Jain Darm Me Karmsiddhant Ek Anushilan

Author(s): Bhaktisheelashreeji
Publisher: Sanskrit Prakrit Bhasha Bhasha Vibhag
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002299/1

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jaina dharma meM karma siddhAMta : eka anuzIlana pIec.DI zodha-prabaMdha * saMzodhaka vidyArthinI * sAdhvI bhaktizIlA * mArgadarzaka * DaoN. kAMcana vhI. mAMDe * saMzodhana sthala * saMskRta-prAkRta bhASA vibhAga puNe vidyApITha, puNe - 7 varSa 2009

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Date : CERTIFICATE This is to Certify that the work incorporated in the thesis "jainadharma meM karma-siddhAMta : eka anuzIlana' Submitted by Jain Saddhvi Bhaktiseela, is a genuine work. It is carried out by the candidate under my supervision. Such material as has been obtained from other sources, has been duly aknowledged in the thesis. Mande (Dr. Kanchan Mande) Guide vibhAga pramukha saMskRta-prAkRta bhASA vibhAga 7 vidyApITha puNe-411 007.

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DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis entitled " # -fwegia: Ich 3152 " submitted by me for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is the record of the work carried out by me during the period from 2006 to 2009 under the guidance of Dr. Kanchan V. Mande and has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, deploma, associateship, fellowship, titles in this or any other University or other institution of Higher learning. I further declare that the material obtained from other sources has been duly acknowledged in the thesis. sAdhvI bhavittIlA Signature of the Candidate Date : PUNE

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RNa nirdeza Aja merA Ph.D. kA prabaMdha pUrNatA kI ora pahu~cA hai| RNanirdeza karane meM aupacArikatA nahIM ho sktii| vidyA vAcaspati (Ph.D.) isa upAdhi taka pahu~cane ke pUrva aura prApta karane taka aneka vyakti, saMsthAe~, graMthAlayoM kI bahumUlya madada hotI hai| ina saba ke prati merA AdarabhAva RNa nirdeza se vyakta karatI huuN| prabaMdha ke abhyAsa ke rUpa meM bhale hI merA nAma ho, paraMtu usake pIche anekoM kI mehanata, sahakArya aura sadicchAe~ haiN| vizvasaMta jinazAsana caMdrikA dAdIjI ma.sA. pU. ujjvalakumArIjI ma.sA. kI maiM atyaMta RNI huuN| jinhoMne mujhe Ph.D. taka pahu~cAne meM adRzya rUpa se sahAyatA kI hai| ujjvala saMgha prabhAvikA prakhara vyAkhyAtA sAdhvI ratnA guruNI maiyA pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI mahAsatIjI tathA navakAra sAdhikA pU. DaoN. cAritrazIlAjI mahAsatIjI ko maiM nahIM bhUla sakatI jinhoMne mere isa zodha prabaMdha ke lie athAha mehanata kI hai| unake AzIrvAda se maiM Aja yahA~ taka pahu~ca sakI huuN| maiM unakA RNa kRtajJatApUrvaka vyakta karatI huuN| mere zodha prabaMdha ke mArgadarzaka, samaya-samaya para bahumUlya sevA dene vAle pUnA vidyApITha ke DaoN. kAMcana mAMDe kA RNa maiM kRtajJatApUrvaka vyakta karatI huuN| bhAvI jIvana meM bhI ina sabhI kI sadicchA mere lie preraNAdAyI banI rhe| yahI zubhakAmanA hai|

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viSayAnukramaNikA CERTIFICATE DECLARATION RNanirdeza (4) prastAvanA 1-13 prathama prakaraNa 14-74 karma siddhAMta ke mUla graMtha Agama vAGmaya . mAnava jIvana aura dharma 18, jIvana kI paribhASA 18, adhyAtma evaM dharma kI bhUmikA 18, bhAratIya saMskRti kI triveNI 19, vaidika saMskRti 20, zramaNa saMskRti 21, bauddha dharma22, jaina dharma 22, itihAsa evaM paraMparA 23 , jaina dharma kI sArvajanInatA 24, jaina dharma kA aMtima lakSya : zAzvata zAMti 25, kAlacakra 25, samIkSA 26, avasarpiNI kAla ke chaha Are 26, utsarpiNI kAla ke chaha Are 27, samIkSA 28, tIrthaMkara evaM dharmatIrtha 28, tIrthaMkaropadeza Agama 29, AgamoM kI bhASA 30, bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dharmadezanA 31, AgamoM kA mahattva 32, AgamoM kA saMkalana 32, prathama vAcanA 32, dvitIya vAcanA 33, tRtIya vAcanA 33, AgamoM kA vistAra 34, Agama : anuyoga 34, caraNakaraNAnuyoga 34, dharmakathAnuyoga 34, gaNitAnuyoga 35, dravyAnuyoga 35, aMga Agama paricaya 35, AcArAMgasUtra 36, sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 37, sthAnAMgasUtra 38, samavAyAMgasUtra 39, vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra 39, jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra 40, upAsakadazAMgasUtra 40, antakRtdazAMgasUtra 41, anuttaraupapAtikasUtra 41, prazravyAkaraNa 41, vipAkasUtra 42, dRSTivAda 42, upAMga paricaya 42, aupapAtikasUtra 43,rAjaprazrIyasUtra 43, jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra 44, prajJApanAsUtra 44, jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra 44, sUryaprajJapti-caMdraprajJapti 45, nirayAvalikA-kalpikAsUtra 45, kalpAvataMsikAsUtra 46, puSpikAsUtra 46, puSpacUlikAsUtra 46, vRSNidazA 46, cAra mUlasUtra paricaya 46, dazavaikAlikasUtra 47, uttarAdhyayanasUtra 48, naMdIsUtra 48, anuyogadvArasUtra49, cAra chedasUtra 49, vyavahArasUtra 50, bRhat kalpasUtra 50, Agama gRha 51, nizIthasUtra 51, dazAzrutaskaMdhasUtra 52, AvazyakasUtra 52, prakIrNaka Agama sAhitya 53, causaraNa : catuHzaraNa prakIrNaka 54, Aura-paccakkhANa : AturapratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka 55, mahApaccakkhANa : mahApratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka 55, bhattapariNNA : bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka 55, taMdulaveyAliya : tandulavaicArika prakIrNaka56, saMthAraga(saMstAraka) prakIrNaka 56, gacchAyAra : gacchAcAra prakIrNaka 57, gaNivijjA : gaNividyA prakIrNaka 57, devAdhideva devendrastava prakIrNaka 57, vIratthao : vIrastuti prakIrNaka 58, maraNasamAhI (maraNasamAdhI) 58, mahAnizItha chedasUtra 59, jIyakappasutta jItakalpasUtra 59, piMDanijjutti, ohanijjutti 59, oghaniyukti 60, piNDaniyukti oghaniyukti 60, AgamoM para vyAkhyA sAhitya 60, niyukti 61, bhASya 61,

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cUrNi 62, TabbA 62, samIkSA 63, TIkA 63, zvetAMbara digaMbara paricaya 64, digaMbaroM ke sarvamAnya zAstra 64, SaTkhaNDAgama 65, SaTkhaNDAgama para vyAkhyA sAhitya 66, dhavalA kI racanA 66, kaSAyapAhuDa (kaSAyaprAbhRta) 66, tiloyapannatti (tilokaprajJapti) 67, AcArya kuMdakuMda ke pramukha graMtha 67, paMcAstikAya 67, pravacanasAra 68, samayasAra 68, niyamasAra 69, rayaNasAra 69, digaMbara paraMparA meM saMskRta racanAyeM 69, niSkarSa 69, saMdarbha sUcI 71, dvitIya prakaraNa 75-122 karma kA astitva AtmA kA astitva : karma astitva kA paricAyaka * indrabhUti gautama kI AtmA viSayaka zaMkA aura nirAkaraNa 78, jJAnaguNa ke dvArA AtmA kA astitva 78, jahA~ AtmA vahA~ jJAnaguNa 78, zarIrAdi bhoktA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi 79, paraloka ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi 79, zarIrastha sArathI ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi 79, upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi 79, Agama pramANa se AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi 80, AtmA kA asAdharaNa guNa : caitanya 80, jahA~ karma vahIM saMsAra 80, AtmA kI do avasthAe~ 81, saMsArI (azuddha) dazA kA mukhya kAraNa : karma 82, karma astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma 83, pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kyoM mAne? 84, pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke samaya zarIra naSTa hotA hai AtmA nahIM 85, pratyakSa-jJAniyoM dvArA kathita pUrvajanma-punarjanma vRttAnta 86, pratyakSa-jJAniyoM aura bhAratIya manISiyoM dvArA punarjanma kI siddhi 88, Rgveda meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa 88, upaniSadoM meM karma aura punarjanma kA ullekha 89, bhagavadgItA meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa 89, bauddha darzana meM karma aura punarjanma 90, nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM karma aura punarjanma 91, adRSTa (karma ke sAtha hI) pUrvajanma-punarjanma kA saMbaMdha 91, sAMkhya darzana meM karma aura punarjanma 92, mImAMsA darzana meM karma aura punarjanma 92, yogadarzana meM karma aura punarjanma 92, mahAbhArata meM pUrvajanma aura punarjanma 92, manusmRti meM punarjanma ke astitva kI siddhi 93, pUrvajanma ke vaira virodha kI smRti se punarjanma kI siddhi 93, AtmA kI nityatA se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI siddhi 93, pAzcAtya dArzanika graMthoM meM punarjanma 94, pUrvajanma aura punarjanma mAnava jAti ke lie AdhyAtmika upahAra 95, parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi se punarjanma aura karma 96 punarjanma kI siddhi ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA aura karma ke astitva kI siddhi 97, jIte jI punarjanmoM kA jJAna evaM smaraNa 98, premAtmAoM kA sAkSAt saMparka : punarjanma kI sAkSI 99, jaina darzana kI dRSTi se pretAtmA ke lakSaNa evaM svarUpa 100, pretAtmA dvArA priya pAtra kI adRzya sahAyatA 101, phoTo dvArA sUkSma zarIra kA astitva 101, punarjanma siddhAMta kI upayogitA 102,

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa jagata vaicitrya 102, bauddha darzana kI dRSTi se visadRzatA kAraNa karma 108, karma astitva kaba se kaba taka? 109, tAtvika dRSTi se karma aura jIva kA sAdi aura anAdi saMbaMdha 110, AtmA anAdi hai to kyA karma bhI anAdi haiM? 111, karma aura AtmA meM pahale kauna? 111, donoM ke anAdi saMbaMdha kA aMta kaise? 113, bhavya aura abhavya jIva kA lakSaNa 114, abhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha anAdi anaMta saMbaMdha 114, bhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha saMbaMdha anAdi sAnta 114, saMdarbha-sUcI 116 tRtIya prakaraNa 123-167 karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 125, karmapravAha toDe binA paramAtmA nahIM banate 125, karmavAda ke avirbhAva kA kAraNa 126, bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA kAlAnusAra jIvana jIne kI preraNA 126, karmamukti ke lie dharmapradhAna samAja kA nirmANa 127, dharma-karma-saMskRti Adi kA zrIgaNeza 128, karmavAda kA prathama upadeza : bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA 129, karmavAda kA AvirbhAva kyoM aura kaba? 129, karmavAda kA AviSkAra kyoM kiyA gayA? 130, tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane yuga meM karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 131, bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 131, gaNadharoM kI karmavAda saMbaMdhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna 131, jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA samutthAnakAla 133, karmavAda ke samutthAna kA mUla srota133, karmavAda kA vikAsa krama : sAhitya racanA ke saMdarbha meM 135, vizva vaicitrya ke pAMca kAraNa138, pratyeka kArya meM pAMca kAraNoM kA samavAya aura samanvaya 139, ekAMta kAlavAda 140, ekAMta svabhAvavAda 140, ekAMta niyativAda 140, karmadAda mImAMsA 141, karmavAda samIkSA 142, puruSArthavAda kI mImAMsA 144, puruSArthavAda samIkSA 145, pAMca kAraNavAdoM kA samanvaya145, mokSaprApti meM paMcakAraNa samavAya 146, sarvatra paMcakAraNa samavAya se kArya siddhi 147, karma zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa 147, karma kA sArvabhauma sAmrAjya 147, jainadRSTi se karma ke artha meM kriyA aura hetuoM kA samAveza 149, pudgala kA yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa karmarUpa meM pariNamana 150,vibhinna paraMparAoM meM karma ke samAnArthaka zabda 151,karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 152, dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI prakriyA 153, nimitta naimittika zrRMkhalA 154, bhAvakarma kI utpatti meM dravyakarma kAraNa kyoM mAneM ?154, bhAvakarma kI utpatti kaise ? 155, yoga aura kaSAya AtmA kI pravRtti ke do rUpa 155, jitanA kaSAya tIvra-maMda utanA hI karma kA baMdha tIvra-maMda 155, karma saMskAra rUpa bhI pudgala rUpa bhI 156, AtmA kI vaibhAvika kriyAe~ karma haiM 157, pramAda hI saMskAra rUpa karma (Astrava) kA kAraNa 157, kArmaNa zarIra : kArya bhI hai kAraNa bhI hai 158, pudgala kA karma rUpa meM pariNamana kaise? 159, jIva ke rAgAdi pariNamana meM paudgalika karma nimitta 160, jIva pudgala karmacakra 161, saMdarbha-sUcI 162

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caturtha prakaraNa 168-233 karma kA virATa svarUpa karmabaMdha kI vyavasthA aSTakarmoM kA krama 171, karma ke mukhya do vibhAga 171, karmoM ke lakSaNa 172, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA nirUpaNa 174, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA anubhAva phala bhoga 175, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ 177, matijJAnAvaraNIya karma178, matijJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdha ke kAraNa aura nivAraNa 178, zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma 179, zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karmabaMdha ke kAraNa aura nivAraNa 179, avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma 180, mana:paryAyajJAna kI vizeSatA 180, kevalajJAna 181, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva 182, darzanAvaraNIya karma kA nirUpaNa 183, darzanAvaraNIya karma cha: prakAra se bAMdhe 184, darzanAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva 186, vedanIya karma kA nirUpaNa 187, vedanIya karma kA vistAra 188, asAtAvedanIya karma kA phalAnubhAva 188, sAtAvedanIya karma daza prakAra se bAMdhe 189, asAtAvedanIya karma bAraha prakAra se bAMdhe 190, sAtA-asAtAvedanIya karma kA prabhAva 190, mohanIya karma kA nirUpaNa 191, mohanIya karma kA vistAra 193, cAritramohanIya karma kA svarUpa 193, darzanamohanIya karma kI tIna prakRtiyA~ . 194, cAritramohanIya karma ke do bheda 194, kaSAya-cAritra-mohanIya kI 16 prakRtiyA~ 195, anaMnatAnubaMdhI kaSAya 195, nokaSAya-cAritra-mohanIya kA svabhAva 198, mohanIya karmabaMdha ke 6 kAraNa 200, mohanIya karma pAMca prakAra se bhoge 200, mohanIya karma kA prabhAva 201, AyuSya karma kA nirUpaNa 201, AyuSya karma kA vistAra 202, AyuSya karma 16 prakAra se bA~dhe 202, AyuSya karma 4 prakAra se bhoge 205, AyuSya karma kA prabhAva 207, nAmakarma kA nirUpaNa 207, nAmakarma kA vistAra 207, nAmakarma 8 prakAra se bA~dhe 210, nAmakarma 28 prakAra se bhoge 211, nAmakarma kA prabhAva 211, gotrakarma kA nirUpaNa 212, gotrakarma kI 16 prakRtiyA~ 212, gotrakarma 16 prakAra se bhoge 213, gotrakarma kA prabhAva 213, aMtarAya karma kA nirUpaNa 213, aMtarAya karma kI 5 prakRtiyA~ 214, aMtarAya karma baMdha 5 prakAra se bhoge 216, aMtarAya karma kA prabhAva 216, karmabaMdha kI parivartanIya avasthA ke 10 kAraNa 217. anya paraMparA meM tIna avasthAe~ 220, karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa : rAgadveSa 221, rAga yA dveSa meM nukasAnakAraka kauna? 222, prazasta rAga 223, aprazasta rAga aura unake prakAra 224 paMcama prakaraNa 234-280 karmoM kI prakriyA karma pudgala jIva ko parataMtra banAte haiM 236, jIva ko parataMtra banAnevAlA zatru : karma 236, karma vijetA : tIrthaMkara 236, karma baMdha kA vyutpati labhya artha 237, AtmA zarIra saMbaMdha se puna: puna: karmAdhIna 237, jIva kaba svataMtra aura

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parataMtra 238, karma jIva ko kyoM parataMtra banAtA hai ? 238, karmoM dvArA jIvoM kA parataMtrIkaraNa 238, sukha-duHkha jIva ke karmAdhIna 241, mithyAtvI AtmA meM tapa tyAga kI bhAvanA kaise? 245, pratyeka AtmA svayaMbhU zakti saMpanna hai246, AtmA kI icchA binA karma paravaza nahIM hote 246, AtmA kA svabhAva svataMtra .246, karmarAja kA sarvatra sArvabhauma rAjya 247, karmarUpI vidhAtA kA vidhAna aTala hai 247, karma : zaktizAlI anuzAstA 248, mukti na ho taba taka karma chAyA kI taraha 249, karma kA niyama aTala hai 249, karmoM ke niyama meM koI apavAda nahIM 249, jar3a karma pudgala meM bhI asIma zakti 250, karma zakti se prabhAvita jIvana 250, karma aura AtmA donoM meM prabala zaktimAna kauna?251, karma zakti ko parAsta kiyA jA sakatA hai 252, Atma zakti, karma zakti se adhika kaise?253. karma martarUpa yA amUrta AtmA guNarUpa 254, karma ko mUrta rUpa na mAnane kA kyA kAraNa? 254, gaNadharavAda meM karma mUrta hai yA amUrta 254, mUrta kA lakSaNa aura upAdAna 255, SaDdravyoM meM pudgalAstikAya hI mUrta hai 256, gaNadharavAda meM karma kI mUrtatva siddhi 256, jaina dArzanika graMthoM meM karma kI mUrtatA siddhi 256, Apta vacana se karma mUrta rUpa siddha hotA hai 257, karmoM ke rUpa karma, vikarma aura akarma 257, kyA sabhI kriyAe~ karma hai ? 258, paccIsa kriyAe~ : svarUpa aura vizeSatA 258, sAMparAyika kriyAe~ hI baMdhakAraka, airyApathika nahIM 259, kriyA se karma kA Agamana avazya, sabhI karma baMdhakAraka nahIM 259, karma aura akarma kI paribhASA 260, baMdhaka, abaMdhaka karma kA AdhAra bAhya kriyAe~ nahIM 260, abaMdhaka kriyAe~ rAgAdi kaSAyayukta hone se baMdhakAraka 261, sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ akarma ke badale karmarUpa banatI haiM 261, karma kA artha kevala pravRtti nahIM, akarma kA artha nivRtti nahIM 262, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi se pramAda karma, apramAda akarma 262, sakaSAyI jIva hiMsAdi meM apramatta hone para bhI pApa kA bhAgI 263, karma aura vikarma meM aMtara 264, bhagavadagItA meM karma, vikarma aura akarma kA svarUpa 265, bauddha darzana meM karma, vikarma aura akarma vicAra 266, kauna se karmabaMdha kAraka, kauna se abaMdhakAraka ?266, tInoM dhArAoM meM karma, vikarma aura akarma meM samAnatA 266, karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 267 zubha karma : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa 268, azubha karma : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa 268, zubhatva aura azubhatva ke nirNaya kA AdhAra 269, bauddha darzana meM zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra 269, vaidika dharmagraMthoM meM zubhatva kA AdhAra : Atmavat dRSTi 270, jaina dRSTi se karma ke ekAMta zubhatva kA AdhAra : Atmatulya dRSTi 271, zuddha karma kI vyAkhyA 271, zubha azubha donoM ko kSaya karane kA krama 272, azubha karma se bacane para zeSa zubha karma prAya: zuddha banate haiM .272, saMdarbha-sUcI 274.

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SaSThama-prakaraNa 281-354 karmoM kA srota : Astrava __karma praveza : jIva meM kaise ? 283, Asrava kI vyAkhyAe~ 285, Asrava kA lakSaNa 285, puNyAsrava aura pApAsrava286, dravyAsrava aura bhAvAsrava 286, IryApatha aura sAMparAyika Asrava 287, Asrava ke pA~ca bheda 287, mithyAtva Asrava 288, avrata Asrava 290, pramAda Asrava 291, kaSAya Asrava 292, yoga Asrava 294,karmoM kA saMvaraNa : saMvara 294, saMvara kI vyAkhyAe~ 295, mokSamArga ke lie saMvara rAjamArga 296, samyaktva kA lakSaNa 297, samyaktva ke pA~ca aticAra 298, samyaktva ke bheda 299, virati 299, apramAda 301, akaSAya 302, ayoga 302,Asrava aura saMvara meM aMtara 303, nirAsravI hone kA upAya 304,niSkarSa 305, saMvara kA mahattva 305, karmoM kA nirjaraNa : nirjarA 305, nirjarA kA artha 306, nirjarA ke do prakAra 307, nirjarA ke bAraha prakAra 308, tapa kA mahattva 318, baMdha kA svarUpa 320,baMdha ke do bheda : dravyabaMdha aura bhAvabaMdha 321, baMdha ke cAra bheda 321, karmoM se sarvathA mukti 325, mokSa kA svarUpa 326, mokSa prApti ke upAya 327, mokSa ke lakSaNa 328, mokSa kA vivecana 328, vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa 329, jaina darzana meM mokSa 331, dravyamokSa aura bhAvamokSa 332, karmakSaya kA krama 333, mokSa : samIkSA 333, karmakSaya kA phala : mokSa 335, mokSa prApti kA prathama sopAna samyaktva 336, samyakdarzana 337, samyakjJAna 338, samyakcAritra 340, cAritra ke do bheda 341, nizcaya cAritra 341, vyavahAra cAritra 342, anya darzanoM meM trividha sAdhanAmArga 343, saMdarbha-sUcI 344. saptama prakaraNa 355-382 upasaMhAra __ supta zakti ko jagAe~ 356, anaMtazakti kA srota kahA? 356, bhAratIya darzana meM sAdhanA patha 357, jainasaMskRti 358, bhAratIya darzana aura jainadarzana 358, visarjana se sarjana 359, karma kI mahattA sabhI kSetroM meM 360, karmasiddhAMta ke mUla graMtha Agama vAGmaya 361, karma kA astitva 363, karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana 366, karma kA virATa svarUpa 369, karmoM kI prakriyA 372, karmoM se sarvathA mukti : mokSa 376. saMdarbhagraMtha sUcI 383-402 (10)

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prastAvanA "tAroM kI jyoti meM caMdra chipe nahIM sUrya chipe nahIM bAdala chaaye| megha garjana se mora chipe nahIM, sarpa chipe nahIM pUMgI bajAye // jaMga jur3e rajapUta chipe nahIM, dAtAra chipe nahIM mAMgana aaye| jogI kA veSa aneka karo, para karma chipe na bhabhUti rmaae||" ___ jisa prakAra tAroM kI jyoti meM caMdra chipatA nahIM, sUrya bAdaloM meM chipatA nahIM, megha garjanA se mora chipatA nahIM, puMgI bajane para sarpa chipatA nahIM, yuddha ke samaya rajapUta chipatA nahIM, mAMgane vAloM se dAtA chipatA nahIM, usI prakAra jogI kA veza dhAraNa karane para aura bhabhUti lagAne se bhI karma chUTate nhiiN| Aja kA yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai| isa yuga meM vijJAna zIghra gati se Age bar3ha rahA hai| vijJAna ke navanavIna AviSkAra vizvazAMti kA AvAhana kara rahe haiN| saMhAraka astra-zastra vidyuta gati se nirmita ho rahe haiN| __ Aja mAnava bhautika spardhA ke maidAna meM tIvragati se daur3a rahA hai| mAnava kI mahattvAkAMkSA Aja dAnava ke samAna bar3ha rahI hai| pariNAmata: mAnava nirjIva yaMtra banatA calA jA rahA hai| vijJAna ke tUphAna ke kAraNa dharmarUpI dIpaka tathA tattvajJAna rUpI dIpaka karIba-karIba bujhane kI avasthA para pahu~ca gaye haiN| aisI paristhitiyoM meM AtmazAMti tathA vizvazAMti ke lie vijJAna kI upAsanA ke sAtha tattvajJAna kI upAsanA bhI ati Avazyaka hai| Aja do khaMDa Amane sAmane ke jharokhe ke samAna karIba A gaye haiN| vijJAna ne manuSya ko eka dUsare se najadIka lAyA hai, paraMtu eka dUsare ke lie sneha aura sadbhAva kama ho gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM mAnava hI mAnava kA saMhAraka bana gayA hai| vijJAna kA vikAsa vividha zaktiyoM ko pAra kara aNu ke kSetra meM pahuMca cukA hai| mAnava jala, sthala tathA nabha para vijaya prApta kara anaMta aMtarikSa meM caMdramA para pahuMca cukA hai| itanA hI nahIM aba to maMgala tathA zukra graha para pahu~cane kA prayAsa bhI jArI hai| bhautikatA ke varcasva ne mAnava hRdaya kI komala vRttiyoM, zraddhA, sneha, dayA, paropakAra, nItimattA, sadAcAra tathA dhArmikatA Adi ko kuMThita kara diyA hai| mAnava ke AdhyAtmika aura naitika jIvana kA avamUlyana ho rahA hai| ___ vijJAna kI bar3hatI huI udyama zakti ke kAraNa vizva vinAza ke kagAra para A pahu~cA hai| aNu AyudhoM ke kAraNa kisI bhI kSaNa vizva kA vinAza ho sakatA hai| aisI viSama paristhitiyoM meM AzArUpI eka hI aisA dIpa hai jo duniyA ko pralaya rUpI aMdhakAra meM mArga dikhA skegaa|

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vaha AzArUpI dIpa tattvajJAna aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke karmavAda ko samajhanA hai| _ vijJAna ke sAtha agara tattvajJAna aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA karmavAda jur3a jAe to vijJAna vinAza ke sthAna para vikAsa kI dizA meM Age bddh'egaa| vijJAna kI zakti para tattvajJAna kA aMkuza hogA taba vizva meM sukha zAMti rhegii| bha. mahAvIra kA tattvajJAna aura karmavAda kA rahasya amRtatulya rasAyana hai| vahI isa vizva ko asaMtoSa aura azAMti kI vyAdhi se mukta kara sakatA hai| vijJAna ke kAraNa bhautika sAdhanoM kI bar3I unnati huI hai| unake kAraNa mAnava ko bAhya sukha to prApta huA hai, lekina AdhyAtmika duniyA meM koI khAsa parivartana nahIM huA hai| ___ Aja vijJAna kI jitanI upAsanA ho rahI hai, utanI tattvajJAna kI upekSA ho rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnava ko Atma zAMti prApta nahIM ho rahI hai| tattvajJAna ke kAraNa tathA karmavAda ke rahasya ko samajhane ke kAraNa aisI zAMti prApta hotI hai jisase vaha saMsAra kI pratyeka kriyA sAvadhAna pUrvaka kregaa| Aja vijJAna jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM pragati kara usameM khUba krAMti aura utkrAMti kara rahA hai| vaijJAnika AviSkAroM ke kAraNa mAnava zaktizAlI banA hai, yaha nirvivAda satya hai, paraMtu isa zakti kA upayoga kisa prakAra karanA hai isakA nizcaya vijJAna nahIM kara sktaa| zakti kA upayoga vikAsa ke lie karanA hai yA vinAza ke lie yaha mAnava ke hAtha meM haiM, yaha nirNaya lene meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tattvajJAna aura karmavAda mAnava ko mArgadarzaka ho sakatA hai| prakhyAta zAstrajJa tathA gaNitajJa AlabarTa AInasTAina ne aNu zakti kA AviSkAra kiyA, yaha aNu zakti jisa mUla dravya se nirmita hotI hai vaha daza pauMDa yUreniyama saMsAra ko eka mahine taka bijalI upalabdha karA sakatA hai aura mAnava jIvana ko adhika sukhI kara sakatA hai, paraMtu vahI yureniyama aTamabA~ba taiyAra karane ke lie upayoga meM lAyA jAe to mAnava jIvana naSTa bhI ho sakatA hai| amerikA ne aNu zakti kA upayoga karake aNubA~ba taiyAra kiye aura hirozimA tathA nAgAsAkI ina do jApAnI zaharoM para unheM girAkara lAkhoM logoM kA jIvana dhvasta kiyA, isalie mAnavIya pragati sacce arthoM meM ho to vijJAna aura tattvajJAna kA sAtha Avazyaka hai| vijJAna aura tattvajJAna pragati ke ratha ke do pahie haiN| ratha calAne ke lie jisa prakAra do pahiye Avazyaka hote haiM, usI prakAra pragati ke kadama sahI dizA meM bar3hAne ke lie vijJAna, tattvajJAna aura dharma kA sAtha atyaMta Avazyaka hai| vijJAna rUpI moTara ke lie tattvajJAna rUpI sTiyariMga vhIla anivArya hai| isalie vaijJAnika pragati ke sAtha tAtvika pragati honA bhI Avazyaka hai|

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vizva ke dezoM meM bhArata eka aisA deza hai, jisakI apanI vilakSaNa vizeSatAe~ haiN| anya dezoM meM jahA~ gaurava aura mahattva una logoM kA rahA, jinhoMne vipula vaibhava aura saMpatti arjita kI, ucca-uccastara, sattA aura adhikAra hastagata kiyA adhika vaibhava evaM vilAsopayogI sAja sAmAna kA saMgraha kiyA kiMtu isa deza meM sarvAdhika pUjA, pratiSThA aura sammAna unakA huA, jinhoMne samasta jAgatika saMpatti, bhogopabhogoM ke upakaraNoM kA parityAga kara akiMcanatA kA jIvana apanAyA, aparigraha, saMyama, tapazcaraNa kA aura yoga kA mArga svIkAra kiyaa| bhAratIya ciMtana dhArA meM bhoga vAsanAmaya jIvana ko upAdeya nahIM maanaa| bhogoM ko jIvana kI durbalatA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhogajanita sukhoM ke sAtha duHkhoM kI paraMparAeM jur3I rahatI haiN| isalie yahA~ ke jJAniyoM ne aise sukhoM kI khoja kI, jo para padArtha nirapekSa aura Atma sApekSa haiN| bhArata kA gauravamaya itihAsa una RSi muniyoM, jJAniyoM yogiyoM aura sAdhu saMtoM kA itihAsa hai| jinhoMne parama prApti kI sAdhanA meM apane ko lgaayaa| sAtha hI sAtha jana jana ko kalyANa kA saMdeza diyaa| sadAcAra, nIti, saccAI aura sevA ke patha para agrasara hone kI preraNA dii| yaha saba tabhI phalita hotA hai, jaba jIvana bhogonmukhatA se AtmonmukhatA kI ora mudd'e| bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra svAmI kA udAtta cintana evaM tattva darzana jIva mAtra ke abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| yahI vaha parama patha hai, jisa para calakara mAnava zAMti aura sukha kI prApti kara sakatA hai| "DhAI akSara karma dharma ke, antara tUM phcaan| eka dete hai narakagati, dujA deta hai mokSa dhaam||" karma aura dharma ina donoM ke DhAI akSara haiM lekina ina donoM meM bahuta bar3A aMtara hai| karma yaha jIva ko naraka gati meM le jAtA hai aura 'dharma' yaha mokSa maMjila meM pahu~cAtA hai| 'dharma' aura 'karma' adhyAtma jagat ke zabda adbhuta haiN| jina para caitanya jagat kI samasta kriyA, pratikriyA AdhArita hai| sAmAnyata: dharma manuSya ke mokSa kA pratIka hai, aura karma baMdhana kaa| baMdhana aura mukti kA hI samasta khela hai| saMsArI prANI karmabaddha pravRtti karatA hai, sukha duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, karma se mukta hone ke lie phira dharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai, aura mukti kI ora kadama bar3hAtA hai| mujhe yaha prakaTa karate hue bar3A Atma paritoSa hotA hai ki maiMne lagabhaga bIsa varSa pUrva jaina

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sAdhanA kA saMyamamaya sAdhu jIvana svIkAra kiyaa| parama pUjya zramaNasaMgha ke AcArya samrATa 1008 pU. AnaMdaRSijI ma.sA., vartamAna AcArya samrATa 1008 pU. DaoN. zivamunijI ma.sA., AnaMda kulakamala pravartaka zrI. pU. zrI kuMdanaRSijI ma.sA., anaMta upakArI jJAna evaM sAdhanA kI divya jyoti prAtaH smaraNIya vizvasaMta dAdIjI ma.sA., pU. zrI. ujjavalakumArIjI ma.sA. tathA ujjvala saMgha prabhAvikA zruta sthavirA sAdhvIratnA guruNI maiyA pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI ma.sA. ke sAnidhya meM bhAgavatI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| pU. guruNI maiyA ke sAnidhya meM jo sIkhane ko jAnane ko milA vaha mere zramaNI jIvana ke lie varadAna siddha huaa| ___ maiM guruNI maiyA kI kRpAdRSTi se saMyama patha para uttarottara Age bar3hatI rhii| sAdhu-sAdhvI ke jIvana meM saMyama kA sarvopari sthAna hai| unake sAtha yadi sadvidyA kA saMyoga banatA hai to saMyama aura adhika ujjvala aura prazasta hotA jAtA hai| maiMne merI guruNI maiyA pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI mahAsatIjI ke nirdezana aura mArgadarzana meM apanA adhyayana gatizIla rkhaa| jaina vizvabhAratI mAnada vizvavidyAlaya, lA~DanU (rAja.) se maiMne prAkRta meM em. e. pharsTa klAsa se uttIrNa kiyaa| yadyapi eka jaina sAdhvI ke lie laukika parIkSA kA koI mahattva nahIM hai, kintu parIkSA ke mAdhyama se adhyayana karane meM ekAgratA, suvyavasthA aura gUr3ha adhyayana hotA hai| em.e. hone ke bAda maiMne nizcaya kiyA ki yadi bhaviSya meM pIeca.DI. karane kI saMdhi milI to maiM 'karma siddhAMta' para hI pIeca.DI. kruuNgii| . pU. guruNImaiyA ke mukhAraviMda se karmasiddhAMta para aneka pravacana sunane se bhI mujhe karma siddhAMta para pIeca.DI. karane kI preraNA milii| isalie maiMne mere zodha prabaMdha kA viSaya jaina dharma meM karma siddhAMta yaha viSaya maiMne pasaMda kiyaa| pUnA vizvavidyAlaya ne aura mere mArgadarzaka DaoN. kAMcana mAMDe inhoMne mujhe yaha viSaya lene kI anumati dii| karmasiddhAMta ke viSaya meM likhane kI jaba anumati milI taba mujhe atyanta AnaMda huA, kyoMki mujhe merA mana pasaMda viSaya milaa| karmasiddhAMta ke viSaya meM prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI, iMgliza ityAdi bhASAoM meM jo lekha, kitAbeM milI unakA rasAsvAda lekara tAttvika vicAroM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karane kA nirNaya kiyaa| sAdhucaryA meM samarpita jIvana meM vItarAga prabhu kI AjJA meM rahakara AcAra dharma kA pAlana karake saMyama aura vairAgya ko uttarottara vizuddha karanA, mokSamArga kI upAsanA karanA, vaise hI sva para kalyANa kI pravRtti kA vikAsa karanA yahI merA anivArya dharma hai| ... guruNImaiyA pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI ma.sA. kI asIma kRpA se jJAna vRddhi ke lie mujhe

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sabhI suvidhAe~ prApta huii| guruNImaiyA ke AzIrvAda se evaM sahakArya se AdinAtha sthAnakavAsI jaina zrAvakasaMgha evaM mahAvIra pratiSThAna zrAvakasaMgha ke sahakArya se abhyAsa meM merA utsAha uttarottara bar3hatA gyaa| viSaya nizcita hone ke bAda sarva prathama jaina Agama sAhitya meM karma viSayaka jo vivecana AyA hai usakA saMzodhana zuru kiyaa| usameM aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda, prakIrNaka Adi Agama graMtha aura usake AdhAra para prAkRta, saMskRta tathA hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI Adi bhASAoM meM race hue sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA, usameM se kucha graMthoM ke nAma nimnalikhita haiM - ___ jainoM ke yuvAcArya madhukaramuni saMpAdita AcArAMga Adi 32 Agama, AcArya umAsvAti kA tattvArthasUtra, zrI bahmadevakRta bRhadrvyasaMgrahaTIkA, AcArya zivAryakRta bhagavatIArAdhanA, upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA. kRta karmavijJAna bhAga 1 te 7 marudhara kesarI pU. mizrImalajI ma.sA. kRta karmagraMtha bhAga- 1 te 6, kSu. jineMdravarNIkRta jainendra siddhAMta koza bhAga- 1 te 4, malayagirikRta karmaprakRti, mAdhavAcAryakRta sarvadarzana saMgraha, pupphabhikkhu kA suttAgame, pUjyapAdAcArya kI sarvAthasiddhi, bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva kA tattvArtha rAjavArtika, yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramuni kA karmamImAMsA, amRtacaMdrasUrikRta tattvArthasAra, mahAsatIjI ujjvalakumArIjI kA jIvana dharma, pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI ma.sA. kA navatattva (marAThI), dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIyA kA gaNadharavAda, zrI. nemicaMdracArya siddhAMtacakravartIkRta 'gommaTasAra' zrImad kuMdakuMdAcArya viracita pravacanasAra, niyamasAra, paMcAstikAya evaM smysaar| ___ isake atirikta aneka AcArya, muni, vidvAnoM kI racanAoM kA anusaMdhAnAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana kiyaa| karma ke saMbaMdha meM jo jo sAmagrI mujhe upalabdha huI usakA yathAsthAna saMyojita karane kA maiMne prayatna kiyA hai| vidyA aura sAdhanA kisI bhI dharma yA saMpradAya kI maryAdA meM baMdhI huI nahI hotI hai| vaha to sarvavyApI sarvagrAhI aura sarva upayogI upakrama hai| usako vividha paraMparA se saMlagna jJAnIjana aura sAdhakagaNa samRddha karate haiN| __jaina darzana anekAntavAda para AdhArita samanvayAtmaka darzana hai| isa dRSTi se kisI bhI prakAra se sAMpradAyikatA kA saMkIrNa bheda bhAva na rakhate hue karmavAda aura karmasiddhAMta para jo Alekhana kArya zuru kiyA vaha prastuta zodha prabaMdha ke rUpa meM upasthita hai| vaha viSaya vyavasthita prastuta karane kI dRSTi se isa zodha-prabaMdha meM 7 prakaraNoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| ve sAta prakaraNa sAta bhayoM ko dUra karake aura aSTa karma ko naSTa karake sAdhaka ko upayogI hoveM yahI maMgala kAmanA hai|

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prakaraNa :1 karmasiddhAMta ke mUla graMtha Agama vAGmaya isa prakaraNa meM mAnava jIvana aura dharma, bhAratIya saMskRti, vaidika saMskRti, zramaNa saMskRti, kAlacakra, tattvadarzana, AcAra Adi kA vivecana karake jaina paraMparA ke vartamAna kAla ke aMtima tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prasthApita dvAdazAMga aura tat saMbaMdhI aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda Adi battIsa AgamoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| prakIrNaka, SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA, kaSAyapAhuDa, AcArya kuMdakuMda ke pramukha graMtha paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra Adi graMthoM ke zodha kArya kI pRSTha bhUmikA meM prayukta kiyA hai| sarvaprathama mAnava jIvana kA varNana kiyA hai| kAraNa manuSya yaha sRSTi kI sarvottama racanA hai| isa sarvotkRSTatA kA mUla AdhAra hai| usakI vicArazIlatA aura vivekazIlatA jo prANI kA vaiziSTaya hai| caitanya prANI ke sahasrAdhika varga meM mAnavajAti sarva zreSTha hai| hitAhita kA viveka manuSya meM hai| usake sAtha anya koI bhI prANI spardhA nahIM kara sktaa| . prema, karuNA, dayA, mamatva, sAhacArya, saMvedanA, kSamA Adi asaMkhya bhAva manuSya ke hRdaya meM nivAsa karate haiN| aise bhAva anya prANiyoM meM dikhAI nahIM dete| ciMtana, manana, viveka nirNaya Adi kI kSamatA kA varadAna to sirpha mAnava ko hI milA hai| yahI vicArazIlatA manuSya ke zreSThatva kI AdhArazilA hai| manuSya mana kA Izvara hai, mana kA svAmI hai| usake utthAna patana kA kAraNa usake zubhAzubha vicAra haiN| azubha vicAroM se usakA patana hotA hai aura zubha vicAroM se usakA utthAna hotA hai| yahI manuSya ke mana kA vyakta rUpa hai| vicAra manuSya kA nirmANa karanevAlA hai| yahI mAnava jIvana ke mahala kI majabUta AdhArazilA hai| Agama graMtha jaina sAhitya meM jinakA asAdhAraNa mahattva hai| Agama graMtha ke abhyAsa se aSTakarma naSTa hote haiN| Agama graMthoM kA ciMtana, manana karanA yaha saccA svAdhyAya hai| svaM AtmA, adhyAya-abhyAsa, nirIkSaNa, parIkSaNa karanA, svayaM kI AtmA kA jJAna prApta karanA svAdhyAya hai| vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| 'vatthu sahAvo dhammo' / durgati meM par3ane vAle jIva ko bacAnevAlA dharma hai| mana para vijaya milAnA dharma hai| pA~ca iMdriyoM ko vaza karanA dharma hai| vrata niyama kA pAlana karanA dharma hai| kaSAya para vijaya milAnA dharma hai| moha mamatva naSTa karane se hI jIvana kA aMtara bAhya vikAsa hotA hai| moha na choDate hae sirpha dhArmika kriyA kI, to AtmA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA, aura saMsAra paribhramaNa kama nahIM hotA, isalie dharma ke svarUpa kA jJAna prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| prastuta prabaMdha meM Atmazuddhi, AtmavikAsa, AtmAvalokana

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karane ke lie "jaina dharma meM karmasiddhAMta'' isa viSaya para samIkSAtmaka samAlocana kA abhyAsa karake mere kSayopazama ke anusAra Alekhana kiyA hai| prakaraNa : 2 AtmA kA astitva : karma astitva kA paricAyaka . isa prakaraNa meM jJAnaguNa ke dvArA AtmA kA astitva zarIrAdi ke bhoktA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi, upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi, Agama pramANa se AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi, jahA~ karma vahA~ saMsAra, karma asttiva ke mUlAdhAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma pratyakSa jJAniyoM aura bhAratIya manISiyoM dvArA pUrvajanma kI siddhi, Rgveda, upaniSada, bhagavadgItA meM karma aura punarjanma saMketa Adi viSayoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| adhyAtma kI vyAkhyA karma siddhAMta ke binA nahIM kI jA sktii| isakI atala gaharAIoM meM DubakI lagAnA mumukSu ke lie anivArya hai| jo adhyAtma ke aMtas kI USmA kA sparza cAhatA hai| ____ jIva kI kriyA kA jo hetu hai vaha karma hai, aura AtmA kI rAga-dveSAtmaka kriyA se AkAza pradezoM meM vidyamAna anaMtAnaMta karma ke sUkSma pudgala cuMbaka kI taraha AkarSita hokara Atma pradezoM se saMliSTa ho jAte haiM, vaha 'karma' haiN| karma kA astitva jAnane ke bAda hI sacce artha meM AtmA kI unnati ho sakatI hai| prAcIna kAla se karma ke viSaya meM aneka khoje huI haiN| veda, upaniSadoM meM tathA prAcIna tattvaciMtaka gautamabuddha, bha. mahAvIra jaisI mahAna vibhUtiyoM ne isa saMbaMdha meM aneka prayatna kiye haiN| unameM se jainadharma meM karma siddhAMta kA parizIlana prastuta prabaMdha kA viSaya hone se usa saMbaMdha meM Avazyaka saMzodhana karane kA merA eka prayatna hai| jisa prakAra pAnI aura havA anAdi hote hue bhI usake binA kisI bhI kAla meM manuSya kA kAma nahIM calatA, usI prakAra karma siddhAMta kI kalpanA ati prAcIna hone para bhI sabhI kAloM meM ise samajhanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| prakaraNa : 3 karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana ___ isa prakaraNa kA mukhya viSaya hai- karma pravAha toDe binA paramAtmA nahIM banate, karmavAda kA AvirbhAva kA kAraNa dharma-karma saMskRti Adi kA zrIgaNeza, karmavAda kA AvirbhAva kyoM aura kaba? puruSArthavAda kI mImAMsA, karma zabda ke vibhinna artha-rUpa, karma kA sArvabhauma

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8 sAmrAjya, jIva, pudgala, karmacakra Adi aneka viSayoM kA vizleSaNa prastuta prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| mRnuSya ko janma, jarA, maraNa, Adhi-byAdhi - upAdhi Adi duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie karma siddhAMta ke jJAna kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| isa jJAna ke binA mAnava duHkhoM se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| aisA jaina darzana kA dRDha vizvAsa hai / prANImAtra mukti cAhatA hai / prANImAtra ke sAre prayatna duHkha mukti aura sukha prApti ke lie haiM isalie karmasiddhAMta kA jJAna pratyeka mAnava ke lie Avazyaka hai / karma siddhAMta kA varNana prAcIna Agama graMthoM meM bhI milatA hai| karma kA vivecana karane se pahale karma kise kahate haiM yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai| jaina darzana, veda, upaniSada aura bhAratIya sAhitya meM karma ke saMbaMdha meM gaharAI se anuzIlana parazIlana kiyA gayA hai aura ciMtana manana kI zuruvAta karma zabda se hotI hai| "kiM karma" yAne karma kyA hai yahI tattva darzana saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa karma hai| sabhI darzanoM meM apanI-apanI dRSTi se karma kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sabakA kathana yahI hai ki jIvana meM karma kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| AtmA aura karma kA paraspara saMbaMdha hai| AtmA ko karma se alaga karanA yAne mukti milAnA hai| karma pravAha ko toDe binA koI bhI jIvAtmA paramAtmA nahIM bana sakatA jaise AtmA anAdi kAla se hai vaise karma bhI anAdi kAla se hai| karma kI Adi hai vaise usakA aMta bhI hai| jainadharma aura karmavAda kA sUrya aura usakI kiraNa ke samAna ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai to bhI karma toDane ke bAda yAne aSTa karma naSTa karane ke bAda AtmA siddhabuddha mukta ho sakatI haiN| prakaraNa : 4 karmabaMdha kI vyavasthA isa prakaraNa meM ATha karmoM kA krama, karma ke mukhya do vibhAga, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA nirUpaNa, darzanAvaraNIya karma, usake bheda prabheda, vedanIya karma kA vistAra, mohanIya karma ke bheda, * AyuSya karma ke prakAra, nAmakarma kA nirUpaNa, bheda-prabheda, gotra karma aura antarAya karma Adi AThoM karmoM kI mUla prakRtiyA~, uttara prakRtiyA~ Adi aneka viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| karma siddhAMta ke samagra svarUpa para kramaza: ciMtana manana aura carcA isa prakaraNa meM kI gaI hai| 1 eka bagIce meM Ama, aMgUra, anAra, cIkU, nIMbU, saMtare Adi vividha phaloM ke per3a haiN| usa bagIce meM kaI mAlI rakhe hue haiN| unhoMne samaya samaya para jaise bIja boye hoMge, unake pha bhI vaise hI Ate rahate haiN| una sabhI vRkSoM ke phala apane apane samaya para jaba paka jAte haiM, taba

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apane Apa phala yA to nIce gira jAte haiM yA bagIce ke karmacArI use tor3a lete haiN| paraMtu yaha nizcita hai ki jaise-jaise bIja boye jAte haiM, vaise-vaise hI unake phala koI jaldI aura koI dera se milate haiN| yadi koI nIma kA bIja bokara Ama ke madhura phala pAnA cAhe to nahIM pA sktaa| isI prakAra saMsAra rUpI bagIce meM vividha prakAra ke jIva rUpI mAlI apanI apanI gati-mati anusAra karma bIja bote rahate haiN| ve pUrvabaddha karma jaba paripakva hokara phala dene ke abhimukha hote haiN| taba unheM karma vijJAna kI bhASA meM vipAka kahate haiN| AtmA ke dvArA kiyA huA acchA karma acchA phala detA hai aura burA karma burA phala detA hai| karma kA kartRvya AtmA para Ane se jagata meM sAmAjika evaM naitika nyAya bhI akhaMDita calatA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana ne saMsAra kI vicitratA kA, saMsAra ke sukhaduHkhakA, unnati avanati ke kAraNa karmoM ko mAnakara usa karma kI bAgaDora AtmA ke hAtha meM rakhI hai| AtmA apane saMkalpa, apanI bhAvanA aura dhAraNA ke anusAra svataMtra hai| apanI sthiti, paristhiti meM parivartana lA sakatA hai| pragati kara sakatA hai| jIvana meM parivartana aura pragati kA siddhAMta hI sAdhanA aura tapasyA kA mUlya sthApita karatA hai isalie jaina dharma kA karma siddhAMta lacIlA hai, vaijJAnika hai aura AtmA ke AdhIna hai| loga kahate haiM jIva karma ke AdhIna hai paraMtu vaha ekAMgI dRSTi hai| vAstava meM karma jIva ke adhIna haiN| karma kriyA hai, jo jIva karatA hai| jIva tapasyA, dhyAna, svAdhyAya, bhAvanA, anuprekSA dvArA karma kA nirodha karatA hai| karma kA kSaya karatA hai| azubha karma se zubha aura zuddha kI ora gatizIla banatA hai| prakaraNa : 5 karmoM kI prakriyA isa prakaraNa meM karma pudgala jIva ko parataMtra banAte haiM, karmabaMdha kI utpatti, jIva kaba svataMtra aura parataMtra, jIva ke sukha-duHkha karmAdhIna haiM, AtmA kA svabhAva svataMtra, karma zaktizAlI anuzAstA, karma ko mUrta rUpa na mAnane kA kyA kAraNa jaina dArzanika graMthoM meM karma kI mUrtatva siddhi, bhagavat gItA meM karma-vikarma aura akarma kA svarUpa, vaidika graMthoM meM zubhatva kA AdhAra Atmavat dRSTi Adi aneka viSayoM kA varNana kiyA hai| isa prakaraNa meM karma kA sArvabhauma vicAra kiyA hai| karma kitane zaktizAlI hote haiM

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10 aura jIva ko kaise parataMtra banAte haiM isakA varNana vizeSa prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| ghur3adaur3a ke maidAna meM jaba resa ke ghor3e daur3ate haiM, taba unameM bar3I rassAkasI calatI hai, ghor3A sabase adhika tejIlA aura phurtIlA hotA hai, vaha Age baDha jAtA hai aura bAjI jIta jAtA hai| kucha usase kama phurtIle ghor3e hote haiM, ve dUsare naMbara para A jAte haiN| jo ghor3e phurtI hote haiM ve dUsare ghor3oM ko Age Ane nahIM dete kintu jo ghor3e kamajora aura susta ho haiM, ve dikhane meM bhale hI hRSTa puSTa dikhate haiM, resa korsa meM ve Age nahIM bar3ha pAte unakI pragati tIvra nahIM hotI, isalie ve dUsare ghor3e ko Age bar3hane dete hai, svayaM usameM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM DAlate / isI prakAra jIvoM ke jIvana meM karmabaMdhoM kI bhI ghur3adaur3a calatI rahatI hai| karmoM kI ghur3adaur3a meM kaI karma aise hote haiM, jinakI prakRtiyA~ tIvra aura phurtIlI gativAlI hotI haiM, ve baMdha, udaya aura baMdhodaya meM dUsare karmoM ko roka detI haiM, aura svayaM, apanA baMdha, udaya aura baMdhodaya karatI haiN| jabaki kucha karma aise hote haiM, jinakI prakRtiyA~ aisI hotI haiN| samasta vizva karma ke aTala niyama ke anusAra cala rahA hai| karma-kAnUna kI yaha sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki isameM kisI ke lie ru- riyAyata yA mulAhijA nahIM hotA / vizva ke samasta kAnUnoM meM koI na koI apavAda hote haiM; dhArmika niyamoM aura AcAra saMhitAoM meM bhI utsarga aura apavAda hote haiM magara karma ke kAnUna meM prAya: apavAda nahIM hotA / karma eka aisI UrjA athavA zakti hai jo samasta prANiyoM kI vRtti pravRtti ko saMcAlita karatI hai| vizeSa rUpa se kahanA hogA manuSya kI yaha vivazatA athavA anivAryatA hai ki use sakriya rahanA hI par3atA hai| isa kriyAzIlatA kI preraka zakti hai 'karma' / isI apekSA se karma kI sattA vizvavyApI bhI hai aura balavatI bhI hai| yaha spaSTa hai, koI bhI kriyA niSphala nahIM hotI / kriyA kI pratikriyA aura pratikriyA kI puna: kriyA, yaha prakriyA janma se mRtyu taka satata rUpa se calatI hai| prakaraNa : 6 karmoM se sarvathA mukti : mokSa isa prakaraNa meM karma kA praveza jIva meM kaise hotA hai, Asrava kI vyAkhyA, Asrava ke bheda-prabheda, karma kA saMvaraNa, saMvara, saMvara kI vyAkhyA, Asrava-saMvara meM aMtara, nirjarA kA artha, tapa kA mahattva, baMdha kA svarUpa, mokSa kA svarUpa, jaina darzana meM mokSa Adi viSayoM kA vizeSa vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana mokSavAdI darzana hai| vaha AtmA kI parama vizuddha svabhAva dazA meM vizvAsa

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karatA hai| AtmAkA svabhAva hai sukha, AnaMda aura parama nirmltaa| AtmA meM malinatA svAbhAvika nahIM, karmoM ke kAraNa hai| karma mukti kI prakriyA ko samajhanA-jaina dharma kA sAdhanA mArga hai| sAdhanA kA patha hai| saMyama, saMvara aura tapa arthAt nirjarA, inhIM do upAyoM se karmamukti kI sAdhanA saMbhava hai| Asrava karma Ane kA sthAna, saMvara karma ko rokanI kriyA, nirjarA-pUrvakRta karmoM kA kSaya karanA, baMdha se AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha kisa prakAra saMzliSTa hotA hai tathA ina saMpUrNa karmoM ko kSaya kaise karanA tathA mokSa prApti kaise prApta karanA Adi kA varNana isa prakaraNa meM vistAra pUrvaka prastuta kiyA hai| - karma siddhAMta kI mahattA kA mUlyAMkana isI se kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usane kevala mAnava jAti ke hI karmoM ke Asrava aura saMvara, baMdha, nirjarA aura mokSa kA vicAra nahIM kiyA apitu naraka, tiryaMca aura deva Adi paMcendriya tathA tIna vikaleMdriyoM tathA ekendriya AtmAoM kA bhI karma saMbaMdhI upayukta vicAra vyakta kiyA hai / katipaya dharmoM aura darzanoM ne jahA~ kevala manuSyagati tathA manuSya jAti kA usameM bhI usake kAmanA mUlaka yA sAmAjika karmoM kA hI tathA svarga aura naraka kA hI vicAra kiyA hai| jabaki jaina karma siddhAMta vettAoM ne manuSyAdi cAra gatiyoM kA manuSyoM ke bhI baMdhaka-abaMdhaka karmoM kA, zubha-azubha karmoM aura unake pariNAmoM kA tathA karmoM se sarvathA mukti se mokSa gati kA vicAra kiyA hai| jaina darzana ne saMsAra kI samasta AtmAoM ko nizcaya dRSTi se paramAtmA sadRza batAyA hai| itanA hI nahIM bahirAtmA se paramAtmA banane ke upAya bhI batAye haiN| prakaraNa : 7 upasaMhAra aura niSkarSa prastuta zodha prabaMdha meM jainadharma meM karmasiddhAMta ke viSaya meM kiyA huA samIkSAtmaka vivecana isa prakaraNa meM kiyA hai| upasaMhAra meM upa yAne samIpa, najadIka aura saMhAra yAne nAza karanA, vidhvaMsa krnaa| arthAt mumukSu jIvoM ke doSoM kA atyaMta nikaTa se saMpUrNata: nAza karanA chedana karanA yAne upasaMhAra haiN| jaina dharma meM karma siddhAMta graMtharUpI prAsAda kA nirmANa hone ke bAda isa divya prAsAda ke zikhara para upasaMhAra rUpI kalaza isa prakaraNa meM car3hAyA gayA hai| karma siddhAMta yaha jIvana kA vijJAna hai| karma siddhAMta hamAre jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA kA kAraNa, usakA phala (pratikriyA), usake nivAraNa kA karma siddhAMta yaha yukti saMgata samAdhAna detA hai| mana kI ulajhI huI abUjha gutthiyoM aura sRSTi kI vicitra alakSita ghaTanAoM ke jaba

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12 hama 'prabhu kI lIlA' yA honahAra evaM niyati mAnakara cupa ho jAte haiN| taba karmasiddhAMta unakI taha meM jAkara bar3e tarkapUrNa vyAvahArika DhaMga se sulajhAte haiN| ___ isake sAta prakaraNa jIva ko aSTa karmoM ko naSTa karane kA saMdeza de rahA hai| ATha karmoM kA nAza karane kA ciMtana, manana hareka jijJAsuoM ke lie kalyANakArI zubhakArI hove / yaha grantha AdhyAtma ke rasikoM ke lie AnaMda rasa se paripUrNa karanevAlA, AMtarika tRpti denevAlA aura mokSa maMjila taka pahu~cAnevAlA hove yahI maMgala manISA hai| prabaMdha lekhana kA uddezya mumukSu sAdhakoM ko aura jaina darzanAnusAra upAsanA karane vAle sAdhakoM ke eka bauddhika aura AdhyAtmika sImA taka sAdhana upalabdha kara denA yaha hai| parIkSaka isase sahamata hoMge aisA vizvAsa hai| . karmakSaya ke puruSArtha dvArA AtmA jIva se ziva, nara se nArAyaNa, bhakta se bhagavAna aura AtmA se paramAtmA banAtA hai| kRtajJatA-abhivyakti prastuta zodha graMtha ke lekhana kArya meM pratyakSa-apratyakSa rUpa meM pUjanIya, vaMdanIya, smaraNIya, guruvaryoM kA AzIrvAda, kRpAdRSTi aura sat preraNA hai| unake prati kRtajJatA vyakta karanA yaha merA prathama kartavya hai| AdhyAtma jagata kI divya jyoti amRtavANI dvArA janatA ke lie dharmasudhA kI vRSTi karane vAle, pavitra hRdayA, ujjavala saMgha prabhAvikA vizvazAMti ratnA pa.pU. guruNImaiyA DaoN. dharmazIlAjI ma.sA. (ema.e., pIeca.DI. sAhityaratna) kI divya preraNA se merA zaikSaNika, sAhityika zodhakArya meM mujhe vidyA, saMyama aura sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM nitya preraNA aura mArgadarzana milaa| unakA maiM tahe dila se AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| - mere isa zodhakArya meM zubha kAmanA rakhanevAle mujhe hamezA sahayoga dene vAle navakAra sAdhikA pU. DaoN. cAritrazIlAjI ma.sA., pU. DaoN. puNyazIlAjI. ma.sA., pU. labdhizIlAjI ma.sA., pU. kIrtizIlAjI ma.sA., pU. maitrIzIlAjI ma.sA. Adi sAdhvI bahanoM ke prati maiM AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| karuNA, anukaMpA aura mAnavatA se jinakA jIvana bharA huA hai| apanI saMtAnoM meM saMskAra dene kA kAma unhoMne bacapana se hI kiyA thaa| 'sAdA jIvana ucca vicAra' aisA jinakA jIvana hai aise zrI sevAbhAvI dRDhadharmI samAjasevI suzrAvakajI karuNAmUrti mere saMsArI mAtuzrI pitAzrI sau. jayazrIbena hasamukhabhAI sutarIyA, jinhoMne mujhe saMyama mArga kI ora prerita kara saMyama dilAyA aura ucca zikSaNa meM sahayoga diyaa| vaise hI mere saMsArI bhAI-bhAbhI

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13 sau. DiMpala rAjeza bhAI sutarIyA, saMsArI bahana sau. mInA hemalakumArajI DagalI, sau. haMsAbena vijayakumArajI udANI tathA sau. cArubena cetanabhAI dozI inakA bhI sahayoga rahA isalie maiM unakA bhI AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| .. isa zodhakArya meM vizeSa sahayoga denevAle sevAvratI kaoNnpharansa ke yuvA adhyakSa zrI. vijayakAMtajI koThArI, sevAbhAvI suzrAvakajI zrI nemicaMdrajI kaTAriyA, sevAniSTha suzrAvakajI mANakacaMdajI kaTAriyA aura atiutsAhI jitendrakumArajI coraDiyA unakA bhI maiM AbhAra mAnatI huuN| hamezA sabhI prakAra kA sahayoga dene vAlI suzrAvikA sau. caMdanavena DaoN. dhIrendra bhAI gosaliyA kA AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| __pUnA nivAsI DaoN. sau. zAradAbAI, DaoN. satIzajI jaina jinhoMne bhI sahayoga diyA hai isalie unako bhI maiM dhanyavAda detI huuN| jJAnamUrti sau sajjanabAI kAntilAlajI botharA, sau. caMcaladevI zazikAMta koThArI tathA sau. rAjazrIbahana pArakha kA bhI AbhAra mAnatI huuN| . sevAbhAvI mahezabhAI bhogIbhAI dozI ne isa prabaMdha kArya meM pUrNa sahAyatA kI hai isalie maiM AbhArI hU~, pUnA meM AdinAtha zrIsaMgha tathA mahAvIra pratiSThAna zrIsaMgha kA bhI maiM AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~ jinhoMne sahRdayatA aura bhaktibhAva se adhyayana ke lie apekSita sAmagrI milAkara aura adhyayana ke lie sArI suvidhAe~ dekara mujhe sahayoga diyaa| ku. lInA suganacaMdajI baMba kA bhI maiM AbhAra mAnatI huuN|

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prathama prakaraNa karmasiddhAMta ke mUla graMtha : Agama vAGmaya

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14 18 anukramaNikA - prathama prakaraNa karma siddhAMta ke mUla graMtha Agama vAGmaya mAnava jIvana aura dharma jIvana kI paribhASA adhyAtma evaM dharma kI bhUmikA bhAratIya saMskRti kI triveNI vaidika saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti 18 0 0 0 w bauddha dharma w W jaina dharma itihAsa evaM paraMparA jaina dharma kI sArvajanInatA jaina dharma kA aMtima lakSya : zAzvata zAMti 24 3 3 kAlacakra 9 0 samIkSA avasarpiNI kAla ke chaha Are utsarpiNI kAla ke chaha Are samIkSA tIrthaMkara evaM dharmatIrtha tIrthaMkaropadeza Agama AgamoM kI bhASA bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dharmadezanA AgamoM kA mahattva AgamoM kA saMkalana prathama vAcanA dvitIya vAcanA tRtIya vAcanA llh 0 0 llh 0 llh llh lh r bh r sh m

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5 4 m 6 0 0 0 o 0 0 AgamoM kA vistAra Agama : anuyoga caraNakaraNAnuyoga dharmakathAnuyoga gaNitAnuyoga dravyAnuyoga aMga Agama paricaya AcArAMgasUtra sUtrakRtAMgasUtra sthAnAMgasUtra samavAyAMgasUtra vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra upAsakadazAMgasUtra antakRtdazAMgasUtra anuttaraupapAtikasUtra praznavyAkaraNa vipAkasUtra dRSTivAda upAMga paricaya aupapAtikasUtra rAjaprazrIyasUtra jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra prajJApanAsUtra jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra sUryaprajJapti-caMdraprajJapti nirayAvalikA-kalpikAsUtra 0 4 0 0 w w W ok

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16 wwwww 49 0 0 kh kalpAvataMsikAsUtra puSpikAsUtra puSpacUlikAsUtra vRSNidazAsUtra cAra mUlasUtra paricaya dazavaikAlikasUtra uttarAdhyayanasUtra naMdIsUtra anuyogadvArasUtra cAra chedasUtra vyavahArasUtra bRhat kalpasUtra Agama gRha nizIthasUtra dazAzrutaskaMdhasUtra AvazyakasUtra prakIrNaka Agama sAhitya causaraNa : catu:zaraNa prakIrNaka AurapaccakkhANa : AturapratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka mahApaccakkhANa : mahApratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka bhattapariNNA : bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka taMdulaveyAliya : tandulavaicArika prakIrNaka saMthAraga : saMstAraka prakIrNaka gacchAyAra : gacchAcAra prakIrNaka gaNivijjA : gaNividyA prakIrNaka devAdhideva devendrastava prakIrNaka vIratthao : vIrastuti prakIrNaka maraNasamAhI (maraNasamAdhI) kh kh kh kh kh w w 5 57 57 .

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52 mahAnizItha jIyakappasutta jItakalpasUtra piMDanijjutti, ohanijjutti oghaniyukti piNDaniyukti oghaniyukti AgamoM para vyAkhyA sAhitya niyukti 60 0 ur 0 - bhASya or cUrNi TabbA O samIkSA m m TIkA zvetAMbara digaMbara paricaya digaMbaroM ke sarvamAnya zAstra " SaTakhaNDAgama SaTakhaNDAgama para vyAkhyA sAhitya dhavalA kI racanA kaSAyapAhuDa (kaSAyaprAbhRta) tiloyapannatti (tilokaprajJapti) AcArya kuMdakuMda ke pramukha graMtha paMcAstikAya kA 67 67 67 pravacanasAra samayasAra niyamasAra rayaNasAra digaMbara paraMparA meM saMskRta racanAyeM niSkarSa saMdarbha sUcI 71

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18 prathama prakaraNa karma siddhAMta ke mUlagraMtha : Agama vAGmaya mAnava jIvana aura dharma saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM meM zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika evaM adhyAtmika dRSTi se mAnava kA sthAna sarvazreSTha hai| mAnava hI eka aisA mananazIla prANI hai, jo apane hita ahita kA yathAvat rUpa meM ciMtana karane meM aura usake anusAra kriyAzIla hone meM sakSama hai| isalie mAnava jIvana ko bar3A durlabha aura mUlyavAna mAnA gayA hai| isI jIvana meM manuSya yadi sanmArga kA avalaMbana kara kAryazIla rahe to vaha unnati ke carama zikhara para pahu~ca sakatA hai| jIvana kI paribhASA zarIra aura AtmA kA sahavartitva jIvana hai, jo pUrvakRta karmoM para AdhArita hai| karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdi kAla se saMbaMdha calA A rahA hai| jaba taka satya kA yathArtha bodha nahIM hotA taba taka manuSya kI dRSTi zarIra para rahatI hai, AtmA para nhiiN| zArIrika sukha, suvidhA, bhoga, upabhoga Adi padArthoM meM usakA mana grasta rahatA hai| bhautika sukha suvidhAyeM prApta karane kA sAdhana dhana hai| dhana eka aisA padArtha hai, vaha jyoM jyoM prApta hotA hai, tyoM tyo prApta karanevAle kI icchAyeM uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI haiN| ___ "icchA hu AgAsasamA annntiyaa|" icchAyeM AkAza ke samAna anaMta hotI haiN| bhautika sukhoM meM vibhrAMta mAnava unheM pAne ke lie cirakAla se daur3a rahA hai, para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki- jinheM vaha sukha mAnatA hai, ve nazvara haiN| itanA hI nahIM ve du:khoM ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiN| jisa zarIra ke prati use atyadhika mamatva hai vaha bhI jIrNa-zIrNa, vyAdhi grasta ho jAtA hai aura eka dina vaha calA jAtA hai| yahI bAta parivAra para aura dhana saMpatti para bhI lAgU hotI hai| ye sabhI padArtha kSaNabhaMgura haiM, parivartanazIla haiN| jina bhogoM ko bhogane meM mAnava sukha mAnatA hai, ve bhoga, rogoM ke kAraNa bana jAte haiN| "khaNamitta-sukkhA bahukAla-dukkhA'' ve kSaNika sukha cirakAla taka dukha dene vAle hote haiN|2 adhyAtma evaM dharma kI bhUmikA ___ bhautika sukhoM meM vibhrAMta mAnava una sukhoM ko prApta karane ke lie cirakAla se avizrAMta rUpa se dauDa rahA hai, kintu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jinheM vaha sukha mAnatA hai ve nazvara haiN| itanA hI nahIM, ve duHkha rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| jisa zarIra ke prati mAnava ko sabase adhika mamatA

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hai vaha bhI jIrNa-zIrNa aura vyAdhigrasta ho jAtA hai aura eka dina sadA ke lie calA jAtA hai| yaha satya, saccAI, parivAra, dhana, vaibhava, saMpatti Adi sabhI para ghaTita hotI hai| yaha sabhI kSaNabhaMgura haiN| zarIra, parivAra, bhautika sukha Adi kI nazvaratA ke bhAva ne mAnava ko AtmA kI ora prerita kiyaa| usake phala svarUpa vaha AtmA-svarUpa kI gaveSaNA se saMlagna rahA aura usane anubhava kiyA ki AtmA hI satya hai, paramatattva hai| usane Apta puruSoM ke vacanoM se yaha bhI jJAta kiyA ki AtmA meM anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtasukha aura anaMtabala hai| vaha karmoM ke AvaraNoM se AcchAdita haiN| apane parAkrama, udyama aura puruSArtha dvArA jIva karmAvaraNa haTA sakatA hai, naSTa kara sakatA hai tathA apane parama divya svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai| AdhyAtmika zakti jAgaraNa kA yaha prasaMga hai- jisane mAnava ko bhautika eSaNAoM, abhipsAoM aura AkarSaNoM se dUra kiyaa| bhAratIya saMskRti kI triveNI saMskRti eka aisA virATa tattva hai, jisameM jJAna, bhAva aura karma ye tIna pakSa haiM, jise dUsare zabdoM meM buddhi, hRdaya aura vyavahAra kahA jAtA hai| ina tInoM tattvoM kA pUrNa sAmaMjasya hotA hai vaha saMskRti hai| saMskRti meM 1) tattvajJAna, 2) nIti, 3) vijJAna aura 4) kalA inakA samAveza hotA hai| kisI lekhaka ne likhA hai- bAhara kI ora dekhanA vijJAna hai, aMdara kI ora dekhanA darzana aura Upara kI ora dharma hai| kalA mAnava jIvana kA vikAsa hai arthAt saMskRti meM dharma, darzana, vijJAna aura kalA vidyamAna haiN| saMskRti ko aMgrejI meM (kalcara) kahA jAtA hai| bhArata varSa kI vizeSatA hai ki jaba saMsAra ke anyAnya dezoM ke loga kevala bahirjIvana yA zArIrika sukha prApta karane taka hI sImita the, jabaki bhArata ke jJAnI puruSoM ne AtmA ke sUkSma ciMtana meM apane Apako lgaayaa| zAzvata evaM pavitra vicAra manuSya ke karmamayajIvana ko sArthaka banAte haiN| uttama vicAra aura AcAra kA yaha srota ucca koTI ke saMskAroM ko janma detA hai| ve saMskAra sthira, pavitra aura zreyaskara hote haiN| saMskAroM kI usa dhArA ko saMskRti kahA jAtA hai| ni:saMdeha bhAratavarSa sAMskRtika vikAsa aura unnati kI dRSTi se bahuta hI saubhAgyazAlI rahA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti rAma, kRSNa, mahAvIra, buddha aura gAMdhIjI kI hai| rAma kI maryAdA, kRSNa kA karmayoga, mahAvIra kI sarvabhUta hitakArI ahiMsA aura anekAnta, buddha kI karUNA, gAMdhI kI dharmAnupraNIta rAjanIti aura satya kA prayoga hI bhAratIya saMskRti hai - 'dayatAM, dIyatAM, damyatAm'- yAne dayA, dAna aura damana hI bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUla haiN|3

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20 bhArata meM janma lene vAloM kA AcaraNa aura vyavahAra itanA nirmala aura pavitra hai ki unake pAvana caritra kI chApa pratyeka vyakti para pdd'ii| isalie AcArya manu ne kahA hai etadeza prasUtasya, skaashaadgrjnmnH| svaM-svaM caritraM zikSaren pRthivyAM sarva mAnavA // 4 - yahA~ vaidika, jaina aura bauddha paraMparAoM ke rUpa meM saMskRti kI triveNI saMpravAhita huI, vaha atyaMta gauravapUrNa hai| ina tInoM sAMskRtika dhArAoM ko vaidika saMskRti aura zramaNa saMskRti ke rUpa meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| inakA saMkSipta paricaya nimna rUpa meM haiN| vaidika saMskRti vaidika saMskRti, bAhmaNa saMskRti ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yahA~ brAhmaNa zabda bahutahI mahattvapUrNa hai| brAhmaNa saMskRti meM saMnyAsI ekAkI sAdhanA ke pakSadhara rahe, unhoMne vaiyaktika sAdhanA ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| ve ekAnta, zAMta vanoM meM, Azrama meM rahate the| una AzramoM meM aneka RSigaNa bhI rahate the| para sabhI vaiyaktika sAdhanA hI karate the aura jo brahma yA paramAtmA ko jAnatA hai| yA brahma kI upAsanA karatA hai, use brAhmaNa kahA jAtA hai|5 brAhmaNa saMskRti ke AdhAra veda haiN| veda zabda saMskRta kI vid dhAtu se banA hai, jo jJAta ke artha meM hai| vedoM meM una siddhAMtoM kA varNana hai. jo mAnava ko jJAna dvArA sanmArga dikhAtA hai| Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda evaM atharvaveda ke rUpa meM veda cAra haiN| vedoM ko zruti bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki inako guru se sunakara ziSya apanI smRti meM rakhate the| vaidika saMskRti yA dharma ke arntagata brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra varNoM meM samAja ko vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsa rUpa meM jIvana ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai, jo Azrama kahe jAte haiN| viSaya kI dRSTi se vedoM ke karmakAMDa aura jJAnakAMDa do bhAga haiN| karmakANDa meM yajJa, yAga Adi kA varNana hai| vaidikakAla meM yajJoM kA bahuta hI pracalana thaa| 'svargakAmo yajJet' arthAt jo svarga kI kAmanA karatA ho, use yajJa karanA caahie| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra azvamegha, rAjasUya Adi aneka prakAra ke yajJa kiye jAte the| yajJoM meM pazuoM kI balI dI jAtI thii| aisA mAnA jAtA thA ki yajJa meM hiMtrita pazu svarga prApta karatA hai isalie 'vaidika hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati' - arthAt vaidika vidhi ke anusAra yajJa Adi meM kI gaI hiMsA, hiMsA nahIM mAnI jAtI thii| usameM hiMsA kA doSa nahIM lagatA, kisI prakAra kA pApa nahIM hotA; paraMtu jaina dharma ko yaha bAta mAnya nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina dharma ahiMsAvAdI dharma hai|

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21 jJAnakANDa meM upaniSad Ate haiN| jinameM AtmA, paramAtmA, bahma, vidyA, avidyA ityAdi tattvoM kA vivecana hai| AdhyAtmika jJAna kI dRSTi se upaniSadoM kA bhAratIya sAhitya meM bahuta mahattva hai| . vedoM ke atirikta smRtiyA~, dharmazAstra, darzanazAstra, purANa, itihAsa Adi ke rUpa meM aura bhI vizAla sAhitya hai, jisameM vaidika saMskRti ke AdarzoM kA vivecana hai| vizva prasiddha dArzanika DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ke anusAra maharSi gaurbhakA nyAya, kaNAda kA vaizeSika, kapila kA sAMkhya, pAtaMjala kA yoga, jaiminI kA pUrva mImAMsA aura bAdarAyaNa kA uttara mImAMsA athavA vedAMta ye saba vaidika darzana ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM kyoMki ye vedoM kI prAmANikatA ko svIkAra karate haiN|6 zramaNa saMskRti zramaNa saMskRta zabda hai| usakA prAkRta rUpa 'samaNa' hai| isake mUla meM saMskRta ke zrama, zama tathA sama ina tInoM zabdoM kA prAkRta meM eka mAtra 'sama' hI hotA hai| samaNa vaha hai jo puraskAra ke puSpoM ko pAkara prasanna nahIM hotA aura apamAna ke halAhala se khinna nahIM hotA, apitu sadA mAna, apamAna meM sama rahatA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA hai- sira muMDA lene se koI samaNa nahIM hotA, kiMtu samatA kA AcaraNa karane se samaNa hotA hai| ___ sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM samabhAva kI aneka dRSTiyoM se vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai- muni ko gotra-kula Adi kA mada na karake dUsaroM ke prati ghRNA na rakhate hue sadA samabhAva meM rahanA caahie| jo dUsaroM kA apamAna karatA hai vaha dIrghakAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| ata: muni mada na kara samatA meM rahe / 10 cakravartI dIkSA (saMyama) lene para apane se pUrva dIkSita anucara ko bhI namaskAra karane meM saMkoca na kareM, kiMtu samatA kA AcaraNa kreN| prajJA saMpanna muni krodha Adi kaSAyoM para vijaya pA kara samatA dharma kA nirUpaNa kreN|11 jo samaNa 'zramaNa' zabda zrama, zama tathA sama ke sAtha saMpRkta tIna prakAra ke arthoM se juDa jAtA hai| zrama kA artha udyama tathA vyavasAya hai, jo zramaNa ke saMyama, sadAcaraNa tathA tapomaya jIvana kA dyotaka hai| eka zramaNa apanI sAdhanA meM satata prayatnazIla, parAkramazIla rahatA hai| jJAna kI sAtha kriyAzIlatAe~ unake jIvana kI vizeSatAe~ haiN| zrama meM kriyAzIlatA sannihita hai| zama, nirveda, vairAgya evaM tyAga kA bodhaka hai| tyAga zramaNa jIvana kA alaMkaraNa hai| sama kA abhiprAya: prANimAtra ke prati samatvabhAva rkhnaa| ahiMsA evaM karuNA jIvana meM tabhI phalita hotI hai, jaba vyakti ke aMtakaraNa meM 'Atmavat sarva bhUteSu' kA bhAva ho| vizvamaitrI kA yahI mUlamaMtra hai| zramaNa ke vizva vAtsalyamaya jIvana kA samatva meM saMsUcana hai| zramaNa

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22 AtmakalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha jana kalyANa meM bhI nirata rahatA hai| zramaNa zabda kI yaha sAmAnya rUpa se zAbdika vyAkhyA hai| bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma donoM paraMparAe~ zramaNa saMskRti meM samAviSTa haiN| zramaNa saMskRti karmavAda para AdhArita hai| jo pavitra aura zreSTha karma karatA hai vahI ucca hai| jo hiMsA, nirdayatA, lobha Adi meM azubha karmoM se saMlagna rahatA hai, vaha nIca hai| bauddha dharma mahAtmA buddha ne bhI aisA kahA hai ki- 'jo vrata yukta hai, satyabhASI hai, icchA aura lobha se rahita hai, jo choTe baDe pApoM kA zamana karatA hai vaha zramaNa hai|12 bauddha dharma saMsAra ke pramukha dharmoM meM hai| isa dharma kA bhArata ke bAhara ke dezoM meM bhI pracAra hai| bhagavAna buddha ne isakA upadeza diyA, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| bauddha dharma meM aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki unase pUrva bhI aneka buddha hue haiN| itihAsakAra prAya: bhagavAna buddha ko hI bauddha dharma kA pravartaka mAnate haiN| bauddha dharma meM cAra Arya satya svIkAra kiye haiN| 1) duHkha hai, 2) du:kha kA kAraNa hai, 3) du:kha kA nirodha kiyA jA sakatA hai, 4) du:kha ke nirodha kA mArga hai|13 buddha ne madhyama mArga ko svIkAra kiyA / atyaMta tyAga aura atyaMta bhoga ke bIca ke mArga ko lekara unhoMne dharma ke siddhAMtoM kA prasAra kiyaa| bauddha dharma ke sarvAdhika mAnya zAstra piTaka kahalAte haiN| ve tIna haiM- vinayapiTaka, suttapiTaka, abhidhmmpittk| unameM bhikSuoM ke AcAra ke niyama, mukhya siddhAMta evaM tattvoM kA vivecana hai|14 ___ bauddha dharma meM mukhya rUpa se do saMpradAya haiM - 1) hInayAna tathA 2) mahAyAna / hInayAna meM aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra kI vAsanAe~ haiN| nirvANa hI sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| hInayAnI sAdhaka svakalyANa para jora dete haiN| mahAyAna sAdhaka (saMpradAya) meM azubha vAsanAoM ko choDakara zubha vAsanAoM ke vikAsa para jora diyA hai| ve karuNA ko bahuta mahattva dete haiN| jainadharma jainadharma kA vizva ke dharmoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vaha AtmakalyANa aura prANimAtra ke zreyasa ke siddhAMtoM para AdhArita hai| jaina dharma anAdi anaMta hai| jinoM (jinezvara devoM) dvArA upadiSTa hone ke kAraNa yaha jaina kahalAtA hai| 'jayati rAga-dveSau iti jinaM' jo rAga evaM dveSa ko jIta lete haiM, ve jina kahalAte haiN| ve sarvajJa hote haiM, kyoMki unake jJAna ke AvaraNa naSTa ho jAte haiN| vaise vItarAga mahApuruSa vibhinna kAloM meM dharma kA pratibodha dete haiM, unheM tIrthaMkara bhI

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kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ tIrtha zabda kA prayoga bAhya tIrtha sthAnoM ke lie nahIM hai| zramaNa, zramaNI, zramaNopAsaka tathA zramaNopAsikA rUpa caturvidha dharmasaMgha yahA~ tIrtha zabda se abhihita hai| ve sarvajJa prabhu tIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiM, isalie tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| 'tIrthate'neneti tIrtham' / jisake dvArA tIrtha kiyA jAtA hai yA pAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha tIrtha hai|15 dharma tIrtha saMsAra sAgara ko pAra karane kA, janma maraNa se chUTane kA sAdhana yA mAdhyama hai| itihAsa evaM paraMparA aitihAsika dRSTi se dekheM to jaina dharma pahale isa nAma se pracalita nahIM thaa| to jainadharma ke lie 'nigraMtha' zabda kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| jaina AgamoM meM 'nigaMtha niggaMtha' zabda kA saMskRta rUpa nirgrantha diyA gayA hai| nigraMtha yAne (dhana, dhAnya ityAdi) bAhya graMthI aura mithyAtva, avirati, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha Adi (aMtaraMga graMthI) arthAt bAhyAntara parigraha se rahita saMyamI sAdhu ko nigraMtha kahA jAtA thaa| unhoMne kahe hue siddhetoM ko 'nigraMtha pravacana' kahA jAtA hai| Avazyaka sUtra meM niggaMthaM pAvayaNaM' zabda AyA hai|16 pAvayaNaM zabda kA artha pravacana . hotA hai| jisameM jIvAjIva ityAdi padArthoM kA aura jJAna, darzana, cAritra ityAdi ratnatraya sAdhanA kA yathArtha rUpa meM nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| zAstrAnusAra biMdusAra pUrva taka kA jJAna nigraMtha pravacana meM samAviSTa huA hai|17 jainadharma meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara mAne gaye haiM, jo vibhinna yugoM meM anaMta bAra hote rahe haiM, evaM hote haiN| vartamAna yuga ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra the| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA upadiSTa jaina dharma Azrita hai| unhoMne dharma pariSadoM meM ardhamAgadhI yAne prAkRta meM jo upadeza diyA hai, vaha unake pramukha ziSyoM dvArA zabda rUpa meM saMkalita sugraMthita kiyA hai|18 vahI upadeza AgamoM ke rUpa meM hameM prApta hai| use hI dvAdazAMgI vANI kahate haiN| usakA saMkalana, racanA gaNadharoM ne kI hai|19 ve aMgasUtra ke rUpa meM haiN| 'aMgasUtra' ko samavAyAMga sUtra meM gaNipiTaka kahA gayA hai| jisameM guNoM kA samudAya hotA hai aise AcAryoM ko 'gaNi' kahA jAtA hai aura piTaka yAne peTI, maMjuSA, piTArA Adi artha hote haiM, isa prakAra zruta ratnoM kI peTI ko gaNipiTaka kahate haiN|20 ye aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla yA Avazyaka ke rUpa meM mukhyata: battIsa Agama haiN|21 zvetAMbara jaina paraMparA ke sabhI AmnAyoM dvArA ve svIkRta haiN| unameM sAdhuoM ke vrata, AcAra, niyama, dinacaryA, tapasyA, karmabaMdha ke kAraNa ityAdi kA varNana hai| - ina AgamoM meM tatkAlIna samAja, zAsana, rAjya vyavasthA, kRSi, vyApAra kalA, zikSaNa Adi kA bhI varNana hai| jisase deza kI tatkAlIna sthiti kA yathArtha paricaya prApta hotA hai| vAstava meM ye Agama bhAratIya sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi haiN|

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24 ___ digaMbara paraMparA meM SakhaMDAgama kA vizeSa mahattva hai| dharasena nAmaka AcArya se, jinheM AMzika rUpa meM pUrvo kA jJAna thA, vidyAdhyayana kara bhUtabalI aura puSpadaMta nAmaka munidvaya ne SaTakhaNDAgama kI racanA kii| isake chaha bhAga haiM, isalie ise SaTkhaMDAgama kahA jAtA hai| isameM jIva tattva, karma siddhAMta ityAdi kA baDA vistRta vivecana hai| vIrasena nAmaka AcArya ne isa para 'dhavalA nAmaka' TIkA kI racanA kii| isameM saMskRta aura prAkRta kA mizrita rUpa meM prayoga hai, jise maNi-pravAla nyAyamUlaka zailI kahA jAtA hai| jaise maNiyoM aura pravAla ko eka sAtha milA diyA jAye to bhI ve pRthak -pRthak dRSTi gocara hote haiM, usI prakAra isa racanA-zailI meM saMskRta aura prAkRta alaga-alaga dikhAI paDatI hai| . digaMbara paraMparA meM AcArya kuMdakuMda kA bhI bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| unhoMne samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya tathA niyamasAra Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI, jo Agama tulya mAne jAte haiN| unameM nizcayanaya aura zuddhopayoga kI dRSTi se adhyAtma tattva kA bahuta hI sUkSma vivecana hai| jaina dharma kI sArvajanInatA . jainadharma janma, jAti, varNa, varga, raMga, liMga, deza Adi kI saMkIrNa sImAoM se pratibaddha nahIM hai| vaha AkAza kI taraha vyApaka aura samudra kI taraha vizAla tathA gaMbhIra hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya hotA hai aura karma se hI zUdra hotA hai| 22 . bhagavAna mahAvIra ne janmagata jAtivAda ke viruddha eka bahuta baDI krAMti kii| 'ekaiva mAnuSI jAtiranyat sarva prapaMcanam' manuSya jAti eka hai| usameM bheda karanA prapaMca mAtra hai vAstavikatA nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAMtoM meM mAnavIya ekatA kA yaha sUtra phalita thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhu saMgha meM sabhI jAtiyoM ke vyakti sammilita the| vahA~ sAdhu saMgha meM praviSTa hone kA AdhAra vairAgya, tyAga aura saMyama thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kSatriya jAti ke the| unake pramukha ziSya gyAraha gaNadhara, jo unake zramaNa saMgha ke aMtargata bhinna-bhinna sAdhu samudAyoM ke saMcAlaka the, brAhmaNa jAti ke the| veda, vedAnta ke baDe vidvAna the| bhagavAna mahAvIra se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne jaina dIkSA svIkAra kii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhu saMgha meM achUtoM ke lie bhI praveza pAne kA dvAra khulA thaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM harikezI muni kA eka prasaMga hai, jo jAti se cANDAla the| 'ye zvapAka putra cANDAla kulotpanna harikezI muni haiM, jinakI tapazcaryA kI vizeSatA sAkSAt dikhAI

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25 detI hai, jAti kA koI mahattva nahIM hai| unake tapa kI Rddhi atyaMta prabhAvazAlinI hai|23 harikezI muni ke udAharaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki nIca kahe jAne vAlI jAtiyoM meM bhI uccakoTi ke jJAnI evaM tapasvI mahApuruSa hue haiN| yahA~ vrata, tyAga, zIla, aura AtmopAsanA, ahiMsA, karuNA, dayA, sevA aura maitrI bhAvanA kA mahattva hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM deza meM hiMsA kA mAno tANDava nRtya ho rahA thaa| kucha loga to hiMsA ko dharma kA sAdhana mAnate the| jaise pahale saMketa diyA ki bhagavAna kI krAMti ahiMsaka krAnti thii| unhoMne ahiMsA ko sabase baDA dharma btlaayaa| kahane ke lie to anya dharmoM meM bhI 'ahiMsA paramo dharma:'24 kahA jAtA hai kintu unake jIvana meM ahiMsA kA svIkAra nahIM thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mana, vacana aura karma ke dvArA ahiMsaka bhAva apanAne kI preraNA dii| jaina dharma kI dRSTi se sadAcAra, satya, saMtoSa, indriya damana, Atmanigraha, rAga-dveSa, lobha Adi kA niyaMtraNa, ina guNoM kA hI mahattva hai| vyakti vizeSa kA koI mahattva nahIM hai, cAhe vaha laukika dRSTi se kitanA hI baDA vaibhavazAlI aura sattAdhIza kyoM na ho| vahA~ to ve hI pUjanIya haiM, unhIM kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai, jinameM ye guNa haiM, ve hI Adara aura sammAna ke pAtra hote haiN| jainadharma kA antima lakSyaH zAzvata zAMti ___ jainadharma ke anusAra dhArmika kArya-kalApoM kA aMtima yA mUla uddezya zAzvata zAMti aura mokSa ko prApta karanA hai| anaMtajJAna aura anaMtadarzana AtmA ke svabhAvika guNa haiN| saMsAra ke prANiyoM meM manuSya sarvAdhika vikasita prANi hai| AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA kA anubhava karane kI usameM zakti hai| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA nirdiSTa dhArmika evaM naitika saMskRti AtmA ko pUrNatva kI ora le jAne ke lie eka vyAvahArika mArga kI saMracanA karatI hai| ___ yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki bhAratIya dharmoM meM mokSa prApta karane kI AvazyakatA para bala diyA gayA hai| unameM jaina dharma ke siddhAta meM vizeSa aMtara yaha hai ki jo tyAga aura sAdhanA kI gaharAI isameM hai, vaha anyatra nahIM miltii|25 jaina dharma puruSArthasiddhi se sarvArthasiddhi kI saphala tIrtha yAtrA hai| vaha siddha puruSoM arthAt zUravIroM kA dharma hai|26 kAlacakra paraMparA se jaina dharma ko zAzvata mAnA gayA hai| ata: eva samaya-samaya para jainadharma kA kisI kSetra vizeSa meM lopa ho jAne para bhI vaha pUrNatayA naSTa nahIM hotaa| vaha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai aura calatA rhegaa| jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra meM kAlacakra kA vistRta vivecana

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26 huA hai| gaNadhara gautama svAmI ke dvArA jijJAsA kiye jAne para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo kAla kA varNana kiyA hai vaha paThanIya hai| bharatakSetra meM kAla do prakAra ke haiN|27 1)avasarpiNI kAla aura utsarpiNI kaal| avasarpiNI kAla chaha prakAra kA hai- 1) suSama-suSamakAla, 2) suSamakAla, 3) suSama-duSamakAla, 4) duSama-suSamakAla, 5) duSamakAla, 6) dussmdussmkaal| utsarpiNI kAla ke chaha prakAra haiM- 1) duSama-duSamakAla, 2) duSamakAla, 3) duSama-suSamakAla, 4) suSama-duSamakAla, 5) suSamakAla, 6) sussmsussmkaal|28 jainatattva prakAza29 aura jainAgama stoka saMgraha30 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| samIkSA sarpaNa zabda kA artha reMganA, sarakanA yA calanA hai| kAla ke donoM bhedoM ke sAtha yaha zabda juDA huA hai| kAla sarpa kI taraha reMgatA huA zanaiH zanaiH apanI gati se calatA hai| avasarpiNI zabda meM jo 'ava' upasarga lagA hai| vaha apakarSa yA -hAsa kA dyotaka hai| utsarpiNI zabda meM 'ut' upasarga lagA hai, vaha utkarSa yA vRddhi kA sUcaka hai| avasarpiNI kAla sabhI dRSTiyoM se kramaza: -hAsonmukha hotA hai usake jo chaha bheda batalAye gaye haiN| ve cakra yA pahiye ke Araka kI taraha haiM, isalie inheM Araka yA ArA kahA jAtA hai| avasarpiNI kAla ke chaha Are avasarpiNI kAla kA pahalA ArA suSama-suSama kahA gayA hai| suSamA zabda suMdaratA, samRddhi yA sukumAratA kA dyotaka hai| prathama Are meM suSama zabda do bAra AyA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki- isa kAla meM jIvoM kI zakti, avagAhanA, Ayu tathA samasta padArtha atyaMta utkarSamaya hote haiN| zAstroM meM isa Are kA varNana vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| prathama Are kI apekSAkRta dUsare Are meM hInatA yA nyUnatA A jAtI hai| isalie dUsare Are kA nAma kevala suSama hI raha jAtA hai| isa Are meM atyaMtatA yA adhikatA nahIM rhtii| yahA~ apakarSa yA nhAsa kA krama uttarottara baDhatA jAtA hai| tIsare Are meM sukhamayatA, dUsare Are kI apekSA kama ho jAtI hai, arthAt usameM sukha ke sAtha duHkha bhI juDa jAtA hai| isameM sukha adhika hotA hai aura duHkha kama hotA hai| kAla ke prabhAva se dharatI ke rasa-kasa kama ho jAte haiN| isa Are meM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA janma hotA hai| unhoMne puruSoM ko (72) bahattara kalAyeM aura striyoM ko (64) cauSaTha kalAyeM sikhaaiiN| ve svayaM pravrajita hokara sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha dharmasaMgha kI

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27 sthApanA karate haiN| unhoMne muniyoM ke lie pAMca mahAvrata aura gRhasthoM ke lie bAraha vratoM kA upadeza diyA aura ve Ayu pUrNa karake mokSagAmI hue haiN| isa Are ko suSama-duSama kahA jAtA hai| caturtha Are meM du:kha kA bhAga adhika hotA hai, tathA sukha kA bhAga kama hotA hai, isalie ise duSama-suSama kahA jAtA hai| isa Are meM bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI mokSa ko prApta hue haiN| paMcama Are ko duSama kahA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki- vaha sarvathA du:khamaya hotA hai| usameM sukha nahIM hotaa| isa Are meM varNAdi paryAyoM meM anaMtaguNI hInatA A jAtI hai kramaza: -hAsa hotA hai| chaThe Are meM du:kha kI atyAdhikatA ho jAtI hai, tathA vaha ArA ghora duHkhamaya hotA hai, isalie ise duSama-duSama kahA gayA hai| avasarpiNI kAla kA prathama ArA atyaMta sukhamaya aura aMtima ArA atyaMta duHkhamaya hotA hai| usakI parAkASTA kramazaH ghaTatI ghaTatI duHkha kI parAkASTA meM parivartita hotI hai| utsarpiNI kAla ke chaha Are avasarpiNI kAla ke pazcAt utsarpiNI kAla AtA hai| usakA gati krama avasarpiNI se sarvathA viparIta yA ulTA hai| avasarpiNI kA antima ArA duSama-duSama ke samAna hai utsarpiNI kA prathama Are ke samAna hotA hai| jisa prakAra avasarpiNI meM kramazaH sukha ghaTatA jAtA hai aura duHkha baDhatA jAtA hai| usI prakAra utsarpiNI meM duHkha ghaTatA jAtA hai aura sukha baDhatA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra avasarpiNI kA aMtima bhAga nitAMta dukhamaya hotA hai usI prakAra utsarpiNI kA prathama ArA ghora duHkha pUrNa hotA hai, isalie isakA nAma duSama-duSama hai| avasarpiNI ke paMcama Are ke samAna utsarpiNI kA dvitIya ArA hotA hai| donoM duHkhamaya haiN| utsarpiNI ke duSama Are meM bharatakSetra meM pAMca prakAra kI vRSTi hotI hai| vanaspatiyoM meM pA~ca rasoM kI utpatti hotI hai| utsarpiNI kA tIsarA ArA duHkha kI bahulatA aura usakI apekSA sukha kI alpatA kA kAla hai| vaha duSama-suSama nAmaka kAla hai| vaha apasarpiNI kAla ke cauthe Are ke samAna isameM prathama tIrthaMkara kA janma hotA hai| utsarpiNI kA cauthA ArA suSama-duSama kAla hai| usameM sukha adhika hai, aura duHkha kama hai| isameM caubIsave tIrthaMkara mokSa meM jAte haiN| varNAdi zubha paryAyoM meM vRddhi hotI hai| usI prakAra avasarpiNI kA tIsarA kAla hai| utsarpiNI kA pAMcavA suSama kAla hai; jo sukhamaya hai| usI prakAra avasarpiNI kA dUsarA kAla sukhamaya hai| isameM varNAdi zubha paryAyoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| utsarpiNI kA chaTThA ArA suSama-suSama hai| jo atyaMta sukhamaya hai avasarpiNI ke prathama ArA isake sadRza hai|31

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28 samIkSA prakRti jagat ke vAtAvaraNa meM kSaNa kSaNa meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| vaha parivartana aneka mukhI hotA hai| usake pariNAma svarUpa jagata meM vidyamAna padArtha bhI badalate jAte haiN| pudgalAtmaka pariNamana bhI vividhatAmaya hotA jAtA hai| usa parivartana ke anurUpa jaivika jIva kI sthitiyA~ bhI vividha rUpa meM prakaTa hotI haiN| vahA~ parivartana kI dhArA utkarSa aura apakarSa ko lekara dvimukhI hotI hai| use utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA hai| kAla cakra ke donoM rUpoM ke sAtha kramaza: yahI bhAva juDA rahatA hai| ___'utsarpiNI kA prathama evaM avasarpiNI kA aMtima kAla atyadhika vikAra yukta hotA hai|' sabhI padArtha durgati aura duravasthA liye rahate haiN| vaisI ghora pApamaya sthitiyoM para socate hue vyakti ke aMta:karaNa meM vaha bhAva utpanna hotA ki apanI anukUla jisa sthiti meM vaha hai vaisA nahIM hai, usako usakA lAbha lete hue dharmAcaraNa meM lIna rahanA caahie| kAlacakra ke svarUpa ke parizIlana se jagata kI vicitratA aura viSamatA kA bodha hotA hai aura isa bhramaNazIla kAla cakra ko pAra kara paramasukha ko prApta karanA usase mAnava AtmAvalokana meM utprerita hotA hai| tIrthaMkara evaM dharmatIrtha vartamAna apasarpiNI ke tIsare cauthe Are meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue haiM jo isa prakAra haiM 1) zrI. RSabhadevajI 2) zrI. ajitanAthajI 3) zrI. saMbhavanAthajI 4) zrI. abhinaMdanajI 5) zrI. sumatinAthajI 6) zrI. padmaprabhujI 7) zrI. supArzvanAthajI 8) zrI. caMdraprabhujI 9) zrI. suvidhinAthajI 10) zrI. zItalanAthajI 11) zrI. zreyAMsanAthajI 12) zrI. vAsupUjyajI 13) zrI. vimalanAthajI 14) zrI. anaMtanAthajI 15) zrI. dharmanAthajI 16) zrI. zAMtinAthajI 17) zrI. kuMthunAthajI 18) zrI. arahanAthajI 19) zrI. mallinAthajI 20) zrI. munisuvratanAthajI 21) zrI. naminAthajI 22) zrI. ariSThanemijI 23) zrI. pArzvanAthajI 24) zrI. mahAvIra svAmIjI /

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29 yaMtra-maMtra-taMtra-vijJAna 32 aura Agama ke anamola ratnoM33 meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana hai| zrI jainasiddhAMta bola saMgraha, bhAga-6 meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke cyavana, janma, mAtApitA ke nAma, lAMchana evaM zarIra pramANa Adi kA ullekha hai|34 tIrthaMkaroM kI aisI anaMta caubIsiyA~ ho cukI haiM aura hotI rheNgii|35 tIrthaMkara evaM dharmatIrtha tIrthaMkara zabda bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| zramaNa, zramaNI, zramaNopAsaka tathA zramaNopAsikA ina cAroM kA samudAya tIrtha yA dharmatIrtha kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara apane apane yuga meM tIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiN| ve sarvajJa hote haiM kyoMki unake jJAnAvaraNIya karma, darzanAvaraNIya karma, mohanIya karma aura antarAya karma ke kSaya hone se ve vItarAga, sarvajJa, kevalI ho jAte haiN| ve dharmadezanA dete haiN| jisameM tattvadarzana evaM AcAra vidyA kA vivecana hotA hai| - eka tIrthaMkara kI paraMparA jaba taka calatI hai, taba unakI vANI ke AdhAra para hI sabhI dhArmika upakrama gatizIla hote haiN| vartamAna yuga meM dharmatIrtha yA jaina dharma bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA dI gaI dharmadezanA yA upadeza ke AdhAra para gatizIla hai| tIrthaMkaropadeza : Agama Agama viziSTa jJAna ke sUcaka haiM, jo pratyakSa bodha ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki- jinakA jJAna, jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke apagata yA kSaya se sarvathA nirmala aura zuddha ho jAtA hai| saMzaya aura saMdeha rahita hotA hai aise Apta puruSoM sarvajJa mahApuruSoM dvArA pratipAdita siddhAMtoM kA saMkalana Agama hai| tIrthaMkara sarvadarzI, sarvajJAtA hote haiM, kyoMki unake jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya karma kSINa ho jAte haiN| ve dharma dezanA dete haiN| jana-jana ko dharma ke siddhAMtoM kA, AcAra kA jJAna pradAna karate haiN| eka-eka yuga meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara kI dharmadezanA calatI hai| yadyapi, tAtvika rUpa meM to koI bheda nahIM hotA, para Age honevAle tIrthaMkara apane yuga ko apanI vANI dvArA saMbodhita karate haiN| unake dvArA pratipAdita vicAroM kA saMkalana zabda rUpa meM saMgrathana (gUMthanA) unake pramukha ziSya gaNadhara karate haiN| yaha jJAna kA srota- Agama isalie kahA jAtA hai kiyaha, anAdi kAla kI paraMparA se calA A rahA hai| vartamAna yuga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dharmadezanA hameM AgamoM ke rUpa meM prApta hai| jisakA gaNadharoM ne saMkalana kiyaa| bhagavAna kI dharmadezanA ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya bhadrabAha ne likhA hai- arhata tIrthaMkara artha bhASita karate haiN| siddhAMtoM yA tattvoM kA AkhyAna karate haiN| caturvidha dharma saMgha ke lAbha yA kalyANa ke lie gaNadhara nipuNatApUrvaka-kuzalatApUrvaka sUtrarUpa meM unakA graMthana karate haiM

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30 zabdarUpa meM saMkalana karate haiN| isa prakAra sUtra kA pravartana prasAra hotA hai|36 - AcArya zrI pUjya deveMdramunijI mahArAja ne jainAgama sAhitya nAmaka vizAla graMtha meM Agama sAhitya kA mahattva, Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabda, Agama kI paribhASA ityAdi vibhinna pakSoM ko lete hue vidvAna AcAryoM ke mantavyoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai, jisase adhyetAoM ko isa saMbaMdha meM yatheSTa paricaya milatA hai|37 vartamAna kAla meM hameM jo Agama prApta haiM, ye bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita haiN| aisI jaina paraMparA meM mAnyatA hai| yahA~ AgamoM ke saMbaMdha meM saMkSepa meM carcA karanA Avazyaka hai| AgamoM kIbhASA ___ bhASA kA jIvana meM bahuta mahattva hai| vahI abhivyakti kA sAdhana hai| yadi bhASA nahIM hotI to manuSya apane bhAvoM ko kabhI bhI vyakta nahIM kara sakatA thaa| bhASA hI vaha kAraNa hai jisase Aja hama atIta ke mahApuruSoM aura mahAna ciMtakoM ke vicAroM se lAbhAnvita ho rahe haiN| unhoMne bhASA dvArA apane-apane samaya meM jo bhAva pragaTa kiye ve AgamoM meM, zAstroM meM anya sAhitya dvArA hameM prApta haiN| bhASA kA saMbaMdha mAnava samudAya yA samAja ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| bhinna-bhinna dezoM, pradezoM aura janapadoM ke loga apanI-apanI bhASAyeM bolate haiN| unake dvArA eka dUsare ke vicAroM ko jAnate haiN| bhinna-bhinna dezoM, pradezoM meM bhASAyeM bhinna-bhinna hotI haiM kyoMki vahA~ rahane vAle lAgoM kA saMparka sUtra lagabhaga vahIM taka hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma licchavI gaNarAjya meM huaa| Aja vaha bhUbhAga uttarI bihAra meM AtA hai| vaizAlI usa samaya licchavI gaNarAjya kI rAjadhAnI thii| jo aba eka gAMva ke rUpa meM sthita hai| dakSiNI bihAra taba magadha kahalAtA thaa| usa samaya uttara bhArata meM jana bhASA ke rUpa meM prAkRta kA pracAra thaa| magadha meM jo prAkRta bolI jAtI thI; use mAgadhI kahA jAtA thaa| uttara bhArata ke pazcimI aMcala meM jo bhASA bolI jAtI thI; use zaurasenI kahA jAtA thaa| ina donoM ke bIca kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI thii| ardhamAgadhI, mAgadhI aura zaurasenI donoM kA rUpa liye hue thii| vaha usa samaya bhinna-bhinna pradezoM meM bolI jAnevAlI prAkRtoM kI saMparka sUtrarUpa bhASA thii|38 yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM dezanA dii| samavAyAMga sUtra39, bhagavaI,40 aura AcArAMga cUrNi41 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| __ dhArmika jagata meM usa samaya saMskRta kA mahattva thaa| usI meM auroM ke dharmazAstra racita the| dharma ke kSetra meM saMskRta kA mahattva bahuta bar3A thA, kintu sAdhAraNa janatA saMskRta nahIM

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31 samajhatI thii| ata: bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dharmopadeza ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM ardhamAgadhI ko apanAyA. kyoMki use sabhI loga samajha sakate the|42 samajhakara ve usakA lAbha uThA sakate the| kahA gayA hai ki- bAlako, striyoM, vRddhoM tathA azikSitoM sabhI logoM ke upakAra ke lie jo cAritra mUlaka dharma ko jAnanA cAhate the; bhagavAna ne prAkRta bhASA meM dharmopadeza dene kA anugraha kiyaa|43 navakAra prabhAvanA meM bhI yahI kahA hai|44 bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dharmadezanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevalajJAna-sarvajJatva, prApta karane ke bAda dharmadezanA dii| ve artharUpa meM upadeza dete the| unake pramukha ziSya gaNadhara zabda rUpa meM usakA saMkalana karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA jo upadeza zabda rUpa meM saMkalita kiyA gayA vaha gyAraha aMgoM kA aMgasUtroM ke rUpa meM isa prakAra haigyAraha aMga 1) AcArAMgasUtra , 2) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 3) sthAnAMgasUtra, 4) samavAyAMgasUtra, 5) bhagavatIsUtra, 6) jJAtAdharmakathAMgasUtra, 7) upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 8) antakRtAMgasUtra, 9) anuttaropapAtika dazA, 10) prazravyAkaraNasUtra, 11) vipaaksuutr| bAraha upAMga 1) aupapAtikasUtra, 2) rAjapraznIyasUtra, 3) jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 4) prajJApanAsUtra, 5) jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra, 6) caMdraprajJaptisUtra, 7) sUryaprajJaptisUtra, 8) niriyAvaliyAsUtra, 9) kalpAvataMsikAsUtra, 10) puSpikAsUtra, 11) puSpacUlikAsUtra, 12) vRssnnidshaasuutr| cAra mUlasUtra 1) dazavaikAlikasUtra, 2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 3) naMdIsUtra, 4) anuyogdvaarsuutr| cAra chedasUtra 1) vyavahArasUtra, 2) bRhatkalpasUtra, 3) nizIthasUtra, 4) dazAzrutaskaMdha aura 32vA~ aavshyksuutr| isa prakAra 32 Agama haiN| prAcIna kAla meM zAstroM kA jJAna kaMThastha kara yAda rakhA jAtA thaa| guru apane ziSyoM ko sikhAte the| Age calakara ve ziSya apane ziSyoM ko batAte the| isa prakAra vaha paraMparA zravaNa yA sunane ke AdhAra para uttarottara calatI rhii| isI kAraNa usa jJAna ko zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai|

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32 AgamoM kA mahattva jaina Agama sAhitya bhAratIya sAhitya kI anamola upalabdhi hai| anamola nidhi hai| jJAna, vijJAna kA akSaya bhaMDAra hai| Agama zabda 'A' upasarga 'gam' dhAtu se banA hai| A yAne 'pUrNa' aura 'gam' kA artha 'gati' yA prApti isa prakAra hotA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM45 Agama zabda 'jAnanA' isa artha meM prayukta huA hai| sAhitya aura saMskRti meM bhI yahI kahA hai46 bhagavatI sUtra7 anuyogadvAra48 aura sthAnAMgasUtra9 meM Agama zabda 'zAstra' isa artha meM prayukta huA hai| mUrdhanya mahAmaniSiyoM ne Agama zabda kI aneka paribhASAe~ likhI haiN| syAdvAdamaJjarI kI TIkA50 meM Agama kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai- 'Apta vacana Agama hai|' upacAra se Apta vacanoM se artha jJAna hotA hai| vaha Agama hai| AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki jisase padArthoM kI paripUrNatA ke sAtha maryAdita jJAna hotA hai vahI Agama hai| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa51 inhoMne Agama kI paribhASA dete hue likhA hai ki- jisake dvArA satyazikSA milatI hai| vaha zAstra Agama yA zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai| - Agama kevala akSara rUpI deha se vizAla aura vyApaka hI nahIM, lekina jJAna aura vijJAna ke, nyAya aura nIti ke, AcAra aura vicAra ke, dharma aura darzana ke, adhyAtma aura anubhavoM ke anupama aura akSaya koSa haiN| vaidika paraMparA meM jo sthAna veda kA haiM, bauddha paraMparA meM jo sthAna tripiTaka kA hai, IsAI dharma meM jo sthAna bAIbala kA hai, islAma dharma meM jo sthAna kurANa kA hai, pArasI dharma meM jo sthAna avestA kA hai, zikhadharma meM jo sthAna guru graMtha sAheba kA hai, vahI sthAna jaina paraMparA meM Agama sAhitya kA hai|52 AgamoM kA saMkalana prathama vAcanA jaina paraMparA meM aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 160 varSa pazcAt (367 i. sa. pUrva) caMdragupta maurya ke zAsana kAla meM bhayaMkara akAla pddaa| sAdhu idhara udhara bikhara gye| saMgha ko ciMtA huI ki- AgamoM kA jJAna yathArtha rUpa meM calatA rahe, isakA prayAsa kiyA jaaye| duSkAla samApta ho jAne para pATalI putra meM AcArya sthUlabhadra ke netRtva meM sAdhuoM kA eka sammelana kiyA gyaa| sAdhuoM ne aMga Agama ke pATha kA milAna kiyaa| bArahavA~ aMga dRSTivAda kisI ko bhI yAda nahIM thaa| isalie usakA saMkalana nahIM ho skaa| dRSTivAda meM pUrvo kA jJAna thaa| AgamoM ke saMkalana kA yaha pahalA prayAsa thaa| ise AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| usa samaya caturdaza pUrva ke dhAraka kevala AcArya bhadrabAhu the| ve nepAla deza meM mahAprANa

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33 dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| unase pUrvo kA jJAna prApta karane hetu saMghane 1500 muniyoM ko unake pAsa nepAla bhejaa| 500 muni par3hane vAle the| 1000 muni unakI sevA hetu the| adhyayana cAlu huaa| adhyayana kI kaThinatA se ghabarAkara sthUlabhadra ke atirikta bAkI saba muni vApasa lauTa aaye| . sthUlabhadra ne dasa pUrvo kA artha sahita adhyayana kara liyA, kiMtu kisI truTI ke kAraNa AcArya bhadrabAhu ne cAra pUrvo kA kevala pATha rUpa meM adhyayana karavAyA, artha nahIM btaayaa| isa prakAra sthUlabhadra daza pUrvo ke paripUrNa jJAtA the tathA cAra pUrvo kA kevala pATha jAnate the| Age calakara dhIre-dhIre pUrvo kA jJAna lupta hotA gyaa| Agama yuga jaina darzana53, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja54, upAsakadazAMga sUtra,55 jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA56, jaina tattvaprakAza aura namaskAra mahimA58 meM yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| dvitIya vAcanA aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda 827 aura 840 varSa ke bIca AgamoM ko vyavasthita karane kA eka aura prayAsa calA kyoMki usa samaya bhI pahale kI taraha eka bhayAnaka akAla paDA thA, jisase bhikSA ke abhAva meM aneka sAdhu devaloka ho / gye| mathurA meM Arya skaMdila kI pradhAnatA meM sAdhuoM kA sammelana huaa| jisameM AgamoM kA saMkalana kiyA gyaa| ___ isI samaya ke AsapAsa saurASTra meM vallabhI meM bhI AcArya nAgArjunasUri ke netRttva meM sAdhuoM kA vaisA hI sammelana bulAyA gyaa| mathurA meM aura vallabhI meM hue ina donoM sammelanoM ko dvitIya vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| tRtIya vAcanA dhIre-dhIre logoM kI smaraNa zakti kama hone lgii| isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 980 yA 993) varSa ke bAda saurASTra ke arntagata vallabhI meM deva/gaNI kSamAzramaNa nAmaka AcArya ke netRtva meM sammelana huaa| AgamoM kA milAna aura saMkalana kiyA gyaa| usa samaya yaha vicAra AyA ki dhIre-dhIre manuSyoM kI smaraNa zakti kama hotI jA rahI hai, isalie samasta AgamoM ko kaMThastha rakhanA kaThina hogaa| taba AgamoM ko lipibaddha yA lekhana baddha karane kA nirNaya liyA gyaa| tadanusAra AgamoM kA lekhana huaa| dRSTivAda to pahale se lupta thaa| use vicchinna ghoSita kiyA gyaa| mUla aura TIkA meM apane ko 'vAyaNaMtare puNa athavA nAgArjunIyAstu paThanti' aisA ullekha milatA hai|59 Aja hameM jo Agama prApta haiM ve tIsarI vAcanA meM likhe gaye the|60 Agama yuga kA jaina darzana61 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| yaha bAta mahattvapUrNa hai ki bhagavAna mahAsIra kI vANI Aja bhI hameM prApta hai|

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34 AgamoM kA vistAra gyAraha aMgoM ke atirikta jinakA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai| upAMga, mUla, cheda ke rUpa meM anya graMtha bhI prApta hote haiM jo aMgoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| isa prakAra aMga aura aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM jaina AgamoM kA vistAra huaa| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki- ye Agama zvetAMbara paraMparA meM mAnya haiN| zvetAMbaroM meM inakI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM eka samAna mata nahIM haiN| koI inakI saMkhyA 84, koI inakI saMkhyA 45, aura koI 32 mAnate haiN| zvetAMbara maMdiramArgI saMpradAya meM 45 evaM 84 kI saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna gaNoM meM mAnya haiN| aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla ke atirikta jo Agama mAne jAte haiN| unheM prakIrNaka kahA jAtA hai| Agama: anuyoga AgamoM meM Aye hue viSaya- aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, siddhAMta, bheda, tattva Adi kI dRSTi se haiN| AcArya AryarakSitasUri ne unakA cAra anuyogoM meM vibhAjana kiyA hai| 1) caraNakaraNAnuyoga, 2) dharmakathAnuyoga, 3) gaNitAnuyoga, 4) dravyAnuyoga / 62 namaskAra ciMtAmaNI,63 dazavaikAlika niyukti,64 Avazyaka niyukti65aura vizeSAvazyakabhASyapha6 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| __artha ke sAtha sUtra kI jo anukUla yojanA kI jAtI hai, usakA nAma anuyoga athavA sUtra kA apane abhidhyeya meM jo yoga hotA hai, use anuyoga jAnanA caahie|67 1) caraNakaraNAnuyoga isameM AtmA ke utthAna ke mUlaguNa, AcAra, vrata, uttaraguNa, samyakjJAna, samyakdarzana, samyakcAritra, saMyama, vaiyAvRtya, kaSAya, nigraha, AhAra vizuddhi, samiti, gupti, bhAvanA iMdriyanigraha, pratilekhana Adi kA vivecana hai| isameM AcArAMga tathA praznavyAkaraNa ye do aMgasUtra, dazavakAlika yaha eka mUlasUtra, nizItha, vyavahAra, bRhat kalpa evaM dazAzruta skaMdha ye cAra cheda sUtra tathA Avazyaka isa prakAra kula ATha sUtra Ate haiN| 2) dharmakathAnuyoga - isameM dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAvanA, dayA, kSamA, Arjava, mArdava Adi dharma ke aMgoM kA vizeSa rUpa se kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM kathA, AkhyAna, upAkhyAna dvArA dhArmika siddhAMtoM kA vivecana hai| isake antargata jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA tathA vipAka ye pAMca aMgasUtra, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, nirayAvalikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA aura vRSNidazA ye sAta upAMgasUtra evaM uttarAdhyayana sUtra yaha eka

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35 mUlasUtra isa prakAra kula 13 sUtra isameM Ate haiN| 3) gaNitAnuyoga isameM sUrya, caMdra, nakSatra, bhUgola, khagola Adi viSayoM kA tathA graha, gatiyoM Adi se saMbaMdhita gaNanAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM gaNita kI pradhAnatA hai| munizrI mahendrakumArajI dvitIya ne 'vizvaprahelikA' nAmaka pustaka meM vijJAna, pAzcAtya darzana evaM jaina darzana ke Aloka meM vizva kI vAstavikatA, Ayatana va Ayu kI mImAMsA ke antargata digaMbara evaM zvetAMbara paraMparA kI mAnyatA ke anusAra jo gaNitika vivecana kiyA hai, usase gaNitAnuyoga ko samajhane meM baDI sahAyatA milatI hai|68 isake antargata jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, caMdra prajJapti tathA sUrya prajJapti ye tIna upAMga sUtra samAviSTa haiN| 4) dravyAnuyoga isameM jIva, ajIva Adi chaha dravyoM aura nau tattvoM kA kahIM vistAra se kahIM saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| battIsa AgamoM ko ina cAra anuyogoM kI dRSTi se zreNigata kiyA jAya to caraNakaraNAnuyoga ke arntagata sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti ye cAra aMgasUtra, jIvAjIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, ye do upAMga sUtra evaM naMdI aura anuyoga dvAra ye do mUlasUtra ye kula milAkara ATha sUtra samAviSTa haiN| yaha uparokta vargIkaraNa viSaya sAdRzya kI dRSTi se huA hai, paraMtu nizcita rUpa se yaha kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki anya AgamoM meM anya anuyogoM kA varNana nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM dharmakathA ke sAtha-sAtha dArzanika tathyoM kA bhI vivecana hai| bhagavatI sUtra to aneka viSayoM kA mahAsAgara hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI alaga-alaga viSayoM kI carcA hai| kucha AgamoM meM cAroM anuyogoM kA saMmizraNa dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina cAroM anuyogoM meM samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna tathA samyakcAritra rUpa mokSamArga kA vividha sthAnoM para kahIM saMkSepa meM kahIM vistArapUrvaka viSada vivecana huA hai| yaha kArya AgamoM kI vyavasthA ko sarala banAne hetu AryarakSita dvArA vi. sa. 122 ke AsapAsa sampanna huaa|69 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya70 aura dazavakAlika niyukti71 meM bhI kahA hai| aMga Agama paricaya mAnava ke zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna aMga upAMga hote haiN| una sabake samavAya ko jIvana kahA 'jAtA hai| pratyeka aMga kA apanA apanA kArya hotA hai| vaise hI jJAnI puruSoM ne Agama puruSa kI kalpanA kI hai| jaina Agama sAhitya ko aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda Adi ko bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM svIkAra

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___36 kiyA gayA hai| unake bAraha aMga mAne gaye haiN| jinameM jaina dhArA dArzanika, dhArmika, naitika Adi vibhinna rUpoM meM pravAhita hotI hai| AcAra prabhRti Agama meM zruta puruSa kA aMgasthAna meM hone se aMga isa prakAra pahacAne jAte haiN|72 mUlArAdhanA73 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| Agama puruSa meM AcArAMga usake zIrSa (mastaka) sthAnIya hai| jisa prakAra hAtha paira Adi aMga manuSya ke zarIra ko saMcAlita karate haiM, vaise hI Agama dhArmika jIvana ko saMcAlita karate haiN| usI prakAra se yahA~ Agama zruta jJAnarUpI puruSa ke vividha aMgoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| 1) AcArAMga ___ AcArAMga sUtra kA bAraha aMgoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isalie vidvAnoM ne isako aMgoM kA sAra kahA hai|74 sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM kI AcAra paraMparA kA isameM vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| ___ yaha do zrutaskaMdhoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale zrutaskaMdha meM nau adhyayana haiN| ve brahmacarya AcAracaryA kahalAte haiN| isameM cavAlIsa uddezaka haiN| isake prathama adhyayana kA nAma upadhAnazruta hai| isameM bha. mahAvIra kI kaThora sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA kA varNana hai| jaba bhagavAna lADha deza meM vajrabhUmi tathA zubhrabhUmi nAmaka sthAnoM meM vicaraNa kara rahe the, taba unheM aneka prakAra ke upasargoM-kaSToM ko sahana karanA pdd'aa| vahA~ ke loga unheM mArate, pITate, dA~toM se kATa lete the| unako vahA~ lUkhA-sUkhA AhAra prApta hotA thaa| vahA~ loga unake pIche kuttoM ko choDate the| kabhI koI vyakti kutte se bacAtA thaa|75 niSadhakumAra caritra meM bhI yahI bAta hai|76 sthAnAMga sUtra ke nauMve sthAna meM bhI upasarga sahana kA pATha AtA hai|77 . jaba bhojana yA sthAna (vasati) ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra kisI gA~va meM pahu~cate to, gA~va meM rahanevAle loga mArate, pITate aura kahate yahA~ se dUra cale jaao| ve unako daMDoM se, mukkoM se, bhAloM kI tIkhI noMka se, miTTI ke DheloM se yA kaMkaroM se una para prahAra karate tathA bahuta kolAhala krte| kabhI-kabhI unake zarIra kA mAMsa noMca lete| unake Upara dhUla brsaate| unheM Upara uThAkara nIce paTaka dete| Asana se girA dete kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra zarIra kA mamatva tyAgakara saba sahate hue apane lakSya ke prati aDiga rhte|78 dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM solaha adhyayana haiN| tIna cUlikAoM meM vibhakta hai| piMDaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AhAra viSayaka niyamoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| . zaiyA adhyayana meM AvAsa sthAna ke guNadoSoM kA tathA gRhastha ke sAtha rahane meM lagane vAle doSoM kA varNana hai|

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iriyA adhyayana meM sAdhu ke vihAra yA vicaraNa viSayaka niyamoM kA vivecana hai| batAyA gayA hai ki- deza kI sImA para nivAsa karanevAlA akAlacArI- binA samaya ghUmane vAlA akAlabhakSI, binA samaya cAhe khAnevAlA- daSyu-DAku, mleccha aura anArya dezoM meM sAdhusAdhviyoM ko vicaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| ye sAta adhyayana prathama cUlikA ke antargata haiN| dvitIya cUlikA meM bhI svAdhyAya sthAna Adi ke saMbaMdha meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke niyamoM kA vidhAna hai| tIsarI cUlikA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA caritra tathA mahAvratoM kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA tathA mokSa kA varNana hai| ___isa sUtra meM karma siddAMta kA varNana isa prakAra hai| Asrava, saMvara, bodha, saMsAra kA mUla Asakti, baMdha mokSa parijJAna kaSAyavijaya, samyagjJAna : Asrava, samyaktapa : duHkha evaM karmakSayavidhi, samyakcAritra : sAdhanA ke saMdarbha meM, AraMbha kaSAya pada, karmabaMdha aura mukti, mohAchanna jIva kI karuNadazA, karmamala kI zuddhi kI preraNA aura karmaaMta karane kI preraNA Adi viSayoM kA varNana isa zAstra meM AyA hai| . isa sUtra para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne niyukti, jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne cUrNi aura AcArya zIlAMka ne TIkA kI racanA kii| jinahaMsa nAmaka AcArya ne isa para dIpikA likhii| jarmana ke prasiddha vidvAna DaoN. harmana jekobI ne isakA aMgrajI meM anuvAda kiyA aura isakI gaveSaNApUrNa prastAvanA likhii| sabase pahale AcArAMga sUtra meM prathama-zrutaskaMdha san 1910 meM prophesara volTara ne sUtrIMga nAmaka jarmana vidvAna dvArA saMpAdana kiyA gayA tathA jarmanI meM 'lipajaga' meM prakAzana huaa| 2) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM svasamaya apane tathA jaina dharma ke siddhAMtoM tathA parasamaya anya matavAdiyoM ke siddhAMtoM kA varNana hai| isameM do zrutaskaMdha haiN| pahale zrutaskaMdha meM paMcabhUtavAdI, advaitavAdI, jIva aura zarIra ko abhinna mAnane vAle, jIva puNya aura pApa kA kartA nahIM hai, aisA mAnane vAle, pAMca bhUtoM ke sAtha chaTThA AtmA hai, aisA svIkAra karane vAle, koI bhI kriyA phala nahIM detI aisA mAnane vAloM ke siddhAMtoM kA vivecana hai| isa zAstra meM baMdha mokSa svarUpa, karma vipAka darzana karma vidAraka vIroM ko upadeza, samyagdarzana meM sAdhaka bAdhaka tattva, mokSa prApti kisa ko sulabha aura kisako durlabha, mokSa prApta puruSottama aura zAzvata sthAna pratyAkhyAna kriyArahita sadaiva pApakarma baMdhakartA kyoM aura kaise baMdha aura mokSa Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA Adi kA nirupaNa kiyA hai| niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, jagatkartRtvavAda evaM lokavAda kA isameM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| vaitADhya adhyayana meM zarIra ke anityatva, upasarga, sahiSNutA, kAma parityAga aura

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38 azaraNatva Adi kA pratipAdana hai| upasarga adhyayana meM saMyama pAlana meM Ane vAle upasargoM, vighnoM yA kaSToM kA varNana hai| strI parijJA adhyayana meM sAdhuoM ko strIjanya upasarga ko Atmabala ke sAtha sahana karanA cAhie aura unakA nivAraNa karanA caahie| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM sAta adhyayana haiN| puMDarIka adhyayana meM isa loka ko puSkaraNI kI upamA dI gaI hai| tad jIva, tajjazarIra, paMca mahAbhUta, Izvara tathA niyativAda kA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu ko azana, pAna, khAdya, svAdya Adi padArthoM ko maryAdA, niyama aura virakti bhAva ke sAtha grahaNa karanA caahie| kriyAsthAna adhyayana meM kriyA sthAnoM kA, AhAra parijJA adhyayana meM vanaspatiyA~, jalacara tathA pakSI Adi kA aura pratyAkhyAna ke adhyayana meM jIva hiMsA ho jAne para pratyAkhyAna kI AvazyakatA kA vivecana hai| AcArazruta adhyayana meM sAdhuoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma nAlaMdIya adhyayana hai| gautama gaNadhara nAlaMdA meM lepa nAmaka gRhapati ke hastIyAma nAma vanakhaMDa meM Thahare the| yahA~ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke ziSya udaka peDhAlaputra ke sAtha vicAra vimarza huaa| pariNAma svarUpa udaka peDhAlaputra ne cAturyAma dharma ke sthAna para pA~ca mahAvrata svIkAra kiye|79 AcArya bhadrabAhu ne sUtrakRtAMga sUtra para niyukti kI racanA kii| jinadAsa mahattara ne isa para cUrNi likhii| AcArya zIlAMka ne saMskRta meM isa para TIkA kI racanA kii| muni harSakula aura sAdhuraMga ne dIpikAyeM likhii| bhASA aura vivecana kI dRSTi se AcArAMga sUtra kI taraha yaha bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| DaoN. harmana jekobI ne isakA agrejI meM anuvAda kiyaa| 3) sthAnAMgasUtra yaha tIsarA aMga haiN| isameM anya AgamoM kI taraha upadezoM kA saMkalana nahIM hai, kiMtu yahA~ sthAna yA saMkhyA ke krama se loka meM pracalita eka se dasa taka kI vibhinna vastue~ ginAI gaIM haiN| sAdhu-zrAvaka ke AcAra gocara kA kathana hai| yaha zAstra vidvAnoM ke lie bar3A camatkAra janaka hai| __sthAnAMga sUtra meM karmaprakRtisUtra, karmAzasUtra, karmAvasthAsUtra, mahattakarma, alpakarma, karmabaMdhasUtra, saMvara-asaMvara sUtra Adi kA vistRta vivecana hai| bauddha sAhitya meM aMguttaranikAya isa prakAra kA graMtha hai|

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39 sthAnAMga sUtra meM dasa adhyayana haiM tathA 783 sUtra haiM / AcArya abhayadevasUri ne isa para saMskRta meM TIkA likhii| 4) samavAyAMgasUtra __ yaha cauthA aMga haiN| sthAnAMga sUtra kI taraha isameM bhI saMkhyAoM ke AdhAra para varNana hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM dasa taka kI saMkhyA lI gaI hai| isameM eka se lekara koTAnukoTI saMkhyA taka kI vastuoM kA ullekha hai| dvAdazAMgI kI saMkSipta huNDI bhI isameM ullekhita hai| jyotiSacakra daMDaka zarIra, avadhijJAna, vedanA, AhAra, AyubaMdha, saMhanana, saMsthAna, tInoM kAloM ke kulakara, vartamAna caubIsI, cakravartI, baladeva vAsudeva, prativAsudeva Adi nAma unake mAtApitA ke pUrva bhava ke nAma tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrva bhavoM ke nAma tathA airAvata kSetra kI caubIsI Adi ke nAma bhI batalAye gaye haiN| yaha gahana jJAna kA khajAnA hai| abhayadevasUri ne isa para TIkA likhii| isa sUtra meM dharma, adharma, puNya, pApa, baMdha, mokSa, Asrava, saMvara, vedanA, nirjarA, kaSAya, karma prakRti vedana darzanAvaraNa kI prakRtiyA~, mohanIya karma kI sattA, karmavipAka, mohanIya karma prakRti kI sthiti Adi viSayoM kA nirupaNa hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatIsUtra) vyAkhyA kA artha vizleSaNa aura prajJapti kA artha prarUpaNA hotA hai| isa sUtra meM jIvAdi vyAkhyAoM kI prarUpaNA yA vivecana hai| isalie ise vyAkhyAprajJapti kahA jAtA hai| ye vyAkhyAyeM praznottaroM ke rUpa meM haiN| isa pAMcave aMga meM eka zrutaskaMdha hai, 41 zataka aura 1000 uddezaka haiN| isameM chattIsa hajAra praznottara haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya gaNadhara gautama bhagavAna se jaina siddhAMtoM ke bAre meM prazna karate haiN| isa sUtra meM kucha aise bhI saMvAda haiM jinameM anya matavAdiyoM ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vAda-vivAda yA vArtAlApa uddhRta hai| isa sUtra meM aise prasaMga bhI haiM jisase bhagavAna mahAvIra ke viSaya meM jJAta hotA hai| isameM bhagavAna ke lie vesAliya sAvaya- vaizAlika zrAvaka zabda AyA hai| jisase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra vaizAlI ke the| aneka sthaloM para aise varNana Ate haiM jahA~ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM ne cAturyAma dharma ko choDakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMca mahAvrata dharma ko aMgIkAra kiyaa| isa sUtra meM gozAlaka kA vistAra se varNana hai| nau mallI aura nau licchavI gaNa rAjyoM kA isameM ullekha hai| udAyana, mRgAvatI, jayaMtI Adi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAiyoM kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra prathama khaMDa ke prathama uddezaka meM aparvana, saMkramaNa, nighatta, nikAcanA Adi kA varNana AyA hai| aSTa karmoM kI baMdha sthiti, karma kI

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40 sthiti do prakAra kI, vedanIya karma kI sthiti, AyuSyabaMdha ke saMbaMdha meM prarupaNA, pAMca jJAna kA svarUpa, karma prakRti ke saMbaMdha meM nirdeza, karma aura AtmA kA saMbaMdha ephapathika aura sAMparAyika kriyA saMbaMdhI carcA, karmaphala vedanA, alpAyu aura dIrghAyu ke kAraNabhUta karmabaMdha ke kAraNoM kA nirupaNa, alpAyu aura dIrghAyu ke kAraNoM kA rahasya Adi karma saMbaMdhI aneka viSayoM kA nirupaNa hai| aMga, baMga, mAlya, mAlavaya Adi solaha janapadoM kA isameM ullekha milatA hai| isa sUtra meM jaina siddhAMta, AcAra aura itihAsa saMbaMdhI itanA vistAra se varNana hai ki isa eka Agama ke adhyayana se adhyetA ko jaina dharma kA yatheSTa jJAna ho sakatA hai| isa para AcArya abhayadeva sUri ne TIkA likhI hai| jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra __yaha chaTThA aMga hai| isako 'nAyadhammakahA' jJAtadharmakathA bhI kahA jAtA hai| jJAta kA artha hai udAharaNa, isameM udAharaNa aura dhArmika kathAyeM haiN| dharma ke siddhAMta AcAra Adi kA isameM vivecana hai| vidvAnoM ne bhASA, varNana, zailI Adi kI dRSTi se ise prAcInatama AgamoM meM mAnA hai| isameM do zrutaskaMdha haiN| pahale zrutaskaMdha meM unnIsa adhyayana haiM aura dUsare meM dasa varga haiN| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne isa para TIkA likhii| 7) upAsakadazAMgasUtra yaha sAtavAM aMga hai| aMga sUtroM meM yaha eka aisA Agama hai jisameM zrAvakoM ke jIvana kA, vratoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai| isameM daza adhyayana haiN| pratyeka adhyayana meM eka eka zrAvaka kA jIvana vRttAMta diyA gayA hai| isameM prathama adhyayana meM AnaMda zrAvaka kA vRttAMta hai| jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kA parama bhakta thaa| usakI saMpatti, parivAra, vyApAra, rahana, sahana Adi kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| jinameM hameM usa samaya ke loka jIvana kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| yaha bhI jJAta hotA ki vipula saMpatti ke svAmI hote hue bhI dharma ke prati bahuta AkRSTa rahate the| dharmAcaraNa aura dharmopAsanA meM ruci lete the| unake jIvana meM dhArmikatA, pArivArikatA, sAmAjikatA kA baDA suMdara samanvaya thaa| __ bhagavAna mahAvIra se AnaMda zrAvaka ne jisa prakAra vrata grahaNa kiye vaha prasaMga baDA hI udbodhaprada hai| vahA~ pratyeka vrata kA tathA usake aticAroM kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| AnaMda zrAvaka ne saMpatti, bhogopabhoga Adi meM jo apavAda rakhe, unameM usake jIvana kI saralatA,

