kI siddhatA Avazyaka hai| gopiyoM ne apane gRha-vyavahAroM kA tyAga kara inhIM viveka aura vairAgya sAdhanoM ko siddha kiyaa|18

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DaoN0 harivaMzalAla zarmA ne rAsalIlA ko eka vaijJAnika rUpa meM prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki-eka mukhya kendra ke AkarSaNa ke anusAra isameM cAroM ora gatimAna AzritoM kI jo gati hotI hai, use rAsa kahate haiN| "saura-maNDala" kA sUrya kendra hai, aura usake AkarSaNa ke kAraNa sUrya ke cAroM ora sthita graha evaM upagraha gatimAna haiN| yahI unakI rAsa-lIlA hai|119 rAdhAvallabha sampradAya meM isa lIlA ko zrIlAlajI (zrI kRSNa) prematattva (hitatattva) ke vikAsa ke lie mAnA gayA hai| rAsa-lIlA ke eka hI tattva, hitatattva zrI kRSNa va gopI rUpa meM AvirbhUta hotA hai|120 mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 giradhara zarmA caturvedI ne rAsa-rahasya ko vaidika vijJAna pratIkAtmakatA ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai| unhoMne rAsa-lIlA kA sambandha candramA se sthApita kiyA hai| candramA rAzi cakra meM rAsa-lIlA karatA hai| nakSatroM kI gaNanA kRtikA se kI jAtI hai| isake anusAra vizAkhA nakSatra madhya meM hone ke kAraNa vaha rAsezvarI hai isakA dUsarA nAma "rAdhA" bhI hai| isake Age nakSatra ko anurAdhA kahA jAtA hai| jisa pUrNimA ko candramA vizAkhA nakSatra para rahatA hai, usa dina sUrya kRtikA nakSatra para rahatA hai| sammukha sthita sUrya kI suSumnA rAzi se vizAkhAyukta candramA prakAzita hotA hai| kRtikA kA sUrya vRSa rAzi kA hotA hai ataH rAdhA ko vRSabhAnu-sutA kahA jAtA hai| tadanantara jaba pUrNa candramA rAdhA ke ThIka sammukha bhAga meM kRtikA paTa AtA hai usa samaya kArtika pUrNimA yA rAsa-krIr3A kA pramukha dina hotA hai|121 "rAjayoga" meM gopI ko indriyoM kA pratIka mAnakara rAsa-krIr3A kI pratIka paraka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| ina indriyoM kA adhyakSa mana-hRdaya padmarUpI hRdaya meM nivAsa karatA hai| vahIM indriyoM kA pAlaka hai| mana kI vRttiyA~ hI gopamana kI brajAMganAe~ haiN| unakA apane manarUpI pati ke sAtha ramaNa na karake nitya sarvAkarSaNa kRSNa (Atma tattva) ke sAtha ramaNa rAsa-krIr3A hai| premayoga ke anusAra manuSya kI prakRtigata AtmA dvArA bhAgavata AtmA kI premamaya khoja ko rAsa-krIr3A kA pratIka banAyA hai| prakRtigata AtmA bhAgavata AtmA ke saundarya meM vimohita ho usakI ora daur3atI hai tathA milana karatI hai|122 .. harivaMzapurANa meM bhI zrI kRSNa dvArA rAsa-krIDA karane kA saMketa milatA hai| kumAra kRSNa atizaya yauvana ke unmAda se bharI gopa-kanyAoM ke sAtha krIr3A karate haiN|122 parantu yaha varNana saMkSepa meM hai| purANakAra ne mAtra isakA saMketa hI kiyA hai jabaki sUra kA mana to isa lIlA meM varNana meM atyadhika ramA hai kyoMki unake anusAra rAsa "brahmAnanda" hai| "rAsa-lIlA' meM rAdhA-gopI tathA vRndAvana, goloka kA atyadhika mahattva hai ataH inakA bhI saMkSipta varNana karanA prasaMgocitta hai| -2436 -

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rAdhA-gopI : sUra ne vallabha vedAnta ke anusAra hI gopikAoM kA parabrahma zrI kRSNa kI paramAnandamayI zakti kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| rAdhA ko puruSa kRSNa kI prakRti kahakara donoM kI ekatA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|124 rAdhA ko sUra ne zakti kahakara unheM devatAoM kI muniyoM kI svAminI kahA hai| usake saundarya ne tribhuvana ko mohita kara rakhA hai| nIlAmbara pahire tanubhAmini, janudhana damakati daamini| sesa, mahesa, ganesa, sukAdika nAradAdi kI svaamini|125 "rAdhA" jagajjananI hai, vaha jagadIza ko pyArI hai| vRndAvana meM nitya gopAla ke sAtha vihAra karane vAlI agaNita kI gati, bhaktoM kI svAminI, maMgaladAyinI, azaraNa-zaraNI, bhava-bhaya-haranI evaM veda tathA purANoM meM jisakI aghA-aghAkara stuti kI gaI hai vaha paramezvarI zrI kRSNa kI Adyazakti evaM svAminI rAdhA hI hai|126 jaMga nAyaka jagadIza pyArI jagata jananI jgraanii| .. nita vihAra gopAla lAla saMga vRndAvana rjdhaanii| agatina kI gati bhaktana kI prati rAdhA mNglkaarii| . . asarana saranI bhava bhayaharanI veda purAna bkhaanii|127 . sUrasAgara "rAdhA" ke sAtha gopikAoM ke kaI bhAva nirUpita hue haiN| ve nitya goloka meM hone vAlI nityarAsa meM bhagavAn kRSNa kI Ananda prasAriNI zaktiyA~ haiN| gopiyA~ kahIM para svakIyA haiM to kahIM para parakIyA svarUpa meM haiN| gopI-bhAva ke antargata sUra ne do rUpa svIkAra kie haiN| eka Izvara kI Ananda sRSTikAriNI paramAtma zakti kA rUpa evaM dUsarA kAntA bhAva se bhagavAn zrI kRSNa kI bhakti karane vAle ananya bhaktoM kA ruup|128 vRndAvana-goloka : zuddhAdvaita meM lIlAdhAma kA vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| yaha lIlAdhAma vRndAvana yA brajabhUmi hai| vRndAvana bhagavAn ke nitya lIlAdhAma kA, goloka kA avatarita rUpa mAnA jAtA hai| bhagavAn kA apane lIlAdhAma vRndAvana se kabhI bhI viyoga nahIM hotA hai, yahA~ ve nitya lIlA karate haiN| mAdhurya bhakti kI pUrNatA bhI vRndAvana meM hI hai| ___ sUra ne brahmA ke mukha se avatIrNa braja kI zobhA kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha apratima hai|129 lIlAdhAma ke sambandha meM zuddhAdvaita mata kI dArzanika mAnyatA ko sUra ne bar3I khUbI ke sAtha bhAvAtmaka svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| braja kI zobhA kA yaha pada draSTavya hai jisameM zrI kRSNa uddhava ke samakSa apanA hRdaya kholakara rakha dete haiN| bhAvAtmaka

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tathA dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA sundara samanvaya isa pada kI anya vizeSatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| uddhau mohi braja bisarata naahiN| haMsa sutA kI sundara kagarI kuMjana kI prchaaNhii| yA mathurA kaMcana kI nagarI mani muktAhala jaahii| jabahi sUrati utAvana tana kI jiya umagata tanu naahiiN|130 mahAkavi sUra ne vRndAvana ko bhagavAn kA nijadhAma isa prakAra ghoSita kiyA hai zobhA amita apa akhaa| Apa aatmaaraam| pUrana brahma prakaTa puruSottama sabavidhi pUrana kaam| vRndAvana nijadhAma parama ruci varNana kiyau bddh'aay|131 lIlAdhAma hI paramadhAma hai| isI paramadhAma ke sparza se sUra kA duHkha dainya dUra huA, unakA ghighiyAnA banda ho gayA tathA kRSNa ke guNagAna meM pravRtta ho gye| kRSNa lIlA ke guNagAna meM sUra ne apane jIvana kI sArthakatA pramANita kara dii| sUra ke alAvA bhI aneka kRSNa bhakta kaviyoM ne vRndAvana ke mahattva ko nirUpita kiyA hai| rasakhAna jaise samartha kavi ne yaha kahA ki-"mAnuSa ho to vahI rasakhAna, basau braja gokula gA~va ke gvaarn"| mahAkavi bihArI ne bhI kRSNa-rAdhikA ke nikuMja dhAma kA braja ke paga-paga ko prayAgarAja kahA hai|32 . . : vallabha-darzana meM brahma ke tIna rUpoM meM se saccidAnanda brahma ko rasa rUpa mAnA hai tathA bhagavAn kA yaha rasa rUpa vRndAvana meM nitya vihAra karatA hai| sUra ne isI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para goloka vRndAvana kA mahimAgAna kiyA hai| - sUra kI dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke bAre meM DaoN0 dvivedI ne kahA hai ki-"sUrasAgara meM zuddhAdvaita darzana kI sampUrNa bAtoM kA samAveza dikhAI detA hai| sUra kI cittavRtti bhI isameM pUrNa rUpa se ramI hai, isI kAraNa unake kAvya meM zuddhAdvaita kA sampUrNa sAmaMjasya dikhAI detA hai| lekina dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke pratipAdana meM bhI sUra kI kAvyAtmakatA ko kahIM para bhI AghAta nahIM lagA hai| sUra eka tattvacintaka na hokara saMvedanazIla kavi hai| ataH unakI kAvyadhArA tamAma dArzanika mAnyatAoM se Upara uThakara pravAhita huI haiN| sUra kI kavitA mAtra dArzanika sImAoM se sAmaMjasya sthApita karatI huI nahIM calatI varan usameM pratyeka jagaha udAttatA hai, jo unakI vilakSaNa kAvya pratibhA kI paricAyaka hai| darzana ke himakhaMDa, kAvya gaMgA ke pravAha meM pUrNarUpa se vilIna ho gaye haiM--yahI sUra kAvya kI vizeSatA hai|"133

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harivaMzapurANa aura syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda :- . - jaina paramparA meM sAmyadaSTi-AcAra aura vicAra donoM meM vyakta huI hai| AcAra sAmya dRSTi ne hI sUkSma ahiMsA-bhAva ko janma diyA aura vicAra sAmya dRSTi kI bhAvanA ne hI anekAntavAda ko janma diyaa|34 jaina-darzana meM syAdvAda pratyeka jJAna ko samanvita rUpa meM dekhatA hai| usa pratyeka naya meM syAt zabda kA prayoga abhISTa hai| syAt zabda as (honA) dhAtu ke vidhi liGga ke ekavacana kA rUpa hai jisakA artha hai-ho sakatA hai, sambhava hai yA shaayd|135 dArzanika jagata meM jaina-darzana kI yaha maulika aura asAdhAraNa bAta hai| isameM anekAnta kA siddhAnta sarvopari hai| isake anusAra vastu ko aneka dRSTikoNa se dekhA jA sakatA hai| jaise AtmA ko jaba dravyAdika naya se dekhate haiM to vaha eka hai, jJAnanaMya kI dRSTi se, vaha do hai tathA jaba aneka avayavoM kI apekSA dekhate haiM to vaha aneka hai| yaha siddhAnta eka navIna vicAradhArA hai jisameM samasta virodhoM kA upazamana ho jAtA hai| anekAntavAda samasta dArzanika samasyAoM tathA bhramaNAoM ke nivAraNa kA samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| yaha jainAcAryoM kI samanvayAtmaka udAra bhAvanA kA paricAyaka hai| ekAMta vastugata dharma nahIM hai, parantu buddhigata kalpanA hai| jaba buddhi zuddha hotI hai, taba ekAMta kA nAma-nizAna nahIM rahatA hai| prasiddha vidvAn yazovijaya ne likhA hai ki "saccA anekAntavAdI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM kara sakatA hai| vaha nayAtmaka darzanoM ko vAtsalya kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai ki jisa prakAra pitA apane putra ko dekhatA hai| anekAntavAdI na kisI ko nyUna tathA na kisI ko adhika samajhatA hai| vaha sabake prati samabhAva hotA hai| vAstava meM saccA zAstrajJa kahalAne kA adhikArI bhI vahI hai jo anekAntavAda kA Alambana lekara samasta darzanoM se Upara samabhAva rakhatA ho| madhyastha bhAva meM rahane se zAstra ke eka pada kA jJAna bhI saphala hai anyathA koTi-koTi zAstroM kA abhyAsa karane se koI lAbha nhiiN||136 syAdvAda eka dRSTikoNa hai| yaha dRSTikoNa jaba taka vicAra rUpa hai, taba vaha anekAnta hai| anekAnta kA artha hotA hai ki jisameM kisI eka ke anta kA Agraha na ho, kisI eka pakSa vizeSa yA dharma vizeSa kA Agraha na ho| yaha eka vicAra hai, dRSTikoNa hai, samajhane kA eka sanmArga hai| yahI anekAntavAda jaina-dharma kI AdhArazIlA hai| pratyeka vastu aneka guNoM, aneka vizeSatAoM kA samUha hotA hai, vastu ke pratyeka avasthAoM para vicAra karanA anekAntavAda hai| siddhasena divAkara ne kahA hai ki-"isa anekAntavAda ke binA loka kA vyavahAra cala nahIM sktaa|" maiM usa anekAnta ko namaskAra karatA hU~, jo jana-jana ke jIvana ko Alokita karane vAlA guru hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra pratyeka vastu sat bhI hai tathA asat bhii| vaha apane nija rUpa se to - - - -

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hai aura para rUpa se nahIM hai jaise dUdha, dUdha rUpa se sat, dahI ke rUpa meM asat hai| yaha anekAntavAda sapta bhaGgI naya para AdhArita hai| purANakAra ne anekAntavAda ke sAtoM naya kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki jIvAdi nau padArthoM kA sat, asat, ubhaya, avaktavya, sad-avaktavya, asad-avaktavya evaM ubhayaavaktavya ina do bhaMgoM se kauna jAnatA hai? isake AjJAnika-mithyAdRSTiyoM se tresaTha bheda hote haiN|137 saptabhaGgInaya para AdhArita anekAntavAda use kahate haiM, jisameM sAta vAkya hoN| ve sAta vAkya nimnalikhita haiM(1) syAdasti ghaTaH - zAyada ghar3A hai| (2) syAnnAsti ghaTaH - zAyada ghar3A nahIM hai| (3) syAdasti ghaTaH? - zAyada ghar3A hai aura nahIM bhI hai| (4) syAdavaktavyo ghaTaH - zAyada ghar3A varNanAtIta hai| (5) syAdasti cAvaktavyazca ghaTaH - zAyada ghar3A hai bhI aura avaktavya bhI hai| (6) syAnnAsti cAvaktavyazca ghaTaH - zAyada ghar3A nahIM hai aura avaktavya bhI hai| (7) syAdasti nAsti cAvaktavyazca ghaTaH - zAyada ghar3A bhI nahIM hai aura avaktavya bhI isa mata ke anusAra eka vastu kA nizcaya karane ke lie una para aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra karanA par3atA hai| jainoM ke isa mata kI AlocanA bhI aneka vidvAnoM ne kI hai| zrI rAmAnujAcArya ne kahA hai ki bhAva aura abhAva ye donoM paraspara virodhI guNa kisI eka padArtha meM nahIM raha sakate, jaise-ki prakAza aura andhakAra eka jagaha nahIM raha skte|138 .. ___zaMkarAcArya kA bhI yahI mata hai| vaise saptabhaGgI naya ke prArambha ke cAra bhaGga hI sArthaka haiM kyoMki jaina-AgamoM meM bhI vidhi, niSedha, ubhaya tathA anubhaya ina cAroM pakSoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isI AdhAra para ye cAra vAkya mahattvapUrNa hai| (1) syAdasti - (vidhi) (2) syAnAsti - (niSedha) (3) syAdasti nAsti ca - (ubhaya) (4) syAdavaktavya - (anubhaya) .... jainadarzana kI mAnyatAnusAra pratyeka padArtha ananta dharmAtmaka hai| ananta dharmAtmakatA ke binA kisI padArtha astitva kI kalpanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, parantu vastu viSaya kA koI bhI nirNaya sApekSa satya hai| aisA samajhakara jo pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai, jo dRSTibindu

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hotA hai, vaha "naya" hai| ananta dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ke bodha ke abhiprAya kA jJAna "nayaM" hai| eka dharma grahaNa karane ke bAvajUda bhI dUsare dharmoM kA na to niSedha hotA hai aura na hI vidhAna hotA hai, kyoMki niSedha karane se durnaya ho jAtA hai| purANakAra ne naya ke mukhya do bheda kiye haiM - dravyAdika tathA pryaayaarthik| ... nayo'nekAtmani dravye niytaikaatmsNgrhH| dravyArthiko yathArtho'nyaH paryAyArthika eva ca // 139 inameM dravyArthika "naya" yathArtha hai tathA paryAyArthika "naya" ayathArtha hai| ye donoM mUla "naya" haiM tathA donoM hI paraspara sApekSa haiN| acchI taraha dekhe gaye naigama, saMgraha Adi inhIM nayoM ke bheda haiN| naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ye sAta naya haiN| inameM Arambha ke tIna naya dravyArthika haiM tathA ye sAmAnya ko viSaya karate haiM tathA avaziSTa cAra naya paryAyArthika naya ke bheda haiN| ve vizeSa ko viSaya karate haiN| naigamaH saMgrahazcAtra vyvhaarrjusuutrko| zabdaH samabhirUDhAkhya evaMbhUtazca te nyaaH|| trayo dravyArthikasyAdyA bhedAH saamaanygocraaH| syuH paryAyArthikasyAnye vizeSaviSayA nyaaH||140 purANakAra ne pratyeka naya kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kara usake bhedopabheda kA sundara / citraNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda aura naya kA jaina dharma meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, jise purANakAra ne sUkSmatA se vivecita kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM jainadarzana kI aneka mAnyatAoM kA citraNa milatA hai, jisameM se kucha siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa hamane pichale pRSThoM meM kiyA hai parantu isake uparAnta bhI kaI tattva raha jAte haiM jinakA nAmollekha karanA samucita hogaa| __inameM se zramaNa saMskRti 41, aNuvrata aura mahAvrata 42, hiMsANuvrata tathA usake aticAra'43, satyANuvrata va usake aticAra 44, asteyANuvrata aura usake aticAra 45, brahmacaryANuvrata tathA usake aticAra 46, aparigrahANuvrata va usake aticAra'47, maitrI Adi bhAvanAe~18. tIna gaNavrata49. cAra zikSAvrata50, saMlekhanA51, gahastha kI gyAraha pratimAe~ 52, munidharma, tIna guptiyA~ tathA pA~ca samitiyA~, guNasthAna, dharma, anuprekSA evaM pariSahajaya ityAdi mahattvapUrNa haiN| jainadarzana ke ina mUla siddhAntoM ko kavi ne gaharAI se . jA~ca-parakha kara unheM vivecita kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM harivaMzapurANa meM nirUpita darzana tattvoM kA jaisA gaharAI se adhyayana milatA hai, vaisA adhyayana anya jainapurANoM meM durlabha hai| jaina-dharma ke dArzanika tattvavivecakoM kI bhAratIya saMskRti ko eka mahattvapUrNa dena hai aura vaha hai-AcAra-mImAMsA / jaina-darzana isI AdhAra para zuddha evaM pavitra AcAraNa para sarvAdhika - -

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vizeSa jora detA hai| sadAcaraNa hI mukti kA dvAra hai, mokSa kA sAdhana hai ataH isakA pAlana karanA paramAvazyaka-kartavya hai| upasaMhAra : uparyukta prakAra se donoM Alocya-kRtiyoM ke dArzanika tattvoM kI vivecanA ke bAda yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki donoM grantha apanI-apanI vizeSa dhArA se jur3e hue haiN| donoM kaviyoM ne una dRSTikoNa ko madhyanajara rakhate hue ina siddhAntoM kI tAttvika vivecanA kI hai| sUra eka bhakta kavi hone ke kAraNa unake dArzanika siddhAnta unakI kavitA meM sampUrNa rUpa se ghule hue milate haiM jabaki jinasena svAmI ne dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA prasaMgocita vizleSaNa kiyA hai jo atyanta hI gaharAI ko chU gayA hai| donoM granthoM ke dArzanika siddhAntoM meM paryApta antara hai lekina donoM kavi zreSThoM ne jo paramadhAma prApti kA rAstA batalAyA vaha prazaMsanIya hai| donoM kA rAstA alaga-alaga hai, para maMjila eka hai| sUra ne bhakti para vizeSa bala dekara kRSNa bhakti ko hI sarvazreSTha btaayaa| jabaki jinasenAcArya ne mukti hetu triratna evaM. paMca mahAvratoM ko mahattva pradAna kiyaa| mUla rUpa se "mAnava" hI devatva ko prApta kara sakatA hai| jaba vaha utthAna ke patha para agrasara hotA hai, taba vaha Upara uThatA hai tathA devatva ko prApta ho jAtA hai phira vahI jina yA aha~ta hai, vahI Izvara, vahI sarvajJa hai|

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| TippaNiyA~ :1. vicAra darzana - bhAga 2 saradAra paTela yuni0 vallabha vidyAnagara (guja0) pR0 69 . . 2. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| tatvArtha sUtra 1/2 zraddhAna prmaarthaanaamaaptgmtmobhRtaam| trimUDhApor3hamaSTAMgaM samyagdarzanamastyayam // ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra - 4 mokSamArga prakAzaka pR0 325 puruSArtha - siddhyupAya pR0 216 6. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/19 - pR0 661 harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/20-21 - pR0 662 8. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - pR0 142 9. na samyaktvasamaM kiMcitkAlye trijgtypi|| zreyo zreyazca mithyAtvasamaM naanytnubhRtaam|| ranakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra - zloka - 34. 10. sarvArthasiddhi - a0 1/1 11. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra - pR0 42 12. dravyasaMgraha gAthA - 42 13. AparUpa kA jAnapanai, so samyagjJAna kalA hai| chahaDhAlA sarga 3/2 puruSArthasiddhayupAya - 35 15. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 151 16. harivaMzapurANa sarga 10/145 - pR0 196 17. jIvakaraNDa - zloka 314-316 . 18. harivaMzapurANa sarga 10/152 - pR0 196 19. harivaMzapurANa sarga 10/156 - pR0 197 harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/122 - pR0 673 21. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/300 - pR0 698 22. samyagdaNDo vapuSo samyagdaNDastathA ca vcnsy| manasaH samyagdaNDo guptinAM tritybhvgmym|| puruSArthasiddhayupAya - 202 23. samyaggamanAgamanaM samyagbhAsAM tathaiSaNA samyak / samyaggrahanikSepo vyutsarga samyagiti smiti|| puruSArthasiddhayupAya - 203 24. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/301-302 - pR0 692 25. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/304 - pR0 692

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26. aNubhASyaTIkA sUtra 25-26 - pAda 3 / 27. mamaivAMzo jIvaloke jIvabhUtaH snaatnH| gItA a0 15, zloka 7 28. sUrasAgara - pada 394 - pR0 29. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 137 30. sUrasAgara 31. sUrasAgara - pada 369 - pR0 32. sUrasAgara - pada 369 - pR0 33. jIvAjIvAsrava bNdhsNvrnirjraamokssstttvm| tattvArtha sUtra - adhyAya 1/4 34. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/22-23 - pR0 662 35. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/30-31 - pR0 662 36. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/36-38 - pR0 663 37. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/53 - pR0 666 38. vidyAvidhAhareH zaktimAyayeva vinirmite| te jIvasyeva nAnyasya duHkhitvaM cAvyanIzatA / / 35 / / saprakAzasta tattvadIpa nibandha - pR0 22 39. sUrasAgara pada saM0 105 - pR0 34 40. sUrasAgara pada saM0 42 - pR0 15 41. sUrasAgara pada saM0 44 - pR0 15 42. sUrasAgara pada saM0 43 - pR0 15 43. . sUrasAgara pada saM0 44. sUrasAgara pada saM0 99 - pR0 31 45. sUrasAgara pada saM0 48 - pR0 17 46. sUrasAgara skandha 10 . 47. kAyavAGmanaH krmyogH| saH aasrvH| tattvArtha sUtra 1/2 48. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/57 - pR0 667 49. - harivaMzapurANa. sarga 58/58 - pR0 667 50. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/60 - pR0 667 51. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/202 - pR0 681 52. sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sambandha:/tattvArthasUtra 8/2 53. . samayasAra gAthA - pR0 254-256 54. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/202-213 - pR0 681-82 55.. sUrasAgara - tRtIya skandha - pada saM0 394 - pR0 137

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59. 56. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 151 57. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 151 58. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4518 - pR0 1424 hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 60. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4165 - pR0 1335 61. sUrasAgara pada saM0 349 - pR0 116 62. jaina dharma aura darzana - devendramuni zAstrI - pR0 83 63. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/303 - pR0 692 64. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| tattvArtha-sUtra prathama sUtra .. 65. vidvidbhiH sevitaH sdbhirnitymdvessraagibhiH| hRdayenAmanujJAto yo dhrmstnnibodhte|| manusmRti 2/1 66. zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM tatparaH sNytendriyH|| gItA 4/39 harivaMzapurANa - 58/116 - pR0 672 68. harivaMzapurANa - 58/118 se 122 - pR0 673 69. harivaMzapurANa - 58/125 - pR0 673 sUrasAgara pada saM0 4300 - pR0 1369 71. bRhadAraNyaka zAMkara bhASya - 2/5/19 72. sUrasAgara pada saM0 621 - pR0 256 73. sUrasAgara pada saM0 621 - pR0 256 74. sUrasAgara pada saM0 37 - pR0 279 75. sUrasAgara pada saM0 37 - pR0 279 76. sUrasAgara pada saM0 37 - pR0 279 77. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1522 - pR0 572 78. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - le0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 50 79. dharma aura darzana - devendra muni zAstrI - pR0 50 80. bhAratIya darzana - DaoN0 pArasanAtha trivedI - pR0 68. 81. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 58/10 - pR0 661 82. yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhaart| abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjaamyhm|| gItA 2/1 83. sUrasAgara pada saM0 621 - pR0 259 84. sUrasArAvalI pR0 2 70. = 926

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85. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1522 - pR0 86. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4210 - pR0 1346 87. sUrasAgara pada saM0 46 - pR0 16 88. jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 89. jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 81 90. harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina - pR0 50 91. harivaMzapurANa - 52/63 - pR0 60 92. kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM smaaH| "yajurveda" 93. sukhasya duHkhasya na ko'pi daataa| paro dadAtIti kubuddhiressaa| "adhyAtma rAmAyaNa" 94. karmapradhAna vizvakarirAkhA, jo jasa karahi so tasa phala caakhaa| rAmacarita mAnasa-tulasIdAsa 95. sUrasAgara pada saM0 25 - pR0 96. sUrasAgara pada saM0 252 - pR0 18 97. sUrasAgara pada saM0 148 - pR0 49 98. sUrasAgara pada saM0 155 - pR0 51 99. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 58/298 - pR0 691 100. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 58/191 - pR0 680 101. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 18/37-39 - pR0 264 102. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad - 3/2/13 103. sUrasAgara pada 100 - pR0 32 104. zravaNaM kIrtanaM viSNoH smaraNaM paadsevnm| arcanaM vaMdanaM dAsyaM skhymaatmnivednm|| bhAgavata - 7/5/23 105. sUrasAgara-pada 150 - pR0 49 106. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 58/13 - pR0 661 107.. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 58/204 se 210 - pR0 681-82 108. harivaMzapurANa - .sarga 58/211 - pR0 682 109. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 58/212 - pR0 682 110. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 58/213 - pR0 682 111. aSTachApa aura vallabha sampradAya - DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta - pR0 776 112.. aSTachApa aura vallabha sampradAya - DaoN. dInadayAla gupta - pR0 497 113. aSTachApa aura vallabha sampradAya - DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta - pR0 498 114. sUrasAgara ,pada saM0 1791 - pR0 662

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115. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1006 - pR0 608 116. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1664 - pR0 620 117. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1064 - pR0 423 118. zrI kRSNa kathA koSa - DaoN0 rAmazaraNa gupta - pR0 159 119. sUra aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN0 haravaMzalAla zarmA - pR0 315 120. rAdhA vallabha sampradAya siddhAnta va sAhitya - DaoN. vijayendra snAtaka - pR0 270-271 121. vaidika vijJAna bhAratIya saMskRti - giridhara zarmA caturvedI - pR0 258 122. The Faundation of Indian Culture. 123. harivaMzapurANa sarga 35/65-66 - pR0 456 124. aSTachApa aura vallabha sampradAya - DaoN. dInadayAla gupta - pR0 586 125. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1673 - pR0 623 126. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 161 127. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1672 - pR0 623 128. hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta - DaoN0 saMtoSa pArAzara - pR0 162 129. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1110 - pR0 431 130. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4776 - pR0 1494 131. sUrasAgara skandha 10 132. taji tIratha hari rAdhikA, tana dUti kari anuraag| jehi braja keli nikuMja maga, paga-paga hoti pryaag|| mahAkavi bihArI 133. sUradAsa vyaktitva - kRtitva - pR0 74 134. gurjara jainakaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya kI dena - DaoN0 harIza zuklA - pR0 39 135. bhAratIya darzana - DaoN0 pArasanAtha dvivedI - pR0 51 136. yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu tnyessviv| tasyA'nekAntavAdasya sva nyuunaadhikshemussii|| tena syAdvAdamAlambya srvdrshntulytaam| mokSo dezavizeSeNa yaH pazyati sa shaastrvit|| mAdhvasthameva zAstrArtho yena taccAru siddhayati / sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdvAda bAlizavalganam / / mAdhyasthasahitaM hRyekapadajJAnamapi prbhaa| zAstrakoTivRthaivAnyA tathA coktaM mahAtmanA / jJAnasAra upAdhyAya yazovijaya - "dharma aura darzana" - le0 devendramuni zAstrI - pR0 93 -

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137. harivaMzapurANa sarga 10/54 - pR0 189 138. vedAnta sUtra bhASya - rAmAnujAcArya 1/2 - pR0 31 139. harivaMzapurANa 58/31 - pR0 663 140. harivaMzapurANa 58/41-42 - pR0 663-64 141. harivaMzapurANa sarga 20/7 - pR0 298 142. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/118-122 - pR0 673 143. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/128-129 - pR0 674 144. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/130-139 - pR0 674 145. harivaMNapurANa sarga 58/131-140-171 - pR0 677 146. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/132-141-174 - pR0 675 147. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/133-142-136-122 ityAdi - pR0 674 148. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/125 - pR0 673 149. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/144-147 - pR0 675 150. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/153-158 - pR0 676 151. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/161 - pR0 676 / / 152. harivaMzapurANa sarga 58/301-302 - pR0 692 - -

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harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kA kalA-pakSa harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara ke dArzanika pakSa para vicAra karane ke bAda yahA~ donoM granthoM ke kalA-pakSa para tulanAtmaka vicAra prastuta hai| sUra eka bhakta kavi the, unakA mukhya sAdhya bhakti thii| isI prakAra jinasenAcArya eka digambara jaina muni the, jinakA mukhya sAdhya jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM harivaMza meM utpanna zalAkApuruSoM kA lIlA-gAna thaa| ataH inake kAvya meM bAhya-pakSa kI ora vizeSa dhyAna na honA svAbhAvika hai| parantu inake kAvya ke anuzIlana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki unameM uccakoTi kI bhakti ke sAtha jahA~ navonmeSazAlinI apUrva sahaja-kAvyapratibhA thii| abhivyakti kI sahaja evaM uttama kalAtmaka prakriyA bhI unameM vidyamAna thii| ataH isa dRSTi se unakI kRtiyoM meM viSaya vastu evaM dArzanika tattvoM kI bhA~ti unakA kalA pakSa bhI pUrNataH samRddha hai| kalApakSa meM rasa, chanda, alaMkAra evaM bhASA pramukha aMga mAne jAte haiN| yahA~ inhIM aMgoM para aba kramazaH vicAra kiyA jaayegaa|' rasa-vidhAna : mAnava hRdaya bhAvoM kA sAgara hai, jo sadA bAhya sukha-du:kha ke anukUla-pratikUla vAtAvaraNa se taraMgAyita hotA rahatA hai| jina bhAvoM ke prabhAvoM se bhAva ubuddha hote haiM, ve vibhAva kahalAte haiN| ye do prakAra ke hote haiM-Alambana evaM uddiipn| jisakA Alambana kara bhAva utpanna hote haiM, ve Alambana tathA udbhUta bhAvoM ko uddIpata karane vAle uddIpana vibhAva kahalAte haiN| Azraya-jina ceSTAoM dvArA hRdaya sthita bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karatA hai ve anubhAva kahalAte haiN| bhAva do prakAra ke hote haiM-saMcArI bhAva tathA sthAyI bhaav| bubudoM kI bhA~ti jo bhAva prakaTa hokara zIghra hI lupta ho jAte haiM, unheM saMcArI bhAva kahate haiM tathA jo bhAva rasAsvAdana paryanta mana meM sthira rahate haiM, ve sthAyI bhAva kahalAte haiN| saMcArI bhAvoM kA kArya sthAyI bhAvoM ko puSTa karanA hai| inakI saMkhyA "taiMtIsa" mAnI jAtI hai| sthAyI bhAva ATha haiN| vibhAva, anubhava va saMcArI bhAvoM ke puSTa sthAyI bhAva hI rasa rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| zAnta-rasa ke sAtha inakI saMkhyA nau mAnI jAtI hai| kAvyazAstra ke aneka vidvAnoM ne "vAtsalya rasa" ko bhI sAhitya kA rasa svIkAra kiyA hai| jisase ye dasa ho jAte haiN| - - -

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jinasenAcArya ko kAvyazAstra kI bhAva sImA ke saMkucita kSetra meM rahakara dekhanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki unakI kRti meM sabhI prakAra ke rasoM kA sundara samAveza dikhAI par3atA hai| inhoMne zrI kRSNa caritra ke nirUpaNa meM unake yoddhA tathA parAkramI svarUpa kA evaM AdhyAtmika jJAtA rUpa kA vizeSa citraNa kiyA hai| unheM zrI kRSNa kA yahI rUpa adhika priya hai| ataH unhoMne zrI kRSNa ke bAlya evaM yauvana lIlA varNana meM bhI unakI vIratA, alaukikatA kA varNana kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa ke yuddha varNanoM meM vIra, bIbhatsa, raudra Adi raso kA nirUpaNa hai to neminAtha ke vairAgya tathA balarAmajI kA vilApa prasaMga karuNa rasa se bharA par3A hai| dvArikA nirmANa aura yaduvaMziyoM ke prabhAva varNana meM adbhuta rasa kA prakarSa hai jabaki kAvya kA anta zAMta rasa meM hotA hai| kavi ne zrI kRSNa kI bAla lIlA meM vAtsalya rasa kA bhI. nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra harivaMzapurANa meM sabhI rasoM kA manorama sAmaMjasya dikhalAI par3atA hai| . sUrasAgara meM kavi ne zrI kRSNa ke citraNa meM unake zIla, zakti tathA saundarya varNana meM kevala saundarya kA nirUpaNa savizeSa kiyA hai| sUra ko dvArikeza kRSNa kI apekSA yazodAnandana evaM gopI-vallabha kRSNa hI adhika priya rahe haiN| isIlie unhoMne zrI kRSNa ke bAlya evaM yauvana se saMbaddha bhAvoM kA hI sUkSma aMkana kiyA hai| vAtsalya evaM zRMgAra kI sUkSmatama anubhUtiyoM ke gaMbhIratama bhAvoM evaM vividha vyApAroM kA citraNa hI unake kAvya kA mukhya viSaya rahA hai| isa sambandha meM AcArya rAmacandra zukala ke vicAra draSTavya haiM"vAtsalya evaM zRMgAra ke aMgoM kA jitanA adhika udghATana sUra ne apanI baMda A~khoM se kiyA, utanA kisI kavi ne nhiiN| ina kSetroM kA konA-konA ve jhA~ka ge| ukta donoM ke pravartaka rati bhAva ke bhItara kI jitanI mAnasika vRttiyoM aura dazAoM kA anubhava evaM pratyakSIkaraNa sUra kara sake, utanI kA koI aura nhiiN| hindI sAhitya meM zRMgAra kA rasarAjatva yadi kisI kavi ne pUrNarUpa se dikhAyA hai to sUra ne|"3 ina donoM rasoM ke alAvA bhI unake kAvya meM anya rasa bhI milate haiM, jo yatratatra bikhare par3eM haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki donoM kaviyoM meM zrI kRSNa ke zIla, zakti evaM saundarya kA kama-jyAdA varNana hai| donoM ne zrI kRSNa kI adbhuta lIlAoM kA citraNa kiyA hai jisameM kAvya ke sabhI rasoM kA prakarSa dRSTigocara hotA hai| ataH inake kAvya meM nirUpita rasoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nimna krama se kiyA jA rahA hai| vAtsalya rasa :..sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa ke kaviyoM ne zrI kRSNa ke janma para vasudeva kI * cintA, kRSNa ko naMda ke yahA~ pahu~cAnA, naMda ke ghara utsava evaM gopa-gopikAoM ke Ananda

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Adi kA varNana apanI svataMtra udbhAvanA ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa ke zizu svabhAva kI saralatA, caMcalatA, haTha, ghuTanoM ke bala calanA, sakhAoM ke sAtha khelanA, candra prastAva evaM anya bAla ceSTAoM, mAkhanacorI, gocAraNa, vanagamana, godohana, naMda yazodA kA pyAra Adi prasaMgoM meM vAtsalya rasa kI pradhAnatA rahI hai| harivaMzapurANa : jinasenAcArya ke zrI kRSNa janma prasaMga meM evaM unakI vividha bAlakrIr3AoM meM vAtsalya rasa kA nirUpaNa milatA hai| vasudeva dvArA bAlakRSNa ko naMda ke yahA~ pahuMcAne meM unakA sneha draSTavya hai samarpya tAbhyAmaharasyabhedaM pravarddhanIyaM nijputrbuddhyaa| zizuM vizAlekSaNamIkSaNAnAM mahAmRtaM kAntimayaM srvntm|| jaba bAla kRSNa citta par3A huA apane lAla-lAla hAtha-paira calAtA hai usa samaya vaha barabasa mana ko AkRSTa kara letA hai| usakI anupama zobhA ko use atRpta netroM se dekhate haiM sa gopagopIjanamAnasAni sakAmamuttAnazayo jhaar| . . . surUpamindIvaravarNazobhaM stnprdaanvypdeshgopyH| ahaMyavaH pUrNapayodharAstamatRptanetrA: ppurektaanm|| baladeva ke kathanAnusAra jaba devakI apane putra kRSNa ko dekhane ke lie gokula jAtI hai usa samaya bAla kRSNa ko dekhakara usakA harSita honA svAbhAvika hai| vaha jaise hI sundara bAla gopAla zrI kRSNa ko dekhatI hai to usakA mana atyadhika Anandita hotA hai| vaha romAMcita ho uThatI hai evaM use parama santoSa kI prApti hotI hai| vaha pyAra ke sAtha uttama veSa ke dhAraka kRSNa kA sparza karatI hai tathA cirakAla taka use ekaTaka dekhatI hai| vaha yazodA se kahatI hai ki he yazasvinI yazode! tU isa putra ke nitya darzana karatI hai| terA yahA~ rahanA prazaMsanIya hai| yazodayAnIya yazodayADhyaM praNAmitaM putramamau svitrii| sugopaveSaM nikaTe niSaNNe parAmRzantI cirmaaluloke|| jagau ca devI vipine'pi vAsastavedRzApatyadRzo yshode| yazasvinI zlAghyatamo jagatyAM na raajylaabho'bhimto'nptyH|| isa prakAra uparyukta prasaMgoM meM vAtsalya rasa kI abhivyakti huI hai| sUrasAgara : mahAkavi sUra vAtsalya ke nirUpaNa meM bhArata ke hI nahIM varan vizva sAhitya ke

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mUrdhanya kavi mAne jAte haiN| unakA mana mayUra zrI kRSNa kI bAla lIlAoM meM savizeSa ramA hai| unakI racanA sUrasAgara vAtsalya rasa se bharI par3I hai| vAtsalya ke kucha prasaMga draSTavya hai zrI kRSNa ke janma para samasta braja meM Ananda chA jAtA hai| ghara-ghara badhAiyA~ baja rahI haiN| nanda ke ghara para AbAlavRddha harSa-masta ho nAca rahe haiN| nandotsava kA bhAvapUrNa varNana dekhiye sUra ke zabdoM meM mahari jasodA DhoTA jAyau gharaghara hoti bdhaaii| dvAra bhIra gopa gopini kI mahimA barani na jaaii| ati Ananda hota gokula maiM, ratana bhUmi saba chaaii| nAcata vRddha taruNa aru bAlaka, gorasa kIca mcaaii| zrI kRSNa ke zizu svabhAva kI saralatA, caMcalatA tathA haTha dekhiye maiyA kabahi bar3hegI coTI kitI bAra mohi dUdha piyata bhaI, yaha ajaha~ hai chottii| kAMcI dUdha piyAvata paci paci deta na mAkhana rottii|| kavi ne zrI kRSNa kI bAlazobhA ke citra bhI bar3e manoyoga se aMkita kiye haiN| navanIta-karadhArI bAla kRSNa kA rUpa to anupama hai| jaba ve ghuTanoM ke bala cala rahe haiM usa samaya kI dhUli-dhUsarita bAla-zobhA kA varNana bar3A hI prabhAvotpAdaka bana par3A hai| sobhita kara navanIta lie| ghuTuruni calata renu-tana maMDita, mukha dadhi lepa kie| cAru kapola lola locana, gorocana tilaka die| laTa-laTakani manu matta madhupa gana, mAdaka madahiM pie| kaThulA kaMTha braja kehari-nakha, rAjata rucira hie|' zrI kRSNa jaba thor3e bar3e hote haiM taba sakhAoM ke sAtha braja meM gharoM meM ghusa kara mAkhana corI karate haiN| unakI corI se gopiyA~ parezAna ho jAtI haiN| eka dina jaba unheM corI karate pakar3A jAtA hai to ve nirbhIka hokara uttara dete haiM ki maiM to cIMTI nikAla rahA thaa| kRSNa kA naTakhaTa svarUpa kavi ke zabdoM meM dekhiye jasudA kaha lau kIjai kaani| dina prati kaise sahI parati hai, dUdha dahI kI haani| apane yA bAlaka kI karanI, jau tuma dekhau aani| gorasa khAi khavAvai larikani, bhAjata bhAjana maani| 259

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sUra syAma yaha uttara banAyau, cIMTI kADhata paani|| vAtsalya rasa ke nirUpaNa meM sUradAsa jinasenAcArya se bahuta Age haiN| unhoMne vAtsalya rasa ke jaise bhAvapUrNa citra aMkita kiye haiM, unakA harivaMzapurANa meM abhAva hai| sUrasAgara meM sthAna-sthAna para nanda-yazodA ke vAtsalyasikta-bhAvoM kI prabhAvapUrNa abhivyaMjanA milatI hai jisase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jahA~ sUra kA varNana adhika prabhAvotpAdaka hai, vahA~ harivaMzapurANa kA yaha citraNa mAtra varNanAtmaka lagatA hai| zrRMgAra rasa : sUra ke zrRMgAra ke bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne ise "rasa-rAjatva" pradAna kiyA hai| gopiyoM ke sAtha kRSNa kA madhura bhAva jIvana prabhAta se hI vikasita hokara saMbhoga kI vividha lIlAoM meM zanaiH-zanai puSTa hokara anta meM vipralambha kI A~ca meM nirakhakara paramojjvalatA prApta karatA hai| yadyapi jinasenAcArya ne bhI zRMgAra rasa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai parantu rAdhA kRSNa va gopiyoM ke prema vikAsa kA vaha kramazaH citraNa nahIM hai| sUra kA zrRMgAra manovaijJAnika hai jabaki jinasenAcArya ne yatra-tatra varNita kara isake mahattva ko bar3hAyA hai| harivaMzapurANa : eka sthala para kumAra kRSNa gopa-bAlAoM ke sAtha rAsa-krIr3A kara rahe haiN| gopiyA~ premonmAda meM unmatta ho unase sparza sukha kI prApti kara rahI hai| unakA saMyoga prasannatAdAyaka hai jabaki viyoga virahajanya santApayukta duHkhadAyI hai| .. sa bAlabhAvAtsukumArabhAvastathaivamudbhinnakucAH kumaarH| suyauvanonmAdabharAH surAsairarIramatkeliSu gopknyaaH|| karAMgulisparzasukhaM sa raasessvjiijndgopvdhuujnsy| sunirvikAro'pi mahAnubhAvo mumudrikaanddhmnniythaarthyH|| yathA harau bhUrijanAnurAgo jagAma vRddhiM hRdi vRddhisuucii| tathAsya tene virahAnurAgo vihArakAle virhaatursy||2 rukmiNI haraNa prasaMga meM jaba zrI kRSNa rukmiNI ko dekhate haiM to unake hRdaya meM anurAga bar3ha jAtA hai| tadanantara ve lajjAyukta rukmiNI ko apanI donoM bhujAoM se uThAkara ratha meM biThAte haiM usa samaya kAma kI vyathA se pIr3ita unakA sarvAMgINa sparza sukha paraspara Ananda pradAna karane vAlA hotA hai| una donoM ke mukha se nikalane vAlA sugandhita zvAsa eka dUsare ko sugandhita karatA hai, jo vazIkaraNamantra jaisA pratIta ho rahA hai 260 -

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sAnuraktAM trapAyuktAM zrImatyAstanayAM ttH| rthmaaropyddoaamutkssipyaamiilitekssnnH|| nirvaahkstyoraasiittdaanyonysukhaavhH| sarvAMgINastanusparzaH prathamo mnmthaarttyoH||13 sugndhimukhnishvaasstyornyonyyogtH| vAsyavAsakabhAvastho vshiikrnntaamgaat||14 rukmiNI ke sAtha zrI kRSNa - rama : yA prasaMga dekhiye kavi ke zabdoM meM murArirapi rukmiNItanulatAdvirephastadA, ciraM ramitayA tayAramata rmymuurtirnishi| azeta zayanasthale mRduni gUDha gUDhAM gnaaghnstnbhujaannsprshlbdhnidraasukhH||5 isI prakAra Age ke aneka prasaMgoM meM bhI saMyoga evaM viyoga zRMgAra kA nirUpaNa milatA hai| sUrasAgara : sUrasAgara meM varNita saMyoga zrRMgAra meM dAnalIlA, panaghaTalIlA, rAsalIlA, hiMDaulA, vasantalIlA evaM mAnalIlA ke prasaMga Ate haiM jabaki vipralambha zRMgAra meM akrUra kA Agamana tathA zrI kRSNa kA mathurAgamana va sampUrNa bhramaragIta prasaMga kA samAveza hotA .. sUra ne premAnubhUti kA bar3A sajIva va mArmika varNana kiyA hai| gopiyoM kA prema bacapana se hI aMkurita hokara pallavita dikhAI detA hai| premAnubhUti kI paripuSTatA meM nAyakanAyikA kA milana hotA hai| eka dina koI gopI kRSNa ko apanI gAya duhAne le gyii| rAdhA bhI zrI kRSNa ke darzana ke lobha se vahA~ pahu~ca gii| zrI kRSNa ko dekhakara vaha bhAvavibhora ho gii| usane apane tana kI sudhi ko bhI kho diyA tathA vaha apanA sarvasva zrI kRSNa para nyauchAvara kara baitthii| dekhiye kavi ke zabdoM meM- . dhenu duhana jaba syAma bulaaii| sravana sunata taha~ gaI rAdhikA, mana hara liyo knhaaii|| sakhI saMga kI kahati paraspara, kaha~ yaha prIti lgaaii| yaha vRSabhAnu-purA ye braja mai, kahA~ duhAvana aaii|| mukha dekhata hari ko cakita bhaI, tana kI sudhi bisraaii| sUradAsa prabhu kai rasa basa bhaI, kAma parI ktthinaaii||16

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rAsa-lIlA : sunahu hari murali madhura bajAI, mohe sura nara nAga niraMtara braja vanitA utthidhaaii| druma belI anurAga pulaka tanu, sasi thakyauM nisina ghttaaii||17 panaghaTa-lIlA : chADi dehu mori laTa mohn| kuca parasata puni-puni sukacata nahiM, AI taji gohn|| / ' juvati Ani dekhi hai koU, kahati vaMka kari bhauNhn||18 dAna-lIlA : mA~gata aiso dAna knhaaii| aba samajhI hama bAta tumhArI, pragaTa bhaI kachu chauM trunaaii||19 hiMDaulA : hiDore jhUlata syAmA syaam| . braja juvati maMDalI cahU~dhA, nirakhata vipakani kaam||20 vipralambha zrRMgAra : sUra ne saMyoga zRMgAra kI bhA~ti viraha santapta bhAvoM kI bhI sahaja abhivyakti kI hai| unakA viraha-varNana atyanta sajIva, svAbhAvika evaM mArmika hai| bhramaragIta prasaMga gopiyoM kI viraha vyathA kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| zrI kRSNa kA viyoga gopiyoM taka hI sImita na rahakara braja meM usakA prabhAva va pracAra dikhAI detA hai| gopiyoM kI dayanIya dazA evaM viraha-vyathA kA to anumAna lagAnA bhI kaThina hai| zrI kRSNa ke mathurAgamana para gopiyoM kI manodazA bar3I vicitra ho jAtI hai| ve apanA marma kisake samakSa prakaTa kare? sUra ne gopiyoM kI dvandvAtmaka mAnasika sthiti kA isa taraha aMkana kiyA hai sune hai syAma madhupurI jaat| sakucAni kahi na sakati kAhU so, gupta hRdaya kI baat| saMkita vacana anAgata kou, kahi ju gayau adhraat| nIMda na pare ghaTe nahiM rajanI, kaba uThI dekho praat| naMda-naMdana to aise lAge, jyauM jala puraini paat|21 . -