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sAdagI aura buddhimattA pragaTa hotI hai| anya zrAvakoM kA jIvana bhI bahuta unnata thaa| dharma pAlana meM vidhna Ane para bhI unhoMne dharma kA parityAga nahIM kiyaa| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne isa para TIkA kI racanA kii| 8) antakRtdazAMgasUtra jaise upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM upAsakoM kI kathAyeM haiN| usI prakAra isameM saMsAra kA aMta karane vAle kevaliyoM kI kathAyeM haiM, isalie isakA nAma antakRtdazAMga sUtra hai| isameM jo kathAyeM AyI haiM, ve prAya: eka jaisI zailI meM likhI gaI haiN| vahA~ kathAoM ke kucha aMza kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| bAkI ke aMza vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra se yA jJAtAdharma kathAMga sUtra se lene kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| isameM zreNika kI kAli Adi rAniyoM dvArA kI huI tapasyA kA varNana hai|8deg isameM kula nabbe mokSagAmI jIvoM kA varNana hai| 9) anuttaraupapAtikasUtra ye navavA aMga hai| isameM apane puNyaprabhAva se anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna honevAle viziSTa mahApuruSoM kA varNana hai| isameM upAsakadazAMga aura aMtakRtdazAMga kI taraha isameM bhI pahale bhI dasa adhyayana the, kintu aba kula tIna varga bAkI raha gaye haiN| sarvatra eka sI zailI hai| isameM kAMkadI nagarI ke dhannA seTha ke dIkSA grahaNa kara atyaMta kaThina tapasyA kara zarIra damana kiyA, ve ekAvatArI hokara mokSa jAyeMge yaha sArA varNana isameM hai| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne isa para TIkA likhii|81 10) praznavyAkaraNasUtra yaha dazavA aMga hai| prazra tathA vyAkaraNa ina do zabdoM se banA hai| prazra kA artha pUchanA yA jijJAsA karanA hai| vyAkaraNa kA artha vyAkhyA karanA yA uttara denA hai| vartamAna kAla meM isa sUtra kA jo hameM rUpa prApta hotA hai usameM kahIM bhI praznottara nahIM haiN| kevala AsravadvAra aura saMvaradvAra rUpa meM varNana prApta hotA hai|82 AsravadvAra meM prANAtipAtaviramaNa Adi pAMca saMvaroM kA varNana hai| sthAnAMga aura naMdIsUtra meM prazravyAkaraNa sUtra meM viSayoM kA jo ullekha huA hai| vartamAna meM isa sUtra kA jo rUpa upalabdha hai, usameM ve viSaya prApta nahIM hote, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isakA prAcIna rUpa vicchinna ho gyaa| vartamAna rUpa meM hiMsAdi Asrava dvAroM kA tathA ahiMsAdi saMvara dvAroM kA jo varNana isameM prApta hotA hai| vaha hiMsA, ahiMsA Adi tattvoM ko viSada rUpa meM samajhane meM bahuta upayogI hai| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai|

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42 AcArya zrI devendramuni ma. ne praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai ki, vartamAna prazravyAkaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prazroM ke uttaroM kA AMzika bhAga hai|83 11) vipAkasUtra vipAka kA artha phala yA paripAka hai| isameM pApoM aura puNya ke vipAka yA phala kA varNana hai| isalie yaha vipAka ke nAma se prasiddha hai| sthAnAMga ke anusAra isameM dasa adhyayana haiN| jo do zrutaskaMdhoM meM vibhAjita haiN| pahalA zrutaskaMdha duHkha vipAka, aura dUsarA sukha vipAka ke nAma se prasiddha hai| karma siddhAMta jaina darzana kA mukhya siddhAMta hai| usakA dArzanika vizleSaNa udAharaNoM dvArA isa Agama meM diyA hai| pahale vibhAga meM duSkarma karanevAle vyakti ke jIvana kA varNana hai| hiMsA, corI, abahmacarya ityAdi duSkarmoM se bhayaMkara aparAdha karate haiN| apane duSkarma ke kAraNa unako karma phala bhoganA paDatA hai| isameM pApa ke kaTuphala dikhAkara vizva ko saMdeza diyA ki bure karmoM kA phala burA milatA hai yaha jAnakara bure karmoM ko tyAganA caahie| vipAkasUtra ke dUsare vibhAga meM satkarma karane vAle vyaktiyoM ke jIvana kA varNana hai jinhoMne apane karmoM ko kSaya kara mokSa prApta kiyA hai| yaha varNana isa sUtra meM AyA hai| gaNadhara gautama saMsAra ke bahuta se duHkhita logoM ko dekhakara bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra usake uttara dete haiN| pApa karmoM ke pariNAma svarUpa prANI kisa prakAra kaSTa pAte haiM? tathA puNyoM ke pariNAma svarUpa sukha bhogate haiN| ye donoM hI sthitiyA~ isa sUtra meM viSad vivecita haiN| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne isa para TIkA kI racanA kii| isa prakAra AcArya abhayadevasUri ne tRtIya aMga sUtra samavAyAMga sUtra se lekara vipAka sUtra taka nau aMgoM kI TIkAyeM likhii| isalie jaina jagat meM navAMgI TIkAkAra ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| jaise pahale sUcita kiyA gayA hai, bArahavA~ aMga dRSTivAda lupta ho gayA, isalie usakA saMkalana nahIM kiyA jA skaa| 12) dRSTivAda yaha bArahavA aMga haiN| dRSTi kA artha darzana tathA vAda kA artha carcA yA vicAra vimarza hai| isameM vibhinna darzanoM kI carcA rahI hogii| dRSTivAda isa samaya lupta hai| upAMga paricaya _ 'upa' upasarga samIpa kA dyotaka hai| jo aMgoM ke samIpa hote haiM arthAt unake pUraka hote haiM ve upAMga kahalAte haiN| cAra vedoM ke zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, nirukta tathA jyotiSa

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43 ye chaha aMga mAne gaye haiN| purANa, nyAya, mImAMsA tathA dharmazAstra ye upAMga mAne gaye haiN| jaina paraMparA meM bhI bAraha upAMgoM kI taraha bAraha aMgoM kI bhI mAnyatA hai kintu prAcIna Agama graMthoM meM isa saMbaMdha meM ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| aMgoM kI racanA yA saMgraMtha gaNadharoM dvArA kI gaI aura upAMgoM kI racanA sthaviroM ne kii| viSaya Adi kI dRSTi se inakA koI vizeSa saMbaMdha pratIta nahIM hotaa| jaise aMgoM meM sAmAnyata: tattva aura AcAra kA varNana hai| upAMgoM meM bhI usI viSaya para bhinna bhinna rUpoM meM carcA kI gaI hai| AcArya zrI devendramunijI ne bArahavIM zatAbdi ke pUrva hue AcArya zrIcaMdra aura terahavI zatAbdI ke bAda ke aura caudahavI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM hue AcArya jinaprabha kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki- aMgabAhya ko upAMga ke svarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|84 1) aupapAtikasUtra yaha pahalA upAMga hai| upapAta kA artha janma yA utpatti hotA hai| isase aupapAtika zabda banA hai| isa Agama meM devoM tathA nArakoM meM janma lene kA athavA sAdhakoM dvArA siddhi prApta karane kA varNana hai| isalie yaha aupapAtika kahA jAtA hai| . gaNadhara gautamasvAmI ne jIva, ajIva, karma Adi ke saMbaMdha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna kiye| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttara diye| isa prakAra tattvajJAna saMbaMdhI, aneka viSaya isameM haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM jo jainettara saMpradAya pracalita the| una vAnaprasthI tApasoM, zramaNoM parivrAjakoM, AjIvikoM tathA ninhavoM kA bhI varNana prApta hotA hai| ___isameM nagara, rAjA Adi kA jo varNana hai vaha sAmAnya hai| dUsare AgamoM meM jahA~ bhI ye viSaya Ate haiM vahA~ prAya: aupapAtika sUtra meM Aye hue varNanoM se lene kA saMketa hai| 2) rAjapraznIyasUtra yaha dUsarA upAMga hai| isameM paradezI (pradezI) rAjA aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA ke muni kezIkumAra zramaNa ke prazrottara haiN| paradezI rAjA nAstika thaa| AtmA, svarga, naraka, puNya, pApa Adi meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA thaa| kezIkumAra zramaNa ne nyAya aura yuktipUrvaka tattva smjhaaye| paradezI rAjA ke vicAra meM parivartana AyA aura nAstika se Astika bana gye| isa sUtra meM kalA, zilpa Adi kA varNana hai| 72 kalAoM kA ullekha hai| kaMboja deza ke azva Adi kA varNana hai| AcArya malayagiri ne bArahavIM zatAbdI meM isa para TIkA kI racanA kii|

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. 44 3) jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra yaha tIsarA upAMga hai| isameM gaNadhara gautama aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke praznottaroM ke rUpa meM jIva evaM ajIva tattvoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA abhigama-vistRta vivecana hai| isa sUtra meM nau prakaraNa yA pratipAtiyA~ haiM jinameM 272 sUtra haiN| tRtIya prakaraNa sabase vistRta hai| usameM dvIpoM, sAgaroM kA varNana hai| ratna, astra, dhAtu madha, pAtra, AbhUSaNa, bhavana, miSTAnna, dAsa, parva janya tyauhAra, utsava, yAna Adi kA varNana . AcArya malayagirine isa para TIkAkI racanA kii| AcArya haribhadrasUri aura AcArya devasUri ne isa para laghuvRttiyoM kI racanA kii| 4) prajJApanAsUtra yaha cauthA upAMga hai| prajJApanA kA artha vizeSa rUpa meM jJApita karanA, jJAna karanA yA samajhAnA hai| isameM 349 sUtra haiN| jinameM prajJApanA, sthAna, lezyA, samudghAta Adi chattIsa padoM kA vivecana hai| gaNadhara gautama ne prazna kiye haiM aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttara diye haiN| aMga sUtroM meM jisa prakAra vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra sabase vizAla hai usI prakAra upAMga sUtroM meM prajJApanA sUtra sabase baDA haiN| isakI racanA vAcaka vaMzIya pUrvadhArI Arya zyAma ne kii| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ve sudharmA svAmI kI teisavIM pIDhI meM hue| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne isa viSama- kaDe padoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue pradeza vyAkhyA nAmaka laghu vRtti kI racanA kii| isake AdhAra para AcArya malayagiri ne TIkA likhii| isake pahale pada meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vRkSa, bIja, guccha, latA, tRNa, kamala, kaMda, mUla, magara, matsya, sarpa, pazu, pakSI Adi kA varNana hai| isameM Arya deza, jAti, Arya kula tathA zilpa Arya Adi kA ullekha hai| brAhmI, kharoSTI Adi lipiyoM kI bhI carcA hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM kaSAya aura usake prakAra kaSAya kI utpatti ke cAra-cAra kAraNa kaSAya ke bheda-prabheda 1) kaSAyoM se aSTa karma prakRtiyoM kI prarUpaNA, 2) mUla aura uttara prakRtiyoM ke bheda prabhedoM kI prarUpaNA, 3) ATha karma prakRtiyoM kA svarUpa, 4) kati sthAna karmabaMdha dvaar| 5) jambUdvIpaprajJapti yaha pA~cavA~ upAMga hai| yaha pUrvArdha uttarArdha ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| pUrvArdha meM cAra tathA uttarArdha meM tIna vakSaSkAra haiN| ve 176 sUtroM meM vibhakta haiN| pahale vakSaSkAra meM jaMbUdvIpa meM

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sthita bharatakSetra kA varNana hai| aneka parvata, guphAyeM, nadiyA~, durgama sthAna, aTavI Adi kA bhI varNana hai| dUsare vakSaSkAra meM utsarpiNI tathA avasarpiNI ke chaha chaha bhedoM kA vivecana haiN| suSamaduSamA nAmaka tIsare kAla meM paMdraha kulakara hue| unameM nAbhi kulakara kI marUdevI nAmaka patnI se Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA janma huaa| ve kozaladeza ke nivAsI the| prathama rAjA, prathama jina, prathama kevalI, prathama tIrthaMkara tathA prathama dharmavara cakravartI-dharma para caturgata cakravartI kahe jAte the| ___unhoMne kalAoM evaM zilpoM kA upadeza diyaa| tadanaMtara apane putroM ko rAjya sauMpakara unhoMne zramaNa dharma meM pravrajyA svIkAra kii| unhoMne apane tapomaya jIvana meM aneka upasarga kaSTa sahana kiye| purimatAla nAmaka nagara ke udyAna meM unheM kevalajJAna huaa| aSTApada parvata para unhoMne siddhi prApta kii| tIsare vakSaSkAra meM bharatacakravartI aura unakI digvijaya kA vistAra se varNana hai| aSTApada parvata para bharata cakravartI ko nirvANa prApta huaa| AcArya malayagiri ne isa para TIkA likhI, kiMtu vaha lupta ho gii| usake bAda isa para aura TIkAyeM likhI giiN| bAdazAha akabara ne jinako guru rUpa meM Adara diyaa| una AcArya harivijayasUri ke ziSya zAMticaMdra vAcaka ne vi. sa. 1650 meM isa sUtra para prameyaratnamaMjUSA nAmaka TIkA likhii| 7) sUryaprajJapti, caMdraprajJapti . . ye chaThe-sAtaveM upAMga haiN| yadyapi ye do graMtha mAne jAte haiM kintu inameM sArI sAmagrI eka jaisI hai| sUrya, caMdra, nakSatroM Adi kA isameM vistAra se varNana hai| sUrya prajJapti ke prAraMbha meM maMgalAcaraNa kI cAra gAthAyeM haiM caMdraprajJapti meM ve nahIM haiN| zeSa sAmagrI meM kucha bhI aMtara nahIM hai| aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki inameM se eka Agama lupta ho gyaa| upAMgoM kI saMkhyA pUrti kI dRSTi se do AgamoM kI mAnyatA pracalita huii| AcArya malayagiri ne isa para TIkAkI racanA kii| 8) nirayAvalikA-kalpikA ___isameM 1) nirayAvalikA, 2) kalpikA, 3) kalpAvataMsikA, 3) puSpikA, 4) puSpacUlikA tathA 5) vRSNidazA ina pA~ca aMgoM kA samAveza hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki pahale ye pA~coM eka hI sUtra ke rUpa meM mAne jAte the| kiMtu Age calakara bAraha aMgoM aura upAMgoM kA saMbaMdha joDane ke lie inheM pRthak pRthak ginA jAne lgaa|85 inameM Arya jaMbU ke prazna aura gaNadhara sudharmA ke uttara haiN|

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46 .. nirayAvalikA sUtra meM dasa adhyayana haiN| pahale adhyayana meM koNika-ajAtazatru kA janma, baDe hone para usake dvArA apane pitA zreNika ko kArAgRha meM DAlanA, svayaM rAjasiMhAsana para baiThanA, zreNika dvArA AtmahatyA, koNika aura vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke adhyakSa, ceTaka ke saMgrAma Adi kA varNana hai| 9) kalpAvataMsikA yaha aMtagaDadazAMga sUtra kA upAMga hai| kalpAvataMsikA meM dasa adhyayana haiN| isameM rAjA koNika ke dasa putroM kA varNana hai| jinhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kii| ugra saMyamArAdhanA dvArA aMtima samaya meM paMDitamaraNa dvArA devaloka meM gye| zreNika kaSAya ke kAraNa naraka meM jAte haiM, unake putra satkarma se devaloka meM jAte haiN| utthAna-patana kA AdhAra mAnava ke svayaM ke karmoM para hI nirbhara hai| mAnava sAdhanA se bhagavAna bana sakatA hai aura virAdhanA se naraka kA kIDA bhI bana sakatA hai| 10) puSpikA __isameM dasa adhyayana haiN| prathama aura dvitIya adhyayana meM caMdra aura sUrya kA varNana hai| tRtIya adhyayana meM somila brAhmaNa kA kathAnaka hai| isa brAhmaNa ne vAnaprastha tApasoM kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI thii| vaha dizAoM kI pUjA karatA thaa| tathA apanI bhujAyeM Upara uThAkara sUrya kI AtApanA letA thaa| cauthe adhyayana meM subhadrA nAmaka AryikA kA varNana hai| 11) puSpacUlikA yaha prazna vyAkaraNa kA upAMga hai| isa upAMga meM bhI zrIM, hIM, ghRti, kIrti, buddhi, lakSmI, ilA, surA, rasa aura gaMdha devI Adi dasa adhyayana haiN| isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA meM dIkSita zramaNiyoM kI carcA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke yuga kI sAdhviyoM kA varNana hai| 12) vRSNidazA isameM bAraha adhyayana haiN| pahale adhyayana meM dvArikAnagarI tathA kRSNa vAsudeva kA varNana hai| bAvIsave tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ariSThanemi saMbaMdhI vivecana bhI isameM hai| jaba bhagavAna ariSThanemi vicaraNa karate hue raivataka parvata para aaye| kRSNa-vAsudeva gajArUDha hokara dalabala sahita darzana hetu gye| vRSNivaMza-yAdavavaMza ke bAraha kumAroM ne bhagavAna ariSThanemi ke pAsa zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kii| cAra mUlasUtra : paricaya upAMga, cheda, mUla Adi aMgoM se saMbaMdha hai| mukhya rUpa se aMgoM meM jaina dharma ke siddhAMta,

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47 vrata, vidhAna, AcAra maryAdA Adi kA varNana hai| unhIM viSayoM kA upAMga Adi meM apanI apanI paddhati se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcAra yA mahAvratoM kA samyak paripAlana jaina dharma kA sabase mukhya AdhAra hai| AcAra hI pahalA dharma hai| AcAra dharma ke abhAva meM cAhe kitanA hI zAstrajJAna ho, pravacana kauzalya ho, unakA koI mahattva nahIM mAnA jaataa| sabase pahale mUla kI rakSA Avazyaka hai| mUla ke nAma se prasiddha sUtroM meM jaina dharma mUla rUpa AcAra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| eka sAdhu kA AcAra akhaMDita rahe, usameM jarA bhI skhalanA na Aye, isa ora ina sUtroM meM vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai| inakA adhyayana pratyeka sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie atyaMta Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| pahale AgamoM kA adhyayana AcArAMga se zuru hotA thA, paraMtu jaba se AcArya zayyaMbhava ne dazavaikAlika sUtra kI racanA kI taba se sarva prathama dazavaikAlika ke adhyayana karane kI paraMparA zuru huI aura usake bAda uttarAdhyayana Adi sikhAyA jAtA hai|86 1) dazavaikAlikasUtra yaha pahalA mUlasUtra hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki- kAla se nivRtta hokara arthAt dina ke apane sabhI kAryoM ko bhalIbhAMti saMpanna kara, vikAla meM saMdhyAkAla meM isakA adhyayana kiyA jAtA thA. isalie yaha dazavaikAlika kahA gayA hai| isakI racanA ke bAre meM jaina samAja meM eka kathAnaka pracalita hai| zayyaMbhava nAmaka eka brAhmaNa vidvAna the| jinhoMne kAlAMtara meM jaina zramaNa dIkSA svIkAra kii| unakA manaka nAmaka bAlaka putra bhI unake pAsa dIkSita ho gyaa| apane viziSTa jJAna dvArA zayyaMbhava ne yaha jAnA ki- bAlaka manaka kA AyuSya chaha mahine kA hai| use zruta kA bodha karAne hetu AgamoM ke sAra rUpa meM dazavaikAlika sUtra kI racanA kii| bAlaka ne usakA adhyayana kara AtmakalyANa kiyaa| isa sUtra meM dasa adhyayana haiN| aMta meM do cUlikAyeM haiN| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki- ina donoM cUlikAoM kI racanA AcArya zayyaMbhava ne nahIM kI ye bAda meM milAI gaI haiN| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa para niyukti kI racanA kii| agastyasiMha aura jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne cUrNi likhii| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne TIkA kI racanA kii| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM samyagdarzanAdi ratnatraya se AtmA ke pUrNa vikAsakrama kA varNana hai| tilakAcArya, sumatisUri tathA vinaya haMsAdi vidvAnoM ne isa para vRttiyA~ likhiiN| yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya aparAjitasUri ne jo vijayAcArya ke nAma se prasiddha the; isa para unhoMne vijayodayAnAmaka TIkA likhii|

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48 jarmana vidvAna vAlTara subiMga ne bhUmikA Adi sahita tathA prophesara lAyamena ne mUlasUtra aura niyukti ke jarmana anuvAda sahita ise prakAzita kiyaa| prAkRta ke suprasiddha vidvAna DaoN. pizela ne uttarAdhyayana aura dazavakAlika ko bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa batAyA hai| 2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra uttarAdhyayanasUtra yaha dUsarA mUlasUtra hai| uttara+adhyayana ina do zabdoM ke milane se uttarAdhyayana zabda banA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki- zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane aMtima cAturmAsa meM apane aMtima samaya meM upasthita janoM ko chattIsa viSayoM kA upadeza diyA, ve uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM saMgRhIta haiN| isakI racanA adhikAMzata: padmAtmaka zailI meM hai| zabda racanA itanI suMdara hai ki ise dhArmika kAvya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAMta Adi alaMkAroM kA sahaja rUpa meM prayoga huA hai| jisase varNita viSaya baDe sarasa aura preraka rUpa meM pragaTa hue haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM karma ke bheda-prabheda tathA zubha-azubha karmabaMdha kA varNana hai| karmoM kI vyAkhyA unake lakSaNa Adi aneka bAteM haiN| ___suprasiddha vidvAna DaoN. viMTaranitjha ne isakI gItA, dhammapada aura suttanipAta ke sAtha tulanA kI hai| isameM jaina dharma aura darzana ke saMkSepa meM sAra tattva saMkalita haiN| __ AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa para niyukti kI racanA kI, tathA jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne cUrNi likhii| A. lakSmIvallabha, jayakIrti, kamalasaMyama, bhAvavijaya, vinayahaMsa, harSakUla Adi aneka vidvAnoM ne isa para TIkAyeM likhii| suprasiddha jarmana vidvAna DaoN. harmana jekobI ne aMgrejI anuvAda sahita ise prakAzita kiyaa| 3) naMdIsUtra naMdIsUtra anya AgamoM ke sAtha arvAcIna hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki- isake racanAkAra devavAcaka the| unake guru kA nAma dUSya gaNi thaa| naMdI sUtra meM 90 padyAtmaka gAthAyeM haiM aura 69 sUtra haiN| prAraMbhika gAthAoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra, dharmasaMgha evaM zramaNa vRMda kA saMstavana kiyA gayA hai| jaina sthavirAvalI yA jaina AcArya paraMparA kA isameM kramAnubaddha varNana hai| prathama sUtra meM matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna kA ullekha hai| jJAna ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo zAstrAdhyAtAoM aura jijJAsuoM ke lie bahuta upayogI hai| samyak zruta ke antargata bAraha aMgoM kI carcA hai| yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki - ve sarvajJoM, sarvadarziyoM dvArA bhASita haiM / zruta ke bhedoM kI bhI kaI apekSAoM se carcA AyI hai| aMga

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praviSTa aura aMga bAhya ke rUpa meM unake do bheda batalAye gaye haiN| aMga praviSTa bhI Agama kahalAte haiM, jo gaNadhara dvArA saMkalita yA praNIta haiN| aMga bAhya una zAstroM yA graMthoM kA nAma hai jo sthavira munivRMda dvArA racita haiN| jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne isa para cUrNi tathA AcArya haribhadra evaM malayagiri ne TIkAoM kI racanA kI hai| 4) anuyogadvAra yaha sUtra AcArya Arya rakSita dvArA racA gayA, aisI mAnyatA hai| bhASA kA prayoga tathA viSayoM ke pratipAdana Adi kI apekSA se yaha sUtra kAphI arvAcIna pratIta hotA hai| praznottara kI zailI meM isameM naya, nikSepa, anugama, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, palyopama, sAgaropama evaM anaMta Adi kA varNana hai| isameM kAvyazAstra nirUpita nau rasa unake udAharaNa, saMgIta saMbaMdhI svara, unake lakSaNa, grAma evaM mUrcchanA Adi kA vivecana hai| isameM jainetara matavAdiyoM kI bhI carcA hai| vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhita dhAtu, samAsa, taddhita tathA niyukti-vyutpatti Adi kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna prakAra ke karmakaroM yA vyavasAyoM tathA zilpiyoM kI bhI carcA hai| ___ isa sUtra para jinadAsa mahattara ne cUrNikA kI racanA kI AcArya haribhadra tathA maladhArI hemacaMdra ne TIkAoM kI racanA kii| cAra chedasUtra : paricaya sabase pahale 'chedasUtra' isa zabda kA prayoga Avazyaka niyukti isameM milatA hai|87 isameM pahale ke koI bhI prAcIna sAhitya meM chedasUtra' nAma nahIM aayaa| isake bAda AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAkSamaNa inhoMne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM88 isI prakAra saMghadAsagaNine nizIthabhASya89 isa graMtha meM dhyeya sUtra kA ullekha kiyA hai|90 chedasUtra jaina AgamoM kA prAcInatama bhAga hai| ata: atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| ina sUtroM meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke prAyazcita ke vidhi vidhAnoM kA pratipAdana hai| yaha sUtra cAritra kI zuddhi sthira rakhane meM hetu bhUta haiN| isalie ise uttamazruta kahA jAtA hai| ina sUtroM meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra, vicAra saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA varNana hai| jinake niyamoM kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aura unake ziSyoM ne deza kAla kI sthitiyoM ke anusAra sAdhu saMgha ke lie nizcita-nirdhArita kiyA thaa| bauddha dharma ke tIna piTakoM meM pahale vinaya piTaka ke sAtha inakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai, bauddhadharma meM jaisA pahale saMketa kiyA gayA hai, vinaya zabda AcAra yA cAritra ke artha meM hai| vahA~ bhikSuoM ke niyamopaniyama varNita haiN|

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50 AcArya ke lie chedasUtroM kA gahana adhyayana batAyA gayA hai| inakA adhyayana binA AcArya yA upAdhyAya jaise mahattvapUrNa padoM kA koI adhikArI nahIM ho sakatA hai| chedasUtra saMkSipta zailI meM race gaye haiM / 1) vyavahArasUtra, 2) bRhatkalpasUtra, 3) nizItha sUtra, 4) dazAzrutaskaMdha - ye cAra cheda sUtra mAne jAte haiM / katipaya vidvAnoM ne nizIthasUtra, mahAnizItha, vyavahArasUtra, dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpasUtra (bRhatkalpa) tathA paMcakalpa - jItakalpa, ye chaha chedasUtra mAne haiN| 1) vyavahArasUtra vyavahArasUtra chedasUtroM meM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| ise bAraha aMgoM kA navanIta kahA gayA / isake racanAkAra AcArya bhadrabAhu the| unhoMne isa para niyukti kI racanA kI / vyavahAra sUtra para bhASya bhI prApta hotA hai, kiMtu usake racayitA kA nAma ajJAta hai / malayagiri ne bhASya . para vivaraNa likhA hai, isa para cUrNi bhI prApta hotI haiM, jo aprakAzita hai| isameM dasa uddezaka haiN| unameM sAdhu dvArA kI gaI bhUloM ke lie prAyazcitoM aura truTiyoM kA vidhAna hai| yadi koI sAdhu gaNa ko choDakara calA jAye aura phira vApasa calA Aye to use AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi ke samakSa AlocanA, niMdA, garhA Adi se apane ko vizuddha karanA caahie| yadi AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi na mile to grAma, nagara nigama, rAjadhAnI, Adi kI pUrva tathA uttara dizA meM apane mastaka para donoM hAthoM kI aMjali rakhe aura maiMne ye aparAdha kiye haiM, isa taraha apane aparAdhoM kA kathana karatA huA AlocanA kre| AcArya evaM upAdhyAya ke lie hemaMta tathA grISma RtuoM meM ekAkI vihAra karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| varSAkAla meM do sAdhuoM ke sAtha vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai| sthaviroM se binA pUMche apane pArivArikoM, saMbaMdhiyoM ke yahA~ sAdhuoM ke lie bhikSArtha jAne kA niSedha grAma Adi meM jisa sthala ko eka daravAjA ho, vahA~ alpazrutadhArI bahuta se sAdhuoM ke lie rahane kA niSedha hai| eka AcArya kI maryAdA meM rahanevAle sAdhu sAdhviyoM ko pITha pIche vyavahAra na karake pratyakSa meM milakara bhUla Adi batAkara Apasa meM bhojana Adi kA vyavahAra karanA cAhie aisA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra aura bhI vidhi vidhAnoM kA ullekha hai - jo prAyazci evaM AlocanA Adi se saMbaMdhita haiM / 2) bRhat kalpasUtra yaha kalpa athavA bRhatkalpa yA kalpAdhyayana bhI kahalAtA hai| jo paryuSaNa meM paDhe jAne kalpasUtra se bhinna hai| yaha jaina sAdhuoM kA prAcInatama AcAra zAstra hai| nizIthasUtra, vAle

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51 vyavahArasUtra aura bRhatkalpa kI bhASA kAphI prAcIna hai| isa sUtra meM kalpa-kalpa yogya yA kalpanIya, akalpa, akalpanIya sthAna, kapaDe, pAtra upakaraNa Adi kA isameM vivecana hai| isa kAraNa isakA nAma kalpa hai| isameM chaha uddezaka haiN| AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki pratyAkhyAna nAmaka navaveM pUrva kI AcAra nAmaka tRtIya vastu ke bIsaveM prAbhRta meM prAyazcita kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| kAlakrama se pUrvo kA paThana-pAThana baMda ho gayA, jisase prAyazcittoM kA uccheda ho gayA, ata: AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ne bRhat kalpasUtra aura vyavahAra sUtra kI racanA kii| tathA ina donoM chedasUtroM para niyukti likhii| bRhat kalpa para saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ne laghu bhASya kI racanA kii| bhASya para malayagiri ne vivaraNa likhA, jo apUrNa rhaa| jise lagabhaga savvA do sau varSa pazcAt saMvat 1332 meM kSema kIrtI sUri ne pUrNa kiyaa| isameM kalpanIya evaM akalpanIya vastuoM ke grahaNa karane kA aura na karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko kisa prakAra bolanA caahie| bhojana, pAna Adi ke saMbaMdhita kriyA, maryAdA, niyama Adi viSayoM kA samIcIna rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai|91 Agama gRha sArvajanika sthAna, khule hue ghara, ghara ke bAhara kA cabUtarA, vRkSamUla Adi ke sthAnoM meM sAdhviyoM ko rahane kA niSedha hai| isa prakAra cAritra pAlana meM upayogI niyamoM kA varNana hai| 3) nizIthasUtra chedasUtroM meM nizItha sUtra sabase bar3A hai| jisakA sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| ise AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI pAMcavI cUlA mAnakara AcArAMga kA hI eka bhAga mAnA jAtA hai| ise nizItha cUlA adhyayana mAnA jAtA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma AcAra kalpa hai| nizItha kA artha ardharAtri yA aprakAza kahA gayA hai, jaise rahasyamaya vidyA, maMtra evaM yoga ko prakaTa nahIM karanA cAhie, isI prakAra nizItha sUtra ko ardharAtri ke tulya aprakAzya yA gopanIya rakhanA cAhie, kyoMki isameM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko unake jIvana se saMbaMdhita honevAlI bhUloM kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai, unhIM ko jAnanA cAhie tathA apanI AtmA kA pariSkAra karanA caahie| ___ yadi koI sAdhu kadAcit nizIthasUtra ko bhUla jAye to vaha AcArya pada kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| isa sUtra meM sAdhuoM ke AcArasaMbaMdhI utsargavidhi aura apavAda vidhi kA tathA prAyazcita Adi kA sUkSma vivecana hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki - nauveM pratyAkhyAna nAmaka pUrva ke AdhAra para isa sUtra kI racanA huii|

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52 isa sUtra ke 20 uddezaka haiN| pratyeka uddezaka meM aneka sUtra haiN| sUtroM para niyukti hai, sUtroM aura niyukti para saMghadAsagaNi kA bhASya hai| sUtra, niyukti aura bhASya para jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne cUrNi kI racanA kii| 4) dazAzrutaskaMdhasUtra ___ yaha cauthA chedasUtra haiN| isako AcAradazA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake racayitA AcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| isa para niyukti prApta hotI hai| jaise batalAyA gayA hai- jaina paraMparA meM bhadrabAhu nAmaka ekAdhika aneka AcArya hue haiN| vidvAnoM kA aisA maMtavya hai ki- jina bhadrabAhu ne chedasUtroM kI racanA kii| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu inase bhinna haiN| dazAzrutaskaMdha para cUrNi kI bhI racanA huii| brahmarSI pArzvacaMdrIya ne vRtti yA TIkA kI racanA kii| isa graMtha meM dasa vibhAga haiN| AThaveM aura dazaveM vibhAga ko adhyayana kahA gayA hai aura bAkI ke vibhAgoM ko dazA kahA gayA hai| inameM asamAdhi ke sthAnoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| anAcaraNa, rAtribhojana, rAjapiMDagrahaNa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| unameM aura do sau prAyazcitoM kA varNana hai| ATha prakAra kI gaNi saMpadAoM yA gaNAdhipati AcArya ke vyaktitva kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaise AcAra saMpadA, zrutasaMpadA, zarIrasaMpadA, vacanasaMpadA, vAcanA saMpadA, matisaMpadA, prayoga matisaMpadA tathA saMgraha sNpdaa|92 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna tathA mokSa kA varNana vistAra se hai| eka prasaMga meM mahAmohanIya karmabaMdha ke tIsa sthAnoM kA pratipAdana haiN| isa prakAra sAdhu jIvana meM AzaMkita doSa, unakA nirAkaraNa, unakI AlocanA prAyazcita ityAdi ke sAtha sAtha jaina AcAra vidyAoM aura maryAdAoM kA vibhinna prasaMgoM meM baDA vizada vivecana huA hai| AvazyakasUtra . Avazyaka zabda avasya se banA hai| jahA~ kisI kArya ko kiye binA rahanA ucita nahIM mAnA jaataa| kisI bhI sthiti meM TAlA nahIM jaataa| use avazya kiyA jAtA hai| AvazyakasUtra meM sAdhuoM ko karaNIya chaha Avazyaka kriyA/anuSThAnoM yA nitya karmoM kA vivecana hai| sAmAyika, caturvizaMtistava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, kAryotsarga evaM pratyAkhyAna ye chaha Avazyaka, avazya karaNIya anuSThAna haiN| AcArya haribhadra ne isa para niyukti kA praNayana (racanA) kI hai| isa para AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa gaNi ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI racanA kI, jo tattva evaM AcAra viSayaka siddhAMtoM ke nirUpaNa kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya meM bahuta hI prasiddha hai|

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53 jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne isa para cUrNi kI racanA kii| AcArya haribhadra sUri ne adhyayanazIla jijJAsu muniyoM ko uddiSTa kara TIkA kA sarjana kiyaa| TIkA kA nAma ziSyahitA hai, arthAt vaha paDhanevAle ziSyoM yA vidyArthiyoM ke lie bahuta lAbhaprada hai| isa TIkA meM racanAkAra ne chaha AvazyakoM kA paiMtIsa adhyayanoM meM vivecana kiyA hai| varNya viSayoM kA hRdayaMgama karAne hetu TIkAkAra ne prAkRta evaM saMskRta kI aneka prAcIna kathAoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne bhI isa para TIkA kI racanA kii| AcArya mANikyazekhara sUri ne isakI niyukti para dIpikA likhii| tilakAcArya ne bhI isa para laghuvRtti yAne saMkSipta TIkA kI racanA kii| isa para itane AcAryoM dvArA TIkAoM kI racanA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa sUtra kA sAdhakoM ke jIvana meM atyaMta mahatva mAnA jA rahA haiN| AgamoM kA yaha saMkSepa meM paricaya hai| prakIrNaka Agama sAhitya ___ zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya meM paiMtAlIsa Agama svIkRta haiN| zvetAMbara sthAnakavAsI . evaM terApaMthI saMpradAya dvArA pUrva meM vivecita gyAraha aMga, bAraha upAMga, cAra cheda, cAra mUla aura eka aavshyk| aise battIsa Agama prAmANika rUpa se svIkAra kiye jAte haiN| inhIM battIsa AgamoM ko mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya bhI mAnate haiM kiMtu ve mUlasUtra meM piMDaniyukti- jisakA dUsarA nAma oghaniyukti, chedasUtra meM mahAnizItha, paMcakalpa aura dasa prakIrNaka aise teraha Agama aura adhika mAnate haiN| ___naMdIsUtra ke TIkAkAra AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa zruta kA anusaraNa karake zramaNa prakIrNakoM kI racanA karate haiN| prakIrNaka kA Azaya idhara udhara bikharI huI sAmagrI yA vividha viSayoM ke saMgraha se hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM 14000 prakIrNaka mAne jAte the kiMtu vartamAna meM isakI saMkhyA dasa haiN| ve isa prakAra hai 1) catuHzaraNa, 2) Atura pratyAkhyAna, 3) mahA-pratyAkhyAna, 4) bhaktaparijJA, 5) taMdulavaicArika, 6) saMstAraka, 7) gacchAcAra, 8) gaNividyA, 9) devendrastava, 10) maraNasamAdhi anyatra vIrattho nAma bhI hai| kiMtu ina nAmoM meM bhI ekarUpatA dikhAI nahIM detI hai| kahIM graMthoM meM maraNasamAdhi aura gacchAcAra ke sthAna para candravedhyaka aura vIrastava ko ginA hai to, kinhI graMthoM meM devendra stava

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54 aura vIrastava ko sammilita kara liyA gayA hai kiMtu sastAraka kI parigaNanA na kara usake sthAna para kahIM gacchAcAra aura kahIM maraNasamAdhi kA ullekha karate haiN|93 jaina pAribhASika dRSTi se prakIrNaka una graMthoM ko kahA jAtA hai jo tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSya ubuddhacetA zramaNoM dvArA AdhyAtma saMbaMdha vividha viSayoM para race gaye haiN| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki jina-jina tIrthaMkaroM ko autpAtikI, vaineyikI, kArmikI tathA pAriNAmikI ina cAra prakAra kI buddhi se yukta jitane bhI ziSya hote haiM, unake bhI utane bhI prakIrNaka graMtha hote haiN| pratyeka buddha pravrajyA denevAle kI dRSTi se kisI ke ziSya nahIM hote para tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa dharmazAsana kI prarUpaNA karane kI apekSA se athavA unake zAsana ke antaHvartI hone se ve aupacArikatA se tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSya kahe jAte haiM ata: pratyeka buddhoM dvArA prakIrNaka kI racanA karanA yukti saMgata hai| vartamAna ke mAnya dasa prakIrNakoM meM se eka-eka kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ para kiyA jA rahA hai| 1) causaraNa (catuHzaraNa) prakIrNaka . jaina paraMparA meM arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu aura sarvajJa prarUpita dharma ko zaraNabhUta mAnA jAtA hai| inhIM cAra zaraNa ke AdhAra para isa prakIrNaka kA nAma catuHzaraNa rakhA gyaa|94 isa prakIrNaka ke AraMbha meM SaDAvazyaka para prakAza DAlA gayA hai usameM likhA hai| 1) sAmAyika Avazyaka se cAritra kI zuddhi hotI hai| 2) caturvizaMti jinastavana se darzana kI vizuddhi hotI hai| 3) vaMdanA se jJAna meM nirmalatA AtI hai| 4) pratikramaNa se jJAna Adi ratnatraya kI vizuddhi hotI hai| 5) kAyotsarga se tapa kI zuddhi hotI hai aura pratikramaNa se cAritra kI zuddhi na huI ho usakI zuddhi kAyotsarga se hotI hai| 6) paccakkhANa se vIrya kI vizuddhi hotI hai| - tadantara tIrthaMkara kI mAtA svapna dekhatI haiM usakA ullekha karake mahAvIrasvAmI ko vaMdana karake cAra zaraNa sthAnoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai jisameM arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu aura dharma kI mahattA batAkara, usakA guNa kIrtana kara, pUrva kiye pApoM kI niMdA aura sukRtya kA anumodana kiyA hai|

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55 2) AurapaccakkhANa (AturapratyAkhyAna) prakIrNaka yaha prakIrNaka maraNa se saMbaMdhita hai, isake kAraNa ise antakAla prakIrNaka bhI kahA gayA hai| isameM bAlamaraNa aura paMDitamaraNa kA vivecana hai, jisakI sthiti prAya: Atura avasthA meM banatI hai| 'Atura' zabda sAmAnyata: roga grasta vAcI hai, saMbhava hai isI kAraNa isa prakIrNaka kA nAma AturapratyAkhyAna rakhA hai|95 AurapaccakkhANa paiNNaya meM yahI kahA hai|96 isameM likhA hai ki jo mRtyu ke samaya dhIra banakara aura Akula vyAkula na banakara, pratyAkhyAna karate haiM, ve marakara uttama sthAna ko prApta karate haiN|97 uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI yahI kahA hai|98 isameM pratyAkhyAna ko zAzvata gati kA sAdhana batAyA gayA hai| 3) mahApaccakkhANa (mahApratyAkhyAna) prakIrNaka . isa prakIrNaka meM pApa aura duScaritra kI niMdA karate hue unake pratyAkhyAna para bala diyA hai| tyAga yA pratyAkhyAna ko jIvana ko yathArtha saphalatA kA paripoSaka mAnA gayA hai| isa AdhArazilA para dharmAcaraNa TIkA hai| tyAga ke mahAna Adarza kI upAdeyatA kA isameM vizeSa rUpa se ullekha hone se isakA nAma mahApratyAkhyAna rakhA ho aisA pratIta hotA hai| paudgalika bhogoM kA moha vyakti ko saMyamita jIvana nahIM apanAne detaa| paudgalika bhogoM se prANI kabhI tRpta nahIM hotA kiMtu saMsAra vRddhi hotI hai, isa viSaya kA vizleSaNa isameM kiyA hai tathA mAyA varjana, titikSA evaM vairAgya ke hetu paMca mahAvrata, ArAdhanA Adi viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| .4) bhattapariNNA (bhaktaparijJA) prakIrNaka jaina dharma meM bhattaparijJA anazanapUrvaka maraNa ke bheda meM se eka hai| AturapratyAkhyAna meM rugNAvasthA meM sAdhaka AmaraNa anazana svIkAra kara paMDita maraNa prApta karatA hai| bhakta parijJA kI sthiti usase thoDI bhinna hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| isameM daihika asvasthatA kI sthitikA vizeSa saMbaMdha nahIM hai| sadsad vivekapUrvaka sAdhaka AmaraNa anazana dvArA deha tyAga karatA hai| prastuta prakIrNaka meM anyAnya viSayoM ke sAtha sAtha bhaktaparijJA kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana hai, isalie isa prakIrNaka kA nAma bhatta-parijJA rakhA gayA hai| isameM iMgita aura pAdopagamana maraNa kA bhI vivecana hai, jo bhaktaparijJA kI taraha vivekapUrvaka azana-tyAga dvArA prApta kiye jAne vAle maraNa ke bheda haiN| isa koTi ke paMDitamaraNa ke ye tIna bheda mAne gaye haiN| darzana vizuddhi ko bhI isameM bahuta mahattvapUrNa batAyA gayA hai| sAdhanA kI sthiratA ke lie manonigraha kI AvazyakatA kA bhI vivecana hai|

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56 5) taMdulaveyAliya (tandulavaicArika) prakIrNaka . taMdula kA artha cAvala hotA hai, prastuta prakIrNaka meM eka dina meM eka sau varSa kA puruSa jitane tandula khAtA hai, unakI saMkhyA ko upalakSita kara yaha nAma karaNa huA hai| isameM jIvoM kA garbha meM AhAra, svarUpa, zvAsocchvAsa kA parimANa, roma-kapha, pitta, rudhira, zukra Adi kA vivecana hai| sAtha-sAtha garbha kA samaya, mAtA-pitA ke aMga, jIva kI bAlakrIDA Adi dasa dazAe~ tathA dharma ke adhyavasAya Adi aura bhI aneka saMbaMdhita viSayoM kA varNana hai| isa prakIrNaka meM nArI kA hIna rekhA citra bhI aMkita kiyA hai| aneka vicitra vyutpattiyoM dvArA nArI kA kutsita aura bIbhatsa padArthoM ke rUpa ke citrita karane kA abhiprAya yahI rahA ho ki- mAnava, kAma aura kAminI se bhayAkrAMta ho jAye jisase usakA usa ora kA AkarSaNa hI miTa jaaye| isameM jo upamAe~ striyoM ke lie dI gaI haiM ki strI ke lie puruSa bhI usI prakAra heya haiN| aMta meM kahA hai janma, jarA, maraNa evaM vedanAoM se bharA huA yaha zarIra hai; ata: isake dvArA aisA kArya karanA cAhie jisase saMpUrNa duHkhoM se mukti prApta ho| 6) saMthAraga (saMstAraka) prakIrNaka __ jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM saMthArA-saMstAraka kA atyadhika mahattva hai| jIvana bhara meM jo bhI zreSTha tathA kaniSTha kRtya kiye hoM usakA lekhA-jokhA hotA hai aura aMtima samaya meM samasta duSTa pravRttiyoM kA parityAga karanA, mana, vANI aura zarIra ko saMyama meM rakhanA, mamatA se mana ko haTAkara samatA meM ramaNa karanA, AtmaciMtana karanA, AhAra Adi samasta upAdhiyoM kA parityAga kara AtmA ko nirdvada aura nispRha banAnA, yahI saMstAraka yAni saMthAre kA Adarza hai| mRtyu se bhayabhIta hokara usase bacane ke lie pApakArI pravRttiyA~ karanA, rote aura bilakhate rahanA ucita nahIM hai| jaina dharma kA yaha pavitra Adarza hai jaba taka jIo taba taka AnaMda pUrvaka jIo aura jaba mRtyu A jAye to vivekapUrvaka AnaMda ke sAtha mro| saMyama sAdhanA, tapa kI ArAdhanA karate hue adhika se adhika jIne kA prayAsa karo aura jaba jIvana kI lAlasA meM dharma se cyuta honA paDe aisA ho to dharma va saMyama sAdhanA meM dRDha rahakara samAdhi maraNa hetu ha~sate, muskurAte hue taiyAra ho jaao| mRtyu ko kisI bhI taraha se TAlA to nahIM jA sakatA, kiMtu saMthAre kI sAdhanA se mRtyu ko saphala banAyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakIrNaka meM saMstAraka kI prazastatA kA baDe suMdara zabdoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai, jinhoMne saMstAraka para AsIna hokara paMDitamaraNa prApta kiyA hai, unakA kathana isameM kiyA gayA hai| jo deha tyAga karanA cAhate haiM ve bhUmi para darbha Adi se saMstAraka arthAt bichaunA taiyAra karake usake para leTate haiN| usa bichAne para sthita hote hue sAdhaka sAdhanA dvArA saMsAra sAgara se

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57 pAra ho jAte haiN| saMthAre meM sAdhaka sabhI se kSamA yAcanA kara karma kSaya karatA hai aura tIna bhava meM mokSa prApta karatA hai| 7) gacchAyAra (gacchAcAra ) prakIrNaka isameM gaccha arthAt samUha meM rahane vAle zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| yaha prakIrNaka mahAnizItha, bRhatkalpa va vyavahAra sUtroM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| asadAcArI zramaNa gaccha meM rahatA hai to vaha saMsAra paribhramaNa ko baDhAtA hai kiMtu sadAcArI zramaNa gaccha meM rahatA hai to dharmAnuSThAna kI pravRtti dina dUnI rAta caugunI baDhAtA hai| jo AdhyAtmika sAdhana meM utkarSa karanA cAhate haiM, unheM jIvanaparyaMta gaccha meM hI rahanA cAhie kyoMki gaccha meM rahane se sAdhanA meM bAdhA nahIM ho sakatI hai| isameM gaccha gaccha ke sAdhu, sAdhvI, AcArya una sabake pAraspArika vyavahAra, niyama Adi kA vizada varNana hai / brahmacarya pAlana meM sadA jAgaruka rahane kI ora zramaNavRMda ko prerita kiyA gayA hai| viSaya ko adhika, spaSTa karate hue ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki dRDha cetA sthavira ke cita meM sthiratA dRDhatA hotI hai para, jisa prakAra dhRta agni ke samIpa rahane para dravita ho jAtA hai usI prakAra sthavira ke saMsarga se sAdhvI kA citta dravita ho jAye aisI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai| caMdavijaya (caMdavijjhaya) yaha gacchAcAra kA dUsarA bhAga hai| jisameM vinaya, AcAryaguNa, ziSyaguNa, vinayanigrahaguNa Adi sAta viSayoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai / 8) gaNivijjA (gaNividyA) prakIrNaka yaha jyotiSa kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| gaNi zabda gaNa ke adhipati yA AcArya ke artha meM hai| saMskRta meM bhI gaNi zabda isI artha meM hai kiMtu isa prakIrNaka ke nAma ke pUrvArddha meM jo gaNi zabda hai, vaha gaNa nAyaka ke artha meM nahIM hai| gaNi zabda kI eka anya niSpati bhI hai| gaN dhAtU ke 'in' pratyaya lagAkara gaNanA ke artha meM gaNi zabda banAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ usI abhipreta hai, kyoMki prastuta prakIrNaka meM gaNanA saMbaMdhI viSaya varNita haiN| isameM dina, tithi, nakSatra, karaNa, graha, divasa, muhUrta, zakuna, bala, lagnabala, nimittabala Adi jyotiSa saMbaMdhI viSayoM kA vivecana hai / 9) deviMdathao (devendrastava ) prakIrNaka isameM battIsa devendroM kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| graMtha ke prAraMbha meM koI zrAvaka bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI taka kI stuti kara hue kahatA hai ki tIrthaMkara battIsa indroM ke dvArA pUjita haiN| zrAvaka kI patnI yaha sunakara

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58 jijJAsA prastuta karatI hai ki, 'battIsa indra kauna kauna se haiM? kaise haiM? kahA~ rahate haiM? kisakI sthiti kitanI hai, bhavana yAne ki vimAna aura parigraha kitanA hai? nagara kitane haiM? vahA~ ke pRthvI kI laMbAI-cauDAI kitanI hai? una vimAnoM kA raMga kaisA hai? AhAra kA kAla kitanA hai? zvAsocchvAsa kaisA hai? avadhijJAna kA kSetra kitanA hai Adi mujhe btaao'| zrAvaka usakA samAdhAna karate hue devatAoM Adi kA jo varNana karatA hai yahI isa prakIrNaka kA mukhya viSaya hai| isameM battIsa indroM para prakAza DAlane kI bAta kahI hai, kintu usase adhika indroM ke saMbaMdha meM carcA kI gaI hai| 10) vIratthao (vIrastuti) prakIrNaka ___isa prakIrNaka ke sthAna para DaoN. muni nAgarAjajI tathA AcArya devendra munijI mahArAja ne maraNasamAdhi prakIrNaka kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisakA vivecana Age kiyA jaayegaa| Agama dIpa prakAzana dvArA prakAzita 45 Agama kI gurjara chAyA meM vIratthao prakIrNaka liyA gayA hai| usameM 43 gAthAe~ haiN| prAraMbha meM vIra jinendra ko namaskAra kara, unake prakaTa nAmoM se unakI stuti kI gaI hai| jisameM aru, arahaMta, deva, jina, vIra Adi aneka nAma diye haiM aura 'una nAmoM kI vyAkhyA dI hai| . aMta meM likhA hai ki zrI vIra jinendra kI isa nAmAvalI dvArA mere jaise maMdapuNya ne stuti kI hai, he jinavara ! mujhapara kRpA karake mujhe pavitra zivapatha meM sthira kro| ___ isa prakAra dasa prakIrNakoM ke bAda chaha cheda sUtroM kA vivecana kiyA hai, jisameM se nizItha sUtra, bRhatkalpa, vyavahArasUtra aura dazAzrutaskaMdha kA to vivecana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya meM jIyakappo aura mahAnisIha ina do ko bhI chedasUtra meM samAhita kiyA hai| jisakA varNana Age diyA jaaegaa| pahale maraNasamAdhi prakIrNaka kA diyA jA rahA hai| maraNasamAhI (maraNasamAdhi) . isakA dUsarA nAma maraNavibhakti hai| yaha sabase bar3A prakIrNaka hai 1) maraNavibhakti, 2) maraNavizodhi, 3) maraNasamAdhi, 4) saMlekhanAzruta, 5) bhattaparijJA, 6) Atura-pratyAkhyAna, 7) mahApratyAkhyAna, 8) aaraadhnaa| ina ATha prAcIna zruta graMthoM ke AdhAra para prastuta prakIrNaka kI racanA huI hai| ziSya ne AcArya se jijJAsA prastuta kI ki bhagavAna samAdhimaraNa kisa prakAra prApta hotA hai? AcArya ne samAdhAna karane hetu AlocanA, saMlekhanA, kSamApanA Adi caudaha dvAroM kA vivecana kiyA

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59 hai| pariSaha sahana karake pAdapopagamana saMthArA karake siddha gati prApta karane vAloM ke dRSTAMta bhI diye haiM, aMta meM anitya, azaraNa Adi bAraha bhAvanAoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai aura bhI aneka prakIrNakoM kI racanAe~ huI haiM kintu ve prApta nahIM haiN| mahAnizItha (chedasUtra) mahAnizItha pUrNa rUpa se yathAvat nahIM raha sakA hai| isameM chaha adhyayana tathA do cUlAe~ haiN| prathama adhyayana kA nAma zalyoddharaNa hai| isameM pAparUpI zalya kI niMdA aura AlocanA ke saMdarbha meM aThAraha pApa sthAnakoM kI carcA hai| ___ dvitIya adhyayana meM karmoM ke vipAka tathA pApa karmoM kI AlocanA kI vidheyatA kA varNana hai| tRtIya aura caturtha adhyayana meM kutsita zIla yA AcaraNa vAle sAdhuoM kA saMsarga na kiyA jAne ke saMbaMdha meM upadeza hai| paMcama adhyayana meM guru-ziSya ke pAraspArika saMbaMdha kA vivecana hai, usa prasaMga meM gaccha kA bhI varNana hai| SaSTha adhyayana meM AlocanA ke dasa bhedoM kA tathA prAyazcita ke cAra bhedoM kA varNana hai| isa sUtra kI bhASA tathA viSayavastu ko dekhate hue yaha racanA arvAcIna ho aisA lagatA hai| jIyakappasutta (jItakalpasUtra) ___ isake racayitA suprasiddha bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa mAne jAte haiN| isa sUtra meM jaina zramaNoM ke AcAra ke saMbaMdha meM prAyazcita kA vidhAna hai| prAyazcita kA mahattva Atma zuddhi yA aMta:pariSkAra kI upAdeyatA ina viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| __ prAyazcitta do zabdoM ke yoga se banatA hai| prAyaH kA artha hai pApa aura citta kA artha hai usa pApa kA vizodhana krnaa| 'prAyaH nAma tapaH proktaM cittaM nizcaya uccate, tapo nizcaya saMyogAt prAyazcitamitIryate'99 arthAt pApa ko zuddha karane kI kriyA kA nAma prAyazcitta hai| isameM prAyazcitta ke dasa bhedoM kA vivecana hai 1) AlocanA, 2) pratikramaNa, 3) mizra- AlocanA pratikramaNa donoM, ___4) viveka , 5) vyutsarga, 6) tapa, 7) cheda, 8 mUla anavasthAyya 10 paaraaNcik| piMDanijjutti, ohanijjutti piNDaniyukti, oghaniyukti- piNDa zabda jaina pAribhASika dRSTi se bhojanavAcI hai| prastuta graMtha meM AhAra, eSaNIyatA, aneSaNIyatA Adi ke saMdarbha meM udgama Adi doSa tathA zramaNa jIvana ke AhAra, bhikSA Adi pahaluoM para vizada vivecana kiyA hai|

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60 dazavaikAlika ke paMcama adhyayana kA nAma piNDaiSaNA hai| isa adhyayana para AcArya bhadrabAhu kI niyukti bahuta vistRta ho gaI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ise piNDa-niyukti ke nAma se eka svataMtra Agama ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA hai| oghaniyukti ogha kA artha hai pravAha, sAtatya, paraMparA prApta upadeza hai| jisa prakAra piNDaniyukti meM sAdhuoM ke AhAra viSayaka pahaluoM kA vivecana hai usI prakAra isameM sAdhu jIvana se saMbaMdha AcAra vyavahAra ke viSayoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai| piNDaniyukti dazavaikAlika niyukti kA jisa prakAra aMza mAnA jAtA hai| usI prakAra ise Avazyaka niyukti kA eka aMza svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| jisake racayitA AcArya bhadrAbAhu haiN| oghaniyukti pratilekhanA dvAra, AlocanA dvAra tathA vizuddhi dvAra meM vibhakta hai| prakaraNoM ke nAmoM se spaSTa hai ki sAdhu jIvana caryA kA isameM samAveza hai|100 bhagavatI ArAdhanA'01 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| piNDaniyukti aura oghaniyukti ina donoM hI niyuktiyoM ko paiMtAlIsa AgamoM meM kyoM liyA ho yaha prazna hai aura donoM alaga-alaga Agama aMzoM kI niyuktiyA~ hote hue bhI donoM kA nAma sAtha meM diyA hai| isakA kAraNa bhI vicAraNIya hai| vAstava meM donoM ke viSaya sAdhu jIvana saMbaMdhI haiM isalie nAma sAtha meM diyA ho aisA ho sakatA hai, kiMtu niyuktiyA~ to aura bhI haiM paraMtu unakA Agama meM samAveza nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, yadi inako na liyA jAye to paiMtAlIsa kI saMkhyA nahIM hogI aura donoM ko alaga-alaga liyA jAye to chiyAlIsa ho jAyegeM isalie donoM kA sAtha meM vivecana kiyA ho aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha vicAraNIya hai| isa prakAra zvetAMbara, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paraMparA dvArA mAnya battIsa Agama aura ina battIsa meM zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka dvArA mAnya aura teraha Agama milAne se kula paiMtAlIsa AgamoM kI viSayavastu yahA~ saMkSepa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| AgamoM ke AdhAra para jaina siddhAMta kI maMjila khaDI hai| isalie yahA~ para AgamoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| AgamoM para vyAkhyA sAhitya ... AgamoM kI vyAkhyA aura vizleSaNa meM vidvAnoM ne bhinna-bhinna vidhAoM meM sAhitya kI racanA kii| isakA eka hI lakSya thA ki Agamagata tattvoM kA vizada rUpa meM vivecana kiyA jAye tAki adhyayana karane vAle, jijJAsu jana AgamoM kA sAra AtmasAta karane meM, sakSama ho sake, kyoMki AgamoM para hI jaina saMskRti, dharma, darzana aura saMgha kA prAsAda avasthita hai|

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61 AgamoM para niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, TIkA, vRtti, dIpikA, TabbA Adi ke nAma se vizAla sAhitya kI racanA huI hai| niyukti vyAkhyAmUlaka sAhitya meM niyukti kA sthAna sarvopari hai| sUtra meM jo artha nizcita kiyA huA hai, jisameM vaha sannibaddha ho, use niyukti kahA gayA hai| AgamoM para AryA chaMda meM jise gAthA kahA jAtA hai, vaha prAkRta bhASA meM upalabdha hai| viSaya ko bhalibhA~ti pratipAdita karane hetu aneka kathAnakoM, udAharaNoM tathA dRSTAMtoM kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai, jinakA ullekhamAtra niyuktiyoM meM milatA hai| isalie yaha sAhitya itanA sAMketika aura saMkSepa meM hai ki binA vyAkhyA yA vivecana ko bhalibhA~ti samajhA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha kAraNa hai kiTIkAkAroM ne mUla Agama ke sAtha-sAtha niyuktiyoM para bhI TIkAyeM racI haiN| . aisA jAna paDatA hai ki- prAcIna guru paraMparA se prApta pUrva sAhitya ke AdhAra para ho niyukti sAhitya kI racanA kI gaI hogii| yaha saMkSipta aura padyabaddha hone se ise saralatA se kaMThastha kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA dharmopadeza ke samaya ise kathA Adi ke uddharaNa diye jA. sakate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra, sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, sUryaprajJapti, vyavahAra sUtra, dazAzrutaskaMdha, uttarAdhyayana sUtra, dazavaikAlika sUtra aura Avazyaka sUtra Adi para niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI gii| paraMparA se inake racanAkAra AcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| jo saMbhavata: chedasUtroM ke racayitA, aMtima zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu se bhinna haiN| ___ niyuktiyoM meM jaina siddhAMta ke tattva, paraMparAgata AcAra, vicAra, aneka aitihAsika tathA paurANika paraMparAyeM Adi kA varNana hai| niyuktiyoM meM prAya: ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA prayoga huA hai| bhASya vidvAnoM ko niyuktiyoM dvArA kI gaI vyAkhyA saMbhavata: paryApta na lagI ho| ata: unhoMne bhASyoM ke rUpa meM naye vyAkhyA-graMtha likhe| sUtrArtho varNyate yatra padaiH suutraanusaaribhiH| svapadAni ca varNyante bhASyaM bhASyavido vidu|| . sUtra ke padoM ke anusAra jahA~ sUtra ke padoM kA artha kA vivecana hotA hai aura usake sAtha sva-anukUla racanA karate haiM use bhASya ke jAnakAra bhASya kahate haiN| zizupAlavadha meM mahAkavi mAgha ne eka sthAna para bhASya kA vivecana karate hue likhA hai- saMkSipta kiMtu artha garimA yA

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62 gaMbhIratA se yukta vAkya kA suvistRta zabdoM meM vizleSaNa karanA bhASya hai|102 __vidvAnoM ne bhASya kI eka anya prakAra se bhI vyAkhyA kI hai- 'jahA~ sUtra kA artha, usakA anusaraNa karane vAle zabdoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, athavA apane zabdoM dvArA usakA vizeSarUpa meM varNana kiyA jAtA hai, use bhASya kahA jAtA hai| niyukti kI taraha bhASyoM kI racanA bhI prAkRta gAthAoM meM saMkSipta zailI meM huI hai| unameM bhI mukhya rUpa se ardhamAgadhI kA prayoga huA hai| kucha sthAnoM para mAgadhI aura zaurasenI kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai| bhASyoM kI racanA kA samaya sAmAnyata: lagabhaga cauthI pA~cavI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| . bhASya sAhitya meM vizeSata: nizIthabhASya, vyavahArabhASya tathA bRhatkalpabhASya kA sthAna atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai| bhASya meM aneka prAcIna anustutiyA~- sunI huI bAteM, laukika kathAyeM tathA sAdhuoM ke paraMparAgata prAcIna AcAra, vicAra Adi kI vidhiyoM kA vivecana hai| jaina sAdhu saMgha ke prAcIna itihAsa ko bhalibhA~ti jAnane ke lie bhASyoM kA adhyayana atyaMta Avazyaka hai| saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha bhASyoM kI racanA kI, aisA prasiddha hai| ye AcArya haribhadrasUri ke samakAlIna the| cUrNi niyuktiyoM aura bhASyoM ke pazcAt cUrNiyoM kI racanA kii| kevala aMga AgamoM para hI nahIM kiMtu upAMga, mUlAdi anya AgamoM para bhI TIkAoM kI racanA hotI rahI, jinameM se bahuta sI TIkAe~ Aja hameM prApta haiN| dhanya haiM ve AcArya jinhoMne jJAnArAdhanA kA bahuta baDA kArya kiyA tathA logoM para atyadhika upakAra kiyaa| TabbA saMskRta TIkAoM ke bAda vyAkhyA kA eka aura rUpa prakAza meM AyA, use TabbA kahA jAtA hai| gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI bhASAoM meM AgamoM para TabboM kI racanAyeM huii| gujarAta, rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma bahuta phailA huA thaa| Aja bhI hai| TabbA saMbhavata: saMskRta ke stabdha zabda se banA hai| stabdha kA artha gherA huA, rokA huA, avaruddha kiyA huA hotA hai| TabbA mUla Agama ke zabdoM ko artha dvArA ghere rahatA hai| ata: zAbdika dRSTi se yaha zabda sArthakatA liye hue hai| TabbA kA tAtparya- Agama ke zabdoM kA bahuta hI sarala rUpa meM artha denA hai| jina-jina zabdoM kA artha kiyA jAtA, unake nIce usake Tabbe likha diye jAte haiN| sAdhAraNa loga ina TabboM kI sahAyatA se AgamoM kA Azaya yA bhAva baDI sugamatA se samajha lete| AcArya

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63 haribhadrasUrijI ke bAda aparAjitasUri, somacaMdrasUri Adi ke dvArA bhI TabbA kI racanA kii| isakA gujarAtI meM anuvAda bhI milatA hai| samIkSA itanA vizAla vyAkhyA sAhitya likhe jAne kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaina tattvajJAna aura AcAra vidhAoM ke adhyayana meM sAdhuoM ke sAtha-sAtha gRhasthoM kI bhI abhiruci rahI hai| ataeva vyApaka lAbha kI dRSTi se yaha vipula sAhitya racA gyaa| isa vyAkhyAmUlaka sAhitya meM tAttvika siddhAMtoM kA, sAdhuoM kI caryA kA tathA gRhastha upAsakoM kI vyaktigata, pArivArika, sAmAjika sthitiyoM kA vibhinna vargoM ke logoM ke kArya, zilpa, vyavasAya, zikSA, kalAkRtiyA~, sthApatya, bhavana nirmANa kalA ityAdi kI racanA huii| jaise batalAyA gayA hai| niyuktiyA~ aura bhASya prAkRta gAthAoM meM likhe gaye, cUrNiyoM kI racanA gadya meM huii| niyukti aura bhASyoM meM jaina dharma ke siddhAMta vistAra se pratipAdita nahIM kiye gye| saMkSipta evaM sAMketika rUpa meM vahA~ vivecana huaa| isake atirikta niyuktiyoM aura bhASyoM kI gAthAyeM kaI kaI Apasa meM mizrita hotI gii| isalie unake mAdhyama se jaina darzana aura AcAra ke siddhAMtoM ko vizeSa rUpa se samajhanA sAdhAraNa pAThakoM ke lie kaThina ho gyaa| __ cUrNiyoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha rahI ki vahA~ prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta bhASA kA bhI prayoga huaa| isake kAraNa bhASA kI rocakatA bhI baDhI ora viSayoM ke nirUpaNa meM adhika anukUlatAyeM huiiN| TIkA cUrNiyoM ke bAda bhI vyAkhyAmUlaka sAhitya kI racanA kA krama Age bar3hatA rhaa| vidvAnoM, AcAryoM ne saMskRta meM AgamoM para baDe vistRta rUpa meM vRttiyoM yA TIkAoM kI saMskRta meM racanA kI saMskRta eka aisI bhASA hai, jisameM thoDe zabdoM meM vistRta bhAva prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga para AcArya zIlAMka dvArA racita TIkAyeM prApta haiN| ina donoM aMga sUtroM kA AgamoM meM sarvopari mahattva hai| AcArya zIlAMka kI TIkA ke sAtha ina AgamoM kA adhyayana karane se jaina darzana ke gahana tattvoM ko bhalibhA~ti samajhA jA sakatA hai| ina do AgamoM ke atirikta bAkI ke do aMga AgamoM para AcArya abhayadeva sUri ne TIkAoM kI racanA kii| ve navAMgI TIkAkAra kahe jAte haiN| unake dvArA racita TIkAoM kA jaina sAhitya meM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai|

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64 aneka vidvAna AcAryoM ne AgamoM para aura bhI TIkAe~ likhIM aura aneka viSayoM kA yathAprasaMga varNana kiyA hai| jaina AgamoM meM jo dravyAnuyogamUlaka Agama hai ve tAttvika dRSTi se bahuta gaMbhIra haiN| TIkAkAroM aura vyAkhyAkAroM meM unameM varNita- AtmA, karma, Asrava, tapa ke vibhinna bheda, upabheda, pudgala kA gahana vivecana, paramANuvAda kI viSada carcA, anekavidha paramANuoM ke sammilana se niSpanna honevAlI vibhinna dazAyeM, kAryotsarga, dhyAna, svAdhyAya Adi kA bahuta hI sUkSma gahana vizleSaNa kiyA hai| jo tAttvika jJAna meM abhirucizIla zramaNoM aura vidvAnajanoM ke lie vizeSata: paThanIya hai, kyoMki jIvana meM tattvajJAna kA bahuta bar3A mahattva hai| yadyapi saba loga tattvajJAna meM pragati nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki - usameM prajJA abhyAsa aura zrama kI atyadhika AvazyakatA hai, kintu jinameM pratibhA, ruci aura kArya zakti ho unheM to avazya hI uccastarIya tattvajJAna prApta karanA caahie| aise puruSoM ke lie TIkAkAroM dvArA kI gaI vyAkhyAyeM bahuta hI lAbhaprada haiN| __ vyAkhyA sAhitya ke aMtargata cUrNiyoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki saiddhAntika tattvoM ko samajhAne ke lie unameM kathAoM kA vizeSa rUpa se upayoga kiyA gayA hai| kathAnakoM, dRSTAMtoM aura udAharaNoM dvArA gahana evaM kaThina tattvoM ko AsAnI se samajhA jA sakatA hai| cUrNikAroM kA yaha prayatna vAstava meM atyaMta upayogI hai| zatAbdiyoM se tattva jijJAsu inakA adhyayana karate hue lAbhAnvita ho rahe haiN| ___ dArzanikatA ke sAtha-sAtha laukika viSayoM para bhI TIkAkAroM ne bahuta hI vizada vizleSaNa kiyA hai| jisase pAThaka apane atIta ko bhalibhA~ti samajha sakate haiN| kisI bhI samAja yA rASTra ke saMbaMdha meM usakA gauravamaya atIta baDA preraNAprada hotA hai, isalie ise jIvita rakhanA vidvAnoM kA kArya hai| ina TIkAkAroM ne vyAkhyAkAroM ke isa kAryoM ko baDI suMdaratA se niSpAdita kiyA hai| yaha vyAkhyAmUlaka sAhitya aisA sAhitya hai jo yuga-yuga taka jijJAsuoM aura pAThakoM ko preraNA pradAna karatA rhegaa| zvetAMbara : digaMbara paricaya Agama jaina dharma zvetAMbara aura digaMbara do samudAyoM meM vibhakta hai| maulika siddhAMtoM kI dRSTi se donoM meM koI vizeSa aMtara nahIM hai kiMtu AcAra viSayaka mAnyatAoM meM aura tadanusAra kucha saiddhAMtika mAnyatAoM meM aMtara hai| 'zvetAni aMbarANi yeSAM te zvetAMbarA' 104 isa vigraha ke anusAra jinake vastra sapheda hote haiN| ve zvetAMbara kahe jAte haiN| isakA

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65 Azaya yaha hai ki- zvetAMbara paraMparA ke sAdhu-sAdhvI Agama nirUpita parimANa aura maryAdA ke anusAra sapheda vastra dhAraNa karate haiN| 'dizA eva aMbarANi yeSAM te digaMbarA' isa vigraha ke anusAra dizAyeM hI jinake vastra haiN| ve digaMbara kahalAte haiN| arthAt digaMbara sAdhu vastra dhAraNa nahIM krte| ve vastroM ko parigraha mAnate haiN| digaMbara paraMparA meM striyA~ munidharma svIkAra karane ke lie adhikRta nahIM haiN| ____ digaMbara mAnyatA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt 683 varSa taka dvAdaza aMgoM ke jJAna kI pravRtti gatizIla rhii| jJAna, guru ziSya kI paraMparA se maukhika rUpa meM diyA jAtA thaa| kramaza: vaha vilupta hotA gyaa| bAraha aMgoM kA kucha AMzika jJAna dharasena nAmaka AcArya ko thaa| ve rASTra ke aMtargata giranAra parvata para caMdra guphA meM dhyAna nirata the| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki unheM AcArAMga pUrNatayA smaraNa thaa| ___ AcArya dharasena ko yaha ciMtA huI ki unheM jo zrutajJAna smaraNa hai, kahIM unhIM ke sAtha na calA jAya, isalie unhoMne mahimA nagarI ke muni saMgha ko patra likhA ki ve kucha aisI vyavasthA kareM ki yaha mahatI paraMparA Age bhI calatI rhai|105 . munivRMda ke ciMtana ke anusAra AMdhrapradeza se puSpadaMta evaM bhUtabalI nAma ke do muniyoM ko AcArya dharasena ke pAsa jJAna prApta karane hetu bhejA gyaa| ve donoM muni baDe medhAvI the| dharasena ne unako dRSTivAda ke antargata kucha pUrvo aura vyAkhyAprajJapti kI zikSA dii| jJAna prApta kara donoM muni vahA~ se vApasa lauTa aaye| digaMbaroM ke sarvamAnya zAstra SaTakhaNDAgama muni puSpadaMta aura bhUtabalI ne yaha vicAra kiyA ki unhoMne AcArya dharasena se jo durlabhajJAna prApta kiyA hai, usase auroM ko bhI lAbha mile, isalie unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kii| ye zaurasenI prAkRta meM hai| puSpadaMta ne 107 sUtroM meM sat prarUpaNA kA vivecana kiyA tathA bhUtabalI ne 600 sUtroM meM karma prakRtiyA~ Adi ke viSaya meM zeSa sAra graMtha likhaa| - DaoN. jagadIza caMdra jaina ne prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nAmaka pustaka meM SaTkhaNDAgama usake cha:khaMDa, unameM varNita unapara racita dhavalA Adi TIkAoM para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai|106 SaTakhaNDAgama kA AdhAra caturdaza pUrvo ke aMtargata dvitIya agrAyaNI pUrva kA karma prakRti nAmaka adhikAra hai|

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66 yaha chaha khaNDoM meM vibhakta haiN| isalie ise SaTkhaNDAgama kahA jAtA hai| digaMbara paraMparA meM yaha AgamoM ke rUpa meM mAnya hai|107 SaTkhaNDAgama para vyAkhyA sAhitya SaTakhaNDAgama digaMbara paraMparA meM sarvamAnya graMtha hai| samaya samaya para aneka vidvAnoM ne ina para TIkAyeM likhii| lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne isa para parikarma nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kii| . tIsarI zatAbdI meM AcArya zyAmakuMDa ne paddhati nAmaka TIkA likhii| cauthI zatAbdI meM AcArya tuMbUlUra ne cUDAmaNi nAmaka TIkA rcii| pAMcavI zatAbdI meM zrIsamaMtabhadra svAmI ne TIkA kI racanA kii| yaha krama Age bhI calatA rhaa| chaTThI zatAbdI meM bappadeva guru ne vyAkhyA prajJapti nAmaka TIkA likhii| ye baDe duHkha kA viSaya hai ki ye sabhI TIkAyeM lupta ho gaI haiN| inameM se isa samaya koI bhI TIkA prApta nahIM hai / kevala unakA ullekha huA hai| dhavalAkI racanA SaTkhaNDAgama para AcArya vIrasena dvArA racita dhavalA TIkA bahuta prasiddha hai| vaha isa samaya upalabdha hai| vIrasena ke guru kA nAma AcArya naMdI thaa| inake ziSya jinasena the jinhoMne AdipurANa kI racanA kii| dhavalA TIkA cUrNiyoM kI taraha saMskRta-prAkRta mizrita hai| yaha 'bahattara hajAra zloka pramANa hai| isakI prazasti meM TIkAkAra ne likhA hai ki- yaha san 816 meM isa TIkA kA lekhana saMpanna huaa| dhavalAkAra AcArya vIrasena bahuzruta vidvAna the| TIkA ke adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki, unhoMne digaMbara tathA zvetAMbara ke AcArya dvArA likhe gaye sAhitya kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thaa| SaTkhaNDAgama meM nirUpita karma siddhAMta Adi vividha viSayoM kA atyaMta sUkSma gaMbhIra aura vistRta vizleSaNa hai| kaSAyapAhuDa (kaSAyaprAbhRta) giranAra parvata kI caMdraguphA meM dhyAna karane vAle AcArya dharasena ke samaya ke AsapAsa guNadhara nAmaka eka aura AcArya hue| unako bhI dvAdazAMgI zrutakA kucha jJAna thaa| unhoMne kaSAyapAhuDa ke nAma se dUsare siddhAMta graMtha kI racanA kii| . AcArya vIrasena ne isa para bhI TIkA likhanA zuru kiyaa| kiMtu 20,000 (bIsa hajAra) zloka pramANa TIkA hI likha pAye the ki- isI bIca meM divaMgata ho gye| unake

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67 ziSya AcArya jinasena ne bAkI kI TIkA pUrNa kii| yaha TIkA jayadhavalA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha TIkA sATha hajAra zloka pramANa hai| kaSAyapAhuDa bhI SaTkhaNDAgama kI taraha digaMbara paraMparA meM sarvamAnya hai| yaha pA~caveM jJAna pravAda pUrva kI dazavI vastu ke tRtIya pAhuDa 'pejjadosaH' se liyA gayA hai, isalie isako pejjadoSa pAhuDa bhI kahA jAtA hai| pejja kA artha preya yA rAga hai tathA doSa kA artha dveSa hai| isa graMtha meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rUpa kaSAya, rAga, dveSa unakI prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga pradeza Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tiloyapaNNatti (tiloyaprajJapti) AcArya yativRSabha ne tiloyapaNNatti kI racanA kii| yaha prAkRta bhASA meM likhA gayA prAcIna graMtha hai| jo ATha hajAra (8000) zloka pramANa hai| isameM tInoM lokoM se saMbaMdhita viSayoM kA vivecana hai| digaMbara paraMparA meM prAcInatama zrutAMga ke arntagata mAnA jAtA hai| dhavalA TIkA meM isa graMtha ke aneka uddharaNa Aye haiN| isameM bhUgola, khagola, jaina siddhAMta purANa evaM itihAsa Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| samAja, rAjya zAsana, loka vyavahAra Adi viSayoM kI yathA prasaMga carcA huI hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ke pramukha graMtha AcArya kuMdakuMda kA digaMbara paraMparA meM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| gautama gaNadhara ke pazcAt inakA nAma baDe Adara ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| padmanaMdI, vakragrIva, elAcArya tathA gRddhapiccha ke nAma se bhI ye prasiddha haiM, kiMtu inakA vAstavika nAma padmanaMdI thaa| ye AMdhrapradeza ke aMtargata koMDakuMDa ke nivAsI the| jisase inakA nAma kuMdakuMda paDA aisA mAnA jAtA hai| . AcArya kuMdakuMda ke samaya ke viSaya meM koI nizcita pramANa mAlUma nahIM hotaa| koI vidvAna unakA samaya prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mAnate haiN| kaIoM ke matAnusAra unakI tIsarI cauthI zatAbdI mAnI jAtI hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne prAkRta meM aneka graMtha rce| jinameM paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra tathA samayasAra bahuta prasiddha haiN| ye dravyArthika naya pradhAna graMtha haiN| inameM sUtra nizcaya naya se padArthoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| paMcAstikAya __paMcAstikAya meM dharma, adharma, AkAza, jIva aura pudgala ina pAMca astikAyoM kA varNana hai| yaha do zruta skaMdhoM meM vibhAjita hai| isameM 173 gAthAyeM haiN|

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68 prathama zrutaskaMdha meM chaha dravyoM aura pAMca astikAyoM kA vivecana haiN| isameM dravya kA lakSaNa, siddhoM kA svarUpa, jIva evaM pudgala kA baMdha, syAdvAda ke sAta bhaMga, jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya tathA kAla ke lakSaNa Adi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ___ dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha evaM mokSa kA vivecana hai| AcArya amRtacaMdra sUri tathA AcArya jayasena ne saMskRta meM TIkAoM kI racanA kii| pravacanasAra AcArya kuMdakuMda kA yaha dUsarA mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| isameM tIna zrutaskaMdha (adhikAra) haiN| prathama zrutaskaMdha meM jJAna kA, dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM jJeya kA aura tRtIya zrutaskaMdha meM cAritra kA pratipAdana hai| isameM kula do sau paMcahattara gAthAyeM haiN| isake prathama zrutaskaMdha ke jJAnAdhikAra meM AtmA aura jJAna kA ekatva evaM anyatva, sarvasattva kI siddhi, iMdriya sukha aura atiMdriya sukha, zubhopayoga, azubhopayoga tathA zuddhopayoga, mohakSaya Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| * dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM jJeya adhikAra meM dravya guNa evaM paryAya kA svarUpa, jJAna, karma, karma kA phala, mUrta-amUrta dravyoM ke guNa, jIva aura pudgala kA saMbaMdha, nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya kA virodhAbhAva, zuddhAtmA kA svarUpa Adi kA vizleSaNa hai| tRtIya zrutaskaMdha cAritrAdhikAra meM zrAmaNya ke cinha, lakSaNa, utsargamArga, apavAdamArga, AgamajJAna kA mahattva, zramaNa kA lakSaNa, mokSatattva Adi viSayoM kA prarUpaNa hai| isa graMtha para bhI AcArya amRtacaMdra sUri tathA AcArya jayasena sUri dvArA racita TIkAyeM haiN| samayasAra samaya kA artha siddhAMta yA darzana hai| samayasAra meM jaina siddhAMta yA tattvoM kA vivecana hai| isameM dasa adhikAra haiM aura (437) gAthAyeM haiN| prathama adhikAra meM svasamaya, parasamaya, zuddhanaya, AtmabhAvanA evaM samyaktva kA nirUpaNa hai| dUsare adhikAra meM jIva ajIvakA, tIsare meM karma-kartA kA, cauthe meM puNya-pApa kA, pA~cave meM Asrava kA, chaTTe meM saMvara kA, sAtave meM nirjarA kA, AThave meM baMdha kA, nauveM meM mokSa kA aura dasaveM meM zuddha pUrNa jJAna kA varNana hai| zuddha naya kI apekSA se jIva ko karmoM se aspRSTa aura Abaddha-binA chUA huA mAnA gayA hai|

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69 vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se jIva karmoM se spRSTa evaM baddha mAnA gayA hai / isa para AcArya amRtacaMdra sUri aura AcArya jayasena ne TIkAyeM likhI / ye tInoM graMtha nATakatraya, prAbhRtatraya yA ratnatraya kahalAte haiN| ina tInoM ke atirikta AcArya kuMdakuMda ke katipaya aura bhI graMtha haiN| jinameM kucha kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| niyamasAra isa graMtha meM 186 gAthAyeM haiN| isameM samyaktva, Apta, Agama, sapta padArtha, samyakjJAna, samyakcAritra ke antargata dvAdazavrata, dvAdazapratimAyeM, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, AlocanA, prAyazcita, paramasamAdhi, paramabhakti, zuddhopayoga Adi kA varNana hai| isa graMtha para padmaprabha maladhArI deva ne san 1000 ke AsapAsa TIkA kI racanA kI / unhoMne prAbhRtatraya ke TIkAkAra AcArya amRtacaMdra sUri kI TIkA ke zlokoM ko apanI niyamasAra kI TIkA meM bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| rayaNasAra isameM 167 gAthAyeM haiM / yahA~ samyaktva ko ratnasAra kahA gayA hai| isameM bhakti, vinaya, vairAgya, tyAga Adi kA vivecana hai / nizcaya naya ke AdhAra para jina saMtoM aura vidvAnoM kA ciMtana rhaa| unhoMne AcArya kuMdakuMda ke vicAroM kA vizeSa rUpa se anusaraNa kiyA / vartamAna zatAbdI meM kAnajIsvAmI nAmaka sAdhaka hue haiM, jinhoMne AcArya kuMdakuMda ke samayasAra, pravacanasAra Adi graMthoM ko hI apanI sAdhanA kA pramukhatama aMga svIkAra kiyA tathA jIvanabhara una graMthoM para pravacana diyA / digaMbara paraMparA meM saMskRtaracanAyeM digaMbara paraMparA ke arntagata saMskRta meM jaina siddhAMta, AcAra, nyAya Adi viSayoM para aneka AcAryoM ne baDe-baDe graMtha likhe| jinakA jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM hI nahIM, bhAratIya vidyA ke kSetra meM bhI baDA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unameM AcArya samaMtabhadra, akalaMka, vidyAnaMdI, mANikyanaMdI, anaMtavIrya tathA prabhAcaMdra Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 1) AptamImAMsA, 2) ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra, 3) aSTasatI, 4) aSTasahastrI, tattvArtha rAjavArtika, tattvArthazlokavArtika, parIkSAmukha, nyAyakumudacaMdra, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, sapta bhaMgI taraMgiNI, nyAyadIpikA Adi aneka mahattvapUrNa saMskRtagraMtha haiN|

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70 niSkarSa isa prakaraNa meM jaina saMskRti, dharma, Agama tathA zvetAMbara, digaMbara sAhitya kA saMkSepa meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAhitya kI vizadarUpa meM carcA karane kA eka vizeSa prayojana hai isa sAhitya meM tatvajJAna, AcAravrata paraMparA, sAdhanA kI vividha paddhatiyA~, tapazcaraNa svAdhyAya, dhyAna ityAdi aneka viSayoM para aneka dRSTiyoM se vyAkhyA huI hai| kisI bhI viSaya para gahana adhyayana, anuzIlana aura anusaMdhAna ke lie tatsaMbadhI saMskRtadarzana aura sAhitya kA AdhAra bahuta Avazyaka hai| ___ jainadharma meM karma siddhAMta AdhyAtmika jagata kA mUlAdhAra hai| Agama graMthoM meM karma viSayaka varNana sthAna-sthAna para diyA gayA hai| sAdhaka jIvana ho yA gRhastha jIvana ho karma ke marma ko samajhanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| ____ mere dvArA zodha hetu svIkRta 'jaina dharma meM karma siddhAMta' isa viSaya para anusaMdheya sAmagrI kI dRSTi se ina sabakA upayoga avazya hogaa| ata: ina saba para sAmAnya rUpa meM prakAza DAlanA apekSita mAnate hue isa prakaraNa meM ina sabakA saMkSepa meM nirupaNa kiyA gayA hai| jo Age ke prakaraNa meM vivecanIya, gaveSaNIya aura parIkSaNIya viSayoM kI dRSTi se anukUla pRSThabhUmi siddha hogii|

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71 saMdarbha 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, (yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), adhyayana 9, gA. 48 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), adhyayana 14, gA. 13 pR. 227 amRta mahotsava gaurava graMtha : pariccheda 3, pR. 8-12 3. 4. sammelana patrikA : loka saMskRti ke aMcala vizeSAMka, pR. 18 manusmRti 5. amRta mahotsava graMtha, pR. 13 6. bhAratIya darzana, (DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana), bhAga- 2 pR. 17 dazavaikAlika niyukti, gA. 156 ( AcArya bhadrabAhu ) 7. 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), 25, gA. 29, 30 9. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), 1/2/2/1 10. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), 1/2/2/2 11. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), 1/2/2/6 12. dhammapada, dhammaTTha vagga, 9, 10 pR. 118 13. bauddha dharma kyA kahatA hai ?, pR. 35 14. bauddha dharmadarzana, (nagInajI zAha), pR. 62 15. gRhastha dharma: prathama bhAga, pR. 43 16. AvazyakasUtra, ( yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 4 pR. 70 17. AvazyakasUtra, ( yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 4 pR. 73 18. atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM ganthAnI gaNaharA, niuNaM, sAsaNassa hiTThAe tao suttaM pavattai || Avazyaka niyukti - 192 19. samavAyAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), 12/511, pR. 171 * jaina tattva prakAza, ( amolaka RSijI mahArAja), pR. 29 20. 21. jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa (bhAga 1 ), ( jagadIzacaMdra jaina), pR. 54 22. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), a. 25, gA. 33 pR. 430 23. sakkhaM khudIsai tavo viseso na dIsai jAi visesa koi / sevAgaputte hariesa sAhu jasse rissA zaDhi mahANubhAgA // uttarAdhyayana sUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), a. 12, gAthA 37. 24. mahAbhArata kI suktiyA~ (sUkti triveNI), upAdhyAya amaramuni, a. 11 zloka 13 25. bhAratIya dharmoM meM mukti vicAra, pR. 26, 27 26. tIrthaMkara mAsika, (varSa - 10) aMka- 7.8, 1980, pR. 74 27. jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), 2/24 pR. 27 28. sthAnAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), 6/23/24 pR. 540

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72 mr m 29. jaina tattva prakAza, (pUjyapAda amolaka RSIjI ma.), pR. 84-103 30. jainAgama stoka saMgraha, (dhIMgaDamalajI giDiyA), pR. 145 31. jaina thoka saMgraha, bhAga - 2 (dhIMgaDamalajI giDiyA), pR. 225 32. yaMtra maMtra taMtra vijJAna, bhAga - 2 pR.34 33. Agama ke anamola ratna, pR. 252 34. zrI jaina siddhAMta bola saMgraha, bhAga 6, (bhairodAnajI seThIyA), pR. 177-178 35. baDI sAdhu vaMdanA, (pU. jayamalajI ma.) pada - 1 36. Avazyaka niyukti, (saMpA. AcArya bhadrabAhu), gA. 92 37. jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, (saMpA. yuvAcArya deveMdraramunijI ma. zAstrI), pR. 3-10 38. bhASA vijJAna, (saMpA. bholAnAtha tivArI) 39. samavAyAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), 34 sUtra-22 40. bhagavaI (lADanUM), (saMpA. AcArya tulasI, muni nathamala), za. 5, u. 4, sUtra- 93 41. AcArAMga cUrNi, (jinadAsagaNi), pR. 255 42. navakAra prabhAvanA, pR. 7 43. dazavaikAlikavRtti, pR. 223 44. navakAra prabhAvanA, pR. 5.7 45. 'AgamettA ANavejjA' / AcArAMga sUtra, (yuvAcArya madhukara muni), 1/5/4 46. sAhitya aura saMskRti (AcArya deveMdra muni zAstrI) pR. 2 47. bhagavatI sUtra (saMpA. AcArya tulasI, muni nathamala), 5/3/192 48. anuyogadvAra (TIkA- maladhArI hemacandra), sU. 42 49. sthAnAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), sU. 338 50. syAdvAda maMjarI TIkA, zloka - 38 51. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, (dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIyA), gA. 559 52. zrI uttarAdhyayana sUtra (gujarAtI anu durlabhajI khetANI prastAvanA) 53. Agama yuga jaina darzana, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), pR. 15, 16 54. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 29 55. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, prastAvanA, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), pR. 4 56. jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, (saMpA. yuvAcArya deveMdramunijI), pR. 35 57. jaina tattva prakAza, (pUjyapAda zrIamolaka RSIjI ma.), pR. 201, 202 58. namaskAra mahimA, (gaNivarya bhadraMkara vijayajI ma.), pR. 5 59. Agama yuga jaina darzana, (dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA), pR. 20 60. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, (dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIyA), pR. 29, 30 61. Agama yuga jaina darzana, (saMpA. yuvAcArya deveMdramunijI), pR. 18-20 kh kh kh

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73 62. jaina darzana : manana mImAMsA, (saMpA. yuvAcArya deveMdramunijI), pR. 24 63. namaskAra ciMtAmaNI, (gaNivarya bhadraMkara vijayajI ma.), pR. 64 64. dazavaikAlika niyukti, (saMpA. AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI), 3 TIkA 65. Avazyaka niyukti, (saMpA. AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI), pR. 336-377 66. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, (paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIyA), pR. 284/295 67. jaina lakSaNAvalI, bhA. 1, (saMpA. kSu. jineMdravarNI), pR. 79 68. vizva prahelikA, (saMpA. munizrI pR.maheMdrakumArajI), 93/123 69. Avazyaka niyukti, (saMpA. AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI), pR. 363-377 70. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, (dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIyA), pR. 2284/2295 71. dazavaikAlika niyukti, (saMpA. AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI), 3 TIkA 72. naMdIsUtra cUrNi, (jinadAsagaNI mahattara), pR. 10 73. mUlArAdhanA 4/599 (vijayodayA TIkA) 74. AcArAMga niyukti (jinahaMsa pArzvacandrAcArya), gA. 9 75. AcArAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), mUla pATha, sAripaNNa 76. niSadhakumAra caritra, pR. 261 77. sthAnAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), sthAna. 9 78. AcArAMga cUrNi mUla pATha, (jinadAsagaNI mahattara), pR. 274 79. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 21 80. antakRtadazAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 1 varga 8, pR. 146/153 81. anuttaropapAtika sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni) 82. prazna vyAkaraNasUtra ( TIkA- AcArya abhayadeva sari). vatti ke prAraMbha meM 83. prazna vyAkaraNasUtra (saMpA. deveMdramunijI ma.sA.), prastAvanA pR. 19.20 84. aupapAtikasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), prastAvanA pR. 85. jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA (deveMdramuni zAstrI jI ma.sA.), pR. 271 86. vyavahAra bhASya (uddezaka- 3), gA. 173-176 87. Avazyaka niyukti, (saMpA. AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI), 777 88. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, (paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIyA), 2295 89. nizItha bhASya, (saMghadAsagaNi), 5947 90. kenonIkala liTarecara, pR. 36 / 91. dazavaikAlika sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a.- 4, gA. 7, 8' 92. dazAzruta skaMdha, cauthI dazA, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), 1/8 pR. 20, 21 93. jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA . (AcArya deveMdramunijI zAstrI ma.sA.), pR. 388 94. jaina Agama digdarzana, (DaoN. muni nagarAja) pR. 170, 171

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74 95. abhidhAnarAjeMdra koza, bhA.-1, (kSu. jinendravarNI), pR. 387 96. AurapaccakkhANa paiNNayaM, gA. 70, pR. 23 (AgamadIpa) 97. AurapaccakkhANa paiNNayaM, gA. 70, pR. 23, 24 (AgamadIpa) 98. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, (yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 29/23. pR. 499 99. saskRta hindI koza, (vAmana zivarAma ApTe), pR. 691 100. jainAgama digdarzana, (DaoN. nagarAja) pR. 145, 148 101. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gA. 1710, 1869 (zivArya), pR. 73, 83 102. zizupAla vadha, (mahAkAvya), sarga- 2 / zloka - 24 (mahAkavi mAgha) 103. saMskRta hindI koza, (vAmana zivarAma ApTe) pR. 739 104. tattvArthasUtra (zrutasAgarI vRtti) 1/20 105. jainadharma, pR. 262 106. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, (DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina), pR. 274, 290 107. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (DaoN. jagadIza caMdra jaina), pR. 278

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dvitIya prakaraNa karma kA astitva

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75 78 78 78 79 79 0 0 0 V 0 dvitIya prakaraNa karma kA astitva AtmA kA astitva : karma astitva kA paricAyaka indrabhUti gautama kI AtmA viSayaka zaMkA aura nirAkaraNa jJAnaguNa ke dvArA AtmA kA astitva jahA~ AtmA vahA~ jJAnaguNa zarIrAdi bhoktA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi paraloka ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi zarIrastha sArathI ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi Agama pramANa se AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi AtmA kA asAdharaNa guNa : caitanya jahA~ karma vahA~ saMsAra AtmA kI do avasthAe~ saMsArI (azuddha) dazA kA mukhya kAraNa : karma karma astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kyoM mAne? pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke samaya zarIra naSTa hotA hai AtmA nahIM pratyakSa-jJAniyoM dvArA kathita pUrvajanma-punarjanma vRttAnta pratyakSa-jJAniyoM aura bhAratIya manISiyoM dvArA punarjanma kI siddhi Rgveda meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa upaniSadoM meM karma aura punarjanma kA ullekha bhagavadgItA meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa bauddha darzana meM karma aura punarjanma nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM karma aura punarjanma adRSTa (karma ke sAtha hI) pUrvajanma-punarjanma kA saMbaMdha sAMkhya darzana meM karma aura punarjanma . 0 V V V V 0 V V 0 V 0 V 0 0 V 0 V 90, o 0 or 92

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76 mImAMsA darzana meM karma aura punarjanma yogadarzana meM karma aura punarjanma mahAbhArata meM pUrvajanma aura punarjanma manusmRti meM punarjanma ke astitva kI siddhi pUrvajanma ke vaira virodha kI smRti se punarjanma kI siddhi AtmA kI nityatA se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI siddhi pAzcAtya dArzanika graMthoM meM punarjanma pUrvajanma aura punarjanma mAnava jAti ke lie AdhyAtmika upahAra parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi se punarjanma aura karma punarjanma AtmA aura karma ke astitva kI siddhi jI punarjanmoM kA jJAna evaM smaraNa premAtmAoM kA sAkSAt saMparka : punarjanma kI sAkSI jaina darzana kI dRSTi se pretAtmA ke lakSaNa evaM svarUpa pretAtmA dvArA priya pAtra kI adRzya sahAyatA phoTo dvArA sUkSma zarIra kA astitva punarjanma siddhAMta kI upayogitA karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa jagata vaicitrya bauddha darzana kI dRSTi se visadRzatA kAraNa karma karma astitva kaba se kaba taka ? tAtvika dRSTi se karma aura jIva kA sAdi aura anAdi saMbaMdha AtmA anAdi hai to kyA karma bhI anAdi haiM ? karma aura AtmA meM pahale kauna ? donoM ke anAdi saMbaMdha kA aMta kaise ? bhavya aura abhavya jIva kA lakSaNa, abhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha anAdi anaMta saMbaMdha bhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha saMbaMdha anAdi sAnta saMdarbha-sUcI 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 95. 96 97 98 99 100 101 101 102 102 108 109 110 111 111 113 114 114 114 116

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77 dvitIya prakaraNa AtmA kA astitva : karma astitva kA paricAyaka samagra Astika darzanoM kA keMdra biMdu AtmA hai| AtmA ko keMdra mAnakara hI yahA~ para samasta prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, jIvana-maraNa, nindA - prazaMsA, vikAsa -hAsa, unnati-avanati, hita-ahita, Adi ke kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| AtmA kI dRSTi se hI karma, puNya-pApa, Asrava, saMvara, baMdha, mokSa, heya, jJeya, upAdeya, zuddhi, guNa, avaguNa tathA samyakjJAna, mithyAjJAna, sudarzana, kudarzana, samyakcAritra, kucAritra, samyaka, asamyak, tapa, tyAga, pratyAkhyAna Adi viSayoM ke saMbaMdha meM gahana ciMtana manana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi ina sabakA mUla kartA-dhartA svayaM AtmA hai aura karma ke kAraNa hI AtmA ina saba meM pravRtta hotA hai / AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha anAdikAla se hai| yahI AtmA kI vibhAva dazA hai| AtmA ke rAga-dveSa, moha, ajJAna Adi bhAva ina vibhAva bhAvoM kI utpatti meM nimitta haiM / AtmA ke rAgAdi bhAvoM ke yoga ke nimitta se kArmaNavargaNA (paramANu) AkarSita hokara AtmA ke sAtha pratipala pratikSaNa saMbaMdhita hotI haiN| unheM karma kI saMjJA pradAna kI gaI hai jo sthiti aura rasa ko lekara hotI hai / 1 AtmA eka cetanAvAna padArtha hai, cetanA usakA dharma hai / 2 phira bhI vaha apane svarUpa ke prati anabhijJa hai, anajAna hai| isakA kAraNa hai karmoM kA saghana AvaraNa / karma paudagalika haiM, vaha jar3a svarUpa haiN| AtmA prati samaya ajJAna evaM moha ke kAraNa rAgadveSa Adi bhAva svayaM kara rahA hai, jisameM karma kA udaya nimitta hai aura ina rAgAdi bhAvoM ke hone meM karma ke udaya ke phala-svarUpa bAhya meM zarIra, indriyA~, mana, vacana, svajana, parijana, bhavana, vastue~ evaM .paristhitiyA~ Adi nimitta bhUta hotI haiM / yahI AtmA kI vibhAva dazA hai| uttarAdhyayana3 sUtra meM aura samayasAra meM bhI kahA hai ki, AtmA hI karmoM kA kartA haivahI nirodha kartA aura kSaya karatA hai / ise dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki, apane hI abhinna jJAnAdi guNoM kA vaha kartA hai - jisameM kisI bhI vijAtIya dravya kA bAhya nimitta apekSita nahIM hai / yahI nizcaya naya se kartApana hai| yadi jIva paralakSya kA parityAga kara parAdhInatA se parAGmukha hokara apane hI svabhAva kA paricaya kare, to vaha svabhAva bhAva utpanna kara sakatA hai / jo zAzvata aura dhruva hai 1

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78 AtmA svayaM karma bAMdhatI hai aura unakA phala bhI svayaM bhogatI hai| phira samyakjJAna evaM jAgaraNa hone para vaha svayaM hI karmoM kA nirodha evaM kSaya karane kA puruSArtha karatI hai| ata: AtmA kA svataMtra astitva hI karma ke astitva kA paricAyaka siddha hotA hai| vAstava meM gaNadharavAda meM jitanI bhI carcAe~ haiM, ve saba AtmA aura karma ke astitva se saMbaMdhita haiN|5 indrabhUti gautama kI AtmA viSayaka zaMkA aura nirAkaraNa vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke antargata gaNadharavAda meM prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti kI zaMkA yahI thI ki (AtmA) kisI bhI laukika pramANa se siddha nahIM ho sktii|6 taba zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue indrabhUti gautama ko kahA ki tumheM bhI AtmA pratyakSa hai, kintu tumhArA yaha pratyakSa AMzika hai, AtmA kA sarva prakAra se pUrNa pratyakSa nahIM hai, kintu mujhe sarvathA AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hai| jJAnaguNa ke dvArA AtmA kA astitva ___ AtmA kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa jJAna hai| vaha AtmA ke atirikta kisI bhI zarIra, mana, buddhi yA indriya kA lakSaNa nahIM ho sktii| AtmA aura jJAna ye donoM abhinna haiN| AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- jo vijJAna hai vahI AtmA hai, jo AtmA hai vahI vijJAna hai| paMcAstikAya evaM niyamasAra meM bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki jJAna se bhinna AtmA aura AtmA se bhinna jJAna kahIM para bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| paMcAstikAya8a aura niyamasAra8ba meM bhI aisA varNana upalabdha hai| jahA~ AtmA vahA~ jJAnaguNa _ naMdIsUtra meM yaha spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki, saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM meM nigodastha (anantakAyika) jIva aise haiM, jinake utkRSTa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya hotA rahatA hai| phira bhI jaise ghanaghora ghaTAoM se sUrya ke pUrNata: AcchAdita hone para bhI usakI prabhA kA kucha aMza anAvRta rahatA hai, jisase dina aura rAta kA vibhAga hotA hai, usI prakAra una jIvoM meM bhI jJAna (akSarazruta) kA anaMtavA bhAga nitya anAvRta (udaghATita) rahatA hai| yadi jJAna pUrNarUpa se AvRta ho jAye to jIva (AtmA) bhI ajIvatva (anAtmatva) ko prApta ho jaae| isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se eka rUpaka dvArA samajhA jA sakatA hai, jaise- ghanaghora ghaTAoM ko vidIrNakara divAkara kI prabhA bhUmaMDala para AtI hai, kintu sabhI makAnoM para usakI prabhA eka sarIkhI nahIM pdd'tii| makAnoM kI banAvaTa ke anusAra kahIM maMda, kahIM maMdatara aura kahIM maMdatama rUpa meM paDatI hai, vaise hI jIvoM ko apanI-apanI banAvaTa tathA matijJAnAvaraNIya Adi ke udaya kI nyUnAdhikatA ke anusAra jJAna kI prabhA kisI kisI meM maMda, kisI meM mandatara aura kisI meM maMdatama hotI hai, paraMtu unameM jJAna pUrNa rUpa se kabhI tirohita nahIM hotaa|

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79 jaina dharma meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki suSupta avasthA meM AtmA meM jJAna kA astitva mAnanA paDegA kyoMki jJAna kA astitva na mAnA jAye to caitanya kA astitva siddha nahIM hogaa| phira supta avasthA meM caitanya kA pramANa yaha bhI hai ki, jisa prakAra jAgRta avasthA meM caitanya hone para zvAsocchvAsa calanA Adi kriyAe~ hotI haiM vaisI suSupta avasthA meM bhI hotI haiN| ata: suSupta avasthA meM bhI caitanya aura jJAna donoM AtmA meM rahate haiN| isa prakAra caitanya aura jJAnaguNa kA astitva siddha hone se guNI AtmA kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai|10 tattvArthazlokavArtika11 nyAyakumudacaMdra12 meM bhI isa bAta kA ullekha hai| zarIrAdi ke bhoktA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM batAyA gayA hai ki, jaise bhojana vastrAdi padArtha bhogya hote haiM, puruSa unakA bhoktA hotA hai, usI prakAra deha Adi bhI bhogya hone se inakA bhI koI bhoktA honA cAhie, kyoMki bhogya padArtha svayaM apane Apa bhoktA nahIM hotA, attaH zarIrAdi kA bhI bhoktA hai vaha AtmA hai| Izvara Adi anya koI zarIrAdi kA kartA, bhoktA athavA svAmI nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki yaha yukti viruddha hai| ata: AtmA hI usakA kartA bhoktA yA svAmI hai| 13 SaDdarzana meM bhI yahI bAta batAI gaI hai|14 paraloka ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi mRtyu ke pazcAt zarIra ko jalA diyA jAtA hai| zubhAzubha karmoM ke prabhAva se paraloka meM jAne vAlA koI dUsarA tattva avazya hai aura vaha hai AtmA jIva hI apane puNya pApa karmAnusAra paraloka meM jAtA hai| agara aisA mAnA na jAye to saMsAra, baMdha, mokSa kI vyavasthA samApta ho jaayegii|15 zarIrastha sArathI ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi jaise ratha ko calAne vAlI viziSTa kriyA sArathI se prayatnapUrvaka hotI hai, usI prakAra zarIra kI viziSTa kriyA bhI kisI ke prayatnapUrvaka hotI hai| jisake prayatna se yaha kriyA hotI hai, vahI AtmA hai| isa prakAra zarIrarUpI ratha ke sArathI ke rUpa meM AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai|16 upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi . jJAna, sukha, zakti Adi kAryoM kA koI na koI upAdAna kAraNa avazya hai, kyoMki ye kArya hai, jo kArya hotA hai usakA upAdAna kAraNa avazya hotA hai| jaise ghaTa rUpa kArya kA upAdAna kAraNa miTTI hai| usI prakAra jJAna, sukha Adi kArya kA jo upAdAna kAraNa hai vaha AtmA hai|17 SaDdarzana samuccaya meM bhI yahI batA doharAI gaI hai|18

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Agama pramANa se AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi niyata kAryoM kI ora mana kI pravRtti ko dekhate hue siddha hotA hai, koI usakA preraka tattva avazya hai mana ko jo prerita karatA hai vahI AtmA hai|19 sarvajJa, Apta puruSoM dvArA praNIta yA upadiSTa Apta puruSa sarvajJa evaM sarvasaMzayocchedaka tathA satyavAdI hote haiN| ___ AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai sabhI dizAoM aura anudizAoM se jo anusaMcaraNa karatA hai, vaha maiM (AtmA) huuN|20 isa prakAra jaina dharma meM AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai| vyavahAra dRSTi se dravyasaMgraha meM AtmA kA spaSTa svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai- jIva (AtmA) upayogamaya hai, amUrta (arUpI) hai, kartA hai, svadeha parimANa, pratyeka vyakti bhinna hai, bhoktA hai, svabhAva se Urdhvagamana karatA hai tathA saMsArI evaM siddha, jIva do prakAra kA hai|21 AtmA amUrta hone se usameM varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza ye cAra pudgala (jaDa) ke dharma nahIM pAye jAte haiN| phira bhI zarIra se isakA saMyoga saMbaMdha hone se vaha jIva ke apane-apane choTe baDe zarIra ke parimANa ke anusAra choTA baDA saMkoca vistAravAlA ho jAtA hai| AtmA kA asAdharaNaguNa : caitanya ___ jIva (AtmA) kA sAmAnya lakSaNa caitanya yA upayoga hai| yahI jIva (AtmA) kA asAdharaNa guNa hai, jisameM vaha tamAma jaDa (ajIva) dravya se apanA pRthaka astitva rakhatA hai|22 tattvArthasUtra23 uttarAdhyayanasUtra24 bhagavatI sUtra25 meM bhI isI bAta kA ullekha hai| - isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai, ki AtmA nAmaka eka svataMtra tattva hai, jisakA astitva anAdi anaMta hai| zarIrAdi ke naSTa hone para bhI vaha paraloka meM jAtA hai| amUrta AtmA kathaMcit mUrta mAnA gayA hai| isalie sva-sva karma ke vaza vibhinna gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM jAtA hai| isa prakAra saMsArI AtmA kA astitva siddha hone para usake sAtha pravAha rUpa se karma kA astitva bhI mokSa prApti ke pUrva taka avazyaMbhAvI mAnanA pddegaa| jahA~ karma vahA~ saMsAra AtmA kI zuddha dazA prApta karAnA hI jaina darzana kA lakSya hai jaina darzana kA samagra ciMtana, manana evaM vizleSaNa AtmA ko keMdra meM rakhakara huA hai, kyoMki jaina darzana kA mukhya aura aMtima lakSya AtmA se paramAtmA banane kI preraNA detA hai| isI kAraNa 'appA so paramappA' jo AtmA hai vahI paramAtmA hai| jaina darzana ke AdhyAtmika utkrAntikArI AcArya zrI kuMdakuMdAcArya kahate haiM- nizcaya

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81 hI maiM (AtmA) sadaiva zuddha zAzvata aura amUrta (arUpI) tattva hU~, sadA jJAna darzanamaya hU~ / merI (AtmA) se bhinna jo para padArtha haiM unakA yatkicit paramANu mAtra bhI merA nahIM hai / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jitane bhI para padArtha haiM ve zuddha AtmA se bhinna haiM 26 / AtmA kI do avasthAe~ AtmA (jIva ) kI mukhyata: do avasthAe~ jaina- darzana meM batAI haiM- eka saMsArI avasthA aura dUsarI siddha (mukta) avasthA / inameM se pahalI avasthA azuddha hai, jabaki dUsarI avasthA zuddha hai| inhIM donoM ko bhagavatI sUtra 27 aura prajJApanA sUtra 28 meM kramazaH saMsArasamApanna aura `asaMsArasamApanna kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra 29 tattvArthasUtra 30 aura jIvAbhigama 31 meM bhI -yahI bAta hai| jo AtmAe~ karma saMyukta hotI haiM, tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava parivartana se yukta hokara aneka yoniyoM aura gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatI rahatI haiM, ve sazarIrI AtmAe~ saMsArI kahalAtI haiM / 32 ye saMsArI AtmAe~ nitya naye karma bA~dhakara vibhinna paryAyoM meM unake phala bhogatI haiN| jaina AgamoM meM AtmA ke badale jIva zabda kA hI vizeSataH prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yoM to saMsArI dazA aura mukta dazA, ina donoM dazAoM kA kartA aura bhoktA svayaM jIva (AtmA) hI hai| jIva hI apane rAga-dveSa kaSAya Adi zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se svayaM hI saMsArI hotA hai aura jaba vaha sAdhanA aura svapuruSArtha dvArA saMsAra kA aMta kara detA hai taba vaha mukta ho jA hai| siddha buddha mukta hone ke pazcAt vaha punaH saMsAra meM nahIM aataa| paMcAdhyAyI meM AtmA aura karma ke paraspara saMbaMdha ko svarNa aura miTTI ke saMbaMdha ke samAna anAdi batAyA gayA hai| yogIzvara mahAtmA AnaMdaghanajI ne bhI apanI caubIsI meM eka mahattvapUrNa paMkti likhI hai - 'kanakopalavat payaDI puruSa taNI re joDI anAdi svabhAva' / isa paMkti kA sAra bhI isa tathya kA samarthana karatA hai, karma prakRti aura puruSa (AtmA) kI joDI svarNa aura upala ke samAna anAdi hai| sonA khAna se nikalatA hai taba azuddha hotA hai, usameM miTTI aura kaMkar3a-patthara eka jaise dikhate haiM kintu svarNakAra dvArA jaba vaha miTTI mizrita svarNa Aga meM tapAkara galAyA jAtA hai, taba svarNa meM se miTTI Adi maila kaTa chaTa kara alaga ho hotA hai| pariNAmataH svarNa aura miTTI kA jo anAdi saMbaMdha thA vaha TUTa jAtA hai aura azuddha svarNa zuddha ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha bhI anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai| AtmA apane pUrvakRta karmoM kA paribhoga karatA hai aura naye karmoM kA baMdha bhI karatA hai / karmabaMdhana kI

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82 yaha prakriyA anAdi kAlIna hote hue bhI AtmA apane dharma puruSArtha dvArA karmoM ko vilaga apane zuddha svarUpa ko prakaTa kara sakatI hai| 'jisa prakAra kAvaDiyA ke dvArA bojhA DhoyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zarIrarUpI kAvaDiyA ke dvArA saMsArI (azuddha) AtmA janma maraNAdi rUpa saMsAra ke aneka kaSToM ko sahatI huI karma rUpI bhAra ko vibhinna gatiyoM meM DhotI huI bhramaNa karatI hai / jaba AtmA ke samasta karmoM kA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai, taba usa mukta AtmA kA svAbhAvika zuddha rUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai33 / gommaTasAra34 uttarAdhyayana sUtra 35 meM bhI yahI bAta darzAyI hai| eka hI jIva ke ye do avasthAkRta bheda haiN| jIva (AtmA) kI saMsAra avasthA ko baddha avasthA bhI kahate haiN| karma rahita avasthA ko mukta avasthA bhI kahate haiM, yA zuddha avasthA bhI kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM zarIra, indriyA~, mana, vANI, janma, jarA, mRtyu, vyAdhi, pIDA, -hAni, lAbha, sAMsArika sukha, duHkha tathA zubhAzubha aSTavidha karma Adi nahIM hote| usa samaya AtmA niraMjana, nirAkAra, azarIrI, akarma (karmarahita), AvAgamana se rahita amUrta pUrNa zuddha hotI hai| saMsAra tathA saMsArI (azuddha) dazA kA mukhya kAraNa : karma zuddha yA azuddha jitanI bhI avasthAe~ haiM ve dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla evaM pudgala Adi SaDdravyoM meM se jIva tathA pudgala dravya meM hI pAI jAtI haiM, anya dravyoM meM nhiiN| isI prakAra jIvoM meM zuddha aura azuddha dazA kA jo aMtara kiyA jAtA hai, vaha karma rUpa apekSA se kiyA jAtA hai| darzanazAstroM meM do prakAra ke nimitta mAne gaye haiM / eka sAdhAraNa nimitta yAnI nimitta hote haiN| jaise jIvoM kI gati - agati meM sahAyaka dharma-adharma dravya taTastha nimitta hai / AkAza dravya use avakAza dene meM taTastha sahAyaka hai, tathA kAla dravya samaya Adi ke jJAna vastuoM ke parivartana ko samajhane meM taTastha nimitta banatA hai| dUsare sahakArI nimitta hote haiM, jo kisI kArya meM pratyakSa sahakArI banate haiM / jaise ghaDe kI utpatti meM kuMbhakAra aura kapaDe kI utpatti meM bunakara julAhA pratyakSa sahakArI nimitta haiM / prazna hotA hai jIva kI isa azuddha dazA yA saMsAra dazA athavA baddha dazA (avasthA) kA mukhya kAraNa asAdhAraNa nimitta kaunasA hai ? kaunasA aisA kAraNa yA tattva hai, jisake kAraNa jIva ko nAnA gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karanA paDatA hai / vibhinna sukha - duHkhAdi rUpa phala bhogane paDate haiM? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- jIva kI isa saMsAra dazA kA mukhya kAraNa karma hai| darzana kA mUrdhanya graMtha brahmasUtra meM 36 saMsAra ko anAdi mAnakara karma kA usake sAtha kArya

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83 kAraNa bhAva svIkAra kiyA hai| bIja aura aMkura kI taraha karma aura saMsAra ko zAMkara bhASya meM37 batAyA gayA hai| isa para se bhI saMsAra kA mukhya kAraNa karma hI siddha hotA hai| saMsAra aura karma kA anvaya-vyatireka saMbaMdha hai| jahA~-jahA~ karma hai vahA~-vahA~ saMsAra hai, aura jahA~ karma nahIM hai vahA~ saMsAra nahIM hai| jaba taka ina donoM kA saMbaMdha banA rahegA taba taka saMsAra kA cakra aura karma kA cakra donoM sAtha-sAtha avirata rUpa se ghUmate rheNge| saMsAra samudra se pAra hone ke lie ratnatraya kI sAdhanA rUpI naukA dvArA pAra kiyA jAtA hai|38 saMsAra cakra aura karma cakra ke avinAbhAvI saMbaMdha ko vistRta rUpa se spaSTa karate hue paMcAstikAya meM bhI isI bAta kA ullekha hai| sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI batAyA hai ki karmoM kA yaha pravAha abhavya jIvoM kI apekSA se anAdi anaMta hai aura bhavya jIvoM kI apekSA se anAdi sAnta hai|39 vairAgyazataka meM bhI bhatRhari ne saMsAra ke sukha duHkha kI dvaMdAtmaka sthiti ko dekhakara likhA hai| na jAne isa saMsAra meM kyA amRtamaya hai aura kyA viSamaya hai|40 adhyAtmasAra meM bhI saMsAra ko duHkhamaya batAyA hai|41 isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM yahI bAta batAI hai ki isa saMsAra meM jitane bhI avidyAvAn puruSa haiM, ve apane lie svayaM duHkha utpanna karate haiM, aura mUDha banakara anaMta saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate haiN|42 bhagavadgItA meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki 'jo vyakti saddharma meM zraddhArahita haiM ve mujhe prApta na hokara janma mRtyu rUpa saMsAra cakra meM karmavazAt bhramaNa karate haiN'|43 ata: jaina darzana dvArA pratipAdita yahI siddhAMta satya hai ki jIva hI apane-apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke dvArA apane-apane saMsAra kA kartA-bhoktA hai, aura karma kSaya evaM karma nirodha ke dvArA svayaM hI vaha karmoM se mukta hotA hai| usakI saMsArAvasthA kA mUla kAraNa karma hI hai| ataeva jahA~ saMsAra hai, vahA~ karma avazyaMbhAvI hai|44 mahAbhArata meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai|45 karma astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - punarjanma ko mAne binA vartamAna jIvana kI yathArtha vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hai| jIvana kA svarUpa jo vartamAna meM dikhatA hai vaha vahA~ taka sImita nahIM hai; apitu usakA saMbaMdha anaMta bhUtakAla, aura anaMta bhaviSya ke sAtha juDA huA hai| vartamAna jIvana to usa anaMta zrRMkhalA kI kaDI hai| bhArata meM jitane bhI Astika darzana haiM ve saba punarjanma aura pUrvajanma kI vizada carcA karate haiN| punarjanma aura pUrvajanma ko mAne binA vartamAna jIvana kI yathArtha vyAkhyA nahIM ho sktii| punarjanma aura pUrvajanma ko na mAnA jAye to isa janma aura pichale janmoM meM kiye hue zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala kI vyAkhyA bhI nahIM ho sktii|46

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84 pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kyoM mAne ? agara pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ye donoM na hoM taba to yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki karma janma-janmAMtara taka phala dete haiM aura jaba taka jIva mukta nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka ve avicchinna rUpa se usake sAtha saMlagna rahate haiM, kintu bhAratIya darzanoM ke itihAsa kA adhyayana karane se . yaha tathya sUrya ke prakAza kI taraha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kevala cArvAka darzana ko choDakara zeSa sabhI darzanoM ne karma kI siddhi ke lie pUrvajanma aura punarjanma donoM ko eka mata se mAnA hai| sabhI bhAratIya Astika darzana isa tathya se pUrNatayA sahamata haiM ki 'apane kiye hue karmoM kA phala bhoge binA karoDoM kalpoM taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karanA paDatA haiN'| 47 kucha karma isa prakAra ke hote haiM, jinakA phala isI janma meM aura kabhI-kabhI tatkAla mila jAtA hai, kintu kucha karma isa prakAra ke hote haiM, jinakA phala isa janma meM nahIM mila pAtA, agale janma meM yA phira kaI janmoM ke bAda milatA hai| pratyeka prANI kI jIvana yAtrA - aneka janmoM taka kaI bAra hama dekhate haiM ki eka atIva sajjana nItimAna evaM dharmiSTha vyakti satkArya ... karane para bhI isa janma meM unake phala svarUpa sukha nahIM pAtA, jaba ki eka durjana, adharmI aura pApI vyakti kukRtya karane para bhI isa janma meM loka vyavahAra kI dRSTi se sukha aura saMpannatA prApta kara letA hai| aisI paristhiti ko dekhakara vartamAna yuga ke nAstika athavA karmasiddha rahasya se anabhijJa kaI vyakti yaha kaha baiThate haiM- 'karma vijJAna meM bar3A aMdhera hai / anyathA dharma duHkhI aura pApI sukhI kyoM hotA?' isake samAdhAna ke lie karma vijJAna ke marmajJa kahate haiM kisI bhI prANI kI jIvana yAtrA kevala isI janma taka sImita nahIM hai / usakI jIvana yAtrA Age bhI, karma mukta hone se pahale kaI janmoM taka cala sakatI hai| yaha janma usakI jIvana yAtrA kA aMtima par3Ava nahIM hai| isalie sukarmoM yA duSkarmoM kA phala to avazyameva milatA hai| isa janma meM nahIM to, agale janma meM / katipaya kRtakarmoM kA phala isa janma meM milatA hai aura kaI karmoM kA phala agale janma meM prApta hotA hai / jina karmoM kA phala isa janma meM nahIM milatA unake phala bhoga ke lie karma saMyukta prANI karmavazAta pUrvavartI sthUla zarIra ko choDakara uttaravartI nayA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai / 'bhagavadgItA' isa tathya ko spaSTatayA abhivyakta kiyA hai "jaise vastra phaTa jAne yA jIrNa-zIrNa ho jAne para dehadhArI jIva unakA tyAga karake naye vastra dhAraNa karatA hai usI prakAra zarIra ke jIrNa-zIrNa ho jAne para vyakti use choDakara nayeye zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai" / 48

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85 AtmA ke dvArA pUrvavartI zarIra ko choDakara uttaravartI nUtana zarIra dhAraNa karanA pUrvajanma kahalAtA hai aura isa janma kA zarIra kA AyuSya pUrNa hone para karmAnusAra agale janma kA zarIra kA AyuSya dhAraNa karanA punarjanma kahalAtA hai aura pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma ko bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne punarbhava, pUrvabhava, janmAMtara, pretyabhAva, paraloka paryAya parivartana tathA bhavAMtara bhI kahA hai|49 pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke samaya zarIra naSTa hotA hai AtmA nahIM . pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke sAtha-sAtha yaha siddhAMta avazya dhyAna meM rakhanA hai ki, pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke samaya ukta prANI kI AtmA nahIM badalatI kevala zarIra aura usase saMbaMdhita sajIva nirjIva padArtha kA saMyoga karmAnusAra badalatA hai| AtmA kA kadApi vinAza nahIM hotA, usakI paryAyoM meM parivartana hotA hai| pUrva paryAya meM jo AtmA thI, vahI uttara paryAya meM bhI rahatI hai| mRtyu kA artha sthUla zarIra kA vinaSTa honA hai, AtmA kA naSTa honA nhiiN| jaisA ki - paMcAstikAya meM batAyA gayA hai zarIra-dhArI manuSya rUpa se naSTa hokara deva hotA hai athavA nAraka Adi anya koI hotA hai, paraMtu ubhayatra usakA jIvabhAva (Atmatva) naSTa nahIM hotA. aura na hI vaha (AtmA) anyarUpa meM utpanna hotA hai|50 alpajJoM ko janma se pUrva evaM mRtyu ke bAda kI avasthA kA patA nahIM bahudhA hama dekhate haiM ki jIva do avasthAoM se gujaratA hai, vaha janma letA hai, yaha prathama avasthA hai aura eka dina mara jAtA hai, yaha dvitIya avasthA hai| janma aura maraNa kI donoM avasthAe~ parokSa nahIM haiM, hamAre sAmane pratyakSa haiN| prANiyoM meM sarvazreSTha, buddhimAna aura vicArazIla mAnava hajAroM lAkhoM varSoM se yaha ciMtana karatA A rahA hai ki janma se pUrva vaha kyA thA? aura mRtyu ke pazcAt vaha kyA banegA? vaidika kAla ke RSiyoM meM prAraMbhika yugoM meM isakI jijJAsA tIvra rahI hai ki51 "maiM kauna hU~ ? athavA kaisA hU~ ? maiM jAna nahIM paataa|" AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM hI nahIM, vizva ke viSaya meM bhI Rgveda ke RSiyoM kI zaMkA thii|52 'vizva kA yaha mUla tattva taba asat nahIM thA yA sat nahIM thA, kauna jAne!' janma se pUrva aura mRtyu ke pazcAt' maiM kauna thA, kyA banU~gA? kahA~ jAU~gA?53 ina praznoM ko isI saMdarbha se samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA gyaa| ina praznoM kA samAdhAna una mahApuruSoM ne kiyA, jo vItarAga sarvajJa sarvadarzI evaM pratyakSajJAnI the| jinhoMne svayaM anubhava aura sAkSAtkAra kara liyA thA jIvana aura mRtyu kaa| AcArAMga sUtra meM isI saMdarbha meM isa yuga ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke udgAra haiM- saMsAra meM kaI logoM ko yaha saMjJA (samyakjJAna) nahIM hotA ki 'maiM pUrva dizA se AyA hU~, dakSiNa dizA se AyA hU~, adhodizA se AyA hU~ athavA anya dizA se AyA hU~ yA anudizA se AyA huuN|'

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86 ___ isI prakAra kaI logoM ko yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki merI AtmA aupapAtika (punarjanma karanevAlI hai, athavA pUrva janma se AI) hai athavA maiM kauna thA athavA maiM yahA~ se cyuta hokara AyuSya samApta hote hI (marakara) AgAmI loka (paraloka) meM kyA houuNgaa|54 pratyakSa jJAniyoM dvArA kathita pUrvajanma-punarjanma vRttAnta pratyakSajJAnI tIrthaMkaroM tathA unake gaNadharoM vizeSata: zrI gautamasvAmI, sudharmAsvAmI Adi ne evaM pazcAdvartI jJAnI AcArya evaM munivaroM ne aneka zAstroM evaM graMthoM meM pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ko siddha karane vAle ghaTanAcakroM kA yatra tatra ullekha kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama hameM Avazyaka niyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, AvazyakacUrNI, Avazyaka haribhadrIyavRtti, Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti, caupannamahApurisacariyaM meM milatA hai| kalpasUtra (A. bhadrabAhu svAmI) racita TIkAoM meM varNita bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke tIrthaMkara bhava se pUrva 27 bhavoM kA varNana pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI mu~ha bolatI kahAnI hai|55 __bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke dasa bhavoM kA varNana bhI kalpasUtra TIkA, triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra Adi zAstroM evaM graMthoM meM milatA hai| isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke sAtha kaI janmoM taka janma maraNa ke rUpa meM kamaTha kI vaira paraMparA cAlu rhii| yaha ghaTanA cakra bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ko asaMdigdha rUpa meM ujAgara karatI hai|56 pArzvanAtha caritra meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai|57 isI prakAra satI rAjImatI ke sAtha ariSTanemi tIrthaMkara kA pichale nau janmoM kA sneha thaa| tIrthaMkara janma meM unheM nau janmoM kI smRti huii| yaha caritra bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI siddhi kI abhivyakti karatA hai58 aura bhI RSabhadeva, zAMtinAtha, mallinAtha Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko svIkAra karane ko bAdhya karatA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSa meM bhI yahI bAta hai|59 jJAtAdharma kathA meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai|60 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI antima dezanA uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM varNita kaI adhyayanoM meM pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI smRti kA ullekha spaSTa kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA 9vaoN adhyayana bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA sAkSI hai isameM devaloka se manuSya loka meM Aye hue namirAjA kA moha upazAMta hone para pUrvajanma ke smaraNa kA tathA anuttara dharma meM svayaM saMbuddha hokara pravrajita hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai|61 . uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA 14 vA~ adhyayana ikSukAra rAjA kA hai yaha adhyayana pUrvajanma kI siddhi ke lie paryApta hai| isa adhyayana meM bhRgupurohita ke donoM putra ko apane pUrvajanma kA

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87 tathA usa janma meM Acarita tapa, saMyama kA smaraNa karake virakta hone kA spaSTa varNana hai|62 ___ uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 18 adhyayana saMjIya adhyayana meM to spaSTata: punarjanma aura zubhAzubha karmoM kA anyonyAzraya saMbaMdha rUpa gaThabaMdhana batAte hue kahA gayA hai- 'jo sukhada yA du:khada karma jisa vyakti ne kiye haiM vaha apane kRtakarmAnusAra punarjanma pAtA hai|'63 - isake pazcAt 19vA~ adhyayana mRgAputrIya meM bhI pUrvajanma ke astitva ko spaSTata: siddha karatA hai| isameM mRgAputra pUrvajanma kA tathA devaloka ke bhava meM pUrvajanma meM Acarita zramaNa dharma kA smaraNa karatA hai, sAtha hI naraka aura tiryaMcagati meM prApta huI bhayaMkara vedanAoM aura yAtanAoM ko sahana karane kA bhI varNana karatA hai|64 isake atirikta sukhavipAkasUtra aura duHkhavipAka sUtra meM to pUrvakRta zubha (puNya) aura azubha (pApa) karmoM ke phalasvarUpa prApta hue sukhada duHkhada janma kA tathA usake pazcAt usa janma meM arjita zubhAzubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa agale janma meM svarga naraka prApti rUpa phala vipAka kA nirUpaNa subAhukumAra Adi kI vizada kathAoM dvArA spaSTa rUpa se abhivyakta kiyA hai|65 isake atirikta samarAditya kevalI kI kathA bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma saMbaMdhI aneka ghaTanAoM se paripUrNa hai| samarAditya ke sAtha-sAtha dveSavaza unakA virodhI lagAtAra kaI janmoM taka vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma lekara vaira kA badalA vasUla karatA hai| udhara samarAditya bhI pUrvakRta zubha karmavaza sAtvika evaM pavitra kuloM meM janma lekara, sAdhanAzIla bana jAne para bhI azubha karmavaza bAra-bAra vairI dvArA kaSTa pAte haiN| pratyeka bhava meM kucha maMda kaSAya eva maMda rAgadveSa se tathA zubhabhAva se kaSTa sahakara pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala bhogakara dhIre-dhIre karma kSaya karate jAte haiN| kaI janmoM taka yaha silasilA calatA hai| __ isa prakAra cAra ghAti karmoM ko kSaya kara ke vItarAga kevalI bana jAte haiN| aura aMta meM zeSa rahe zarIra se saMbaMdha cAra aghAti karmoM ko bhI kSaya karake zuddha buddha mukta ho jAte haiN|66 jainAcAryoM dvArA racita jaina kathAoM meM prAya: pratyakSajJAnI (avadhijJAnI yA mana:paryAyajJAnI) se apane dvArA kRtakarmoM ke phalasvarUpa duHkha pAne ke kAraNoM kI pRcchA karane para ve usake pUrvajanmoM kI ghaTanA prastuta karate haiN| jaise satI aMjanA, caMdanabAlA, draupadI, subhadrA, kuMtI damayaMtI, prabhAvatI, kalAvatI Adi satiyoM ko jo bhayaMkara kaSTa sahane paDe, unake pIche bhI pUrvajanma kRtakarmoM kA phala hai yaha pratyeka satI kI jIvanagAthA se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai|67 pratyakSajJAniyoM dvArA jo bhI kathana pUrvajanma aura punarjanma saMbaMdhI hotA thaa| usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA rAga-dveSa IrSAvaza yA kaSAyavaza koI bhI bAta nahIM kahate the| unake lie pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA apalApa karane yA asatya kahane kA koI prazna hI nahIM thaa|

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Apta kA lakSaNa bhI yahI hai- jo vItarAga ho, aThAraha doSoM se rahita ho, sarvajJa ho, sarva hitaiSI ho|68 sarvajJa vItarAga prabhuvacanoM se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma aura karma kA avinAbhAvI saMbaMdha isake atirikta AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, vipAkasUtra, niriyAvalikAdi zAstroM meM bhI pratyakSajJAnI Apta puruSoM ne, sarvajJane yahI pratidhvanita kiyA hai- ki jo AtmavAdI hotA hai, vaha lokavAdI avazya hotA hai arthAt vaha ihaloka-paraloka yA svarga-naraka, manuSyaloka-tiryaMca loka ko avazya mAnatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM punarjanma ko asaMdigdha rUpa se mAnatA hai| karmoM ke kAraNa hI kArmaNa zarIra yukta AtmA kA ihaloka aura paraloka meM AvAgamana hotA hai| isa prakAra pratyakSajJAniyoM ke vacanoM se pUrvajanma aura purnajanma kA astitva siddha hone se karma kA astitva bhI ni:saMdeha rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai| pratyakSa jJAniyoM aura bhAratIya maniSiyoM dvArA punarjanma kI siddhi pratyakSajJAniyoM ne to punarjanma aura pUrvajanma ke viSaya meM spaSTa udghoSaNA kI hai| unako mAne binA na to AtmA kA avinAzitva siddha hotA hai aura na hI saMsArI jIvoM ke sAtha karma kA anaaditv| bhAratIya manISiyoM ne to hajAroM varSa pUrva apanI arntadRSTi se isa tathya ko jAna liyA thA aura AgamoM, vedoM, dharmagraMthoM, purANoM, upaniSadoM, smRtiyoM Adi meM isakA spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA hai| ____ kucha loga bhautika zarIra kI mRtyu ke sAtha hI jIvana kI samApti samajha lete haiM kintu DaoN. pI. vhI. kANe ke matAnusAra isa prakAra likhA hai - 'Rgveda meM karma aura punarjanma siddhAMta kahIM nahIM milatA hai|'69 phira bhI Rgveda meM karma kA ullekha aneka bAra huA hai| anyasthAnoM meM isakA saMbaMdha yajJa Adi dhArmika kAryoM se hai| Rgveda meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa * Rgveda vaidika sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna dharmazAstra mAnA jAtA hai| usakI eka RcA meM batAyA gayA hai ki 'mRta manuSya kI A~kha sUrya ke pAsa aura AtmA vAyu ke pAsa jAtI hai, tathA yaha AtmA apane dharma ke anusAra pRthvI meM jala meM aura vanaspati meM jAtI hai'|70 isa prakAra karma aura punarjanma ke saMbaMdha kA sarvAdhika prAcIna saMketa prApta hotA hai| atharvaveda meM sukRta kA ullekha AyA hai|71 satpatha brAhmaNa pratidAna kA ullekha karatA huA pratIta hotA hai| ve punarmRtyu meM vizvAsa kA bhI ullekha karate haiN|72

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89 upaniSadoM meM karma aura punarjanma kA ullekha kaThopaniSad meM naciketA ke udgAra haiM- 'jaise annakaNa pakate haiM aura vinaSTa ho jAte haiM, phira ve punaH utpanna hote haiM, vaise hI manuSya bhI jItA hai, maratA hai aura puna: janma letA hai|73 kaThopaniSad meM yama ne naciketA ko karma aura jJAna ke anusAra punarjanma hotA hai, isa siddhAMta kI zikSA dii|74 kaThopaniSad meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki, 'AtmAe~ apane-apane karma aura zruta ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna yoniyoM meM janma letI haiN| 75 * bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM spaSTa kahA hai, mRtyu kAla meM AtmA netra, mastiSka athavA anya zarIra ke praveza meM se utkramaNa karatI hai, usa samaya vidyA (jJAna) karma aura pUrva prajJA usa AtmA kA anusaraNa karatI hai| isI upaniSad meM karma kA sarala aura sArabhUta upadeza diyA gayA hai ki, jo AtmA jaisA karma karatA hai, jaisA AcaraNa karatA hai vaisA hI vaha banatA hai| jo satkarma karatA hai to acchA banatA hai, pApa karma karane se pApI banatA hai, jaisA karma karatA hai tadanusAra vaha isa janma meM yA agale janma meM banatA hai|76 chAndogya-upaniSad meM bhI kahA hai ki jisakA AcaraNa ramaNIya hai, vaha marakara zubhayoni meM janma letA hai aura jisakA AcaraNa duSTa hotA hai, vaha cANDAla Adi azubha yoniyoM meM janma letA hai|77 . chAMdogyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki, vyakti jo zubha karma karatA hai, acchA janma pAtA hai, svAsthya pAtA hai, aura ArAmadAyaka jIvana pAtA hai aura jo asat karma karatA hai use nizcita hI burA janma milatA hai, burA svAsthya milatA hai aura kaSTadAyaka jIvana milatA hai| kArya ke anusAra AtmA ko purnajanma meM vividha avasthAe~ prApta hotI haiN| bhagavadgItA meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa __bhagavadgItA meM karmAnusAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ko siddha karane vAle aneka pramANa milate haiN| gItA meM batAyA hai ki 'AtmA kI isa deha meM kaumArya, yuvA evaM vRddhAvasthA hotI hai, vaise hI marane ke bAda anya deha kI prApti hotI hai| usa viSaya meM dhIra puruSa mohita nahIM hotaa|' Age kahA gayA hai ki, jaise manuSya purAne vastra jIrNa ho jAne para naye vastra dhAraNa karatA hai vaise hI jIvAtmA kA yaha zarIra jIrNa ho jAne para purAne zarIra ko tyAga kara naye zarIra ko pAtA hai|78 yahI bAta karmasiddhAMta ANi punarjanma meM bhI yahI kahA hai|79 'jisane janma liyA hai, usakI mRtyu nizcita hai, jo mara gayA hai, usakA puna: janma honA bhI nizcita hai| ata: isa aparihArya viSaya meM zoka karanA ucita nahIM hai|' isI prakAra zrIkRSNa

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90 ne arjuna ko saMbodhita karate hue kahA hai, 'he arjuna! mere aura tumhAre bahuta se janma vyatIta ho cuke haiM, paraMtu he paraMtapa! maiM una saba (janmoM) ko jAnatA hU~, tuma nahIM jaante|'80 ____ eka jagaha gItA meM kahA gayA hai- 'jo jJAnavAna hotA hai, vahI bahuta se janmoM ke bAda mujhe prApta karatA hai|81 he arjuna! jisa kAla meM zarIra tyAga kara gaye hue yogijana vApasa na Ane vAlI gati ko, tathA vApasa AnevAlI gati ko prApta hote haiM usa kAla ko maiM khuuNgaa|82 pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko siddha karate hue gItA meM kahA hai 'vaha usa vizAla svargaloka kA upabhoga kara puNya kSINa hone para puna: mRtyuloka meM praveza pAtA hai| karma aura punarjanma kA siddhAMta spaSTa karate hue DaoN. pI. vhI. kANe ne likhA hai ki bahuta vyakti duHkhI kyoM haiM aura bahutoM ko anapekSita sukha aura AnaMda kyoM mila rahA hai? yaha asamAnatA dekhakara hRdaya kaMpita ho jAtA hai, lekina karma siddhAMta ina sabhI tathyoM ko spaSTa karatA hai|83 bauddha darzana meM karma aura punarjanma anAtmavAdI darzana hote hue bhI bauddha darzana ne karma aura punarjanma ke siddhAMta kA samarthana kiyA hai| pAli tripiTaka meM batAyA gayA hai- karma se vipAka (karmaphala) prApta hotA hai, isa prakAra yaha saMsAra (loka) calatA hai|84 majjhimanikAya meM kahA gayA hai - kuzala (zubha) karma sugati kA aura akuzala (azubha) karma durgati kA kAraNa hotA hai|85 ___ bodhi prApta karane ke pazcAt tathAgata buddha ko apane pUrva janmoM kA smaraNa huA thaa| eka bAra unake paira meM kATA cubha jAne para unhoMne apane ziSyoM se kahA 'bhikSuo! isa janma se ikAnaveM janma pUrva merI zakti (zastra vizeSa) se eka puruSa kI hatyA ho gaI thii| usI karma ke kAraNa merA paira kAMTe se biMdhA gayA hai|86 isa prakAra bodhi ke pazcAt unhoMne apane-apane karma se prerita prANiyoM ko vividha yoniyoM meM gamanAgamana (gati-agati) karate hue pratyakSa dekhA thaa| unheM yaha jJAna ho gayA thA ki amuka prANI usake apane karmAnusAra kisa yoni meM janmegA? isa prakAra kA jJAna unake lie saMvedha anubhava thaa|87 therIgAthA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki tathAgata buddha ke kaI ziSya-ziSyAoM ko apaneapane pUrvajanmoM aura punarjanma kA jJAna thaa| RSidAsI bhikSuNI ne therIgAthA meM apane pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA mArmika varNana kiyA hai|88 dIghanikAya meM tathAgata buddha apane ziSyoM se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA rahasyodghATana

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91 karate hue kahate haiM- bhikSuo! isa prakAra dIrghakAla merA aura tumhArA yaha AvAgamana-saMsaraNa cAra Arya satyoM ke prativedha na hone se ho rahA hai|89 bauddha darzana ke anusAra isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki, punarjanma kA mUla kAraNa avidyA (jainadRSTi se bhAvakarma) hai| avidyA ke kAraNa saMskAra, saMskAra se vijJAna utpanna hotA hai| vijJAna cita kI yaha bhAvadhArA hai jo pUrva janma meM kRta kuzala-akuzala karmoM ke kAraNa hotI hai, jisake kAraNa manuSya ko A~kha, kAna Adi se saMbaMdhita anubhUti hotI hai|90 isa prakAra bauddha dharma darzana meM bhI karma aura punarjanma kA aTUTa saMbaMdha batAyA hai| - punarjanma kA tAtparya bauddha dharma meM hai| mAtra manokAyika prakriyA jo mRtyu ke samaya astaMgata ho jAtI hai aura turaMta phira jArI ho jAtI hai- darpaNa meM eka pratikRti ke samAna athavA kisI kI AvAja kI pratidhvani ke samAna vaha cetanatA kA punarjanma hai, jisa taraha mudrA aura darpaNa ke saMsparza ke mAdhyama se mUrti dikhAI detI hai| vaha vartamAna cetanatA kA mAtra dUragamana hai jo AvAntara janma se pravAhita rahatA hai|91 nyAya vaizeSika darzana meM karma aura punarjanma naiyAyika aura vaizeSika donoM AtmA ko nitya mAnate haiN| mithyAjJAna se rAgadveSa Adi doSa utpanna hote haiN| rAgadveSa Adi se dharma aura adharma, puNya aura pApa karma kI pravRtti hotI hai| isa prakAra kI pravRtti sukha duHkha ko utpanna karatI hai| nyAyasUtra meM isa tathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki mithyAjJAna se rAgadveSAdi, pravRtti aura rAgadveSAdi pravRtti ke kAraNa janma aura janma se duHkha hotA hai|92 nyAyadarzana meM bhI yaha bAta batAI hai|93 jaba taka dharmAdharma pravRttijanya saMskAra bane raheMge, taba taka zubhAzubha karmaphala bhogane ke lie janmamaraNa kA cakra calatA rahegA, jIva naye naye zarIra grahaNa karatA rhegaa| zarIra grahaNa karane meM pratikUla vedanA hone ke kAraNa duHkha kA honA anivArya hai| isa prakAra uttarottara niraMtara anuvartana hotA rahatA hai| SaDdarzana rahasya meM batAyA hai ki 'ghaDI kI taraha satata inakA anuvartana hotA rahatA hai| pravRtti hI puna: AvRtti kA kAraNa hotI hai'|94 addaSTa (karma) ke sAtha hI pUrvajanma-punarjanma kA saMbaMdha vaizeSika darzana meM zubha pravRtti janya addaSTa ko dharma aura azubhapravRtti janya addaSTa ko adharma kahA gayA hai| dharmarUpa addaSTa AtmA meM sukha paidA karatA hai aura adharmarUpa adRSTa, duHkh| vastuta: adRSTa kA kAraNa kriyA (pravRtti) ko nahIM, icchA dveSa ko mAnA gayA hai| icchA dveSa sApekSa kriyA hI adRSTa kI utpAdikA hai| ina saba yuktiyoM se nitya AtmA ke sAtha karma aura punarjanma-pUrvajanma kA avicchinna pravAha siddha hotA hai|95

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92 sAMkhya darzana meM karma aura punarjanma sAMkhyadarzana kA bhI yaha mata hai ki puruSa (AtmA) apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa nAnA yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| sAMkhyadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki yadyapi zubhAzubha karma sthUla zarIra ke dvArA kiye jAte haiM, kintu vaha (sthUla zarIra) karmoM ke saMskAroM kA adhi nahIM hai unakA adhiSThAtA hai sthUla zarIra se bhinna sUkSma zarIra / sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa pAMca jJAnendriya, pAMca tanmAtrAoM, mahatattva (buddhi) aura ahaMkAra se hotA hai / mRtyu hone para sthUla zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai, sUkSma zarIra vidyamAna rahatA hai| pratyeka saMsArI AtmA (puruSa) ke sAtha yaha sUkSma zarIra rahatA hai, ise AtmA kA liMga bhI kahate haiM / yahI punarjanma kA AdhAra hai / 96 isa prakAra sAMkhya darzana meM bhI punarjanma evaM pUrvajanma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| sAMkhyakArikA meM isa bAta kA ullekha haiM / 97 mImAMsA darzana meM karma aura punarjanma mImAMsAdarzana AtmA ko nitya mAnatA hai, isalie pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko mAnatA hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM cAra prakAra ke veda pratipAdya karma batAye gaye haiN| kAmya karma, niSiddha. karma, nitya karma aura naimittika karma / 98 taMtra vArtika 19 aura brahmasUtrazAMkara bhASya 100 meM bhI yahI bAta batAI gaI hai| yogadarzana meM karma aura punarjanma yogadarzana vyAsabhASya meM punarjanma kI siddhi karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pUrvajanma ke karmarUpa saMskAroM kA mAnanA Avazyaka / isase pUrvajanma kA astitva siddha hotA hai / 101 pAtaMjala yogadarzana meM kahA gayA hai, jIva jo kucha pravRtti karatA hai| usake saMskAra citta para par3ate haiN| ina saMskAroM ko karma saMskAra yA karmAzaya yA kevala karma kahA jAtA hai| saMskAroM meM saMyama (dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi) karane se pUrvajanma kA jJAna hotA hai| aise pUrvajanma siddha hone se punarjanma to svataH siddha ho jAtA hai| yogadarzana kA abhimata hai ki jo karma adRSTajanya vedanIya hote haiM, ve apanAphala isa janma meM nahIM dete, unakA phala AgAmI janma meM milatA / nAraka aura deva ke karma adRSTajanya vedanIya hote haiN| isa para se bhI punarjanma phalita hotA hai / 102 yogadarzana vyAsabhASya meM isI bAta kA ullekha hai / 103 mahAbhArata meM pUrvajanma aura punarjanma mahAbhArata meM batAyA gayA hai ki 'kisI bhI AtmA dvArA kiyA huA pUrvakRta karma niSphala nahIM jAtA, na hI vaha usI janma meM samApta ho jAtA hai, kintu jisa prakAra hajAroM gAyoM meM se bachaDA apanI mA~ ko jAna letA hai, usake pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai, usI prakAra pUrvakRta

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93 karma bhI apane kartA kA anugamana karake AgAmI janma meM usake pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai| vartamAna janma meM kiye hue karma apanA phala dene ke rUpa meM AgAmI janma (punarjanma) meM usI AtmA kA anugamana karate haiN| ___ isa prakAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA silasilA taba taka calatA hai, jaba taka vaha AtmA (jIva) karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya na kara ddaale|104 manusmRti meM punarjanma ke astitva kI siddhi manusmRti meM batAyA gayA hai ki navajAta zizu meM jo bhaya, harSa, zoka, rudana Adi kriyAe~ hotI haiM unakA isa janma meM to usane bilkula hI anubhava nahIM kiyaa| ata: mAnanA hogA ki ye saba kriyAe~ usa zizu ke pUrvajanma kRta abhyAsa yA anubhava se hI saMbhava haiN| ata: ukta pUrvajanmakRta abhyAsa kI smRti se punarjanma kI siddhi hotI hai|105 pUrvajanma ke vaira virodha kI smRti se punarjanma kI siddhi __ jaina siddhAMtAnusAra nAraka jIvoM ko avadhijJAna (mithyA ho yA samyak) janma se hI hotA hai| usake prabhAva se unheM pUrvajanma kI smRti hotI hai| nArakIya jIva pUrvabhava ke vaira virodha Adi kA smaraNa karake eka-dUsare nAraka ko dekhate hI kuttoM kI taraha paraspara laDate haiM, eka-dUsare para jhapaTate aura prahAra karate haiN| eka dUsare ko kATate aura nocate haiN| isa prakAra ve eka dUsare ko duHkhita karate haiM, aura pUrvabhava meM kie hue vaira Adi kA smaraNa karane se unakA vaira dRDhatara ho jAtA hai| __nArakIya jIvoM kI pUrvajanma kI smRti se punarjanma kA astitva siddha hotA hai|106 sarvArthasiddhi107 TIkA meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai| rAgadveSAtmaka pravRtti se pUrvajanma siddhi prAya: jIvoM meM pahale kisI ke sikhAye binA hI sAMsArika padArthoM ke prati svata: rAgadveSa, moha, droha, Asakti, ghRNA Adi pravRttiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| ye pravRttiyA~ pUrvajanma meM abhyasta yA prazikSita hogI, tabhI isa janma meM unake saMskAra yA smrnn| isa janma meM choTe bacce meM bhI parilakSita hote haiN|108 vAtsyAyana meM isa viSaya para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AtmA kI nityatA se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma siddhi zarIra kI utpatti aura vinAza ke sAtha AtmA utpanna aura vinAza nahIM hotaa| AtmA to (karmavazAt) eka zarIra ko choDakara dUsare naye zarIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai| yahI punarjanma

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hai| pUrva zarIra kA tyAga mRtyu hai aura naye zarIra ko dhAraNa karanA janma hai| agara vartamAna zarIra ke nAza evaM naye zarIra kI utpatti ke sAtha-sAtha nitya AtmA kA nAza aura utpatti mAnI jAye to kRtahAna (kiye hue karmoM kI phala prApti kA nAza) aura akRtAbhyupagama (nahIM kiye hue karmoM kA phala bhoga) doSa aaegaa| sAtha hI usa AtmA ke dvArA kI gaI ahiMsAdi kI sAdhanA vyartha jaaegii| AtmA kI nityatA ke isa siddhAMta para se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma siddha ho hI jAtA hai| jaina darzana to AtmA ko dhruva, nitya, zAzvata, avinAzI, akSaya, avyaya evaM trikAla sthAI mAnatA hai|109 , pAzcAtya dArzanika graMthoM meM punarjanma pazcima jarmana vaijJAnika DaoN. loyara vidjala ne likhA hai ki mRtyu se pUrva manuSya kI antazcetanA itanI saMvedanazIla ho jAtI hai ki vaha taraha-taraha ke citra vicitra dRzya dekhane lagatA hai| ye dRzya usakI dhArmika AsthAoM ke anurUpa hote haiM, arthAt jisa vyakti kA jisa dharma meM lagAva hotA hai, use usa dharma, mata yA paMtha kI mAnyatAnusAra maraNottara jIvana meM yA mRtyu se pUrva vaisI hI AkRti evaM jyortimaya prakAza dikhAI detA hai| udA. hinduoM ko yamadUta yA devadUta dikhAI dete haiN| musalamAnoM ko apane dharmazAstroM meM ullekhita aneka prakAra kI jhAkiyA~ dikhatI haiN| IsAioM ko bhI usI prakAra bAibila meM varNita pavitra AtmAoM yA divyalokoM ke darzana yA anubhava hote haiN|110 pAzcAtya dezoM ke kaI loga, jinheM vyaktigata rUpa se kisI dharma yA mata vizeSa ke prati AkarSaNa yA lagAva nahIM thA, aise anubhavoM se gujare mAno eka divya jyotirmaya AkRti unake samakSa prakaTa huI ho| ___ pAzcAtya dArzanika gehe phiza, zoliMga, lesiMga Adi ne apane graMthoM meM punarjanma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| pleTo ne apanI eka pustaka meM likhA hai- 'jIvAtmAoM kI saMkhyA nizcita hai (unameM ghaTa baDha nahIM hotI) mRtyu ke bAda naye janma ke samaya kisI naye jIvAtmA kA sRjana nahIM hotA, varan eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM pratyAvartana hotA rahatA hai|' livanIja ne apanI pustaka 'dI AyaDiyala philosaoNphI oNpha libarTIja' meM likhA hai, 'merA vizvAsa hai ki manuSya isa jIvana se pahale bhI rahA hai|' prasiddha vicAraka lessiMga apanI prakhyAta pustaka 'dI DivAina ejyukezana oNpha dI hyumana resa' meM likhate haiM, 'vikAsa kA uccatama lakSya eka hI jIvana meM pUrA nahIM ho jAtA, varan kaI janmoM ke krama se pUrNa hotA hai| manuSya ne aneka bAra janma liyA hai aura aneka bAra legaa|111

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95 IsA masIha ne eka bAra apane ziSyoM se kahA thA- 'maiM jIvana hU~ aura punarjIvana bhI hai, jo merA vizvAsa karatA hai, sadA jIvita rahegA, bhale hI vaha zarIra se mara cukA hI kyoM na ho|' yaha kathana punarjanma ke astitva ko dhvanita karatA hai| bAibila kI eka kathA meM bhI jIvana kI zAzvatatA ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai- 'mRtyu dekhane ke lie hI jIvana kA anta hai| vastuta: koI maratA nahIM, jIvana zAzvata hai|' 112 yahUdI vidvAna solamana ne likhA hai 'isa jIvana ke bAda bhI eka jIvana hai| deha miTTI meM milakara eka dina samApta ho jAyegI, phira bhI jIvana aMtakAla taka yathAvat banA rhegaa|' eka bAra pleTo ne sukarAta se pUchA- 'Apa sabhI vidyArthiyoM ko eka sarIkhA pATha dete haiM, paraMtu koI vidyArthI use eka bAra meM koI do bAra meM aura koI tIna bAra meM sIkha pAtA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa hai?' sukarAta ne samAdhAna kiyA- 'jina vidyArthiyoM ne pahale (pUrvajanma meM) abhyAsa kiyA hai, ve usa pATha ko zIghra samajha lete haiM, jinhoMne kama abhyAsa kiyA hai, ve thoDA kama sIkha pAte haiM, aura jinhoMne abhI (isa janma meM) sIkhanA prAraMbha kiyA hai ve bahuta adhika samaya ke bAda sIkha samajha pAte haiN|' isa saMvAda meM pUrva kA nyUnAdhika abhyAsa pUrvajanma ko siddha karatA hai|113 DaoN. liTjara, DaoN. mUDI aura DaoN. zmiTa Adi jina-jina pAzcAtya vaijJAnikoM ne jitanI bhI mRtyu pUrva tathA maraNottara ghaTanAoM ke deza-videza ke vivaraNa saMkalita kiye haiM una sabakA sAra yaha thA ki mRtyu jIvana kA aMta nahI hai| mRtyu ke samaya kevala AtmacetanA hI zarIra se pRthaka hotI hai|' isase bhAratIya manISiyoM kI isa vicAradhArA kI puSTi hotI hai ki mRtyu kA artha jIvana ke astitva kA aMta nahIM hai| jIvana to eka zAzvata satya hai usake astitva kA na to Adi hai na aNt|114 pUrvajanma aura punarjanma mAnava jAti ke lie AdhyAtmika upahAra ____ punarjanma aura pUrvajanma kA svIkAra karanA mAnava jAti kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai| isake binA parivAra samAja evaM rASTra meM naitika AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko sthira nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ata: isa tathya ko jAnakara AtmA kA astitva zarIra tyAga ke bAda bhI banA rahegA, vaha janma janmAMtara meM saMcita zubhAzubha karmoM ko sAtha lekara agale janma meM dhArAvAhika rUpa se calate rahate haiN| ata: isa janma meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM palabhara bhI pramAda na karake zreSThatA kI dizA meM kadama baDhAnA caahie| punarjanmavAdI mAnanevAlA yadi isa jIvana kA uttama DhaMga se nirmANa kare to agalA jIvana bhI uttama bana sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke namipravajyA adhyayana meM isI tathya ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| punarjanma meM dRDha vizvAsI namirAjarSi ne jaba uttama jIvana nirmANa meM bAdhaka rAga-dveSa kAma-krodhAdi

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96 ko jAnakara una para vijaya prApta kara lI, taba indra ne unakI vibhinna prakAra se parIkSA kI, usameM uttIrNa hone para prazaMsAtmaka svara meM indra ne kahA- 'bhagavAna! Apa isa loka meM bhI uttama hai, AgAmI (paraloka) meM bhI uttama hoMge, aMta meM karmamala se rahita hokara Apa loka ke sarvottama sthAna siddhi (mukti-mokSa) ko prApta kreNge|115 parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi se punarjanma aura karma pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna dArzanikoM, pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dharmagraMthoM meM batAye hue pramANoM se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai tathA jaina darzana ke anusAra Apta puruSoM (pratyakSajJAniyoM) ke vacana bhI prastuta kiye haiN| phira bhI alpajJAniyoM ke samakSa jo bhI pramANa, yuktiyA~, tarka, Apta vacana Adi rakhe haiM unakI dRSTi meM ye sabhI bAteM hRdaya grAhI nahIM haiM kyoMki pUrvajanma aura punarjanma meM buddhi aura tarka ke dvArA antima nirNaya nahIM hotA, isa hetu parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne isa zAzvat prazna ko samAhita karane kA bIDA utthaayaa| pAzcAtya jagata meM maraNottara jIvana ke viSaya meM carcAvicAraNA kaI varSoM pUrva mAitholojI, majahaba, meTAphijiksa aura philosaoNphI kA viSaya thA, kintu pichale 60 varSoM se pAzcAtya dezoM meM tathA bhArata meM isa dizA meM parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne paryApta anusaMdhAna aura prayoga kiye haiM aura unake prayoga saphala bhI hue haiN| parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne pUrvajanma kI smRti jina jina bAlakoM meM hotI thI unakA sAkSAtkAra kiyA, unake pUrva janma ke nAma, sthAna, saMbaMdho tathA vRttAMtoM kI svayaM jA~ca kii| pUrNatayA usa ghaTanA kI pramANikatA kI jA~ca karane ke bAda unhoMne niSkarSa prastuta kiye| inameM aise baccoM kI bhI ghaTanAe~ haiM, jina baccoM ke mAtA-pitA yA vaMza paraMparA meM punarjanma ko sAmAnyatayA nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| una baccoM ne jo pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI bAteM batAI, ve sacamuca Azcaryacakita karane vAlI haiN|116 jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra117 akhaMDa jyoti118 meM bhI isakA ullekha hai| AtmA aura karma ko asvIkAra karane vAle tathA pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko nahIM mAnane vAle jina jina logoM ne una ghaTanAoM kI gaharI jA~ca kI, parIkSA kI una baccoM kA bhI pratyakSa sAkSAtkAra kiyA, aura aMta meM unheM svIkAra karanA par3A ki AtmA hai, karma hai aura pUrvajanma-punarjanma bhI hai| una satya ghaTanAoM ko ve asatya kaise siddha kara pAte? una bAlakoM ke mu~ha se kahI huI pUrvajanma kI bAteM sahI niklii| ina parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne samasta parokSa jJAniyoM ke tarko, yuktiyoM pramANa evaM Apta vacanoM ko bahuta pIche choDa diyA, pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAoM ke anusaMdhAna se unhoMne pratyakSavat saba kucha siddha kara btaayaa| isase pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke viSaya meM jo bhI tarka tathA

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97 anubhava Adi prastuta kiye gaye the ve nirarthaka nahIM hue| balki unakI sArthakatA aura puSTi meM cAra cA~da laga gaye / parAmanovijJAna vijJAna kI hI eka zAkhA hai| sarvaprathama AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karane hetu manovaijJAnika ne pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko jAnane kA prayatna kiyA, unake isa kArya ko Age baDhAne ke lie parAmanovaijJAnika Age Aye / parAmanovaijJAnika dvArA prastuta cAra tathya unhoMne pratyakSa prayoga karake pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ko siddha karane ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA ke anAditva ko aura pravAharUpa se karma ke anAditva ko bhI siddha kara diyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, parAmanovijJAna ne vividha ghaTanAoM kI jA~ca karake cAra tathya prastuta kiye haiM 1) kisI kisI ko mRtyu hone se pUrva athavA kisI ko akasmAta hI bhaviSya meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanA kA pahale se hI AbhAsa ( pUrvAbhAsa) ho jAtA hai / 2) bhaviSya ke jJAna kI taraha atIta (pUrvajanma) kA bhI jJAna ho sakatA hai| 3) kucha logoM ko kisI bhI prakAra kA mAdhyama binA pratyakSa jJAna ho jAtA hai arthAt kisI bhI vastu yA vyakti ke viSaya meM vaha sAkSAt jAna letA hai| 4) binA kisI mAdhyama ke eka vyakti hajAroM kosoM dUra baiThe hue vyakti ko apane vicAra preSita kara sakatA hai / 119 punarjanma, AtmA aura karma ke astitva kI siddhi parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA prayoga siddha ina cAra tathyoM ke AdhAra para una logoM ko bhI yaha socane ke lie bAdhya honA paDA jo yaha mAnate the ki mRtyu ke bAda jIvana nahIM hai| AtmA aura karma kA astitva nahIM hai yA AtmA aura karma isa janma taka hI hai, unakA cirakAla sthAyitva nahIM hai| kucha dharmavAle punarjanma ko nahIM mAnate haiM, isalie yadi koI bAlaka taraha kI bAteM kareM to use zaitAna kA prakopa samajhakara use DarA dhamakAkara usakA mu~ha baMda kara dete, paraMtu mithyA kalpanA aMdhavizvAsa aura kiMvadantiyoM kI sImAoM ko toDakara prAmANika vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye anveSaNoM se aisI ghaTanAe~ sAmane AtI rahatI haiM, jinase pUrvajanma * aura punarjanma donoM tathya bhalIbhA~ti siddha ho jAte haiM / parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne unakI A~khe qhola dI haiM, aura unheM yaha mAnane ko bAdhya honA paDatA hai ki pUrvajanma bhI hai aura punarjanma bhI hai| AtmA aura karma kA astitva cirasthAyI hai / 120

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98 sabhI dharmoM meM pUrvajanma kI siddhi IsAI, musalamAna, jaina, bauddha, hiMdu Adi sabhI dharma paraMparA ke baccoM kI pUrvajanma aura purnajanma kI smRti kI ghaTanAe~ parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne ekatra kI haiM aura una para paryApta jA~ca paDatAla karane ke pazcAt ve sabhI ghaTanAe~ satya siddha huI / isa para se parAmanovaijJAnikoM kA kathana hai ki 'pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA siddhAMta upahAsAspada, bhrAntiyukta yA aMdhavizvAsa pUrNa nahIM hai apitu yaha satya aura pratyakSa anubhava ke dharAtala para sthita akATya siddhAMta hai|' kucha varSoM pUrva gItApresa gorakhapura se prakAzita kalyANa (mAsikapatra) ke punarjanma vizeSAMka meM deza videza ke sabhI dharmaparaMparA ke bAlakoM kI pUrvajanma smRti se saMbaMdhita Azcaryajanaka evaM rocaka saccI ghaTanAe~ chapI haiN| ina sabhI ghaTanAoM para pAzcAtya vicArakoM ko bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke siddhAMta ke adhyayana kI ora AkarSita kiyA hai / 121 kalyANa mAsika patra meM bhI isa bAta kA ullekha hai / 122 pUrvajanma kI smRti kaise kaise logoM ko hotI hai? pUrvajanma kA smaraNa kisa prakAra ke logoM ko rahatA hai, isa saMbaMdha meM DaoN. sTIvesana Adi parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne batAyA ki jinakI mRtyu pracaNDa bhayaMkara AvAja sunakara yA agnizastra dekhakara athavA bijalI girane Adi ke bhaya, AzaMkA, abhiruci, buddhimattA, uttejanAtmaka Avezagrasta manaH sthiti meM huI ho, unheM pichale janma kI smRti adhika spaSTa hotI hai, athavA durghaTanA, hatyA, AtmahatyA, atRpti, kAtaratA, udvignatA athavA mohagrasta yukata 'cittavikSobhakArI pichale janma ke ghaTanAkrama bhI smRti paTala para ubharate rahate haiM / pichale janma ke kalA kauzala viziSTa svabhAva yA Adata athavA zauka kI bhI chApa kisI . kisI bAlaka meM vartamAna janma meM banI rahatI hai| jinase adhika pyAra yA adhika dveSa rahA hai ve loga bhI isa janma meM vizeSa rUpa se yAda Ate haiM / 123 punarjanma kA jJAna evaM smaraNa prasiddha yogI zyAmacaraNa lAhiDI ne jIte jI apane pichale aneka janmoM ke dRzya pratyakSavat dekhe the| usa samaya san 1861 meM ve dAnApura keTa (paTanA) meM ekAMuTeMTa the| acAnaka unheM tAra milA, rAnIkheta meM TrAnsaphara ke Adeza kA, ve vahA~ se rAnIkheta pahu~ceM / vahA~ oNphisa kA kAma karate samaya unake kAnoM meM bAra-bAra AvAja AyI, nikaTavartI droNa parvata para pahu~ca ne kii| ve tIsare dina droNa parvata para phuNce| vahA~ eka adRzya ajanabI ke apane pAsa Ane ke lie AvAja aayii| ve prakAza pUMja ke pAsa phuNce| eka yogIrAja eka guphA ke dvAra para khaDe muskuraae| unhoMne zyAmacaraNa ko saMbodhita karake apane pAsa bulAne kA kAraNa btaayaa| phira zraddhAbhibhUta yogirAja ne lAhiDI ke mastaka para apanA

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99 dAhinA hAtha rkhaa| zIghra hI lAhiDI ke zarIra meM vidyuta kI sI zakti aura prakAza bharane lagA, tandrAe~ jAgRta ho uThIM, mana kA aMdhakAra dUra hone lagA, RtambharA prajJA jAga uThI, alaukika anubhUtiyA~ hone lgiiN| lAhiDI ne dekhA 'maiM pUrvajanma meM yogI thaa| ye sAdhu mere guru haiM, jo hajAroM varSoM kI Ayu ho jAne para bhI zarIra ko apanI yoga kriyAoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye hue haiN|' lAhiDI ko yAda AyA ki 'pichale janma meM unhoMne yogAbhyAsa to kiyA, magara sukhopabhoga kI vAsanAe~ naSTa nahIM huI, phira avyakta dRzya bhI vyaktavat aura gahare hote cale gaye, jinameM unake aneka janmoM kI smRtiyA~ sAkAra hotI calI jA rahI thii|' isa prakAra zrI lAhiDI ne apane pichale aneka janmoM ke dRzyoM se lekara vahA~ pahu~cane taka kA sArA varNana calacitra kI bhA~ti dekha liyaa|' ___ isa prakAra lAhiDI dvArA aneka pUrvajanmoM kA pratyakSavat darzana, AtmA aura karma ke cirakAlIna astitva ko siddha karatA hai| AtmA ke sAtha pravAha rUpa se karma kA anAditva mAne binA pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA siddhAMta ghaTita ho hI nahIM sktaa|124 vinobAbhAve ne apane bAre meM kahA thA mujhe yaha pratIta hotA hai ki maiM pUrvajanma meM baMgAlI yogI thaa|' sAtha hI jina vastuoM ke prati jana sAmAnya meM prabala AkarSaNa hotA hai, unake prati vinobA meM kadApi AkarSaNa nahIM huaa| ise ve apane pichale janma kI kamAI mAnate the| 125 . niSkarSa yaha hai ki parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA prastuta pUrvajanma aura punarjanmoM kI smRti kI aneka ghaTanAe~ haiM jo siddha karatI haiM ki marane ke sAtha hI jIvana kA aMta nahIM ho jaataa| aneka janmoM ke karmaphala, eka janma yA anekoM janmoM ke bAda milane kI bAta bhI pramANita ho jAtI hai, AtmA kA svataMtra astitva mAnane se yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki sabhI punarjanmoM kA mUlAdhAra vyakti ke pUrvakRta karma hI haiN| pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAt saMparka : punarjanma kI sAkSI ___ maraNottara jIvana ke do pramANa aise haiM, jinheM pratyakSarUpa meM dekhA samajhA aura parakhA jA sakatA hai| 1) pUrvajanma kI smRtiyA~, 2) preta jIvana kA astitva parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne isa viSaya meM bhI paryApta anusaMdhAna kiye haiN| khAsa taura para pAzcAtya dezoM meM pretavizAradoM ne pUrvajanma kI Asakti, moha, ghRNA, dveSa Adi se baddhakarma saMskAroM se agale janma meM prApta pretayoni kI sthiti ke viSaya zodha aura prayoga kiye haiN| sara oNlivaralaoNja, sara viliyama vAreTa, ricarDa haDasana Adi parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne vibhinna pretoM se snehapUrvaka saMparka sthApita karake gaMbhIra khoje kI haiN| isa prakAra unhoMne bhAratIya dharmoM aura darzanoM dvArA mAnya paraloka vAda kI satyatA ko paripuSTa kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, AtmA tathA karma aura karmaphala ke pravAha rUpa se anAdi astitva ko bhI pramANita kiyA hai| 126

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100 jaina darzana kI dRSTi se pretAtmA kA lakSaNa evaM svarUpa jaina darzana ke anusAra bhUta, preta, yakSa, rAkSasa Adi vyaMtara jAti ke deva mAne jAte haiN| manuSya ke rUpa meM rahate hue inakA kisI sthAna vizeSa se prabala moha, mamatva, Asakti, mUrchA, lAlasA, AkAMkSA athavA prabala IrSA, ghRNA, dveSa, vaira-virodha Adi hote haiN| aise vyakti vyaMtara jAti ke devoM meM se bhUta, preta, pitara, yakSa, rAkSasa, Adi kisI bhI yoni meM apane pUrvakRta karmAnusAra marakara janma lete haiN| janma lene ke pazcAt bhI pUrvokta jIva apanI atRpta AkAMkSA ke kAraNa vastu, vyakti yA sthAna vizeSa ke AsapAsa cakkara lagAte rahate haiM yA vahI aDDA jamAkara baiThate haiN| ye vaikriya zarIradhArI hone se manacAhA rUpa banA sakate haiM, athavA ve adRzya rahakara apanI icchApUrti ke lie kisI dUsare ke mAdhyama se bolakara athavA dUsare ke zarIra meM praveza karake apanI upasthiti aura icchA vyakta karate rahate haiN| kucha logoM ke akAlamRtyu prApta pArivArika jana pitara bana jAte haiN| yA preta yoni meM janma lete haiN| aise pitara yA preta do prakAra ke hote haiN| jinake prati zraddhA yA pratIti ho athavA mana meM AdarabhAva hotA hai, yA jinake sAtha pUrvajanma meM mitratA, anurAga, yA prIti hotI hai aise pitara to hitaiSI evaM sahAyaka hote haiM, dUsare aise pitara hote haiM, jinheM pArivArika janoM yA amuka parivAra yA vyakti se kaSTa pahu~cA hai, athavA unakI avajJA, anAdara yA upekSA huI hai, unase badalA lete haiM, unheM kaSTa pahu~cAte haiM, unake kAryoM meM vighna DAlate haiM, unako hAni pahuMcAte haiN| kaI logoM ko pretAtmA yA mRtAtmA pratyakSa bhI dikhAI dete haiM aura kaI adRzya rahakara kisI dUsare ke mu~ha se bolate haiN| 127 tattvArthasUtra 128 meM bhI yahI bAta hai| josamyakadarzana, jJAna, cAritra ke pUrNata: yA aMzata: ArAdhaka hote haiM, ve marakara uccagati meM samyakdRSTi deva banate haiM, yA phira acchI bhAvanA vAle bhavanapati yA vyaMtara jAti ke samyakdRSTi deva banate haiN| ve dharmaniSTha logoM kI sahAyatA karate haiM unakI parIkSA meM uttIrNa hone para ve una dharmAtmAoM ke caraNoM meM natamastaka hote haiN| aise devoM ke bAre meM kisI ko pratibodha dene, dharmakArya meM sahAyaka hone Adi ke rUpa meM martyaloka meM Ane ke kaI zAstrIya aitihAsika evaM Adhunika pramANa bhI milate haiN| 129 upAsakadazAMga meM130 bhI yahI bAta hai| pretAtmA (yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta, preta Adi) banakara pUrvajanma meM svayaM ko duHkhI karane vAle se ukta vaira kA pratizodha lene kI ghaTanAe~ vividha jaina kathAoM meM AtI haiN| dvArikA nagarI ke yAdavakumAroM dvArA dvaipAyana RSi ko cheDane, unheM patthara mArakara niSprANa karane se agale janma meM agnikumAra (bhavanapati) deva banakara dvArikA nagarI ko bhasma karane ke rUpa meM vaira kA badalA lene kI ghaTanA prasiddha hai|131 __ye sabhI ghaTanAe~ AtmA aura karma ke astitva tathA pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI sattA ko siddha karatI haiN|

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101 pretAtmA dvArA priya pAtra ko adRzya sahAyatA kabhI-kabhI yaha Asakti itanI gaharI hotI hai ki pretAtmA apane priyapAtra ko adRzya rUpa se sahAyatA bhI karate haiN| san 1961 ke jUna mAsa kI ghaTanA hai| sTrAmabarga kA jema kelaghana zarAba ke naze meM rAtri meM ghUma rahA thA acAnaka pIche se AvAja AyI, 'ruko kelaghana / ' usane pIche muDakara dekhA to koI dikhAI nahIM diyA aba bhI AvAja guMja rahI thI phira use AvAja sunAI dii| beTA! sahasA isa AvAja ko sunakara use apanI mA~ kA dhyAna AyA jo 27 varSa pUrva mara cukI thii| socane lagA kyA yaha usakI mA~ kI pretAtmA hai? isa para puna: adRzya AvAja AyI beTA tU madyapAna karatA hai ise choDanA caahie| tuma nahIM jAnate ki mujhe kitanA kaSTa ho rahA hai| jaba taka tuma isa duSkRtya ko nahIM choDoge taba taka mujhe zAMti nahIM milegii| mA~ kI isa bAta ko sunakara kelaghana kA dila dahala gyaa| usane tatkAla mana meM saMkalpa kiyA Aja se maiM zarAba nahIM pIU~gA tathA zreSTha bnuuNgaa| phira kelaghana ne kahA 'yadi tuma merI mA~ ho to apane hAthoM se chUkara pratIti karAo' itanA kahate hI mA~ kI pretAtmA ne apanA hAtha kelaghana kI kamIja kI bAha para rakha diyaa| mA~ ke hAtha kA cihna kamIja kI bAha para ubhara AyA, jo Aja bhI laMdana ke 'parageTarI myujiyama' (hAUsa oNpha zaiDoja) meM surakSita hai| ____mahArAnI vikToriyA ke pati priMsa alabarTa mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI priya patnI ko samayasamaya para acche sujhAva dete rhe| . nepoliyana jaba seMTa helenA meM nirvAsita jIvana bItA rahA thaa| unakI mRta patnI josephAina kI AtmA ne nepoliyana ke mRtyu kI sUcanA dI thii|132 phoTo dvArA sUkSma zarIra kA astitva vartamAna yuga meM sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo lene ke prayoga bhI prAraMbha hue hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika 'kiraliyaoNna' daMpatti ne eka viziSTa prakAra kI phoTo paddhati AviSkRta kI hai, usake dvArA ve sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo le lete haiN| isa prakAra ke phoTo meM marate hue vyakti ke zarIra kI koI AkRti zarIra se nikalatI hai aura bAhara jAtI dikhAI detI hai| isa prayoga ne AdhyAtmika kSetra meM aura vizeSatayA pUrvajanma ko pratyakSa siddha karane meM abhUtapUrva krAnti lAI hai| yaha sUkSmatara zarIra jaina karma vijJAna ke anusAra taijasa yukta kArmaNa zarIra hI karmoM ke astitva kA pramANa hai| phalata: kArmaNa zarIra dvArA yAnI kRtakarmoM ke vipAka ke rUpa meM agale janma meM praveza kI bAta svata:siddha ho jAtI hai| 133

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102 sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo se karma ke astitva kA samAdhAna sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo lene kI saphalatA ne yukti, anumAna aura Agama pramANa kI parokSa jagat kI sImA ko bahuta pIche chor3a diyaa| aba to pretavidyA vizAradoM, parAmanovaijJAnikoM evaM sUkSma zarIra citrAMkana kalAkAroM ne pratyakSa jagat kI sImA meM punarjanma, pUrvajanma, AtmA aura karma ke astitva kA pratyakSavat samAdhAna kara diyA hai| sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo lene meM saphalatA ke kAraNa punarjanma aura karma kA avinAbhAva saMbaMdha mAnane meM kisI ko koI hicaka (dikkata) nahIM honI caahie| punarjanma siddhAMta kI upayogitA punarjanma ke siddhAMta kI upayogitA aura anivAryatA tathA janma janmAMtara se cale Ane vAle karmapravAha ko tathA karmaphala ke aTUTa krama ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| isa siddhAMta ko acchI taraha se samajhane tathA hRdayaMgama karane para jIvana kI dizA nirdhArita karane aura moDane meM saphalatA mila sakatI hai| apanI AMtarika durbalatAoM aura vikRtiyoM ko apanI hI bhUla se cubhe kA~Te samajhakara dhairyapUrvaka nikAlanA aura dhAvoM ko bharanA caahie| . apane jIvana meM tapa, tyAga, saMyama tathA kSamAdi dasa dharmoM ko apanI amUlya upalabdhi mAnakara unheM surakSita hI nahIM parivartita karane kA abhyAsa satat jArI rakhanA caahie| sAdhanA ke patha para baDhate rahane se usakA supariNAma isa janma meM to milegA hI sAthasAtha agale janma meM bhI nizcita milatA hai| zreSThatA kI dizA meM uThAyA gayA kadama kabhI nirAzotpAdaka nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra punarjanma siddhAMta kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi ko naitika, AdhyAtmika preraNA milatI hai| karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa jagata vaicitrya jaina saMskRti kA ujjvala dhavala prAsAda lAkhoM karoDoM varSoM se karma-vijJAna kI sudRDha bhitti para khaDA hai| jaina saMskRti kI preraka pravRttiyoM usake maulika bhAvoM evaM unake aMtastala ko hRdayaMgama karane ke lie karmavijJAna ko samajhanA parama Avazyaka hai| jagat kA vaicitrya : karmoM kA astitva karma ke astitva kA sarvAdhika prabala pramANa hai jagat kA vaicitrya arthAt jagat ke prANiyoM kI vividharUpatA, unake sukha-duHkha kI vibhinnatA, unakI AkRti, prakRti-saMskRti meM pRthakatA unake vikAroM va saMskAroM kA cayApacaya, unake vibhAva, svabhAva, prabhAva kI dUratA, nikaTatA aura eka hI jAti ke prANiyoM meM asaMkhya AkAra prakAra karma ke astitva ko spaSTa ghoSita karate haiN| abhidharmakoSa, brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya meM bhI isa loka kI vicitratA

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tathA jIvoM kI vibhinnatAoM kA kAraNa karma ko hI mAnA gayA hai / 134 aisI hI bAta brahmasUtra135 (zAMkarabhASya) meM batAI gaI hai| 103 abhidharmakoSa meM bhI likhA hai 'karmajaMlokavaicitram' arthAt loka vicitratAkA kAraNa karma / saMsAra kA vizleSaNa karane meM yatratatra sarvatra vibhinnatA, vicitratA aura viSamatA -gocara hotI hai| nizcayadRSTi se sabhI jIva svabhAva aura svarUpa kI apekSA se samAna haiN| jaise sarva karma mukta siddha paramAtmA svarUpa hai / vaisA hI nikRSTatama nigoda ke jIva kA svarUpa hai, usameM nizcayadRSTi se koI bheda yA aMtara nahIM hai phira kyA kAraNa hai ki eka jIva to janma maraNAdi ke mahAduHkha se samasta sAMsArika sukha - duHkha se sarvathA rahita hai aura dUsarA kaSAyAdi vikAroM se lipaTA huA hai / sAMsArika sukha-duHkha se grasta hai, iSTa viyoga- aniSTa saMyoga athavA iSTa saMyoga aura aniSTa viyoga meM saMvedanazIla banakara rAga-dveSa ke Asakti viyoga meM saMvedanazIla banakara rAga-dveSa ke Asakti aura ghRNA ke yA moha aura droha ke jhUle jhUla rahA hai ? bRhadAloyaNA meM suzrAvaka raNajIta siMhajI ne isa aMtara kA rahasyodghATana karate hue kahA hai - siddhA jaisA jIva hai, jIva so hI siddha hoya / karma kA AntarA, bujhe biralA hoya // vastutaH siddha jIva aura saMsArI jIva ke svabhAva (AtmabhAva) AtmaguNa evaM svarUpa meM nizcaya dRSTi se sadRzatA hone para bhI vyavahAra meM jo itanA gahana aMtara hai vaha karmoM ke kAraNa siddhoM kI AtmA parama vizuddha aura samasta karmoM se rahita hai, jabaki saMsArI jIvoM kI AtmAe~ karmamala se lipta haiM ina donoM meM aMtara kA kAraNa karma ke sivAya aura koI nahIM hai / jaina darzana kA yaha siddhAMta hai ki svarUpa kI dRSTi se sabhI AtmAe~ eka samAna haiN|136 isa prakAra saMsArI AtmA meM kaSAyAdi vijAtIya tattva kI jo kamI milI huI hai vahI zuddha * aura saMsArI AtmAoM meM bheda karAtI hai / yaha kaSAyAdi kI malinatA karma ke kAraNa hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki karma nAmaka vijAtIya padArtha hI aisA hai jo AtmA kI zuddha sthiti ko bhaMga karake unameM bheda DAlatA hai tathA vibhinnatA, visadRzatA aura virUpatA paidA karatA hai| karmoM ke kAraNa jIvoM ko kaisI kaisI upAdhiyA~ viSamatAe~ prApta hotI haiM, jaina karma marmajJoM ne 14 dvAra batAye haiM /

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104 gati, indriya aura kAyA ko lekara karma kAraNa viSamatAe~ 1) gati - hama dekhate haiM ki sAMsArika jIvoM meM manuSya, deva, nAraka, tiryaMca Adi aneka prakAra kI viSamatA evaM vividhatA pratyakSa dRSTi gocara hotI hai isakA bhI koI na koI kAraNa honA caahie| eka jIva naraka meM paDA vividha yAtanAe~ bhoga rahA hai, eka jIva devagati meM vividha vaiSayika sukhoM kA upabhoga kara rahA hai, eka manuSya gati meM sukha aura duHkha, unnati aura avanati, preya aura zreya ke hiMDole meM jhUla rahA hai, aura eka jIva tiryaMca gati meM137 utpanna hokara paravazatA aura parAdhInatA ke kAraNa nAnA duHkha bhoga rahA hai| isa prakAra jIvoM kI isa gati ko lekara jo vibhinnatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne una una jIvoM ke dvArA bhinna prakAra se bA~dhe hue karmoM ko hI isakA kAraNa mAnA hai| 2) indriya - sAMsArika jIvoM meM indriyoM kI vibhinnatA hai| koI jIvoM ko eka indriya (sparza) hotI hai, to kaI jIva do indriyavAle haiM, koI jIva tIna indriyavAle hote haiM, koI cAra indriyavAle aura koI pA~ca indriya vAle haiN| jIvoM ko indriyoM kI prApti kA yaha aMtara bhI karma ke astitva ko spaSTa kara rahA hai| isake uparAMta aMgopAMga se vikalAMga hai| ina indriyoM kI virUpatA kA kAraNa bhI karma ke sivAya aura kucha bhI nahIM hai| 3) kAyA - isI prakAra kAyA meM bhI kitanA aMtara hai|138 kucha jIva trasa (dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIva) haiM, jaba ki dUsare sthAvarakAya (pRthvIkAya, apakAya, teukAya, vAukAya, vanaspatikAyika hai) phira SaTkAya jIvoM meM bhI anaMta prakAra haiN| usakA kAraNa bhI karma ke sivAya aura koI nahIM ho sktaa| mana vacana kAyA ke yoga ko lekara jIvoM meM vibhinnatA kA kAraNa : karma 4) yoga- jainAcAryoM ne yoga kI paribhASA batAte hue kahA hai ki mana, vacana, kAyA kA vyApAra yA pravRtti aura dUsarI paribhASA hai, ki - pudgala vipAkI zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se mana, vacana, kAyA se yukta jIva kI karmoM ko grahaNa karane meM kAraNa bhUta zakti ko bhI yoga kahate haiN| 139 karmagraMtha140 meM bhI yahI bAta samasta prakAra ke sAMsArika jIvoM ke mana, vacana, kAyA ke yogoM ko lekara bhI vibhinnatAe~ dRSTi gocara hotI haiN| yaha vibhinnatA bhI karmajanya hai| ka) manoyoga - manoyoga kI apekSA se koI prANI mananazIla hai, manasvI hai, vicArazIla hai to koI koI manana ciMtana hI nahIM kara paataa| koI vivekI aura tArkika hai to koI vicAramUDha hai| koI maMdabuddhi aura mUrkha hai to koI prakhara buddhi prAjJa, vidvAna aura suzikSita hai| mana kI pravRtti yoga ke ye asaMkhya prakAra karma ke kAraNa hI saMbhava haiN|

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105 kha) vacanayoga - vANI prayoga ko lekara jIvoM ke aneka prakAra haiN| pRthvIkAya Adi pA~ca sthAvara jIvoM ko vANI prApta nahIM hotI hai / bilkula bhASA paryApti se rahita haiM / dviiMdriya vAle as ko bhASA ke lie jihvA (rasanA) jo milI hai, kintu unakI cetanA bahuta hI avikasita hai| ve jIva mUka rahate haiN| teindriya jIva bhI rasanA kA upayoga padArtha ko grahaNa karane ke alAvA kucha bhI upayoga nahIM kara sakate haiM / cAra indriya vAle jIva bhASA kA prayoga karate haiM lekina unakI bhASA avyakta hai| sabhI paMcendriya jIvoM ko vANI prApta huI hai, kintu tiryaMca . paMcendriya jIvoM kI bhASA avyakta hai, spaSTa nahIM hai, vyavasthita nahIM hai isa prakAra vacanakRta ina vibhinnatAoM meM karma ko hI kAraNa samajhanA caahie| ga) kAyAyoga - kisI ko choTA yA baDA, rogI yA nirogI, durbala yA balavAna, suDaula yA Waste, laMbA yA ThiMganA, kurUpa yA surUpa zarIra milatA hai yA kisI ko kuttA billI Adi prANiyoM kA zarIra milatA hai, isa prakAra jIvoM ke zarIroM meM visadRzatA dikhAI detI hai, isake lie pUrvakRta karma ko kAraNa mAnanA hI paDegA, anyathA amuka AtmA ko amuka prakAra kA zarIra milatA hai, aisI vyavasthA kA samAdhAna karma ke atirikta nahIM ho sakatA / 141 jaina dRSTi meM karma 142 aura nyAyadarzana meM 143 isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| 5) veda ko lekara jIvoM meM vibhinnatA kA kAraNa : karma sAMsArika jIvoM meM koI strI-vedI hai, koI puruSa - vedI hai aura koI napuMsaka vedI haiM / ekendriya jIva napuMsaka vedI mAne jAte haiN| zeSa jIvoM meM tInoM hI prakAra ke veda pAye jAte haiM / isa prakAra sAMsArika jIvoM kI kAmavAsanA meM bhI bahuta taratamatA hai, kisI kI kAmavAsanA atyaMta maMda kisI kI tIvra aura tIvratama bhI hotI hai, isa taratamatA kA kAraNa karma ke atirikta kyA ho sakatA hai? 6) kaSAya ko lekara jIvoM meM tAratamya kA kAraNa : karma kaSAya - pratyeka jIvAtmA meM cAra prakAra ke kaSAya hote haiN| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina kaSAyoM kI mAtrA meM aMtara pAyA jAtA hai / vaha bhI akAraNa nahIM hai / kisI meM cAroM kaSAya maMda hote haiM kisI meM adhika mAtrA meM hote haiM, usakA mUla kAraNa karma hai / 144 dhavalA 145 aura rAjavArtika146 meM yahI bAta batAI hai| karma hI jIvoM ke jJAna, saMjJA, saMjJitva asaMjJitva meM aMtara 7) jJAna - jIvoM ke jJAna meM bhI paryApta aMtara hai| eka ko paripUrNa jJAna hai, kisI ko avadhijJAna hai, kisI ko matijJAna aura zrutajJAna hai, athavA anaMta jIvoM ko samyakjJAna bhI nahIM hai, isa prakAra vibhinnatA aura tAratamyatA dekhI jAtI hai| ina sabakA kAraNa dArzanika manovaijJAnika

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106 yA nAstika loga cAhe bauddhika kSamatA, akSamatA yA jJAna taMtuoM kI sabalatA nirbalatA batA de, paraMtu ina saba kA mUla kAraNa jIvoM ke apane apane karma hI haiN|147 8) saMjJA - jaina zAstroM meM cAra prakAra kI saMjJA batAI gaI hai- AhAra saMjJA, bhayasaMjJA, maithunasaMjJA aura parigraha saMjJA ina cAroM saMjJAoM meM bhI kisa jIva meM koI saMjJA adhika aura koI saMjJA kama dikhAI detI hai| isa prakAra jIvoM kI saMjJA meM tAratamyatA dikhAI detI hai| pratyeka jIva ke apane-apane karma hI haiN|148 sarvArthasiddhi149 gommaTasAra150 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| 9) saMyama - saMyama pA~coM indriyoM para niyaMtraNa krnaa| saMsAra meM bahuta kama jIva aise haiM, jo mahAvratadhArI haiM jinhoMne indriyoM ko vaza meM kiyA hai| kucha gRhastha jIvana meM bhI saMyamAsaMyamI haiM, jo aNuvratoM kA pAlana karate haiN| isake alAvA anaMtajIva asaMyamI haiN| yaha tAratamyatA hai usakA mUla kAraNa zubhAzubha karmoM kA udaya, kSaya yA kSayopazama hI hai| 10) darzana - padArtha ke vizeSa aMza kA grahaNa na karake kevala sAmAnya aMza kA nirvikalpa rUpa se grahaNa (jJAna) karanA 'darzana' kahalAtA hai|151 darzana ko lekara jIvoM meM aneka prakAra ke bheda haiN| caurendriya aura paMcendriya jIvoM meM cakSudarzana hotA hai| ekendriya se teindriya taka ke jIvoM meM cakSudarzana nahIM hotA hai| itanI vibhinnatA kA kAraNa karma ke udaya, kSaya yA kSayopazama ko hI samajhanA caahie| 11) lezyA - lezyA se AtmA karmoM se zliSTa lipta hotI hai| kaSAyodaya se anuraMjita hone para AtmA ke jaise jaise pariNAma hote haiM vaisI vaisI lezyA hotI hai| lezyA chaH prakAra kI hotI hai| prathama tIna kRSNa lezyA, nIla lezyA, kApota lezyA azubha haiM aura aMtima tIna tejo lezyA, padmalezyA aura zuklalezyA zubha haiN| yaha jo jIvoM meM lezyAoM kA tAratamya hai, vaha bhI karma ke kAraNa hai|152 12) bhavya - jisa mAnava meM mokSa prApti kI yogyatA ho, use bhavya kahate haiN| jisa mAnava meM yaha yogyatA na ho vaha abhavya kahalAtA hai| abhavya kI apekSA bhavya adhika haiM abhavya kA prathama guNasthAna hai, zeSa teraha guNasthAna bhavya jIvoM ke haiM, paraMtu unameM bhI ekendriya se lekara caureMdriya taka ke jIvoM meM mokSaprApti kI yogyatA nahIM hotI hai| paMcendriya jIvoM meM bhavya aura abhavya donoM prakAra ke jIva haiN| isa prakAra bhavya abhavya ko lekara karmakRta vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai kabhI kabhI karma kA nibiDa udaya rahatA hai isa kAraNa jIva kI bhavyatA daba jAtI hai kabhI-kabhI karmoM ke kSayopazama se jIva kA bhavyatva nikharatA hai|153 13) samyaktva - samyaktva aura mithyAtva ko lekara bhI karmakRta vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai| samyaktva ke kaI bheda haiN| aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika Adi tathA mithyAtva ke bhI

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107 pA~ca tathA paccIsa bheda haiN| isa prakAra samyaktva aura mithyAtva ko lekara bhI jIva meM karma kRta vibhinnatA hai|154 14) AhAra - AhAra ko lekara bhI vibhinnatA hai| zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se deha vacana dravya manarUpa banane yogya nokarma vargaNA ke grahaNa ko athavA chahoM paryAptiyoM ke pudgaloM ke grahaNa ko bhI AhAra kahate haiN| eka gati se dUsarI gati meM jAte hue jIva eka yA do athavA tIna samaya taka anAharaka rahate haiN| isa prakAra AhAraka aura anAhAraka ko lekara jIvoM kI vibhinnatA bhI karmakRta hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki ina caudaha mArgaNA- dvAroM ko lekara jIvoM kI vibhinna sthitiyA~ hone kA mUla kAraNa karma haiN|155 sarvArthasiddhi156 meM bhI yaha bAta kahI hai| vizva ke vizAla raMgamaMca para jaba hama dRSTipAta karate haiM to anaMta anaMta jIvoM kI vibhinna dazAe~ haiM, jaise ki sukha-dukha, sampatti-vipatti, saubhAgya-durbhAgya, susvara-duHsvara, Adeya-anAdeya, sugatidurgati, sujAti-dujAti, susparzatA-duHsparzatA, surasatA-virasatA, sugaMdhitatA-durgaMdhitatA, anukUlatA-pratikUlatA Adi dRSTi gocara hotI hai| yaha kevala manuSya meM hI nahIM kula caurAsI lAkha jIvayoni ke prANiyoM meM bhI vicitratA dekhI jAtI hai|157 isI prakAra mAnava jAti meM bhI anaginata prakAra kI viSamatAe~ pratIta hotI haiN| karma vijJAna, manovijJAna aura zarIrazAstra kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa karate hue zrI ratanalAlajI apane lekha meM likhate haiM ki- vaiyaktika bhinnatA bhI pratyakSa dekhI jAtI hai| karmazAstra vAle vicitratA kA mUla kAraNa karma ko mAnate haiN| AnuvAMzika saMskAra ko nahIM, yadi AnuvAMzika mAne to eka hI parivAra meM do putroM meM vibhinnatA dRSTi gocara hotI hai, eka putra nItimAna, dhArmika, sarala prakRtivAlA hai aura dUsarA putra durAcArI, nAstika aura kuTila prakRti kA hotA hai| AnuvAMzika saMskAra hote to isa prakAra kI bhinnatA nahIM aatii| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki 'jIva pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa uttamakula, suMdara nirogI zarIra, mahAprAjJa, kulIna, yazasvI, pratiSThita evaM baliSTha hotA hai|158 __sAmAjika jIvana meM nAnA prakAra kI visadRzatA pAI jAtI hai| pratyeka jAti ke apanIapanI rahana, sahana, saMskAra, paraMparA, rIti, rivAja Adi meM bhI aMtara pAyA jAtA hai| kaI jAtiyoM evaM dharma saMpradAyoM, paMthoM meM pazubali-narabalI, kurbAnI (pazuvadha), mAMsAhAra, madyapAna Adi krUra amAnavIya evaM ghRNita hiMsaka prathAe~ haiM, to kaI jAtiyoM, dharmasaMpradAyoM vaMza paraMparA meM pazubali Adi prathAe~ bilkula nahIM haiN| isa prakAra samAja meM viSamatA kA mUla kAraNa karma hai|

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108 manuSyoM ke sAMpradAyika jIvana meM bhI vividha mata, vividha paMtha, pAraspArika sAmpradAyika rAga-dveSa, IrSA, Asakti, moha, pada, pratiSThA kI lAlasA Adi vibhinna vikRtiyA~ virUpatA kA mUla kAraNa bhI karmakRta mAnanA cAhie / 159 mAnava ke Arthika jIvana meM bhI vibhinnatAe~ pratIta hotI haiN| bauddha darzana kI dRSTi se visadRzatA kAraNa karma 'miliMda -prazna' meM miliMda rAjA aura tathAgata buddha ke prasiddha ziSya sthavira nAgasena kA vArtAlApa isI tathya kA samarthana karatA hai ki sabhI mAnava apane karmAnusAra phala bhogate haiM / 160 - jaina zAstrAnusAra zrI devendrasUri ne spaSTa zabdoM meM isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai rAjA-raMka, buddhimAna - mUrkha, surUpa- kurUpa, dhanika- nirdhana, baliSTha nirbala, rogI - nirogI tathA bhAgyazAlI - abhAgA ina saba meM mAnava samAna rUpa meM hone para bhI aMtara dikhAI detA hai, vaha karmakRta hai| paMcAdhyAyI meM isa siddhAMta kA 161 samarthana kiyA gayA hai| yaha karma kAraNa hai / 162 kaI loga vizvavaicitrya ko karmakRta svIkAra karate hue bhI kahate haiM ki AtmA (jIva ) ajJa hai, anAtha hai, isalie samasta jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha, svarga-naraka evaM gamanAgamana saba IzvarakRta hai| Izvara hI jagat ke vaicitrya kA kartA, dhartA, hartA hai| vaidika saMskRti graMtha mahAbhArata meM bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH Izvara katRtvyavAdI jitane bhI darzana haiM yA IsAI islAma Adi majahaba haiM, ve saba Izvara ko kendrabiMdu mAnakara calate haiN| ve mAnate haiM ki jIva kI pratyeka kriyA yA pravRtti kA niyAmaka Izvara hai / usakI icchA yA preraNA ke binA eka pattA bhI nahIM hila sakatA / 163 mahAbhArata vanaparva 164 karmavAda 165 aSTa- sahastrI 166 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai / AptaparIkSA167 aSTazatI168 tattvArthazlokavArtika169 syAdvAdamaMjarI 170 meM isakA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai yaha bhAvasaMsAra kAma, krodha, ajJAna, mohAdirUpa vibhinna svabhAvavAlA hai, usake sukha duHkhAdi satkArya meM vicitratA dRSTigocara hotI hai| ataH bhinna svabhAva vAle padArtha yA jagat ka svabhAva vAle Izvara se utpanna nahIM ho skte| jisa vastu ke kArya meM vicitratA pAI jAtI hai, usakA kAraNa svabhAva svabhAva kI vibhinnatA hai / ataH yaha jagat vaicitrya IzvarakRta nahIM, sva-svakarmakRta hai| gItA meM bhI kahA hai ki Izvara jagata ke kartRvya aura karmoM kA sRjana tathA karmaphala saMyoga nahIM karatA, jagat apane apane svabhAva tathA karmAnusAra pravartamAna hai / 171

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109 niSkarSa yaha hai ki tAtvika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to yaha jagat eka raMgamaMca ke samAna pratIta hogaa| yahA~ jIva (AtmAe~) vividha citra vicitra veSa dhAraNa karake nATaka khelate haiM, apanA abhinaya dikhAte haiM, tathA apanA apanA pArTa adA karate haiN| apanA apanA khela dikhAne ke pazcAt ve veSa badalate haiN| 'jo kucha khelA jA rahA hai, vaha hamAre sAmane hai paraMtu pratyakSa nahIM hai kucha parde ke pIche hai| sAmane jo kucha ho rahA hai vaha bhI citra-vicitra hai| parde ke pIche pRSThabhUmi meM jo abhinaya ho rahA hai vaha bhI bar3A vicitra hai|' _ 'karma eka aisA abhinetA hai, jo parde ke pIche niraMtara abhinaya kara rahA hai| sote-jAgate, dina-rAta meM vaha niraMtara kriyAzIla rahatA hai|172 karmavAda173 meM bhI isI bAta kA ullekha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bAra-bAra veSa parivartana aura abhinaya parivartana karma vipAka ke anusAra huA karatA hai| prAya: sabhI Astika darzana aura vizeSata: jainadarzana isa tathya se sahamata hai| prasiddha pAzcAtya nATakakAra zeksapiyara ne bhI apane nATaka "aija yu lAIka iTa' meM isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai| 174 isa prakAra vizva ke prANiyoM (jIvoM) kA vaicitrya karmakRta siddha hotA hai| karma astitva kaba se kaba taka? saMsAra meM jitane bhI Astika darzana haiM, unhoMne eka yA dUsare prakAra se karma kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| Astika dArzanikoM ne adhyAtma ke kSetra meM do mahattvapUrNa zodha kiye haiN| eka AtmA kI aura dUsarI karma kI / AtmA aura karma, ina do mahattvapUrNa upalabdhiyoM ne mahAna satya kA udghATana kiyA hai| adhyAtma ke kSetra meM bahuta baDI krAnti kI hai, ye do tattva hI adhyAtma ke maulika AdhAra staMbha haiN| kevala AtmA ke astitva ko mAna lene mAtra se adhyAtma kA prAsAda sthira nahIM raha sktaa| karma ko usake sAtha dvitIya AdhAra staMbha mAne binA adhyAtma prAsAda DagamagA jAegA kyoMki adhyAtma kI samagra parikalpanA, lakSya prApti aura pUrNatA kI yojanA evaM tattva vyavasthA hai| AtmA (jIva) ko karma se sarvathA mukta karanA, yadi AtmA kA hI astitva na ho to kisako mukta kiyA jAyegA? aura yadi karma kA astitva hI na ho to kisase mukta kiyA jAyegA? ata: ina donoM ke astitva ko mAne binA adhyAtma apUrNa hI rhegaa| . baddha AtmA aura mukta AtmA ina donoM prakAra kI AtmAoM ke bIca karma kA eka sUtra hai, jo mukta AtmA taka pahu~cane meM aneka upAdhiyoM se yukta banA detA hai| baddha AtmAe~ karma saMyukta haiM, jaba ki mukta AtmA karmoM se sarvathA mukta hai| donoM meM aMtara DAlane vAlA 'karma hai| jaba taka AtmA baddha hai, saMsArI hai taba taka karmoM kI parikramA lagatI rhegii|

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110 ata: AtmA ke astitva ko tathA usase saMbaMdha tattvoM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura hAsa ko samajhane ke lie AtmA ke sAtha-sAtha karma ko bhI samajhanA jarUrI hai| karma ke astitva ko jAnanA, mAnanA aura vizvAsa karanA tathA aMta meM karma ke jAla se sarvathA mukti paanaa| tabhI to AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ke zikhara para AtmA pahu~ca sakatI hai| karma kA astitva kaba se? kaba taka? jina manISiyoM ne karma vijJAna ke mahAsAgara meM gote lagAe unake sAmane yaha prazna AyA ki karma kA astitva kaba se hai aura kaba taka rahegA? isakA sIdhA aura sarala samAdhAna unhoMne yaha diyA ki jaba se jIva (AtmA) saMsArI huA aura jaba taka vaha saMsArI (baddha) rahegA taba se taba taka karma kA astitva hai| donoM kA saMbaMdha anAdi kyoM? kaise? prazna yaha hai ki jIva saMsAradazA ko kyoM prApta hotA hai, jaba ki rAgadveSa ke binA karmabaMdha nahIM ho sakatA aura karmabaMdha hue binA rAga-dveSa nahIM ho sktaa| aisI sthiti meM jIva kI yaha (saMsArI) avasthA kaise aura kaba se huI? isakA samAdhAna jaina karma marmajJoM ne yaha diyA ki saMsAra kI yaha cakra paraMparA anAdi kAla se bIja-vRkSa ke samAna calI A rahI hai| bIja se vRkSa hotA hai, vRkSa se bIja, ina donoM meM se kisakA prAraMbha sarvaprathama huA, yaha koI nahIM kaha sktaa| isI prakAra karma aura jIva (saMsArI jIva) kI paraMparA anAdi hai arthAt jIva ke saMsAra ke kAraNa bhUta rAga-dveSa aura karmabaMdha kI paraMparA ko anAdi kAlIna samajhanA caahie| tAtvika dRSTi se karma aura jIva kA sAdi aura anAdi saMbaMdha isa tAtvika dRSTi se samajhanA cAhe to isa prakAra samajha sakate haiM - jIva kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika zubhAzubha pravRtti (kriyA yA vyApAra) jaba se zuru huI hai athavA jaba se kaSAyAdi kA saMyoga huA hai taba se karma AtmA ko lage haiM aura taba taka lage raheMge jaba taka jIva ke yoga (mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti) aura kaSAya (krodhAdi tathA rAga-dveSa mohAdi) rhegeN| ata: anekAMtavAda kI bhASA meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai| eka jIva kI apekSA se karma kA astitva sAdi (prAraMbhayukta) siddha hotA hai, jaba ki jagat ke samagra jIvoM kI apekSA se karma pravAha rUpa se anAdi hai| AtmA anAdi hai to kyA karma bhI anAdi haiM ? bhAratIya Astika darzanoM kI dRSTi meM AtmA anAdi hai| vaha ajara, amara, avinAzI, nitya aura zAzvata tattva hai| bhagavadgItA aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai- 'yaha

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111 AtmA na to kabhI utpanna hotI hai na maratI (naSTa hotI) hai, arthAt na to yaha kabhI utpanna huI hai na hogI, na hotI hai| zarIra ke hanana kiye jAne para bhI AtmA kA hanana nahIM hotaa|175 ThANAMgasUtra176 meM bhI yaha ullikhita hai| karma aura AtmA meM pahale kauna ? jaba AtmA anAdi hai to karma bhI anAdi honA cAhie, kyoMki karma karane vAlA to AtmA hI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha jvalanta prazna karma marmajJoM ke samakSa upasthita kiyA gayA ki karma aura AtmA ina donoM meM pahale kauna hai? bAda meM kauna hai? karma pahale hai athavA AtmA? * karma AtmA ke sAtha kaba se lage? ve pahale lage yA pIche lage? jaina karma-vijJAna ke mahAmanISi tIrthaMkaroM evaM talasparzI adhyetA AcAryoM ne isa prazna para yuktipUrNa evaM anubhavapUrNa samAdhAna kiyA hai ki karma aura AtmA ina donoM meM pahale kauna, pIche kauna? yaha prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| paMcAdhyAyI Adi graMthoM meM spaSTa kahA hai 'jaise AtmA anAdi hai vaise pudgala (karma) bhI anAdi haiN| AtmA aura karma donoM kA saMbaMdha bhI anAdi hai| AtmA kArmaNAtmaka karmoM ke sAtha anAdikAla se baddha hokara calA A rahA hai|177 'lokaprakAza' meM bhI isa bAta kA ullekha hai|178 'jaina saMskRti ke unnAyaka tIrthaMkaroM tathA karmamarmajJa AcAryoM ne karma pahale hai yA AtmA pahale? AtmA ke sAtha karma kaba se lage? ityAdi praznoM kA yukti saMgata samAdhAna murgI aura aMDe ke udAharaNa dvArA, tathA bIja aura vRkSa ke nyAya se kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA ki murgI aura aMDA ina donoM meM pahale kauna, pIche kauna? yadi aMDe ko pahale mAnate haiM to prazna hotA hai'murgI ke binA aMDA kahA se utpanna huA yA AyA? 'yadi murgI ko pahale mAnate haiM to prazna utthegaa| aMDe ke binA murgI kahA se AyI? isI prakAra dUsarI yaha yukti bhI prastuta kI jAtI hai ki bIja aura vRkSa ina donoM meM pahale kauna? yadi vRkSa ko pahale mAnate haiM to prazna uThegA ki bIja binA vRkSa kahA se utpanna huA? aura yadi bIja ko pahale mAnate haiM prazna uThegA ki vRkSa ke binA bIja kahA se AyA? isI prakAra AtmA aura karma jaba anAdi haiM to prazna hotA hai AtmA aura karma ina donoM meM pahale kauna huA? pIche kauna? yadi AtmA ko karma se pahale mAnate haiM to prazna uThegA jaina dRSTi se nizcaya naya kI apekSA se AtmA vizuddha mAnA jAtA hai| jaba AtmA vizuddha hai, taba usa para karma kAlimA kaise laga gaI? zuddha AtmA para karma laganA hI nahIM caahie| yadi zuddha AtmA para bhI karmamala kA laganA mAnA jAye to karma mukta zuddha paramAtmA para bhI karmamala laga jaayegaa| aisI sthiti meM zuddha AtmA bhI karmalipta hokara puna: puna: saMsAra meM AvAgamana

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112 karane lagegI, paraMtu dazAzrutaskaMdha ke anusAra karmabIja dagdha ho jAne ke pazcAt karmamukta zuddha siddha paramAtmA saMsAra meM phira kabhI nahIM aate| 179 AtmA prathama hai yA karma ? yaha aisI praznAvalI hai jisakA koI uttara AtmA ko yA karma ko prathama mAnanevAloM ke pAsa nahIM hai, isalie karma aura AtmA, ina donoM meM bhI pahale pIche kA prazna khar3A kiyA jAyegA to aneka ulajhane Akara vyakti ke dimAga ke cAroM ora gherA DAlakara khaDI ho jaaegii| isa prakAra aneka tarka vitarka apanA tIra tAnakara samAdhAna prApta karane ke lie upasthita ho jaayegeN|180 'karmavAda eka adhyayana' 181 isameM bhI yaha bAta kahI hai| yadi jIva (AtmA) ko pahale karmarahita mAna liyA jAye to usake baMdha kA abhAva ho * jAyegA aura zuddha AtmA ke bhI karmabaMdha mAnane para usakI mukti kaise hogI? paMcAdhyAyIkAra kA Azaya yaha hai ki pUrva azuddhatA ke binA baMdha nahIM hotaa| pUrva meM zuddha jIva ke bhI karmabaMdha mAna lene para nirvANa prApti asaMbhava ho jAyegI / jaba zuddha jIva ke karmabaMdha mAneMge to saMsAra cakra bAra bAra calate rahane se mukti kabhI nahIM ho sakegI / 182 yaha zuddhi - azuddhi kA silasilA calatA hI rahegA to yaha kahA~ kA siddhAMta hai ki zuddhi ke bAda azuddhi A jAye / vastutaH use zuddhi hI nahIM kahanA caahie| jJAnasAra 183 meM isa tathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai jo sAdhaka samatA kuMDa meM snAna karake anaMta anaMta kAla lie kaSAya tathA rAgadveSAdi janita karma kRta mala ko dho DAlatA hai, vaha kabhI bhI azuddha malina nahIM hotaa| vAstava meM vaha antarAtmA hI parama zuddha vimala hai / 184 bhagavadgItA 185 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| karma pahale aura AtmA bAda meM isa mantavya ke anusAra yaha mAnanA paDegA ki AtmA ne bhI eka dina janma liyA / AtmA bhI eka utpanna vinaSTa hone vAlA padArtha huaa| saMsAra kA yaha niyama hai ki jisakA janma hotA hai usakA maraNa avazya hotA hai paraMtu AtmA ke utpanna vinAza yA janma maraNa kA vicAra bhArata ke kisI bhI Astika darzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| sabhI Astika darzanoM ne AtmA ko eka svara se ajanmA, nitya, avinAzI aura zAzvata mAnA hai / 186 aisI duvidhApUrNa sthiti meM jainadarzana ke mahAmanISiyoM ne AtmA aura karma ina donoM meM pahale kauna aura pIche kauna? yaha gutthI donoM ko anAdi tathA donoM ke saMbaMdha ko bhI anAdi kahakara sulajhA dI hai| donoM ke anAdi saMbaMdha kA aMta kaise ? AtmA aura karma kA anAdi saMbaMdha mAnane para usa saMbaMdha kA aMta kaise hogA? vaha

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113 saMbaMdha toDA kaise jAyegA ? kyoMki sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki jo anAdi hotA hai, vaha anaMta bhI hotA hai, usakA kabhI aMta nahIM ho sktaa| jaina karmasiddhAMta marmajJoM ne isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai ki karma aura AtmA ke anAdi saMbaMdha ke bAre meM yaha niyama sArvakAlika nahIM hai| anAdi ke sAtha anaMtatA kI koI vyApti nahIM hai / anAdi hote hue bhI sAntatA pAI hai| vRkSa kI saMtati kI paraMparA kI apekSA anAdi kahA jAtA hai, kintu bIja ko jalA dene para vRkSa kI paraMparA kA aMta A jAtA hai| isI prakAra tattvArthasAra meM kahA gayA hai| AtmA (jIva) se karmabIja ke dagdha ho jAne para phira bhavAMkura kI (saMsAra meM utpanna hone kI ) utpatti nahIM hotii| bIja vRkSa paraMparA jaise TUTa jAtI hai, vaise hI karma kA AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdha TUTa sakatA hai| isI tathya ko sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM iMgita kiyA gayA hai- pahale baMdhana ko jAno samajho phira usako toDa ddaalo| 187 karmagraMtha bhAga - 1188 meM tathA sUtrakRtAMga189 meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai| jo dhIra vIra munipuMgava hote haiM, ve apane tapa saMyama se sudRDha rahate haiM / unheM . anAyAsa hI karma se chuTakArA milatA hai| jaise svarNa aura miTTI kA dUdha aura ghI kA bIja aura vRkSa kA anAdi saMbaMdha hai, tathApi prayatna vizeSa se pRthak pRthak hote hue dekhe jAte haiM; vaise hI AtmA aura karma ke anAdi saMbaMdha kA aMta ho jAtA hai| cAra prakAra ke saMbaMdha AtmA aura karma ke saMbaMdha ke rahasya ko samajhane ke lie hameM sarvaprathama ina cAra praka ke saMbaMdhoM ko samajha kara lenA caahie| anAdi anaMta, 2 ) anAdi sAMta, 3) sAdi anaMta aura 4) sAdi sAMta / jisa saMbaMdha kA na to AdikAla ho nahIM aMtakAla vaha anAdianaMta hotA hai| jisakA AdikAla to na ho kintu aMtakAla ho, vaha anAdi sAMta hotA hai| jisakA AdikAla ho para aMtakAla na ho vaha sAdi anaMta hotA hai| jisakA AdikAla bhI ho tathA aMtakAla bhI vaha saMbaMdha sAdisAMta hotA hai / 190 AtmA aura karma kA tIna prakAra se saMbaMdha AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha kaba se hai aura kaba taka rahegA? isa prazna kA samAdhAna jaina darzana ne isa prakAra kiyA hai- 'AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha anAdi anaMta bhI hai, anAdisAMta bhI hai aura sAdisAMta bhI / 191 AtmA aura karma kA anAdi saMbaMdha karma pravAha kI dRSTi se AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha anAdi mAnA gayA hai| pravAha rUpa yA

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114 abhISTa kI dRSTi se karma saMtati kI koI Adi nahIM hai anAdikAla se jIva karmoM kI beDiyoM meM jakaDA huA hai| atIta kAla meM aisA koI samaya nahIM AyA jaba yaha AtmA kabhI karmoM se jakaDA huA thA pRthak nahIM thaa| bhUtakAla meM aisA koI samaya nahIM thI ki AtmA aura paramANu pRthak-pRthak paDe hoM, aura kisI na kisI samaya unheM mizrita kara diyA ho| aisA hone para to karmamukta sarvathA vizuddha siddhAlaya sthita AtmA bhI akAraNa hI svataH karmabaddha ho jAyegI, apanI akarma sthiti ko surakSita nahIM rakha paayegii| ata: AtmA aura karma ke saMbaMdha ko pravAha rUpa se anAdi hI mAnanA caahie| bhavya aura abhavya jIva kA lakSaNa karma mukti kI sAdhanA kI dRSTi se do prakAra ke jIva mAne jAte haiM bhavya aura abhvy| jisa jIva meM mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA hai, jJAna, darzana, cAritra rUpI saMdarbha kI ArAdhanA karake mukta hone kI kSamatA hai vaha jIva bhavya kahalAtA hai aura jisa jIva meM mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA, samyakdarzana kI jyoti se apanI aMtarAtmA ko Alokita karane kA sAmarthya nahIM hai vaha abhavya kahalAtA hai| abhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha anAdi anaMta saMbaMdha jainadRSTi se abhavyajIva apane Atma pradezoM se karma paramANuoM ko sarvathA pRthak kadApi nahIM kara paate| unake Atma pradezoM ke sAtha karma paramANuoM kA saMbaMdha sadaiva satata kisI na kisI rUpa meM banA hI rahatA hai| ataeva abhavyajIvoM (AtmAoM) kA karma ke sAtha saMbaMdha anAdi anaMta mAnA gayA hai| vandhyA nArI lAkha prayatna karale phira bhI vaha mA~ banane kA saubhAgya prApta nahIM kara sakatI, vaise hI abhavya jIva bhI apanI svabhAva siddha prakRti ke kAraNa samyakdarzana kA sparza kadApi nahIM kara paataa| vaha mithyAtva ke gahana aMdhakAra meM DUbA huA hI samagra jIvana yApana karatA hai| ata: aise abhavya jIva (AtmA) kA karma saMbaMdha sadaiva sthAI hone se anAdi anaMta kahalAtA hai| 192 bhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha saMbaMdha anAdi sAnta bhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha saMbaMdha anAdi sAMta mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki bhavyajIva sAdhanAnurUpa yogya sAdhana prApta hone para samyakdarzana prApta karatA hai, tattvoM kA jJAna karatA hai, tatpazcAt samyakcAritra kA pAlana karake karmoM ko AMzika rUpa se AtmA se pRthak (nirjarA) kara detA hai| isake pazcAt samyakdarzanAdi ratnatraya kI samyak ArAdhanA sAdhanA karake samasta

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115 karmoM ko kSaya kara DAlatA hai, arthAt AtmA ke sAtha karmoM ke saMbaMdha ko sarvathA samApta kara detA hai, aura siddha buddha mukta ho jAtA hai isI kAraNa bhavyajIvoM ke karma saMbaMdha ko anAdi sAMta mAnA gayA hai| arthAt karma pravAha kI dRSTi se bhavyajIva kA karma saMbaMdha anAdi hai kintu usakA aMta avazya hai| __saiddhAntika dRSTi se dekhA jAye to AtmA ke sAtha karma kA saMyoga prathama (mithyAtva guNasthAna) se prAraMbha hotA hai aura terahaveM (sayogI kevalI) guNasthAna taka yaha calatA hai| caudahave (ayogI kevalI) guNasthAna meM yogoM (mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti) kA sarvathA nirodha ho jAne para AtmA karma se sarvathA viyukta (mukta) ho jAtA hai| AtmA kA phira karma ke sAtha punaH saMyoga nahIM hotaa| ___ isa prakAra karma kA astitva anAdi siddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha karma kaba se lagate haiN| aura kaba taka rahate haiM? isa saMdarbha meM AtmA pahale yA karma? AtmA ke sAtha-karma ke trividha saMbaMdha kauna se aura kaise hai? ina saba zaMkAoM kA yukti saMgata yathocita samAdhAna diyA hai|

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116 saMdarbha 1. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (saMpA. upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.) pR. 3 2. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) prastAvanA pR. 86 3. appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa y|| uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. madhukaramunijI ma.sA.) a. 20/36 . 4. aNNANamao jIvo kammANa kArago hodi|| samayasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), pR. 12 5. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA (paM.dalasukha mAlavaNIyA), pR. 74 6. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda), (paM.dalasukha mAlavaNIyA), gA. 1549, pR. 3 7. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda), paM.dalasukha mAlavaNIyA), gA. 1563, pR. 12 8. je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se AyA / AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. madhukaramuni) a. 5 sUtra 171 a) paMcAstikAya - 43 (kuMdakuMdAcArya) ba) appANaM viNu NANaM, NANa viNu appago na sNdeho| niyamasAra - 171 9. savva jIvANaM piyaNaM akkharassa..... pabhAcaMda suuraann|| naMdIsUtra, pR. 43(saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) 10. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkadeva), 1/1/5 11. tattvArtha zlokavArtika, 1/235-236-237 (vidyAnaMda) 12. nyAyakumudacaMdra, pR. 847 13. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, (saMpA. paM.dalasukha mAlavaNIyA),gA. 1569 14. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA 15. aSTasahastrI (AcArya vidyAnaMda), pR. 248-249 16. syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR. 17 17. nyAyakumudacaMdra, pR. 649 18. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, pR. 228 19. syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR. 17 20. AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) 1/4 21. dravyasaMgraha, gA. 2 22. guNao uvaoga gunno| (sthAnAMga sUtra), (saMpA. madhukaramuni),pR. 5/3/530 23. upayogo lkssnnm| (tattvArthasUtra), 2/8 24. jIvo uvoglkkhnno| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni),28/10 .25. uvaoga lakkhaNo jiive| bhagavatIsUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni),2/10 26. ahamikko khalu zuddho.... Na vi asthi mjjh| samayasAra - 30 27. bhagavatI sUtra 1/1/24 (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) 28. prajJApanA sUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), pada - 1, pR. 16

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117 n .29. saMsAratthA ya siddhA ya duvihA .... uttarAdhyayana sUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), a. 36/ gA. 38 30. saMsAriNo muktaashc| tattvArthasUtra, a. 2 sUtra 10, pR. 31. jIvAbhigama sUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), a. 1/ gA. 7 32. saMsAraNa saMsAra: sa eSAmastIti saMsAriNaH / sarvArthasiddhi, 2/10 33. maggaNa guNa-TThANehiM caudasahi.... viNNeyA....... // dravyasaMgraha - 13 34. gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa), AcArya nemIcaMdra siddhAMta cakravartI, gA. 202-203 35. samAvannANa saMsAre ....... uttarAdhyayana (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), a.3.2 36. na karmo vibhAgAta, brahmasUtra, 2/1/35 37. naiSa anAditvAt saMsArasya, zAMkara bhASya -38. kammuNA uvAhI jaayi| AcArAMga, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1 a. 3/1 39. paMcAstikAya, (kuMdakuMdAcArya), gA. 128-130 40. kvacid vINAvAdaH....... kiM viSamayaH / (bhartRhari-vairAgya zataka) 41. bhavasvarUpa cinto.... (adhyAtmasAra - 18) 42. jAvantaDavijjA purisA ....... uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a. 6/gA. 1 43. azraddhAnAM puruSa ........ apraapymaa| (bhagavadgItA),(lokamAnya tilaka), 9/3 44. kammakatto saMsAro ....... jujjate naaso|| (gaNadharavAda), 1980 45. jAti mRtyu ..... yonimaattnute|| mahAbhArata 46. akhaMDajyoti sitaMbara 1979 se prakAzita lekha, sAra-saMkSepa, pR. 18 47. kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi| uttarA.sUtra 4/2, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) 48. vAsAMsi jIrNAni ..... saMyAti navAni dehii| bhagavadgItA, 2/22, (DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana) 49. pretyabhAva: paralokaH / aSTasahasrI, 88 bhRtvA punarbhavana pretyabhAvaH / aSTasahastrI, 165 pretyabhAvo janmAMtara lakSaNa: / aSTasahastrI, 181 50. maNussateNa ... Na jAyade annnno| paMcAstikAya, gA. 17 . 51. na vA jAnAmi yadiva idmmmi| Rgveda, 1/164/37 52. nA'sadAsIta no sadAsIta tadA niim| Rgveda, 10/129 53. ko'haM kathamidaM jAtaM ko vai kartA'sya? zaMkarAcArya praznottarI 54. iha megeMsI No saNNA bhavai taM jahA..... bhvissaamii| AcArAMgasUtra, zruta 1a. 3.1, 1 sUtra 1-2 (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) 55. kalpasUtra (bha. mahAvIra kA paMcakalyANaka varNana), (upAcArya deveMdramunijI)

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118 56. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra (pArzvanAtha caritra), 9/3 57. pArzvanAtha caritra bha. pArzvanAtha eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana- upAcArya deveMdramuni 58. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra, parva - 8 59. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra, parva - 1/3/15 60. jJAtAdharmakathA, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), - 8 61. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), adhya. - 9 gA. naM. 1,2 62. piya putagA donni vi .... carissAmu moNaM / uttarAdhyayana, a. 14 gA. 5,7 63. teNAvi jaM kaya kammaM ...... gacchai u paraM bhava // uttarAdhyayana, a. 18 gA. 17 64. devaloga cuo saMto ...... natthi veynnaa|| uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a. 19 gA. 8, 9, 11 65. vipAkasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), prastAvanA pR. 14 / 66. samarAicca kahA (samarAditya kathA), AcArya haribhadra sUri 67. solaha satI, jaina kathAe~ jaina kathA mAlAe (AcArya zrI deveMdramunijI ma.sA.) 68. Apte nocchinna doSeNa ...... saprakIrtya te / (ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, zloka - 5, 6) 69. History of Dharmashastra, (P. V. Kane), Vol. v. Part. II. P. 1536 70. Rgveda, (saMpA. zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavaLekara), 10/16/3 71. atharvaveda, XVIII 2.71 72. zatpatha brAhmaNa, (XII. 9.1.1) 73. kaThopaniSad, 1/1/5-6 74. kaThopaniSad, 1/16-7 75. kaThopaniSad, 2/5/7 76. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada, 4/4/1-2 77. (ka) chAndogyopaniSad, 5/10/7 (kha) chAndogyopaniSad, 10/8 78. bhagavadgItA, a. 2 zloka 13, 22, 27 79. karmasiddhAMta ane punarjanma, (sAdhu brahmadarzanadAsa), pR. 45 80. bhagavadgItA, a. 4 zloka - 5 .81. bhagavadgItA, a. 7 zloka - 19 82. bhagavadgItA, a. 8 zloka - 23 lekhaka 23. History of Dharmashastra, (P. V. Kane), Vol. v. Part. II. P. 1572-73 84. kammA vipAkA ...... pavattatIti / bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR. 478 85. majjhima-nikAya, 3/4/5 86. ita eka navate ...... bhikSavaH, (SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA) 87. majjhimanikAya kA tevijjavacchagottasuta bodhirAjakumAra suta aura aMguttaranikAya kA veraMjaka, brAhmaNa suta

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119 88. therIgAthA, 400-447 89. dIghanikAya, 2/3 90. bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, 395 91. visuddhimagga, 17/161 92. icchAdveSa pUrvikA dharmAdharmayoH pravRttiH / vaizeSikadarzana, sUtra 6/2/14 93. dukha janma pravRtti doSa - nyAyadarzana sUtra, 1/1/2 94. SaDdarzana rahasya, pR. 135 .95. vaizeSika darzana sUtra (prazastapAda bhASya) guNasAdharmya prakaraNa 96. sAMkhyadarzana pravacana bhASya, sUtra, 6/9 97. saMsarati nirUpabhoga bhAvairaghivAsitaM liNgm| sAMkhyakArikA - 40 98. mImAMsA darzana (jaiminI sUtra) 99. taMtra vArtika, pR. 395 100. brahmasUtra zAMkara bhASya, 3/2/40 101. yogadarzana (vyAsa bhASya), 2/9, 4/10 102.pAtAMjala yogadarzana, 2/12. 3/18 103. yogadarzana vyAsadarzana, 2/12 / 104. yathA ghenusahastreSu .... kartAramanugacchati / mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 181/16 105. manusmRti, 12/40 (mukuMdagaNeza mirajakara) 106. parasparodIrita dukhaa| tattvArtha satra. a. satra 4 107. sarvArthasiddhi TIkA (AcArya pUjyapAda), 3/4 . 108. nyAyadarzana (vAtsyAyana bhASya), pR. 326 109. kAlaoNaM Na kayAi NAsI .... avaTThie nnicce| sthAnAMga sUtra, (saMpA. madhukaramuni ma.sA) 5/3/430 110. akhaMDa-jyoti, jUna 1979 ke lekha se saMkSipta sAra pR. 12 111. akhaMDa-jyoti, sitaMbara 1979 ke gatizIla jIvana pravAha lekha se saMkSipta sAra pR. 19 112. akhaMDa-jyoti, jUna 1974 ke lekha se saMkSipta sAra pR. 30 113. karmavijJAna, bhAga-1, pR. 76 (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.) 114. akhaMDa-jyoti, jUna 1979 ke lekha se saMkSipta sAra pR. 13 115. ihasi uttamo bhatte........ siddhi gacchasi niiro| uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 9/58 116. ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale, (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) pR. 54, 57 117. jaina darzana meM Atma vicAra, (DaoN. lAlacaMda jaina) pR. 222 118. akhaMDa-jyoti, julAI 1974 meM prakAzita (lekha), ___ "marane ke sAtha jIvana kA aMta nahIM hotA'', pR. 12 119. ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale, (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) pR. 57

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120 120. akhaMDa-jyoti, julAI 1974 meM prakAzita (lekha) pR. 11,12 121. jaina darzana meM Atma vicAra, (DaoN. lAlacaMda jaina) pR. 222 122. kalyANa (mAsika patra) kA punarjanma vizeSAMka 123. akhaMDa-jyoti, julAI 1974 meM prakAzita (lekha) se sArasaMkSepa, pR. 12 / 124. akhaMDa-jyoti, mArca 1972 meM prakAzita (lekha) se sArasaMkSepa, pR. 52-53 125. akhaMDa-jyoti, pharavarI 1979 meM prakAzita (lekha) se sArasaMkSepa, pR. 35-36 126. akhaMDa-jyoti, navaMbara 1976 meM prakAzita (lekha) se sArasaMkSepa, pR. 39 127. akhaMDa-jyoti, julAI 1977 meM prakAzita (lekha) se sArasaMkSepa, pR. 27 128. saMlekhanA vrata ke 5 aticAroM se tulanA kareM jIvita maraNAzaMsA sukhAnubaMdha mitrAnurAga nidAna knnaani| tattvArtha sUtra, a. - 7 sUtra naM. 32 129. rAjapraznIya sUtra, (saMpA. madhukara muni) meM sUryAbhadeva kA prakaraNa, pR. 10 130. upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM (culanI pitA va kAmadeva zrAvaka kI deva dvArA parIkSA), (yuvAcArya madhukaramuni) pR. 85.106 131. aMtakRtadazAMgasUtra kA dvArikAdahana prakaraNa (yuvAcArya madhukaramuni) pR. 95 132. akhaMDa-jyoti, julAI 1979 meM prakAzita (lekha) se sArasaMkSepa, pR. 6 133. akhaMDa-jyoti, navaMbara 1976 meM prakAzita (lekha) se sArasaMkSepa, pR. 58 134. karmajaM lokvaicitrym| abhidharmakoSa, 4/1 135. brahmasUtra (zAMkarabhASya), 2/1/14 136. ege aayaa| ThANAMgasUtra , 1/1 (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI) 137. gatiyoM kI vibhinnatA bhI karmajanya hai| jaMNaraya tirikkha maNussa devANaM NivattayaM kammaM ta gdinnaam| dhavalA, 13/5/5 AcArya vIrasena 138. karmagraMtha vivecana, yuvAcArya marUdhara kesarI zrI mizrIlAla, bhAga- 3 139. maNasA vAyA kAeNa vA vi jutassa viriya pariNAmo jihappaNI jogo .... paMcasaMgraha - 88 140. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 3 (saMpA. marudhara kezarI zrI mizrImalajI ma. sA.) pR. 5 141. gaI iMdiesu kAye ..... saNNi aahaar| gA. 141 (nemicaMdracArya) gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa 142. jainadRSTi se karma , pR. 24 143. nyAyadarzana sUtra, 3/2 144. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 3 (saMpA. marudhara kezarI mizrImalajI ma.sA.) 145. Atma pravRtte maithuna sammohatyAdo vedaH / dhavalA, 1/1/1/4 146. kaSAyAtmAn hinastitI ..... kaSAya: / rAjavArtika, 6/7 (bhaTTAkalaMka deva) 147. jJAyate paricchadhate vastva tenAsmAdasminveti vA jnyaanm| anuyogadvAra TIkA 148. saMjJinaH samanaskAH , (umAsvAti) tattvArthasUtra, a. 2/25

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121 149. AhArAdi viSayAbhilASa: saMjJA / (lekhaka pUjyapAdAcArya) sarvArthasiddhi, 2/4 150. No iMdiya AvaraNa..... idaro sesiMdiya avabohI / gommaTasAra, 630 151. darzanaM sAmAnyAyabodha lakSaNam / SaDdarzana samuccaya, 2/18 152. lippai appA kirai jaannmkkhaayaa| paMcasaMgraha, 142 153. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 3 (saMpA. marudhara kezarI mizrImalajI ma. sA. ) pR. 6 154. chadavva NavayayatthA... bhUNeyavvo // darzanapAhuDa, 1/2 155. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 3 (saMpA. marudhara kezarI mizrImalajI ma. sA.) pR. 7 156. trayANAM zarIrANA SaNNA paryAptInAM yogya pudgalagrahaNamAhAraH / (sarvArthasiddhi) pR. 2/30 157. nAmakarma ke udaya se prApta hone vAlI vibhinna / karmagraMtha, bhAga 158. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a. - 3 gA. 16, 17, 18 159. karmavijJAna, bhAga - 1 ( upA. deveMdramunijI ma. sA. ) pR. 131 160. milinda prazna, pR. 80-81 161. karmagraMtha prathama TIkA, (deveMdrasUrikRta) - - 1, pR. 50 se 81 162. eko daridra ekohi zrImAnitI ca karmaNa: (zrIAdicaMdraprabhu zrI. paMcAdhyAyI) 2 / 5 163. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa), zloka, 800 164. ajJo janturanIzo'ya..... zvabhrameva vA / mahAbhArata, vanaparva 30/28 165. karmavAda : eka adhyayana, pR. 3 166. aSTa sahastrI, pR. 268-273 167. AptaparIkSA, pR. 9gA. 51-68 168. aSTazatI (karmavijJAna, bhAga 1) ( upAcArya deveMdramunijI), pR. 137 .169. tattvArtha zlokavArtikA (karmavijJAna bhAga - 1 ), pR. 137 170. syAdvAdamaMjarI (karmavijJAna, bhAga - 1 upAcArya deveMdramunijI), pR. 137 .171. na kartRtva, na karmANi ...... pravartate // bhagavadgItA, a. 5 / 14 172. mahAbaMdho, bhAga- 1 prastAvanA (saMpA. paM. sumerucaMdra divAkara), pR. 55 173. karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa), pR. 157 174. All the World's a Stage and all the Men and Women Merely Players : Asyeulike Aet II Scene VII 175. na jAyate bhriyate vA..... kadAcinnAye // bhagavadgItA, 2 /20 176. kAlao NaM kayAI NAsI Na kayAi.... . Nicce // (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI) ThANAMgasUtra 5/3/530 177. yathA'nAdi sa jIvAtmA tathA nAdizca pudgalaH / dvayorbaMdho'pyanAdi syAt saMbaMdho jIva karmaNoH // paMcAdhyAyI, 2/35 178. astyAtmADanAdito baddhaH karmabhiH kArmaNAtmakaiH / lokaprakAza, 424

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122 179. jahA daDaDhANaM bIyANaM Na jAyati puNa aNkuraa| kamma bIesu da'Dhesu Na jAyati bhaavaaNkush|| ___ dazAzrutaskaMdha, 5115 (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni) 180. karmamImAMsA, pR. 17 181. karmavAdaH eka adhyayana, pR. 11/12/13 182. paMcAdhyAyI, 2/37 183. ya snAtvA samatAkuNDe..... para zuci // jJAnasAra, (upAdhyAya yazovijayajI) 184. ajo nityo zAzvato'yaM puraannH| kaThopaniSad, 1/2/18 185. bhagavadgItA, 2/20 186. karmavAdaH eka adhyayana, pR. 14 187. dagghe bIje tathA'tyanta ..... bhvaakuNr|| tattvArthasAra 188. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (vivecana) kI prastAvanA pR. 40 (marudhara kesarI mizrIlAlajI) 189. bujjhijjatti tiuTTijjA baMdhaNaM prijaanniyaa| (saMpA. yuvA. madhukara muni ma.sA.) sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/1 190.jJAna kA amRta, (jJAnamunijI ma.sA.), pR. 36 191. bhagavatIsUtra, za. 6 u. 3 (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni ma.sA.) 192. jJAna kA amRta, (jJAnamunijI ma.sA.), pR. 37

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tRtIya prakaraNa karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana

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123 125 125 126 126 127 128 129 129 130 131 131 s tRtIya prakaraNa karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva karmapravAha toDe binA paramAtmA nahIM banate karmavAda ke avirbhAva kA kAraNa bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA kAlAnusAra jIvana jIne kI preraNA karmamukti ke lie dharmapradhAna samAja kA nirmANa dharma-karma-saMskRti Adi kA zrIgaNeza karmavAda kA prathama upadeza : bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA karmavAda kA AvirbhAva kyoM aura kaba? karmavAda kA AviSkAra kyoM kiyA gayA? tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane yuga meM karmavAda kA AvirbhAva bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA karmavAda kA AvirbhAva gaNadharoM kI karmavAda saMbaMdhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA samutthAnakAla karmavAda ke samutthAna kA mUla srota karmavAda kA vikAsa krama : sAhitya racanA ke saMdarbha meM vizva vaicitrya ke pAMca kAraNa pratyeka kArya meM pAMca kAraNoM kA samavAya aura samanvaya ekAMta kAlavAda ekAMta svabhAvavAda ekAMta niyativAda karmavAda mImAMsA karmavAda samIkSA puruSArthavAda kI mImAMsA puruSArthavAda kI samIkSA pAMca kAraNavAdoM kA samanvaya mokSaprApti meM paMcakAraNa samavAya sarvatra paMcakAraNa samavAya se kArya siddhi s or or or mms . s s s 139 140 140 140 141 142 144 145 145 146 147

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124 147 147 karma zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa karma kA sArvabhauma sAmrAjya jainadRSTi se karma ke artha meM kriyA aura hetuoM kA samAveza pudgala kA yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa karmarUpa meM pariNamana vibhinna paraMparAoM meM karma ke samAnArthaka zabda karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI prakriyA nimitta naimittika zrRMkhalA bhAvakarma kI utpatti meM dravyakarma kAraNa kyoM mAneM ? bhAvakarma kI utpatti kaise? yoga aura kaSAya AtmA kI pravRtti ke do rUpa jitanA kaSAya tIvra-maMda utanA hI karma kA baMdha tIvra-maMda karma saMskAra rUpa bhI pudgala rUpa bhI AtmA kI vaibhAvika kriyAe~ karma haiM pramAda hI saMskAra rUpa karma (Asrava) kA kAraNa kArmaNa zarIra : kArya bhI hai kAraNa bhI hai pudgala kA karma rUpa meM pariNamana kaise? jIva ke rAgAdi pariNamana meM paudgalika karma nimitta jIva pudgala karmacakra saMdarbha-sUcI 149 150 151 152 153 154 154 155 155 155 156 157 157 158 159 160 161 162

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125 tRtIya prakaraNa karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva jaina dharma ke AgamoM aura paurANika graMthoM meM karma ke AvirbhAva kI kucha kucha jhA~kiyA~ milatI haiN| usase itanA to spaSTa rUpa se jAnA jA sakatA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM aura RSi-muniyoM ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM karmavAda kI carcA - vicAraNA avazya kI hai| jaina dharmazAstroM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra isa avasarpiNI kAla meM Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra taka jo caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue haiM, unase pahale bhI utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla ke kAlacakra meM bhI anaMta caubIsI ho cukI haiN| 1 'yaMtra maMtra taMtra vijJAna' 2 aura 'jaina thoka saMgraha' 3 meM bhI yaha bAta kahI hai| yaha siddhAMta sabhI tIrthaMkara, kevalajJAnI (sarvajJa) mahAna AtmAoM ke lie abAdhita hai ki cAra ghAti ( AtmaguNa ghAtaka) karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya kiye binA koI bhI mAnava tIrthaMkara, kevalajJAnI yA arhat, jIvanmukta paramAtmA nahIM ho sakatA aura siddha buddha mukta "hone ke lie AThoM hI karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya karanA anivArya hai| karmapravAha ko tor3e binA paramAtmA nahIM banate jagata ke jIvoM ke sAtha jaise AtmA anAdikAla se hai, vaise hI karma bhI pravAha rUpa se anAdikAla se hai, kintu jaise vyaktizaH karma kI Adi hai vaise usakA aMta bhI hai| A nizcaya dRSTi se anAdi anaMta hai yadi aisA na hotA to tIrthaMkara, jIvanmukta, vItarAga paramAtmA cAra ghAti karmoM kA kSaya kyoM aura kaise karate ? aura vItarAga banane ke pazcAt bhI zeSa rahe cAra aghAti karmoM kA kSaya kyoM aura kaise karate aura siddha buddha mukta niraMjana nirAkAra paramAtmA kaise hote? isalie yaha nirvivAda hai ki karma kA pravAha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| pramANamImAMsA meM kalikAla sarvajJa zrI hemacaMdrAcArya ne kahA hai- anAdikAla se .pravAha rUpa se, zabda rUpa se nahIM to bhAva rUpa se karma kA pravAha calA A rahA hai| karmavAda Adi vidyAoM kA Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra taka samayasamaya para vistRta rUpa se nayI-nayI zailI meM pratipAdana hotA rahA hai| isa dRSTi se karma siddhAMta ke pratipAdana kartA tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara, AcArya Adi kahalAte haiM / 4 jainadharma kisI deza videza meM eka samAna bhale hI dikhAI na detA ho, kintu jainadharma aura karmavAda kA, sUrya aura usakI kiraNa ke samAna ghaniSTha saMbaMdha rahA hai| isalie yaha kahana

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126 atyukti nahIM hogI ki karmavAda bhI pravAha rUpa se anAdi hai yaha abhUtapUrva nahIM hai| naye naye DhaMga se usakA vizleSaNa vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM avazya huA hai| ata: jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se kAlacakra ke antargata isa avasarpiNI kAla meM Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke yuga se karma siddhAMta kA AvirbhAva mAnanA anupayukta nahIM hogaa| karmavAda ke avirbhAva kA kAraNa Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva yA AviSkaraNa mAnane meM eka prabala kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki jaina itihAsa ke anusAra usa yuga se pahale taka bhogabhUmi kA sAmrAjya thA, yaugalika kAla thaa| sabhyatA, saMskRti, dharma aura karma ke viSaya meM ve loga sarvathA anabhijJa the| dharma aura saMskRti kA karma aura sabhyatA kA zrIgaNeza nahIM huA thaa| bAlaka-bAlikA yugala rUpa meM janma lete the aura yugalarUpa se hI ve dAmpatya saMbaMdha joDa lete the| aMta meM eka yugala ko janma dekara ve isa loka se vidA ho jAte the| ve apanAjIvana nirvAha vanoM meM rahakara phalaphUla vanaspati Adi se kara lete the| khetI bADI agni kA upayoga, vinimaya, vyavasAya, bartana Adi nirmANa kA AviSkAra usa samaya nahIM huA thA, isa prakAra una logoM kA jIvana zAMta, madhura aura prakRti para nirbhara thaa| prAkRtika saMpadAe~ pracura mAtrA meM yatra-tatra milatI thii| isa kAraNa unameM kabhI Apasa meM saMgharSa, kalaha, mana-muTAva nahIM hotA thA, unake krodhAdi kaSAya atyaMta maMda the| svArtha, lobha, lAlasA, tRSNA, saMgrahavRtti Adi bhI unameM atyaMta kama thI, kintu isa bhogabhUmi kAla kA jaba tirobhAva hone jA rahA thA, ina saba meM parivartana Ane lgaa| yaugalika kAla lagabhaga samApta ho calA thaa| saMtati vRddhi hone lgii| isase janasaMkhyA bhI baDhane lgii| udhara prAkRtika saMpadA meM koI vRddhi nahIM ho rahI thI, vaha utanI hI thI ata: jIvana nirvAha ke sAdhanoM meM kamI hone lgii| jahA~ abhAva hotA hai vahA~ jana svabhAva bhI badalane lagatA hai| isa dRSTi se logoM ke jIvana meM nirvAha ke sAdhanoM ke lie paraspara saMgharSa hone lgaa| pratidina ke saMgharSa se logoM kA jIvana kaluSita hone lgaa| paraspara kalaha aura manomAlinya baDhane lgaa| aisI sthiti meM yaugalika janatA usa yuga ke kulakara nAbhirAya ke pAsa paha~ce aura vartamAna saMkaTa ke nivAraNa ke lie upAya pachane lge| taba nAbhirAyajI ne apane suputra bhAvI tIrthaMkara ke pAsa mArgadarzana lene ko khaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA kAlAnusAra jIvana jIne kI preraNA bhagavAna RSabhadeva usa yuga meM parama avadhijJAna saMpanna mahAna puruSa the| unhoMne yaugalika janoM ke asaMtoSa, pArasparika saMgharSa ke kAraNa aura usake nivAraNa kA upAya batAte hue kahA - "prajAjanoM aba bhogabhUmi kAla samApta ho calA hai, aura karmabhUmi kAla kA prAraMbha ho cukA hai| aba tuma loga usI purAne Dharre ke anusAra prAkRtika saMpadAoM se hI apanA nirvAha

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127 karanA cAho, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| tuma dekha rahe ho ki janasaMkhyA tejI se baDhatI jA rahI hai aura vanasaMpadA yA prAkRtika saMpadA kama hotI jA rahI hai | " aisI sthiti meM aba tumheM karmabhUmi ke anusAra jIvana - nirvAha ke lie kucha na kucha karma (vartamAna kAlika puruSArtha) karanA cAhie, isake binA koI cArA nahIM hai| tuma cAho ki kucha bhI karma na karanA paDe aura prakRti se sIdhe hI jIvana nirvAha ke sAdhana mila jAyeM, aisA aba nahIM ho sakatA / yadyapi kisI bhI kriyA yA pravRtti ke karane se karmoM kA Agamana (Astrava) avazyaMbhAvI hai aura tuma loga ekadama karma se akarma (karmamukta ) sthiti prApta kara lo, yaha bhI atIva duSkara hai tathApi kriyA karate samaya agara tuma meM rAga, dveSa Asakti, moha, mamatA Adi kama hogeM aura sAvadhAnI . evaM jAgRti rakhI jAegI to pApakarmoM kA baMdha nahIM hogaa| isalie gRhastha jIvana kI bhUmikA meM tumheM ve hI karma (kriyA yA pravRttiyA~) karane haiM, jo atyaMta Avazyaka hoM, sAttvika hoM, ahiMsaka hoM, paraspara premabhAvavardhaka hoM / - isake lie unhoMne mukhyatayA asi, masi aura kRSi ye tIna mukhya karma evaM vividha zilpa tathA kalAe~ usa samaya ke strI puruSoM ko sikhaaii| kRSikarma, kuMbhakAra karma, gRhanirmANa, vastranirmANa, bhojananirmANa Adi karma unhoMne svayaM karake janahita kI dRSTi se janatA ko sikhAe / 9 kalpasUtra 10 10 meM bhI yaha batAyA hai| ina saba kalAoM, vidyAoM, zilpoM Adi se. janatA ko prazikSita karane ke pIche unakA uddezya yahI thA ki janatA paraspara saMgharSazIla evaM kaSAyamukta hokara, azubha (pApa) karma se bace tathA bhaviSya meM zubha karma karate hue zuddha pariNati kI ora muDakara saMvara nirjarArUpa Atmadharma kI ora mudd'e| agara bhagavAna RSabhadeva usa samaya kI yaugalika janatA ko sat sAtvika kAryoM kA upadeza evaM prazikSaNa na dete to bahu saMbhava thA, janatA paraspara lar3a bhir3akara, saMgharSa aura kalaha karake tabAha ho jAtI / sabala loga nirbaloM para anyAya, atyAcAra karate, unheM mAra kATakara samApta kara dete athavA atyAcAra evaM zoSaNa se pIDita janatA rojI, roTI, surakSA evaM zAMti ke abhAva meM svayaM hI samApta ho jAtI yA phira vaha pIDita janatA vidroha, lUTa, mAra-kATa aura arAjakatA para utara jaatii| isa prakAra arAjaka evaM niraMkuza janatA hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, ThagI, beImAnI, anyAya, atyAcAra Adi pApa karmoM meM pravRtta ho jAtI / karmamukti ke lie dharmapradhAna samAja kA nirmANa bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne sarvaprathama samagra janatA ko rAjyasaMgaThana (rAjyazAsana) meM Abaddha kiyaa| phira unhoMne brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAroM varga ke logoM ko prazikSaNa dekara janazAsana bnaayaa| sabako apane kartavya kA mArgadarzana kiyaa| isa prakAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne zubha karma (sAttvika kArya) aura dharma se saMbaMdhita tathyoM kA mArgadarzana diyA /

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128 .tatkAlIna samagra janatA ne unheM vidhivat rAjyAbhiSeka karake apanA rAjA aura jana nAyaka bnaayaa| isa prakAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva prathama samrATa hue / 19 jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti 12 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| jaba bhagavAna ne dekhA ki aba rAjya zAsana aura janazAsana donoM vyavasthita DhaMga se cala rahe haiN| naitikatA pradhAna zubha karma evaM lokadharma donoM jana jIvana meM vyApta ho gaye haiM / phira bhI hAkAra, mAkAra aura dhikkAra ina tInoM daMDakramoM ke kAraNa janatA meM arAjakatA anIti, anyAya, atyAcAra Adi aparAdha bahuta hI kama ho pAte the / 13 jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti sUtra14 triSaSThizalAkApuruSacaritra 15 aura AdipurANa 16 meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai, paraMtu bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko to samagra janatA ko zuddha lokottara dharma pAlana kI ora moDanA thA, tAki janatA karmoM se mukta hone kA puruSArtha kara sake aura siddha ( svabhAvarUpa) buddha, mukta (siddha) paramAtmA bana ske| isake lie sarvaprathama nimnokta kahAvata 'Charity begin's at home' ke anusAra svayaM se prAraMbha kiyaa| svayaM sarvaviratI mahAvratI anagAra bane aura jinazAsana (dharmasaMgha) kA nirmANa kiyaa| prathama tIrthaMkara bane / rAjyazAsana apane donoM pratApI evaM zAsanakuzala putroM- bharata aura bAhubalI ko sauNpaa| zeSa 98 putroM ko choTe-choTe rAjyoM ke zAsaka bnaae| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke sAtha 4000 anya vyaktiyoM ne dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| Avazyaka niryukti 17 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| donoM dharmoM kA lakSya eka hI thA / karmoM sarvathA mukti pAnA, mokSa prApta krnaa| bAda meM unake 99 putroM aura donoM putriyoM (brAhmIsuMdarI) ne bhI sAdhu dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI / dharma-karma - saMskRti Adi kA zrIgaNeza niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva se pUrva usa yuga meM dharma, karma, saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA zrIgaNeza nahIM huA thaa| unhoMne grAma aura nagara basAkara usa yuga kI janatA ko sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA prazikSaNa diyA, karmavAda se bhalI bhA~ti paricita kraayaa| azubhakarma karane se rokA, zubha karma se bhI Age baDhakara zuddha dharma kA pAlana karane aura karmoM se mukta hone athavA karmakSaya karane kI preraNA dii| unhoMne prAraMbha se hI dharmapradhAna samAja kI racanA kI, usameM artha aura kAma ko gauNa rakhA aura mokSa puruSArtha ko jIvana kA aMtima lakSya btaayaa| isameM kahIM bhI unhoMne devI devatA kI mAnyatAoM kA samarthana na dete hue Atma zakti ko sarva zreSTha mAnA hai, tathA sRSTa prANiyoM kI vividhatA aura vicitratA kA kAraNa bAhya tattvoM meM na DhUMDhate hue~ aMtarAtmA meM DhUMDhane kI preraNA dI, tathA janatA ko yahI upadeza diyA ki sabhI jIvoM ke apane pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala svarUpa ye saba vividhatAe~ evaM vicitratAe~ haiM /

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129 zrImad bhAgavata19 meM RSabhadeva kA bahuta vistAra se varNana hai| anya purANa graMthoM meM bhI RSabhadeva ke jIvana prasaMga kA varNana hai| bauddha paraMparA ke mahanIya graMtha dhammapada meM bhI RSabhadeva ko sarvazreSTha aura dhIra pratipAdita kiyA hai|20 karmavAda kA prathama upadeza : bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne apane putroM ko upadeza diyA ki 'he putroM! tuma saMbodha prApta karo, smjho| yaha bhautika rAjya, sukha saMpadA, bhoga sAmagrI Adi prApta bhI kara lI to bhI tumheM zAMti, samAdhi aura svataMtratA nahIM milegii| yahA~ yaha maukA cUka gaye to paraloka meM saMbodhi kA pAnA bahuta durlabha hai| jo rAtriyA~ bIta jAtI haiM ve lauTakara vApasa nahIM AtI aura yaha manuSya jIvana bhI jo karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya kara ke mokSa pAne ke lie hai, punaH sulabha nahIM hai|21 zrImad bhAgavata purANa meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne apane putroM ko upadeza dete hue kahA ki he putro, kAma bhogoM para garva na karo, ina bhogoM ko to viSTA khAne vAle zUkara Adi pazu bhI bhogate haiN| tuma rAjaputra ho, tumhArA yaha zarIra kAma bhogoM ke sevana ke lie nahIM, kintu karma. mukti ke hetu divyatapa karane ke lie hai, jisase aMta:karaNa zuddha ho kyoMki zuddha aMta:karaNa meM anaMta brahma (AtmA) sukha kI prApti hotI hai|22 ___ bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne apane putroM ko kitanI suMdara preraNAe~ dI haiN| unhoMne svayaM ne saMyama, tapa, tyAga aura vairAgya meM apanI AtmA ko vizuddha evaM karmamalarahita banAne kI dezanA dI hai|23 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 24 javAhara kiraNAvalI25 aura triSaSThizalAkApuruSacaritra26 meM bhI yaha kahA hai| isase spaSTa dhvanita hotA hai ki Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva karmavAda ke rahasya aura dharmAcaraNa meM puruSArtha ke puraskartA the, isalie yaha ni:saMdeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla meM karmavAda kA AvirbhAva jainadRSTi se Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke yuga meM huA hai| karmavAda kA AvirbhAva kyoM aura kaba? AvirbhAva yA AviSkAra AvazyakatA hone para hotA hai| saMsAra meM koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM hai, jisakA AviSkAra AvazyakatA ke binA huA ho| pAzcAtya jagat kA yaha mAnA huA siddhAMta ki AvazyakatA AviSkAra kI jananI hai' / 27 jaba manuSya ko kRtrima prakAza kI AvazyakatA huI to bijalI kA AviSkAra huaa| jaba use samudra ke athAha jala para sahI salAmata calane aura apane gantavya sthAna para pahu~cane kI icchA huI to usane sTImara (vASpajalayAna) kA AviSkAra kiyA, jo eka hI sAtha saikar3oM Tana vajana apanI chAtI para

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_130 uThAye, samudra ke athAha jala para tairatA huA manuSya ko dUra-sudUra gantavya sthAna taka le jAtA hai| jaba manuSya ko AkAza meM uDakara drutagati se kucha hI ghaMToM meM hajAroM mIla dUra gantavya sthAna para pahu~cane kI AvazyakatA huI, samaya kI bacata karane kI icchA huI to usane eka se baDhakara eka zIghragAmI vAyuyAnoM kA AviSkAra kiyaa| sthala para zIghra gati meM pahu~cane kI icchA se usane relagADI, moTaragADI, basa Adi kA AviSkAra kiyA, jo zIghra hI gantavya sthala taka pahu~cA detI hai| saikaDoM Tana mAla eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para pahu~cAne ke lie mAlagADI, bhAravAhaka Traka kA AviSkAra mAnava buddhi kI upaja hai| isI prakAra mAnava ne apane bhautika jIvanayApana ke lie jina-jina vastuoM, utpAdaka yaMtroM, mazInoM Adi kA AviSkAra kiyaa| dUra sudUra baiThe hue vyakti se bAtacIta karane ke lie usane phona, mobAIla, vAyaralesa Adi kA, usakA citra tathA vANI sunane Adi kI AvazyakatA paDI to usane reDio, Telivijana, vIDiyo kaiseTa Adi kA AviSkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra mAnava ne eka se baDhakara eka AviSkAra jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie kiye| itanA hI nahIM, kitanI hI aisI vastue~ bhI mAnava ne AviSkRta kI haiM jo sabako Azcarya meM DAlane vAlI haiN| kitane hI aise padArthoM kA AviSkAra bhI usane kiyA jo usake nagara, gA~va yA vizva ke mAnava baMdhu ke lie atyaMta hAnikAraka evaM vinAzakArI haiN|28 karmavAda kA AviSkAra kyoM kiyA gayA? ___ karmavAda kA AviSkAra kyoM kiyA gayA? Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samakSa kauna sI aisI paristhitiyA~ thI, kauna sI aisI AvazyakatA thI athavA kauna sI aisI vivazatAe~ thI jinake kAraNa unheM karmavAda saMbaMdhI itanA sUkSma ciMtana jagat ke samakSa prastuta karanA paDA? vaise to pratyeka kAlacakra meM hone vAle tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prastuta karmavAda ko pravAha rUpa se anAdi mAnA hai, to isa avasarpiNI kAla meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko karmavAda kA AviSkAraka kyoM mAnA? kyoMki usa samaya janatA kI vRddhi aura kalpavRkSoM kA abhAva jisake kAraNa janatA meM asaMtoSa, atyAcAra, anaitikatA, chInA-jhapaTI, kalaha tathA dhArmika tattvoM ke prati anabhijJatA, phalata: manamAnA AcaraNa evaM svacchandAcAra Adi aneka vikaTa saMkaTa upasthita the| ___usa yuga kA mAnava dharma, karma, kartavya aura dAyitva se bilkula abodha thA, aise samaya meM Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne usa yuga kI janatA ko naitika dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika patha para lAne ke lie karmavAda kA sAMgopAMga bodha diyA unhoMne svayaM anagAra banakara pUrvabaddha karmoM se mukti pAne ke lie kaThora sAdhanA kii| unhoMne dharmasaMgha (dharmatIrtha) sthApita kiyaa|

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131 janatA ke samakSa karmavAda kA AvirbhAva hI nahIM, pracAra prasAra bhI huaa|29 yaha huA prAgaitihAsika kAla meM karmavAda kA sarvaprathama AvirbhAva kA kaarnn| kalpasUtra3deg aura jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti31 meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane yuga meM karmavAda kA AvirbhAva ___ isa avasarpiNIkAla ke kAlakrama meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara hote haiM, ho cuke haiN|32 eka tIrthaMkara ke pazcAta dUsare tIrthaMkara hone meM saikaDoM hajAroM lAkhoM varSoM kA antarAla ho jAtA hai|33 isI avasarpiNI yuga ke bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke siddha buddha mukta ho jAne ke bAda Age ke dvitIya tIrthaMkara ke Ane taka meM lAkhoM varSoM kA samaya ho gyaa| vaMdanIya sAdhujanoM34 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| itanA laMbA vyavadhAna janatA kI tattvajJAna kI smRti, dhAraNA yA paraMparA ko dhUmila kara detA hai| janatA apane samaya ke tIrthaMkara ke dvArA AvirbhUta karmavAda se saiddhAMtika tattvoM evaM tathyoM ko dhIre-dhIre vismRta ho jAtI hai| isalie yuga-yuga meM eka tIrthaMkara ke mukta ho jAne ke bAda dUsarA tIrthaMkara AtA hai, aura janatA meM suSupta vismRta evaM dhUmila paDe hue siddhAMtoM ko jAgRta evaM AviSkRta karate haiM, smaraNa karAte haiM aura usa para paDI huI vismRti kI dhUla kI parata ko haTAte haiN| . isa prakAra hara mahAyuga meM naye AnevAle tIrthaMkara apane yuga kI paristhiti aura AvazyakatA ko dekhakara karmavAda kA AvirbhAva aura AviSkAra karate haiN| isakI jhA~kiyA~ jainAgama meM tathA jainAcAryoM evaM manISI, muniyoM dvArA likhita graMthoM meM milatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA karmavAda kA AvirbhAva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana kA lekhA jokhA sUtrakRtAMga, 35 kalpasUtra36 aura AcArAMga sUtra37 Adi aneka zAstroM meM vizada rUpa se varNana aMkita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne saMyama aMgIkAra karake sADebAraha varSa taka tapazcaryA tathA mauna sAdhanA kii| tapa sAdhanA ke pazcAt jaba unhoMne mauna kholA taba janatA ke sAmane prathama upadeza diyA 'ki 'mA haNo-mAha No' yAne ki koI bhI jIvoM ko mata maaro| jIva hiMsA se karma baMdha hotA hai isa prakAra janatA ko karmavAda kA jItA jAgatA rahasya smjhaayaa| jo loga karmavAda ke siddhAMta ko vismRta ho gaye the unheM bhI karma aura karmaphala ke rahasya kA sAkSAtkAra ho gyaa|30 gaNadharoM kI karmavAda saMbaMdhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrthaMkara banane ke pazcAt jo gyAraha dhuraMdhara vidvAna paMDita unake saMparka meM Aye ve vedapAThI brAhmaNa the| una paMDitoM ke mana meM AtmA, paramAtmA, svarga-naraka

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132 mokSa, karma evaM karmaphala ke prati viSaya meM unake mana meM saMzaya thA, una gyAraha gaNadharoM kI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne kiyA hai| dUsare bhAvI gaNadhara agnibhUti ne to karma ke astitva ke viSaya meM zaMkA vyakta kI thii|39 usake samAdhAna ke prasaMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karma kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| sAtha hI karma mUrta, pariNAmI, vicitra, anAdi kAla saMbaMddha aura adRSTa hai ityAdi karmavAda saMbaMdhI rahasyoM kA bhI udghATana kiyA hai| - bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ina gyAraha hI vidvAna brAhmaNoM kI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karmavAda kI dRSTi se kiyA, taba gyAraha brAhmaNoM ne satya ko samajhakara karmakSaya kI sAdhanA karane ke lie sva-icchA se apane ziSya samudAya ke sAtha munidharma aMgIkAra kiyA aura karmoM ko khapAkara siddha, buddha, mukta hue| kevalajJAna hote hI caturvidha saMgha sthApanA ke pazcAt bhagavAna karmavijJAna saMbaMdhI apane anubhava jJAnanidhi sArvajanika rUpa se vitarita karane lge| unhoMne sAMsArika jIvoM kI Adhi, vyAdhi, upAdhi tathA vividha avasthAoM kA mUla kAraNa karma ko btaayaa| kRtakarmoM ko bhoge binA chUTakArA nahIM ho paataa| AtmA se paramAtmA ke pRthak bhAva ko bhI karma janita btaayaa| jahA~ jahA~ bhI avasara milA athavA jo jo jijJAsu Ae, unake saMgha ke sAdhuoM ke saMparka meM Aye yuktisaMgata carcAe~ kI, karmavAda kI hI pratiSThA kii| brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra varNoM ko janma se mahAna nahIM balki karma se mahAnatA kA siddhAMta nirUpaNa kiyaa|40 aura bhagavatIsUtra meM yatra-tatra karmavAda ke AviSkAraNa kI carcA milatI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhautikavAdI zarIra ke nAza hone ke bAda kRtakarmoM kA phala bhoga karane vAle tathA punarjanma grahaNa karane vAle kisI sthAI tatva ko nahIM mAnate karmavAda kI dRSTi se AtmA mUlarUpa meM kabhI naSTa nahIM hotI, karma ke kAraNa vibhinna yoniyoM aura gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatI hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karmavAda siddhAMta kA AvirbhAva kiyaa| karmavAda kA mUla srota karmavAda kA AvirbhAva to pravAha rUpa se anAdi hai, nayA nahIM, phira bhI isa kAlacakra ke avasarpiNIkAla ke prAraMbha se Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke yuga se prAgaitihAsika kAla prAraMbha hotA hai, isalie prAgaitihAsika kAla se karmavAda kA mUla-srota aura usase saMbaMdhita pratyeka pahaluoM kA vizada pratipAdana jitanA jaina paraMparA meM milatA hai utanA anya paraMparA meM nhiiN|42

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133 jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA samutthAnakAla vartamAna yuga tarka pradhAna hai| zikSita, adhyAtma premiyoM tathA jainetara jijJAsuoM samAdhAna hetu aitihAsika pramANa ke AdhAra para karmavAda kA udbhava aura AvirbhAva huA hai, yadyapi karmatattva saMbaMdhI prakriyA itanI prAcIna hai ki usa viSaya meM nizcitarUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki karmavAda kA samutthAna aura vikAsa kaba se prAraMbha huA? itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrvakAla meM bhI karmatattva ciMtakoM meM paraspara vicAra vimarza paryApta mAtrA . huA karatA thA / pratyeka nivartaka dhArA ke ciMtaka vargoM ne apane darzana meM karmavAda kA eka yA dUsare rUpa meM avazya hI vicAra kiyA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina manISiyoM ne 14 pUrva zAstroM meM se karmapravAda pUrva ke rUpa meM upanibaddha evaM vizruta huI hai| 'yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hai ki isa samaya jo jaina dharma zvetAMbara, digaMbara zAkhA rUpa meM vartamAna hai| isa samaya jitanA jaina tattvajJAna hai, aura jo viziSTa paraMparA hai vaha bha mahAvIra ke vicAra kA citra hai / ataH karmavAda ke samutthAna kA yahI samaya azaMkanIya samajhanA caahie| karmavAda ke samutthAna kA mUla srota zvetAMbara aura digaMbara donoM hI paraMparAe~ samAna rUpa se mAnatI haiM ki bAraha aMga aura .caudaha pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vizada upadezoM kA sAkSAt phala hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha samagra karmazAstra zabda aura bhAvarUpa se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA gaNadhara devoM ke samakSa sAkSAt upadiSTa hai|43 dUsarA abhimata yaha hai ki samasta aMga zAstra ( dvAdazAMgI) bhAvarUpa se bhagavAna mahAvIra kAlika hI nahIM apitu, pUrva meM hue anyAnya tIrthaMkaroM se bhI pUrvakAla kA hai, arthAt vaha anAdi hai, kintu pravAha rUpa se anAdi hote hue bhI samaya-samaya para honevAle tIrthaMkaroM dvArA ve aMgazAstra (aMgavidyAe~) nayA nayA rUpa dhAraNa karatI rahIM / 44 gaNadharadeva artharUpa (bhAvarUpa se) upadiSTa aMga vidyAoM ko zabdabaddha, sUtrabaddha evaM vyavasthita rUpa se saMkalita, grathita karate haiN| samavAyAMga, 45 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 46 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| jaina AgamoM meM se koI bhI Agama yA dvAdazAMgI ke dRSTivAda ko choDakara gyAraha aMgoM meM se koI bhI aMgazAstra aisA nahIM hai, jisameM kevala karmavAda saMbaMdhI vistRta vivecana ho / vartamAna meM upalabdha jaina AgamoM meM jaina karmavAda kA svarUpa evaM vivecana amuka pramANa meM kisI eka do adhyayana zataka yA uddezaka meM chuTapuTa rUpa meM huA hai, vaha bhI hu hI saMkSepa meM hai| ata: itane alpa pramANa meM upalabdha vivecana karmavAda ke mahattva evaM rahasya ko ujAgara