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bhramaragIta prarAMgaNa meM sUra kI viraha vyaMjanA gaMbhIra va vyApaka bana gaI hai| gopiyA~ jar3a-cetana kA viveka bhI bhUla gaI haiM madhuka tuma kyau rahata hre| viraha viyoga syAma suMdara ke, ThADhe kyoM na jre| mohana benu bajAvata tuma tara, sAkhA Teki khre| mehi thAvara aru jaDa jaMgama, muni jana dhyAna hre| yaha citanani tU mana na dharata hai, phira phiri puhupa dhre| sUradAra' prabhu vi. nAva. nakha sikha launa jre|22 virahAvasthA meM rAdhA kI dazA bar3I malina ho gaI hai| usake pAsa priyatama va madhura smRti hI ze hai| viraha kI aisI abhivyaMjanA anyatra durlabha hai ati malina vRSabhAnu kumaarii| hari kA jala bhIjyo ura aMcala, tihi lAlaca na dhuvAvati saarii| chUTe cikura vakSa kumhilAni, jyauM nalinI himakara kI maarii| hari saMdesa suni sahaja mRtaka bhaI, ika virahini dUje alijaarii| sUradAra kase kari jIvai, braja banitA syAma dukhaarii|22 sUrasAgara jaise zrRMgAra varNana kA harivaMzapurANa meM nitAnta abhAva rahA hai| sUra ke bhAva citraNoM ke samakSa jinasenAcArya kA varNana nIrasa evaM varNanAtmaka pratIta hotA hai| zRMgAra ke sUkSmatama bhAvoM ke nirUpaNa meM sUra kI siddhahastatA vikhyAta rahI hai| sacce arthoM meM zrRMgAra rasa ko dekhanA ho to unakI kRti sUrasAgara kA rasAsvAdana karanA pdd'egaa| yahA~ to mAtra svalpa udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM jo zRMgAra rasa kI pariNati haiN| hAsya rasa : harivaMza .meM isa rasa kI bhI sundara abhivyaMjanA huI hai| sUra kI zailI hI vinoda priya rahA hai| unhoMne to sthAna-sthAna para kRSNa kI hAsya-janaka ceSTAoM evaM kriyAkalApoM ke rA hAsya rasa ke bhAvoM kI abhivyakti kI hai| kRSNa ke naTakhaTa, vAkpaTu (hAjira javAra, / svarUpa ke kaI padoM meM yaha rasa nirUpita huA hai| jinasenAcArya ne bhI yatra-tatra hAra- citraNa kiyA hai parantu vaha svalpa mAtrA meM hai| harivaMzapurANa : eka bAra zrI ... rukmiNI ke mukha se ugale hue pAna kA vastra ke chora meM bA~dha kara satyabhAmA ke yahA~ jAte haiN| satyabhAmA use sugandhita padArtha mAnakara apane zarIra para lagA detI hai| taba zrI kRSNa usakI khUba ha~sI ur3Ate haiM parantu vaha IrSyAvaza krodhita ho jAtI hai|

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svbhaavmukhsaugndhybddhbhraantaalimnnddlm| aharatsatyabhAmA tadbhrAntayA sdgndhvstitvti|| varNagandhADhyamApiSya samAlabhata caadraat| hasitA haricandreNa sA cukroza tmiijyaa||24 taduparAnta zrI kRSNa satyabhAmA ko eka bAga meM le jAte haiN| vahA~ rukmiNI vATikA ke samIpa eka hAtha meM Amra kI latA pakar3akara paMjoM ke bala khar3I hotI hai| devI ke samAna sundara rUpa ko dhAraNa karane vAlI rukmiNI ko dekhakara satyabhAmA use devI mAna usake caraNoM meM gira jAtI hai usake sAmane phUloM kI aMjali bikhera kara apane saubhAgya kI yAcanA karatI hai, taba zrI kRSNa maMda-maMda muskurA dete haiN| satyabhAmA rahasya jAna lajjita ho jAtI hai nirUpya rukmiNI satyA devatAmiva rUpiNIm devateyamiti dhyAtvA vikIrya kusumaaNjlim| nipatya pAdayostasyAH svsaubhaagymyaact| vipakSasya tu dorbhaagymiiyaa'shlyklNkitaa|| antare'tra hariH satyAM haarismitmukho'vdt| aparvaM darzanaM svastroraho vRttaM nyaanvitm||25 sUrasAgara : eka bAra zrI kRSNa mAkhana kI corI karate kisI gopI ke hAtha pakar3e jAte haiN| unakA hAtha dadhibhAjana meM to thA hI, vaha unheM usI samaya pakar3a letI hai| parantu zrI kRSNa caturAI se bAta banAkara svayaM ko kaise nirdoSa siddha karate haiM, sUra ke zabdoM meM dekhiye maiM jAnyoM yaha mairo ghara hai, tA dhokhe maiM aayo| dekhata hI gorasa maiM cIMTI, kAr3hana ko kara naayau||26 zrI kRSNa ke hAjira-javAbI kA eka aura pada draSTavya hai, jisameM hAsya kI pariNati maiyA maiM nAhiM mAkhana khaayau| khyAla parai ye sakhA sabai milI, mere mukha lpttaayo| . sUrasyAma taba uttara banAyo, cIMTI kADhata paanii| karuNa-rasa : donoM Alocya kRtiyoM meM "karuNa rasa" kI niSpatti bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai|

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harivaMzapurANa meM neminAtha kA vairAgya tathA zrI kRSNa ke paramadhAmagamana para baladeva kA vilApa ityAdi prasaMga isI bhAva kI sundara abhivyakti hai| sUrasAgara ke kucha padoM meM bhI yaha rasa prakarSa huA hai| harivaMzapurANa : jaba neminAtha apane vivAhotsava meM mAMsabhojI rAjAoM ke lie pazuoM kA nirodha dekhate haiM, taba manuSyoM kI nirdayatA ko dekha kara vairAgya dhAraNa kara lete haiN| usa samaya rAjamatI prabala zoka ke vazIbhUta ho vilApa karane lagatI hai| usakI karuNatA se sabhI loga atyanta du:khI hote haiN| pathi tapasyati tatra kRte hite nRpasutA manasi trpitehite| nyabhRta tApamapAraviyoginI kumudinIva divaarviyoginii|| prabalazokavazA pravilApinI shithilbhuussnnkeshklaapinii| parijanena vRtA praruroda sA karuNazabdatatA vyururoda saa|| vidhimupAlabhate varahAriNaM vrvdhuurvrmpytihaarinnm| jaghanapInapayodharahAriNI nynvaariknnaavilhaarinnii||28 zrI kRSNa ke paramadhAmagamana para baladeva jI ke zoka kA jinasenAcArya ne vizada varNana kiyA hai| ve kRSNa ke zava ko lekara vana meM ghUmate haiN| kaI bAra ve svayaM mUrchita ho jAne haiN| unake rudana kA dRzya karuNA se bharA par3A hai| dekhiye kavi ke zabdoM meM hA jagatsubhaga! hA jagatpate! hA janAzrayaNa! hA janArdana! hA'pahAya gatavAnasi va mAM hAnujaihi laghu heti caarudt|| hAri vAri paritApahAri taM pAyayatyapi vicetanaM muhuH| krAmyatISadapi tanna tadgale dUrabhavyamanasIva drshnm|| mArTi mArdavaguNena pANinA saMmukhaM mukhamudIkSate mudaa| leDhi jighrati vimUDhadhIrvacaH zrotumicchati dhigaatmmuuddhtaam||29 ..' isake alAvA bhI saMsAra kI asAratA dikhAne ke aneka prasaMgoM meM "karuNa rasa" bharA par3A hai| yahA~ kevala karuNa rasa kI puSkala sAmagrI kA saMketa mAtra hai| vAstavika rUpa to graMtha ko dekhate hI banatA hai| sUrasAgara : sUrasAgara ke dAvAnala-prasaMga meM karuNa rasa ke bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai| sabhI bAla gopAla karuNa svara meM zrI kRSNa se vinatI karate haiM ki unheM avilamba isa Apatti - se mukta kareM

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aba kai rAkhi lehu~ gopaal| dasahU~ disA dusaha dAvAgini, upajI haiM ihi~ kaal|| paTakata baoNsa kaoNsa kusa caTakata, laTakaTa tAla tmaal| ucarata ati aMgAra phuTata kara, jhaTapaTa lapaTa kraal|' . dhUma dhUMdhi bAr3hI ambara, camaka bica-bica jvaal| harina barAha mora, cAtaka, pika jarata jIva behAla // 20 zrI kRSNa ke paramadhAma gamana para pANDavoM dvArA zoka karane kA eka pada bhI draSTavya hai jisameM karuNa rasa ke bhAvoM kI sundara abhivyakti hai hari binu ko purasaiM mo svaarth| mIr3ata hAtha sIsa dhuni, rudana karata nRpa pAratha // 31 isa prakAra se sUrasAgara ke aneka sthaloM para isa rasa ne kI niSpatti huI hai| donoM hI kRtiyoM ke isa citraNa meM pramukha sthAyI bhAva "zoka" :hA hai| donoM kavi isa bhAvanirUpaNa meM siddha-hasta rahe haiM parantu sUrasAgara kI apekSA harivaMzapurANa meM yaha vaizadya ke sAtha varNita huA hai, jisameM kAruNika dRzyoM kA sAMgopAMgaraNa hai| raudra-rasa : harivaMzapurANa meM raudra rasa ke bhAvoM kA sundara citraNa milA hai| yuddhoM ke varNana meM vIra rasa ke sAtha-sAtha raudra rasa kI bhI abhivyaMjanA huI hai| isake atirikta dvaipAyana muni ke krodha tathA anya sthaloM para bhI raudra ke udAharaNa milate haiN| yahA~ para mathurA meM zrI kRSNa dvArA pradhAna malloM ko mArane para kaMsa ke krodha kA eka citra prastuta dazazataharihastiprobalau sAdhiSUmAvitihaThahatamallau vIkSya gai shiirikRssnnau| pracalitavati kaMse zAtanistriMzahaste vycldkhilrNgaambhodhiruttuNgnaadH||32 rukmiNI-haraNa meM zizupAla evaM rukmiI dvArA AkramaNa karane para zrI kRSNa va balarAma kA krodhita hone kA prasaMga bhI inhIM bhAvoM kA udAhara" -- evamastviti saMtrastAM sAntvayitvA priyAM hriH| nyavarttayadrathaM vegAdabhyamitraM halI tthaa|| ruSTayoH zarajAlena dviSTasainyaM tto'nyoH| zliSTaM nanAza vidhvstklissttdrpmbhidrutm||33 zrI kRSNa-jarAsaMdha yuddha prasaMga to isa rasa ke bhAvoM se bharA par3A hai| zrI kRSNa va jarAsaMdha krodhita ho eka-dUsare para bANoM kI varSA kara rahe haiM ke yastro-zastroM se bhayaMkara yuddha ho rahA hai

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tataH svayaM jarAsaMdhaH kRSNasyAbhimukhaM russaa| dadhAva dhanurAsphAlya rathastho rthvrtinH|| anyonyAkSepiNoyuddhaM tyoruddhtviiryyoH| astreH svaabhaavikairdivyairbhuudtyntbhiissnnm|| astraM nAgasahasrANAM sRssttprjjvlnprbhm| mAdhavasya vadhAyAsau kSipraM cikSepa maagdhH|| amUDhamAnasaH zauri ganAzAya gaaruddm| astraM cikSepa tenAzu grastaM naagaastrmgrtH||4 isake alAvA bhI yuddha-varNana ke aneka prasaMgoM meM isa rasa kI abhivyakti huI hai| sUrasAgara : zrI kRSNa dvArA giridhAraNa lIlA prasaMga meM mahAkavi sUra ne isa rasa ke bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai| kRSNa ke kathanAnusAra brajavAsiyoM ne indra kI pUjA kA tyAga kara govarddhana kI pUjA kii| indra ne brajavAsiyoM kI dhRSTatA kA badalA lene kA nizcaya kiyaa| usane krodha meM hokara apanA Aveza nimna zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA prathamahiM deU girihiM bhaaii|| braja dhAtani karoM curakuTa, deU~ dharani milaaii|| merI ina mahimA na jAnI pragaTa deU~ dikhaaii| barasi jala braja dhaui DAroM loga deU~ bahAI // 35 uparyukta vivecanAnusAra sUrasAgara meM raudra rasa ke bhAva yukta pada svalpamAtrA meM milate haiM. kyoMki unheM to zrI kRSNa kA manohara svarUpa hI priya hai| harivaMzapurANa meM isa rasa kI niSpatti ke aneka prasaMga hai| zrI kRSNa ke parAkrama meM unake zalAkAMpuruSa svarUpa meM tathA aneka yuddha prasaMgoM meM isa rasa ke bhAvoM kA sundara citraNa huA hai| vIra-rasa : * 'harivaMzapurANa ke yuddha varNanoM meM raudra rasa kI bhAMti vIra rasa kI bhI sundara abhivyaMjanA huI hai| harivaMzapurANa meM yuddha ke paryApta citraNa haiN| yathA(1) kRSNa - aparAjita yuddha, (2) kRSNa - zizupAla yuddha, (3) kRSNa - jarAsaMdha yuddha, (4) pradyumna - kAlasaMvara yuddha, (5) pradyumna - kRSNa yuddha aadi| ... ina yuddhoM ke varNana meM kavi ne vIroM kI ceSTAoM se vIra rasa kI ajasra-dhArAe~ pravAhita kI haiN| zrI kRSNa-jarAsaMdha yuddha kA eka prasaMga draSTavya hai jisameM donoM vIra ekadUsare ko mArane meM udyata ho rahe haiM, unheM mauta se bhaya nahIM hai

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vAyavyaM vyamucacchastramastravinmagadhezvara. antarikSeNa vAstreNa vyaakssipttddhokssjH|| agnisAtkaraNe sktmstrmaaneymujjvlm| mAgadhakSiptamAkSiptaM vAruNAstreNa shaurinnaa| astraM vairocanaM muktaM mAgadhendreNa rossinnaa| upendreNApi taddUrAnmAhendrAstreNa daaritm|26 zrI kRSNa va jarAsaMdha hI nahIM, yuddha meM lar3a rahe sabhI vyakti vIratA ke putale dikhAI dete haiN| yuddhoM ke varNana meM ubhayapakSa kI vIratA ke anupama namUne jinasenAcArya ne prastuta kiye haiN| mahAkavi sUra ne bhI vIra rasa ke bhAvoM kI yatra-tatra abhivyakti kI hai| bhISma-pratijJA se sambaddha padoM meM yahI bhAva parilakSita hotA hai| bhISma pitAmaha raNabhUmi meM kRSNa kI zastra-grahaNa na karane kI pratijJA bhaMga karAne kA nizcaya karate hue kavi ke zabdoM meM kaha rahe haiM ki Aju jo hari hi na sastra ghaauuN| tau lAjauM gaMgA jananI ko, sAMtanu suta na khaauuN| syaMdana khaMDi mahArathi khaMDauM, kapidhvaja sahita giraauuN| pAMDava dala sanmukha dvai dhAUM saritA rudhira bhaauuN||27 harivaMzapurANa kI apekSA sUrasAgara meM vIra rasa ke bhAvoM kA citraNa apekSAkRta kama hai| purANakAra ne yuddha-sthaloM ke vistRta evaM adbhuta dRzyoM meM vIra rasa kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai, jisameM vIratA kI ceSTAoM kA saphala pradarzana hai| bhayAnaka : harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara meM bhayAnaka rasa kI abhivyakti aneka sthaloM para huI hai| mahAkavi jinasenAcArya ne zrI kRSNa kI yuddha vIratA kA bahuta hI vizuddha nirUpaNa kiyA hai| vIra rasa kA sthAI bhAva utsAha hai tathA usake sahayogI bhAva raudra evaM bhayAnaka haiN| vIratA ke isa varNana meM yathAsthAna bhayAnaka rasa kA samAveza bhI paryApta mAtrA meM milatA hai| zrI kRSNa ke alaukika lIlA-varNana meM aparAjita, zizupAla tathA jarAsaMdha vadha prasaMgoM meM isa rasa kI sundara abhivyakti hai| yathA_____ bAlakRSNa ko mArane ke lie kaMsa ne eka pizAcI bhejii| usakA rUpa bhayaMkara thaa| usakA mukha, netra donoM arUkSa the| vaha jora-jora se aTTahAsya kara rahI thI jisase bhaya laga rahA thA sa tADavIM spaSTakRtATTahAsAM kurAkSasI ruukssniriikssnnaasyaam| adhokSajo vIkSya vivRddhakAyAM zarIrayaSTayAM vikRtAM jghaan||38 -

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eka anya sthala para krUra bhIloM dvArA khUna va mA~sa kI bali car3hAne kA varNana hai yahA~ isI rasa kI pariNiti hai vanamahiSaM nipAtya viSamaM viSamAH paritaH, paruSakirAtakA rudhirmaaNsbliprkrm| vicakarurunmanamazakamakSikamakSiviSaM, prvittvisrgndhdurbhiikRtdigvlym||9 ... yahA~ para balidAna se makkhiyoM va maccharoM se yukta vaha sthAna bhayAnaka pratIta ho rahA hai| phailI huI sar3I bAsa se durgandhita samasta vAtAvaraNa bhayAnaka rasa kA saMcAra kara sUrasAgara meM bhI yatra-tatra isa rasa kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai| dAvAnala pracaNDatA kA bar3A hI bhAvapUrNa citraNa uparyukta rasa se paripUrNa pratIta ho rahA hai bhaharAta jhaharAta davA (nala) aayau| gheri cahu~ ora kari sora aMdora bana dharani AkAsa cahu~ pAsa chaayauN| barata bana bA~sa tharaharata kusa kA~sa, jari ur3ata hai mauMsa ati prabala dhaayau| bIbhatsa rasa : harivaMzapurANa meM bIbhatsa rasa ke kucha sthala milate haiN| yuddha ke bAda yuddha-sthala kI bIbhatsatA ke varNana meM isa rasa kI pariNiti huI hai| kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM. teSAM tasya saMgrAmo yshHsNgrhkaarinnm| anyonyAkSepivAkyAnAM pravRto vaartsNkthm|| channA tena kumArANAM zirobhI rudhiraarunnaiH| cakranArAcanirbhinnaiH pakaMjairiva bhuurbhaat|| sUrasAgara meM vizeSataH komala bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai ataH usameM se "bIbhatsarasa" ke bhAvoM ko nikAlanA muzkila kArya hai| adbhuta rasa :- . - harivaMzapurANa meM sAhitya ke sabhI rasoM kA prakarSa hai| kavi ne dvArikA ke nirmANa meM yaduvaMziyoM ke prabhAva-varNana meM vidyAdharoM kI AkAzamArga se kI gayI yAtrAoM meM, mAyAyuddhoM meM evaM jinendra abhiSekAdi meM adbhuta rasa kI abhivyakti kI hai| dvArikA kA adbhuta saundarya dekhiye bhaasvtklpltaaruuddhklpvRkssopshobhitaiH| nAgavallIlavaMgAdipUgAdInAM sa sdvnaiH||

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prAsAdAH saMgatAstasyAM hempraakaargopuraaH| . . sarvatra sukhadA rejurvicitrmnnikuttttimaaH||2 sUrasAgara meM bhI yatra-tatra adbhuta rasa ke bhAvoM kI abhivyakti huI hai| zrI kRSNa ke mATI-bhakSaNa kA prasaMga dekhiye jisameM unake mukha meM sampUrNa brahmANDa ko dekhakara naMdarAnI yazodA stabdha ho jAtI hai naMdahi kahati yasodA raanii| mATI maiM misa mukha dikhAyau, tihU~ loka rjdhaanii| svarga pAtAla dharani vana parvata, badana mAMjha rahe aanii| . nadI sumeru dekhi cakita bhaI, yAkI akatha khaanii| citai rahe taba naMda juvati-mukha, mana-mana karata binaanii|3 uparyukta prakAra se donoM granthoM meM adbhuta rasa kA sundara citraNa hai| donoM kRtiyoM ke kathanaka zrI kRSNa mahApuruSa eva parabrahma mAne gaye haiM ataH usake caritra varNana meM tathA unake kriyA-kalApoM meM adbhutatA kA honA svAbhAvika hai| zAMta-rasa : yaha hamane pahale hI kaha diyA hai ki harivaMzapurANa kA aMgI rasa "zAMta" hai| kRti ke samasta pAtroM ne antogatvA dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI hai| aneka muniyoM ke upadezoM meM zAntarasa kI abhivyakti huI hai| harivaMzapurANa ke aMtima tIna sarga isI rasa ke bhAvoM se bhare par3e haiN| baladeva jI kI tapasyA, neminAtha kA upadeza, pANDavoM kI dIkSA, samudravijaya ke nau bhAIyoM, devakI ke chaha putroM evaM pradyumna kumAra ityAdi kA mokSagamana tathA neminAtha jinendra ko nirvANa kI prApti ityAdi prasaMgoM meM zAntarasa kI niSpatti hai| udAharaNArtha eka prasaMga dekhiyeeka bAra zrI kRSNa ke anuja gajasukumAra jinendra neminAtha se samyak jJAna, samyak caritra tathA samyak darzana kA upadeza sunate haiM to unake mana meM vairAgya kI bhAvanA A jAtI hai| ve avilamba apane pitA-putra Adi samasta bandhuoM ko chor3a vinaya ke sAtha jinendra se dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM evaM tapa ko udyata hote haiM ArhantyavibhavopetaM gnnaiaadshbhirvRtm| jinaM natvopaviSTo'sau kumaarshckrpaanninaa|| jagAda bhagavAMstatra nRsuraasursNsdi| saMsArataraNopAyaM dharma rtntryojjvlm||4

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zrutvA gajakumAro'sau jinAdicaritaM tthaa| vimocya sakalAn bandhUn pitRputrpurssraan|| saMsArabhIrurAsAdya jinendraM prshryaanvitm| gRhItvAnumato dIkSAM tapaH kartuM smudytH||5 sUrasAgara meM bhI mahAkavi sUra ne vinaya ke padoM meM jo saMsAra kI kSaNikatA, Atma-dainya, Izabhakti ityAdi kA virNana kiyA hai, unameM zAntarasa ke bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA hai| udAharaNArtha dekhiye sUra kA yaha pada saba taji bhajie nNdkumaar| aura bhaji te kAma sare, nahiM miTe bhava jNjaar| jihiM jihiM joni janma dhArayau, bahu jorayo agha ko bhaar| tihi kArana ko samaratha hari ko, tIchana mAra kutthaar| veda purAna bhAgavata gItA, sabako yaha mata saar| bhava samuda hari pada naukA, binu koU na utare paar|| isa prakAra se donoM hI bhakta kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM meM zAMta rasa ke bhAvoM kA sundara nirUpaNa milatA hai| donoM kaviyoM kI paramparAnusAra bhakti ke udgAroM meM yaha bhAva maNikAMcana svarUpa meM samAhita hai| harivaMzapurANa ke zAMtarasa kI abhivyakti meM zAMta rasa ke prasaMgoM meM saMkSiptatA adhika hai| bhakti : . jinasenAcArya jaina-muni the| unakI dRSTi meM bhakti hI sarvocca thii| phira bhalA bhakti rasa ke avasara apane harivaMzapurANa meM kyoM na nikaalte| isIlie unhoMne sthAna-sthAna para jinendra pUjA karAI hai| indra, kRSNa, baladeva, samudravijaya, nArada Adi aneka pAtroM dvArA jina pUjA evaM jinendra stuti ke samaya bhakti rasa ke bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai| eka udAharaNa hai jisameM indra ariSTanemi kI stuti kara rahe haiM bhavateha bhavAM tritaye bhavatA guruNA paramezvara vizvajanIna, mahecchadhiyA prtipaaditmprtimprtimaarhitm| hitamuktipathaM prathitaM vidhivat pratipadya vidhAya tapo vividhaM, vidhinA pravidhUya kukarmamalaM sakalaM bhuvi bhavyajanaH prnntH|| - harivaMzapurANa kI racanA ke bAre meM jinasenAcArya ne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai ki maiMne isa grantha kI racanA na to kAvya racanA ke vyasanajanya saMskAroM se kI hai, na hI kIrti samUha kI balavatI icchA se kI hai, na kAvya ke abhimAna se kI hai aura na dUsare ke dekhA dekhI kI hai| kintu yaha racanA maiMne mAtra jinendra kumAra kI bhakti se kI hai| isa carita ke guNagAna se mujhe asaMkhya puNya kA saMcaya huA hai jo maMgalarUpa hai|

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na kAvyabandhavyasanAnubandhato na kiirtisNtaanmhaamniissyaa| na kAvyagarveNa na cAnyavIkSayA jinasya bhaktyaiva kRtA kRtirythaa||8 kavi ke anusAra jinendra kA nAma zravaNa va grahaNa se hI sAMsArika pIr3A dUra ho sakatI hai| unakA caritra hI maMgalarUpa hai jisase manovAMchita siddhiyA~, prasiddha dharma, artha aura mokSa kI labdhiyA~ prApta hotI haiM . prakAmamAkAMkSitakAmasiddhayaH prsiddhdhrmaarthvimoksslbdhyH| bhavanti teSAM sphuTamalpayatnataH paThanti bhaktyA harivaMzamatra ye||9 . harivaMzapurANa meM kavi ne jina-bhakti va zrAvaka-bhakti kA sUkSmatama varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne isa bhakti ke lie samyak jJAna, samyak caritra evaM samyak darzana kI paramAvazyakatA para vizeSa bala diyA hai| sampanna dRSTi ke binA koI bhakti nahIM kara sktaa| jo isakI upekSA karatA hai vaha kyA bhakti karegA? arthAt kucha bhI nhiiN| zaktasyopekSamANasya sdRssttijnmaapdi| kA vA kaThinacittasya jinshaasnbhkttaa||50 harivaMzapurANa jina-bhakti kA agAdha sAgara hai| isa para alaga se zodha kArya saMbhava hai| hama yahA~ isakA saMketa mAtra de rahe haiM kyoMki yahA~ vistRtatA pradAna karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| __kavi ziromaNi sUra ne bhakti ke mAhAtmya kA aneka sthaloM para varNana kiyA hai| sAMsArika duHkhoM kI nivRtti evaM paramAnanda kI prApti kA RjumArga hI premabhakti hai re mana samujhi soci vicaari| bhakti vinu bhagavaMta durlabha, kahata nigama pukaarii||51 bhagavad-bhakti ke binA mAnava jIvana vyartha hai (ka).sUradAsa bhagavaMta bhajana binu vRthA sujanama garva hai|52 (kha) sUradAsa-vrata yahai, kRSNa bhaji bhavajalanidhi utrt|53 itanA hI nahIM kavi ne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA ki bhakti rahita jIvana zvAna, grAmazUkara uSTra, vRSabha tathA mahiSa ke samAna vyartha hai bhajana binu kUkara sUkara jaiso| jaise ghara bilAva ke mUsA, rahata viSaya basa vaisauN| sUradAsa bhagavaMta bhajana vina manoM U~Ta, vRSa bhaiNsauN|54 . - -

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sUra ne navadhA-bhakti meM zravaNa, kIrtana, smaraNa, pAdasevana, arcanA va vandanA ko vizeSa mahattva dekara usake anurUpa padoM kI racanA kI hai| sUra kI bhakti pramukhataH sakhyabhAva kI rahI hai| parantu unhoMne dAsya-bhAva, vAtsalyabhAva, madhurAbhAva, zAntabhAva Adi kA bhI sundara nirUpaNa kiyA hai| viSaya kI maryAdAnusAra donoM kaviyoM kI bhakti kI gaharAI meM jAnA anupayukta hogaa| parantu donoM bhaktakavi the| donoM ke kAvya meM apanI paramparA kI bhakti kA sundara samAveza hai| sUra bhakti ke kSetra meM jinasena se Age nikala gaye hai| unakA hRdaya unake padoM meM bola rahA hai| aise bhakta kavi ke pada dekhate hI banate haiM, kyoMki ve durlabha bhakti rasa ke 'rasiyA' the| chanda-vidhAna : kalApakSa meM chaMdovidhAna kA apanA vizeSa mahattva hai va chaMda kAvya ke pAda haiM, kyoMki usake AdhAra para kAvya gati karatA hai| chaMda hI apanI bhAvAnukUla gati evaM dhvani se kAvyArtha kA prakAzana karatA hai| chaMda hI kavitA ke rasAnukUla vAtAvaraNa ko taiyAra karatA hai| chanda kalpanA ko prajjvalita kara kavi ko aisI dRzyamAna evaM zrotavya pratibhAe~ pradAna karatA hai, jinameM kavi kI anubhUti kI abhivyakti spaSTa aura preraka ho jAtI hai| chaMda kI sRSTi laya ke AdhAra para hotI hai| isa laya kA pramukha kArya hamAre antarvegoM ko uddIpta karanA hai| vaidika chandoM se lekara laukika chandoM kA mUlAdhAra laya hI hai| . hamArI Alocya kRtiyA~-harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kI bhASA pRthak-pRthak hai| ataH donoM granthoM kA chandovidhAna bhI bhinna hai| hama yahA~ pratyeka grantha meM prayukta chandoM kA alaga-alaga vivecana kreNge| harivaMzapurANa eka vizAlakAya paurANika mahAkAvya hai| isameM chandoM kA apanA mahattva hai| nAnA prasaMgoM ke varNanoM meM ruciratA lAne ke lie jinasenAcArya ne vividha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| parvo kA anta prAyaH chanda parivartana ke sAtha hotA hai| aneka chandoM ke prayoga meM cautIsavA~ sarga dekhA jA sakatA hai, jisameM vividha chandoM kA sundara samanvaya hai| (1) harivaMzapurANa meM pradhAnataH anuSTap chanda kA hI prayoga huA hai jisakA lakSaNa hai zloke SaSThaM gururjeyaM sarvatra laghu pNcmm| dvicatuSpAdayohrasvaM saptamaM diirghmnyyoH|| udAharaNArtha -

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ataH paraM paraM zaureH zRNu zreNika! cessttitm| vegavatyA viyuktasya punnypaurussyoginH||55 isake atirikta isameM 44 "mAtrAvRtta" tathA "varNa-vRtta" bhI prayukta hue haiM jinakA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai(2) AryA paMcAnAM saMkalite caturguNo ssssttirevmssttaanaam| navabhimizritamadhyaH paMcadazAnAM ca ssoddshbhiH||56 (3) AryAgIti mahiSamRgadhvajavRttaM yaH satataM zuddhavRttamanasi dhtte| .... sa bhajati dRSTivizuddhiM jinadRSTapadArthagocarAM bhvyjnH||57 (4) zArdUlavikrIDita-(sUyazvaiirmasajastataH saguravaH zArdUlavikrIDitam) dharmasyAcaritasya pUrvajanane mArge jinAnAM mhaan,| mAhAtmyena sapauruSaH sukhnidhiokaikklpdrumH| samyagdarzanaratnaraMjitamanovRtirmanazcakrabhRt, cakre zakranibhaH zriyAtra bharataH shaarduulvikriidditm||58 (5) mAlinI-(nanamayayayuteyaM mAlinI bhogilokaiH) / atha virudavalijyArUDhabANAsanAyAM klrvklhNsiishNkhshyyaashritaayaam| ripuzikhimadapakSakSodapakSodayAyAM zaradi hrinvshriiliilyaadhyaasitaayaam||59 (6) zAlinI-(zAlinyuktA mtau tagau go'bdhilokaiH) / vidyAdAnaM bAlacandrAbhidhAnA vidyAM dattvA kanyakA vegvtyai| sadyo jAtA muktazalyA ca jainyo vidyAdharyaH saadhyntybhyupetm||6deg (7) vasantatilakA--(uktA vasantatilakA tabhajA jagau gaH) prApto'bhiSekamamarendragaNairgirIndre prAptaH sutastribhuvanezvara ityudaarau| prAptau mahApramadabhAravazau tadAnIM nAbhizca nAbhivanitA ca sukhaM svvedym||1 (8) mandAkrAntA--(mandAkrAntA jaladhiSaDagaiau natau tAdgurU cet) jyotirlokaprakaTapaTalasvargamokSordhvalokaprajJaptyuktaM naravara mayA sNgrhaatkssetrmevm| saMproktaM te zravaNasubhagaM zreNikaM zreyase'taH zrRNvAyuSmannavahitamatirvacmi kaalopdeshm||62 (9) zikhariNI-(rasai rUTraizchinnA yamanasabhalAgaH zikhariNI) -

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jagaSaDbhirdravyairanupacaritairvyAptamakhilaM tdpyrhjjnyaanaaddhikmbhiyuktairdhigtm| 'yataH kAlAdyarthe ghanamapi dhunAtyandhatamasaM jinAdityAlokaH sthirapariNataH shriimdudyH||63 (10) rathoddhatA--(rAnnarAviha rathoddhatA lagau) saMjayantacaritaM jagatraye suprsiddhmtibhktibhaavtH| saMbhavantu bhuvi bhavyajantavaH saMsmarantu jinatAM yiyaasvH||64 (11) dodhaka-(dodhakavRtamidaM bhabhabhAdgau) durjayamapyarilokamanekaiH zauryasakho nikhilaM khcraughaiH| Azu vijitya jano jinadharmAdAzrayatAmiha yAti bhuunaam||65 (12) vaMzastha-(jatau tu vaMzasthamudIritaM jarau) gRhItaratnatrayabhUSaNA purA janA babhUvuH sthirbhaavnaastdaa| pare yatizrAvakadharmadIkSitAH kRte yuge yukta gunnaashckaasire||66 (13) pRthvI-(jasau jasayalA vasugrahayatizca pRthvI guruH) samudravijayaH zivAM vihitapaTTabandhAM priyAM badhUnivahamukhyatAmadhigamayya raajysthitim| sthirAM sa paripAlayan sahajabandhu bhavyAmbujaH .. pratApamabhivardhayannudayanairjinArko ythaa||67 * (14) upajAti ... isa chanda ke aneka bheda hote hai| yaha "indravrajA" va "upendravrajA" chandoM ke pada jor3akara banatA hai--(anantaro dIritalakSmabhAjau pAdau yadIyAvupajAtayastAH) dvizatyazItizcaturuttarA syuratropavAsAH prignnymaanaaH| .. . ekonaSaSTizca hi bhuktikAlA: phalaM tu rtntrysaarlbdhiH||68 (15) upendravajrA--(upendravajrA jatajAstato gau) . . itIritaM tAH pratipadya yAtAH pradRzya caikogrshkuntruupaa| pranudya hantrI hariNAttatuNDA pracaNDanAdA praNanAza bhiitaa||69 (16) indravajrA-(syAdindravajrA yadi tau jagau gaH) rUpAntarAH paJcadazAvasAnA rUpAntarA: SoDaza yatra caagre| rUponakAstatparamantarUpA muktAvalIyaM khalu ratnapUrvA // 70

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(17) sragdharA-(praznairyAnAM trayeNa trimuniyatiyutA sragdharA kIrtiteyam) itthaM kRtvA samarthaM bhavajaladhijalottAraNe bhaavtiirthN| kalpAntasthAyi bhUyastribhuvanahitakRt kSetratIrthaM sa krtum| svAbhAvyAdAruroha zramaNagaNasurakra.saMpUjyapAdaH kailAsAkhyaM mahIdhaM niSadhamiva vRSAditya iddhaprabhADhyaH // 1 (18) drutavilambita--(drutavilambitamAha na bhau bharo) athavibuddhasarojavanaspRzA surabhiNA spRztA marutA tdaa| hRtavapuH zramakaM mithunaM mithstdkrodupguuddhmtithuuthm||2 (19) toTaka-(vada toTakamambudhisaiH prathitam) yatayAtmadhiyA jitanAtmabhuvaM bhuvabhavyatarAM sukhssybhRtaam| bhRtavizva! bhavantamanantaguNaM guNakAMkSitayA vayamIza ntaaH||2 . (20) hariNI-(rasayugahayairsI bhrau slau go yadA hariNI tadA) pratidadhimukhaM catvAraste nirastamanomalAH pratiratikaraM cASTau yatra hypossitvaasraaH| pratidizamatho SaSThaM kAryaM tathAJjanakAnprati vratavidhirayaM zreSTho nandIzvaro jinckrikRt|| (21) narkuTa-(hayadazAbhirnajau bhajajalA guru narkuTakam) akaThinakambukaNThacibukAparabimbaphalaprahasitapANDugaNDakuTilabhulalATataTI dviguNitakomalotpalasunAlasukarNabhRtA ciramanayAtyabhAsi dhvlaasitdiirghdRshaa|| __uparyukta vivecanAnusAra yaha spaSTa hai ki jinasenAcArya kA "chaMdovidhAna" unakI bhAvAbhivyakti kA sazakta sAdhana hai| inhoMne apanI kRti meM zIrSastha chanda ke rUpa meM anuSTa p ko hI rakhA hai parantu anya chandoM kA bhI saphala prayoga kara apane mahAkavitva ko asaMdigdha-bhAva se prakaTa kiyA hai| sampUrNa kRti jo 66 sargoM meM vibhakta hai, isameM lagabhaga 9000 chanda prayukta hue haiN| kavi ne cauMtIsa evaM unatAlIsaveM sarga meM viziSTa chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| chandoM kI dRSTi se harivaMzapurANa ke kaI sarga bahuta bar3e ho gaye haiN| udAharaNArtha mAtra sAThaveM sarga meM 574 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kavi ne vividha chandoM ko prayukta kara kRti meM saMgItAtmakatA ke sAtha sarasatA pradAna kI hai jo svAbhAvika evaM bhAvAnukUla hai| yahA~ mAtra chandoM ke prayoga kI bAta kI gayI hai parantu vividha chandoM kA rasAsvAdana kRti ko par3hane para hI prApta ho sakatA hai|

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sUrasAgara meM prayukta chanda : mahAkavi sUra kA sambandha prAcIna hindI sAhitya se hai ataH inhoMne apanI kRti sUrasAgara meM mAMtrika, varNika va mizra sabhI prakAra ke chandoM kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| sUrasAgara se, chandovidhAna kA unakA jJAna aparimita thA, yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hotI hai| chanda prayoga para kavi kA vilakSaNa adhikAra hai| sUra sAhitya meM chandoM ke anusaMdhAtA DaoN0 gaurIzaMkara mizra "dvijendra" ne sUrasAgara meM prayukta chandoM kI jo tAlikA dI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai(1) sama-chanda : lIlA, tomara, sakhI, kajjala, caupaI, caupAI, paddhari, candra, rati-vallabha, yogakalpa, kuMDalI, praNaya, rAsa, kuMDala, upamita, upamAna, avatAra, rajanI, hIra, rolA, rUpamAlA, sArasa, muktAmaNi, viSNupada, gItikA, gItA,sarasI sAra, mAdhava, mAlatI, marahaTA-mAdhavI, tATaka utkaMThA, vIrachanda, samAna savaiyA, jalataraMga, vadanasavaiyA, vizvabharaNa lIlApati, aruNajayI, pratipAla, dvitIya, jhUlanA, haMsAlaM, karakhA, prabhAtI, mAnavatI, madanazatyA, vijayA praphullita, madanahara zubhAMga kAmamohitA, vinaya, amarSitA, naTanAgara, prabodhana, haripriyA, hariprItA, hrivllbhaa| (2) arddhasama chanda-dohA, dohkiiy|6 (3) mizra chanda-sama tathA sama ke mizraNa se bane chanda : ___ lIlA + tomara, lIlA + hIra, caubAlA + caupaI, caubAlA + caupAI, caupAI + caupAi, caupAI + upavadanaka, caupAI + harigItikA, praNaya + kuMDala, ullAsa + sukhadA, upamita + upamAna, ullAsa + gItikA, ullAsa + sarasI, rajanI + rUpamAlA, rajanI + madhurajanI, rUpamAlA + gItA, rUpamAlA + samAna savaiyA, rolA + samAnasavaiyA, viSNupada + sAra, viSNupada + tATaka, gItA + sarasI, gItikA + sAra, sarasI + sAra, sarasI + tATaMka, sarasI + vIra, sarasI + samAna savaiyA, sAra + marahaTA mAdhavI, sAra + tATaMka, sAra + vIra, sAra + samAna savaiyA, jhUlanA + haMsAla, jhUlanA + karakhA, lIlA + mahAnubhAva + caupAI, sakhI + caupAI + harigItikA, caubAlA + caupAI + caupAI, caubAlA + caupAI + upavadanaka, caupAI + gItikA + harigItikA, rUpamAlA + gItA + gItikA, viSNupada + sarasI + sAra, sarasI + sAra + tATaMka, sarasI + sAra + samAna savaiyA, karakhA + haMsAla + jhUlanA, caupAI + caubAlA + caupAI + ullAlA, caupAI + pAdAkulaka + yogakalpa + sAra, caupAI + upavadanaka + gItikA + hrigiitikaa| arddhasama aura sama ke mizraNa se bane chaMda :dohA + rolA, dohA + muktAmaNi, dohA + viSNupada, dohA + sarasI, dohA + -277=

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sAra, dohakIya + sAra, rolA + ullAlA, dohanIya + sarasI + sAra, dohA + soraThA + caupAI + harigItikA, dohA + zazivadanA + mAlI + sakhI + giitikaa| arddhasama aura arddhasama ke mizraNa se bane chanda :-dohA + dohkiiy| ... (4) varNa chanda : mitAkSarI, nAgara, gorasa, sUraghanAkSarI, manaharaNa, rUpaghanAkSarI, jlhrnn| uparyukta tAlikA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kavi ne mAtrika evaM usake mizraNa se bane mizra chandoM kA prayoga sarvAdhika kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unakA sAhitya geya thaa| saMgItAtmakatA kI svAbhAvikatA va prabhaviSNutA se ye chanda saphala siddha hue haiN| sUrasAgara meM prayukta paddhatiyA~ : sUradAsa ke pUrva hindI meM chanda racanA kI cAra paddhatiyA~ pracalita thii| kavi ne pUrvavartI paddhatiyoM kA apanI kRti meM saphalatA pUrvaka nirvAha kiyA hai| (1) dohA paddhati : dohA mAtrika arddhasama chanda hai| isake prathama va tRtIya caraNa meM 13-13 evaM dvitIya va caturtha caraNa meM 11-11 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| sUra ne varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM meM isakA saphala prayoga kiyA hai parantu apanI kAvya pratibhA va saMgItakalA ke bala para ise aneka navInatAe~ bhI pradAna kI hai| sUrasAgara meM dohe ke aneka rUpa milate haiN| dAnalIlA prasaMga kI do paMktiyA~ yahA~ uddhRta kI jAtI haiM jisameM inhoMne dohe ke anta meM 9 athavA 10 mAtrAoM kI eka laghu paMkti jor3akara, apekSAkRta adhika geyatA pradAna kI hai ihiM mAraga gorasa lai sabai, nitya prati AvahiM jaahiN| hamahi~ chApa dikharAvahU~, dAna kihiM paahiN|| kahati braja laaddilii| (2) chappaya paddhati : chappaya mAtrika viSama chanda hai| isake chaH caraNa hote haiM, jisameM prathama cAra pada roLA chanda tathA aMtima do pada ullAlA chanda meM hote haiN| yaha chanda vIragAthAkAla meM ojasvI bhAvoM kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana thaa| sUrasAgara meM isakA abhAva rahA hai, phira bhI vinaya ke padoM meM eka chappaya draSTavya hai taba vilamba nahiM kiyau, jabai hiranAkusa maaryo| taba vilamba nahiM kiyau, kesa gahi kaMsa pchaaryau|| taba vilamba nahiM kiyau, sIsa dasa rAvana ktttte| taba vilamba nahiM kiyau, sabai dAnava daha ptttte||' -

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kara jori sUra vinatI karai, sunahu na ho rukumini-rvn| kATau na phaMda mo aMdha kai, aba vilamba kArana kvn||79 (3) daNDaka paddhati : kisI padya ke eka pAda meM yadi 26 akSaroM se adhika akSara ho to use daNDaka kahate haiN| ye daNDaka do prakAra ke hote haiM sAdhAraNa daNDaka tathA muktaka dnnddk| mahAkavi sUra ne muktachaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jisameM ghanAkSarI mahattvapUrNa hai| ghanAkSarI ko manahara aura kavitta bhI kahate haiN| isake pratyeka caraNa meM ATha-ATha vargoM ke vizrAma se solaha tathA pandraha para yati tathA antiH zarNa guru hotA hai| gajamocana avatAra prasaMga kI eka ghanAkSarI udAharaNArtha prastuta hai jhAI na miTata pAI, Ae hari Atura hai, jAnyau jaba gaja grAha, lie jAta jala mai jAdaupati jadunAtha, chA~Di khagapati sAtha, jAni jasa vihvala, chuDAi lInhauM pala meN| nIrahU te nyArau kInau, cakra nakra sIsa chInau, devakI ke pyAre lAla, aiMci lAe thala meN| kahai sUradAsa dekhi, nainani kI miTI pyAsa, kRpA kInhIM gopInAtha, Ae bhuva tala maiM // deg (4) caupAI paddhati :- caupAI mAtrika chanda hai| isameM 16 mAtrAe~ hotI hai tathA anta meM jagaNa, tagaNa varjita hai| sUra ne dRr3hatA ke sAtha isa niyama kA pAlana kiyA hai isIlie 14 mAtrA se 17 mAtrAoM taka kA prayoga inhoMne isa chaMda meM kiyA hai| (ka) 14 mAtrA kI caupAI piya dekhI vana chavi nihaarii| bAra-bAra yaha kahati naarii||1 (kha) 15 mAtrA kI caupAI brajavAsI saba uThe pukaari| jala bhItara kaha karata muraarii||2 (ga) 16 mAtrA kI caupAI sUra ati bhae vyAkula muraarii| . naina bhari leta jala deta ddaarii||3 (gha) 17 mAtrA kI caupAI 279

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kAma tanu dahata nahiM dhaurdhaare| kahu~ baiThata bAra baare||4 spaSTa hai ki sUra ne caupAI-paddhati kA saphalatA va kuzalatA se prayoga kara isa paddhati ko Age bar3hAyA hai| anya chaMda : sUradAsa saMgIta ke AcArya evaM vilakSaNa pratibhA sampanna kavi the| ataH navIna chaMdoM kA nirmANa karanA inake lie svAbhAvika thaa| kucha chandoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra laanyau| (1) kuMDala : isa chaMda meM 12, 10 ke virAma se 22 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM tathA anta meM do guru hote haiN| sUrasAgara meM isa chaMda kA prayoga pracura mAtrA meM milatA hai| yathA taruvara taba ika upAri, anumata kara liinyau| kiMkara kara pakari bAna, tIna khaMDa kiinyau||5 (2) sAra :___isa chanda meM 16, 12 ke virAma 28 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| caraNAnta meM do guru hote haiN| jaise pAI-pAI hai re bhaiyA, kuMja puMja meM ttaalii| abakai apanI haTaki carAvahu~, jai hai bhaTakI ghaalii||6 (3) viSNu pada : isa chanda meM 16, 10 ke virAma se 26 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| sUrasAgara meM isa chanda kA bhI prayoga adhika hai| yathA braja vanitA sata jUtha maMDalI, mili-kara parasa krai| bhuja mRnAla-bhUSana torana juta, kaMcana khaMbha dhre|| (4) lAvanI : isameM 16, 14 ke virAma se 30 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| sarasa prasaMgoM meM kavi ne isa chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| jaise braja ghara-ghara Ananda baDhyau ati, prema pulaka na samAta hie| jokauM neti-neti sruti gAvata, dhyAvata suramuni dhyAna dhre||8 (5) samAna savaiyA :== =280

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isa chanda meM 16-16 ke virAma se 32 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| sUrasAgara ke varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| jaise bhAvI nahIM miTai kAhU kI, karatA kI gati jAti na jaanii| kahA~ kahA~ tai syAma na ubaryo ki hi rAkhyo tihiM ausara aanii||9 (6) upamAna : isa chanda meM 12, 10 ke virAma se 22 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM tathA caraNAnta meM do guru hote hai| sUra ne isakA pracura prayoga kiyA hai| yathA sutA mahara vRSabhAnu kI, nanda sadanahiM aaii| gRha dvAre hI ajira maiM, go duhata knhaaii|| (7) haripriyA : mAtrika chandoM meM yaha dIrghatama chanda mAnA jAtA hai| isameM 12, 12, 12 aura 10 mAtrAoM kI yati ke sAtha isameM kula 46 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM tathA anta meM do guru hote haiN| yathA jasumati dadhi-mathana karati baiThI bara dhAma ajir| ThAr3he hari ha~sata nAnha datiyani chavi chaajai| citavana cita lai curAI sobhA varanI na jaaii| manu muni-mana-harana-kAja mohinI dala saajai||1 (8) zobhana :.... isa chanda meM 14, 10 para yati ke sAtha 24 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM tathA anta meM eka jagaNa hotA hai| jaise cauka candana lipikai dhari, Arati sNjoi| kahati ghoSa kumAri aisau, anaMda jau nita hoi||12 (1) rUpamAlA :. isameM 14-10 ke virAma se 24 mAtrAe~ va anta meM guru laghu hotA hai| kavi ne kahIM-kahIM zobhana rUpamAlA kA mizraNa kara diyA hai| jaise tanaka derI mAi mAkhana tanaka dairI maai| - tanaka kara para tanaka roTI, mA~gata carana claai||13 ..sUra ne uparyukta ullekhita chandoM ke atirikta bhI aneka navIna chandoM kA prayoga * kiyA hai, jisameM yoga kalpa, praNaya, upamita, madharajanI, mAdhava mAlatI, pratipAla, prabhAtI, =281=

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mAnavatI, vinaya, naranAgara, sUraghanAkSarI, utkaMTha, lIlApati, kAmamohitA, jalataraMga, praphullita, tomara lAvanI haMsAla tathA grIva ityAdi mukhya hai| sUra kA chandovidhAna inakI bhAvAbhivyakti kA sazakta sAdhana hai| DaoN0 dvijendra ke zabdoM meM ___ "sUradAsa kevala chanda prayoktA hI nahIM the varan navIna chandoM ke nirmAtA bhI the| saMgItajJa hone ke kAraNa unakI laya cetanA bar3I tIvra thii| jisakI laya cetanA jitanI tIvra hogI, vaha navIna chandoM ke nirmANa meM utanA hI kRtakArya ho skegaa|"94 . ___ isa prakAra se sUra kA chandovidhAna unake AcAryAtva evaM mahAkavitva ko spaSTa rUpa se prakaTa karatA hai| sUra chanda-zAstra ke marmajJa the, yaha tathya unakI kRti sUrasAgara se asaMdigdha rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| sUra ke padoM meM saMgIta kA svara-tAla, lokadhunoM kA zAstrIya svarUpa evaM sAhityika pada-bandha hai-jo eka nirAle svarUpa meM vizeSa prabhAvazAlI bana gayA hai| niSkarSa : tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAya to donoM AcArya kavi apane-apane kSetra ke prasiddha kavi rahe haiN| jinasenAcArya ne apanI abhivyakti kA sAdhana saMskRta ke prasiddha chandoM ko banAyA hai to mahAkavi sUra ne hindI ke| jahA~ taka chandoM kI saMkhyA kA prazna hai to sUrasAgara meM harivaMzapurANa se kaI gune adhika chanda prayukta hue haiN| jinasenAcArya ne kisI chanda kA svataH nirmANa nahIM kiyA hai jabaki sUra ne kucha chandoM kI kalpanA svataMtra kI hai| sUra ne bahuta jaldI-jaldI chanda parivartana kiyA hai kintu jinasenAcArya ne cautIsaveM sarga ko chor3a kara kahIM bhI itanI zIghratA se chanda nahIM badale haiN| isake alAvA bhI sUrasAgara kA chandovidhAna harivaMzapurANa se adhika samRddha evaM vyApaka bana par3A hai| sUra ko bhAvAnukUla chandoM ke prayoga meM vizeSa siddhi milI hai| alaMkAra vidhAna : kAvya ke zobhAdAyaka dharmoM ko alaMkAra kahate haiN| kAvya meM alaMkAra yojanA ke do rUpa hote haiM-zrama sAdhya evaM svaabhaavik| zramasAdhya alaMkAra yojanA meM camatkAra kA prAdhAnya hotA hai, jisase usake kAvyatva ko kSati pahu~catI hai| isIlie zramasAdhya alaMkAra yojanA ko nikRSTa aura tyAjya batAyA gayA hai| kAvya meM svAbhAvika rIti se prayukta alaMkAra hI vastutaH kAvya kI zobhA ke kAraka aura rasa tathA bhAvoM ke upakAraka hote haiN| kAvya meM alaMkAroM ke mahattva kA vivecana karate hue "candrAlokakAra" jayadeva ne kahA hai ki-"jo kAvya ko alaMkAra rahita mAnatA hai, vaha agni ko anuSNa kyoM nahIM mAnatA?195

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AcArya jinasena evaM mahAkavi sUra ne alaMkAroM kA prayoga vizeSakara saundarya bodha ke lie kiyA hai| inake kAvya meM jo alaMkAroM kA samAveza milatA hai, vaha prayatna sAdhya na hokara svataH evaM sahaja rUpa meM hai| yahA~ donoM ke kAvya meM se Avazyaka uddharaNoM ko prayukta karate hue unake alaMkAra vidhAna para vicAra kreNge| ___harivaMzapurANa meM zabdAlaMkAroM kI apekSA arthAlaMkAroM kA prayoga adhika huA hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA ko kavi ne savizeSa prayukta kiyA hai| isake alAvA sandeha, bhrantimAna, atizayokti, anyokti evaM dRSTAMta ityAdi kA bhI paryApta sthAna rahA hai| zeSa alaMkAra apekSAkRta kama prayukta hue haiN| zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa kA prayoga sarvAdhika milatA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM prayukta alaMkAra bhAvoM kI sahaja pariNiti meM sahAyaka bana par3e haiM, jo sahajAbhivyakti ke paricAyaka haiN| kahIM-kahIM para alaMkAroM kA balAt prayoga bhI kavi ne kiyA hai| - sUrasAgara meM kavi ne apane umar3ate hue athAha bhAvasAgara ko sahaja alaMkRta zailI meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| unakI racanAoM meM jaisI bhAva-praNavatA hai, vaisI hI AlaMkArikacamatkRti bhii| sUra kI anubhUti va abhivyakti ke bAre meM zuklajI ne kahA hai ki-"sUra meM jitanI sahRdayatA aura bhAvukatA hai, prAyaH utanI hI caturatA evaM vAgvidagdhatA bhI sUra ne zabdAlaMkAroM kA adhika prayoga na karake arthAlaMkAroM kA prayoga pracura mAtrA meM kiyA hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM zleSa, anuprAsa, yamaka, vakrokti va vIpsA kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se huA hai jabaki arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA evaM sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kA prayoga sarvAdhika rUpa se huA hai / mahAkavi sUra kA alaMkAra prayoga atyadhika sahajatA para AdhArita hai| inameM sAralya hai to bhAva-vyaMjanA kI pUrNa kSamatA bhI hai| inameM sarasatA bhI hai, to bhAvotkarSatA bhii| kavi ne "alaMkAra-yojanA" meM zAyada hI koI aisA alaMkAra hogA yA usakA bhedopabheda hogA jisakA prayoga nahIM kiyA ho| kavi kI isI pratibhA sampannatA ke kAraNa hI unheM "mahAkavi" pada kA adhikArI kahA jAtA hai| (ka) zabdAlaMkAra :___ jo alaMkAra zabdAzrita hai, use zabdAlaMkAra kahate haiN| zabdAlaMkAroM ke bAre meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki ye camatkArotpAdaka hote haiM, bhAvotkarSaka nhiiN| parantu yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki iname camatkAramUlaka alaMkAra bhI hote haiM to sAtha meM bhAva-mUlaka bhii| - AcArya jinasena evaM saradAsa ne ina alaMkAroM kA prayoga camatkArotpatti ke lie bhI kiyA hai to bhAvoM ke utkarSa ke lie bhii| camatkAra pradarzana meM "yamaka" alaMkAra draSTavya hai

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yamaka : jahA~ zabdoM kI AvRtti bAra-bAra ho parantu artha meM bhinnatA rahatI hai, vahA~ yamaka alaMkAra hotA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM prayukta yamaka ke katipaya udAharaNa prastuta haiM(ka) anena ghanarAgiNA samanuvartitA rAgiNI, mahodayaniSeviNApyanuratena pUrva tu yaa|27 (kha) na moho na mayadveSau notknntthaartimtsraaH| asyAM bhadraprabhAveNa jammAjambhA na sNsdi||18 .(ga) kAlaH kaalhrsyaajnyaamnukuulbhyaadiv| pravihAya svavaiSamyaM puujyecchaamnuvrtte||9. yahA~ prathama zloka meM "rAga" zabda do bAra prayukta huA hai parantu donoM bAra usakA artha bhinna hai| isI taraha dUsare zloka meM "jambhA" zabda tathA tIsare zloka meM "kAla" zabda kA prayoga do bAra huA hai jisake artha meM bhinnatA rahI hai| harivaMzapurANa meM yaha alaMkAra svalpa mAtrA meM prayukta huA hai jabaki sUrasAgara meM isakA prayoga apekSAkRta adhika rahA hai| (1) locana jala kAgada-masi milai kai, dvai gaI syAma-syAma kI paatii| isa paMkti meM "syAma" zabda kI bhinnArthaka AvRtti haiN| eka kA artha kAlI tathA dUsare kA artha hai kRssnn| yaha prayoga camatkAra ke sAtha bhAvopaskAra bhI hai| sUra kI eka paMkti aura dekhiye, jo yamaka kA udAharaNa hai (2) calI bhavana mana hari-hari liinhiiN|201 isa paMkti meM prayukta prathama hari zabda kA artha kRSNa tathA dvitIya kA haraNa kara lenA yA curA lenA hotA hai| sUra ne isa alaMkAra ko aneka sthAnoM para saphalatA se citrita kiyA hai, jisakI tulanA meM jinasenAcArya kA prayoga sAmAnya pratIta hotA (2) anuprAsa alaMkAra : vargoM meM sAmya ko anuprAsa alaMkAra kahate haiN| sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa meM isa alaMkAra kA sahaja prayoga milatA hai jo bhAvoM ke utkarSa meM sahAyaka bana par3A hai| harivaMza ke kucha udAharaNa dekhiye(ka) chekAnuprAsa zrIsanAthaiH stataH sarvairbhUyate puurnnmNglaiH| maMgalasya hi mAMgalyA yAtrA mNglpuurvikaa||102 .