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134 karane meM aMgarUpa nahIM bana sktaa| kintu jaina dRSTi se karmavAda ke samutthAna evaM vikAsa kA mUla srota karmapravAda pUrva (jo 14 pUrvoM meM se eka pUrva) nAmaka mahAzAstra hai| isameM karmavAda athavA karmatattva se saMbaMdhita sAMgopAMga evaM vistRta varNana thA / isake atirikta agrAyaNIya nAmaka dvitIya pUrva ke eka vibhAga kA nAma thA - karma prAbhRta (karma - pAhuDa) tathA paMcama pUrva ke vibhAga kA nAma thA kaSAya (pAhuDa) prAbhRta ina donoM prAbhRtoM meM bhI karma se saMbaMdhita vibhinna pahaluoM para sAMgopAMga vizada vivecana thA / caturdaza vibhAgoM meM vibhakta pUrvavidyA kA yaha (karmavAda saMbaMdhI) vibhAga sabase atIva mahattvapUrNa evaM sabase pahale thA / karmavAda saMbaMdhI ina pUrvazAstroM kA astitva taka mAnA jAtA hai, jaba taka pUrvavidyA kA viccheda nahIM huA / zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa ke nau sau athavA eka hajAra varSa taka pUrva vidyA sarvathA vicchinna nahIM huI thI ataH yahIM se hI karmavAda ke samutthAna evaM vikAsa kA prAraMbha samajhanA cAhie / graMthakAroM ke kSayopazama ke anusAra vastu varNana evaM tattvoM ke vivecana meM vizadatAavizadatA, sugamatA-durgamatA yA nyUnAdhikatA avazya huI hai aura honI saMbhava hai, kintu donoM saMpradAyoM ke mahAna manISiyoM dvArA racita vipula karma sAhitya ko dekhate hue yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki unhoMne karma siddhAMta kA gaurava kama kiyA hai| isa prakAra sahaja anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki karmavAda kA uttarottara samutthAna aura vikAsa jaina manISiyoM ne kisa prakAra kiyA hai| yahI karmaviSayaka vipula sAhitya jaina -darzana kI 'bahumUlya nidhi hai| karmavAda jainadarzana kA asAdhAraNa evaM pramukha vAda hai / ata: nayavAda, pramANavAda Adi vAdoM kI taraha karmavAda kA samutthAna bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra se hI samajhanA caahie| jaina darzana kA gaharAI se adhyayana karane vAle jAnate haiM ki karmavAda kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana (dharmasaMgha) ke sAtha itanA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai ki karmavAda ko usase pRthaka kara diyA jAya to aisA pratIta hogA mAno jIva se prANa ko alaga kara diyA ho / vastutaH karmavAda jaina siddhAMta kI carcAoM kA mUla srota hai| bhAratIya tattva ciMtana meM usakA viziSTa sthAna hai / aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna bhI karmavAda para AdhArita hai / 47 karmavAda kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana evaM use hRdayaMgama kiye binA koI bhI vyakti jaina siddhAMta kA samyak marmajJa nahIM ho sakatA na hI usakI aneka aTapaTI gutthiyoM ko AsAnI se sulajhA sakatA hai| 1 karmavijJAna vizeSajJoM ne karma se saMbaddha vibhinna tathyoM ko pAribhASika zabdoM meM Abaddha karake saiddhAMtika rUpa de diyA hai| aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina vAGmaya meM karma sAhitya kA

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135 vahI sthAna hai, jo saMskRta sAhitya meM vyAkaraNa kA hai| jaise vyAkaraNa saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha sAhitya ko anuprANita evaM nirvacanIkRta karatA hai, vaise hI karmazAstra jaina darzana evaM jaina dharma ke samagra sAhitya ko anuprANita evaM nirvacanI kRta karatA hai / zabda zAstra, zabda racanA ko niyama baddha karatA hai / usI prakAra karmazAstra bhI karmatattvoM ko niyama baddha karatA hai / ata: jaina vAGmaya meM karmazAstra athavA karmagraMtha ke rUpa meM prakhyAta karmasAhitya mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| svataMtra karmagraMthoM ke atirikta vyAkhyAprajJapti, prajJApanA, uttarAdhyayana, vipAkasUtra, nirayAvalikA Adi AgamoM meM tathA paravartI AcAryoM evaM karmazAstra ke marmajJoM dvArA racita graMthoM meM karma saMbaMdhI carcA vicAraNA vizadarUpa se huI hai / 48 jaina AcAryoM ne karmavAda kI garimA aura unake mUla hArda ko unhoMne surakSita rakhA / karmavAda ke vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM jainAcAryoM dvArA racita karma viSayaka sAhitya para dRSTipAta karate haiM, to hameM gaurava kA anubhava hotA hai, ki karma siddhAMta pAribhASika zabdAvaliyoM aura gUDha paribhASAoM meM jaTila aura duruha banA huA thA, use karmavAda marmajJoM ne bahuta hI sarala tathA loka bhAgya banA diyA / karmavAda kA vikAsa krama : sAhitya racanA ke saMdarbha meM karmavAda kA yaha vikAsa kisa krama se huA, kaba-kaba huA ? isa saMbaMdha meM anAdikAla se pravAha calA A rahA hai| karmavAda kA bhagavAna mahAvIra se lekara aba taka DhAI hajAra varSa kucha adhika samaya taka uttarottara jo saMkalana huA hai, usa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| ukta saMkalana ko hama tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| yaha tIna vibhAga karmavAda ke uttarottara vikAsa ke tIna mahAyuga samajhane caahie| se ve tIna vibhAga isa prakAra haiM - 1) pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra 2) pUrvoddhRta athavA Akara karmazAstra 3) prAkaraNika karmazAstra 1) pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra karmavAda kA pUrvAtmaka rUpa meM saMkalana karmavAda ke vikAsa kA prathama mahAyuga thA / pUrvAtmaka rUpa se saMkalita karmazAstra sabase vizAla aura sabase prathama hai, kyoMki isakA astitva taba taka mAnA jAtA hai, jaba taka ki pUrva vidyA vicchinna nahIM huI thI / 49 2) pUrvoddhRta karmazAstra pUrvoddhRta rUpa meM karmavAda ke vikAsa kA dvitIya mahAyuga thA / ise Akara karmazAstra bhI

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136 kahate haiN| yadyapi pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra yaha vibhAga kAphI choTA hai, kintu karmazAstra ke vartamAna adhyetA kI dRSTi se kAphI baDA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda lagabhaga 900 yA 1000 varSa taka pUrva vidyAoM kA hrAsa hone lagA thaa| usa samaya dasa pUrvadhArI AcAryoM ko karma viSayaka jJAna kA smaraNa thaa| unase grahaNa dhAraNa ke Akara karmazAstra likhe gye| yaha bhAga sAkSAt pUrvo se uddhRta mAnA jAtA hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki zvetAMbara aura digaMbara donoM hI paraMparA ke vidvAnoM dvArA racita karmazAstroM meM yaha pUrvoddhata aMza vidyamAna hai, kyoMki aisA dekhA gayA hai ki pUrva vidyA kA mUla aMza vidyamAna na rahane ke kAraNa inameM kahIM kahIM zrRMkhalA khaNDita ho gaI hai, phira bhI pUrva se uddhRta paryApta aMza surakSita hai| zvetAMbara saMpradAya se karmaprakRti, zataka, paMcasaMgraha aura saptatikA ye cAra mahAgraMtha pUrvoddhRta mAne jAte haiN| karmaprakRti-AcArya zivazarma sUri dvArA racitta hai|50 jisakA samaya vikrama kI pAMcavI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| isameM karmasaMbaMdhI baMdhana, saMkramaNa, udvartanA, apavartanA, udIraNA, nidhatti, nikAcanA evaM niSecanA ina 8 karaNoM kA tathA udaya aura sattA ina do avasthAoM kA varNana hai| paMcasaMgraha mahAgraMtha AcArya caMdrarSi mahattara dvArA racita hai| isameM yogopayoga, mArgaNA, baMdhavya, baMdha-hetu aura baMdha-vidhi ina pAMca dvAroM tathA zatakAdi pAMca graMthoM kA samAveza hone se isakA paMcasaMgraha nAma sArthaka hai| digaMbara saMpradAya meM mahAkarmaprakRti prAbhRta tathA kaSAyaprAbhRta, ye do graMtha pUrvo se uddhRta mAne jAte haiN| 3) prAkaraNika karmazAstra pUrvoddhata karmazAstra ke pazcAt karmavAda ke vikAsa kA yaha tIsarA mahAyuga thaa| yaha tRtIya vibhAga kA saMkalana kA phala hai| isameM karma saMbaMdhI aneka choTe bar3e prakaraNa graMthoM kA adhyayana adhyApana vizeSata: pracalita hai| . ina prAkaraNika karmazAstra kA saMkalana saMpAdana vikrama kI AThavI, nauvI zatAbdI se lekara solahavI, satrahavI zatAbdI taka huA hai| yaha karma sAhitya racanA kA utkarSakAla hai| isa kAla meM karma siddhAMta para vibhinna AcAryoM dvArA racita prakaraNa graMthoM ke paThana pAThana kI ora vizeSa ruci jgii| karmavAda viSayaka prakaraNa graMthoM ke paThana-pAThana ko isa yuga meM adhika protsAhana bhI milaa| isake mukhya do kAraNa haiM- madhyayuga ke AcAryoM kA dhyAna anyAnya viSayoM se haTakara karma viSayaka prAkaraNika graMthoM kI racanA kI ora AkarSita huaa| phalata: unhoMne kramabaddha evaM vyavasthita DhaMga se karmazAstra ko nirmita evaM pallavita kiyaa| isalie ina prakaraNa graMthoM ke adhyayana adhyApana ko protsAhana milane kA pahalA kAraNa yaha hai ki karmaprakRti, paMcasaMgraha Adi pUrvoddhRta graMtha bahuta hI vizAla evaM gahana haiN|51

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137 zvetAMbara karmasAhitya meM 6 prAcIna karmagraMthoM kI racanA bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM dvArA bhinna-bhinna samaya meM kI gii| prAcIna SaTkarmagraMthoM ke nAma kramaza: isa prakAra haiN| 1) karma vipAka, 2) karma stava, 3) baMdha svAmitva, 4) SaDazIti, 5) zataka, 6) spttikaa| AcArya devendrasUri ne prAcIna karmagraMthoM ko naye DhaMga se prastuta kiyaa| nAma ve hI rakhe sirpha pratyeka bhAga ke pUrva 'bRhat' zabda lgaayaa| pharka itanA hI hai ki naye karmagraMtha kI sAija kama kara dI yAne ki viSaya chuTA nahIM hai| lekina pUrva kI apekSA karmagraMtha kA rUpa choTA huA hai| digaMbara saMpradAya meM pUrvoddhRta karmazAstra ke saMdarbha meM AcArya puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali ne vikrama kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta (dUsarA nAma karmaprAbhRta) kI racanA kii| isake chaha khaNDa haiM- jIvasthAna, kSudrakabaMdha, baMdha-svAmitva, vicaya, vedanA, vargaNA, mahAbaMdha ise SaT khaNDAgama bhI kahate haiN| isa para ati vistRta dhavalA TIkA hai| AcArya guNadhara ne kaSAya prAbhRta usakA (apara nAma pejjadosapAhuDa = preyadoSa prAbhRta) kI racanA kii| jayadhavalAkAra ke anusAra nimnokta 15 adhikAra haiM- preyodveSa, prakRti vibhakti, sthiti vibhakti, anubhAga vibhakti, pradeza vibhakti, baMdhaka, vedaka, upayoga, catu:sthAna vyaMjana, samyaktva, dezavirati, saMyama, cAritra mohanIya kI upazamanA, cAritra mohanIya kI kSapaNA Adi kI jaya dhavalA TIkA prasiddha hai| dasavI-gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya nemicaMdra siddhAMtacakravartI dvArA gommaTasAra karmakANDa kI racanA huI hai| isameM karmasaMbaMdhI nau prakaraNa haiN| inhIM AcArya kI eka kRti hai labdhisAra (kSapaNAsAra garbhita) isameM karma se mukta hone kA pratipAdana hai| isameM tIna prakaraNa haiN| 1) darzana labdhi, 2) cAritra labdhi, 3) kSAyika cAritra / 52 / / __vartamAna meM zvetAMbara saMpradAya meM karmagraMtha aura paMcasaMgraha tathA digaMbara saMpradAya meM gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) ke paThana-pAThana ko bahuta hI protsAhana milA hai| isa protsAhana kA dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki karmavAda jaina darzana kA pramukha aMga hai, adhyAtma ke sAtha usakA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| karmazAstra ke gahana vana meM praviSTa hone ke bAda pAThaka kI cittavRtti svata: ekAgra hone lagatI hai| prAraMbha meM kaThinatara pratIta hone vAlA karmazAstra, abhyAsa ho jAne ke bAda atIva rasaprada lagatA hai| usameM ciMtana mananapUrvaka DubakI lagAne para aneka durlabha tattvaratna mila jAte haiN| vyakti adhyetA se dhyAtA bana jAtA hai| karmazAstroM kA manoyoga pUrvaka kramabaddha adhyayana kiyA jAye to isameM sugama aura citta ko dharmadhyAna ke caraNabhUta apAyavicaya aura vipAkavicaya ke dhyAna meM tanmaya karane meM AsAna anya koI zAstra nahIM hai| dharmadhyAna ke binA prAraMbhika dazA meM mana ko ekAgra karanA

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138 atIva duSkara hai aura karma siddhAMta ke ciMtana manana dhyAna dvArA sva-svarUpa meM lIna ho jAne se paramAtmapada prApti yA mukti sahaja ho sakatI hai| zvetAMbara AcAryoM meM vijayaprema sUrizvarajI ma. jI ne samasta zvetAMbara evaM digaMbara karma sAhitya kA adhyayana manana, maMthana karake prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASA meM naI zailI meM lagabhaga do lAkha zloka parimita khavagaseThI, payaDIbaMdho, ThiIbaMdho, rasabaMdho, paesabaMdho Adi mahAna graMthoM kI racanA kI hai|53 karmasAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa54 karma siddhAMta54 meM bhI kahA gayA hai| pUrvAtmaka, pUrvoddhRta evaM prAkaraNika karmazAstra kI mUla gAthAe~ prAkRta bhASA meM haiM, kintu una para vyAkhyAe~, TIkAe~, niyuktiyA~ prAyaH saMskRta bhASA meM haiN| prAkaraNika karma sAhitya para hiMdI, gujarAtI, kannaDa Adi tIna bhASAoM meM anuvAda, vivecana, TIkA, TippaNI Adi haiN| digaMbara sAhitya meM kannaDa, tamila evaM hindI Adi prAdezika bhASAoM kA tathA zvetAMbara sAhitya ne hiMdI, gujarAtI tathA rAjasthAnI bhASA kA Azraya liyA hai| isa prakAra karmaviSayaka sAhitya sRjana uttarottara karmavAda ke samutthAna se lekara vikAsa ke sopAna para caDhatA rahA hai| isa pragatizIla vaijJAnika yuga meM to hiMdI, aMgrejI evaM prAdezika gujarAtI, baMgalA, marAThI, kannaDa Adi bhASAoM meM karmavijJAna kA vivecana manovijJAna, samAjazAstra, zikSAvijJAna, jIvavijJAna, zarIravijJAna zAstra tathA bhautika vijJAna Adi ke pariprekSya meM tulanAtmaka, adhyayana, manana, parizIlana evaM sAhitya sRjana ho rahA hai, isalie vaha dina dUra nahIM, jaba karma vijJAna AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi para vizva ke samasta vijJAnoM ke sAtha anekAMta dRSTi se paraspara sAmaJjasya sthApita karatA huA vikAsa ke sarvocca zikhara ko chU legaa| anekAMtavAdI jainadarzana kA mantavya jainadharma aura usakA darzana anekAMtavAdI hai| vaha pahale pratyeka tattva ko anekAMtavAda ke channe se chAnatA hai| agara vaha tattva kisI apekSA se AtmA ke lie hitakara hai, AtmA kI svataMtratA ko chInatA nahIM hai, AtmA se paramAtmA banane ke carama lakSya ko prApta karAne meM upayogI hai, to vaha usa tattva ko usa apekSA se apanAne aura karmavAda ke sAtha sAmaMjasya biThAne meM jarA bhI hicakicAtA nahIM hai| vizva vaicitrya ke pAMca kAraNa jaina darzana jaba sRSTi kI vividhatA, visadRzatA evaM vicitratA ke kAraNoM kI mImAMsA karatA hai, taba usake gahana sudRSTipatha meM vizvavaicitrya ke pAMca mahattvapUrNa kAraNa Ate haiM unake nAma se pAMca vAda pracalita the

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1) kAlavAda, 4) karmavAda, aura 139 2) svabhAvavAda, 5) puruSArthavAda | 56 3) niyativAda, zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM jina 6 kAraNavAdoM kA ullekha hai, unameM karmavAda tathA puruSArthavAda ko bilkula sthAna nahIM diyA hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki upaniSadakAla se pUrva taka vaidika paraMparA ke manISI vizva vaividhya evaM vaicitrya kA kAraNa aMtarAtmA meM DhUMDhane kI apekSA bAhya padArthoM meM hI mAnakara saMtuSTa ho gaye the / yahI kAraNa hai ki upaniSadakAla meM sarvaprathama zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM vizvavaicitrya ke chaha nimitta kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 57 saMbhava hai, isameM karmavAda evaM puruSArthavAda kA AtmA se sIdhA saMbaMdha hone se unakI dRSTi meM ye donoM vAda na Aye hoN| isase yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki taba taka upaniSad manISI RSigaNa karmavAda aura puruSArthavAda se bhalIbhA~ti paricita nahIM hue hoNge| pazcAtvartI manISiyoM ne evaM dArzanikoM ne avazya hI ina donoM ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM apanAyA hai| pratyeka kArya meM pAMca kAraNoM kA samavAya aura samanvaya - jisa prakAra vaidika manISiyoM ne vaidika paraMparA sammata yajJakarma aura devAdhideva ke sAtha apanI dRSTi se karma kA samanvaya kiyA, usI prakAra jaina manISiyoM ne dArzanika yuga kAlAdi kAraNoM kI gaharAI se samIkSA karake pUrvokta pAMca kAraNavAdoM ko sRSTi vaicitrya ke kAraNoM ko upayukta samajhA aura unameM yathocita aMzoM ko apanAkara karma ke sAtha unakA samanvaya kiyA / pazcAdvartI jaina dArzanika AcAryoM ne isa siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa kiyA ki kisI bhI kArya kI utpatti kevala eka hI kAraNa para nirbhara nahIM hai, apitu vaha pAMca kAraNoM ke (kAraNa sAkalya) para nirbhara hai / kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma, (svayaM dvArA svakRta karma) aura puruSArtha pAMca kAraNa haiN| inhIM pAMcoM ko jaina dArzanikoM ne paMca kAraNa samavAya kahA hai| ye pAMcoM sApekSa haiN| inameM kisI bhI eka ko kAraNa mAna lene se kArya niSpatti nahIM ho sktii| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne kahA hai ki kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma, aura puruSArtha ina pA~coM kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ko hI kAraNa mAnA jAye aura zeSa kAraNoM kI upekSA kI jAye yaha mithyA dhAraNA hai / samyak dhAraNA yaha hai ki kArya ke niSpanna hone meM ' kAla Adi sabhI kAraNoM kA samanvaya kiyA jAye / 58 AcArya haribhadra ne bhI zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM ekAMta kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki 'nyAyavAdiyoM ko yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki jisa prakAra garbhAdhAnAdi kAryoM ke

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140 lie kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma aura puruSArtha ina pA~coM kA samudAya honA Avazyaka hai, vaise hI jagat ke samasta kAryoM ke lie kAla Adi pA~coM samudAya rUpa kAraNa haiM, ina pAMcoM kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ko hI kAraNa mAnanA kathamapi abhISTa evaM apekSita nahIM hai / isalie samasta kAryoM kI niSpatti ke lie paMca kAraNa sAmagrI hI abhISTa mAnI gaI hai / 59 karmavAda ke astitva meM kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda aura niyativAda ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| pratyekavAda apanI-apanI dRSTi biMdu se AMzika rUpa se to satya hai, kintu vaha pUrNa satya (pramANasatya) nahIM hai| saMpUrNa satya to anekAMta vAda meM hai, donoM netra khule rakhakara naya aura pramANa donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane meM hai / ekAMta kAlavAda kAlavAdI yaha kahane laga jAye ki saMsAra ke samasta kAryoM kA ekamAtra kAla hI AdhAra hai, to usakA yaha kathana satya nahIM hai, kAla-rUpI samartha kAraNa ke sadaiva rahate hue bhI amuka kArya kadAcit hotA hai, kadAcit nahIM bhI hotA / ataH yaha niyata vyavasthA akele kAla se saMbhava nahIM hai| kAla samAna rUpa se hetu hone para bhI kapaDA taMtu se tathA ghar3A miTTI hI utpanna hotA ho, yaha pratiniyata loka vyavasthA kAla ke dvArA ghaTita nahIM ho sakatI / pratiniyata kArya ke lie pratiniyata upAdAna kAraNa svIkAra karanA abhiSTa hai / 60 ekAMta svabhAvavAda svabhAvavAdI yadi yaha kahe ki jagat ke samasta kArya ko niSpanna karane meM svabhAva hI eka mAtra kAraNa hai, to yaha kathana ekAMta hone se mithyA hogaa| pratyeka padArtha kA apane dvArA saMbhAvita kArya karane kA svabhAva hone para bhI usa kArya kI niSpatti yA vikAsazIlatA kevala svabhAva se nahIM ho sakatI, usake lie anya kAraNa sAmagrI bhI apekSita hotI hai| miTTI ke piNDa meM ghar3e ko utpanna karane kA svabhAva hone para bhI usakI utpatti, kuMbhakAra, daNDa, cakra, cIvara Adi pUrNa sAmagrI ke hone para hI ho sakatI hai| usa ghar3e ko pakAne, Upara se raMgane Adi vikAsa kA kArya bhI kuMbhakAra Adi ke puruSArtha se hotA hai, svabhAva se nhiiN| ataH svabhAvavAda kA Azraya lekara nirAzAvAda ko sthAna denA ucita nahIM / svabhAva niyatatA hone para bhI anya kAraNa sAmagrI se A~kheM mUMda lenA ThIka nahIM / 61 ekAMta niyativAda ekAMta niyativAda ko mAnakara yaha samajha baiThe ki jo honA hogA, vahI hogA, hamAre . karane se kyA hogA? athavA sarvajJa prabhu ne jaisA dekhA hogA vahI hogA, yA vidhAtA ne bhAgya

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141 meM jo kucha bhI likhA hogA, vahI hogA; isako lekara apane puruSArtha ko, apane kartavya ko tilAMjali dekara hAtha para hAtha dharakara baiTha jAnA ucita nhiiN| yaha niyativAda kI ora meM svapuruSArtha hInatA ko Azraya denA hai, tathA apane Alasya evaM akArmaNyatA kA poSaNa karanA hai|62 gozAlaka kA niyativAda ekAMta hai, vaha akAraNavAda tathA akArmaNyatA kA Azraya lene tathA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya evaM puruSArtha ko ThukarAkara ekAMta rUpa se niyati ke adhIna hone kI preraNA detA hai| agara samyak niyativAda kA Azraya liyA jAye to vahA~ kabhI aisA vicAra nahIM hotA ki saba kucha niyata hai, phira mujhe puruSArtha karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? parokSajJAnI ko yaha nahIM jJAta hotA ki kyA niyata hai? kyA bhavitavya hai? aura kyA honevAlA hai? ata: use mokSamArga meM samyak puruSArtha karane meM pIche nahIM haTanA caahie| ___ anaMtakAla taka kA kramabaddha paryAya parivartana honA niyata hai, isa prakAra kA niyativAda AdhyAtmika jagat meM mAnA gayA hai, aisA mAne binA sarvajJa kevalI bhagavAna apane jJAna meM tInoM kAla, tInoM loka ke ghaTanAkrama ko yugapat kaise jAna pAe~ge? yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt bhI isI niyativAda ko kAlAdi kA sahakArI kAraNa mAnakara samyak puruSArtha karate rhe| karmavAda mImAMsA ___ karmavAda kA mantavya yaha hai ki jagat meM jo bhI ghaTanA hotI hai, jo kucha kArya, vyavahAra yA AcaraNa hotA hai athavA jIvoM kA jahA~ bhI jisa gati, yoni yA loka meM janma hotA hai, tathA use zarIra se saMbaMdhita jo bhI acchI burI, anukUla-pratikUla, sAmagrI milatI hai, athavA jIvoM ko jo bhI sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, iSTa-aniSTa, hita-ahita, saMgharSa-mela Adi kA vedana hotA hai usake pIche karma hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai| usameM kAla yA svabhAva kA kucha bhI nahIM cltaa| cAhe kitanA puruSArtha kiyA jAe pUrvakRta karma zubha nahIM hai to jIvoM ko usakA anukUla phala nahIM miltaa| jisa samaya kisI vastu ke milane kA avasara AtA hai, usake lie purA udyama bhI kiyA jAtA hai, paraMtu azubha karmodayavazAt aina vakta para manuSya maraNa zaraNa ho jAtA hai athavA kisI vastu kI upalabdhi meM aMtarAya A jAtI hai, manuSya kI buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai, vaha viparIta mArga para calakara usa upalabdhi ke avasara ko kho baiThatA hai, yaha saba pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala kA hI khela hai| . dazarathaputra yugapuruSa rAmacaMdra jI ko prAta:kAla rAjagAdI milane vAlI thii| ayodhyA meM sarvatra khuziyA~ chA rahI thii| vaziSTaRSi ne zrIrAma ke rAjyAbhiSeka kA prAta: kAla muhUrta

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142 nizcita kiyA thA, kintu karmalIlA baDI vicitra hai ki rAjyAbhiSeka ke badale rAmacaMdrajI ko vanagamana karanA pdd'aa| zrIrAma jaise mahAna AtmA dvArA vanavAsa diyA jAnA bhI karmazakti kA pratyakSa udAharaNa hai| isa yuga ke Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko dIkSA lene ke pazcAt bAraha mahIne taka yathAkalpa AhAra na milanA bhI unake pUrvakRta karma kA hI phala hai|63 samavAyAMga sUtra64 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko AhAra prApti meM kAla aura svabhAva to anukUla hI the, unhoMne puruSArtha bhI bharapUra kiyA thaa| phira bhI AhAra prApti na huI isake pIche pUrvakRta karma ke sivAya aura kyA kAraNa ho sakatA hai? satI damayaMtI aura satI aMjanA ko dIrghakAla taka pati viyoga ho jAnA, trikhaNDAdhipati vAsudeva zrIkRSNa jaise pracaMDa parAkramI puruSa kI jarAkumAra ke bANa se mRtyu honA, satyavAdI harizcaMdra jaise pratApI rAjA ko cANDAla ke yahA~ naukara rahakara zmazAna ghATa kA praharI bananA pdde| isa prakAra kI atArkika evaM apratyAzita ghaTanAe~ karma kI mahimA ko ujAgara kara rahIM haiN| vyakti cAhe jitanA upAya karale, amuka kArya ke lie puruSArtha bhI pUrA-pUrA kara le, usakA vaisA abhyAsa aura svabhAva bhI ho, samaya bhI usa kArya kI saphalatA ke lie anukUla ho, phira bhI pUrvakRta karmoM kA udaya ho to usake Age kisI kI nahIM cltii| isa vizva meM jo kucha bhI vicitratA, vividhatA, abhinavatA yA virUpatA dRSTi gocara ho rahI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa ekamAtra karma hI hai| karma ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra jaise mahApuruSa ke kAnoM meM kIle Thoke gaye aura zAlibhadra jaise vyakti ke lie binA mehanata ke divyaloka se ratnoM kI peTiyA~ utara kara AtI thii| karma ke prabhAva se hI jIvoM ko vividha gatiyA~, yoniyA~, zarIra Adi prApta hote haiN|65 ata: saMsAra meM samasta kriyAoM, baira virodhoM, antarAyoM, rAga-dveSa Adi vikAroM tathA samasta vyavahAroM, vicAroM aura AcaraNoM ke pIche karma kA phala hai| jagata kI vicitratA kA samAdhAna karma ko mAne binA ho nahIM sktaa| ata: karmavAda kA mUla uddezya vizva kI dRzyamAna viSamatA kI gutthI ko sulajhAnA hai| karma anukUla ho to kAla bhI vaisA ho jAtA hai, svabhAva bhI vaisA hI bana jAtA hai aura bhavitavyatA bhI vaisI ho jAtI hai| puruSArtha karane kI buddhi bhI zubhakarma ho, tabhI hotI hai, anyathA Alasya, nidrA, lAparavAhI Adi meM hI manuSya kA samaya calA jAtA hai| kaI bAra udyama karane para bhI zubha karmodaya na ho to abhiSTa vastu nahIM milatI athavA mila jAne para bhI hAtha se calI jAtI hai yA naSTa ho jAtI hai|66 karmavAda kI samIkSA kucha logoM meM yaha bhrAnti phailI huI hai ki karma sarvazakti saMpanna hai| usI kI saMsAra meM

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143 sArvabhauma sattA hai, paraMtu yaha bahuta bar3I bhrAnti hai| ise toDanA hI caahie| karma hI saba kucha nhiiN| kucha aisI bhI sthitiyA~ haiM jo karma se prabhAvita nahIM hotii| AtmA meM aisI eka zakti hai, jo karma se prabhAvita nahIM hotii| AtmA meM aisI eka zakti hai, jo karma se pUrNa rUpeNa kadApi AvRta nahIM hotii| yadi AtmA para karma pUrNarUpa se hAvI ho jAte to vaha use kadApi toDa nahIM paataa| yadi karma hI saba kucha hotA to manuSya samasta baMdhanoM ko toDakara kabhI siddha buddha mukta nahIM ho paataa| karma hI sArvabhauma sattA saMpanna hote to koI bhI jIva avyavahAra rAzi se nikalakara vyavahAra rAzi meM nahIM A sakate the, arthAt avikasita jIvoM kI zreNI se vaha vikasita jIvoM kI zreNI meM kabhI nahIM A paate| ___ karma kA hI eka chatra sAmrAjya hotA to anAdikAla se mithyAtva grasta vyakti mithyAtva ke usa gAr3ha aMdhakAra kA bhedana nahIM kara pAte, kintu AtmA meM aisI zakti hai ki, jaise sUrya ke udaya hote hI cirakAla kA gAr3ha aMdhakAra ekadama vilupta ho jAtA hai| vaise hI jaba AtmA apanI zakti ke prati jAgrata ho jAtI hai, taba vaha karmacakra ko tor3ane meM samartha ho jAtI hai| yadi karma kA hI eka chatra sAmrAjya hotA to AtmA kI zakti kabhI use cunautI nahIM de pAtI, yadi AtmA ke caitanya svabhAva kA sarvadA svataMtra astitva na hotA to karma hI saba kucha ho jAte, paraMtu AtmA kA caitanya svabhAva kabhI apane Apako naSTa hone yA badalane nahIM dete, isalie karma AtmA para kitanA bhI prabhAva DAle, vaha ekAdhikAra nahIM jamA sktaa| karma taba taka TikatA hai, jaba taka cetanA nahIM jaagtii| cetanA ke jAgRta hote hI karma svata: naSTa hone laga jAte haiN| Aja prAya: Ama AdamI kI dhAraNA aisI bana gaI hai ki, vaha sahasA kaha baiThatA hai'kyA kare aise hI karma kiye the isalie aisA ho gyaa| karmoM kA aisA hI bhoga thaa| hamAre basa kI bAta nahIM rhii|' vyAvahArika kSetra meM karmavAda se anabhijJa vyakti yaha kaha baiThate haiM 'hama se yaha sAdhanA nahIM ho sakatI', isakA matalaba yaha hai ki aise vyaktiyoM ke mana meM yaha pakkI dhAraNA baiTha gaI hai ki hama saba karmAdhIna haiM, paraMtu isa mithyA dhAraNA ko mastiSka se nikAla denA cAhie ki karma yA anya kAla Adi koI bhI ekAMta sarvesarvA zaktimAna nahIM hai| prakRti ke vizAla sAmrAjya meM kisI ko adhinAyakatva yA ekAdhikAra prApta nahIM hai| kucha zaktiyA~ kAla meM nihita haiM, kucha sva-puruSArtha meM, kucha paristhiti meM aura kucha svabhAva meM nihita haiM, to kucha zaktiyA~ karma meM bhI rahI huI haiN| caitanya kI vAstavika zakti puruSArtha meM nihita hai, jisake jariye vaha karma ko bhI badala sakatA hai| hamArI caitanya zakti kA pratIka athavA hamArI kSamatA kA abhivyakta rUpa puruSArtha hai|

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144 yadyapi kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura karma ina sabhI tattvoM se manuSya baMdhA huA hai aura jaba taka baMdhana hai, taba taka vaha pUrNatayA svataMtra nahIM hai| ye sAre tattva manuSya kI svataMtratA ke pratibaMdhaka haiN| ve usakI parataMtratA ko baDhAte haiM, tathApi yaha nizcaya samajha lIjie ki koI bhI prANI pUrNarUpa se parataMtra nahIM hai| agara vaha pUrNarUpa se parataMtra hotA to usakI cetanA kA astitva yA usakA vyaktitva hI samApta ho jaataa| ata: kAla, dharma Adi jitane bhI tattva haiM, ve zaktimAna hote hue bhI sarva zakti saMpanna nahIM haiN| ina sabakI zakti maryAdita hai| karma kI apanI eka sImA hai| vaha AtmA para prabhAva DAlatA hai, paraMtu usI AtmA para jisameM rAgadveSa ho, kaSAya ho, rAga-dveSa, kaSAyarahita AtmA para karma kA koI bhI prabhAva nahIM paDatA, usakA vaza vahA~ nahIM cltaa| jaina darzana meM sAdhanA kA mUlasUtra yahI batAyA hai ki manuSya sAdhanA meM puruSArtha karane meM svataMtra hai| prasannacaMdra rAjarSi kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita rahate hI mana se ghora pApakarma baMdha gaye the, kintu kucha hI samaya bAda unakI cetanA jAgRta huI, unhoMne apane svarUpa ko saMbhAlA aura utkRSTa zuddha pariNAma dhArA meM bahakara pazcAtApa kI agni meM samasta karmoM ko bhasma kara ddaalaa| ve samasta karmabaMdhanoM se sarvathA mukta siddha paramAtmA bana gye| ata: karma kI zakti aura usakI sImA ko samajhane se hI karmavAda kA rahasya hRdayaMgama ho skegaa| yadyapi kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda aura niyativAda ina saba meM karmavAda vyApaka hai| Izvara kartavyavAdI bhI karmavAda ko mAnate haiM aura AtmakartRtvavAdI bhI karmavAda ko svIkArate haiM, phira bhI ekAMta karmavAda ko hI saba ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa mAna lenA mithyA dhAraNA hai| puruSArthavAda kI mImAMsA pAMca kAraNoM meM aMtima kAraNa puruSArtha hai| puruSArtha karma ko kATane yA badalane ke lie vartamAna kAlIna udyama hai- jJAnAdi ratnatraya sAdhanA meM ise puruSArtha, prayatna, udyama Adi bhI kahA jAtA hai| puruSArtha vAda kA apanA darzana hai| unakA kathana hai ki, saMsAra meM sabhI padArthoM yA dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa Adi padArthoM kI siddhi ke lie puruSArtha hI ekamAtra samartha hai| binA puruSArtha ke koI bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotaa| saMsAra meM pratyeka kArya ke lie nItikAra bhI udyama (puruSArtha) kA hI samarthana karate haiN| soye hue siMha ke muha~ meM mRga praviSTa nahIM ho jaataa|' jo vyakti hAtha para hAtha dharakara baiThA rahatA hai, usake ghara ke AMgana meM lakSmI Akara nahIM basatI / udyamI puruSa ke pAsa hI lakSmI AtI hai| jo kAyara aura AlasI hote haiM- ve hI kahA karate haiM ki daiva (bhAgya) svayaM degaa| ata: daiva ko choDakara apanI zakti bhara puruSArtha kro|67 vyAvahArika dRSTi se soceM to bhI udyama kiye binA koI bhI vastu taiyAra nahIM hotii|

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145 udyama se baDe-baDe abhedya durga manuSya ne banAye, aNubama, udjanabama Adi bhI banAye, jinase sAre vizva ko kaMpita kiyA jA sakatA hai| udyama dvArA mAnava ne jala, sthala aura AkAza para vijaya prApta kI tathA vividha yAnoM dvArA druta gamana karane lgaa| baDe-baDe bA~dha aura sarovara udyama ke hI pratiphala haiN| mokSamArga kI sAdhanA meM puruSArtha karake mAnava karmoM kI jaMjIroM ko toDakara mukta ho jAtA hai| bharata aura bAhubalI jo eka dina paraspara yuddharata the, saMgharSa magna the, apane samyak puruSArtha se karmoM ko kSaya karake usI bhava meM mokSa prApta karate haiN| arjunamAlI jaisA krUra hatyArA bhI tapa, saMyama, kSamA, samatA Adi dharma sAdhanA meM puruSArtha karake chaha mahine meM samasta karmoM ko kSaya karake siddha buddha mukta ho jAte haiM / 68 dRDha saMkalpa, lagana aura utsAha ke sAtha puruSArtha karane se kaThina kArya bhI siddha haiM / puruSArtha ke bala para hI tenasiMha aura hilerI ne himAlaya kI 29202 phITa U~cI sarvocca coTI bhI sara kara lI thii| prabala puruSArthI ke lie prakRti bhI sahAyaka ho jAtI hai, vaha bhI mArga prazasta kara detI hai / ataH pAMcoM kAraNoM meM puruSArthavAda hI vizva vaicitrya kA prabala kAraNa hai / isalie eka 'mahAn AcArya ne kahA hai 'kuru kuru puruSArtha nirvRtAnandahetoH / ' mokSa ke parama AnaMda ko pAne ke lie puruSArtha karo / puruSArthavAda samIkSA pratyeka kArya kI siddhi meM puruSArtha bhI eka kAraNa hai, paraMtu yadi kAla anukUla na ho, usa vastu kA vaisA banane yA karane yA svabhAva na ho, vaha vizva ke aTala naisargika niyama ke viruddha ho tathA puruSArtha karane vAle ke pUrvakRta karma anukUla na hoM to, cAhe jitanA puruSArtha. karane para bhI vaha kArya siddha nahIM ho pAtA / gautama gaNadhara tapa, saMyama ke dhanI the, prabala puruSArthI the, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha aMtevAsI paTTa ziSya the / 69 karmoM ko jItane kA ve satata puruSArtha karate rahe, paraMtu jaba taka kAla nahIM pakatA taba taka unake mana se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati jo prazasta rAga ( zubhamoha) thA, vaha kSINa na ho skaa| unakA puruSArtha taba kRtakArya huA, jaba unhoMne apane svabhAva se usa prazasta rAga ko bhI dUra kiyaa| phalataH ghAti karma bhI naSTa hue aura kAla labdhika anukUlatA huii| isalie ekAnta puruSArthavAda ko mAnanA zreyaskara nahIM hai|

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146 pAMca kAraNavAdoM kA samanvaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha siddhAMta hai ki ye pAMcoM kAraNa samanvita hone para hI karmavAda ke pUraka evaM sahayogI banate haiN| ye pAMcoM sApekSa haiM aura apane-apane sthAna para ThIka haiN| kAla, prakRti kI vastu ko vyavasthita rUpa se pariNamana hone meM eka pramukha bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| pratyeka padArtha kA svabhAva bhI usake dvArA kArya hone meM sahAyaka tattva hai / niyati sArvabhauma jAgatika niyama yunivarsala laoN hai| jo pratyeka kArya ke sAtha samAna rUpa se lAgU hotA hai| vyakti ne mana-vacana-kAyA se jAne, anajAne, pUrvakAla meM sthUla sUkSmarUpa meM jo kucha kiyA, karAyA thA, anumodana kiyA ho, usa kriyA kA aMkana karmabaMdhana ke rUpa meM hotA hai aura phira samaya Ane para usa kriyA kI pratikriyA hotI hai / yahI purAkRta karma hai, jo pratyeka 'acchI burI ghaTanA ke sAtha hotA hai| vartamAna meM jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, jisameM karmoM kA Astrava yA baMdha tathA saMvara, nirjarA yA mokSa hotA hai, vaha puruSArtha hai / vaise dekhA jAye to karma aura puruSArtha eka hI sikke ke do pahalu haiM / karma pahale kiyA huA (atIta kA ) puruSArtha hai| puruSArtha karane kA prathama kSaNa puruSArtha kahalAtA hai aura usake vyatIta ho jAne para vahI puruSArtha atIta ho jAne se karma kahalAne lagatA hai / 70 vidyAdhyayana karane vAlA yadi vidvAna bananA cAhatA hai, to vidyArthI ko bhI ina pAMcoM kAraNoM kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| adhyayana karane meM citta kI ekAgratArUpa svabhAva, tatpazcAt paDhane meM samaya kA yogadAna phira adhyayana karane kA puruSArtha ye tInoM to Avazyaka hai hI, sAtha hI paDhanevAle ke jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSaya kSayopazama kA tathA zubhakarma kA udaya ho evaM prakRti ke niyama kI anukUlatA (niyati) aura bhavitavyatA kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / mokSaprApti meM paMcakAraNa samavAya mokSa prApti jaise kArya ke lie bhI pAMcoM kAraNoM kA samavAya Avazyaka hai / kAla bhI mokSa prApti meM anivArya hai / kAla ke binA saMpUrNa karma mokSarUpa kArya kI siddhi asaMbhava hai| yadi kAla ko hI kArya kAraNa mAna liyA jAe, taba to abhavya jIva bhI mokSa prApta kareMge, paraMtu unakA svabhAva mokSa prApta karane kA nahIM hai / bhavyoM kA hI mokSa prApti kA svabhAva ho se ve hI mokSa prApta kara skeNge| yadi kAla aura svabhAva donoM ko mokSarUpa kArya ke kAraNa mAna liyA jAe~, to sabhI bhavya eka sAtha mokSa meM cale jAyeMge, aisA asaMbhava hai, kintu ina donoM ke sAtha niyati kA yoga jinheM milegA ve hI bhavya jIva samaya para mokSa meM jAe~geM / yadi 1. kAla, svabhAva aura niyati ye tInoM hI mokSa prApti ke kAraNa mAna liye jAyeM to magadharAja zreNika kabhI ke mokSa ke anurUpa saMpUrNa karmoM ko kSaya karane kA puruSArtha nahIM kara sake,

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147 isalie pUrvokta kAraNatraya kA yoga hone para bhI ve mokSa pA nahIM sake, isalie mokSa prApti ke lie pUrvokta tInoM kAraNoM ke sAtha hI pUrvakRta karmakSaya aura ratnatraya sAdhanA meM puruSArtha ye donoM kAraNa hone bhI anivArya haiN| ata: pAMcoM kAraNoM kA sApekSa samanvaya hI kArya siddhi ke lie Avazyaka hai| sarvatra paMcakAraNa samavAya se kArya siddhi saMsAra meM dekhA jAtA hai, pAMcoM kAraNa milane para yAMnI pAMcoM kAraNoM ke samanvaya se kArya hotA hai| pAMcoM meM se eka bhI kAraNa na ho to kArya niSpanna nahIM ho sktaa| pAMcoM aMguliyA~ ikaTThI hotI haiM tabhI hAtha banatA hai| hathelI ke lie pAMcoM aguMliyA~ eka dUsare se saMlagna hotI haiN| inameM choTI baDI aMgulI avazya hotI hai, magara pAMcoM ke milane para hI pahocA hotA hai| karmazabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa karma kA sArvabhauma sAmrAjya bhAratIya jana jIvana meM 'karma' zabda bAlaka, yuvaka aura vRddha sabhI kI jabAna para caDhA hai| vizva ke samasta zreNI ke vicAraka, dArzanika, manovaijJAnika, tattvaciMtaka, sAhityakAra, zramajIvI evaM rAjanaitika, eka yA dUsare prakAra se karma se saMbaMdhita evaM prabhAvita haiN| jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM karmoM kA sArvabhauma sAmrAjya hai| karma aura usase milane vAle phala para vizvAsa rakhakara ina sabhI kSetroM ke mAnava kArya karate haiM aura dhairyapUrvaka usake pariNAma (phala) kI pratIkSA karate haiN| kRSaka, vidyArthI, vyavasAyI Adi jo bhI karma karate haiM, kyA usakA phala unheM turaMta mila jAtA hai? phira bhI ve zraddhA aura niSThApUrvaka satkarma karate haiM aura usakA phala bhI pAte haiN| 'karma' zabda sabhI Astika dharmagraMthoM, darzana, upaniSadoM, dharmazAstroM, laukika evaM lokottara zAstroM tathA jagat ke pratyeka vyavahAra, pravRtti athavA kArya meM prayukta hotA hai| vibhinna vyavahAroM meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga vibhinna arthoM meM hotA hai| samasta zArIrika mAnasika aura vAcika kriyAoM ko karma kahA jAtA hai| ise kArya, kAma, vyavahAra yA pravRtti bhI kahate haiN| kisI bhI spaMdana, halacala yA kriyA ke lie 'karma' zabda kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai, phira vaha kriyA jar3a zakti kI ho yA caitanya zakti kI, arthAt sabhI kAma, dhaMdhA yA vyavasAyoM ko bhI 'karma' kahate haiN| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne asi, masi, kRSi ke aMtargata vividha karma yaugalikoM ko sikhAye the|71 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya,72 karma no siddhAMta,73 karma mImAMsA,74 upAsakadazAMgasUtra,75 paMcAzakavivaraNa76 AcArAMga

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148 cUlikA, 77 abhidhAna rAjeMdra koSa 78 aura bhagavatIsUtra 79 meM bhI yahI bAta darzAI gaI hai| - vaizeSika darzanoM ne calanAtmaka artha meM hone vAlI kriyA ko karma kahA hai| karma ke pAMca bheda batalAye haiM- utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa, AkuMcana, prasAraNa aura gamana Adi / 80 nyAya siddhAMta muktAvalI meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai / 81 vaiyAkaraNoM ne karma kAraka ke artha meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura karma kI paribhASA kI hai - kartA ke lie jo atyaMta iSTa ho, arthAt kartA apanI kriyA ke dvArA jise prApta karanA cAhatA hai, vaha karma hai / 82 vaidika paraMparA meM vedoM se lekara brAhmaNa (graMtha) kAla taka yajJa-yAga Adi nityamattika kriyAoM ko karma kahA gayA hai| arthAt vaidika kAla meM prasiddha azvamegha, gomegha, svargakAma Adi vedavihita yajJoM ke lie jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, tathA unake saMpAdana ke lie jo bhI vidhi vidhAna nizcita kiye gaye haiM, ve saba 'karma' mAne gaye haiM / vaidika yuga meM yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki- ina yajJAdi karmoM kA anuSThAna devoM ko prasanna karane ke lie karanA cAhie tAki deva prasanna hokara usake kartA kI manokAmanA pUrNa kara skeN| 83 jJAnakA amRta84 meM bhI yaha kahA hai| smArta vidvAnoM ne brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra varNoM tathA brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha evaM saMnyAsa ina cAra AzramoM ke lie niyata yA vihita kartavyoM evaM maryAdAoM ke 'pAlana karane ko 'karma' kahA hai| paurANika ke mata meM vrata niyama Adi dhArmika kriyAe~ 'karma' kahalAtI haiM / 85 bhagavadgItA meM karmavAda kevala mImAMsakoM dvArA pratipAdita yajJa-yAga Adi kriyAkANDoM ke artha meM athavA varNAzrama dharma ke anusAra kiye jAne vAle smArta kAryoM ke hI saMkucita artha meM prayukta nahIM huA hai, apitu, phalAkAMkSA rahita hokara anAsakta bhAva se yA samarpaNa bhAva se kRtakarma tathA sahajakarma, jJAna yuktakarma karma kauzala Adi sabhI prakAra ke kriyA vyApAroM ke vyApaka artha meM 'karma' zabda prayukta huA hai / 86 bhagavadgItA87 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne bhI zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika ina tInoM prakAra kI kriyAoM ke artha meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| tathApi vahA~ kevala cetanA ko ina kriyAoM meM pramukhatA dI gaI hai| cetanA ko karma kahate hue tathAgata buddha ne kahA hai- 'bhikSuoM! cetanA hI karma hai, aisa maiM kahatA hU~ / cetanA ke dvArA hI (jIva ) karma ko vANI se, kAyA se yA mana se karatA hai / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki cetanA ke hone para hI ye sabhI karma (kriyAe~) saMbhava haiM | 88 bauddha darzana kI dRSTi se isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ne likhA hai,

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149 usameM sabhI karmoM kA sApekSa mahattva svIkAra kiyA hai| Azraya, svabhAva aura samutthAna kI dRSTi se tInoM prakAra ke karmoM kA apanA-apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| Azraya kI dRSTi se kAya karma kI pradhAnatA hai| svabhAva kI dRSTi se vAk karma hI pradhAna hai| samutthAna kI dRSTi se vicAra kare to mana:karma kA hI prAdhAnya hai| kyoMki, sabhI karmoM kA AraMbha mana se hai| bauddha darzana meM samutthAna kAraNa ko pramukhatA dekara hI kahA hai, ki cetanA hI karma hai| sAtha hI isI AdhAra para karmoM kA eka dvividha vargIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai- cetanA karma aura caitayitvA krm| cetanA mAnasa karma hai aura cetanA se utpanna hone ke zeSa donoM vAcika aura kAyika karma cetayitvA karma kahe gaye haiN|89 bauddha-darzana meM bhI yahI kahA hai|90 'karma' zabda kA artha kriyA, kriyA kA uddeza, usako karane kI icchA aura usakA prabhAva evaM vipAka ina samasta tathyoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| jainadRSTi se karma ke artha meM kriyA aura hetuoM kA samAveza __ jaina darzana meM sAmAnya rUpa se karma kA artha kriyA paraka hI kiyA gayA hai, kintu yaha usakI eka AMzika vyAkhyA hai| karmagraMtha meM karma kI spaSTa paribhASA isa prakAra kI gaI hai'jIva (AtmA) ke dvArA mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya evaM yoga Adi hetuoM (kAraNoM) se jo kiyA jAtA hai vahI karma kahalAtA hai|'91 jaina darzana ke anusAra karma ke hetu aura. kriyA ye donoM tattva sannihita haiN| ___yadi vyApaka dRSTi (nizcaya aura vyavahAra, ubhayadRSTi) se dekhA jAe to karma zabda samagra kAryoM ke artha meM ghaTita ho jAtA hai, phira vaha kArya dravyAtmaka ho yA bhAvAtmaka, parispaMdana rUpa ho yA pariNamana, kriyArUpa ho yA paryAyarUpa, kyoMki kArya use hI kahA jAtA hai- jo kisI eka samaya vizeSa meM prAraMbha hokara kisI dUsare samaya vizeSa meM samApta ho jaae| isI dRSTi se karma yA kArya nitya na hokara utpanna, dhvaMsI hote haiN| yahI paryAya kA lakSaNa hai|92 __ jaina darzana ke anusAra karma zabda kevala kriyA, kArya yA saMskAra ke artha meM hI parisImita nahIM hai, apitu vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se AtmA se saMbaMddha aisA artha liyA gayA hai| jisameM jIva ke dvArA hone vAlI pratyeka kriyA aura usake phala taka sAre artha samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| pratyeka vyakti kA anubhava hai ki jIva kA spaMdana tIna prakAra kA hotA hai- kAyika, vAcika aura maansik| pratyeka jIva zarIra se kucha na kucha kriyA karatA hai| jina jIvoM ko rasendriya hai ve vacana se kucha na kucha bolate haiM tathA asaMjJI jIvoM ko choDakara zeSa saMjJI jIva mana se kucha na kucha socate vicArate haiN| ye tIna kriyAe~ pratyeka ke anubhava gocara hotI haiN| ye kriyAe~ bAhya haiN| inake sivAya AbhyaMtara kriyAe~ bhI haiM, jo vizeSa spaMdana rUpa hotI haiM, inheM yoga kahate haiN| jaise ki tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai- 'kAya, vacana aura mana kA vyApAra yoga

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150 haiN|' 93 yoga eka viziSTa prakAra kI spaMdana kriyA hai, jo kAya, vacana aura mana ke nimitta se hotI hai| isI ko SaTakhaNDAgama meM trividha prayoga karma kahA gayA hai| vaha tIna prakAra kA hai- manaHprayoga-karma, vacanaprayoga-karma aura kaaypryog-krm| vaha saMsAra avasthA meM sthita jIvoM ke aura sayogI kevaliyoM ko hotA hai|94 ina tInoM yogoM yA prayogoM meM kAya, vacana aura mana kA AlaMbana hai aura jIva kI spaMdana kriyA ko kAyayoga, vacana ke nimitta se usakI spaMdana kriyA ko vacana yoga aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAlI usakI spaMdana kriyA ko manoyoga kahate haiN| - jIva kI karmarUpI yaha spaMdana kriyA yahIM samApta nahIM ho jAtI, apitu jina-jina bhAvoM se yaha spaMdana kriyA hotI hai, usake saMskAra apane pIche choDa jAtI hai| isI ko karma mImAMsA 5 aura karmavAda96 meM bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai| ye karmajanya saMskAra cirakAla taka sthAyI rahate haiM, kintu yaha prakRtijanya saMskAroM kA AdhAra jIva ko nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki jIva kA saMskAra pudgala ke AlaMbana se hotA hai| ata: jina bhAvoM se spaMdana kriyA hotI hai, unake saMskAra kSaNa-kSaNa meM jIva dvArA gRhIta pudgaloM meM hI saMcita hote rahate haiN'| pudgala kA yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa karmarUpa meM pariNamana isa tathya kA samarthana tattvArtharAjavArtika meM kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra pAtra meM DAle aneka rasa vAle bIja puSpa aura phaloM kA madharUpa meM pariNamana ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM sthita pudgaloM kA bhI yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa karmarUpa se pariNamana ho jAtA hai|97 kArmaNa vargaNA nAmaka pudgala hI isa kAma meM Ate haiN| ye ati sUkSma aura samasta loka meM vyApta haiN| jIva (mana, vacana, kAya) kI spaMdana kriyA inheM prati samaya grahaNa karatA hai aura apane bhAvoM ke anusAra inheM saMskAra rUpa meM saMcita karake, karmarUpa meM pariNata kara lete haiN| jIva kI spaMdana kriyA aura bhAva usI samaya nivRtta ho jAte haiM, kintu saMskAra yukta kArmaNa pudgala kA jIva ke sAtha cirakAla taka saMbaMdha rahatA hai| ye yathAsamaya, yathAyogya rUpa se apanA kAma karake hI nivRtta hote haiN| ye kAlAMtara meM phala dene meM sahAyatA karate haiN|98 Azaya yaha hai ki saMsArI jIvoM meM rAgAdi pariNAma aura spaMdana kriyA hotI hai, isalie ye donoM to usake hI karma haiM, kintu inake nimitta se kArmaNa nAmaka pudgala-karmabhAva ko prApta hote haiN| isa dRSTi se inheM bhI karma kahate haiN| ye trividha dravyakarma kahalAte haiN| - paMcAdhyAyI meM batAyA gayA hai ki jIva tathA pudgala meM bhAvavatI tathA kriyAvatI zakti pAI jAtI hai| pradezoM ke saMcalana rUpa parispaMdana ko kriyA kahate haiM aura eka vastu meM hI jo dhArAvAhI pariNamana hotA hai, vaha bhAva hai| jIva meM vaibhAvika zakti kA sadbhAva hai, isalie rAgAdi bhAvoM evaM vaibhAvika zakti viziSTa ke kAraNa jIva kArmaNa vargaNA ko apanI ora

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151 AkarSita karatA hai| isa kAraNa jIva kA karmoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha (saMzleSa) hotA hai| isase kArmaNa pudgala bhI karmabhAva ko prApta hone se ve bhI karma kahalAte haiN| 99 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra 'karma pudgala se tAtparya una jar3a paramANuoM (zarIra rAsAyanika tattvoM) se hai, jo prANI kI kisI kriyA ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita hokara usase apanA saMbaMdha sthApita karake karma zarIra kI racanA karate haiN| aura samaya vizeSa pakane para apane phala (vipAka) ke rUpa vizeSa prakAra kI anubhUtiyA~ utpanna kara, alaga ho jAte haiN| inheM dravyakarma kahate haiN|100 'karma' zabda kA sAmAnya artha kriyA hai, jaba usake vyaMjanArtha ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, taba jIva ke dvArA hone vAlI kriyA se Atma zaktiyoM ko AvRta karane vAle kArmaNa vargaNA ke tathA anya paudgalika paramANuoM ke saMyoga ko AtmA meM samutpanna viSaya kaSAyoM ke pariNamana ko bhI karma kahA jAtA hai| vibhinna paraMparA meM karma ke samAnArthaka zabda jaina dArzanikoM ne jise karma kahA hai, usake paryAyavAcI vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga AgamoM aura graMthoM meM yatra tatra milate hai| Adi purANa meM 'karma' zabda kevala kriyA rUpa meM hI parilakSita nahIM hotA, apitu karma rUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke rUpa meM vibhinna arthoM ko abhivyakta karatA hai- 'vidhi (kAnUna yA prakRti ke aTala niyama), sraSTA, vidhAtA, daiva, purAkRta aura Izvara ye karmarUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiN|101 anya darzanoM meM bhI karmazabda ke samAnArthaka mAyA, avidyA, apUrva, vAsanA, avijJapti, Azaya, adRSTa, saMskAra, bhAgya, daiva, dharmA-dharma Adi zabda prayukta kiye haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki sabhI Astika dharmoM aura darzanoM ne eka aisI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, jo AtmA kI vibhinna zaktiyoM ko tathA AtmA kI zuddhatA ko prabhAvita karatI hai| usake nAma, karma ke badale una-una darzanoM aura dharmoM ne bhale hI zabda bhinna-bhinna diye hoN| jaise ki - bauddha darzana meM use vAsanA aura vijJapti kahA gayA hai| 102 vedAMta darzana meM usI ko mAyA aura avidyA kahA hai|103 sAMkhya darzana meM usako prakRti yA saMskAra kahA gayA hai|104 sAMkhyakArikA105 aura sAMkhyatattva kaumudI106 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| yogadarzana meM usake lie kleza, karma, Azaya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai|107 nyAyadarzana meM prayukta adRSTa aura saMskAra zabda bhI isI artha meM dyotaka haiN|108 nyAyasUtra109 aura nyAyamaMjarI110 meM bhI yahI bAta batAI gaI hai| vaizeSika darzana meM 'dharmAdharma' zabda bhI hai jaina darzana meM prayukta karma zabda kA samAnArthaka hai| 111 mImAMsA meM apUrva zabda bhI karma ke artha meM prayukta hai|112 taMtravArtika 13 aura zAstra-dIpikA114 meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai| daiva,

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152 bhAgya, puNya, pApa Adi aneka zabda aise haiM, jinakA prayoga sAmAnyatayA sabhI darzanoM meM huA hai / 115 jainAgamoM meM 'karma' ke badale kahIM karmaraja, karmamala Adi zabda bhI milate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra 116 aura dazavaikAlikasUtra 117 IsA118 mohammada 119 ne karma zabda ke artha meM zaitAna zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| karma zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha kartRvAcya, karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya tInoM prakAra ke vigraha se niSpanna hotA hai| rAjavArtika meM batAyA gayA hai ki jinake dvArA kiye jAe~ vaha karma haiN| sAdhya sAdhana bhAva kI vivakSA na hone para svarUpa mAtra kA kathana karane se kRtti (kriyA) ko bhI karma kahate haiM / jainadRSTi se karma sAmAnya vyutpattibhya artha bhI ho sakate haiM / 120 1 karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma jaina darzana sammata karma ke svarUpa ko sarvAMgINa rUpa se samajhane ke lie karma ke dravyAtmaka evaM bhAvAtmaka donoM pakSoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| AtmA ke mAnasika vicAroM ke preraka yA nimitta ye donoM hI tattva 'karma' meM tAne bAne kI taraha mile hue haiN| karma vijJAna kI samucita vyAkhyA ke lie karma ke AkAra (Form) aura usakI viSayavastu (Matter) donoM para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| AtmA ke manobhAva usake AkAra haiM aura jar3a paramANu viSayavastu hai / 121 'gommaTasAra' meM karma ke cetana aura acetana pakSoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA haibhAvarUpa karma tattva kI dRSTi se eka hI prakAra kA hai kintu vahI karma dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| jJAnAvaraNIyAdi pudgala dravya kA piNDa dravyakarma hai aura usakI cetanA ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti athavA usa piNDa meM phala dene kI zakti bhAvakarma hai / 122 jaina darzana meM karma kA nirmANa jar3a aura cetana donoM ke sammizraNa se hI hotA hai| jar3a aura cetana donoM ke sammizraNa ke binA karma kI racanA hI nahIM ho sakatI / dravyakarma ho yA bhAvakarma donoM meM jar3a aura cetana donoM prakAra ke tattva milate haiM / yadyapi dravyakarma meM pudgala kI mukhyatA aura Atmika tattva kI gauNatA hotI hai, jabaki bhAvakarma meM Atmika tattva kI mukhyatA aura paudgalika tattva kI gauNatA hotI hai / bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma meM AtmA aura pudgala kI pradhAnatA, apradhAnatA hote hue bhI donoM meM eka dUsare kA sadbhAva- asadbhAva nahIM hotaa| Azaya yaha hai ki AtmA, AtmA rahatI hai aura pudgala - pudgala rahatA hai| samayasAra (tAtparyavRtti) meM kahA hai ki, sunAra AbhUSaNAdi ke nirmANa kA kArya karatA hai, kintu vaha svayaM AbhUSaNa svarUpa nahIM ho jaataa| usI prakAra AtmA dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kA baMdha karatI huI bhI karma svarUpa nahIM hotI / AtmA se saMbaMdha pudgala ko dravyakarma aura dravyakarma se yukta AtmA kI pravRtti bhAvakarma kahA jAtA hai| paMDita sukhalAlajI ne dravyakarma

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153 aura bhAvakarma kA AtmA se saMbaMdha batAte hue kahA hai, 'bhAvakarma' AtmA kA vaibhAvika pariNAma hai| ata: usakA kartA jIva hai aura dravyakarma kArmaNa jAti ke pudgaloM kA vikAra hai, usakA bhI kartA nimitta rUpa se jIva hI hai|123 saMsArI AtmA kA cetana aMza jIva kahalAtA hai| aura jar3a aMza karma kintu ve cetana jar3a aMza isa prakAra ke nahIM haiM, jinakA saMsAra avasthA meM alaga-alaga rUpa meM anubhava kiyA jA ske| inakA pRthakkaraNa mukta avasthA meM hI hotA hai| saMsArI AtmA sadaiva karma se yukta hotI hai| jaba vaha karma se mukta ho jAtI hai taba vaha saMsArI AtmA nahIM, muktAtmA kahalAtI hai| karma jaba AtmA se pRthak ho jAte haiM taba vaha karma nahIM, zuddha pudgala kahalAte haiN|124 tattvArthasAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki, jIva ke rAgadveSAdi vikAra bhAvakarma kahalAte haiN| aura rAgadveSAdi bhAvakoM ke nimitta se AtmA ke sAtha baMdhanevAle acetana (kArmaNa) pudgala paramANu dravyakarma kahalAte haiN|125 ___paM. jJAnamunijI ke anusAra jIva ke mAnasa meM jo vicAradhArA calatI hai, saMkalpa vikalpa hote haiM, kaSAya ke bhAva utpanna hote haiM, kisI ko lAbha-hAni pahu~cAne kA mAnasika vikAra 'bhAvakarma' meM parigaNita hai, una mAnasika vikAroM ke AdhAra para jIva ke jo pArzvavartI pudgala paramANu AtmA ke sAtha juDate haiM aura Atma pradezoM se saMbaMdha sthApita karate haiM unheM 'dravyakarma' ke aMtargata mAnA jAtA hai|126 . jinendravarNI ke zabdoM meM- 'karma ke do prakAra haiN| dravyakarma aura bhaavkrm| jainazAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki pudgala kI paryAya kriyApradhAna hai aura jIva kI bhAva prdhaan| donoM kramaza: yoga aura upayoga se saMbaddha hone ke kAraNa donoM karmoM kA saMbaMdha jIva ke sAtha hai|127 karma aura karma se pravRtti kI paraMparA anAdikAla se cala rahI hai| karma aura pravRtti meM kArya kAraNa bhAva ko lakSya meM rakhate hue kArmaNa jAti ke pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDarUpa karma ko dravyakarma aura tajjanita rAga-dveSAdi pariNAmoM se huI pravRttiyoM ko bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai| 128 dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI prakriyA saMsArI jIva kI pratyeka mAnasika-vAcika-kAyika pravRtti yA kriyA to karma hai hI, paraMtu vaha baMdhakAraka tabhI banatA hai, jaba jIva ke pariNAma rAga, dveSa, moha, kaSAya Adi se yukta hoN| vahI rAga-dveSAtmaka pariNAma bhAvakarma kahalAtA hai| 129 jaina darzana kA mantavya hai ki, isa samagra loka meM DibiyA meM bhare hue kAjala kI taraha

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154 sUkSma aura bAdara karma-pudgala paramANu ThasAThasa bhare hue haiN| aisA koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai, jahA~ karma pudgala paramANu na hoN| lekina ye samasta karma pudgala paramANu karma nahIM khlaate| inakI vizeSatA yahI hai ki, inameM karma banane kI yogyatA hai kintu pahale mAnasa meM kisI bhI taraha kA kampanna spaMdana hotA hai, arthAt mana meM prazasta aprazasta puNyarUpa, pAparUpa saMkalpa vikalpa paidA hotA hai| karmayogya pudgala sarva lokavyApI hone se, jahA~ AtmA hai vahA~ pahale se vidyamAna rahate haiN| jisa kSetra meM Atma pradeza haiM, usI kSetra meM rahate hue karmayogya pudgala karmayukta jIva ke rAgadveSAdi rUpa pariNAmoM ke kAraNa Atma pradezoM ke sAtha baddha ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra Atma pradezoM se saMbaMdha, ye karma paramANu jainadRSTi se dravyakarma kahalAte haiN|130 paMcAstikAya 31 kA aura jainadarzana aura AtmavicAra 32 meM bhI yahI bAta hai| kisI bhI kArya ke lie nimitta aura upAdAna donoM hI kAraNa anivArya haiN| kArya sadaiva kAraNa sApekSa hotA hai| upAdAna aura nimitta donoM hI prakAra ke kAraNa pratyeka kArya meM hote haiN| nimitta naimittika zrRMkhalA ___mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRtti ke nimitta pAkara karma vargaNAe~ svata: AkarSita ho jAtI haiM aura Atma pradezoM meM praveza karake dravyakarma ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| tatpazcAt AtmA ke rAgadveSa mohAtmaka bhAva karma kA nimitta pAkara dravyakarma jIva ke sAtha baMdhe rahate haiN| sthitipUrNa hone para dravyakarma udaya meM Ate haiM yAne phalonmukha hote haiN| jIva meM yoga aura upayoga utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra bhAvakarma se dravyakarma aura dravyakarma se bhAvakarma kI yaha nimitta-naimittika zrRMkhalA pravAha rUpa se anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai| jaise bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se bIja banatA hai, usameM kisI ko bhI pahale yA pIche nahIM kahA jA sktaa|133 ThIka isI prakAra dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma meM bhI kisI ke pahale yA pazcAt hone kA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| inameM saMtati kI apekSA se pArasparika anAdi kArya kAraNa bhAva hai| 134 gaNadharavAda meM bhI yahI bAta batAI gaI hai|135 samaNasuttaM meM bhI yahI bAta hai|136 bhAvakarma kI utpatti meM dravyakarma kAraNa kyoM mAneM yadi yaha zaMkA kI jAe ki bhAvakarma se dravyakarma kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha to ThIka hai; kyoMki jIva apane rAgadveSa mohAtmaka pariNAmoM ke kAraNa hI dravyakarma ke baMdhana meM baddha hotA hai, aura janma maraNAdi rUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadi dravyakarma ke abhAva meM bhI bhAvakarma kI utpatti saMbhava mAnI jAyegI to mukta jIvoM meM bhI bhAvakarma prAdurbhUta hone lagegA, aura unheM bhI bhAvakarmavaza saMsAra meM puna: janma maraNAdi cakra

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155 meM par3anA pddegaa| phira to saMsAra aura mokSa meM koI aMtara nahIM rhegaa| saMsArI jIvoM kI taraha mukta jIvoM meM bhI karma baMdhana yogyatA mAnanI pddegii| aisI sthiti meM koI bhI vyakti karma mukta hone kI sAdhanA meM puruSArtha kyoM karegA? phira to koI bhI vyakti apane pUrvakRta karmoM kA kSaya karane tathA naye Ane vAle karmoM kA nirodha (saMvara) karane ke lie utsAhita nahIM hogaa| ata: jaina darzana meM karma siddhAMta hai ki mukta jIvoM meM dravyakarma kA abhAva hone se bhAvakarma bhI nahIM hotaa| saMsArI jIvoM meM pUrvakRta dravyakarma ke hone se bhAvakarma kI utpatti hotI hai| isI kAraNa karmabaddha AtmA ke lie saMsAra anAdi hai|137 Atma mImAMsA meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai|138 bhAvakarma kI utpatti kaise? saMsArI AtmA kI pravRtti yA kriyA ko bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai paraMtu jaina karma marmajJoM ne rAga aura dveSa ina donoM ko mUla meM hI bhAvakarma kA bIja kahA hai| sAtha hI bhAkkarma kI utpatti mohanIya karma se mAnI jAtI hai| ata: jaise rAgadveSa ke sAtha (bhAva) karma kA kArya kAraNa bhAva mAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI tRSNA aura moha kA bhI paraspara kArya kAraNa bhAva batAyA gayA hai| jaise tRSNA se moha aura moha se tRSNA paidA hotI hai, vaise hI rAgadveSa se karma aura karma se rAgadveSa utpanna hote haiN| ___AtmA ke krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAroM kaSAyoM rUpI AbhyaMtara pariNAmoM ko bhI bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai| mithyAtva, avirata, pramAda, kaSAya ye cAroM mohanIya karma ke hI aMtargata haiM, tathA AtmA ke vaibhAvika AMtarika pariNAma haiM, isalie ye bhI bhAvakarma haiN| 139 jJAna kA amRta140 meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai| yoga aura kaSAya AtmA kI pravRtti ke do rUpa - saMsArI AtmA sadaiva sazarIrI hotI hai, isalie usakI pravRtti mana, vacana, kAyA ke avalaMbana binA nahIM ho sktii| mana, vacana, kAyA se hone vAlI pravRtti ko jaina paribhASA meM yoga kahA jAtA hai| saMsArI jIvoM ke kaSAyarUpa yA rAgadveSAdi rUpa AMtarika pariNAmoM kA prAdurbhAva bhI yogoM (mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRttiyoM) se hotA hai| spaSTa zabdoM meM kaheM to sAMsArika AtmA kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti jaba rAga, dveSa, moha yA kaSAya se raMjita hotI hai, vaha bhAvakarma kahalAtI hai aura inase dravyakarma ko grahaNa karake jIva baMdhana se baddha hotI hai| isa dRSTi se AtmA kI pravRtti eka hote hue bhI apekSA se usake pRthakpRthak do nAma yogarUpa aura kaSAyarUpa rakhe gaye haiN|141 samaNasutta meM bhI yahI bAta batAI gaI hai|142 karmagraMtha meM yahI kahA hai|143

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. 156 jitanI kaSAya tIvra maMda utanA hI karma kA baMdha tIvra maMda jaina karma vijJAna marmajJoM kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra raMga rahita kapaDA eka rUpa hI hotA hai, usI prakAra kaSAya yukta mana, vacana, kAyA ke yoga se eka rUpa hote haiN| jisa prakAra raMge hue kapaDe kA raMga kabhI halkA aura kabhI gaharA hotA hai, isI prakAra yoga (vyavahAra) ke sAtha kaSAya kA raMga bhI kabhI tIvra hotA hai, kabhI mNd| kaSAya ke raMga kI tIvratA-maMdatA ke anusAra hI yoga pravRtti tIvra-maMda hogii| isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki bhAvakarma kI jitanI-jitanI tIvratA maMdatA hogI, dravyakarma kA baMdha bhI utanA-utanA tIvra maMda hogaa| spaSTa zabdoM meM kaheM to AtmA ke rAgadveSa Adi bhAva (bhAvakarma) jitane tIvra hoMge, pudgala karma dravyakarma bhI AtmA ke sAtha utane hI tIvra rUpa meM bNdhege| isake viparIta yadi AtmA meM rAgadveSa Adi bhAvakarma maMdarUpa meM hogeM to dravyakarma bhI AtmA ke sAtha utane hI maMdarUpa meM zithila bNdhege|144 karmavAda meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai|145 sUkSma karmaraja samagra loka meM vyApta hai| dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma eka hI AtmA rUpI sikke ke do pahalu haiN| jaina karmavettAoM ne dravyakarma kI apekSA bhAvakarma ko adhika gaMbhIra mAnakara isase bacane kA evaM zubha dhyAna, anuprekSA, samabhAva, kSamA, titikSA Adi dvArA bhAvoM ko zuddha banAkara karmoM kI tIvratA ko kama karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| AcArya vidyAnaMdI ne 'aSTasahasrI' meM dravyakarma ko 'AvaraNa' aura bhAvakarma ko 'doSa' ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| dravya karma ko 'AvaraNa' isalie kahA gayA hai ki vaha Atma zaktiyoM ke prakaTIkaraNa ko rokatA hai| isI prakAra bhAvakarma AtmA kI vibhAvadazA hai| isalie vaha apane Apa meM doSa hai| jaina darzana meM karma ke AvaraNa aura doSa ye do kArya batAye gaye haiN|146 karma aura AtmA ke pradeza kA anyonyA praveza yA eka dUsare meM anusyUta honA yA eka kSetrAvagAhI honA dravyabaMdha hai|147 AptaparIkSA148 meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai| beDiyoM kA (bAhya) baMdhana dravyabaMdha hai aura rAga Adi vibhAvoM kA baMdhana bhAvabaMdha hai|149 niSkarSa yaha hai ki karma ke dravyAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra karane para hI karma kI sarvAMgINa vyAkhyA ho sakatI hai| karma saMskAra rUpa bhI pudgala rUpa bhI ___karma sAMsArika prANiyoM ke jIvana meM ba~dhA huA eka niyama hai| yaha pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha sannihita hone vAlA siddhAMta hai| jina pratyakSadarzI sarvajJa Apta puruSoM ne karma kI khoja aura anubhUti kI unhoMne karma ke niyama ko khojA aura unakA anubhava bhI kiyaa| jaise

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157 vaijJAnika prakRti ke niyama kI khoja karatA hai, vaise hI karma vijJAna ke jJAtA draSTA mahApuruSoM ne buddhi ke stara para nahIM, anubhUti ke stara para karma ke niyama kA zodha kiyA vaha niyama hai| kArya kAraNa kA yA kriyA pratikriyA kA niym| arthAt koI bhI kArya, kAraNa ke binA nahIM hotaa| AtmA kA baMdhana bhI binA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- 'jo niyama hai, dharma hai, vaha dhruva hai, nitya hai, zAzvata hai, jinopadiSTa hai|' vaha niyama isa prakAra hai- jahA~ svAbhAvika kriyA nahIM hai, vaibhAvika kriyA hai, vahA~ AtmA karma se baddha hotI hai|150 AtmA kI vaibhAvika kriyAe~ karma haiM ___ maiM jAnatA dekhatA hU~, yaha AtmA kA apanA svabhAva hai, kintu 'maiM kahatA hU~, maiM sunatA hU~, maiM socatA hU~' ityAdi kriyAe~ yA pravRttiyA~ svAbhAvika nahIM haiN| sAMyogika haiM, vaibhAvika haiN| AtmA aura zarIra kA yaha saMyoga prANa zakti ko utpanna karane kA nimitta banatA hai| prANa zakti arthAt zarIrastha taijasa zakti-UrjA shkti| usI UrjA zakti ke saMcAlana se sabhI kriyAe~ hotI haiM, jo AtmA kI na hone se asvAbhAvika haiM, vaibhAvika haiN| jahA~ AtmA jAnane dekhane kI apanI svAbhAvika kriyA se haTakara mana, vacana yA kAyA se saMyukta hokara koI bhI kriyA karatI hai, vahA~ AtmA ke lie baMdhana hotA hai| vahI baMdhana mana, vacana aura kAyArUpa karma banate haiN| pratyeka kriyA, pravRtti yA kArya saMyogavaza hone ke kAraNa AtmA ke lie karma baMdha kA kAraNa hai aura ise samajhane ke lie kriyA pratikriyA ke niyama ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| kriyA pratikriyA kA niyama bhI karma kA niyama hai| prANI jo kucha bhI kriyA yA pravRtti karatA hai, usakI pratikriyA hotI hai| pravRtti samApta ho jAtI hai, paraMtu usakI pratikriyA samApta nahIM hotii| ghaMTe para eka bAra kisI ne DaMDA mArakara dhvani kI, vaha dhvani samApta ho gaI; paraMtu usakI pratidhvani samApta nahIM huI, pratidhvani raha gii| kriyA choTI hai, pratikriyA baDI, kyoMki kriyA kI pratikriyA athavA pravRtti kI pratipravRtti puna: puna: Avartana hotI rahatI hai|151 pramAda hI saMskAra rUpa karma (Astrava) kA kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA '(pravRtti meM) pramAda ko karma (karma kA hetu = Asrava) aura apramAda ko akarma (saMvara) kahA hai|' eka samaya kI yA eka bAra kI bhUla (pramAda)152 hajAra bAra AvRtti ho sakatI hai| manuSya pramAdavaza pravRtti karatA hai, vaha cittavRtti yA saMskAra

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158 karma hai| isa prakAra karma ko vibhinna Astika darzanoM ne citta saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki, pratyeka zubha yA azubha pravRtti apanA saMskAra choDa jAtI hai|153 samasta sAMsArika jIva, mana, vacana, kAyA ke dvArA sote-jAgate, uThate-baiThate, khAtepIte, calate-phirate hara samaya kucha na kucha pravRtti karate rahate haiN| inhIM pravRttioM ke kAraNa karmoM kA Asrava aura Age calakara baMdha hotA hai| isa Asrava ko hI karma pravRtti ke saMskAroM kA saMgraha kahA jA sakatA hai|154 __ karma pravRtti ke saMskAroM ko saMcita karane ke lie prakRti kI ora se yadi koI sAdhana na juTAyA jAe to prANI ke dvArA kRta kArya kA kSaNa bItane ke sAtha hI karma bhI sarvathA samApta ho jAte aura usa prANI ko kisI prakAra se baMdhana meM par3ane kA bhaya bhI nahIM rhtaa| kadAcit aisA saMbhava ho jAtA to jagat kA pratyeka prANI nirbhaya aura svacchaMda hokara manamAnI pravRtti krtaa| nyAya-nIti yA maryAdA nAma kI koI bhI vastu zeSa na rhtii| eka zaktizAlI vyakti sAre jagat ko nigalane ke lie taiyAra ho jaataa| isalie prakRti kA anugraha mAnanA caahie| usane icchApUrvaka kRtakarmoM ke samasta saMskAroM ko saMcita karane ke lie pratyeka prANI ke na cAhate hue bhI usake sAtha 'kArmaNa zarIra' nAmaka eka aisA sAdhana pradAna kiyA hai, jisake dvArA usa prANI ke dvArA kiye gaye acche yA bure samasta karmoM ke saMskAra binA kisI prayatna ke svata: usa para aMkita hote rahate haiN|155 sthUla audArika zarIra rahe yA na rahe, kArmaNa zarIra to marate jIte paraloka jAte tathA vividha gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM rahate hue hara samaya prANI ke sAtha rahatA hai aura usakI samagra kAryavAhI kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa karatA rahatA hai| yaha jar3a (pudgala) hote hue bhI cetanavat hai| kArmaNa zarIra : kArya bhI hai kAraNa bhI hai cetanA kI tamAma pravRttiyoM ke prati yaha kArya bhI hai aura kAraNa bhI hai| yaha (kArmaNa zarIra) karma ke saMskAroM ko grahaNa kara ke sthita rahatA hai| isa kAraNa yaha usakA kArya bhI hai aura yathA samaya phalonmukha hokara jIva ko puna: usI prakAra ke karma karane ke lie prerita karatA hai| cAhate yA na cAhate hue bhI prANI ko usakI preraNA se karma karanA paDatA hai| isa kAraNa yaha usakI samasta pravRttiyoM kA kAraNa bhI hai| * yadyapi cetana pravRtti ko karma kahA jAtA hai, tathApi usakA kArya tathA kAraNa hone se kArmaNa zarIra ko bhI upacAra se 'karma' kahA jAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne samasta zarIroM kI utpatti ke mUla kAraNa hone se kArmaNa zarIra ko dravyakarma kahA hai|156

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159 vizeSatA itanI hai ki cetanA pravRtti kI bhA~ti yaha sIdhA bhAvAtmaka na hokara paramANuoM se nimitta hone ke kAraNa dravyAtmaka hai| isalie dravyakarma nAma sArthaka hai| zrI jinendravarNI ke zabdoM meM cetana kI karma pravRtti se kArmaNa zarIra para saMskAra aMkita hote haiN| aura kucha kAla ke bAda usa para aMkita saMskAra jAgRta hote haiN| una jAgRta saMskAroM kI preraNA se jIva puna: karmoM se pravRtta hotA hai, usa pravRtti se puna: kArmaNa zarIra para saMskAra aMkita hote haiN| kucha kAla pazcAt aMkita hue ve saMskAra puna: jAgRta hote haiM aura una jAgRta saMskAroM kI preraNA se jIva puna: karmoM meM pravRtta hotA hai| isa prakAra pravRtti aura saMskAroM kA yaha cakra pravAha rUpa se anAdikAla se calatA A rahA hai aura taba taka calatA rahegA, jaba taka jIva karmoM kI kArya kAraNa paraMparA se sarvathA virata nahIM ho jaataa|157 kArya yA karma yA artha yahA~ miTTI para paDe hue padacihna jaisA kucha nahIM hai| na hI cittabhUmi yA kArmaNa zarIra miTTI ke jaisA hai, jisa para cihna aMkita huA dikhAI de ske| yaha to samajhAne ke lie upamA dI hai| vastuta: cittabhUmi yA kArmaNa zarIra donoM hI jJAnAtmaka yA bhAvAtmaka hai| isalie usa para par3A huA cihna bhI jJAnAtmaka yA bhAvAtmaka jaisA hI kucha hai| use zAstrIya bhASA meM vRtti, dhAraNA yA saMskAra kahate haiN| eka prakAra se smRti kA cyuta na honA hI dhAraNA hai|158 koi bhI kArya, kriyA yA pravRtti kyoM na ho, use niraMtara karate rahane para usakI Adata ho jAtI hai| vaha Adata yA vRtti hI saMskAra zabda kA vAcaka hai| ise hI jAnane ke kSetra meM dhAraNA yA smRtti kahate haiN| bolane yA karane ke kSetra meM yA bhogane ke kSetra meM ise saMskAra yA vRtti bhI kahate haiN| kisI bhI pATha yA maMtra ko bAra-bAra raTane yA doharAne se vaha smRti kA viSaya hokara jJAnagata dhAraNAmaya saMskAra bana jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki, acchA yA burA koI bhI kArya karane para usakA prabhAva citta para avazya paDatA hai| kArya samApta hone para bhI citta para paDA prabhAva samApta nahIM hotA, bhale hI pahalI bAra meM usa kArya kI Adata nahIM paDatI, paraMtu bAra-bAra karate rahane para vaha Adata pakkI ho jAtI hai, vahI saMskAra rUpa bana jAtI hai|159 jaina zAstrIya bhASA meM pratyeka samaya meM prApta karma ke sUkSma prabhAva ko Asrava tathA saMskAra yA Adata ke rUpa meM unhIM aneka prabhAvoM ke ghanIbhUta ho jAne ko hama baMdha tattva kaha sakate haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki, janma-jarA-maraNa rUpa saMsAra cakra meM paribhramaNa karate hue prANI avidyA, ajJAna yA mithyAtva se grasta haiN| ve jo bhI kriyA yA pravRtti karate haiM, vaha ajJAna mUlaka hotI hai| rAgadveSAdivaza unakI pravRtti hotI hai, jo apane pIche saMskAra ko choDa detI hai| isa kAraNa unakI pratyeka pravRtti yA kriyA AtmA ke lie baMdhakAraka ho jAtI hai|160

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- 160 pudgala kA karma rUpa meM pariNamana kaise? jIva ke rAgAdi pariNAmoM ke nimitta se pudgala kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana kaise ho jAtA hai? ise samajhane ke lie kezavasiMha ne kriyA koSa meM kahA hai- koI vyakti sUrya ke sanmukha darpaNa rakhakara usa darpaNa ke Age ruI rakha detA hai, to sUrya aura darpaNa kA teja milakara agni prakaTa ho jAtI hai, vaha ruI usase jala jAtI hai, na to akelI ruI meM hI agni hai, na hI darpaNa meM kahIM agni hai| sUrya aura darpaNa ke sAtha ruI kA saMyoga milane se ni:saMdeha agni paidA ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra jIva ke sAtha usake rAgAdi pariNAmoM ke saMyoga se AtmA meM sthita pudgaloM kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana ho jAtA hai|161 isalie karma kevala saMskAra rUpa hI na hokara pudgala rUpa bhI haiN| eka vastu bhUta padArtha hai; rAgadveSa pariNAma yukta jIva kI kriyA se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha usI taraha ghulamila jAtA hai, jaise dUdha meM paanii| vaha padArtha hai to bhautika-paudgalika, kiMtu usakA karma nAma162 isalie rUr3ha ho gayA hai ki, jIva ke karma arthAt kriyA ke kAraNa se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha baMdha jAtA hai, cipaka jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki, jahA~ anya darzana rAgadveSa mohAdi se AviSTa jIva kI pratyeka kriyA ko karma kahate haiM aura usa karma ke kSaNika hone para bhI adRSTa dharmAdharma, apUrva, karmAzaya, kleza Adi ke mAdhyama se saMskAra ko sthAI mAnate haiM, vahA~ jaina darzana kA mantavya hai ki, karma kA isa saMskAra rUpa ke sivAya bhI eka aura rUpa hai| pudgalarUpa rAgadveSAviSTa jIva kI pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha AtmA meM eka prakAra kA dravya-pudgala AtA hai jo usake rAgadveSa pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara AtmA ke sAtha baMdha jAtA hai| kAlAntara meM yahI (karma) pudgala dravya jIva ko zubhAzubha phala detA hai|163 jIva ke rAgAdi pariNamana meM paudgalika karma nimitta puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM kahA gayA hai; jaise megha ke avalaMbana se sUrya kI kiraNoM kA indra dhanuSAdirUpa pariNamana ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra svayaM apane caitanyamaya (vaibhAvika) bhAvoM se pariNamanazIla jIvana ke rAgAdirUpa pariNamana meM paudgalika karma nimitta mAtra ho jAtA hai| vastuta: jIva ke rAgAdi pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgaloM kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana svata: ho jAtA hai| 164 karma pudgaloM ke karmarUpa meM pariNamana kI prakriyA ke saMbaMdha meM jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki isa loka meM 6 dravya mAne gaye haiN| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura kaal| hama apane cAroM ora carma-cakSu se jo kucha dekhate haiM, vaha saba pudgala dravya hai| yaha pudgala dravya 23 prakAra kI vargaNAoM meM vibhakta hai|

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161 una vargaNAoM meM eka kArmaNa vargaNA bhI hai, jo samasta loka meM vyApta hai| yaha kArmaNa vargaNA hI rAgAdi grasta jIvoM ke karmoM kA nimitta pAkara karmarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| 165 pravacanasAra meM isa tathya ko ujAgara kiyA hai- jaba rAga-dveSa yukta AtmA zubhAzubha kAryoM meM pravRtta hotI hai, taba usameM jJAnAvaraNIyAdi rUpa se karmaraja praviSTa hotI hai|166 pariNAmoM se karma aura karma se pariNAma kA cakra niSkarSa yaha hai ki jo karmabaddha jIva janmamaraNAdi rUpa saMsAra cakra meM paDA hai usane rAgadveSAdi rUpa pariNAma avazya hotA hai pariNAmoM se naye karma baMdhate haiN| karmoM se gatiyoM meM janma, janma se zarIra aura indriyoM kI prApti, indriyoM se viSaya grahaNa tathA viSaya grahaNa se rAgadveSarUpa pariNAma hote haiN| isa prakAra saMsAra cakra meM paDe hue jIva ke pariNAmoM se karma aura karma se pariNAma hote rahate haiN|167 jIva pudgala karmacakra pahale kriyA-pratikriyA ke niyamAnusAra karmabaddha jIva (AtmA) ke rAgAdi pariNAmajanya saMskAra ke rUpa meM karma rahate haiM, phira AtmA meM sthita prAcIna karmoM ke sAtha hI naye karma baMdhana kI prApti hotI rahatI hai| isa prakAra paraMparA se kadAcit karmabaddha mUrtika AtmA ke sAtha mUrtika karmadravya kA saMbaMdha hai| saMsArI jIva aura karma ke isa anAdi saMbaMdha kI jIva pudgala karmacakra ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki, anya darzana jahA~ jIva kI pravRtti (kriyA) tajjanya saMskAra ko hI karma kahakara ruka gaye, vahI jainadarzana karmabaddha saMsArI jIva ko kathaMcit mUrta mAnakara pudgala dravya ko aura usake nimitta se hone vAle rAgadveSa rUpa bhAvoM ko bhI karma kahatA hai|168 jIva mana, vacana, kAyA dvArA kucha na kucha karatA hai| yaha sabhI usakI kriyA yA karma hai| ise bhAvakarma kahate haiN| ye do prakAra ke karma to sabhI ko mAnya haiM, paraMtu isa prakAra ke bhAvakarma se prabhAvita hokara kucha sUkSma jar3a (karma) pudgala skaMdha jIva ke aneka pradezoM meM praviSTa ho jAte haiM, usake sAtha baMdha jAte haiN| yaha bAta kevala jaina darzana hI batAtA hai| ye sUkSma pudgala skaMdha ajIvakarma yA dravyakarma kahalAte haiN| ye rUpa rasAdi dhAraka mUrtika hote haiN| jIva jaisejaise karma karatA hai usake svabhAva ko lekara ye dravyakarma usake sAtha baMdhate haiN| - ata: siddha hai ki, karma pudgalarUpa bhI hai| jinake prabhAva se jIva ke anAdi guNa tirohita ho jAte haiN| ve sUkSma hone ke kAraNa ye carmacakSuoM se dRSTa nahIM haiN|169

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162 saMdarbha 1. Agama ke anamola ratna, bhAga - 1 (hastImunijI, mevADI), pR. 252 2. yaMtra-maMtra-taMtra vijJAna, bhAga - 2, pR. 34 3. jaina thoka saMgraha, bhAga - 2 (dhIMgaDamalajI giDiyA), pR. 225 4. pramANamImAMsA (anu. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla), sUtra - 1 5. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 1 (sukhalAlajI), prastAvanA, pR. 7 6. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) prastAvanA, pR. 26 7. tIrthaMkara caritra (ratanalAla DozI), pR. 52 8. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) prastAvanA, pR. 27 9. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) dvitIya vakSaskAra 'payAhiyAe uvadisaI' / prastAvanA, pR. 58-60 10. kalpasUtra (saMpA. paM. muni nemicaMdra jI ma.sA.), pR. 263 11. RSabhadeva eka parizIlana, pR. 120 / 12. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) prastA., pR. 29 13. kalpasUtra (saMpA. paM. muni nemicaMdra jI ma.sA.) pR. 259 14. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.) prastA., pR. 268 15. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, bhAga - 1 (saMpA. gaNezalalavANI), pR. 88 16. AdipurANa (karmavijJAna) bhAga-1 (upAcArya devendramunijI), pR. 239 17. Avazyaka niyukti (zrImadharibhadrasUri), pR. 337 18. kalpasUtra (saMpA. paM. muni nemicaMdra jI ma.sA.) pR. 269 19. zrImad bhAgavat, 1/3/13 20. dhammapada, (rAhula sAMkRtyAyAna), pR. 422 21. saMbujjhaha kiM na....... puNarAvi jIviyaM / / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), a. 2 gA. 89, pR. 111 22. nAyaM deho ..... brahmasaukhya tvnntm| zrImad bhAgavata (paMcama skaMdha) 23. AdipurANa (karmavijJAna bhAga - 1), (yuvAcArya deveMdramuni ma.sA.), pR. 242 .24. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), zru. 1, a. 2 25. javAhara kiraNAvalI, bhAga - 14 (rAmavanagamana, bhAga - 1), pU. javAharalAlajI 26. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, (saMpA. gaNezalalavANI) 27. (NECESSITY IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION) karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.) pR. 251 28. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 251 - 252 29. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (saMpA. gaNezalalavANI), pR. 70

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163 30. kalpasUtra (saMpA. paM. muni nemicaMdra jI ma.sA.), pR. 269 31. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra (saMpA. paM. muni nemicaMdra jI ma.sA.), pR. 40 32. kalpasUtra (saMpA. paM. muni nemicaMdra jI ma.sA.), pR. 26 33. baDI sAdhu vaMdanA pada- 1, (pU. jayamalajI ma.sA.), DaoN. padyamunijI 34. vaMdanIya sAdhujana (bhAnumatibena ke. mehatA), pR. 1 35. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), pR. 320 36. kalpasUtra (saMpA. paM. muni nemicaMdra jI ma.sA.), pR. 186 .37. AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), pra. zru. a. 9,3-4 pR. 305 38. bhagavAna mahAvIra eka anuzIlana, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 9 39. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 263 . 40. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), a. 25/37 kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi..... havai kmmunnaa| 41. bhagavatIsUtra bhAga - 1 (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), pR. 81 42. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 271 43. atthaM bhAsaI arahA, suttaM gaMthANi gaNaharA .. sutaM pvttii|| Avazyaka niyukti (haribhadrasUri), pR. 192 44. pramANamImAMsA (anu. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla), pR. 1 45. samavAyAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), 12/511, pR. 171 .46. vizeSAvazyakabhASya (hukumacaMdra bhArilla), gA. 1119-1124 47. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 273-275 48. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 276-277 49. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 1 (marudhara kesarI pU. mizrImalajI ma.sA.), pR. 69 50. karmaprakRti (AcArya zivazarmasUri), karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR.290,291 51. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 281 52. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina), bhAga - 4, pR. 27 se 142 53. karma sAhitya, saMkSipta itihAsa (muni nityAnaMda vijayajI), karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.) pR. 281 54. karma sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa (agaracaMdajI nAhaTA) jinavANI karma siddhAMta - vizeSAMka 55. karma siddhAMta (mohanalAlajI), pR. 20 56. sanmati tarka prakaraNa (siddhasena divAkara), pR. 3, 53 57. zvetAzvataropaniSad (motIlAla jAlAna), a. 1 zlo.2, pR. 71

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164 58. kAlo sahAvaNiyaI ... huti sammataM / / sanmati tarka prakaraNa, (AcArya siddhasena divAkara), pR. 3, 53 59. ata: kAlAdaya: sarva samudAyena kaarnnm| gabhadiH kAryajAtasya vijJeyA nyaayvaadibhiH|| na caikekata .... janikA mtaa| zAstravArtA samuccaya 2/79-80 60. jainadarzana (DaoN. maheMdra nyAyAcArya), pR. 80-81 61. jainadarzana (DaoN. maheMdra nyAyAcArya), pR. 85 62. jainadarzana (DaoN. maheMdra nyAyAcArya), pR. 105 63. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), prastAvanA, pR. 31 64. saMvacchareNa bhikkhA ..... lognaahenn|| samavAyAMga sUtra (yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), pR. 157 65. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 340 66. jainadRSTi karma pR. 21 67. udyamena hi siddhati ........ mukhe mRgaaH| hitopadeza, 68. aMtakRtadazA (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ma.sA.), varga - 6 pR. 125-127 69. karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 347 70. karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJajI), pR. 130 71. yat kriyate tatkarma, SaTakhaNDAgama, bhAga 1 (paM. bAlacaMdra siddhAMtazAstrI), pR. 18 72. yogo vyApAraH karma kriytetynrthaantrm| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (hukumacaMdra bhArilla), 73. 'karma no siddhAMta' (hIrAbhAI Thakkara), pR. 3 74. karmamImAMsA, pR. 2 75. upAsakadazAMga sUtra (saMpA. madhukaramunijI), a. 1 76. jIvIkArye aarNbhe| (paMcAzaka vivaraNa -1) 77. kammANi taNahAra gaadiinni| AcArAMgacUlikA a. 1 78. kammaM jamaNAyariovadesaja...... bheyvaa|| abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa 'kamma' zabda pR. 244 79. anAcAryaka karma,..... nitya vyaapaarH| bhagavatIsUtra, za. 12/3, pra. vRtti 80. Atma saMyoga prayatnAbhyA haste krm| vaizeSika darzana 81. utkSepaNa ..... paMca c| nyAyasiddhAMta muktAvalI - 6 82. karturIpsitatamaM karma (pANinikRta aSTAdhyAyI), 1/4/49 83. Atma mImAMsA (paM. sukhalAlajI mAlavaNiyA) karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 357 84. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamunijI ma.); karmavijJAna bhAga-1, pR. 357 85. dharma nirNaya siNdhu| karmavijJAna bhAga-1, pR. 347 Ana

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165 86. gItA rahasya, pR. 55-56 .87. bhagavadgItA, a. 5 zlo. 8-11 88. aMguttara nikAya karmavijJAna bhAga-1, pR. 358 89. jaina karmasiddhAMta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) karmavijJAna bhAga-1, pR. 359 90. bauddha dharmadarzana (AcArya narendra deva), pR. 249 91. kirai jieNa heuhi jeNa to bhaNNae kmm| gA. 1 karma graMtha prathama bhAga, (pU. marudhara kesarI mizrIlAlajI) 92. karmasiddhAMta (jinendravarNI), pR. 42 93. kAya vAGmana: karma yogH| tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAtIjI), a. 6 sUtra - 1 94. te tivihe maNappao kammaM ..... kevalINaM vaa| SaTkhaNDAgama 13/5, 4 thA sUtra 16-17 .95. karma mImAMsA (paM. phUlacaMdra siddhAMtazAstrI), pR. 16, 17 96. karmavAda (AcArya mahAprajJa), pR. 193 97. yathA bhAjana vizeSa...... pariNAmo veditvy| tattvArtha rAjavArtika (akalaMkadeva), pR. 294 98. karma mImAMsA, prastAvane, pR. 17 99. bhAvavantau kriyAvantau ..... dhArAvAhyeka vastuni / / paMcAdhyAyI (rAjamalla), a. 2/25, 26, 42 . 100. jaina karmasiddhAMta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 12 101. vidhi sraSTA vidhAtA ca .... karma veghasaH (AdipurANa, mahApurANa), 4/37 102. abhikarma-koSa- pariccheda - 4 103. brahmasUtrazAMkarabhASya - 2/1/14 104. sAMkhyadarzana (karmavijJAna bhAga-1), (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 364 105. sAMkhya kArikA (karmavijJAna bhAga-1), (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 364 106. sAMkhya tattva kaumudi (karmavijJAna bhAga-1), (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.) pR. 364 107. yogadarzana (vyAsa bhASya), 1-5-2-3-2-12-2-13 108. nyAya bhASya, 1/1/2 109. nyAya sUtra, 1/1/17. 4/1/3-9 110. nyAya maMjarI, pR. 471-472 111. evaM ca kSaNa .... dharmAdharmagirocyate // nyAya maMjarI, pR. 472 112. mImAMsA sUtra zAMkara bhASya, 2/1/5 113. taMtra vArtika, 2/1/5 oroor

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. 166 114. zAstra dIpikA, 2/1/5, pR. 80 115. adRSTa: karma saMskArA: .... kIrtitAH / / zAstravArtA samuccaya, pR. 107 116. ummu ca pAsa iha mccehi|..... AcArAMgasUtra 117. tayA dhuNaI kmmry| dazavaikAlika sUtra, 4/20 118. sa niddhaNe ghutamala pure kaDa / dazavaikAlika sUtra, 7/57 119. bAIbala (karmavijJAna bhAga-1), (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 365 120. kurAna sarIpha (karmavijJAna bhAga-1, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 365 121. jaina karmasiddhAMta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 13 122. poggalapiMDo davva tassati bhAvakamma tuu| gommaTasAra karmakANDa, (AcArya nemicaMdra), 6/5/6 123. karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana, jinavANI karma siddhAMta vizeSAMka meM (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 26 124. karmagraMtha bhAga - 1 prastA. (paM. sukhalAlajI), pR. 19-21 125. tattvArthasAra, 5/24/9 .126. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamunijI), pR. 10 127. karma siddhAMta (jinendra varNI), pR. 43 128. karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana, jinavANI karma siddhAMta vizeSAMka meM (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.) pR. 25 129. Atma mImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA), pR. 95 130. paMcAstikAya (AcArya kuMdakuMda), gA. 64 131. paMcAstikAya kI TIkA (AcArya amRtacaMda) 132. jainadarzana aura AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacaMdra jaina), pR. 184 133. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 4 (mohanalAla mehatA), pR. 5 134. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 1 (marudhara kesarI pU. mizrIlAla ma.sA.), pR. 55, 56 135. gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA (pa. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA), pR. 81 .136. samaNasuttaM (saMskRta chAyA - becaradAsa dozI), pR. 20 137. karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana, (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 26 138. Atma mImAMsA, pR. 97 139. rAgo ya doso vi ya kmmbiiy| ___ uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. madhukaramunijI), a. 32 gA. 7 140. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamunijI), pR. 20 141. Atma mImAMsA, pR. 98 142. samaNasuttaM (saMskRta chAyA - becaradAsa dozI), pR. 20 143. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 1 (marudhara kesarI pU. mizrIlAla ma.sA.), pR. 55, 56

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167 144. Atma mImAMsA (pa. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA), pR. 98-99 145. karmavAda : eka adhyayana (paM. surezamuni), pR. 34-35 146. aSTa sahasrI (AcArya vidyAnaMdI), pR. 51 147. bRhad dravyasaMgraha (jainAcArya nemIcaMdra siddhAMtideva), a. 2, gA. 32, pR. 81 148. Apta parIkSA (vidyAnaMda svAmI), kArikA - 2 pR. 4 149. sthAnAMgasUtravRtti (abhayadevasUri), sthA. 1, pR. 14 150. karmavijJAna, bhAga -1 (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 386-387 151. karmavijJAna, bhAga - 1 (upAcArya devendramunijI ma.sA.), pR. 388 152. pamAya kammamAhaMsu appamAya thaavraa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (saMpA. madhukara muni), 1/14/1 153. jaina yoga (haribhadrasUri), pR. 41 154. karma rahasya, pR. 124 155. karma rahasya, pR. 124,125 156. karma rahasya, pR. 125 157. karma rahasya, pR. 125 158. 'aviccuI dhAraNAhoI / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (hukumacaMdabhArilla), pR. 125 159. karma rahasya, pR. 160 / 160. karma kA svarUpa (paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI), (jinavANI karma siddhAMta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita), pR. 61 161. sUraja sanmukha darpaNa dharai ...... agani na saMzai dhaay|| kriyAkoSa (kezavasiMha), gA. 54-55 162. kriyA nAma Atma nA ..... krm| pravacanasAra TIkA. gA. 25 163. jinavANI karma vizeSAMka (paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI), pR. 64 164. pariNama mAnasya ...... karma tsyaapi| puruSArthasiddhayupAya TIkA, 12-13 165. paMcama karmagraMtha prastAvanA (kailAzacaMdra zAstrI), pR. 9 166. pariNamadi jadA appA...NANAvaraNAdi bhaavehi|| pravacanasAra (kuMdakuMdacArya), gA. 94 167. paMcAstikAya (kuMdakuMdacArya), gA. 128-130 168. karmagraMtha bhAga- 5 (anu. paMDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI), prastAvanA, pR. 11 169. jainendra siddhAnta-koSa, bhAga-2 (jinendra varNI), pR. 25

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caturtha prakaraNa karma kA virATa svarUpa

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168 171 171 172 174 175 177 178 178 179 179 180 caturtha prakaraNa karma kA virATa svarUpa karmabaMdha kI vyavasthA aSTakarmoM kA krama karma ke mukhya do vibhAga karmoM ke lakSaNa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA nirUpaNa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA anubhAva phala bhoga jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ matijJAnAvaraNIya karma matijJAnAvasNIya karma baMdha ke kAraNa aura nivAraNa zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karmabaMdha ke kAraNa aura nivAraNa avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma mana:paryAyajJAna kI vizeSatA kevalajJAna jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva darzanAvaraNIya karma kA nirUpaNa darzanAvaraNIya karma chaH prakAra se bAMdhe darzanAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva vedanIya karma kA nirUpaNa vedanIya karma kA vistAra asAtAvedanIya karma kA phalAnubhAva sAtAvedanIya karma daza prakAra se bAMdhe asAtAvedanIya karma bAraha prakAra se bAMdhe sAtA-asAtAvedanIya karma kA prabhAva mohanIya karma kA nirUpaNa mohanIya karma kA vistAra cAritramohanIya karma kA svarUpa darzanamohanIya karma kI tIna prakRtiyA~ cAritramohanIya karma ke do bheda 180 181 182 183 184 186 187 188 188 189 190 190 191 193 193 194 194

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169 195 195 198 200 200 201 201 202 202 205 kaSAya-cAritra-mohanIya kI 16 prakRtiyA~ anaMnatAnubaMdhI kaSAya nokaSAya-cAritra-mohanIya kA svabhAva mohanIya karmabaMdha ke 6 kAraNa mohanIya karma pAMca prakAra se bhoge mohanIya karma kA prabhAva AyuSya karma kA nirUpaNa AyuSya karma kA vistAra AyuSya karma 16 prakAra se bA~dhe AyuSya karma 4 prakAra se bhoge AyuSya karma kA prabhAva nAmakarma kA nirUpaNa nAmakarma kA vistAra nAmakarma 8 prakAra se bA~dhe nAmakarma 28 prakAra se bhoge nAmakarma kA prabhAva gotrakarma kA nirUpaNa gotrakarma kI 16 prakRtiyA~ gotrakarma 16 prakAra se bhoge gotrakarma kA prabhAva aMtarAya karma kA nirUpaNa aMtarAya karma kI 5 prakRtiyA~ aMtarAya karma baMdha 5 prakAra se bhoge aMtarAya karma kA prabhAva karmabaMdha kI parivartanIya avasthA ke 10 kAraNa anya paraMparA meM tIna avasthAe~ karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa : rAgadveSa rAga yA dveSa meM nukasAnakAraka kauna? prazasta rAga aprazasta rAga aura unake prakAra 207 207 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 213 214 216 216 217 220 221 222 223 224

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170 caturtha prakaraNa karma kA virATa svarUpa karmabaMdha kI vyavasthA aSTakarmoM kA krama karma kI ATha mUla prakRtiyoM kA aisA krama kyoM hai? isa krama kA AdhAra kyA hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki, jaise ravivAra ke bAda somavAra aura somavAra ke bAda maMgalavAra kA krama vizva ke sabhI khagola vettAoM dvArA mAnya hai, kyoMki usake pIche AdhArapUrNa anubhUta hetu hai, isI prakAra bhAratIya jyotiSiyoM ke anusAra caitra ke bAda vaizAkha aura vaizAkha ke bAda jyeSTha isa prakAra bAraha mahinoM ke krama ke nirdhAraNa ke pIche bhI eka hetu hai| chaha RtuoM kA krama bhI vicArapUrvaka nirdhArita hai| isI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke bAda darzanAvaraNIya karma, darzanAvaraNIya karma ke bAda vedanIya karma, vedanIya karma ke bAda mohanIya karma, mohanIya karma ke bAda AyuSya karma, nAmakarma, gotrakarma aura aMtarAyakarma yaha aSTavidha karma kI prakRtiyoM ke anusAra krama rakhane ke pIche bhI AdhAra pUrNa hetu hai|? AtmA ke samasta guNoM meM jJAna pramukha hai| AtmA aura jJAna kA tAdAtmya saMbaMdha hai| AtmA kI pahacAna usake jJAna guNa ke dvArA karAI jAtI hai, isalie jJAna kA avarodha karane vAle jJAnAvaraNIya karma ko sarvaprathama rakhA hai| AtmA ke darzana guNoM ko AvRta karane vAlA hone se jJAna ke pazcAt darzanAvaraNIya karma ko rakhA gyaa| ye donoM karma apanA phala dikhAne ke lie sAMsArika sukha-duHkha ko vedana karAne ke hetu banate haiM, isalie darzanAvaraNIya karma ke bAda vedanIya karma ko rakhA hai| sukha-duHkha kA vedana kaSAya yA rAga-dveSAdi hone para hotA hai| kaSAya yA rAga-dveSAdi mohanIya karma ke aMga haiM, isalie vedanIya karma ke bAda mohanIya karma kA sthAna hai| mohanIya karma se saMtrasta jIva aneka prakAra ke AraMbha-samAraMbha karatA hai, jisase vaha naraka evaM tiryaMca kA AyuSya bA~dhatA hai| isa kAraNa mohanIya karma ke bAda AyuSya karma ko rakhA hai| AyuSya karma gati, jAti, zarIra Adi ke binA nahIM bhogA jA sktaa| ata: AyuSya karma ke bAda nAma karma rakhA gayA hai| nAma karma kA udaya hone para ucca, nIca gotra kA udaya avazya hotA hai, isa dRSTi se nAma ke bAda gotrakarma ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| U~ca, nIca gotra ke udaya hone para kramaza: dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga evaM vIrya Adi zaktiyA~ nyUnAdhika rUpa se bAdhita evaM kuNThita hotI haiM, isalie gotra karma ke bAda antarAya karma ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| AThoM hI

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mUlakarma prakRtiyoM kA apane svabhAvAnusAra ucita krama rakhA gayA hai / 2 karmaprakRti aura tatvArtha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| karma kArmaNa vargaNA ke pudgala mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha baMdhate haiM, use 'karma' kahate haiM / 5 karma vijJAna - vettAoM ke anusAra svabhAva kI apekSA se karmaprakRti kI racanA hotI hai / prakRti do prakAra kI hai, mUlaprakRti aura uttaraprakRti, draSTI karma kI mUla prakRtiyA~ ATha 1) jJAnAvaraNIya karma, 4) mohanIya karma, 7) gotra karma, prajJApanA sUtra meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai| " kula 2) darzanAvaraNIya karma, 5) AyuSyakarma, 8) aMtarAya karma 6 uttara prakRtiyA~ 148 yA 158 mAnI gaI haiM - 1) jJAnavaraNIya karma kI 2) darzanAvaraNIya karma kI 3) vedanIya karma kI 4) mohanIya karma kI 5) AyuSya karma kI 6) nAma karma kI 7) gotra karma kI 8) aMtarAya karma kI karma ke mukhya do vibhAga 171 5 9 2 28 4 103 2 5 / ve isa prakAra haiM - 158 prakRtiyA~ prakRtiyA~ prakRtiyA~ prakRtiyA~ prakRtiyA~ prakRtiyA~ prakRtiyA~ prakRtiyA~ prakRtiyA~ 3) vedanIya karma, 6) nAma karma, AtmA ke svaguNoM kA ghAta karane vAlI cAroM ghAtikarmoM kI kula 47 prakRtiyA~ haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya kI 5, darzanAvaraNIya kI 9, mohanIya karma kI 28 aura aMtarAya karma kI 5 kula 47 prakRtiyA~ hotI haiM / 9 1) ghAtikarma, 2) aghAtikarma / ghAtikarma- ye karma udaya meM Ate hI AtmA ke jJAnAdika mUlaguNoM kA ghAta karate haiM, use -'ghAtIkarma' kahate haiM /

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172 ghAtikarma ke cAra prakAra haiM- 1) jJAnavaraNIya karma, 2) darzanAvaraNIya karma 3) mohanIya karma, 4) aMtarAya krm| aghAtikarma - jo karma udaya meM Ate haiM, kintu AtmA ke jJAnAdika mUlaguNoM kA ghAta nahIM karate, unheM 'aghAtikarma' kahate haiN| ye aghAtikarma AtmA ke mukhya guNoM ko hAni nahIM pahu~cAte, phira bhI cora ke sAtha rahanevAlA sAhukAra bhI cora ginA jAtA hai| aghAtikarma kI prakRti ghAtikarmoM ke sAtha vedanA meM AtI hai|10 aghAtikarma ke cAra prakAra - 1) vedanIya karma, 2) AyuSya karma, 3) nAma karma, 4) gotra krm| ghAtikarmoM kA kSaya hone ke bAda aghAtikarma laMbe samaya taka Tikate nahIM haiN| usa bhava kA AyuSya pUrNa hone ke bAda zeSa karma bhI kSaya ho jAte haiN| aura jIva sarvathA karma se rahita hokara siddha avasthA prApta karatA hai|11 tattvArthasUtra aurajainadarzana-svarUpa aura vizleSaNa meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai|13 karmoM ke lakSaNa 1) jJAnAvaraNIya karma yaha karma sUrya ko DhA~kane vAle bAdala ke samAna hai|14 AtmA ke jJAnaguNa ko AvRtta karane vAlA yA use dabAne vAlA jJAnAvaraNIya karma hai| isa prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI yaha prakRti jJAna ko AcchAdita karane kI hai, jo AtmA ke anaMtajJAna meM bAdhA DAlatI hai|15 2) darzanAvaraNIya karma yaha karma rAjA ke samIpa pahu~cAne meM dvArapAla ke samAna hai|16 karma kI dUsarI prakRti suSuptikAraka hai| isa karma prakRti kA svabhAva darzana zakti kI jAgRti para AvaraNa DAlatA hai| aise svabhAva vAlA karma darzanAvaraNIya karma hai| yaha AtmA kI anaMta darzana kI abhivyakti meM bAdhA DAlatA hai| 3) vedanIya karma yaha karma sAtA vedanIya madhu lagI huI talavAra kI dhAra ke samAna jise cATane se to mIThI mAlUma hove, paraMtu jIbha kaTa jaae|17 asAtA vedanIya aphIma lagI huI khaDga samAna hai| AtmA kA tIsarA guNa anaMta avyAbAdha-sukha hai| isa guNa ke kAraNa AtmA meM sahaja svAbhAvika anaMta sukha rahA hai, phira bhI sAMsArika AtmAe~ Atmasukha se vaMcita haiN| saMsAra meM jo yatkiMcit sukha prApta hotA hai, vaha bhI bhautika vastuoM dvArA hotA hai| isameM vedanIya karma kI prakRti kAraNa hai|

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173 4) mohanIya karma yaha karma madirA ke samAna hai|19 AtmA kA cauthA guNa svabhAva-ramaNatA rUpa anaMta cAritra hai| AtmA meM kevala apane svabhAva meM ramaNa karane kA guNa hai, kintu mohanIya karma dvArA yaha guNa vikRta ho gayA hai, jisase AtmA bhautika vastue~ prApta karane meM use surakSita rakhane meM ahaMkAra, mamakAra se grasta hokara rAga-dveSa aura kaSAya meM vyasta rahatI hai| ata: vaha svabhAva ramaNatA se kosoM dUra ho jAtI hai| yaha mohanIya karma pratikUla paristhiti meM vyakti ko bhayabhIta, ciMtita aura vicalita karake cAritra meM skhalita va kuNThita kara detA hai| 5) AyuSya karma yaha karma rAjA kI beDI ke samAna jo samaya huye binA chUTa nahIM ske|20 AtmA kA pA~cavA~ guNa akSaya sthiti yA avinAzitva hai| isa guNa ke kAraNa AtmA kA na janma hai, na jarA hai, na mRtyu hai phira bhI Ayu karma kI vajaha se AtmAko janma-maraNa karanA paDatA hai| karmagraMtha meM Ayu karma ko kArAgRha kI upamA dI hai|21 6) nAma karma22 ___ yaha karma citArA (peMTara) samAna hai, jo vividha prakAra ke rUpa banAtA hai| karmagraMtha meM bhI yahI kahA hai| 23 AtmA kA chaThA guNa arUpitva hai| isa guNa ke kAraNa AtmA meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza nahIM hai, phira bhI AtmA zarIradhArI hone se usameM kRSNa, zveta Adi varNa manuSya deva Adi gati evaM yaza-apayaza, susvara-duHsvara ityAdi jo vikAra dikhAI dete haiM, ve nAmakarma ke kAraNa haiN| 7) gotra karma yaha karma kuMbhAra ke cakra samAna hai, jo miTTI ke piMDa ko ghumAtA hai|24 karmagraMtha25 aura jainatattva prakAza26 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| AtmA kA sAtavA~ guNa agurulaghutva hai| isa guNa ke kAraNa AtmA na u~ca hai, na nIca hai, phira bhI hama dekhate haiM amuka vyakti u~ca kula meM aura kucha vyakti nIca kula meM janma lete haiN| u~ca aura nIca kula kA jo vyavahAra hotA hai vaha gotra karma ke kAraNa hai|27 8) aMtarAya karma ___ yaha karma rAjA ke bhaMDArI (khajAnA) ke samAna hai|28 AtmA kA AThavA~ guNa anaMtavIrya hai| isa guNa ke kAraNa AtmA atulanIya zaktimAna hote hue bhI use atulanIya zakti kA anubhava nahIM hotA, kyoMki aMtarAya karma usa zakti ko dabA detA hai| aMtarAya karma kI isa pratirodhaka prakRti yA zakti ke kAraNa vyakti skhalita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke ATha karma

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174 AtmA ke ATha guNoM ko kramaza: dabAkara AtmA ko vikRta karane ke svabhAva vAle haiN| AtmA ke dvArA gRhIta karma pudgala paramANuoM ke skaMdha (samUha) kA ATha prakRtiyoM meM pRthak-pRthak baMdha jAne kI prakriyA batAte hue kahA gayA hai, jaise AhAra rUpa meM grahaNa kiye hue pudgala paramANu rakta, mAMsa, majjA, asthi Adi vibhinna dhAtuoM ke rUpa meM pariNamita ho jAte haiM, vaise hI mana, vacana, kAyA kI kriyA ke yoga se AkarSita karma vargaNAe~ una-una vargaNAoM ke svabhAvAnusAra, mUla evaM uttara prakRti ke rUpa meM pariNamita ho jAtI haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA nirUpaNa 'vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se gautama gaNadhara ne prazna kiyA, 'bhante! jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA baMdha kisa kAraNa se hotA hai? isake uttara meM bhagavAna ne kahA, 'gautama! jJAnI kI pratyanIkatA yAni jJAnI puruSa ke sAtha zatrutA rakhane se, jJAna ko chipAne se, jJAna meM doSa nikAlane se, jJAna evaM jJAnI kA avinaya karane se aura unake prati vyartha visaMvAda karane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| isI bAta kA vizada rUpa se vivecana karane hetu se yahA~ jJAnAvaraNIya karmabaMdha ke chaha kAraNa prastuta haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karma chaha prakAra se baMdhate haiM-29 1) nANa paDiNiyAe jJAna tathA jJAnI ke avarNavAda bole, jJAna kA apamAna karanA, 30 jainAgama stoka saMgraha meM bhI yahI kahA hai|31 jJAna yA vidyA kI azAtanA yA avajJA karanA tathA jJAna kI mahattA ke prati vidroha karanA jJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdha kA prathama kAraNa hai| vidyA yA jJAna to jIvana kA dIpaka hai| saccA jJAna paraspara saMgharSa athavA vivAda nahIM sikhaataa| vaha vyakti ko vinIta, sarala aura samanvayI banAtA hai| kucha loga vidyAlaya yA jJAna keMdra baMda karAte haiN| aura jJAna keMdra kholane kA virodha karate haiM, aise jJAna drohI jJAnAvaraNIya karma bA~dhate haiN| 2) nANaninhavaNiyAe jJAna dene vAle jJAnI ke nAma ko chipAyeM to jJAnAvaraNIya karma ba~dhatA hai|32 vidyA ke kSetra meM aura adhyAtma jagat meM jJAna dAtA guru kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, jo guru jJAna kI jyoti dekara aMtara ke netra kholate haiM una jJAnadAtA guru ke nAma kA gopana karanA mahApApa hai| isa prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma ba~dhatA hai| 3) nANa aMtarAyaNa jJAna prApta karane meM aMtarAya (bAdhA) DAle to jJAnAvaraNIya karma bA~dhe / 33 kucha vyaktiyoM kI bauddhika saMkIrNatA itanI adhika hotI hai, ki ve dUsaroM kI pragati aura abhivRddha ko

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175 kisI bhI hAlata meM sahana nahIM kara paate| aisI vikRta manodazA prAya: mAnava jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM dRSTi gocara hotI hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai, eka vyakti svayaM para likha nahIM sakatA lekina dUsare paDhate ho to usako acchA nahIM lagatA, isa prakAra jJAna sAdhanA meM bAdhaka banane se yA roDe aTakAne se, jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM ko samApta karane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 4) nANapauseNaM ___jJAna tathA jJAnI para dveSa kare to jJAnAvaraNIya karma bA~dhe / 34 kucha loga svayaM jJAna prApta nahIM krte| dUsare loga jJAna prApta karate haiM to una para dveSa karate haiM aura jo jJAna prApta karate haiM unake prati bhI dveSa-bhAva rakhate haiM, unakI IrSA karate haiM, aisA karane se bhI jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 5) nANaAsayaNAe ___ jJAna tathA jJAnI kI asAtanA (tiraskAra nirAdara) kare to jJAnAvaraNIya karma bA~dhate haiN|35 jo jJAna par3hAte hoM, una jJAnI gurujanoM kA Adara na kare, sanmAna Adi na kare yA jo guru par3hAte hoM unako kahe ki Apa acchA nahIM par3hAte haiM, isa prakAra jJAnI kI asAtanA karane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 6) visaMvAyaNA jogeNa jJAnI ke sAtha jhUThA vAda-vivAda kare, to jJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdhate haiM athavA jJAna kA durupayoga karane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdhate haiN|36 isa saMsAra meM kaI loga jJAna isalie sIkhate haiM ki dUsaroM ko harAnA, nIce girAnA yA dUsaroM ke sAtha vAda-vivAda karake svayaM kI pratiSThA sthApita krnaa| isa prakAra karane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdhate haiN| jJAna kI zakti kA durupayoga karane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdhate haiN| vijJAna bauddhika vikAsa kA vilakSaNa rUpa hai, vijJAna hiMsA se saMbaMdhita eTama bama, hAiDrojana bama Adi zastroM kA utpAdana karatA hai, usase saMsAra meM vinAza phailatA hai, aura vijJAna hI ahiMsA, karuNA aura paropakAra se prANimAtra ke roga, duHkha, saMkaTa Adi vipadAe~ dUra karane hetu sAdhanoM kA AviSkAra karake prANiyoM ko sukha zAnti pahu~cAye to jJAna kA sadupayoga hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA anubhAva phala bhoga jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se AtmA jJAtavya (jAnane yogya) viSaya ko nahIM jaantii| usakA jJAna AvRta ho jAtA hai| jaina karma vijJAna marmajJoM ne batAyA hai- jJAnAAvaraNIya karma jaba udaya meM Ate haiM, taba ve apanA phala AtmA ko dasa prakAra se anubhava karAte haiN|

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176 1) zrotrAvaraNa kAnoM se sunane kI zakti kA maMda ho jaanaa| kama sunAI denA yA bilkula baharA ho jaanaa|37 2) zrotra vijJAvaraNa zrotrendriya dvArA prApta hone vAlA jJAna kA hrAsa honA yA sunA huA jJAna vismRta ho jaanaa| sunane meM dhyAna na laganA yA sunakara bhI samajha na sknaa| 3) netrAvaraNa netrarUpa jJAnendriya zakti kA AvRta ho jaanaa| dekhane meM kama AnA yA aMdhA ho jaanaa| 4) netravijJAvaraNa - netrendriya se hone vAle jJAna kA hrAsa honA yA netra vijJAna se vaMcita ho jaanaa| dRzya dekhakara bhI samajha na sakanA yA anumAna galata lgaanaa| 5) ghrANAvaraNa ghrANendriya se hone vAle jJAna kA AvRta honaa| sUMghane kI zakti meM kamI AnA yA bilkula na sUMgha sknaa| 6) ghrANavijJAvaraNa nAsikA se prApta hone vAlI durgaMdha-sugaMdha kA jJAna nahIM ho paanaa| sUMgha kara bhI samajha na sknaa| 7) rasanAvaraNa rasanA se hone vAle jJAna kA AvRta honaa| svAda lene kI zakti kama honaa| 8) rasanA vijJAvaraNa rasanA dvArA prApta hone vAle svAda ko samajha na paanaa| khaTTA-madhura, kaDuvA-tIkhA Adi kA jJAna na honaa| 9) sparzanAvaraNa sparzendriya se hone vAle jJAna kA AvRta honA arthAt sparza na kara sknaa| 10) sparza vijJAvaraNa sparza kA ehasAsa na kara paanaa| garma-ThaMDA, bhArI-halkA, rUkhA-cikanA Adi sparza kI anubhUti na krnaa|38 zrI bRhad jaina-thoka-saMgraha meM bhI isa bAta kA ullekha hai|39 jJAna

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177 kA amRtasAra meM40 bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| ___ saMkSepa meM, yaha dasa prakAra kA anubhAva-phalabhoga jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA batAyA hai, jo do prakAra ke nimitta pAkara udaya meM AtA hai| eka svata: nimitta aura dUsarA parata: nimitt| svata:nimitta kA abhiprAya hai nirapekSa bhAva se arthAt bAhya nimitta ke binA AtmA jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se jAnanA cAhate hue bhI , jAnane yogya vastuoM kA jJAna nahIM kara pAtI, kyoMki upArjita jJAna vismRta ho jAtA hai, yA usakI jJAna zaktiyA~ kuNThita ho jAtI haiM yA jJAna tirohita (lupta) ho jAtA hai| yaha jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA svata: (nirepekSa) anubhAva hai| isakA abhiprAya hai ki sApekSa rUpa se pudgala aura pudgala pariNAma kI apekSA se phala prApta honaa| jaise koI vyakti kisI ko coTa pahuMcAne ke lie usake mastaka para patthara, DhelA yA lAThI se prahAra karatA hai, to usakI upayoga rUpa jJAna pariNati kA ghAta hotA hai, yA vaha mUrchita ho jAtA hai| yaha pudgala kI apekSA se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA anubhAva yA phala bhoga samajhanA caahie| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI pA~ca uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM 1) matijJAnAvaraNIya, 2) zrutajJAnAvaraNIya, 3) avadhijJAnAvaraNIya, 4) mana: paryAya jJAnAvaraNIya, 5) kevljnyaanaavrnniiy|41 uttarAdhyayanasUtra,42 jaina tattvaprakAza,43 prajJApanAsUtra 4 aura tattvArthasUtra45 meM bhI yahI bAta hai| AtmA kI jJAna zakti anaMta hai, paraMtu saMsArI jIvoM meM kisI ke AtmA kA jJAna atyadhika AvRta hotA hai, to kisI ko kama hotA hai| jaba pUrNa rUpa se jJAna kA AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai, taba kevalajJAna hotA hai| saMsAra ke pratyeka jIva meM jJAna kI nyUnAdhikatA rahatI hai| manuSyoM meM bhI kisI ko jJAna kA AvaraNa kama, to kisI ko adhika hotA hai| isa tAratamyatA ke kAraNa jJAna ke nizcita bheda nahIM kiye jA sakate, paraMtu AgamoM meM una sabakA sAmAnyarUpa se vargIkaraNa karake jJAna ke mukhya pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiN| 1) matijJAna, 2) zrutajJAna, 3) avadhijJAna, 4) mana:paryAyajJAna aura 5) kevljnyaan|46 . sthAnAMgasUtra aura tattvArthasUtra48 meM jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM kA varNana AtA hai|

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178 matijJAnAvaraNIya karma ____ mana aura indriyoM dvArA vastu kA nizcita bodha honA yA vastu kA manana karanA matijJAna hai arthAt jo buddhiko jar3a evaM kuNThita kare, use matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| isakA dUsarA nAma abhinibodhika bhI hai|49 . jisa AtmA kA matijJAnAvaraNIya karma jitanA tIvra, maMda yA madhyama koTi kA hogA usakA prabhAva bhI tIvra, madhyama yA maMda hogaa| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki manuSyoM kI bauddhika bhUmikA matijJAnAvaraNIya karma para AdhArita hai| matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya sadAkAla eka samAna nahIM hotaa| bacapana meM mUrkha bAlaka yauvana meM buddhimAna dekhA jAtA hai| matijJAnAvaraNIya karma jaba maMda ho jAtA hai, taba buddhi ke camatkAra dekhane ko milate haiN| jaba matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya maMdatama hotA hai, taba bIjabuddhi padAnusAriNIbuddhi aura koSThabuddhi kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| bIja kI bhA~ti vividha artha ke bodha rUpI mahAvRkSa ko paidA karane vAlI 'bIjabuddhi' hotI hai| gaNadharoM meM bIjabuddhi hone se ve kevala tripadI (utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya) sunakara usake AdhAra para samagra dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karate haiN| 50 _ 'padAnusAriNI' buddhivAle mahApuruSa guruke mukha se eka sUtra (pada) sunate haiM zeSa aneka pada unakI buddhi se svayaM pragaTa ho jAte haiN| koThAra (godAma) meM rakhe hue anAja kI bhA~ti 'koSThabuddhi' vAle mahApuruSa sUtrArtha jJAna par3hakara use dIrghakAla taka surakSita rakha sakate haiN| bahuta kama manuSyoM kA aisA kSayopazama hotA hai, jinheM aisI buddhi prApta ho| jaba matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA ati pragAr3ha rUpa se udaya hotA hai, taba ekAgratA nirNaya zakti, jAnane kI kSamatA aura smaraNa zakti tIvra nahIM rhtii| matijJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdha ke kAraNa aura nivAraNa ___mana aura pA~ca indriyoM dvArA padArthoM ke prati rAga, dveSa, moha, Asakti Adi karane se, indriyoM kA durupayoga karane se evaM azubha viSayoM meM mana ko pravRtta karane se matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| phakta vaha ajJAna ke ghora aMdhakAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| . bhautika kSetra ho yA AdhyAtmika saMsAra kA kArya ho yA AdhyAtmika 'buddhi' sarvatra caahie| buddhi se manuSya kArya meM saphalatA pAtA hai aura yaza pAtA hai| abhayakumAra, vIrabala yA cANakya ke nAma Aja svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita haiM, usakA kAraNa unakI 'buddhi' hai| __ matijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke nivAraNa kA upAya jisa pravRtti se matijJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdha ho aise kArya se nivRtta honaa|

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179 zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma zabda ko sunakara jo artha kA jJAna hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiM athavA mana kI sahAyatA se zAstroM ko par3hane aura sunane se jo bodha hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiN|51 aisI zrutajJAna rUpa Atmazakti ko jo karmazakti AcchAdita kara detI hai, use zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| jaba zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma ati pragAr3ha hotA hai, taba AtmA ko na akSara jJAna hotA hai aura na lipijJAna hotA hai| ___ matijJAna va zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM yadyapi pA~ca indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA apekSita hai,52 tathApi donoM meM aMtara hai| kisI bhI viSaya kA zrutajJAna prApta karane ke lie pahale usakA matijJAna honA Avazyaka hai| zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai|53 matijJAna mUka hai, usameM zabdollekha nahIM hotaa| zrutajJAna meM zabdollekha hotA hai| matijJAna vidyamAna vastu meM pravRtta hotA hai, jabaki zrutajJAna atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna ina traikAlika viSayoM meM pravRtta hotA hai| zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya ho to bhaviSyakAla kA ciMtana karane vAlI dIrgha-dRSTi prApta nahIM hotI, na upadeza ko samajhane detI aura na zAstra ko par3hane detii| ___ tIna varSa kI choTI umra meM vajrasvAmI ne sAdhvI jI ke zrImukha se sunate-sunate gyAraha aMga zAstra kaNThastha kara liye the| yaha hai zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kA adbhUta kssyopshm| zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karmabaMdha ke kAraNa aura nivAraNa - zrutajJAniyoM kI niMdA karane se aura unake sAtha abhadra vyavahAra karane se yaha karma baMdhatA hai| jJAna ke upakaraNa pena, pustaka, dharmagraMtha, akhabAra Adi phADane se, paTakane se, krodha yA lobhavaza jalAne se bhI isa karma kA baMdha hotA hai| pratidina nayA jJAna arjita karane kA puruSArtha na karane se adhyayana-adhyApana meM vikSepa DAlane se, kaNThastha jJAna kA punarAvartana na karane se, zrutajJAna dene kI zakti hote hue bhI pramAdavaza dUsaroM ko na par3hAne se, jJAna kA azuddha uccAraNa karane se aura par3hane ke lie dUsaroM ko prerita yA protsAhita na karane se zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| pUrvajanma meM bA~dhe hue zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma isa janma meM kaise kSaya ho sakate haiM, yaha bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai| 1) 'maineM zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma bA~dhA huA hai isalie mujhe isakA kSaya karanA hai|' aisA saMkalpa pratidina karanA caahie| saMkalpa ke mAdhyama se siddhi avazya prApta hotI hai| 2) zruta ko vinaya aura bahumAna se par3hanA caahie| pratidina par3hane para yAda na ho to bhI nirAza hue binA satata par3hane para yAda na ho to bhI nirAza hue binA satata par3hanA caahie|