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(kha) vRttyanuprAsa sneho'patyakRto'mISu bhavatyAH smbhuudtH| dharmacAriSu sarveSu snehaH kimuta suunussu||103 (ga) dvIpe'trairAvatakSetre pure vijypuurvke| bandhuSeNasya bhUpasya bandhumatyAH sutaabhvt||104 kavi ziromaNi sUra ne bhI anuprAsa alaMkAra kA sundaratApUrNa citraNa kiyA hai| unakA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai jhaharAta jhaharAta (davA) nala aayau| gheri cahu~ ora kari sora andora vana, dharani AkAsa cahu~pAsa chaayau| barata bana bA~sa parahata kasa kA~sa jari ur3ata hai mA~sa ati prabala dhaayau| jhapaTi jhaTapaTa lapaTa phUla phala cara-paTaki phaTaka laTalaTaki druma mana vaayo|| ati Agini jhAra, bhaMbhAra dhuMdhAra kari ucari aMgAra jhaMjhAra chaayau| barata bana pAta jhaharAta jhaharAta atarAta tarumahA dharanI giraayau||105 sUrasAgara meM prayukta anuprAsa alaMkAra harivaMzapurANa kI apekSA adhika sajIva bana gayA hai| uparyukta pada ke dAvAnala-varNana meM aisA pratIta ho rahA hai ki mAno A~khoM ke sAmane agni phailakara use nRSTa-bhraSTa kara rahI hai| vakrokti : * kisI ke kahe hue vAkya kA kisI anya vyakti dvArA zleSa se yadi koI anya artha nikAlA jAya to use vakrokti alaMkAra kahate haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM isa alaMkAra kA prayoga yatra-tatra milatA hai parantu yaha svalpa mAtrA meM hai| harivaMzapurANa ke vakrokti kA eka udAharaNa dekhiye sapadimuktajalAmbarapIlane sphuTakaTAkSaguNena vilaasinaa| madhuripusthiragauravabhUmikAmatulajAmbavatIM smnodyt|| kRtakakopavikArakaTAkSiNI salalitabhU vilokya tu ckssussaa| vibhumuvAca vacaH pathapaNDitA tvaritajAmbavatI sphuttitaadhraa||106 sUrasAgara : mahAkavi sUra ne uddhava-gopI saMvAda meM vakroti kA saphala evaM sundara prayoga kiyA hai, jo anyatra durlabha hai| gopiyoM dvArA jJAna mArga kA khaNDana isI alaMkAra se hotA hai| .. (1) bilaga jAni mAnau udhau kaare| vaha mathurA kAjara kI obarI je Avai te kaare|| 285 ... vinu

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tuma kAre, suphalakasuta kAre, kAre kuTila bhNvaare| kamalanaina ko kauna calAve, sabahini maiM mniyaare||107 vakrokti-alaMkAra ke citraNa meM bhI sUrasAgara harivaMzapurANa se atyadhika Age hai| sUra kA yaha vidhAna svAbhAvika evaM bhAvapravaNa hai jo kAvya ko sarasa, sajIva aura ramaNIya banAne kI pUrNa kSamatA rakhatA hai| zleSa-alaMkAra : jahA~ zliSTa zabdoM se aneka arthoM ko dhvanita kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ zleSa alaMkAra hotA hai| jinasenAcArya ne isa alaMkAra ko bhI prayukta kiyA hai| yathA- .. parairghaTitamapyato vighaTayan padArtha jhaTityupetya .. ghaTayanpaTurvighaTitaM smrthkriyH| paraM bhuvanacakSurujjvalamanidramabhyudyayau yathA jinavacaHpatho vidhirivA'tha vA bhaanumaan||108 sUrasAgara meM prayukta zleSa alaMkAra kA eka udAharaNa dekhiye lehu gorasa-dAna mohana kahA~ reha chpaau| urani tumharai jAti nAhIM leta dahyo chdd'aai||109 sUra kI ina paMktiyoM meM "gorasa" zabda zliSTa hai| isake do artha haiM dahI aura indriyoM kA aannd| isa zliSTa prayoga se ukti kA vaicitrya bar3ha gayA hai| pratyakSataH to koI gopI kRSNa ko dahI ke lie AmaMtrita kara rahI hai, kintu parokSa rUpa se usakA bhAva indriyoM ke Ananda se hI hai| (5) vIpsA-alaMkAra : manobhAvoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie jahA~ zabdoM athavA padoM para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA hai, use vIpsA alaMkAra kahate haiN| sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa meM isake aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| harivaMzapurANa(ka) vijayasva mahAdeva! vijayasva mheshvr| vijayasva mahAbAho! vijayasva mhekssnn||110 , (kha) kAmakarIndramRgendra namaste krodhamahAhivirAja nmste| mAnamahIdharavana namaste lobhamahAvanadAva nmste|| IzvaratAdharadhIra namaste viSNutayA yuta deva nmste| arhadacintyapadeza namaste brahmapadapratibandha nmste||110

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sUrasAgara meM vIpsA kA upayoga bhAva ke ucchalana ke sahaja rUpa meM huA hai| kintu alaMkaraNa ke lie vIpsA kA saceSTa prayoga nahIM hai| jaise(ka) muri-muri citavAni naMda glii| bAra-bAra mohana mukha kArana Avati phira-phira saMga alii|12 (kha) umaMgi-umaMgi prabhu bhujA pasArata haraSi jasomati aMkama bhrnii|113 (6) punarukti alaMkAra :. vIpsA meM punarukti hotI hai kintu zabda kevala do bAra hI prayukta hotA hai, punarukti prakAza meM punarukti aneka bAra hotI hai| punarukti kAvya kA eka doSa hai jaba punarukti hI rucitA kA kAraNa banatI hai to alaMkAra bana jAtI hai|14 isake manorama udAharaNa donoM hI kRtiyoM meM yatra-tatra milate haiN| jaise harivaMzapurANa(ka) candrazcApi mahAcandrastathA cndrdhrshrutiH| siMhacandro haricandraH zrIcandraH puurnncndrkH|| sucandro bAlacandrazca navaite cndrsprbhaaH| balAH pratidviSazcAnye nava shriihriknntthkau||115 (kha) kanatkanakasaMkAzaH kanakaH knkprbhH| trayaH kanakapUrvAH syuste raajdhvjpuNgvaaH||16 sUrasAgara : - sundara syAma, sakhI saba sundara, sundara veSa dhara gopaal| sundara patha, sundara-gati Avana, sundara muralI zabda rsaal|| sundara loga, saphala braja sundara, sundara haladhara sundara bhaal| sundara vacana bilokani sundara, sundara guna sundara vnmaal|| sundara gopa, gAi ati sundara, sundari-gana karati vicaar| sUra syAma saMga saba sundara, sundara bhakta-heta avtaar||17 * harivaMzapurANa ke uparyukta zlokoM meM "candra" tathA "kanaka" zabda kI punarukti hai to sUra ke isa pada meM "sundara" zabda kI punarukti kA saundarya hai| ye AvRttiyA~ bhASAsauSThava evaM bhAvotkarSa meM sahAyaka huI hai| . uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki zabdAlaMkAra-yojanA donoM granthoM kI bhAvarAzi ko samRddha karatI hai| harivaMzapurANa kI apekSA sUrasAgara ke zabdAlaMkAra camatkArapUrNa, bhAvotkarSa saphala va sarasa bana par3e haiN| (kha) arthAlaMkAra :jo alaMkAra artha para Azrita hote haiM, unheM arthAlaMkAra kahate haiN| kAvya meM zabdAlaMkAroM 287

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kI apekSA arthAlaMkAroM kA adhika mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| agnipurANakAra ne to sarasvatI ko bhI arthAlaMkAra ke abhAva meM vidhavA ghoSita kiyA hai|18 ho sakatA hai, yaha atyukti ho, tathApi kAvya meM arthAlaMkAroM ke atizaya mahattva ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa donoM hI kAvya-granthoM meM arthAlaMkAroM kI vipulatA hai| inameM upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, sAdRzyamUlaka kA pramANa to sarvAdhika hai| (1) upamAlaMkAra : ___ jahA~ bhinna-bhinna vastuoM kA sAdhAraNa dharmoM dvArA sambandha sthApita kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ upamAlaMkAra hotA hai| harivaMzapurANa to mAno upamA kA sAgara hai| kavi ne aneka upamAoM kA sahArA lekara isa grantha kI kAvya-zobhA bar3hAI hai| jinasenAcArya ne eka se eka bar3hakara upamAe~ dI haiM, jinake udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM parantu hama yahA~ kucha saMketa hI kreNge| sahRdaya janoM ko upamAoM kA vAstavika Ananda to isa kRti ko par3hane para hI mila skegaa| katipaya udAharaNa prastuta haiM(ka) mRdutaraMgaghane zayanasthale mRditapuSpacaye shyitotthitH| saha babhau priyayA sumukho yathA samadahaMsayuvA siktaasthle||119 . (kha) svatanuvRddhimatazca zanaiH zanaiH saha kalAbhiridaM ca dine dine| zazivapuryadiyAya yathA yathA svajanamujaladhizca tathA tthaa||(15/31) sUrasAgara :(ka) piya tere basa yauM rI maaii| jyauM sa~gahi saMga chAha deha-basa kahayau nahiM jaaii||(pd saM0 2627) (kha) cukira komala kuTilArAz2ata rucira vimala kNpol| nIla nalina sugaMdha jyauM rasa cakita madhukara lolaa||(pd saM0 2838) taulanika dRSTi se dekhA jAya to donoM granthoM meM yaha alaMkAra pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa alaMkAra kI prastuti meM sUrasAgara meM jitanI saralatA evaM svAbhAvikatA hai vaisI harivaMzapurANa meM nhiiN| harivaMzapurANa kI bhASA saMskRta hone ke kAraNa bhASA-vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se bhI yaha prastutikaraNa durUha laga rahA hai jabaki sUrasAgara meM mArmika bhAvAbhivyaMjanA hai| (2) rUpaka : upameya aura upamAna ko jahA~ eka-rUpa kaha diyA jAe, vahA~ rUpaka alaMkAra hotA hai| donoM kRtikAroM ne isa alaMkAra kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM yaha alaMkAra artha kI dRSTi se jaTila va nIrasa bana gayA hai parantu kavi kI kalpanAvistAra kSamatA kA yaha sundara paricAyaka hai| donoM granthoM meM prayukta rUpaka alaMkAra ke kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya hai

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harivaMzapurANa :(ka) atha virudavalijyArUDhabANAsanAyAM klrvklhNsiishNkhshyyaashritaayaam| ripuzikhimadapakSakSodapakSodayAyAM zaradi hrinvshriiliilyaadhyaasitaayaam|| (36/1) (kha) vilaMghatakSmAbhRtamanazailagaM mRgaaNklekhaaNkushdNssttrmaaytm|| digntvishraantninaadmaavishtshrtpyodaabhmibhaarimaiksst|| (37/8) sUrasAgara :(ka) aba 3 rAkhi lehu bhgvaan| hauM anAtha baiThayau guma-Dariyau pAradhi sAdhe baan||(pd saM0 97) (kha) sakhI ina nainani tai dhana hri| binahIM ritu barasata nisi bArasa sadAmalina dou taare||(pd saM0 3843) tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAya to donoM kAvya-grantha isa alaMkAra se bhare par3e haiN| donoM hI kaviyoM ne aneka rUpakoM ko prastuta kara apanI kalpanA ke dvArA sAdhAraNa tathA asAdhAraNa pratyeka sthala kI sAmagrI ekatrita kI hai| parantu unakA vakra-prayoga asaMgata pratIta hotA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM apekSAkRta kucha aise sthala adhika milate haiM jinameM kalpanA kI atiraMjanA rasotkarSa meM sahAyaka nahIM hotii| utprekSAlaMkAra :- . .. jahA~ upamAna meM hI upameya kI sambhAvanA yA kalpanA kI jAya, vahA~ utprekSA alaMkAra hotA hai| yaha alaMkAra kavi kI mArmika abhivyaMjanA evaM kAvya-zakti kA * paricAyaka hai| isa alaMkAra ke nirUpaNa meM donoM kaviyoM ko paryApta saphalatA milI hai| kucha udAharaNa dekhiyeharivaMzapurANa :- . (ka) pramadamurumuvAha zrImukhAmbhojalakSmI . haririva gurubhuubhRdbhrirkssaasnaathH|| (36/25) (kha) vipANDarapayodharAM divamakhaNDacandrAnanAM nizi, sphuritatArakAnikaramaNDanAM haarinniim|| (38/11) sUrasAgara :(ka) prathamahiM subhaga syAma benI kI, sobhA kahA~ bicaari| manau rahyau panaga pIvana kauM sasi mukha sudhA nihaarii|| subhaga sudesa sIra sedra kauM dekhi rahI pcihaarii| mAnau aruna kirana dinakara kI, pasarI timira biddaarii||(pd saM0 2732)

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(kha) hari kara rAjata maakhn-rottii| manu vArija sasi baira jarani, jiya, gayo sudhA saMsu dhauttii|| melI saji mukha-ambuja bhItara upajI upamA mottii| manu bAraha bhUdhara-saha-pahumI dharI dasana kI lottii||(pd saM0 782) isa prakAra donoM kaviyoM ne sampanna rUpa se rUpa, aMga, ceSTA Adi ke varNana meM utprekSAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| sUrasAgara meM aneka utprekSaNa sAdhana dikhAI dete haiM, jo kavi kI maulika udbhAvanA para AdhArita haiN| uparyukta udAharaNoM meM jinasena ne mukha ko khile-kamala tathA pUrNa-candra kI utprekSA pradAna kI hai jabaki sUra ne zrI kRSNa ke veNI kI nAga se evaM unakI kularI (TopI) kI bAdala ke Upara indradhanuSa se utprekSA dI hai| yahA~ jinasena kI apekSA sUradAsa kI kalpanA ati sUkSma evaM UhAtmaka banI hai kintu jinasena kI kalpanA bhI nyUna nahIM hai| itanA hone para bhI sUra kI vaha paurANika utprekSA advitIya hai jisameM mAkhana-roTI Arogate kRSNa ko DAr3ha para pRthvI dhAraNa kie hue bhagavAn varAha se utprekSita kiyA gayA hai| (5) atizayokti : kisI vastu kA bar3hA-car3hAkara varNana kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ atizayokti alaMkAra hotA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM nirUpita atizayokti ke kucha udAharaNa dekhiye(ka) vilambitasahasrArkayugapatyatanodayaiH, namatAnnanditAlokanAmonnAmaiH pade pde|| surANAM bhUtala sprshimkuttairbhukottibhiH| bhUH puraH sopahAreva shobhto'mbujkottibhiH||(59/24-25) (kha) surebhavadanatrike dazaguNe dvayozcASTa te radAH pratiradaM sara: sarasI padminI tatra c|. bhavanti mukhasaMkhyayA sahitapadmapatrANyapi prazastarasabhAvitA prtidlNntttypsraaH|| (38/43) ina zlokoM meM jinasenAcArya kI atizayokti dekhate hI banatI hai| prathama zloka meM unhoMne karor3oM mukuToM kA prakAza, hajAroM sUryoM ke samAna batalAyA hai| jabaki dvitIya zloka meM airAvata hAthI kA varNana hai ki usake battIsa mukha the va pratyeka mukha meM AThaATha dA~ta the| pratyeka dA~ta para eka-eka sarovara evaM pratyeka sarovara meM eka-eka kamalinI thii| eka-eka kamalinI meM battIsa-battIsa patra the tathA pratyeka patra para uttama-rasa se bharI huI eka-eka apsarA nRtya kara rahI thii| sUrasAgara meM bhI atizayokti-alaMkAra pracuratA ke sAtha prayukta huA hai| eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai

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(ka) muralI sunata acala cle| thake cara jala jharata pAhana vikala pRccha phlai|| * paya sravana godhanani thana hai prema pulakita gaat| jhure druma aMkurita pallava viTapa caMcala paat||(pd saM0 1686) (6) anyokti alaMkAra : jahA~ upameya kA varNana karane ke lie upamAna kA hI varNana kiyA jAtA hai parantu lakSya upameya kA hI hotA hai vahA~ anyokti alaMkAra hotA hai| donoM granthoM kA eka-eka udAharaNa dekhiyeharivaMzapurANa : alaMkariSyatyakalaMkadhIH kulaM jagattrayaM cAtra jgdgururgunnaiH| gavAM kulaM vA vRSabho vRSekSaNAvRSekSaNaH skandhadhRtiH sutstk|| mahAvalepAnakhilAnanekapAn kariSyate siNhvdujjhitonmdaan|(37/28-29) jinasenAcArya ke isa varNana meM "hAthI" aneka jIvoM kI rakSA tathA jagata ke icchAnurUpa adhipatya kA paricAyaka hai| isI prakAra baila nirmala buddhi, ujjvala netra tathA unnata kaMdhoM kA bodhaka mAnA gayA hai| sUrasAgara :- . adbhUta eka anUpama baag| jugala kamala para gaja bara krIr3ita tApara siMha karata anuraag|| harivara saravara saravara girivara phUle kaMja praag| chaMjana, dhanuSa candramA upara tA upara ika manidhara naag||(pd saM0 2728) isa pada meM "bAga" kA varNana kiyA gayA hai ki kamala pallava khila rahe haiN| gaja, siMha Adi pazu tathA kapota pika khaMjana Adi pakSI vihAra kara rahe haiM parantu yaha bAga svayaM "rAdhikA" kA paricAyaka hai| kamala yugala rAdhikA ke paira gaja nitamba, siMha kaTi kA dyotaka hai| isa prakAra rAdhA ke aMga pratyaMga saundarya varNana meM yahA~ kamalAdika upamAnoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| . donoM kRtiyoM ke aneka sthaloM para anyokti ke aise aneka uddharaNa milate haiM jo aprastuta vidhAna meM prastuta kiye gaye haiN| taulanIya dRSTikoNa se sUrasAgara kI apekSA harivaMzapurANa meM yaha alaMkAra savizeSa prayukta huA hai|

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saMdeha : kisI eka vastu ko dekhakara usake sambandha meM jahA~ saMdeha banA rahatA hai ki vaha kaunasI vastu hai, vahA~ sandeha alaMkAra hotA hai| donoM kaviyoM ne isa alaMkAra kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| eka-eka udAharaNa draSTavya haiharivaMzapurANa : bahutridazapaGktibhiH pramadapUritAbhirnabhaH sphuranmaNigaNojjvalatkalazapANibhiH srvtH| .. sumerugiripaJcamAmbunidhimadhyamadhyAsitaM rarAja bahurajjubhistadiva nIyamAnaM tdaa||(3849) sUrasAgara : gopi taji lAja saMga syAma-raMga bhuulii| pUrana mukha caMda dekhi, naina koI phuulii|| kai dhauM nava jalada svAti cAtaka mana laae| kidhauM bAri bUMda sIpa hRdaya haraSa paae||(pd saM0 1290) .. harivaMzapurANa kI apekSA sUrasAgara meM sandeha alaMkAra kA atyadhika saphala prayoga huA hai| mahAkavi sUra ne ise bar3e hI svAbhAvika DhaMga se prayukta kiyA hai jo prabhAvotpAdakatA ke sAtha bhAva-niSpatti meM sahAyaka hai| (8) ananvaya alaMkAra : isa alaMkAra meM anya upamAna kA sambandha nahIM hotA varan upameya hI upamAna hotA hai| upamA-alaMkAra kI bhA~ti isa alaMkAra kA bhI donoM kaviyoM ne bhAva-vyaMjanA meM prayoga kiyA hai| yathAharivaMzapurANa : anekarathacakracUrNi vijigISutejoharaM nirIkSya zizupAlaghAti caritaM hreraahve| vapuH svamupasaMharan karasahasratIkSNo'pyaraM gato'stagirivaraM grhnnshNkyevaaNshumaan||(42/98) sUrasAgara : nakha-sikha zobhA mope varanI nahi jaai| tuma so tuma hI rAdhA syAmahi~ mana maai||(pd saM0 3446) pratIpa alaMkAra :

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pratIpa kA artha hai-viparIta yA prtikuul| isa alaMkAra meM upameya se upamAna kI hInatA dikhAI jAtI hai| donoM kAvya-granthoM kA eka-eka udAharaNa dekhiyeharivaMzapurANa : paannipaadmukhaambhojjNghorujghnshriyaa| romraajibhujaanaabhikucodrtnutvissaa|| bhruukrnnaakssishirHknntthghonnaadhrputtaabhyaa| abhibhUyopamAH sarvAH sthitAM jagati tAM praam||(42/37-38) sUrasAgara : dekhirI hari ke caMcala taare| kamala mIna kauM kaha etI chabi khaMjana dUna jAta anuhaare|| vaha lAkhi nimiSa navata muralIpara kara mukha naina bhae ika caare|| (pada saM0 2415) pratIpa alaMkAra kI prastuti meM bhI sUra jinasenAcArya se jyAdA svAbhAvika laga rahe haiN| jinasenAcArya ke uparyukta zlokaM meM rukmiNI kA adbhuta rUpa-saundarya varNita kiyA hai jisameM saMsAra kI samasta upamAoM ko tiraskRta batAyA gayA hai, jabaki sUra ke isa pada meM zrI kRSNa ke naina-kamala, mIna-nayana se jyAdA sundara batAye gaye haiN| uparyukta alaMkAroM ke atirikta bhI donoM granthoM meM tadguNa bhrA~timAna, svabhAvokti, aprastuta prazaMsA, mAnavIyakaraNa, dRSTAMta, virodhAbhAsa tathA vyAjokti ityAdi alaMkAra pracura mAtrA meM milate haiN| alaMkAravidhAna kA uparyukta vivecana to mAtra ina kRtiyoM meM nirUpita katipaya alaMkAroM ke dRSTAntoM taka hI sImita hai| donoM kaviyoM kI alaMkAra-yojanA vizAla evaM samRddha rahI hai| kahIM-kahIM para inakA prayoga camatkAra pradarzana lie parilakSita hotA hai parantu adhikAMzataH inake prayoga sahaja bhAvoM ko utkarSa karane vAle haiN| mahAkavi sUra evaM jinasenAcArya donoM alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM jAgarUka rahe haiN| tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAya to donoM hI granthoM kA alaMkAra saundarya darzanIya hai kintu granthoM kI pRthak bhASA tathA kAvya paddhati meM kucha bheda hone ke kAraNa alaMkAra-yojanA meM bhI paryApta antara hai| harivaMzapurANa ne apane grantha ko saMskRta sAhitya kA eka praur3ha evaM AkarSaka grantha banAne ke lie lAlAyita hokara jahA~ alaMkAroM ke vistRta udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, vahA~ sUrasAgara ke loka prasiddha kavi sUra ne braja bhASA ke isa grantha meM alaMkAroM kA atyadhika svAbhAvika prayoga kara vizeSakhyAti prApta kI hai| sUra ke alaMkAra jinasenAcArya kI apekSA bhAvoM kI preSaNIyatA ko

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sazakta banAne meM vizeSa siddha hue haiN| kisI kavi ko adharottaratA siddha nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki donoM kI kAvya bhASA, kAvya praNAlI, kAvya paristhitiyA~ tathA manovRtti pRthak-pRthak rahI hai, jisase alaMkAra-yojanA meM kahIM praur3hatA to kahIM saralatA kA Azraya liyA jA sakatA hai| varNana-kauzala :___ "lokottrvrnnnaanipunnkvikrm.......|" kAvya ke lie varNana Avazyaka hai| varNanoM meM kavi kI nipuNatA kA jJAna hotA hai jo lokazAstra evaM kAvyAdi se prApta hotI hai| kAvya meM vizeSataH varNanAtmaka mahAkAvya meM varNanoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yahA~ hama harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara meM varNanoM kI svAbhAvikatA rasamayatA evaM manohAritA para vicAra kreNge| harivaMzapurANa ko Adi se lekara aMta taka dekhane para varNanoM kA prAcurya spaSTa hI dRSTigocara ho jAtA hai| jinasenAcArya ke varNanoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mAno unake hRdaya meM se varNanoM kA nirjhara baha rahA hai| harivaMzapurANa eka vizAlakAya kAvya hai tathA sUrasAgara eka gItikAvya; ataH donoM granthoM ke varNana kauzala meM paryApta antara rahA hai| donoM hI kaviyoM ne apanI-apanI kRtiyoM meM vividha prakAra ke manohArI varNana kiye haiM parantu una sabakA pRthak-pRthak varNana karanA sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa sambhava nahIM hai| harivaMzapurANa ke kucha viziSTa varNana :- ' harivaMzapurANa ke vividha varNanoM meM kucha to bahuta hI cittAkarSaka hai| yahA~ hama katipaya varNanoM se AcArya jinasena ke varNana kauzala kA paricaya prApta kreNge| varNanoM kI kasauTI ke lie hama nimnAMkita zIrSakoM meM vibhakta varNanoM ko leMge(ka) nagara-varNana (kha) Rtu-varNana (ga) saundarya-varNana (gha) yuddha-varNana harivaMzapurANa meM nagara-nagariyoM ke aneka sundara citra upalabdha hote haiM jisakA ullekha pUrva meM hI kara diyA hai| yahA~ kevala "dvArikA" nagarI kA zobhA-varNana udAharaNArtha prastuta hai vaapiipusskrinniidiirghdiirghikaasrsiihRdaiH| padmotpalAdisaMchannarakSayA svaaduvaaribhiH|| bhaasvtklpltaaruuddhklpvRkssopshobhitaiH| nAgavallIlavaMgAdipUgAdInAM ca sdvnaiH|| prAsAdAH saMgatAstasyAM hempraakaargopuraaH| sarvatra sukhadA rejurvicitrmnnikuttttimaaH||(41/21-23) arthAt vaha nagarI bAraha yojana lambI, nau yojana caur3I vajramaya koTa ke gherA se -

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evaM samudrarUpI parikhA se ghirI huI thii| ratna evaM svarNa se nirmita aneka khaNDoM ke bar3ebar3e mahala meM AkAza ko rokatI huI vaha dvArikApurI AkAza se cyuta alakApurI ke samAna suzobhita ho rahI thii| kamala tathA nIlotpaloM Adi se AcchAdita svAdiSTa jala se yukta vApI, puSkariNI bar3I-bar3I vApikAe~, sarovara aura hradoM se yukta thii| dedIpyamAna kalpalatAoM se AliMgita kalpavRkSoM ke samAna suzobhita pAna-lauMga tathA supArI Adi ke uttamottama vanoM se sahita thii| vahA~ suvarNamaya prAkAra aura gopuroM se yukta bar3e-bar3e mahala vidyamAna the tathA sabhI sthAnoM para sukha dene vAle raMga-biraMge maNimaya pharza zobhAyamAna the| - "Rtu-varNana" kI dRSTi se harivaMzapurANa ke eka vasanta-varNana tathA zarad-varNana ko liyA jA sakatA haivasanta-varNana : madhulihAM madhupAnajuSAM kulaiH kuravakA vakulAH subhagAH kRtaaH| dvipadaSaTpadabhedavatAM ravaiH zrayati vAzrayaM AzrayiNo gunnaan|| karikaTeSvayugacchadagandhiSu sthitimapAsya madabhramarAH shritaaH| sasahakArasuradrumamaJjarIrabhinavAsu ratirmahatI bhvet||(55/37-38) arthAt - anantara eka samaya vasantaRtu ke Agamana para samasta vana-upavana phUla rahe the| vAsantI phUloM kI parAga se sugandhita zrama ko dUra karane vAlI ThaNDI dakSiNa kI vAyu saba dizAoM meM baha rahI thii| AmralatAoM ke rasa kA AsvAdana karane vAlI sundara kaNTha se manuSyoM kA mana-haraNa karane meM atyanta dakSa aura kAma ko uttejita karane meM nipuNa madhurabhASiNI kokilAe~ usa parvata para cAroM ora kuhU-kuhU kara rahI thii| madhupAna karane meM lIna bhramaroM ke samUha se kuravaka aura maulizrI ke vRkSa tathA dvipada atyanta manohArI ho gaye the| phUloM ke bhAra ko dhAraNa karane vAle vRkSa atyanta namrIbhUta ho gaye the| phUla cunate samaya vRkSoM kI U~cI zAkhAoM ko striyA~ kisI taraha apane hAtha se pakar3akara nIce kI ora khIMca rahI thI, usase ve nAyaka ke samAna strI dvArA keza khIMcane ke sukha kA anubhava kara rahe the| zarad-Rtu : antardadhe dhavala gokulaghoSaghoSairmeghAvalI laghunidhUtaraveva dhuumraa| meghAvarodhaparimuktadizAsu sUryaH pAdaprasAraNa sukhaM shritvaaNshcirenn|| rodhonitambagaladamabuvicitravastrAH saavrttnaabhisubhgaashclmiinnetraaH| phenAvalIvalayavIcivilAsavAhAH krIDAsu jabarabalAsarito'sya cittm|| ... arthAt - athAnantara kisI samaya zarad-Rtu AyI, so vaha aisI jAna par3atI -

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thI mAno varSA rUpI strI ke cale jAne para eka dUsarI apanI hI strI AyI ho arthAt vaha zarad Rtu kisI strI ke samAna jAna par3atI thii| kyoMki jisa prakAra strI kamala ke samAna sukha se yukta hotI hai, usI prakAra vaha zarad Rtu bhI kamala rUpI mukha se sahita thI, jisa prakAra strI lAla-lAla adharoSTha se yukta hotI hai, usI prakAra vaha zarad-Rtu bhI bandhUka ke lAla-lAla phUla rUpI adharoSTha se yukta thii| jisa prakAra strI hAtha meM cAmara lie rahatI hai, usI prakAra vaha zarad-Rtu bhI kAza ke phUla rUpI svaccha cAmara liye thI aura jisa prakAra strI ujjvala vastroM se yukta hotI hai, usI prakAra vaha zarad bhI ujjvala megha rUpI vastroM se yukta thii| zarad-Rtu rUpI strI ke taTa rUpI nitamba se jalarUpI citra-vicitra vastra nIce khisaka gaye the, jo bha~vararUpI nAbhi se sundara thI, mInarUpI caMcala netroM se yukta thI aura phenAvalIrUpI cUr3iyoM se yukta taraMgarUpI caMcala bhujAoM se sahita thI, aisI nadIrUpI striyA~ krIr3AoM ke samaya inaTaH, hRdaya harane lgii| ___ saundarya varNana meM harivaMzapurANa meM aneka saundaryoM kA varNana huA hai| strI-saundarya varNana meM to kavi ne bahujJatA prApta kI hai| yahA~ hama zrI kRSNa kI choTI bahina kA nakhazikha saundarya varNana udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kara rahe haiM atha madhusUdanAvarajayA varayA jagatAmavitathakanyayA shshivishuddhyshodhryaa| prathitasudurmaprathamayauvanabhUribharaH prakaTamabhAri haarigunnbhuussnnbhuussityaa|| nkhmnnimnnddlendullitaaNgulipllvyorkRtkrkttaahsitbhaasvdlktkyoH| mRdupadmayoH prapadabhAgasamonnatayorjagati yadIyayorupamayApagataM trpyaa|| dRDhaguNagUDhagulphanijajAnumanoharayoH prtipdmaanupuurvyprivRttvilomshyoH| . nirupamajaMghayorjaghanabhUribharakSamayoH savirasamallayorna hi ydiiykyorupm|| arthAt - athAnantara kRSNa kI choTI bahina jagata meM uttama candramA ke samAna nirmala yaza ko dhAraNa karane vAlI evaM manohara guNa rUpI AbhUSaNoM se bhUSita yazodA kI putrI ne atizaya prasiddha prathama yauvana ko dhAraNa kiyaa| jinake aMgulirUpI pallava zreSTha nakharUpI candramaNDala se suzobhita the, jinhoMne apanI svAbhAvika lalAI se dedIpyamAna mahAvara kI ha~sI kI thI, jo agra bhAga meM samAna rUpa se U~ce uThe hue the, aise usake komala caraNa-kamaloM kI upamA usa samaya lajjA se hI mAno saMsAra meM kahIM calI gaI thii| usake komala caraNa-kamala anupama the| jo atyanta majabUta evaM gUDha gAMThoM aura ghuTanoM se manohara thI, uttarottara bar3hatI huI golAI se suzobhita evaM romarahita thI, nitamboM kA bahuta bhArI bhAra dhAraNa karane meM samartha thI aura jo paraspara ke pratispardhI malla ke samAna jAna par3atI thI, aisI usakI anupama jaMghAoM kI usa samaya kahIM upamA nahIM rhii| usake donoM urU atyanta komala, gola aura zubhra the, jo hAthI kI sUMDa.aura gola kadalI

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kI sukumAratA ko ullaMghana kara vidyamAna the| kalahaMsa ke samAna sundara cAla se suzobhita usa kanyA kI sthUla jaghanasthalI aneka rasoM se paripUrNa varNa vAle kulAcaloM se utpanna striyoM ke lie harSa utpanna karane vAlI puNyarUpI, nadI kI usa pulina bhUmi-taTa bhUmi ke samAna suzobhita hone lagI, jo kAma kI abhUmi-agocara tathA nitambarUpI sundara taToM se yukta thii| zirISa ke phUla ke samAna komala aura uttama kaMdhoM yukta komala zaMkha ke samAna kaMTha, ThuDDI, adharoSTharUpI bimbaphala, prakRSTa hAsya yukta zveta kapola kuTila bhauMhe, lalATa taTa evaM kAle tathA vizAla netroM se sahita vaha candramukhI kanyA atyadhika suzobhita ho rahI thii| . uparyukta vivecanAnusAra harivaMzapurANa meM yuddha varNana, sthala varNana, Rtu varNana, saundarya varNana, zrRMgAra varNana tathA yuddha varNana ityAdi ke bar3e hI sajIva, manorama tathA AkarSaka citra milate haiN| varNana-kauzala kI dRSTi se jinasenAcArya ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| (kha) sUrasAgara kA varNana kauzala : "saundaryopAsanA" mAnava-mana kI svAbhAvika pravRtti + hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki anAdi kAla se usakI yaha upAsanA anavarata gati se calA A rahI hai| kAvya jagata meM mAnava ke samasta kArya-vyApAroM meM cAhe ve Antarika ho yA bAhya saundarya kI pratiSThA karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM ki sUra kI kAvya-pratibhA asIma hai| jisa viSaya ko inhoMne apanA pratipAdya banAyA, use unhoMne atyanta hI praur3hatA pradAna kI hai| vaise unhoMne sImita saundarya ko hI apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai jisameM zrI kRSNa va rAdhA kA zArIrika saundarya pramukha hai| isa varNana meM kRSNa kI prAyaH samasta lIlAoM kI raMgasthalI prakRti bhI manorama rUpa se citrita huI hai| prakRti saundarya varNana meM sUra ne na kevala ramya citra hI prastuta kiye haiM varan kavi kI bhAvAnubhUti ko bhI adhika sampreSaNIya banAyA hai| prabhAta, rAtri, sandhyA, vRndAvana, gokula, yamunA, varSA Rtu, vasanta Rtu ke citraNa bhI atyanta sajIva ho gaye haiN| - sUra ke varNana kauzala se hindI sAhitya ke sahRdaya pAThaka paricita haiN| aneka anusaMdhAnakartAoM ne isa viSaya para gahana evaM vizada carcA kI hai| parantu una sabakA varNana karanA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| ... sUrasAgara ke varNana bar3e hI vilakSaNa evaM manabhAvana haiN| varNana-kauzala meM sUra atyanta sajaga evaM bhAva-pravaNa hai| inake varNanoM meM pAramparika upamAnoM kA prayoga hone ke uparAnta bhI kavi kI vilakSaNa pratibhA evaM sazakta kalpanA zakti spaSTatayA parilakSita hotI hai| sUra ke kucha varNana udAharaNArtha draSTavya haiM

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zrI kRSNa kA bAla saundarya : baranau bAla-veSa muraari| cakita jita-tita amaramuni gana naMdalAla nihaarii| . kesa sira bina bacana ke cahu~ disA chiTake jhaari| sIra para dhari jaTA manu sisa-rUpa kiyo tripuraari|| sadana raja tana syAma sobhita subhaga ihiM anuhaari| manahuM aMga bibhUti rAjita saMbhu so mdhuhaari||(pd saM0 787) rAdhA kA yauvana-saundarya : caMpaka kanaka kalevara kI duti, sasina badana smtaari| khaMjarITa mRga mIna kI gurutA, nainani sabai nivaarii|| mRga nRpa khIna subhaga kaTi rAjita jaMdha jugala raMbhA rii| aruna rucira ju biDAla rasa sama carana talI llitaari||(pd saM0 1815) prakRti saundarya-varSA Rtu varNana : sItala bUMda pavana puurvaaii| jahA~ tahA~ tai umar3i ghumaDi ghana kArI ghaTA cahUM disi dhaaii|| bhIjata dekhI rAdhA mAdhava lai kArI kAmarI uddh'aaii| ati jala bhIjiM cIrakara Tapakata ora sabe Tapakata ambraaii||... (pada saM0 2608) anta meM sUra ke varNana kauzala ke bAre meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kavi ne mAnavIya saundarya evaM prAkRtika saundarya ke jo vividha citra prastuta kiye haiM, ve unake kAvya pratibhA ke jvalanta udAharaNa haiN| sUrasAgara kA varNya-viSaya sImita rahA hai ataH isameM prabandha kAvya jaise vividha varNanoM kA samAveza nahIM ho sktaa| parantu sUra ne jisakA bhI varNana kiyA hai, use ati mohaka evaM bhAvoddIpaka svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| niSkarSa :____ harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara meM jo vividha varNana dRSTigocara hote haiM, ve kRtikAroM kI saMvedanazIlatA, adbhuta-kalpanA, kuzalatA, bhAva-sampannatA, saundaryapriyatA evaM prakRti prekSaNatA ke paricAyaka haiN| AcArya jinasena ke pAsa prabandha mahAkAvya ke citraNa kI vistRta bhAva-bhUmi hone ke kAraNa unake varNana vizadatA ko prApta kara gaye haiM jabaki sUrasAgara meM varNanoM kI vizAlatA ke lie paryApta sthAna nahIM thaa| parantu sUra ne jisa kSetra meM jhA~kA hai tathA usakA citraNa kiyA hai, vaha gahanatA evaM mArmikatA ko prApta kara gayA hai| yuddha varNanoM meM sUra kA mana nahIM ramA hai jabaki jinasenAcArya 2980 - -

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ne isake sajIva citra prastuta kiye haiN| purANakAra ne astra-zastroM ke nAma, vIroM ke nAma vyUha-racanA ityAdi kA bhI varNana kara yuddhoM kA romAMcakArI nirUpaNa upasthita kiyA hai| sUrasAgara ke varNana hameM AlaMkArika hote hue bhI svAbhAvika sahaja va sarasa jAna par3ate haiM jabaki harivaMzapurANa meM bimbotpAdaka varNanoM kI adhikatA hone ke kAraNa ve AlaMkArika pratIta hote haiN| saMkSepa meM harivaMzapurANa ke varNana eka hI vastu ko bArambAra abhinava vyAkhyA prastuta karane vAle AlaMkArika evaM svacchanda haiM vahA~ sUrasAgara ke varNana svAbhAvika, sAMketika vyaMjanApUrNa, sarala citramaya evaM udAtta haiN| harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara kA kAvyarUpa : prabandhAtmakatA ke AdhAra para kAvya ke do rUpa hote haiM-prabandha kAvya evaM muktaka kaavy| prabandha kAvya meM kisI kathA kA bandha hotA hai tathA muktaka kAvya meM yaha bandha nahIM hotA, isalie unake padoM meM pUrvApara-sambandha kI nirapekSatA rahatI hai| prabandha kAvya ke do bheda hote haiM mahAkAvya evaM khnnddkaavy| yahA~ hama donoM Alocya kRtiyoM ke kAvyarUpa ko kAvya-zAstrIya mApadaNDoM ke anusAra dekheNge| harivaMzapurANa :. jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa prabandhAtmaka svarUpAnusAra paurANika mahAkAvya hai| hindI sAhitya-koza meM mahAkAvya ke nimna zailiyoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai-.. (1) zAstrIya (2) romAMsika (3) aitihAsika (4) paurANika (5) rUpaka kathAtmaka (6) nATakIya (7) pragItAtmaka (8) manovaijJAnika yA mnovishlessnnaatmk| .. jisa prakAra mahAkAvya paurANika zailI meM hote haiM, usI prakAra caritakAvya bhI paurANika zailI meM pAye jAte haiN| - saMskRta meM paurANika kAvyoM kI paramparA vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se mAnI jAtI hai| zrImad bhAgavatapurANa bhI paurANika mahAkAvya hai| brAhmaNa sAhitya kI apekSA jaina sAhitya meM paurANika kAvyoM kI racanA adhika huI hai| apabhraMza, prAkRta tathA saMskRta Adi bhASAoM meM ina kAvyoM kI bAr3ha sI A gaI hai| ... saMskRta paurANika kAvyoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ nimna prakAra se hai(1) saMskRta paurANika kAvyoM meM dhArmikatA aura kAvyAtmakatA kA sAmaMjasya hotA hai| eka ora to unameM dharma pracAra kI bhAvanA gUr3ha rahatI hai tathA dUsarI ora U~cI U~cI kAvya pratibhA ke pradarzana kii| (2) ina kAvyoM kA prArambha prAyaH vaktA zrotA ke vArtAlApa se hotA hai| (3) ina kAvyoM kA pradhAna rasa zAnta hotA hai tathA aMga rUpa vIra zRMgAra rasa bhI sarvAdhika

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prayukta hote haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki yuddha evaM vilAsa ke bAda meM pAtroM ke vairAgya kA varNana hotA hai| isake alAvA bhI rasoM kI sundara abhivyakti samAhita hotI hai| (4) paurANika kAvyoM meM AdhikArika kathana ke atirikta prAsaMgika kathAe~ bhI paryApta rUpa se nibaddha hotI hai| AdhikArika kathA meM kisI avatAra yA tIrthaMkara kA caritra nirUpita hotA hai| prAsaMgika kathAoM ko upAkhyAna kahA jAtA hai| (5) ina kAvyoM meM alaukika, atiprAkRta tathA atimAnavIya zaktiyoM, kAryoM tathA vastuoM kA samAveza rahatA hai| (6) ina kAvyoM meM apane dharma kI abhidhA aura vyaMjanA se prazaMsA evaM para dharma kI gardA hotI hai ataH upadezAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA bAhulya hotA hai| (7) ina kAvyoM meM prAyaH anuSTap chanda kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| (8) kathA saMcAlana ke lie "atha" tathA "tataH" padoM kI bharamAra rahatI hai| (9) kathA-kathana ke pUrva anukramaNikA dI jAtI hai| (10) kAvya ke mAhAtmya kathana tathA apane dharmakathana ke prati zrotA ko baddhaparikara karane kI pravRtti kA isameM spaSTa parilakSaNa hotA hai| (11) sRSTi ke vikAsa-vinAza, vaMzotpatti tathA vaMzAvaliyoM kA varNana rahatA hai| .. (12) aneka stutiyoM kI yojanA rahatI hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke anusAra bhI mahAkAvya vizAlakAya varNanapradhAna kAvya hotA hai| isakA nAyaka yuddhapriya evaM anya pAtra zauryaguNa vAle hote haiN| isameM kevala vyakti kA hI nahIM varan sampUrNa jAti ke kriyA-kalApoM kA bhI varNana hotA hai| mahAkAvya ke pAtroM kA samparka devatAoM se rahatA hai ataH jaba-jaba bhI unake kAryoM kI dizAe~ nirdhArita hotI haiM una sabameM devatAoM athavA bhAgya kA hAtha avazya rahatA hai| isake alAvA mahAkAvya kA viSaya paramparA se pratiSThita evaM lokapriya hotA hai aura sampUrNa kathA-sUtra nAyaka se ba~dhA rahatA hai| isakI zailI uccatA ko lie hue viziSTa zAlIna hotI hai tathA eka hI chanda kA prayoga Adi se anta taka pramukha rUpa se hotA hai| ___ isake alAvA kozakAroM ne purANa-kAvya ke pA~ca lakSaNa svIkAra kiye haiM jisameM sRSTi, pralaya, vaMza, manvantara aura vaMzoM kI paramparA varNana kA samAveza hotA hai| AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ne purANoM ke dasa lakSaNoM kA vivecana kiyA hai jo isa prakAra se hai(1) sarga (2) visarga (3) vRtti (4) rakSA (5) antara (6) vaMza (7) vaMzAnucarita (8) saMsthA (9) hetu tathA (10) abhiprAya / isameM visarga, vRtti, rakSA, hetu tathA abhiprAya ko hI pA~ca lakSaNoM ke sAtha viziSTa mahattva diyA gayA hai| -200 - -

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uparyukta samasta lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para jinasenAcArya kI kRti harivaMzapurANa para paurANika mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa pUrNatayA ghaTita hote haiN| kAvya kA mukhya rasa zAnta hai| kAvya kA kathAnaka Agama granthoM se liyA gayA hai| yaha kathAnaka zrI kRSNa ke jIvana se sambandhita hai, jo 66 sargoM meM nirUpita hai| kavi ne pratyeka sarga kI samAnatA kA prayAsa rakhA hai| apavAda ke rUpa meM mAtra pA~cavA tathA sAThavA sarga kucha bar3e ho gaye haiN| eka sarga meM pramukha rUpa se eka chanda hai tathA sargAnta meM lakSaNAnusAra chanda kA parivartana kara diyA hai| kAvya ke adhikAMza bhAga meM varNana lambe ho gaye haiM, isase vAstavika ghaTanA mandagati se calatI hai| kAvya meM Arambha se lekara aMta taka kathA apane uddezya ko saMbhAle hue hai| harivaMzapurANa ke kRSNa caritra varNana meM kavi ne kahIM-kahIM para kalpanA kI U~cI ur3Ane bharI haiM tathA sAtha meM apane mana ke bhAvoM ko bhI AtmasAt kiyA hai| mahAkAvya ati saMkSipta nahIM honA cAhie kyoMki mahAkAvya eka vizAlakAya varNana pradhAna kAvya kahA gayA hai| isa tattva ke AdhAra para bhI harivaMzapurANa eka saphala vizAlakAya mahAkAvya siddha hotA hai jisameM sargavAra kathA dI gaI hai| purANakAvya ke lakSaNAnusAra isa grantha meM dhArmikatA ke sAtha kAvyatva kA bhI sundara sAmaMjasya dikhAI detA hai| isameM jaina dharma ke dArzanika tattvoM ke vivecana ke sAtha utkRSTa kAvyarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| mukhya rasa "zAnta" hone ke uparAnta kavi ne yuddha-varNanoM meM vIrarasa tathA saundarya evaM keli-varNanoM meM zrRMgAra rasa kA sundara samAveza kiyA hai| anya rasoM ke nirUpaNa meM bhI yaha kRti pUrNatayA saphala rahI hai| - harivaMzapurANa kI AdhikArika kathA kRSNa va ariSTanemi kA carita rahI hai, parantu isake sAtha hI aneka prAsaMgika kathAoM kA bhI kavi ne sundara samAyojana kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM to inakA itanA gumphana ho gayA hai ki mAnoM mUlakathA ko pakar3anA bhI kaThina pratIta hotA hai| purANakAra ne isameM zrI kRSNa va ariSTanemi kI alaukika, amAnavIya zaktiyoM ko ujAgara karane kA bhI saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| purANa meM aneka sarga upadezAtmaka kathya se bhare par3e haiM jo atyadhika gahanatA ke sAtha varNita hai| purANa kAvya ke lakSaNAnusAra jinasenAcArya ne isa kRti meM anuSTap chanda ko pradhAnatA pradAna kI hai| vaise anya chanda bhI yatra-tatra prayukta hue haiM parantu mukhya chanda anuSTup hI hai| itanA hI nahIM, sRSTi kI utpatti, vinAza tathA vaMzotpatti kA bhI kavi ne isameM sundara citraNa kiyA hai| kRti ke prathama cAra sargoM meM sRSTi kI utpatti, vikAsa, vinAza kA vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai| isake alAvA harivaMza, kuruvaMza tathA jarAsaMdha ke vaMza kA bhI kavi ne vizada varNana kiyA hai| - ... harivaMzapurANa meM aneka stutiyoM kI yojanA kA bhI saphala citraNa huA hai| aneka sthaloM para jinendra ariSTanemi kI stuti kA varNana kavi ne manoyoga se kiyA hai| dhArmikatA =301

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kI dRSTikoNa se dekheM to purANa ke bhI pAtra jaina dharma se pUrNatayA prabhAvita jAna par3ate haiM jo vividha jaina muniyoM ke pravacana se vairAgya-dIkSA grahaNa karate haiN| isa prakAra DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya dvArA batalAye gaye purANa ke dasa lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para evaM bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya sAhityacAryoM ke paurANika mahAkAvya kI vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para harivaMzapurANa eka saphala paurANika mahAkAvya hai| sUrasAgara : sUrasAgara ke kAvya rUpa para vicAra kiyA jAya to isake viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai kyoMki isameM prabandhAtmaka tattva bhI milate haiM to dUsarI ora muktakAtmaka tattva bhii| ataH isakA kAvya rUpa nirUpita karane ke lie donoM tattvoM ke AdhAra para isakA vivecana karanA Avazyaka hai| prabandhAtmaka tattva : sUrasAgara meM kRSNa carita ke vividha pakSoM kA sundara udghATana huA hai, ataH isameM prabandhAtmaka tattvoM kA AnA svAbhAvika hai| bhAratIya AcAryoM ke anusAra prabandhAtmaka kAvya meM nimna lakSaNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai(1) prabandhAtmaka kAvya kA sargabaddha honA Avazyaka hai jo prabandhatva ke guNArtha saMdhiyoM se yukta ho| (2) usakA nAyaka pAThakoM ko saMdeza dene vAlA dhIrodAtta kSatriya athavA devatA honA caahie| (3) vaha ATha sargoM se bar3A, aneka vRttoM (chandoM) se yukta honA caahie| (4) isakI kathA itihAsa prasiddha honI cAhie athavA sajjanAzrita, jisameM jIvana, jagata tathA prakRti ke vibhinna aMgoM ke citraNa kA sundara rUpa A gayA ho| (5) isameM zRMgAra, vIra, zAMta rasa meM se koI eka rasa aMgI rUpa meM honA caahie| (6) prakRti varNana ke rUpa meM isameM nagara varNana, samudra varNana, saMdhyA, prAtaHkAla, saMgrAma, yAtrA tathA RtuoM kA varNana honA caahie| (7) zailI meM kAvya-sauSThava tathA kAvya ke samasta guNoM kA vikasita rUpa honA caahie| uparyukta lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para dekhA jAya to sUrasAgara kA kathAnaka bhAgavata se liyA gayA hai| yaha kathAnaka zrI kRSNa ke jIvana kI bAla-kizora lIlAe~ haiN| sampUrNa grantha bAraha skandhoM meM vibhakta hai jisameM aneka chandoM kA saphala prayoga huA hai| isameM prakRti kA manoharI citraNa huA hai, jisameM Rtu-varNana vana, upavana nadI varNana Adi ullekhanIya hai|

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isa grantha ke nAyaka kSatriya yadukula ziromaNi zrI kRSNacandra haiN| jinameM nAyakatva ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiN| ve vinayazIla, sundara, tyAgI, kArya karane meM kuzala, priya bolane vAle, zuddha bhASaNapaTu, ucca vaMzaja, sthiracittayuvA, buddhiprada, zUra tathA tejasvI haiN| dhIrodAtta nAyaka meM jo guNa hone cAhie, ve saba guNa unameM vidyamAna haiN| sUra ke kRSNa bhagavAn hote hue bhI manuSya haiN| isa prakAra sUrasAgara ke.patikrama para bhI vicAra kiyA jAya to usameM prabandhAtmaka kI spaSTa jhalaka milatI hai| . parantu sUrasAgara ke pratipAdya sambandhI zIrSakoM kA vihaMgAvalokana karane se yaha parilakSita hotA hai ki apane padoM kI racanA karate samaya sUra ke samakSa koI suvyavasthita prabandha yojanA nahIM thii| unakA prayojana zrI kRSNa ke jIvana caritra kA pUrNa tathA vyavasthita citraNa karanA bhI nahIM thA varan unakI vividha lIlAoM kA adhikAdhika udghATana karanA thaa| isI se sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa-lIlAoM kI vividhatA hai parantu kathAnaka kI vyApakatA evaM sarvAMgINatA nahIM hai jo sAnubhava ke lie anivArya hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne prabandha kAvyarUpa kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai ki prabandha kAvya meM mAnava-jIvana kA pUrNa dRzya hotA hai| usameM ghaTanAoM kI sambandhazrRMkhalA tathA svAbhAvika krama se ThIka-ThIka nirvAha ke sAtha hadaya ko sparza karane vAle, use nAnA bhAvoM kA rasAtmaka anubhava karAne vAle prasaMgoM kA samAveza honA caahie| itivRttamAtra ke nirvAha se rasAnubhava nahIM karAyA jA sktaa| muktakAtmaka tattva : 'sUra sAhitya ke adhikAMza vidvAnoM ne sUrasAgara ko nizcita rUpa se muktaka kAvya kahA hai kyoMki isameM muktaka kAvya ke pUrvApara-nirapekSatA, mArmika prasaMgoM kA cayana, camatkAra vidhAna, arthagaurava, samAhAra zakti tathA sAlaMkAratA Adi sabhI pramukha tattvoM kA samAveza milatA hai| muktakAtmaka kAvya ke pramukha lakSaNa tathA sUrasAgara :(1) pUrvAparanirapekSatA : ... muktaka kA artha hai mukta yA chUTA huA, arthAt vaha racanA jisake chaMda pArasparika 'sambandha se mukta hokara bhI camatkAra vidhAna yA rasaniSpatti meM samartha ho| prabandhakAvya meM prabandhAtmakatA hotI hai, jisase vaha sarasa tathA grAhya banatA hai, jabaki muktaka kAvya ke sabhI chaMda pUrvApara sambandha se nirapekSa yA mukta hote haiN| sUrasAgara ke samasta padoM meM yaha vizeSatA sahaja hI mila jAtI hai| ve pUrvApara sambandha se nirapekSa hote hue bhI artha dyotakatA meM pUrNa tathA samartha hai| isase ina padoM kI rasAnubhUti sahajagamya hai| parantu sUrasAgara meM kahIM-kahIM aise pada bhI milate haiM jinameM pUrvApara se nirapekSa bhI hai tathA

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sApekSa bhii| kaI prasaMga itivRttAtmakatA ke bhI milate haiM jinameM kavi kA uddezya kathA kI abhivyakti nahIM varan kRSNa lIlAoM kI garimA meM vRddhi karanA rahA hai| (2) mArmika prasaMgoM kA cayana : muktaka kAvya meM kavi ko adhika kahane kA avakAza nahIM hotA, isIlie use jIvana kSetra ke aise prasaMgoM kA cayana karanA par3atA hai jo adhikAdhika mArmika ho| sUrasAgara meM isI guNa ke AdhAra para zrI kRSNa ke sampUrNa jIvana kA citraNa hone ke bAvajUda bhI unakA bacapana tathA yauvana sarvAdhika nirUpita hai| zrI kRSNa ke bacapana ke citroM kA kavi ne savistAra varNana kiyA hai| bAlaka kI svAbhAvika krIr3Ae~ evaM mAtRhRdaya kI mArmikatA dekhate hI banatI hai| zrI kRSNa kI kizora-lIlAe~ bhI kama mArmika nahIM hai; unameM mAkhanacorI, panaghaTalIlA, cIraharaNa lIlA, dAnalIlA ityAdi prasaMga to atyanta mArmikatA se ota-prota hai| (3) camatkAra vidhAna : kAvya meM zabdoM yA arthoM ke AdhAra para camatkAra vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, jise kramazaH zabdagata camatkAra aura arthagata camatkAra kahate haiN| sUrasAgara meM donoM prakAra ke camatkAroM kI sundara abhivyaMjanA hai| sUra ke dRSTikUTa pada to zabdagata camatkAra ke akSaya bhaNDAra haiN| unake arthagata camatkAroM meM gopiyoM kI vAgvidagdhatA prasiddha hI hai| kRvi ko donoM camatkAroM ke citraNa meM samAna saphalatA milI hai jo kavi kI sampUrNatA ko vyakta karate haiN| (4) arthagaurava : artha ke mAdhyama se arthoM kI garimA kA udghATana karanA hI kavi kA lakSya hotA hai| sUrasAgara kA artha gaurava se maMDita honA svAbhAvika hI hai kyoMki yaha eka rasasiddha kavi kI racanA hai| kavi kA sampUrNa kAvya bhAvadazAoM kA sahaja ucchalana hai| ataH unake kAvya meM sarvatra artha-gaurava dRSTigocara hotA hai| Atmanivedana, vAtsalya-varNana tathA zrRMgAra-varNana meM yaha apAra niSThA ke sAtha abhivyakta huA hai| (5) samAhAra zakti : thor3e zabdoM meM adhika bhAva bharane kI zakti ko samAhAra zakti kahate haiN| sUrasAgara kI anta:kathAoM, aprastuta yojanAoM, sAMgarUpakoM, vakroti-vidhAnoM tathA dRSTikUTa padoM meM samAhAra-zakti sabalatA ke sAtha abhivyakta huI hai| sAlaMkAratA : sAlaMkAratA kA artha kevala alaMkAroM kI samucita yojanA taka sImita na hokara sampUrNa kAvya-saundarya kA paricAyaka hai| muktaka kAvya meM sAlaMkAratA kA savizeSa mahattva hotA hai| % - D - - - -

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sUrasAgara meM yaha tattva pracuratA ke sAtha milatA hai| kavi kI alaMkAra yojanA, chandoyojanA, rasa yojanA evaM vAvidagdhatA ityAdi kA hama pUrva meM hI ullekha kara cuke haiM jisameM ve pada bhAva kI samRddhi karate evaM kalA ke kalevara ko susajjita karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| isa prakAra sUrasAgara ke kAvya rUpa kA vivecana karane para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usameM prabandhAtmakatA kI spaSTa jhalaka evaM kahIM-kahIM para padoM kI pUrvApara-sApekSatA bhI milatI hai, tathApi ise prabandha kAvya nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki isameM na to kathA kI vyApakatA hai tathA na hI krama hokara vividha lIlAoM kA hI pariNAma hai| bhAgavata ke skandhAtmaka rUpa kA anusaraNa karane ke kAraNa hameM isameM prabandhAtmaka svarUpa dikhAI detA hai| isake viparIta sUrasAgara meM puktaka kAvya ke samasta Avazyaka guNa vidyamAna haiM, unakA isameM pUrNa rUpeNa nirvAha huA hai| ataH sUrasAgara ko prabandhAtmaka muktaka kAvya mAnanA hI samucita hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise skandhAtmaka muktaka kAvya bhI kaha sakate haiN| niSkarSa : jinasenAcArya kA harivaMzapurANa paurANika mahAkAvya hai jisameM viSayavastu kA prArambha paurANika DhaMga ke AkhyAnoM ko lekara huA hai| AdhikArika kathA to bAda meM AtI hai| jabaki sUrasAgara prabandhAtmaka muktaka kAvya hai jisake nirUpaNa meM mahAkavi sUra pUrNa rUpa se saphala rahe haiN| donoM kAvya granthoM kA alaga-alaga svarUpa hai, donoM hI apane-apane kSetra meM advitIya haiN| - jahA~ taka inake kathAnaka kI gatizIlatA kA prazna hai to harivaMzapurANa kI gatizIlatA manda hai| usameM mArmika prasaMgoM kI pahacAna nahIM hai| kavi pratyeka prasaMga ke Age-pIche jaina dharma ke spaSTa yA mUka sandeza dene meM lagA rahatA hai, ataH isakI gatizIlatA zithila ho gaI hai| jabaki sUrasAgara meM mArmika prasaMgoM kI bharamAra hai, kavi vahA~ se haTanA hI nahIM caahtaa| jina prasaMgoM kA bhAva pUrNa citraNa karanA hai use jI bharake citrita karatA hai| . caritra varNanoM meM harivaMzapurANa kA mahAkAvyatva svarUpa hone ke kAraNa vaha sUrasAgara se bahuta Age hai| vaha pratyeka kSetra kA sAMgopAMga varNana detA hai| itanA hI nahIM, sUrasAgara tathA harivaMzapurANa kI kathA vastu meM sAmya bhI hai tathA vaiSamya bhii| donoM granthoM meM aneka prAsaMgika kathAe~ hai parantu harivaMza ke upAkhyAna kahIM-kahIM pAThakoM ko mukhya kathA se dUra le jAte haiM, jabaki sUrasAgara meM aisA nahIM hai| itanA hone ke bAvajUda bhI donoM kaviyoM kA kSetra, kAvya-paramparA, tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~, bhASA evaM kAvya paddhati bhinna hone ke kAraNa donoM kRtiyoM kA kAvyarUpa bhI 209 - -

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bhinna hai| ataH kisI bhI kRti ko adhamottama kahanA samucita nahIM hogaa| donoM hI kaviyoM ne apane-apane dRSTikoNa se apanI racanAoM ko viziSTa kAvyarUpa pradAna kiyA hai aura ve isameM pUrNatayA saphala rahe haiN| bhASA : bhASA bhAvAbhivyakti kA pramukha sAdhana hai| alaMkAra evaM chanda kI bhA~ti yaha bhI kAvya ke bAhya-pakSa kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| kavi kI bhASA jitanI sazakta hotI hai, vaha utanI hI sakSamatA ke sAtha bhAvoM ko abhivyakta kara sakatI hai| kAvya meM bhAva tathA bhASA kA maNi-kAMcana yoga hI usake antara-bAhya ko prakAzita karatA hai| zabda-bhaNDAra meM bhASA hI sarvottama nidhi hai| kAvya kI bhASA meM nAda-saundarya tathA abasarAnukUlatA Adi kA honA bhI paramAvazyaka hai| yahA~ hama donoM Alocya-granthoM kI bhASA para vicAra kreNge| (ka) harivaMzapurANa :____ harivaMzapurANa kI bhASA saMskRta hai jise dekhakara jinasenAcArya ke bhASAdhikAra kA sahaja hI jJAna ho jAtA hai| unakI bhASA meM bhAvAnukUlatA, samastatA, vyastatA, nAda saundarya, citrAtmakatA, gatizIlatA, AlaMkAritA, prAsaMgikatA ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mAno vANI unake vaza meM hokara unake pIche-pIche cala rahI hai| purANakAra ne bhASA ko bhAvAnukUla banAyA hai| kahIM to zloka ke pUre ke pUre pada eka hI zabda bana gaye haiM aura kahIM avasarAnukUla eka-eka pada meM kaI-kaI vAkya ho gaye haiN| AlaMkArika varNana ke samaya bhASA ratnahAra ke sadRza grathita hai to sAdhAraNa sthaloM meM muktAphaloM ke tuly| jinasenAcArya ke pAsa zabda koza atyanta hI bharA par3A hai| ve saMskRta ke prakANDa paNDita haiN| kavi ne bhASA kI zrI-vRddhi ke lie camatkAra utpanna karane hetu nUtana zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| vyAkaraNa anusAra zabdoM kA prayoga unakI nipuNatA kA paricAyaka hai| kavi kI pada-yojanA zabda zaktiyoM ke sahAre sundara sAhacarya pAkara bhAva prakAzana meM saphalatA prApta karatI hai| abhidhA, vyaMjanA tathA lakSaNA ke dvArA to unake racanA saundarya ke darzana hote haiN| kavi kA zrRMgAra varNana draSTavya hai, jahA~ eka-eka caraNa eka-eka zabda ho gaye haiN| urasi nitAntanIlanijacUcukayorasako kaThinasuvRttapIvarapayodharayorbharataH amRtarasakSayakSaraNabhIharinIlamaNisthirataramudrikotkanakakumbhavaheva bbhau||(49/7) ..

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eka nahIM, aise saikar3oM sthala haiM, jahA~ kavi ne isa prakAra kI samasta zailI kA avalambana liyA hai| prAyaH AlaMkArika zailI aura saMzliSTa varNanoM meM yahI samAsa bahula bhASA prayukta huI hai| aisI bhASA ko dekhakara daNDI, bANa tathA mahAkavi bhAsa kI sahaja hI smRti ho jAtI hai| eka ora kavi ne jahA~ aise lambe mahAvAkyoM kA moha rakhA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unhoMne choTe-choTe vAkyoM meM bhI sundara varNana kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa zizupAla yuddha ke samaya prayukta bhASA aisI hI hai hariNeva raNe raudre hariNA dmghossjH| halinA bhISmajo rAjA bhISmAkAraH purskRtH||(42/93) harivaMzapurANa ke unatAlIsaveM sarga meM kavi ne indra dvArA neminAtha kI stuti prasaMga meM "vRtAnugandhigadyam" kA bhI sundara prayoga kiyA hai| jinasenAcArya kI gadyamayI bhASA draSTavya hai "atha mathitamahAmRtAmbhodhisaMzuddhapIyUSapiNDAtipAnAtidoSAccirAjIryamANeSvivodgIryamANeSu tatkhaNDakhaMDeSu, zaGkhaSu khe khedmuktaiH|" (39 / vRttAnugandhipadyam) parantu upadezadAna ke samaya tathA vividha sUktiyoM meM kavi kI bhASA sarala evaM vivaraNAtmaka rahI hai| yathA- (ka) sati bandhuvirodhe hi na sukhaM na dhanaM nRnnaam| (11/96) (kha) AgADhe vAptyanAgADhe maraNe smupsthite| na muhyanti janA jAtu jinshaasnbhaavitaaH||(61/96) AcArya jinasena ne avasarAnukUla aise zabdoM se apanI bhASA ko sajAyA hai jo bhAvoM ke citra upasthita karane meM sakSama hai| yathA khaDgakheTakahastaM taM aaptntmriyNduH| khaDgakheTakahasto'gAdrathAduttIrya sNmukhH|| prhaarvnycnaadaanlaaghvaatishyaatmnoH| asiyuddhamabhUdghoraM senaaptyosttstyoH|| vArSNeyakhaDgaghAtena pradattena bhuje ripuH| chinnabAhudvayoraskaH papAta vsudhaatle||(51/39-41) ina padyoM ko par3hate hI isake artha ko samajhe binA hI pratIta ho rahA hai ki kahIM yuddha kA citra hai| talavAreM baja rahI hai, eka-dUsare para bhayaMkara prahAra ho rahe haiM bhujAe~ kaTa rahI haiN| isI prakAra kI citrAtmaka bhASA Rtu varNana, saundarya varNana tathA nAriyoM ke bhAvAlApa varNana meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| harivaMzapurANa kI bhASA meM nAda saundarya bhI dikhAI detA hai, jise par3hate hI pAThaka bhAva-vibhora ho jAtA hai| ==307=

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jinasenAcArya ne kahIM-kahIM para subanta tir3anta padoM kA bhI sundara prayoga kiyA hai| inakA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai kAmakarIndramRgendra namaste krodhamahAhivirAja nmste| mAnamahIdharavajra namaste lobhamahAvApAva nmste|| IzvaratAdharadhIra namaste viSNutayA yuta deva nmste| arhadacintyapadeza namaste brahmapadapratibandha nmste||(39/93-94) harivaMzapurANa ke dArzanika-vicAroM meM vivaraNAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga huA hai, jisameM bhASAgata saundarya nahIM hai| kahIM-kahIM bhASA meM durbodhatA bhI A gaI hai jisameM na to kAvyocita sarasatA hI hai tathA na kAvyocita bhAvamayatA evaM kalAtmakatA hii| parantu yaha kavi kI dakSatA yA pratibhA ke abhAva kA kAraNa nahIM varan unake jaina muni hone ke kAraNa dArzanika siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa meM vivazatA kA kAraNa hai| jinasenAcArya kI bhASA aneka sthaloM para samayAnusAra AlaMkArika bana gaI hai jisakA ullekha hamane pichale pRSThoM meM kara liyA hai| __uparyukta prakAra se harivaMzapurANa kI bhASA atyanta prAMjala hai| parantu jahA~ jainadharmagata pAribhASika zabdoM kI adhikatA hai jaise--anuprekSA, aNuvrata, mahAvrata, utsarpiNI, kaSAya, naya, nirjarA, saMvara, Asrava Adi, vahA~ para bhASA durbodha evaM gUr3ha ho gayI hai| sUrasAgara kI bhASA :... mahAkavi sUradAsa ne sUrasAgara meM jisa bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha vizuddha "braja" hai| sUra kA jIvana sthala bhI braja maMDala ke antargata hai ataH sUrasAgara meM kavi ne usI bhASA kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| kaI vidvAna sUra ko braja bhASA ke saMskartA mAnate haiN| jo komalakAnta padAvalI, bhAvAnukUla zabda-cayana, sArthaka alaMkAra yojanA, dhArAvAhI pravAha, saMgItAtmakatA aura sajIvatA sUra kI bhASA meM hai, use dekhakara yahI kahanA par3atA hai ki sUra ne hI sarvaprathama braja bhASA ko sAhityika rUpa diyaa| sUra kI bhASA meM sAdhAraNa lokagIta se lekara camatkAra pradhAna kUTa pada racanA taka kI vividhatA dikhAI detI hai| isI kAraNa se kaI vidvAnoM ne unheM "braja bhASA kA vAlmIki" kahA hai, jo sarvathA ucita hai| sUra kI bhASA meM apane bhAvoM ko sahajarUpa se abhivyakta karane kI adbhuta kSamatA hai| usameM pAtra evaM paristhiti ke anurUpa prayukta hone kI viziSTatA hai| kavi ziromaNi sUra ne braja bhASA ko vyApaka banAne ke liye usameM saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM ke atirikta phArasI, avadhI, paMjAbI ityAdi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| phArasI ityAdi ke zabda kavi ne tatsamarUpa meM na lekara tadbhava rUpa meM lie hai| isa prakAra bhASA ko banAne meM kavi ne mahAn yoga diyA hai| unakI bhASA meM ojapUrNa - - -

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sthaloM kI nyUnatA hai tathA mAdhurya evaM prasAda guNa kA prAdhAnya dikhAI detA hai| sUra kI komalakAnta padAvalI dekhate hI banatI hai| sUrasAgara meM lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA svAbhAvika prayoga huA hai jisakA hama Age vistRta ullekha kreNge| sUra kA kAvya bhASA meM abhidhA, lakSaNA tathA vyaMjanA-tInoM zabda-zaktiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| zrI kRSNa ke lIlA varNana meM abhidhA zakti rasAtmakatA kA saMcAra karatI pratIta hotI hai| kAvya meM citrAtmakatA evaM bimbAtmakatA kI sRSTi ke lie kavi ne lakSaNA kA Azraya liyA hai| jahA~ kavi bhAva-vibhora yA tanmaya ho jAtA hai, vahA~ vyaMjanA mukhara hotI hai| sU. gabda nayana ke prati satata jAgarUka rahe haiN| mAdhurya bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA meM AnuprAsikatA sUrasAgara kA zrRMgAra hai| sUrasAgara meM aise aneka sthala Ate haiM, jo bhAvapUrNa aura atyanta mArmika haiN| aise aneka varNanoM meM kavi kI bhAvukatA, sahRdayatA evaM vilakSaNa pratibhA ke darzana hote haiN| bhASA kA nirmANa zabdoM se hotA hai| jisa kavi kA zabda bhaNDAra jitanA vipula hogA usakI bhASA bhI utanI hI sampanna hogii| isameM tanika bhI saMdeha nahIM, ki sUradAsa kA zabda bhaNDAra atyanta samRddha hai| tatsama, tadbhava tathA videzI zabdoM ke vizada bhaNDAra ke uparAnta apanI bhASA ko samRddha banAne ke lie kavi ne svayaM aneka zabdoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isake atirikta grAmINa zabdoM kA bhI pracuratA se prayoga kiyA hai| sUrasAgara kI bhASA meM prayukta alaMkAra-yojanA, vakroti-vidhAna, bhAvamayatA evaM vAgvidagdhatA dekhate hI banatI hai| gopiyoM kI vAgvidagdhatA evaM vakratA eka pada draSTavya madhukara tuma rasa-laMpaTa log| kamalakoSa basa rahata nirantara hamahiM sikhAvata jog|| apane kAja phirata bana aMtara nimiSa nahIM akulaat|(pd saM0 4300) sUra ne apanI kRti meM aneka chandoM ke zAstrIya niyamoM kA pAlana kara bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA ko gItAtmaka banA dI hai| kavi kI bhASA atyanta hI sazakta hai, jisameM chandovidhAna bhI aise utpAdana haiM jo bhASA ke svarUpa kA utkarSa karate haiN| kavi ne bhAvAtmaka bhASA ke sAtha vivaraNAtmaka bhASA kA bhI saphala prayoga kiyA hai jo itivRttAtmaka zailI meM hai| isake alAvA sUrasAgara meM kUTAtmaka bhASA kA bhI saphala prayoga huA hai, jisameM kavi kA pANDitya-pradarzana atyanta hI camatkAra pUrNa DhaMga se abhivyakta huA hai| jisameM kavi sUra ke bhASA kI samRddhi kA tathA tajjanya gambhIra prabhAva kA varNana karate nAbhAdAsa jI ne kahA hai ki 2309

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ukti cIja anuprAsa, barana, asthiti ati bhaarii| bacana prItI nirabAha artha, adbhuta tuka dhaarii|| pratibimbita divi diSTi, hRdaya harilIlA bhaasii| janama karama guna, rUpa sarva rasanA prkaasii|| vimala buddhi guna aura kI, jo vaha guna sravana kre| sUra kavitta suni kauna kavi, jo nahiM sira-cAlana krai||(pd saM0 545) sUra kI kAvya kalA ke anusaMdhAnakartA DaoN0 madanamohana gautama ke anusAra bhASA ke samagra rUpa ko dekhate hue hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sUra kI bhASA meM braja bhASA kA praur3ha evaM ziSTa rUpa hai| prasaMgAnukUla usameM bhASA ke vividha rUpa ke darzana hote haiN| sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA se lekara alaMkRta aura nAdavaibhava se sampanna bhASA sUrasAgara meM milatI hai| saMkSepa meM bhASA se lekara alaMkRta sUra ke hAtha kI puttalikA rahI hai, jaisA kavi ne cAhA hai vaisA raMga usane dikhAyA hai| 20 ___ uparyukta vivecanAnusAra sUrasAgara kI bhASA ke bAre meM saMkSepa meM kaheM to vaha bhAvAnusAriNI, sarasatA evaM subodhatA se yukta, rasoM tathA bhAvoM ko vyakta karane meM sakSama, gatizIla, pravAhamayI, pariSkRta, ADambarahIna evaM sajIva hai jisameM sUra kI rasa-siddhatA mukharita huI hai| niSkarSa : donoM hI Alocya kRtiyoM kI bhASA para vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki donoM hI kaviyoM kA apanI-apanI bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hai| yadi jinasenAcArya ne gatizIla samAsa-alaMkAra yukta saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai to mahAkavi sUra ne bhAvAbhivyaJjanAsakSama, sarala sarasa sAhityika braja bhASA kaa| tulanA karane para unake utkarSApakarSa kA kathana karanA kaThina hai kyoMki donoM apane-apane kSetra meM pUrNa tathA advitIya haiN| donoM kRtikAroM kI bhASA vizuddha rahI hai parantu unameM jo antara rahA hai, vaha donoM paramparAoM, tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM tathA kAvya rUpoM ke anusAra hai| (ga) sUktiyAM va muhAvare :____ kavi apanI bhASA ko sazakta evaM sundara banAne ke lie sUktiyoM, muhAvaroM va lokoktiyoM kA prayoga karate haiN| ye saba bhASA ke anivArya upakaraNa haiN| inake prayoga se bhASA meM lAkSaNikatA, artha-gAMbhIrya, vaicitrya, mArmikatA, saralatA evaM kautUhala jaise adbhuta guNoM kA sahaja hI samanvaya ho jAtA hai| __ AcArya jinasena evaM mahAkavi sUra ke kAvya meM sUktiyoM va muhAvaroM; ityAdi kA yathAsthAna sahaja samAveza milatA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM kavi ne saMskRta ke aneka prasiddha

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kaviyoM kI uttama paMktiyoM ko vAkya kA sahaja aMga banAkara unheM sundara DhaMga se yatra-tatra prayukta kiyA hai| inakI sUktiyoM kI eka lambI sUcI bana jAtI hai| kavi ne yathAsthAna ina sUktiyoM kA prayoga kara apanI bAta ko dhAradAra banAyA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM prayukta mahattvapUrNa sUktiyA~ nimna prakAra se haiM(1) harivaMzasya-sUktaya :___ (1) Aloke jinabhAnujA viracite dhvAntasya vA kva sthitiH| (4/384) (sUrya ke dvArA prakAza ke utpanna hone para aMdhakAra kA sadbhAva kahA~ raha sakatA hai|) (2) maunaM sarvArthasAdhanam (7/129) (mauna saba kAryoM ko siddha karane vAlA hai) (3) kiM na syAd gurusevayA (9/131) __(guru sevA se kyA nahIM hotA) (4) vidyAlAbho guruvaMzAt / (9/30) (vidyA kI prApti guru se hotI hai|) (5) sarvato'pi suduHprekSyAM narendrANAmapi svayam / dRSTiM dRSTiviSasyeva dhik dhik lakSmI bhyaavhaam| (11/94) (jisa prakAra viSayukta sarpa kI dRSTi narendra-viSa-vaidyoM ke lie bhI saba ora se du:khamayI evaM bhaya utpanna karane vAlI hotI hai usI prakAra lakSmI bhI narendra rAjAoM ke lie bhI saba ora se atyanta duHkhaprekSya tathA bhaya utpanna karane vAlI hai|) . (6) sati bandhuvirodhe hi na sukhaM na dhanaM nRnnaam| (11/96) (bandhujanoM se virodha hone para na use sukha prApta hotA hai tathA na hI usakA dhana sthira rahatA hai|) (7) *apavAdo hi sahyeta raktena na mnovythaa| (14/39) (apavAdoM ko sahana kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu mana kI vyathA ko nhiiN|) ..(8) tamaH patanakAle hi prabhavatyapi bhaasvtH| (14/40) (sUrya ke patanakAla meM andhakAra kI prabalatA chA jAtI hai|) . (9) pApopazamanopAyAH satyeva sati jIvite / (14/65) (jIvita rahane para pApa ko zAMta karane ke bahuta upAya ho jaayeNge|) -311

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(10) atyabhyarNavipattInAM mantriNo hi nivrttkaaH| (14/66) (atyanta nikaTavartI maMtrI ApattiyoM ko dUra karate haiN|) (11) SaTkarNo bhidyate mantro rakSaNIyaH sa ytntH| (14/83) (chaH kAnoM meM pahu~cA huA maMtra phUTa jAtA hai, ataH usakI rakSA kA yatna karanA caahie|) (12) taptaM taptena yojyate / (14/91) ___ (saMtapta vastu dUsarI saMtapta vastu ke sAtha milAI jA sakatI hai|) (13) rahasi durlabhamApya manISitaM, na hi vimuJcati labdharaso jnH| (15/4) (durlabha vastu ko pAkara usakA rasa prApta karane vAle use chor3ate nhiiN|) (14) na sulabhaM samukhe kimu bhrtri| (15/15) / (bhartA ke anukUla rahane para kaunasI vastu sulabha nahIM) (15) paricitaH praNayaH khalu dustyjH| (15/93) ____ (paricita anubhUta sneha bar3I kaThinAI se chUTatA hai|) (16) kA vA kaThinacittasya jinshaasnbhkttaa| (18/148) (usa kaThora hRdaya vAle ke jinazAsana kI bhakti kyA hai?) (17) punarbodhipariprAptiH durlabhA bhavasaMkaTe / (18/150) (isa saMsAra ke cakkara meM punaH bodha kI prApti durlabha hI samajhanI caahie|) (18) kA strI kA vA svasA bhrAtA kau vai kaaryaabhilaassinnH| vairiNo nanu hantAro hantavyaM nAtra duryshH| (19/106) (kArya ke icchuka manuSyoM ke lie kyA strI! kyA bahana! kyA bhAI! unheM to jo vairI apanA ghAta kare usakI avazya hI bAta karanA cAhie isameM kucha bhI apayaza nahIM hai|) (19) uttiSThed yadyasau tasmAttasya zAMtiH kuto'nytH| (20/34) (yadi jala se hI agni uThane lage to anya kisa padArtha se usakI zAMti ho sakatI hai|) (20) sAdhoH zItalazItalasya tApanaM na hi shaantye| gADhatapto dahatyeva toyAtmA vikRtiM gtH|| (20/37)

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(zItala svabhAva ke dhAraka sAdhu ko santAna pahu~cAnA zAMti ke lie nahIM hai kyoMki jisa prakAra adhika tapAyA huA pAnI vikRta hokara jalA detA hai usI prakAra duHkhI kiyA huAM sAdhu vikRta hokara jalA detA hai, zApa Adi se hI naSTa karatA hai|) (21) dRSTazrutAnubhUtaM hi nava dhRtikaraM nRNAm / (21/37) (dekhI sunI aura anubhava meM AyI nUtana vastu hI manuSyoM ko sukhadAyaka hotI hai|) (22) akSarasyApi caikasya padArthasya padasya vaa| dAtAraM vismaran pApI kiM punardharmadezinam // (21/156) (eka akSara, Adhe pada athavA eka pada ko bhI dene vAle guruoM ko bhUla jAtA hai vaha bhI jaba pApI hai taba dharmopadeza ke dAtA ko bhUla jAne vAle manuSya ko to kahanA hI kyA hai|) (23) pApakUpe nimagnebhyo dharmahastAvalambanam / dadatA kaH samo. loke saMsArottAriNA nRNAm // (21/155) (jo pApa rUpI kue~ meM DUbe hue vyakti ko dharmarUpI hAtha kA sahArA detA hai tathA saMsAra sAgara se pAra karAne vAlA hai, usa manuSya ke samAna saMsAra meM manuSyoM ke bIca dUsarA kauna hai?) (24) strINAM praNayakopasya praNAmo hi nivrtkH| (22/46) (hAtha jor3akara kiyA huA namaskAra striyoM ke mAna ko dUra kara detA hai|) . (25) kuto lubdhasya stytaa| (27/35) (lobhI manuSya meM satyatA kaise ho sakatI hai|) (26) na muhyati prAptakRtau kRtIti / (35/62) .. (kuzala manuSya avasara ke anusAra kArya karane meM kabhI nahIM cuukte|) (27) na raajylaabho'bhimto'nptyH| (35/68) (saMtAna ke binA rAjya lAbha bhI acchA nahIM lgtaa|) (28) sphuTavadana vikArAllakSitaM cittaduHkham / (36/20) (kaThora vacanoM se tiraskAra karanA kyA ucita hai?) . (29) va pAtrabhedo'sti dhanapravarSiNAm / (37/3) ___ (dhana kI varSA karane vAle ko pAtra bheda kahA~ hotA hai|)

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(30) bahuratnA vasundharA / (42/31) (yaha pRthvI aneka ratnoM se yukta hai|) (31) aho pramadahetavo'pi sukhayanti no duHkhitaan| (42/102) (dukhI manuSyoM ko harSa ke kAraNa sukha nahIM pahu~cAyA jA sktaa|) (32) daivameva paraMloke dhik paurusskaarnnm| (43/68) (saMsAra meM akAraNa puruSArtha ko dhikkAra hai|) (33) sadbhUtasyApi doSasya parakIyasya bhaassnnm| pApahetumoghaH syAdasadbhUtasya kiM punH|| (45/153) (dUsaroM ke vidyamAna doSa kA kathana karanA bhI pApa kA kAraNa hai phira avidyamAna doSa ke kathana karane kI to bAta hI kyA hai? vaha to aise pApa kA kAraNa hotA hai jisakA phala kabhI vyartha nahIM jAtA arthAt avazya hI bhoganA par3atA hai|) (34) tyajata vAcamasatyamaloddhatAM bhajata styvconirvdytaam| . nijayazovizadAM saguNodyatAM vijayinIM tviha vizvavidoditAm // (45/158) (asatyarUpI doSa se udyata vANI ko chor3o evaM satyavacana se utpanna usa nirmalatA kA sevana karo jo apane yaza se vizada hai, guNI manuSyoM ko prApta karane meM udyata hai| isa loka meM vijaya prApta karAne vAlI hai evaM svarga deva ke dvArA nirUpita hai|) - (35) vaktA zrotA ca pApasya yannAtra phlmshnute| . tadamoghamutrAsya vRddharthamiti buddhyatAm // (45/156) (pApa kA vaktA aura zrotA jo isa loka meM apanA phala nahIM prApta kara pAtA hai vaha mAno paraloka meM vRddhi ke lie surakSita hai|) (36) puNyasya kim dusskrm| (46/16) (puNya ke lie kaunasA karma kaThina hai|) (37) adezakAlaM nahi narma zobhate / (54/6) (paradeza tathA anucita samaya meM namratA zobhAspada nahIM hai|) (38) klizitadhIrhi jineSvapi shngkte| (55/19) (saMkliSTa buddhi ke dhAraka manuSya bhagavAn jinendra ke bAre meM bhI zaMkA karate haiN|) (39) bhramati hi svapatAM bhuvane mnH| (55/23)

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(yathArtha meM sone vAloM kA mana saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai|) (40) jAtAnAM hi samastAnAM jIvAnAM niyatA mRtiH| (61/20) (utpanna hue samasta jIvoM kA maraNa nizcita hai|) (41) kSamAmUlastapo bhAro vakSyate krodhvhninaa| (61/62) (aisA tapa jisakI jar3a kSamA hai vaha krodharUpI agni se jala jAtA hai|) (42) mokSasAdhanamaSyeSa tapo dUSayati kssnnaat| caturvargaripuH krodhaH krodhaH svprnaashkH|| (61/63) (yaha krodha mokSa ke sAdhana-bhUta tapa ko kSaNa bhara meM dUSita kara detA hai vaha dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM vargoM kA zatru hai tathA nija para ko naSTa karane vAlA hai|) (43) durvArA hi bhvitvytaa| 761/77 ___(vAstava meM jo hone vAlA hai, vaha durnivAra hai|) (44) AgADhe vApyanAgADhe maraNe smupsthite| na muhyanti janA jAtu jinshaasnbhaavitaaH|| (61/96) (jo manuSya jinazAsana kI bhAvanA se yukta hai ve sambhAvita aura asambhAvita kisI bhI prakAra kA maraNa upasthita hone para kabhI moha ko prApta nahIM hote|) (45) parasyApakRtiM kurvan kuryAdekatra jnmni| pApI paravadhaM svasya janturjanmani janmani // (61/101) (dUsare kA apakAra karane vAlA pApI manuSya dUsare kA vadha to eka janma meM karatA hai para usake phalasvarUpa apanA vadha janma-janma meM karatA hai|) _ (46) saMsAravardhano'nyeSAM bhavedvA vadhako na vaa| (61/102) (dUsaroM kA vadha kare yA na kare, vaha apanA saMsAra bar3hAtA hai|) ___(47) paraM hanmIti saMdhyAtaM lohapiNDamupAdadat / dahatyAtmAnamevAdau kaSAyavazagastathA // (61/103) (jisa prakAra tapAye hue lohe ke piNDa ko uThAne vAlA manuSya pahale apane Apako jalAtA hai, pazcAt dUsaroM ko jalA sake athavA nhiiN| usI prakAra kaSAya ke vazIbhUta prANI dUsaroM kA ghAta karU~ isa vicAra ke utpanna hote hI pahale apane ApakA ghAta karatA hai pazcAt dUsare kA ghAta kara sake yA nahIM kara ske|) . pApA paravadha - -

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(48) dhik krodhaM svaparApakArakaraNaM saMsArasaMvardhanam / (61/108) (nija tathA para ke apakAra kA kAraNa tathA saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAle isa krodha ko dhikkAra hai|) (49) nirasyati payastRSNAM stokAM velAmidaM punH|| jinasmaraNapAnIyaM pItaM tAM muulto'syti|| (62/24) (vaha pAnI to thor3e samaya taka ke lie pyAsa ko dUra karatA hai para jinendra bhagavAn kA smaraNa rUpI pAnI pIte hI usa tRSNA ko jar3a mUla se naSTa kara detA hai|) (50) durlaGghayA bhvitvytaa| (62/44) (honahAra alaMghanIya hotA hai|) (51) karoti sajjano yatnaM duryazaH paapbhiirukH| daive tu kuTile tasya sa yatnaH kiM kariSyati // (62/43) ... (apayaza aura pApa se Darane vAlA sajjanapuruSa buddhipUrvaka prayatna karatA hai parantu daiva ke kuTila hone para usakA vaha yatna kyA kara sakatA hai?) . (52) sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM datte kaH kasya sNsRtau| __mitraM vA yadi vAmitraH svakRtaM karma tttvtH|| (62/51) (saMsAra meM kauna kisake lie sukha detA hai athavA kauna kisake lie duHkha detA hai aura kauna kisakA mitra hai athavA kauna kisakA zatru hai, yathArtha meM apanA kiyA huA kArya hI sukha yA duHkha detA hai|) (11) sUrasAgara : sUrasAgara meM prApta muhAvaroM evaM lokoktiyoM kI lambI sUcI hai| kavi ne inakA prayoga bhramaragIta prasaMga meM sarvAdhika kiyA hai| gopiyoM dvArA premabhakti kI sthApanA tathA usake sAtha hI uddhava, kRSNa va kubjA ko lakSya karake kahI gaI aneka uktiyA~ uttama muhAvaroM evaM lokoktiyoM ke udAharaNa haiN| mAnalIlA evaM muralI ke prati gopiyoM ke vacana va naina-samaya ke padoM meM bhI isakA sahaja prayoga milatA hai| sUrasAgara meM prayukta katipaya muhAvare :(1) sahada lAi kai caattauN| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3926) (2) haMsa kAga ke sNg| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3418) (3) aMga Agi bii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3108) (4) hiyarau sulgaavt| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3545)

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(5) bAra khasauyata nhaatai| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3547) (6) tAkI jnniichaar| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3836) (7) guru cIMTI jyoM paanii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3958) (8) jyoM khere kI duub| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3989) (9) mAkhI mdhu| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4008) (10) phirata dhatUrA khaae| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4040) (11) gur3a dora jyoM torii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3361) (12) madhu dUhe kI mAkhI (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3209) (13) lauMDI kI Daur3I jaga bjii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3658) (14) aMga Aga bii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3703) (15) daI prema kI phaaNsii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3707) (16) rIsa cddh'aaii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 1868) (17) hAtha bikaanii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 1898) (18) milI dUdha jyoM paanii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 1898) (19) lena na den| .. (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 2251) (20) marata locana pyaas| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3228) (21) mana kI mana hI mA~jha rhii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3280) (22) bhaI bhUsa para bhiiti| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3184) (23) ghura hI te khoTo khAyoM hai| . (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3965) (24) gUMge gura kI dsaa| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 2529) (25) mola liyo bina mol| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 1457) lokoktiyA~ :- mahAkavi sUra ne sarvatra apane kathana kI puSTi meM lokoktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ukti kI vakratA isakA anivArya guNa hai| kavi ne lokoktiyoM kA pariSkAra bhI kiyA hai| prayoga kI dRSTi se unhoMne tInoM prakAra kI lokoktiyoM ko prayukta kiyA hai-(1) pracalita kahAvateM (2) pariSkRta lokoktiyA~ tathA (3) unakI nijI uktiyA~ / sUrasAgara meM varNita kucha lokoktiyA~ draSTavya haiM(1) ekapaMtha dve kaaj| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3558)

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(2) karavata laihoM kaasii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3558) (3) dUdha-dUdha pAnI ko paanii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4744) (4) apano boyo Apa lonie| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4479) (5) svAna puMcha kou koTika lAge sUdhI kahu~ na krii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4104) (6) apano dUdha chA~r3i ke pIve khAre kUpa ko baarii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4598) (7) kaMcana khoi kA~ca lai aayau| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3129) (8) jIvana rUpa divasa dasa hI kau jyoM aMjurI ko paanii| (sUrasAgara padaM saMkhyA - 3210) (9) lauMDI kI Daur3I jaga baajii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4270) (10) joI lIje soI hai apnau| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 2883) (11) sUra sukRta haThi nAva calAvata ye saritA hai sUkhI (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4175) (12) jahIM vyAha taha~ riiti| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3783) (13) khara ko kahA aragajA lepana marakata bhUSana aNg|(suursaagr pada saMkhyA - 332) (14) kaise samahiMge eka myAna do khaaNdd'e| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4222) (15) jUTho khaiye mIThe kaarn| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 3559) (16) laghu aparAdha dAsa ko trasi ThAkura ko saba sauNhe| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4583) (17) kATaku amba babUra lgaavhuN| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4239) (18) prema kathA soi pai jAnai jApai bItI hore| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4239) (19) sUra svabhAva tajai nahiM kAroM kIne koTi upaay| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4160) (20) lai Aye naphA jAti kai savai vastu akrii| (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4694) (21) sUrI ke pAtana ke badale ko muktAhala dai haiM // (sUrasAgara pada saMkhyA - 4222) uparyukta prakAra se donoM hI kRtiyoM meM apanI-apanI bhASA, paramparA, lokasaMskAra evaM lokAcAra kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para sUktiyA~, muhAvaroM tathA lokoktiyoM kA prayoga milatA hai| donoM hI kaviyoM ne inakA saphala prayoga kara apanI bhASA ko sazakta banAyA hai| isake prayoga se vidvAn kaviyoM kA pANDitya, kavitva zakti kI vilakSaNatA tathA unake loka ke jJAna kA sundara paricaya milatA hai|