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180 3) AcArya zrI haribhadrasUrijI ne apane jIvanakAla meM 1444 graMthoM kI racanA kI thii| usa samaya lalliga zrAvaka ne zruta sAhitya racanA meM pUrNarUpa se sahayoga diyA thaa| avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ___ mana aura indriyoM kI apekSA na rakhate hue kevala AtmA ke dvArA rUpI arthAt mUrta padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha avadhijJAna hai| avadhi kA artha hai sImA yA mryaadaa| vaha rUpI padArtha ko hI pratyakSa karatA hai, arUpI ko nahIM54 vaha amuka dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdA meM hI rUpI padArthoM ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai| avadhijJAna hajAroM mAila dUra rahe hue sajIva, nirjIva padArthoM ko yA ghaTanAoM ko usI taraha jAna dekha letA hai| jisa prakAra khulI A~khoM vAlA jAnatA dekhatA hai| avadhijJAna para karmoM kA AvaraNa Ane se use avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke udaya (prabhAva) se AtmA kI atIndriya jJAnakSamatA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma baMdha ke kAraNa batAte hue karmagraMtha meM kahA hai- AtmA kI atIndriya jJAnazakti kA apalApa karane se usake prati azraddhA rakhane se, AtmA kI jJAnazakti kA nirarthaka evaM anarthakArI kAryoM meM vyaya karane se, Atma jJAnI puruSoM kI avinaya azAtanA karane se tathA AtmajJAna kI prApti meM roDA DAlane se yaha karma baMdhatA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama hetu ke do upAya batAye haiN| 1) avedI bananA arthAt mana, vacana, kAyA se vAsanA rahita bnnaa| 2) alpakaSAyI bananA arthAt kaSAyoM kI tIvratA nahIM rkhnaa| mana:paryAyajJAna - indriyoM aura mana kI apekSA na rakhate hue, maryAdA lie hue, saMjJI jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnanA mana:paryAyajJAna kahalAtA hai| saMjJI jIva kisI bhI vastu kA ciMtana, manana mana se hI karate haiN| mana ke cintanIya pariNAmoM ko jisa jJAna se pratyakSa jAnA jAtA hai, use mana:paryAyajJAna kahate haiN|55 jaba mana kisI vastu kA ciMtana karatA hai, taba ciMtanIya vastu ke bhedAnusAra ciMtanakArya meM pravRtta mana bhI taraha-taraha kI AkRtiyA~ dhAraNa karatA hai, ve hI AkRtiyA~ mana kI paryAya haiN| mana:paryAyajJAnI kisI bAhya vastu ko, kSetra ko, kAla ko tathA dravyagata paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnatA, kintu jaba ve kisI ke ciMtana meM A jAte haiM, taba manogata bhAvoM ko jAnate haiN|56 * mana:paryAyajJAna jJAna ko AcchAdita karanevAlA karma mana:paryAya-jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahalAtA hai| apramAdI vizuddha saMyamI AtmA hI isa karma kA kSaya kara sakatI hai| yaha jJAna

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181 sAtaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai, paraMtu bAda meM chaThe guNasthAna meM bhI rahatA hai| isa sRSTi meM jitane bhI manuSya hai una sabhI ke manogata bhAvoM ko mana:paryAya-jJAnI jAnatA hai| jabataka indriyA~ svacchaMdI haiM aura kaSAyoM kI prabalatA hai, taba taka dUsaroM ke manogata bhAvoM ko yA vicAroM ko nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| manaHparyAyajJAna kI vizeSatA avadhijJAna kA viSaya bhI rUpI hai aura mana:paryAyajJAna kA viSaya bhI rUpI hai, kyoMki mana bhI paudgalika hone se rUpI hai, phira avadhijJAnI mana tathA mana kI paryAyoM ko kyoM nahIM jAna sakatA? to isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki, avadhijJAnI mana ko tathA usakI paryAyoM ko bhI pratyakSa jAna sakatA hai kintu usameM jhalakate hue dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko pratyakSa nahIM jAna sakatA hai| * jaise ki sainika dUrarahe apane sAthiyoM ko dina meM jhaNDiyoM kI vizeSa prakriyA dvArA aura rAtri meM prakAza kI prakriyA dvArA apane bhAvoM ko samajhAte haiM, aura unake bhAva samajhate haiM, kintu aprazikSita vyakti jhaNDiyA~, prakAza Adi ko dekha sakatA hai aura unakI prakriyAoM ko bhI dekha sakatA hai, kintu unake dvArA vyakta manobhAvoM ko nahIM samajha sakatA hai| avadhijJAnI mana tathA mana kI paryAyoM ko pratyakSa to jAna sakatA hai, kintu manogata dravya, * kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko pratyakSa nahIM jAna sakatA hai, jabaki mana:paryAyajJAnI jAna sakate haiN| yaha unakA vizeSa viSaya hai| yadi yaha vizeSatA na hotI to mana:paryAyajJAna ko alaga se mAnanA hI vyartha hai|57 kevalajJAna . jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI pAMca uttara prakRtiyoM meM kevalajJAnAvaraNIya aMtima uttara prakRti hai| jo zakti kevalajJAna kI jyoti ko AvRtta karatI hai, use kevala jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| kevalajJAna vaha hai, jo mana aura indriya kI sahAyatA ke binA trikAlavartI samasta mUrta-amUrta jJeya padArthoM ko eka sAtha hastakAmalavat (hathelI para rahe hue A~vale kI bhA~ti) pratyakSa jAnane kI zakti rakhatA hai| yaha jJAna anya sabhI se vilakSaNa, pradhAna, uttama aura pratipUrNa hai| yaha samasta dravyoM kI samasta paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| mohanIya karma ke kSaya hone para tathA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura aMtarAya karmoM ke ni:zeSa ho jAne para kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai| . isa prakAra pratidina utsAhapUrvaka nayA tattvajJAna prApta karane se, jJAna ke sAdhanoM kA bahumAna karane se aura ni:svArtha bhAva se jJAna kI vizeSa ArAdhanA karane se jJAnAvaraNa karma kA saMpUrNa kSaya hotA hai| yahI jJAnAvaraNIya karma ko samajhane kI prakriyA hai|

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182 matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryAyajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye pA~coM jJAna do pramANoM meM vibhakta haiN| unameM pahale do jJAna matijJAna aura zrutajJAna, parokSa pramANa kahalAte haiM58 kyoMki ina donoM jJAna ke hone meM indriyoM aura mana ke sahayoga kI apekSA hotI hai aura avadhijJAna, mana:paryAyajJAna tathA kevalajJAna ye tInoM jJAna pratyakSa pramANa haiN| ye tInoM jJAna mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA hI sirpha AtmA kI yogyatA ke bala se utpanna hote haiN|59 tattvArthasUtra meM60 yahI kahA hai| yadyapi avadhijJAna aura mana:paryAyajJAna AtmA kI zakti ke dvArA mUrta padArthoM kA jJAna karate haiM, kintu cetanAzakti ke apUrNa vikAsa ke kAraNa unakI samagra paryAyoM aura bhAvoM ko jAnane meM asamartha hai, isalie ina donoM jJAna ko 'vikala pratyakSa' kahate haiN| jaba ki kevalajJAnI saMpUrNa padArthoM ko unakI trikAlavartI paryAyoM sahita yugapat jAnate haiN| ata: kevalajJAna ko 'sakala pratyakSa' kahate haiN| kevalajJAna meM apUrNatAjanya koI bheda prabheda nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki koI bhI padArtha aura tajjanya paryAya aise nahIM hai jo kevalajJAna ke dvArA na jAne jaay| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva sarvatra pratyakSa rUpa se dRSTi gocara hotA hai| pUrvAcAryoM ne jJAnAvaraNIya karmabaMdha kA duSprabhAva batAte hue kahA hai 'jo mUr3ha mati mana, vacana, kAyA se jJAna evaM jJAnI kI azAtanA karate haiM, ve durbuddhi, mUrkha, rogI tathA gUMge hote haiM tathA jJAna kI virAdhanA karane se unameM Adhi-vyAdhi utpanna hotI hai| kucha vidyArthI bAra-bAra par3hate haiM tathA samajhane kA kaThora parizrama karate haiM phira bhI samajha nahIM pAte haiN| bAra-bAra rahane para bhI unheM yAda nahIM rhtaa| par3hane baiThe to unheM nIMda AtI hai athavA mana bhaTakatA hai| kucha logoM ko jJAna ke prati ruci nahIM hotii| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke prabhAva ko digdarzita karane vAle jaina jagat meM mASa tuSa muni kA udAharaNa prasiddha hai| jinake jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA pragAr3ha udaya hone ke kAraNa guru ke dvArA diye gaye kevala do zabda 'mA ruSa mA tuSa' unhoMne 'mAsa tusa' azuddha zabda rUpa meM bAraha varSa taka rhaa| muni kI vizeSatA yaha thI ki udvega aura kSobha rahita hokara zraddhA evaM tanmayatA ke sAtha rahate rahe the| isase jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva dhIre-dhIre samApta hone lagA aura bAraha varSa pazcAt unheM mAsa tusa zabda ke arthAnusAra (mAS) arthAt uDada aura tuSa arthAt chilakA, uDada ke chilake ke pRthaktva kI taraha zarIra va AtmA kA bhinnatva siddha ho gyaa| phalata: unheM (muniko) kevalajJAna pragaTa ho gyaa| yaha thA jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya kA duSprabhAva aura usase sarvathA mukta hone ke puruSArtha kA prabala evaM saphala prabhAva / 61

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183 jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI sthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrta kI, utkRSTa tIsa koDAkoDI sAgaropama kI, abAdhA kAla tIna hajAra varSa kaa|62 darzanAvaraNIya karma kA nirUpaNa * yaha saMsAra AtmA aura karma ke saMyoga kA phala hai| na akelI AtmA saMsArI ho sakatI hai aura na akelA karma kucha kara sakatA hai| karma ke sAtha milane se hI AtmA kI saMsArI avasthA hotI hai| karma kA mukhya kArya AtmA ko saMsArI banAnA hai| saMsAra kI vibhinna avasthAoM meM AtmA ko paribhramaNa karAne kA kArya karma kaise karatA hai, ise samajhAne hetu karmoM kA ATha bhAgoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke pazcAt darzanAvaraNIya karma batAyA gayA hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA ke darzana guNa arthAt sAmAnya bodha ko AvRta karatA hai|63 ata: sAmAnya bodha ko AvRtta karane vAle karma pudgala ko darzanAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN|64 bodha ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa do rUpa hote haiN| vizeSa bodha ko zAstrIya bhASA meM 'jJAna' aura sAmAnya bodha ko 'darzana' kahA hai, arthAt sAmAnya rUpa se dekhanA darzana hai| gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa)65 aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| __sAmAnya bodha kA artha hai, padArthoM kI sabhI avasthAoM kA bodha na hokara kisI eka avasthA kA bodha honaa| eka udAharaNa ke dvArA samajha sakate haiM, jaise sAmane ghar3I paDI hai to sarvaprathama yaha bodha hogA ki yaha ghar3I hai| usa samaya usake AkAra, prakAra, raMga, nirmANa, sthAna Adi bAtoM kI jAnakArI nahIM hotI, kevala itanA hI jAnanA ki yaha ghar3I hai, isa sAmAnya bodha ko darzana kahate haiM aura jaba yaha bodha vizAla rUpa dhAraNa kara le to yaha bodha darzana na hokara jJAna khlaaegaa| darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA kI darzanazakti para AvaraNa DAlakara use prakaTa hone se rokatA hai yA sAmAnya bodha para pardA banakara chA jAtA hai aura padArthoM kI sAdhAraNa jAnakArI bhI nahIM hone detA hai| . darzanAvaraNIya karma ko dvArapAla kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra rAjA ke darzana ke lie utsuka vyakti ko dvArapAla roka detA hai| usI prakAra darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA kI darzana zakti para pardA DAlakara vastu ke sAmAnya dharma kA darzana (bodha) hone se roka detA hai aura darzana zakti ko pragaTa nahIM hone detaa|67 / / ___darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA kI darzanazakti ko kaise AcchAdita karatA hai? usake kauna-kauna se kAraNa hai? isa karma ke phala bhoga (anubhAva) kaise hote haiM? Adi bAtoM kA vizleSaNa jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke samAna hI jAnanA kyoMki donoM hI karma jJAna ko AvRtta karate hai| jJAna aura darzana donoM AtmA ke guNa haiN| eka vizeSa bodha karAtA hai aura eka

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184 sAmAnya bodha karAtA hai| donoM kI sabhI bAteM prAya: samAna hai| aMtara itanA hai ki darzanAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM ke bhedoM meM avazya aMtara hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma chaH prakAra se bAMdhe 1) daMsaNa paDiNiyAe -samyaktvI kA avarNavAda bole to darzanAvaraNIya karma baaNdhe| 2) daMsaNa niNhavaNiyAe- bodha bIja samyaktva dAtA ke nAma ko chipAve to darzanAvaraNIya karma baaNdhe| 3) daMsaNa aMtarAyeNaM - yadi koI samakita grahaNa karatA ho use aMtarAya de deM to darzanAvaraNIya karma baaNdhe| 4) daMsaNa pAusiyAe - samakita tathA samyaktvI para dveSa kare to darzanAvaraNIya karma baaNdhe| 5) daMsaNa AsAyaNAe - samakita tathA samyaktvI kI asAtanA kare to darzanAvaraNIya karma baaNdhe| 6) daMsaNA visaMvAyaNA jogeNaM - samyaktvI ke sAtha khoTA va jhUThA vivAda kare to . darzanAvaraNIya karma baaNdhe|68 darzanAvaraNIya karma nava prakAra se bhoga 1) nidrA, 2) nidrA-nidrA, 3) pracalA, 4) pracalApracalA, 5) thINaddhi (styAnarddhi), 6) cakSudarzanAvaraNIya, 7) acakSudarzanAvaraNIya, 8) avadhidarzanAvaraNIya, 9) kevaladarzanAvaraNIya,69 uttarAdhyayanasUtra,70 tattvArthasUtra71 meM aura jainatattvaprakAza72 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| darzana ke AvaraNa rUpa nidrA ke pA~ca kAraNa 1) nidrA jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ko aisI nidrA Aye ki sukhapUrvaka jAga sake arthAt jagAne meM mehanata nahIM par3atI hai, aisI nidrA ko 'nidrA' kahate haiN| yaha nidrA pragAr3ha nahIM hai, isa nidrA vAle manuSya ko sukhapUrvaka alpa prayatna se uThAyA jA sakatA hai| 2) nidrA-nidrA __ jisa karma ke udaya se aisI nIMda Aye ki soyA huA manuSya baDI muzkila se jaage| use jagAne ke lie hAtha pakaDakara hilAnA paDe, jora se cillAnA paDe yA daravAjA khaTakhaTAnA paDe, aisI nIMda ko 'nidrA-nidrA' kahate haiN| aisI nidrA jisa karma ke prabhAva se AtI hai, use nidrA-nidrA darzanAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN|

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185 3) pracalA nidrA khaDe-khaDe yA baiThe-baiThe hI nIMda A jAne ko 'pracalA' kahate haiN| jaba kisI manuSya ko isa prakAra kI nIMda AtI hai, taba ve pravacana zravaNa karate hue, kisI kI bAta sunate hue yA TI.vI. dekhate hue baiThe-baiThe so jAte haiN| pazu bhI khaDe-khaDe nidrA lete haiN| isa karma ke udaya se khaDe-khaDe yA baiThe-baiThe nidrA AtI hai, use pracalA darzanAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN|73 .4) pracalA-pracalA jisa karma ke udaya se calate-phirate nIMda A jaaye| pazu calate-phirate so jAte haiN| jisa karma ke prabhAva se jIva ko calate hue nidrA AtI hai use pracalA-pracalA darzanAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| 5) styAnarddhi yA styAnagRddhi nidrA jisa karma ke udaya se jAgRta avasthA meM soce hue kArya ko nidrAvasthA meM karane kA sAmarthya prakaTa ho jAye, use styAnarddhi kahate haiN| isa nidrA ke udaya se jIva nIMda meM aise asaMbhava kAryoM ko bhI kara letA hai, jinakA jAgRta sthiti meM honA saMbhava nahIM hai aura isa nidrA ke dUra hone para apane dvArA nidrita avasthA meM kiye gaye kArya kA smaraNa bhI nahIM rahatA styAnarddhi kA dUsarA nAma styAnagRddhi bhI hai| jisa nidrA ke udaya se nidrita avasthA meM vizeSa bala prakaTa ho jaaye| isa nidrA vAlA jIva marane para naraka meM jAtA hai / 74 uttarAdhyayanasUtra,75 jainatattvaprakAza6 aura tattvArthasUtra77 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| __'sarvArthasiddhikAra' ne isa nidrA kI tIna paribhASAe~ pratipAdita kI haiM- 1) jisa nidrA ke udaya se nidrita avasthA meM vizeSa bala prakaTa ho jaaye| 2) jisake udaya se AtmA supta avasthA meM raudra karma karatA hai| 3) jisa nidrA meM dina meM cintita artha aura AkAMkSA kA ekIkaraNa ho jAye, use styAnagRddhi nidrA kahate haiN| tIvra lobha aura ugra krodha isa nidrA meM nimitta banate haiM, isalie sone se pUrva manuSya ko apane krodha ko upazAnta karake sonA caahie| manovikAroM ko upazAMta karane ke lie aura sadvicAroM meM sone ke lie jJAniyoM ne sAgArI saMthArA grahaNa karanA caahie| pA~ca prakAra kI nidrA kA hetu mukhya rUpa se pramAda ko batAyA hai| pramAda ke kAraNa darzanAvaraNIya karma baMdhatA hai| ati alpa pramAda se nidrA, alpa pramAda se nidrA-nidrA, jyAdA pramAda se pracalA, ati pramAda se pracalA-pracalA, tIvra pramAda se styAnarddhi nidrA se

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186 darzanAvaraNIya karma ba~dhatA hai| isa nidrA kA udaya hiMsA ke tIvra pariNAma ke kAraNa hotA hai / ataH hiMsA kA tIvra pariNAma AtmA ko adhogati meM le jAtA hai| cakSudarzanAvaraNa cakSu ke dvArA jo vastu ke sAmAnya dharma kA grahaNa hotA hai, use 'cakSudarzana' kahate haiM aura cakSu ke dvArA hone vAle usa sAmAnya dharma ke grahaNa ko rokane vAle karma ko 'cakSudarzanAvaraNIya' kahate haiM / akSudarzanAvaraNa cakSurindriya ko choDakara zeSa sparzana Adi cAroM indriyA~ aura mana ke dvArA hone vAle apane-apane viSaya bhUta sAmAnya dharma ke pratibhAsa ko acakSudarzana kahate haiN| usake AvaraNa karane vAle karma ko acakSudarzanAvaraNa kahate haiM / avadhidarzanAvaraNa indriyA~ aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI AtmA ko rUpI dravya ke sAmAnya dharma kA bodha hone ko 'avadhidarzana' kahate haiM / usako AvRta karane vAle karma ko avadhidarzanAvaraNaM kahate haiN| kevaladarzanAvaraNa saMpUrNa dravyoM ke sAmAnya dharmoM ke avabodha ko kevaladarzana evaM usake AvaraNa karane vAle ko kevaladarzanAvaraNa kahate haiM / 78 nidrA manuSya ke jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| kama nidrA vAlA apramAdI manuSya zreSTha puruSArtha kara sakatA hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavaMtoM ne nidrA darzanAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama karane hetu zreSTha upAya abhikathita kiyA hai, apramatta hokara paramAtmA kI bhakti karanA aura zrutajJAna kI ArAdhanA meM satata saMlagna rhnaa| jIvana meM apramatta bananA ho to sadaiva jAgRta rahanA hogA / dharmapuruSArtha meM jAgRti aura tIvratA Ane para darzanAvaraNIya karma kA kSaya hotA hai / darzanAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva darzanAvaraNIya karma udaya meM Ane para mana aura indriyoM se hone vAle ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM sAmAnya bodha kuNThita ho jAtA hai| isa karma ke prabhAva se ekendriya, dvIndriya aura trIndriya jIvoM ko janma se hI A~kheM prApta nahIM hotii| isa karma ke udaya Ane para caturindriya aura paMcendriya jIvoM kI A~kheM naSTa ho jAtI haiM, yA unheM atyaMta kama dikhAI detA hai, motIbiMdu AtA hai yA netra roga ho jAte haiN|

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187 . isa karma ke prabhAva se prANiyoM ke kAna, nAka, jabAna aura sparza ye indriyA~ naSTa ho jAtI haiM yA unakI indriyoM se unheM sAmAnya bodha bhI spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA athavA mUka-badhira (baharA) apaMga ho jAte haiN| unheM janma se hI mana nahIM milatA yA mana milatA hai to manana zakti, vicAra zakti aura smaraNa zakti Adi atIva maMda ho jAtI hai| isake atirikta darzanAvaraNIya karma udaya meM Ane para jIva ko nidrA, nidrA-nidrA, pracalA, pracalA-pracalA aura thINaddhI (styAnagRddhi) ina pA~ca prakAra kI nidrAoM meM se svakarmAnusAra nidrA AtI hai| jisake kAraNa vastu kA sAmAnya bodha bhI nahIM hotaa| darzanAvaraNIya karma kI sthiti darzanAvaraNIya karma kI sthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrta kI, utkRSTa tIsa koDAkoDI sAgaropama kI, abAdhAkAla tIna hajAra varSa kI, prajJApanA sUtra80 tattvArthasUtra-1 aura karmagraMtha meM82 bhI isakA varNana AtA hai| vedanIya karma kA nirUpaNa jo karma AtmA ko sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAtA hai, vaha 'vedanIya karma' kahalAtA hai| sAMsArika prANiyoM kA jIvana na ekAMta sukhamaya hai aura na ekAMta duHkhamaya vedana rUpa hai| vedanIya karma sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kA vedana karAtA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se vedanIya' kA zabdaza: artha hai jisake dvArA vedana yAnI anubhava ho vaha vedanIya karma hai| AtmA ke sukha-duHkha ke utpAdaka karma ko vedanIya karma kahA hai| vedanIya karma ke prabhAva se jo sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai83 vaha sAMsArika, bhautika, kSaNika aura paudgalika hotA hai|84 AtmA ke akSaya anaMta aura avyAbAdha Atmika sukha se unakA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| yaha vaiSayika sukha, sukhAbhAsa hai aura mana kA mAnA huA sukha hai, jisameM duHkha mizrita hai| isalie yaha sukha-duHkha kA lakSaNa prANiyoM ke mana se vizeSa saMbaMdhita hai| kahA bhI hai 'anukUlavedanIyaM sukham, pratikUlavedanIyaM duHkham' arthAt anukUla vastu kI prApti se jo anukUla vedanA kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sukha hai aura jisameM pratikUla vedana kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, vaha duHkha hai|85 vedanIya karma kI tulanA zahada se lipaTI huI talavAra se kI gaI hai jaise talavAra kI dhAra para lage hue zahada ko cATane se sukha kA anubhava hotA hai| usI prakAra sAtA vedanIya karma ke udaya se sukha kA anubhava hotA hai; sAtha hI madhulipta talavAra ko cATate hue jihvA ke kaTa jAne para duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai| usI prakAra asAtA vedanIya karma ke udaya se duHkha kA

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188 anubhava bhI hotA hai| yadyapi prANiyoM kI anubhavadhArA asaMkhya hai / tathApi karma marmajJoM ne vedanIya karma ko sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ina do uttara prakRtiyoM meM samAviSTa kara diyA hai| vedanIya karma kA vistAra vedanIya karma ke do bheda - 1) sAtAvedanIya, 2) asAtAvedanIya karma86 uttarAdhyayanasUtra87 aura tattvArthasUtra meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai / vedanIya karma kI solaha prakRtiyA~ - ATha sAtAvedanIya kI aura ATha asAtAvedanIya kI isa prakAra haiN| jaba sAtAvedanIya karma phalonmukha hotA hai, taba ATha prakAra se AtmA ko phalabhoga prApta karAtA hai| 1) manojJazabda - karNapriya madhura svara, apane-parAye logoM se sunane ko milate haiM / 2) manojJarUpa - svapara kA manojJa aura suMdara rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai| 3) manojJagaMdha - manojJa sugaMdha kisI bhI nimitta se prApta hotI hai| 4) manojJarasa- atyaMta sarasa, svAdiSTa madhura evaM tAjA bhojanAdi prApta hotA hai| 5) manojJasparza mana pasaMda narama, komala, sukhada, saMvedanA utpanna karane vAle sparza prApta - hote haiN| 6) mana saukhya (iSTa sukha kI upalabdhi) - manojJa mAnasika anubhUtiyA~, prasannatA evaM citta kI anukUlatA milatI hai| 7) vacana saukhya (sukhamaya vacana kI prApti) - priya madhura evaM AdarAspada prazaMsanIya vacana cAroM ora se sunane ko milate haiN| 8) kAyA (saukhya) (zArIrika sukha prApti) - zarIra kI nirogitA, sukha-suvidhA, svasthatA evaM sukhada zArIrika saMvedanAe~ prApta hotI hai / 89 sthAnAMgasUtra 1 jainatattvaprakAza, 91 jainAgama stoka saMgraha, 92 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| saMkSepa meM jisa karma ke prabhAva se AtmA ko mana pasaMda viSayoM kI prApti aura anukUlatA prApta hotI hai| use sAtAvedanIya karma kahate haiM / asAtAvedanIya karma kA phalAnubhAva asAtAvedanIya karma ke prakopa se jIvana meM jo bhI ghaTanA ghaTatI hai, vaha duHkha, zoka, tanAva aura kleza kA kAraNa banatI hai / asAtAvedanIya karma jaba udaya meM Akara phalonmukha hotA hai, taba ATha prakAra se AtmA ko phalabhoga karAtA hai|

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189 1) amanojJazabda - apriya yA karNakaTu karkaza svara, apane yA parAye logoM se sunane ko milate haiN| 2) amanojJarUpa - svapara kA amanojJa aura suMdaratArahita rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai| .3) amanojagaMdha - kisI bhI nimitta se amanojJa gaMdha kI prApta hotI hai| 4) amanojJarasa- besvAda, rukhA, sUkhA yA atyaMta khaTThA, khArA, nIrasa yA bAsI bhojanAdi prApta hotA hai| 5) amanojJasparza (apriya sparza prApti) - amanojJa kaThora, karkaza aura du:khada saMvedanA utpanna karane vAle sparza prApta hotI hai| 6) mana duHkha (durbhAvayukta mana kI prApti hotI hai|)- amanojJa mAnasika anubhUtiyA~, cintA, ___ tanAva, udvignatA Adi kI prApti hotI hai| 7) vacana duHkha (apriya vacana kI prApti) - nindA, apazabda yA apamAnajanaka zabdoM ke rUpa meM apriya vacana cAroM ora se sunane ko milate haiN| .8) kAyA duHkha (amanojJa zarIra prApti) - zarIra meM vividha roga, pIDA, asvasthatA, aMga bhaMga yA aMga vikalatA Adi duHkhada zArIrika saMvedanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| . saMkSepa meM yadi kahe to jisa karma ke udaya se AtmA ko pratikUla viSayoM kI prApti tathA pratikUla iMdriya viSayoM kI prApti Adi ke kAraNa jIva ko duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai yaha saba asAtA vedanIya karma hai|93 prajJApanA sUtra 4 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| sAtAvedanIya karma daza prakAra se bAMdhe 1) pANANukaMpiyAe - prANI kI anukaMpA karane se sAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 2) bhUyANukaMpiyAe - bhUta kI anukaMpA karane se sAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 3) jIvANukaMpiyAe - jIva anukaMpA karane se sAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 4) sattANukaMpiyAe - sattva anukaMpA karane se sAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 5) bahUNaM pANANaM bhUyANaM jIvANaM sattANaM adukkhaNIyAe - bahu prANI, bhUta, jIva, satva ko duHkha denA nhii| 6) asoyaNiyAe - zoka karanA nhiiN| 7) ajhuraNiyAe - jhUranA nhiiN| 8) aTIppaNiyAe - azrupAta karanA nhiiN|

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190 9) apITTaNiyAe - pITanA nhiiN| 10) aparitAvaNiyAe - paritApanA (pazcAtApa) karanA nhiiN|95 asAtAvedanIya bAraha prakAra se bAMdhe 1) paradukkhaNiyAe - dUsaroM ko duHkha dene se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 2) parasoyaNiyAe - dUsaroM ko zoka karAne se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 3) parajhuraNiyAe - dUsaroM ko jhurAne se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 4) paraTIppaNiyAe - dUsaroM ke A~sU giravAne se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 5) parapITTaNiyAe - dUsaroM ko pITane se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 6) paraparitAvaNiyAe - dUsaroM ko paritApa dene se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 7) bahUNaM pANANaM bhUyANaM jIvANaM sattANaM dukkhaNiyAe - bahu prANI, bhUta, jIva, sattvoM ko duHkha dene se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 8) soyaNiyAe - zoka karane se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 9) jhuraNiyAe - jhurane se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 10) TIppaNiyAe - A~sU girAne se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 11) pITTaNiyAe - pITane se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 12) paritAvaNiyAe - paritApanA dene se asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai|96 vedanIya karma kI sthiti a) sAtAvedanIya karma kI sthiti jaghanya do samaya kI97 utkRSTa 15 koDAkoDI sAgaropama98 kI, abAdhAkAla kare to jaghanya antarmuhUrta kI utkRSTa DeDha hajAra varSa kI hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM yahI bAta hai|99 ba) asAtAvedanIya karma kI sthiti . jaghanya eka sAgara ke sAta hissoM meM se tIna hisse aura eka palya ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga guNI utkRSTa tIsa koDAkoDI sAgaropama kii| abAdhAkAla kI sthiti tIna hajAra varSa kii|' sAtA asAtA vedanIya karma kA prabhAva sAtAvedanIya karma ke prabhAva se jIva ko zarIra aura mana se saMbaMdhita sukhAnubhAva hotA hai, jaba ki asAtAvedanIya karma ke prabhAva se AtmA ko narakAdi gatiyoM meM duHkha kA anubhava

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191 hotA hai / sAtAvedanIya karma kA prabhAva adhikAMza rUpa se devagati, manuSyagati meM hotA hai / jabaki asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se prApta duHkha kA anubhava vizeSataH narakagati aura tiryaMcagati meM hotA hai| sukha aura duHkha ke saMbaMdha meM yahA~ eka bAta avazya samajhane yogya hai, sukha kA abhiprAya gati, sthAna, saMyoga aura paristhiti ke anusAra bhinna dekhA jAtA hai| eka prANI eka" vastu meM sukha kA anubhava karatA hai, to dUsarA prANI usI kI prApti meM duHkhAnubhAva evaM mahasUsa karatA hai| jaise eka rAjA ko rAjavaibhava meM sukhAnubhAva hotA hai, paraMtu eka tyAgI mahAtmA ko rAjasI ThATha-bATa meM koI ruci nahIM hotI, balki jabarana dene para unheM usameM duHkhAnubhAva hotA hai / sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya prANI kI anubhUti ke AdhAra para samajhanA caahie| saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ke sabhI prakAra ke duHkha dUra hoM aisA maitrI bhAva rakhane se Arogya to milatA hI hai, sAtha-sAtha zArIrika, mAnasika sukha dene vAlA parivAra bhI milatA hai| jo rugNa hai, glAna hai, dardI hai, cAhe gRhastha ho yA saMta, manuSya ho yA pazu, bAlaka ho yA vRddha sabakI sevA karane se utkRSTa sAtAvedanIya karma baMdhatA hai| isa prakAra jIvana kI vATikA meM sukha ke bIja bone para jIvana sukha zAnti ke sugaMdhita puSpoM se mahakatA rahegA aura duHkha ke bIja bone para vyAkulatA, zoka, ciMtA Adi asAtAvedanIya karma ke phala prApta hogeM / ataH sukha pAne kI cAha ho to duHkha ke bIja kabhI bhI nahIM bonA caahie| sAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya kAla meM anAsaktabhAva banAye rakhanA cAhie aura asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya meM anAkUlatA va samatA bhAva banAye rakhanA hI vedanIya karma ke jAnane, samajhane kA sAra 1 mohanIya karma kA nirUpaNa Ahita karake mUr3ha banA detA hai, vaha 'mohanIya karma' hai 100 jisa prakAra madirA Adi nazIlI vastuoM kA sevana karane se viveka zakti tathA socane, vicArane . buddhi kuNThita evaM avaruddha ho jAtI hai tathA jisa karma pudgala paramANuoM se AtmA kI viveka zakti, vicAra zakti, AcAra kI kArya kSamatA maMda aura avaruddha hokara duSkRtya meM pravRtta hotI hai, use mohanIya karma kahate haiM / ATha karmoM meM sarvAdhika zaktizAlI mohanIya karma hai| sAta karma prajA hai, to mohanIya karma rAjA hai| isake prabhAva se vItarAgatA prakaTa nahIM ho paatii| zeSa ghAti karma hara eka zakti ko AvRta karate haiM, jaba ki mohanIya karma AtmA kI aneka prakAra kI

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192 zaktiyoM ko na kevala AvRta karatA hai, apitu unheM vikRta, mUrcchita aura kuMThita bhI kara detA hai| jaise jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kAraNa AtmA samyak rUpa se jAna nahIM pAtI, to darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kAraNa yathArtha ko dekha nahIM pAtI aura aMtarAya karma ke kAraNa vividha zaktiyoM ko prakaTa nahIM kara paatii| mohanIya karma ke kAraNa AtmA apanI zakti kA upayoga karane meM samartha hote hue bhI parabhAvoM meM itanI pha~sa jAtI hai, ki yathArtha AcaraNa nahIM kara paatii| yahI kAraNa hai ki mohanIya karma dRSTi meM bhI vikAra paidA karatA hai aura AcaraNa meM bhI vikRti paidA karatA hai| isa saMsAra meM prANiyoM ke jIvana ko sabase adhika mohita karane vAlA mohanIya karma hai| jisase AtmA apane zuddha Atma bhAva ko bhUlakara rAga-dveSa meM pha~sa jAtI hai| isI karma ke kAraNa AtmA ko svarUpa ramaNa meM bAdhA upasthita hotI hai| AtmA kA saccA zatru mohanIya karma hI hai, kyoMki vaha keMdrIya karma hai| yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai, ki mohanIya karma ke sarvathA naSTa hone para bhI aghAtI karmoM kI sattA kucha samaya taka zeSa rahatI hai, isalie una aghAtI karmoM ko mohanIya karma ke AdhIna kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna dete hue karma marmajJa kahate haiM ki mohanIya karma naSTa ho jAne para janma-maraNa paraMparA rUpa saMsAra ke utpAdana kA sAmarthya zeSa karmoM meM nahIM hone se una karmoM kI sattA bhI asAtA ke samAna hI ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai, mohanIya karma ko janmaraNAdi duHkharUpa saMsAra kA mUla kahA hai| . AgamoM meM mohanIya karma ko senApati kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra senApati ke cala basane para senA meM bhAgadaur3a maca jAtI hai, vaise hI mohanIya karma kA nAza hone para zeSa tIna ghAti karma naSTa ho jAte haiM aura cAra aghAti karma bhI AyuSya karma ke kSaya hote hI samApta ho jAte haiN| mohanIya karma ne baDe-baDe mahApuruSoM ko parAjita kiyA hai| cAra jJAna ke dhanI, labdhi nidhAna gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama prazasta moha ke kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upasthiti meM kevalajJAna ko upalabdha nahIM kara sake the|101 jar3a ke binA vRkSa Tika nahIM sakatA hai| nIMva ke binA bilDiMga Tika nahIM sakatI hai usI prakAra AtmA ke saMsAra paribhramaNa kA mukhya kAraNa yaha mohanIya karma hai|102 mohanIya karma sabase prabala hai, kyoMki sukha-du:kha ke nimitta evaM saMyoga to vedanIya karma ke dvArA prastuta ho jAte haiM, kintu una para rAga-dveSa karake AtmA ko eka ko acchA aura eka ko burA, eka para manojJatA aura dUsare para amanojJatA kI chApa mohanIya karma ke vazIbhUta hokara lagatI hai|

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193 vedanIya karma AtmA ke sukha-duHkha para asara karatA hai, jabaki mohanIya karma AtmA kI AnaMda sRSTi ko roka detA hai, isI kAraNa sAMsArika sukha-duHkha ke karaMTa kA paoNvara hAUsa mohanIya karma hai| aise mohavaza prApta hone vAle bhautika sukha ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai 'khaNamittasukkhA bahukAla dukkhA' kSaNamAtra kA sukha cirakAla taka du:khoM kA sarjana karatA hai|103 rAgadveSAdi vikAra mohanIya karma ke aMga haiN| isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue 'sthAnAMgasUtra104 meM likhA hai, jaise madirA pAna kiyA huA manuSya apanA niyaMtraNa kho detA hai, mohanIya karma ke kAraNa apane hitAhita kA, apane kartavya kA, satya-asatya kA bhAna bhUla jAtA hai| hitAhita ko kadAcit samajha bhI leM, kintu isa karma ke udaya se AcaraNa nahIM kara paataa| AtmA ko saMsAra meM racA pacA rakhane vAlA evaM AtmA kA paudgalika duniyA ke sAtha tAdAmya kara dene vAlA aura apane Apa ko bilkula vismRta karake para bhAva ko svabhAva jaisA banA dene vAlA mohanIya karma hI hai| mohanIya karma ke do rUpa haiN| zraddhA arthAt darzana rUpa aura cAritra arthAt pravRtti ruup| mohanIya karma kA vistAra mohanIya karma ke do bheda - 1) darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya / 105 uttarAdhyayanasUtra106 aura sthAnAMgasUtra 107 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| darzana mohanIya karma kA svarUpa jo vastu jisa prakAra kI ho usakA tAttvika dRSTi se yathArtha mUlyAMkana kara ke athavA heya, jJeya, upAdeya kA vizleSaNa karake use vaisA jAnanA 'darzana' kahalAtA hai| jo karma aisA paripUrNa evaM zuddha darzana na hone de vaha 'darzana mohanIya' karma hai| - yahA~ para dhyAna rakhanA hai ki 'darzanAvaraNIya karma' ke 'darzana' zabda kA artha 'sAmAnya bodha' hai jabaki darzana-mohanIya karma ke 'darzana' zabda kA artha zraddhA yA dRSTi / darzana mohanIya kI prabalatA ke kAraNa zuddha deva, guru aura dharma ke prati ruci nahIM hotI aura na una para zraddhA hotI hai| cAritra mohanIya karma kA svarUpa mohanIya karma kA dUsarA bheda cAritra mohanIya hai| svabhAva kI prApti yA Atma svarUpa meM ramaNatA ko nizcaya cAritra kahate haiM aura azubha se nivRtti evaM zubha meM pravRtti ko vyavahAra cAritra kahate haiN| vrata, niyama, tyAga, pratyAkhyAna, tapa, samiti, gupti Adi vyavahAra cAritra kI koTi meM haiN| AgamoM meM moha aura kSobha se vihIna samatA yukta pariNAma bhAva samyak cAritra hai|

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194 darzana mohanIya karma kI tIna prakRtiyA~108 1) samyaktva mohanIya, 2) mithyAtva mohanIya, 3) mizra mohniiy| ina tInoM meM mithyAtva mohanIya sarvaghAti hai| samyaktva mohanIya dezaghAti hai aura mizra mohanIya sarvaghAti hai| 1) samyaktva mohanIya ___ yaha karma zuddha hone ke kAraNa tattvaruci rUpa samyaktva meM vyAghAta nahIM pahuMcAtA paraMtu isake kAraNa Atma svabhAva rUpa aupazamika aura kSAyika samyaktva nahIM ho pAtA aura sUkSma padArthoM ke socane meM zaMkA huA karatI hai, jisase samyaktva meM malinatA A jAtI hai| 2) mizra mohanIya isakA dUsarA nAma-samyaktva-mithyAtva mohanIya hai| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ko yathArtha kI ruci yA aruci na hokara dolAyamAna sthiti rahe, use mizra mohanIya kahate haiN| isake udaya se jIva ko na to tattvoM ke prati ruci hotI hai| aura na atattvoM ke prati aruci ho paatii| isa ruci ko khaTTImiTThI vastu ke svAda ke samAna samajhanA caahie| 3) mithyAtva mohanIya jisake udaya se jIva ko tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa kI ruci hI na ho, use mithyAtva mohanIya kahate haiN| isa karma ke udaya se jIva sarvajJa praNIta mArga para na calakara usake pratikUla mArga para calatA hai| sanmArga se vimukha rahatA hai, jIvAdi tattvoM para zraddhA nahIM karatA hai, apane hitAhita kA vicAra karane meM asamartha rahatA hai, hita ko ahita, ahita ko hita samajhatA hai|109 jainAgama thoka saMgraha meM bhI yahI bAta hai| 110 cAritra mohanIya karma kA svarUpa 1) kaSAya cAritra mohanIya, 2) nokaSAya cAritra mohanIya111 prajJApanA meM bhI yahI kahI hai|112 1) kaSAya cAritra mohanIya ___ jo AtmA ke guNoM ko kaSa (naSTa kare) athavA kaS kA artha hai janma maraNa rUpa saMsAra, usakI Aya, arthAt prApti jisase ho use 'kaSAya' kahate haiN|113 'tattvArtha rAjavArtika' meM kaSAya mohanIya kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai 'cAritra pariNAma kaSaNAt kaSAyaH' arthAt jisake kAraNa cAritra ke pariNAma kSINa hote hoM use 'kaSAya'

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195 kahate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne dazavaikAlika sUtra ke mAdhyama se krodhAdi cAroM kaSAya saMsAra rUpI mUla kA siMcana karate haiN| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha prANiyoM ke jIvana kA kitanA aniSTa karate haiM, yaha batAte hue kahA hai ki krodha- prIti kA nAza karatA hai| mAna- vinaya kA, nAza karatA hai| mAyA (kapaTa)- mitratA kA nAza karatI hai| lobha- samasta guNoM kA vinAza karane vAlA hai|114 kaSAya cAritra mohanIya karma kI 16 prakRtiyA~ mUlarUpa se kaSAya ke cAra bheda haiM aura unakI tIvratA-maMdatA ke AdhAra para pratyeka kaSAya ke cAra bheda hone se kaSAya ke kula solaha bheda prarUpita kiye gaye haiN| kaSAya ke mUla cAra bheda - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobh| - kaSAyoM ke tIvratama, tIvratara, tIvra aura maMda sthiti ke kAraNa cAra-cAra prakAra hote haiM, jo kramaza: anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya kI (tIvratama sthiti) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa (tIvratara sthiti) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa (tIvrasthiti) tathA saMjvalana (maMdasthiti) hotI hai| anaMnatAnubaMdhI kaSAya ___ jo kaSAya anaMta saMsAra kA anubaMdha karAne vAlA hai, unheM anaMtAnubaMdhI kahate haiN| isa kaSAya ke prabhAva se AtmA anaMtakAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatI hai| yaha kaSAya samyaktva kA ghAta karatA hai aura jIvana paryaMta rahatA hai / 115 soye hue sA~pa kI bhA~ti nimitta pAkara yaha kaSAya pragaTa rUpa meM prastuta hotI hai| 1) anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha parvata phaTane se par3I huI darAra kabhI nahIM juDatI, isI prakAra yaha krodha parizrama aura upAya karane para bhI zAMta nahIM hotA hai, aisA krodha eka jiMdagI meM nahIM aneka janmoM taka calatA hai| 2) anaMtAnubaMdhI mAna pASANa ke staMbha (khambhe) ke samAna hai athavA vajra staMbha ke samAna hai| aisA staMbha TUTa

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196 jAtA hai, para kisI bhI taraha jhukatA nhiiN| isa prakAra ke abhimAnI aise kaThora hote haiM, jo jIvana meM kabhI bhI namra nahIM bnte| 3) anaMtAnubaMdhI mAyA bAMsa ke mUla kI gA~Tha ke samAna hai,116 jaise bAMsa ke mUla kI gA~Tha kisI bhI upAya se sIdhI yA sarala nahIM ho paatii| isI prakAra anaMtAnubaMdhI mAyA jiMdagI bhara banI rahatI hai| kisI bhI upAya se usameM saralatA nahIM A paatii| 4) anaMtAnubaMdhI lobha lobha ko kiramicI ke raMga kI upamA dI hai| jaise-jaise vastra para kiramicI raMga laga jAne para usa vastra ko hajAra bAra sAbuna se dhone para bhI vaha raMga nahIM chuutttaa| niSkarSa yaha hai ki, anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya janma janmAMtaroM taka bhI sAtha-sAtha calatI hai| isake prabhAva se jIva naraka meM hI utpanna hotA hai| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya . jisa kaSAya ke udaya se AtmA yatkiMcit bhI tyAga-pratyAkhyAna nahIM kara sakatI use 'apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya' kahate haiN| yaha kaSAya AtmA ko pApoM se virata nahIM hone detii| isa kaSAya kI avadhi adhika se adhika eka varSa kI hai|117 apratyAkhyAnAvaNa kaSAya meM tIvratA kama hone se mithyAtva dUra hotA hai aura samyaktva prakaTa hotA hai| 1) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha sUkhe tAlAba meM par3I huI miTTI kI darAra ke samAna hai, jo zIghra nahIM miTatI kiMtu usameM dhUla, patthara, kacarA Adi giratA hai to dIrgha kAla meM vaha darAra bharatI hai| aise hI yaha krodha, kaThina upAya se zAMta hotA hai| 2) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna - mAna haDDI ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra muDI huI haDhI ko sIdhI karanI ho to lagabhaga eka varSa taka tela Adi kA mardana karane se vaha sIdhI ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra apratyAkhyAnI mAna vAlA adhika se adhika eka varSa taka akaDA rahatA hai, Akhira nama jAtA hai| 3) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAyA mAyA ko meMDhe ke siMga se upamita kiyA gayA hai, jaise meMDhe ke siMga meM rahI huI vakratA kaThina parizrama aura aneka upAyoM se dUra hotI hai|

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197 4) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lobha yaha lobha kIcar3a ke raMga ke samAna hai| jaise vastra para lagA huA kIcar3a kA dAga kaThinAI se miTatA hai| usI prakAra lobha atyAdhika prayatna karane se dUra hotA ho vaha apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lobha kahalAtA hai| isa kaSAya ke udaya se tiryaMca gati kA baMdha hotA hai| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya catuSka ke prabhAva se zrAvaka dharma arthAt dezaviratI kI prApti nahIM hotI, tathA zramaNa dharma kI bhI prApti nahIM hotii|118 pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya kaSAya ke udaya se sarva viratI rUpa pratyAkhyAna arthAt zramaNa dharma (mahAvrata) kI prApti nahIM hotI, use pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kahate haiN| isakI sthiti cAra mAsa kI hai|119 isake udaya se AtmA manuSya gati kA baMdha karatI hai| sAdhu dharma kA pAlana nahIM hotaa|120 1) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya krodha ko dhUla para khIMcI huI lakIra ke samAna batAyA gayA hai| jaise dhUla para khIMcI huI lakIra havA Adi ke dvArA miTa jAtI hai, vaise hI pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha bhI upAyoM se zAMta ho jAtI hai| 2) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna yaha mAna lakar3I ke khaMbhe ke samAna hai, jaise lakar3I kA staMbha tela Adi meM rakhane se jaldI nama jAtA hai, usI prakAra jo mAna sAdhAraNa upAyoM se miTa jAtA hai, vaha pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna kahalAtA hai| 3) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAyA calate hue baila ke mUtra kI dhArA ke samAna hai, jaise calate hue baila ke mUtra se paDane vAlI TeDhI meDhI rekhA havA Adi se sUkha jAne para miTa jAtI hai, vaise hI pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAyA alpa prayAsa se parivartana ho jAtI hai| 5) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lobha lobha gADI ke pahiye ke khaMjana jaisA athavA kAjala ke raMga jaisA hai jo thoDe se prayAsa se chUTa jAtA hai|

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198 saMjvalana kaSAya isa kaSAya ke udaya se AtmA ko yathAkhyAta cAritra kI prApti nahIM hotI use 'saMjvalana kaSAya' kahate haiN| yaha kevalajJAna kI utpatti meM bAdhaka banatA hai| yaha kaSAya upasarga yA kaSTa Ane para sAdhu ke citta meM samAdhi aura zAMti nahIM rahane detA, kintu isakA asara laMbe samaya taka nahIM rhtaa| isa kaSAya kI avadhi adhika se adhika paMdraha dina kI hai| isa kaSAya ke vazIbhUta huI AtmA devagati meM jAne yogya karmoM ko grahaNa karatI hai|121 1) saMjvalana krodha jala meM khIcI jAne vAlI rekhA ke samAna hai yaha krodha tatkAla zAMta ho jAtA hai| 2) saMjvalana mAna yaha mAna kaSAya binA parizrama ke jhukAye jAne vAle beta ke samAna hai jo apane Agraha ko kSaNamAtra meM choDakara dUsaroM ke sAmane turaMta jhukane vAle hote haiN| 3) saMjvalana mAyA ___ bA~sa ke chilake meM rahane vAlA Ter3hApana binA zrama kiye sIdhA ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha mAyA bhAva saralatA se dUra hotA hai|122 4) saMjvalana lobha . haldI ke raMga ke samAna hai| jaise vastra para lagA huA haldI kA raMga sahaja meM uDa jAtA hai, usI prakAra jo lobha vizeSa prayatna kiye binA tatkAla apane Apa dUra ho jAtA hai, vaha saMjvalana lobha hai| 2) nokaSAya cAritra mohanIya kA svabhAva cAritra mohanIya kA dUsarA prakAra nokaSAya mohanIya hai| yahA~ 'no' zabda kA artha alpa athavA sahAyaka hai| ye kaSAya krodhAdi ke sAtha udaya meM Ate haiM aura unheM uttejita karate haiN| karmagraMthakAroM ne nokaSAya kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai jo kaSAya to na ho kintu kaSAya ke sahavartI ho, kaSAya ke udaya ke sAtha jinakA udaya hotA hai, unheM nokaSAya kahA hai| ise akasAya bhI kahate haiN| 123 nokaSAya mohanIya karma nau bheda - 1) hAsya, 2) rati, 3) arati, 4) bhaya, 5) zoka, 6) jugupsA, 7) strIveda, 8) puruSaveda, 9) napuMsaka ved|124

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199 1) hAsya * jisa karma ke udaya se kAraNa vaza arthAt bhAMDa Adi kI ceSTA dekhakara athavA binA kAraNa ke haMsI AtI hai, use hAsya mohanIya karma kahate haiN| 2) rati jisa karma ke udaya se sakAraNa yA akAraNa padArthoM meM rAga, prema ho, use ratimohanIya karma kahate haiN| 3) arati ___ jisa karma ke udaya se kAraNavaza yA binA kAraNa ke padArthoM se aprIti, dveSa hotA hai, use arati mohanIya karma kahate haiN| 4) bhaya jisa karma ke udaya se kAraNavaza yA binA kAraNa vaza bhaya ho yA Dara ho use bhaya mohanIya karma kahate haiN| bhaya ke sAta prakAra haiN|125 Avazyaka sUtra126 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| 5) zoka kAraNavaza yA binA kAraNa hI jisa karma ke udaya se zoka ho, use zoka mohanIya karma kahate haiN| 6) jugupsA - jisa karma ke udaya ke kAraNa yA binA kAraNa ke hI bIbhatsa-ghRNAjanaka padArthoM ko dekhakara ghRNA paidA hotI hai, use jugupsA mohanIya karma kahate haiN| ____ maithuna sevana karane kI icchA ko 'veda' kahate haiN| cihna vizeSa ko 'dravya veda' aura tadanurUpa abhilASA ko 'bhAvaveda' kahate haiN| veda ke tIna bheda : strIveda, puruSaveda, npuNskved| 7) strIveda jisa karma ke udaya se strI ko puruSa ke sAtha ramaNa karane kI icchA ho use strIveda kahate haiN| 8) puruSaveda . jisa karma ke udaya se puruSa ko strI ke sAtha ramaNa karane kI icchA ho use puruSaveda kahate haiN|

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200 9) napuMsaka veda jisa karma ke udaya se strI aura puruSa donoM ke sAtha ramaNa karane kI icchA ho, use napuMsaka veda kahate haiN| 127 isa prakAra nokaSAya mohanIya karma ke nau bhedoM kA varNana uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM AtA hai| 128 mohanIya karmabaMdha ke kAraNa sAmAnyatayA mohanIya karma kA baMdha chaha kAraNoM se hotA hai| 1) tIvra krodha, 2) tIvra mAna, 3) tIvra mAyA, 4) tIvra lobha, 5) tIvra darzana mohanIya, 6) tIvra cAritra mohniiy| uttara prakRtiyoM kI apekSA se darzana mohanIya tathA cAritra mohanIya karma baMdha ke kAraNa pRthak-pRthak batAye haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra darzana mohanIya karma ke 5 kAraNa batAye haiN| 1) arihaMta bhagavaMtoM ke avarNavAda (niMdA) karane se| 2) arihaMta prarUpita dharma kA avarNavAda karane se| 3) AcArya upAdhyAya kA avarNavAda karane se| 4) zramaNa-zramaNI, zrAvaka-zrAvikArUpa caturvidha saMgha kA avarNavAda karane se| 5) tapasvI aura brahmacArI kA avarNavAda karane se mohanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| krodhAdi kaSAya, hAsyAdi naukaSAya meM Asakta AtmA cAritra mohanIya karma kA baMdha karatI hai| mohanIya karma pAMca prakAra se bhoge mohanIya karma sabhI karmoM meM prabalatama evaM bhayaMkara hai| isa karma kA phala jIvAtmA pAMca prakAra se bhogatA hai| 1) samyaktva mohanIya . samyaktva mohanIya kA phalabhoga samakita kI prApti nahIM honaa| 2) mithyAtva mohanIya mithyAtva mohanIya kA phala bhoga tattvoM kA ayathArtha yAne ki viparIta zraddhAna honaa| 3) mizra mohanIya mizra mohanIya kA phala bhoga tAttvika zraddhAna meM DAvA~Dola honaa| 4) kaSAya cAritra mohanIya kaSAya cAritra mohanIya kA anubhAva krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA utpanna honaa|

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201 5) nokaSAya cAritra mohanIya nokaSAya cAritra mohanIya kA anubhAva hai hAsya bhayAdi jo bA~dhA hai tadanusAra nokaSAyoM kA utpanna honA / 129 mohanIya karma kA prabhAva darzana mohanIya karma kA aisA prabala prabhAva hai, jisase AtmA, para- padArthoM meM ruci rakhatI hai| jaise strI putrAdi mere haiM, dhana-dhAnyAdi saMpatti merI hai, mere pana kI kalpanA karatI huI AtmA unameM iSTa-aniSTa kA bhAva rakhatI hai, unake upabhoga meM sukha mAnatI hai aura viyoga meM duHkha mAnatI hai| tAttvika viveka ke abhAva meM saMsArI jIva bAhya padArthoM meM ulajhA rahatA hai tathA padArthoM kI prApti ke lie apanA bahumUlya samaya evaM zakti bhI kharca kara detA hai / tattvopadeza milane para bhI unakI mati evaM gati bAhara se haTakara antarmukhI nahIM hotI / ...kadAcit kSaNika vairAgya A jAye, lekina laMbe samaya taka vairAgya bhAvoM ke TikanA kaThina hai / darzana mohanIya ke prabhAva se AtmA tAttvika nirIkSaNa parIkSaNa meM na laga kara niMdA AlocanA karane meM apanI zakti lagA detI hai, isa prakAra mithyA zraddhA rUpa moha ko darzana mohanIya kahA gayA hai| mohanIya karma ko yathArtha rUpa se samajhakara isa prabalatama karma para vijaya prApta karane kA prayAsa karanA cAhie tathA jina kAraNoM se ina prakRtiyoM kA Agamana aura baMdha hotA hai unase bacane kA arthAt naye Ate hue karmoM ko rokane kA aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA (kSaya) karane kA puruSArtha satata karanA caahie| mohanIya karma kI sthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrta kI, utkRSTa 70 koDAkoDI sAgaropama kI, abAdhAkAla jaghanya antarmuhUrta, utkRSTa sAta hajAra varSa kA 130 AyuSya karma kA nirUpaNa AyuSya karma astitva se prANI jIvita rahatA hai aura isake kSaya hone se mRtyu kA AliMgana karatA hai| deva, manuSya, tiryaMca aura naraka ina cAra gatiyoM meM se kisa AtmA kitane kAla taka apanA jIvana vahA~ bitAnA hai yA usa niyata zarIra se baddha rahanA hai, isakA nirNaya AyuSya karma karatA hai| yaha isa Ayu karma kA prabhAva hai, jisake kAraNa AtmA gati aura zarIra ko choDakara dUsarI gati va zarIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai| Ayukarma kA kArya AtmA ko sukha - duHkha denA nahIM hai, apitu naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devagati meM se kisI eka gati meM nizcita avadhi taka banAye rakhanA hai| jaba AyuSya karma

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202 kA bhoga kara liyA jAtA hai| taba isa zarIra se chuTakArA milatA hai| cAhe koI vyakti du:khada yA sukhada sthiti meM kramaza: marane yA jIne kI icchA rakheM kintu AyuSya karma ke astitva taka una sthitiyoM ko use bhoganA hI par3atA hai| AyuSya karma kA svabhAva kArAgRha ke samAna batAyA hai|131 yaha karma AtmA ke avinAzitva guNa ko roka detA hai| AyuSya karma kA svabhAva paira meM paDI huI beDI ke samAna batAyA hai|132 jaise paira meM beDI paDa jAne para manuSya eka hI sthAna se baMdha jAtA hai, vaise hI AyuSya karma AtmA ko usI janma meM nirdhArita avadhi taka roka rakhatA hai aura usake udayakAla meM usa janma meM chuTakArA nahIM miltaa| jaise jela meM par3A huA manuSya usase bAhara nikalanA cAhatA hai, paraMtu sajApUrNa hue binA nahIM nikala sakatA, vaise narakAdi gatiyoM meM rahI huI AtmA AyuSya pUrNa hue binA usa gati ko choDa nahIM sktii| AyuSya karma kA vistAra AyuSya karma kI cAra prakRti - 1) naraka kA Ayu, 2) tiryaMca kA Ayu, 3) manuSya kA Ayu, 4) deva kA Ayu133 . uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM134 bhI yahI kahA hai| AyuSya karma 16 prakAra se bA~dhe ___sthAnAMga sUtra 135 meM narakAyuSya karma baMdha ke cAra kAraNa batAye gaye haiN| prajJApanAsUtra136 aura tattvArthasUtra 137 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| 1) mahAraMbha, 2) mahAparigraha, 3) madyamAMsa kA sevana, 4) pNcendriyvdh| 1) mahAraMbha AraMbha arthAt hiMsAjanaka kriyA klaap| tIvra krUra bhAvoM ke sAtha adhika saMkhyA yA adhika mAtrA meM kiyA gayA kArya mahAraMbha kahalAtA hai| jo AtmA mahAraMbha meM Asakta rahatI hai, vaha naraka gati kA AyuSya bA~dha letI hai| zAstra meM kAla saurika kasAI kA varNana AtA hai| jo loga baDe paimAne para pArTI mahAbhoja Ayojita karate haiM, jisameM trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI ho, phalasvarUpa unheM naraka gati ke mehamAna bananA paDatA hai|138 2) mahAparigraha mahAparigraha kA artha hai vastuoM para atyaMta mUrchAbhAva yA Asakti rkhnaa| atyadhika parigraha rakhane kA bhAva yAnI atyadhika saMcaya karane kI vRtti| vizAla dhana saMpatti hone mAtra se koI mahAparigrahI nahIM ho jaataa| bharata cakravartI ke pAsa cha:khaNDa kA sAmrAjya tathA

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203 vizAla vaibhava thA, kintu ve mahAparigrahI nahIM the, kyoMki ve anAsakta the| jisake pAsa saMpatti na ho paraMtu icchA AkAMkSA hai to vaha bhI parigrahI hai saMpatti, vaibhava ho yA na ho jahA~ Asakti hai vahA~ parigraha hai / mUrcchA parigraha 139 3) madyamA~sa kA sevana mA~sa, machalI aura aMDe Adi kA sevana karanA karavAnA bhI tIvra hiMsAkAraka pariNAma hone ke kAraNa narakAyu kA baMdha karAtI hai / 140 4) paMcendriyavadha manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi paMcendriya kA pramatta yogapUrvaka saMkalpa kI buddhi se vadha karanA / jo loga kasAIkhAnA calAte haiM, garbhapAta svayaM karanA yA dUsaroM ko bhI preraNA denA, use nArakIya jIvana prApta hotA hai / tiryaMca AyuSya karma 4 prakAra bA~dhe 1) mAyA ( kapaTa) karanA, 3) mRSAvAda (asatya bhASaNa), .1) mAyA karanA ( kapaTa karanA) 2) gUDha mAyA (rahasyapUrNa kapaTa), 4) khoTA tola, khoTA mApa / kuTilatA rakhanA yA chala kapaTa karanA, mana meM kucha aura rakhanA, bahAra kucha aura dikhAnA arthAt Thaga aura dhokhebAjI karanA tiryaMcAyu kA kAraNa hai / udA. jJAtA dharma kathAMga sUtra meM malla bhagavatI kA varNana hai jinhoMne mAyA kA sevana kiyA thA / 141 2) gUDha mAyA karanA (rahasyapUrNa kapaTa karanA) kapaTa ko chipaanaa| hRdaya meM kisI bAta ko chipAkara rakhanA aura bAhara meM kucha aura dikhAnA / dhUrtatA aura ThagI karane se tiryaMcAyu kA baMdha hotA hai| 3) mRSAvAda (asatya bhASaNa) krodha, lobha, bhaya aura svArtha ke kAraNa manuSya asatya bhASaNa karatA hai / asatya bhASaNa kA pariNAma pazu jIvana prApta hotA hai| jhUTha bolate samaya aneka doSoM kI aura kusaMskAroM kI puSTi hotI hai, vaha mahAghAtaka hai| isa prakAra tiryaMcAyu kA baMdha hotA hai / 142 4) jhUThA taula - mApa karanA acchI vastu dikhAkara kharAba vastu denA yA taula mApa kara denA / vyAvahArika jagata meM chala kapaTa karanA vizvAsaghAtaka hai| dhArmika jagata meM chala kapaTa mahAghAtaka hai / 'sUtrakRtAMga' sUtra meM kahA hai ' jo mAyApUrvaka AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha anantabAra janmamaraNa karatA hai / 143

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204 manuSya AyuSya cAra prakAra se bA~dhe 1) prakRti se bhadra (saralatA), 2) prakRti se vinaya, 3) sAnukoSe (dayA), 4) amatsara (IrSArahita) 1) prakRti se bhadra (saralatA) mana, vacana, kAyA kI ekarUpatA ko saralatA kahate haiN| jahA~ hRdaya kI saralatA ho, vahA~ dharma ke bIjoM kA vapana hotA hai|144 isI kAraNa prakRti kI bhadratA ko manuSyAyu baMdha kA kAraNa kahate haiN| 2) prakRti se vinaya vinamratA kA artha dabakara calanA yA Dara kara rahanA nahIM hai| namratA kA artha antas se jhuknaa| jhukane se hRdaya ke dvAra khulate haiN| vinayabhAva hI manuSyAyu kA baMdha karAtA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM145 kahA hai- 'ki vinaya dharma kA mUla hai'| 3) dayAlutA (sAnukoSe) dUsaroM ke duHkha meM duHkhI honA dayA hai| dayApUrNa hRdaya meM sadbhAva evaM sahayoga kA janma hotA hai| apane sukha kA tyAga karake bhI dUsaroM ke kaSToM ko dUra karane kA bhAva jisa hRdaya meM ho vaha manuSyAyu kA baMdha karatA hai| 4) amatsara (IrSArahita honA) IrSA kI agni samasta sukhoM kI jalA detI hai| dUsaroM ke sukhoM ko dekhakara jo vyakti jalatA hai, kuDhatA hai, use manuSyAyu prApta nahIM hotI hai| devaAyuSya cAra prakAre bA~dhe 1) sarAga saMyama, 2) saMyamAsaMyama, 3) bAlatapa, 4) akAma nirjarA146 1) sarAga saMyama saMyama kA artha hai AtmA ko pApoM se saMvRta karanA, hiMsAdi sabhI pApoM se virata rUpa cAritra grahaNa karane para bhI jaba taka rAga yA kaSAya kA aMza zeSa hai, taba taka saMyama zuddha nahIM hone para use sarAga saMyama kahate haiN| zuddha saMyama se karma kSaya hotA hai, kintu rAgayukta saMyama pAlane se devAyu kA baMdha hotA hai|

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205 2) saMyamAsaMyama kucha saMyama aura kucha asaMyama / ise dezavirati cAritra kahate haiN| zrAvaka ke vrata meM sthUla rUpa se hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi kA pratyAkhyAna hotA hai, kintu sUkSma ekendriya jIvoM kI AraMbhajA hiMsA kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM hotaa| aise saMyamAsaMyama kA pAlana karane vAlA gRhastha bhI devAyu kA baMdha karatA hai| 3) bAlatapa isakA artha hai ajJAna yukta tapa yA jJAna rahita tapa / jisa tapa meM Atmazuddhi kA lakSya na hokara anya koI bhautika yA laukika lakSya ho, use bAla tapa kahate haiN| samyagjJAna ke abhAva meM kiyA gayA yaha ajJAna tapa bhI devAyu kA baMdha karAtA hai| AgamoM meM aise a bAla tapasviyoM kA varNana hai / tAmalI tApasa, kamaTha, agnizarmA Adi bhI bAlatapa ke phalasvarUpa devagati meM gaye ! akAma nirjarA anicchA, dabAva, bhaya, parAdhInatA, lobhavaza, majabUrI yA bhUkha Adi ke kaSTa ko sahana karanA akAma nirjarA hai / yadyapi nArakI jIva bhayaMkara kaSTa sahate haiN| unheM anicchA se kaSTa sahanA paDatA hai tathApi samyakjJAna na hone se ve kaSTa ke samaya meM samabhAva evaM AtmaciMtana nahIM kara paate| majabUrI meM kaSTa sahane se unakI akAma nirjarA hotI hai kintu sAtha hI durdhyAna hone se ve devAyu kA baMdha nahIM kara paate| isa prakAra solaha kAraNoM se cAra Ayu kA baMdha hotA - hai / usakA phala hai usa AyuSya kI prApti honA / 147 AyuSya karma 4 prakAra se bhoge 1) neriya - naraka kA AyuSya bhogate haiM / 2) tiryaMca - tiryaMca kA AyuSya bhogate haiN| 3) manuSya - manuSya kA AyuSya bhogate haiN| 150 4) deva - devatA kA AyuSya bhogate haiM / 148 uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 149 prajJApanA sUtra, ' aura tattvArthasUtra 151 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| AtmA AyuSya karma kaba bA~dhatI hai? isa saMsAra meM cAra prakAra ke jIva haiM- deva, nArakI, tiryaMca aura manuSya / devoM aura nArakoM kA AyuSya unakI chaha mahIne kI Ayu zeSa rahane para Ayu kA baMdha ho jAtA hai| manuSya aura saMjJI tiryaMca paMcendriya kA AyuSya isa prakAra se ba~dhatA hai, vartamAna janma kI nizcita Ayu ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Tane para unameM se do bhAga bIta jAne ke bAda jo zeSa rahe Ayu usaka

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206 bhAga meM agale janma kI Ayu bAMdha sakatI hai| yadi usa samaya Ayu na ba~dhe to zeSa rahe eka bhAga ko tIna hissoM meM bA~Tane para unameM se do bhAga bIta jAne ke bAda jo zeSa bace, usa eka hisse meM Ayu baMdhatI hai| isa prakAra aMtima antarmuhUrta meM AyuSya avazya hI ba~dhatI hai| pratyeka AtmA apane jIvanakAla meM pratikSaNa Ayukarma bhogatI hai| aura pratikSaNa Ayu karma ke paramANu bhogane ke pazcAt pRthak hote rahate haiN| jisa samaya vartamAna jIvana ke pUrvabaddha Ayukarma ke samasta paramANu kSINa hokara AtmA se pRthak ho jAte haiM, usa samaya prANI ko apanA vartamAna zarIra choDanA paDatA hai| vartamAna zarIra ko choDane se pUrva, bhAvI zarIra ke Ayu karma kA baMdha ho jAtA hai| eka prazna sabhI ke mastiSka meM ubharatA hai, jaba AyuSya karma kI kAlAvadhi bilkula niyata hai to akAla maraNa aura Akasmika maraNa kaise aura kyoM hotA hai? inakA samAdhAna jaina karma vijJAna vettAoM ne do prakAra kA AyuSya samajhAkara spaSTa kiyA hai| AyuSya do prakAra kA hai, apavartanIya AyuSya, aura anaparvatanIya aayussy| anapavartanIya AyuSya vaha hai jo bIca meM TUTatI nahIM aura apanI pUrI sthiti bhoga kara hI samApta hotI hai, arthAt jitane kAla ke lie baMdhI hai utane kAla taka bhogI jAye vaha 'anapavartanIya AyuSya' hai|152 isameM AyuSya karma kA bhoga svAbhAvika evaM kramika rUpa se dhIre-dhIre hotA hai| deva, nArakI, tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudevAdi uttamapuruSa carama zarIrI aura asaMkhyAta varSajIvI akarmabhUmi ke manuSya aura karmabhUmi meM paidA hone vAle yaugalika mAnava aura tiryaMca ye saba anaparvatanIya AyuSya vAle hote haiN| aparvatanIya AyuSya vaha hai jo AyuSya kisI zastra Adi kA nimitta pAkara bA~dhe gaye niyata samaya ke pahale bhoga lI jAtI hai| isameM AyuSya karma zIghratA se eka sAtha bhoga liyA jAtA hai| arthAt Ayu kA bhoga kramika na hokara Akasmika rUpa se hotA hai use aparvatanIya AyuSya kahA jAtA hai| ise vyAvahArika bhASA meM akAla mRtyu athavA Akasmika maraNa bhI kahate haiN| bAhya kAraNoM kA nimitta pAkara bA~dhA huA AyuSya antamuhUta meM athavA sthitipUrNa hone se pahale zIghratA se eka sAtha bhoga liyA jAtA hai| apavartanIya aura anaparvatanIya AyuSya ko kramaza: sopakrama aura nirupakrama AyuSya kahA jAtA hai| 153 sopakrama AyuSya karma bIca meM bhI kabhI pUrNa ho sakatI hai| anaparvatanIya yA nirupakrama AyuSya vAle manuSyoM ko AghAta to lagate haiM, paraMtu AyuSya karma nahIM ttuutttaa| 'sthAnAMgasUtra' meM AyuSyapUrNa kiye binA bIca meM mRtyu ho jAne ke sAta kAraNa batAye haiM154 adhyavyavasAya, nimitta, AhAra, vedanA, parAgAta, sparza, zvAsa nirodha ina sAta kAraNoM se aparvatanIya Ayu ke haiN| jIva kA Ayu niyata samaya ke pUrva pUrNa ho jAtA hai|

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207 AyuSya karma kA prabhAva ___ AyuSya karma ke prabhAva se jIvAtmA ko vividha avasthAe~ prApta hotI haiN| loga asahya vedanA se chuTakArA pAne ke lie zIghra mRtyu cAhate haiM, paraMtu AyuSya karma pUrNa na ho taba taka mauta nahIM A sakatI hai| devagati ke devoM ko apanA apAra sukha vaibhava choDane kI icchA nahIM hotI aura manuSyagati ke manuSya bhI apanI samRddhi choDanA nahIM cAhate, phira bhI unheM AyuSya karma pUrNa hone para vivazatA se barabasa saba choDanA paDatA hai| usI prakAra nArakI pala-pala mauta kI icchA karate haiM, paraMtu jaba taka AyuSya karma pUrA na ho taba taka mara nahIM sktaa| AyuSya karma kI sthiti naraka va deva kI sthiti jaghanya daza hajAra varSa aura antarmuharta kI utkRSTa tetIsa sAgara aura karoDa pUrva kA tIsarA bhAga adhik| manuSya, tiryaMca kI sthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa tIna palya koDapUrva kA tIsarA bhAga adhik|155 nAmakarma kA nirUpaNa nAma karma ko citrakAra kI upamA dI gaI hai|156 jaise citrakAra aneka prakAra ke acchebure citra banatA hai, unameM vibhinna raMga bharatA hai, unakI vividha AkRtiyA~ banAtA hai, vaise nAma karma AtmA ke acche-bure vibhinna prakAra ke rUpa banAtA hai| isI karma ke kAraNa kisI jIva meM suMdaratA aura kisI meM asuMdaratA ke darzana hote haiN| cANDAla putra harikezI157 ke bIbhatsa zarIra kA tathA RSivara aSTAvakra kI zarIragata vakratA kA kAraNa nAmakarma hI thaa| sthAnAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai, 'nAmakarma AtmA ke arUpitva zuddha svabhAva ko AcchAdita karake use naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya yA devarUpa pradAna karatA hai| yaha nAma karma kA camatkAra hai ki, vaha kisI kI AkRti nigro jaisI banA detA hai, to kisI kI cAinIja jaisI banA detA hai| AtmA ke arUpitva guNa ko DhaMka kara rUpI zarIra aura usase saMbaMdhita aMgopAMgAdi pradAna karanA nAma karma kA kArya hai| 158 nAma karma kA vistAra nAma karma ke do bheda - 1) zubha nAma, 2) azubha naam|159 zubha prakRtiyA~ puNyarUpa haiM aura azubha prakRtiyA~ pAparUpa haiN|160 apekSA bheda se nAma karma ke 42, 93 aura 103 aura 68 bheda haiN| prajJApanA,161 tattvArthasUtra162 aura samavAyAMga163 gommaTasAra164 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| nAma karma ke apekSA bheda ke kAraNa 42 aura 93 bhedoM meM kucha prakRtiyA~ avAntara bhedavAlI haiM aura kucha avAMtara bhedavAlI nahIM haiN| jisa prakRti ke avAntara bheda hote haiM unheM

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208 piNDa prakRti aura jinake avAMtara bheda nahIM hote haiM unheM pratyekaprakRti kahate haiN| sabase pahale 42 bhedoM kA kathana karate haiN| piNDa prakRtiyA~ 14 haiM 1) gati, 2) jAti, 3) zarIra, 4) aMgopAMga, - 5) baMdhana, 6) saMghAtana, 7) saMhanana, 8) saMsthAna, 9) varNa, 10) gaMdha, 11) rasa, 12) sparza, 13) AnupUrvI, 14) vihaayogti|165 pratyeka prakRtiyA~ ATha haiM 1) parAghAta, 2) ucchravAsa, 3) AtApa, 4) udyota, 5) agurulaghu, 6) tIrthaMkara, 7) nirmANa, 8) upaaghaat|166 trasa dazaka 1) trasanAma, 2) bAdaranAma, 3) paryAptanAma, 4) pratyekanAma, 5) sthiranAma, 6) zubhanAma, 7) subhaganAma, 8) susvaranAma, 9) AdeyanAma, 10) ysh:kiirtinaam| sthAvara dazaka 1) sthAvaranAma, 2) sUkSmanAma, 3) aparyAptanAma, 4) sAdhAraNanAma, 5) asthiranAma, 6) azubhanAma, 7) durbhaganAma, 8) duHsvaranAma, 9) anAdeyanAma, 10) aysh:kiirtinaam| isa prakAra 14 piNDa prakRtiyA~, 8 pratyeka prakRtiyA~, trasa dazaka aura sthAvara dazaka kula 42 prakRtiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| trasa dazaka kI prakRtiyoM kI gaNanA puNya prakRtiyoM meM aura sthAvara dazaka kI prakRtiyoM kI gaNanA pApa prakRtiyoM meM kI jAtI hai| apekSA bheda se banane vAle 93 bhedoM ko kahane ke lie 14 piNDa prakRtiyoM kI uttaraprakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA evaM paribhASAyeM isa prakAra haiN| 1) gatinAmakarma ke 4 bheda 1) narakagati, 2) tiryaMcagati, 3) manuSyagati, 4) devagati167 2) jAtinAmakarma ke 5 bheda 1) ekendriya, 2) dvIndriya, 3) trIndriya, 4) caurendriya, 5) pNcendriy|

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209 3) zarIra ke pAMca bheda 1) audArikazarIra, 2) vaikriyakazarIra, 3) AhArakazarIra, 4) taijasazarIra, 5) kaarmnnshriir| 4) zarIra aMgopAMga ke tIna bheda 1) audArikazarIra aMgopAMga, 2) vaikriya aMgopAMga, 3) AhAraka zarIra aNgopaaNg| 5) zarIra baMdhana nAma ke pAMca bheda 1) audArikazarIra baMdhana, 2) vaikriyakazarIra baMdhana, 3) AhArakazarIra baMdhana, 4) taijas zarIra baMdhana, 5) kArmaNazarIra baMdhana 6) zarIra saMghAta karaNa nAma ke pAMca bheda 1) audArika zarIra saMghAta karaNa, 2) vaikriyaka zarIra saMghAta karaNa, 3) AhAraka zarIra saMghAta karaNa, 4) taijasa zarIra saMghAta karaNa, 5) kArmaNa zarIra saMghAta krnn| 7) saMghayaNa nAma ke chaH bheda 1) vajraRSabhanArAca saMghayaNa, 2) RSabhanArAca saMghayaNa, 3) nArAca saMghayaNa, 4) ardhanArAca saMghayaNa, 5) kIlikA saMghayaNa, 6) sevA sNghynn| .8) saMsthAna nAma ke chaH bheda 1) samacaturastra saMsthAna, 2) nyagrodha parimaMDala saMsthAna, 3) sAdika saMsthAna, 4) kubja saMsthAna, 5) vAmana saMsthAna, 6) huMDaka saMsthAna 9) varNa nAma ke pAMca bheda 1) kRSNa, 2) nIla, 3) rakta, 4) pIta, 5) zveta168 10) gaMdha ke do bheda 1) surabhigaMdha, 2) durabhigaMdha 11) rasa ke pAMca bheda 1) tIkhA, 2) kaDUvA, 3) kasailA, 4) khaTTA, 5) mIThA 12) sparza ke ATha bheda 1) laghu - halkA, 2) guru - bhArI, 3) karkaza - kaThora, 4) komala - mRdu, 5) zIta - ThaMDA, 6) uSNa - garama, 7) rUkSa - rUkhA, 8) snigdha - cikanA

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13) agurulaghu nAma kA eka bheda 14) upaghAta nAma kA eka bheda 15) parAghAta nAma kA eka bheda 16) AnupUrvI ke cAra bheda 1) narakAnupUrvI, 3) manuSyAnupUrvI, 210 2) tiryaMcAnupUrvI, 4) devAnupUrvI 169 17) ucchravAsa nAma nAma kA eka bheda . 18) udyota nAma kA eka bheda 19) AtApa nAma kA eka bheda 20) vihAya gati nAma ke do bheda 1) prazasta vihAya gati : gaMdha hastI ke samAna zubha calane kI gati / 2) aprazasta vihAya gati : U~Ta ke samAna azubha calane kI gati / nAma karma kI caudaha piMDa prakRtiyoM ke ukta prabhedoM ko milAne se uttara bhedoM kI samasta saMkhyA 65 hotI hai| 28 prakRtiyoM ko milAne se 93 bheda hote haiM / trasa dazaka + sthAvara dazaka + parAghAta nAma, ucchravAsa, AtApa, ughota, agurulaghu, tIrthaMkara, nirmANa, upAghAta isameM baMdhana ke 15 bheda milAne se 103 bheda hote haiM / 170 nAma karma 8 prakAra se bA~dhe 1) kAyA kI vakratA, bhAvoM kI vakratA, zubha nAma karma cAra prakAra se bA~dhA jAtA hai 1) kAyA kI saralatA arthAt kAyA ke dvArA koI kapaTapUrvaka pravRtti na karanA / 2) bhASA kI saralatA arthAt bolate samaya kapaTa kA Azraya na lenA / 3) bhAvoM kI saralatA yAnI manobhAvoM ko chala kapaTa se dUra rakhanA / 4) avisaMvAdana yoga arthAt mana, vacana, kAyA ke vyApAroM meM eka rUpatA honA / mana se socanA kucha, vacana se kahanA kucha aura kAyA se karanA kucha isa prakAra kI kuTilatA visaMvAdana yoga hai tathA isake viparIta avisaMvAdana yoga kahalAtA hai| azubha nAma karmabaMdha ke cAra kAraNa 2) bhASA kI vakratA, 4) visaMvAda yoga

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211 . tAtparya yaha hai, mana-vacana-kAyA dvArA mAyAvI banane se jIva ke azubha nAma karma kA baMdha hotA hai| nAma karma 28 prakAra se bhoge zubha nAma karma 14 prakAra se bhoge 1) iSTa zabda, 2) iSTa rUpa, 3) iSTa gaMdha, 4) iSTa rasa, 5) iSTa sparza, 6) iSTa gati, 7) iSTa sthiti, 8) iSTa lAvaNya, 9) iSTa yazokIrti, 10) iSTa utthAna, 11) iSTa svara, 12) kAnta svara, 13) priya svara, 14) manojJa svr| azubha nAma karma 14 prakAra se bhoge / 1) aniSTa zabda, 2) aniSTa rUpa, 3) aniSTa gaMdha, 4) aniSTa rasa, 5) aniSTa sparza, 6) aniSTa gati, 7) aniSTa sthiti, 8) aniSTa lAvaNya, 9) aniSTa yazokIrti, 10) parAkrama zaktihInatA, 11) aniSTa svara, 12) akrAnta svara, 13) apriya svara, 14) amanojJa svr|171 nAma karma kI sthiti jaghanya ATha muhUrta kI, utkRSTa bIsa koDAkoDI sAgaropama kii| abAdhA kAla do hajAra varSa kaa|172 nAma karma kA prabhAva isa saMsAra meM eka manuSya kAlA-kalUTA, beDaula, bIbhatsa AkRti vAlA hai, to eka manuSya gulAba ke phUla jaisA suMdara evaM cittAkarSaka AkRti vAlA kyoM hai? isakA kAraNa nAma karma hai| zarIra aura zarIra se saMbaMdhita aMga pratyaMga ke kaNa-kaNa kI racanA karane vAlA nAma karma hai| indriyA~, varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, yaza-apayaza, susvara-dusvara, saubhAgya aura durbhAgya Adi denevAlA nAma karma hai| isI karma ke udaya se jIva vividha gatiyoM ko prApta karatA hai| zubha karma kA udaya ho to jIva ko iSTa vastu kA saMyoga prApta hotA hai aura azubha nAma kA udaya ho to aniSTa vastu kA saMyoga (nimitta) milatA hai| . isa prakAra nAma karma kA svarUpa aura kAraNa batAkara yaha spaSTa siddha ho jAtA hai, ki samasta jIvoM ko zarIra aura zarIra saMbaMdhita jo bhI vastue~ milI haiM ve kisI paramAtmA dvArA nahIM apitu apanI AtmA ke dvArA kiye gaye karmoM se prApta huI hai| yadi AtmA ina karmoM se

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212 - mukta hone kA puruSArtha kare to avazya hI siddha-buddha mukta ho sakatI hai| gotra karma kA nirUpaNa isa saMsAra meM jAtiyA~ ucca haiM, to kucha jAtiyA~ nIca haiN| yaha u~ca-nIca kA bheda bhI karmakRta hai, manuSyakRta nahIM hai| AtmA ko pratiSThita - apratiSThita, sammAna-sammAna yA niMdya-aniMdya kula meM janma prApta karAne vAlA gotra karma hai / 173 karma prakRti 174 meM bhI yahI hai| kahA gotra karma kA svabhAva acche-bure ghar3e ke samAna hone se isa karma kI tulanA kuMbhAra se kI gaI hai, jaise kuMbhAra aneka prakAra ke ghar3oM kA nirmANa karatA hai / 175 gotra karma ke kAraNa AtmA zlAghya - azlAghya banatI hai / gotra karma kA vistAra gotra karma ke do bheda : 1) ucca gotra, 2) nIca gotra 176 tattvArthasUtra 177 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| jisa karma ke udaya se AtmA ucca prazasta evaM zreSTha kula meM janma letI hai, use 'ucca gotra karma' kahate haiN| nIti, dharma kI upekSA aura upahAsa karatA hai tathA jinakA bhAva aura vyavahAra bhI dUSita va aprazasta hai, vaha nIca kula kahalAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM uccajAtikulAdi ATha bAteM ucca gotra karma ke upabheda tathA nIca jAti kulAdi ATha bAteM nIca gotra ke upabheda mAne gaye haiM / 178 gotra karma 16 prakRtiyA~ 1) jAti mada na karane se / 2) kula mada na karane se AtmA ucca gotra kA baMdha karatI hai / jaise bhagavAna mahAvIra ne marIci ke janma se kulamada kiyA thaa| jisase unake nIca gotra karma kA baMdha ho gyaa| phalataH unheM aMtima janma meM devAnaMdA brAhmaNI kI kukSI meM avatarita honA paDA / bhikSuka kula meM AnA hI nIca gotra karma kA phala thA / 3) balamada na karane se 4) rUpamada na karane se / 5) tapomada na karane se / 6) lAbhamada na karane se / 7) zrutamada yAni jJAna kA mada na karane se / 8 ) aizvaryamada na karane se /

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213 isake viparIta jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, lAbha, zruta aura aizcarya kA mada arthAt abhimAna karane se jIva nIca gotra karma bA~dha letA hai|179 gotra karma 16 prakAra se bhoge uccagotra karma baMdha kA phalabhoga ATha prakAra se hote haiN| 1) jAti kA abhimAna na karane se lokapriya ucca jAti kI prApti hotI hai| 2) kula kA mada na karane se sammAnita aura pratiSThita kula kI prApti hotI hai| 3) bala kA mada na karane se zarIra baliSTha aura svastha milatA hai| 4) rUpa kA abhimAna na karane se uttama rUpa sauMdarya kI prApti hotI hai| 5) tapa kA mada na karane se vyakti ko bAhya AbhyaMtara tapa karane kA suMdara avasara prApta hotA hai| 6) jJAna kA mada na karane se zrutajJAna kI saMpadA pracuramAtrA meM prApta hotI hai| 7) lAbha mada na karane se vyakti ko sadaiva sarvatra utkRSTa lAbha kA sarvottama avasara . milatA hai| 8) aizvarya kA abhimAna na karane se aizvarya sAmagrI anAyAsa prApta ho jAtI hai| uparyukta uccagotra ke phalasvarUpa sabhI vastue~ sahajarUpa se prApta hotI haiN| usI prakAra nIca gotra karma ke phalasvarUpa puruSArtha karane para bhI una vastuoM kA yoga prApta nahIM hotaa|180 gotra karma kA prabhAva manuSya ATha prakAra ke ahaMkAra ke jitanA nikaTa jAtA hai, utanA hI vaha Atma bhAvoM se dUra calA jAtA hai aura ahaMkAra se jitanA dUra rahatA hai utanAhI vaha satyAdi Atma guNoM ke nikaTa jAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| ata: abhimAna se dUra rahane kI preraNA lenA hI gotra karma ko vistRta rUpa se jAnane kA sAra hai| gotra karma kI sthiti gotra karma kI sthiti- jaghanya ATha muhUrta kI, utkRSTa- bIsa koDAkoDI sAgaropama kI, abAdhAkAla - do hajAra varSa kA181 aMtarAya karma kA nirUpaNa __ AtmA meM anaMta zakti hai| usa Atmazakti ko prakaTa karane ke lie jo zakti cAhie usameM bAdhA DAlane vAlA aMtarAya karma hai| aMtarAya zabda kA artha hai dAnAdi meM vighna, bAdhA, rukAvaTa yA aDacana Adi denaa|182

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214 nizcaya naya kI apekSA se AtmA meM anaMta zakti hote hue bhI apaMgatA, vyAdhi, Alasya, parAdhInatA, Asakti, aruci yA mAnasika vikSiptatA Adi ke kAraNa AtmA zakti isa karma ke dvArA avaruddha ho jAtI hai aura usakI vIratA kuNThita ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai aMtarAya karma AtmA kI sabhI zaktiyoM para aura dAnAdi kSamatAoM para aMkuza "lagAne vAlA karma hai / 183 aMtarAya karma kA kArya hai- AtmA ko lAbha Adi kI prApti meM, zubha kAryoM ko karane kI kSamatA meM aura tapa, zIla Adi kI sAdhanA karane ke sAmarthya meM avarodha khaDA kara denA / 184 AtmA jaba karma yogya paramANuoM ko AkarSita karake Atma pradezoM se Abaddha karatI hai, taba unameM aisA sAmarthya utpanna hotA hai jo AtmA kI zakti ko prakaTa hone meM rukAvaTa DAlatA hai| phalataH dAna, lAbha, bhoga yA upabhoga Adi kAryoM meM saphalatA yA kArya siddhi nahIM ho paatii| isa vighna-bAdhA ko upasthita karane vAlA aMtarAya karma hai ! isa karma kA svabhAva duSTa bhaMDArI ke samAna hai / 185 jise rAjA ke dvArA Adeza dene para bhI bhaMDArI dhana pradAna karane se manA karatA hai, usI prakAra AtmA rUpI rAjA ke lie vItarAga . paramAtmA dvArA anaMta zaktiyA~ prApta karane kA saMdeza hone para bhI aMtarAya karma rUpI bhaMDArI dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga kI icchA prApti meM tathA tapa, saMyama, tyAga, pratyAkhyAna Adi karane kI kSamatA ko kuMThita kara detA hai evaM rukAvaTa DAlatA hai| aMtarAya karma kI 5 prakRtiyA~ 1) dAnAntarAya, 2) lAbhAntarAya, 4) upabhogAntarAya, 5) vIryAntarAya / 186 3) bhogAntarAya, 1) dAnAntarAya dAna dene kI AkAMkSA hai tathA dAna kI sAmagrI, pAtra, vidhi aura phala kA jJAna bhI hai paraMtu dAna dene kA utsAha nahIM hai athavA kisI aparihArya yA Akasmika kAraNavaza dAna dene meM vighna upasthita ho jAte haiM, vaha dAnAntarAya karma hai| 1) anukaMpAdAna, 5) lajjAdAna, 9) kariSyatidAna, dAna kA artha hai apane yA dUsare ke kalyANa ke lie apane adhikAra kI vastu kA tyAga kara denaa| sthAnAMgasUtra meM dAna ke 10 prakAra batAye haiM / 187 2) saMgrahadAna, 3) bhayadAna, 4) kAruNyadAna, 6) gauravadAna, 7) adharmadAna, 8) dharmadAna, 10) kRtadAna / isake atirikta jJAnadAna, abhayadAna aura auSadhadAna bhI haiN|

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215 2) lAbhAntarAya lAbhAMtarAya kI aprApti kA mUla kAraNa lAbhAntarAya karma hai| icchita yA priya vastu kI aprApti se manuSya azAMta, saMtapta aura udvigna rahatA hai| mahAna puruSArtha ko bhI lAbhAntarAya karma niSphala kara detA hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne lAbhAntarAya karma bA~dhA thaa| phalata: jaba ve anagAra bane aura AhAra lene ke lie ghara-ghara gaye to unako koI AhAra nahIM detA thaa| sonA, cAMdI, hIre, motI dene ko loga tatpara the, paraMtu bhojana koI nahIM detA thaa| eka varSa se adhika samaya taka AhAra na milane para bhI unake mana meM hastinApura ke logoM ke prati dveSa yA durbhAva paidA nahIM huA, kyoMki bhikSA kI aprApti kA sahI kAraNa ve jAnate the| 'mere hI lAbhAntarAya karma ke kAraNa mujhe AhAra nahIM mila rahA hai, jaba lAbhAntarAya karma naSTa hogA, taba sahajatA se AhAra mila jAyegA!' 3) bhogAntarAya bhoga kI paribhASA karate hue batAyA gayA- eka bAra jisa vastu kA bhoga kara lene ke bAda dubArA jisakA bhoga nahIM ho sakatA hai aisI bhojana, pAnI Adi vastuoM ko bhoga kahA jAtA hai| yadi mana pasaMda bhojana nahIM milatA hai yA jisa samaya bhojana milanA cAhie usa samaya nahIM milatA ho to dUsaroM ko doSa nahIM denA cAhie, kyoMki vaha to mAtra nimitta hai, mUla kAraNa 'bhogAntarAya karma' hI hai| 4) upabhogAntarAya jo vastu bAra-bAra bhogI jAtI hai, vaha upabhogya kahalAtI hai| vastra, AbhUSaNa, makAna, pharnIcara aadi| upabhogya sAmagrI mila jAne para bhI aura upabhoga karanA cAhate hue bhI prApta na honA upabhogAntarAya karma jAnanA caahie|188 5) vIryAntarAya yuvAvasthA meM zarIra svastha evaM zaktizAlI hone para bhI yadi manuSya apane ko sattvahIna, kamajora evaM vRddha vyakti ke samAna samajhatA hai athavA kArya vizeSa meM puruSArtha nahIM kara pAtA aura svayaM ko asamartha mahasUsa karatA hai to yaha vIryAMtarAya karma kA prabhAva jAnanA caahie| . karma graMthakAroM ne AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vIryAntarAya karma ke tIna bheda kiye haiM1) bAla vIryAntarAya karma samartha hone para bhI tathA kArya karanA cAhate hue manuSya isa karma ke udaya se satkArya yA naitika sAMsArika kArya nahIM kara paataa|

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216 2) paNDita vIryAntarAya karma mokSa kI icchA hote hue bhI, tyAga vairAgya kI dRDhatA hote hue bhI, sAdhu-sAdhvI isa karma ke udaya se mokSa prApti ke yogya puruSArtha nahIM kara paate| 3) bAlapaNDita vIryAntarAya karma samyakdRSTi zrAvaka, zrAvikA dezaviratI cAritra meM puruSArtha karanA cAhate hue bhI isa karma ke udaya se nahIM kara pAte, vaha bAla paNDita vIryAntarAya karma hai| 189 aMtarAya karma baMdha ke 5 kAraNa bhagavatIsUtra 90 aura tattvArthasUtra 91 meM aMtarAya karma baMdha ke pA~ca kAraNa batAye haiN| 1) dAne dene meM rukAvaTa DAlanA, 2) lAbha meM aMtarAya DAlanA, 3) bhogya padArtha kI prApti meM vighna DAlanA, 4) upabhogya padArthoM kI prApti meM vighna DAlanA, 5) zakti ko kuMThita kara denaa| aMtarAya karma baMdha 5 prakAra se bhoge 1) dAna kA avasara hAtha na AnA, 2) lAbha kA avasara na milanA, 3) bhogya padArtha kA sevana na kara pAnA, 4) upabhogya sAmagrI kA na milanA, 5) zakti prApta na honaa| aMtarAya karma kA prabhAva aMtarAya karma ke kAraNa upalabdha sAmagrI evaM zakti kA samucita upayoga na kara pAnA aura kisI vyakti ke dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga va zakti ke upayoga meM bAdhaka bananA, yaha antarAya karma kA kAraNa hai| vIrya yAne zakti, sAmarthya yA bl| jo karma AtmA kI zakti ko, sAmarthya ko baDhane nahIM detA, AtmA kI anaMta zakti ko yaha karma dabA detA hai| isa karma ke udaya se vyakti azAMta saMtapta jIvana jItA hai| dharmadhyAna ityAdi meM vighna DAlanA yaha vIrya aMtarAya hai| 192 tattvArthasUtra193 jainatattvAdarza194 aura sarvArthasiddhi195 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| Diprezana kA mUla kAraNa bhI vIrya aMtarAya karma hai| aisI sthiti meM koI bAta, koI vastu yA koI vyakti use sukha nahIM de sktaa|

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217 aMtarAya karma kI sthiti . jaghanya- aMtarmuhUrta kI, utkRSTa- tIsa koDAkoDI sAgaropama kI, abAdhAkAla - tIna hajAra varSa kA196 isa prakAra karma kI ATha mUla prakRtiyA~ evaM uttara prakRtiyoM ke svarUpa, svabhAva, prabhAva evaM baMdha ke kAraNoM ko samajhakara unase bacane kA prayatna karanA caahie| karmabaMdha kI parivartanIya avasthA ke 10 kAraNa jaina karmazAstra197 meM karma kI vividha avasthAoM kA varNana milatA hai| ye avasthAe~ karma ke baMdhana, parivartana, sattA, udaya, kSaya Adi se saMbaMdhita haiN| inake nAma isa prakAra haiM 1) baMdha, 2) udvartanA, 3) apavartanA, 4) sattA, 5) udaya, 6) udIraNA, 7) saMkramaNa, 8) upazama, 9) nidhatti, 10) nikAcanA198 gommaTasAra meM inako daza karaNa kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| jIvoM ke zubha-azubha Adi pariNAmoM kI karaNa saMjJA hai| 199 dhavalA meM bhI yahI kahA hai|200 ye avasthAe~ jainoM ke karma siddhAMtoM ke vikAsa kI sUcaka haiN|201 baMdha ___ aneka padArthoM kA eka ho jAnA baMdha kahalAtA hai|202 rAjavArtika meM kahA hai jinase karma baMdhe vaha karmoM kA baMdhanA baMdha hai|203 jo baMdhe yA jisake dvArA bA~dhA jAye use baMdha kahate haiN|204 jaina karma siddhAMta, adhyAtma aura vijJAna205 meM DaoN. nArAyaNa lAla ne kahA hai karmabaMdha kevala manuSya aura tiryaMca yoni meM hI hotA hai| jo karma yoni hai| dveSa va nArakI bhoga yoni hai| - umAsvAti ne kahA hai- kaSAya bhAva ke kAraNa jIva kA karma pudgala se AkrAnta ho jAnA hI baMdha hai|206 'AtmA jisa zakti vIrya vizeSa se karma paramANuoM ko AkarSita karake unheM ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke rUpa meM jIva pradezoM se saMbaMdhita karatA hai tathA karma paramANu aura AtmA paraspara eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM vaha baMdha hai|' jIva aura karma ke saMzleSa ko baMdha kahate haiN|207 jIva apanI vRttiyoM se karma yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai| grahaNa kiye hue karma-pudgala aura jIva-pradezoM kA baMdhana yA saMyoga baMdha hai| AcArya abhayadevasUri ke anusAra - 'beDI kA baMdhana dravya baMdha hai aura karma kA baMdhana bhAva baMdha hai ' / 208 zrI nemicaMdra siddhAMtacakravartI ne kahA hai 'jisa caitanya pariNAma se karma baMdhatA hai vaha bhAvabaMdha hai tathA karma aura AtmA ke pradezoM kA eka dUsare meM mila jAnA, eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAnA dravyabaMdha hai'|209

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218 uvartanA udvavartanA ko utkarSaNa bhI kahate haiM / baddha karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga - rasa kA nizcaya baMdhana ke samaya vidyamAna kaSAya kI tIvratA maMdatA ke anusAra hotA hai| usake bAda kI sthiti vizeSa - adhyavasAya vizeSa ke kAraNa usa sthiti meM vRddhi ho jAnA hI udvavartanA yA utkarSaNa kahalAtA hai| dhavalA meM kahA gayA hai- 'karma pradezoM kI sthiti (va anubhAga ) ko baDhAnA utkarSaNa kahalAtA hai / 210 sthiti aura anubhAga kI vRddhi ko utkarSaNa kahate haiM / udvavartanA ke dvArA karma sthiti kA dIrghIkaraNa aura rasa kA tIvrIkaraNa hotA hai / 211 jaina karma siddhAMta ke anusAra AtmA karmabaMdha karate samaya pUrvabaddha karmoM kI kAla maryAdA aura tIvratA bar3hA bhI sakatI hai, yahI karma paramANuoM kI kAla maryAdA aura tIvratA ko baDhAne kI kriyA udvavartanA kahI jAtI hai / 212 apavartanA apavartanA kA dUsarA nAma apakarSaNa bhI hai| apakarSaNa kA artha hai ghaTanA / baddha karmoM kI sthiti tathA anubhAga meM adhyavasAya vizeSa se kama kara dene kA nAma apavartanA hai / samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra ke kAraNa svataH athavA tapazcaraNa ke dvArA sAdhaka pUrvopArjita karmoM kI sthiti va anubhAga ghaTAtA huA Age baDhatA hai| isI kA nAma mokSamArga meM apakarSaNa hai| saMsArI jIvoM ke pratipala zubha yA azubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa puNya yA pApa prakRtiyoM ka apakarSaNa huA karatA hai| sthiti aura anubhAga kI hAni arthAt jo pahale baMdhI thI, usase kama karanA ' apakarSaNa' hai / 213 jaina darzana meM karmavAda meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai / 214 sattA 'astitva ko sattA kahate haiM / ' 215 baddha karma paramANu apanI nirjarA arthAt kSaya hone taka AtmA se saMbaMddha rahate haiM, isI avasthA kA nAma sattA hai / isa avasthA meM karma apanA phala pradAna na karate hue vidyamAna rahate haiM / 216 dhAnya saMgraha ke samAna jo pUrva saMcita karma haiM, unake AtmA meM sthita rahane ko sattA kahate haiM / 297 sattA ko satva bhI kahate haiM / 218 karmoM kA baMdha ho jAne ke bAda unakA vipAka bhaviSya meM kisI bhI samaya meM hotA hai / pratyeka karma apane sattA kAla ke samApta hone para hI phala ( vipAka) de pAtA hai / jitane samaya taka kAla maryAdA paripakva na hone ke kAraNa karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdha banA rahatA hai, usa avasthA ko sattA kahate haiM /

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- 219 udaya jIva219 ke pUrvakRta jo zubha yA azubha karma apane apane samaya para paripakva dazA ko prApta hokara jIva ko phala dekara kSaya ho jAte haiM ise hI karma kA udaya kahate haiN| karma ke vipAka ko udaya kahate haiN| 220 dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva ke nimitta ke vaza karmoM ke phala kA prApta honA udaya hai| 221 udIraNA ___ jisa prakAra samaya se pUrva kRtrima rUpa se phala ko pakAyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra niyatakAla ke pUrva hI prayAsapUrvaka udaya meM lAkara karmoM ke phaloM kA bhoga lenA udIraNA hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa se yaha niyama hai ki jisa karma prakRti kA udaya yA bhoga cala rahA hai, usakI sajAtIya karma prakRti kI udIraNA saMbhava hai|222 niyata samaya se pUrva karma kA udaya meM AnA udIraNA kahalAtA hai, athavA na pake hue karmoM ko pakAne kA nAma udIraNA hai|223 saMkramaNa - saMkramaNa kA artha hai- bdlnaa| 'eka avasthA se dhIre-dhIre badalate hue dUsarI avasthA meM phuNcnaa'|224 jIva ke pariNAmoM ke prayatna vizeSa se karma prakRti ko badalakara anya prakRtirUpa ho jAnA saMkramaNa hai| jo prakRti pUrva meM baMdhI thI usakA anya prakRti rUpa meM pariNamana ho jAnA saMkramaNa hai| 225 jisa adhyavasAya se jIva karma prakRti kA baMdha karatA hai, usakI tIvratA ke kAraNa vaha pUrvabaddha sajAtIya prakRti ke dalikoM ko baddhamAna prakRti ke dalikoM ke sAtha saMkrAnta kara detA hai, parivartita kara detA hai, vaha saMkramaNa hai|226 saMkramaNa cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| 1) prakRti saMkramaNa, 2) sthiti saMkramaNa, 3) anubhAga saMkramaNa, 4) pradeza sNkrmnn| ___ saMkramaNa kisI eka mUlaprakRti kA usakI uttara prakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai dUsare zabdoM meM sajAtIya saMkramaNa prakRtiyoM meM hI saMkramaNa mAnA gayA hai vijAtIya prakRtiyoM meM nahIM, isa niyama se apavAda hai Ayukarma kI cAra uttara upaprakRtiyoM meM tathA darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya tathA darzana mohanIya kI uttara prakRtiyoM meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| 228 upazama ___ karmoM ke udaya ko kucha samaya ke lie roka lenA, upazama kahalAtA hai|229 karmoM ke udaya ke abhAva meM utane samaya ke lie jIva ke pariNAma atyaMta zuddha ho jAte haiM, paraMtu avadhi ho jAne para niyama se karma puna: udaya meM A jAte haiM aura jIva ke pariNAma puna: gira jAte haiN|

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220 upazama karaNa kA saMbaMdha moha karma va tajjanya pariNAmoM se hI hote haiM, jJAnAdi va anya bhAvoM se nahIM kyoMki rAgAdi vikAroM meM kSaNika utAra caDhAva saMbhava hai| jaise kataka phala yA nirmalI DAlane se maile pAnI kA maila nIce baiTha jAtA hai aura jala nirmala ho jAtA hai, usI taraha pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi se karmoM kI zakti kA anudbhUta rahanA arthAt prakaTa na honA upazama hai| 230 dUsare zabdoM meM 'AtmA meM karma kI nija zakti kA kAraNa vaza prakaTa na honA upazama hai'| jaise kataka Adi ke saMbaMdha se jala meM kIcaDa kA upazama ho jAtA hai|231 nidhatti karma kI vaha avasthA nidhatti kahalAtI hai, jisameM udIraNA aura saMkramaNa kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai, kintu isa avasthA meM udvavartanA tathA apavartanA kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai|232 jo karma udayAvali prApta karane se va anya prakRtirUpa saMkramaNa karane meM samartha ho vaha nidhatti kahalAtA hai| isake viparIta jo udayAvali prApta karane meM yA anya prakRti rUpa saMkramaNa karane meM athavA utkarSa karane meM samartha na ho use nikAcita kahA jAtA hai| nikAcanA ___ jina karmoM kA jisa rUpa meM baMdha huA hai, unakA usI rUpa meM anivAryata: phala bhoganA nikAcanA kahalAtA hai| nikAcanA kI sthiti meM udvavartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA ye cAroM avasthAe~ nahIM hotii| isameM karmoM kA baMdhana itanA pragAr3ha hotA hai ki unakI kAla maryAdA evaM tIvratA (pariNAma) meM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha nikAcanA ke viSaya meM sAmAnya aura sarva pracalita mata hai, kintu arhatdarzanadIpikA meM nikAcita dazA meM bhI parivartana hone kA saMketa pATha milatA hai| zubha pariNAmoM kI tIvratA se sabhI karma prakRtiyoM kA hrAsa hotA hai aura tapobala se nikAcita kA bhI avakramaNa hrAsa hotA hai|233 pravacanakAra pU. gaNivarya bhI yugabhUSaNa jI ma.sA. ne apane anekAMtavAda meM kahA hai- prAyazcita se nikAcita karma kSaya nahIM hotA, kiMtu unake sAtha rahe hue anikAcita karmoM kSaya hotA hai| nikAcita karma akelA kabhI nahIM 'baMdhatA, sAtha meM anikAcita karma bhI baMdhatA hai| jaise DAkuoM kI TolI hotI hai yadi use toDA jAya to unakI zakti kama ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra anikAcita karma kSaya hone se nikAcita karma kA bala (zakti) kama ho jAtA hai| 234 / / isakA vizeSa rahasya vicAra aura zodha kA viSaya hai| dhavalA ke anusAra bhI jinabiMba ke darzana se nikAcita rUpa mithyAvAdI karma kalApa kA kSaya hotA hai|235

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221 anya paraMparA meM tIna avasthAe~ vaidika paraMparA meM karmoM kI kriyamANa, 236 saMcita aura prArabdha ye tIna avasthAe~ batAI gaI haiN| ye jaina darzana kI kramaza: baMdha, sattA aura udaya samAnArthaka hai| 237 bauddha darzana meM 238 niyata vipAkI karma, jaina darzana kI nikAcanA ke lie prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra karma phala ke saMkramaNa kI dhAraNA svIkAra kI gaI hai| bauddha darzana bhI yaha mAnatA hai, ki yadyapi karma (phala) kA vipraNAza nahIM hai, tathApi karmaphala kA sAtikramaNa (saMkramaNa) ho sakatA hai| bauddha karma vicAraNA meM janaka, upasthaMbhaka, upapIlaka aura upghaatk| aise cAra karma mAne jAte haiN| janaka karmasattA (jaina karmazAstra) se tulanIya hai| upasthaMbhaka utkarSaNa kI prakriyA meM sahAyaka mAne jAte haiN| upapIlaka karmazakti kSINa karate haiM ata: apakarSaNa ke samAna hai, upaghAtaka karma zakti rokane ke kAraNa upazamana ke samAna hai| karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa : rAga-dveSa ' AgamoM meM karmabaMdha ke mukhya do kAraNa batAye haiM- rAga, dveSa / 239 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 240 samavAyAMgasUtra, 241 aura uttarAdhyayanasUtra 242 meM bhI kahA hai| rAga-dveSa paraspara anyonyAzrita haiN| rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti se mohanIya karma utpanna hotA hai| mohanIya karma ke udaya meM Ane para indriyoM ke viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa hote haiM phira isase navIna karma baMdha hote haiM aura karma baMdha ke udaya se punaH rAga-dveSa hote haiM, isa bhA~ti baMdha va udaya kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| rAga-dveSa kA pahiyA baMdha evaM udaya ke rUpa meM ghUmatA rahatA hai| aise baMdha aura udaya ke cakra meM anaMtakAla se AtmA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahI hai| rAga se dveSa ko, dveSa se rAga ko punaH-puna: grahaNa kara rahI hai| isalie kahanA hogA ki rAga-dveSa paraspara sahabhAvI haiN| . vyakti, vastu, ghaTanA, paristhiti, viSaya, vicAra Adi ke prati yadi mana meM anukUlatA mahasUsa hotI hai, to usake sAtha rAga-rUpa saMbaMdha jur3a jAte haiM aura pratikUlatA mahasUsa hotI ho to usake sAtha dveSa rUpa saMbaMdha jur3a jAte haiN| yaha saMbaMdha hI baMdhana hai| 243 rAga aura dveSa ke paryAyavAcI zabda isa prakAra batAye haiM- icchA, mUrchA, kAmanA, gRddhi, sneha, mamatA, abhilASA, lAlasA, tRSNA Adi tathA IrSyA, doSa-dRSTi-niMdA, cugalI Adi dveSa ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| zAstroM meM rAga tIna prakAra ke batAye haiN| sneha rAga-vyaktiyoM ke prati hotA hai, kAma rAga-indriyoM ke viSaya meM hotA hai aura dRSTi rAga kupravacanAdi yA siddhAMta se viruddha mata sthApana ke prati hotA hai| 244 jIvoM kI icchA ke anusAra vastu kA svabhAva nahIM badalatA, balki mohavaza ruci ke anusAra vaha acchA burA mAnA jAtA hai| jaise nIma kaTu hote hue bhI kisI ko rucikara lagatA hai aura kisI ko rucikara nahIM lagatA, kintu nIma kisI ko

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222 rucikara hone mAtra se apanI kaTutA choDakara madhuratA meM pariNata nahIM ho jaataa| . dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA hai, 'jahA~ udvega yA kleza paidA hotA ho, usa sthAna ko dUra se tyAga kara denA caahie|' ata: rAga-dveSa ke mUla kAraNoM se bacanA Avazyaka hai| jaise-jaise prabala nimitta milate jAte haiM, vaise-vaise kabhI rAga kA palaDA bhArI hotA hai to kabhI dveSa kA palar3A bhArI ho jAtA hai| isalie rAga aura dveSa kI nyUnAdhikatA kA nApa tola karanA bahuta kaThina hai|245 vaidika paraMparA meM parazurAma ne kSatriya jAti ke prati tIvra dveSavaza ikkIsa bAra pRthvI ko kSatriya vihIna banAyA thaa| unakI pratijJA thI ki isa pRthvI para eka bhI kSatriyaputra nahIM rahanA caahie| parazurAma kA yaha dveSa kisI eka do kSatriyoM para nahIM apitu samasta kSatriya jAti ke prati thaa| roma kA samrATa nIro, hiTalara, musolInI, carcila, caMgeja khA~, nAdirazAha Adi aise krUra karmA hue haiN| jinakI dveSa buddhi pracaMDa rUpa meM sAmUhika narasaMhAra karane ko Atura thI, jise mAnavajAti kabhI mApha nahIM kara sktii| rAgabuddhi kI apekSA dveSabuddhi atyaMta bhayAnaka hai| prAya: rAga sImita rahatA hai, kintu dveSa bahuta zIghra baDhakara pracaMDa dAvAnala kI bhA~ti asImita bana jAtA hai| rAga yA dveSa meM nukasAnakAraka kauna? jisa vaibhAvika bhAva se AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta tIvra yA zIghra rUpa se ho use adhika nukasAna kAraka samajhanA caahie| rAga-dveSa se Atmika hAni hotI hai| jisa AtmA meM rAgadveSa jitane kama yA jyAdA hoMge, karmabaMdha utanA tIvra-maMda rasa tathA nyUnAdhika sthiti vAlA hogaa| tIvra rAga vRtti se aura tIvra dveSa vRtti se tIvra karmabaMdha hotA hai| ata: donoM kA tIvra baMdha nukasAnakAraka evaM hAnikAraka hai, phira bhI donoM kI hAnikAraka mAtrA kA hisAba lagAne para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAgavRtti kI apekSA dveSavRtti adhika hAnikAraka hai| dveSavRtti vAle meM raudra dhyAna kI tIvra krUra pariNati adhika hone ke kAraNa usakI lezyAe~ azubha se azubhatara banatI jAtI haiN| yadyapi rAga-bhAva jIvana meM pratikSaNa karmoM ko nimaMtraNa detA hai, kintu usakI lezyAe~ itanI krUra aura ghAtaka nahIM hotii| dveSa dAhaka aura bhasma karane vAlA hai| agni ko zAMta karane ke lie jitanI sAvadhAnI rakhanI paDatI hai usase bhI aneka guNI adhika sAvadhAnI dveSa ko zAMta karane ke lie Avazyaka hai| dveSa, kSamA, samatA se zAnta hotA hai| ___ koI bhI dharmakriyAe~ tIvra rAga-dveSa ke pariNAma se kI jAye to unakA satva naSTa ho jAtA hai| jaise tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne vizvabhUti ke janma meM mAsakhamaNa kI tapasyA ke daurAna apane cacere bhAI vizAkhAnaMdI ko mArane hetu tIvra dveSa se prerita hokara niyANA (nidAna)

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223 kiyA thaa| ata: unakI vaha tapasyA usI bhava meM karma mukti kA hetu nahIM bana skii| - mana eka pakSI hai| rAga aura dveSa usake do paMkha haiN| jo use vikalpoM ke jagat meM uDAe le calate haiN| pakSI ke jaba paMkha kaTa jAte haiM to vaha uDa nahIM pAtA, usI taraha jaba rAga aura dveSa haTa jAte haiM to mana nirvikalpa-susthira ho jAtA hai|246 jaba yogI AtmA parAkrama dvArA rAga-dveSa kA parAbhava karane meM sakSama ho jAte haiN| to unake mana se viSamatA nikala jAtI hai, samatA kA abhyudaya hotA hai taba vaha aisI sthiti pA letA hai jahA~ usake lie sukha aura duHkha, hAni aura lAbha, jIvana aura mRtyu, iSTa aura aniSTa saba eka samAna ho jAte haiN| na lAbha se prasanna hotA hai aura na hAni se du:khI hotA hai| gItA247 meM aise puruSa ko sthita prajJa kahA hai| prazasta rAga rAga aura dveSa sarvathA tyAjya hote hue bhI jaba taka inakA sarvathA tyAga na kiyA jAe taba taka aprazasta rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karake prazastarAga apanAnA caahie| zubha -azubha pariNatI ke kAraNa 'niyamasAra' 248 meM rAga-dveSa bhI prazasta aura aprazasta batAye gaye haiN| - zubha hetu, zubhAzaya yA prazasta saMkalpa buddhi se kiye gaye rAga-dveSa kathaMcit iSTa haiN| arihaMta deva, nigraMtha guru aura zuddha dharma ke prati Atma kalyANa kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA rAga prazasta hai| merI AtmA kA kalyANa ho, mere karmoM kI nirjarA ho, merA saMsAra paribhramaNa kama ho aura merI AtmA kA vikAsa hokara mujhe zIghra mokSa mile, aisI pavitra bhAvanA se deva, guru aura dharma ke prati tIvra anurAga rakhanA aura prazasta bhAvoM se bhakti karanA, prazasta rAga hai| mokSa prApti kI bhAvanA rakhanA bhI prazasta rAga kahalAtA hai| deva ke prati prazasta-rAga 'pravacanasAra 249 meM kahA gayA hai- prazasta rAga jaba deva, guru aura dharma ke prati hotA hai taba kaSAya meM buddhi nahIM hotii| jaise gaNadhara gautama svAmI kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati prazasta rAga thA, jisameM saMsAra kI pada-pratiSThA yA laukika AkAMkSA kI koI kAmanA nahIM thii| unakI anurakti kA uddeza kevala apanA Atma kalyANa aura mokSa prApti kI icchA kA thaa| isalie eka kSaNa bhI prabhu mahAvIra se bichuDanA gautama svAmI ke lie asahaya thaa| yadi unakA rAga prazasta na hokara aprazasta koTikA hotA, to unheM janma maraNa ke cakra meM bhaTakanA pddtaa| guru ke prati prazasta rAga nigraMtha guru ke prati AcArya, upAdhyAya yA sAdhu-sAdhvI ke prati jo rAga-bhAva hotA hai usameM guru kA ziSya ke prati aura ziSya kA guru ke prati kalyANa kAmanA kA prazasta rAga hotA hai| jaMbUsvAmI ko apane guru sudharmAsvAmI para prazasta rAga thA, ata: jaMbUsvAmI bhI usI bhava meM mokSa gye|

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224 saddharma ke prati prazasta rAga __saddharma kA artha hai zruta evaM cAritrarUpa dharma athavA ratnatrayarUpa dharma yA dazavidha uttama dharma ke prati kalyANa kAmanA se prerita hokara zraddhA bhakti aura anurAga rkhnaa| aprazasta rAga aura unake prakAra . deva ke prati prazasta rAga lAne ke lie tathA kathita kudeva kA tyAga, guru ke prati prazasta rAga lAne ke lie tathA kathita kuguru kA tyAga tathA dharma ke prati prazasta rAga lAne ke lie, kudharma kA tyAga karanA jarUrI hai| vItarAga paramAtmA ke prati prazasta rAga jagAne ke lie sAMsArika rAga ko kSINa karanA hogaa| aprazasta rAga se kaSAyoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| sudeva, suguru aura sudharma ke prati prazasta rAga rakhane se kaSAya kI mAtrA kama hotI hai| 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' 250 meM jina zAsana premioM ke lie cAra prakAra ke anurAga batAye haiM- bhAvAnurAga, premAnurAga, majjAnurAga aura dhrmaanuraag| 1) bhAvAnurAga vItarAga paramAtmA kathita tattvasvarUpa kabhI asatya nahIM hotA, aisI zraddhA jahA~ ho use .'bhAvAnurAga' kahate haiN| jinendra bhagavAna ne jo kahA hai vahI satya aura niHzaMkita hai, aisI. taTastha zraddhA rakhanA bhAvAnurAga hai| 2) premAnurAga jina para prema evaM vAtsalya hai unheM bAra-bAra tattva evaM sanmArga kI mahattA samajhAkara sanmArga para saMlagna karanA 'premAnurAga' hai| 3) majjAnurAga jinake raga-raga meM, haDDiyoM meM aura majjA-taMtu meM saddharma ke prati rAga hai ve dharma se viparIta AcaraNa kabhI nahIM krte| jinheM ahiMsAdi dharma prANoM se priya ho, use 'majjAnurAga' kahate haiN| 4) dharmAnurAga sAdhArmikoM ke prati vAtsalya, guNIjanoM ke prati prema aura tyAgiyoM ke prati bhakti rakhanA 'dharmAnurAga' hai| . rAga-dveSa rahita hokara vItarAga bananA sarvottama hai, kintu vartamAna meM vItarAgatA kI prApti kaThina lagatI hai, phira bhI zanaiH zanaiH usa dizA meM kramaza: gati pragati karane kA puruSArtha jArI rakhanA caahie| vItarAgatA prApta karane kA lakSya rakhate hue aprazasta se bacakara jJAtAdRSTAbhAva kA satata abhyAsa karatI huI AtmA kramazaH sahI dizA meM agrasara ho to eka dina avazya vItarAgatA prApta kara sakatI hai|

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225 saMdarbha 1. karma saMhitA (zrutapremI sAdhvI yugala nidhikRpAzrI), pR. 168 2. Atma-tattvavicAra - (vijaya lakSmaNa sUrIzvarajI ma.), pR. 308, 309 3. karma prakRti (malayagirikRta TIkA), pR. 2 4. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra 14, a. 6, sUtra 26 5. pannavaNA sUtra (saMpA. madhukaramunijI), pada. 23, u. 1 / 6. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. madhukaramunijI), a. 23 gA. 2,3 7. aTThakamma..... aNtraaiyN| prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. madhukaramunijI), pada 21, u. 1, sUtra 228 8. Adyo jnyaandrshnaavrnnvedniiymohniiyaayussknaamgotraantraayaaH| ___ tattvA.sUtra (umAsvAtI) a. 8, sU. 5 9. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 56 10. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 15 11 jaina tattva svarUpa (yuvA. praNetA zrI. dhIrajamunijI ma.sA.), pR. 71 12. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 10, sUtra 1 . 13. jaina darzana- svarUpa aura vizleSaNa (deveMdramuni zAstrI), pR. 460 14. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 15. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 55 16. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 57 17. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 62 18. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya amolakaRSi ma.sA.), pR. 366, 367 19. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 65 20. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 21. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 89 22. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 23. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 93 24. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 25. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 142 26. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya amolakaRSi ma.sA.), pR. 369 27. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra 13

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226 28. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 145 29. tattvArtha rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhA. 1 pR. 44 30. zrI bRhada jaina thoka saMgraha (saM. jasavaMtalAla zAMtilAla zAha), pR. 127 31. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 122 32. zrI bRhada jaina thoka saMgraha (saM. jasavaMtalAla zAMtilAla zAha), pR. 127 33. zrI bRhada jaina thoka saMgraha (saM. jasavaMtalAla zAMtilAla zAha), pR. 127 34. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 122 35. zrI bahada jaina thoka saMgraha (saM. jasavaMtalAla zAMtilAla zAha), pR. 127 36. zrI bRhada jaina thoka saMgraha (saM. jasavaMtalAla zAMtilAla zAha), pR. 128 37. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR..122 38. tattvArtha rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhA. 1, a.1, sU. 9, pR. 44, sUtra 9 39. zrI bRhada jaina thoka saMgraha (saM. jasavaMtalAla zAMtilAla zAha), pR. 128 40. jJAna kA amRtasAra (jJAnamunijI ma.sA.), pR. 249-251 41. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), gA. 9, pR. 56 42. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 33/ gA. 4/ pR. 600 43. jaina tattva svarUpa (yuvA. praNetA zrI. dhIrajamunijI ma.sA.), pR. 365 44. prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 23/2 45. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra 6-7,11 46. mai suya ohI maNa kevalANI nANANi tattha minaannN| . karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), gA.4,pR.16 47. paMcavihe NANe paNapAte taM jahA- abhinibohiyaNANe.... kevlnnaanne| sthAnAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), sthAna 5 u. 3, sUtra. 463 48. matizrutAvadhimana:paryAya kevlaannijnyaanm| tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 1, sUtra 9 49. jaina darzanAtIla navatattve (jaina sAdhvI dharmazIlAjI ma.), pR. 630 50. Avazyakaniyukti (AcArya bhadrabAhusvAmI), gA. - 192 51. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 ( saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 16, 17 52. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 1, sUtra 14 53. zrutaM matipUrvaM dvayaneka dvaadshbhedm| tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 1, sUtra -20 54. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 18 55. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 18 56. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA.marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 18 57. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 19

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227 58. jaina darzanAtIla navatattve (jaina sAdhvI dharmazIlAjI ma.), pR. 443 59. duvihe nANe paNNatte ...... AbhinibohiyaNANe ceva suynaanne| sthAnAMgasUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI) sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra. 71 60. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 1, sUtra - 9, 10, 11, 12 / 61. mokSamArga (ratanalAla dozI), pR. 147 62. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 123 63. sAmAnya grahaNAtmako bodho darzana tadAbriyate'neneti drshnaavrnn| karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 64. dasaNacau paNaniddA...... dNsnnaavrnnN|| . karmagraMtha bhAga- 1(mizrImalajI ma.), gA. 9, pR. 55, 65. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (zrI. nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMta cakravatI), gA. 21 66. sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 2/4/105 67. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 57 68. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI megharAjajI ma.), pR. 123-124 69. Navavihe dIrasaNAvaraNijje....... kevaladarzana dNsnnaavrnne| sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), sthA. 9 sUtra - 668 70. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 33 / gA. 5,6 71. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra - 8 72. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 366 73. sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), sthAna. 9 sUtra - 668 74. cakSuracakSuravadhi kevalA naM nidrAnidrA pracalA.... sthAnagRddhayazca / . tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhAga- 2 a. 8, sUtra- 7 75. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 33 / gA. 5,6 76. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 365-366 77. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra - 6 78. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 59 79. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 33 / gA. 19. 20 80. prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada. 29 u. 2, sUtra 293 81. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra - 15 82. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 5 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), gA. 26 83. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 84. tattvArtha rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhAga- 2 a. 8, sUtra- 8 pR. 573

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228 85. karmasaMhitA (sAdhvI yugala kRpAjI), pR. 191 .86. sAyA veyaNijje ya asaayaaveynnijje| prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada. 23 u. 2, sUtra 293 87. veyaNiyaM pi ya duvihe sAyamasAya ca AhiyaM / uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 33, gA. 7 88. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra - 9 89. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 90. sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), sthAna. 8 sUtra - 488 91. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 366 92. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 124 93. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 94. prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 23/3/15 95. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 366 96. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka :pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 125, 126 97. bhagavatIsUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 6/3 98. prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 23/2/21-29 99. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 33/19-20 100. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 366-367 101. karmasaMhitA (sAdhvI nidhi kRpAjI), pR. 198-199 102. jainavijJAna (munizrI ratnasena vijayazrI ma.sA.), pR. 71 103. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 14/gA. 13 pR. 227 104. sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 2/4/105 105. mohaNijje NaM bhaMte! kamme katividhe paNNatte? goyamA duvihe paNNatte taM jahA...... crittmohnnijje| prajJApanAsUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada- 23 u. 2 106. mohaNijjaM pi duvihaM daMsaNe caraNe thaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvA. madhukara munijI), a.33/gA.8 107. sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 2/4/105 108. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a.33/gA. 9 109. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 5 (marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 65-66-67 110. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 126 111. caritta mohaNaM kammaM ...... taheva y| uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a.33/10

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229 112. prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada 23, u. 2 113. kamma kaso bhavo vA kasaM kasAyati // vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (saMpA. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIyA), gA. 1227 114. dazavaikAlika sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 8, gA. 38 115. anaMtAnubaMdhI samyakdarzanopaghAtI pratipatati / tattvA. sUtra (umAsvAti ), a. 8 / sUtra - 10 116. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma. ) pR. 126-127 117. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 5 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), gA. 18 118. gommaTasAra ( nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), pR. 283 119. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) ( nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI) la pR. 283 120. tattvA. sUtra ( umAsvAti), a. 8 / sUtra - 10 121. saMjjvalana kaSAyodaya yathAkhyAta cAritralAbho na bhavati / tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra - 10 122. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 5 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma. ), pR. 84 '123. tattvArtha rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ), 8 / 9-10 124. nokaSAya veyaNijje hAse aratI bhae soge duguMchA / prajJApanAsUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada- 23 u. 2 125. sthAnAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 7/549 126. Avazyaka sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), zramaNasUtra 4, pR. 39 127. prajJApanAsUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada- 23 u. 2 128. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 33, gA. 11 129. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma. ), pR. 128 130. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 33, gA. 21 131. jIvasya avaTThANa karedi AU haDivva NAraM / gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) ( nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), pR. 11 132. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta TIkA 1 ), pR. 2 133. nArakatairyagyonamAnuSa daivAni / - tattvArtha rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkadeva), a. 7., sUtra 10, pR. 575 -134. neraiya tirikkhAu..... AukammaM cauvvihaM // uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), a. 33, gA. 12 135. sthAnAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), caturtha sthAna, 3-4 pR. 438 136. prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI) pada 23, u. 1

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230 137. nArakatairyag yona mAnuSa daivaani| tattvArthasUtra (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), a.8, sUtra11 138. sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMkavRtti, patrAMka 306 kA sArAMza 139. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 7, sUtra 12 140. saccitra paccIsa bola (Aloka RSijI ma.), pR. 13 141. jJAtAdharmakathAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), prastA. pR. 29 142. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 128 143. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 2,a.2, sUtra 705 pR. 65, 66 144. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 3, gA. 12 145. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 1, gA. 1 146. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 129 147. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 367-368 148. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 129 149. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 33, gA. 12 150. prajJApanA sUtra (yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada 23, u. 2 151. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra 11 152. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 90 153. sudharma suvAsa (rAjendrakumAra sakhaparA), pR. 145 154. sthAnAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), caturtha sthAna, 7 pR.596 155. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 33, gA. 22 156. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 157. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 12, gA. 1 158. sthAnAMgasUtra TIkA, 2/4/105 159. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 33, gA. 13 160. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 368, 369 161. prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada 23, u. 2, pR. 293 .162. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra 12 163. samavAyAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), samavAya - 42 164. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMta cakravartI), pR. 22 165. prajJApanA sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada 23, u. 2, pR. 293 166. samavAyAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), sthAna - 42 167. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 95

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231 168. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 117 169. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 125 170. navatattva prakaraNam - 7 (devaguptasUri abhayadeva), bhASya sahita- 37 171. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 131-132 172. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 33, gA. 23 173. sthAnAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 2/4/105 174. karmaprakRti (malayagiri kRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 175. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 368-369 176. goe NaM bhaMte! kamme kaI vihe paNNatte? goyamA duvihe pannatte taM jahA uccAgoyeya nIccA goe y|| prajJApanAsUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), pada 23, u. 2, sU. 288 177. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra 13 178. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 33, gA. 14 179. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 132 180. vyAkhyAprajJapti (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), za. 8, u. 9 sUtra - 351 181. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 33, gA. 23 182. karmaprakRti (malayagirikRta - TIkA 1), pR. 2 183. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a.8, satra 14. a.6.satra.26 184. paMcadhyAyI (rAjamalajI), 2/1007 185. sthAnAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI), 2/4/105 . 186. jainAgama stoka saMgraha (saMgrAhaka : pra. paM. muni zrI maganalAlajI ma.), pR. 133 187. sthAnAMga sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI), sthAna- 10 dAnasUtra- 97 pR. 719 188. karma saMhitA (sAdhvI yugala nidhikRpAzrI), pR. 242 189. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. marudhara kesarI pra. pU. mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 145 190. bhagavatIsUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), 191. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 6, sUtra 26 192. jaina tattva prakAza (jainAcArya pU. zrI amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 369 193. tattvArtha sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 2, sUtra 4 194. jainatattvAdarza (vijayAnaMdasUri), bhA. 1, pR. 9 195. sarvArthasiddhi (pUjyapAdAcArya), a. 8, sUtra - 13 pR. 231 196. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 33, gA. 19 197. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga- 4 (jagadIzacaMdra jaina), pR. 22 198. gommaTasAra karmakAMDa (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMta cakravartI), pR. 437-591

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232 199. jainendrasiddhAMta koza (kSu. jinendra varNI), bhA. 2, pR. 4 200. dhavalA, pu. 1 / 1 / 1; 16 / 180 / 1 201. jaina darzana-manana aura mImAMsA ( muni nathamala ), pR. 302 202. jainendra siddhAMta koza (kSu. jinendravarNI), bhA. 3, pR. 167 203. badhyate'nena bandhana mAtra vA baMdha: / rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkadeva), 1.4.10.26.4 204. rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), a. 1/4/10/26/3 205. badhnAti badhyate'sau badhyate'nena baMdhanAmAtra vA baMdha: / rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), a. 5/24/1/485/10 206. tattvArtha sUtra ( umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra 2, 3 207. uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), TIkA a. 28, gA. 14 * 208. ThANAMgasUtra (abhayadevasUri TIkA), 1,4,9 209. dravyasaMgraha (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), 2, 3, 2 210. dhavalA (vIrasenAcArya), 10/4,2,4,21/52-4 211. gommaTasAra karmakAMDa ( nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), pR. 438-591 212. jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 319 213. 'sthityanubhAgayorhAnirapakaSaNaM NAma' / gommaTasAra karmakAMDa ( nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), pR. 438-591 214. jaina darzana meM karmavAda ( gautamamuni prathama ), bhAga- 2, pR. 63 215. niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti (kuMdakudAcArya), 34 . 216. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 4 ( jagadIzacaMdra jaina), pR. 23 217. dhaNNasya saMgaho vA sattaM / paMcAstikAyasaMgraha, 3/3 218. paMcAdhyAyI (pUrvArddha), 153 219. gommaTasAra karmakAMDa ( nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), pR. 38 220. jainendra siddhAMta koza (kSu. jinendravarNI), bhA. 1, pR. 363 221. sarvArthasiddhi ( pUjyapAdAcArya), 6/14/332 222. jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 320 223. dhavalA (vIrasenAcArya), 15/43/7 224. nAlaMdA vizAla zabda sAgara, pR. 1372 225. gommaTasAra karmakAMDa ( nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), pR. 438/591 226. jaina darzana - manana aura mImAMsA (muni nathamala ), pR. 321