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| TippaNiyA~ :1. sUradAsa evaM narasiMha mehatA - DaoN0 bhramaralAla jozI - pR0 167 2. - shRNgaarhaasykrunnraudrviirbhyaankaaH| bIbhatso'dbhuta ityaSTau rasAH zAMtastathA mtH|| 182 sAhityadarpaNa tRtIya-pariccheda 3. sUradAsa - AcArya rAmacandra zukla - pR0 167 harivaMzapurANa sarga 35/29 - pR0 451 5. harivaMzapurANa sarga 35/35-36 - pR0 452 harivaMzapurANa sarga 35/57-58 - pR0 455 sUrasAgara pada saM0 639 - pR0 264 8. sUrasAgara pada saM0 793 - pR0 319 sUrasAgara pada saM0 717 - pR0 295 10. sUrasAgara pada saM0 898 - pR0 355 11. sUradAsa aura narasiMha mehatA - DaoN0 dharamalAla jozI - pR0 184 12. harivaMzapurANa sarga 35/65.67 - pR0 456 13. harivaMzapurANa sarga 42/74-75 - pR0 509 14. harivaMzapurANa sarga 42/76 - pR0 509 15. harivaMzapurANa sarga 42/104 - pR0 512 16. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1347 - pR0 574 17. sUrasAgara pada 1608 - pR0 603 / / 18. sUrasAgara pada 2067 - pR0 761 19. . sUrasAgara pada saM0 2172 - pR0 796 20. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3452 - pR0 1126 21. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3599 - pR0 1192 22. * sUrasAgara pada saM0 3828 - pR0 1255 23. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4691 - pR0 1467 24. harivaMzapurANa sarga 42/5-6 - pR0 514 25. harivaMzapurANa sarga 42/13-15 - pR0 515 26. sUrasAgara pada saM0 897 - pR0 354 27. sUrasAgara pada saM0 952 - pR0 371 28. harivaMzapurANa sarga 50/130-132 - pR0 633 - - - - - -

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29. harivaMzapurANa sarga 63/20-22 - pR0 771 30. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1233 - pR0 478 31. sUrasAgara pada saM0 287 - pR0 93 / 32. harivaMzapurANa sarga 36/44 - pR0 465 33. harivaMzapurANa sarga 42/91-92 - pR0 511 34. harivaMzapurANa sarga 52/46-49 - pR0 600 35. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1470 - pR0 557 / 36. harivaMzapurANa sarga 52/51-54 - pR0 600 37. sUrasAgara pada saM0 270 - pR0 9 / 38. harivaMzapurANa sarga 35/69 - pR0 456 39. harivaMzapurANa sarga 49/33 - pR0 579 40. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1214 - pR0 472 41. harivaMzapurANa sarga 52442-43 - pR0 599 42. harivaMzapurANa sarga 41/21-22 - pR0 500 43. sUrasAgara pada saM0 874 - pR0 347 44. harivaMzapurANa sarga 60/133-134 - pR0 716 45. harivaMzapurANa sarga 61/2-3 - pR0 754 46. sUrasAgara pada saM0 68 - pR0 32 47. harivaMzapurANa sarga 49/4 - pR0 487 48. harivaMzapurANa sarga 66/36 - pR0 808 49. harivaMzapurANa sarga 66/46 - pR0 809 50. harivaMzapurANa sarga 18/148 - pR0 273 51. sUrasAgara pada saM0 309 - pR0 102 52. sUrasAgara pada saM0 86 - pR0 28 53. sUrasAgara pada saM0 55 - pR0 19 54. sUrasAgara pada saM0 385 - pR0 719 55. harivaMzapurANa sarga 28/1/353 56. harivaMzapurANa sarga 34/81 - pR0 433 aura vahI 34/88, 92, 95-96, 107, 110, 112, 126-27, 132-149 57. harivaMzapurANa sarga 28/51 - pR0 377 D

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58. harivaMzapurANa sarga 11/139 aura bhI 1/127-28, 2/151, 3/97, 4/384, 5/735, 9/223, 11/139, 13/33-34, 17/163-64, 22/65, 27/186, 31/138, 32/44, 33/174, 35/80, 40/46, 41/57, 48/75, 61/108, 62/146 Adi harivaMzapurANa sarga 36/1 - pR0 459 aura bhI 6/2-75, 57/183 60. harivaMzapurANa sarga 26/56 - pR0 361 aura bhI vahI 34/128, 41/57, 45/134, 55/134-138 61. harivaMzapurANa sarga 8/236 - pR0 164 aura bhI vahI 16/1-79, 46/58-62, 53/49-53, 60/573 62. harivaMzapurANa sarga 6/139 - pR0 130 63. harivaMzapurANa sarga 7/178 - pR0 145 64. harivaMzapurANa sarga 27/139 - pR0 372 aura vahI 30/85, 87, 91, 63/1-114 65. harivaMzapurANa sarga 25/72 - pR0 356 66. harivaMzapurANa sarga 10/161 - pR0 197 aura vahI 19/105-107, 37/1-147, 54/69-75, 66/1-151 harivaMzapurANa sarga 18/180 - pR0 275 aura vahI 23/153, 29/72, 38/1-55, 42/98-108, 47/137, 52/92-93 68. harivaMzapurANa sarga 34/73 - pR0 427 aura bhI vahI 34/86, 89, 98, 104, 105 69. harivaMzapurANa sarga 35/41 - pR0 453 aura bhI vahI 35/1 se 79 70. : harivaMzapurANa sarga 34/73 - pR0 427 71. harivaMzapurANa sarga 12/80 - pR0 214 aura vahI 12 / 81-82, 19/271, 34/77, 90, 56/ 114-119 72. harivaMzapurANa sarga 15/1 - pR0 229 aura vahI 15/2-62, 24/86, 43/244, 44/52, 45/158-160, 55/1-133 73. harivaMzapurANa sarga 39/9 - pR0 488 aura vahI 39/1-8 (troTakadvayanirmita) 74. harivaMzapurANa. sargaH 34/84 - pR0 433 75. harivaMzapurANa sarga 49/9 - pR0 576 aura vahI 49/1-51 76. sUradAsa aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN0 dezarAjasiMha bhATI - pR0 514 77. sUradAsa aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN0 dezarAjasiMha bhATI - pR0 515 78. . sUrasAgara pada saM0 2236 - pR0 816 79.. sUrasAgara pada saM0 180 - pR0 59 80. sUrasAgara pada saM0 432 - pR0 171

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81.. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2850 - pR0 975 82. sUrasAgara pada saM0 549 - pR0 226 83. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2421 - pR0 874 sUrasAgara pada saM0 2421 - pR0 874 sUrasAgara pada saM0 540 - pR0 222 86. sUrasAgara pada saM0 503 - pR0 206 sUrasogara pada saM0 1936 - pR0 440 88. sUrasAgara pada saM0 88 - pR0.28 89. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1398 - pR0 528 sUrasAgara pada saM0 714 - pR0 294 sUrasAgara pada saM0 764 - pR0 311 92. sUrasAgara pada saM0 644 - pR0 268 93. sUrasAgara pada saM0 774 - pR0 314 94. sUrasAgara aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN0 dezarAjasiMha bhATI - pR0 526 95. aMgIkaroti yaH kAvyaM shbdaarthaavnlNkRti| asau na manyate kasmAdanuSNamanalaMkRti // candrAloka - jayadeva , 96. bhramaragItasAra - AcArya rAmacandra zukla - pR0 23 97. harivaMzapurANa sarga 42/99 - pR0 511 98. harivaMzapurANa sarga 57/181 - pR0 659 99. harivaMzapurANa sarga 59/84 - pR0 701 100. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4106 - pR0 1320 101. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2068 - pR0 761 102. harivaMzapurANa sarga 59/62 - pR0 699 103. harivaMzapurANa sarga 60/47 - pR0 706 104. harivaMzapurANa sarga 60/48 - pR0 709 105. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1214 - pR0 472 106. harivaMzapurANa sarga 55/58-59 - pR0 623 107. sUrasAgara pada saM0 4382 - pR0 1389 108. harivaMzapurANa sarga 42/108 - pR0 513 109. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2079 - pR0 765 110. harivaMzapurANa sarga 51/44 - pR0 656 % 3D % 3D %3

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111. harivaMzapurANa sarga 59/13-14 - pR0 489 112. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1357 - pR0 517 113. sUrasAgara pada saM0 362 - pR0 276 114. eka zabda bahubArajahaMparai ruci arth| / punarukti parakAzagunabaraina buddhisamartha // kAvyanirNaya - pR0 198 115. harivaMzapurANa sarga 60/568-69 - pR0 752 116. harivaMzapurANa sarga 60/555-56 - pR0 751 117. sUrasAgara pada saM0 1092 - pR0 422 / 118. arthAlaMkArarahitA vidhaveva sarasvatI / agnipurANa 119. harivaMzapurANa sarga 15/2 - pR0 229 120. sUra kI kAvyakalA - DaoN0 madana mohana gautama - pR0 saM0 267

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jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa kathA evaM harivaMzapurANa dharma-pracAra meM loka pracalita kathAoM, AkhyAnoM, janazrutiyoM kA upayoga prAyaH kiyA jAtA rahA hai| isI prakAra loka vizruta mahApuruSoM ke jIvana saMdarbha kA ullekha bhI isa dRSTi se mahattavapUrNa rahA hai| zrI kRSNa ke jIvana saMdarbha ko jaina paramparAgata sAhitya meM grahaNa bhI isa krama meM huA hai| kRSNa kathA kA jo svarUpa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya meM pracalita rahA hogA, usakA unhoMne apane dharma pracAra meM upayoga kiyA hogaa| ataH Agamika kRtiyoM meM kRSNa kathA ke jo saMdarbha upalabdha haiM, bahuta saMbhava hai ki ve I0pU0 chaThI sadI meM arthAt tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya meM isa rUpa meM pracalita rahe hoN| taduparAnta svAbhAvika hai ki mahAvIra svAmI ke eka hajAra varSa pazcAt sampAdita evaM saMkalita kRtiyoM meM zrI kRSNa ke jIvana-caritra sambandhita prasaMgoM meM parivardhana ho gayA hogaa| isI AdhAra para Agamika kRtiyoM meM zrI kRSNa carita ke prasaMga upalabdha hote haiM parantu ye prasaMga kramabaddha rUpa se upalabdha na hokara yathAsaMdarbha varNita haiN| ina kRtiyoM meM jJAtAdharma kathA, antakRddazA, prazna vyAkaraNa, uttarAdhyayana tathA nirayAvalikA mukhya haiM / ina saba granthoM meM varNita prasaMgoM ke AdhAra para zrI kRSNa ke carita ke adholikhita tathyoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai| DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA ke anusAra :1. soriyapura nagara ke vasudeva nAma ke rAjA the| unakI do patniyA~ rohiNI evaM devakI thii| inase unake balarAma tathA kRSNa do putra hue| 2. vasudevAdi dasa bhAI evaM do bahineM thii| isake bhAiyoM meM samudravijaya, akSobha, stamita, sAgara, himavAna, acala, dharaNa, pUraNa, abhicanda tathA vasudeva the tathA bahinoM meM kuntI evaM mAdrI thii| 3. kRSNa ne apane jIvana meM aneka vIratApUrNa kArya kiye| inameM ariSTa baila kA vadha karanA, yamalArjuna ko naSTa karanA, kAliyanAga kA darpa haraNa karanA, mahAzakuni aura pUtanA ko mAranA tathA cANUra, kaMsa tathA jarAsaMdha ityAdi kA vadha zAmila hai| 4. zrI kRSNa dvArikA ke mahAn mahimAzAlI vAsudeva rAjA the| aneka adhInastha rAjAoM, aizvaryamAna nAgarikoM sahita vindhyAcala se sAgara paryanta dakSiNa bhArata-kSetra unake prabhAva meM thaa|

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5. zrI kRSNa vAsudeva bAisaveM tIrthaMkara ahaMta ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI the| ariSTanemi ke prati inakI zraddhA svAbhAvika thii| Agamika kRtiyoM meM ariSTanemi ke dvArikA Agamana tathA kRSNa kA sadala-bala unakI dharma sabhA meM hone kA prasaMga aneka rUpoM meM citrita huA hai| ina varNanoM meM kRSNa ke parivArajanoM kA unase dIkSA lene kA varNana bhI hai| 6. yAdavoM kA vinAza madirApAna se unmatta paraspara lar3ane se huA thaa| dvArikA nagarI agni meM bhasma ho gii| zrI kRSNa kA prANAnta jaratkumAra ke bANa lagane se kauzAmbI vana-pradeza meM huaa| ina saba tathyoM para AdhArita zrI kRSNa kathA kA saMkSipta rUpa isa prakAra se hai| zrI kRSNa vasudeva-devakI ke putra the| vasudevAdi dasa bhAI the tathA ve soriyapura ke rAjA the| zrI kRSNa atyanta vIra sAhasI puruSa the tathA balarAma unake bar3e bhAI the| kRSNa ne mathurA nareza kaMsa kA vadha kiyA evaM taduparAnta apane bala se dvArikA kA rAjya sthApita kara apane bala kA vistAra kiyaa| unhoMne jarAsaMdha kA vadha karake vAsudeva ke rUpa meM khyAti arjita kii| rukmiNI unakI rAnI thii| pradyumna, zAmba Adi unake aneka putra the| zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI jainoM ke bAisaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM mAnya hue| kRSNa parivAra ke aneka sadasyoM ne unase vairAgya kI dIkSA lI tathA mokSa mArga grahaNa kiyaa| yAdava loga madirApAna kara Apasa meM lar3a mare tathA dvArikA nagarI agni meM naSTa ho gii| jarA nAmaka vyAdha ke bANa se zrI kRSNa kA paraloka gamana huaa| __itanA saba hone ke bAvajUda bhI Agamika kRtiyoM meM kRSNa carita kramabaddha va vistAra se varNita nahIM hai| jinasena ne inhIM Agamika kRtiyoM meM varNita kRSNa kathA ko mUlAdhAra athavA bindusvarUpa meM grahaNa kara ise kramabaddha evaM vistRta rUpa pradAna kara khyAti prApta kI hai| jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa meM Upara uddhRta tathyoM ke AdhAra-prasaMgoM kA vistAra milatA hai| sAtha hI pUrvApara sambandha banAye rakhane ke lie anya prasaMga bhI idharaudhara se lekara kavi ne ise navInatA dene kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| AcArya jinasena dvArA varNita kRSNa-carita jaina sAhitya meM apanA viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai| paravartI sAhitya meM bhI isI kathA ko mUlAdhAra mAnakara jaina kaviyoM ne kRSNa carita kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa ke. navIna prasaMga jo kavi kI maulikatA para AdhArita haiM, draSTavya haiM zrI kRSNa kI vaMza-paramparA . purANakAra ne Alocya kRti meM zrI kRSNa ke vaMza paramparA kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| yaha paramparA brAhmaNa paramparA se kucha sAmya rakhate hue bhI navInatA ke AdhAra para nirUpita huI hai| __jinasenAcArya ke anusAra bharata-khaNDa meM vidyamAna campApurI meM "Arya" nAma kA rAjA huaa| usake hari nAma kA putra thA, jo indra ke samAna prasiddha huaa| yahI parama yazasvI samrAT hari, harivaMza kI utpatti kA kAraNa bnaa| hari se mahAgiri, mahAgiri se himagiri, - -

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himagiri se vasugiri, usase giri, tadanantara sumitra Adi pratApazAlI samrAT hue| isI kula meM Age calakara suvrata, vasu, vRhaddhvaja, subAhu, dIrghabAhu, vajrabAhu, labdhAbhimAna, bhAnu, yadu, subhAnu, bhIma tathA yadu nAma ke rAjA hue| rAjA yadu hI yAdava vaMza kI utpatti ke kAraNa the, unhoMne apane pratApa se samasta pRthvI para apanA rAjya phailA diyA thaa| udiyAya yadustatra hrivNshodyaacle| - yAdavaprabhavo vyApI bhUmau bhuupvibhaakrH|| 18/6 tadantara isI kula meM yadu se narapati evaM narapati ke zUra aura suvIra do putra hue| atyanta vIra zUra ne apane bhAI suvIra ko mathurA ke rAjya para adhiSThita kiyA evaM svayaM kuzadya deza meM eka uttama zauryapura nAma kA nagara bsaayaa| zUra se andhaka vRSNi evaM suvIra se bhojaka vRSNi Adi atyanta vIra utpanna hue| andhaka vRSNi ke dasa putra hue jinake nAma isa prakAra se haiM-1. samudravijaya 2. akSobhya 3. stimitasAgara 4. himavAna 5. vijaya 6. acala 7. dharaNa 8. pUraNa 9. abhicanda evaM 10. vsudev|| isake alAvA unake kuntI evaM mAdrI nAma kI do kanyAe~ thIM, jo atizaya mAnya thiiN| rAjA bhojaka vRSNi ke ugrasena, mahAsena tathA devasena nAma ke tIna putra hue| andhaka vRSNi ke sabase bar3e putra samudravijaya ke putra ariSTanemi the tathA sabase choTe putra vasudeva ke zrI kRSNa putra the| isa prakAra se zrI kRSNa ariSTanemi ke na kevala samakAlIna the varan unake cacere bhAI the| ariSTanemi tathA zrI kRSNa kA pArivArika vaMza-vRkSa harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra saMkSepa meM nimna prakAra se hai Arya (inhIM se harivaMza) yadu (yAdava vaMza) narapati andhaka vRSNi bhojaka vRSNi ugrasena mahAsena devasena samudravijaya akSobha stimita sAgara himavAna acala dharaNa pUraNa abhicanda vasudeva ariSTanemi zrI kRSNa

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samudravijaya ke putra ariSTanemi hI jainoM ke bAisaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| parantu Ayu meM ye zrI kRSNa se choTe the| paurANika paramparA ke anusAra jinasenAcArya ne isa vaMza kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI ariSTanemi rAjA andhaka vRSNi ke dasa putra the jisameM zauryapura kA samrATa samudravijaya sabase bar3A thaa| unakI rAnI kA nAma zivA devI thaa| vaizAkha zuklA trayodazI ko citrA nakSatra meM rAtri kI zubha belA meM zivA devI ne putraratna (ariSTanemi) ko janma diyaa| tataH kRtasusaMgame nizi nizAkare citrayA prazastasamavasthite grahagaNe samaste shubhe| asUta tanayaM zivA zivadazuddhavaizAkhaja trayodazatithau jagajayanakAriNaM haarinnm|| isa bhAgyazAlI putra ke puNya prabhAva se deva devendroM ne usakA janma-mahotsava mnaayaa| bacapana se hI ariSTanemi sundara lakSaNoM evaM uttama svaroM se yukta the| ve eka hajAra ATha zubha lakSaNoM se yukta the| gautama gotrI evaM zarIra se zyAma kAMti vAle the| unakI mukhAkRti manohara thI tathA unameM alaukika bala thaa| jaba zrI kRSNa evaM jarAsaMdha ke bIca nirNAyaka yuddha huA thA, usa samaya neminAtha ne apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kI thii| jaba donoM ora se senAe~ apanI-apanI vyUha banAkara yuddha ke lie tatpara khar3I thI, usa samaya kubera ke siMhavidyA ratha para balabhadra, gArur3aratha para zrI kRSNa evaM indra ke bhoja ratha para neminAtha savAra hue| unake ratha astrazastroM se paripUrNa the| yAdavoM kI senA meM rAjAoM ne ariSTanemi ko apanA senApati banAkara use abhiSikta kiyaa| udhara rAjA jarAsaMdha ne harSapUrvaka mahAzaktizAlI rAjA hiraNyanAbha ko senApati ke pada para niyukta kiyaa| donoM ora se raNabheriyA~ bajane lgii| donoM ora se yoddhA eka-dUsare ko lalakAra-lalakAra kara yathAyogya yuddha karane lge| zatru sanA ko prabala aura apanI senA ko naSTa hotI dekha baila, hAthI tathA vAnara kI dhvajA dhAraNa karane vAle neminAtha, arjuna aura anAvRSTi kRSNa kA abhipnAya jAnakara svayaM yuddha karane kI taiyArI karane lage tathA unhoMne jarAsaMdha ke cakravyUha ko bhejane kA nizcaya kiyaa| neminAtha ne zatruoM ke hRdaya meM bhrama utpanna karane ke lie indra pradatta zAka zaMkha ko bajAyA, arjuna ne devadatta zaMkha aura anAvRSTi ne balAhaka nAmaka zaMkha bjaayaa| zaMkha nAda hote hI usakI senA meM mahAn utsAha bar3ha gayA evaM zatru senA meM mahAbhaya chA gyaa| .. - % D

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tadanantara neminAtha ne cirakAla taka zatru senA ke sAtha bhayaMkara yuddha kiyaa| bANa varSA se nIce girAkara hajAroM zatruoM rAjAoM ko yuddha meM titara-bitara kara diyaa| nipAtya zaravarSeNa rukmiNaM ciryodhnm| ripurAjasahasrANi nemiricakSepa sNyuge||deg itanA hI nahIM ariSTanemi ke prabhAva se anta meM zrI kRSNa ko jarAsaMdha se vijayazrI prApta huI evaM ve nauveM nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hue| ariSTanemi ke eka prasaMga meM varNana AtA hai ki eka dina yuvA nemikumAra kubera ke yahA~ se bheje hue vastrAbhUSaNoM Adi se suzobhita, rAjAoM tathA baladeva va zrI kRSNa Adi ke sAtha yAdavoM se bhI kusumacitrA sabhA meM gye| sabhA meM upasthita sabhI rAjAoM ne apane-apane Asana chor3akara unheM namaskAra kiyaa| zrI kRSNa ne bhI Age bar3hakara unakA svAgata kiyaa| ___usa sabhA meM balavAnoM kI carcA chir3a gii| sabhI apane-apane matAnusAra koI arjuna ko, koI yuddha meM sthira rahane vAle yudhiSThira ko, koI parAkramI bhIma ko, koI udbhaTa sahadeva tathA nakula ko evaM koI anya logoM kI prazaMsA karane lge| kisI ne kahA. baladeva sabase jyAdA balavAn hai to koI govardhana parvatadhArI zrI kRSNa ko sabase adhika balavAn kahane lgaa| isa para baladeva ne kahA ki tuma loga vyartha, meM inakI bAteM karate ho, nemikumAra sA bala tIna loka meM kisI kA nahIM hai| ve pRthvI ko uThA sakate haiM, samudra ko dazoM dizAoM meM bikhera sakate haiN| isake jaisA bala manuSya to kyA kisI devatA meM bhI nahIM hai| zrI kRSNa ne nemikumAra kI bar3hAI sunakara muskurAte hue unase mallayuddha meM bala kI parIkSA karane kA khaa| isa para neminAtha ne kahA ki he agraja! yadi Apako merI bhujAoM kA bala jAnanA hI hai to sahasA isa Asana se mere paira ko vicalita kara diijie| zrI kRSNa usI samaya kamara kasakara bhujabala se jinendra nemikumAra ko jItane kI icchA se khar3e hue parantu paira kA calAnA to dUra rahA, unake paira kI eka aMgulI ko bhI calAne meM samartha nahIM ho ske| pasIne se lathapatha hokara evaM lambI-lambI sA~se nikAlate hue unhoMne kahA kihe deva! ApakA bala lokottara evaM AzcaryakArI hai| taduparAnta zrI kRSNa ke ahaMkAra kA naSTa karane vAle jinendra rUpa candramA rAjAoM se parivRtta ho apane mahala meM cale gye| nijamagAramagAjinacandramAH parivRtaH kSitipaiH ksspitsmyH| harirapi sphuTamAtmani zaMkitaH klizitadhIrhi jinessvpishNkte||2 eka samaya vasanta Rtu Ane para zrI kRSNa apanI striyoM se parivRta bhagavAn neminAtha, rAjA-mahArAjA aura nagaravAsI logoM ke sAtha giranAra parvata para krIr3A karane kI icchA se

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gye| giranAra parvata kI zobhA anupama thii| vAsantI phUloM ke parAMgoM se sugandhI havA, AmralatAoM ke rasa kA Ananda lene vAlI kokilAoM kI kuhU kuhU, madhupAna meM lIna bhramaroM ke guMjana se vana pradeza atyanta manohara ho rahA thaa| aise manamohaka vAtAvaraNa meM sabhI loga Ananda ke sAtha krIr3A karane lge| usa giranAra parvata para zrI kRSNa ne apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha vasanta Rtu kA caitramAsa vyatIta kiyaa| kRSNa kI rAniyA~ bar3I vAcAla thii| unhoMne apane pati se AjJA lekara deva neminAtha ke sAtha vRkSoM va latAoM se ramaNIya vanoM meM krIr3A karane lgii| koI bhAbhI neminAtha kA hAtha pakar3akara vihAra karAne lagI to koI unako vana kI zobhA dikhAne lagI aura koI unheM sAla-tamAla vRkSoM kI TahaniyoM ke paMkhoM se havA karane lgii| kaI bhAbhiyA~ azoka vRkSa ke naye-naye pallavoM se karNAbharaNa yA seharA banAkara unheM pahanAne lgii| koI unheM puSpamAlAe~ pahanAne lagI, koI sira para mAlAe~ bA~dhane lagI aura koI unake sira ko lakSya banAkara usa para puSpa phaiMkane lgii| isa prakAra yuvA nemikumAra bhAbhiyoM ke sAtha vasanta kA Ananda le rahe the| ve bhAbhiyA~ bar3I bhaktibhAva se unakI sevA meM tallIna thii|3 . vasanta Rtu ke bAda. grISma Rtu aaii| taba zrI kRSNa kI priyAe~ nemikumAra se jalakrIr3A kA Agraha karane lgii| giranAra parvata zItala jala ke jharanoM se manamohaka laga rahA thaa| ina jharanoM ke jala se nemikumAra bhaujAiyoM ke Agraha se jalakrIr3A karane lge| yadyapi nemikumAra svataH rAga se parAGmukha the tathApi usa samaya jala meM tairanA, DubakI lagAnA, dUra nikalanA unake lie sAdhAraNa bAta thii| unhoMne apanI bhAbhiyoM ke sAtha vividha jala krIr3Ae~ kii| usa jalakrIr3A se una taruNiyoM kA grISma dAha miTa gyaa| ve tRpta ho gaI unake karNAbharaNa gira gaye, tilaka miTa gaye, AkulatA bar3ha gaI, mekhalA DhIlI ho gii| aba una sabane snAna karake apane-apane vastra bdle|4 taduparAnta neminAtha ne jo snAna karake gIlA vastra chor3A thA, use kRSNa kI atipriyA patnI evaM apanI bhAbhI jAmbavatI se A~kha ke izAre dvArA nicor3ane kA khaa| isa para jAmbavatI burA mAna gaI tathA apanI bhauMhe Ter3hI karake unase kahane lagI ki-aisI AjJA to usake mahAbalavAn nAga zayyA para sone vAle aura zAraMga dhanuSa ko car3hAne vAle zrI kRSNa bhI kabhI nahIM karate, phira Apa koI vicitra puruSa jAna par3ate ho| jo mujhe isa pakAra se gIlA vastra nicor3ane kA Adeza diyA hai| ___ jAmbavatI ke ukta vacana sunakara neminAtha ne kahA ki tUne rAjA kRSNa ke pauruSa kA varNana kiyA hai, saMsAra meM vaha kitanA kaThina hai| itanA kahakara ve avilamba nagara meM gaye aura ve lahalahAte saryoM kI mAlAoM se suzobhita zrI kRSNa kI nAgazayyA para car3ha gye| unhoMne zAraMga dhanuSa ko car3hA kara pratyaMcA se mukta kara diyaa| zaMkha kI dhvani se

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dizAe~ gUMja uThI, hAthiyoM tathA ghor3oM ne apane bandhana tor3a diye, strI-puruSa bhayabhIta ho gaye, mahaloM ke zikhara TUTa gaye tathA zrI kRSNa svayaM ciMtita ho gye| jaba unheM yathAsthiti kI jAnakArI milI, taba ve harSita hue| unhoMne nemikumAra kA AliMgana kara unakA atyadhika satkAra kiyaa| ghara Ane para zrI kRSNa ko jaba yaha vidita huA ki-apanI strI ke nimitta se unheM kAmoddIpana huA hai, taba ve atyadhika prasanna hue| zrI kRSNa ne nemikumAra ke lie vidhipUrvaka bhojavaMziyoM kI rAjakumArI "rAjImatI" kI yAcanA kii| apane svajanoM ko usake pANigrahaNa saMskAra kI sUcanA dI aura samasta rAjAoM ko striyoM sahita apane yahA~ AmaMtrita kiyaa|6 varSA Rtu meM eka dina yuvA nemikumAra dhvajA-patAkAoM se suzobhita ratha para savAra ho aneka rAjakumAroM ke sAtha vivAha ke lie cala pdd'e| prasannatA se yukta rAjImatI tathA nagara kI striyA~ pyAse netroM se nemikumAra ke saundaryarUpI amRta kA pAna karane lgii| kumAra rAjakumAroM ke sAtha upavana meM dhIre-dhIre gamana kara rahe the, usI samaya mArga. meM eka samaya bhaya se jinake mana aura sira kA~pa rahe the, jo atyanta vihvala the, puruSa jinheM roke hue the aura nAnA jAtiyoM se yukta the, aise tRNabhakSI pazuoM ko dekhaa| pazuoM kA bhaya mizrita krandana sunakara nemikumAra ne ratha ko vahI rukavAyA aura sArathi se una pazuoM ke bAre meM puuchaa| sArathi ne vinamratA ke sAtha hAtha jor3akara unase kahA--he nAtha! Apake vivAhotsava meM jo mA~sa-bhojI rAjA Aye haiM, unake lie nAnA prakAra ke mAMsa taiyAra karane ke lie yahA~ pazuoM kA nirodha kiyA gayA hai| sArathI ke uparyukta vacana sunakara nemikumAra ne jinakA hRdaya prANidayA se sarobAra thA, turanta hI una pazuoM ko bAr3e meM se mukta karAyA tathA rAjaputroM ko sambodhita karate hue kahane lage ki gRhamaraNyamaraNyatRNodakAnyazanapAnamatIva niraagsH| mRgakulasya tathApi vadho nRbhirjagati pazyata nighRNatAM nRnnaam|| raNamukheSu raNArjitakIrtayaH karituraMgaratheSvapi nirbhyaan| abhimukhAnabhihantumadhiSThitAnabhimukhAH praharanti na hiitraan|| zarabhasiMhavanadvipayUthapAn prakupitAn parihatya viduurtH| mRgazazAn pRthukAn praharatyamUn kathamivAtra pumAnna viljte|| caraNakaNTakavedhabhayAdbhaTA vidadhate pridhaanumupaanhaam| mRdumRgAn mRgayAsu punaH svayaM nizitazastrazataiH praharanti hi||18 arthAt he rAjaputroM! vana ho jinakA ghara hai, vana ke tRNa aura pAnI hI jinakA bhojanapAna hai aura jo atyanta niraparAdha hai, aise dIna-mRgoM kA saMsAra meM phira bhI manuSya -

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vadha karate haiN| aho! manuSyoM kI nirdayatA to dekho| raNa meM vijaya kIrti prApta karane vAle yoddhA sAmane yoddhAoM para hI prahAra karate haiM, nirbaloM para nhiiN| hAthI, ghor3e aura ratha kA savAra apane se lar3ane ko tatpara AdamI se lar3ane ko taiyAra hotA hai, dUsare para vAra nahIM krtaa| sAmantoM kI yahI nIti hai ki vana ke siMha se bhAge tathA mRga va bakaroM ko mAre, unheM zarma kyoM nahIM AtI? ahA! jo zUravIra paira meM kA~TA cubha jAye isa bhaya se svayaM to jUtA pahanate haiM aura zikAra ke samaya komala mRgoM ko saikar3oM tIkSNa bANoM se mArate haiN| yaha bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai| Aja manuSya bhaya meM bhI itanA mohita ho gayA hai ki sAMsArika duHkha ko dUra karane kA yatna nahIM krtaa| yaha kaha kara nemikumAra virakta mana se dvArikA lauTa gye| vahA~ snAnakara siMhAsana baiThe jahA~ rAjA kRSNa evaM balabhadra baiThe the| tadanantara ve tapa karane uThane lage taba kRSNa, balabhadra va bhojavaMziyoM ne nAnA prakAra se unakA anunaya-vinaya kara, AgA-pIchA samajhAkara unheM rokane kA prayAsa kiyA parantu saba vyrth| jisa prakAra piMjarA tor3akara nikalane meM udyata prabala siMha ko koI nahIM roka sakatA, ThIka usI prakAra tapa ke lie jAne vAle dRr3ha saMkalpI nemikumAra ko rokane meM koI samartha na ho skaa| phira nemikumAra ne apane mAtA-pitA Adi parivAra ke logoM ko apanA nirNaya evaM saMsAra kI sthiti samajhAkara giranAra parvata kI tarapha nikala gye|9 sumeru ke samAna kAMtivAle giranAra parvata para pahu~ca kara nemikumAra ne apane hAthoM se sira ke kuTila kezoM ko ukhAr3a diyA tathA aneka rAjAoM ke sAtha unhoMne dIkSA lii| isI parvata para sahasrAmravana udyAna meM unhoMne kaThora tapa kara siddhi prApta kii| ___ taduparAnta eka bAra baladeva, zrI kRSNa va aneka yAdava loga giranAra parvata para gye| vahA~ bhagavAn neminAtha ne sabako dharmopadeza diyaa| unake dvArA batAye gaye nirmala mokSamArga ko sunakara una sabhI logoM ne unheM namaskAra kiyA evaM apane Apa ko dhanya-dhanya samajhane lge| - vyApaka dharma lAbha ke lie jinendra neminAtha vihAra kara logoM ko upadeza dene lge| nAnA dezoM meM yathAkrama vihAra kara unhoMne kSatriya Adi vargoM ko jaina dharma meM sthira kiyaa| bhadrilapura Ane para vahA~ zrI kRSNa ke chahoM bhAiyoM ne unase dIkSA lii| taduparAnta ve giranAra parvata para rahane lge| eka bAra punaH zrI kRSNa-baladeva va yAdavoM sahita giranAra para bhagavAn se dharma-zravaNa karane aaye| vahA~ baladeva ke pUchane para neminAtha ne dvArikA ke vinAza evaM zrI kRSNa va sabhI yAdavoM kA antakAla kaisA hogA, isakA sampUrNa vRttAnta sunaayaa| dvArikA kA dAha, zrI kRSNa kA paramadhAmagamana va yAdavoM kA vinAza nikaTa jAna kRSNa ke aneka parivArajanoM ne unase dIkSA grahaNa kara mokSamArga ko apnaayaa| - - -

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. zrI kRSNa kA AdhyAtmika rAjapuruSa svarUpa.. harivaMzapurANa meM kRSNa vAsudeva se yukta rAjapuruSa ke rUpa meM citrita hue haiM parantu unakI samasta dhArmika niSThA tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi ke saMdarbha meM nirUpita huI hai| apane cacere bhAI ariSTanemi ko kRSNa ne vairAgya grahaNa karane ke avasara para bahata samajhAyA parantu jaba yaha jAna liyA ki ariSTanemi apane nizcaya para aTala hai, aDiga hai to unhoMne unheM isa sukArya meM tanika bhI bAdhA nahIM pahuMcAI varan unake madada rUpa bne| apanI tapasyA ke AdhAra para ariSTanemi ne siddhi prApta kii| ve loka meM ahaMta ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue|deg unakA dhArmika netRtva aneka logoM ne svIkAra kiyA, taba zrI kRSNa ne kaI bAra giranAra para jAkara unase dharmopadeza sunane kA lAbha prApta kiyaa| neminAtha ne bhI apane vihAra ke samaya aneka bAra dvArikA kA pravAsa kiyaa| ina prasaMgoM meM unhoMne pratyeka bAra dharmasabhAoM kA Ayojana kiyaa| ina dharmasabhAoM meM kRSNa vAsudeva, unake parivArajana tathA dvArikA ke anya nAgarikagaNa unase atyadhika prabhAvita hue| taduparAnta kRSNa vAsudeva ke kinhIM parivArajanoM ne ariSTanemi ke sAnnidhya meM dIkSA prApta kii| zrI kRSNa ke neminAtha se dharmazravaNa ke kucha prasaMga draSTavya hai-zrI kRSNa ne gajakumAra ke vivAha ke samaya giranAra para bhagavAn neminAtha se triSaSTi zalAkApuruSoM kI utpatti ke bAre meM puuchaa| prastAve hariraprAkSIjinendraM praNipatya sH| atyantAdarapUrNecchaH shrotRlokhitecchyaa| arhatAM cakriNAmardhacakriNAM siirdhaarinnaam| utpattiM pratizatrUNAM jinAnAmantarANi c||21 . zrI kRSNa ke prazna ke uttara anusAra jinendra ne triSaSTi zalAkApuruSoM kI utpatti kA vistAra se varNana kara sampUrNa dharmasabhA ko lAbhAnvita kiyaa| harivaMzapurANa ke sAThaveM sarga meM inhIM zalAkApuruSoM kI utpatti ke bAre meM neminAtha kA zrI kRSNa ko jJAnopadeza kA citraNa hai| eka bAra jaba lambe vihAra ke pazcAt neminAtha punaH giranAra para samavasaraNa ko suzobhita karate hue virAjamAna ho gye| usa samaya antaHpura kI rAniyA~, mitrajana, dvArikA kI prajA tathA pradyumna Adi putroM se sahita vasudeva, baladeva tathA zrI kRSNa bhI bar3I vibhUti ke sAtha Aye aura bhagavAn neminAtha ko namaskAra kara samavasaraNa meM yathAsthAna baiTha dharma zravaNa karane lge| 'vasudevo balaH kRSNaH sAntaHpuraH suhRjjnH| dvArikAprajayA yuktaH prdyumnaadisutaanvitH|| - % 3D

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vibhUtyA paramAgatya shaiveymbhivndyte| AsInA samavasthAne dharma shushruvuriishvraat||22 isI dharmasabhA meM baladeva ke pUchane para bhagavAn arhata nemi ne unase yAdavoM tathA dvArikA ke vinAza ke bAre meM bhaviSya kathana khaa| itanA hI nahIM, isa varNana meM unhoMne zrI kRSNa vAsudeva ke dehatyAga evaM bhAvI janma kA bhI bhaviSya khaa| zrI kRSNa ne neminAtha ke vacanAnusAra dvArikA meM madya-niSedha karavAyA tathA logoM se neminAtha se dIkSita hokara tapa karane kI salAha dii| isI ghoSaNA ke AdhAra para pradyumnakumAra, bhAnukumAra tathA rukmiNI, satyabhAmA Adi ATha paTTarAniyoM ne aneka putravadhUoM ke sAtha unase dIkSA dhAraNa kii| saMkSepa meM ina prasaMgoM se eka hI bAta dhvanita hotI hai ki zrI kRSNa ko ariSTanemi ke dharmopadezoM meM vizeSa ruci thii| ve unase upadeza sunate the tathA yadAkadA dharma sambandhI prazna bhI pUchA karate the| kRSNa kA ariSTanemi kI dharmasabhAoM meM upasthita hone tathA dharmopadeza sunane ke aneka prasaMga Alocya kRti meM nirUpita hue haiM, jo unake AdhyAtmika rAjapuruSa svarUpa ko prakaTa karate haiN| zrI kRSNa kA Urdhvalikhita AdhyAtmika rAjapuruSa svarUpa jaina-paramparA kI dena hai| aisA varNana brAhmaNa paramparA meM tanika mAtra bhI nahIM hai, yaha jaina kaviyoM kI navIna udbhAvanA hai jisase janasAdhAraNa prAyaH Aja dina taka aparicita rahA hai| zalAkApuruSa zrI kRSNa :: jaina paramparA ke zrI kRSNa caritra meM zrI kRSNa ke gopIjanapriya evaM rAdhApriya svarUpa kA sarvathA abhAva rahA hai| rAdhA kA nAma jaina paramparAgata kRSNa carita varNana meM kahIM dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| jaina kathAnAyaka zrI kRSNa meM zrRMgArI nAyaka ke svarUpa kA abhAva hai| apekSAkRta unake vIra, zreSTha zalAkApuruSa ke svarUpa kA hI sarvatra varNana huA hai| kAraNa spaSTa hai ki unake anusAra zrI kRSNa apane samaya ke vAsudeva zalAkApuruSa the| isa rUpa meM ve mahAn zaktizAlI, ardhacakravartI rAjA the| unake dvArikA sahita sampUrNa dakSiNa kSetra para prabhAva va prabhutva thaa| __harivaMzapurANa isI mAnyatA para AdhArita kAvyagrantha hone ke kAraNa zrI kRSNa ke bAlyAvasthA se unakI adbhuta vIratA kA varNana karatA hai| jinasenAcArya ne zrI kRSNa ke bAlyakAla kI parAkrama yukta krIr3AoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki unhoMne cANUramalla evaM kaMsa-vadha ke samaya advitIya vIratA evaM parAkrama dikhaayaa| ... harirapi harizaktiH zaktacANUrakaM taM dviguNitamurasI sve haarihuNkaargrbhH| vyatanuta bhujyntraakraantniirndhrnirydvhlrudhirdhaarodgaarmudgiirnnjiivm| dazazataharihastiprobalau sAdhiSUbhAvitihaThahatamallI vIkSya tau shiirikRnnau|

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pracalitavati kaMse zAtanistriMzahaste vycldkhilrNgaambhodhiruttuNgnaadH|| abhipatadarihastAtkhaGgamAkSipya kezeSvatidRDhamatigRhyAhatya bhUmau srossm| vihitaparuSapAdAkarSaNastaM zilAyAM taducitamiti matvAsphAlya hatvA jhaas||22 . 36/43-45 arthAt idhara siMha ke samAna zakti ke dhAraka evaM manohara huMkAra se yukta zrI kRSNa ne cANUra malla ko, jo unase zarIra meM dUnA thA, apane vakSaHsthala se lagAkara bhujayantra ke dvArA itanA jora se dabAyA ki usase atyadhika rudhira kI dhArA bahane lagI aura vaha niSprANa ho gyaa| kRSNa aura balarAma meM eka hajAra siMha tathA hAthiyoM kA bala thaa| isa prakAra akhAr3e meM jaba unhoMne haThapUrvaka kaMsa ke pradhAna malloM ko mAra DAlA to unheM dekha . kaMsa hAtha meM painI talavAra lekara unakI ora claa| usake calate hI samasta akhAr3e kA janasamUha samudra kI bhA~ti joradAra zabda karatA uTha khar3A huaa| zrI kRSNa ne apane sAmane Ate hue zatru ke hAtha se talavAra chIna lI tathA majabUtI se usake bAla pakar3akara use krodha vaza pRthvI para paTaka diyaa| tadanantara usake kaThora pairoM ko khIMcakara, usake yogya 'yahI daNDa hai', yaha vicAra kara use patthara para pachAr3a kara mAra ddaalaa| kaMsa ko mArakara zrI kRSNa ha~sane lge| kaMsa vadha ke samaya unakI aisI vIratA kA varNana sUrasAgara ityAdi meM nahIM milatA hai| rukmiNI-haraNa prasaMga meM AcArya jinasena ne likhA hai ki jaba zrI kRSNa rukmiNI ke haraNa ke pazcAt vApasa lauTa rahe the, usa samaya rukmiNI ke bhAI rukmI tathA cedi nareza zizupAla ne eka vizAla senA lekara zrI kRSNa kA pIchA kiyaa| rukmiNI aniSTa kI AzA se ghabarA gaI parantu zrI kRSNa ne use sAntvanA dete hue kahA ki ityuktvA'sau kSurapreNa kssiprmpraakRtaastrvit| ' ayatnenaiva ciccheda tAlavRkSaM puraH sthitm|| aMgulIyakanaddhaM ca vajaM saMcUrNya praanninaa| tasyAH saMdehamAmUlaM ciccheda ydunndnH||24 arthAt zrI kRSNa ne rukmiNI se kahA ki, he komalahRdaye! bhayabhIta na ho| mujha parAkramI ke rahate hue dUsaroM kI saMkhyA bahuta hone para bhI kyA ho sakatA hai? isa prakAra asAdhAraNa astra ko jAnane vAle zrI kRSNa ne apane bANa se sAmane khar3e tAla ke vRkSa ko anAyAsa hI kATa DAlA tathA aMgUThI meM jar3e hue hIrA ko hAtha se cUrNa kara usake sandeha ko jar3a mUla se naSTa kara diyaa| tadanantara zatru senA ke sAtha unakA bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| isa yuddha meM siMha ke samAna zUravIra zrI kRSNa ne zizupAla kA sAmanA kiyA tathA dvandva-yuddha meM unhoMne apane tIkSNa bANa se zizupAla kA mastaka girA diyaa|25

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kaMsa jarAsaMdha kA dAmAda thaa| jaba zrI kRSNa ne kaMsa kA vadha kiyA to usake pazcAt zrI kRSNa va pAMDava gaNa rAjagRha ke adhipati mahAn zaktizAlI samrAT jarAsaMdha ke kopa bhAjana bne| jarAsaMdha ke lagAtAra AkramaNoM se pratAr3ita hokara yAdavoM ne mathurA pradeza chor3akara sudUra pazcima meM dvArikA meM naye rAjya kI sthApanA kI tathA dakSiNa bharata khaNDa meM apane prabhutva va prabhAva kA vistAra kiyaa| zrI kRSNa kI zakti va yAdavoM ke mAhAtmya kI bAta jaba jarAsaMdha ko jJAta huI to vaha atyanta kupita huaa| yAdavAnAM ca mAhAtmyaM zrutvA raajgRhaadhipH| vaNijaH tArkikebhyazca jAtaH kopaarunnekssnnH||26 usane apane netroM ko lAla karate hue mantriyoM se kahA ki, samudra meM bar3hane vAlI taraMgoM ke samAna bhaMgura zatru Aja taka upekSita kaise rahe / guptacara rUpI netroM se yukta rAjA ke mantrI hI nirmala cakSu hai, phira ve sAmane khar3e rahakara svAmI ko tathA apane Apako dhokhA dete rhe| yadi mahAn aizvarya meM mata rahane vAle maiMne una zatruoM ko nahIM dekhA to Apa logoM ne unheM kyoM nahIM dekhA? yadi zatru utpanna hote hI mahAn prayatna pUrvaka naSTa nahIM kiye to ve kopa ko prApta huI bImAriyoM kI bhA~ti duHkha dete haiN| ye duSTa yAdava mere jAmAtA tathA bhAI aparAjita ko mArakara samudra kI zaraNa meM praviSTa hue haiN| ... taduparAnta jarAsaMdha ne kRSNa va yAdavoM ko naSTa karane ke apanI sainika taiyAriyA~ prArambha kara dI tathA dUta bhejakara yAdavoM ko Adhipatya svIkAra kara lene kA saMdeza bhejA sAparAdhatayA yUyaM ydypyudbhuutbhiityH| durgaM zritAstathApyasmannabhayaM namataitya maam||27 aparAdhI hone ke kAraNa tumane mujha se bhayabhIta hokara durga kA Azraya liyA hai tathApi tuma loga mujhe Akara namaskAra karo to tumheM mujhase bhayabhIta hone kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| dUta kI bAta sunakara zrI kRSNa kupita ho utthe| unhoMne usase kahA ki, senA ke sAtha tumhAre rAjA kA yuddha ke lie satkAra hai| hama saMgrAma ke lie utkaNThita haiN| tadanantara donoM senAe~ Amane-sAmane ho gii| yuddha prArambha ho gyaa| jarAsaMdha dvArA racita aneka cakravyUhoM ko zrI kRSNa, balarAma va neminAtha ne bhedana kiyaa| jarAsaMdha ko apanI senA kI parAjaya jJAta ho gii| usane jAna liyA ki merA maraNa-kAla A cukA hai parantu phira bhI kRSNa se bolA ki, he gopa! cakra na calA kara vyartha samaya kI upekSA kyoM kara rahA hai?28 . jarAsaMdha ke isa prakAra kahane para svabhAva se vinayI kRSNa ne usase kahA ki, maiM cakravartI utpanna ho cukA hU~ isalie Aja se mere zAsana meM rhie| yadyapi yaha spaSTa hai

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ki tuma hamArA apakAra karane meM pravRtta ho tathApi hama namaskAra mAtra se prasanna ho tumhAre apakAra ko kSamA kiye dete haiN| samAna zaktizAlI va balazAlI una donoM zalAkApuruSoM kA eka-dUsare ke Adhipatya meM rahanA saMbhava ho hI nahIM sktaa| phalataH zrI kRSNa ne kupita hokara apanA cakra chodd'aa| usane zIghra jAkara jarAsaMdha ke vakSaHsthala rUpI bhitti ko bheda diyaa| pratApI jarAsaMdha ke vadha ke sAtha hI zrI kRSNa ko ardha-bharata kSetra kA svAmI svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| atrAntare suraistussttaistsminnupussttmmbre| navamo vAsudevo'bhUd vasudevasya nndnH||29 avatIrya vimAnebhyo vsudevaanuyaayinH|| vAsudevaM balopetaM praNemuH praabhRtaanvitaaH||30 / abhiSiktau tataH srvairbhuupairbhuucrkhaicraiH| bharatArdhabibhutve tau prasiddhau raamkeshvau||31 isa prakAra se harivaMzapurANa meM zrI kRSNa caritra varNana meM pratyeka sarga meM kavi ne unakI vIratA, tejasvitA, advitIya parAkrama, apratima zakti sampannatA ityAdi kA hI varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne zrI kRSNa ko nauMvA nArAyaNa sAbita kara unheM vIra puruSa kI zreNI taka hI sImita rakhA hai| phira bhI jaina paramparA unheM bhagavatkoTi meM sammilita karatI hai isalie hI unakI gaNanA tresaTha zalAkApuruSoM yA mahApuruSoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha kI gaI hai| tresaTha zalAkApuruSoM kI gaNanA meM zrI kRSNa navama vAsudeva haiN| unakA pratidvandvI jarAsaMdha navama prativAsudeva hai| balabhadra vAsudeva kA agraja hotA hai| isa samasta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para hama kahanA cAhate haiM ki jaina mAnyatAnusAra kRSNa zalAkApuruSa vAsudeva haiM / unake sampUrNa vyaktitva kA varNana isI mAnyatA ke anukUla hai jisameM unheM mahAna dhanurdhArI, viziSTa baladhAraka, dhIrapuruSa, ucca kulotpanna, ardhabharata kSetra ke svAmI, dIpta teja vAle, pravIra puruSa evaM bhayaMkara yuddha ko bhI vighaTita kara sakane vAle rAjapuruSa rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa ke vivAha harivaMzapurANa meM AcArya jinasena ne zrI kRSNa kI ATha paTTarAniyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jisakA varNana hama kathAvastu ke anuccheda meM kara cuke haiN| parantu purANakAra kA yaha vivecana bhI navIna udbhAvanA para AdhArita hai jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra se hai :

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1. rAjA suketu ne kRSNa ke parAkrama ko sunakara apanI putrI satyabhAmA kA vivAha unake sAtha kara diyaa|32 satyabhAmA kA mAnabhaMga karane ke lie nArada muni ne apanI yojanA dvArA zrI kRSNa se rukmiNI kA haraNa karavAyA, jisase zrI kRSNa ne vidhivat vivAha kiyaa|33 3. nArada muni ke kahane para zrI kRSNa ne jambapura nagara ke vidyAdhara jAmbava kI putrI jAmbavatI kA haraNa kiyA evaM usase vivAha kiyaa| siMhaladIpa ke rAjA zlakSaNaroma ke sAtha zrI kRSNa ne yuddha kiyA evaM usake senApati ko mArakara usakI rUpavatI kanyA lakSmaNA ko hara laaye| dvArikA lAne para usake sAtha unhoMne vivAha kiyaa|35 5. surASTra deza ke rAjA rASTravardhana kI susImA nAmaka kanyA ko prabhAsa tIrtha se zrI kRSNa haraNa kara lAye evaM usase vivAha kiyaa|26 6. sindhu deza ke rAjA vItabhaya kI gaurI nAmaka kanyA ke sAtha bhI zrI kRSNa ne vivAha kiyA evaM usake sAtha sukhapUrvaka rahane lge|7|| ariSTapura nagara ke rAjA hiraNyanAbha kI putrI padmAvatI ko zrI kRSNa svayaMvara ke samaya haThapUrvaka le Aye tathA virodhI senAoM ko naSTa kara raNa meM zUravIratA dikhaaii|38 gAndhAra deza ke indragiri nAmaka rAjA kI gAndhArI nAma kI kanyA kA zrI kRSNa ne haraNa kiyA tathA usase vivAha kiyaa|39 . isa prakAra se zrI kRSNa kI ATha paTTarAniyoM kA ullekha harivaMzapurANa meM milatA hai, jisase pratyeka ke sAtha zrI kRSNa kA vivAha unake parAkrama kA dyotaka hai| itanA hI nahIM susImA, gaurI, padmAvatI tathA gAndhArI kA nAma bhI kavi kI navIna udbhAvanA para AdhArita hai| sUrasAgara meM varNita rAdhA kA varNana harivaMzapurANa meM kahIM nahIM miltaa| purANakAra ne zrI kRSNa ke pratyeka jIvana-prasaMga meM unakI apratima zakti batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ataH unake vivAha prasaMga bhI isI zakti va parAkrama ke paricAyaka hai| . . zrI kRSNa ke sahodara evaM rAjakumAra magadha nareza jarAsaMdha ne apanI putrI jIvadyazA kA vivAha kaMsa ke sAtha kiyaa| kaMsa ne jarAsaMdha kI sahAyatA se mathurA kA rAjya prApta kiyA evaM usane nirdayatA se apane pitA ugrasena ko jItakara kaida kara liyaa|40 vasudeva ke pratyupakAra ke lie kaMsa ne apanI bahina devakI kA vivAha unake sAtha kara liyaa| vasudeva kaMsa ke Agraha se devakI ke sAtha mathurA meM rahane lage tathA kaMsa zUrasena nAmaka vizAla deza kI rAjadhAnI mathurA kA zAsana karane lgaa| eka bAra kaMsa ke bar3e bhAI atimuktaka muni AhAra ke lie rAjamandira meM aaye| -

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vahA~ kaMsa kI strI jIvadyazA namaskAra kara vinamratA dikhAtI huI unake sAmane khar3I ho gaI tathA krIr3A bhAva se kahane lagI ki, yaha ApakI bahina devakI kA Anandavastra hai, use dekhiye| muni saMsAra kI sthiti ko jAnane vAle the unhoMne kahA ki, tUM ha~sI kara rahI hai parantu yaha terI bar3I mUrkhatA hai| tU duHkhadAra : zoka ke sthAna para Ananda prApta kara rahI hai| tU yaha nizcita samajha ki isa devakI ke garbha se jo putra hogA, vaha tere pati va pitA ko mArane vAlA hogaa| yaha aisI honahAra hai ki ise koI TAla nahIM sktaa| bhavitA yo hi devakyA garbhe'vazyamasau shishuH| . . patyuH pituzca te mRtyuritIyaM bhvitvytaa||1 muni ke aise vacana suna jIvadyazA bhayabhIta ho utthii| usakI A~khoM se A~sU nikalane lge| vaha apane pati ke pAsa gaI tathA kahane lagI ki-muni ke vacana satya nikalate haiM, yaha vizvAsa jamAkara usane samasta samAcAra kaha sunaayaa| yaha vRttAnta suna kaMsa ko zaMkA ho gii| vaha tatkSaNa satyavAdI vasudeva ke pAsa gyaa| unheM vizvAsa meM le yaha vara mA~gA ki 'prasUti ke samaya devakI mere hI ghara meM nivAsa kre|' vasudeva ne nirbuddhi hokara kaMsa ko yaha varadAna de diyaa| unheM koI zaMkA nahIM thii| bAda meM jaba unheM isa vRttAnta kA patA calA, taba ve atyanta du:khI hue| usI samaya devakI ke sAtha RddhidhAraka atimuktaka muni ke pAsa gye| unheM praNAma kara, AzIrvacana liyaa| vasudeva ne apane putra ke bAre meM "jo kaMsa ko mArane vAlA thA" puuchaa| muni ne vasudeva ko sampUrNa pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta kaha sunAyA tathA unhoMne kahA ki devakI ke kramazaH nRpadatta, devapAla, anIkadatta, anIkapAla, zatruna tathA nityazatru nAma ke chaH putra hoNge| ye sabhI putra atyanta sadRza evaM samAna rUpa ke dhAraka hoNge| ye sabhI neminAtha kI ziSyatva grahaNa kara mokSa jaayeNge| devakI ke jo sAtavA~ putra hogA vaha atyanta vIra hogA evaM isa bharata kSetra meM nauMvA nArAyaNa hogaa| yaha vRttAnta suna vasudeva devakI ke sAtha atyanta harSa ko prApta hue| taduparAnta unhoMne munirAja se ariSTanemi kA caritra sunA evaM bahuta prasannatA ke sAtha ghara lauTa aaye| pahale ke samAna vasudeva-devakI mathurA meM rahane lage tathA mRtyu kI zaMkA se zaMkita kaMsa unakI nirantara sevA zuzrUSA karane lgaa| tadanantara devakI ke yugala putra utpanna hue, taba indra kI AjJA se sunaigama nAma kA deva una uttama yugala putroM ko uThAkara subhadrila nagara ke seTha sudRSTi ke yahA~ pahu~cA aayaa| usI samaya alakA ke do yugala putra bhAgyavaza utpanna hote hI mara gaye the, unheM naigama deva uThA lAyA evaM devakI ke prasUti gRha meM rakha aayaa| kaMsa ne zaMkA ke sAtha una donoM mRta bAlakoM ko dekhA tathA unake paira pakar3akara zilAtala para pachAr3a diyaa| tadantara devakI ne krama-krama se do yugala aura utpanna kiye| deva ne unheM bhI alakA seThAnI ke pAsa bheja diyaa| usa seThAnI ne chahoM putroM kA

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sukhapUrvaka lAlana-pAlana kiyaa| ve atyanta svarUpavAna the rAthA dhIre-dhIre vRddhi ko prApta hone lge| SaDapyavighnA vasudevaputrAH svpunnyrkssyaastvlkaatihRdyaaH| puroktasaMjJAH sukhalAlitAste zanairavardhanta tto'tiruupaaH||43 taduparAnta devakI ne zravaNa nakSatra meM bhAdramAsa ke zukla pakSa kI dvAdazI tithi ke pavitra dina sAtaveM hI mAsa meM alakSita rUpa se eka putra ko janma diyA, jo kRSNa ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| yaha bAlaka zaMkha, cakra Adi uttamottama lakSaNoM yukta evaM mahAnIlamaNi ke samAna dedIpyamAna thaa| isa bAlaka ko vasudeva vRndAvana meM sunanda ke yahA~ pahu~cA kara Aye tathA usI samaya yazodA se utpanna usakI putrI ko le aaye| kaMsa prasUti ke samAcAra suna prasUtikA gRha meM gyaa| vahA~ nirdoSa kanyA ko dekha kara usakA krodha dUra ho gayA parantu kadAcit isakA pati merA zatru ho sakatA hai, yaha socakara usa kI nAka hAtha se masala kara capaTI kara dii| uparyukta vivaraNAnusAra zrI kRSNa ke chaH bhAI unase bar3e the jinakA alakA seThAnI ke yahA~ lAlana-pAlana ho rahA thaa| samayAnusAra jaba ariSTanemi ne dIkSA dhAraNa kara kaivalya ko prApta kiyA evaM jaba se dharmopadeza ke lie vihAra karane lage, taba se eka bAra malaya nAmaka deza meM aaye| vahA~ ve usake bhadrilapura nagara ke sahasrAmravana meM virAjamAna ho gye| vahA~ usa samaya rAjA nagaravAsI tathA sudRSTi seTha va alakA seThAnI ke yahA~ rahane vAle devakI ke chahoM putra aaye| dharmasabhA meM ariSTanemi kA dharmarUpI amRta sunakara ve chahoM bhAI virakta ho gaye evaM mokSalakSmI pradAna karane vAlI dIkSA ko prApta ho gye| unhoMne ghora tapa kiyaa| tadanantara ve ariSTanemi ke sAtha vihAra karate hue giranAra para Aye tathA vahA~ suzobhita hone lge| . eka bAra zrI kRSNa Adi yAdavoM ke sAtha dvArikAvAsI giranAra para Aye tathA neminAtha se dharmopadeza sunane ke lie vahA~ rahane lge| eka dina dharmakathA pUrNa hone para devakI ne hAtha jor3akara bhagavAn ariSTanemi se pUchA ki, Aja do muniyoM kA jo yugala mere bhavana meM tIna bAra AyA tathA tInoM bAra AhAra liyA, unheM dekhakara mere mana meM una sabameM putroM ke samAna prema utpanna huA hai| devakI ke isa prakAra kahane para bhagavAn ne kahA ki, chahoM muni Apake putra haiM jinako Apane zrI kRSNa ke pahale tIna yugala ke rUpa meM utpanna kiyA thaa| ityukte'kathayannAthastanapAste ssddpymii| yugmatrayatayA sUtA bhavatyA kRssnnpuurvjaaH||4 ___ ariSTanemi ne Age kahA ki ina sabane bhradilapura meM sudRSTi seTha evaM alakA seThAnI ke yahA~ lAlana-pAlana prApta kiyA, dharma zravaNa kara inhoMne merI ziSyatA grahaNa kara siddhi

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prApta kI hai| isa para devakI ne una muniyoM ko namaskAra kiyA evaM zrI kRSNa Adi samasta yAdavoM ne unakI stuti kii| devakI ko yathAsthiti kI jAnakArI milane para vaha atyadhika duHkhI huI kyoMki vaha socane lagI, ki sAta putroM ko janma dekara bhI kisI kA bAlya sukha taka anubhava na kara skii| gajakumAra : tadanantara devakI ne zrI kRSNa ke pazcAt devakRpA se gajakumAra nAma kA dUsarA putra utpanna kiyA, jo vAsudeva ke samAna kAMti kA dhAraka thaa| vaha zrI kRSNa ko atyanta priya thA evaM atyanta zubha thaa| ___ itazca vasudevAbhaM vAsudevamanaH priym| ___ sutaM gajakumArAkhyaM devakI suSuve shubhm||5 ___ jaba kRSNa kA anuja sahodara gajakumAra kanyAoM ke mana ko haraNa karane vAle yauvana ko prApta huA, taba zrI kRSNa ne uttamottama rAjakumAriyoM ke sAtha usakA vivAha kraayaa| somazarmA brAhmaNa kI eka putrI somA nAma kI atyanta sundara thI, jo usakI kSatriya strI se utpanna huI thii| zrI kRSNa ne gajakumAra ke lie usakA bhI varaNa kiyaa| jaba usake vivAha ke prArambha kA samaya AyA to sabhI yAdava atyanta prasanna hue| usI samaya neminAtha vihAra karate hue dvArikA aaye| nagaravAsiyoM dvArA neminAtha kI vandanA kiye jAne para gajakumAra bhI ratha para savAra hokara neminAtha kI vandanA ke lie gyaa| vaha bhagavAn ko namaskAra kara zrI kRSNa ke sAtha dharmasabhA meM baiTha gyaa| neminAtha ne saMsArasAgara se pAra utarane kA ekamAtra upAya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna va samyak caritra rUpI ratnatraya kA dharma nirUpaNa kiyA tathA zrI kRSNa ke pUchane para triSaSTi zalAkA puruSoM kA sampUrNa vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| ___gajakumAra neminAtha se tIrthaMkara Adi kA caritra sunakara saMsAra se bhayabhIta ho gyaa| vaha apane svajanoM ko chor3akara jinendra neminAtha ke samIpa pahu~cA aura unakI anumati se dIkSA grahaNa kara tapa karane ke lie udyata ho gayA zrutvA gajakumAro'sau jinAdicaritaM tthaa| . vimocya sakalAn bandhUn pitRputrpurssraan|| saMsArabhIrurAsAdya jinendraM prshryaanvitm|| gRhItvAnumato dIkSAM tapaH kartuM smudytH||6 tadanantara kisI dina gajakumAra muni rAtri ke samaya ekAnta meM pratimAyoga se virAjamAna ho saba prakAra kI bAdhAe~ sahana kara rahe the ki somazarmA apanI putrI ke tyAga se utpanna krodha rUpI agni ke kaNoM se pradIpta ho usake pAsa aayaa| sthira cittaM ke dhAraka usa

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munirAja ke zira para tIvra agni prajjvalita karane lgaa| usa agni se unakA zarIra jalane lgaa| usI samaya usI avasthA meM zukla dhyAna ke dvArA kRtakevalI ho mokSa cale gye| udhara samayAnusAra neminAtha zrI kRSNa ke chaH bhAIyoM va anya muniyoM ke sAtha nirvANa dhAma ko prApta hue| uparyukta vivaraNAnusAra devakI kI goda se janme zrI kRSNa ityAdi ATha bhAI the| chaH bhAI kramazaH nRpadatta, devapAla, anIkadatta, anIkapAla, zatrughna tathA jitazatru, zrI kRSNa se bar3e evaM gajakumAra unase choTe the| zrI kRSNa ke sivAya sAtoM bhAIyoM ne jinendra ariSTanemi se dIkSA grahaNa kara mo: nArga ko apnaayaa| jinasenAcArya kI yaha navIna udbhAvanA kRSNa caritra ko jaina-paramparA ke anurUpa nirUpita karane kI pratIta ho rahI hai| zrI kRSNa ke putra : jaba zrI kRSNa rukmiNI evaM satyabhAmA jaisI rAniyoM ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka dina vyatIta kara rahe the, taba hastinApura ke rAjA duryodhana ne dUta bhejakara zrI kRSNa ke pAsa yaha samAcAra bhejA ki, ApakI satyabhAmA tathA rukmiNI rAniyoM meM se jisake pahale putra hogA vaha yadi merI putrI utpanna huI to usakA pati hogaa| yaha samAcAra una donoM paTarAniyoM ne bhI jaanaa| samayAnusAra eka hI rAtri ko donoM rAniyoM ne eka-eka uttama putra ko janma diyaa| donoM rAniyoM ne zrI kRSNa ke pAsa rAtri meM hI yaha zubha samAcAra bhejane ke lie dUta bheje| satyabhAmA dvArA bhejA gayA sevaka zrI kRSNa ke sira ke pAsa evaM rukmiNI dvArA bhejA gayA sevaka unake caraNoM kI tarapha khar3A rhaa| zrI kRSNa ke jagane para unakI dRSTi caraNoM kI tarapha pdd'ii| udhara khar3e sevaka ne rukmiNI ke putra janma kA zubha samAcAra sunaayaa| isa para prasanna ho zrI kRSNa ne AbhUSaNa puraskAra meM diye| taduparAnta satyabhAmA ke sevaka ne bhI putrotpatti kA samAcAra sunaayaa| santuSTa ho use bhI zrI kRSNa ne puraskAra meM dhana diyaa| putra janma kI chaThI rAtri ko AkAzamArgI dhUmaketu nAma ke eka asura ne pUrvabhava ke vaira ke kAraNa rAtri ke samaya sabhI ko mahAnidrA meM magna kara putra kA apaharaNa kara liyA evaM Age jAkara eka zilA ke nIce usa bAlaka ko rakha vaha adRzya ho gyaa| tadanantara vihAra ko nikale hue meghakUTa kA rAjA kAlasaMvara apanI patnI kanakamAlA ke sAtha usI sthAna para aayaa| unhoMne usa bAlaka ko apane sAtha le liyA tathA usakA rAjakumAra kI bhA~ti lAlana-pAlana kiyaa| svarNa ke samAna kAnti kA dhAraNa hone se usa bAlaka kA nAma pradyumna rkhaa| udhara rukmiNI jAgRta hokara putra ko apane pAsa na dekhakara atyanta vikala ho gii| zrI kRSNa ne sAMtvanA dI evaM apane putra ko khojane kA ve prayAsa karane lge| itane meM mahAmuni nArada vahA~ Aye, unhoMne kahA ki, maiM zIghra hI tumhAre putra kA samAcAra lAtA huuN| tuma zoka na kro| nArada muni sImandhara bhagavAn ke pAsa gaye, vahA~ se -

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samAcAra lAe ki, usa bAlaka kA nAma pradyumna rakhA hai, vaha solahaveM varSa apane mAtApitA ko punaH milegaa| ___ kAlasaMvara ke vahA~ rahate hue pradyumna ne aneka vidyAe~ sikhIM evaM vaha astrasaMcAlana meM pAraMgata huaa| udhara zrI kRSNa kI paTarAnI satyabhAmA kA, jo putra utpanna huA, usakA nAma bhAnu rakhA gyaa| vaha bhAnu bhI prAta:kAla ke sUrya ke samAna apanI mahimA se bar3hane lgaa| bhAmAyAstanujaH zrImAn bhaanubhaamnnddldyutiH| bhAnurnAmnA mahimnAsau vavRdhe baalbhaanuvt|| rukmiNI kA putra pradyumna kAmadeva pada kA dhAraka thaa| vaha atizaya kuzala tathA zUravIra thaa| kAlasaMvara ne use yuvarAja pada para abhiSikta kiyaa| isase kAlasaMvara ke anya putroM ne pradyumna ko mArane kA prayAsa kiyA parantu ve isa kAma meM saphala na ho ske| eka bAra aneka vijayoM ko prApta kara vaha kanakamAlA ke yahA~ gyaa| kanakamAlA usake rUpa para mohita ho gii| usane use apanA abhiprAya sunAyA, parantu pradyumna ne use mAtA tathA putra kA sambandha btaayaa| taduparAnta kanakamAlA se usane apanI prApti kI bAta sunI parantu kAmamohita kanakamAlA kA manoratha pUrNa na karane ke kAraNa kanakamAlA ne krodhavaza kAlasaMvara ko prapaMca sunAkara pradyumna ko mArane ke lie khaa| kAlasaMvara ke pA~ca sau putroM ne use mArane kA prayAsa kiyA parantu pradyumna ne unheM mAra giraayaa| putroM kA samAcAra suna kAlasaMvara ne pradyumna se yuddha kiyA parantu vaha bhI usase hAra gyaa| usI samaya nArada muni vahA~ Aye evaM unhoMne pradyumna ko usake jIvana kA sampUrNa vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| ___ taduparAnta pradyumna va nArada muni vimAna meM baiTha dvArikA kI tarapha prayANa karane lge| rAste meM jAte samaya ve duryodhana kI putrI udadhikumArI ko lete hue dvArikA phuNce| putra ko dekhate hI rukmiNI atyanta prasanna huii| AcArya jinasena ke zabdoM meM "putra ke darzanarUpI amRta se sIMcI huI rukmiNI ke zarIra meM pratyeka romakUpa se romAMca nikala aaye| usase aisA jAna par3atA thA ki mAnoM putra kA sneha hI phUTa-phUTakara prakaTa ho rahA ho / 50 tadanantara pradyumna ne zIghra hI apanA pratApa batAne ke lie rukmiNI ko Upara uThA AkAza meM khar3A ho kahane lagA ki, samasta yAdavo ! suno, maiM tuma logoM ke dekhatedekhate lakSmI kI bhA~ti sundara zrI kRSNa kI priyA rukmiNI kA haraNa kara le jA rahA huuN| he yAdavo ! zakti ho to rakSA kro| isa para sabhI yAdava caturaMga senA ke sAtha yuddha ke lie bAhara nikle| pradyumna vidyAbala se yAdavoM kI saba senA ko mohita kara AkAza meM sthita zrI kRSNa ke sAtha cirakAla taka yuddha karatA rhaa| usane zrI kRSNa ke astra-kauzala ko naSTa kara diyA; taba nArada ne pitA-putra kA sambandha batAkara donoM vIroM ko yuddha karane se rokaa| pradyumna ko pAkara zrI kRSNa parama harSa ko prApta hue|

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unhoMne santuSTi ke sAtha semA sahita nagara meM praveza kiyaa| tadanantara pradyumna ke uttamottama kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha hue| zrI kRSNa kI paTarAnI jAmbavatI se zamba nAmaka putra utpanna huaa| zamba bhI pradyumna ke samAna atyanta parAkramI va vIra thaa| usane rukmiNI ke bhAI rukmI kI "vaidarbhI" nAmaka kanyA kA haraNa kiyaa| eka bAra zamba kI vIratA para prasanna ho zrI kRSNa ne use vara mA~gane kA khaa| isa para usane eka mAsa kA rAjya mA~ga apane viparIta kriyAyeM kii| isase zrI kRSNa ne usa para kopa kiyA evaM durAcArI zamba ko tAr3anA dii|51 harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra prachu, bhAnu .. mA zamba ke alAvA zrI kRSNa ke subhAnu, mahAbhAnu, subhAnuka, vRhadratha, agnizikha, viSNujaya, akampana, mahAsena, dhIra, gambhIra, udadhi, gotama, vasudharmA, prasenajita, sUrya, candravarmA, cArukRSNa, sucAru, devadatta, bharata evaM zaMkha ityAdi putra the| ye sabhI putra astra-zastra evaM zAstra meM nipuNa tathA yuddha meM kuzala the|52 draupadI-haraNa evaM zrI kRSNa dvArA use vApisa lAnA : harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra draupadI mAkandI nagarI ke rAjA drupada kI putrI thI, jisakA zarIra rUpa-lAvaNya tathA aneka kalAoM se alaMkRta thaa| vaha apane saundarya ke viSaya meM sAnI nahIM rakhatI thii|53 rAjA drupada ne gANDIva nAmaka dhanuSa ko gola karane evaM candraka-vadha ko usake vara kI parIkSA kA sAdhana nizcita kiyaa| . isa ghoSaNA ko suna aneka rAjA vahA~ Aye, para ve apane lakSya meM saphala na ho ske| usI samaya pANDava bAraha varSa kA ajJAtavAsa pUrNa kara svayaMvara sabhA meM upasthita hue| arjuna ne apane lakSya ko bedha diyaa| usI samaya draupadI ne Akara vara kI icchA se arjuna kI grIvA meM varamAlA DAla dii| parantu mauke kI bAta, vaha mAlA TUTa gaI aura havA ke jhoMke se pAsa meM khar3e hue pA~coM pANDavoM ke zarIra para jA pdd'ii| kisI vivekahIna capala manuSya ne yaha jora-jora se kahanA zurU kiyA ki, isa rAjakumArI ne pA~coM rAjakumAroM ko varA hai|54 . isa kathana kI puSTi jinasenAcArya ne Age bhI kI hai ki yudhiSThira va bhIma draupadI ko bahU jaisA mAnate the tathA nakula va sahadeva mAtA ke smaan| draupadI bhI yudhiSThira va bhIma ko apane zvasura ke samAna sammAna detI thI tathA nakula va sahadeva ko devaroM ke anurUpa mAnatI thii|5 . jaba pANDava hastinApura meM yathAyogya rIti se rAjya kara rahe the, usa samaya kruddha hRdaya tathA svabhAva se kalaha premI nArada pANDavoM ke pAsa aaye| pANDavoM ne nArada muni kA Adara-satkAra kiyaa| parantu jaba ve draupadI ke mahala meM gye| usa samaya vaha AbhUSaNa

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dhAraNa meM magna hone se nArada ke Agamana ko na jAna skii| phalasvarUpa nArada krodhita ho vahA~ se nikala gaye evaM draupadI ko du:kha dene kA socane lge|56 nArada draupadI ke mAnabhaMga kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara aMga deza kI nagarI amarakaMkApurI meM gye| vahA~ unhoMne strIlampaTa padmanAbha rAjA ko dekhaa| rAjA padmanAbha ne nArada ko AtmIya jAnakara apanA antaHpura dikhAyA tathA pUchA ki, aisA striyoM kA rUpa kahIM anyatra dekhA hai, tadanantara nArada ne draupadI ke rUpa-lAvaNya kI prazaMsA kI aura draupadI kA patA batAkara ve cale aaye|57 padmanAbha ne draupadI ko lAne ke lie pAtAla loka ke saMgamaka nAmaka deva ko bhejaa| tadanantara vaha deva sotI huI draupadI ko padmanAbha kI nagarI meM uThA laayaa| rAjA padmanAbha ne devAMganA ke samAna draupadI ko dekhaa| yadyapi draupadI jAga uThI thI evaM nidrA rahita ho gaI thI; tathApi-"yaha svapna hai" isa prakAra zaMkA karatI huI bAra-bAra so rahI thii| netroM ko banda karane vAlI draupadI kA abhiprAya jAnakara rAjA padmanAbha dhIre se usake pAsa AyA tathA kahane lagA ki, he vizAlalocane! yaha svapna nahIM hai, yaha dhAtakI khaMDa hai evaM maiM rAjA padmanAbha huuN| nArada ne mujhe tumhAre rUpa ke bAre meM batAyA thA tathA mere AdhArita deva tumheM yahA~ lAyA hai|8 ___ yaha vacana suna mahAsatI draupadI socane lagI-aho ! atyanta dAruNa duHkha A par3A hai| jaba taka arjuna ke darzana nahIM hoMge taba taka anna-jala evaM zRMgArAdi kA tyAga rhegaa| aisA kahakara usane arjuna ke dvArA chor3ane yogya veNI ko bA~dha liyaa| __ tadanantara vaha padmanAbha ko kahane lagI ki, baladeva tathA kRSNa nArAyaNa mere bhAI haiM, arjuna jaisA dhanurdhArI merA pati hai| pati ke bar3e bhAI mahAvIra bhIma atizaya vIra haiM aura pati ke choTe bhAI sahadeva evaM nakula yamarAja ke samAna haiN| jala va sthala mArga se unheM koI nahIM roka sktaa| isalie he rAjan! yadi tU apanA kalyANa cAhatA hai to sarpiNI ke samAna mujhe zIghra hI vApasa bheja de| parantu padmanAbha ne ahaMkAra vaza draupadI kA kahanA nahIM maanaa|60 taba draupadI ne apanI buddhi se eka upAya socakara kahane lagI ki, he rAjan ! yadi mere AtmIya jana eka mAsa ke bhItara yahA~ nahIM Ate haiM to tumhArI jo icchA ho vaha krnaa| padmanAbha ne usakI bAta mAna lii| vaha apanI striyoM ke sAtha use anukUla karatA aura lubhAtA parantu vaha apane nizcaya para dRr3ha rhii| ___idhara jaba draupadI akasmAta adRzya ho gaI, taba pA~coM pANDava kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho atyanta vyAkula ho gye| jaba ve svayaM ko nirupAya mahasUsa karane lage, taba unhoMne zrI kRSNa ko yaha samAcAra khaa| yaha suna zrI kRSNa sahita sabhI yAdava atyanta duHkhI hue| unhoMne samasta bharata kSetra meM draupadI kI khoja kI parantu vaha nahIM milI, taba unhoMne -

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samajha liyA ki koI kSudra-vRttivAlA vyakti ise hara kara le gayA hai| sabhI yAdava usake samAcAroM ko tatpara the ki eka dina nArada muni vahA~ aaye| yAdavoM ne unakA satkAra kiyaa| pUchane para nArada muni ne kahA ki, maiMne draupadI ko dhAtakI khaNDa dvIpa kI amarakaMkApurI meM rAjA padmanAbha ke ghara dekhA hai| vaha atyanta duHkhI hai| Apa jaise bhAIyoM ke rahate vaha zatru ke ghara meM kyoM raha rahI hai? draupadI ke samAcAra suna kRSNa atyanta harSita hue| ve apakAra ke sAtha upakAra karane vAle nArada kI prazaMsA karane lge|61 zrI kRSNa zatru ke prati dveSa prakaTa kara lavaNa-samudra ke adhiSThAtA deva kI ArAdhanA kara pA~coM pANDavoM ke sAtha turanta hI amarakaMkApurI ke udyAna meM pahu~ca gye| khabara pAte hI padmanAbha caturaMga senA lekara yuddha ke lie AyA parantu yuddha meM unheM itanA mArA ki usakI senA bhAga kara nagara meM ghusa gii| padmanAbha ne nagara ke dvAra banda kara diye| nagara ke dvAra lAMghanA pANDavoM ke vaza meM nahIM thaa| taba zrI kRSNa ne svayaM apane paira ke AghAtoM se dvAra ko tor3anA prArambha kiyaa| unake paira ke AghAMta vaz2a ke prahAra the| itanA hI nahIM unhoMne nagara kI samasta bAhya evaM Abhyantara bhUmi ko bhI tahasa-nahasa kara ddaalaa| prAkAra aura gopura TUTa gaye, bar3e-bar3e mahala va zAlAoM ke samUha girane lage, madonmatta hAthI va ghor3e idhara-udhara daur3ane lage, samasta nagara meM hAhA kAra ho gyaa| bibheda pAdanirghAtairnirghAtairiva naagriim| bahirantarbhuvaM vizvAM bhrshytpraakaargopuraam|| pttpraasaadshaalaughairdhaamynmttebhvaajini| vipralApamahArAve pure jAte jnaakule||62 -- isa para drohI rAjA padmanAbha nirupAya ho draupadI ke pAsa gayA tathA use kSamA mA~gane lgaa| draupadI parama dayAlu thii| usane kahA ki, tU strI kA deha dhAraNa kara cakravartI kRSNa ke caraNa meM jA kyoMki jo bhIru hai tathA bhIrujanoM kA veza dhAraNa karate haiM, ve usa para dayA karate haiN| draupadI ke kahAnusAra padmanAbha strI kA veza dhAraNa kara zrI kRSNa ke caraNa meM gyaa| zrI kRSNa zaraNAgatoM kA bhaya harane vAle the ataH unhoMne use abhayadAna dekara apane sthAna para vApasa bhejaa| mAtra usake sthAna va nAma meM parivartana kara diyaa| draupadI ne Akara zrI kRSNa ke caraNoM meM namaskAra kiyA evaM pANDavoM ke sAtha yathAyogya vinaya kA vyavahAra kiyaa| tadanantara zrI kRSNa ne draupadI ko ratha meM baiThAkara samudra ke kinAre apanA zaMkha bjaayaa| usakI AvAja suna vahA~ para sthita kapila nArAyaNa ne zrI kRSNa kA sAkSAtkAra kiyAM / tatpazcAt zrI kRSNa va pANDava draupadI sahita pahale kI bhA~ti mahAsAgara ko zIghra pAra kara usa taTa para A gye|52 -

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zrI kRSNa dvArA pANDavoM para kupita honA :___ jaba zrI kRSNa draupadI ko padmanAbha se chur3Akara vApasa le Aye usa samaya zrI kRSNa to samudra taTa para vizrAma karane lage parantu pANDava cale gye| pANDavoM ne naukA ke dvArA gaMgA ko pAra kiyA tathA ve dakSiNa taTa para tthhre| bhIma kA svabhAva krIr3A karane kA thA ataH usane isa pAra Ane ke bAda naukA ko taTa para chipA diyaa| pIche jaba draupadI ke sAtha zrI kRSNa Aye aura unhoMne pANDavoM se pUchA ki, Apa loga gaMgA ko kisa taraha pAra hue haiM to zrI kRSNa kI ceSTA ko jAnane ke icchuka bhIma ne kahA ki, hama loga bhujAoM se taira kara Aye haiN| zrI kRSNa bhIma ke kathana ko satya mAna gaMgA ko pAra karane kI zIghratA karane lge| zrI kRSNa ne ghor3oM aura sArathI ke sahita ratha ko eka hAtha meM uThA liyA tathA do jaMghAoM se gaMgA ko isa taraha pAra kara liyA jisa taraha mAno vaha ghoMTU barAbara hI ho| rathamuddhRtya hastena saashvsaarthimcyutH| jAnudaghnamivottIrNastAM jaMghAbhyAM bhujena c||64 tadanantara Azcaryacakita aura Anandita ho pANDavoM ne zIghra hI sAmane jAkara namrIbhUta ho zrI kRSNa kA AliMgana kiyA tathA unakI apUrva zakti se paricita ho ve unakI stuti karane lge| tatpazcAt bhIma ne svayaM kahA "yaha to maiMne ha~sI kI thii|" yaha suna zrI kRSNa usI samaya pANDavoM se viraktatA ko prApta ho gye| unhoMne pANDavoM ko phaTakArate hue kahA ki, are nindya pANDavo ! maiMne saMsAra meM tuma logoM ke dekhate-dekhate aneka bAra amAnuSika kArya kiye haiN| phira isa gaMgA pAra karane meM kauna sI bAta merI parIkSA karane meM samartha thii| isa prakAra ve pANDavoM ko kahakara unake sAtha hastinApura gye| vahA~ subhadrA ke putra Arya-sUnu ko samasta rAjya pradAna kara diyA evaM pANDavoM ko krodha vaza unhoMne vahA~ se vidA kiyaa| tadanantara pANDavoM ne dakSiNI samudra taTa para pANDu-mathurA nAma kI nagarI basAyI tathA zeSa jIvana vahA~ nivAsa kiyaa| dvArikA-vinAza va kRSNa kI kAla prApti ke samAcAra suna pANDavoM ko saMsAra se virakti ho gyii| unhoMne ariSTanemi se dIkSA lI evaM AjIvana tapa kiyaa| uparyukta prakAra se harivaMzapurANa meM varNita zrI kRSNa kA pANDavoM ko sahAya, draupadI kA haraNa, zrI kRSNa dvArA use chur3AnA evaM zrI kRSNa kA pANDavoM para kupita honA ityAdi sabhI prasaMga jaina AgamoM ke pANDavoM sambandhI vRttAntoM kA hI vistRta rUpa hai| jinasenAcArya ne zrI kRSNa carita ke anya prasaMgoM kI bhA~ti isa prasaMga meM bhI pUrNa rUpa se jaina-paramparA kI chApa khar3I karane hetu prasaMgoM ko kalpanA ke AdhAra para navIna evaM vistRta svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| - - % 3D

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zrI kRSNa kI bahana evaM durgA : zrI kRSNa ke janma ke samaya jaba vasudeva bAla kRSNa ke badale yazodA kI putrI ko lAye the, taba mathurAnareza kaMsa ne usa bAlA kI nAka capaTI kara dI thii| tadanantara isI kanyA (zrI kRSNa kI choTI bahana) ne jagata meM uttama candramA ke samAna prathama yauvana ke bahuta bhArI bhAra ko dhAraNa kiyaa| __AcArya jinasena ne isa kanyA ke rUpa-lAvaNya kA sundara citra prastuta kiyA hai| unake anusAra vaha kanyA sUkSma, komala aura atyanta kAlI romarAzi se, manuSyoM ke netroM ko Ananda dene vAlI, apanI nAbhi kI gaharAI se tathA zarIra ke madhya meM sthita trivaliyoM kI vicitratA se samasta sundara striyoM ke bIca atyadhika suzobhita hone lgii| vakSaHsthala para atyanta nIla cUcuka se yukta kaThora gola aura sthUla stanoM kA bhAra dhAraNa karane se vaha kanyA aisI sundara lagatI thI mAno "amRta-rasa" kA ghaTa girakara kahI naSTa na ho jAye, isa bhaya se indranIla maNi kI majabUta muhara se yukta dedIpyamAna suvarNa ke do kalaza hI dhAraNa kara rahI ho| zirISa ke phUla ke samAna komala moTI aura uttama kandhoM se yukta uttama kamala kI kauMti ke samUha ke samAna lAla hathelI rUpI pallavoM se sahita, kurubaka ke phUla ke samAna lAla evaM sundara nakha-rUpI puSpoM se suzobhita tathA kozoM kA AvaraNa karane vAlI aMguliyoM se yukta bhujA rUpI latAoM se vaha atyadhika suzobhita hone lgii| komala zaMkha ke samAna kaMTha, ThuDDI aura adharoSTha rUpI bimbIphala, prakRSTa hAsya se yukta zveta kapola, kuTila bhauMhe, lalATa taTa evaM dviguNita komala nIlakamala se uttama 'DaNThala ke samAna mAno kAnoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlI aura sapheda, kAle tathA vizAla netroM se sahita vaha kanyA cirakAla taka atyadhika suzobhita hone lgii|15 ___eka dina zarIra-dhAriNI sarasvatI ke samAna usa kanyA ko baladeva ke putroM ne Akara namaskAra kiyA tathA jAte samaya uddaNDatA pUrNa svabhAva se "cipaTI nAka vAlI" kaha kara cir3hA diyaa| isa para ekAnta meM usane darpaNa meM apanA pratibimba dekhA, jisase vaha lajjita ho virakta ho gii| - tadanantara usane suvratA nAmaka gaNinI ke caraNoM kI zaraNa prApta kii| eka bAra usane vratadhara nAmaka muni se apane kurUpa ke bAre meM pUchA ki-"yaha mere pUrva bhava ke kisa pApa kA phala hai?" muni ne use usakA pUrvabhava sunAyA tathA kahA ki pUrvabhava meM tU puruSa thA tathA tUne eka muni para gAr3I calA dI thI, jisase unakI nAka cipaka gyii| terI kurUpatA usI kI phalazruti hai| 'guru ke aise vacana suna usane samasta bandhuoM ko chor3a kAle kezoM ko ukhAr3a kara AryikA kA vrata dhAraNa kara liyaa| vaha vrata-guNa, saMyama tathA upavAsa Adi tapoM se vizuddha bhAvanAoM ko prApta karane lgii| tadanantara eka dina vaha sahadharmiNiyoM ke sAtha vindhyAcala ke

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vizAla vana meM jA niklii| rAtri ke samaya vaha pratimA tulya AryikA kisI mArga ke sammukha pratimAyoga meM virAjamAna ho gyii| usI samaya kisI dhanI saMgha para AkramaNa karane ke lie bhIloM kI eka senA vahA~ AI tathA usane pratimAyoga meM virAjamAna usa AryikA ko dekhaa| bhIloM ne vanadevI samajha kara usase varadAna mA~gA ki yadi Apake prasAda ke phalasvarUpa hama loga nirupadrava dhana ko prApta kareMge to hama Apake pahale dAsa hoNge| aisA manoratha kara bhIloM ko samUha yAtriyoM ke samUha para TUTa par3A tathA unheM lUTakara kRtakRtya ho gye|68 udhara jaba bhIla loga usa AryikA ke darzana kara lUTa ke lie Age bar3he, taba vahA~ eka siMha ne Akara ghora upasarga zuru kiyaa| upasarga dekha, usane bar3I zAMti se samAdhi dhAraNa kI tathA maraNa-paryanta ke lie anazanapUrvaka rahane kA niyama liyaa| tadanantara vaha pratimAyoga meM hI mara kara svarga gii| AryikA kA zarIra siMha ke nakha aura DAr3hoM ke agrabhAga meM vidIrNa hone ke kAraNa yadyapi chUTa gayA thA, tathApi usake hAtha kI tIna aMguliyA~ zeSa raha gii| yahI tIna aMguliyA~ una bhIloM ko vApasa Ane para dikhAI dii| bhIloM ne AryikA ko AkulatA ke sAtha idhara-udhara dekhA parantu vaha nahIM dikhAI dii| anta meM unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki varadAna dene vAlI yaha devI rudhira meM hI santoSa dhAraNa karatI hai, isI se yaha bhUmi rakta raMjita ho gaI hai| unhoMne hAtha kI tIna aMguliyoM ko vahIM devatA ke rUpa meM virAjamAna kara diyA tathA bar3e-bar3e bhaisoM ko mArakara use khUna evaM mA~sa kI bali car3hAnI zurU kii| yadyapi vaha AryikA parama dayAlu, evaM niSpApa thI parantu isa saMsAra meM mA~sa ke lobhI mUrkhajana bhIloM ke dvArA dikhalAye gaye mArga se calakara usI samaya se bhaiMsoM Adi pazuoM ko mArane lge|69 ___uparyukta vivaraNAnusAra zrI kRSNa kI choTI bahina jisane AryikA kA vrata dhAraNa kiyA thA parantu vana meM siMha dvArA mArane para usakI zeSa rahI tIna aMguliyoM ko hI (trizUla) deva mAnakara loga use bali car3hAne lge| arthAt saMsAra meM isI kanyA ko durgA . mAnakara usakI pUjA kI jAne lgii| mahAmuni nArada vRttAnta : zAstroM meM nArada muni ko bahuta hI mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| ve sazarIra svarga loka, mRtyuloka meM phira sakate haiN| nArada bhagavAn ke priyabhakta tathA muni the, jinako maharSi bhI kahA jAtA thA, samAcAroM ke AdAna-pradAna meM unako vizeSa yogyatA hAsila thii| harivaMzapurANa meM bhI nArada muni kA ullekha milatA hai parantu isa varNana meM bhI kavi ne apanI maulikatA ke AdhAra para navIna rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| nArada kI utpatti kA varNana karate hue granthakAra ne likhA hai ki, somapura se sumitrA nAmaka tApasa aura somayazA nAmaka strI se candrakA~ti ke samAna eka putraratna utpanna huaa| eka dina bAlaka ko vRkSa ke nIce rakhakara ve donoM uJchavRtti ke lie cale gye| itane meM jRmbhakadeva pUrvabhava ke sneha se

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usa bAlaka ko vaitADhya parvata para le gyaa| usane usakA kalpavRkSoM se utpanna AhAra dvArA bharaNa-poSaNa kiyaa| ATha varSa kI avasthA meM use jinAgama aura AkAzagAminI vidyA pradAna kii| yahI bAlaka Age calakara nArada ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| harivaMzapurANa ke vivaraNAnusAra nArada aneka vidyAoM ke jJAtA tathA nAnA zAstroM meM nipuNa the| ve sAdhu veza meM rahate the tathA sAdhuoM ke vaiyAvRtya se saMyamAsaMyama dezavrata prApta kiyA thaa| ve kAma ko jItane vAle hokara bhI kAma ke samAna vibhrama ko dhAraNa karane vAle the| ve kAmI manuSyoM ko priya, hAsyasvabhAva, alolupa, caramazarIrI, niSkaSAyI tathA yuddha priya the| mahAn atizayoM ko dekhane kA kautuhala hone se ve loka meM vibhramaNa karate ' the|70 zrI kRSNa parivAra kI jaina dharma meM dIkSA :____ harivaMzapurANakAra jinasenAcArya kA jaina muni hone ke kAraNa, unake pratyeka varNana meM jaina dharma kI mahattA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isI uddezya se unhoMne zrI kRSNaparivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM ke jaina-dharma meM dIkSita hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| sarvaprathama ariSTanemi jo ki zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the, unhoMne jaina dharma meM dIkSA lekara tapa kiyA evaM kaivalya jJAna kI prApti kii| neminAtha ke dharmopadeza se hI samasta zrI kRSNa parivAra prabhAvita thA, ataH samayAnusAra sabhI logoM ne unase dIkSA grahaNa kii| .: zrI kRSNa bhI neminAtha se atyadhika prabhAvita the| ve kaI bAra unase dharmopadeza sunane ke lie dvArikA se giranAra gye| isake alAvA jaba bhI neminAtha vihAra karate dvArikA Aye, usa samaya bhI zrI kRSNa ne unakA bhavya svAgata kiyA tathA unakI dharma sabhA meM apanI upasthiti dii| zrI kRSNa ne pravRtti kA mArga pakar3a rakhA thA, ataH unake dvArA dIkSA lekara muni honA sambhava nahIM thaa| zrI kRSNa ke mAtA-pitA vasudeva va devakI bhI jaina dharma se pUrNatayA prabhAvita the| unake yahA~ atimuktaka munirAja AyA karate the tathA unheM dharmopadeza sunAyA karate the| dvArikA-vinAza ke samaya zamba evaM aneka caramazarIrI yAdava jaina dharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kara parvatoM kI guphAoM meM tapa karane lage the| zambAdyAstu tadAneke yaadvaashcrmaanggkaaH| puryA niSkramya niSkrAntAstasthurgiriguhAdiSu // 72 _itanA hI nahIM, vasudeva ityAdi aneka yAdavoM ne bhI jaina dharma se prabhAvita ho sannyAsa dhAraNa kiyaa| baladeva ke putroM ne bhI jinendra bhagavAn se dIkSA grahaNa kii|

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zrI kRSNa-vadha ke uparAnta baladeva ne bhI paMcamuSTiyoM se apane sira ke bAla ukhAr3a kara muni dIkSA dhAraNa kii| pallavasthajinanAthaziSyatAM saMsRto'smyahamihasthito'pi sn| .. ityudIrya jagRhe munisthitiM paJcamuSTibhiravAsya muurdhjaan||73 . devakI ke chaH putra tathA zrI kRSNa ke agraja, kRSNa ke anuja gajakumAra tathA unake putra pradyumna Adi rAjakumAroM ne pUrva meM hI jaina dharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| isa prakAra se zrI kRSNa svayaM pUrNatayA jaina dharma se prabhAvita the evaM unake parivAra meM devakI, vasudeva, zrI kRSNa ke sahodara, putra zamba, pradyumna tathA rukmiNI, satyabhAmA Adi paTarAniyA~, cacere bhAI ariSTanemi, unakI patnI rAjImatI, zrI kRSNa ke agraja baladeva tathA unake putra ityAdi sabhI ne jaina dharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| AcArya jinasena ne ina prasaMgoM ko bar3I hI mArmikatA ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA hai| niSkarSa : jinasenAcArya ne apanI kRti meM aneka navIna udbhAvanAoM ko janma diyA hai, jo kavi kI maulikatA para AdhArita hai / ina vicAroM se adyatana jainettara samAja sAmAnyataH paricita nahIM hai| purANakAra ne kRSNa-caritra varNana meM jo nayA parantu kavi ne apanI kalpanA zakti ke AdhAra para use aisA navIna rUpa pradAna kiyA hai jo kavi kI svataMtra maulikatA kA paricAyaka hai| unhoMne AgamoM se mAtra eka sUtra ke rUpa meM yA saMketa ke rUpa meM jo kathya prApta kiyA, use apanI pratibhA ke sahAre pragAr3ha bauddhikatA se vivecita kiyA hai| purANakAra ne aise navya prasaMgoM ko ullekhita kara apanI paramparA ko jIvaMta banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai jisameM unheM pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| ho sakatA hai jaina paramparA meM varNita "kRSNa" alaga hI ho tathA harivaMzapurANa meM usa kRSNa caritra kI brAhmaNa paramparA ke kRSNa ke sAtha samanvita rUpa se nirUpita kiyA ho| yaha eka svataMtra zodha kA viSaya hai| ___ harivaMzapurANa meM varNita zrI kRSNa kA ariSTanemi kA cacerA bhAI honA, kRSNa ke sAtoM bhAIyoM ko jaina-dharma meM dIkSita honA, zrI kRSNa kI bahina kA durgA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita honA, zrI kRSNa dvArA jarAsaMdha kA vadha karanA, mahAbhArata kA yuddha na hokara kRSNa evaM jarAsaMdha kA hI nirNAyaka yuddha honA, kRSNa kA navama vAsudeva tathA jarAsaMdha kA prativAsudeva honA ityAdi bAteM isa purANa kI pramukha evaM mahattvapUrNa navInatAe~ haiM, jo jainetara sAhitya ke kRSNa caritra varNana meM kahIM nahIM miltii| ye navInatAe~ Aja bhI sahRdaya pAThakoM ko Azcarya meM DAlatI haiM lekina kavi apanI kalpanA kI ur3Ana bhara sakatA hai yA ho sakatA hai ki usake pIche koI prAmANika - -

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tathya chipA ho, ataH ise koI cunautI nahIM de sktaa| purANakAra ne jo nava kathya pradAna kiyA hai, usakA jaina sAhitya meM paryApta mahattva hai| yaha varNana kRSNa caritra ke anveSakoM ko eka navIna dRSTikoNa pradAna karatA hai jisase Aja bhI kRSNa caritra ke aneka marmajJa anabhijJa rahe haiN| ina varNanoM meM kavi kI bauddhikatA tathA tarka-zakti dRSTigocara hotI hai| ina varNanoM ke sAtha bhAratIya saMskRti kA jo bhavya nirUpaNa huA hai, vaha mAnava ke caramotthAna kA paricAyaka hai| ataH kavi kI yaha navIna dRSTi na kevala rocaka hai varan usakI prAmANikatA tathA aucitya gaveSaNIya bhI hai| | TippaNiyA~ :1. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 43 2. uttarAdhyayana - 22/2/6 / / antakRddazA - 1/1 4. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 44 5. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 18/6 - pR0 292 6. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 38/9 - pR0 479 7. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 38/40 - pR0 483 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 51/11-12 - pR0 593 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 51/13-15 - pR0 593 10. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 51/26 - pR0 594 11. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/5-8 - pR0 617 12. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/14 - pR0 617 13. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/43-48 - pR0 627 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/50-51 - pR0 622 15. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/58-70 - pR0 625 16. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/71-72 - pR0 625 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/82-85 - pR0 626 / 18. * harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/89-92 - pR0 627 19. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/105-108 - pR0 627 20. harivaMzapurANa - sarma 56/118 - pR0 645 21. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 60/135-36 - pR0 716 22. . harivaMzapurANa - sarga.61/15-16 - pR0 755 - D - - - -

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. 23. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/43-45 - pR0 465 24. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 42 / 88-89 - pR0 510 25. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 42/92-94 - pR0 511 26. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 50/4 - pR0 583 27. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 50/43 - pR0 586 28. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 52 / 83 - pR0 602 29. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 53/17 - pR0 605 30. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 53/25 - pR0 605 31. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 53/43 - pR0 607 32. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 36/55-56 - pR0 467 33. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 40/25-56 - pR0 506 34. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/4-16 - pR0 533 35. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/20-24 - pR0 534 36. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/26-32 - pR0 535 37. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/33-35 - pR0 535 38. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/36-42 - pR0 536 / 39. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 44/45-48 - pR0 536 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 33/27 - pR0 406 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 33/36 - pR0 406 42. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 33/170-71 - pR0 417 43. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 35/8 - pR0 449 44. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 60/5 - pR0 707. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 60/126 - pR0 715 46. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 61/203 - pR0 754 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 61/5-7 - pR0 754 48. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 61/2-3 - pR0 754 49. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 34/1 - pR0 533 50. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 37/117 - pR0 566 51. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 48/1-8 - pR0 570 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 48/69-72 - pR0 573 53. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 45/122 - pR0 547