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233 227. ThANAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvA. madhukara muni), 4/297 228. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga- 4, (jagadIzacaMdra jaina), pR. 25 229. jainendra siddhAMta koza (kSu. jinendravarNI), bhA. 1, pR. 435 230. rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), 2/1/1/100/10 231. sarvArthasiddhi (pUjyapAdAcArya), 2/1/149/5 232. gommaTasAra karmakAMDa (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMta cakravartI), pR. 440/593 233. Arhat darzana dIpikA, pR. 89 234. dhavalA (vIrasenAcArya), 6/1-9-9/22/427/9 235. anekAMtavAda- pravacanakAra pU. yugabhUSaNavijayajI, pR. 75 236. yogadarzana tathA yoga viMzikA (paM. sukhalAlajI), prastA. pR. 54 237. jaina dharma aura darzana (muni nathamala), pR. 265 238. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 321 239. suttAgame (ThANAMgasUtra) saMpupphabhikSu bhAga- / sthAna- 2, u. 4, pR. 200 240. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 32, gA.- 7 241. suttAgame (samavAya), bhA. 1, sa: 2, pR. 317 242. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 30, gA.-1 243. jaina darzana ke nava tattva (jaina sAdhvI DaoN. dharmazIlA ma.), pR. 293 244. 'karmasaMhitA' (sAdhvI yugala nidhikRpAzrI), pR. 266 245. dazavaikAlika sUtra 246. jJAnArNava (sAdhvI DaoN. darzanalatA), 21/27 pR. 152 247. zrImadgItA, 2/56,57 248. niyamasAra (kuMdakuMdacArya) 249. pravacanasAra (kuMdakuMdacArya) 250. bhagavatI ArAdhanA

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paMcama prakaraNa karmoM kI prakriyA

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234 236 236 236 237 237 238 238 238 241 245 246 246 246 paMcama prakaraNa karmoM kI prakriyA karma pudgala jIva ko parataMtra banAte haiM jIva ko parataMtra banAnevAlA zatru : karma karma vijetA : tIrthaMkara karma baMdha kA vyutpati labhya artha AtmA zarIra saMbaMdha se puna: puna: karmAdhIna jIva kaba svataMtra aura parataMtra karma jIva ko kyoM parataMtra banAtA hai ? karmoM dvArA jIvoM kA parataMtrIkaraNa sukha-duHkha jIva ke karmAdhIna mithyAtvI AtmA meM tapa tyAga kI bhAvanA kaise? pratyeka AtmA svayaMbhU zakti saMpanna hai AtmA kI icchA binA karma paravaza nahIM hote AtmA kA svabhAva svataMtra karmarAja kA sarvatra sArvabhauma rAjya karmarUpI vidhAtA kA vidhAna aTala hai karma : zaktizAlI anuzAstA mukti na ho taba taka karma chAyA kI taraha karma kA niyama aTala hai karmoM ke niyama meM koI apavAda nahIM jar3a karma pudgala meM bhI asIma zakti karma zakti se prabhAvita jIvana karma aura AtmA donoM meM prabala zaktimAna kauna ? karma zakti ko parAsta kiyA jA sakatA hai Atma zakti, karma zakti se adhika kaise? karma mUrtarUpa yA amUrta AtmA guNarUpa karma ko mUrta rUpa na mAnane kA kyA kAraNa ? gaNadharavAda meM karma mUrta hai yA amUrta mUrta kA lakSaNa aura upAdAna SaDdravyoM meM pudgalAstikAya hI mUrta hai 247 247 248 249 249 249 250 250 251 252 253 254 254 254 255 256

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235 256 gaNadharavAda meM karma kI mUrtatva siddhi 256 jaina dArzanika graMthoM meM karma kI mUrtatA siddhi Apta vacana se karma mUrta rUpa siddha hotA hai 257 karmoM ke rUpa karma, vikarma aura akarma 257 kyA sabhI kriyAe~ karma hai ? 258 paccIsa kriyAe~ : svarUpa aura vizeSatA 258 sAMparAyika kriyAe~ hI baMdhakAraka, airyApathika nahIM 259 kriyA se karma kA Agamana avazya, sabhI karma baMdhakAraka nahIM 259 karma aura akarma kI paribhASA 260 baMdhaka, abaMdhaka karma kA AdhAra bAhya kriyAe~ nahIM 260 abaMdhaka kriyAe~ rAgAdi kaSAyayukta hone se baMdhakAraka 261 sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ akarma ke badale karmarUpa banatI haiM 261 karma kA artha kevala pravRtti nahIM, akarma kA artha nivRtti nahIM 262 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi se pramAda karma, apramAda akarma 262 sakaSAyI jIva hiMsAdi meM apramatta hone para bhI pApa kA bhAgI 263 karma aura vikarma meM aMtara 264 bhagavadgItA meM karma, vikarma aura akarma kA svarUpa 265 bauddha darzana meM karma, vikarma aura akarma vicAra 266 kauna se karmabaMdha kAraka, kauna se abaMdhakAraka ? tInoM dhArAoM meM karma, vikarma aura akarma meM samAnatA karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 267 zubha karma : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa 268 azubha karma : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa 268 zubhatva aura azubhatva ke nirNaya kA AdhAra bauddha darzana meM zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra 269 vaidika dharmagraMthoM meM zubhatva kA AdhAra : Atmavat dRSTi 270 jaina dRSTi se karma ke ekAMta zubhatva kA AdhAra : Atmatulya dRSTi 271 zuddha karma kI vyAkhyA 271 zubha azubha donoM ko kSaya karane kA krama 272' azubha karma se bacane para zeSa zubha karma prAya: zuddha banate haiM 272 saMdarbha-sUcI 274 266 266

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236 paMcama prakaraNa karmoM kI prakriyA karma pudgala jIvako parataMtra banAte haiM - jaina darzana meM jIvana aura jagata ke saMcAlana ke saMbaMdha meM chaha dravya mAne jAte haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, jIvAstikAya aura pudglaastikaay| tattvArtha sUtra aura samayasAra meM bhI ina chaH dravyoM kA varNana AtA hai| ina sabhI dravyoM kA apanA-apanA pRthak-pRthak svabhAva hai| inakA apanA svabhAva kabhI nirmUla nahIM hotaa| vibhAva hI svabhAva ko vikRta aura AvRta karatA hai| use svabhAva ke pragaTIkaraNa meM bAdhaka banatA hai| kintu vaha kisI dravya ke svabhAva ko nirasta nahIM kara sakatA, na hI sarvathA lupta yA vinaSTa karatA hai| pUrvokta chaha dravyoM meM se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya to AtmA se svabhAvata: alipta aura taTastha haiN| ye jIva kI gati, sthiti, avakAza aura samayAdi vyavahAra meM sahAyaka nimitta banate haiM, kintu jIva ko bA~dhane aura parataMtra banAne kA inakA svabhAva yA sAmarthya nahIM hai| isake viparIta aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIva aura pudgala donoM meM caitanyazIla jJAnavAna jIva hI hai, pudgala to jar3a aura jJAnazUnya hai, isalie jIva (AtmA) jaba apane svabhAva ko bhUlakara parabhAva yA vibhAva meM ramaNa karatA hai, use hI apanA svabhAva samajhatA hai aura mana, vacana, kAyA meM pravRtta hotA hai, taba karma pudgala para hAvI ho jAte haiM aura usake Atma pradezoM ke sAtha cipaka jAte haiM aura jIva ko parataMtra evaM vikRta kara dete haiN| jIva ko parataMtra banAnevAlA zatru : karma padmanaMdi ne paMcaviMzatikA meM kahA hai- 'dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya merA ahita nahIM krte| ye cAroM gamanAdi kAryoM meM merI sahAyatA karate haiN| eka pudgala dravya hI karma aura nokarma rUpa hokara mere samIpa rahate haiN| yaha bA~dhane meM, jakar3ane aura parataMtra banAne vAlA merA zatru hai| ata: maiM aba usa karmarUpI zatru ko bheda-vijJAnarUpI talavAra se vinaSTa karatA hU~' / 3 samayasAra meM kahA hai- jIva ke lie karma saMyoga aisA hai jaisA sphaTika ke lie tmaalptr|4 karma vijetA : tIrthaMkara arihaMtoM, tIrthaMkaroM ke lie AgamoM tathA unakI vyAkhyAoM evaM graMthoM meM yatra-tatra karmarUpI ari-zatruoM ko naSTa karane vAlI, karma zatru kA dhvaMsa karane vAle kahA gayA hai|5

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237 vastuta: karmoM ko 'baMdhavihANe' (baMdhavijJAna) meM AtmA ke jJAna, darzana, cAritra, AnaMda evaM zaktirUpI dhana ko luTanevAle lUTere kahA hai|6 karma baMdha kA vyutpati labhya artha karmabaMdha kA vyatpattimUlaka artha karate hue 'baMdhavihANa' meM kahA gayA hai- 'jo bA~dha detA hai arthAt parataMtratA meM DAla detA hai, vaha (karma) baMdha hai'|7 . 'karma' kA artha batAte hue Apta parIkSA meM isa prakAra kahA hai ki, jo jIva ko parataMtra karate haiM athavA jIva jinake dvArA parataMtra kiye jAte haiM, ve karma kahalAte haiN| karmavijJAna marmajJoM ne karmAdhIna athavA karma vipAka paravazatA ko bhalIbhA~ti jAna liyaa| isalie ve kahate haiM- 'duHkha to tIrthaMkaroM, jJAnIpuruSoM aura nigraMtha muniyoM para bhI Ate haiM; paraMtu ve yaha jAnate haiM ki sArA saMsAra karma vipAka ke AdhIna hai, na to duHkha pAkara dIna banate haiM aura na hI sukha ko pAkara vismita hote haiN'| hIna sthAna kyA hai? isa para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki, 'saMsArI jIva kA zarIra hI hIna sthAna hai| kyoMki yaha zarIra hI duHkha (karmotpatti) kA kAraNa hai| jaise kArAgAra duHkha prada hone ke kAraNa hInasthAna mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra karmoM ke kAraNa prApta yaha zarIra bhI hIna sthAna hai|9 mahAbaMdhoM meM bhI yaha darzAyA hai|10 AtmA zarIra saMbaMdha se punaH puna: karmAdhIna zarIra se saMbaddha sajIva nirjIva para padArthoM ke prati rAgadveSAviSTa yA kaSAyAviSTa hotA hai| ata: puna: puna: karmabaMdhana se baddha hokara parataMtra banatA hai| isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki, karmoM ke dvArA jIva bAra-bAra parataMtra aura vivaza kara diyA jAtA hai|11 tattvArtha rAjavArtika meM batAyA gayA hai ki, vaha (karma) AtmA ko parataMtra karane meM mUla kAraNa hai|12 Apta parIkSA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki, karma jIva ko parataMtra karane vAle haiN|13 niSkarSa yaha hai ki, jIva kI karma parataMtratA kA Adi biMdu zarIra hai| AtmA ke sAtha zarIra kA saMyoga hone se hI karma AtmA ko prabhAvita kara lete haiN| jahA~ zarIra hai, vahA~ vItarAga na hone taka rAga-dveSa ke pariNAma AtmA ke sAtha juDA rahatA hai| rAga-dveSa kI dhArA satata pravAhita hotI rahane se AtmA meM karmayogya pudgala AkarSita hote haiM, karma paramANu jur3ate haiN| AtmA ke sAtha zarIra hai vahA~ taka mAnava eka yA dUsare prakAra se prabhAvita aura parataMtra rahatA hai| yaha paudgalika zarIra hI saMsArastha prANI kI parataMtratA kA dyotaka hai| isa parataMtratA kA mUla kAraNa karma hai| ata: jaba taka zarIra hai, taba taka AtmA svataMtra nahIM, karma parataMtra rahatA hai|

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238 jIva kaba svataMtra aura parataMtra ? vastutaH dekhA jAye to zuddha caitanya ke kAraNa jIva meM svataMtratA kI dhArA sadaiva pravAhita rahatI hai, kintu jaba vaha caitanya, rAga dveSAdiyukta hotA hai to, parataMtratA kI dhArA bhI sAthasAtha pravAhita hotI rahatI hai| isalie chadmastha jIva (AtmA) meM ina donoM hI pakSoM- svataMtratA aura parataMtratA kA saMgama banA rahatA hai| use kisI eka pakSa meM bA~TA nahIM jA sakatA / zarIra, karma aura rAga-dveSa se ba~dhA hone ke kAraNa jIva svataMtratA kI apekSA parataMtratA kA adhika anubhava karatA hai| isa prakAra parataMtratA ke kAraNa usakI svataMtratA Tika nahIM paatii| svataMtratA calatI hai, para parataMtratA AvRta kara detI hai, paraMtu pUrNatayA nahIM / 14 jinavANI vizeSAMka meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai / 15 karma jIva ko kyoM parataMtra banAtA hai ? karma jIva (AtmA) ko parataMtra kyoM banAtA hai? isa viSaya meM gaharAI se vicAra karane para spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki, AtmA kA svabhAva jJAna, darzana, cAritra, sukha aura zaktisaMpanna hai| AtmA (jIva) jaba jJAnAdi svabhAva yA svarUpa ko choDakara, vismRta karake rAga-dveSa, kAma, krodha, lobha, ahaMkAra, mAyA-kapaTa, viSayAsakti Adi para bhAvoM yA vibhAvoM meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai; taba una vaibhAvika pariNAmoM se karma pudgala AkRSTa hokara baMdha jAte haiM / 16 jainAcArya kuMdakuMda ke zabdoM meM- 'jaba AtmA apane svabhAva ko choDakara rAgadveSAdi pariNAmoM (vibhAvoM) se yukta hokara zubha yA azubha kAryoM (yogoM) meM pravRtta hotI hai, taba karmarUpI ra jJAnAvaraNIyAdi rUpa se usameM praviSTa ho jAtI hai'| aisI sthiti meM AtmA nija svarUpa ko bhUla jAtI hai, vibhAvoM ke kAraNa vimUr3ha hokara karmAdhIna bana jAtI hai| saMkSepa meM kahe to Atma-vismRti se yA svabhAva kI vismRti se karma AtmA ko parataMtra banA detA hai| yaha parataMtratA jaba adhikAdhika jaTila hotI hai, taba use svabhAva kA bhAna nahIM hotA; tathA vaha karma ke pAza meM jakaDane vAle mithyAtvAdi mUla kAraNoM ko choDane kA parAkrama nahIM krtaa| jaba taka AtmA saMvara aura nirjarA dvArA Ane vAle karmoM ko sthagita aura pUrvabaddha karmoM ko kSINa nahIM kara detI, taba taka AtmA kI karma parataMtratA miTa nahIM sakatI / karmoM dvArA jIvoM kA parataMtrIkaraNa jJAnAvaraNIya karma AtmA kA mUla lakSaNa upayoga hai / 17 upayoga ke do bheda haiM- sAkAra aura anAkAra / sAkAra upayoga ko jJAna aura anAkAra upayoga ko darzana kahA gayA hai| yahA~ para sAkAra kA artha savikalpa hai aura anAkAra kA artha nirvikalpa hai| jo upayoga vastu ke vizeSa aMza

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239 ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha savikalpa hai aura jo upayoga sAmAnya aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha nirvikalpa hai| isa prakAra AtmA kI jJAna zakti aura darzana zakti donoM asIma anaMta haiN| saMsArI chadmastha AtmA kI jJAnazakti aura darzanazakti donoM hI AvaraNa se mukta nahIM haiN| eka ora jJAnAvaraNIya karma chAyA huA hai, dUsarI ora darzanAvaraNIya krm| AtmA kI anaMta (asIma) jJAnazakti kisa prakAra AvRta hai ? isa saMbaMdha meM gommaTasAra meM18 eka upamA dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai ki, jisa prakAra kisI ke netra para kapaDe kI paTTI bA~dha dene se use kisI vastu kA vizeSa jJAna nahIM ho paataa| usI prakAra AtmA ke asIma jJAna para jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA AvaraNa lagA huA hai athavA darpaNa khulA ho (AvaraNa rahita ho yA dhuMdhalA na ho) to usameM pratyeka vyakti apanA pratibiMba hUbahU dekha sakatA hai, paraMtu usa para pardA par3A ho athavA vaha dhuMdhalA ho to usameM pratibiMba yathArtha rUpa se nahIM dikhAI de sktaa| isI prakAra AtmArUpI darpaNa para jJAnAvaraNIya karmarUpI pardA paDA hone se AtmA kA asIma jJAna pragaTa nahIM ho paataa| samyagjJAna kA adhikAMza bhAga Avata ho jAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki, saMsArI chadmastha AtmA kA svabhAva jJAnAvaraNIya karma se AvRta hai| usakA jJAnakarma parataMtra hai, svataMtra nahIM hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma isI prakAra saMsArastha AtmA kI darzanazakti bhI svataMtra nahIM hai| vaha bhI darzanAvaraNIya karma se AvRta hai| AtmA kI darzanazakti kisa prakAra AvRta hai ? ise bhI gommaTasAra meM eka rUpaka dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai - eka vyakti rAjA se sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhatA thaa| rAjasabhA ke dvAra para Akara jaba vaha rAjA se milane ke lie sIdhA praveza karane lagA, tabhI dvArapAla ne use roka diyaa| isI prakAra saMsArI chadmastha AtmA ke darzana svabhAva ko darzanAvaraNIya karmarUpI dvArapAla roke hue haiN| ata: darzana AvRta hone ke kAraNa vaha bhI parataMtra hai, karmAdhIna mohanIya karma saMsArI chadmastha AtmA kI samyakdarzana aura samyakcAritra ina donoM kI zakti bhI avaruddha hai, kuMThita hai| mohanIya karma isa AtmA ke sAtha aisA lagA huA hai ki, usane manuSya kI samyagdRSTi aura samyakcAritra donoM ko viparyasta evaM vikRta kara diyA hai| AtmA ko parataMtra banAkara duHkhI karane meM sabase pramukha sthAna mohanIya karma kA hai| mohanIya karma ke kAraNa jIva kA jJAna ajJAna rUpa bana jAtA hai| jIva apane svarUpa meM sthita na hokara krodhAdi vikRta avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| darzanamohanIya karma ke kAraNa deva, guru, dharma, zAstra tathA tattvoM ke viSaya meM samyakzraddhA se vaMcita rahatA hai|

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240 mohanIya karma ne ghAti karmabaddha saMsArI jIva ko itanA parataMtra banA diyA ki, apane svarUpa kA tathA svarUpa kI prApti kA nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM se yathArtha bhAna nahIM ho paataa| isa karma ke kAraNa na to jIva Atmadarzana kara pAtA hai aura na hI kalyANamArga meM lagatA hai| kaSAyAviSTa tathA rAgadveSAviSTa hokara vaha bAra-bAra moha mUrchita hokara yA dRSTi viparyAsa ke kAraNa AtmA se saMbaMdhita pratyeka guNa evaM svabhAva ko viparIta rUpa meM jAnatA mAnatA hai athavA dRSTi samyak ho to bhI rAga-dveSa kaSAyAdi ke Avega ke kAraNa usakI cAritra pAlana kI zakti avaruddha ho jAtI hai| yaha mohanIya karma hai, jo AtmA ko dIrghakAla taka parataMtra banAye rakhatA hai| gommaTasAra meM ise madyapAna kI upamA dekara samajhAyA hai ki, jisa prakAra madirA piyA huA manuSya apanA bhAna bhUla jAtA hai, vaha madya ke naze meM cUra hokara na to kisI vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA nizcaya kara sakatA hai, na hI usakI ceSTA yA vyavahAra sahI hotA hai| isI prakAra usakI dRSTi, samajha, AcaraNa yA vyavahAra sabake saba viparIta ho jAte haiN|20 isI prakAra mohanIya karmarUpI madya meM moha mUDha hokara vyakti na to apanI AtmA ke svabhAva ko samajha sakatA hai aura na hI tadanurUpa, nizcaya tathA samyak cAritra rUpa vyavahAracAritra kA pAlana kara pAtA hai| prAya: chadmastha jIva mohamadya se mUrcchita hai| usakI cetanA pramatta hai, mohakarma parataMtra hai| aMtarAya karma ___AtmA kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai- anaMtazakti sNpnntaa| vaha zakti kramaza: pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya (parAkrama) / saMsArI jIva kI isa viziSTa asIma Atmazakti ko aMtarAya karma prakaTita nahIM hone detaa| yaha karma pratyeka kArya meM vidhna upasthita karatA hai| dharma kArya meM tapa, sevA tathA deva, guru, dharma Adi kI bhakti meM bAdhA upasthita karanA aMtarAya karma kA kArya hai| isa karma ke kAraNa jIva zaktihIna evaM parAdhIna bana jAtA hai| aMtarAya karma itanA prabala AtmaguNa ghAtaka hai ki, vaha cirakAla taka AdhyAtmika dAnAdi kAryoM ko karane meM zakti lagane hI nahIM detaa|21 isalie karmazAstriyoM ne aMtarAya karma kI tulanA rAjA ke bhaMDArI se kI hai| rAjA dvArA prasanna hokara eka lAkha rupaye dene ke Adeza ko rukhA dikhAne para bhI use rupaye dene se manA karatA hai| isI prakAra AtmarUpI yA paramAtmarUpI rAjA kA amUka AdhyAtmika Adeza hone para bhI aMtarAya karmarUpI bhaMDArI usa zakti ke prakaTIkaraNa meM bAdhA upasthita karatA hai| isa prakAra aMtarAya karma AtmA kI zakti ko kuMThita karake parataMtra banA detA hai| yaha karma aneka varSoM taka kArya meM vyavadhAna

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241 utpanna karatA hai| isa prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura aMtarAyakarma ye cAra ghAti karma haiM, jo AtmA ke svabhAva, AtmaguNoM kA ghAta karate haiN| 22 sukha duHkha jIva ke karmAdhIna vedanIyakarma sAMsArika prANI ke jIvana ke do abhinna sAthI haiM- sukha aura duHkh| ye donoM janmamaraNa se sarvathA mukta hone taka jIva ke sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM, alaga nahIM hote| aisA nahIM hotA ki sadA sukha hI sukha rahe yA sadaiva duHkha hI duHkha rhe| sukha aura duHkha kA saMbaMdha vedana se hai| jIva agara kisI sajIva yA nirjIva padArtha ko lekara sukha kA anubhava (vedana) karatA hai to sukha hai, duHkha kA vedana karatA hai to duHkha hai| ye sukha aura duHkha kA vedana bhI karmAdhIna hai| vedanIya karma se ye donoM isa prakAra juDe hue haiM ki, vaha vAstavika Atmika sukha kA bhAna nahIM hone detaa| isake prabhAva se jIva sAMsArika sukha duHkha ko sukha duHkha athavA vastuniSTha samajhatA hai| vedanIya karma kI tulanA karmagraMtha meM madhulipta talavAra se kI gaI hai| eka tIkhI dhAra vAlI talavAra para zahada kA lepa lagA huA hai| usa madhu ke svAda ke lobha meM Akara eka vyakti usa talavAra para jIbha lagAkara zahada cATatA hai, paraMtu usa prakriyA se usakI jIbha kaTe binA nahIM rhtii| hitaiSI puruSa use isa madhu kA lobha choDane ko kahate haiM, kintu vaha kahatA hai- eka bUMda madhu aura cA~Ta luuN| eka-eka bUMda madhu ke lie vaha tarasatA hai| duHkha aura vipatti kI saMbhAvanA hote hue bhI vaha ise choDanA nahIM caahtaa| isI prakAra kA vedanIya karma hai, jo sukha aura duHkha donoM kA ghaTaka hai| manuSya kSaNika sukha ke lobha meM duHkha bIja sukha ko apanAtA hai| jAnatA hai ki, isa viSayasukha yA kSaNika sukha ke pIche janma maraNAdi ke agaNita duHkhoM kA aMbAra lagA huA hai, phira bhI vaha mohAMdha hokara choDatA nahIM hai|23 adhyAtmavettA AcArya kahate haiM ki, sukha bhogA jA rahA hai vaha duHkha kA bIja hai| sukhAzakti ghora duHkhajanaka asAtAvedanIya karmoM ko utpanna karatI hai| isa prakAra vedanIya karma jIva ko parAdhIna banAkara sAMsArika kSaNika sukha-duHkha ke jhUle meM jhulAtA hai| duHkhabIja sukha ke moha se manuSya jJAnI mahApuruSoM kI bAta ko nahIM maantaa| rAjavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki, sukha-duHkha kI utpatti meM karma balavAna hai|24 AyuSyakarma ___saMsArI jIvoM kA janma aura maraNa bhI AyuSya karma ke AdhIna hai| usake janma-maraNa kI DorI AyuSya karma se ba~dhI huI hai| vaha apane karmAnusAra janma letA hai| svakarmAnusAra

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242 maratA hai| AyuSya karma jaba taka pUrNa nahIM hotA, taba taka na to usakI mRtyu hotI hai, na hI usakA nayA jnm| janma mRtyu donoM hI karmAdhIna haiN| AyuSya karma kI tulanA karmamarmajJoM ne eka baMdI se kI hai, jisake pairoM meM beDiyA~ paDI haiN| sAMsArika jIva karmoM kI giraphta meM kaida to hai hI phira usake pairoM meM AyuSya karma beDI DAlakara use sarvathA parataMtra banA detA hai|25 nAmakarma nAmakarma ko citrakAra kI upamA dI hai| citrakAra nAnA prakAra ke citra banAtA hai|26 usI prakAra nAmakarma saMsAra meM sthita 84 lAkha prakAra ke jIva yonigata jIvoM ke vividha citra-vicitra zarIroM aura unase saMbaMdhita aMgopAMga kI racanA karatA hai| vahI mastiSka, mana, buddhi, citta tathA hAtha, paira, peTa, jIbha, kAna, nAka Adi aMgopAMgoM kA nirmANa usa-usa jIva ke karmAnusAra karatA hai| jIva kA zarIra AtmAdhIna nahIM hai vaha AtmA kI apanI racanA nahIM hai| AtmA apanA mana cAhA zarIra nahIM banA sktii| zarIra kA sRjana tathA zarIra se saMbaMdhita indriyA~ aMgopAMga mana tathA usakI AkRti, saMsthAna, majabUtI tathA zarIra se saMlagna indriya viSaya tathA mana se saMbaMdha yaza-apayaza, saubhAgya-durbhAgya Adi sabakI racanA nAmakarma ke AdhIna hai| dhavalA27 meM kahA gayA hai- nAma karmodaya se indriyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| tathA karmoM kI vicitratA se hI jIva ke Atma pradezoM kA saMghaTana kA viccheda hotA hai| dravyasaMgraha28 (TIkA) meM kahA gayA hai- jIva pradezoM kA vistAra karmAdhIna hai, svAbhAvika nhiiN| tattvArthasAra29 meM batAyA gayA hai ki, Urdhvagamana ke atirikta anyatra gamana rUpa kriyA karma ke pratighAta se tathA nija prayoga se samajhanI caahie| ___ nAma karma itanA zaktizAlI hai ki, koI bhI jIva usakI racanA kA prativAda nahIM kara sktaa| usake nirmANa ke adhIna parataMtra hokara use zarIra rUpI kArAgAra meM rahanA paDatA hai| ata: jIvoM ke zarIra aura usase saMbaMdha sArI racanA nAmakarma ke adhIna hai| koI bhI jIva isa viSaya meM svataMtra nahIM hai| gotrakarma gotrakarma ke sAtha mAnava kI sammAnIyatA, asammAnIyatA juDI huI hai| gotrakarma do prakAra kA hai- uccagotra aura nIcagotra / gotrakarma kA artha - kisI varNa yA jAti Adi se nahIM hai| usakA artha- lokadRSTi meM jIva ke acche-bure vyavahAra, AcaraNa aura kArya ke anusAra ucca aura nIca zabdoM se pukArA jAtA hai| jo jIva acchA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha abhijAta kahalAtA hai aura nIca kArya karatA hai vaha anabhijAta kahalAtA hai| yahI ucca

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243 nIca gotra karma kA Azaya hai| gotra karma ko kumbhakAra se upamita kiyA gayA hai|3degkumbhkaar bahumUlya aura kamamUlyavAle ghaTa Adi kA bhI nirmANa karatA hai| __ isI prakAra gotrakarma manuSya kI uccatA aura nIcatA kA dyotaka hai| isa prakAra jIva gotrakarma ke AdhIna hokara apanI svataMtratA ko bhI kho detA hai|31 gommaTasAra meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| karma jIva kI zaktiyoM ko vikRta banAtA hai AThoM hI karma AtmA ke sAtha baMdhakara usakI svAbhAvika jJAnAdi zaktiyoM ko vikRta kara DAlate haiN| 'samayasAra' 33 meM kahA gayA hai- 'jisa prakAra maila zveta vastra ko malina banA detA hai, usI prakAra mithyAtva, ajJAna aura kaSAya pariNamanarUpa karmamala jJAna, darzana, cAritra svarUpa zuddha AtmA ko malina kara detA hai|' paramAtma-prakAza35 meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki, 'karma AtmA ko pastaMtra kaske tInoM loka meM paribhramaNa karAtA hai|' dhavalAre meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki, 'karma AtmA kI jJAnAdi svAbhAvika zaktiyoM ko ghAta karatA hai aura use parataMtra kara detA hai tathA AtmA vibhAva rUpa meM pariNamana karane lagatI hai|' samayasAra36 paramAtmaprakAza37 aura tattvArtharAjavArtika38 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| AtmA kA svabhAva vikAsa : karmasvAbhAva avarodha AtmA sat cit AnaMda svarUpa hai, anaMtajJAna, darzana, anaMtazaktimaya hai| AtmA apane caitanya kA jJAna, darzana tathA Atmazakti kA vikAsa karane meM svataMtra hai| AdhyAtmika dizA meM jitanA bhI vikAsa huA hai usameM (AtmA) jIva kA svataMtra vikAsa spaSTa parilakSita hai| AtmA apane nijI guNoM kA vikAsa karane meM pUrNa-svataMtra hai|39 karma kA svabhAva AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa karanA nahIM hai| usakA svabhAva jIva ke jJAnAdi svabhAva ke vikAsa meM avarodha utpanna karanA, jIva ke mUla svabhAva ko vikRta karanA, jJAnAdi guNoM ko AvRta karanA tathA jIva ke jJAnAdi AtmaguNoM ke vikAsa ko bAdhita karake use parataMtra banAnA hai| koI bhI pudgala Atmika vikAsa meM mUla kAraNa nahIM bntaa| karma jIva ke nijIguNoM kA vikAsa karane meM bAdhaka banatA hai, isalie AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kartRtva meM vaha jIva kI svataMtratA para hAvI ho jAtA hai aura bAdhA DAlatI hai| phira bhI vikAsa isalie hotA hai ki, jIva (AtmA) kI svataMtra caitanyarUpa sattA hai, jJAnAdi svabhAva usakA upAdAna hai, vaha karma se pRthak hai| jJAnA kA vikAsa AtmA karatI hai, karma nahIM upAdAna vaha hotA hai, jo use dravya kA ghaTaka ho, jaise miTTI ghar3e kA upAdAna hai| usameM

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244 ghar3A banane kI yogyatA hai| kuMbhakAra Adi dUsare sAdhana, sahAyaka yA nimitta bana sakate haiM, upAdAna nhiiN| ghar3e ke rUpa meM parivartita hone vAlI miTTI hI ghar3e kA upAdAna ho sakatI hai, anya sAdhana nhiiN| isI prakAra AtmA ke jJAnAdi paryAyoM ke vikAsa ke lie AtmA hI ghaTaka hai| caitanya jJAna, darzana, AnaMda aura zakti ye AtmasvabhAva hI usake (AtmA ke) upAdAna haiN| AtmA meM vaha zakti hai, usakA svabhAva hai ki vaha jJAnAdi paryAyoM ko utpanna kara sakatI hai athavA unakA vikAsa kara sakatI hai|40 karma meM vaha zakti nahIM hai ki, vaha AtmA meM jJAna, darzana, AnaMda aura zakti tathA caitanya ke paryAyoM ko utpanna kara sake tathA jJAnAdi kA vikAsa kara sakeM, kyoMki ye saba karma ke svabhAva nahIM hai, AtmA ke svabhAva haiN| isa dRSTi se AtmA meM hI apane jJAnAdi svabhAva ke paryAyoM ko utpanna karane tathA vikasita karane kA svataMtra abAdhita kartRtva hai| jaina karma vijJAna se anabhijJa vyakti kadAcita-yaha kahe ki, karmoM ke kAraNa zarIra tathA zarIra se saMbaMdhita aMgopAMga Adi acche milate haiN| yaza milatA hai, manojJa padArtha milate haiM, iSTa vastuoM kA saMyoga prApta hotA hai| kyA yaha AtmA ke vikAsa kA pariNAma hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki, yaha saba AtmA kA vikAsa nahIM hai| ye saba karmopAdhika vastue~ haiN| paudgalika vikAsa hai| jo zubha nAma karma ke dvArA ghaTita hotA hai| nAmakarma yA koI bhI karma AtmA ke jJAnAdi svabhAva ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka nahIM, avarodhaka hai, kyoMki jJAnAdi guNa AtmA ke svabhAva haiM, karmoM kA svabhAva nahIM hai| AtmA hI apane jJAnAdi svabhAva kA vikAsa karatA hai|41 dUsarI dRSTi se dekheM to pratIta hogA ki, karma sAMsArika jIva ke sAtha juDA huA eka mAdhyama hai jo pratyeka jIva ko prabhAvita karatA hai paraMtu vahI saba kucha nahIM hai| yadi karma sabakucha hotA yA sarva zaktimAna hotA to vyakti karma ko kATane ke lie tapa, saMyama evaM tyAga kI ArAdhanA kyoM karatA ? karma kA svabhAva nahIM hai ki, vaha prANI ko tapa, tyAga, saMyama kI ora le jA ske| karmoM kA svabhAva hai, vyakti ko asaMyama, pramAda, bhoga kI ora le jaanaa| cAra prakAra ke aghAti karma mAne jAte haiM- vedanIya karma, AyuSyakarma, nAmakarma aura gotrkrm| ye cAroM hI AtmA (jIva) kA paudgalika vikAsa karAne vAle, use asaMyama, pramAda, mithyAtva, kaSAya evaM bhoga kI ora le jAne vAle haiN| Atmika vikAsa inase nahIM ho sktaa|42 Atmika vikAsa hotA hai- tapa, tyAga, saMyama aura apramAda se| zeSa cAra ghAtikarma- jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura aNtraay| ye AtmA kI jJAna aura darzana zakti ko AvRta karate haiN| mohanIya karma AtmA kI dRSTi aura cAritra

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245 kI zakti ko kuMThita karatA hai aura aMtarAya karma AtmA kI dAnAdi zaktiyoM ko avaruddha karatA hai| mithyAtvI AtmA meM tapa tyAga kI bhAvanA kyoM ? aura kaise ? ATha prakAra ke karmoM meM se koI bhI karma AtmA ko tapa, tyAga evaM saMyama kI ora jo samartha nahIM hai, tathApi karmoM ke kAraNa mithyAtva, asaMyama, (atyAga, bhoga) pramAda evaM kaSAya meM AkaMTha DUbA huA jIva tapa, tyAga, saMyama, niyama kI sAdhanA ke lie kyoM prerita hotA hai ? usake aMtakaraNa meM tapa, tyAga evaM saMyama kI bhAvanA kyoM jAgatI hai ? - isakA kAraNa karma nahIM, AtmA hI hai; AtmA kA svabhAva hI svayameva kAraNa hai| AtmA meM vizuddha caitanyazakti aisI hai jo ina vijAtIya tattva bAhya padArthoM se satat saMgharSa karatI hai| vahI caitanyazakti jIva ko parama vizuddha paramAtma avasthA taka le jAnA cAhatI hai| vaha AtmA ke sahaja saccidAnaMda svarUpa kI avasthA hai| pratyeka AtmA meM vaha caitanya kI antarjyoti satat jalatI rahatI hai, vaha kabhI bujhatI nahIM / usI kA prakAza jIva ko tapa, tyAga evaM saMyama Adi kI ora le jAtA hai / tapa, tyAga evaM saMyama, saMvara Adi kisI karma preraNA se nahIM hotA, ye hote haiM sacetana AtmA kI preraNA se / 43 karma acetana hai aura usase prerita vyakti saMyama bhoga Adi se Asakta ho jAtA hai| karma preraNA se jIva asaMyama bhoga Adi se parataMtra ho jAtA hai| isake bAvajUda bhI AtmA meM aMtarnihita zuddha caitanya kI jyoti tyAga paramArtha evaM saMyama kI ora le jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa karma nahIM, AtmA hai| AtmA meM svabodha kI svarUpa cetanA, AnaMda aura Atma zakti sahaja preraNA hotI hai| vahI use tapa, tyAga, paramArtha evaM saMyama kI ora le jAtI hai / yadi jIva meM yaha sahaja preraNA na hotI to, vaha tyAga, saMyama evaM paramArtha kI bAta kabhI nahIM soca pAtA na hI usa mArga kI ora kadama rakhatA / anAdikAlIna saMskAroM ke kAraNa jIva kI indriyA~ vizeSa bhoga, asaMyama svArtha evaM sukhazAMti priya hotI hai, phira bhI inheM tyAga, saMyama aura saMvara karane kI bhAvanA jAgatI hai| isakA kAraNa AtmA kA vaha sahaja jJAnAdi svabhAva hai| isa preraNA kA mUla srota AtmA hai| usameM caitanya kI eka zuddha dhArA satata bahatI raha hai| vaha eka kSaNa bhI rukatI nahIM, sarvathA lupta bhI nahIM hotI / caitanya dhArA sarvathA lupta yA avaruddha ho jAe to AtmA cetana se acetana bana jAegI, paraMtu aisA honA asaMbhava hai / jIva svataMtra bhI hai aura parataMtra bhI / jahA~ cetanA kA prazna hai, vahA~ vaha svataMtra hai aura jahA~ karma kA prazna hai, vahA~ parataMtra hai / jahA~ jIva cetanA ke sAtha yAnI jJAnAdi svabhAva ke sAtha hotA hai, vahA~ pUNaeN svataMtra hotA hai, kintu jahA~ parabhAva - karmavibhAva, kaSAyAdi ke sAtha hotA hai, vahA~ parataMtra hotI hai / vahA~ usakI svataMtratA AvRtta ho jAtI hai / 44

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246 pratyeka AtmA svayaMbhU zakti saMpanna hai paMcAstikAya meM AtmA kI svataMtratA aura parataMtratA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki, samasta AtmAe~ svayaMbhU haiN| ve kisI ke vazIbhUta (parataMtra) nahIM haiN| pratyeka AtmA apane zarIra kA svayaM svAmI hai| 'vItarAgadeva ke dvArA batalAye gaye mArga para calakara jIva samasta karmoM ko upazAMta tathA kSINa karake viparIta abhiprAya ko naSTa karake prabhutva zaktisaMpanna hokara paramavizuddha svarUpa mokSamArga ko prApta karatA hai|45 paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti TIkA meM bhI yahI bAta hai|46 AtmA kI icchA binA karma paravaza nahIM hote AtmA kI icchA (saMkalpazakti) ke binA karma Adi koI bhI sattA use na to apane AdhIna kara sakatI, na hI usake svabhAvoM para hAvI hokara AtmaguNoM ko AcchAdita vikRta kara sakatI hai| samagra jagata ke jIvoM kI karma parataMtratA jAnakara bhI AtmA cAhe to apramatta evaM samabhAva meM rahakara svataMtra raha sakatI hai|47 yaha satya hai ki, AtmA una icchAoM yA vAsanAoM ko samyagdRSTipUrvaka roka sakatI hai| AtmA kI svAbhAvika gati, mati, agnizikhA kI bhA~ti UrdhvagAminI hai, paraMtu svabhAva ke viruddha icchAe~ yA vikalpa uThate haiM, taba usakI gati mati adhogAminI ho jAtI hai| karma pudgala use jakaDa lete haiN| usakI svataMtra vikAsa kI Urdhvagati ko roka dete haiN| AtmavismRti yA jainapAribhASika zabdAnusAra pramAda ke kAraNa jaba AtmA bAhara bhaTaka jAtI hai, taba vaha bhAvakarma-dravyakarma ke vazIbhUta ho jAtI hai| karmoM para zAsana karane ke badale karma usa para zAsana karane laga jAte haiN| samayasAra kalaza meM kahA gayA hai, jahA~ taka jIva kI nirbalatA hai, vahA~ taka karma kA jora calatA hai| AtmA kA svabhAva svataMtra AtmA apane mUla svarUpa ko apramatta hokara jAnale, mAnale to usakI cetanA zakti atiprabala ho jAtI hai| ata: yadi vaha prabalarUpa se jAgRta ho jAe aura dRDha saMkalpapUrvaka jJAnabaddha ho jAe ki, mujhe yaha kArya kataI nahIM karanA hai, to phira saMskAra yA karma kitane hI prabala kyoM na ho eka jhaTake meM vaha unheM toDa sakatA hai| svataMtratA aura parataMtratA donoM sApekSa haiM, sarvathA nirapekSa nhiiN| jaise eka vyakti bhA~ga pI letA hai| vaha bhA~ga pIne meM svataMtra hai| icchA ho to pie, icchA na ho to na pie, kintu pariNAma svarUpa nazA caDhA, usakA phala to use bhoganA hI pddegaa| usakI icchA na hote hue bhI bhA~ga apanA camatkAra dikhAegI hii|48 ata: bhA~ga pIne meM vyakti svataMtra hai, paraMtu usakA pariNAma bhogane meM parataMtra hai| .

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247 bhagavadgItA meM isI siddhAMta kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| kahA gayA hai- 'terA karma karane meM adhikAra hai, arthAt kArya (karma) karane meM tU svataMtra hai, kintu usake phala meM terA adhikAra kadApi nahIM hai, arthAt usakA phala bhogane meM tU parataMtra hai / 49 1 ataH siddhAMta yaha huA ki jIva apane kartRtva meM svataMtra hai kintu phala bhogane meM parataMtra hai| arthAt- kartRtva kAla meM vaha svataMtra hai, kintu pariNAmakAla meM parataMtra hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki eka bAra karma karane ke pazcAt jo bhI pariNAma baMdhana A paDe, vaha jIvAtmA ko svIkAranA hI paDatA hai| karma karane meM manuSya svataMtra hai, isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki karma karanA, na karanA, kaise karanA, kaunasA karma na karanA? ityAdi vicArapUrvaka zuddha buddhi kA upayoga karake karma meM pravRtta hone meM manuSya svataMtra hai, paraMtu usakA phala bhogane meM vaha parataMtra hai| usakI icchA, phala bhogane kI na ho to bhI use vaha phala aniSchA se bhI bhoganA paDegA / 50 karmakartA kI jitanI svataMtratA karma karane kI hai utanI hI jimmebArI usa karma ke pariNAma bhogane kI hotI hai| kahAvata hai ki Freedom implies Responsibility jitanI svataMtratA utanI hI jimmedArI 51 isakA yathArthajJAna karmakartA ko rakhanA Avazyaka hai| kucha bhI karane ke bAda phira manuSya cAhe ki usakA phala na bhoganA paDe, yaha asaMbhava hai| - niSkarSa yaha hai ki rAgAdi pariNAmayukta karma baMdhakAraka parataMtrakAraka hai| IryApathika karma rAgAdi pariNAmoM se rahita zuddha niSkAma karma baMdha rahita hone se ve manuSya ko parataMtra nahIM banA skte| karmarAja kA sarvatra sArvabhauma rAjya karma saMsArastha pratyeka prANI ke sAtha lagA huA hai| saMsAra kI koI bhI gati, yoni, janma sthAna aisA nahIM bacA, jahA~ karma kA sArvabhauma rAjya na ho / saMsAra meM sarvatra abAdhagati se isakA praveza aura prabhAva hai| paMcataMtra 52 meM bhI kahA gayA hai- 'manuSyoM kA pUrvakRta AtmA ke sAtha-sAtha rahatA hai|' uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI kahA hai- 'karma kartA ke sAtha-sAtha anugamana karatA hai / '53 karmarUpI vidhAtA kA vidhAna aTala hai vizva ke isa vidhAtA kA vidhAna aTala hai| mAnava, dAnava, deva, devendra, narendra, dharaNendra, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, narapAla Adi yahA~ taka ki brahmA, viSNu, maheza, tIrthaMkara, paigambara, RSi, maharSi, avatAra Adi koI bhI isake daMDa se bace nahIM haiM, aura na hI sakate haiN| sabhI eka yA dUsare rUpa meM isake pAza meM jakar3e hue haiN|

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248 .. karmarUpI mahAzakti ko namaskAra karate hue bhartRhari ne kahA hai ki- 'jisa karma ne (vaidika purANoM ke anusAra) brahmA ko kuMbhakAra kI taraha brahmAMDarUpI bhAMDa (bartana) banAne meM niyaMtrita (niyojita) kara rakhA, jisane viSNu ko dasa avatAra grahaNa karane tathA sRSTi kA pAlana karane kA gahana kArya dekara ghora saMkaTa meM DAla diyaa| jisa karma ne rudra (mahAdeva) ko khappara hAtha meM lekara bhikSATana karane kA kArya sauMpa diyaa| jisa karma ke prabhAva se tejasvI aMzumAlI sUrya ko nitya hI gagana maMDala meM bhramaNa karanA paDatA hai, usa karma ko namaskAra hai|54 niSkarSa yaha hai ki, rAjA ho yA raMka, dhanika ho yA nirdhana, samrATa ho cAhe sevaka, dAsa ho cAhe svAmI, zramika ho yA azramika, nirakSara ho cAhe sAkSara, buddhimAna ho cAhe mUrkha, yuvaka ho yA bAlaka, yuvatI ho cAhe vRddha sabhI karma zakti ke Age natamastaka hai| karma : zaktizAlI anuzAstA ____ karma eka aisA pracaMDa zaktizAlI anuzAstA hai, jo apane kAnUna kAyadoM ko bhaMga karane yA maryAdAoM ko tor3ane vAloM ko daMDa detA hai aura zubha karma evaM paropakAramUlaka sukRtya karane vAloM ko puraskAra bhI detA hai| use pratyeka prANI ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdha karmoM kA lekhA jokhA rakhane kI jarUrata nahIM pdd'tii| usane pratyeka prANI ke kRta, bhukta aura kSINa karmoM ke saMskAroM kA saMcaya karane ke lie pratyeka prANI ko apanI ora se 'kArmaNa zarIra' nAmaka aisA sAdhana pradAna kara rakhA hai, jo usake dvArA kiye gaye, bhoge gaye yA kSaya kiye gaye samasta acche-bure kRta karmoM ke saMskAroM ko TelIpathI kI taraha usa para anAyAsa hI aMkita karatA rahatA hai| ve hI karmasaMskAra yathAsamaya udita hokara use daMDa yA puraskAra dete rahate haiN| bAhara dikhAI dene vAlA yaha sthUla zarIra (audArika yA vaikriya zarIra) rahe yA na rahe, paraMtu yaha kArmaNa zarIra (sUkSmatama zarIra) marate yA jIte rahate hara samaya, pratikSaNa saMsArI jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai aura usakI samasta kAryavAhI kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa karatA rahatA hai| zAstA aura anuzAstA ke rUpa meM samaya-samaya para pratyeka prANI ko usake karma kA phala detA rahatA hai|55 hiMdudharma ke puraskartA gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI bhI kahate haiMkarmapradhAna vizva kari raakhaa| jo jasa karahI so tasa phala caakhaa||56 karma kA zAsana kahe yA anuzAsana vizva meM sarvatra sabhI baddha jIvoM para calatA hai|

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249 mukti na ho taba taka karma chAyA kI taraha vedapaMthI kavi siMhalana mizrajI ne kahA hai- 'Apa AkAza meM uDa jAeM, dizAoM ke parale pAra cale jAyeM, agAdha mahAsAgara ke tala meM jAkara baiTha jAyeM, kahIM bhI jAkara chipa jAyeM, jahA~ cAhe vahA~ pahu~ca jAe~ lekina Apane janma janmAMtara meM jo bhI zubhAzubha karma kiye haiM, unake phala to ApakI chAyA kI taraha Apake sAtha hI rheNge| ve Apako phala diye binA kadApi nahIM choddeNge|57 karma kA niyama aTala hai vizva ke pratyeka rAjya meM hara DipArTameMTa ko vyavasthita rUpa se calAne aura niyaMtraNa meM rakhane ke lie kAnUna kAyade hote haiN| samAja ko sucAru rUpa se saMcAlana aura niyamana karane hetu niyamoMpaniyama hote haiN| isI prakAra dhArmika kSetra meM bhI dharma saMgha ko suvyavasthApUrvaka calAne AcAra-saMhitA tathA samAcArI banAte haiN| isa prakAra vizva ke pratyeka prANI ke apaneapane acche-bure karmoM kA sArvabhauma tathA aTala niyama (kAnUna) hai| sArA vizva karma ke aTala niyama ke anusAra calatA hai, isameM thoDI bhI gaDabaDI nahIM hotii|58 karmoM ke niyama meM koI apavAda nahIM karma ke kAnUna kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM kisI bhI prakAra kI lAca, rizvata Adi nahIM cltii| vizva ke samasta kAnUna kAyadoM meM koI na koI apavAda Adi [Excepition of the Rule Proviso] dhArmika niyamoM aura AcAra saMhitAoM meM bhI utsarga aura apavAda hotA hai, magara karma ke kAnUna meM prAya: apavAda nahIM hotaa|59 jar3a karma pudgala meM bhI asIma zakti ___ sAdhAraNa vyakti yaha samajhatA hai ki, karma to pudgala hai, jar3a hai, unameM kyA zakti hogI? paraMtu yaha unakA bhrama hai| jar3a padArthoM meM bhI asIma zakti hotI hai| aNubama, paramANu bama bahuta choTA hotA hai, krikeTa kI geMda ke AkAra sA choTe se bama kA camatkAra to hama suna cuke haiN| hirozimA aura nAgAsAkI jaise do vizAla aura suMdara zaharoM ko bilkula naSTa bhraSTa kara diyA thaa| jar3a bama kA dhamAkA lAkhoM manuSyoM ke lie vinAzalIlA kA sRjana kara sakatA hai| aNubaMba AkAra meM bahuta hI choTA hotA hai, kintu zakti kI apekSA vaha sahasroM vizAla bamoM se adhika kArya karatA hai| aba to usase bhI adhika pA~ca sau gunI zaktivAlA hAiDrojana bama nikalA hai| bhautika vijJAna vettAoM ke prayatna se rAi ke dAne se bhI choTA bama bana rahA hai| vaha eka hI bama sAre vizva kA sarvanAza kara sakatA hai| isalie paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha meM kahA gayA hai- 'karma kI zakti AtmA zakti meM bAdhaka hai|'60

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250 samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai- karma kI balavattA se jIva ke rAgAdi pariNAma ajJAnapUrvaka hote haiN|61 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA gayA hai- (karmarUpa) pudgala dravya kI koI aisI apUrva zakti dikhAI detI hai, jisake kAraNa jIva kA kevalajJAna svabhAva bhI vinaSTa ho jAtA hai|62 bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM karma kI balavattA batAte hue kahA gayA hai- 'jagata ke sabhI baloM meM karma sabase balavAna hai| karma se baDhakara saMsAra meM koI balavAna nahIM hai| jaise hAthI nalinIvana ko naSTa kara detA hai, vaise hI karmabala63 samasta baloM ko mardana kara detA hai| paramAtmaprakAza meM bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai- karma hI isa paMgU AtmA ko tInoM loka meM paribhramaNa karAtA hai| karma balavAna haiN| use vinaSTa karanA baDA kaThina hai| ve cikane, bhArI aura vajra ke samAna durbheda hote haiN|64 ___ karmazakti ke sammukha manuSya kI bauddhika aura zArIrika zakti athavA jitanI bhI anya bhautika zaktiyA~ ve sabakI saba dharI raha jAtI hai| anya saba bhautika zaktiyoM ko karma zakti ke Age natamastaka honA paDatA hai| jainAgama, mahAbhArata Adi dharmagraMthoM sabhI isa tathya ke sAkSI haiM ki, karmarUpI mahAzakti ke Age manuSya kI sArI zaktiyA~ nagaNya haiM, tuccha haiN| karma zakti se prabhAvita jIvana karmazakti kI pratikUlatA yA vakradRSTi ke kAraNa hI carama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko sADhe bAraha varSa anekAneka asahya evaM bhISaNa upasargoM aura kaSToM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| manuSyoM, tiryaMcoM aura devoM ne unake jIvana meM yAtanAoM kA eka jAla bichA diyA thaa| yadyapi ve caturvidha zramaNa saMgha ke adhinAyaka evaM sarvesarvA the, kintu chadmastha avasthA ke daurAna saMgama deva dvArA ghora kaSTa diyA gyaa| eka gvAle ne unake kAnoM meM kIle Thoke / jaba ve anArya deza meM padhAre, taba to anAryoM ne unheM kaSTa dene meM koI kasara nahIM rkhii| una para zikArI kutte choDe gaye; jinhoMne unake zarIra meM se mA~sa noca-noca kara khaayaa| yaha saba pUrvakRta nikAcita karmoM kI avazyameva phaladAyinI zakti kA prabhAva thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana eka taraha se pracaMDa karmazakti se prabhAvita jIvana thaa|65 kalpasUtra66 bha. mahAvIra eka anuzIlana,67 bhagavatIsUtra,68 mahAvIracariyam69 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| . karma kI dazA aura gati atyaMta gahana hai| zrIkRSNajI ke bAlyakAla ke mitra sudAmA karma kI gahanatA ko abhivyakta karate hue kahate haiM- 'hama donoM eka hI guru ke ziSya, sahapAThI the kintu hama donoM eka hI guru ke ziSya, sahapAThI the kintu hama donoM meM tuma pRthvIpati ho aura maiM dAne-dAne ke lie mohatAja bana gyaa| isalie karma kI gati atyaMta gahana dikhAI detI hai|70

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251 karma kI gati ko baDe-baDe RSi, muni, mahAtmA aura avatArI puruSa bhI bhalIbhA~ti jAna nahIM ske| saMsAra meM jitane bhI duHkha, kleza evaM kaSTa dikhAI dete haiM, jo bhI azAMta evaM vikSubdha vAtAvaraNa dikhAI detA hai, una sabhI ke pIche karma kI gahana zakti aura gati kAma kara rahI hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM jo saMsAra meM sabhI choTe-baDe jIva karma ke prakopa se trasta haiM, duHkhI haiN| karmazakti kI vilakSaNatA vyakta karate hue eka kavi ne kahA hai sItA ko haraNa bhayo, laMkA ko jaraNa bhayo, rAvaNa maraNa bhayo, satI ke sarApa teM / pAMDava araNya bhayo, drupada sutA ke sAtha, satyabhAmA ko Darana bhayo, nArada milApa te // rAma vanavAsa gayo, sItA avisAsa bhayo / dvArikA vinAza bhayo, yogI ke durApa teM // baDe-baDe rAjA kete, saMkaTa sahe aneka / sohana bakhAnA, eka karma ke pratApa teM // karmazakti kA prakopa kA pariNAma hai| vastutaH karmazakti kA prakopa baDA bhayaMkara hai / 71 rAjavArtika meM karmazakti kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai- 'sukha - duHkha kI utpatti meM karma balavAna hai| cakSudarzanAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama se tathA aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke bala se cakSudarzana kI zakti utpanna hotI hai / 72 bhagavatI ArAdhanA batAyA gayA hai ki, asAtAvedanIya kA udaya ho to auSadhiyA~ bhI sAmarthyahIna ho jAtI haiM / 73 sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI samAdhAna dete hue kahA hai- prabala zrutAvaraNa ke udaya se zrutajJAna kA abhAva hai|74 samayasAra meM bhI isakA samarthana dete hue kahA hai- 'samyakadarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyak cAritra ke pratibaMdhaka kramazaH mithyAtva, ajJAna evaM kaSAya nAmaka karma haiM / 75 karma aura AtmA donoM meM prabala zaktimAna kauna ? prazna hotA hai- karma meM jisa prakAra anaMtazakti hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM bhI anaMta zakti hai| donoM samAna zaktivAle haiM phira kyA kAraNa hai ki, karma AtmA kI zakti ko dabA detA hai, AtmA ke svabhAva aura guNoM para hAvI ho jAtA hai? kyA Atmazakti karmazakti se Takkara nahIM le sakatI ? isakA samAdhAna dete hue kahA hai ki nizcaya dRSTi se AtmA meM anaMta zakti hai / 76 ve zaktiyA~ do prakAra kI haiM- 1) labdhivIrya (yogyatAtmaka) aura 2 ) karaNavIrya ( kriyAtmaka zakti) / vartamAna meM saMsArI AtmA meM yogyatAtmaka zakti to hai, lekina kriyAtmaka zakti utanI pragaTa nahIM ho sakI isalie vyavahAra naya se dekheM to vartamAna meM

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252 AtmA kI anaMta zakti bAdhita hai, avaruddha hai, AvRta hai, dabI huI hai| vaha pUrNarUpa se vikasita nahIM hai| AtmA kI zakti pUrNarUpa se vikasita hone para hI anaMta hotI hai| isa kAraNa AtmA prAraMbha meM alpazaktimAna hotA hai, kintu dhIre-dhIre manuSya janma pAkara jaba apanI una suSupta bAdhita yA AvRta zaktiyoM ko jagAtA aura vikasita karatA aura eka dina una zaktiyoM kI paripUrNatA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai taba vaha karmazakti kitanI hI prabala kyoM na ho vaha pachADa detA hai, paraMtu jaba taka apanI anaMta zakti ko paripUrNa vikasita nahIM kara letA, taba taka vaha alpazaktimAna hotA hai / usa daurAna karmazakti use bAra-bAra dabA sakatI hai, use bAdhita aura parAjita kara sakatI hai / 77 samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai- 'jahA~ taka jIva kI nirbalatA hai, vahA~ taka karma kA jora calatA hai| karma jIva ko parAbhUta kara detA hai / yaha nizcita samajha lenA cAhie ki, AtmA kI paripUrNa vikasita anaMta zakti karma se kahIM adhika prabala hotI hai / 78 jaise do munaSyoM, do ghor3e, do hAthI kI balavattA meM tAratamya hotI hai, arthAt eka anaMta mahAbalI aura dUsarA alpabalI yA durbala ho sakatA hai| jaba AtmA balavAn hotI hai to usake sAmane karma kI zakti nagaNya ho jAtI hai, aura jaba karma prabala hote haiM taba unake Age AtmA ko dabanA paDatA hai| isa tathya ko bhalI bhA~ti samajhane ke lie eka udAharaNa lIjie- jaba jIvakRta koI karma tapa, japa, tyAga, saMyama, dhyAna, cAritra sAdhanA Adi AdhyAtmika sAdhanoM se satpuruSArtha se naSTa kara diye jAte haiM, taba AtmA balavAna dikhAI detI hai, kintu jaba koI karma tapa, tyAga, saMyama Adi se kSINa nahIM kiye jAte yA vaha nikAcita karmarUpa meM baMdha jAte haiM to jIvAtmA ke chakke chuDA dete haiM, taba zaktizAlI karma use narakAdi durgatiyoM meM le jAkara yAtanAoM ke mahAsAgara meM paTaka detA hai / 79 jJAna kA amRta80 meM bhI yahI bAta hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya- gaNadharavAda meM kahA gayA hai- 'kabhI karma balavAna hote haiM aura kabhI AtmA balavAna ho jAtI hai| AtmA aura karma meM isa prakAra pUrvAparaviruddha Takkara hotI rahatI hai|' Azaya yaha hai ki, kabhI jIva kAla Adi labdhiyoM kI anukUlatA hone para karmoM ko pachADa detA hai aura kabhI karmoM kI bahulatA hone para jIva unase daba jAtA hai / 81 karma zakti ko parAsta kiyA jA sakatA hai| karmacakra kI anavarata gati se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki, pratyeka AtmA ke lie yaha krama zAzvata hI rhegaa| tapa, tyAga, saMyama aura samatva kI sAdhanA ke dvArA utkRSTa pAtratA pAkara AtmA karmacakra kI isa gati ko samApta kara sakatI hai| AtmA karmacakra meM grasta tabhI

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253 hotI hai, jaba vaha rAga, dveSa, moha, krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke Avega ke kAraNa karma baMdhanoM se baddha ho jAtI hai| vyakti cAhe to svayaM ko ina vikAroM se baMdhanamukta rakha sakatA hai| ___bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha saMdeza una karma mukti gaveSakoM ke lie parama preraka hai- 'AtmahitaiSI vyakti karmavarddhaka krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi cAra kaSAyAdi kA tyAga kara de|'82 krodhAdi kaSAya hI karmoM ke mUla srota haiN| jaba ye naSTa kara diye jAte haiM, to inakI nIMva para sthita karmarUpI prAsAda svata: hI dharAzAyI ho jAtA hai| AtmA meM svata: aisI zakti hai ki, vaha cAhe to karmacakra ko sthagita kara sakatI hai, svayaM baMdhana ko kATa sakatI hai| karma cAhe jitane hI zaktizAlI hoM AtmA usase bhI adhika zaktisaMpanna hai|83 jaise agni ke baDhate hue kaNoM ko rokA jA sakatA hai, vaise hI AtmA meM praviSTa evaM vRddhi pAte hue vijAtIya karma paramANuoM ko bhI rokA jA sakatA hai| Atma zakti, karma zakti se adhika kyoM ? sthUla dRSTi se dekhA jAye to pAnI mulAyama aura patthara kaThora mAlUma hotA hai, kiMtu pahAr3a para se dhArA pravAha bahane vAlA mulAyama pAnI bar3I-bar3I kaThora caTTAnoM ko bhI bhedakara unake TukaDe-TukaDe kara DAlatA hai| lohA pAnI se kaThora pratIta hotA hai, kiMtu usI lohe ko pAnI ke saMparka meM rakhane para vaha usa gaMja lage kATa ko nikAla detA hai| isI prakAra sthUla dRSTi se kaThora pratIta hone vAle karmoM ko AtmA ke tapa, tyAga, saMyama Adi zastroM se toDA jA sakatA hai| karma sthUladRSTi se balavAna pratIta hotA hai, kiMtu AtmA hI balavAna hai| AtmA kI zakti karma se adhika hai|84 vAstava meM AtmA ko jaba taka apane svarUpa aura zaktiyoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha karmoM ko apane se adhika zaktizAlI samajhakara unase dabI rahatI hai| aisI sthiti meM jaba AtmA apanI zakti ke srota se vismRta ho jAtI hai, taba karma usa para hAvI ho jAtA hai, paraMtu jaba AtmA ko apanI zaktiyoM kA bhAna ho jAtA hai, vaha bheda vijJAna kA mahAna astra hAtha meM le letI hai, taba AtmA karmoM ko dabA detI hai, naSTa kara detI hai| anaMta-anaMta tIrthaMkara aura vItarAga pathAnugAmI anekoM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI AtmA ne karmazakti para vijaya prApta kI hai| ve loga sacce karma vijetA banakara jana mAnasa ko yaha upadeza evaM saMdeza dete haiM ki, 'maharSigaNa tapa evaM saMyama ke dvArA pUrvakRta karmoM ko kSINa kara unheM parAsta karake samasta duHkhoM ko naSTa karane kA parAkrama karate haiN|85 unhoMne kahA hai, 'durjeya saMgrAma meM lAkhoM subhaToM ko jItane vAlA saccA vijetA nahIM, balki kaSAyAdi vikAroM ko jItane vAlA hI saccA vijetA hai' / pA~ca indriyoM (viSayoM ke prati rAga-dveSa) ko tathA krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM ke kAraNa azuddha banI huI durjaya AtmA aura usake durjeya karmoM ko jisane jIta

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254 liyA usane saba kucha jIta liyaa|86 yadyapi karma mahAzaktirUpa hote hue bhI puruSArthI jAgRta AtmA ke Age karma usakA bAla bhI bA~kA nahIM kara sktaa| ata: vijayI hone kA zreya anaMta AtmA ko hai| karma mUrtarUpa yA amUrta AtmA guNarUpa ___ karma zabda itanA gahana aura jaTila hai ki, usakA yathArtha rUpa aura svarUpa sahasA hRdayaMgama nahIM ho sktaa| vaise to jana jIvana ke mana, vacana aura kAya para 'karma' zabda caDhA huA hai| bhArata ke sabhI Astika darzanoM ne 'karma' zabda para apane-apane DhaMga se vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| paraMtu, pUrNa taTasthatA evaM niSpakSatA ke sAtha kahA jA sakatA hai ki, 'karma' ke rUpa aura svarUpa para jitanI gaharAI aura vaijJAnika DhaMga se vizleSaNa jaina darzana ne kiyA hai, utanA anya darzanoM meM nahIM miltaa|87 karma ko mUrta rUpa na mAnane kA kyA kAraNa? bhautikavAdI tathA cArvAka Adi pratyakSavAdI darzana apanI adUradarzitA ke kAraNa athavA kevala bAhyadarzitA, pratyakSadarzitA ko lekara karma ke rUpa aura svarUpa ko mAnanA to dUra rahA, karma ke astitva taka ko mAnane se inkAra karate haiN| 'karma ina carmacakSuoM se pratyakSa dikhAI nahIM dete, karma kA koI rUpa yA cinha unheM ina sthUla A~khoM se dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, kiMtu ve kucha zabda yA maMtra adRzya hone para bhI usake prabhAva yA kArya ko jAnakara use to pratyakSavat mAna lete haiN|' vidyut taraMge sthUla A~khoM se na dikhAI dene para bhI bhautika vijJAnI usake astitva aura svarUpa ko mAna lete haiN| vartamAna meM to vAyaralesa, Telivijana, TelIpriMTara, TelIphona Adi samasta dUrasaMcAra praNAliyA~ adRzya evaM avyakta hote hue unake dvArA hone vAle kAryoM ko dekhakara unake astitva aura svarUpa ko mAnate haiM phira sArA prANijagat karma ke dvArA saMcAlita kArya pratyakSa dRzyamAna hone para bhI karma ko mUrta-pudgala rUpa bhautika rUpa, pratyakSavat na mAnane kA kyA kAraNa ? gaNadharavAda meM karma mUrta hai yA amUrta ? gaNadharavAda meM bhAvI gaNadhara agnibhUti ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa yaha prazna pUchA hai ki, 'karma adRSTa hai- carmacakSuoM dvArA dikhAI nahIM detA, aise adRSTa phala vAlA karma kyoM mAnA jAe?' isakA samAdhAna batAte hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- 'kRSi vyApAra Adi kriyAoM kA phala adRSTa hai, phira bhI loga karate haiM aura unheM unakA phala avazya milatA hai| jo loga adharma ko adRSTa mAnakara azubha kriyAe~ karate haiM, unheM unakA phala (ve cAheM yA na cAheM) mile binA nahIM rhtaa|

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255 ata: zubha yA azubha kriyAoM kA phala karma adRSTa hone para bhI milatA hI hai| anyathA isa saMsAra meM anaMta saMsArI jIvoM kI sattA hI saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki adRSTa karma ke abhAva meM sabhI pApI anAyAsa hI mukta ho jAeMge aura loga adRSTa zubhakarma ko mAnakara dAnAdi kriyAe~ karate hogeM unake lie yaha saMsAra sImita raha jaayegaa| isase sAre saMsAra meM arAjakatA evaM avyavasthA utpanna ho jaayegii| yadyapi adRSTa (karma) ke aniSTa rUpa phala kI prApti ke lie icchApUrvaka koI bhI jIva kriyA nahIM karanA cAhatA, phira bhI isa saMsAra meM hiMsAdi azubha kriyA karane vAle atyAdhika loga aniSTaphala bhogate najara Ate haiN| ata: mAnanA cAhie ki, pratyeka kriyA kA adRSTa (karma) phala hotA hI hai| isa prakAra adRSTa (karma) ke zubhAzubha phala rUpa kArya ko dekhakara usake kAraNa ko mAnanA caahie|88 agnibhUti gaNadhara ne puna: zaMkA uThAI ki, zarIra Adi kArya mUrta hone se usakA kAraNa rUpa karma bhI mUrta honA caahie| bhagavAna ne kahA- maiMne kaba kahA ki, karma amUrta hai? maiM to karma ko mUrta hI mAnatA hU~; kyoMki usakA kArya mUrta hai| jaise paramANu Adi sUkSma padArtha A~khoM se pratyakSa dikhAI nahIM dete, phira bhI paramANu kA kArya ghaTa mUrta hone se paramANu bhI mUrta hai, vaise karma bhI mUrta hai| jo kArya amUrta hotA hai, usakA upAdAna kAraNa bhI amUrta hotA hai| jaise jJAna amUrta hai, to usakA samavAyI (upAdAna) kAraNa AtmA bhI amUrta hai| phira zaMkA uThAI gaI ki sukha-duHkha amUrta haiM, ve karma ke kArya haiM, karma unakA kAraNa isalie use amUrta mAnanA caahie| bhagavAna ne samAdhAna kiyA- 'yaha niyamaviruddha hai| jo mUrta hai vaha kadApi amUrta nahIM hotA aura jo amUrta hai, vaha kadApi mUrta nahIM hotaa| mUrta kArya kA kAraNa mUrta hotA hai, amUrta kArya kA amUrta, yaha siddhAMta hai| isa dRSTi se sukha-duHkha Adi amUrta kA samavAya Adi kAraNa athavA upAdAna kAraNa AtmA hai aura vaha amUrta hai| karma to sukha-duHkhAdi kA annAdi ke samAna nimitta kAraNa hai|89 mUrta kA lakSaNa aura upAdAna . jaina darzana meM karma ko paudgalika, bhautika athavA mUrta batalAyA gayA hai| mUrta kA artha hai rUpI yA paudgalika pudgala aura mUrta kA lakSaNa- jisameM varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza ho| ye hI cAra pudgala ke upAdAna haiN| amUrta kA artha hai- jisameM varNAdi na ho| AtmA amUrta hai| usake varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, AkAra, prakAra, zarIrAdi nahIM hote| AtmA kA maulika svarUpa evaM upAdAna hai- jJAna, darzana, AnaMda (Atmika sukha) evaM shkti| pudgala, pudgala hI rahate haiM aura cetanA, cetanA hI rahatI hai| donoM apanA maulika svabhAva aura svarUpa nahIM choddte|90 dhavalA meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai|91

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256 SaDdravyoM meM pudgalAstikAya hI mUrta hai dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, jIvAstikAya, aura pudgalAstikAya ina chaha prakAra ke dravyoM meM ekamAtra pudgala dravya hI varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza viziSTa hone se mUrtika hai| ata: karma mUrta siddha hone para unakI paudgalikatA (bhautikatA) to svayaM siddha ho jAtI hai| gaNadharavAda meM karma kI mUrtatva siddhi * gaNadharavAda meM karma ko mUrtatva siddha karane ke lie kahA gayA hai, karma mUrta hai kyoMki AtmA ke sAtha unakA saMbaMdha hone se sukha-du:kha Adi kI anubhUti hotI hai| jaise mUrta anukUla AhAra Adi se sukhAnubhUti aura mUrta zastrAdi ke prahAra Adi se du:khAnubhUti hotI hai| AhAra aura zAstra donoM hI mUrta haiN| isI prakAra sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAne vAle karma bhI mUrta haiN| jo amUrta padArtha hotA hai, usase saMbaMdha hone para sukhAdi kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| jaise aakaash| karma se saMbaMdha hone para AtmA sukha duHkhAdi kA anubhava karatI hai| ata: karma mUrta hai| jaina dArzanika graMthoM meM karma kI mUrtatA siddhi paMcAstikAya92 meM karmoM ko mUrta (paudgalika) siddha karate hue likhA hai- 'jIva karmoM ke phalasvarUpa sukha-duHkha ke heturUpa indriya viSayoM kA, mUrta indriyoM ke dvArA upabhoga karatA hai; isa kAraNa karma mUrta hai|' AptaparIkSA93 meM bhI isI kA samarthana kiyA hai, indriyoM ke viSaya sparza, rasa, gaMdha, rUpa aura zabda ye mUrta haiM aura unakA upabhoga karane vAlI iMdriyA~ bhI mUrta haiN| unase prApta hone vAle sukha-duHkha bhI mUrta haiN| ata: unake kAraNabhUta karma bhI mUrta haiN| 'karma - eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana' meM bhI yahI bAta hai|94 . pudgala kI pA~ca prakAra kI vargaNAoM meM jo kArmaNa vargaNA hai vaha AtmA meM utpanna hone vAle moha rAga-dveSa Adi vikArI bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara svayaM karmarUpa pariNamita ho jAtI hai|95 kArmaNa vargaNA ke usa karmarUpa pariNamana ko dravya karma kahate haiN| tathA ATha karmoM ke avAMtara bheda 148 hote haiN| AcArya guNadhara ne kaSAyapAhuDa meM kahA hai - karma kRtrima hote hue bhI mUrta haiM, kyoMki mUrta davA ke sevana se pariNAmaMtara hotA hai, arthAt rugNAvasthA svastha avasthA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| yadi karma mUrta na hotA to mUrta auSadhi se karmajanya zarIra meM parivartana na hotaa|96 ___ sau bAta kI eka bAta - karma ke kArya ko dekhakara bhI usakA mUrtika honA svata:siddha hotA hai| tattvArthasAra meM yahI kahA hai- jisa prakAra miTTI ke paramANuoM se nirmita ghaTa kArya

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257 ko dekhakara usake paramANu ko mUrta mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra karma ke kArya audArika Adi zarIra ko mUrtika dekhakara unakA kAraNabhUta karma bhI mUrtika siddha ho jAtA hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAegA to amUrta padArthoM se mUrta padArthoM kI utpatti mAnanI hogI, jo siddhAMta viruddha hai, kyoMki amUrta kAraNoM se mUrta kAryoM kI utpatti nahIM hotii|97 vizeSAvazyakabhASya98 meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai| Apta vacana se karma mUrta rUpa siddha hotA hai AgamoM aura karmagraMthoM99 Adi se bhI karma mUrta siddha hotA hai| samayasAra100 meM kahA gayA hai- 'AThoM prakAra ke karma pudgala svarUpa haiM, aisA jinendra deva ne kahA hai|' niyamasAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai - 'AtmA pudgalakarmoM kA kartA bhoktA hai, yaha sirpha vyavahAra dRSTi hai|' pudgala mUrtika haiM, isalie karma bhI mUrtika siddha hote haiN|101 jaina darzana meM karma na to amUrta AtmaguNa rUpa hai aura na to AtmA ke samAna amUrta hai| apitu vaha mUrta rUpa hai, paudgalika hai, bhautika hai| karmoM ke rUpa karma, vikarma aura akarma vaidika dharma paraMparA ke mUrdhanya graMtha bhagavadgItA meM kahA hai- 'karmoM kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki koI bhI jIva kisI kAla meM kSaNabhara bhI karma ko kiye binA raha nahIM sktaa| ni:saMdeha saMsArI AtmA paravaza hokara karma karate haiN|102 ata: koI bhI puruSa (jIvAtmA) karmoM ke na karane mAtra se' niSkarmatA ko prApta nahIM ho jAtA aura na hI (binA zubha uddeza) karmoM ko tyAgane mAtra se siddhi (mukti) ko prApta hotA hai|103 bhagavadgItA ke anusAra 'koI vyakti karmendriya ko rokakara, mana se una-una karmoM (kriyAoM) kA ciMtana, manana, smaraNa karatA rahatA hai athavA iMdriyoM ke vibhinna viSayoM ko prApta karane, bhogane aura sukha pAne kI mana hI mana kAmanA karatA rahatA hai| vaha mithyAcArI (dambhI) hai|' indriyoM ko nizceSTa kara dene mAtra se kisI sAMsArika prANI kA karma karanA baMda nahIM ho jaataa|104 aisI nizceSTatA kI sthiti meM bhI vaha mana se to vicAra karatA rahatA hai| vaha bhI eka prakAra kA karma hai| ata: koI bhI prANI bAhara se bhale karma karatA na dikhAI de, paraMtu cetanAzIla hone ke kAraNa aMtaramana se to karma karatA hI rahatA hai| sthUla rUpa se karma na karane mAtra se koI bhI prANI 'akarma' yA 'niSkarma' nahIM ho jaataa| jaina darzana ke vidvAna paM. sukhalAlajI ne prathama karmagraMtha kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai 'sAdhAraNa loga yaha samajha baiThate haiM ki kucha kAma nahIM karane se apane ko puNya pApa kA lepa nahIM lgegaa| isase ve kAma ko choDa dete haiM; para bahudhA unakI mAnasika kriyAe~ nahIM chuutttiiN| isase ve icchA rahane para bhI puNyapApa ke lepa (baMdha) se apane ko mukta nahIM kara sakate / 105

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dehadhArI prANI jaba taka AThoM hI karmoM se sarvathA mukta nahIM ho jAte, taba taka ve sarvathA karma rahita nahIM hote| akarma bhI taba taka nahIM ho pAte jaba taka ve rAgadveSa rahita yA kaSAyoM se virata hokara karma nahIM karate / abhiprAya yaha hai ki, jaba taka jIva Atmazuddhi ke uddezya se, eka mAtra karmakSaya karane kI dRSTi se, sahaja bhAva se karma nahIM karatA, taba taka eka yA dUsare prakAra se zubha yA azubha rUpa meM vividha karmoM se prabhAvita hotA rhegaa| vaha bAhara se karma na karatA huA bhI mAnasika rUpa se karma karatA rahegA / kyA sabhI kriyAe~ karma hai ? 258 kyA sabhI kriyAe~ karma kahalAtI haiM ? yadi sabhI kriyAe~ karma kahalAtI haiN| taba to . koI bhI manuSya yahA~ taka ki tIrthaMkara bhI, sarvajJa kevalI bhI karmabaMdha se baca nahIM sakate aura na hI karma paraMparA se mukta ho sakate haiM phira se karma se rahita avasthA to eka mAtra siddha muk paramAtmA kI hI mAnanI paDegI / saMsArastha AtmA, cAhe uccakoTi kA apramatta sAdhaka ho yA vItarAga arhata-paramAtmA ho, sabhI zarIragata anivArya kriyAoM se nahIM baca sakane ke kAraNa kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma ke lapeTe meM Ate rheNge| paccIsa kriyAe~ : svarUpa aura vizeSatA jaina darzana meM mukhyatayA paccIsa kriyAe~ prasiddha haiN| unameM se 24 kriyAe~ sAMparAyika haiM aura paccIsavIM kriyA airyApathika hai / 106 navatattva 107 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| caubIsa kriyAe~ isa prakAra haiM: 1) kAyikI, 4) pAritAnikI, 7) pArigrahikI, 10) dveSa, 13) dRSTijA, 16) sAmantopanipAtikA, 19) AjJApanikA, 22) anAkAMkSA, 2) AdhikaraNikI, 5) prANAtipAtikI, 8) mAyA, 11) apratyAkhyAna, 14) sparza, 17) svahastikI, 20) vaidAriNI, 23) prAyogikI, * 3) prAdveSikI, 6) AraMbhakriyA, 9) rAga, 12) mithyAdarzana, 15) prAtItyikI, 18) naisRSTikI, 21) anAbhoga, 24) sAmudAyikI / ye sabhI kriyAe~ rAgadveSAdi yukta hone se sAMparAyikI kahalAtI haiM / 108 paccIsavIM - airyApathikI kriyA hai, jo viveka (yatnAcAra parAyaNa) evaM apramattasaMyamI vyakti kI gamanAgamana tathA AhAra vihArAdi caryArUpa hotI hai|

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259 sAMparAyika kriyAe~ hI baMdhakAraka, airyApathika nahIM jainadarzana pratyeka kriyA ko baMdhanakAraka nahIM mAnatA, jo kriyA yA pravRtti (mana, vacana, kAyA kA vyApAra) rAga-dveSa, moha se yukta hotI hai, vahI baMdhana meM DAlatI hai| isake viparIta jo kriyA kaSAya evaM Asakti (rAgAdi) se rahita hokara kI jAtI hai, vaha baMdhakAraka nahIM hotI hai| ata: baMdhana kI apekSA se kriyAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bATA gayA hai- sAMparAyika kriyAe~ aura IryApathika kriyaaeN| paccIsa kriyAe~ karmabaMdha ke kAraNa haiN| isalie samyakdRSTi jIva ko unase dUra rahanA caahie|109 jainendrasiddhAMtakoza110 aura atthAgama (bhagavatI sUtra)111 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| kriyA se karma kA Agamana avazya, sabhI karma baMdhakAraka nahIM jaba taka zarIra hai aura zarIra se saMbaMdha vacana aura mana hai tathA indriyA~ aura aMgopAMga haiM, taba taka koI na koI kriyA yA pravRtti honA anivArya hai aura yaha bhI satya hai ki, kriyAoM se karma Ate haiM, paraMtu ve sabhI karma baMdhana meM DAlate haiM aisA nahIM hotaa|112 kriyAe~ karma, upayoge dharma, pariNAme baMdha' / kriyA se karma Ate haiM, upayoga (zuddhopayoga) se dharma hotA hai aura karmabaMdha pariNAmoM (rAgAdi zubhAzubha bhAvoM) para AdhArita hai|113 __ jainadarzana yaha svIkAra karatA hai, jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka zarIra se sarvathA niSkriya (yogajanita vyApAra se) nahIM rahA jA sktaa| sarvathA akriya avasthA caudahaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai| prathama guNasthAna se lekara terahaveM guNasthAna taka koI na koI kriyA avazya rahatI hai| ___ mAnasikavRtti ke sAtha hI zArIrika evaM vAcika kriyAe~ bhI calatI haiM aura kriyA ke phalasvarUpa karmoM kA Agamana (Asrava) bhI hotA hai| kintu rAgAdiyukta prANiyoM (jIvoM) kI kriyAoM dvArA hone vAle karmAstrava aura kaSAyavRtti rahita vItarAga dRSTi saMpanna vyaktiyoM kI kriyAoM ke dvArA honevAle karmAsrava meM bahuta hI aMtara hai| kaSAyayukta prANiyoM kI pratyeka kriyA sAMparAyikI hotI hai, jaba ki kaSAyarahita vyaktiyoM kI pratyeka kriyA airyApathika hotI hai|114 isI tathya ko vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki 'sAMparAyikI kriyA sakaSAyI aura utsUtrI (siddhAMta viruddha prarUpaNA/AcaraNa) karane vAle ko lagatI hai, jaba ki IryApathikI kriyA akaSAyI sasUtrI (sUtrAnusAra prarUpaNA/AcaraNa karane vAle) sAdhakoM ko lagatI hai|115 tathA yaha bhI kahA hai ki- mahAvratI zramaNa nigraMtha bhI yadi jJAnadarzanAdi

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260 sAdhanA yA mahAvratAdi AcaraNa kI kriyA meM pramAda karate haiM yA kaSAyayukta pravRtti karate haiM, to ukta yoga evaM pramAda se unako bhI sAMparAyika kriyAe~ lagatI haiN|116 karma aura akarma kI paribhASA . pUrvokta donoM kriyAoM ke phala meM aMtara yaha hai ki, donoM kriyAoM se karmoM kA Asrava hote hue bhI sAMparAyika kriyA se hone vAlA karmAsrava baMdhanakAraka hotA hai| vaha kaSAya sahita kriyAoM se hone vAlA sAMparAyika karma kahalAtA hai| jo AtmA ke svabhAva ko AvRtta karake usameM vibhAva utpanna karatA hai, kintu jo kriyA kaSAyavRtti se Upara uThe hue vItarAga dRSTi saMpanna vyaktiyoM dvArA hotI hai, usase hone vAlA karma IryApathika kahalAtA hai, vaha karmabaMdhakAraka nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra rAste kI dhUla ke sUkhe kaNa pahale samaya meM sUkhe vastra para lagate haiM aura dUsare hI kSaNa meM jhaDa jAte haiN| isI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne apanI aMtima dezanA, uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA hai- 'jyo hI cAra ghAtikarma kSaya karake sAdhaka sayogI kevalI hotA hai, tyoM hI prathama samaya meM karmabaddha hotA hai, dvitIya samaya meM usakA vedana hotA hai aura tRtIya samaya meM vaha nirjINa hokara jhaDa jAte haiN| tatkAla vaha akarma ho jAtA hai| karma kA sUkhA sparza kevala do samaya taka rahatA hai|117 . vastatuH ukta donoM prakAra kI kriyAoM meM jo Asrava ke sAtha baMdha kA kAraNa hai, usase hone vAle karma kI sthiti aura anubhAva baMdhapUrvaka udaya meM Ane para zubhAzubha phala pradAna karane vAlA hotA hai, jaba ki jo kriyA akaSAyI vRtti dvArA hotI hai, usase hone vAlA karmaprakRti aura pradezodayarUpa hotA hai| baMdhakAraka na hone se aisI (airyApathikI) kriyA saMvara (karmanirodha) evaM nirjarA (AMzika kSaya) kA kAraNa banatI hai| rAgadveSAdi yukta na hone se aisA karma kartA ko cipakatA nahIM, vaha nAma mAtra kA karma hai| aise karma akarma kI koTi meM Ate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki, baMdhaka karma ko 'karma' aura abaMdhaka karmoM kA karma hote hue bhI 'akarma' kahA gayA hai| baMdhaka abaMdhaka karma kA AdhAra bAhya kriyAe~ nahIM baMdhaka karma aura abaMdhaka karma kA AdhAra bAhya kriyA nahIM hai, apitu vaha kartA ke pariNAma/manobhAva athavA viveka-aviveka para nirbhara hai| yadi kartA ke pariNAma rAgAdiyukta nahIM haiM, zArIrika kriyAe~ bhI anivArya tathA saMyamI jIvana yAtrArtha apramatta hokara yatnAcArapUrvaka kI jA rahI haiM athavA zArIrika kriyAoM ke atirikta nirapekSa bhAva se sva-para kalyANArtha pravRttiyA~ kI jA rahI haiM yA karmakSaya (nirjarA) ke hetu jJAna, darzana, cAritra evaM tapa kI sAdhanA apramatta bhAva se kI jAtI hai, to usase hone vAle karma rAga-dveSa se rahita hone se baMdhakAraka nahIM hote, isalie akarma haiN|118 isI dRSTi se sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM pramAda ko

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261 karma aura apramAda ko 'akarma' kahA gayA hai| pramAda meM kaSAya, viSayAsakti, vikathA, asAvadhAnI, ayatnA, mada Adi sabhI kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM tathA vItarAga puruSoM kI saMgha pravartana Adi loka kalyANakArI pravRttiyA~ bhI akarma kI koTI meM AtI haiN|119 yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM 'jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa ke samyak AcaraNaapramattatApUrvaka rAgAdi rahita AcaraNa ko mokSa (karmoM se mukta hone kA) mArga kahA gayA hai|120 saMkSepa meM sabhI kriyAe~ jo Azrava evaM baMdha kA kAraNa haiM, karma haiM aura ve samasta kriyAe~ jo bahudhA saMvara aura nirjarA ke kAraNa haiM ve 'akarma' haiN| abaMdhaka kriyAe~ rAgAdi kaSAyayukta hone se baMdhakAraka karmaNA badhyate jntuH| (prANI karma se baMdhA jAtA hai) mahAbhArata'21 (zAntiparva 240) kI yaha ukti akSaraza: satya nahIM hai| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki, sabhI karma yA kriyA eka sI nahIM hotii| baMdhana kI apekSA se unameM aMtara hotA hai| kriyA eka samAna hotI hue bhI koI karma baMdhakAraka nahIM hotA, koI karma baMdhakAraka hotA hai isalie kaunasA karma baMdhana kAraka hai, kauna sA nahIM, isakA nirNaya kevala kriyA ke AdhAra para nahIM hotaa| jainadarzana isakA nirNaya kartA ke bhAvoM, pariNAmoM tathA usa kriyA ke prayojana-uddezya ke AdhAra para karatA hai| mAno ki eka sAdhaka ahiMsA-satyAdi mahAvratoM kA pAlana kara rahA hai, sevA (vaiyAvRtya) kara rahA hai, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti kA pAlana bhI kara rahA hai, dhArmika kriyAe~ bhI kara rahA hai, paraMtu ina sabake pIche usakI dRSTi evaM vRtti samyaka nahIM hai yA kaSAya rahita nahIM hai athavA ADaMbarayukta pradarzanakArI kriyAe~ haiM to pUrvokta karma abaMdhaka kahalAne vAlI sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ bhI akarma ke badale karma meM hI parigaNita hoNgii| sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ akarma ke badale karmarUpa banatI haiM ___ sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ bhI yadi ihalaukika pada pratiSThA Adi kI prApti ke lie athavA mahAvratAdi yA ratnatraya kI sAdhanA bhI prazasta rAgavaza kI jAyeM to karmabaMdhaka ho jAyegI, arthAt akarma na kahalAkara karma khlaayegii| bhale hI ve kriyAe~ zubha hone se zubhabaMdhaka hoN| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM karmakSaya kAraka (nirjarA) va akarmarUpa tapazcaraNa tathA karmamukti ke lie paMcavidha AcAra pAle, paraMtu aihika yA pAralaukika kAmanApUrti ke lie koI bhI kriyA mata kro|122 sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki, 'yogyarIti se kiyA huA karmakSaya kA kAraNabhUta

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262 tapa bhI yadi yaza-kIrti kI icchA se kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha zuddha karma akarma kI koTi meM nahIM hogaa'|123 isa prakAra zuddha kahalAne vAle karma bhI prazasta rAgayukta hone se zuddhopayogayukta nahIM hote| yahI kAraNa hai ki, karmakSaya kAraka kahalAne vAle zuddha karma (akarma) samAna rUpa se kiye jAne para bhI ve samyakdRSTi ke 'zuddhapayogamUlaka aura mithyAdRSTi ke lie nidAna rUpa phalakAMkSAmUlaka hone se pRthak-pRthak koTi ke ho jAte haiN|' jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI karmavIratA dikhAte hue cAhe samAnarUpa se AcaraNa karate hue dikhAI dete hoM, paraMtu unakI dRSTi meM samyaktva asamyaktva kA aMtara hone se eka kA puruSArtha zuddha (karma abaMdhaka) hotA hai aura dUsare kA azuddha karma baMdhaka hotA hai| jJAna aura bodha se yukta vyakti apramatta hokara kaSAya rahita vRtti se eka mAtra nirjarA (karmakSaya) yA saMvara (karmanirodha) kI dRSTi se parAkrama karatA hai| ajJAnI aura samyak bodha se rahita, vRtti kA parAkrama sakAma-kAmanAyukta hone se nirjarA aura saMvara se rahita hotA hai, isa kAraNa vaha parAkrama azuddha aura karmabaMdhakAraka hotA hai| usakA phala use sarvathA bhoganA hI par3atA hai|124 isa saMbaMdha meM gItA125 aura jaina darzana donoM ekamata haiN| AcArAMgasUtra126 aura sUtrakRtAMga127 meM bhI karma aura akarma kI arthAt baMdhaka aura abaMdhaka karma kI bhinnatA spaSTa rUpa se batAI gaI hai| karma kA artha kevala pravRtti nahIM, akarma kA artha nivRtti nahIM isa saMbaMdha meM gA~dhIvAdI prasiddha vicAraka sva. kizoralAla mazruvAlA ke vicAra mananIya haiM- 'zarIra, vANI aura mana kI kriyAmAtra karma hai; yadi karma kA hama yaha artha lete haiM, to jaba vaha deha hai taba taka koI bhI manuSya karma karanA bilkula choDa nahIM sktaa| jaise kathA meM paDhate haiM ki koI sAdhaka (yA saMnyAsI) varSa bhara nirvikalpa samAdhi meM nizceSTa hokara paDI rahe, paraMtu jisa kSaNa uThegA (samAdhi kholegA) usa kSaNa vaha kucha na kucha karma avazya kregaa| isake alAvA hamArI kalpanA aisI hai ki, hamArA vyaktigata deha se pare janma janmAMtara pAne vAlA jIvarUpa hai, taba to deha ke binA bhI vaha kriyAvAna rhegaa| yadi karma se nivRtta hue binA karmakSaya (akarma) na ho sake to usakA artha yaha huA ki karmakSaya hone kI kabhI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| 128 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi se pramAda karma, apramAda akarma bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM, karma kA artha-zarIrAdi ceSTA mAtra nahIM hai aura na hI akarma kA artha zarIrAdi kA abhAva yA ekAMta nivRtti hai| 'sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM bhagavAna

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263 mahAvIra ke karma aura akarma ke dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa kiyA hai ki 'pramAda ko hI karma' (baMdhakakarma) kahA gayA hai / tathA apramAda ko (abaMdhakakarma) kahA gayA hai|129 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki, karma kevala sakriyatA yA pravRttimAtra nahIM haiM, kiMtu kisI bhI pravRtti yA kriyA ke pIche a-jAgRti pramAdadazA yA AtmasvarUpa ke bhAna kA abhAva honA karma hai| isI prakAra akarma kA artha ekAMta nivRtti yA niSkriyatA nahIM, apitu pravRtti yA nivRtti ke sAtha satata jAgRti/apramatta dazA athavA AtmasvarUpa kA bhAna hai| __ agara ekAMta niSkriyatA ko hI akarma kahA jAye, to mRta prANI yA pRthvIkAyAdi pA~ca prakAra ke sthAvara jIva sthUladRSTi se niSkriya hone se unakI niSkriyatA yA nivRtti ko akarma kahanA paDegA, jo karma siddhAMta se saMmata nahIM hai|130 jaina-karma-siddhAMta kI dRSTi se AtmA avinAzI aura zAzvata hai| isalie sthUla zarIra cAhe chUTa jAe sUkSma evaM sUkSmatara (taijasa aura kArmaNo zarIratojIvakesAtha janmajanmAMtara taka, taba taka rahatA hai jaba taka vaha karmoM se mukta nahIM ho paataa| 131 sakaSAyI jIva hiMsAdi meM apravRtta hone para bhI pApa kA bhAgI puruSArthasiddhayupAya 32 meM kahA gayA hai ki, koI vyakti niSkriya avasthA meM hai, kucha bhI ceSTA nahIM kara rahA hai, kiMtu rAgAdi ke vaza hai aura nahIM, hiMsAdi pApoM se virata (nivRta) yA virakta nahIM hai, aisA vyakti bAhyarUpa se hiMsAdi na karatA huA bhI pApa karma ke phala kA bhAgI bana jAtA hai| aise prANI hiMsA kareM yA na kareM usane apane AtmA kI to bhAvahiMsA krlii| bhagavatIsUtra meM133 varNana AtA hai ki, eka zikArI kisI mRga Adi para bANa (zastra) calAtA hai, kintu daivayoga se bANa usa para nahIM lgtaa| aisI sthiti meM vaha prANI bhale hI usake bANa se na marA ho, na hI ghAyala huA ho phira bhI usa zikArI (vyakti) ke prANAtipAta rUpa sAMparAyikI kriyA laga cukii| phalata: bAhara se niSkriyatA kI sthiti hone para bhI use prANAtipAta (hiMsA) kI kriyA laga jAtI hai aura pApa karma kA baMdha bhI hotA hai| vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki, dainika caryA meM IryA samiti nIce dekhakara calate hue to sAdhu ke paira ke nIce yadi koI jIva mara jAtA hai to sAdhu ko IryApathika kriyA lagatI hai, sAMparAyikI nahIM, arthAt usakI vaha kriyA pramAda evaM kaSAya yukta yoga se nahIM hotI isalie karmabaMdha nahIM hotaa| karmabaMdhaka na hone ke kAraNa, vaha karma hone para bhI akarma kahalAtI hai| balki vItarAga avasthA meM samasta kriyAe~ saMvara evaM nirjarA ke kAraNa hone se bhI akarma kI koTi meM AtI haiN|134

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264 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- ajJAnI puruSa karma (puNyakarmoM ke) anuSThAna ke sAtha rAgAdi yA kaSAyAdi kA maila mila jAne se karmakSaya nahIM kara pAte, jaba ki jJAnI dhIra puruSa akarma (karmabaMdharahita) saMvara, nirjarA rUpa kAryoM se karma kSaya karate haiN|135 karma aura vikarma meM aMtara jo manuSya abhI chadmastha hai, pUrNata: kaSAyamukta nahIM hai, jise vItarAga dazA prApta nahIM huI hai, usake dvArA zubha bhAvoM se jo bhI dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAva, paropakAra, vrata, niyama pAlana Adi kI kriyAe~ hotI haiM, ve saba kriyAe~ zubha Asrava evaM zubha baMdha ke kAraNa hone se unheM karma- puNyakarma kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra jo kriyAe~ azubha Asrava evaM azubha baMdha ke kAraNa hai, unheM vikarma (pApakarma) kahA jAtA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA hai, jo chadmastha sAdhaka apramatta hokara yatanApUrvaka sAvadhAnI se calanA, uThanA, baiThanA, sonA, jAganA, khAnA, pInA, bolanA Adi koI bhI kriyA karatA hai to, usakI vaha kriyA pApakarmabaMdhaka nahIM hotii|136 sAdhaka AtmA ko yatnApUrvaka kriyAe~ karane se pApakarma kA baMdha nahIM hotA yA to una kriyAoM se puNyakarma kA baMdha hogA yA phira una karmoM kA kSaya (nirjarA) hogaa| karma aura akarma kA viveka karane ke lie AcArAMga sUtra meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki agrakarma aura mUlakarma kA samyak pariprekSaNa (pratilekhana) karake donoM kA aMta rAga-dveSa se bacakara karma kara ! / yahIM agrakarma se tAtparya hai- karma (zubhakarma) kA aura mUlakarma se tAtparya hai- vikarma (pApakarma) kaa| ina donoM se bacakara abaMdhaka karma (zuddha karma-akarma) karane kI yahI preraNA hai| 137 baMdha aura abaMdha kI mImAMsA karate hue paM. sukhalAlajI likhate haiM- 'yadi kaSAya (rAgAdibhAva) nahIM haiM, to koI bhI kriyA AtmA ko baMdhana meM rakhane meM samartha nahIM hai| isase ulTe yadi kaSAya kA vega bhItara vidyamAna hai, to Upara se hajAra yatna karane para bhI koI apane ko baMdhana se chuDA nahIM sktaa| 138 ata: kaSAya (rAgAdi bhAva) se mukta sAdhaka aise karmoM kA kartA hone para bhI akarma kahalAtA hai vaha karma se lipta (baddha) nahIM hotaa| , "vastuta: karma-vikarma tathA akarma ko pahacAna ne meM kriyA yA vyavahAra pramukha tattva nahIM hai| pramukha tattva hai, kartA kA cetanA pakSa, yadi kartA kI cetanA prabuddha hai, vizuddha hai, jAgRta hai, kaSAyavRtti rahita yA rAgAdizUnya hai tathA apramatta aura samyagdRSTi saMpanna hai, to kriyA yA vyavahAra kA bAhya rUpa kA koI mahattva nahIM hotaa|'' 139

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265 iSTopadeza meM kahA gayA hai- 'jo Atma svabhAva meM sthira hai, vaha bolate hue bhI nahIM bolatA, calate hue bhI nahIM calatA, dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekhatA hai| 14deg uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI kahA hai- 'rAgAdi bhAvoM se virakta vyakti zoka rahita ho jAtA hai, vaha saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI kamala-patravat alipta rahatA hai| 141 saMkSepa meM jo pravRttiyA~ yA karma rAgAdiyukta hone se zubha baMdhana kAraka haiM, ve karma haiN| jo azubha baMdhanakAraka haiM, ve vikarma haiM aura jo pravRttiyA~ yA karma rAga-dveSa rahita hone se baMdhanakAraka nahIM haiM, ve akarma hI haiN| bhagavadgItA meM karma, vikarma aura akarma kA svarUpa bhagavadgItA meM karma, vikarma aura akarma ke svarUpa para gaharAI se ciMtana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 'he arjuna ! karma kI gati atIva gahana hai| isalie buddhimAna manuSya ko karma aura vikarma (niSiddha karma) kA svarUpa jAnanA caahie| sAtha hI akarma ke svarUpa kA bodha bhI karanA caahie| isa prakAra kA viveka karane vAlA sAdhaka karma meM akarma ko dekhatA hai aura akarma kahe jAnevAle kArya meM karma ko bhI pahacAna jAtA hai, aisA vyakti manuSyoM meM zreSTha aura buddhimAna hotA hai vaha sahaja aura anivArya sabhI zArIrika karma karatA hai|' gItA ke anusAra karma vaha hai jo phala kI icchA se kiyA jAtA hai, bhale hI vaha zubha ho| yajJa, dAna, tapa, tyAga, vrata, niyama, zraddhA, bhakti Adi zubha kArya bhI yadi zubha rAgAviSTa hokara prasiddhi prazaMsA yA pratispardhAvaza kiye jAte haiM to gItA kI dRSTi se karma haiN| inheM Age calakara gItA meM rAjasakarma bhI kahA gayA hai| __'kabhI-kabhI bAhya rUpa se vikarma pratIta hone vAle karma bhI kartA kI buddhi agara Asakti Adi se lipta nahIM haiM, na hI ahaMkAra hai to zuddha bhAva se athavA kisI ko nyAya dilAne athavA kisI mahilA ke zIla kI rakSA karane Adi kartavya buddhi se kiye jAne vAle pApakarma phalotpAdaka karma bhI zubhakarma meM athavA akarma meM bhI pariNata ho jAte haiM 142 kintu niSkAma buddhi se prerita hokara yuddha taka laDA jA sakatA hai| 'tilaka 143 ke isa mata se jaina darzana sahamata nahIM hai, kyoMki- akarma avasthA vItarAga avasthA hai, vItarAga avasthA meM sAMsArika pravRttimaya karma kiyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM yaha zubhakarma meM parigaNita ho sakatA hai| pravacanasAra144 meM jo bAta kahI hai vaha gItA145 meM pratidhvanita huI hai| bAhara meM prANI mare yA jIe, jo ayatnAcArI pramatta hai, usake dvArA hiMsA (janyakarmabaMdha) nizcita hai, paraMtu jo yatnAcArazIla hai, samitiyukta hai, usase bahAra se hone vAlI (dravya) hiMsA mAtra se karmabaMdha nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha aMtara se sarvatobhAvena hiMsAdi sAvadha vyApAra se nirlipta hone ke kAraNa niSpApa (niravadya) hai| usase honevAlI sthUla hiMsA bhAvahiMsA nahIM hai|

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266 tAtparya yaha hai ki, anAsakti aura akartavyadRSTi se jo karma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha rAgadveSa ke abhAva meM akarma hai, kintu pragaTa rUpa se koI bhI karma hotA huA na dikhAI dene para bhI agara kartA ke mana meM tyAga kA abhimAna yA Agraha hai, phalecchA hai, to vaha karma akarma pratIta hone vAle karma ko bhI karma banA detA hai / 146 bauddha darzana meM karma, vikarma aura akarma vicAra bauddha darzana meM bhI karma, vikarma aura akarma kA vicAra kiyA hai, vahA~ inheM kramazaH kuzala (zukla) karma, akuzala (kRSNa) karma aura avyakta (akRSNa azukla) karma kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM jinheM puNya (zubha) karma aura pApa (azubha) karma kahA hai, unheM bauddha darzana meM kuzala (zukla) aura akuzala (kRSNa) karma kahA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM prAyaH phala dene kI yogyatA - ayogyatA ko lekara karma kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jinheM jaina paraMparA meM kramaza: (sAMparAyika) vipAkodaya evaM (IryApathika) pradezodaya karma kahA hai, unheM hI bauddha paraMparA meM kramazaH upacita, anupacita karma kahA hai / 147 mahAkarma vibhaMga meM kRta aura upacita ko lekara cAra vikalpa bhaMga prastuta kiye gaye haiM / 1) akRta kintu upacita karma, 2) kRta bhI aura upacita bhI, 3) kRta hai kiMtu upacita nahIM aura 4) kRta bhI nahIM aura upacita bhI nahIM / kauna se karma baMdhakAraka kauna se abaMdhakAraka bauddhadarzana kA mantavya hai ki, inameM se prathama do bhaMgo meM pratipAdita karma prANI ko baMdhana meM DAlate haiN| zeSa do bhaMgoM meM ukta karma baMdhana meM nahIM DAlate haiN| bauddha AcAra paraMparA meM rAga-dveSa, moha se yukta hone para hI karma ko baMdhakAraka mAnA jAtA hai| rAga-dveSa rahita hokara kiye gaye karma baMdha kartA nahIM mAne jaate|148 jainakarma siddhAMta tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM bhI yahI bAta hai / 149 tInoM dhArAoM meM karma, vikarma aura akarma meM samAnatA niSkarSa yaha hai ki, jaina, bauddha aura vaidika (gItA) tInoM dhArAoM meM karma ko baMdhaka aura abaMdhaka ina do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| abaMdhaka karma (kriyA vyApAra) ko jaina darzana meM (IryApathika karma yA akarma ), vaidika (gItA) darzana meM akarma aura bauddha darzana meM avyakta yA akRSNa- azukla karma kahA gayA hai| tInoM dhArAoM kI dRSTi meM akarma tAtparya karma kA abhAva yA mana vacana kAyA kRta kriyA kA abhAva nahIM apitu karma ke saMpAdana se vAsanA, icchA rAgAdi se prerita kartavya bhAva kA abhAva hI akarma hai, abaMdhaka zuddha karma hai tathA vAsanAdi bhAva se saMpAdita karma baMdhakAraka hai| baMdhakakarma ke do vibhAga

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267 kiye gaye haiM- eka ko karma (zubhabaMdhaka) kahA tathA dUsare ko vikarma (azuddha baMdhaka), yahI karma-vikarma, akarma kA niSkarSa hai| karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa karmavijJAna itanA gUr3ha, durUha tathA arthoM aura rahasyoM se bharA hai ki- sahasA, usakA Akalana aura hRdayaMgama karanA AsAna nahIM hai| jisa prakAra jala se paripUrNa mahAsamudra meM jvAra-bhATe Ate rahate haiM, usI prakAra vividha karmarUpI jala se paripUrNa saMsArasamudra meM bhI Asrava-baMdha aura saMvara-nirjarA ke jvArabhATe Ate rahate haiN| karma jala kI mahAtaraMge bhI pratikSaNa vividharUpa meM tIvra, maMda, madhyama gati se uchalatI rahatI haiM aura kabhI ve zAMta aura susthira bhI ho jAtI haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA hai ki- jo naukA chidra yukta hai vaha saMsAra samudra se pAra nahIM ho sakatI, kintu jo naukA chidra rahita hai, vaha pAra ho sakatI hai| zarIra naukA hai, jIva (AtmA) nAvika hai aura (karmajala se paripUrNa) saMsAra samudra hai, jise maharSi pAra kara jAte haiN| 150 karmajala se paripUrNa saMsAra rUpa mahAsamudra meM bhI tIna prakAra ke nAvika hote haiN| jo akuzala nAvika hote haiM, unakI naukA saMsAra samudra meM pApoM kA jvAra Ane se tathA azubha karmoM kI uttAla taraMgoM kI mAra se jarjara aura sacchidra ho jAtI hai| aura zIghra hI saMsArasamudra meM DUba jAtI hai| dUsare prakAra ke nAvika ardhakuzala hote haiN| unakI jIvana naukA sacchidra hote hue bhI DUbatI utaratI rahatI hai| vrata niyama Adi puNya se apanI naiyA kI ve maraMmata karate rahate haiN| tIsare prakAra ke atikuzala nAvika ve haiM, jo zubha-azubha karmajala ke jvAra ke samaya DUbate, utarAte nhiiN| kaSToM, pariSahoM vipattiyoM ke A~dhI aura tUphAnoM ke samaya samabhAva rUpI cappU se apanI jIvana naiyA ko pAra karate hue zuddha aura prazAMta karmajala meM Age se Age saMvara, nirjarA ke jalamArga se baDhate rahate haiN| aise mahAbhAga maharSi ati kuzala nAvika hote haiM, jo eka dina saMsArasamudra ko pAra karake sarva karma jala se sarvathA mukta ho jAte haiN| .. saMsArarUpI samudra meM bhI trividha nAvikoM ke anurUpa tIna prakAra ke karma haiM- 1) azubha, 2) zubha aura 3) shuddh| jaba taka jIva saMsAra samudra meM hai, taba taka use yaha jAnanA aura samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki, ye tIna prakAra ke karma kaise-kaise hote haiM? inakA lakSaNa aura svarUpa kyA-kyA hai? zubha karma ko 'karma' azubha karma ko 'vikarma' aura zuddha karma ko 'akarma' ke rUpa meM pahale batalAyA hai| ina tInoM ko dUsare zabdoM meM kahanA cAhe to kramaza: puNya, pApa aura dharma

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268 zabda meM abhihita kara sakate haiN| zAstra meM prathama do ko zubhAsrava aura azubhAstravarUpa tathA aMtima ko saMvara, nirjarArUpa batAyA gayA hai| aMtima akarma yA zubhakarma ko IryApathika karma bhI kahA gayA hai| ___ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne karma ke ina tIna rUpoM kA pAzcAtya naitika darzana kI dRSTi se isa prakAra sAmaMjasya biThAyA hai| 'jainadarzana kA IryApathika karma atinaitika karma hai, puNya (zubha) karma naitika karma hai aura pApa (azubha) karma anaitika karma hai|' isI prakAra gItA aura bauddha darzana ke sAtha bhI isakI saMgati isa prakAra biThAI hai- 'gItA kA akarma atinaitika, zubhakarma yA karma naitika aura vikarma anaitika hai| bauddha darzana meM anaitika, naitika, kuzala, aura avyaktakarma athavA (dUsare zabdoM meM) kRSNa, zukla aura akRSNa azukla karma kahA gayA hai| 151 zubha-karma: svarUpa aura vizleSaNa ___ jaina karmavijJAna ke anusAra zubha (puNya) karma zubha pudgala paramANu haiM, jo jIva ke zubha pariNAmoM evaM tadanusAra zubhabhAvapUrvaka dAna, paropakAra, sevA, dayA Adi kI kriyAoM ke kAraNa AkarSita hokara zubha Asrava ke rUpa meM Ate haiN|152 aura phira rAgAdivaza baMdha jAte haiM tatpazcAt apane vipAka (phalabhoga) ke samaya zubha vicAroM, zubha pariNAmoM aura zubha kAryoM kI ora prerita karate haiN| isake atirikta ve AdhyAtmika, mAnasika, sAmAjika evaM bhautika vikAsa ke anurUpa saMyoga bhI upasthita karate haiN| zubha karma ke prabhAva se kabhIkabhI Arogya, sukha-suvidhA, sukha-sAmagrI, bhautikasaMpadA tathA anurUpa parivAra, mitrajana samAja bhI upalabdha hote haiM tathA samyagjJAnAdi dharmAcaraNa kI bhAvanA bhI ve jAgRta kara dete haiN|153 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM zubhakarma (puNya) ke upArjana meM dAna, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa batAye haiN|154 sthAnAMgasUtra meM puNyopArjana ke annapuNya Adi nau prakAra bhI batAye haiN|155 sUttAgame meM yahI bAta AyI hai|156 azubha karma : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa azubhakarma (pApa) kA svarUpa jainadRSTi se isa prakAra hai- jinase AtmA kA patana ho, jo AtmA ko baMdhana meM DAleM, AtmA ke AnaMda kA zoSaNa kareM tathA Atma zaktiyoM kA ghAta kareM, ve pApakarma azubhakarma haiN| vAstava meM jisa vicAra aura AcaraNa se sva-para kA patana, ahita ho evaM aniSTa phala prApta ho, vaha azubhakarma pApa hai aura vaha dUsaroM ke lie tathA apane lie pIr3A, vipatti, duHkha aura vinAza kA kAraNa hai| azubha karma ke aMtargata hiMsA, asatya, corI, vyabhicAra, parigrahavRtti, atilobha, dveSa evaM ajJAnatA Adi kAraNa Ate haiN| isalie durbhAvanA, durvicAra evaM duSkarma azubha karma haiN|157

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269 zubhatva aura azubhatva ke nirNayakA AdhAra zubha aura azubhatva kA AdhAra kyA hai ? isa viSaya para gaharAI se socane para tIna AdhAra pratiphalita hote haiN| 1) kartA kA Azaya, 2) kartA yA acchA, burA bAhyarUpa tathA, 3) usake sAmAjika jIvana para paDane vAle bAhya prabhAva / bhagavadgItA 158 evaM dhammapada 159 meM karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA AdhAra kartA ke Azaya . ko mAnA hai| gItA kA Azaya hai ki- zuddha karma to sAttvika bhAva se kiye jAne vAle yajJa, tapa, tyAga, dAna Adi haiM, paraMtu rAjasa aura tAmasa bhAva se kiye jAne para ye kramazaH zubhaazubha karma hone se zubhakarmabaMdha aura azubhakarmabaMdha ho sakate haiM / 160 gItA meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI mukhyatA dI hai paraMtu kahIM-kahIM tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita yajJa, dAna aura tapa karma para cAroM varNoM evaM cAroM AzramoM ke niyata karma karane ko kahA hai / 161 bauddha darzana meM zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra bauddha dharmadarzana meM dhammapada 162 meM kahA hai- zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra kartA ke Aza ko mAnate hue kahA hai ki 'kAyika yA vAcika karma kuzala (zubha) hai yA akuzala (azubha) ? isakA nirNaya karane kI kasauTI mAnasa karma hai / ' kahIM-kahIM zubhAzubhatA kA AdhAra pariNAma kriyA ke phala ko mAnA hai / 'paropakArAya puNyAya pApAya parapIDanam' / 163 paropakAra puNya hai aura dUsaroM ko pIDA denA pApa hai| yaha ciMtana bhAratIya manISiyoM kA hai| jaina vicArakoM ne puNyabaMdha (zubhabaMdha) ko bhI anna puNya Adi nau puNya kA kAraNAzrita batAyA aura pApa karma ko prANAtipAta Adi aSTAdaza pApasthAna kA kAraNa batAyA hai| vastutaH puNya-pApa (zubhAzubha karma) ke saMbaMdha meM AgamoM meM pramukha rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva ke pIche eka aura dRSTikoNa hai- dUsaroM ko apane tulya mAnakara vyavahAra karanA hai / 164 AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret / apane ko pratikUla AcaraNa yA vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati bhI mata karo yahI karma ke zubhatva kA mUlAdhAra bhAratIya RSiyoM ne batAyA hai / 165 mahAbhArata 166 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra167 meM zubhAzubhatva ( dharma-adharma) ke nirNaya meM apane samAna dUsare ko mAnane kA- Atmopamya kA dRSTikoNa svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki- 'jisa prakAra mujhe duHkha priya nahIM hai, usI prakAra sabhI jIvoM ko bhI duHkha priya

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270 nahIM hai, aisA jAnakara jo svayaM hiMsA nahIM karatA, nahIM karavAtA hai, vahI samatvopayogI samamanA zramaNa hai|168 jaina vicArakoM ne karma ke hetu (uddezya) aura pariNAma ke AdhAra para bhI usake zubhAzubhatva kA vicAra kiyA hai, paraMtu mukhyatA kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI dI hai| eka vyakti aMdhe ko aMdhA, kAne ko kAnA aura cora ko cora kahatA hai| sthUla dRSTi se yaha satya hote hue bhI pAramArthika dRSTi se asatya mAnA gayA hai kyoMki aisA kahane (kathana kriyA) ke pIche vaktA kA Azaya, usake hRdaya ko coTa pahu~cAnA hai, use heya yA tiraskRta dRSTi se dekhakara usakI AtmA kA apamAna karanA hai, isalie aisA vAcika karma bAhara se zubha pratIta hone para bhI aMtaraMga se AdhyAtmika evaM naitika dRSTi se azabhu hai|169 yadyapi baMdha aura abaMdha kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para eka mAtra zuddha karma hI abaMdha hai, zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karmabaMdha hai| zubha aura azubha donoM hI prakAra ke karmoM meM rAgabhAva to hotA hI hai| rAga ke abhAva meM kiyA huA karma zubhAzubhatva kI bhUmikA se Upara uThakara zuddhatva kI bhUmikA meM pahu~ca jaayegaa| vaidika dharmagraMthoM meM zubhatva kA AdhAra : Atmavat dRSTi bhagavadgItA aura mahAbhArata meM karma ke zubhatva kA pramANa vyavahAra dRSTi se samasta prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hai| yaha AdhAra vyakti sApekSa, samAja sApekSa bhI hai| bhagavadgItA meM kahA gayA hai- jo vyakti sukha aura duHkha meM samasta prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi rakhakara vyavahAra karatA hai, vahI gItA kI bhASA meM paramayogI aura parama zubhakarmA hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA hai - 'jo jaisA apane lie cAhatA hai, vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsare ke prati bhI kre|' isI prakAra Age kahA gayA hai- 'tyAga, dAna, sukha-du:kha, priya-apriya sabhI meM dUsare ko apanI AtmA ke tulya mAnakara vyavahAra kro|' jo dUsare prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat vyavahAra karatA hai, vahI svarga ke divya sukhoM ko prApta karatA hai| jo vyavahAra svayaM ko priya lagatA hai, vahI vyavahAra dUsare ke prati kiyA jAe, yahI dharma (zubha) aura adharma (azubha) kI pahacAna hai|170 mahAbhArata zAntiparva171 aura mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva172 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| bauddha dharmagraMthoM meM karma zubhatva kA AdhAra : Atmaupamya dRSTi bauddha dharma meM karma ke zubhatva kA AdhAra 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' ko hI sarvatra mAnA gayA hai| dhammapada173 buddha ne spaSTa kahA hai| sabhI prANI daMDa (maraNAMta kaSTa) se Darate haiN| mRtyu se bhI loga bhayAviSTa ho jAte haiN| sabako jIvana priya hai| ata: sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmatulya

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271 samajhakara na mAreM, na mArane kI preraNA deN| sukhAbhilASI prANiyoM ko jo apane sukha kI cAha ko lekara duHkha detA hai, vaha mArakara sukha prApta nahIM krtaa| isake viparIta jo sukhAbhilASI jIvoM ko apane sukha kI lipsA se kabhI duHkha nahIM detA, vaha marakara sukha prApta karatA hai|' tathAgata buddha 'suttanipAta174 meM svayaM kahate haiM- 'jaisA meM haiM vaisA hI ye anya jIva bhI haiM; jaise ye anya jIva haiM, vaise hI maiM huuN|' isa prakAra sabhI ko Atmatulya samajhakara kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie'' yahI karma ke ekAMta zubhatva kA mUlAdhAra hai| jaina dRSTi se karma ke ekAMta zubhatva kA AdhAra : Atmatulya dRSTi jainadarzana ke anusAra bhI karma ke ekAMta zubhatva kA mUlAdhAra Atmopamya dRSTi hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai- 'jo trasa aura sthAvara sabhI prANiyoM para samyaktvayukta (sama) rahatA hai, usI kI saccI sAmAyika (samatvayoga) kI sAdhanA hotI hai, aisA vItarAga kevalI bhagavAna kA kathana hai|' saMsAra ke samasta SaTkAyika prANiyoM ko AtmatulyamAno prANiyoM ke prati Atmatulya vyavahAra kro|175 ityAdi Agamavacana karma ke ekAMta zubhatva ke sUcaka haiN| sAMsArika aura chadmastha manuSya ke jIvana meM zubhAzubha karmoM kI dhUpa-chA~va calatI rahatI hai, paraMtu eka bAta nizcita hai ki, jo vyakti sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTikoNa rakhakara vyavahAra karatA hai aura pratikSaNa pratyeka kriyA, pravRtti yA caryA karate samaya apramatta, sAvadhAna, yatnAzIla rahatA hai, usake azubhakarma kA baMdha usa samaya nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha pratipala sAvadhAna hokara karmoM ke Agamana (Asrava) ke dvAroM ko baMda kara detA hai aura mana indriyoM ko saMyama meM rakhakara calatA hai| vaha pratyeka kriyA kA jJAtA draSTA rahatA hai tathA manojJa-amanojJa, priyatA-apriyatA, saMyoga-viyoga ke prati rAga-dveSa nahIM krtaa| vaha pratyeka paristhiti meM samabhAva se bhAvita rahatA hai| usameM jJAna cetanA rahatI hai, karmaphala cetanA kI AkAMkSA nahIM rakhatA hai|176 niSkarSa yaha hai ki, aisA sAvadhAna chadmastha sAdhaka zuddhopayoga meM rahane ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai, paraMtu prazasta rAgavaza bIca-bIca meM azubhayoga meM virata hone athavA azubhayoga kA nirodha karane hetu zubhayoga meM pravRtta rahatA hai| pUrvabaddha zubha-azubha karma udaya meM Ane para bhI vaha sAvadhAna hokara samabhAva se unheM bhogatA hai yA saMkramaNa karake azubha ko zubha rUpa meM pariNata kara letA hai| zuddha karma kI vyAkhyA jaina karmavijJAna kI dRSTi se zuddhakarma tAtparya usa jIvana vyavahAra se hai, jisameM kisI bhI kriyA kI pravRtti ke pIche rAgadveSa nahIM hotA, vyakti kevala usa kriyA yA pravRtti kA jJAtAdraSTA hotA hai| aisA zuddha karma AtmA ko baMdhana meM nahIM ddaaltaa| vaha abaMdhaka karma (akarma) hai| jainadarzana ne sAdhaka kA lakSya zubha-azubha athavA maMgala-amaMgala se Upara

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272 uThakara zuddha karma kI ora baDhanA batAyA hai| mokSa prApti ke lie zubha aura azubha (puNya aura pApa) donoM ko baMdhakAraka evaM heya batAyA hai / AdhyAtmika jIvana kI pUrNatA zubha-azubha se Upara uThakara zuddha dazA meM sthita hone meM hai aura aisA tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba sAdhaka azubha para pUrNa vijaya ke sAtha hI zubha (puNya) se bhI Upara uThakara zuddha pariNatI meM sthira ho jAtA hai| jaba taka zubha-azubha kA vikalpa mana meM banA rahegA, taba taka pUrNataH zuddha avasthA kI sthiti nahIM ho skegii| 177 zubha azubha donoM ko kSaya karane kA krama zubha aura azubha donoM kA kSaya karane kA krama jainAcAryoM ne isa prakAra batAyA hai- jaise eraMDa kA bIja yA anya virecaka auSadhi mala ke rahane taka rahatI hai, mala ke nikala jAne para vaha bhI sAtha meM nikala jAtI hai, vaise hI pApamala ke nikala jAne ke bAda puNya bhI apanA phala dekara samApta ho jAtA hai| ve kisI bhI naI karma saMtati ko utpanna nahIM karate / vastutaH jaise sAbuna maila ko sApha karatA hai, maila sApha hone para vaha svayaM hI alaga ho jAtA hai, vaise hI puNya (zubhakarma), pApa (azubhakarma) rUpamala ko alaga karane meM pahale sahAyaka hotA hai aura usake alaga ho jAne para svayaM bhI alaga ho jAtA hai| azubha karma se bacane para zeSa zubha karma prAyaH zuddha banate haiM pahale to sAdhaka ko azubhakarma se bacanA caahie| azubha karma se surakSita ho jAne para zeSa rahA zubha karma bhI bahudhA zuddha karma bana jAtA hai| vAstava meM dveSa para pUrNa vijaya pA lene para rAga bhI zeSa mAtra raha jAtA hai, phira to rAgadveSa ke abhAva meM usase jo bhI karma hogeM, ve zuddha (IryApathika) karma hoMgeM / jainAcAra darzana meM batAyA hai ki, tapa, saMyama evaM saMvara Adi kArya yadi anAsakta bhAva yA rAgadveSa rahita hokara kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha karmakSaya kA kAraNa hai aura yadi pUrvokta kArya AsaktipUrvaka yA rAgadveSayukta bhAva se kiyA jAe to vaha baMdhana kA kAraNa hai jaina darzana naM sAdhaka kA vaha aMtima lakSya azubha se zubha karma kI ora baDhanA aura phira zubha se zuddhasvarUpa ko prApta karanA batAyA hai / 178 bhagavadgItA meM kahA hai, zubha aura azubha karma donoM hI baMdhakAraka haiN| mokSa prApta lie unase Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai / 'samatva buddhiyukta puruSa zubha (sukRta) aura azubha (duSkRta) donoM karmoM ko tyAga detA hai|' sacce bhagavatapriya bhakta kA lakSaNa batAte hue hai- 'jo kabhI na harSita hotA hai, na dveSa karatA hai, na zoka (yA ciMtA) karatA hai aura na manojJa padArtha yA zubhaphala kI AkAMkSA karatA hai, jo zubha aura azubha donoM karmoM kA parityAgI hai, vaha bhaktivAna sAdhaka mujhe priya hai / 179

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273 zubhAzubha karmoM ke baMdhana se chUTane kA upAya batAte hue gItAkAra kahate haiM- 'tU jo kucha karma karatA hai, jaise ki khAnA, pInA, havana Adi karanA athavA tapa, dAna karatA hai, vaha zubhAzubha karma mujhe (paramAtmA ko) arpita karade arthAt sabhI karmoM ke prati phalAsakti bhAva mata rkh| isa prakAra bhagavadarpaNa se tU saMnyAsa yogayukta hokara terA mana zubha-azubha phala dene vAle karma baMdhanoM se mukta ho jAyegA aura tU vimukta hokara mujhe (paramAtmA ko) prAptata kara legaa'|180 isa prakAra gItA kA bhI saMketa adhyAtma pUrNa jIvana ke lie azubha karma se zubha karma kI ora tathA zubha karma se zuddha karma kI ora baDhanA hai| bauddha darzana kA bhI aMtima lakSya zubha (zukla) aura azubha (kRSNa) karma se Upara uThakara zuddha (azuddha akRSNa) karma kI prApti karanA hai| 'suttanipAta' meM bhagavAna buddha kA vacana hai| 'jo puNyapApa ko tyAga kara zAMta (nivRtta) ho gayA hai, isa loka aura paraloka ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jJAta karake karmaraja se rahita ho cukA hai, jo janma maraNa se para ho cukA hai, usa sthira zramaNa ko sthitAtmA kahA jAtA hai|' ___ isI prakAra suttanipAta meM sabhiya parivrAjaka dvArA buddha vaMdanA meM bhI kahA gayA hai- jisa prakAra manohara puMDarIka kamala jala meM lepAyamAna nahIM hotA, isI prakAra buddha puNya-pApa donoM meM lepAyamAna nahIM hote|181 vastuta: bauddhadarzana bhI jainadarzana kI taraha zubhAzubha karma se Upara uThakara zuddhakarma meM sva-zuddha svarUpa meM sthira hone kI bAta kahatA hai| isI prakAra pAzcAtya AcAradarzana ke aneka puraskartAoM ne bhI AdhyAtmika paripUrNatA ke kSetra meM pahu~cane kI bAta ko mahattva diyA hai| 'breDale' nAmaka dArzanika ke anusAra pUrNa Atma sAkSAtkAra ke lie naitikatA (zubhAzubha) ke kSetra se Upara uThegA, taba Izvara se tAdAmya sthApita hogA taba zubha aura azubha kA dvanda yA virobhAsa samApta ho jaayegaa|182 niSkarSa yaha hai ki, zubhAzubhakarma kA kSetra vyAvahArika naitikatA hai| jisakA AcaraNa samAja sApekSa hai, jabaki pAramArthika, naitikatA (AdhyAtmikatA) kA kSetra zuddha cetanA kA hai, anAsakta, vItarAga dRSTi kA hai, jo vyakti sApekSa hai, usakA aMtima lakSya vyakti ko baMdhana se bacAkara mukti (pUrNa svataMtratA) kI ora le jAnA hai| yahI karma ke zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa kA mUlAdhAra hai|

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274 saMdarbha 1. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 5, sUtra 3 2. samayasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), prastA. pR. 45 3. dharmAdharma na bhAsi, bhedAsina khaNDitaH / / padmanaMdi (paMcaviMzaMtikA), pR. 25 4. samayasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), prastA. pR. 89 5. karmArIn ripUnahanti nazyatIti arihan bhetAraM karma bhU bhuutaam| ___ sarvAthasiddhi (pU. A. gRddhapiccha), TIkA 6. karmavijJAna (vijayapremasUrijI), pR. 9 7. baMdhavihANe mUla pyddibNdho| karmagraMtha, pR. 12 8. jIva parataMtrI kurvanti sa parataMtrI kriyate vA yastAni krmaanni| ___ AptaparIkSA (zrImadvidyAnaMdasvAmI), pR. 113-296 9. AptaparIkSA (zrImadvidyAnaMdasvAmI), pR. 1 10. mahAbaMdho, bhAga-1, prastA. (paM. sumeracaMdra divAkara zAstrI), pR. 54-55 11. mahAbaMdho, bhAga- 1, prastA. (paM. sumeracaMdra divAkara zAstrI), pR. 55 12. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhA. 5/24/9488/21 13. AptaparIkSA (zrImadvidyAnaMdasvAmI), pR. 114-115/246/247 14. karmavAda, pR. 89 15. karma aura karmaphala (jinavANI karma siddhAMta, vize.), pR. 148 16. karmavijJAna, bhAga-1 (upA. devendramuni), pR. 411 17. upayogo lakSaNam / tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 2, sUtra 8 18. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDaLa dvArA prakAzita), pR. 8 19. paDa paDihArasi majjahali.... munneyvvaa| gA. 29 . gommaTasAra karmakAMDa, pR. 9, (paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDaLa dvArA prakAzita) 20. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDaLa dvArA prakAzita, pR. 10 21. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), pR. 10 22. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMta cakravartI), pR. 11 23. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMta cakravartI), pR. 11 24. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhA. 5/24/9488/21 25. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMta cakravartI), pR. 12

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275 26. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (paM. sukhalAlajI ma.), pR. 93 27. dhavalA (saMpA. phUlacaMdra siddhAMtazAstrI), 1/1/133/242-8 tathA 234-3 28. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, 14/44/10 29. tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdrasUri), 8/33 30. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 (saMpA. munizrI mizrImalajI ma.), pR. 142 31. karmavAda, pR. 123 32. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) (nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI), pR. 21 33. samayasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), prastA. pR. 5 34. karma-vijJAna bharaga 1 (upAcArya devendra munijI), pR. 147 35. dhavalA (saMpA. phUlacaMdra siddhAMtazAstrI), sUtra 34, pR. 15 36. samayasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), gA. 160-163 37. paramAtmaprakAza (yogasAra) (yogindu deva), gA. 1/66 38. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhA. 5/24/9 pR. 488 39. karmavAda (yuvA. mahAprajJajI), pR. 87-88 40. karmavAda (yuvA. mahAprajJajI), pR. 87-88 41. karmavijJAna, bhAga-1 (saMpA. upA. devendramuni), pR. 421 42. karmavAda (yuvA. mahAprajJajI), pR. 138 43. karmavAda (yuvA. mahAprajJajI), pR. 138-139 44. karmavAda (yuvA. mahAprajJajI), pR. 139 45. paMcAstikAya (A. kuMdakuMda), gA. 27 46. paMcAstikAya (A. kuMdakuMda), tAtparyavRtti, gA. 70 47. jinavANI karmasiddhAMta vizeSAMka, pR. 122 48. dharma aura darzana (upA. devendramuni), pR. 50 49. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcan (zrImadabhagavad gItA, gItApresa- gorakhapura) a. 2-47 50. karmano siddhAMta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara), pR. 75-76 51. karmavijJAna, bhAga-1 (upA. devendramuni), pR. 430 52. zete saha zayAnena,..... tiSThatyatha sahAtmanaH / / paMcataMtra, 2/130 53. 'katArameva aNujAi kammaM / ' uttarA. (saMpA. yu. madhukara muni), 13/13 54. 'bahmA yena kulAlavaniyamito...... tasmai namaH krmnne||' (bhartRhariH nItizataka), zlo. 92

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276 55. karma rahasya (jinendravarNI), pR. 56. rAmacaritamAnasa (gosvAmI tulasIdAsa) 57. AkAzamutpatatu gacchatu vA diganta... karmaphalAnubandhi zAnti shtkm| (siMhalanamizrI), pR. 82 58. karmano siddhAMta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara), pR. 2 59. karmano siddhAMta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara), pR. 2 60. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha (zrIAdicaMdra prabhu AcAryazrI), pR. 328 61. samayasAra, 172 / ka 116 (paM. jayacaMdrajI) 62. kA vi apuvvA dIsAdi puggala.....jAI jiivss|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA (zrIsvAmI kArtikeya), pR. 211 63. kammAI baliyAI....... hatthIva nnlinnivnN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA (AcArya zrIzivArya), gA. 1621 64. paramAtma prakAza (yogasAra) (yogindu deva), pR. 150 65. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamunijI), pR. 115 66. kalpasUtra (saMpA. paM. ratnamunizrI nemicaMdrajI ma.), pR. 176-180 67. bha. mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana (upA. devendramuni), pR. 71 68. bhagavatIsUtra, za. 15 69. mahAvIracariyaM (guNacandra), pR. 162 70. gahanA karmaNo gti| (sudAmA kathana), karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara), pR. 1 71. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamunijI), pR. 116-117 72. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhA. 5/24/9488/21tathA 1/15/13/61 73. bhagavatI ArAdhanA (AcArya zrIzivArya), gA. 1610 74. sarvArthasiddhi (zrImadAcArya pUjyapAda), 1/20/101/2 75. samayasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), gA. 161-163 76. dharma aura darzana (upA. devendramunijI), pR. 46 77. AtmatattvavicAra (zrI vijayalakSmaNasUri), pR. 280 78. samayasAra (bAlAvabodha, paM. jayacaMdra), 317/ka 198 79. AtmatattvavicAra (zrI vijayalakSmaNasUri), pR. 280 80. jJAna kA amRta (jJAnamunijI), pR. 115 81. vizeSAvazyaka bhA. (gaNadharavAda), 2/25 82. kohaM mANaM ca ....... hiymppnno|| dazavaikAlika (saMpA.yuvA.madhukaramuni), 8/37