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54. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 45/127-137 - pR0 547 55. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 45/150-157 - pR0 549 56. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/2-7 - pR0 609 57. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/8-11 - pR0 609 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/12-18 - pR0 610 59. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/19-20 - pR0 610 60. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/21-25 - pR0 614 61. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/25-28 - pR0 611 62. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/44-45 - pR0 612 63. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/46-63 - pR0 613 64. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/67 - pR0 614 65. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 54/69-71 - pR0 614 66. harivaMzapurANa - sargaH 49/1-12 - pR0 575-576 67. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 49/15-17 - pR0 577 harivaMzapurANa - sarga 49/21-29 - pR0 579 69. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 49/30-34 - pR0 580 70. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 42/13-20 - pR0 505 71. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 55/120 - pR0 631 72. harivaMzapurANa - sarga 61/68 - pR0 759 73. harivaMzapusaNa - sarga 63/74 - pR0 778 33538 -

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harivaMzapurANa kA paravartI sAhitya para prabhAva kalA kA sambandha vyaktigata pratibhA aura nijI abhiruci se hai| phira bhI pUrvavartI tathA samasAmayika kalAkAroM ke pratyakSa athavA apratyakSa prabhAva kavi kI kalA ke nirmANa meM yoga avazya dete haiN| kAvya ke bhAva aura usakI abhivyakti eka hI vastu ke do pakSa haiM tathA ye itane abhinna hai ki inako alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaba eka kavi kA prabhAva dUsare para par3atA hai, taba usameM bhAva tathA abhivyakti donoM kI chAyA vidyamAna rahatI hai| __ jaina sAhitya meM vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI jinasenAcArya kI kRti harivaMzapurANa kA paravartI kAvya para Azcaryajanaka prabhAva par3A hai| isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina-jagata meM yaha kRti, aisI prathama kRti rahI hai jisameM zrI kRSNa kA sampUrNa jIvana-caritra vyavasthita evaM kramabaddha rUpa se citrita huA hai| itanA hI nahIM, isameM kRSNa kathA ke avAntara prasaMgoM kA bhI vistRta nirUpaNa hai| ataH kRSNa-caritra kI dRSTi se paravartI jaina sAhityakAroM ke lie yaha upajIvya kRti rahI hai| ina sAhityakAroM ne na kevala bhAva pakSa varan kalA-pakSa kA bhI anusaraNa kiyA hai| yahA~ hama una kRtiyoM kA ullekha kareMge, jina para harivaMzapurANa kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| saMskRta-kRtiyA~ :(1) mahApurANa :-jaina-sAhitya meM yaha saMskRta bhASA kA prasiddha grantha hai| isake racayitA "AcArya jinasena" dvitIya hai| yaha grantha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai, mahApurANa tathA uttara puraann| isa grantha ke dvitIya bhAga ke parva 71 se 73 meM kRSNa caritra kA saMkSipta varNana hai| kRSNa-caritra ke pramukha prasaMgoM ko kavi ne harivaMzapurANa ke AdhAra para nirUpita kiyA hai| kRSNa caritra varNana meM AcArya jinasena kA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| (2) pradyumna-caritra :-yaha mahAsenAcArya kI saMskRta bhASA meM racita "khaNDa-kAvya" kRti hai| isameM vivecita kRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA caritra varNana harivaMzapurANa kI bhAva-bhUmi para AdhArita hai| kavi ne pradyumna kA janma, usakA apaharaNa, zikSA-dIkSA, usakA vivAha, rAjasukha tathA vairAgya ityAdi sabhI prasaMgoM ko harivaMzapurANa meM nirUpita pradyumna caritra ke AdhAra para varNita kiyA hai| zrI nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra isa grantha kA racanAkAla vi0saM0 1031 se 1066 ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai| bhAva bhUmi hI nahIM varan bhASA ke kSetra meM bhI jinasenAcArya kA prabhAva ullekhanIya hai|

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(3) triSaSTi zalAkApuruSa caritra :-yaha saMskRta evaM apabhraMza bhASA ke udbhaTa adhyetA hemacandrAcArya kA saMskRta bhASA meM racita paurANika carita mahAkAvya hai| isa grantha ke AThaveM parva meM kavi ne kRSNa caritra kA varNana kiyA hai| hemacandrAcArya kA yaha varNana bhI harivaMzapurANa ke varNana se sAmya rakhatA hai| kavi ne harivaMzapurANa meM vivecita kRSNa kathA ko sUtra rUpa meM grahaNa kara apanI maulikatA ke AdhAra para use mArmikatA ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA hai| yaha racanA vikrama saMvata 1216 kI mAnI jAtI hai| apabhraMza-kRtiyA~ :(1) triSaSTi mahApuruSa guNAlaMkAra :-yaha mahAkavi "puSpadanta" kI apabhraMza bhASA meM racita vizAlakAya kAvya-kRti hai| isameM kavi ne jaina-jagata ke triSaSTi zalAkApuruSoM kA caritra varNana kiyA hai| isake uttara bhAga ke 81 se 92 taka sargoM meM kRSNa-kathA kA varNana huA hai| yaha varNana bhI saMkSepa meM hI hai parantu mArmika prasaMgoM ke nirUpaNa meM Agama sAhitya tathA harivaMzapurANa kA AdhAra grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| (2) NemiNAha-caritra (harivaMzapurANa):-yaha mahAkavi "raidhU" kA grantha hai jise kavi ne apabhraMza bhASA meM nibaddha kiyA hai| yaha grantha prakAzita nahIM hai| parantu "rAjArAma jaina" ne isa kRti para zodha kArya kiyA hai| unake anusAra yaha grantha paramparAgata zailI se likhA jaina-kAvya hai| isa grantha kA mUlAdhAra jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa rahA hai| harivaMzapurANa kI kathAvastu,ko hI kavi ne 14 sandhiyoM tathA 302 kar3avakoM meM varNita kiyA hai| harivaMza kA prArambha yAdavoM kI utpatti, vasudeva caritra, kRSNa-caritra, neminAtha caritra tathA pradyumna caritra Adi kA varNana AlocyakRti harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra hI huA hai| isa kRti kI racanA vikrama kI 15-16 vIM zatAbdI mAnI jAtI hai| hindI kRtiyA~ :-saMskRta evaM apabhraMza bhASAoM meM harivaMzapurANa se prabhAvita racanAoM ke bAda hama yahA~ hindI bhASA meM prabhAvita racanAoM kA ullekha kreNge| (1) pradyumna caritra :-yaha vikrama saMvat 1411 meM racita kavi "sadhArU" kI racanA hai| isameM mukhyataH zrI kRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA caritra varNana hai| parantu kavi ne zrI kRSNa kI vIratA evaM unake vaibhava kA bhI sundara citraNa kiyA hai| yaha brajabhASA kI kRti hai lekina isake kathAnaka kA mukhyAdhAra harivaMzapurANa rahA hai| kRSNa kA vivAha, pradyumna kA janma, apaharaNa, usakA rAjyAbhiSeka, virakti evaM vairAgya ityAdi sabhI prasaMgoM ke varNana meM harivaMzapurANa kI chAyA pratibimbita pratIta hotI hai| "harivaMza" kI bhAva bhUmi para rukmiNIharaNa prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa dvArA tAla vRkSoM ko girAne kA eka pada udAharaNArtha draSTavya haiharivaMzapurANa : aMgulIyakanaddhaM ca vajraM saMcUrNya paanninaa| tasyA saMdehamAmUlaM ciccheda ydunndnH|| % D

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pradyumna caritra - sAta tAla jo bANani haNaI so nArAyaNa nArada bhnnii| - AjI tAhi vana mUMdaDI, sohai ratana padAratha jdd'ii| komala hAtha karaha cakacUra, so nArAyaNa guNa pripuru|| (2) balabhadra caupAI : yaha rAjasthAnI prabhAvita hindI bhASA kI racanA hai| isake racayitA kavi yazodhara hai| isa kRti ko kavi ne san 1528 (vi0saM0 1585) meM pUrNa kiyA thaa| isa sambandha meM kavi ne svayaM kahA hai ki . saMvata paccAsIra skandha nagara mjhaari| . bhavaNi ajita jinavarataNI e guNagAyA saari|| . . isameM zrI kRSNa ke bar3e bhAI baladevajI kA caritra varNita hai| isake kathAnaka meM bhI harivaMzapurANa kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| kavi ne dvArikA-vinAza, kRSNa kA paramadhAmagamana, baladeva kA vedanAyukta viraha evaM unakA tapa ityAdi kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha harivaMzapurANa para AdhArita hai| bhagavAn neminAtha kI dvArikA-vinAza ke sambandhita bhaviSyavANI kA eka prasaMga tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhiyeharivaMzapurANa : purIyaM dvAdaze varSe rAma madyena hetunaa| dvaipAyanakumAreNa muninA dhakSyate russaa|| kozAmbavanasuptasya kRSNasya prmaayussH| prAnte jaratkumAro'pi saMhAre hetutAM vrjet|| . balabhadra caupAI : dvIpAyana munivara jesAra te karasi nagarI sNdhaar| madya bhAMDa je nAsi kahI teha thakI jalasi shii| pauralauka savi jalasi jisi ve bAndhava nIla sasu tisii| tahya sahodara jarAkumAra tehani hAthi mAri moraar|| (3) harivaMzapurANa : yaha kRti pUrNatayA jinasenAcAryakRta harivaMzapurANa para AdhArita hai| isa grantha ke racayitA "zAlivAhana" haiN| isakI racanA saMvat 1693 meM huI thii| yaha rAjasthAnI mizrita brajabhASA meM nirUpita kAvya grantha hai| isake racayitA ne svayaM harivaMzapurANa (jinasenAcArya) kA AdhAra grahaNa karane kA tathya svIkAra karate hue kRti ke pratyeka saMdhi ke anta meM

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likhA hai ki "iti zrI harivaMzapurANasaMgrahe bhavyasamaMgalakaNe AcArya zrIjinasena-viracite tasyopadeza zrI zAlivAhana vircite|" isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isakA nAma hI nahIM varan kathAnaka bhI harivaMzapurANa ke anusaraNa para likhA gayA hai| kRti ke kucha prasaMga draSTavya haiM jisameM Alocya kRti kA sAmya hai| sarvaprathama kaMsa kI mallazAkhA meM zrI kRSNa ke parAkrama kA prasaMgaharivaMzapurANa - kharanarakharakaThorau muSTibandhau vidhAya, (saMskRta) prkttitpttusiNhaakaarsNsthaanbhedii| sthiracaraNanivezo zauricANUramallA:vanibhRtamabhilagnau muSTisaMghaTTayuddhe // 10 harivaMzapurANa - caMDUra malla uThyo kAla smaan| (zAlavAhana) braja muSTi deyata smaan|| jAni kRSNa. dono kara ghai| phera pAI dharatI para vhai||11 rukmiNIharaNa kA prasaMga dekhiyeharivaMzapurANa - pAMcajanyamato dadhmau mukhriikRtdigmukhm| (zAlivAhana) sughoSaM tu balaH zaMkhaM cukSobhAribalaM ttH||12 harivaMzapurANa - laI rUkmiNI ratha car3hAI paMcAiNa tava puuriyo| (zAlivAhana) Ni suni vapaNu saba saina, kapyau mahi mnnddl||13 jarAsaMdha vadha kA prasaMgaharivaMzapurANa - ityukte kupitazcakrI cakraM prabhrAmya so'muct| (saMskRta) prayuktasya kRtArthasya kAlakSepo hi nissphlH||14 . harivaMzapurANa - taba mAgadha tA sanmukhagayau, caka phirAhe hAthi kara lyau| (zAlivAhana) tApara cakra DAriyo jAmA, tInoM loka kaMpIyo taamaa|| hari ko namaskAra kari jAti dAhine hAtha car3hayau sau aani| taba NArAyaNa chor3ayo soi, mAgadha DhUMka rakta sira hoii||15 yaha grantha aprakAzita hai parantu isakI aneka hastalikhita pratiyA~ vibhinna jaina granthAgAroM meM upalabdha hai| =377=

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(4) nemIzvara rAsa :-isa kRti ke racayitA "nemicanda" haiM jinhoMne san 1712 meM isakI racanA kI hai| isa grantha para bhI harivaMzapurANa kA prabhAva spaSTa najara AtA hai| kavi ke svayaM ke zabdoM meM harivaMza bAratA kahI vividha prkaar| nemicanda kI vInatI kaviyaNa lehu sudhaar|| yaha rAjasthAnI mizrita bhASA meM nirUpita "khaNDa-kAvya" hai| kRSNacaritra varNana meM kavi ne harivaMzapurANa kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| zrI kRSNa hI isa kRti ke mukhya pAtra haiN| . udAharaNArtha sAmyatA para AdhArita kucha pada draSTavya haiN| yathAharivaMzapurANa - abhipatadarihastAkhaDgamAkSipya kezeSvatidRDhamatigRhyAhatya bhUmau srossm| vihitapuruSapAdAkarSaNastaM zilAyAM taducitamiti matvAsphAlya hatvA jhaas||16 nemIzvararAsa - kaMsa kopa kari uThyo, paMhucyo jAdurAya pai| eka palaka meM mAriyo jama ghari paMhucyo jAya to|| jai jai kAra sabada huA bAjA bjyaasaar| kaMsa mAri dhAsyo tabai, palaka na lAi baar||17 harivaMzapurANa dvandvayuddhe zirastuMgaM zizupAlasya paatitm| viSNunA yazasA sAkaM sAyakena viduurtH|| halI jarjaritaM kRtvA rathena saha rukminnm| prANazeSamapAkRtya kRtI kRSNayuto yyau| rukmiNI pariNIyAsau girau raivatake hriH| vibhUtyAparayA tuSTaH sbndhurvishtpuriim||18 nemIzvara rAsa - itanI kahi jaba kopiyo nArAyaNa jaba chor3ayo bANa to| sirachaMdo zizupAla ko, bhAgi gayA saba dala dala pANa to|| zizupAla mArayau paiSasyau rukmyo liyau ju baaNdhi| paraNI rANi rukmaNI lagana muharata saadhi||19 -

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(5) harivaMzapurANa :___yaha zrI "khuzAlacanda kAlA" kI hindI bhASA meM racita aprakAzita racanA hai| isakA racanAkAlaM kavi ne svayaM saMvat 1799 (san 1742) mAnA hai| isa grantha meM nirUpita kRSNa caritra spaSTataH jinasenAcAryakRta harivaMzapurANa para AdhArita hai| yaha bolacAla kI sarala hindI bhASA meM racita kAvya grantha hai| govardhana-dhAraNa prasaMga meM donoM kRtiyoM kI samAnatA dekhiyeharivaMzapurANa - kudevapASANamayAtivarSairanAkulo vyaakulgokulaay| (jinasena) dadhAra govardhanamUrdhvamuccaiH sa bhUdharaM bhuudhrnnorudordhyaam||20 harivaMzapurANa - devA vana meM jAya megha taNI varaSA krii| . (khuzAlacanda) govaradhana girirAya kRSNa uThAyo cAva so||21 (6) uttarapurANa :-isa kRti ke racayitA bhI khuzAlacanda kAlA haiN| yaha bhI hindI bhASA meM racita aprakAzita grantha hai| isakA racanAkAla kavi ke anusAra saMvat 1797 (san 1742) hai| isa grantha meM nirUpita kRSNa-caritra meM harivaMzapurANa kI chAyA dikhAI detI hai| kaMsa kI raMgazAlA meM zrI kRSNa kI vIratA kA yaha prasaMga dekhie, jo donoM kRtiyoM meM eka rUpa sA citrita huA haiharivaMzapurANa - adymthsNmuulonmuulitollaasitaabhsvrdnprighaatai|rnirghaatghossaiH| virasaviraTite bhau tau nihatya praviSTau, purmururvvelaakssvedditaasphottgopaiH|| abhipatadarihastAtkhaDgamAkSipyakezeSvatidRr3hamati gRhyAhatya bhUmau srossm| vihitaparuSapAdAkarSaNastaM zilAyAM taducitamiti matvAsphAlya hatvA jahAsa // 2 uttarapurANa - ... jAke sammukha daur3ayo jaay| daMta upAri layo umgaay|| tAhI daMta thakI gaja maari| hasti bhAgi calI pura mjhaari| tAhI jIti zobhita harI bhe| kaMsa Apa malla mRti lakhi le| rudhira pavAha thakI vipriit| dekha krodha dhari kari taNi niiti|| Apa malla ke Aye soy| taba hari bega ari nija joy| carana pakari jaba laye utthaay| paMkhi sanauna tAhi phiraay||23

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(7) nemicandrikA :-yaha manaraMgalAla kI hindI bhASA meM racita kAvya kRti hai| isameM neminAtha ke sAtha zrI kRSNa kA bhI sundara nirUpaNa huA hai| kaMsa-vadha, zizupAla para vijaya ityAdi aneka prasaMgoM kA isameM samAyojana milatA hai| jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa ke AdhAra para pUtanA vadha kA eka prasaMga draSTavya haiharivaMzapurANa - kupUtanApUtanabhUtamUrtiH prapAyayantI saviSastanau tm| sa devatAdhiSThita niSThurAsyo vyriirttccuucukcuussnnen||24 nemicandrikA - rUpa kiyo ika dhAma ko viSa AMcala diyo jaay| AMcala khaicyAM atighaNA devA prakAra bhaNi jaay||25 isa kRti meM nirUpita zrI kRSNa harivaMzapurANa kI bhA~ti vIra, parAkramI tathA zreSTha sAmarthya nareza ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hue haiN| nAgadamana kA eka anya prasaMga dekhiyeharivaMzapurANa - bhujanihatabhujaMgaH saMsamucchitya padmA nupataTamaTatisma drAk mrutvaanivaasau||26 nemicandrikA - * nAgasAdhi karake murliidhr| sahasapatra lyAye indiivr||27 samIkSA : uparyukta vivecita kRtiyoM ke alAvA bhI jaina sAhitya meM aisI aneka kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM, jinameM kRSNa caritra kA varNana harivaMzapurANa (jinasenAcArya) kI bhAva bhUmi para huA hai| ina granthoM meM jaina divAkara muni cauthamala jI kA kAvya grantha "neminAtha aura puruSottama zrI kRSNa" devendrasUrikRta gajasukumAla tathA pradyumna prabandha, yazazekhara kRta balabhadra caupAI, jayazekhara kRta pANDava yazorasAyana ityAdi mahattvapUrNa haiN| ina kRtiyoM meM jo kRSNa caritra kA varNana huA hai, usameM yatkiMcit harivaMzapurANa kA prabhAva avazya rahA hai| isa prakAra jainasAhitya meM upajIvya kRti ke rUpa meM harivaMzapurANa kA atyadhika mahattva rahA hai| Adhunika kAla meM bhI isa grantha ke varNya viSaya ke AdhAra para aneka racanAoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, jisase yaha kAlajayI kRti siddha hotI hai| jaina kRSNa kAvya-paramparA meM harivaMzapurANa kA sthAna : jaina kRSNa kAvya-paramparA kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| usameM jainAcArya jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| sAhityika saundarya, dharma-pracAra, dArzanika pRSThabhUmi evaM sAMskRtika saundarya Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se ise mahanIya grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha eka saphala paurANika kRti hai| ____ harivaMzapurANa ko dekhakara isake racayitA ke athAha pANDitya, urvara mastiSka tathA mArmika cintana ke prati Azcarya jAna par3atA hai| bhASA para kavi kA adbhuta adhikAra hai| - % 3D

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vegavatI dhArA kI bhA~ti ajasra gati se vaha pAThakoM ko apane sAtha bahAye le calatI hai| yaha paurANika AkhyAnoM se bharA sAgara hai| zabda va artha kI isameM sundara yojanA dikhAI detI hai| bhASA ke sAtha isako gati dene vAle chandovidhAna bhI kama ramaNIya nahIM haiN| vividha chandoM ko kavi ne cunA hai aura saphalatApUrvaka usakA prayoga kiyA hai| alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM kavi siddhahasta hai hii| zleSa, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, sandeha Adi alaMkAra isa kRti meM apRthak rUpa se virAjamAna haiN| arthAt kalA-pakSa ke antargata Ane vAle sabhI tattvoM kA pUrNa paripAka isa kRti meM dikhAI detA hai| ___ harivaMzapurANa kI rasa yojanA bhI bar3I mArmika hai| isameM nirUpita zAnta, zRMgAra, vIra, raudra Adi rasa sahRdaya pAThakoM ko rasamaya kara dete haiN| prakRti kA varNana bhI bar3I manoramaNIyatA ke sAtha isa grantha meM huA hai| itanA hI nahIM, kavi kI varNana zakti adbhuta hai| apratihatagati se unakI pratibhA sabhI varNanIya viSayoM ko vAstavika rUpa se prakAzita karatI calatI jAtI hai| eka bAta ko apane DhaMga se kahane kA kavi kauzala bar3A hI prabhAvazAlI bana par3A hai| aneka varNanoM meM kavi ne isa kRti ke saundarya ko bhI aura balAnvita kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa kA jaina dharma ke tattvoM ke nirUpaNa evaM jaina dharma ke pracAra kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| digambara jainoM kA yaha dharma grantha hai| kavi ne apane pUrvavartI jaina granthoM kA upayoga karate hue jaina siddhAntoM kA tAttvika vizleSaNa vibhinna prasaMgoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| isameM jaina dharma ke sabhI dArzanika pakSa ujAgara hue haiN| isa grantha kI dArzanika pRSTha bhUmi para eka alaga se svataMtra zodha grantha apekSita hai / isake darzana ko samajhane ke lie samagra jaina darzana kA gahana adhyayanamanana apekSita ho jAtA hai| " - harivaMzapurANa meM bauddhika-dRSTikoNa bhI hameM sarvatra dikhAI detA hai| sabhI asaMbhava yA amAnanIya ghaTanAoM kI kavi ne bauddhika vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| kRSNa kA sRSTi kA niyantA brahma na hokara mahApuruSa honA, draupadI ke pA~ca pati na honA Adi kavi ke tarka saMgata vyAkhyAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA paricaya dete haiN| harivaMzapurANa kA tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se bhI bahuta mahattva hai| jaina evaM jainetara granthoM ke siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana meM kavi kA sundara samanvaya bar3A hI rocaka evaM mahattvapUrNa bana par3A hai| subhASitoM tathA sUktiyoM kA to yaha grantha, mAno bhaNDAra hai| kavi ke vizAla jJAna tathA vizAla anubhava kI abhivyakti isameM huI hai| kalApakSa ke vizleSaNa meM inakI katipaya sUktiyoM kI hamane sUcI dI hai| - harivaMzapurANa kA sarvAdhika mahattva usake sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM sannihita hai| tatkAlIna samAja, rAjanIti, AcAra-vicAra, paramparA tathA dRSTikoNa ko samajhane ke

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lie yaha. purANa vipula sAMskRtika adhyayana kI sAmagrI pradAna karatA hai, yahI isakI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa dena hai| isa sAmagrI ke upayoga kI Aja AvazyakatA hai| jisa prakAra bANa kI kAdambarI va harSacarita kA sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattva hai; isI prakAra harivaMzapurANa kA bhI paryApta mahattva hai| DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina ne harivaMzapurANa ke sAMskRtika adhyayana para zodha kArya kara isake sAMskRtika mahattva kI dRSTi se navIna gati pradAna kI hai| harivaMzapurANa ke doSa ko bhI ujAgara karanA anucita na hogaa| jahA~ dhArmika upadezoM tathA sAmpradAyika pracAra kI ati ho gaI, vahA~ sahRdaya pAThaka ubane lagatA hai| kahIMkahIM bhASA meM bhI durUhatA A gaI hai| aise sthaloM ko sAhityika dRSTi se acchA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| .... saMkSepa meM harivaMzapurANa kA jaina kRSNa kAvya meM vaha sthAna prApta hai, jo brAhmaNa paramparA ke saMskRta sAhitya meM mahAbhArata evaM zrImadbhAgavata kaa| bhAratIya saMskRti ko harivaMzapurANa kA yogadAna : AcArya jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa bhAratIya sAMskRtika itihAsa ke lie eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM itihAsa, bhUgola, darzana aura saMskRti sAhitya kI sAmagrI bharI par3I hai| bhArata ke kucha mahApuruSoM ke caritra kSetra-kAla kI sImA kA ullaMghana kara vyApaka rUpa se loka ruci ke kAraNa bana gaye haiN| rAma tathA kRSNa caritra bhI isI prakAra ke haiN| hindU evaM jaina paramparA meM inako paryApta mahattva prApta hai| gata do DhAI hajAra varSoM se agaNita purANa kAvya nATaka kathAnaka ina mahApuruSoM ke jIvana ke AdhAra para likhe gaye haiN| jisa prakAra brAhmaNa paramparA meM rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata kA. ina caritroM ke varNana meM mahattva hai, usI taraha jaina paramparA meM padma caritra tathA harivaMzapurANa thaa| jaina paramparA meM uparyukta harivaMzapurANa meM pUrNa kRSNa caritra vyavasthita evaM kramabaddha rUpa se nahIM milatA hai| pUrva ke sAhitya meM kRSNa caritra kA jo varNana milatA hai, vaha bahuta hI yA mahAbhArata ke anusAra tathA kucha bhinna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki caritra ke vibhinna prasaMgoM ke kathAsUtroM ko bhinna sampradAyoM meM apanI-apanI saiddhAntika evaM naitika paramparA ke anurUpa DhAlakara apanAyA hai| jaina dharma vizva ko jar3a cetana rUpa se anAdi evaM ananta mAnatA hai| usakA vikAsa kAla-krama ke Aroha-avaroha-krama se Upara-nIce kI ora parivartanazIlatA ke AdhAra para badalatA rahatA hai| ataH harivaMzapurANa meM bhI yahI lokavyavahAra nirUpita hai| jinasenAcArya ne mahAbhArata kI kathAvastu ko jana-DhA~ce meM DhAlakara likhA hai, isalie mahAbhArata se isakA kaI sthaloM para mela hai to kaI sthAnoM para mela nahIM hai| - -

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kathAvastu meM to parivartana hai hI, varNana evaM vyavasthA meM bhI kucha ekadama navIna tathA vizeSa bAteM kahI gaI haiN| udAharaNArtha-draupadI ke svayaMvara kA prsNg| isI prakAra sAmanyataH kauravoM aura pANDavoM ke pArasparika kalaha ko mahAbhArata ke yuddha kA mUla kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai lekina isa grantha meM jarAsaMdha tathA yAdavavaMza kRSNa ko isa yuddha kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai| isake anusAra eka tarapha jarAsaMdha kI ora se kaurava tathA dUsarI aura zrI kRSNa ke pakSa meM pANDavoM ne yuddha kiyA thaa| nArada kI utpatti tathA durgA kI utpati meM bhI kavi ne navIna dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai jise hama pichale anuccheda meM dekha cuke haiN| sAmudrika zAstra :-navIna prasaMgoM ke uparAnta jinasenAcArya ne sAmudrika zAstra kA bhI isameM sundara nirUpaNa kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha rAjA ke paira machalI, zaMkha tathA aMkuza Adi ke cihnoM se yukta hote haiN| kamala ke bhItarI bhAga ke samAna usakA madhyabhAga hotA hai, unake nakha cikane tathA lAkha se hote haiN| unakI gAMThe nasoM se rahita chipI rahatI haiM, kachue ke samAna kucha-kucha ve uThe hote haiM tathA pasInA se yukta rahate haiN| __ pApI ke paira sUpA ke AkAra, phaile hue, nasoM se vyApaka, Ter3e, rUkhe nakhoM se yukta, sUkhe evaM virala aMguliyoM vAle hote haiN| jo paira chidra sahita evaM kaSaile raMga ke hote haiM ve vaMza kA nAza karane vAle mAne gaye haiN| hiMsaka manuSyoM ke paira jalI huI miTTI ke samAna aura krodhI ke pIle raMga ke hote haiN| jinakA mukha bharA huA, saumya, smaya aura kuTilatA rahita hotA hai, ve rAjA hote haiN| bar3e mukha vAle abhAge aura golamukha vAle mUrkha hote haiN| strI ke samAna mukha vAle nirdhana hote haiN|28 ..... isake uparAnta bhI harivaMzapurANa meM isa zAstra kA vizada varNana milatA hai, isase jJAta hotA hai ki jinasenAcArya isa vidyA ke nipuNa jJAtA the| bhaugolika sAmagrI :.. harivaMzapurANa meM bhaugolika sAmagrI bhI paryApta hai| kavi ne aneka rAjAoM ke rAjyoM kA, nagaroM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha RSabhadeva kI dIkSA ke samaya cAroM dizAoM ke aneka nagaroM kA ullekha hai-kurujAMgala, paMcAla, sUrasena, paTacara, yavana, kAzI, kauzala, madrakAra, vRkArthaka, solva, AvRSTa, trigarta, kuzAgra, matsya, kuNIyAna aura moka madhya deza meM the| vAhnika, Atreya, kAmboja, yavana, AbhIra, kvAthatoya, zara, vATavAna, kaikaya, gAndhAra, sindhu, sauvIra, bhAradvAja, dezarUka, prAsthAla aura tIrNakarNa ye deza uttara kI ora sthita the| khaMga, aMgAraka, pauNDU, malla, pravaka, mastaka, prAgjyotiSa, vaMga, magadha, mAnavartika, malada aura bhArgava ye deza pUrva dizA meM sthita the| vANamukta, vaidarbha, mANava, sakakAsira, mUlaka, azmaka, dANDika, kaliMga, AMsika, kuntala, navarASTra, mAhiska, prarUSa

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aura bhog2avardana ye dakSiNa dizA ke deza the| mAlya, kallivanopAnta durga, sUpAI, karbuka, kAkSi, nAsArika, agarta sArasvata, tApasa, mahima, bharukaccha, surASTra aura narmada ye pazcima dizA ke deza the| dazArNaka, kiSkindha, tripura, Avarta, naiSadha, naipAla, uttamavarNa, vaidiza, antapa, kauzala, patana aura vinihAtra ye deza vindhyAcala ke Upara sthita the| bhadra, vatsa, videha, kuza, bhaMga, saitava aura vrajakhaNDika ye deza madhya deza ke Azrita the| isa prakAra ke aneka varNana harivaMzapurANa meM yatra-tatra bhare par3e haiM, jo kavi ke bhaugolika jJAna kI vijJatA ke paricAyaka haiN| sAmAjika paristhiti :-tatkAlina sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ke varNana meM bhI kavi ne logoM ke AbhUSaNoM tathA vastroM ityAdi kA vizleSaNAtmaka ullekha kiyA hai| vastroM meM dukUla, kSobha, cinAMkuza, paTavAsa, valakala ityAdi tathA AbhUSaNoM meM mukuTa, kuNDala, keyUra, cUDAmaNi, kaTaka, kaMkaNa, mudrikA, hAra, mekhalA, kaNTharatnAvalI, kaTisUtra, nupUra Adi kA pracalana thaa| isake alAvA prasAdhanoM ke sAdhana, manoraMjana ke sAdhana, utsava, tyauhAra, AvAgamana ke sAdhana, nagara vyavasthA, makAna vyavasthA, daheja prathA, pardA prathA Adi kA bhI citraNa milatA hai jo usa samaya kI sAmAjika sthiti jAnane meM atyadhika sahAyaka siddha hotA hai| Arthika paristhiti :-purANakAra ne usa samaya ke bhArata kI Arthika sthiti kA nirUpaNa kara harivaMzapurANa ke mahattva ko aura bar3hA diyA hai| kRSi, pazupAlana, vyApAra, vANijya evaM kalA kauzala meM bhArata kI sampannatA ityAdi ke tathya dekhate hI banate haiN| bhArata kA vyApAra kina-kina dezoM ke sAtha hotA thA, kina mArgoM se hotA thA, vastu vinimaya kisa prakAra kA thA, logoM kA jIvanastara kaisA thA, ityAdi kA purANakAra jinasenAcArya ne sUkSmatA se vivecana kiyA hai| rAjanitika paristhiti :-purANakAra ke rAjanaitika vivaraNoM meM tatkAlIna bhAratIya zAsana vyavasthA kA sundara citraNa hai| kavi ke anusAra usa samaya do prakAra kI zAsana vyavasthA thI (1) rAjatantrAtmaka evaM (2) gnntntraatmk| isameM gaNatantrAtmaka hI isa kAla kI pramukha pracalita zAsana praNAlI thii| rAjA kI nirakuMzatA, mahattvAkAMkSA evaM vistAra lolupatA kA bhI kavi ne ullekha kiyA hai| isake uparAnta tatkAlIna yuddha praNAlI, yuddha kalA, yuddha-vijJAna, mallayuddha, astra-zastra tathA camatkRta alaukika zaktiyoM kA bhI nirUpaNa milatA hai| anya :-jaina paramparA ke ullekha kI dRSTi se bhI isa purANa kA paryApta mahattva rahA hai| isameM bhArgava-RSi se droNAcArya taka kI paramparA tathA mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa se bAda kI AcArya paramparA ko jinasena taka sampUrNa rUpa se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| yaha paramparA varNana anyatra dekhane ko nahIM miltaa|

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isI prakAra vedoM kI utpatti30, yAdava vaMza kI utpatti, sAketa kA nAmakaraNa32, nAgapura tathA mathurA kA nAmakaraNa Adi aisI aneka bAteM haiM, jo paramparA varNana se nitAnta bhinna haiN| AcArya jinasena ne isameM dharmazAstra tathA saMgIta zAstra kA bhI paryApta vivaraNa diyA hai| unhoMne rAjA zreNika ke prazna ke uttara meM lokAloka vibhAga kA sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa33, bhagavAna neminAtha kI divyadhvani ke prakaraNa meM tattvoM kA sUkSmatA se vivecana34, upavAsoM kI vidhi tathA saba prakAra25, AhAra dAna dene kI prakriyA tathA dvAdazAMga kA varNana36 bar3e hI tAttvika DhaMga se kiyA hai| - isa prakAra harivaMzapurANa kI bahuvidha sAmagrI ko dekhakara nisaMdigdha rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jinasena ne bhAratIya vAGmaya ko eka amUlya ratna pradAna kiyA hai, jisakA bhAratIya saMskRti ko abhUtapUrva yogadAna hai| sUrasAgara kA paravartI sAhitya para prabhAva : braja bhASA kAvya kalA ke vikAsa meM sUradAsa kA sthAna sarvazreSTha hai| sUra se pUrva hindI kAvya kalA kI sthiti nagaNya thii| sUra ne apanI maulika pratibhA se kRSNa kAvya paramparA tathA abhivyaMjanA ko samRddhi pradAna kii| sUra ke samakAlIna tathA paravartI kaviyoM ne sUrasAgara kA anusaraNa kara isa paramparA ko poSita kiyaa| sUrasAgara ne aSTachApa tathA vallabha sampradAya ke anya kaviyoM ko to prabhAvita kiyA hI hai parantu isakA prabhAva rAdhAvallabha, harisampradAya evaM caitanya sampradAya ke kRSNa kAvya para bhI par3A hai| sUrasAgara ke pada sAhitya kA apane samaya meM vyApaka AkarSaNa thaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki na kevala bhaktikAla meM varan rItikAla meM bhI pada sAhitya kI racanA huii| itanA hI nahIM Adhunika kAla meM bhI sUrasAgara kI pada paramparA pracalita hotI rahI hai| samavartI paramparA :mahAkavi tulasI :-rAmabhakta kAvya paramparA meM tulasI apanI sAnI nahIM rkhte| tulasI kI gItAvalI tathA kRSNa gItAvalI kI preraNA sUrasAgara kI pada racanA hI hai| . gItAvalI kI katipaya paMktiyA~ sUrasAgara se adbhuta sAmya rakhatI haiN| udAharaNArthasUrasAgara - AMgana khaile nanda ke nndaa| jadukula kumuda sukhada cAru cNdaa|| gItAvatI - AMgana khelata Ananda knd| raghukula kumuda sukhada cAru cNd|28 . kucha anya paMktiyA~ jo sUrasAgara kI bhAvabhUmi se nirUpita hai, dekhiyesUrasAgara - jasodA hari pAlane jhulaavai| gItAvalI - pAlane raghupatihiM jhulaavai|

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sUrasAgara - jasumati mana abhilASa kre| gItAvalI - he hI lAla kabahi bar3e bali maiyaa| sUrasAgara - prAtaH bhayau jAgo gopaal| gItAvalI - bhora bhayo jAgahu rghunndn| viSaya sAmya ke alAvA abhivyaMjanA kauzala meM bhI gItAvalI tathA kRSNa gItAvalI meM sUra kA sAhAyya tulasI ne liyA hai| aSTachApa ke kaviyoM para sara kA prabhAva :-aSTachApa ke kaviyoM para sUra kA prabhAva nizcita hai| sUra aSTachApa kaviyoM meM sarvazreSTha tatha sarvapriya the| mAtra kuMbhanadAsa ko chor3akara sabhI unase choTe the| kIrtanakAroM meM sabhI kavi unakA anusaraNa karate the| ataH sUra kAvya kA prabhAva una para svAbhAvika haikuMbhanadAsa :-ye bhaktahRdaya ke kavi tathA saMgItajJa the| inake aneka padoM meM sUrasAgara kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| upamA-vidhAna para sAmya rakhane vAlA eka pada draSTavya hai| sUradAsa - manau girivara tai Avati gNgaa| rAjati ati ramanIya rAdhikA, iti vidhi adhika anUpama aNgaa|" kuMbhanadAsa - yaha adbhuta sari racyo vidhAtA, sarasa rUpa avgaahiN| kuMbhanadAsa prabhu giridhara-nAgara, dekhata umagata taahiN|| paramAnaMdadAsa :-inake padoM kI bhASA meM prAta:kAlIna varNanoM meM tathA rAgoM ke vidhAna meM sUrasAgara kA spaSTa prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| anukaraNa para AdhArita kucha pada draSTavya haiMsUrasAgara - mAno ghana ghana abatara daamini| 1 paramAnanda - ghana meM chipi jyoM daamini|2 sUra- buhari papIhA bolyo kI maaii|03 paramAnanda - raini papIhA baulayo kI maaii|44 sUra - mAI moro canda lagyau duHkha den| 5 paramAnanda - mAI rI canda lagyau duHkha den| ina padoM meM sUra kI zabdAvalI ko jyau~ kA tyauM pakar3a liyA hai| inhoMne viSaya, padaracanA, bhASA, AlaMkArikatA ityAdi sabhI meM sUrasAgara ko apanA Adarza bnaayaa| kRSNadAsa :-ye aSTachApa ke cauthe kavi the| inakA svabhAva haThI thaa| inhoMne sUrasAgara kI pratiyogitA meM pada racanA kI thI ataH inake padoM meM sUra kI chAyA to hai parantu anukaraNa meM suprabhAva kA abhAva hai| sUra ne jahA~ saundarya vRddhi kI hai, vahA~ kRSNadAsa ne vikRti utpanna kI hai| inakI vikRti kA eka pada dekhiye

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dekhau mAI mAnau kasauTI ksii| kanaka veli vRSabhAnu naMdinI, giridhara Dara ju bsii| syAma tamAla kalevara suMdara, aMga aMga mAlatI ghusii|| isa pada meM sUra kI caMcalatA tyAga kara saudAminI kA pala bhara meM suzobhita hone kI kalpanA ko ko kavi ne vikRta banAkara use kanaka velI tathA "tamAla meM mAlI ghusA" kahA hai| govinda svAmI :-zrInAthajI kI sevA meM pada racanA karane ke krama meM saMgItajJa govindasvAmI kA sUra se prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika hai| sUrasAgara kI pada racanA, bhASA alaMkAra ityAdi kA inhoMne anusaraNa kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha dekhiye vadana kamala Upara baiTharI, mAno jugala khNjrii| tA upara mAno mIna-capala, aru tA para alikAvali guNjrii||9 isa pada meM nayanoM kI upamA khaMjana tathA capala mIna se kara kavi ne sUrasAgara ke upamAnoM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| nandadAsa :-inhoMne sUradAsa ke bhramaragIta se preraNA lekara "bhaMvaragIta" kI racanA kii| inake aneka pada sUradAsa kI zailI para racita haiN| sAmyatA para AdhArika eka pada draSTavya haisUradAsa - Aju to badhAI bAje maMdira mahara ke| phUle phire gopI gvAla Thahara-Thahara ke| phUlI phire dhenu dhAma, phalI gopI aNg-aNg| phUle phale taravara Ananda lahara ke|" nandadAsa- mAI Aju to gokula gA~va kaiso rahyo phUli ke| ghara phUle dIkhai saba jaise saMpati samUli kai| phUlI-phUlI ghaTA AI, ghahari ghahari ghUmi ke| phUlI phUlI barakhA hoti, jhara lAvati jhUmi ke|51 chItasvAmI evaM caturbhujadAsa :-ye aSTachApa ke sAtaveM evaM AThaveM kavi haiN| inakA koI kAvya grantha nahIM milatA parantu jo sphuTa pada prApta haiM, unameM sUrasAgara kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| udAharaNArtha eka pada dekhiye jisameM sUrasAgara kA anusaraNa hai ghananana ghana ghaTA ghora, jhananana jhAlara jhkor| tananana tana thaI thaI, karata hai eka daaii| tananana tana tAna jAna, rAga raMga svara bNdhaan| gopA jana gAvai gIta, maMgala bdhaaii||52

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rasakhAna :-aSTachApa kaviyoM ke uparAnta rasakhAna kA kavitva bhI sUrasAgara kI preraNA kA pariNAma pratIta hotA hai| braja bhASA kA mAdhurya jo sUra ne apane kAvya meM bikherA thA, rasakhAna kA kAvya usase ota-prota hai| donoM kI sAmyatA para AdhArita eka pada draSTavya haisUra - cale akulAI banadhAma, dhAI vhAI gAya, dekhihI jAi mana haraSa kiinhauN|53 / rasakhAna - adhara lagAI rasa pyAya bA~surI bajAya, merau nAma gAya hAya, jAdU kiyo mana meN|14 rItikAlIna kAvya :-rItikAla ke kaviyoM kI racanAe~ bhASA va bhAva ko dRSTi se sUrasAgara kI RNI haiN| sUrasAgara kI kavitta zailI kA hI vyApaka rUpa rItikAla meM dikhAI detA hai| kyA bhASA, kyA hAva-bhAva kA saMyoga-viyoga, sarvatra sUrasAgara kA prabhAva avalokanIya hai| yahA~ hama katipaya kaviyoM para sUrasAgara ke prabhAva kA varNana kreNge| bihArIlAla :-inhoMne sUrasAgara kI kalAtmaka varNa yojanA, zAbdika dhvani camatkAra, alaMkAra-yojanA tathA bhAvAnurUpa zabda-saundarya kA spaSTa anusaraNa kiyA hai| inakI racanAoM meM sUrasAgara kA spaSTa prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| katipaya udAharaNa dekhiye-- sUra - lalita A~gana lai Thumuki Dole jhunuki jhunuki baule peMjanI mRdu mukhr|15 bihArI ranita bhaMga ghaMTAvalI, jharita dAna mdhuniir| maMda maMda Avata calyo, kuMjara kuMja smiir||56 sUra - besari kI muktA kI jhAMI varana virAjati caari| mAnau suraguru sukra bhauma, sani camakata caMda mNjhaari||57 bihArI - maMgala bid suraMga, mukha, sasi kesara ADa guru| ika nArI lAhe saMga, rasamaya kiya locana jagata // 18 matirAma :-inakI racanAoM para bhI sUrasAgara kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| sUrasAgara kI bhAva bhUmi, kAvya saundarya tathA padAvalI ke AdhAra para inhoMne apanI racanAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sAmyatA para AdhArita eka pada dekhiye hamAre hari hArila kI lkrii| mana vaca krama naMdana uru yaha dRr3ha kari pkrii|| jAgata sovata svapna divasa nisi kAnha-kAnha jkrii|59 sUra - min D

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deva - matirAma - Ayau hai sayAnapana gayau hai ajAnapana, . tohUM uThi mAna kari bai kI Teka pkrii| ghara ghara mAninI hai, mAnatI manAe te hai, terI aisI rIti aura kAhU maiM na pkrii|| hAhA kai nihore hU~ na herati harita nainI, kAhe ko karita haTha, hArila kI lkrii|| matirAma ne isa pada meM sUra ke upamAna "hArila kI lakarI" kA hI prayoga nahIM kiyA hai varan pakarI, jakarI zabdoM kA bhI caturAI se kAma liyA hai| deva :-kavivara deva kI racanAoM para sUrasAgara kA prabhAva pracura mAtrA meM hai| rAsalIlA, saMyoga-lIlA, uddhava-yAtrA Adi meM sUrasAgara ke padoM kI chAyA hai| inakA abhivyaMjanA kauzala bhI sUrasAgara para AdhArita hai| inakA eka pada udAharaNArtha dekhiye hari darasana ko tarasati a~khiyA~ jhA~kati jhakhati jharokhA baiThI kara mIr3ati jyoM mkhiyaaN|61 bichurI vadana sudhA nidhirasa te lagati nahIM pala pNkhiyaaN| deva kachu apanI basa nA rasa, lAlaca lAla citai bhaI cerii| begi hI bUDi gaI paMkhiyA~, aMkhiyA~ madhu kI makhiyA~ bhii|62 / ghana Ananda :-rItimukta kavi ghanAnanda kI pada racanA para bhI sUrasAgara kA prabhAva paryApta mAtrA meM hai| ye zreSTha saMgItajJa the| sUra kI bhA~ti inhoMne rAga tathA bhAva kA sundara sAmaMjasya apane padoM meM kiyA hai| unakI kavitA meM braja bhASA kA jo sahaja mAdhurya milatA hai, usake preraka bhI sUra hI the| nRtya varNana ke eka pada meM sUrasAgara kA sAmya dekhiyesUrasAgara - hor3A hor3I nRtya karai, rIjhi rIjhi aMka bhrai| * tAtA thaI-thaI ughaTata haraSi mn|63 ghanAnanda - rAsa maNDala meM nAcata doUta, kaTa dhikaTa ghidhikaTa ghilAMga theI theI tata the| Ananda ghana rasa raMga papIhA rIjhi rIjhi AMko bhrileii|64 Adhunika kAlIna kAvya :-Adhunika kAlIna kAvya bhI sUra ke prabhAva se achUtA nahIM hai| Adhunika kAla ke pravartaka bhAratendu harizcandra aneka dRSTiyoM se sUra kAvya se prabhAvita haiN| ve bhI vallabha sampradAya meM dIkSita the tathA sUra kI bhA~ti saMgItajJa the ataH unake kAvya meM sUrasAgara kA prabhAva svAbhAvika hai| unake kAvya meM sUra kA prabhAva dekhiyesUrasAgara - choTI choTI gAr3iyA~, aMguriyA~ chavIlI chottii| nakha jyoti motI mAno kamala dalani pr||5

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bhAratendu - choTe-choTe bha~varA cakaI choTI-choTI lie| choTe-choTe hAthana sau khaile mana mauhe| choTe-choTe carana sau calata ghuTuruvana, yahI brajalAla choTI choTI navi jauhe| harIcanda choTe-choTe kara pai mAkhana lie, upamA varani sake aiso kavi ko hai|66 Adhunika kAla ke kaviyoM meM sUrasAgara kA sarvAdhika prabhAva jagannAthadAsa ratnAkara kRta "uddhava zataka" para dikhAI detA hai| ratnAkara ke aneka chandoM meM bhAva-sAmya sUra kI padAvalI se pAyA jAtA hai| katipaya udAharaNa prastuta haiM(ka) sUra - nirakhati aMka syAma sundara kai, bAra bAra lAvati lai chaatii|67 ratnAkara - ujhaki-ujhaki pada kaMjani ke paMjani pai, . pekhi-pekhi pAtI chAtI chohani chabai lgii|68 (kha) sUra - kAgada gare megha masi khaTI. sara dava lAgi jre||69 ratnAkara - sUkhi jAta shAyI lekhanI ko naiMku DaMka laage| aMka lAge kAgada barari bari jAta hai| "chAyAvAda" ke prasiddha kavi jayazaMkara prasAda kI prasiddha kRti kAmAyanI (jo Adhunika yuga kI sarvotkRSTa kAvyakRti hai) para bhI kahIM-kahIM sUrasAgara kI chAyA dikhAI detI hai| vAtsalya rasa kA eka prasaMga dekhiye jisameM sUrasAgara ke pada kI jhalaka dikhAI detI haisUrasAgara - hari kilakata jasudA kI kaniyA nirakhi nirakhi mukha haMsati syAma kau so nidhana kI dhniyaaN| kAmAyanI- mA~ phira eka kilaka dUrAgata gUMja uThI kuTiyA suunii| mA~ uTha daur3a are hRdaya meM lekara utkarSa duunii| lUTarI khulI alaka raja ghUsara bAhe Akara lipaTa gyii| nizA tApasI kI jalane kI dhadhaka uThI bujhatI dhuunii|72 "chAyAvAda" ke bAda bhI sUrasAgara ke prabhAva kA silasilA samAna gati se nayI prayogazIla kAvya-dhArA taka calA A rahA hai| isa dhArA ke zIrSastha kaviyoM ne bhI sUrasAgara ke prabhAva ko apanI racanAoM meM grahaNa kiyA hai| niSkarSa : uparyukta vivecana ke bAda hama kaha sakate haiM ki sUradAsa hindI sAhitya ke vaha

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mahAkavi haiM jinhoMne apane pUrvavartI paramparA se bhAvoM ko bindumAtra grahaNa kiyA, parantu apanI maulika pratibhA se sindhu kA sA asImita vistAra evaM gambhIrya pradAna kiyaa| paravartI paramparA ko to unhoMne bahuta dUra taka prakAza pradAna kiyA hai| bhaktikAla yA rItikAla hI nahIM varan Adhunika kAla taka kI adyatana kAvya cetanA ke vividha staroM para sUra kAvya ke prabhAva-citra citrita haiN| yuga-yuga taka sAhitya ko anubhUti evaM kalA ke itane gahare stara para prabhAvita karane vAlA kavi sUra ke atirikta koI nahIM hai|3 kRSNa bhakti kAvya-paramparA meM sUrasAgara kA sthAna : mahAkavi sUra ko sAhitya ke kSetra meM sarvotkRSTatA kA kIrtimAna unakI prasiddha kRti sUrasAgara ke kAraNa milA hai| sUrasAgara meM kavi kI jo adbhuta pratimA dikhAI detI hai, usI se sUra ko sAhityAkAza ke sUrya upamita kiye jAte haiN| ___ kaI vidvAn sUrasAgara ko bhAgavata kA bhAvAnuvAda svIkAra karate haiM parantu aisA nahIM hai| kavi ne bhAgavata kA mukhyAdhAra lekara ise apanI maulikatA ke AdhAra para gauravagarimA pradAna kI hai| kavi kI isa kRti kA kRSNa bhakti kAvya meM mUrdhanya sthAna prApta hai| isameM kavi ne jo bhAvapUrNa citra khIMce haiM, ve anyatra durlabha hai| sUrasAgara ko kyA bhAvapakSa, kyA kalA-pakSa, sabhI kSetroM meM adbhuta saphalatA milI hai| hindI sAhitya meM kRSNa kAvya paramparA kI carcA hamaneM pUrva meM kara lI hai, jisameM sUrasAgara ko mahattvapUrNa kRti svIkAra kiyA hai| sUrasAgara kA mahattva nimna prakAra se dekhA jA sakatA hai| __sUrasAgara kA mukhya varNaya viSaya zrI kRSNa kA lIlAgAna hai| kavi ne kRSNa lIlA ke gAyana ko hI apanA sAdhya banAyA hai| isameM zrI kRSNa ke janma se lekara brajavAsa kI vividha krIr3AoM kA varNana karate hue mathurAgamana tathA brajavAsiyoM se bheMTa taka kI ghaTanAoM kA sarvAdhika varNana kiyA gayA hai| geya padoM meM racita isa grantha meM vividha prasaMgoM ke bar3e hI sundara va mArmika varNana milate haiN| sUra ne kRSNa lIlA ke sAtha-sAtha rAma kathA kA bhI varNana kiyA hai jo kavi kI maulikatA kA paricAyaka hai| isake alAvA bhI kaI prasaMga sUrasAgara meM bhAgavatAnusAra varNita haiM parantu unameM na to bhakti-bhAvanA hai aura na hI kaavy-sausstthv| sUrasAgara meM kRSNa-lIlA sambandhI pada hI unakI kIrti ke AdhAra stambha haiN| inakI pratyeka paMkti meM kavi kI maulikatA evaM pratibhA ke darzana hote haiN| sUrasAgara meM tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM vicAradhArAoM kA bhI pratibimba huA hai| hindI sAhitya kA yaha amUlya grantha apane samaya kI bhAvanA va kalpanA kA sAra hai| puSTimArga se dIkSita hone ke kAraNa kavi ne apanI vANI meM usake siddhAntoM va vicAroM kA bhI bhalI-bhA~ti nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sUrasAgara vAstava meM vizAla sAgara kI taraha hai, jisameM sUra ke saba vicAroM tathA bhAvanAoM kI muktAe~ girI haiN| isameM unhoMne zuddhAdvaita vAdI darzana tathA puSTimArgI premAbhakti kA nicor3a bhara diyA hai| vAtsalya, sakhya 371 =

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tathA kAnta bhakti kA jo sAmaMjasya isa sAhitya sAgara meM ekatrita huA hai, vaha anyatra . nahIM hai| mahAkavi sUra kI kRti sUrasAgara ke sAhityika pahaluoM para hamaneM pichale paricchedoM. meM prakAza DAlA hai| isI se sUra hindI sAhitya ke sUrya mAne jAte haiM "sUra sUra tulasI sasI ur3agana kezavadAsa" vAlI kahAvata se hindI premI bhalA kauna aparicita hogaa| sUrasAgara kI saralatA, madhuratA tathA kAlpanika bhAvAtmaka udreka kI samAnatA meM hindI hI kyA, anya bhASAoM kA bhI sAhitya kaThinatA se aayegaa| sUrasAgara meM anubhUti hai, kalpanA kI ur3Ana hai, bhAvanA kI gaharAI hai, bhakti kI mAnyatA hai, madhuratA hai tathA saundarya sRSTi hai| isameM jo citra aMkita kiye gaye haiM, ve A~khoM ke sAmane eka bAra Ane para pAThakoM ko vazIbhUta kara lete haiN| pAThaka sarvadA ke lie unameM ulajhakara bhakti kI dhArA meM baha nikalatA hai| sUra ne apanA varNya viSaya gItAtmaka zailI se prastuta kiyA hai| bhAva ke saMdarbha meM sUrasAgara gItAtmaka virATakAvya bana gayA hai| sUrasAgara ke gItoM meM prabandha. sUtra haiM, saMvAda bhI haiN| citra bhI haiM to varNana bhI hai| sUrasAgara ke gItikAvya meM vaha saba kucha hai, jo gItikAvya ke caramotkarSa ke lie Avazyaka hai| sUra kI rasa yojanA bar3I hI utkRSTa hai| isameM nirUpita vAtsalya evaM zRMgAra saMbhoga evaM vipralambha rasa kI koI sAnI nhiiN| vAtsalya va viraha varNana meM to sUrasAgara advitIya kRti hai| isameM lokamAnasa kI sundara abhivyaMjanA hai| isake alAvA bhI sAhitya ke sabhI rasoM kA kavi ne manorama nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ___ prakRti kAvya kI utkRSTatA kI kasauTI hotI hai| sUra ke bhAvAtmaka hRdaya ne prakRti ke bahuvidha rUpoM kA sundara nirUpaNa kiyA hai| brajabhUmi ke prAkRtika saundarya kA varNana kara kavi ne apanI kRti, ko sajIva evaM saprANa banA diyA hai| gocAraNa prasaMga meM prakRti kA jo sahaja rUpa, ugra rUpa tathA sUkSma rUpa gatizIlatA ke sAtha usake asIma vaibhava kA citraNa huA hai, vaha dekhate hI banatA hai| sUrasAgara eka aisA rasa kA sAgara hai jisakI pratyeka maNiyeM loka jIvana ke vividha paridRzya pratibimbita ho gaye haiN| loka jIvana ke vibhinna pravRttiyoM kI jo jhalaka sUrasAgara meM milatI hai, vaisI jhalaka spaSTatA va yathArthatA ke sAtha kisI anya kAvya meM nhiiN| loka saMskAroM meM jAtakarma, chaThI, nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, varSagAMTha, yajJopavIta, vivAha tathA antyeSTi taka ke prAyaH sabhI saMskAra isameM varNita haiN| vibhinna utsavoM, tyauhAroM kA bhI kavi ne bar3I sUkSmatA ke sAtha citraNa kiyA hai| utsavoM meM dIpAvalI, zrAvaNI, holI ityAdi varNana bar3e hI manorama bana gaye haiN| itanA hI nahIM, sUrasAgara meM sthAna-sthAna para aneka dhArmika, sAmAjika vizvAsoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo tatkAlIna samAja meM vyApta zraddhA ke paricAyaka haiN| mahAkavi sUra

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ne apanI kRti meM loka gItoM ke sabhI pracalita rUpa vyakta kiye haiN| lokagItoM meM janmagIta, lorIgIta, maMgalagIta, horIgIta, rasiyAgIta, kIrtanagIta, virahagIta, jhUlanagIta ityAdi pramukha haiN| ___ isa prakAra jo kRti loka jIvana kI prazasta bhUmi para saMsthita hai tathA prakRti ke sabhI anurAgoM se raMjita hai, jisakI kAvya bhUmi kavitva, bhAvukatA tathA vaidagdhya ke maMjula samanvaya kA udAharaNa hai| jisameM zrRMgAra ke rasarAjasva ke aucitya kA pUrNa pradarzana huA hai, jisameM vAtsalya ko rasa kI mahimA se maMDita kiyA gayA hai, aise grantha 'sUrasAgara' ko kRSNa bhakti kAvya paramparA : mahattA sthAna prApta kyoM nahIM hogA? ___ kyA kathAnaka! kyA caritra! kyA rasa! kyA rasa-bhAva! kyA klaa-pkss!| sabhI meM eka vicitra saMtulana tathA maulika saMyojana hone ke kAraNa bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| yaha loka-hRdaya kA kAvya hai, isameM loka kI bhASA, loka kI saMskRti hai tathA loka maMgala kI bhAvanA hai| mahAkavi sUra ne isameM bhakti tathA loka saMgraha kA apUrva samanvaya kiyA hai| mAnava hRdaya ko mohita karane vAlA kRSNa caritra, mArmika sthaloM kI pahacAna, utkRSTa kathA zilpa Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se yaha grantha hindI sAhitya kA sarvazreSTha kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| sUrasAgara kI prAsaMgikatA : __ pratyeka kAvya kI prAsaMgikatA kA eka samaya-sandarbha hotA hai tathA dUsarA pariveza sndrbh| prAsaMgikatA deza tathA kAla donoM meM janamAnasa ke badalate pariveza meM nirNIta hotI hai| prazna uThatA hai ki Aja ke bhautika yuga tathA takanIkI yuga meM, sUrasAgara kI kyA prAsaMgikatA hai? kahA~ to vaha "maiM nahIM mAkhana khAyoM" yA "maiM to canda khilaunA lehauM" kA haThI kanhaiyA jisameM cIraharaNa, mAna-lIlA, dAnalIlA, rAsalIlA ke rasabhIne prasaMga jo prema ke pragAr3ha tanmaya bhAva se bhare hue the aura kahA~ Aja ke Arthika, rAjanaitika dabAva ke yuga meM Tukar3e-Tukar3e hote mAnavIya saMvega tathA kahA~ sUrasAgara meM nirUpita vinaya ke samarpita bhaav| hamArI zaMkA svAbhAvika hai ki sUrasAgara jaise grantha kA sAmayika mahattva kyA hai? ... ___aneka vidvAnoM ne adhunAtana samIkSAtmaka vizleSaNa evaM saMzleSaNa kiyA hai| kaI vidvAnoM ne sUrasAgara ko samAjazAstrIya adhyayana ke saMdarbha meM dekhA hai jisameM usa yuga kI sAmAjika, rAjanaitika jIvana zailI. parilakSita hotI hai| kaI vidvAn sUrasAgara meM varNita vAtsalya rasa vivecana meM sUra ko bAla manovaijJAnika pAte haiM to kaI usameM nirUpita zrRMgAra rasa meM Adhunika yauna-manovijJAna ko| isa prakAra aneka dRSTiyoM se sUrasAgara kA mahattva bar3hatA jA rahA hai| lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa purAne isa kAvya grantha meM na kevala kRSNa caritra kA hI varNana huA hai varan aisA varNana bhI huA hai jo bhAratIya asmitA se sambandhita hai|

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sUrasAgara meM nirUpita "rAga-tattva" ko hI liyA jAya to Aja ke yuga meM isakA sarvAdhika mahattva hai| Aja jo mAnavIya sambandhoM kA caramarAtA tantra hai, use sUrasAgara rAgAtmaka sambandhoM kA adbhuta upahAra pradAna karatA hai| sUrasAgara meM dAmpatya, praNaya, sakhya, vAtsalya, dAsya tathA vinaya prerita sambandhoM kA eka pUrA saMsAra braja se mathurA taka phailA huA hai| yazodA-nandana, balarAma, rAdhA, gopiyA~ tathA prajAjana Adi isake irda-girda gatizIla haiN| eka tarapha vizuddha bhAratIya grAmINa pariveza braja hai tathA dUsarI tarapha nAgarika sabhyatA ke abhizApa rUpa mthuraa| zrI kRSNa apanI zuddha grAmINa saMskRti ko pahu~cAne ke lie hI braja se mathurA jAte haiN| ve vahA~ rAjanaitika chala-kapaTa se jUjhane meM bhI pUrNatayA saphala siddha hote haiN| sUrasAgara meM prema kA caramotkarSa varNana bhI upalabdha hotA hai| yaha prema samarpaNa tathA tAdAtmya ke AdhAra para TikA huA hai, isameM kahIM bhI vAsanA kI durgandha nahIM aatii| Aja ke pariveza meM isI niSkalaMka prema kI AvazyakatA hai| sUrasAgara kA laukika-kAma nara-nArI ke milana meM bhI AtmA-paramAtmA ke milana kI sambhAvanAe~ vyakta karatA hai| isase jyAdA aura kyA U~cAI ho sakatI hai? sUrasAgara meM nirUpita kRSNa pUrNataH Ananda saundarya ke pratIka haiM, unase sabhI prema karate haiM; gopiyA~ bhI, rAdhA bhI, braja bhI, gopa bhI, vRndAvana bhI parantu kahIM para paraspara IrSyA yA alagAva kI bhAvanA nahIM hai| zrI kRSNa virATa svarUpa meM samasta carAcara jagata ko Alokita karate dikhAI dete haiM, jo sabako eka samAna apanI asmitA ko pradAna kara rahe haiN| prema kA aisA sundara samarpita svarUpa anyatra durlabha hai| - sUrasAgara ke bhAvapakSa meM mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ke sahaja citraNoM meM kavi ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| kevala praNaya meM hI nahIM varan vAtsalya aMkana meM bhI yaha kRti saphala rahI hai| yazodA kRSNa kI jananI nahIM hai parantu vaha jananI se kaI gunA jyAdA lAr3a pyAra va mamatA pradAna karatI hai| vAtsalya ke aneka padoM meM isa udAtta bhAvanA ke darzana hote haiN| vaha varNana bAla manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para citrita hai| yaha kRti praNaya tathA vAtsalya jaise mAnavIya sambandhoM meM udAtta bhAvanA ko khojakara pradAna karatI hai, jise Aja ke mAnava ne kho diyA hai| muktikAmI paralokonmukhI samAja ke lie Izvara hamezA ekamAtra AzA kA setu rahA hai| sUrasAgara meM isI mukti kAmanA kI pravRtti ko vividha prasaMgoM meM ujAgara kiyA hai| bhagavAn isI jagata meM vibhinna rUpoM meM vidyamAna hai, mAnava ke hara kSetra kA sAkSI hai, isakA saMdeza Aja ke patanonmukhI samAja ko sUrasAgara pradAna karatA hai, jo sadmArga tathA sadAcAra ke anusaraNa para AdhArita hai| itanA hI nahIM mahAkavi sUra ne apanI racanA meM bhAratIya sAMskRtika vicAroM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jise Aja jAnanA jarUrI hai| sUrasAgara meM ullekhita sAmAjika -

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saMsthAoM kA ullekha itihAsa granthoM meM nahIM milatA, taba isakA mahattva isa dRSTi se bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| samAja va saMskRti kI bAta kareM to isameM jo varNa-vyavasthA, vibhinna saMskAra, logoM kA vyavasAya, vivAha prasaMga, vAdya-yantra, daheja-prathA tathA parivAra vyavasthA ityAdi kA varNana hai| use jAnanA jarUrI hai kyoMki isameM bhAratIya gaurava chipA hai| sUrasAgara meM zAsana-vyavasthA, nirakuMza-zAsana, daMDavidhAna, sainya vyavasthA, yuddha, guptacara kA bhI varNana milatA hai| Arthika vyavasthA ke citraNa meM kavi ne vaibhavazAlI vyaktiyoM ke prabhAva, artha kA mahattva, bhikSuka, kRSi tathA pazupAlana, vyApAra-vANijya, vastu-vinimaya, hATa-bAjAra, choTe- moTe radyoga dhandhe ityAdi ko ullekhita kiyA hai| isa prakAra sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI isa grantha kI prAsaMgikatA kama nahIM hai kyoMki isameM jo vizAla sAmagrI upalabdha hai, use jAnanA jarUrI hai| ___ isa prakAra pA~ca sau varSoM ke antarAla ke bAda bhI sUrasAgara kI prAsaMgikatA kama nahIM huI hai| kavi ne apanI pratibhA ke sahAre hameM aisI kAlajayI kRti pradAna kI hai ki jisane deza-kAla kI parisImAoM ko lAMghakara mAnavIya saMvedanA ke prAMgaNa meM apanA sthAna hamezA surakSita rakhA hai| Aja bhI aNu visphoTa kI ghora AtmaghAtI AkAMkSAoM se karAhatI duniyA meM sUrasAgara meM viracita rAsa-lIlA anirvacanIya Ananda pradAna karane meM sakSama hai| prema kI nizchalatA, vizAla hRdayoM,kI aMtaraMgatA, sAmAnya va grAmINa jIvana kI sahajatA tathA saMpreSaNatA, vizvasanIyatA ke kAraNa sUrasAgara na kevala apanI asmitA ko sthira rakhane meM sahAyaka huA hai varan vaha sAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA para uThAI gaI samasta AkAMkSAoM ko bhI nirmUla siddha karatA hai| niSkarSa : - donoM granthoM kA paravartI sAhitya para prabhAva, unakA mahattva tathA prAsaMgikatA ityAdi para vivecana karane ke bAda hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki donoM granthoM kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna hai| Aja ke bhautika yuga meM bhI aneka dRSTikoNa se inakI prAsaMgikatA yathAvat banI huI hai| Aja ke saba taraha se azAMta tathA trasta manuSya ko ye grantha asIma zAMti pradAna karane meM sahAyaka haiN| donoM granthoM kA apane-apane kSetroM meM nizcita evaM atulanIya prabhAva par3A hai| isa dRSTi se sUrasAgara kA prabhAva apekSAkRta adhika parilakSita hai| jaina paramparA meM varNita sampUrNa kRSNa kAvya ke lie harivaMzapurANa eka Adarza kAvya grantha siddha huA hai| usI taraha hindI sAhitya meM varNita kRSNa caritra ke lie suursaagr| AcArya jinasena evaM sUradAsa kI preraNA se zatAbdiyoM bAda bhI unake granthAnusAra aneka racanAoM kA nirmANa huA hai, jo unake kAvya ke mahattva ko ujAgara karatA hai| =375

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donoM granthakAroM ne kevala apane kathya kRSNacaritra va paramparAgata darzana kA hI citraNa nahIM kiyA varan tatkAlIna saMskRti ko bhI nirUpita kiyA, jisase ina granthoM kA adhyayana aura bhI Avazyaka bana gyaa| ina granthoM meM nirUpita kRSNa caritra bhI apane-apane kSetra meM eka Adarza kA pratIka bana gayA hai| jaina paramparA ke kRSNa kaviyoM ne na kevala saMskRta bhASA meM hI varan apabhraMza, hindI Adi vibhinna bhASAoM ke granthoM meM harivaMzapurANa kA Azraya lekara, isako mahimA-maMDita kiyA hai| yaha kArya adyAvadhi taka calatA rahA hai, jo kRti ko kAlajayI pramANita karatA hai| isI taraha sUrasAgara ke kathya ko bhI na kevala bhaktikAla tathA rItikAla meM apitu Adhunika kAla meM bhI svIkAra karane se aneka granthoM kA nirmANa huA hai| . tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAya to harivaMzapurANa meM tatkAlIna saMskRti kA nirUpaNa apekSAkRta adhika huA hai| kAraNa spaSTa hai ki jinasenAcArya ke pAsa vistRta bhAva-bhUmi thI jabaki sUrasAgara meM to kevala kRSNa ke bAla kizora lIlAoM kA hI sarvAdhika varNana huA hai| isa prakAra donoM hI granthoM kA apane-apane kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kisI ko adhamottama nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki donoM kI dArzanika pIThikA tathA bhAvanAtmaka saMracanA alaga-alaga prakAra kI hai| upasaMhAra . harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara meM varNita kRSNa caritra kA tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se adhyayana karane ke pazcAt hama jina niSkarSoM para pahu~cate haiM, unakA saMkSepa meM nirdeza karake hama isa adhyayana kA samAhAra kreNge| zrI kRSNa kA vyaktitva bahumukhI hai, darzana, dharma, itihAsa, purANa aura kAvya kSetroM meM usakA bahuvidha AkhyAna evaM citraNa huA hai| vedoM se lekara purANa kAvya, saMskRta kAvya, bhaktikAlIna sAhitya paramparA evaM Adhunika kAla taka yaha gatizIla vyaktitva aneka rUpoM meM vikasita hai| kevala brAhmaNa paramparA hI nahIM varan jaina paramparA meM bhI kRSNa caritra kA vizad varNana hai| Agama sAhitya se paurANika kAvya evaM Adhunika kAla taka isa caritra ke nirUpaNa meM jaina kaviyoM ne mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| kRSNa ke vyaktitva kA vaidika sAhitya se, jo varNana milatA hai, vaha kramazaH vikasita hotA dikhAI detA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki kRSNa ke vyaktitva meM unake aneka caritroM kA sundara samanvaya huA ho| vedoM meM kRSNa mantra-draSTA RSi haiM to upaniSadoM meM nArAyaNa svarUpa / mahAbhArata meM kRSNa ko dharmarakSaka batAyA gayA hai to purANoM meM bhakti ke mukhyAdhAra evaM rsik-bihaarii| kRSNa vyaktitva ke vikAsa meM AbhIroM ke bAla kRSNa kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unake bAlakRSNa kA vaidika viSNu tathA mahAbhArata ke kRSNa meM sundara samanvaya huA hai| unakA yahI samanvita svarUpa laukika saMskRta sAhitya meM tathA bhakti ke Alambana ke rUpa meM 3768

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citrita huA hai| hindI sAhitya ke kRSNa bhakti kAvya paramparA meM zrI kRSNa kA yahI svarUpa nirUpita huA hai| isa paramparA meM "sUrasAgara" mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina paramparA ke Agama sAhitya meM kRSNa caritra ke vividha prasaMga ullekhita hai| inhIM prasaMgoM ko unake paurANika sAhitya meM vyavasthita evaM vikasita rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| jisameM "harivaMzapurANa" savizeSa ullekhanIya hai| paurANika sAhitya ke pazcAt bhI isa paramparA ke vividha granthoM meM kRSNa caritra ko varNita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kRSNa caritra vividha sampradAyoM meM, vividha bhASAoM meM, vividha kAloM meM sarvavyApaka bana gayA hai| __vyaktitva kI dRSTi se Alocya kRtiyoM ke donoM kavi atIva lokapriya haiN| inhoMne apane sambandha meM bahuta hI kama likhA hai| ataH unakA jIvana-vRtta aneka janazrutiyoM se samAcchanna rahA hai| upalabdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para jJAta hotA hai ki donoM bhakta kavi the| jinasenAcArya ne digambara sampradAya ke punnATa saMgha se dIkSA lekara muni dharma svIkAra kiyA thA to mahAkavi sUra vaiSNava paramparA ke puSTi sampradAya se dIkSita hue the| jinasena ke mAtA-pitA, janma sthAna, zikSA, ityAdi kI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai parantu ye punnATa saMgha se dIkSita the tathA inake guru kA nAma kIrtiSeNa thA, jinakI anukampA se ve harivaMzapurANa jaise vizAlakAya paurANika mahAkAvya kA nirUpaNa kara sake, isakA spaSTa ullekha unakI kRti meM milatA hai| aba taka kI prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra harivaMzapurANa ke sivAya unakI kisI dUsarI kRti kI jAnakArI nahIM milI hai| vallabha sampradAya se dIkSita hone se pUrva "sUra" karma, yoga, jJAna, upAsanA Adi meM vizvAsa karate the| AcArya vallabha ne anugrahapUrvaka unake dainya ko dUra kara unheM sUratva pradAna kiyA evaM zrI kRSNa lIlAgAna kA Adeza diyaa| donoM kaviyoM kA jIvana unmukha rhaa| donoM ne apanI-apanI paramparAnusAra kRSNa caritra kA varNana kara amara yaza kI prApti kii| _ kRtitva kI dRSTi se dekheM to donoM kaviyoM kA mukhya varNya viSaya eka rhaa| jinasenAcArya ne prabandha kAvya meM zrI kRSNa ke sampUrNa jIvana ko bauddhikatA ke AdhAra para navIna dRSTikoNa se nirUpita kiyA to isa sambandha meM sUra ne kRSNa kI bAla evaM yauvana lIlAoM para bhAgavatAnukrameNa kramabaddha geyapadazailI meM muktaka racanA kA nirmANa kiyaa| donoM kaviyoM kI racanAe~ bhAva evaM kAvyatva kI dRSTi se zreSTha rhiiN| donoM kaviyoM ne pUrvavartI sAhitya se paryApta rUpa se preraNA grahaNa kii| jinasenAcArya jaina paramparA ke Agama sAhitya meM varNita kRSNa vyaktitva ke vividha prasaMgoM se prabhAvita rhe| unake kAvya para pUrvavartI kAvya-dhArA evaM kAvya-zailI kA spaSTa prabhAva rhaa| isI paramparAgata kAvya ke AdhAra para unhoMne harivaMzapurANa kA nirmANa kiyaa| sUra para bhAgavata, nAmadeva, jayadeva Adi kA prabhAva rhaa| inhoMne isI paramparA kA nirvAha kara samasta pada sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyaa| - =377

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donoM granthoM kI kathAvastu para vicAra kiyA jAya to donoM granthoM kA varNya-viSaya kRSNa-caritra rahA hai| donoM granthoM meM apanI paramparAnusAra kRSNa vyaktitva ko kucha sAmya tathA vaiSamya ke sAtha varNita kiyA gayA hai| jinasenAcArya ne kRSNa ko nauMvA nArAyaNa evaM zalAkApuruSa siddha kiyA hai to sUra ne bhakti kA mukhya aalmbn| jinasenAcArya ne kRSNa ko vIra, sAhasI, apratima yoddhA tathA AdhyAtmika rAjapuruSa batalAyA hai to sUra ne gopIjana priya, rAsakrIr3AoM ke nAyaka tathA lokapuruSa ke rUpa meM unakA varNana kiyA hai| sUra kA mana kRSNa caritra ke sampUrNa vyaktitva meM na ramakara mAtra unakI bAla evaM kizora lIlAoM taka hI sImita rahA hai| bhAgavata kA anusaraNa karane hetu anya prasaMgoM ko bhI unhoMne saMkSepa meM nirUpita kiyA hai parantu ve mAtra varNana bana kara rahe gaye haiN| sUkSmAtisUkSma bhAvoM kI kalAtmaka abhivyakti to vAtsalya evaM zRMgAra varNana meM hI parilakSita hotI hai| ' harivaMzapurANa meM kavi ne kRSNa caritra meM kucha navInatAe~ pradAna kI haiM, jo jainetara kRSNa sAhitya meM kahIM nahIM miltii| kRSNa kA ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI honA, unake chaH bhAIyoM dvArA jaina dIkSA lenA, rukmiNI haraNa ke samaya zizupAla kA vadha karanA, mahAbhArata kA yuddha kauravoM tathA pANDavoM kA yuddha na hokara zrI kRSNa va jarAsaMdha kA nirNAyaka yuddha honA, kRSNa kI bahina kA durgA rUpa meM pratiSThita honA, kRSNa parivAra dvArA jaina dIkSA lenA. ityAdi aneka prasaMga kavi kI maulika kalpanA ke paricAyaka haiN| kRSNa ke rAjanItijJa svarUpa meM tathA AdhyAtmika puruSa ke rUpa meM bhI kavi ne kathAnaka ko alaga dRSTikoNa se nirUpita kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM kRSNa ko zalAkA puruSa siddha karane ke lie unake aneka yuddhoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai, jisameM vIra rasa kI sundara abhivyakti hai| isa prakAra donoM kRtiyoM kI kathAvastu apane-apane kSetra meM ullekhanIya rahI hai| dArzanika vicAroM se donoM kaviyoM meM paryApta antara hai| AcArya jinasena kA digambara sampradAya se dIkSita hone ke kAraNa unhoMne samyak darzana, samyak caritra tathA samyak jJAna para hI sarvAdhika bala diyA hai kyoMki yahA~ "triratna" jaina darzana ke mUlAdhAra siddhAnta haiN| kavi ne jIva, AtmA, mAyA, bandha, mokSa, brahma, avatAravAda, karma tathA punarjanma ityAdi kA sUkSmAtisUkSma nirUpaNa kiyA hai, aisA tAttvika vivecana anyatra durlabha hai| kavi ne jaina sampradAya ke mukhya siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa meM mukhya bhUmikA nibhAI hai| unake syAdvAda, pA~ca bhAvanAe~, tIna guptiyA~, jIvAdi sAta tattva ityAdi ke saMzleSaNAtmaka vizleSaNa meM bhI gahana cintana kA citraNa huA hai| isa varNana meM kavi ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai, jo unakI AdhyAtmika gaharAI ko prakaTa karatI hai| ___mahAkavi sUra AcArya vallabha se dIkSita hone ke kAraNa unake vicAra vallabhAcArya se anumodita the| unake anusAra hI sUra ne brahma ko saccidAnanda, pUrNapuruSottama, akSara,

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sarvazaktimAna, vyApaka, ananta, vizuddha dharmAzrayI tathA adhikRta pariNAmI mAnA hai| zrI kRSNa ko ve parAtpara brahma mAnate haiN| sUra ne brahma ke saguNa rUpa kI mahattA kA hI pramukha rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA hai| isake alAvA inhoMne darzana ke anya tattvoM kA jaise jIva, mAyA, mokSa, svarga, naraka ityAdi kA bhI sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| sUra kA rAsa varNana bhI apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa hai| zuddhAdvaita siddhAntoM se prabhAvita hone ke bAvajUda unake vicAroM meM zAMkara vedAnta kA bhI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| sUra kA bhakta kavi hone ke kAraNa unhoMne bhAva pradhAna rAgAnurAgA-bhakti kA bhI samadhura rasapAna kiyA hai| rAdhAkRSNa va gopiyoM ke dvArA hI unhoMne apane madhura bhAvoM kI abhivyakti dI hai| unakA madhura bhAva saMbhoga kI krIr3AoM meM vikasita ho, viyoga kI puSTatA ko prApta karatA dikhAI detA hai| isa prakAra dArzanika tattvoM ke vizleSaNa meM donoM grantha prasiddha rahe haiN| kathA-zilpa kI bhA~ti donoM kaviyoM kA kalA-pakSa bhI utkRSTa, prAMjala aura parimArjita hai| isa nirUpaNa meM donoM kaviyoM ko samAna saphalatA milI hai| harivaMzapurANa meM zAMta va vIra rasa kI pramukhatA rahI hai to sUrasAgara meM vAtsalya aura zrRMgAra kii| isake alAvA bhI sAhitya ke sabhI rasoM kA sundara paripAka ina kAvyoM meM huA hai| donoM kRtiyoM meM alaMkAra yojanA kA bAhulya milatA hai| jinasenAcArya kI apekSA sUra ne zreSTha zabdAlaMkAroM kA subhaga samanvaya kiyA hai| . rUpaka, utprekSA, upamnA, sandeha jaise sAmAnya sAdRzamUlaka alaMkAroM meM donoM kaviyoM ko apane-apane kSetra meM samAna saphalatA milI hai| jinasenAcArya se sUra kI alaMkArayojanA sahaja evaM svAbhAvika rahI hai| vaha vidvajjanoM ke citta ko camatkRta karane meM pUrNa kSamatA rakhatI hai jabaki jinasenAcArya kI alaMkAra yojanA durUhatA ko prApta kara gaI hai| sUrasAgara meM dRSTikUTa evaM sAMgarUpaka padoM kI alaMkAra-yojanA sAhitya rasikoM ko atyadhika prabhAvita karatI hai| donoM kRtiyoM kI bhASA alaga-alaga hai| jinasenAcArya ne saMskRta meM apane kAvya kA nirmANa kiyA to sUra ne braja bhASA meN| do vibhinna bhASAoM ke kavi hone ke kAraNa unakI bhASA kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| parantu smaraNIya hai ki donoM kI bhASA apane granthoM meM Aja bhI apane rUpa meM surakSita rahI hai jisa rUpa meM vaha prayukta huI thii| jinasenAcArya kI bhASA paurANika saMskRta rahI hai, jo avasarAnukUla evaM AlaMkArika hai parantu mArmika sthaloM ko chor3a kara vaha bhI varNanAtmakatA ko grahaNa kara jAtI hai| sUra kI bhASA AsapAsa kI bhASAoM se prabhAvita rahI hai jo loka bhASA janamano'vagAhinI, lAlityayukta, AnuprAsika evaM RjutAyukta hai| isameM dhvanyAtmakatA evaM nAda saundarya kA bhI uttama vidhAna huA hai| bhASA ke bAda varNana-kauzala meM donoM kRtiyoM kA paryApta mahattva hai| sUrasAgara kI apekSA harivaMzapurANa meM varNanoM kI bAr3ha A gaI hai| % 3D

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donoM kaviyoM meM prakRti-prekSaNa kI pUrNa kSamatA hai| isa kSetra meM sUra kI saMvedana-samRddhi jinasenAcArya se adhika hai| kAvya rUpa kI dRSTi se harivaMzapurANa eka vizAlakAya paurANika carita mahAkAvya hai| sampUrNa kRSNa kathA isameM virATa kalpanA ke sAtha prastuta huI hai, jisameM bAhya jIvana mUlyoM kA sundara samAyojana hai| gItakAra sUra zuddha kAvya ke praNetA the| unakI kalpanA ne manorama muktaka kAvya kA nirmANa kiyA hai jo janavAdI dhArA tathA mAnavIya bhAvoM kI sahajatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| . __ harivaMzapurANa tathA sUrasAgara apane-apane kSetra ke paravartI kAvyoM kI racanAoM ke lie AdhAra staMbha grantha rahe haiN| jinasenAcArya kI kRti harivaMzapurANa jaina paramparA meM kRSNa caritra varNana ke lie upajIvya bana gaI hai| zatAbdiyoM pUrva banane vAlI kRti ko Aja bhI kaI kaviyoM ne ise AdhAra rUpa meM grahaNa kara isakI dhavala kIrti ko Alokita kiyA hai| kevala saMskRta bhASA hI nahIM varan apabhraMza, hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi vividha bhASAoM meM varNita jaina kRSNa caritra varNana para isakA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| sUrasAgara kI vilakSaNatA se vallabha, rAdhAvallabha, daridAsI tathA caitanya sampradAya ke paravartI kAvyoM kI racanAe~ pracura mAtrA meM prabhAvita rahI haiN| isa prabhAva kI vyApti rItikAlIna kaviyoM tathA Adhunika kAla ke kaviyoM taka rahI hai| kevala sAhityika dRSTi se hI nahIM parantu sAMskRtika dRSTi se bhI donoM granthoM kA abhUtapUrva mahattva, hai| donoM granthoM meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika, rAjanaitika evaM Arthika paristhitiyoM kA citraNa sUkSmatA ke sAtha huA hai| isa varNana meM sUrasAgara kI apekSA harivaMzapurANa Age hai, kyoMki usake pAsa vistRta bhAva bhUmi thI phalasvarUpa isameM mAnava jIvana ke vividha avasthAoM kA kalApUrNa nirUpaNa huA hai| sUrasAgara meM varNita sAMskRtikatA bhI kisI bhI dRSTi se kama nahIM hai| usakI lokapriyatA hI usake sarvazreSTha mahattva ko ujAkara karatI hai| usakI vANI janamAnasa meM adyAvadhi taka gUMjatI rahI hai| donoM kRtiyoM ke varNya-viSaya meM kRSNa caritra kA mAnavatAvAdI svarUpa dikhAI detA hai, yahI ina kRtiyoM kI sarvazreSTha siddhi hai| inakI kathA kA nAyaka atyanta sAdhAraNa janastara se apanA jIvana kA prArambha karatA hai| gopa-gvAloM kI nimna jAti meM usakA caritra vikasita hotA hai| janma se rAjavaMza se sambandhita hone para bhI vaha apane abhijAtya se aspRSTa rahatA hai| usake bacapana meM alaukikatA kI U~cI-U~cI taraMgeM uThatI haiM parantu gvAlabAloM ke sAtha usake gujarate sAmAjika jIvana meM kahIM kabhI nahIM aatii| taduparAnta jaba kathAnAyaka gokula vRndAvana ke grAmINa pariveza ko chor3akara mathurA jAte haiM to vahA~ janabhAvanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara atyAcArI kaMsa kA vadha karate haiN| Aja ke yuga meM bhI jananAyakoM dvArA janabhAvanA ke anusAra kAma karane kI paramAvazyakatA hai|

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dUsarI bAta kareM to kathAnAyaka kA adhinAyakavAda evaM sAmrAjyavAda ke khilApha virodha karanA bhI kama mahattva nahIM rkhtaa| aneka yAtanAe~ sahakara bhI unakA janavAdI saMgaThana kabhI nirasta nahIM hotaa| zrI kRSNa isI vicAra zreNI ke AdhAra para krAMtikArI paddhati se mathurA ke sAmrAjyavAda para prahAra kara usake AtaMka ko dhvasta karate haiN| ___inakI alaukika zaktiyA~ pUtanA, tRNAvarta, kAliyanAga ityAdi ke damana ke samaya dikhAI detI hai parantu usameM bhI mAnavIya parAkrama sahajatA ke sAtha dikhAI detA hai varanA yazodA, gvAlabAloM tathA gopiyoM para usa alaukikatA kA prabhAva kyoM nahIM par3A? isa prakAra ina kRtiyoM ke kathAnAyaka kRSNa kI lIlAoM meM mAnava mana ke bhAvoM kI sahaja AkRtiyA~ haiN| zrI kRSNa dvArA zizupAla tathA jarAsaMdha jaise rAjAoM kA vadha karanA bhI unakA anyAya evaM atyAcAra ke viruddha yuddha hai| unameM sattAlolupatA kahIM nahIM hai| ve unake rAjyoM ko jItakara unhIM ke sambandhiyoM ko pradAna karane meM tanika bhI nahIM hickicaate| kathAnAyaka dvArA janabhAvanA ko hI sarvopari mAnanA, unake dvArA mathurA se dvArikA jAne meM spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| jaba mathurA para jarAsaMdha dvArA unake khilApha bAra-bAra AkramaNa hotA hai, to mathurA kI janatA kSubdha ho jAtI hai, taba zrI kRSNa jana icchAnusAra mathurA ko tyAgane meM tanika bhI vilamba nahIM krte| kathAnAyaka dvArA nyAya kA pakSa lene meM bhI unakA koI sAnI nahIM hai| anyAya ke viruddha pANDavoM kA pakSa lenA, isakA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| itanA hI nahIM, kathAnAyaka meM AdhyAtmika bala kI bhI kamI nahIM, jo unake jIvana ke pratyeka prasaMga meM ghulA dikhAI detA hai| isa prakAra kRSNa caritra utkRSTa mAnavatA kA caritra hai jise harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara meM citrita kara donoM kaviyoM ne apAra kIrti ko prApta kiyA hai| usI mahAn caritra ko yahA~ tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhane kA hamane yathAzakti prayAsa kiyA hai| __ . 'zodha-saMdarbha meM vibhinna paramparAoM ke vibhinna granthoM meM kRSNa caritra ke bhI vibhinna rUpa spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| isase patA calatA hai ki vibhinna yugoM, kAloM meM, eka nahIM aneka kRSNa hue haiM jinake caritra aura vyaktitva kA kAlAntara meM eka hI kRSNa meM samanvayana huA dikhAI detA hai| ___ sAtha hI unakI lIlAoM aura caritroM kA AkhyAna bhI AdhyAtmika rUpaka evaM pratIkAtmakatA ko vizeSa dhvanita karate haiM, aitihAsikatA ko km| yadyapi isa para svataMtra zodha kA dvAra aba bhI khulA hai tathApi brahma, avatArI, mAnavopama vA devopama zrI kRSNa kA eka meM anekoM kI vyaktitva prabhA se Alokita prabhA kA rUpa hI kaviyoM kA grAhya aura mAnya rUpa rahA hai| astu| = -

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| TippaNiyA~ : . 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI - pR0 137 2. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI - pR0 412 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga-4) gulAbacaMda caudharI - pR0 72 raidhU sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa - DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina - pR0 108-207 harivaMza purANa - sarga 42 / 88-89 pR0 510 6. pradyumna caritra - sadhArU - pada saM0 51-52 7. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta vyaktitva aura kRtitva - DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla - pR0 85 .. harivaMza purANa - sarga 61/23-24 - pR0 735 balabhadra caupAI - yazodhara - pada saM0 51-52 10. harivaMza purANa - sarga 36/41 - pR0 465 11. jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 36 12. harivaMza purANa - sarga 42/79 - 510 13. jaina paramparA meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 36 14. harivaMza purANa - sarga 52/83 - pR0 602 15. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 37 . 16. harivaMza purANa - sarga 36/45 - pR0 465 . 17. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 39 18. harivaMza purANa - sarga 42/94-96 - pR0 511 19. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 61 20. harivaMza purANa - sarga 35/48 - pR0 454 21. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 61 22. harivaMza purANa - sarga 36/35-45 - pR0 465 . 23. harivaMza purANa - sarga 35/42 - pR0 453 24. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN. mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 61 25. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 60 26. harivaMza purANa - sarga 36/8 - pR0 460 27. jaina sAhitya meM zrIkRSNa - DaoN0 mahAvIra koTiyA - pR0 42 28. harivaMza purANa - sarga 26/59-62 - pR0 258 29. harivaMza purANa - sarga 26/57-71 - pR0 202-203 =282%

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43. 30. harivaMza purANa - sarga 23/42-45 - pR0 334 harivaMza purANa - sarga 18/06-15 - pR0 263 harivaMza purANa - sarga 17/162 - pR0 260 harivaMza purANa - sarga 4-7 - pR0 42-145 34. harivaMza purANa - sarga 47vA~ - pR0 556-568 35. harivaMza purANa - sarga 34vA sarga - pR0 419-447 36. harivaMza purANa - sarga 10vA sarga - pR0 185-197 37. sUrasAgara pada 3072 38. gItAvalI. tulasIdAsa - pada 28 39. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2454 40. aSTachApa paricaya kuMbhanadAsa - pada saM0 28 41. sUrasAgara pada - 1666 42. paramAnaMda saMgraha - DaoN. dInadayAla gupta - pada saM0 139 sUrasAgara - pada saM0 3950 . 44. paramAnaMda pada saMgraha - DaoN. dInadayAla gupta - pR0 233 45. sUrasAgara - pada saM0 3978 46. paramAnaMda pada saMgraha - DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta - pR0 324 47. . kRSNadAsa pada saMgraha - DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta - pada saM0 12 48. sUradAsa pada saM0 722 aSTachApa paricaya - prabhudayAla mittala - pada 20 50. sUrasAgara pada saM0 51. nandadAsa granthAvalI (nAgarI pracAriNIsabhA) - pada saM0 28 52. aSTachApa paricaya (caturbhujadAsa ke pada) - pada saM06 53. sUrasAgara paMda saM0 1984 54. rasakhAna va ghanAnaMda - rasakhAna pada saM0 55 55. sUrasAgara . 56. bihArI ratnAkara - 388 57. sUrasAgara pada saM0 2736 58. bihArI ratnAkara - 41 59: . sUrasAgara pada saM0 3980 60. matirAma ratnAvalI pada saM0 70

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sUrasAgara pada saM0 3850 62. deva va usakI kavitA pR0 184 63. sUrasAgara pada 1767 64. rasakhAna aura ghanAnaMda (ghanAnaMda chaMda - 19) 65. sUrasAgara pada saM0 769 bhAratendu graMthAvalI - rAgasaMgraha - pada 30 sUrasAgara pada saM0 3487 68. uddhava zataka (ratnAkara) pada saM0 26 69. sUrasAgara pada saM0 3300 70. uddhava zataka (ratnAkara) pada saM0 99 71. sUrasAgara pada saM0 701 72. kAmAyanI, jayazaMkara prasAda 73. sUrasAgara vyaktitva kRtitva - DaoN0 vedanAtha zarmA - pR0 184 -

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sandarbha - grantha - sUcI pariziSTa : (ka) hindI grantha grantha-nAma lekhaka (1) aSTachApa aura vallabha sampradAya : DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta (2) aSTachApa (gokulanAtha) :: saMpAdaka-DaoN0 dhIrendra varmA (3) AlavAra bhaktoM kA tamila prabandha aura kRSNa kAvya : DaoN0 malika mohammada (4) uddhava zataka : jagannAthadAsa 'ratnAkara' (5) kalyANa (kRSNAMka evaM zakti vizeSAMka) :: prakAzana-gItApresa, gorakhapura (6) kRSNa kathA koza .. : DaoN0 rAmacaraNa 'gauDa' (7) kRSNAyana :: dvArikAprasAda mizra (8) gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena (9) caurAsI vaiSNava kI vArtA : prakA.-veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI (10) jaina dharma : kailAzacanda 'zAstrI' (11) jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa : paM0 nAthUrAma premI (12) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa : gulAbacanda caudharI (13) jaina sAhitya meM zrI kRSNa : DaoN0 mahAvIra 'koTiyA' (14) jaina dharma evaM darzana . : paNDita becaradAsa (15) tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI aura usakI AcArya paramparA : DaoN0 nemIcanda zAstrI (16) dharma aura darzana : devendra muni zAstrI (17) purANa vimarza ': baladeva 'upAdhyAya' (18) pradyumna caupAI : sadhArU (19) prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : DaoN. jagadIza candra (20.) balabhadra caupAI : AcArya yazodhara (21) bhaktamAla nAmAvalI : nAbhAjIkRta (22) bhramaragIta sAra : saM0 AcArya rAmacandra zukla

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(23) bhAratIya sAdhanA aura sUra sAhitya ': DaoN0 muMzIrAma 'zarmA' (24) bhAratIya darzana ': DaoN0 pArasanAtha 'dvivedI' (25) bhAratIya saMskRti ko jaina dharma kA yogadAna : DaoN0 hIrAlAla 'jaina'. (26) bhAvaprakAza : harirAma kRta (27) mahAkavi sUradAsa : AcArya nandadulAre 'vAjapeyI' (28) madhyakAlIna hindI kRSNa kAvya meM rUpa saundarya : DaoN. puruSottamadAsa agravAla' (29) mIrA~ jIvanavRnta : muMzI devIprasAda (30) mIrA~ eka adhyayana : zabanama (31) mIrA~bAI padAvalI : vidyAnava (32) raidhU sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina . . (33) raviSeNa kRta padmapurANa aura tulasIkRta rAmacarita mAnasaH DaoN0 ramAkAnta 'zukla' (34) razmirathi : rAmadhArI siMha dinakara (35) rAjasthAna ke jaina kavi : vyaktitva va kRtitva : DaoN0 kastUracanda 'kAsalIvAlaM' (36) rAmacarita mAnasa : gosvAmI tulasIdAsa (37) sUra aura usakA sAhitya : DaoN0 haravaMzalAla 'zarmA' (38) sUradAsa : DaoN0 pItAmbara 'baDthavAla' (39) sUradAsa ': DaoN0 brajezvara 'varmA' (40) sUradAsa : AcArya rAmacandra 'zukla' (41) sUra nirNaya : DaoN0 dvArakAdAsa pArIkha evaM prabhudayAla mittala (42) sUra kI jhA~kI : DaoN0 satyendra (43) sUrasAgara bhAga 1 va 2 ': sa0 AcArya nandadulAre 'vAjapeyI (44) sUra-saurabha : DaoN0 muMzIrAma 'zarmA' (45) sUra kI kAvya kalA : DaoN0 madanamohana 'gautama' (46) sUra sAhitya : DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI (47) sUra ke kRSNa eka anuzIlana .: razmi 'tivArI' (48) sUradAsa aura narasiMha mehatA : DaoN0 bhramaralAla 'jozI'

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: yajJadatta : rAmadhArIsiMha 'dinakara' : DaoN0prakAzacanda jaina : rAjanAtha 'zarmA' : DaoN0 nagendra : AcArya rAmacandra zukla : DaoN0 saMtoSa 'pArAzara' : DaoN0 zyAmasundara dAsa : DaoN0 harIza : pu0ke0 zAstrI (49) sUra sAhitya aura siddhAnta (50) saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya (51) harivaMzapurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana (52) hindI sAhitya kA vivecanAtmaka itihAsa (53) hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa (54) hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa (55) hindI kRSNa kAvya meM bhakti aura vedAnta (56) hindI bhASA aura sAhitya (57) hindI rAsa kAvya (58) vaiSNava dharma kA saMkSipta itihAsa . (kha) saMskRta grantha (1) Rgveda (2) yajurveda (3) mahAbhArata (4) zrImadbhagavadgItA - (5) : harivaMzapurANa (jaina) (6) zrImad bhAgavata (7) vedAntasAra (8) jJAnasAra (9) triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita (10) manusmRti / (11) sAhitya darpaNa (12) bRhadAraNyaka (13) uttara purANa (14).AdipurANa (15) aNubhASya (16) tattvArtha sUtra : prakAzaka-vedamandira, dillI : prakAzaka-vedamandira, dillI : prakAzaka-gItA presa, gorakhapura : prakAzaka-gItA presa, gorakhapura : sa0 paNDita pannAlAla : prakAzaka-gItA presa, gorakhapura : rAmAnujAcArya : upAdhyAya yazovijaya : hemacandrAcArya : sa0 gaMgAnAtha 'jhA' : AcArya vizvanAtha : AcArya vizvanAtha : guNabhadrAcArya : jinasena : prakA.-bambaI saMskRta sirIja 'pUnA' : umAsvAti 387

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(17) ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra : AcArya samantabhadra (18) candrAloka : jayadeva (19) viSNupurANa : prakAzaka-gItA presa, gorakhapura (20) brahmavaivartapurANa : prakAzaka-gItA presa, gorakhapura (21) padmapurANa . : prakAzaka-gItA presa, gorakhapura (22) agnipurANa : prakAzaka-gItA presa, gorakhapura . (ga) gujarAtI grantha (1) zrImad bhAgavata kathA : zrI rAmacandra DoMgare :mahArAja' (2) vicAra darzana .: prakAzaka-saradAra paTela * vi.vi., vallabha vidyAnagara (3) bhagavAn zrI neminAtha ane zrI kRSNa : niraMjana vijaya (gha) aMgrejI grantha (1) The Cultural Heritage of India-Vol.-11 : By D.R. Ramasvami (2) Vaishnavism Shaivism and Minor Religious Systems . : By R.H. Bhandarkar (3) The Foundation of Indian Culture (Ga) patra-patrikAe~ (1) rAjasthAna-patrikA (2) navabhArata TAImsa (3) dharmayuga (4) kAdambinI (5) jinavANI (6) akhaMDa-AnaMda (gujarAtI) (7) gujarAta-samAcAra (gujarAtI) (8) navanIta -

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DaoN. udArAma vaiSNava janma zikSA adhyApana 10 julAI 1961 ema0e0 [dvitIya zreNI], rAjasthAna vizva vidyAlaya, jayapura 1987 ema0eDa0 [dvitIya zreNI], uttara gujarAta vizva vidyAlaya, pATaNa 1994 pIeca0DI0 - uttara gujarAta vizva vidyAlaya, pATaNa 1992 1984 se adhyApana sevaa| jinasenAcArya kRta harivaMzapurANa evaM sUrasAgara meM zrI kRSNa [tulanAtmaka adhyyn]| aneka nibandha va kavitAe~ vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prkaashit| nIma-hakIma [nATaka), dhana kI nazvaratA [smpaadn]| sAhityika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika va AdhyAtmika kSetra meM abhiruci| zodha prakAzana vizeSa samprati prAdhyApaka rAjakIya 206, jilA jAlora [raajsthaan]| ra, jilA jAlora [raajsthaan]|| sthAyI patA rAghavAzrita phona naM0 [02979] 223779