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277 pR. 149 83. jinavANI karmasiddhAMta vize., 84. dharma aura darzana ( upAcArya deveMdra munijI), pR. 47 85. khavittA puvva kammAI, saMjameNa taveNaya / savvadukkha pahiNaTThA, pakkamaMti mahesiNo // uttarA (saMpA. madhukaramuni), 28/36 86. jo sahassaM... paramo jao // uttarA (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), 9.34 / 36 87. karmavijJAna, bhAga - 1 ( upAcArya deveMdra munijI), pR. 445 88. vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( gaNadharavAda) (paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ), gA. 1619-1621, pR. 37, 38 89. ( gaNadharavAda) (paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ), gA. 1625-26-27 90. rupiNaH puggalAH pudgala rUpI (mUrta) hai| tattvA. sUtra (vivecana paM. sukhalAlajI), a. 5/4, 23 pR. 117 91. dhavalA (saMpA. phUlacaMdra siddhAMtazAstrI), sUtra 24, pR. 13 kammANa muttANi || 92. jamhA kammassa paMcAstikAya (A. kuMdakuMda), gA. 133 93. AptaparIkSA (vidyAnaMda svAmI), zloka. 115 94. karma : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana, ( upAcArya deveMdra munijI), pR. 25 95. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha (DaoN. hukumacaMda bhArilla), pR. 95 96. kaSAyapAhuDa (AcArya guNadhara), 1/1/1 pR. 57 97. audArikAdi............. kvApi dRzyate / tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdrasUri ), 5/15 98. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, gA. 1625 99. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 1 ( marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI ma. ), pR. 15 100. samayasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), gA. 45 101. kattA bhottA AdA..... vavahAro / niyamasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), gA. 18 102. nahi kazcit kSaNamapi ... guNaiH // bhagavadgItA, gorakhapura presa, pR. 3 / 5 103. na karmaNAm nArambhAnnaiSkarmya .... samadhi gacchati / / bhagavadgItA, gorakhapura presa, pR. 3/4 104. karmendriyANi.. sa uccate // bhagavadgItA, gorakhapura presa, pR. 3/6 105. karmagraMtha, bhAga - 1 (marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI ma. ), pR. 25-26 .106. tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdra sUri), pR. 112, 113 107. navatattva (zrI. agaracaMdra bhairodAna seThiyA), pR. 76-81 108. vyAkhyAprajJapti (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), za. 3.3.3 sU. 150-153

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278 109. jainatattva prakAza (jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 354-363 110. jainendra siddhAMta koza (kSu. jinendravarNI), bhAga - 2, pR. 174 111. arthAgama (bhagavatI sUtra), (saM puSpabhikkhu), khaMDa- 2 pR. 621-678 112. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 51 113. karmavijJAna, bhAga-1 (upA. devendramuni), pR. 507 114. tattvArthasUtra, a. 6, sUtra - 5 115. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), za. 8, u. 8 sUtra- 341-342 116. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), za. 7, u. 1 sUtra - 267 117. jAva sajogI kevalI bhavaI .... akammayA ca bhvii| uttarA. sUtra, ((saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 29/71 118. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina). pa. 54 119. pammAya kamma mAhasu apammAya tahADavaraM / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ((saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 1/8/3 120. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva .... vrdsihi| uttarA. sUtra, (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni) a. 28/2 121. mahAbhArata (zAMtiparva), 240 122. dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 9/4/4,5 123. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1, a. - 8 gA. 22-24 124. kiM karma.... mokssyse'shubhaat| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1, a. - 8 gA. 23-24 .125. je AsavA te parisavA . (zrImadabhagavada gItA, gItApresa- gorakhapura), a. 4, sUtra 16 126. AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1, a. 4 u. 2 127. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1, a. -8/ 23, 24 128. jinavANI karmasiddhAMta vizeSAMka (kizora mazruvAlA), pR. 250 129. pamAya kamha mAhaMsu appabhAva thaavr| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1, a. - 8 gA. 3 130. pamatte bahiyA pAsa, appamatte tathA prikkmijjaasi| AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1, a. 4, u. 1 131. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 49 .132. puruSArthasiddhyupAya (zrImad amRtacaMdrAcArya), gA. 46, 47, 51, 45

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279 133. bhagavatIsUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1, u. 8 sUtra - 65 se 69 134. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, za. 7 u. 1 za. 8 tathA za. 17- u. 1 18/8 (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1 135. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1/12/15 136. dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 4, gA. 8/9 137. AcArAMga sUtra a. 3, u. 2/371 tathA a. 3 u. 3 sUtra 378 138. karmagraMtha, bhAga- 1 bhUmikA (paM. sukhalAlajI), pR. 26 139. AcArAMga sUtra, zru. 1 a. 2 u. 6; (yuvAcArya madhukaramuni),1.3.1 140. iSTopadeza (AcArya pUjyapAda), pR. 41 141. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 32 / gA. 99 142. bhagavadagItA (DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana), a. 18/ zlo. 17 143. gItA rahasya (lokamAnya tilaka), 4/16 144. pravacanasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), 3/17 145. bhagavadagItA (DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana), a. 18/ zlo. 23 146. gItA (gItApresa gorakhapura), 3/7 147. bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana (DaoN. sAgaramalajI), a. 1 148. bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana (DaoN. sAgaramalajI), a. 1 149. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 50 150. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 23 / gA.71, 73 151. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR.35 152. zubha puNyasya- tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAtI jI), a. 6/3 153. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 38 154. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), za. 7 u. 10 155. sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), sthAna 9 u. 3, pR. 787 156. suttAgame (ThANe) (saM puppha bhikkhu), bhAga- 1 ThA. 9 pR. 297 157. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 38 158. bhagavadagItA (DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana), a. 18/ zlo.17 159. dhammapada (rAhala sAMkRtyAyana), gA. 249 160. bhagavadagItA (DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana), a. 17/ zlo. 25 161. bhagavadagItA (DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana), a. 18/ zlo. 14 162. dhammapada (rAhula sAMkRtyAyana), gA. 1/1

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280 163. jIvanadharma (ujjvalakumArIjI ma. sA.), pR. 112 164. karmavijJAna, bhAga - 1 ( upAcArya deveMdra munijI ma. sA.), pR. 535 165. saMbodha sattarI (haribhadrasUri kRta) karmavijJAna, bhAga - 1 ( upAcArya deveMdra munijI ma. sA.), pR. 542 166. prANA yathA'tmano'bhISTa samAcareta / mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva 258 / 21 167. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), zru. 1.11.14 .168. anuyogadvArasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), sU. 125 169. dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 7 / gA. 12 170. Atmopamyena sarvatra..... sayogI paramomata // bhagavadagItA (DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana), a. 6 / zlo. 32 171. mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva 258 / 21 172. mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva 113 / 6-10 173. dhammapada (saMpA. rAhula sAMkulyAyana), 129- 131, 133 174. suttanipAta (saMpA. dharmAnaMda kosAMbI), 37 / 27 175. jo samosavva bhUtesu tasesu ... kevali bhAsiyaM / anuyogadvArasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), sUtra 129 * 176. dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 4 / 8, 9 177. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 44 178. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 45-46 179. buddhi yukto jahAtIha ..... duSkRte / .bhagavadagItA (saMpA. DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana), a. 2 / zlo. 50 180. yo na hRSyati.... bhaktimAn yaH sa me priyaH // bhagavadagItA (saMpA. DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana), a. 12 / zlo. 17 181. suttanipAta (saMpA. dharmAnaMda kosAMbI), 32/11/38 182. jaina karmasiddhAMta eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina), pR. 47 * * *

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SaSTham prakaraNa karmoM kA srota : Asrava

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281 283 285 285 286 286 287 287 SaSThama-prakaraNa karmoM kA srota : Astrava karma praveza : jIva meM kaise? Asrava kI vyAkhyAe~ Astrava kA lakSaNa puNyAsrava aura pApAstrava dravyAsrava aura bhAvAstava IryApatha aura sAMparAyika Asrava Asrava ke pA~ca bheda mithyAtva Atrava avrata Astrava pramAda Astrava kaSAya Astrava yoga Asrava karmoM kA saMvaraNa : saMvara saMvara kI vyAkhyAe~ mokSamArga ke lie saMvara rAjamArga samyaktva kA lakSaNa samyaktva ke pA~ca aticAra samyaktva ke bheda virati 288 290 291 292 294 294 295 296 297 298 299 299 301 o apramAda 302 302 akaSAya ayoga Asrava aura saMvara meM aMtara nirAstravI hone kA upAya niSkarSa saMvara kA mahattva 0 0 m mm 0 30

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282 305 306 307 308 h 0 0 0 h h h 325 326 327 h llh 328 329 karmoM kA nirjaraNa : nirjarA nirjarA kA artha nirjarA ke do prakAra nirjarA ke bAraha prakAra tapa kA mahattva baMdha kA svarUpa baMdha ke do bheda : dravyabaMdha aura bhAvabaMdha baMdha ke cAra bheda karmoM se sarvathA mukti mokSa kA svarUpa mokSa prApti ke upAya mokSa ke lakSaNa mokSa kA vivecana vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa jaina darzana meM mokSa dravyamokSa aura bhAvamokSa karmakSaya kA krama mokSa : samIkSA karmakSaya kA phala : mokSa mokSa prApti kA prathama sopAna samyaktva samyakdarzana samyakjJAna samyakacAritra cAritra ke do bheda nizcaya cAritra vyavahAra cAritra anya darzanoM meM trividha sAdhanAmArga saMdarbha-sUcI s lh llh lh llh sh 3 0 9 0 0 or orr mmsw 9 0 or orm llh sh lh llh lh 337 338 340 341 341 342 343 344

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283 SaSTham prakaraNa karmoM kA strota : Astrava saMsAra ke sabhI prANI karmoM se yukta haiN| prANiyoM ke jIvana meM pratikSaNa karmoM kA AvAgamana calatA rahatA hai| alpajJa jIva isa bAta ko nahIM jAnate ki karma kaba Aye? kaise Aye aura kaba apanA phala dekara cale gaye? saMsAra ke prANI, vizeSarUpa se mAnava prAya: nahIM jAnate haiM aura na hI kabhI jAnane kA prayala karate haiM ki 'hama yahA~ isa loka meM isa rUpa meM kyoM aura kisa kAraNa se Aye haiM? kahA~ se Aye haiM? kahA~ jAnA hai?'1 zubha-azubha karmoM ke Agamana ko jaina karmavijJAna kI bhASA meM Asrava kahate haiN|2 karma praveza : jIva meM kaise? jaise bijalI, sUkhI lakaDI, plAsTika yA kA~ca Adi para nahIM giratI arthAt jisa vyakti ne paira meM plAsTika ke jUte pahane hoMge yA vaha sUkhI cIja para khar3A hogA to use bijalI kA karaMTa nahIM lagatA paraMtu jahA~ koI dhAtu ho athavA kisI dhAtu se lagakara pAnI kA sparza ho rahA ho to bijalI kA karaMTa sAre zarIra meM praviSTa ho jaayegaa| Broadcast se nikalI huI dhvani-taraMge AkAza meM sarvatra ghUmatI rahatI haiM, paraMtu prakaTa vahIM hotI haiM jahA~ TI.vI., reDiyo yA TrA~jisTara kA svIca khulA huA ho| karmaprAyogya-pudgala paramANu sAre AkAza meM tathA jIva ke AsapAsa meM phaile hue haiM, ve ghUmate rahate haiM, para praveza usI AtmA meM karate haiM jahA~ rAgadveSa Adi kI cikanAhaTa ho| karmoM ko khIMcakara yA AkarSita kara AtmA meM praveza karAne ke kAraNa hI unheM Asrava kahA jAtA hai| . AgamoM meM Asrava ko samajhAne hetu tAlAba kI upamA dI gaI hai| jaise eka tAlAba meM pAnI Ane ke pA~ca dvAra haiM, usI prakAra AtmA rUpI sarovara meM bhI karmarUpI jala Ane ke pA~ca Asrava dvAra haiN| ina dvAroM meM se eka dvAra bhI yadi khulA rahe to karma aayeNge|3 tattvArthasAra aura tattvArtharAjavArtika' aura navapadArtha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| Asrava kA vivecana AcAryoM ne do prakAra se kiyA hai- jisase karma Aye vaha Asrava hai athavA AsravaNa mAtra yAne karmoM kA AnA mAtra AsravaNa hai| rAjavArtika meM isa saMbaMdha meM eka rUpaka hai- jaise samudra khulA rahatA hai, use koI bA~dha yA taTa nahIM banA hotaa| isalie jala se paripUrNa nadiyA~ cAroM ora se Akara samudra meM bhara jAtI haiN| isI prakAra AtmarUpI samudra ke cAroM ora se karmarUpI jala Ane ke chora khule hone se una srotoM dvArA karma bhI nizcitarUpase

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284 AyegeM / 7 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne se mukti cAhane vAle sAdhakoM ko sabhI dizAoM (tInoM loka) meM khule hue karmoM ke srotoM se sAvadhAna karate hue kahA hai, 'he sAdhaka Upara arthAt UrdhvadizA meM, nIce arthAt adho dizA meM tathA madhya arthAt tiryag dizA meM bhI ye srota haiM aura ina strotoM ko karmoM kA Agamana dvAra kahA hai inakA samyak prakAra se nirIkSaNa karake sAdhaka ko karma ke srotoM ko baMda kara denA caahie| 8 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isase Age ke sUtra meM kahA, 'AsravoM ke ina srotoM ko baMda karake mokSamArga para niSkramaNa karane vAlA sAdhaka eka dina karmoM se rahita ho jAtA hai / vaha karmoM ke Agamana kI prakriyA ko aura unake srotoM ko baMda karane kA upAya jAnatA huA, yatnApUrvaka pravRtti karatA huA jJAtA, draSTA ho jAtA hai| vaha inakI parijJA yA pratilekhanA karatA huA karmoM kI gati, Agati kA parijJAna karake karma-saMgoM (viSaya- sukha) kI AkAMkSA nahIM rakhatA / 9 Asrava eka aisI Aga hai jo AtmA ke anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtasukha aura anaMtazakti ke asIma pravAha ko avaruddha karatI hai / ataH sAdhaka ko AtmavikAsa ke lie. yaha Avazyaka hai ki Asrava kI isa Aga ko tathA usake utpAdaka va uttejakoM ko bhalI bhA~ti samajhakara hRdayaMgama kara le| jaise kucha loga diyAsalAI jalAkara Aga lagA dete haiM, to kucha loga usa Aga ko bhAbhI dete haiM / isI prakAra Asrava kI Aga lagAne vAle cAra tattva haiM aura uttejita karanevAlA eka tattva hai / ye pA~coM hI milakara Atmabhavana ko vikRta evaM bhasmIbhUta kara dete haiN| Asrava - agni ko jalAne kA prathama utpAdaka mithyAtva hai, dUsarA sahAyaka tattva hai, tIsarA pramAda, cauthA kaSAya hai aura Aga ko bhaDakAne vAlA azubha yoga hai| jisa prakAra pataMge rozanI dekhate hue khice cale Ate haiM aura rozanI para TUTa par3ate haiM, usI prakAra ye karma paramANu bhI ina cAroM AstravAgniyoM kA tApa dekhate hI svataH AkRSTa hokara cale Ate haiM tathA Atma pradezoM meM balAt praviSTa ho jAte haiN| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya ye cAroM prakAra kI AstrAvAgni dasaveM guNasthAna taka samasta saMsArI jIvoM meM tIvra, maMdarUpa meM satat jalatI rahatI hai| agni havA ke binA prajvalita nahIM ho sakatI usI prakAra mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda aura kaSAyarUpI AsravAgniyoM ko prajvalita rakhane vAlI Ayu trividha azubha yoga hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM nami rAjarSI aura indra kA saMvAda pratipAdita hai / iMdra vipra-veSa meM Akara nami rAjarSI kI parIkSA hetu kahate haiM- 'bhagavan! yaha agnI aura yaha pavana Apake maMdira

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285 (prAsAda) ko jalA rahe haiN| ata: Apa apane aMta:pura kI ora kyoM nahIM dekhate? usakI rakSA karanA ApakA kartavya hai ? 10 yaha AsravarUpI agnI, Aga lagAne vAle aura use bhaDakAne vAle dvArA lagAI jA rahI hai aura Apake AtmArUpI maMdira ko jalAkara bhasma kara rahI hai, vikRta banA rahI hai| Apa isase AtmA ko bacAkara apane jJAnAdi guNoM kI nidhi ko surakSita kiijie| -- jaina darzana meM navatattva batAye haiN| jIvatattva, ajIvatattva, puNyatattva, Asravatattva, saMvaratattva, nirjarAtattva, baMdhatattva aura moksstttv|11 Asrava kA artha hai- pApa karmoM kA aanaa| azubha karma AtmA meM niraMtara Ate hI rahate haiN| isalie jIva ko saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karake atIva duHkha sahana karanA par3atA hai| jo AtmA Asrava ko samajhakara usase dUra rahegI vaha karmabaMdhana se mukta rhegii| isa saMsAra meM jIva ko kaSTa dene vAle aneka Asrava haiM, jinake phalasvarUpa nAnA prakAra ke duHkha jIva ko bhogane par3ate haiN| Asrava ko AsravadvAra bhI kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM pA~ca AsravadvAra batAye gaye haiM, ye Asrava mahAbhayaMkara haiM, inameM pApa hamezA Ate hI rahate haiN| Asrava kI vyAkhyAe~ - Asrava zabda 's' saranA, AtmA meM praveza karanA- isa dhAtu se banA hai| jisase karma Ate haiM, use Asrava kahate haiN| yaha zubha-azubha karmoM ke Agamana kA hetu hai| mithyAtva Adi baMdha ke hetu haiM, inheM vItarAga paramAtmA ne Asrava kahA hai| AtmA meM karma ke praveza ko bhI Asrava kahA gayA hai|12 jainatattvadarzana13 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| jisake dvArA karma kA upArjana hotA hai, use Asrava kahate haiN|14 kAya, vAk tathA mana ke karmayoga ko Asrava kahate haiN|15 __ jaina Agama aura jainadarzana meM Asrava kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai- jisa kriyA se, vicAra se tathA bhAvanA se karma vargaNA ke pudgala Ate haiM vaha Asrava hai|16 kevala karmoM kA AnA Asrava hai| 17 jisa prakAra nadiyoM dvArA samudra pAnI se bharA rahatA hai, usI prakAra mithyAdarzana Adi ke srota se AtmA meM karma Ate haiN| 18 Asrava kI aneka vyAkhyAe~ haiM lekina sabakA bhAvArtha eka hI hai| jIva ke rAgadveSa Adi bhAvoM se karma Ate haiM aura usakA baMdha hotA hai| yaha Asrava kI mUla kriyA hai| Astrava kA lakSaNa ___ saMsArI jIva mana, vacana aura kAyA se yukta hote haiN| mana, vacana, kAyA ko yoga kahate haiN| yoga se parispaMdanAtmaka kriyA pratikSaNa hotI rahatI hai, jisake kAraNa jIva hamezA karma

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286 pudgala ke Asrava grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| jisa prakAra nadI dvArA samudra ko hamezA pAnI milatA rahatA hai eka kSaNa bhI pravAha baMda nahIM hotA, usI prakAra jIva, hiMsA, asatya, rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRtti dvArA karma ko satat grahaNa karatA hai| karma eka kSaNa bhI rukatA nahIM isalie karma Agamana ke mArga ko Asrava kahate haiN|19 puNyAsrava aura pApAstrava jIva kA pariNamana do prakAra se hotA hai| zubha aura ashubh| zubhabhAva puNyAsrava aura azubhabhAva pApa kA aasrv| jisa prakAra sarpa ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye dUdha kA viSa meM rUpAMtara hotA hai aura manuSya ke dvArA grahaNa kiye dUdha kA poSaNa ke rUpa meM rUpAMtara hotA hai, usI prakAra bure pariNAma se AtmA meM sravita karmavargaNA ke pudgala pAparUpa meM pariNamana karate haiM aura acche pariNAma se AtmA meM sravita vargaNA ke pudgala puNyarUpa meM pariNamana karate haiN| jIva kI acchI yA burI bhAvanA 'Astrava' kahalAtI hai| 20 jisa jIva meM prazasta rAga hai, anukaMpAyukta pariNAma hai aura citta kI kaluSatA kA abhAva hai| usa jIva ko puNyAsrava kA baMdha hotA hai|21 pramAdasahita kriyA, mana kI malinatA aura indriyoM ke viSaya meM caMcalatA isake sAtha hI anya jIvoM ko du:kha denA, dUsaroM kI niMdA karanA, burA bolanA Adi ke AcaraNa karane se azubha yogI jIva pApa kA Asrava karatA hai, ise hI pApAsrava kahate haiN|22 hiMsA, asatya, bhASaNa, corI, maithuna aura parigraha ina sabakA tyAga karanA hI jinakA lakSaNa hai, aise vrata ko bhAvapUrvaka dhAraNa karanA pApAtrava kama karatA hai aura puNyAsrava ko baDhAtA hai|23 pA~coM pApoM kA tyAga karanA hI vrata hai| vrata se puNyakarma kA Asrava hotA hai|24 dravyAstrava aura bhAvAstava Asrava ke do bheda haiM- dravyAsrava aura bhaavaatrv| Asrava ke do bheda mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMsArI jIva kA zarIra Adi se saMbaMdha hai aura saMsAra meM aneka prakAra kI pudgala vargaNAe~ bharI huI haiN| inameM kArmaNA vargaNA bhI eka hai aura vaha karmarUpa banane kI yogyatA dhAraNa karatI hai paraMtu kArmaNa vargaNA karmarUpa usI samaya banatI hai, jaba jIva Atma pradezoM meM parispaMdana karatA hai| isalie kArmaNa vargaNA aura Atma pariNAma - ina donoM ko alagaalaga samajhane ke lie dravyAsrava aura bhAvAtrava ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| bhAvAstrava tela se AveSTita padArtha ke samAna hai aura dravyAsrava usase cipakane vAlI dhUla ke samAna hai| bhAvAstrava nimitta kAraNa hai aura dravyAstrava sAmarthya ke pariNAma ko dikhAte haiN|

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287 AtmA ke svayaM ke jina zubha-azubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa pudgala dravyakarma banakara AtmA meM Ate haiM, una pariNAmoM ko bhAvAssrava kahate haiM / 25 jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra, aMtarAya ina ATha karmoM ke yoga se jisa pudgala karma kA Agamana hotA hai, vaha dravyAstrava hai / 26 jIva ke dvArA hara samaya mana, vacana aura kAyAdvArA zubha yA azubha pravRtti hotI hai, unheM jIva kA bhAvAstrava kahate haiN| usake nimitta se kucha vizeSa prakAra kI jo jar3a pudgala vargaNAe~ AkRSTa hokara usake pradeza meM praveza karatI haiM, vaha dravyAstrava hai / 27 T IryApatha aura sAMparAyika Astrava jaina Agama meM Asrava ke sAmAnyataH do bheda aura kahe gae haiN| IryApatha Asrava aura sAMparAyika Asrava / kaSAya sahita jIva ko sAMparAyika Asrava hotA hai aura kaSAya-rahita vItarAga jIva ko IryApatha Asrava hotA hai / 28 tattvArthazlokAvArtika 29 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| kaSAyayukta yoga se hone vAlA sAMparAyika Astrava baMdha kA kAraNa hone se saMsAra ko baDhAtA hai / parAya kA artha hai saMsAra / saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta karmoM ko sAMparAyika karma kahate haiM saMparAyaH saMsAraH tat prayojanam karma sAMparAyikam / jo karma saMsAra kA prayojana hai aura saMsAra kI vRddhi karane vAlA hai, aise karma ke Agamana ko saparAyika astrava kahate haiM / 30 AtmA kA saMparAya arthAt parAbhava karane vAlA karma sAMparAyika hai| yoga dvArA AkRSTa hone vAle karma pudgala kaSAya ke udaya ke kAraNa AtmA se cipaka jAte haiM aura sthiti prApta karate haiM, yaha sAMparAyika karma hai| IryApathika aura sAMparAyika donoM prakAra ke AsravoM meM yoga nimitta hai| tInoM prakAra ke yoga samAna haiM, phira bhI yadi kaSAya na ho, to upArjita karma meM sthiti kA baMdha nahIM hotA / sthitibaMdha kA kAraNa kaSAya hai, isalie kaSAya hI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai arthAt sakaSAya jIva ke Asrava ko sAMparAyika Asrava aura akaSAya jIva ke Asrava ko IryApatha Asrava kahate haiM / 31 tattvArthasAra meM bhI yahI kahA hai / 32 Asrava ke pA~ca bheda Aja mAnavajAti ke samakSa agaNita samasyAe~ haiN| mAnava samasyAoM se kyoM gra tA hai aura kyoM inake kaTu phala bhogatA hai ? ina samasyAoM kA mUla srota kyA hai ? ise jAnanA Avazyaka hai| vItarAga paramAtmA ne samasyAoM kA mUla srota 'Asrava' kahA hai| 1 yaha Asrava janma, jarA, vyAdhi, mRtyu Adi duHkharUpa saMsAra kA mUla hetu hai| ThANAMga 33

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288 samavAyAMga 34 aura tattvArthasUtra 35 meM AsravadvAra pAMca prakAra ke batAye haiM2) avrata, 3) pramAda, 4) kaSAya, 1) mithyAtva, ye pA~ca baMdha hetu arthAt Asrava hai / jIva ke pariNAma haiN| 5 ) yoga / mithyAtva Astrava karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa kaunasA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai, ki karmabaMdha: ca mithyAtva-yuktam / arthAt karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa mithyAtva hai / 36 mithyAtva ko mithyAdRSTi tathA mithyAdarzana bhI kahate haiN| mithyAtva jaba taka rahegA anya kAraNa bhI raheMge, isalie Astrava ke kAraNoM meM prathama sthAna mithyAtva ko tathA avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ko kramazaH dUsarA, tIsarA, cauthA aura pA~cavA sthAna diyA gayA hai| ina pA~ca sthAnoM meM prathama mithyAtva kA sthAna pramukha hai aura vaha pA~coM sthAnoM meM dikhAI detA hai / 37 mithyAdRSTi yAne mithyA arthAt asatya aura dRSTi arthAt darzana athavA zraddhA asatyazraddhAna yA asatya darzana mithyAdRSTi hai| jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, aura Adi nau tattvoM para viruddha zraddhAna ko mithyAtva kahate haiM / isa viparIta zraddhAna ke kAraNa jar3a padArthoM meM caitanya buddhi, atattva meM tattva buddhi, adharma meM dharma buddhi Adi viparIta bhAvanAe~ hotI haiN| mithyAtva ke kAraNa sArAsAra viveka nahIM rahatA / padArtha ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM galata dhAraNA banatI hai| kalyANamArga para saccI zraddhA nahIM rahatI / mithyAtva - sahaja aura gRhIta do prakAra kA hotA hai| donoM prakAra ke mithyAtva meM tattvaviSayaka 'abhiruci nirmita nahIM hotii| AtmA kudeva ko deva, kuguru ko guru aura aMdha zraddhAoM ko dharma mAnatA hai / aisA varNana jainendrasiddhAMtakoSa 38, yogazAstra, 39 jaina darzana 40 aura dhavalA 41 Adi meM AtA hai| mithyAtva buddhi ko isa prakAra AcchAdita karatA hai ki yathArtha dRSTi nahIM raha pAtI, sAtha hI dUsare ke viSaya meM bhI yathArtha dRSTi nahIM raha pAtI / mithyAdRSTi kI svarUpa sthiti ko saMkSepa meM viveka zUnya, nirjIva zarIra kahA jAtA hai| jIva jaba mithyAtva se yukta ho jAtA hai, taba anaMtakAla taka saMsAra kA baMdha karate hue saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai, kyoMki mithyAtva hI saba doSoM kA mUla hai| rAga ke prati ruci hone para bhI unake viSaya meM viparIta abhiniveza ( Agraha ) ko . utpanna karane vAlA mithyAtva kahalAtA hai| sAtha hI bAhya viSayoM meM parasaMbaMdhI zuddha Atmatattva se lekara saMpUrNa dravya taka jo viparIta Agraha ko utpanna karatA hai use mithyAtva kahate haiM / 42

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289 mithyAtva kI sthiti meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha prabalatama hote haiN| isakA kSetra bhI vizAla hai, kAla bhI bahuta vyApaka hai aura isake bhAva bhI anaMta haiN| karmoM kA sabase adhika Agamana mithyAdRSTi kI avasthA meM hotA hai| - Agama zAstra meM mithyAtva ko pApa kahA gayA hai| jaba taka mithyAtva kA astitva hotA hai, taba taka zubhAzubha sArI kriyAoM ko adhyAtmadRSTi se pApa hI kahA jAtA hai| zarIradhArI jIva ke lie mithyAtva ke samAna dUsarA koI bhI akalyANakArI nahIM hai| 'sthAnAMgasUtra meM'43 dasa prakAra ke mithyAtva kA varNana isa prakAra AtA hai 1) adharma ko dharma mAnanA, 2) dharma ko adharma mAnanA, 3) unmArga ko sumArga mAnanA, 4) sumArga ko unmArga mAnanA, 5) ajIvoM ko jIva mAnanA, 6) jIvoM ko ajIva mAnanA, 7) asAdhuoM ko sAdhu mAnanA, 8) sAdhuoM ko asAdhu mAnanA, 9) amuktoM ko mukta mAnanA, 10) muktoM ko amukta maannaa| 1) adharma ko dharma mAnanA jisase jIvoM kI hiMsA ho aise dhArmika anuSThAna meM dharma mAnanA mithyAtva hai| 2) dharma ko adharma mAnanA sarvajJa dvArA prarUpita dharma parama hitakArI aura sadA AcAraNIya hai, use anAcaraNIya mAnanA tathA ahiMsAyukta dharma yathAtathya hai, use asatya mAnanA bhI mithyAtva hai| 3) unmArga ko sumArga mAnanA jo mArga saMsAra kI vRddhi karAtA ho, use sanmArga samajhanA mithyAtva hai| 4) sumArga ko unmArga mAnanA . samyagjJAna, jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa rUpa jo sumArga yA mokSamArga hai, unheM karmabaMdha kA yA saMsAra paribhramaNa kA mArga kahanA mithyAtva hai| 5) ajIva ko jIva mAnanA jar3a padArthoM ko jo cetanAmaya yA brahmasvarUpa mAnate haiM aura zraddhA rakhate haiM, use mithyAtva kahate haiN| 6) jIvoM ko ajIva mAnanA ekendriyAdi sUkSma jIvoM ko jIva na mAnanA mithyAtva hai|

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290 7) asAdhuoM ko sAdhu mAnanA pA~ca mahAvrata, aSTa pravacanamAtA, kaSAyoM kI upazAMti, jJAna, dhyAna, tyAga, vairAgya Adi guNa jo sAdhuoM meM batalAye haiM aura guNoM kA pAlana jo sAdhu karate haiM unako yadi asAdhu kahe to mithyAtva hai| 8) sAdhuoM ko asAdhu mAnanA pA~ca mahAvrata, aSTa pravacanamAtA, kaSAyoM kI upazAMti jJAna, dhyAna, tyAga-vairAgya Adi jo guNa sAdhuoM meM batalAye haiM aura guNoM kA pAlana jo sAdhu karate haiM unako yadi asAdhu kahe to mithyaatv| 9) amuktoM ko mukta mAnanA saMsArI jIva ko zuddhAtmA mAnanA mithyAtva hai| 10) muktoM ko amukta mAnanA siddhAtmA ko saMsArI AtmA kahanA mithyAtva hai| isa prakAra mithyAtva ko mohanIya karma kI prabala zakti kahA hai| jo manuSya ko mUr3ha banA detI hai| isake prabhAva se manuSya satya ko jAnate hue bhI nahIM jAna pAtA, dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekha pAtA aura sunate hue bhI anasunA kara detA hai| mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI jIva tInoM loka ke samasta padArthoM para apanA adhipatya jamAtA hai| tIvra kaSAyoM kA sevana karake azuddha lezyAoM kA uttejita honA bhI mithyAtva-madya kA nazA hai|44 mAsa-khamaNa kI tapazcaryA karane vAlA ajJAnI sAdhaka pAraNe ke dina kuza kI noMka para Ave utane bhikSAnna ko grahaNa kara puna: mAsakhamaNa (pratijJA) karatA hai tathApi usakI itanI tapazcaryA samyaktvI kI solahavI kalA ke barAbara bhI nahIM hai| avrata (aviratI) Astrava ___ viratI kA artha tyAga aura tyAga na karanA 'aviratI' hai arthAt icchA aura pApAcaraNa se virata na honA avirata hai| indriya viSayoM kA tyAga na karanA tathA tyAga kI bhAvanA na rakhanA, tyAga ke bAre meM udAsIna rahanA aura bhoga meM utsAha dikhAnA aviratI hai|46 mAnava meM eka AkAMkSA kI vRtti hotI hai| usake kAraNa usa padArtha meM anurakta hotA hai| use prApta karane tathA bhogane kI icchA rakhatA hai usa vRtti se astitva meM padArthoM se virakta nahIM hotI isalie isa vRtti kA nAma avirati hai| isa avasthA meM mAnava kI dRSTi padArtha ke prati

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291 AkRSTa rahatI hai| padArtha aura dhana ke dvArA hone vAle aniSTa pariNAma ko jAnane ke bAda bhI usa padArthoM ko choDa nahIM skte| mUrchA ke kAraNa use bhaya satAtA hai| yaha avirati kI manodazA hai| ___ jaba taka mana aura indriyoM ko saMyamita nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka avirati kA pApa lagatA hai| kucha loga kahate haiM ki jo pApa hamane nahIM kiyA aura jina padArthoM kA hamane bhoga nahIM kiyA, unakA pApa hameM kyoM lagatA hai? isakA uttara yaha hai ki ilekTrika kanekzana jaba taka pAvara hAUsa se jur3A rahatA hai, taba taka mITara baDhatA hai, kanekzana kaTa karane para mITara nahIM baDhatA, usI prakAra pApa kriyA kA kanekzana na toDA jAye taba taka pApa lagatA hI hai| bhAvanAzataka meM47 kahA hai ki jaba daravAjA khulA rahatA hai taba koI bhI aMdara A sakatA hai| isI prakAra jaba taka tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, AzA tRSNArUpI daravAjA baMda nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka pApa sIdhA praveza karatA hai, ruka nahIM sktaa| ___ avirati kA tyAga karane se jIva ko bahuta baDA lAbha milatA hai|48 tyAga karane se pahalA lAbha yaha hai ki jIva AtravoM kA nirodha karatA hai aura karmAgamana kA dvAra baMda ho jAtA hai| dUsarA lAbha yaha hai ki zuddha cAritra kA pAlana hotA hai, tIsarA lAbha yaha hai ki pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti rUpa 'aSTa pravacanamAtA' kI ArAdhanA meM hamezA jAgRti rahatI hai, jisase sanmArga meM samyak samAdhistha hokara jIva vicaraNa karatA hai aura rama jAtA hai| jineMdra varNI ne bhI yahI bAta darzAI hai| virati ke aneka lAbha haiM paraMtu avirati kI sthiti meM upayukta eka bhI lAbha nahIM milatA, Atma kalyANa ke lie avirati kA tyAga karanA caahie| avirati ke bAraha bheda hai| bhAvanAyoga49 aura jainendrasiddhAMtakoSa meM yahI batAyA gayA hai|50 pramAda Astrava pramAda- jAgarukatA kA abhAva pramAda kahalAtA hai arthAt Atma kalyANa aura sat pravRtti meM utsAha na honA apitu anAdara honA pramAda hai| mithyAtva aura avirati ke samAna hI pramAda bhI jIva kA mahAna zatru hai| isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gautama se kahA hai, 'he goyama! samayaM goyama mA pmaaye|' arthAt kSaNamAtra kA bhI pramAda na kareM / 51 dharmakriyA meM pramAda karane se jinakA samaya vyartha calA jAtA hai, ve isa pramAda ke doSoM ke kAraNa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| agara jIva ko isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM karanA hai, to vivekazIla AtmA ko apramatta rahanA caahie| jo mAnava pramAda karatA hai vaha apanA samaya vyartha gavAtA hai|

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292 pramAda ke pA~ca bheda 1) mada, 2) viSaya, 3) kaSAya, 4) nidrA, 5) vikthaa| ina pA~ca pramAda kA sevana karane se jIva paribhramaNa karatA hai|52 mada- jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, jJAna, lAbha, aizvarya aura baDappana kA garva krnaa|53 viSaya- paMceMdriya kA rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza aura zabda ina viSayoM meM Asakta rhnaa| kaSAya- krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina kaSAyoM meM pravRtti rkhnaa| nidrA- nIMda tathA Alasya ke kAraNa susta rhnaa| vikathA- strIkathA, bhattakathA, rAjakathA aura dezakathA Adi pApakArI kriyAoM meM rasa lenaa| hiMsA kA mukhya kAraNa pramAda hai| dUsare prANiyoM kI hatyA ho yA na ho, pramAdI vyakti ko hiMsA kA azubha phala milatA hai| saMpUrNa jagata meM mAnava jIvana sarvazreSTha hai, isalie use pratyeka kSaNa kA upayoga naye karmAgamana ko rokane ke lie aura pUrva ke bA~dhe hue karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie karanA caahie|54 jainendrasiddhAMta koza55, jaina darzana56 meM yahI bAta hai| sAdhaka ko bhAraMDa pakSI ke samAna apramAdI arthAt sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| 'bhAraMDa pakkhI ya care pmtte|'57 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne choTe baDe pratyeka sAdhaka ko cetAvanI dete hue AcArAMga sUtra58 meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| 'alaM kusalassa pamAeNaM' arthAt kuzala sAdhaka ko pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| pramAda ke ye pA~ca prakAra ke sAthI AtmArUpI sUrya ko AcchAdita kara dete haiN| AtmA kI zakti ko chipAkara use kAyara banA dete haiN| chaThe guNasthAna taka sAdhaka meM pramAda rahatA hai| pramAda ke kAraNa ratnatraya kI samyak ArAdhanA ko bhUlakara sAdhaka, ArAdhaka se virAdhaka bana jAtA hai| kaSAya Astrava kaSAya- kaS+Aya = do zabdoM milakara 'kaSAya' zabda bnaa| kaS kA artha hai saMsAra aura Aya kA artha hai praapti| jIva vividha du:khoM ke kAraNa saMsAra meM kaSTa sahana karate haiM aura pIDita hote haiM- jisake dvArA saMsAra kI prApti hotI hai use kaSAya kahate haiN|59 ___ kaSAya gati baDI hI tIvra hotI hai| janma-maraNarUpI yaha saMsAra kaSAyoM se bharA huA hai| yadi kaSAya kA abhAva ho jAye to janma-maraNa kI paraMparA kA viSa vRkSa svayaM hI zuSka hokara naSTa ho jAyegA isalie AcArya zayyaMbhava60 ne kahA hai- anigrahIta kaSAya punarbhava ke mUla meM pAnI dete haiM, use sUkhane nahIM dete haiN|

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293 kaSAya adhyAtma ke lie doSarUpa haiM cAhe ve prakaTa ho yA aprakagaTa, ve AtmA ke jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa zuddha svarUpa ko malina karate haiN| kaSAya hI karma ke utpAdaka haiN| ve jIva ko duHkha dete haiN| kaSAya na rahe to karmabaMdha bhI na rheN| AcArya vIrasena ne kaSAyoM kI karmotpAdakatA ke saMbaMdha meM 'dhavalA'61 graMtha meM kahA hai- 'jo duHkharUpI anAja utpanna karane vAle karmarUpI kheta ko jotate haiM, phalayukta karate haiM ve krodha, mAna, mAyA Adi kaSAya haiN|' vedanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlA krodha Adi kAluSya kaSAya hai arthAt AtmA ke kaluSita pariNAma ko kaSAya kahate haiN| kaSAya AtmA ke svAbhAvika svarUpa ko naSTa karate haiM aura karma ke sAtha AtmA kA saMbaMdha joDate haiN|62 krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha- ina cAra kaSAyoM ke alAvA aneka prakAra ke kaSAyoM kA nirdeza AgamagraMthoM meM milatA hai| krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM ko zAstroM meM luTeroM kI upamA dI gaI hai, paraMtu ina luTeroM meM aura sAmAnya luTeroM meM yaha aMtara hai ki dUsare prakAra ke luTere saMpatti kA haraNa karake bhAga jAte haiM, paraMtu krodhAdirUpa luTere AtmA kI saMpatti ko luTakara AtmA meM hI chipakara baiTha jAte haiM, isalie unheM 'ajjhattha dosA' AtmA meM chipe hue doSa, roga aura taskara kahA gayA hai| . kaSAya jIva ko saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAte haiM, itanA hI nahIM, usake Atmika guNoM kA ghAta bhI karate haiN| krodha prIti kA nAza karatA hai, mAna vinaya kA nAza karatA hai, mAyA-kapaTa mitratA kA nAza karatI hai aura lobha sabhI guNoM kA nAza karatA hai|63 __ krodha se jIva kA adha:patana hotA hai| jIva apane sthAna se bhraSTa hotA hai| jo sthAnabhraSTa hue haiM, unakI saMsAra meM pratiSThA nahIM rhtii| mAna kaSAya ke kAraNa sadgati prApta nahIM hotI, lobha se ihaloka-paraloka ke viSaya meM bhaya utpanna hotA hai, isalie ina AtmaghAtI kaSAyoM ko choDanA hI caahie|64 kaSAya kA Agamana hone para manuSya kI buddhi tathA vicArazakti zUnya ho jAtI hai| usameM viveka nahIM rhtaa| sabhyatA aura ziSTAcAra nahIM rahate isalie kaSAyoM ko caMDAla caukaDI kahA hai| ye kaSAya rAta dina kahIM bhI apane kukarma vRttirUpI zastra dvArA jIva kI zakti kA haraNa karate rahate haiN|65 krodhAdi kaSAya AtmA ko kugati meM le jAne ke kAraNa hote haiM, AtmAsvarUpa kI hiMsA karate haiN| isalie ve kaSAya haiN| krodha va mAna ye donoM dveSa haiN| mAyA aura lobha ye rAga haiN| AcAryoM ne kaSAyoM (rAga aura dveSa) kA anya prakAra se bhI varNana kiyA hai, kyoMki rAga aura dveSa pramukha Asrava haiN| kaSAya mukti asalI mukti hai|66 yogazAstra67 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai|

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294 yoga Astrava ___ yoga- mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ko 'yoga' kahate haiN| yoga ke kAraNa Atmapradeza meM parispaMdana hotA hai tathA mithyAtva ke kAraNa AtmA karmoM ko grahaNa karatI hai|68 jisa prakAra nadI ke udgama sthAna para musaladhAra varSA hone para nadI ke bAr3ha kA pAnI rokA nahIM jA sakatA, usI prakAra mana, vacana, kAyA-rUpa yoga kI pravRtti calatI rahatI hai, taba taka karma se nivRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai|69 . jainadarzana meM mana, vacana, kAyA se hone vAlI AtmA kI kriyA karma paramANuoM ke sAtha AtmA kA yoga saMbaMdha sthApita karatI hai, isalie use yoga kahA gayA hai aura usake nirodha ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai| AtmA sakriya hai aura usake pradeza meM mana, vacana aura kAyA ke kAraNa parispaMdana hotA rahatA hai| parispaMdana kI kriyA terahaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM ayogI avasthA hotI hai| mana, vacana, kAyA aura kriyA kA pUrNata: 'nirodha hotA hai aura AtmA zuddha evaM sthira hotI hai| ____ karmajanya malinatA aura yogajanya caMcalatA naSTa hone para mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| yoga Asrava hai aura usake kAraNa karma kA Agamana hotA hai| zubhayoga se puNya kA Asrava hotA hai aura azubha yoga se pApa kA Asrava hotA hai|70 agara karma kA Asrava rokanA hai to sarvaprathama mana kA nigraha karanA pddegaa| manonigraha hone para vacana aura kAya yoga kA nigraha sahaja hogaa| mana kA nigraha duSkara hai paraMtu asaMbhava nahIM hai| manonigraha ke lie jo upAya gItA meM71 batAye gaye haiM, ve hI pAtAMjala yogazAstra72 meM bhI kahe gaye haiN| abhyAsa aura vairAgya se cittavRtti kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai| __jaina zAstra meM gupti aura samiti ko nigraha kA upAya kahA gayA hai| manonigraha ke lie upAya ke rUpa meM anya sAdhanoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, paraMtu ina sabhI kA eka hI artha hai ki prayatnazIla hokara nigraha kiijie| mana kA nigraha hone para vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti meM apane Apa hI parivartana hogA aura karma ke Asrava meM nyUnatA aayegii| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM bhagavAna ne Asrava-paMcaka kA varNana kiyA hai| usI meM bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki Asrava-paMcaka kA varNana kiyA hai| usI meM bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki Asrava paMcaka kA tyAga karake saMvara paMcaka kA bhAvapUrNa rakSaNa karane se jIva karma raja se mukta hotA hai aura sarvazreSTha siddhi prApta karatA hai|73 karmoM kA saMvaraNa saMvara Asrava ko rokanA tathA karma ko na Ane denA 'saMvara' hai| saMvara Asrava kA pratipakSI

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295 hai| AtmapradezoM meM Agamana karane vAle karmoM kA praveza rokanA hI saMvara kA kArya hai| AtmA karmAvRta banakara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatI rahatI hai, phira bhI AtmavikAsa kI zakti usameM chipI rahatI hai| ajJAna se jJAna kI ora jAne ke lie jIva ke prayatna calate rahate haiN| isa prakAra ke prayatna karanA hI saMvara mArga para calanA hai| Asrava tattva meM AtmA ke patana kI avasthA ko dikhAyA gayA hai aura saMvara meM AtmA ke utthAna kI avasthA dikhAI gaI hai| Asrava meM doSa utpAdaka kAraNa batAye haiM aura saMvara meM una kAraNoM kA nirmUlana karane vAle upAya batAye gaye haiN| Atma pariNAma agara vaitaraNI nadI hai to manorathoM ko pUrNa karanevAlI kAmadhenu bhI hai aura jaise naraka meM kUTa zAlmalI vRkSoM kA jaMgala hai, vaise hI svarga meM naMdanavana bhI hai| isa prakAra Asrava hai to usakA pratipakSI saMvara bhI hai|74 baMdha aura mokSa AtmapariNAma para hI nirbhara hai| jaba AtmA azubha se nivRtta hokara zubha kI tarapha mur3atI hai, mithyAtva se samyaktva kI ora jAtI hai, aviratI se viratI kI ora mur3atI hai, taba karmoM kA Agamana rokA hai aura AtmA Asrava se saMvara kI ora pravRtta hotI hai / mithyAtva Adi kA abhAva hone para AtmA meM karma praveza nahIM kara sakate, arthAt navIna karma kA Asrava nahIM hogA aura Asrava kA nirodha hone para zubhAzubhakarma skeNge| isI hetu saMvara kA astitva sthApita huA / 75 navapadArtha 76 aura jainendrasiddhAMta koza77 meM bhI yahI bAta hai / saMvara kI vyAkhyAe~ saMvara zabda sam tathA vR se milakara banA hai| 'sama' upasarga hai aura 'vR' dhAtu kA artha hai rokanA / yahI saMvara zabda kI vyutpatti hai - Asrava yaha srota kA daravAjA hai / use jo rokatA hai vahI saMvara hai jo AtmA ko vaza meM karatA hai unakI saMvara kriyA hotI yAne karmAgamana ruka jAtA hai / 78 jainadarzana79 meM bhI kahA hai / Asrava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai, arthAt samasta AsravoM ko rokanA saMvara hai / mana, vacana, kAya ina tIna guptiyoM ko nirAstravI banAnA saMvara hai|8deg uttarAdhyayana81 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| hemacandrAcAryakRta yogazAstra 82 aura prazamaratiprakaraNa83 meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai| AtmA kI rAgadveSamUlaka azuddha pravRtti ko rokanA saMvara kA kArya hai| saMvara ke kAraNa AtmA meM navIna karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotaa| jisake kAraNa AtmA meM praveza karane vAle karma rukate haiM vaha gupti, samiti Adi se yukta saMvara kriyA hotI hai / 84 saMvara AtmA kA nigraha karane se hotA hai / yaha nivRttiparaka hai, pravRttiparaka nahIM hai, isalie pravRtti hI Asrava aura nivRtti hI saMvara hai / jina upAyoM se Asrava kA nigraha

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296 hai ve upAya saMvara haiN| jisa prakAra rogI kA roga naSTa hone meM auSadhi kAraNa hai, usI prakAra Asrava ko rokane vAle upAya saMvara hai| sArAMzata: Asrava kA nirodha karanA hI saMvara hai|85 bhAratIyasaMskRti86 koza meM bhI kahA hai| jaina tattva jJAna meM guNasthAnoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| jo aMtima guNasthAna para ArUr3ha hotA hai, vaha nirvANa (mokSa) pada para Arur3ha hotA hai| guNasthAna caudaha haiN| ye caudaha guNasthAna mokSamaMdira kI caudaha sIr3hiyA~ haiN|87 bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne saMvara kA astitva batAte hue sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA hai'yaha mata samajho ki Asrava aura saMvara nahIM hai, apitu yaha samajho ki Asrava aura saMvara hai|88 AsravadvAra karma ke Agamana kA dvAra hai| yaha dvAra baMda karane para saMvara kA astitva sthApita hotA hai| AtmA ko vaza meM karane para Atma-nigraha se saMvara hotA hai| yaha uttama guNaratna hai kyoMki mokSa kA mukhya mArga saMvara hI hai| saMvara Atma nigraha se hotA hai . AcArya zrI hemacaMdrasUri kahate haiM- ki jina upAyoM se jo Asrava rukatA hai, usa Asrava ke nirodha ke lie unhIM upAyoM kA upayoga karanA caahie| jaise kSamA, mRdubhAva, RjutA, saralatA, saMyama kA pAlana, pApakArI kriyA kA tyAga, vratAdi kA pAlana tathA zubhadhyAna meM pravRtti kreN|89 saptatattva-prakaraNa10 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| mokSamArga ke lie saMvara rAjamArga ___ pahale saMsAra aura bAda meM mokSa aisA krama hai| mokSa sAdhya hai, saMsAra tyAjya hai| isa saMsAra ke mukhya hetu Asrava aura baMdha haiM aura mokSa ke pramukha hetu saMvara aura nirjarA haiN|91 saMvara se Asrava kA arthAt naye karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha hotA hai| nirjarA se pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| isa prakAra donoM mokSa sAdhanA ke anivArya sAdhana haiN| ___ mokSa ke do sAdhaka tattva haiM - 1) saMvara aura 2) nirjraa| jitane Asrava haiM utane saMvara bhI haiN| Asrava ke pA~ca bheda haiM, usI prakAra saMvara ke bhI pA~ca bheda haiN| saMvara ke bheda saMvara ke do bheda : dravya saMvara aura bhAva sNvr| saba prakAra ke AsravoM kA nirodha saMvara hai| inameM se karma pudgala ke grahaNa kA chedana yA nirodha karanA dravya saMvara hai aura saMsAra vRddhi ke kAraNa bhUta kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA tathA AtmA kA zuddhopayoga karanA arthAt samiti, gupti Adi bhAva-saMvara hai|92 ___pA~ca vrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, daza dharma, bAraha anuprekSA, bAIsa parISahajaya aura pA~ca cAritra inheM jAnanA bhAva saMvara hai| AtmA tAlAba ke samAna hai, usameM karmarUpI pAnI

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297 bharA huA hai| Asrava rUpI jharanoM se usameM rAtadina karmarUpI pAnI praveza karatA hI rahatA hai| sAdhaka tapa Adi sAdhanoM dvArA karmarUpI pAnI ko bAhara pheMkane kA prayatna karatA hai, paraMtu jaba taka karmoM ke Agamana kA daravAjA hama baMda nahIM karate, taba taka karma - jala se bharA huA Atma sarovara khAlI nahIM ho sakatA / 93 samyaktva kA prakAza mokSa samyaktva mokSa prApti kA pramukha kAraNa hai| samyaktva ke binA cAritrya nahIM ho sakatA, paraMtu samyaktvacAritra ke binA ho sakatA hai, arthAt cAritra ke pahale samyaktva honA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| samyaktva ke binA jJAna bhI ajJAna kI koTi meM ginA jAtA hai| samyakjJAna ke binA samyak cAritra bhI prApta nahIM hotA / cAritra guNa ke binA mokSa prApti nahIM hotI aura mokSa ke binA nirvANa prApta nahIM hotA / 94 itanA hI nahIM saMsArarUpI sAgara meM samyagdarzana dvIpa ke samAna vizrAma sthAna hai| samyagdRSTi jIva ko hI sulabha bodhi prApta hotI hai| jisa prakAra zarIra meM samasta avayava hoM, para mastaka na ho, to zarIra sauMdarya hIna lagegA yahI bAta samyaktva ke bAre meM lAgU hotI hai / mAnava tapa, tyAga, vrata, niyama Adi karane bhI agara samyaktva na ho to unakA koI mahattva nahIM hai / 95 eka aMka ke binA zUnyoM kA kucha bhI artha yA kImata nahIM hai| netra ke binA sUryaprakAza * aura suvRSTi ke binA kheta nirarthaka hai, usI prakAra sudRSTi hI samyaktva hai / samyagdarzana ke binA tapa tathA japa kI kucha kI kImata yA mahattva nahIM hai| jo samyagdarzana se yukta hai, usI kA pa aura indriya saMyama sArthaka hai usI kA jJAna satya hai / samyagdarzana hI mithyAtva kA uccheda karane vAlA hai, isalie mumukSu ko samyagdarzana kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie / 96 samyaktva kA lakSaNa anaMta saMsAra meM yadi sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kucha tathya hai to vaha AtmA hI hai| jaina darzana meM samyaktva kA lakSaNa nizcaya aura vyavahAra do dRSTiyoM se batAyA hai| nizcayadRSTi se samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa 'binA kisI upAdhi yA upacAra ke AtmA kI zuddha ruci, zraddhA, pratIti aura anubhUti upalabdha karanA nizcaya samyagdarzana hai / ' vyAvahArika dRSTi se - tameva saccaM nIsaMkaM jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM / jina sarvajJa bhagavAna ne jaisA svarUpa batAyA hai, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA na karanA, samyagdarzana hai| yaha Atma-pratIti aura dRDha zraddhAna kaise hotA hai ? isa prakriyA ko samajhanA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai ' jo AtmA hai, vaha vijJAtA hai, jo vijJAtA hai vaha AtmA hai|' jAnane kI isa zakti se hI AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai / 97

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298 jIva-ajIva Adi tattvoM ko yathArtha (jaisA ho vaisA) samajhanA aura vaisI hI zraddhA rakhanA 'samyaktva' kahalAtA hai| samyagdarzana do prakAra kA hotA hai- eka nisargaja aura samyagdarzana aura dUsarA abhigamaja samyagdarzana18, tattvArthasUtra 9 meM bhI kahA hai| samyaktva naisargika rIti se yA paropadeza se prApta hotA hai| samyaktva pahacAnane ke lakSaNa batAye haiN|100 samakita yaha mokSa prApta karane ke lie bIjarUpa adRzya zakti hai| yaha guNa zakti pragaTa huI hai, yA nahIM vaha jJAnI paramAtmA hI jAna sakate haiM kintu anya dhamArthI jIvoM ko yaha zakti prApta huI hai yaha jAnane ke lie sAdhana ke rUpa meM lakSaNa batAye haiN| yaha lakSaNa pA~ca prakAra ke haiM 1) zama, 2) saMvega, 3) nirveda, 4) anukaMpA, 5) aasthaa| 1) zama - krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA upazama yA kSaya honaa| 2) saMvega - mokSa prApti kI icchA rkhnaa| 3) nirveda - saMsAra meM udAsIna rhnaa| 4) anukaMpA - jIvamAtra para dayA karanA tathA unheM pIDA na phuNcaanaa| 5) AsthA - sarvajJa prarUpita dharma ke prati dRDha zraddhA rkhnaa|101 jainendrasiddhAMtakoza meM102 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| samyaktva ke pA~ca aticAra 1) zaMkA, 2) kAMkSA, 3) vicikitsA, 4) anyadRSTi prazaMsA, 5) anyadRSTi saMstava ye pA~ca samyaktva ke aticAra haiN|103vrt niyamoM ko aMzata: pAlana honA aura aMzata: bhaMga honA 'aticAra' kahalAtA hai| darzana ke pA~ca aticAroM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai| 1) zaMkA - arihaMta bhagavaMta ke kahe hue sUkSma aura atIndriya tattvoM meM yaha sahI hai yA nahIM __ aisA saMdeha honA 'zaMkA' hai| 2) kAMkSA -dharma kA phala Atmazuddhi hai, paraMtu dharma sAdhanA meM aihika aura pAralaukika bhoga upabhogoM kI AkAMkSA rakhanA 'kAMkSA' hai| 3) vicikitsA - saMtoM ke malina zarIra aura vastroM ko dekhakara ghRNA karanA hI vicikitsA' 4) anyadRSTi saMstava - mithyAdRSTi jIvoM kI vacanoM dvArA stuti karanA 'anyadRSTi-saMstava'

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299 5) anyadRSTi prazaMsA - mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ke jJAna, tapa Adi ke bAre meM 'ye acche haiM aisI bhAvanA rakhanA' anyadRSTiprazaMsA hai| 104 tattvArthasAra105 meM bhI yahI bAta hai| guNasahita samyagdarzana se jo yukta haiM, ve saMsAra meM rahakara jala kamalavat nirlipta haiN| jisa jIvAtmA ko samyagdarzana prApta huA hai vaha eka dina nizcita mokSa maMjila taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| samyaktva ke bheda mithyAtva mohanIya karmoM kA avarodha kramaza: upazama, kSayopazama aura kSayarUpa se hotA hai| isalie samyaktva ke bhI kramaza: aupazamika samyaktva, kSAyopazamika samyaktva aura kSAyika samyaktva ye tIna bheda hote haiN| aupazamika samyaktva anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha arthAt anaMtAnubaMdhI catuSka aura darzana moha kI tIna prakRtiyA~ samyaktvamithyAtva, mithyAtva aura samyaktva, kula sAta prakRtiyoM kA upazama hone para AtmA kI jo tattva ruci hotI hai, use aupazamika samyaktva kahate haiN| kSAyopazamika samyaktva - anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya aura udaya prApta mithyAtva kA kSaya tathA anudayaprApta mithyAtva kA upazama karate samaya jIva kI jo tattvaruci hotI hai, use kSAyopazamika samyaktva kahate haiN| kSAyika samyaktva samyaktva ghAtI, anaMtAnubadhI catuSka yAne (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) tathA darzana mohatrika (samyaktva mohanIya, mithyAtva mohanIya aura mizra mohanIya) ina sAta prakRtiyoM ke kSaya se hone vAlI jIva kI tattvaruciyA~ kSAyika samyaktva hai| samyaktva ke Upara ke bheda jIva kI apekSA se hai, samyaktva kI apekSA se nahIM hai| tattvazraddhA hI samyaktva kA sahI lakSaNa hai| samyaktva kI prApti se hI AtmakalyANa kA mArga sulabha hotA hai| virati . karma ke Agamana kA jo dUsarA kAraNa hai, vaha hai hiMsA Adi pApa karmoM meM lIna honaa| una pApa karmoM se virata honA arthAt unakA tyAga karanA virati vrata hai| pApa ke tyAga se karma kA Agamana rukatA hai, isalie virati ko saMvara bhI kahate haiN| jIvana meM vratoM kA mahattva zvAsocchavAsa ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra zvAsocchavAsase jIvita prANI pahacAnA jAtA hai,

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usI prakAra vrata se samyaktva kI pahacAna hotI hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai 'samyagdRSTi pApa kArya nahIM krtaa| '106 vrata se pApa karma kI nivRtti hotI hai aura pApakArya kI nivRtti se naye karmoM ke Asrava roke jAte haiN| Asrava kA rukanA hI karmarUpI roga kI davA hai / bhAvanAzataka 107 meM bhI kahA hai- 'vinA vrataM karmarUpAstravastathA' / karmA zravarUpI roga ko naSTa karane ke lie vrata rUpI auSadhi kA upayoga karanA Avazyaka hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM 108 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gRhastha zrAvakoM ke lie upabhoga aura paribhoga kI maryAdA ko vrata batAyA hai| usake pIche unakA uddezya yahI thA ki saMsAra meM bhogya-upabhogya jitane bhI padArtha haiM, una sabakA upabhoga eka vyakti eka samaya meM, eka dina meM yA jiMdagI bhara meM bhI nahIM kara sakatA,' bhale hI usake pAsa bhogya upabhogya sAmagrI pracuramAtrA meM ho| saMsAra meM padArtha asaMkhya haiM paraMtu vyakti kI sA~seM sImita haiN| isa kAraNa vaha sabhI padArthoM kA upabhoga nahIM kara pAtA, phira bhI suvidhAvAdI yA bhogavAdI ko asIma milane para bhI saMtuSTa nahIM haiN| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne bhI apanI aMtima vANI uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI yahI kahA hai ki icchAe~ AkAza ke samAna aMnata haiM / 109 300 jaba taka zvecchApUrvaka saMkalpabaddha hokara pApoM kA tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA yA niyamapUrvaka pApa nahIM choDe jAte, taba taka aviratI Asrava jArI rahatA hai| isase viparIta jo jIva aThAraha pApa sthAnoM se nivRtta hotA hai vaha pApakarmoM ke bojha se zIghra halkA ho jAtA hai| upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dharma ke do prakAra batAye haiM- agAra dharma aura agara dharma / anagAra dharma meM sAdhaka sarvataH sarvAtmanA saMpUrNa rUpa meM sAvadya kAryoM kA parityAga karatA huA vaha saMpUrNata: prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha tathA rAtribhojana se virata hotA hai| bhagavAna ne Age kahA hai ki agAra dharma 12 prakAra kA hai - 5 aNuvrata, 3 guNavrata tathA 4 zikSAvrata / pA~ca aNuvrata 1 2 3 4 moThe taura para apavAda rakhate hue prANAtipAta se nivRtta honA / sthUla mRSAvAda se nivRtta honA / sthUla adattAdAna se nivRtta honA / svadAra saMtoSa apanI pariNItA patnI taka maithuna kI sImA / icchA parigraha kI icchA kA parimANa yA sImAkaraNa / 5 tIna guNavata 6 divrata - vibhinna dizAoM meM jAne ke saMbaMdha meM maryAdA yA sImAkaraNa /

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301 7 upabhoga paribhoga primaannvrt| 8 anarthadaMDa virmnnvrt| cAra zikSAvrata 9 sAmAyika vrata 10 dezAvakAsika vrata 11 pauSadhavrata 12 atithi saMvibhAga vrt| isa prakAra zrAvaka ke lie 12 aNuvratoM kA vidhAna zAstroM meM batAyA gayA __ asaMyama pApa kA hetu hai| jaba taka pApoM ko svecchA se, vidhipUrvaka vrata aMgIkAra karake chor3A nahIM jAtA, taba taka AtmA ina pApoM ke prati Asakta rahatI hai| bhale hI usa samaya vaha pApakarma meM pravRtta na huI ho to bhI avirati ke duSpariNAmoM ke kAraNa niraMtara pApoM kA srota bahatA rahatA hai| ata: pratyeka sAdhaka ko virati-saMvara kI sAdhanA vrata pratyAkhyAna evaM tyAga niyama ke rUpa meM karanI caahie| apramAda Atma-pradezoM meM hone vAle anutsAha kA kSaya karanA apramAda hai| dharma ke bAre meM utsAha rakhanA apramAda hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to apramAda kA artha hai satkArya karane meM zithilatA na karanA arthAt pratyeka satkArya ko utsAha, Adara aura zraddhA ke sAtha karanA, isalie isakA vidheyAtmaka artha huA jAgarukatA, sAvadhAnI rakhanA apramAda hai| adhikAMza loga kahate haiM jaba kisI bhI pravRtti ko karane se karmabaMdha hotA hai to acchA hai ki koI pravRtti hI na kI jaaye| unakA yaha kathana yathArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki pravRtti ke binA jIvana nahIM cala sktaa| ata: manaSya ko yatanAparvaka arthAta viveka se pravatti karanA Avazyaka hai| asaMyama se nivRtti karake saMyama meM pravRtti karanI caahie| akarmaNya hokara baiTha jAne kA nAma nivRtti nahIM hai, apitu sAvadha yogoM se virata honA nivRtti hai| sabhI prakAra ke pramAdoM kA tyAga karake sAdhaka ko apramatta dazA meM ramaNa karanA caahie| pA~ca mahAvratoM, pA~ca samitiyoM tathA tIna guptiyoM ko dhAraNa karanA aura saba prakAra ke kaSAyoM kA tyAga karanA apramAda kahalAtA hai| 111 isa prakAra apramAda-saMvara kI ye sAdhanAe~ avazyameva upAdeya haiM aura karmamukti ke abhilASI sAdhakoM ke lie abhISTa bhI haiN|

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302 akaSAya apramAda ke bAda akaSAya kA krama AtA hai| akaSAya karmAstrava ko rokane kA cauthA upAya hai| akaSAya ke dvArA mAnava mokSa taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| kaSAya arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / isa anaMta kaSAya-catuSka ke kAraNa hI AtmA ko saMsAra paribhramaNa catuSka kA tyAga karanA cAhie tathA akaSAyI bananA caahie|112 ayoga karmabaMdha se mukta hone kA pA~cavA saMvara ayoga hai| ayoga kA artha hai mana, vacana aura kAyA kI vikArotpAdaka vRttiyoM kA nigraha krnaa| dUsare ke aniSTa kA ciMtana na krnaa| duSTa icchA karanA, IrSA aura bairabhAva rakhanA ye duSTa manoyoga hai| kisI kI niMdA karanA, gAlI denA, jhUThA kalaMka lagAnA tathA asatya bolanA, ye azubha vacana yoga hai| corI evaM kukarma karanA Adi azubha kAyayoga hai| jaba ina azubha pravRttiyoM ko rokA jAyegA aura jIva dvArA zubha pravRtti hogI tabhI karmAzrava rukegaa| yoga zubha aura azubha do prakAra ke haiN| jaba yoga ke sAtha kaSAya kA saMbaMdha hotA hai taba ve azubha hote haiN| yoga para vijaya prApta karane ke upAya haiM doSa kA nigraha karanA tathA unheM dUra karanA yahI ayoga saMvara hai|113 jo jIva zukladhyAnarUpa agnidvArA ghAtI karmoM ko naSTa karake yogarahita hotA hai use ayogI yA ayogakevalI kahate haiN| jahA~ ayoga vahA~ saMvara samavAyAMgasUtra meM yoga ko Asrava aura ayoga ko saMvara kahA hai| jaba taka yoga hai, taba taka Asrava hai aura jahA~ Asrava hai vahA~ karma kA baMdha hai| jaba taka AtmA caudahaveM guNasthAna taka nahIM pahu~ca jAtI taba taka yoga to rhegaa| yoga ke do bheda haiM - zubhayoga aura ashubhyog| zubhayoga ko zubha-Asrava (puNya) aura azubhayoga- azubha-Asrava (pApa) kahate haiN| sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to mana, vacana aura kAyA dvArA kisI bhI pravRtti kA vicAra sarvaprathama mana meM hotA hai| mana se hone vAlI aMtaraMga bhAva dhArAoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- azubha, zubha aura shuddh| jaba kliSTa evaM nikRSTa tIvra bhAvadhArAe~ bahatI haiN| taba azubha bhAvoM se azubha Asrava kA Agamana hotA hai| zubha bhAva dhArA jaba panapatI hai to mana meM karUNA sahAnubhUti, mRdutA Adi kI lahareM uThatI haiM aura kramaza: vistRta hotI jAtI haiN| isa prakAra zubha aura azubha ke kaI raMga mileNge| karmakSaya ke lie zubha aura azubha donoM ko choDakara zuddha banakara ayoga avasthA ko prApta karanA sAdhaka kA lakSya honA caahie|

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303 Asrava aura saMvara meM aMtara jina pApa kriyAoM se AtmA bA~dhI jAtI hai, una kriyAoM ko Asrava yA karmabaMdha kA dvAra kahate haiN| saMyama-mArga para pravRtta hokara indriya, kaSAya aura saMjJA kA nigraha karane para hI AtmA meM pApa kA praveza dvAra baMda hotA hai, ise hI saMvara kahate haiN| jise kisI bhI vastu ke prati rAga, dveSa yA moha nahIM hai aura jo sukha-duHkha ko samAna mAnatA hai, aise bhikSu (sAdhu) ko zubha yA azubha karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| jisa virakta manuSya kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM se pApabhAva yA puNyabhAva utpanna nahIM hotA, unakI hamezA saMvara kriyA hotI hai, vaha zubha aura azubha karmoM se baddha nahIM hotaa|114 Asrava ko eka dRSTi se vikArI' pariNAma ke bhAva AnA kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra havA ke kAraNa vRkSoM meM parispaMdana (kaMpana) kI gati baDhatI hai, usI prakAra AtmapradezoM meM ina kaSAya Adi vikArI bhAvoM ke kAraNa halacala utpanna hotI hai| ina halacala kI kriyAoM ko hI Asrava kahate haiN| saMvara meM jisa prakAra karmarUpI havA kI gati ruka jAtI hai, usI prakAra Atmapradeza meM rAga, dveSa aura moha Adi bhAva bhI ruka jAte haiN| jaise karma ke kAraNa ko pahacAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI use AtmapradezoM meM AyA jAnakara kaSAya Adi ko rokane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, yahI saMvara hai| karma Aye aura phira vaha apane Apa ruka jAye, aisA kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| havA kA pravAha AtA hai, aura calA jAtA hai, paraMtu havA kA vega jaba taka rahatA hai, taba taka parispaMdana karatA rahatA hai| usakI samApti hone para yaha parispaMdana Adi rUpa kriyA apane Apa hI ruka jAtI hai| AtmA kA svAbhAva eka jaisA hI rahatA hai, paraMtu AtmA vikArI bhAva se apanI kriyA karatA hai| jo vikArI bhAvoM kI kriyAoM ko samajhatA hai, vahI AtmasvarUpa meM sthita hotA hai| Atma svarUpa meM sthita hone para hI saMvara kahate haiN| . Asrava karma kA kartA, karma kA upAya, karma kA hetu, usakA nimitta aura karma ke Agamana kA dvAra hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra ke cauthe adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai, ki AsravadvAra ko baMda karane se pApakarma nahIM Ate / 115 praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM pA~ca AsravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAroM kA varNana hai|116 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Asrava ko phUTI huI naukA kI upamA dI hai| isakA vivecana bhagavatIsUtra117 meM bhI milatA hai| karma kA nirodha karane vAlI AtmA kI avasthA kA nAma saMvara hai| saMvara Asrava kA virodhI tattva hai| Asrava karma grAhaka avasthA hai aura saMvara karmanirodhaka hai| pratyeka Asrava kA eka-eka pratipakSI saMvara hai, jaise mithyAtva Asrava kA pratipakSI- samyaktva saMvara hai| avirati Asrava kA pratipakSI- vrata saMvara hai| pramAda Asrava kA pratipakSI- apramAda saMvara hai|

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304 kaSAya Asrava kA pratipakSI- akaSAya saMvara hai| yoga Asrava kA pratipakSI - ayoga saMvara hai / Asrava ke kAraNa jIva ko saMsAra paribhramaNa karanA paDatA hai| paraMtu saMvara ke kAraNa saMsAra paribhramaNa kama hotA hai / Asrava heya hai, saMvara upAdeya hai| Asrava mokSa kI coTI ko prApta karane meM sahAyaka nahIM hai, jaba ki saMvara mokSa kI coTI ko prApta karane meM sahAyaka hai| nirAstravI hone kA upAya gautama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA- 'jIva nirAstravI kaise hotA hai?' bhagavAna mahAvIra uttara diyA- 'he gautama! prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattadAna, maithuna, parigraha aura rAtri bhojana ke viramaNa (tyAga) se jIva nirAsravI hotA hai| jo pA~ca samitiyoM se yukta, tIna guptiyoM se yukta, kaSAyarahita, jitendriya, gauravarahita aura ni:zalya hotA hai, vaha jIva nirAstravI hotA 118kAra mahAvIra se pUchA- 'bhante! pratyAkhyAna karane se (saMsArI viSayavAsanA kA tyAga karane se) jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai? bhagavAna ne uttara diyA 'he gautama! pratyAkhyAna .se jIva AsravadvAra baMda karatA hai aura icchAnirodha karatA hai / icchA nirodha ke kAraNa jIva saba dravyoM se tRSNArahita hotA hai aura zAMta banatA hai / ' isa kathana kA sAra yahI hai ki, apratyAkhyAna Astrava hai / usake kAraNa karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai| jo pratyAkhyAna karatA hai, usakI AtmA meM naye karmoM kA praveza nahIM / 119 gautama ne pUchA, 'bhagavAn! aneka janmoM meM saMcita kiye gaye karmoM se mukti kaise prApta hogI?' prabhu ne kahA, 'jisa prakAra tAlAba kA pAnI Ane kA mArga baMda karane para aura aMdara kA pAnI nikAlane para vaha sUrya kI uSNatA se sUkha jAtA hai, usI prakAra pApa karma ke va ko rokane para arthAt nirAstravI hone para sAdhaka ke aneka janmoM ke saMcita karma tapa dvArA naSTa ho jAte haiM / '120 uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hotA hai ki navIna karma ke Agamana kA nirodha karanA yA Ava ko rokanA, karma se mukta hone kI prathama sIDhI hai| jo Astravarahita hotA hai, usake ati jar3akarma bhI tapa se naSTa ho jAte haiN| jIva tAlAba ke samAna hai / Asrava jala mArga ke samAna aura karma pAnI ke samAna hai| jIvarUpI tAlAba ko karmarUpI pAnI se khAlI karane ke lie AsravarUpI jharanA pahale baMda karanA caahie| jainAgama meM AstravadvAra ke nirodha kA ullekha aneka jagaha AyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki Asrava pApakarma ke Agamana kA hetu hai| nayA karma baMdha na ho isalie pahale use rokanA Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra karma se mukta hone ke lie navIna karma se dUra rahanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra pUrva saMcitakarma se mukta hone ke lie nirAstravI honA Avazyaka hai /

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305 niSkarSa jIva meM Asrava dvArA karmAgamana hotA hai kyoMki jIva ke acche-bure pariNAma puNyapApa ke Asrava se hote haiN| karma praveza mArga ko Atmapradeza se dUra rakhanA jIva kA kartavya hai| karma, pudgala hone para bhI Atmapradeza meM isa prakAra AtA hai ki jIva apane jJAna svabhAvI AtmA ko pahacAna nahIM sktaa| usI prakAra mana, vacana aura kAyA kI kriyAoM ko bhI nahIM roka sktaa| isalie karma pudgaloM ko Ane se rokanA hI sAdhaka kI siddhi hai| jisa jIva ne Asrava kA nirodha kara apane Atma svarUpa kA jJAna prApta kara liyA hai, use AdhyAtmika dRSTi se 'tattvajJAnI' kahA gayA hai| jo mithyAtva ke kAraNoM se rahita banakara tathA mamatvarahita hokara vItarAgatA ke mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai, vahI Asrava se mukta ho sakatA hai| yadi jIva ko karmabaMdha kA mukhya kAraNa AsravadvAra kA yathArtha jJAna ho jAye arthAt karma kaise Ate haiM? karmoM kA baMdha kaise hotA haiM? Asrava ke kAraNa saMsAra paribhramaNa kaise karanA paDatA hai? ina sabhI kA jJAna ho jAye tabhI vaha Asrava se parAvRta hone kA prayatna kara sakatA hai| karmoM kA nirjaraNa : nirjarA karmoM se mukta karane vAlA tattva nirjarA hai| nirjarA kA artha hai pUrvakRta karmoM kA jhar3a jaanaa| karmoM kI nirjarA bhI kramapUrvaka hotI hai, mokSalakSI banakara kiye jAne vAle tapa se jo nirjarA hotI hai vaha sakAma nirjarA hai aura karmaphala ko ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAnapUrvaka bhogane ke bAda karmoM kA jhar3a jAnA akAma nirjarA hai| zArIrika mAnasika-Atmika samAdhi kA evaM duzcintAoM se ubarane kA eka mAtra upAya tapa sAdhanA hai| tapa kA artha hai, svecchA se duHkhoM kA svIkAra karake una para vijaya prApta krnaa| jaise prajvalita agnI ghAsa ko jalA DAlatI hai, vaise hI tapa kI agnI karmoM ko jalA detI hai| sthUla zarIra janita tApa kI A~ca sUkSma zarIra ko prabhAvita kare tabhI vaha tApa samyak tapa kahalAtA hai| jo mokSa kI ora le jAtA hai dekhAdekhI, pratispardhApUrvaka evaM icchApUrti ke lie kiyA gayA tapa bAlatapa hai jo saMsAra vRddhi kA kAraNa hai| karmavijJAnavettAoM ne karma bA~dhane aura mukta hone ke tattva ko alaga-alaga nAma diye haiN| karmoM kA baMdhana karAne vAlA tattva 'baMdha' hai karmoM se mukta karAne vAlA tattva nirjarA hai| nirjarA kA artha pUrvakRta karmoM ko kSaya karanA, jhdd'naa| jaise pakSI paMkha phaDaphaDA kara usa para lagI huI dhUla ko jhAr3a detA hai, usI prakAra AtmA apane para lagI huI karma raja ko jhAr3a detI

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306 hai, use nirjarA kahA jAtA hai arthAt AtmapradezoM ke sAtha lage hue karma pradezoM kA jhar3a jAnA nirjarA hai| nirjarA meM eka sAtha eka hI samaya meM samasta karmoM kA kSaya nahIM hotaa| pUrvabaddha karmoM meM se jo karma udaya meM A jAte haiM aura apanA sukha-duHkharUpa phala dene ke abhimukha ho jAte haiM unhIM karmoM kA phala AtmA bhogatI hai evaM bhogane ke bAda phala dekara ve karma jhaDa jAte haiN| nirjarA kA artha sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai- Atma-pradezoM se karmamala kA AMzika rUpa se kSaya honA nirjarA hai|121 karmoM kA AMzika rUpa se kSaya honA aura AtmA kA AMzika rUpa se vizuddha honA hI nirjarA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra Asrava ke dvArA karma Ate haiM aura rAga-dveSa ke dvArA baMdha ko prApta hote haiN| jaba taka jIvAtmA meM rAga-dveSa ke tattva upasthita haiM, taba taka Asrava aura baMdha kI paraMparA calatI rahatI hai| yahI saMsAra hai, kintu jaba AtmA sva-svarUpa kA parijJAna kara apane sva-svabhAva meM sthira hotI hai arthAt rAga-dveSa se Upara uThatI hai arthAt vItarAga avasthA ko prApta karatI hai, taba navIna karmoM kA Agamana arthAt Asrava ruka jAtA hai| Asrava kA abhAva hone para baMdha bhI nahIM hotA hai| Asrava kA ruka jAnA hI saMvara hai| saMvara ke dvArA navInakarmoM kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai, kintu pUrvabaddha karmoM kI sattA banI rahatI hai| jaba taka pUrvabaddha karma naSTa nahIM hote taba mukti nahIM miltii| pUrvabaddha karmoM ko naSTa karane kI yaha prakriyA hI nirjarA kahI jAtI hai| yaha bAta udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa ho jAtI hai, jaise tAlAba meM jaba taka pAnI ke Agamana kA srota khulA rahatA hai pAnI kA Agamana nahIM rukatA, una srotoM ko baMda kara dene para navIna pAnI kA Agamana to ruka jAtA hai, paraMtu jo pAnI tAlAba meM bharA huA hai, use nikAle binA tAlAba khAlI nahIM hotaa| tAlAba meM pAnI ke Agamana ke srotoM ko baMda kara denA saMvara hai aura usameM bhare hue jala ko nikAla denA yA sukhA denA nirjarA hai| nirjarA ke dvArA sAdhaka AtmarUpI tAlAba se karmarUpI jala ko nikAlakara baMdhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| 122 samayasAra meM bhI yahI kahA hai|123 AgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA para lage hue karmamala kA AMzikarUpa se kSaya honA athavA usakA AtmapradezoM se alaga honA hI nirjarA kI sAdhanA hai| AgamoM meM tapa ko nirjarA kA sAdhana btaayaa| taparUpI agnI karmarUpI iMdhana ko jalAkara naSTa kara detI hai| tapa se pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya kara jIvAtmA sarva duHkhoM se mukta hokara mokSa ko prApta karatA hai / 124 jisa prakAra pAnI se bharA tAlAba sUrya kI garamI se sUkha jAtA hai| usI prakAra taparUpI agnI se karmarUpI saMcita jala sUkha jAtA hai| tapa karmoM ko naSTa karane kI prakriyA hai| mithyAtva, kaSAya tathA rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karake niSkAma bhAva se tapasAdhanA Atmavizuddhi ke lie Avazyaka hai| AsaktipUrvaka ahaMkAra se yukta hokara bhautika upalabdhiyoM ke lie kiyA

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307 gayA tapa mAtra bAhyatapa hai| usase zarIra to jIrNa hotA hai, kiMtu manovikAra nahIM jaate| vastuta: manovikAroM ko naSTa karanA hI tapa kA vAstavika artha hai| nirjarA ke do prakAra nirjarA do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai- 1) avipAka nirjarA, 2) savipAka nirjraa| inheM kramaza: aupakramika nirjarA tathA anaupakramika nirjarA bhI kahA jAtA hai| karmoM kA apanI kAlamaryAdA ke paripakva hone para apanA phala dekara naSTa ho jAnA savipAka nirjarA hai| jaba ki pUrvabaddha karmoM ko unakI kAla maryAdA ke pUrNa hone ke pUrva hI udaya meM lAkara samApta kara denA, avipAkI nirjarA hai| savipAkI nirjarA to jIvAtmA hara samaya karatA hI rahatA hai, kiMtu isase mukti prApta nahIM hotI, kyoMki naye karmoM ke Agamana kI paraMparA yathAvat calatI rahatI hai| savipAkI aura avipAkI nirjarA ko udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra vRkSa para lage hue phala unakI kAla sImA ke pUrNa hone para svata: hI pakakara gira jAte haiN| usI prakAra savipAkI-nirjarA meM karma apanA phala dekara naSTa ho jAte haiM, kiMtu karmoM ke isa svAbhAvika vipAka ke samaya jIva rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara navIna karmoM kA baMdha karatA rahatA hai, isa prakAra karma paraMparA calatI rahatI hai, kiMtu jisa prakAra peDa para lage hue phaloM ko samaya maryAdA ke pUrva hI toDakara garmI Adi dekara pakA liyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra karmoM ke udaya meM Ane ke pUrva hI taparUpI agni se unheM naSTa kara denA avipAkInirjarA hai| savipAkI nirjarA saMsArI jIva sadaiva karatA rahatA hai, kiMtu avipAkI nirjarA to samyagdRSTi vratadhArI jIva hI karane meM samartha hote haiN| karmaphala ko AtmA se alaga karanA jIva kA svabhAva hai, kiMtu yaha taba taka saMbhava nahIM hotA, jaba taka jIvAtmA apane svarUpa kA brodha prApta nahIM krtaa| navIna karmoM ke Asrava ko rokanA aura pUrvabaddha karmoM ko chaH prakAra ke bAhya tathA cha: prakAra ke abhyaMtara tapoM ke dvArA naSTa karanA- samyagdRSTi jIva kA prayatna hotA hai| taba taka jIva mithyAtva ke vazIbhUta hokara rAgadveSa ke dvArA naye karmoM kA baMdha karatA rahatA hai, taba taka vaha mukti ko prApta nahIM hotaa| karmaphala ko samApta karane ke lie munijana duSkara tapa karate haiN| bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI, garmI Adi aneka pariSahoM ko sahana karate haiN| dUsare prANiyoM ke dvArA diye gaye nAnAvidha kaSToM ko sahate haiN| kezaloMca Adi aneka prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karate haiN| svajana parijana kA mamatva nahIM rakhate, tathA sabhI prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga karate haiN| yahA~ taka ki apane zarIra para bhI mamatva nahIM rkhte| ugra tapasyA Adi ke dvArA icchAoM kA damana karate haiN| ise avipAkI

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308 evaM sakAma nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| kyoMki isameM icchApUrvaka karmoM kA kSaya karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| jaba svecchA se kaSToM ko sahana karake Atma puruSArtha ke dvArA pUrvabaddha karmoM ko naSTa kiyA jAtA hai use avipAkanirjarA yA sakAmanirjarA kahate haiM / 125 yahI mukti kA mArga hai| nirjarA ke bAraha prakAra sthAnAMgasUtra meM nirjarA eka prakAra kI batAI gaI hai- 'egA nijjarA' paraMtu anya sthAnoM para nirjarA ke bAraha prakAroM kA bhI ullekha hai, jisa prakAra agnI eka hI hotI hai, kiMtu tRNa kASTAdi vividha bheda kiye haiM, usI prakAra karmamala ko naSTa karane rUpa nirjarA to vastutaH eka hI prakAra kI hai; kiMtu jina sAdhanoM se yaha nirjarA kI jAtI hai, una sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para usake bAraha bheda batAye gaye haiM - 1) anazana, 2) UNodarI yA avamaudarya, 3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna (bhikSAcaryA) 4) rasaparityAga, 5) vivaktazayyAsana - pratisaMlInatA tapa, 6) kAyAkleza, 7) prAyazcita, 8) vinaya tapa, 9) vaiyAvRtyatapa, 10) svAdhyAya tapa, 11) vyutsarga tapa, 12) dhyAnatapa / 126 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 127 aura tattvArtha rAjavArtika 128 meM 12 prakAra ke tapa kA vivecana hai| 1 ) anazana bhojanAdi kA tyAga karanA anazana tapa hai| maryAdita samaya ke lie yA AjIvana ke lie AhAra kA tyAga karanA anazana kahalAtA hai| ise upavAsa yA anazana ke rUpa meM jA jAtA hai / vaise to upavAsa roga nivRtti ke lie bhI kiye jAte haiM, paraMtu jo upavAsa AdhyAtmika * vizuddhi ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, vahI vAstavika upavAsa hai / anazana kA uddezya saMyama rakSaNa aura karmoM kI nirjarA donoM hI haiM / 129 saMkSepa meM saMyama kI sAdhanA, deha ke prati rAga-bhAva kA vinAza, dhyAna sAdhanA athavA jJAna-sAdhanA ke lie anazana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sAtha hI jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA bhI hotI hai / 130 2) UNodarI yA avamaudarya UNodarI yaha tapa kA dUsarA prakAra hai| 'Una' kA artha nyUna yA kama hotA hai / udara (peTa) kI AvazyakatA se kama khAnA yA usake kucha bhAga ko khAlI rakhanA avamaudarya tapa kahA jAtA hai / 131 ise avamaudayArikA 132 athavA UnodArI bhI kahA jAtA hai / 133

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309 saMkSepa meM UnodarI tapa kA tAtparya AhAra ke parimANa meM kamI karanA athavA apekSita AhAra se kama AhAra grahaNa karanA, kaSAyoM ko kama karanA UnodarI tapa kA bhAva pakSa hai / 134 3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna (bhikSAcaryA) vividha vastuoM kI lAlasA ko kama karanA yA bhogAkAMkSA para aMkuza lagAnA vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa kahA hai / vRtti kA artha bhikSAvRtti bhI hai / bhikSAvRtti ke lie vividha prakAra kI maryAdAoM ko svIkAra karanA vRtti parisaMkhyAna tapa hai| jaise do yA tIna gharoM se hI bhikSAgrahaNa karU~gA athavA eka yA do bAra meM pAtra meM jo AhAra AyegA usI se saMtuSTa rahU~gA / yahI vRtti parisaMkhyAna hai / - jaina paraMparA meM bhikSAcaryA ko gocarI yA madhukarI bhI kahA jAtA hai / jaise gAya ghAsa ko Upara Upara se grahaNa karake apanI kSudhA tRpta kara letI hai aura jaise bha~varA thor3A-thor3A ra grahaNa karake kSudhA zAMta kara letA hai / usI prakAra muni bhI gRhasthoM ke ghara se thor3I-thor3I bhikSA grahaNa karake apanI kSudhA ko nivRtta kara letA hai| vastuta: yaha dRSTikoNa na kevala jaina * paraMparA kA hai, apitu bauddha tathA vaidika darzana meM bhI bhikSAgrahaNa karane kI vidhi mAnI gaI hai| bhikSAvRtti ko vividha prakAra se maryAdita karanA kI vRtti saMkSepa tapa kahalAtA hai| zramaNa ko madhukara kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra bhramara phUloM para ghUmate samaya thor3A-thor3A madhu pIkara " saMtuSTa ho jAtA hai, aura phUloM ko bhI kisI prakAra ke hAni nahIM pahu~cane detA, usI prakAra muni bhojana ke lAlaca se rahita hokara samabhAva se gRhasthoM ke ghara jAkara sahaja bhAva se banAye gaye bhojana (AhAra) meM se thoDA-thoDA grahaNa karate haiN| isase gRhastha ko koI takalIpha nahIM hotI / 135 4) rasa parityAga rasa parityAga eka prakAra kA AsvAda vrata hai / isameM svAda para vijaya prApta karane kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| ghI Adi se nirmita ati gariSTa AhAra zarIra meM zIghra hI mada (vikAra) utpanna karatA hai, jisase mana caMcala hotA hai / indriyA~ uttejita hotI haiM tathA saMyama ke baMdhana TUTate haiN| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke lie 'rasatyAga' AsvAda vrata atIva Avazyaka hai| rasayukta bhojana sAdhaka ke lie viSa ke samAna mAnA gayA hai| dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela, madhu, makkhana Adi vikArI rasoM kA tyAga karanA 'rasa parityAga' kahalAtA hai| isa tapa se indriyoM tathA nidrA para vijaya prApta hotI hai| saMyama bAdhA nivRtti ke lie ghI Adi kA tyAga karanA rasa parityAga hai| 136 'tattvArtharAjavAtirka 137 meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai|

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310 5) vivakta-zayyAsana-pratisaMlInatA tapa brahmacarya-pAlana, jIva-saMrakSaNa, dhyAnasiddhi tathA svAdhyAya Adi ke lie ekAMta jagaha rahanA, sonA yA Asana lagAnA 'vivikta-zayyAsana' kahalAtA hai| vivikta-zayyAsana kA dUsarA nAma pratisaMlInatA bhI hai| AtmA meM lIna honA pratisaMlInatA tapa hai| indriya, kaSAya, mana, vacana aura kAyA- trividha yogoM ko bahAra se haTAkara AtmA meM lIna honA pratisaMlInatA hai| pratisaMlInatA tapa ke cAra bheda haiM 1) indriya pratisaMlInatA 2) kaSAya pratisaMlInatA 3) yoga pratisaMlInatA 4) vivikta-zayyAsana sevanA . isakA vivecana suttAgame meM kiyA gayA hai| 138 6) kAyakleza zarIra ko kaSTa denA, usakA damana karanA, indriyoM kA nigraha krnaa| yaha bhAratIya adhyAtma-darzana kI pRSThabhUmi hai| samasta duHkha evaM kaSTa zarIra ko hote haiM AtmA ko nahIM hote| kaSToM ke kAraNa se pIr3A hotI hai| vadha karane se zarIra kA nAza hotA hai, paraMtu AtmA kA nAza nahIM hotaa|139 . kAyakleza tapa kA vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI bahuta mahattva hai| manuSya ko koI bhI mahAn kArya siddha karane ke lie kaSTa sahana karane par3ate haiN| kisI bhI acche kAma meM aneka saMkaTa Ate rahate haiN| zreyAMsi bhuvidhyaani| paraMtu ina saMkaToM ko pAra karane ke lie sAhasa aura sahiSNutArUpI naukA kI AvazyakatA hai| sAtha hI Atmabala aura manobala kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sukumAra aura komala loga sAdhanA nahIM kara skte| sukumAratA kA tyAga kara zarIra ko AtApanA se tapAnA caahie|140 kAyakleza tapa hamAre jIvana ko suvarNa ke samAna ujjvala banAtA hai| yadyapi sAdhu ko dRSTi meM rakhakara yA lakSya karake yaha tapa batAyA gayA hai, paraMtu sAmAnya manuSya bhI yaha tapa kara sakatA hai| Asana lagAkara dhyAna karanA, tapa kA saMkalpa karanA, zarIra kA mamatva kama karanA, zarIra kI AdatoM ko maryAdita krnaa| isa prakAra saMpUrNa sAdhanA kAyakleza tapa kI ArAdhanA hai| vAstavika kAyakleza tapa kA uddezya eka hI hai| vaha hai zarIra ke prati AkarSaNa ko kama karanA arthAt zarIra kA moha choDanA, isa uddezya ko pUrNa karane ke lie jo sAdhana

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311 upayoga meM lAye jAte haiM, saba kAyakleza tapa kahalAte haiN|141 tattvArtharAjavArtika meM bhI yahI kahA hai|142 tapa karane se zarIra ko laghutA prApta hotI hai, pratyeka kArya nirdoSa hotA hai, saMyama hotA hai aura karmo kI nirjarA hotI hai|143 yahA~ taka bAhya tapa ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| aba abhyaMtara tapa kA vivecana kiyA jaayegaa| jaina dharma kI tapa vidhi bAhya se aMtara kI ora pragati karatI hai| jainadharma meM tapoM kA krama isa prakAra hai| AbhyaMtara tapa meM mana kI vizuddhi, saralatA aura ekAgratA kI vizeSa sAdhanA hotI hai| bAhya tapa kI sAdhanA se sAdhaka apane zarIra ko jItatA hai aura zarIra kA saMzodhana karatA hai| AbhyaMtara tapa ke chaha sopAna 1) prAyazcita, 2) vinaya, 3) vaiyAvRttya, 4) svAdhyAya, 5) vyutsarga, 6) dhyAna ye tapa bAhya dravya kI apekSA nahIM rkhte| ye aMta:karaNa ke vyApAra se hote haiN| inheM abhyaMtara tapa kahate haiN|144 tattvArtharAjavArtika meM bhI yahI bAta batAI hai|145 7) prAyazcita - dhAraNa kiye hue vratoM meM pramAda ke kAraNa lage doSoM kI zuddhi karanA prAyazcita tapa kahalAtA hai| doSa zuddhi ke lie ucita prAyazcita lekara samyak prakAra se doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA 'prAyazcita' tapa hai| rAjakIya niyamoM meM jisa prakAra aparAdha ke lie daMDa kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai, usI prakAra dhArmika niyamoM meM doSa ke lie prAyazcita kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| 'prAyazcita' do zabdoM se milakara banA hai- prAya: aura citt| prAya: kA artha hai- pApa aura citta kA artha hai- usa pApa kA vizodhana krnaa| arthAt pApa ko zuddha karane kI kriyA kA nAma hI prAyazcita hai|146 prAkRta bhASA meM prAyazcita ko pAyacchitta147 kahA jAtA hai| pAyacchitta zabda kI vyutpati batAte hue AcArya kahate haiM- pAya arthAt pApa aura chitta arthAt chedana karanA jo kriyA pApa kA chedana karatI hai arthAt pApa ko dUra karatI hai, use pAyacchitta kahate haiN|148 paMcASaka-saTIkavivaraNa meM bhI yahI kahA hai|149 manuSya pramAda meM anucita kArya karatA hai, doSoM kA sevana karatA hai, aneka aparAdha karatA hai, paraMtu jisakI AtmA jAgaruka rahatI hai, vaha dharma-adharma kA vicAra karatA hai, jisake mana meM, paraloka meM acchI gati prApta ho aisI bhAvanA rahatI hai vaha usa anucita AcaraNa ke lie mana meM pazcAtApa karatA hai| ye doSa kAMTe ke samAna usake hRdaya meM cubhate haiN| una doSoM se nivRta hone ke lie gurujanoM ke samakSa pApa ko pragaTa kara, prAyazcita lenA hI tapa sAdhanA kI vidhi hai| prAyazcita ko mukti kA mArga batAyA hai|150

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312 8) vinaya tapa abhyaMtara tapa kA dUsarA bheda vinaya tapa hai| vinaya kA saMbaMdha hRdaya se hai| yaha Atmika guNa hai| jisakA hRdaya komala hai, vahI vinaya tapa kA AcaraNa kara sakatA hai| vinaya kA artha hai mana tathA AtmA kA anushaasn| vinayazIla vyakti pApa evaM asat AcaraNa se DaratA hai vinIta kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai, 'jo lajjAzIla hai aura indriyoM kA damana karane vAlA hai, use suvinIta kahate haiM / 151 - jisase ATha karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai, use vinaya kahate haiM, arthAt vinaya ATha karmoM ko dUra karatA hai aura usase cAra gatiyoM kA aMta karane vAle mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| vinaya zabda tIna arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai 1) anuzAsana,152 2) AtmasaMyama zIla (sadAcAra)153 tathA 3) namratA aura sdvyvhaar|154 bhagavatIsUtra meM vinaya ke sAta bheda batAye haiM ve isa prakAra hai 1) jJAnavinaya, 2) darzanavinaya, 3) cAritryavinaya, 4) manavinaya, 5) vacanavinaya, 6) kAyAvinaya, 7) lokopcaarviny| 1) jJAnavinaya - jJAnI logoM ke sAtha vinayapUrNa vyavahAra karanA caahie| 2) darzanavinaya - samyaktva kA Adara karanA aura samyakdRSTi rkhnaa| sAtha hI gurujanoM kI sevA krnaa| 3) cAritryavinaya - cAritryasaMpanna vyaktiyoM ke sAtha vinayapUrNa vyavahAra krnaa| 4) manavinaya - mana para anuzAsana rkhnaa| 5) vacanavinaya - suMdara saumya sarvajana hitakArI vacana bolnaa| 6) kAyAvinaya - upayogapUrvaka calanA, rukanA, UThanA, baiThanA arthAt yatnApUrvaka indriyoM kI halacala krnaa| 7) lokopacAravinaya - ise loka vyavahAra bhI kahate haiM satya priya aura madhura bhASA bolnaa| sAtha hI kisI ke bhI sAtha dveSapUrNa vyavahAra na krnaa|155 vinaya kA phala mokSa hai| AgamakAroM ne bhI udghoSita kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra vRkSa kA udgama mUla se hotA hai aura usakA aMtima phala rasa hotA hai, usI prakAra dharmarUpI vRkSa kA mUla vinaya aura usakA aMtima phala rasa arthAt mokSa hai|156 vinaya kA jIvanavyApI prabhAva batAte hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra suMgadha ke kAraNa caMdana kI mahimA hai, saumyatA ke kAraNa caMdramA kA gaurava hai,

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313 madhuratA ke kAraNa amRta jagatpriya hai, usI prakAra vinaya ke kAraNa manuSya bhI saMpUrNa vizva meM priya aura AdaraNIya hotA hai| jainadharma meM vinaya kA upadeza Atma vikAsa ke lie, jJAna prApti ke lie aura gurujanoM kI sevA dvArA karma nirjarA ke lie diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra vinaya se AtmA sarala zuddha aura nirmala banatI hai| 9) vaiyAvRtyatapa yaha AbhyaMtara tapa kA tIsarA bheda hai| manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai| vaha samAja meM rahatA hai| use dUsare ke sahayoga kI apekSA hotI hai| sukha-du:kha ke samaya, saMkaTa ke samaya tathA roga-grasta hone para use anya kisI sahayoga kI apekSA hotI hai|157 jIvoM meM paraspara sahayoga aura upakAra karane kI vRtti hotI hai|158 bhagavadgItA meM bhI paraspara sahayoga ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai parasparaM bhAvayantaH zreyaH paramavApsyatha / 159 paraspara upakAra kI vRtti choTe baDe sabhI jIvoM meM milatI hai| jaise cIMTI, madhumakkhI, hAthI, hirana, gAya Adi pazupakSI samUha meM rahakara eka dUsare ko sahayoga dete haiN| eka bAra gaNadhara gautama ne pUchA- 'bhagavan! Apane sevA vaiyAvRtya kA vizeSa mahattva batAyA hai lekina vaiyAvRtya ke dvArA AtmA ko phala kI prApti kaise hotI hai?' bhagavan ne uttara diyA- 'vaiyAvRtya karane se AtmA tIrthaMkara nAma gotrakarma kA upArjana karatA hai| yahI vaiyAvRtya kA mahAn phala hai| usake AcaraNa se AtmA vizva ke sarvotkRSTa pada kI prApti karatA hai|160 AcAryoM kI sevA karanA, upAdhyAyoM kI sevA karanA, sthavira muni, tapasviyoM kI, rogiyoM kI, navadIkSita muniyoM kI sevA karanA, kula kI sevA karanA, gaNa kI sevA karanA, saMgha kI sevA karanA, saha-dhArmika kI sevA krnaa| 161 ina dasa bhedoM se sAdhu jIvana se saMbaMdhita samasta samUha A gyaa| ina sAdhakoM kI sevA karanA, unakI paricaryA karanA, aura sukha zAMti ho, aisA AcaraNa karanA hI vaiyAvRtya hai| sevA yA vaiyAvRtya meM paramadharma, sarvottama tapa aura mokSa mArga kA utkRSTa sopAna hai| 10) svAdhyAya tapa yaha AbhyaMtara tapa kA cauthA bheda hai| tapa kA uddezya kevala zarIra ko kSINa karanA hI nahIM hai, apitu tapa kA mUla uddezya hai aMtarvikAra ko kSINa karake mana ko nirmala evaM sthira banAnA aura AtmA kA svarUpa prakaTa krnaa| mAnasika zuddhi ke lie tapa ke vividha svarUpoM kA varNana jaina zAstroM meM kiyA gayA hai| unameM svAdhyAya aura dhyAna ye do tapa pramukha haiN| svAdhyAya mana ko zuddha karane kI prakriyA hai aura dhyAna mana ko sthira karane kii| zuddha mana hI

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314 sthira ho sakatA hai, isalie pahale mana:zuddhi kaise kI jAya, kina sAdhanoM se aura kaunasI prakriyAoM se mana ko nirmala va nirdoSa banAyA jAya isakA vicAra kiyA jaay| suSThu AmaryAdayA aghIyate iti svaadhyaay| sat zAstra kA maryAdApUrvaka vAcana karanA tathA acche graMthoM kA ThIka prakAra se adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya hai|162 svAdhyAya ke kAraNa mana itanA nirmala aura pAradarzaka banatA hai ki zAstra kA rahasya usameM pratibiMbita hone lagatA hai, isalie svAdhyAya eka abhUtapUrva tapa hai| svAdhyAya zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue vidvAnoM ne kahA hai 'svasya svasmin adhyAyaH adhyayanaM svAdhyAyaH / svayaM adhyayana karanA arthAt AtmaciMtana, manana karanA hI svAdhyAya kahalAtA hai| svAdhyAya kA mahattva * jisa prakAra zarIra ke vikAsa ke lie vyAyAma aura bhojana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra buddhi ke vikAsa ke lie svAdhyAya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| svAdhyAya kA jIvana meM kitanA mahattva hai ise mAnava anubhava se hI samajha sakatA hai| manuSya ke vikAsa ke lie satsaMgati kI baDI mahimA hai, paraMtu sat zAstra kA mahattva satsaMgati se bhI adhika hai| satsaMgati hara bAra nahIM mila sktii| sAdhujanoM kA paricaya aura sahavAsa kabhI milatA hai aura kabhI nahIM bhI milatA, lekina sat zAstra hara samaya manuSya ke sAtha rahatA hai| aMgrejI ke prasiddha vidvAna Tapara ne kahA hai- Books are our best friends- graMtha hamAre sarvazreSTha mitra haiN|163 manuSya ko sarvaprathama roTI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yaha jIvana detI hai, paraMtu sat zAstra kI usase bhI adhika AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki sat zAstra jIvana kI kalA sikhAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM lokamAnya tilaka ne kahA hai- 'maiM naraka meM bhI una sat zAstroM kA svAgata karU~gA kyoMki sat zAstra eka adbhuta zakti hai| vaha jahA~ hogI vahA~ apane Apa hI svarga bana jAyegA, isalie sat zAstra kA adhyayana jIvana meM atyaMta Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sat zAstra ko 'tIsarA netra' (zAstram tRtIya locanam) kahA gayA hai| 'sarvasya locanaM zAstraM' aisA bhI ullekha milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane aMtima upadeza meM kahA hai, - 'svAdhyAya ke sAtatya se samasta duHkhoM se mukti milatI hai|164 aneka janmoM meM saMcita aneka prakAra ke karma svAdhyAya se kSINa hote haiM / svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNIya karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai|165 svAdhyAya eka baDI tapasyazcaryA hai| isalie AcAryoM ne kahA hai- 166 na vi atthi na vi a hohi sajjhAya-samaM tavokammaM /

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315 vaidika graMthoM meM bhI jainadarzana ke samAna svAdhyAya ko tapa mAnA gayA hai / taittirIya araNyaka meM kahA hai svAdhyAya svayaM hI eka tapa hai|167 taittirIyopaniSad meM kahA - svAdhyAyayAna mA prmdH|168 arthAt svAdhyAya meM kabhI pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| yogadarzanakAra pataJjali ne kahA hai- svAdhyAya se iSTadeva kA sAkSAtkAra hone lagatA hai|169 jaina Agama meM svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda batAye haiM- vAcanA, pRcchanA, parivartana, anuprekSA aura dharmakathA inakA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - vAcanA - sadgraMthoM kA vAcana karanA aura dUsaroM ko sikhaanaa| pRcchanA - mana meM zaMkA utpanna hone para gurujanoM se pUchanA aura jJAna ko bddhaanaa| pRcchanA kA artha hai jijJAsA aura jijJAsA jJAna kI kuMjI hai| parivartanA - jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai usakI AvRti karate rhnaa| isase jJAna meM sthiratA AtI hai aura jJAna dRDha banatA hai| dharma anuprekSA - tattva ke artha aura rahasya para vistArapUrvaka aura gaharAI meM jAkara ciMtana krnaa| dharmakathA - dharmopadeza svayaM sunanA aura lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA se dUsaroM ko dharma kA upadeza denaa|170 isa prakAra svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda batAye haiM- inake bhI aneka upabheda jainazAstroM (bhagavatIsUtra, ThANAMga) Adi meM kahe gaye haiN| 171 sAdhaka ko apanA jIvana svAdhyAya, tapa meM lagAkara zAstra kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie, tathA jJAna kI upAsanA kara, jIvana ko ujjvala banAnA caahie| 11) vyutsarga tapa abhyaMtara tapa kA yaha pA~cavA bheda hai - vyutsrg| vyutsarga zabda 'vi' aura 'utsarga' ina do padoM se milakara banA hai| 'vi' kA artha hai viziSTa aura utsarga kA artha hai tyaag| viziSTa tyAga arthAt tyAga karane kI viziSTa paddhati hI vyutsarga hai| digaMbara AcArya akalaMka ne vyutsarga kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- nisaMgatA, anAsakti, nirbhayatA aura jIvana kI lAlasA kA tyAga vyutsarga ke AdhAra haiN|172 dharma ke lie tathA AtmasAdhanA ke lie svayaM kA utsarga karane kI paddhati hI vyutsarga hai|173

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316 sAdhaka vyutsarga tapa meM pASANa kI pratimA ke samAna sthira hokara daMzamazaka Adi pariSaha Ane para bhI duSTa logoM ke dvArA prahAra kiye jAne para bhI nirAkula bhAva se AtmA meM lIna rahatA hai aura sAdhanA meM dRDhatA baDhane se parama sahiSNutA prApta karatA hai| ahaMbhAva, parigraha aura mamatvabhAva ke tyAga ko 'vyutsarga-tapa' kahate haiN| vyutsarga kA artha hai- choDa denA yA tyAga denA, bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga bAhya upadhi vyutsarga hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, mithyAtva, hAsya, rati, arati, bhaya, zoka, jugupsA Adi abhyaMtara doSoM kI nivRtti abhyaMtara upadhi vyutsarga haiN| kAyotsarga pada meM kAyA kA artha hai zarIra aura utsarga kA artha hai prityaag| isameM kucha samaya ke lie zArIrika halacaloM kA tyAga karake mAnasika ciMtana kiyA jAtA hai| jainasAdhanA meM isa tapa ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai aura use Atmazuddhi ke pratyeka anuSThAna ke prAraMbha meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| mAnasika ciMtana cAhe kisI pratijJA ke rUpa meM ho yA saMbhAvita doSoM kI pratyAlocanA ke rUpa meM ho, yaha sAdhanA hRdaya taka pahuMcatI hai|174 12) dhyAnatapa - abhyaMtara tapa kA yaha chaThA atyaMta mahattvapUrNa bheda hai| mana ko eka viSaya para ekAgra karanA arthAt keMdrita karanA 'dhyAna' hai| vaha gatizIla hai| mana kabhI zubha vicAra karatA hai, to kabhI azubha vicAra karatA hai| mana ke isa prakAra ke pravAha ko azubha vicAroM se parAvRtta karake, zubha vicAra para keMdrita- 'dhyAna' kahalAtA hai| dhyAna se Atmabala baDhatA hai aura mana samAdhistha hotA hai| __ citta-vikSepa kA tyAga karake Atma svarUpa meM lIna honA 'dhyAna' kahalAtA hai| dhyAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA 'dhyAna' kahalAtA hai| dhyAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA 'dhyAna' hai| dhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM- 1) ArtadhyAna, 2) raudradhyAna, 3) dharmadhyAna aura 4) shukldhyaan| Arta aura raudra dhyAna saMsAra ke kAraNa haiN| isalie ve heya (tyAjya) haiM, kiMtu dharma aura zukla dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa haiM, isalie ve upAdeya haiN|175 jo koI siddha hue haiM, siddha ho rahe haiM aura siddha hogeM unakI siddhi kA kAraNa zubha dhyAna hI hai|176 AcArya hemacaMdra ne kahA hai- 'Apane viSaya (dhyeya) meM mana kA ekAgra honA dhyAna hai| 177 AcArya bhadrabAhu ne bhI kahA hai cittaseggayA havai jhaannN|

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317 citta ko kisI bhI viSaya para sthira karanA arthAt ekAgra karanA 'dhyAna' hai / 178 AcArya siddhasena ne dhyAna kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- zubha aura pavitra AlaMbana (avayava) para mana ko ekAgra karanA 'dhyAna' hai / 179 AcAryoM ne dhyAna ke do bheda kiye haiM 1) zubha dhyAna, 2) azubha dhyAna / jisa prakAra gAya kA dUdha aura 'thUhara ' ( eka viSailI vanaspati) kA dUdha, donoM dUdha hI - haiM / aura unheM dUdha bhI kahA jAtA hai, paraMtu donoM meM bahuta adhika bheda hai, eka amRta hai to dUsarA viSa hai| gAya kA amRtamaya dUdha manuSya ko zakti pradAna karatA hai, lekina thUhara viSamaya dUdha manuSya ko mAra DAlatA hai isI taraha dUsarA dhyAna- dhyAna meM bhI aMtara hai| eka zubha dhyAna hai, to dUsarA azubha dhyAna / zubha dhyAna mokSa kA hetu hai, to azubha dhyAna naraka kA hetu hai / cittarUpI nadI kI do dhArAe~ haiM citanAm nadI 'ubhayato vAhinI vahati kalyANAya pApAya ca / arthAt cittarUpI nadI donoM ora se bahatI hai, kabhI kalyANa ke mArga se kabhI pApa ke mArga se| citta kI isa ubhayamukhI gati ke kAraNa dhyAna ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| zubha- prazasta dhyAna aura azubha- aprazasta dhyAna / zubha dhyAna do prakAra kA hai aura azubha dhyAna bhI do prakAra kA hai| isa prakAra dhyAna ke kula cAra prakAra haiN| ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna | 180 ThANAMgasUtra meM bhI cAra dhyAna kA varNana AyA hai / 181 bAhya aura AbhyaMtara tapoM kA samanvaya bAhya aura abhyaMtara tapa ke bhedoM aura upabhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| donoM kA samAna sthAna hai, kAraNa yaha hai ki Atmazuddhi ke lie jisa prakAra upavAsa svAdavarjana tathA kaSTa sahiSNutA kI jarUrata hai, usI prakAra vinaya, sevA, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna kI bhI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| bAhya aura abhyaMtara tapa kA astitva eka dUsare para AdhArita hai, sAtha hI eka dUsare kA pUraka hai| bAhya tapa se abhyaMtara tapa puSTa banatA hai, aura abhyaMtara tapa se anazana UNodarI bAhya tapoM kI sAdhanA sahajatA se hotI hai| tapa rUpI ratha ke bAhya aura abhyaMtara ye pahiye haiN| ina do pahiyoM para hI ratha AdhArita hai / ratha kabhI eka pahiye se nahIM cala usake lie do pahiye cAhie / bAhya tapa ko yadi abhyaMtara tapa kA sahayoga na mile, saphala nahIM ho sakatA / to vaha bAhya tapa kriyA yoga kA pratIka hai to abhyaMtara tapa jJAna yoga kA / jJAna aura kriyA ina donoM ke samanvaya se hI jIvana saphala hotA hai| jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH /

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isa prakAra jaina dharma meM jJAna aura kriyA kA samAna mahattva hai| jJAna ke binA kriyA aMdha hai / aura kriyA ke binA jJAna paMgu hai| isa prakAra bAhya aura abhyaMtara ina donoM tapoM ke samanvaya se hI mokSa prApti hotI hai| tapa ke bheda 18 . bAhya tapa (chaH prakAra) 1 ) anazana, 2) avamaudarya, 3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna, 4) rasaparityAga, 5) viviktazayyAsana, 6) kAyakleza 318 dhyAna ke bheda ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna, zukladhyAna / abhyaMtara tapa (chaH prakAra) 1) prAyazcita, 2) vinaya, 3) vaiyAvRtya, 4) svAdhyAya, 5) vyutsarga, 6) dhyAna tapa kA mahattva 'tapa' ciMtAmaNI ratna ke samAna ciMtAoM ko dUra karanevAlA hai| duHkharUpI aMdhakAra haTAne ke lie tapa sAkSAt sUrya ke samAna hai| karmarUpI parvatoM kA nAza karane ke lie yaha vajra 'ke samAna upayogI hai| isameM samasta prakAra kI arthasiddhi samAviSTa hai / karmarUpI zatruoM ko naSTa karane kA amogha sAdhana tapa hai| tapa saMsArarUpI samudra ko pAra karAtA hai, isalie zuddha bhAvanA se tapa ArAdhanA karanI caahie| tapa kA teja sUrya se jyAdA prakhara hai| mukti aura adhyAtma ke lie sabhI dharmoM meM tapa ko mahattva diyA hai| jaina darzana kA tapa sAdhanA kA mArga haThayoga kA mArga nahIM hai| zarIra aura mana para kisI bhI prakAra kA balAtkAra yahA~ dikhAI nahIM detaa| mana kI prasannatA ke uparAMta hI zarIra ke dvArA tapa ho sakatA hai| jaina-dharma kI tapa sAdhanA meM eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki durbala se durbala sAtha hI mahAn se mahAn zaktizAlI puruSa bhI apanI zakti ke anusAra isa tapomArga kI ArAdhanA kara sakatA hai| choTe se choTA vrata tapa kI koTi meM AtA hai| UnodarI to rogI, bhogI, yogI koI bhI kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra tapa kI sarala sAdhanA bhI isameM batAI gaI hai| dhIre-dhIre zarIra aura mana dRDha hone para kaThora, dIrgha upavAsa, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga jaisI mahAna sAdhanA dvArA tapa ke uccatama zikhara para pahu~ca sakatA hai|

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319 . . vAstava meM tapa adhyAtma sAdhanA kA prANa hai| bhAratIya dharmoM meM aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina dharma meM tapa ke vividha bhedoM para saMpUrNa vicAra, ciMtana aura manana kiyA gayA hai| jIvana kI pratyeka pravRtti tapomaya honI caahie| aisI jainadharma kI jIvanadRSTi hai| tapa jIvana kI UrjA hai| sRSTi kA mUla cakra hai| tapa hI jIvana hai| tapa damana nahIM zamana hai| nigraha nahIM abhigraha hai| kevala bhojana nirodha nahIM vAsanA nirodha bhI hai| tapa jIvana ko saumya, svaccha, sAtvika aura sarvAMgapUrNa banAne kI divya sAdhanA hai| yaha eka aisI sAdhanA hai| jisase AdhyAtmika paripUrNatA prApta hotI hai, aura aMta meM sAdhaka janma, jarA evaM mRtyu ke cakra se vimukta hokara paramAtmA pada taka pahu~catA hai| tapa jala ke binA honevAlA aMtaraMga snAna hai| yaha jIvana ke vikAroM kA saMpUrNa mala dhokara svacchatA lAtA hai| isa prakAra jainadharma ke tapa ke mahattva ko samajha lene para spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadharma eka vaijJAnika dharma hai| baMdha - dUdha meM jaise jala, dhAtu meM jaise mRtikA, puSpa meM jaise sugaMdha, tila meM jaise tela, lauhe ke gole meM jaise agnI, usI prakAra AtmapradezoM meM karmapudgala kA samAveza hotA hai| yahI 'baMdha' hai| do padArthoM ke viziSTa saMbaMdha ko baMdha kahate haiN| jIva kaSAyayukta hokara karma yogya aise pudgala grahaNa karatA hai yahI baMdha hai, isakA artha yaha hai ki karmayogya pudgaloM kA aura jIva kA agni aura lohapiNDa ke samAna jo saMbaMdha hai, vahI baMdha hai|183 tattvArthasAra meM bhI baMdha ke viSaya meM yahI kahA hai|184 jaba taka AsravoM kA dvAra khulA rahatA hai, taba taka baMdha hotA hI rhegaa| jahA~ jahA~ Asrava hai, vahA~-vahA~ baMdha hai hii| Agama zAstra meM anya padArthoM ke samAna baMdha ko bhI sat, tattva, tathya Adi saMjJAoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| kahA hai ki aisA mata samajhie ki baMdha aura mokSa nahIM hai, paraMtu aisA samajhie ki baMdha aura mokSa hai| 185 baMdha kI vyAkhyAe~ jisase karma bA~dhA jAtA hai, use baMdha kahate haiN| jo ba~dhatA hai yA jisake dvArA bA~dhA jAtA hai athavA jo baMdhanarUpa hai, vaha baMdha hai| iSTa sthAna arthAt mukti pAne meM jo bAdhaka kAraNa hai use baMdha kahate haiN| karma-pradezoM kA Atma pradezoM ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAhI honA baMdha hai| Atma dravya ke sAtha saMyoga aura samavAya saMbaMdha hotA hai, use hI baMdha kahate haiN|186 vastuta: jIva aura karma ke mizraNa ko hI baMdha kahate haiM, jIva apanI pravRttiyoM se karmayogya pudgala ko grahaNa karatA hai| grahaNa kiye hue karma pudgaloM kA jIva-pradezoM ke sAtha saMyoga 'baMdha' hai| 187 navapadArtha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai|188

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320 baMdha kA svarUpa AcArya zIlAMka ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM kahA hai ki, AraMbha aura kaSAya AtmA ke parigraha haiN| mithyAtva aura ajJAna AtmA ke baMdhana haiN| jaba taka inakA astitva rahegA, taba taka AtmA baMdhana se mukta nahIM hogii| pUrvabaddha karma ThIka samaya para phala dekara avazya hI alaga hoMge, paraMtu usase nae karma kA baMdha hotA rahegA aura baMdha kI paraMparA jArI rhegii| isalie baMdha kA svarUpa aura usake kAraNoM kA jJAna kara lenA Avazyaka hai| usase hI AtmA baMdhana kA tyAga kara mukta ho skegii| vastuta: baMdha bhI AtmA kI paryAya hai aura mokSa bhI AtmA kI paryAya hai, paraMtu donoM paryAyoM meM bahuta bar3A aMtara hai| mokSa yaha AtmA kI vizuddha paryAya hai to baMdha azuddha paryAya hai| jaba taka moha aura ajJAna rahegA, rAga-dveSa aura mithyAtva raheMge, taba taka baMdha kI paryAya yA azuddha paryAya rhegii| - jaba sva-svarUpa meM sthita honA hI baMdhana se mukta honA hai aura parabhAva meM bhautika vastuoM meM yA para padArthoM meM ramanA yahI baMdhana hai|189 jaba taka baMdhana kA svarUpa samajhA nahIM jAyegA, taba taka mokSa kA svarUpa bhI samajhA nahIM jAegA, baMdhana kA svarUpa samajhane ke bAda hI use naSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA jA skegaa| 190 baMdha yaha Asrava aura nirjarA ke bIca kI sthiti hai| Asrava ke dvArA karma pudgala AtmapradezoM meM Ate haiN| nirjarA dvArA karma pudgala AtmapradezoM se bAhara nikalate haiN| karma paramANuoM kA Atmapradeza meM AnA arthAt Asrava aura unakA alaga honA arthAt nirjarA tathA una donoM ke bIca kI sthiti (avasthA) ko baMdha kahate haiN|191 AgamoM meM baMdha ke kAraNa yAne baMdha hetu do prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM- rAga aura dvess| yaha karma ke bIja haiN| jo koI pApa karma haiM ve rAga aura dveSa se hI hote haiN| 192 TIkAkAra ne rAga ko mAyA aura lobha kahA hai aura dveSa ko krodha aura mAna kahA hai| Agama meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki jIva ina cAra kaSAyoM ke dvArA vartamAna meM ATha karmoM ko bA~dhatA hai, bhUtakAla meM usane ATha karma bA~dhe haiM aura bhaviSyakAla meM vaha ATha karma baaNdhegaa|193 / eka bAra gautamasvAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI se pUchA - 'jIva dvArA karma kaise bA~dhA jAtA hai?' bhagavAna ne uttara diyA- 'gautama! jIva do sthAnoM se karmabaMdha karatA hai, rAga se aura dveSa se / 194 dUsarA mata aisA hai ki yoga prakRtibaMdha kA aura pradezabaMdha kA hetu hai aura kaSAya sthitibaMdha aura anubhAgabaMdha kA hetu hai| isa prakAra yoga aura kaSAya ye do karmabaMdha ke hetu haiN| 195

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321 tIsarA mata aisA hai ki mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye baMdha hetu haiN| baMdha hetuoM meM pramAda kA ullekha nahIM hai| Agama meM pramAda ko bhI baMdha hetu kahA hai| baMdha ke do bheda H dravyabaMdha aura bhAvabaMdha 1) dravyabaMdha karmapudgala kA (karmasamUha) AtmapradezoM ke sAtha jo saMbaMdha banatA hai, use 'dravyabaMdha' kahate haiN| 'dravyabaMdha' meM AtmA aura karma pudgaloM kA saMyoga hotA hai paraMtu ye do dravya eka nahIM hote, unakI svataMtra sattA banI rahatI hai| 2) bhAvabaMdha ___ rAga-dveSa aura moha Adi vikArI bhAvoM se karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai| use bhAvabaMdha kahate haiM, arthAt jisa caitanya pariNAmoM se karmabA~dhe jAte haiM vaha bhAvabaMdha hai| beDiyoM kA (bAhya) baMdhana dravyabaMdha hai aura rAga-dveSa Adi vibhAvoM kA baMdhana bhAvabaMdha hai|196 jisa prakAra tila aura tela eka rUpa hote haiM, usI prakAra jIva aura karma eka rUpa hote haiN| jisa prakAra dUdha meM ghI anusyUta hotA hai, usI prakAra baMdha meM jIva aura karma paraspara anusyUta hote haiN| jisa prakAra dhAtu aura agni meM tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra baMdha meM jIva aura karma meM tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai, jIva aura karma kA pArasparika baMdha pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi hai|197 'rAga' bhAva anukUla padArtha ko apanI tarapha khIMcatA hai aura dveSabhAva pratikUla padArtha ko dUra rakhatA hai, paraMtu ye donoM dazAe~ AtmA kI vibhAva dazAe~ haiM, svabhAva dazAe~ nhiiN| svabhAva dazA meM para-padArtha ke prati snehabhAva yA dveSabhAva nahIM hotA, rAga aura dveSa AtmA kA zuddha svabhAva nahIM hai, isa prakAra AtmA meM rAga, dveSa, moha Adi vibhAva dazA ke sUcaka haiM, yahI baMdha hetu haiN| karma-pudgaloM kA AtmA ke sAtha jo baMdha hotA hai, vaha dravyabaMdha hai| rAgadveSa Adi bhAvabaMdha ke samApta hone para dravyabaMdha apane Apa naSTa ho jAtA hai| ___ rAga, dveSa, moha aura kaSAya Adi vikArI bhAvoM se karma pudgaloM kA baMdha hotA hai, usa vibhAva dazA (vikRta bhAvadazA) ko bhAvabaMdha kahate haiN| usa vibhAva dazA ke kAraNa karmapudgaloM ke AtmA ke sAtha hone vAle saMbaMdha ko dravya baMdha kahate haiN|198 baMdha ke cAra bheda karma pudgala jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye jAne para karmarUpa pariNamana arthAt rUpAMtara ko prApta hotA hai| usI samaya unameM cAra sthitiyA~ nirmita hotI haiN| ye sthitiyA~ hI baMdha ke bheda haiM, jaise bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi dvArA khAye gaye ghAsa Adi kA jaba dUdha meM rUpAMtara hotA hai, taba usameM

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322 madhuratA ke svabhAva kA nirmANa hotA hai| vaha svabhAva kucha nizcita kAla taka usI rUpa TikegA, aisI kAlamaryAdA bhI nizcita hotI hai / isa madhuratA ke tIvratA, maMdatA Adi vizeSa guNa bhI hote haiM aura isa dUdha kA paudgalika parimANa bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye jAne para, tathA usake Atmapradeza meM saMzleSaNa ko prApta hone para karmapudgaloM kI bhI cAra sthitiyA~ hotI haiM / prakRtibaMdha, sthitibaMdha, anubhAgabaMdha, pradezabaMdha / 199 SaDdarzana- samuccaya 200 tattvArthasAra 201 aura tattvArtha sUtra 202 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| prakRtibaMdha prakRti arthAt svabhAva 'prakRtiH svabhAvaH proktaH / payaDI ettha sahAvo / jisa prakAra nIma kA svabhAva kaDavApana aura guDa kA svabhAva mIThApana hotA hai, usI prakAra karma meM bhI ATha prakAra ke svabhAva hote haiM, inheM prakRtibaMdha kahate haiN| ATha prakAra ke karma isa prakAra haiN| 4) mohanIya, 1) jJAnAvaraNIya, 2) darzanAvaraNIya, 3) vedanIya, 5) AyuSya, 6) nAma, 7) gotra, 8) aMtarAya 203 jJAnAvaraNa kA svabhAva jJAna ko Avarita kara denA hai| darzanAvaraNa kA svabhAva darzana ko (sAmAnya pratibhAsarUpa zakti ko ) Dhaka denA hai | vedanIya kA svabhAva jIvakoSTa aniSTa padArthoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga meM sukha duHkha kA vedana yA anubhava karAne kA hai / mohanIya ke do bhedoM meM darzana mohanIya kA svabhAva tattvArtha zraddhAna na hone denA, aura cAritra mohanIya kA svabhAva saMyamabhAva meM bAdhaka hone kA aura rAga-dveSa Adi utpanna karane kA hai| Ayukarma kA svabhAva jIva ko kisI zarIra meM sthita rakhane kA hai| nAmakarma kA svabhAva jIva ke lie aneka prakAra ke zarIra Adi banAne kA hai / gotra kA svabhAva UMca yA nIca kuloM meM jIva 'ko utpanna karanA hai| aMtarAya kA svabhAva dAnAdi kAryoM meM vighna utpanna karanA hai / karma meM isa prakAra kA svabhAva nirmANa honA yaha prakRtibaMdha hai / 204 jaina siddhAMtadIpikA 205 meM bhI yahI kahA hai| jisake dvArA AtmA ko ajJAnAdirUpa phala milatA hai, vaha prakRti hai, yaha prakRti zabda kI vyutpatti hai / 206 karma jaba AtmA dvArA grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, taba unameM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA jo svabhAva utpanna hotA hai, use hI prakRtibaMdha kahate haiN| pratyeka karma kI prakRti bhinna-bhinna hotI hai / prakRtibaMdha karma ke svabhAva ke anusAra hotA hai| prakRti jaisI bA~dhI jAtI hai, vaisI hI udaya meM AtI hai| udaya meM AnevAlA karma jJAnAvaraNa Adi kisa svabhAva kA hogA, yaha dikhAnA hI prakRtibaMdha hai /

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323 ___sAmAnya rUpa se grahaNa kiye karma pudgala kA jo svabhAva hotA hai use hI prakRtibaMdha kahate haiN| vaise to prakRtibaMdha kI aneka vyAkhyAe~ haiM, paraMtu una saba kA bhAvArtha eka hI hai|207 sthitibaMdha . pratyeka prakRti kI avasthiti kAla dvArA nApI jAtI hai| pratyeka prakRti viziSTa kAla taka rahatI aura bAda meM vilIna hotI hai| isa prakAra sthitibaMdha karma prakRti ke kAlamAna ko nizcita karatA hai| svabhAva banane para usa svabhAva kI viziSTa samaya taka rahane kI jo maryAdA hotI hai, use 'sthitibaMdha' kahate haiN| sAmAnyatayA karma vizeSa kI AtmA ke sAtha rahane kI jo avadhi hotI hai, use sthitibaMdha kahate haiN|208 jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM kA AtmapradezoM ke sAtha baMdha hone para jaba taka ve apane svabhAva ko nahIM choDate aura karmarUpa rahate haiM, usa kAla maryAdA ko bhI sthitibaMdha kahate haiN|209 avasthAna kAla kA nAma sthiti hai| gati se viparIta sthiti hotI hai| jitane samaya taka vastu rahatI hai, vaha sthiti hai| jisakA jo svabhAva hai usase na badalanA sthiti hai| jisa prakAra bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM ke dUdha kA svabhAva apane mAdhurya svabhAva se cyuta na honA * sthiti hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM kA apane svabhAva se cyuta na honA sthiti hai|210 yoga ke kAraNa se karmarUpa meM pariNata hue pudgala skaMdha kA jIva meM eka rUpa se rahane kI kAlamaryAdA ko sthiti kahate haiN| 211 Upara kI vyAkhyAe~ alaga-alaga graMthoM meM alaga-alaga rUpa meM dI huI haiM, paraMtu una saba kA bhAvArtha eka hI hai, vaha hai- karma kI AtmA ke sAtha rahane kI avadhi sthitibaMdha hai| anubhAgabaMdha jJAnAvaraNAdi karma ke zubha-azubha rasa ko anubhAga baMdha kahate haiN| vipAka ke samaya karma jisa prakAra kA rasa degA, use anubhAgabaMdha kahate haiN| yaha baMdha pratyeka prakRti kA apanAapanA hotA hai| jaisA rasa ko jIva bA~dhatA hai, vaisA hI udaya meM AtA hai| vastuta: svabhAva nirmiti ke sAtha hI usameM tIvratA maMdatA Adi rUpoM se phalAnubhAva karAne vAlI vizeSatA bhI nirmita hotI hai| usa vizeSatA ko hI 'anubhAgabaMdha' kahate haiN|212 karma kA rasa zubha hai yA azubha hai, tIvra hai yA maMda hai, yaha dikhAnA 'anubhAga-baMdha' kA kArya hai| jisa prakAra bakarI, gAya aura bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha meM tIvra, maMda aura madhyama rUpa se rasavizeSa hotA hai| usI prakAra karma pudgala kI tIvra yA maMda phaladAna zakti hI 'anubhAgabaMdha' hai|213

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324 rasa, anubhAga, anubhAva aura phala ye samAnArthI zabda haiN| karma ke vipAka ko 'anubhAgabaMdha' bhI kahate haiN| vipAka do prakAra kA hotA hai 1) tIvra pariNAma se bA~dhe hue karma kA vipAka tIvra hotA hai| 2) maMda pariNAma se bA~dhe hue karma kA vipAka maMda hotA hai| karma jar3a hone para bhI pathya aura apathya AhAra ke samAna jIva ko apanI kriyA ke anusAra phala kI prApti hotI hai|214 vividha prakAra ke phala dene kI zakti ko anubhAva kahate haiN| karmAnurUpa hI usakA phala milatA hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA jo kaSAyAdi pariNAmajanita zubha yA azubha rasa hai, vaha anubhAva baMdha hai athavA AThakarma aura AtmapradezoM ke paraspara ekarUpatA ke kAraNabhUta pariNAma ko anubhAga kahate haiM athavA zubhAzubha karma kI nirjarA ke samaya sukha-duHkharUpa phala dene vAlI zakti ko anubhAga baMdha kahate haiN| pradezabaMdha pradezabaMdha karma pudgaloM kA samUha hai| pradezabaMdha bhI prakRtibaMdha se hotA hai| pratyeka prakRti ke anaMta pradeza hote haiN| AThakarmoM kI prakRti bhinna-bhinna hai| karmarAzi kA grahaNa hone para bhinna-bhinna svabhAva meM rUpAMtarita hone vAlI yaha karmarAzi svabhAva ke anusAra viziSTa parimANa meM vibhakta hotI hai| yaha parimANa vibhAga arthAt mAtrA hI pradezabaMdha hai|215 jo pudgala skaMdha karmarUpa se pariNata hue haiM, unakA paramANu rUpa se pariNamana nirdhArita karanA ki itane paramANu bA~dhe gaye, yaha pradezabaMdha hai| 216 tattvArthasUtra meM bhI yahI kahA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karmavargaNA kI athavA karmaparamANuoM kI hInAdhikatA ko pradezabaMdha kahate haiN| 217 karma vargaNA ke pudgala dalika jisa parimANa meM ba~dhate haiM, usa parimANa ko pradeza baMdha kahate haiN|218 athavA karma aura AtmA ke saMzleSa ko pradezabaMdha kahate haiN|219 . ___ AtmA ke asaMkhya pradeza hote haiN| ina asaMkhya pradezoM meM se eka-eka pradeza para anaMtAnaMta karma vargaNAoM kA saMgraha honA 'pradezabaMdha' hai| jIva ke pradezoM aura pudgala ke pradezoM kA eka kSetrAvagAhI hokara sthita honA pradezabaMdha hai| 220 jo ghanAMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke samAna eka kSetra meM sthita hai| jinakI eka, do, tIna Adi samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya kI sthiti hai, jo uSNa aura zIta tathA rUkSa aura snigdha sparza se sahita hai, samasta varNa aura rasarahita hai, sabhI karma prakRtiyoM ke yogya haiM, puNyapApa ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiM, sUkSma haiM jo samasta AtmapradezoM meM anaMtAnaMta pradezoM sahita haiM aise skaMdharUpa yA pudgala, kArmaNa vargaNAoM ke paramANu samUha ko yaha jIva jo apane adhIna karatA hai, vaha 'pradezabaMdha' hai221

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325 cAroM prakAra ke baMdha ko saMkSepa meM isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM- karma ke svabhAva ko 'prakRtibaMdha' kahate haiM / jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kAla vizeSa taka apane svabhAva se cyuta na honA sthitibaMdha hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi karmarUpa hone vAle pudgala skaMdha kI paramANu saMkhyA ko pradezabaMdha kahate haiM, aura unake rasa kI tIvratA yA maMdatA anubhAgabaMdha hai / ina cAra prakAra ke prakRti aura pradezabaMdha yoga ke nimitta se hote haiM, tathA sthiti aura anubhAga baMdha nimitta se hotA hai / 222 yoga aura kaSAya ke tara tama bhAvoM se baMdha meM bhI taratamatA AtI hai / 223 ye cAroM baMdha sUMTha, meMthI Adi vastue~ ekatrita karake unase banAe hue laDDU ke dRSTAMta se ' bhI samajhAye jAte haiN| ye laDDU khAne se vAta Adi vikAra dUra ho jAte haiM, yaha unakI prakRti yA svabhAva huaa| ye laDDU jitane dina Tikate haiM, utanI unakI kAlamaryAdA hai, yaha sthiti hai| ye laDDU kaDave mIThe hote haiM, yaha unakA rasa (svAda) anubhAga huaa| kucha laDDU baDe kucha choTe hote haiM, yaha unakA parimANa, mAtrA yA pradeza hai / laDDU meM jaisI ye cAra bAteM batAI haiM, usI prakAra karmoM ke baMdha meM bhI ye cAra bAteM hotI haiN| ise hI cAra prakAra kA baMdha kahate haiM / prakRti arthAt svabhAva, sthiti arthAt karma kI kAla maryAdA, anubhAga arthAt karma kA rasa yA tIvratA, maMdatA, aura pradeza arthAt karma kA parimANa / 224 * karmoM se sarvathA mukti : mokSa karmoM ko kSaya karane ke lie mokSa kA svarUpa jAnanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| prANimAtra . kA aMtima lakSya mokSa hI hai aura usI ke lie unake saba prayatna calate haiM; paraMtu mokSa kaise prApta hotA hai isakA jJAna sabhI ko hotA hI hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, isalie mokSamArga kA vivecana Avazyaka hai| mokSa kA artha- karma ke baMdhana se mukti / AtmA kA vizuddha svarUpa hI mokSa hai| isa prakAra kI vizuddha dazA meM AtmA karma saMyoga se saMpUrNata: mukta hotA hai, isalie kahA gayA hai, ki jIva aura karma kA saMpUrNa viyoga hI mokSa hai / 225 yaha baMdha tattva ke pUrNatayA viparIta hai, jisa prakAra kArAgRha ke saMdarbha meM hI svataMtratA kA artha dhyAna meM AtA hai, usI prakAra baMdha ke saMdarbha meM bhI usake pratipakSI mokSa kA artha spaSTa hotA hai / mithyAdarzana Adi baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| unakA nirodha ( saMvara) karane para nae karmoM ke baMdha abhAva hokara nirjarA ke dvArA pUrvopArjita karmoM kA naSTa honA hai, taba saba prakAra ke karmoM hamezA ke lie pUrNamukti prApta hotI hai| yahI mokSa hai| baMdha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hone para evaM - nirjarA ke dvArA karmoM kA kSaya honA hI mokSa hai / 226 jaina dharma meM mokSa prApti ke mukhya do kAraNa mAne gaye haiM- saMvara aura nirjarA / saMvara se Asrava karma kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai, arthAt naye karmoM kA baMdha nahIM hotA tathA nirjarA

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326 pUrvabaddha karma naSTa ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra karmoM ke baMdhana se mukta honA yahI mokSa hai|227 AtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa ko hI mokSa, mukti, nirvANa yA paramazAMti kahate haiN| ata: AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa hI mokSa hai| baMdha kA abhAva aura ghAti karma ke kSaya se kevalajJAna utpanna hone para aura zeSa sabhI karmoM kA kSaya hone para mokSa prApta hotA hai|228 baMdha kA viyoga hI mokSa hai| 229 dUsare zabdoM meM karmoM kA abhAva hI mokSa hai| 230 zuddha Atma svarUpa meM sthira hone kI avasthA hI mokSa kI avasthA hai, paraMtu saMsAra kI sthiti isase bhinna hai| jIva jaba taka bAhya padArthoM kI Asakti kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai, taba taka AtmA apanA zuddha svarUpa prakaTa nahIM kara sakatI arthAt AtmA baMdhana se mukta nahIM ho sktii|231 jaina darzana AtmArUpI dIpaka ke bujhane ko mokSa nahIM mAnatA, varan AtmA meM jo rAgadveSa ke vikAra Ate haiM, unheM dUra karake zuddha AtmasvarUpa ko prakaTa karanA hI mokSa hai| aisA mAnatA hai, kyoMki jaina darzana ke anusAra muktAvasthA meM AtmA kI jJAnajyoti prajjvalita rahatI hai| jaina darzana meM vizeSa karake mokSa athavA mukti zabda kA prayoga dikhAI detA hai aura usakA artha karmabaMdhana se chUTanA yA mukta honA hai| anAdikAla se AtmA jisa karmabaMdhana se baddha hai use choDakara saMpUrNatayA svataMtra honA hI mokSa hai| rAga-dveSa se mukta honA hI saMsAra ke karmabaMdhana se mukta honA hai, isI kA artha mokSa aura siddhatva kI prApti hai| yaha AtmA kI parama vizuddha avasthA hai| __ mokSa kA sukha zAzvata hai| usake sukhoM kA kabhI aMta nahIM hotaa| devoM ke sukha agaNita haiM, paraMtu devoM kA traikAlika sukha bhI eka siddha AtmA ke sukha ke anaMtave bhAga kI bhI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| 232 mokSa kA svarUpa jIva mAtra kA parama aura carama lakSya hai mokSa prApta krnaa| jisane sAre karmoM kA nAza karake apanA sAdhya prApta kara liyA, usane pUrNa sukha prApta kara liyA hai| karma baMdhana se mukti prApta hone para janma-maraNarUpI du:kha ke cakra kI gati ruka jAtI aura saccidAnaMda svarUpa kI prApti hotI hai| mokSa meM AtmA kI vaibhAvika dazA samApta ho jAtI hai| mithyAdarzana samyagdarzana ho jAtA hai, ajJAna samyagjJAna ho jAtA hai, acAritra samyakacAritra ho jAtA hai, AtmA nirmala aura nizcala ho jAtI hai, zAMta evaM gaMbhIra sAgara ke samAna cetanA nirvikalpa ho jAtI hai| mokSa dazA meM AtmA kA abhAva nahIM hotA aura vaha acetana bhI nahIM rhtaa| AtmA eka svataMtra dravya hai| usake abhAva aura nAza kI kalpanA karanA mithyAtva hai| kitanA bhI parivartana huA ho to bhI Atmadravya kA nAza nahIM ho sktaa| karmoM se mukti rAga-dveSa se saMpUrNa kSaya

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327 hone para hotI hai| vastutaH baMdha ke kAraNoM kA aura pUrva saMcita karmoM kA pUrNarUpa se kSaya honA hI mokSa hai| isa tAtvika bhUmikA meM AtmA kA apane zuddha svarUpa meM cirakAla ke lie sthira honA hI mokSa yA mukti hai / 233 manuSya- tiryaMca, choTA-baDA, amIra-garIba, strI-puruSa Adi bheda karmoM ke kAraNa hote haiN| jaba karmoM kA saMpUrNa rUpa se kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba ye bheda nahIM rahate, phira bhI jaina darzana meM mukta jIva ke bheda kI jo kalpanA kI gaI hai, vaha loka vyavahAra kI dRSTi se kI gaI hai| siddhoM 15 bheda mukta hone kI pUrva sthiti ke sUcaka haiM / pUrvAvasthA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI ye bheda batAye gaye haiM / vastutaH mukta jIvoM meM choTA baDA Adi kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai / 234 mukta jIva AdhyAtmika samatA aura samAnatA ke sAmrAjya meM ramate haiN| mokSa yA mukti yaha koI sthAna vizeSa nahIM hai| AtmA ke zuddha, cinmaya svarUpa kI prApti hI mokSa hai| karma se mukta hone para arthAt AtmA ke sAre baMdhana naSTa ho jAne para mukta AtmA lokAgra bhAga para sthita hotI hai| isa lokAgra ko vyavahAra bhASA meM siddhazilA kahate haiM / eka dravya hai aura yaha dravya 'loka' ke Urdhva, madhya aura adhobhAga meM janma maraNa karatA rahatA hai| jIva kA svabhAva UrdhvagAmI hone se mukta avasthA meM lokAgra para svayaM pahu~ca jAtA hai| dIpaka kI jyoti kI pravRtti Upara kI ora yAnI UrdhvagAmI hai| karma ke kAraNa usameM jaDatA AtI hai, paraMtu karma mukta hote hI svAbhAvika rUpa 'AtmA kI Urdhvagati hotI hai / 235 jaba taka karma pUrNata: naSTa nahIM hote taba taka AtmA kA svabhAva zuddha nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra bAdala dUra hote hI sUrya punaH apane prakAza se camakane lagatA hai usI prakAra AtmA se dUra hote hI AtmA apane zuddha svabhAva se puna: camakane lagatI hai, paraMtu yahA~ itanA dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki sUrya para phira kabhI bAdala A sakate haiM, paraMtu AtmA eka bAra karma mukta hone para vaha phira kabhI karma yukta nahIM ho sakatI / mokSa prApti ke upAya Agama meM mokSa prApti ke cAra upAya batAye gae haiM- jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa / jJAna se tattva kA Akalana hotA hai, darzana se tattva para zraddhA hotI hai / cAritra se Ane vAle karmoM ko rokA jAtA hai, aura tapa ke dvArA baMdhe hue karmoM ko rokA jAtA hai, aura karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| ina cAra upAyoM se koI bhI jIva mokSa prApti kara sakatA hai / 236 isa sAdhanA ke lie jAti, veSa Adi koI bhI bAdhaka nahIM hai| vastutaH jisane karmarUpI baMdhana ko toDakara AtmaguNa ko prakaTa kiyA hai| vahI mokSa kA saccA adhikArI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI mokSa prApti cAra upAya batAye haiM / 237 kula,

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328 mokSa ke lakSaNa jaba AtmA karmamala (aSTakarma) evaM tajjanya vikAroM (rAga, dveSa, moha) aura zarIra ko naSTa kara detA hai| taba usake svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNa prakaTa ho jAte haiM aura yaha avyAbAdha, sukharUpa sarvathA vilakSaNa svarUpa ko prApta karatI hai, ise hI mokSa kahate haiN| jisa prakAra baMdhana meM paDe prANI kI beDiyA~ kholane para vaha svataMtra hokara, yatheccha gamana kara sukhI hotA hai| usI prakAra karma baMdhana kA viyoga hone para AtmA svAdhIna hokara anaMta jJAna darzana rUpa anupama sukha kA anubhava karatI hai|238 AtmasvabhAva kI ghAtaka mUla aura uttara karma prakRtiyoM ke saMcaya se chuTakArA prApta kara lenA, yahI mokSa hai aura yaha anirvacanIya hai| AtmA aura karma ko alaga alaga karane ko mokSa kahate haiN| 239 baMdha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA se saba karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya honA yahI mokSa hai| 240 mokSa kA vivecana jaina darzana IzvaravAdI nahIM, AtmavAdI darzana hai| AtmA hI paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| yaha bAta jaina dharma meM vizeSa rUpa se kahI gaI hai| jaina dharma kA zAzvata siddhAMta hai ki sukha hI AtmA kA svabhAva hai| zubha karma se sukha aura azubha karma se du:kha prApta hotA hai| siddhAtmA ke sAre guNoM ko ekatrita karake usakA anaMtavA~ hissA banAyA jAya to bhI isa loka aura aloka meM phaile hue anaMta AkAza meM nahIM samA skeNge| yogazAstra meM bhI kahA hai ki svargaloka, mRtyaloka evaM pAtAla loka meM sureMdra, nareMdra aura asureMdra ko jo sukha milatA hai, vaha saba sukha milakara bhI mokSa sukha ke anaMtaveM bhAga kI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| mokSa kA sukha svAbhAvika hai| indriya kI apekSA na rakhane se vaha atIndriya hai, nitya hai, isalie mokSa ko dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArtha meM parama puruSArtha yA caturvarga-ziromaNI kahA gayA hai|241 jaina darzana kA pramukha uddezya yaha hai ki, AtmA duHkhoM se mukta hokara anaMta sukha kI ora jaae| jIva aura pudgala ina donoM kA saMbaMdha anaMtakAla se cala rahA hai| pudgala ke bAhya saMyoga se hI jIva vividha prakAra ke duHkhoM kA anubhava karatA hai| jaba taka jIva aura pudgala ina donoM kA saMbaMdha naSTa nahIM hotA, taba taka AdhyAtmika sukha saMbhava nahIM hogaa| mokSa ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra hI zreSTha mArga batAyA hai / 242 ahiMsA aura anekAMta ye jaina darzana ke mukhya siddhAMta haiN| vicAroM meM anekAMta aura vyavahAra meM ahiMsA Ane para jIvana sukhI aura zAMta hotA hai| AtmavAda, karmavAda aura anekAMtavAda, saptabhaMgI Adi jaina darzana ke AdhArabhUta siddhAMta haiN|

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329 vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa alaga-alaga darzanoM meM mokSa ke lie nirvANa, mokSa, mukti, nivRtti, kaivalya Adi zabdoM kA upayoga huA hai| isakA mukhya artha zAMti yA duHkha nivRtti hai| cArvAka ke alAvA prAya: bhAratIya darzanoM meM avidyA yA ajJAna ke saMpUrNa nAza ko mokSa kahA hai| sAMkhya puruSa viveka ko mokSa kahate haiN| advaita vedAMta AnaMda prApti ko mokSa kahate haiN| sAMkhya darzana sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra mokSa kA sAdhana jJAna hai| aura avidyA yA ajJAna kA vinAza hI mokSa hai| dharmAcaraNa se brahma, saumya Adi ucca deva yoniyoM meM janma milatA hai| adharma ke AcAraNa se pazu Adi nIca yoniyoM meM janma milatA hai| prakRti aura puruSa meM viveka jJAna ke kAraNa mokSa prApta hotA hai| usI taraha prakRti aura puruSa viSayaka viparyaya jJAna se baMdha hotA hai| jabataka puruSa ko buddhi ahaMkAra, pA~ca tanmAtrAe~, sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa aura zabda, ahaMkArajanya pA~ca jJAna indriyA~, pA~ca karma indriyA~ tathA bhautika zarIra Adi anAtmA padArthoM meM maiM sunatA hU~, maiM dekhatA hU~, aisA bhrama hotA hai, aura vaha zarIra ko AtmA mAnatA hai, taba taka use isa viparyaya jJAna se baMdha hotA hai| lekina jaba use puruSa ke alAvA ina saba vastuoM kI prakRtikRta aura triguNAtmaka mAnakara unase virakta hotA hai aura use maiM nahIM, yaha merA nahIM, aisA viveka jAgRta hotA hai taba aise samyagjJAna se use mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| . AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika aura Adhidaivika ina trividha duHkhoM kI prApti kA kAraNa avidyA hai| avidyA kA vinAza viveka se hotA hai| uparokta trividha duHkhoM kI Atyantika hAni hI mokSa hai| sAMkhyakArikA meM duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti ko hI kaivalya kahA hai| kaivalya kI prApti tattvajJAna hone para hI saMbhava hotI hai| kaivalyaprApti ke bAda sAre saMzaya dUra ho jAte haiM aura hRdaya kI sArI graMthiyA~ naSTa ho jAtI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAMkhya darzana meM viparyaya ko baMdha aura vivekajJAna ko mokSa mAnA gayA hai|243 amara-bhAratI244 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| mImAMsA darzana - isa darzana ke anusAra AtmA se bhinna vijAtIya vastuoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha honA yaha baMdha hai| mImAMsAdarzana tIna baMdhana mAnatA hai| 1) bhoktA zarIra, 2) bhoga ke sAdhana aura 3) bhogvissy| AtmA anAdi kAla se ina tIna baMdhanoM meM paDI hai aura aneka prakAra ke kaSTa sahana kara rahI hai| ina baMdhake kAraNa AtmA sukha aura duHkha bhogatI hai| ise hI bhAvabaMdha kahA

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330 gayA hai| bhava baMdha ke kAraNa hI manuSya janmamaraNa ke cakra meM ghUmatA hai| isalie mAnava aise sAMsArika baMdhanoM se mukti kI icchA karatA hai| inase mukti prApta honA yahI mokSa hai| zAstradIpikA meM kahA hai trividhasyApi baMdhanasyAtyantiko vilayo mokSaH / 245 nyAya-vaizeSika darzana isa darzana ne duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti ko mokSa mAnA hai tathApi unhoMne zarIra viccheda ko mokSa nahIM mAnA hai| unake mata meM bhI tattvajJAna hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| isa darzana meM aSTAMgayoga (yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi) ke anuSThAna se tattvAjJAna kI prApti mAnI jAtI hai| aSTAMgayoga dvArA tattvajJAna prApta hone para AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai aura Atma sAkSAtkAra hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| Atma sAkSAtkAro mokSa hetuH / 246 jisa puruSa ko tattvajJAna prApta hotA hai usameM icchA dveSa Adi bhAva nahIM rhte| ve na rahane se dharma-adharma nahIM hotA, pariNAmata: zarIra aura mana kA saMyoga nahIM hotA, janma maraNa nahIM hotA aura saMcita karmoM kA nirodha hone para mokSa prApta hotA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka bujhane para aMdherA ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra dharma-adharma ke baMdhana naSTa hone para janma maraNa kA saMsAracakra naSTa ho jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki viparyaya yaha baMdha kA kAraNa hai| aura tattvajJAna mokSa kA kAraNa hai tattvajJAna se bhrama kA nirAza hone para janma-maraNa aura duHkhoM kA naSTa ho jAnA ise hI 'mokSa kahate haiN| Atyantika duHkha-nivRtti ko hI naiyAyika mokSa kahate haiN| . vaizeSika sUtra meM kaNAdaRSI ne kahA hai ki dharma aisA padArtha hai ki usase sAMsArika utthAna aura pAramArthika niHzreyasa ye donoM prApta hote haiN|247 bauddhadarzana bauddha darzana meM nirvANa ke saMbaMdha meM duHkha nirodha kI vyAkhyA batAyI hai| bauddha avidyA ko baMdha aura vidyA ko mokSa mAnate haiN| bauddha mata ke anusAra nirvANa yA mokSa jIvanakAla meM hI prApta ho sakatA hai| ise jIvana-mukta kahate haiM, jIvana-mukta avasthA meM vyakti rAga-dveSa Adi para vijaya prApta kara apane karmabaMdha kA vinAza karane meM samartha banatA hai| jisa prakAra bIja jala jAne para aMkura kA nirmANa nahIM hotA, usI prakAra karmAzakti ke abhAva meM punarjanma kI prApti nahIM hotii| bauddha darzana meM kahA hai ki dIpaka bujhane para usakI jyoti jamIna kI ora nahIM jAtI aura AkAza kI ora bhI nahIM jAtI, dizA aura vidizA meM bhI nahIM phailatI, tela samApta

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331 hone para jyoti zAMta hotI hai, usI prakAra jIva jaba nirvANa prApta karatA hai, taba vaha bhI pRthvI, AkAza yA kisI bhI dizA kI ora nahIM jAtA, kintu kleza kSaya hone se zAMta ho jAtA hai| ___ bauddha mata ke anusAra arhata anAsakta banakara karma karate rahate haiM, isalie ve karma baMdhana meM nahIM phste| bhagavadgItA meM bhI kahA hai mA te sNgo'sktstykrmnni| ___ isa vAkya meM bhI yahI kahA hai| bauddha matAnusAra muktapuruSa do prakAra ke haiM- 1) jIvanamukta jIvana ko dhAraNa karate haiM, 2) jinakA sAMsArika jIvana samApta ho gayA hai aura jinhoMne SaDAyatana zarIra kA parityAga kara diyA hai|248 darzana-digdarzana meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| 249 zAMkara vedAMta darzana isa darzana ke anusAra jIva aura brahma kA tAdAtmya hI mukti hai| brahmaniSTha puruSa ko jIvanamukta kahate haiN| jIvana-mukta puruSa kA zarIra naSTa hone para use videhamukta kahate haiN| videhamukta ko paramamukta bhI kahate haiN| videhamukti yA paramamukti hone para vyakti kI janmamaraNarUpa sAMsArika baMdhana se Atyadhika nivRtti ho jAtI hai|250 jaba yogI dIpaka ke samAna (prakAzasvarUpa) AtmabhAva ke yoga se brahmatattva ko acchI taraha se pratyakSa dekhatA hai, taba vaha usa ajanmA, nizcala saba tattvoM se vizuddha, paramadeva paramAtmA ko jAnakara saba baMdhanoM se cirakAla ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai|251 jaina darzana meM mokSa jainAcArya umAsvAti ne apane tattvArthasUtra ke dasaveM adhyAya meM mokSa kA varNana kiyA hai| AtmA anAdikAla se karma ke kAraNa parataMtra hai| Ate hue karmoM ko rokanA tathA pUrvakRta karmoM kI nirjarA karane se saMpUrNa karmoM se jo Atyantika mukti hotI hai use hI mokSa yA nirvANa kahA hai| ___ sAdhanA kI caudaha bhUmikAoM meM se terahavIM aura caudahavIM bhUmikA para pahu~cane para jIva ko mokSa-nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| sAdhanA kI ina bhUmikAoM ko hI 'guNasthAna' kahate haiM bArahaveM guNasthAna ke prAraMbha meM sAdhaka ke moha kA kSaya ho jAtA hai, aura usake aMta meM jJAnAdi nirodhaka anya karma bhI kSaya ho jAte haiN| teraheM guNasthAna meM AtmA meM vizuddha jJAna jyoti prakaTa hotI hai| AtmA kI isa avasthA kA nAma sayogI kevalI hai| vizuddha jJAnI hokara bhI zArIrika pravRttiyoM se yukta vyakti ko sayogI kevalI kahA jAtA hai| sayoga kevalI sadehamukta hai| * sayogI kevalI jaba svadeha se mukti prApta karane ke lie vizuddha dhyAna kA Azraya lekara mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika vyApAroM ko rokatA hai, taba vaha AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI

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332 aMtima caudahaveM guNasthAna taka pahu~catA hai| isa guNasthAna ko ayogI kevalI kahA jAtA hai| isameM AtmA utkRSTatama zukladhyAna dvArA sumeru parvata ke samAna niSkaMpa sthiti prApta kara, aMta meM deha tyAgapUrvaka siddhAvasthA ko pahuMcatA hai| isI siddhAvasthA kA nAma paramAtmapada svarUpa siddhi, mukti, mokSa yA nirvANa hai| yaha AtmA kI sarvAMgINa pUrNatA, pUrNa kRtakRtyatA aura parama puruSArtha kI sUcaka hai| isa sthiti meM AtmA kI Atyantika duHkhanivRtti hotI hai| use anaMta avyAbAdha, alaukika sukha prApta hotA hai| mokSa yA nirvANa kI avasthA meM sAre baMdhana naSTa ho jAte haiN| daihika, vAcika aura mAnasika sAre doSa nizeSa ho jAte haiN| samagra vAsanAoM aura klezoM kI niravazeSa zAMti hI nirvANa kA parama lakSya hai| 252 mokSa yA nirvANa zramaNa saMskRti kA adbhuta aura anupama AviSkAra hai| bhAratIya maharSiyoM ne sAdhanA ke isa carama biMdu ko nirvANa yA mukti ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra lokAgra para eka aisA dhruvasthAna hai jahA~ jarA, mRtyu, AdhivyAdhi aura vedanA Adi kucha nahIM hai| usake nirvANa, avyAbAdha, siddhapada, lokAgra, kSema, ziva aura anAbAdha jaise aneka nAma haiN| aisA sthAna prApta karane ke lie sAdhaka sAdhanA karate haiN| 253 janma-maraNa kA aMta karane vAle muni jisa mokSa sthAna ko prApta kara zoka ciMtA se mukta hote haiM, aisA mokSa sthAna lokAgra para sthita hai| sAdhanA ke binA vahA~ pahu~canA atyaMta kaThina hai|254 . sabhI du:khoM se mukta hone ke lie sAdhaka saMyama aura tapa dvAra pUrva karmoM kA kSaya karake mokSa prApta karate haiN| 255 amarabhAratI256 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| dravyamokSa aura bhAvamokSa 5. mokSa ke do bheda batAe~ gaye haiM- 1) dravyamokSa aura 2) bhaavmokss| jIva jaba ghAtI karmoM se mukta hotA hai, taba use bhAvamokSa kI prApti hotI hai| jaba aghAtI karmoM ko naSTa karatA hai, taba use dravyamokSa kI prApti hotI hai| sAmAnyata: mokSa eka hI prakAra kA hai paraMtu dravya, bhAva Adi kI dRSTi se aneka prakAra kA hai| bhAvamokSa, kevalajJAna, jIvanmukti arhat pada ye sAre payAryavAcI zabda haiN| zuddha ratnatraya kI sAdhanA se ghAtI karmoM kI nivRtti hotI hai, use bhAvamokSa kahate haiN| vastuta: kaSAya bhAvoM kI nivRtti hI bhAvamokSa hai| jo jIva saMvara se yukta hai aura samasta karmoM kI nirjarA karate samaya vedanIya, nAma, gotra aura AyuSya karma kI bhI nirjarA karatA hai aura vartamAna paryAya kA parityAga karatA hai, use dravyamokSa prApta hotA hai|

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333 karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya dravyamokSa hai / aura una karmoM ke kSaya hone ke kAraNa rUpa jo AtmA ke pariNAma yAni saMvara bhAva (karmoM ko rokanA) karmoM kI abaMdhakatA zaileSIbhAva arthAt AtmA kI nizcala avasthA evaM zukladhyAna hI bhAvamokSa hai| siddhatva pariNati bhAvamokSa hai / 257 paMcAstikAya 258 tattvArtharAjavArtika 259 aura navatattvaprakaraNasArtha260 meM bhI yahI bAta AyI hai| karmakSaya kA krama ATha karmoM ko kSaya kiye binA koI bhI AtmA siddha nahIM ho sakatI, isalie anukrama se kaunase karmoM ko kaise kSaya karanA hai isakA vivecana jaina AgamoM meM isa prakAra hai / jIva rAgadveSa aura mithyAdarzana para vijaya prApta karake samyagjJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA karatA hai aura ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko kSaya karane kI prakriyA prAraMbha karatA hai / 261 sabase pahale kramazaH mohanIya karmoM kI aTThAIsa prakRtiyoM kA kSaya hotA hai| bAda meM pA~ca prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNIya karma nau prakAra ke darzanAvaraNIya karma aura pA~ca prakAra ke aMtarAya karma ina tInoM karmoM kI prakRtiyoM kA eka hI samaya meM kSaya hotA hai / usI samaya paripUrNa AvaraNarahita vizuddha aura lokAloka prakAzaka aisA kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana prApta hotA hai / 262 kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI prApti hotI hai aura sirpha vedanIyakarma, AyuSyakarma, nAmakarma aura gotrakarma ye cAra aghAtI karma zeSa rahate haiM / 263 isake bAda Ayu kA jaba antarmuhUrta (do ghaTikA arthAt 48 miniTa se kama ) jitanA samaya zeSa rahatA hai, taba mana vacana kAyA ke sthUla vyApAra kA nirodha karake kevalajJAnI zukladhyAna meM sthita hote haiM, bAda meM ve mana, vacana evaM kAyA ke sUkSma vyApAra aura zvAsocchravAsa kA nirodha karate haiM / usake bAda pA~ca hrasva akSaroM kA a, A, i, I, u kA uccAraNa karane meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, utane samaya taka zaileSI avasthA meM sthita ho jAte haiN| zeSa AyuSya karma, nAmakarma, gotrakarma evaM vedanIyakarma eka hI samaya meM naSTa ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra siddha buddha mukta ho jAte hai / aura saba duHkhoM kA aMta karate haiM / 264 mokSa : samIkSA vividha dArzanika graMthoM aura zAstroM meM nirvANa ko hI mukti,, siddhi, paramAtmalInatA, anaMta kI prApti, ahaMzUnyatA Adi vividha nAmoM se nirdezita kiyA gayA hai / 'nirvANa' kA zabdaza: artha jisameM se vAyu (vAta) nikala gaI hai| jisa prakAra oNksIjana nAmaka vAyu ke abhAva meM dIpa kA bujha jAnA yAne dIpa kA nirvANa hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke vikAroM kA samApta ho jAnA hI AtmA kA nirvANa hai| agara dIpa para kisI ne phU~ka mArI to dIpa kI

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334 jyoti bujha 'jAtI hai| vaha kahA~ jAtI hai? vastutaH vaha jyoti virATa meM se AI thI aura virATa meM hI vilIna ho gaI / jaina darzana kA kahanA hai ki dIpa kA bujha jAnA, usakI jyoti kA naSTa honA nahIM hai, paraMtu usakA rUpAMtara yA pariNAmAMtara honA hai| kyoMki jo hai vaha naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra jIva kA nirvANa honA usakA astitvahIna honA nahIM hai, paraMtu avyAbAdha svabhAva pariNatI ko prApta karanA hai| vaidika paribhASA meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki AtmA kA ahaM, mamatva, deha Adi saba choDakara virATa meM yAne paramAtmA meM mila jAnA hI usakA nirvANa hai| jaba AtmA virATa meM mila jAtI hai, taba jIvana meM koI bhI vikAra zeSa nahIM rahate / aise vilIna hone ko nAza nahIM kahA jA sakatA, yaha to AtmA kA apane virATa zuddha svarUpa meM lIna honA hai / 265 AcArAMgasUtra meM nirvANa kA artha 'svasvarUpa meM sthita honA' aisA hai / 266 isake lie AtmA kA vikAra AvaraNa aura upAdhi inase rahita honA atyaMta - Avazyaka hai| jaina darzana meM nirvANa kA artha yahI kiyA gayA hai sabhI vikAroM se rahita honA / saba saMtApoM se rahita hokara sukha prApta karanA, saba dvaMdvoM se rahita honA, yahI nirvANa hai kyoMki jaba taka AtmA meM kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada, ahaMkAra, mAyA Adi vikAra haiM, taba taka nirvANa prApta nahIM hotaa| nirvANa ke lie jaina darzana kI pahalI zarta hai saba karmoM kA kSaya honA / 267 rAga- - dveSAdi ke kSaya se karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| sabhI karmoM kA kSaya hone para AtmA apane vAstavika svarUpa meM sthita hotI hai aura parama zAMti prApta karatI hai / punaH punarjanma nahIM hotA / nAma, rUpa, AkAra, sAtha hI zarIra janita sukha-duHkha, rAgadveSa, moha Adi bhI nahIM hote / 268 jaba zarIra hamezA ke lie naSTa hotA hai, taba zarIra ke kAraNa hone vAle, 269 maiM, merA, rAga-dveSa Adi vikAra apane Apa kSaya ho jAte haiN| jahA~ janma-maraNa nahIM hotA, vahA~ AvAgamana bhI nahIM hotA, 270 isalie vItarAga puruSa rAga-dveSa ko samApta karake paramAtma pada prApta karate haiM aura nirvANa ko prApta karate haiN| siddhagatinAmaka sthAna meM apane AtmasvarUpa meM hamezA ke lie sthita hote haiM / vahA~ se vApisa AnA nahIM hotA / 1 vahA~ kI sthiti ziva271 ( nirupadrava) acala, anaMta, akSaya, avyAbAdha aura apunarAvRtti kI hai / nirupadrava' isalie kahA hai ki zarIra ke kAraNa hI saba upadrava hote haiM / zarIra hI vahA~ nahIM hai to upadrava bhI nahIM, acala avasthA yaha mauna azAMti kI sUcaka hai| jahA~ zarIra indriyA~, mana Adi hote haiM, vahA~ halacala hotI hai, saMgharSa hotA hai| jahA~ ye sAre mUrta padArtha nahIM haiM, vahA~ zUnya mauna bhAva aura akhaMDa zAMti hogI / vahA~ kisI bhI prakAra

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335 vikalpa nahIM uTheMge aura AtmA sva-svarUpa meM pUrNata: sthira hogii| isa avasthA ko jaina darzana meM zaileSI avasthA kahA hai| 272 vahA~ kevalajJAna hI zeSa rahatA hai| nirvANa hone para AtmA ko svAbhAvikarUpa se Urdhvagamana sthAna prApta hotA hai| 273 jaina zAstra meM siddhazilA tathA gItA se 'paramadhAma' mokSa muktisthAna Adi nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| nirvANa yaha AtmA kI pUrNa vikasita sthiti hai, isameM koI zaMkA nahIM hai| isalie jIvana kA aMtima dhyeya aura caramaprApti nirvANa hI hai| karmaaMta jisaprakAra bIja jala jAne ke bAda paudhA utpanna nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra karmarUpI bIja jala jAne para saMsArarUpI paudhA utpanna nahIM hotaa|274 jisane prApta hue iMdhana ko jalA DAlA hai aura jisako naye iMdhana kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, aisI agni aMtata: nirvANa ko pahu~catI hai, arthAt bujha jAtI hai, usI prakAra mukta AtmA saba karmoM kA kSaya karake nirvANa ko prApta karatI hai, mokSa hAsila karatI hai| 275 . karmoM se muktajIva eka kSaNa meM uccaloka ke agrabhAga para pahu~ca jAtA hai, jaise tuMbikA ke Upara ATha bAra miTTI kA lepa kiyA ho aura use pAnI meM DAla diyA jAye to vaha nIce calI jAtI hai, kiMtu jyoM-jyoM miTTI kA lepa haTatA jAye, vaha pAnI ke stara se U~cI A jAtI hai, usI prakAra siddhoM kI gati ko smjheN|276 karmakSaya kA phala : mokSa yAtrI jaba yAtrA ke lie nikalatA hai, taba apane sAtha mukhyata: tIna vastue~ letA haibhojana, kapaDe aura bichaanaa| ina tIna vastuoM meM se eka bhI vastu kI kamI hogI, to usakI yAtrA sukharUpa nahIM hogI, usI prakAra mokSa kI yAtrA ke lie sAdhaka ko tIna bAtoM kI AvazyakatA hai, ve haiM- samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra inameM se eka bhI bAta nahIM hogI, to sAdhanApatha zAMtipUrNa nahIM ho skegaa| sAdhanA patha para ArUDha mumukSa ko ina tInoM alaukika ratnoM kI AvazyakatA hai| ___ hRdaya, buddhi aura zarIra ke samAna sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI ratnatraya kI AvazyakatA hai| apane jIvana meM jisa prakAra hRdaya, buddhi aura zarIra ina tInoM kI apane sthAna para AvazyakatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhanAmaya jIvana hRdaya ke dvAra sAdhya samyagdarzana, buddhi ke dvArA sAdhya samyagjJAna aura zarIra ke saba aMgoMpAMga dvArA sAdhya samyakcAritra kI nitAMta AvazyakatA hai| eka kA bhI abhAva hogA to nahIM clegaa| agara zarIra asvastha hogA to buddhi aura hRdaya meM gaDabaDI hogI aura ve acchI taraha se kAma nahIM kara skeNge| agara buddhi meM vikAra

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336 Aye to vyavahAra meM pAgalapana aura yadi zarIra tathA hRdaya niSThApUrvaka kAma nahIM kareMge to bhAvanAe~ vikRta hogI, puna: yadi vyakti svArthI aura krUra banA, to buddhi aura zarIra bhI apanA kArya vyavasthita rUpa se nahIM kara skeNge| isI prakAra darzanajJAna aura cAritra ina tInoM kA sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM vyavasthita rUpa se honA atyaMta jarUrI hai| yadi eka kA abhAva hogA to sAdhanApUrNa nahIM hogii| sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM agara kevala cAritra hI hogA aura jJAna darzana nahIM hogA to mukti prApta nahIM ho skegii| aMdhA aura laMgaDA donoM manuSya eka dUsare ke sahakAra se yogya jagaha pahu~ca skeNge| isI prakAra jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ina tInoM ke saMyoga se hI mokSa mila sakatA hai| akelA jJAna laMgaDA hai, vaha calane meM asamartha hai| akelA cAritra aMdhA hai, use rAstA nahIM dikhAI detaa| akelA darzana bhI vyartha hai| mokSa prApti meM tInoM kA saMyoga nitAMta Avazyaka hai|277 samyagdarzana ke binA jJAna bhI samyagjJAna nahIM ho sktaa| vaha ajJAna hI rahatA hai| jJAna ke binA cAritra jIvana meM samyakpa se nahIM A sktaa| cAritrarahita ko karmabaMdhana se mukti nahIM milatI aura mukta hue binA nirvANa prApta nahIM ho sktaa| jJAna ke dvArA heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA bodha hotA hai| darzana se zraddhA hotI hai aura cAritra se tattva jIvana meM Ate haiN| . saMsAra ke trividha tApoM se mukta hone ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra ye tInoM atyaMta Avazyaka haiN| ina tInoM ke saMyoga se hI mokSamArga prApta hotA hai| mokSa prApti kA prathama sopAna samyaktva samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ina tInoM ko jAnane se pahale 'samyaktva' kA artha jAnanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra kamaloM se jhIla, caMdramA se rAta, koyala se vasaMta Rtu zobhAyamAna hotI hai, usI prakAra dharma kA AcaraNa samyaktva se suzobhita hotA hai| samyaktva ko samyagdarzana bhI kahate haiN| usakA artha hai saccI zraddhA, yAni vivekapUrvaka zraddhA, kartavya-akartavya athavA heya, upAdeya para vivekapUrvaka sAdhanA ke mArga meM dRDha vizvAsa rkhnaa| zraddhA pragaTa hone para jJAna samyagjJAna bana jAtA hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ina donoM kI sahAyatA se samyakcAritra kA vikAsa hotA hai, jisase mokSa prApta hotA hai| deva ke prati devabuddhi, guru ke prati gurubuddhi aura dharma ke prati dharmabuddhi zuddha prakAra se hone para vaha samyaktva hotA hai| 278 saMsAra meM samyaktvarUpI ratna se adhika mUlyavAna dUsarA ratna nahIM hai| samyaktvarUpI baMdhU se dUsarA baMdhU nhiiN| samyaktva kA lAbha hI sabase baDA lAbha

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337 hai| jo bhavyaprANI aMtarmuhUrta (48 miniTa) ke lie bhI nirmala samyaktva ko prApta karatA hai| vaha cirakAla taka saMsAra meM nahIM bhaTakatA aura aMtata: use mokSa prApta hotA hai| 279 jaina dharma meM samyaktva para bahuta bala diyA gayA hai| samyaktva yaha AtmA kA guNa hai| samyaktva yaha bIja hai| jisa prakAra bIja ke binA aMkura nahIM phUTa sakatA aura bAda meM vRkSa bhI khaDA nahIM rahatA, usI prakAra samyaktva ke alAvA jitanI kriyAe~ haiM yA jitanA dharma kArya hai, vaha saba vyartha hai| samyaktva kA sarala artha hai- vivekdRsstti| pratyeka kArya meM viveka caahie| samyaktva kA dUsarA artha hai- shrddhaa| deva, guru aura dharma ina para pUrNa vizvAsa hI 'samyaktva' hai| ___ samyaktva ke viparIta mithyAtva hai| deva, guru aura dharma inameM icchita guNa na hone para bhI unheM deva, guru aura dharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA yaha mithyAtva hai| jisa manuSya meM samyaktva hotA hai| usakA hRdaya dayAlu hotA aura paropakAra se yukta hotA hai| saMyata, niyamita aura niyaMtrita jIvana yahI zreSTha jIvana hai| jo manuSya icchAnusAra aniyaMtrita jIvana jItA hai, indriyoM kI amaryAdita vRttiyoM kA svacchanda upayoga karatA hai usakA bhaviSya ujjvala nahIM hai| vaha duHkhoM ke bhayaMkara pariNAmoM se baca nahIM sktaa| rAgadveSa, moha yahI saMsAra paribhramaNa kA mUla hai isalie unase dUra rahakara hI apane zAzvata lakSya 'mukti' taka pahu~cA jAtA hai| samyaktva mukti kA ekameva sAdhana hai| paramArtha ko jAnanA, paramArtha ke tattvadRSTA kI sevA karanA samyaktva se bhraSTa aura kudarzanI (mithyAtvI) inase dUra rahanA, yahI samyaktva meM zraddhA rakhanA hai| cAritra samyaktva ke binA nahIM ho sakatA, paraMtu samyaktva cAritra ke binA ho sakatA hai|280 samyagdarzana mokSamArga meM samyagdarzana kA prathama tathA ati mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kyoMki samyagdarzana ke binA AgamajJAna, cAritra, vrata, tapa Adi saba vyartha haiN| ratnatraya meM bhI samyagdarzana atIva mahattvapUrNa hai| samyagdarzana hI samyagjJAna aura cAritra kA mUla hai| jahA~ samyagdarzana nahIM hai, vahA~ jJAna aura cAritra donoM mithyA haiN| pratyeka AtmA meM jJAna to hotA hai, paraMtu jaba taka samyagdarzana nahIM hotA, taba taka jJAna saccA jJAna nahIM hotA, isalie samyagdarzana ko sarvaprathama sthAna diyA hai| koI vyakti yadi arhat Adi dvArA upadezita pravacanoM para yA Apta puruSoM dvArA praNIta AgamoM para zraddhA rakhakara guru AjJA kA samyakdRSTi se pAlana kare taba use samyagdarzana kI prApti hotI hai| 281 jisa prakAra nagara kA dvAra pramukha hotA hai, cehare para A~kha pramukha hotI hai, vRkSa meM mUla pradhAna hotA hai, usI prakAra jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ina cAra ArAdhanAoM meM samyaktva kA pramukha sthAna hai|

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338 . jinakA darzana zuddha hai, vahI zuddha hai aura use hI nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| darzana vihIna AtmA mokSa maMjila taka nahIM pahu~ca sktii| samyagdarzana pAparUpI vRkSa ko samApta karane ke lie eka kulhADI hai| samyagdarzana yaha mahAna ratna hai, sabhI jIvoM kA AbhUSaNa hai sAtha hI mokSaprApti meM sahAyaka mUla hai|282 jise samyagdarzana prApta huA hai, vaha kisI bhI prakAra kA pApa nahIM krtaa|283 mAnavatA kA sAra jJAna hai| jJAna kA sAra samyagdarzana hai|284 AtmA ko ajJAnarUpI aMdhakAra se dUra kara AtmabhAva ke Aloka meM Alokita vivekayukta dRSTi hI samyagdarzana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se tIrthaMkara (jinezvara bhagavAna) kI vANI meM, jisakA dRDha vizvAsa hai, vahI samyagdarzI hai| samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, ve zarIra para hone vAle phoDe ke samAna duHkhakAraka aura Atmahita ke lie vyartha haiN| mithyAdRSTi kA tapa kevala deha daNDa hai| mithyAdRSTi kA svAdhyAya bhI niSphala hai kyoMki unakA jJAna kadAgraha bana jAtA hai| usakA dAna aura zIla bhI niMdanIya hotA hai|285 aisA kahA jAtA hai ki- zrIkRSNa ke pAsa sudarzana cakra thA, isalie ve sAre zatruoM ko parAjita karake tInoM khaMDoM ke adhipati bne| isI prakAra yadi AtmarUpI kRSNa ke pAsa samyagdarzanarUpI sudarzana cakra hogA to vaha bhI kaSAyarUpI zatruoM ko parAjita karake tInoM loka kA svAmI bana skegaa| nyAyadarzana ne tattvajJAna ko 'samyagdarzana' kahA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ne bhedajJAna ko samyagdarzana kahA hai| yogadarzana ne viveka khyAti ko, bauddha darzana ne kSaNabhaMguratA kI aura cAra AryasatyajJAna ko, gItA ne yoga ko samyagdarzana kahA hai| isa para se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina saMskRti ke isa maulika tattva ko sabhI vicArakoM ne mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| sacamuca samyagdarzana Atma utkrAMti kA dvAra hai|286 jainadarzana manana aura mImAMsA287 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| samyakjJAna samyagjJAna yaha mokSamArga kI dUsarI sIDhI hai| Atmatattva ke svarUpa kA jJAna athavA Atma kalyANa ke mArga ko jAna lenA 'samyagjJAna' hai| AtmajJAna ke binA sArI vidvatA vyartha hai| saMsAra ke sAre kleza ajJAna ke kAraNa haiN| usa ajJAna ko dUra karane ke lie AtmajJAna Avazyaka hai aura AtmajJAna prApta karanA hI vAstavika mokSa hai| 288 . jJAna yaha AtmA kA nijaguNa hai| jJAna se AtmA bhinna nahIM hai, AtmA aura jJAna abhinna hai|289 AtmA meM svabhAvata: anaMta jJAnazakti vidyamAna hai, paraMtu jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kAraNa vaha pUrNa prakAzita nahIM ho paatii| jaise jaise AvaraNa naSTa hotA hai, vaise vaise jJAna

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339 prakAza bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| AtmA kI kabhI bhI aisI avasthA nahIM hotI usameM kizcita bhI jJAna na ho|290 . jisa prakAra dhAgevAlI suI kahIM bhI girane para guma nahIM hotI, usI prakAra zAstrajJAna yukta jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM krtaa|291 jisase tattva kA jJAna hotA hai, citta kA nirodha hotA hai, sAtha hI AtmA vizuddha banatA hai, use hI jinazAsana meM 'jJAna' kahA hai| 292 jisase jIva rAga-dveSa se vimukha hotA hai, zreya meM anurakta hotA hai, jisase maitrIbhAva se bhAvita hotA hai, use hI jinazAsana meM 'jJAna' kahate haiN|293 AtmA kyA hai? karma kyA hai? baMdhana kyA hai? karma AtmA ke sAtha baddha kyoM hote hai? Adi viSayoM kA yathArtha parijJAna hI samyagjJAna hai aura athayArthajJAna mithyAjJAna hai| jJAna yaha tIsarI A~kha ke samAna hai| usake abhAva meM bhakta bhagavAna nahIM bana sakatA, jIva ziva nahIM bana sakatA, AtmA bhavabaMdhana se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA paramAtmA nahIM bana sakatI, nara nArAyaNa nahIM bana sktaa| suprasiddha lekhaka zeksapiyara ne kahA hai ki jJAna ke paMkhoM dvArA hama svarga taka uDa skeNgeN| kphayaziyasa ne jJAna ko AnaMda pradAtA kahA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki samyagjJAna hI sacce sukha kA kAraNa hai| jaba taka samyagjJAna prApta nahIM hotA taba taka vikAroM kA vinAza nahIM hotA aura vicAroM kA vikAsa bhI nahIM ho sktaa|294 ___ saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ina tIna doSoM se rahita tathA naya aura pramANa se hone vAle jIvAdi padArtha kA yathArtha jJAna hI 'samyagjJAna' hai| saMkSepa meM yA vistAra se tattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA, ise hI vidvAna loga samyagjJAna kahate haiN|295 vaidika dArzanikoM ne bhI samyagjJAna ko mahattva diyA hai aura use brahmavidyA kahA hai| AdhyAtmavidyA meM hI saba vidyAoM kI pratiSThA hai, vaha saba meM pramukha hai|296 sabhI vidyAoM ko dIpaka ke samAna prakAza dene vAlI hai aura paripUrNatA prApta karAnevAlI hai| vahI sabase utkRSTa dharma hai isa AtmavidyA ke dvArA rAga-dveSa naSTa hote haiM aura yahI sarvottama rAjavidyA hai| nyAyadarzana, mithyAjJAna aura moha Adi ko saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| sAMkhyadarzana viparyaya ko saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| bauddha darzana, rAga-dveSajanya avidyA ko saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| jaina tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se sAdhanA ke kSetra meM samyagjJAna kA mahattva samyagdarzana jitanA hI hai, isalie jJAna sarva prakAzaka hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| prathama jJAna aura usake bAda meM cAritra kA krama hai| aisA jaina zAstra meM mAnA gayA hai| jaina zAstroM meM dayA ko atIva mahattva hai| phira bhI jJAna ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA hai- paDhamaM nANaM tao dyaa| prathama jJAna aura bAda meM dyaa|297

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340 vedAMta aura sAMkhya darzana bhI mokSa ke lie samyagjJAna ko hI Avazyaka mAnate haiN| unake matAnusAra baMdhana kA ekamAtra kAraNa mithyAjJAna hai| jainAcArya zrI vidyAnaMdIjI ke matAnusAra samyagjJAna se hI mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai| samyagdarzana se rahita jJAna ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna hotA hai aura samyagdarzana sahita jJAna samyagjJAna hotA hai|298 samyakcAritra samyakcAritra yaha mokSa mArga kI tIsarI sIDhI hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke samAna hI samyakcAritra bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNa karanA aura jinezvara deva ke vacanoM para pUrNa zraddhA rakhanA aura usI prakAra AcaraNa karanA, yahI samyakcAritra hai| jisa prakAra samyakdarzana aura samyakjJAna mokSa ke sAdhana haiM, usI prakAra samyakcAritra bhI mokSa kA sAdhana hai| cAritra yAne sva-svarUpa meM sthita honaa| zubhAzubha bhAvoM se nivRtta hokara svayaM ke zuddha caitanya svarUpa meM sthira rahanA, yahI samyakcAritra hai| aisA cAritra jJAnI ko hI hotA hai, ajJAnI ko nahIM hotaa| yadi duHkha se mukti cAhie to samyakcAritra ko svIkAra karanA caahie| mokSa kA aMtima kAraNa samyakacAritra hI hai| cAritra guNa kA pUrNa vikAsa muni pada meM hotA hai| isalie muni pada dhAraNa karanA caahie|299 jJAna yaha netra hai aura cAritra yaha caraNa hai| rAstA dekha to liyA, paraMtu paira agara usa rAste para nahIM cale, to icchita dhyeya kI prApti asaMbhava hai| cAritra ke binA jJAna kA~ca kI A~kha ke samAna kevala dikhAne ke lie hai| sacamuca vaha A~kha pUrNatayA nirupayogI hotI hai| jJAna kA phala virakti hai| jJAnasya phalaM virtie| jJAna prApta hone para bhI agara viSayoM meM Asakti hogI to vaha vAstavika jJAna nahIM hai|300 samyakcAritra yaha jaina sAdhanA kA prANa hai| vibhAva meM gae hue AtmA ko puna: zuddha svarUpa meM adhiSThita karane ke lie satya ke parijJAna ke sAtha jAgarUka bhAva se sakriya rahanA hI samyak AcAra kI ArAdhanA hai, aura yahI samyakcAritra hai| cAritra eka aisA hIrA hai ki jo kisI bhI patthara ko tarAza sakatA hai| uttama vyakti mitabhASI hote haiM aura AcaraNa meM dRDha hote haiN| bauddha sAhitya meM samyakcAritra ko hI samyak vyAyAma kahA hai|301 tattva ke svarUpa ko jAnakara pApakarma se dUra honA, apanI AtmA ko nirmala banAnA, yahI samyakcAritra kA asalI artha hai / 302 jisa prakAra aMdhe manuSya ke sAmane lAkhoM, karoDoM

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341 dIpaka jalAe rakhanA vyartha hai usI prakAra cAritrazUnya vyakti kA zAstrAdhyayana vyartha hai / samatA, mAdhyasthabhAva, zuddhabhAva, vItarAgatA, cAritra dharma aura svabhAva - ArAdhanA ye sAre . ekArthavAcI zabda haiM / 303 samyakcAritra kI ArAdhanA karane se darzana, jJAna aura tapa ina tInoM kI bhI ArAdhanA hotI hai, paraMtu darzana Adi kI ArAdhanA se cAritra kI ArAdhanA hotI hI hai, aisA nahIM / cAritrarahita jJAna aura samyaktvarahita liMga (veza) saMyamahIna tapa nirarthaka hai / 304 jo manuSya cAritrahIna hai vaha jIvita hokara bhI mRtavat hai / sacamuca cAritra hI jIvana hai / jo cAritra se gira jAte haiM yA cyuta ho jAte haiM unakA jIvana naSTa ho jAtA hai| eka aMgrejI kahAvata hai If Weath is lost, nothing is lost, If heath is lost, Something is lost. If character is lost, Everything is lost. mAnava kA dhana naSTa huA to usakA kucha bhI naSTa nahIM huA, kyoMki dhana punaH prApta kiyA z2A sakatA hai| agara usakA Arogya naSTa huA to thoDA bahuta naSTa huA hai, paraMtu agara mAnava ne cAritra hI ga~vA diyA, to usane sarvasva gavA~ diyA hai| vizva meM asalI jIvana cAritrazIla vyakti hI jIte haiM / bhogI, svArthI aura viSayalaMpaTa vyakti kA jIvana nirarthaka hai / samyakcari prApta karane ke lie zarIrabala, buddhibala aura manobala kI Avazyaka hai / 305 jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna hai| jo dekhA jAtA hai, yA mAnA jAtA hai, use darzana kahA hai aura jo kiyA jAtA hai vaha cAritra hai| jJAna aura darzana ke saMyoga se cAritra taiyAra hotA hai / 306 jIva ke ye jJAnAdi tInoM bhAva akSaya aura zAzvata hote haiM / 307 samyakcAritra kA AcaraNa karanevAlA jIva cAritra ke kAraNa zuddha Atmatattva ko prApta karatA hai / vaha dhIra, vIra puruSa akSaya sukha aura mokSa prApta karatA hai| cAritra ke do bheda samyakcAritra ke do bheda inake dUsare nAma haiM 1) nizcaya cAritra aura 2 ) vyavahAra cAritra / 1) vItarAga cAritra aura 2 ) sarAga cAritra 308 1 nizcaya cAritra nizcayanaya ke anusAra AtmA kA AtmA meM, AtmA ke lie tanmaya honA yahI nizcayacAritra hai, vItarAga cAritra hai, aise cAritrazIla yogiyoM ko hI nirvANa kI prApti hotI

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342 hai / 309 nizcayadRSTicAritra kA vAstavika artha samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi hai, isa cAritra meM AtmaramaNatA mukhya hotI hai| aise cAritra kA prAdurbhAva sirpha apramatta avasthA meM hI hotA hai| aura apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM honevAle sabhI kArya zuddha mAne gaye haiM / cetanA meM se jaba rAga-dveSa, kaSAya aura vAsanArUpI agni pUrNa zAMta hotI hai, vAstavika jIvana kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa prakAra kA sadAcAra hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| jaba sAdhaka pratyeka kriyA meM jAgRta rahatA hai, taba usakA AcaraNa bAhya Avega aura vAsanAoM se calita nahIM hotA / tabhI vaha nizcayacAritra kA pAlanakartA mAnA jAtA hai / aura yahI cAritra mukti kA kAraNa hai| AtmA kI vizuddhi ke kAraNa isa cAritra kI prApti hotI hai| jisakA jJAna prApta karake jo yogI pApa tathA puNya donoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai, use hI nirvikalpa cAritra prApta hotA hai| zuddha upayoga ke dvArA siddha hone vAlA atIndriya, anupama, anaMta aura avinAzI sukha prApta hotA hai / 310 vyavahAra cAritra jo AtmA sAMsArika saMbaMdha ke tyAga ke lie utsuka hai, paraMtu jisake mana se ke saMskAra naSTa nahIM hue haiM, usake cAritra ko vyavahAracAritra yA sarAga cAritra kahate haiM / 311 zubha se nivRtti aura zubha meM pravRtti yahI vyavahAra yA sarAgacAritra hai / vyavahAracAritra kI zuruAta AtmA ke mana, vacana aura karma kI zuddhi se hotI hai aura usa zuddhi kA kAraNa AcAra ke niyamoM kA paripAlana hai / sAmAnyataH vyavahAracAritra meM pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM Adi kA samAveza hotA hai / 312 jIva ko samyagdarzana evaM jJAna se yukta cAritra se deveMdra, dharaNeMdra aura cakravartI Adi ke vaibhava ke sAtha nirvANa kI bhI prApti hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA sarAgacAritra se deveMdra Adi kA vaibhava prApta hotA hai aura vItarAga cAritra se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / 313 nizcayacAritra yaha sAdhyarUpa hai aura vyavahAra usakA sAdhana hai / sAdhana evaM sAdhyarUpa ina donoM cAritroM ko kramapUrvaka dhAraNa karane para jIva mokSa ko prApta hotA hai / bAhya zuddhi hone para abhyaMtara zuddhi hotI hai aura abhyaMtara doSoM ke kAraNa hI bAhya doSa hote haiM / 314 : zuddhAtmA ke atirikta anya bAhya AbhyaMtara parigraharUpa padArthoM kA tyAga karanA utsarga mArga hai / use hI nizcayacAritra yA zuddhopayoga bhI kahate haiM / 315

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343 anya darzana meM trividha sAdhanAmArga jaina darzana ke samAna hI bauddha darzana meM bhI trividha sAdhanA mArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA bauddha darzana kA yaha trividha sAdhanAmArga bhI jaina darzana ke trividha sAdhanAmArga ke samAnArthaka hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se zIla ko samyakcAritra, samAdhi ko samyagdarzana aura prajJA ko samyakjJAna ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| samyagdarzana yaha samAdhi se isalie tulanIya hai ki donoM meM citta vikalpa nahIM hai| gItA meM bhI jJAnamArga, karmamArga aura bhaktimArga ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanAmArga kA ullekha hai| hiMdu paraMparA meM paramasattA ke tIna pakSa satyaM-zivam-suMdaram mAne gaye haiN| ina tIna pakSoM kI upalabdhi ke lie unhoMne trividha sAdhanAmArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| satya kI upalabdhi ke lie jJAna, suMdara kI upalabdhi ke lie bhAva yA zraddhA aura ziva kI upalabdhi ke lie sevA yA karma mAnA gayA hai| upaniSad meM bhI zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana ke rUpa meM bhI trividha sAdhanAmArga prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai| pAzcAtya paraMparA meM bhI tIna naitika Adeza upalabdha haiN| 1) svayaM kA svIkAra kro| (Accept thyself) 2) svayaM ko phcaano| (Know thyself) 3) svayaM bno| (Be thyself) pAzcAtya ciMtana ke ye tIna naitika Adeza darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke samAnArthI haiN| AtmasvIkRti meM zraddhA kA tattva, AtmajJAna meM jJAna kA tattva aura Atma nirmANa meM cAritra kA tattva aMtarbhUta hai|316

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344 saMdarbha 1. AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), zru. a. 1, u. 1. sU. 2 2. puNya pApAgamadvAra lakSaNa: aasrvH| rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), 1/4/16 3. AyavaNaM jIvataDAge ..... yogitvlkssnnH| sthAnAMgasUtra (abhayadevasUri TIkA), sthA. 5. u. 2, sU. 418, pR. 300 4. sarasa: salilA ..... vypdishyte|| tattvArthasAra (zrImad amRtacaMdra sUri), pR. 110 5. tatpraNAlikathA .... vypdeshmrhti| tattvArtha rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), bhAga- 2, a. 6, sU. 2 TI. pR. 506 6. navapadArtha (A. bhikSu), pR. 369 7. Asravatyenana AsravaNa mAtra vaa| rAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMka deva), 1.4.9 8. AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni). zru. 1, a. 5, u. 6. sU. 587-88 9. AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), zru. 1, a. 5, u. 6. sU. 589-90 10. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 9/12 11. SaDdarzana samuccaya (haribhadrasUri), pR. 211 12. jaina lakSaNAvalI (saMpA. bAlacaMdra siddhAMta zAstrI), bhAga- 1 pR. 221 13. jaina tattvAdarzana (yuvAcArya madhukara muni), pR. 227 14. jaina darzana (muni zrI nyAyavijayajI), pR. 21 .15. kAyabAGmana: krmyogH||1|| sa AstravaH / / 2 / / tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 6, sUtra 1,2 16. samayasAra pravacana (paM. vijayamuni zAstrI), pR. 54 17. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 1 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 296 18. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 1 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 296 19. bhAvanAyoga: eka vizleSaNa, (A. AnaMdaRSijI), pR. 237-238 20 navapadArtha (A. bhikSu), pR. 370 21. paMcAstikAya (kuMdakuMdAcArya), gA. 135, pR. 199 22. paMcAstikAya (kuMdakuMdAcArya), gA. 139, pR. 203 23. tattvArthasAra (zrImad amRtacaMdrasUri), gA. 101 pR. 137 24. tattvArthasAra (zrImad amRtacaMdrasUri), gA. 102 pR. 138 25. bhAvanAyoga: eka vizleSaNa (A. AnaMdaRSijI), pR. 238-239 26. bRhadadravyasaMgraha (zrI. nemicaMdra siddhAntadeva), gA. 29. 30, 31. pR. 77-79 27. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 1 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 296 28. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 6, sUtra 5

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345 29. tatvArtha zlokavArtika (zrImada vidyAnaMda svAmI), pR. 444 30 jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 1 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 296 31. tattvArthasUtra (anu. paM. sukhalAlajI), pR. 241-242 32. tattvArthasAra (zrImad amRtacaMdra sUri), caturtha adhikAra, zlo. 5 pR. 110, 111 33. ThANAMgasUtra (anu. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI), ThA. 5 u. 2 pR. 562 34. samavAyAMga (suttAgame) (saMpA. puphphabhikkhu), bhAga- 1 sa. 5 pR. 319 35. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 6, sUtra 1 36. bhAvanAzataka (bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrI ratnacaMdrajI ma.), pR. 224 37. bhAvanAyoga (A. zrI AnaMda RSi: eka vizleSaNa), pR. 240 38. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 3 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 311 39. yogazAstra, (A. hemacaMdra), (saMpA. muni samadarzI prabhAkara mahAsatI umarAva kaMbara, paM. . zobhAcaMda bhArilla) zlo. 3, pR. 28 40 jaina darzana (DaoN. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya), pR. 227 41. dhavalA (kuMdakuMdAcArya), 1/1/9/162/2 42. bRhadrvya saMgraha (zrI. nemicaMdra siddhAntideva), (amRtacaMdra TIkA), gA. 30, pR. 78 43. sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), dazama sthA. pR. 709 44. karma saMhitA (sA. yugala nidhi kRpA), pR. 366 45. Atman kI dizA meM (munijJAna), pR. 112 46. jainayoga (AcArya mahAprajJa), pR. 17 47. bhAvanAzataka (bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrI ratnacaMdrajI ma.), pR. 231 48. bhAvanAyoga eka vizleSaNa (A. zrI AnaMda RSi), pR. 283 49. bhAvanAyoga eka vizleSaNa (A. zrI AnaMda RSi), pR. 242-243 50 jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 3 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 212 51. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (jIvanazreyaskara pAThazAlA), pR. 98 52. bhAvanAzataka, (bhAratabhUSaNa paM. muni zrI ratnacaMdrajI ma.), pR. 236 53. pratikramaNasUtra, (pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI ma.sA.), pR. 45 54. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 3 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR.147 55. bhAvanAyoga eka vizleSaNa (A. zrI AnaMda RSi), pR. 244-246 56. jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa (deveMdramuni zAstrI), pR. 198-199 57. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 4/6 58. AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), pra.zru. 1 a. 2, u. 4, sUtra 85 pR. 54 59. jaina darzana meM navatattva (jaina sAdhvI DaoN. dharmazIlA), pR. 169 60 dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), sUtra 8, gA. 40

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346 61. duHkhazasyaM karmakSetraM kRSanti phalavakurvanti iti kaSAyA: / dhavalA (vIrasAna), pR. 142 62. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 2 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 35 63. dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), sUtra 8, gA. 38 64. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 9, gA- 54 65.bhAvanAzataka (bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrI ratnacaMdrajI ma.), pR. 238 66. kaSAya mukti kila eva mukti| bhAvanAyoga eka vizleSaNa (A. zrI AnaMda RSi), pR. 249 67. yogazAstra (A. hemacaMdra), gA. 6-8, 23, pR. 116 68. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 3 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 390 69. bhAvanAzataka (bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrI ratnacaMdrajI ma.), pR. 242 70 jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa (deveMdramunizAstrI), pR.200 71. gItA (gItApresa, gorakhapura), a. 6, zloka 35 72. pAtAMjala yoga darzana (svAmI vijJAnAthamalajI), sUtra 12, pR. 30 73. praznavyAkaraNasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), prathama zrutaskaMdha 74. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 20, gA-36 75. bhAvanAyoga eka vizleSaNa (A. zrI AnaMda RSi), pR. 255-256 76. navapadArtha (AcArya bhikSu), pR. 488 77. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 4 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 142 .. 78. sarvadarzana saMgraha (mAdhavAcArya) bhASyakAra, umAzaMkara zarmA, pR. 165 79. jainadarzana (munizrI nyAyavijayajI), pR. 22 80 tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 9, sUtra 1 81. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni), a. 28, gA-11 82. yogazAstra (A. hemacaMdra), zloka - 79, pR. 133 83. prazamarati prakaraNa (umAsvAtijI vAcaka), saTIkam sahita / pR. 7, pR. 220 84. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 4 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR. 143 85. bhAvanAyoga eka vizleSaNa (A. zrI AnaMda RSi), pR. 356 86. bhAratIya saMskRtikoza (saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrIjozI), tIsarA khaMDa, pR. 61 87. gommaTasAra (zrI. nemicaMdra siddhAMta cakravartI), jIvakAMDa guNasthAna, gA. 8, 69, pR. 430 88. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (anu. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma.), zru. 2, a. 21, pR. 498 89. navatattva sAhitya-saMgraha (udayavijayagaNI), pR. 14, 15 90 sapta-tattva-prakaraNa (hemacaMdra sUri), pR. 14,15 .91. sarvArthasiddhi (A. pUjyapAdAcArya), a. 1/4, pR. 6

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347 92. yogazAstra (A. hemacaMdra), zloka - 79-80, pR. 133-134 93. jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa (deveMdramunizAstrI), pR 203, 204 .94. natthi carittaM sammatta vihUNaM.... va sammattaM / / nAMdasaNissa ..... amokkhassa nivvaannN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni) a. 28, gA-29, 30 95. jaina darzana ke nava tattva (pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI ma.sA.), pR. 198 96. bhAvanAzataka (bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrI ratnacaMdrajI ma.), zlo.- 58, pR. 255 97. je AyA se viNNayA.. taM paDucca pddisNkhaae| AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvA madhukaramuni), 1.5.5.171 98. sthAnAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvA. madhukaramuni), ThANA-2, u. 1, sUtra - 70 99. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 1, sUtra 3 100 karAmata che karmanA kelkyu leTaramAM (pU. jayezAbAI ma.sA, pU. namItAbAI ma.sA.), pR. 131 101. yogazAstra (A. hemacaMdra), dvitIya prakAzana, zloka - 15, pR. 33 102. jainendra siddhAMta koSa, bhAga - 4 (kSu. jinendra varNI), pR.361 103. nigraMtha pravacana (anu. jainadivAkara paM. munizrI cauthamalajI), pR. 240 104. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 7, sUtra - 18 105. tattvArthasAra (zrImadaamRtacaMdra sUri), caturtha adhikAra, zlo. 84, pR. 132 106. sammattadaMsaNaM na karei paavN| AcArAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), 3/2 107. bhAvanAzataka (bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrI ratnacaMdrajI ma.), zlo., pR. 60 108. upAsakadazAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), pR. 28 109. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 9, gA.- 48 110. upAsakadazAMgasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), pR. 24 .111. jainalakSaNAvalI (bAlacaMdrasiddhAMta zAstrI), bhAga- 1, pR. 107 112. jainalakSaNAvalI (bAlacaMdrasiddhAMta zAstrI), bhAga- 1, pR. 2 113. bhAvanAyoga eka vizleSaNa (A. zrI AnaMda RSi), pR. 256-271 114. kuMdakuMdAcAryAMce ratnatraya (zrI gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela), pR. 39 115. dazavaikAlikasUtra (anu. jainAcArya AtmArAmajI ma.), a. 3-4, pR. 34/141 116. praznavyAkaraNasUtra (anu. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma.), - AsravadvAra, pR. 1 se 130 va saMvaradvAra, 131 se 228 117. bhagavatIsUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), za.-3, u.-3, za.- 1, u.- 6 118. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 30, sU. - 2,3 119. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a.- 29, sU. - 14

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348 120. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 30 sU.- 4, 5 121. 'ekadeza karma saMzaya lakSaNA nirjraa'| ___sarvArthasiddhi (zrImad A. pUjyapAdAcArya) 1/4 122. khavettApuvvakammAiM .... pakkamanti mhesinno| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 28 / gA. 36 uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 30 / gA.- 5, 6 123. samayasAra pravacana (paM. vijayamuni zAstrI), pR. 81-82 124. saMskRta sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa (vAcaspati gairolA), pR. 216 125. tattvArthAdhigama sUtra (siddhasenagaNi), svoprajJabhASya, bhA.2, a. 8, sUtra 24, pR. 173 126. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 9, sUtra - 19-20 127. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 30 / sUtra - 8, 30 128. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), bhAga- 2, a- 9 gA. 19-20 129. sabhASya tattvArthAdhigama sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 9 sUtra 19 pR. 412 130 tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), bhAga- 2, a- 9 gA. 19, pR. 618 131. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 30 / sUtra - 14-23 132. suttAgame (bhagavaI) (saMpA. pupphabhikkhU), bhAga- 1, za. 25.3.7, pR. 893 133. suttAgame (samavAiya) (saMpA. pupphabhikkhU), bhAga- 1, za. 6, pR. 320 134. suttAgame (ovavAiyasuttaM) (saMpA. pupphabhikkhu), bhAga- 2, pR. 9 135. dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 1 / gA.-2 136. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 30 / gA.- 26 137. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), bhAga- 2, a- 9 sU. 19-618-19 138. suttAgame (bhagavaI) (saMpA. pupphabhikkhU), bhAga- 1, za. 24.3.7, pR. 894 139. 'natthi jIvassa nAsuti' uttarAdhyayanasUtra, (yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 2 gA. 27 140. 'AyAvayAhi caya sogmllN'| . dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 2, gA. 5 141. jainadharma meM tapa (marudhara kesarIpravartaka munizrI mizrIlAlajI ma.), pR. 288, 290, . 292, 295, 302 142. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), bhAga- 9, sUtra- 19 pR. 629, bhAga- 2 143. sabhASya tattvArthAdhigama sUtra (umAsvAti), a. 9, sUtra 19, pR. 414 144. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 1 / gA. 30 145. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), bhAga- 2, a- 9, sUtra - 20, pR. 620 146. jainadharma meM tapa (marudhara kesarIpravartaka munizrI mizrIlAlajI ma.), pR. 390-392

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349 1.47. sAmAyikasUtra ( pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI ma.sA. ), agreMjI anu. pR. 10 1.48. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), bhAga- 2, a- 9, sUtra - 22, pR. 620 149. paMcASakavivaraNa (A. haribhadrasUri ), 16 / 3 150. jainadharma meM tapa (marudhara kesarIpravartaka munizrI mizrIlAlajI ma.), pR. 390-392 151. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a.11.13, 152. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 1. gA. - 1,9,27,29 153. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 1. gA. - 7,15,16 154. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 1. gA. - 22, a. 8.41 a. 9/22 155. suttAgame ( bhagavaI) (saMpA. pupphabhikkhU), bhAga- 1, za. 24., u. 7, pR. 895 156. dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), 9.2.2 157. 'parosparopagraho jIvAnAm |' tattvArthasUtra ( umAsvAti), a. 5, gA. 21 158. bhagavadgItA (DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana), a. 3/11 159. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a.- 29 / sUtra - 44 160. dasavidhe veyAvacce paNNattA taM jahA.... sAhammiya veyAvacce' / uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 29. sU. - 44 . 161. suttAgame (saMpA. puppabhikkhu ), ThANe, bhAga- 1, pR. 304 162. sthAnAMga TIkA (abhayadevasUri), 5/3/465 163. jaina darzana ke navatattva (jainasAdhvI DaoN. dharmazIlA), pR. 265 164. sajjAe vA niutteNaM savvadukkha vimokkhaNe // uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 26. gA. 10 165. sajjAeNaM nANAvaraNijjaM kammaM khavei || uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. - 29.19 166. bRhatkalpabhASya, caMdraprajJapti (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), gA. 89 167. taitariya AraNyaka, 2.14 168. taitirIyopaniSad, 1.11.1 169. svAdhyAyAdiSTa devatAsaMprayoga' / pAtaJjalayogadarzana - 170. sajjhAe paMcavihe pannate taM jahA- vAyaNA paMDipucchaNA pariyaTTaNA, aNuppehA dhammakahA, jhA suta / (saM puppabhikkhu (suttAgame), ThANa bhAga- 1, saM. 25, u. 7, pR. 896 171. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a.-29 / sUtra - 18 172. niHsaMganirbhayatva jIvitAzAvyudAsAdhartho vyutsargaH // tattvArtha TIkA (akalaMkadeva), sUtra - 10

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350 173. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), bhAga- 2, a- 8, sUtra - 27, pR. 625 174. jainadRSTi (DaoN. indracaMdra zAstrI), pR. 81-82 175. jIva-ajIva (muni zrI nathamala), pR. 182 176. yogadarzanaaneyogasamAdhi (vizvazAMti cAhaka), pR. 353 177. jainadharma meM tapa (marudhara kesarIpravartaka munizrI mizrIlAlajI ma.), pR. 470 178. Avazyakaniyukti (A. bhadrabAhu), 1456 179. zubhaikapratyayo dhyAnam / (dvAtriMzada dvAtriMziMka) (AcArya siddhasena), 18/11 180. jainadharma meM tapa (marudhara kesarIpravartaka munizrI mizrIlAlajI ma.), pR. 470-472 181. suttAgame (ThANaMga) (saMpA. puppabhikkhu), bhAga- 1, a. 4, u. 1, pR.224 182. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti). (marAThI anu. bra. jIvarAja gautamacaMdra dozI), pR. 276 183. sakaSAyAcAjjIva: karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sa baMdhaH / tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 8, sUtra- 3 184. tattvArthasAra (zrImadAmRtacaMdra sUri), (saM.pa. pannAlAlasAhityAcArya), zlo. 13 pR. 142 185. Natthi baMdhe mokkho vaa| Ne va sannaM nivese| atthi baMdha mokkho vA evaM sannaM nivese||15 sUyagaDaMgasUtra, (anu. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma.) zru. 2, gA. 15, pR. 498 186. jainendra siddhAMta koza (kSu. jinendravarNI), bhAga- 3, pR. 169-170 .187. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (anu. jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma.), a. 28, gA. 14, pR. 153 188. navapadArtha (A. bhikSu), pR. 707 189. adhyAtma sAdhanA (vijayamuni zAstrI), pR. 37-38 190. cintana kI manobhUmi, (upAdhyAya amaramuni), pR. 61 191. navapadArtha (A. bhikSu), pR. 714, 715 192. suttAgame (ThANe), saM puppabhikkhu, bhAga- 1, u. 4, pR. 200-317 193. sthAnAMgasUtra (abhayadevasUri TI.), sthAna- 2, u. 4, pR. 83, 183 194. paNNavaNAsUtra, (saMpA. puppabhikkhu) (suttAgame), bhAga- 2, pa. 23, u. 1, pR. 486 195. sthAnAMgasUtra (abhayadevasUri TI.), sthAna- 2, u. 4, pR. 83 196. sthAnAMgasUtra (abhayadevasUri TI.), sthAna- 2, u. 4, pR. 14 197. sthAnAMgasUtra (abhayadevasUri TI.),,sthAna- 1, u. 4, pR. 14, 15 198. pravacanasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), (jJeyAdhikAra), a.2, gA. 83, 84, pR. 217-218 199. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), vivecanakartA, paM. sukhalAlajI, pR. 315-316 200. SaDdarzana samuccaya (haribhadrasUri), pR. 277 201. tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdrasUri), saMpA. pa. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, paMcamaadhikAra,

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351 zlo. 21, pR. 145 202. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (umAsvAti), anu. dhIrajalAla ke turakhiyA, a. 8.4, pR. 37 203. jainendra siddhAMta koza, (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 3, pR. 87 204. tattvArthasUtra (gRddhapicchAcArya), anu. jIvarAja gautamacaMdra dozI, a. 8, pR. 218 205. jainasiddhAMtadIpikA (A. zrItulasI), a. 4, pR. 66 206. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 3, pR. 87 207. jainasiddhAMtadIpikA (A. zrItulasI), zlo. 7, pR. 66 .208. jainasiddhAMtadIpikA (A. zrItulasI), zlo. 10, pR. 68 209. tattvArthasUtra (gRddhapicchAcArya), anu. jIvarAja gautamacaMdra dozI, a. 8, pR. 219 210. savArthasiddhi (pUjyApAdAcArya), a. 8, sUtra- 3, pR. 223 211. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 4, pR. 457 212. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), pR. 316 213. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkadeva), TI. bhAga-2, a. 8, sUtra- 3 pR. 567 214. jainasiddhAMtadIpikA (A. zrItulasI), zlo. 7, pR. 68 215. navatattva prakaraNam (zrIdevaguptAcArya praNIta zrImad abhayadevasUri), gA. 71, pR. 47 216. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), pR. 316 / 217. sabhASya tattvArthAdhigama (hiMdI anu. khUbacaMdrajI siddhAMta zAstrI), pR. 355 218. jainatatvaprakAza (jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 372 219. jainasiddhAMtadIpikA (A. zrItulasI), zlo. 7, pR. 70 220. navapadArtha (A. bhikSu), pR. 718 221. tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdrasUri), paMcamaadhikAra, zlo. 47-50, pR. 158 222. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), (saMpA. pa. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) pR. 145-146 223. tattvArthasUtra (gRddhapicchAcArya), marAThI anu. jIvarAja gautamacaMdra dozI, pR. 219 224. jainatatvaprakAza (jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma.), pR. 373 225. jIvakarma viyogazca mokSa ucyte| sthAnAMgasUtra (abhayadevasUri TIkA), sthAna- 1, pR. 15 226. kRtsna karmakSayau mokssH|' tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 10, sUtra - 3 227. sarvadarzanasaMgraha (mAdhavAcArya), pR. 167 228. navatattva sAhitya saMgraha (hemacaMdrasUri), (saptaprakaraNam), pR.17 saMyo. udayavijayagaNI 229. navatattva sAhitya saMgraha (umAsvAti), pR. 7 230. navatattvaprakaraNa (cAritracakravartI zrI jayazekharasUri), pR. 29 231. samayasAra pravacana (paM. vijayamuni zAstrI), pR. 89 232. navatattvasAhitya saMgraha (saMpA. udayavijayagaNI, hemaMcadra saptatattvaprakaraNam), pR. 17

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352 233. jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa (deveMdramuni zAstrI), pR. 224 234. AvazyakasUtra (saMpA. pU. DaoN. dharmazIlAjI ma.), pR. 105 235. tadanaMtaramUrdhva gacchatyA lokaantaat| tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 10, sUtra -5 236. jainatattvadarzana (zrI madhukaramuni), pR. 30-31 237. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvA. zrImadhukaramuni), a. 28/2 238. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 3, pR. 333 239. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 3, pR. 333 240. tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdrasUri), aSTamaadhikAra, zlo. 2, pR. 192 241. SaDdarzanasamuccaya (haribhadrasUri), saM. DaoN. maheMdrakumAra jaina, pR. 284 .242. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), aM. 1, sUtra- 1 243. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkadeva), TI. bhAga-1, pR. 271 244. zrI amarabhAratI (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 99 245. zrI amarabhAratI (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 100-101 246. zrI amarabhAratI (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 100 247. zrI amarabhAratI (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 100, (bha. mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka), dvitIya khaMDa, 1974 248. zrI amarabhAratI, (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 101, (bha. mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka), dvitIya khaMDa, 1974 249. darzana digdarzana (rAhula sAMkRtyAyana), a. 15, pR. 533 250. zrI amarabhAratI (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 101, (bha. mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka), dvitIya khaMDa, 1974 251. zvetAzvataropaniSad (gItApresa, gorakhapura) a. 2, 15, pR. 160 252. zrI amarabhAratI (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 102-103 253. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 23, gA. 81, 83 254. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 23, gA. 84 255. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 23, gA. 36 256. zrI amarabhAratI (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 87-88, (bha. mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka). dvitIya khaMDa. 1974 257. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 3, pR. 333-334 258. paMcAstikAya (kuMdakuMdAcArya, amRtacaMdra jayasenAcArya TI.), pR. 152, 173, 216 .259. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), TIkA, bhAga- 1, pR. 40 260. navatattvaprakaraNasArtha (veNIcaMdra sUracaMdra), pR. 8 261. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saMpA. jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma.), TIkA,

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353 bhAga- 4, a.- 29. pR. 354-355 262. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), (anu. paM. sukhalAlajI), a. 10, sUtra- 1, pR. 381 263. AptaparIkSA kArikA (vidyAnaMda svAmI), gA. 194, 115, pR. 246 264. tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhaTTAkalaMkAdeva), bhAga- 1, a- 8, gA - 6,7, pR. 146 265. zrI amarabhAratI, (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 87-88 266. AcArAMgasUtracUrNi, a. 4 267. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti), a. 10, sUtra - 1 268. zrI amarabhAratI (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), khaMDa- 2, pR. 89 269. niyamasAra (kuMdakuMdAcArya), gA. 178-179 270. 'yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mm'| bhagavadgItA (DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan) 271. namotthuNaM (zakrastava) sAmAyika sUtra, amarabhAratI, (paM. munizrInemicaMdrajI), pR. 89-90 272. jayAjoge nilaMbhittA..... siddhiM gacchai niiro|| dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 4.24 . 273. tayA logamatthayattho siddho havaI saaso| dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 4, gA. 25 274. tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdrasUri), aSTamaadhikAra, zlo. 7, pR. 193 275. tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdrasUri), aSTamaadhikAra, zlo. 26, pR. 198 276. Namo siddhANaM pada- samIkSAtmaka parizIlana (DaoN. dharmazIlAjI maM.), pR. 249 277. samaNasuttaM, (sarva sevA saMghaprakAzana), (paM. becaradAsajI dozI), zlo.193, pR.64 278. jainadarzana (nyAyavijayajI ma.sA.), pR. 67068 2279. zikSAsArasaMgraha (saMgrahakartA zrI. bhairodAna seDiyA), pR. 1 . 280. nigraMtha pravacana (cauthamalajI ma.), zlo. 7, pR. 238, 244 281. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 4, pR. 350 282. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 4, pR. 356 283. suttAgame AyAre (saM puppabhikkhu), bhAga- 1, u. 1, pR. 12 284. kuMdakuMdabhAratI (kuMdakuMdAcArya), darzanapAhuDa, gA. 31, pR. 235 285. vallabhapravacana (A. zrI. vijayavallabhasUri), bhAga- 2, pR. 177-191 286. dharma aura darzana (deveMdramuni zAstrI), pR. 132 / / 287. jainadarzana manana aura mImAMsA (muni nathamala), pR. 423 288. zrI naMdIsUtra TIkA (saMpA. jainAcArya zrI AtmarAmajI ma.), pR. 61 289. suttAgame (bhagavaI), (saMpA. puppabhikkhu), bhAga- 1, sa. 12, u. 10, pR. 672 290. suttAgame (naMdIsuttam), saMpA. puppabhikkhu, bhAga- 2, pR. 1074

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354 291. samaNasuttaM (saMpA. paM. becaradAsajI dozI), saMskRtachAyA parizodhana,gA.248pR. 80 292. samaNasutta, (saMpA. paM. becaradAsajI dozI), saMskRtachAyA parizodhana, pR. 82-84 293. samaNasuttaM (paM. becaradAsajI dozI), gA. 253, pR. 83 294. jainadarzana ke navatattva (jainasAdhvI DaoN. dharmazIlAjI), pR. 364 295. sarvadarzanasaMgraha (mAdhavAcArya), pR. 137 296. satyena labhyastapasA eSa AtmA samyagjJAnena brahmacaryeNa nitym| muNDakopaniSad, muNDaka- 3 (gItApresa), gorakhapura, khaMDa-1, pR. 94 297. dazavaikAlikasUtra (saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukara muni), a. 4, gA. 10 298. zrI naMdIsUtra (saMpA. jainAcArya zrI AtmarAmajI ma.), pR. 14-15 299. kuMdakuMdabhAratI (kuMdakuMdAcArya),prastAvanA, pR. 41 300. jainadarzana ke navatattva (jainasAdhvI DaoN. dharmazIlAjI), pR. 369 301. dharma aura darzana (devendramuni zAstrI), pR. 143 .302. jainadarzana (muni zrI nyAyavijayajI), pR. 50 303. samaNasuttaM (saMpA. paM. becaradAsajI dozI), gA. 266, 275 pR. 86, 90 304. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 2, pR. 286 305. ujjavalavANI (mahAsatI zrI ujjvalakumArIjI), bhAga 1, pR. 298 306. kuMdakuMdabhAratI (kuMdakuMdAcArya), aSTapAhuDa, gA. 3, pR. 241 307. kuMdakuMdabhAratI (kuMdakuMdAcArya), aSTapAhuDa, gA. 4, pR. 241 . 308. tattvArthasAra (amRtacaMdrasUri), zlo. 2, pR. 208 309. samaNasuttaM (saMpA. paM. becaradAsajI dozI), gA. 268, pR. 88, 310. samaNasuttaM (saMpA. paM. becaradAsajI dozI), gA. 269, 278 pR. 88, 90 311. samaNasuttaM (saMpA. paM. becaradAsajI dozI), gA. 269, 278 pR. 86, 88, 90 312. kuMdakuMdabhAratI (kuMdakuMdAcArya), jJAnAdhikAra, gA. 6 '313. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 2, pR. 284 314. samaNasuttaM (saMpA. paM. becaradAsajI dozI), gA. 280, pR. 90, 92 315. jainendra siddhAMta koza (jinendravarNI), bhAga- 2, pR. 285 316. jainadarzana ke navatattva (jainasAdhvI DaoN. dharmazIlAjI), pR. 378

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saptama prakaraNa upasaMhAra

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355 saptama prakaraNa upasaMhAra supta zakti ko jagAe~ anaMtazakti kA srota kahA ? bhAratIya darzana meM sAdhanA patha jainasaMskRti bhAratIya darzana aura jainadarzana visarjana se sarjana karma kI mahattA sabhI kSetroM meM karmasiddhAMta ke mUla graMtha Agama vAGmaya karma kA astitva karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana karma kA virATa svarUpa karmoM kI prakriyA karmoM se sarvathA mukti : mokSa 356 356 357 358 358 359 360 361 363 366 369 372 376

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356 saptama prakaraNa upasaMhAra supta zakti ko jagAe~ eka choTe se paramANu meM mahAvisphoTaka zakti hotI hai, eka choTe se bIja meM virATa vRkSa kI vizAlatA samAhita hai, eka choTIsI agni kI cinagArI meM ruI se bhare goDAUna ko naSTa karane kI zakti hotI hai, eka choTIsI viSa kI golI meM mAnava ke prANa haraNa karane kI zakti hotI hai, choTe se dIpaka meM aMdhakAra ko dUra karane kI zakti hotI hai, attara kI eka bUMda meM durgadhita vAtAvaraNa ko sugaMdha meM parivartita karane kI zakti hotI hai| ThIka usI prakAra choTe se choTe zarIra meM rahane vAlI AtmA meM anaMta-anaMta zakti sannihita hai, kiMtu usa vizAla zakti para karma kA ghanA AvaraNa chAyA huA hai| jaba taka AvaraNa nahIM haTegA taba taka vizAla zakti kA pragaTIkaraNa nahIM ho skegaa| ___ bIja kI virATa zakti ko prAdurbhUta karane ke lie usa bIja ko vyavasthita rIti se bhUmi meM bapita karanA Avazyaka hai| usake bAda havA, pAnI se siMcana, saMrakSaNa Adi kI bhI atyaMta AvazyakatA rahatI hai| itanA hone para hI choTA sA bIja virATa vRkSa kA rUpa le sakatA hai| Atmika zakti ko jAgRta karane ke lie yogya puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA hai| anaMtaanaMta AtmAe~ vibhinna yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa kara rahI haiN| karma kA valaya unheM hitAhita ke viveka vijJAna se vikalpa banAye hue hai| bIja ke lie yogyabhUmi kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra mAnava jIvana kI AvazyakatA hai| jisako pAkara AtmA sva ke hitAhita kI jJAnaprApti ke sAtha hita meM pravRtti aura ahita se nivRtti le sakatA hai| prabhu mahAvIra ne AtmajAgaraNa ke lie mAnava jIvana kI anivArya AvazyakatA batalAI hai| mAnava jIvana meM sat puruSArtha karake cetana AtmA apane virATa zuddha svarUpa ko jAnakara karmakSaya ke dvArA mokSa maMjila taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| anaMtazakti kA srota kahA~? __ prasiddha dArzanika imarsana kA kathana hai ki, 'maiM samasta bhUmaMDala, sapta nakSatroM aura sIjara ke bAhubala, pleTo ke mastiSka, IsA ke hRdaya aura zeksapIyara ke kavitA kA svAmI huuN|' dArzanika imarsana ke isa kathana ko sAmAnya vyakti galata arthoM meM bhI le sakatA hai| jisa prakAra koI vyakti yaha kaha de- 'maiM saMpUrNa vizva kA svAmI hU~' to loga usake kathana ko unmatta pralApa hI smjheNge| sAdhAraNa janatA isI koTi meM imarsana ke kathana ko bhI le sakatI

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357 hai, kiMtu gaharAI se vicAra karane para imarsana ke kathana kA mukta jJAna ujAgara hotA hai| vartamAna yuga meM jitanA bhI bhautika vikAsa ho rahA hai, Azcaryajanaka sAdhanoM kA niraMtara AviSkAra ho rahA hai, una sabake mUla meM kartA kauna hai? Akhira hai to mAnava hI, manuSya kI medhA hI to vizva meM naye-naye AviSkAra karane meM samartha hai| ina saba zaktiyoM kA AviSkAra mAnava ke aMtaraMga se hI hotA hai| jo Azcaryajanaka zakti eka vaijJAnika meM dikhatI hai| usase bhI kaI gunI adhika zakti, vizva ke pratyeka prANI meM sUkSma rUpa se vidyamAna hai| hara mAnava anaMta zakti kA svAmI hai, kisI kI zakti AvRta hai to kisI kI zakti anaavRt| isa vibheda ke kAraNa hI Atmika zakti ke vividha rUpa dRSTi gocara ho rahe haiN| imarsana kA yaha kathana isa artha meM satya hai, ki usakI AtmA meM sattA kI apekSA se akhila vizva kA svAmitva vidyamAna hai| sIjara ke bAhubala aura pleToM ke mastiSka se bhI baDhakara saMpUrNa vizva meM jitanI bhI vilakSaNa evaM adbhuta zaktiyA~ parilakSita hotI haiN| ve sabhI zaktiyA~ mAnava ke aMtara meM vidyamAna haiN| prabhu mahAvIra ne apane viziSTa jJAnaloka meM dekhakara vizva ke prANiyoM kI Atmika zakti ko jAgRta karane ke lie yaha dezanA pradAna kI 'appA so paramappA' AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| vizva kI pratyeka AtmA meM anaMta zakti kA srota vidyamAna hai| usa zAzvata sattA kI apekSA se vizva kI samasta AtmAe~ saMpUrNa vizva kA svAmI haiN| bhAratIya darzana meM sAdhanA patha bhAratIya darzana atyaMta sUkSmadarzI hai| jIvana ke rahasyoM kI udghATita karane meM bhAratIya manISiyoM ne jo puruSArtha kiyA vaha anupama hai| antarnirIkSaNa kI preraNA dete hue unhoMne AdhyAtmika AnaMda kI sarvotkRSTatA sthApita kii| jIvana kA parama satya btaayaa| jijJAsu, mumukSu sAdhaka ko uttarottara jIvana kI laMbI yAtrA meM gatizIla rahane kI preraNA dii| vaha eka aisI yAtrA hai jisakA patha baDA kaMTakAkIrNa hai| ataeva sAdhaka ko atyadhika Atmabala, sAhasa aura dhairya rakhate hue sAvadhAna kiyaa| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM usI aMtarmukhI AdhyAtmika yAtrA kA vizleSaNa hai| jisakA prAraMbha karmasiddhAMta ke marma ko jAnane se hotA hai tathA samApana karmoM se mukta hone se hotA hai| jo mahApuruSa saphalatApUrvaka usa yAtrA patha para Age baDhate hue aMtima maMjila taka pahu~ca jAte haiM, ve saphala ho jAte haiM, apanA lakSya prApta kara lete haiN| ve nirvikAra, nirmala parama zuddha . cinmaya avasthA adhigata karate haiM tathA mumukSu ke lie preraNAsrota haiN|

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358 jainasaMskRti jaina, vaidika evaM bauddha ina tInoM bhAratIya dharmoM kI sAMskRtika vicAradhArA cirakAla se sAtha-sAtha bahatI calI AyI hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM ina tInoM kA maulika ciMtana, tAttvika vivecana, saiddhAntika vizleSaNa aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA apanA-apanA pRthak sthAna hai| sAdhAraNa jana isa tattva ko na samajhane ke kAraNa apanI anaMta zakti kI abhivyakti se vaMcita raha jAte haiM, usa zakti ko abhivyakta karane ke lie aharniza puruSArtha apekSita hai| prabala puruSArtha se eka na eka dina anaMta zakti kA srota avazya phUTa pddegaa| kAyara mAnava apanI zakti se aparicita rahakara vaibhAvika pariNAmoM meM hI bhaTakatA rahatA hai aura vaibhAvika avasthA use vAstavika sukha nahIM de paatii| . mahAtmA gA~dhIjI ke mana meM dRDha vizvAsa thA ki ahiMsaka AMdolana se yaha deza nizcita rUpa se svataMtra ho jaayegaa| unhoMne jaba ahiMsaka AMdolana calAyA taba aneka logoM ne ha~sI uDAI, lekina gA~dhIjI apane Atmabala ke AdhAra para baDhate hI cale gye| isa AtmavizvAsa kA alaukika prabhAva huaa| gA~dhIjI ke anUThe Atmabala ke sAmane briTiza zAsana ko jhukanA paDA aura bhArata svataMtra huaa| isa prakAra Atmika zakti ko lekara calane vAle kyA nahIM kara sakate? basa! AvazyakatA hai usa anaMta zakti ke keMdra ko samajhane kI, usakA jJAna prApta kara dRDha saMkalpa ke sAtha Age baDhe to saMpUrNa vizva kA svAmI bana sakatA hai| yahI bAta AdhyAtmika jagata kI hai, AtmA para karmoM kA AvaraNa hai yadi usa AvaraNa ko dUra kiyA jAe to AtmA zuddha daidIpyamAna, anaMta zakti kA svAmI bana jaayegii| bhAratIya darzana aura jainadarzana bhAratIya darzana AdhyAtmika darzana hai| cArvAka darzana se atirikta sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne AtmA kA astitva mAnA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki bhAratIya darzana prAya: AtmavAdI hai| prAcIna kAla se bhAratIya RSi muniyoM ne AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM ciMtana, manana kiyA hai| AtmasvarUpa ko pahacAnanA hI unhoMne apane jIvana kA dhyeya mAnA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM kA vikAsa Atmatattva kA keMdra biMdu hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai je egaM jANaI se savvaM jaanni| jo eka Atma tattva ko jAnatA hai vaha saba kucha jAnatA hai| chAMdogya upaniSad ke zAMkara bhASya 6/11 meM bhI yahI batAyA hai ki Atmani vijJAte sarvamidaM vijJAtaM bhavati /

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359 eka Atmatattva ko jAna lene para saba kucha jAnA jAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke mahattva ko sadaiva svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi Aja vijJAna yuga hai aura pracura bhautika sukhasuvidhAyeM upalabdha haiM, phira bhI AdhyAtmika pragati ke binA mAnava ko sukha nahIM milegaa| aisA kahA jAtA hai, vyakti jaba apUrNatA se pUrNatA kI ora baDhatA hai, taba use alaukika AnaMda kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai, paraMtu du:kha nivRtta ke lie jJAna, darzana, cAritra ina ratnoM kI ArAdhanA se jIvAtmA aMtima lakSa ko prApta kara sakatI haiN| sacce AtmasvarUpa kI pahacAna ke lie karmasiddhAMta ko samajhanA tathA karma ke jaMjIroM se mukta hone kA upAya batAyA hai| ___ jJAna, zakti puruSArtha aura saMkalpa zakti ye jIva kI mukhya zaktiyA~ haiN| jIvAtmA jaisA vicAra karatA hai vaisA usa para saMskAra hotA hai aura saMskAroM kI chApa janmojanma taka rahatI hai| jIva anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtasukha, anaMtabalavIrya isa anaMta catuSTaya se yukta hai| sabhI jIvoM ke AtmA meM anaMta zakti vidyamAna hai sirpha usa zakti ko pahacAnakara usakA sadupayoga karanA hai| visarjana se sarjana bhavya prAsAda ko banAne ke lie pUrva sthita khaMDahara ko girAnA hogA, jaba taka khaMDahara kA sarvathA vinAza nahIM hogA taba taka bhavya mahala kA nirmANa nahIM ho skegaa| ThIka yahI bAta jIvana ke sarjana ke viSaya meM hai| bhavya jIvana kA nirmANa karane ke lie krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga aura dveSa ina SaDripu aura aSTa karmarUpI vikRtiyoM ko bilkula sApha karanA hogA, jaba taka aSTakarma kSaya nahIM hogeM tabataka bhavya jIvana kA sarjana nahIM ho sakatA, tathA mokSa maMjila prApta nahIM ho sktii| gaMdagI ko sApha kiye binA kamarA sajAyA nahIM jAtA, sajAvaTa ke lie gaMdagI ko dUra karanA Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra adhyAtma jIvanotkarSa ke lie karmarUpI gaMdagI ko haTAnA hI hogaa| vartamAna yuga meM dRzyamAna jagata kA mAnava karmoM kI gaMdagI se bharA huA hai| usa gaMdagI ko haTAye binA vaha UparI TIpaTApa se arthAt bhautika samRddhi se apane jIvana ko sajAne kA prayAsa kara rahA hai, kiMtu yaha sajAvaTa vAstavika na hone se sukha prApti kA kAraNa nahIM bana paatii| vAstavika, zAzvata sukha prApti ke lie karma ke marma ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| karma eka aisI zakti hai jisakA sadupayoga bhI ho sakatA hai aura durupayoga bhI ho sakatA hai| aNubaMba se saMsAra ke bhautika sAdhanoM kA vikAsa hotA hai aura durupayoga se zatruoM kA vinAza hotA hai| vAhana cAlaka vyavasthita ho to vyakti ko gantavya sthAna para pahu~cA sakatA hai| vahI vAhana cAlaka aniyaMtrita rUpa se calAye to ghAtaka bhI bana jAtA hai|

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360 ThIka usI prakAra azubha karmabaMdha mAnava ko naraka meM le jAte haiM aura zubha karma mAnava ko uccagati prApta karAte haiN| karma kI mahattA sabhI kSetroM meM __ Aja vizva meM cAroM ora karma, karma aura karma kI AvAjeM A rahI haiN| kyA pArivArika, kyA sAmAjika, kyA Arthika aura kyA rAjanaitika isI prakAra naitika, dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika Adi jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM karma ko pradhAnatA dI jA rahI hai| bhAratIya dharmoM aura darzanoM ne hI nahIM, pAzcAtya dharmoM aura darzanoM ne bhI eka yA dUsare prakAra se karma kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| pazcimI dezoM meM Good deed aura Bad deed ke nAma se karma zabda pracalita hai| jaina darzana ne hI nahIM bhArata ke mImAMsA, vedAMta, yoga, sAMkhya, bauddha aura gItA Adi darzanoM ne bhI karma ko eka yA dUsare prakAra se mAnA hai| cArvAka darzana ne AtmA kA astitva na mAnakara bhI acche aura bure kArya ke rUpa meM karma ko mAnA hai| isa prakAra jhopaDI se lekara mahaloM taka karma zabda gUMja rahA hai| jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa aura kSaNa-kSaNa meM karma ramA huA hai| koI bhI jIvita prANI karma kiye binA raha nahIM sktaa| bhArata ke prasiddha saMta tulasIdAsa jI ne kahA hai karma pradhAna vizva kari rAkhA, jo jasa karahi so tasa phala caakhaa| yaha vizva karma pradhAna hai, jo prANI jaisA karma karatA hai vaisA hI phala prApta karatA hai| siddhAMta cAhe kitanA bhI U~cA ho kiMtu vyAvahArika dharAtala para yA dainika jIvana meM upayogI siddha na hotA ho to vaha kevala havAI kalpanA hI hai| vahI siddhAMta jIvita hai jo vyAvahArika jIvana meM kharA utaratA ho| isa dRSTi se karma siddhAMta bhI mAtra kore Adarza kI AkAzI uDDAna nahIM hai, apitu Adarza ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana ke dainika vyavahAra meM bhI vaha kadama-kadama para upayogI hai| yadi karmasiddhAMta ko jIvana kI hara choTI bar3I ghaTanAoM ke sAtha joDa diyA jAye to manuSya azubha karma karane se baca sakatA hai| isase usake vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI kahIM gatirodha nahIM aataa| isa prakAra zubha-azubha pariNAmoM ko dekhakara vyaktiyoM ke zubha-azubha vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA karma ke dvArA kI jAtI hai| inhIM zubhAzubha vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA se karma siddhAMta ne dArzanika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| vaha kahatA hai, 'acche karmoM kA phala zubha hotA hai aura bure karmoM kA phala azubha hotA hai| isase yaha spaSTa siddha ho jAtA hai ki karma siddhAMta mAnava tathA mAnavetara samasta prANiyoM ke dainika vyavahAroM kI vyAkhyA karma ke dvArA prastuta karatA hai|

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361 itanA hI nahIM jo loga karma siddhAMta para AkSepa karate haiM ki karmavAda isa janma meM prApta sukha-duHkharUpa phala kI saMgati pUrvajanma meM kiye gaye karmoM ke sAtha biThAtA hai, unake isa AkSepa kA bhI khaMDana ho jAtA hai| cAhe isa janma meM kiye gaye karmoM kA phala ho yA pUrvajanmakRta karmoM kA phala ho kiMtu kahalAtA vaha pUrvakRta karma hI hai / pUrvakRta meM isa janma ke aura pUrvajanma ke karma bhI A jAte haiM, isalie yaha ni:saMdeha kahA jA sakatA hai karma siddhAMta Adarza yA siddhAMta kI vyAkhyA nahIM karatA apitu karma ke dvArA vyavahArika jIvana kI vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai / karma siddhAMta kA eka mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai- 'acche karmoM kA phala acchA hotA hai aura bure karmoM kA phala burA hotA hai|' yaha sUtra jIvana ko naitika aura vyavahArika dRSTi se unnata banAne kA AdhAra banatA hai / jaba manuSya kI yaha dhAraNA pakkI bana jAtI hai ki bure karmoM kA phala burA milatA hai, taba use burAI se bacane kI preraNA milatI hai| karma siddhAMta ke anusAra AcaraNa karane se manuSya ke jIvana meM pramAda kI mAtrA kama ho jAtI hai| kaSAya maMda se maMdatara ho jAte haiM aura bhoga ke prati ruci bhI karma ho jAtI hai| spaSTa hai ki karmasiddhAMta Asrava aura baMdha se bacane tathA saMvara - nirjarA ke anusAra calane kA saMdeza detA hai| karmasiddhAMta ke anusAra vyavahArika jIvana meM hara kadama para sAvadhAnI rakhakara cale to manuSya bahuta kucha aMzoM meM pApa karmoM se baca sakatA hai| prathamaprakaraNa - karmasiddhAMta ke mUla graMtha Agama vAGmaya isa prathama prakaraNa meM jaina darzana aura sAhitya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| aitihAsi dRSTi se jainadharma kAla kI sImA meM Abaddha nahIM hai, vaha anAdi hai / vibhinna yugoM meM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA karmasiddhAMta ke viSaya meM vizleSaNa hotA rahA hai| saMyama, virati, sAdhanA, tapazcaraNa, zIla, sadbhAvanA Adi AcAra mUlaka siddhAMta karmavAda aura anekAMtavAda darzana para AdhArita . hai / vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita siddhAMta hameM AgamoM ke rUpa meM prApta hai| karmasiddhAMta jaina dharma aura darzana para AdhArita hai| jisa para sAdhanA ke bahumukhI AyAma Azrita haiN| aSTakarmoM ko naSTa karanA sAdhanA kA carama lakSya hai| AgamoM aura pazcAtvartI jaina sAhitya meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM AThoM hI karmoM para vividha dRSTiyoM se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / Agama Adi graMtha jainadharma aura darzana ke mUla srota haiM / jaina paraMparA meM apane siddhAMtoM ke anurUpa sAhitya kA bahumukhI vikAsa huA hai / AgamoM para tathA anya mahattvapUrNa graMthoM para vyAkhyAyeM likhI aura svataMtra graMthoM kI racanA kI, sAhitya kA bahumukhI vikAsa huaa| sAhitya sarjana kA yaha krama niraMtara gatizIla rhaa| prAkRta aura saMskRta meM vipula sAhitya racA gyaa| loka bhASAoM meM bhI racanAoM kA vaha krama vikAsazIla rhaa| ,

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362 jaina Agama tathA usase saMbaMdhita pazcAtvarti sAhitya isa karma siddhAMta ke prabaMdha kA mukhya sAdhana hai| karma siddhAMta kA svarUpa aura vizleSaNa spaSTa karane meM yaha upayogI hogaa| isI dRSTikoNa se prathama prakaraNa meM saMkSepa meM AgamoM, unakA vyAkhyA sAhitya tathA itara sAhitya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jaina dharma kA srota anAdikAla se gatizIla hai| yaha ni:saMdeha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai ki Aja bhI jaina dhArmika paraMparA jaisI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM thI, usI prakAra sAdhusAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikAmaya caturvidha saMgha ke rUpa meM akhaMDita vidyamAna hai| anya dhArmika paraMparAe~ Aja apane prAcInatama AcAra saMhitA mUlarUpa meM dRSTi gocara nahIM hotiiN| jainadharma kA sAhitya bhaMDAra baDA vizAla hai| AgamoM ke saMbaMdha meM pUrva pRSToM meM yaha ullekha kiyA hI jA cukA hai ki prAcIna bhAratIya jIvana samAja evaM ciMtanadhArA para bar3e vyApaka rUpa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| __ Agamottara-kAla meM vividha zailiyoM meM vipula mAtrA meM sAhitya racA gyaa| jaina sAhityakAroM, kaviyoM aura lekhakoM kA isa bAta kI ora sadA se hI vizeSa dhyAna rahA ki ve aise graMthoM kI racanA kareM, jinase sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko to lAbha hotA hI hai, gRhastha-jijJAsuoM aura sAdhakoM ko bhI mArgadarzana evaM preraNA prApta hotI hai| ___ Agama samAja kI anupama nidhi hai| use samAja kA darpaNa kahA jAtA hai| jisa taraha darpaNa meM vyakti kA AkAra dRSTi gocara hotA hai, vaise hI sAhitya aura Agama meM samAja kA sajIva citraNa vidyamAna rahatA hai| vaha kabhI purAtana nahIM hotaa| jitanI bAra usakA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai, use paDhA jAtA hai, utanI hI usameM navInatA prApta hotI hai| kSaNe-kSaNe yajavAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyaH / jo pratikSaNa navInatA prApta karatA jAe, vahI ramaNIyatA yA suMdaratA kA rUpa hai, arthAt sAhitya kA sauMdarya kabhI purAtana nahIM hotA, kabhI miTatA nahIM, isalie usameM samagra mAnava jAti kA AkarSaNa, hita evaM kalyANa, sannihita rahatA hai| - isa dRSTi se jaina-sAhitya kI anupama vizeSatA hai| usase sahasrAbdiyoM tathA zatAbdiyoM se koTi-koTi janatA lAbhAnvita hotI rahI hai| Aja bhI sAhitya apane usI prAcIna gaurava ke lie prasiddha hai| sAhitya ko satyaM zivam suMdaram kahA jAtA hai| vaha suMdara hone ke sAtha-sAtha satya hai| traikAlika zAzvatatA lie hue hai| tathA ziva yA parama kalyANakArI hai|

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363 jisa samAja evaM dharma kA sAhitya jIvita hotA hai| vaha samAja aura dharma kabhI maratA nahIM, miTatA nhiiN| vaha ajaraamara hotA hai| jaina sAhitya isI koTi meM AtA hai| vibhinna vidyAoM kI zailiyoM meM - padyAtmaka, gItAtmaka, gadyAtmaka Adi rUpoM meM darzana viSayaka sUtragraMtha, mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya, muktakAvya, caMpukAvya, caritakAvya, kathAnaka, rAsa ityAdi aneka prakAra kI racanAyeM huii| una saba meM lekhakoM kA, racanAkAroM kA mukhya uddezya yahI rahA ki jana-jana ko dhArmika jIvana apanAne kI preraNA prApta ho| loga AdhyAtmika utthAna ke patha para Age bddh'eN| saMyama, zIla, tyAga, vairAgya, tapa, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi kI dizAoM meM sadaiva pragati karate jaayeN| isa prakAra niraMtara Age bar3hate hue janma-maraNa se chUTa jAye, mokSa-lakSmI yA siddhAvasthA ko prApta kreN| bhAratIya saMskRti kI prAcInatA, jainadharma ke (kAlacakra) chaha ArA kI mAnyatA, zramaNa saMskRti kI vizeSatA ityAdi viSayoM kA varNana prathama prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra anaMta caubIsI ho gaI haiM, unameM se vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke caubIsa tIrthaMkara aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vivecana isa prathama prakaraNa meM darzAyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza aura zruta paraMparA isa viSaya para Alekhana kiyA huA hai| jaina dharmagraMtha, Agama, AgamasAhitya kI tIna vAcayAe~ unakA vibhAjana, vargIkaraNa aura battIsa AgamoM meM karmasiddhAMta kA varNana tathA AgamoM kI vizeSatAe~ Adi kA prathama prakaraNa meM varNana kiyA huA hai| jaina dharma ke mukhya siddhAMta aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA Agama graMthoM meM gaNadhara bhagavaMtoM ne jo uttama prakAra se saMkalana kiyA hai, vaha jainadharma ko samajhane ke lie anivArya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza AgamoM ke panne-panne para hI nahIM, lekina zabda-zabda meM gUMthA huA hai, isalie Agama graMtha kA jaina samAja para mahAna upakAra hai| vizva ke AdhyAtmika kSetra meM bhI usakA adbhuta prabhAva hai| jainadharma ko saMpUrNa rIti se samajhane ke lie Agama graMthoM ke abhyAsa kI nitAMta AvazyakatA hai, isalie prastuta prakaraNa meM zramaNa saMskRti kI vizeSatA aura AgamoM meM karma-siddhAMta kA saMkSepa meM paricayAtmaka vivaraNa dene kA vinamra prayatna kiyA hai| dvitIyaprakaraNa - karma kA astitva jaina darzana ko samajhane kI kuMjI hai - 'karmasiddhAMta' / yaha nizcita hai ki samagradarzana evaM tattvajJAna kA AdhAra hai AtmA aura AtmA kI vividha dazAoM, svarUpoM kA vivecana evaM usake parivartanoM kA rahasya udghATita karatA hai 'karmasiddhAMta' / isalie jaina darzana ko samajhane ke lie karmasiddhAMta ko samajhanA anivArya hai|

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364 dvitIya prakaraNa meM karma ke astitva ke viSaya meM prakAza DAlA hai| isameM indrabhUti gautama kI AtmA viSayaka zaMkA aura usakA nivAraNa, jJAnaguNa ke dvArA AtmA kA astitva, zarIrAdi bhoktA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi, paraloka ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi, upAdAna kAraNoM ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi, Agama pramANa se AtmA kA astitva, AtmA kA asAdhAraNa guNa caitanya, jahA~ karma vahA~ saMsAra, saMsArI dazA kA mukhya kAraNa karma ityAdi vividha dRSTi-koNoM se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| * karma ke AvaraNoM ke nirodha mUlaka saMvara ke lie jina prabala Atma pariNAmoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai vaha tapa ke dvArA, dhyAna ke dvArA, abhyAsa dvArA, karmakSaya kiyA jAtA hai| puna: puna: saMsAra sAgara meM paribhramaNa karAnevAlA karmapravAha avaruddha ho jAtA hai| jo AdhyAtmika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai| cirakAla se lipta karmamala dhulatA jAtA hai, * yaha dUsarI AdhyAtmika upalabdhi hai jisakA ullekha AgamoM meM Agamagata anuyogoM meM tathA karmagranthoM meM huA hai ina doMno AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoM se yaha paramotkRSTa pariNAma prasphuTita hotA hai| jisake lie jIva anaMtakAla se vyAkula hai| dArzanika bhASA meM jIva ko saMsAra paribhramaNa aura karmoM se mukti/mokSa prApta karanA isase baDhakara isa trailokya meM dUsarI koI upalabdhi nahIM hai, karmakSaya kA yaha mahattama lakSya hai| karma astitva kA mUlAdhAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kyoM mAne? pUrvajanma ke samaya zarIra naSTa hotA hai AtmA nahIM, pratyakSajJAniyoM dvArA pUrvajanma kA vRttAMta, pratyakSa jJAniyoM aura bhAratIya manISiyoM dvArA punarjanmakI siddhi, Rgveda meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa, upaniSada meM karma aura punarjanma kA ullekha, bhagavatgItA meM karma aura punarjanma kA ullekha, bauddha darzana meM karma aura punarjanma, sAMkhyadarzana meM karma aura punarjanma yoga darzana meM karma aura punarjanma, pUrva janma ke vaira-virodha kI smRti se pUrvajanma kI siddhi, pAzcAtya graMthoM meM punarjanma kI siddhi Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA vistRta vizleSaNa yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| karma ke astitva ko siddha karane ke lie AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA ___ isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki jainadarzana Adi jitane bhI Astika darzana haiM unhoMne karma ko AtmA ke dvArA kartA mAnA hai| AtmA ko hI karmoM kA kartA, phala bhoktA, kSaya kartA evaM vicitratAoM va vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai| karmoM kA nirodha evaM kSaya karane kA puruSArtha bhI AtmA hI karatI hai| ata: karma kA kSaya svataMtra astitva siddha karane se pUrva AtmA kA svataMtra astitva siddha karanA anivArya smjhaa| / pUrvajanma aura punarjanma hone ke sAtha hI AtmA aura karma kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai| kucha dharmasaMpradAya AtmA ko mAnate hue bhI usakA pUrvajanma tathA punarjanma nahIM maante|

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365 cArvAka to AtmA ko hI nahIM mAnate, ve to usI janma meM paMcabhUtoM se utpanna caitanya zarIra ke naSTa hone ke sAtha hI naSTa honA mAnate haiN| cArvAka darzana kA kahanA hai ki __ RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibeta bhasmi bhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH|| nAstika matoM kA nirAkaraNa karma siddhAMta ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki AtmA sacetana hote hue bhI acetana (paudgalika) karma ke sAtha usakI yAtrA, pravAharUpa se anAdi anaMta hai, kiMtu vyaktigata rUpa se anAdi sAMta bhI hai, jaise prati samaya karma bA~dhate haiM vaise karmoM kA kSaya, kSayopazama yA upazama bhI saMvara aura nirjarA ke kAraNa hotA rahatA hai| AtmA ke sAtha karmoM ke saMyoga ke kAraNa vaha vibhinna gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM taba taka paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai jaba taka vaha sarva karmoM se mukta nahIM ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se karma ke kAraNa jIva kA eka janma ke zarIra kA aMta hokara dUsare janma meM jAnA punarjanma hai| karmavijJAna ne isa pariNAmI nityatva ke kAraNa karmamukta AtmA kA pUrvajanma aura punarjanma sarvajJoM dvArA pratyakSa pramANa se siddha kiyA hai| Agama pramANa se evaM vartamAna yuga meM parAmanovaijJAnikoM evaM jaiva vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA jaina, bauddha, vaiSNava Adi vibhinna dharma saMpradAyoM ne jAtismaraNa (pUrvajanma kI smRti) jJAna se prAmANika karake pratyakSa siddha kiyA hai| ata: pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI vibhinna saccI ghaTanAe~ tathA pUrvajanma ke mAnavoM dvArA pretayoni meM janma lekara mAnavoM ko apanA astitva ko karma-vijJAna ne siddha karake dikhAyA hai| isa prakaraNa meM aneka prakAra se vivecana kiyA hai| . karma astitva kaba se kaba taka? tAttvika dRSTi se karma aura jIva kA sAdi aura anAdi saMbaMdha, AtmA anAdi hai to kyA karma bhI anAdi hai? bhavya jIva aura abhavyajIva ke lakSaNa Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jisa prakAra svarNa aura miTTI kA, dUdha aura ghI kA saMbaMdha anAdi mAnane para bhI manuSya ke prayatna vizeSa dvArA inheM pRthak-pRthak kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha pravAharUpa se anAdi hote hue bhI donoM ko mahAvrata, samiti-gupti, dazavidha-dharma, anuprekSA, pariSahajaya, cAritrArAdhanA, bAhyAbhyaMtara tapa Adi se pRthak-pRthak kiyA jAtA hai| ata: AtmA aura karma kA abhavya jIvoM kI apekSA se anAdi anaMta, bhavyajIva kI apekSA se pravAhata: anAdisAnta aura eka bhavya sAdhaka ke vizeSa karma kI apekSA se sAdisAMta hai, yaha bhI karma siddhAMta ne siddha kara diyA hai ki pravAha rUpa se anaMta jIvoM kI apekSA se saMsAra anAdi anaMta hai; kiMtu eka vyakti kI apekSA se janmamaraNa, karma Adi kA aMta hone se vaha anAdi sAMta bhI hai| jaba taka karma hai taba taka saMsAra hai, jaba karma kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAyegA, taba saMsAra kA aMta hokara mokSa ho jaayegaa|

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366 karmakSaya kI prakriyA jaina dharma kI prANapratiSThA hai, jisase siddha paramAtmA sarvocca zikharasiddhAlaya para suzobhita haiN| sAdhaka se sAdhanA mArga zuru hotA hai| vaha dharma ke dvArA karma ke bhAra se mukta hotA hai tathA karmakSaya karane kI kalA AtmasAta kara letA hai| jaina dharma meM sAdhaka ko karmasiddhAMta samajhanA yaha mUla pAyA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki isa zodha prabaMdha meM jainadharma meM karmasiddhAMta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tRtIyaprakaraNa - karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana bhAratavarSa meM jitane bhI tIrthaMkara, sarvajJa, kevalajJAnI, RSimuni, sAdhusaMta, zramaNopAsaka, sAdhaka hue haiM, una sabhI ne apane-apane DhaMga se adhyAtma sAdhanA karate samaya AtmA ke sAtha janmajanmAMtara se baddha karma ko AtmA se pRthak karane kA puruSArtha kiyA hai| una AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM ne jJAna, darzana, cAritra tathA rUpa mahAvratoM kI sAdhanA karate samaya rAga-dveSa moha hiMsAdi azuddha sAdhanA, mithyAdRSTi Adi dUSita bAteM na apanAne kA dhyAna rkhaa| AtmaguNoM ke vighAtaka aSTa karmoM kA kSaya karake ve svayaM vItarAga. sarvajJa. jIvanamakta paramAtmA baneM aura unhoMne bhavya jIvoM ko karma se mukta hone kA anubhava jJAnarUpa prasAda vitarita kiyaa| tRtIya prakaraNa meM karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana isakA vizeSa vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| usakA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai- karmapravAha toDe binA paramAtmA nahIM banate, karmavAda kA AvirbhAva kA kAraNa, bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke dvArA kAlAnusAra jIvana jIne kI preraNA, karmamukti ke lie dharmapradhAna samAja kA nirmANa, bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke dvArA dharma, karma, saMskRti Adi kA zrIgaNeza, bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA karmavAda kA prathama upadeza, karmavAda kA AvirbhAva kyoM aura kaba? tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane yuga meM karmavAda kA AvirbhAva Adi viSayoM kA vizleSaNa isa prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| karmavAda kA AvirbhAva jaina karmavijJAna marmajJoM ke samakSa yaha prazna AyA ki jaina dRSTi se karmasiddhAMta kA AvirbhAva kaba se haA? to unhoMne Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke jIvana para AdyopAMta dRSTipAta kiyA hai| tIrthaMkara paraMparA se pUrva bhogabhUmi kA vAtAvaraNa thA, jisameM prANI ko AjIvikA ke lie kucha bhI nahIM karanA paDatA thaa| kalpavRkSa dvArA sArI jIvanopayogitA pUrNa hotI thii| pUrvopArjita karmoM kA bhoga jIva karatA thaa| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke janma se isa paraMparA meM parivartana hone lgaa| phalasvarUpa AjIvikA ke lie prANI ko karma karane kI apekSA huii| tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne karmabhUmi kA prarvatana kiyaa| asi-masi-kRSi Adi lalita-kalAoM kA sUtrapAta Ama janatA ke sAmane kiyaa| ina karmoM ko dharma maryAdA meM karate hue karma kA nirodha karane ke sAtha pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie samyagdRSTipUrvaka

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367 zuddha dharma kA prazikSaNa evaM upadeza diyaa| unhoMne batAyA ki AtmA ke sAtha karma pratikSaNa baMdhatA hai| vaise hI dharma puruSArtha se karma chUTa bhI sakate haiN| bhagavAna RSabhadeva se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva bhI huA, unhoMne AtmA ke sAtha lage hue karmoM kA nirodha, kSaya karane hetu agAra dharma se aNagAra dharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| Ama janatA ko bhI apane jIvana dvArA ina donoM dharmoM kA upadeza diyaa| donoM dharmoM kA lakSya eka hI thaa| sarva karma se mukti pAnA, isalie karmavAda ke prathama upadezaka, AviSkAra karanevAle evaM preraka bhagavAna RSabhadeva kahe jAte haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA karma kA AvirbhAva, jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA samutthAnakAla, karmavAda ke samutthAna kA mUlasrota, karmavAda kA vikAsakrama, vizva vaicitrya ke pA~ca kAraNa, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, karmavAda aura puruSArthavAda, mokSa prApti meM paMcakAraNa samavAya, sarvatra pA~ca kAraNa se kAryasiddhi Adi viSayoM para vivecana isa prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| ___avasarpiNI kAla ke kAlakrama meM hue caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne apane apane yuga meM karmasiddhAMta kI anubhUti ke AdhAra para pracAra prasAra kiyaa| eka tIrthaMkara ke pazcAt dUsare tIrthaMkara hone para lAkhoM varSa nikala jAte haiN| itane laMbe kAla meM janatA kI tattvajJAna kI smRti, dhAraNA paraMparA dhUmila ho jAtI hai, isa kAraNa bIca-bIca meM karmavAda kA tirobhAva ho jAtA hai| ____ karmavAda kA samutthAna kaba se aura kinake dvArA huA? to jaina vijJAna vizAradoM ne eka mata se yaha nirdhArita kiyA ki vartamAna meM jitanA bhI tattvajJAna hai tathA jo bhI Agama yA dvAdazAMga zAstra haiM, ve sabhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza kI saMpatti haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane jIvana ke anubhavoM se karma siddhAMta kA pracAra prasAra kiyA, isalie karmavAda ke Adya samutthAna kA zreya bhagavAna mahAvIra ko hai aura ise hI samutthAnakAla samajhanA caahie| karmavijJAna ke tattvajJoM ne karma siddhAMta ke pratyeka pahaluoM para sAMgopAMga ciMtana, manana evaM vizleSaNa kiyA hai| jaina karmamarmajJoM ne karmavAda kI vyApakatA kI ora sarvAdhika dhyAna diyA hai| karmavAda ke saMbaMdha meM aneka graMthoM kI racanA hii| jinakI vyAkhyA jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM ko sparza karatI hai| jaina karma siddhAMta vaijJAnikoM ne vizvavaicitrya kI vyAkhyA karmavAda ke AdhAra para kii| sAtha hI unhoMne pratyeka kArya meM nimnokta pA~ca kAraNoM para vicAra karanA anivArya btaayaa| 1) kAla, 2) svabhAva, 3) niyati, 4) karma, 5) purussaarth| jaina karma vaijJAnikoM ne pratyeka pravRtti, kArya yA ghaTanA ye pA~ca kAraNoM kI mukhyatA yA gauNatA ke AdhAra para mAnA hai|

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368 pA~ca kAraNoM kI samIkSA saMsAra ke pratyeka kArya uparokta pA~coM kAraNoM ke mela se hotA hai| yaha udAharaNoM se siddha karake batAyA hai tathA aMta meM niSkarSa ke rUpa meM karma aura puruSArtha ina donoM ko puruSArtha ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| vartamAna meM kiyA jAne vAlA udyama puruSArtha hai tathA bhUtakAla meM kiyA pUrvakRta puruSArtha karma hai| pA~ca kAraNoM meM se prathama tIna kAraNa kAla, svabhAva aura niyati yaha jaDa se saMbaMdhita haiM, aura aMtima do kAraNa karma aura puruSArtha ye cetana se saMbaMdhita haiM, isalie puruSArthavAda ko hI karmakSaya meM mukhya kAraNa mAnakara saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa kI ora gati-pragati karane kI preraNA karmasiddhAMta detA hai, kyoMki cetanA kA sva-puruSArtha hI pA~coM kAraNoM meM uttaradAyI hai| 'karma' zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM karmoM kA sArvabhauma sAmrAjya hai, karma aura usake phala para vizvAsa rakhanA caahie| vyavahAra meM karma zabda kA prayoga vibhinna arthoM meM hotA hai| samasta zArIrika, mAnasika, vAcika kriyAoM ko karma kahA jAtA hai| kisI spaMdana, halacala yA kriyA ke lie karma zabda kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ... vaiyyAkaraNoM ne karmakAraka artha meM karma zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaidika paraMparA meM yajJa-yAga ko 'karma' kahA hai| cAroM varSoM meM nizcita kartavyoM ko evaM maryAdA pAlana karane ko karma kahA hai, paurANika mata ke anusAra dhArmika kriyAko karma kahate haiM, gItA meM AkAMkSA rahita anAsakta bhAva se kiyA gayA kArya 'karma' kahA gayA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika ina tInoM prakAra kI kriyA ke artha meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jIvAtmA ke dvArA mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya evaM yoga Adi hetuoM (kAraNoM) se jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, vaha karma hai| karma ke do rUpa- dravya aura bhaavkrm| dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI prakriyA, karma saMskArarUpa bhI aura pudgalarUpa bhI, AtmA kI vaibhAvika kriyA karma, pramAda hI saMskAra rUpa karma (Asrava) kA kAraNa, kArmaNa zarIra kArya bhI hai aura kAraNa bhI hai, jIva pudgala karma cakra Adi viSayoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa isa prakaraNa meM kiyA hai| jaina darzana meM karma ke samasta svarUpa ko sarvAgINa rUpa se samajhane ke lie karma ke bhAvAtmaka aura dravyAtmaka donoM pakSoM para vizadarUpa se vicAra kiyA hai| jJAnAvaraNIya pudgala dravya kA piMDa 'dravyakarma' hai aura usakI cetanA ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti athavA usa piMDa meM phala dene kI zakti 'bhAvakarma' hai| 'dravyakarma' meM pudgala kI mukhyatA aura Atmika

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369 tattva kI gauNatA hotI hai jabaki bhAva karma meM Atmika tattva kI mukhyatA aura paudgalika tattva kI gauNatA hotI hai| karma sAMsArika prANiyoM ke jIvana meM ba~dhA huA eka niyama hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki jo niyama hai, dharma hai; vaha dhruva hai, nitya hai, zAzvata hai, jinopadiSTa hai / ' vaha niyama isa prakAra hai- jahA~ svAbhAvika kriyA nahIM hai, vaibhAvika kriyA hai vahA~ AtmA karma se baddha hotI hai, isalie karma kevala saMskAra rUpa hI na hokara pudgala rUpa bhI hai| kriyA pratikriyA ke rUpa meM niyamAnusAra karmabaddha jIva AtmA ke rAgAdi pariNAmajanya saMskAra ke rUpa meM rahate haiM, phira AtmA meM sthita prAcIna karmoM ke sAtha hI naye karmabaMdhana kI prApti hotI rahatI hai| isa prakAra paraMparA se kadAcit karmabaddha amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta karmadravya kA saMbaMdha hai| saMsArI jIva aura karma ke isa anAdi saMbaMdha ko jIva pudgala karmacakra ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra karmavAda eka aitihAsika paryAlocana kA isa tRtIya prakaraNa meM vistArapUrvaka tunalAtmaka dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai, jise saralatApUrvaka loga samajha sakeM / mAnava jIvana ko unnata aura tejasvI banAne ke lie dharma hI zreSTha hai / dharma se AtmA kA vikAsa hotA hai| jisako dharma kI ruci hotI hai, vahI apane bA~dhe hue karmoM ko kSaya karane meM - sakSama hotA hai aura usake dvArA hI siddhatva kI ora prayANa kara sakatA hai| karmakSayarUpI puSpa kI mAlA jo sAdhaka dhAraNa karegA usakA jIvana vairAgyarUpI sadguNoM se suMgadhita hogA aura rAga-dveSa karmarUpI durgaMdha dUra hogI taba sAdhaka zIghrAtizIghra vItarAgatA ko prApta karake siddhabuddha - mukta hogaa| caturthaprakaraNa - karma kA virATa svarUpa puSpa meM jaise suMgadha, tila meM jaise tela, dUdha meM jaise malAI, dhAtu meM jaise miTTI, lohe ke gole meM jaise agni usI prakAra Atma pradezoM meM karma pudgala kA samAveza hotA hai| AtmA ke sAtha rAga-dveSAdi ke kAraNa karma pudgala kSIra-nIra kI taraha ekIbhUta ho jAte haiN| karma jaba taka rahate haiM, taba taka jIva saMsAra meM vividha gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM vividha prakAra ke zarIra dhAraNa karake paribhramaNa karate rahate haiM, nAnA duHkha uThAte haiM tathA bhayaMkara se bhayaMkara yAtanAe~ sahana karate haiM, isalie sAdhaka ko ina karmoM ko AtmA se pRthak karanA Avazyaka hai| tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba karma ke svarUpa ko vyakti jAna le / kamala ke vikAsa meM sUrya nimitta banatA hai, kumudoM ke vikAsa meM caMdra nimitta banatA hai, aMdhakAra ko dUra karane meM prakAza nimitta banatA hai, Atmonnati ke vikAsa meM dharma nimitta

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370 banatA hai, mokSa prApti meM jJAnAvaraNIyakarma, darzanAvaraNIyakarma, vedanIyakarma, mohanIyakarma, AyuSyakarma, nAmakarma, gotrakarma aura aMtarAyakarma Adi AThakamoM kA kSaya nimitta banate haiN| AThakarmoM meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura aMtarAya Adi ghAtikarma haiM; aura vedanIyakarma, AyuSyakarma, nAmakarma aura gotrakarma aghAtikarma haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya jJAnarUpI guNa ko DhAMkane vAlA karma jJAnAvaraNIyakarma hai| jo karma jJAna nahIM hone detA, use jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| jisa prakAra A~kha para paTTI bA~dhane se vastu nahIM dikhAI detI usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma jJAna ko AvRta karatA hai, isase jJAna nahIM hotaa| jJAnAvaraNIya 'karma cha: prakAra se ba~dhatA hai aura usakA phala 10 prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| jJAna ke pA~ca bheda haiM matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaH paryAyajJAna aura kevalajJAna / darzanAvaraNIya karma kA nirUpaNa, darzanAvaraNIya karma chaH prakAre bA~dhate haiM aura 9 prakAra bhoge jAte haiM tathA darzanAvaraNIya karma kA prabhAva / darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA ke darzanaguNoM ko rokane vAlA 'karma' 'darzanAvaraNIya karma' hai, jo darzana arthAt - anubhUti meM bAdhaka banatA hai vaha 'darzanAvaraNIya' karma hai| jisa prakAra dvArapAla rAjA ke darzana nahIM hone detA usI prakAra yaha karma sAmAnya bodha nahIM hone detaa| darzanAvaraNIya karma Atma 6 prakAra se baMdhatA haha aura 9 prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| vedanIyakarma kA vistAra, sAtA - asAtA kA vistAra sAtA - asAtA karma kA phalAnubhAva / vedanIyakarma . jisase sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai vaha vedanIyakarma hai| vedanIyakarma kA svabhAva madhu se lipta huI teja talavAra ke samAna hai| use cATane para vaha mIThI lagatI hai, lekina jivhA ko kATatI hai, usI prakAra vedanIyakarma sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAtA hai| vedanIyakarma ke do bheda : sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya karma / yaha daza prakAra se hai aura 12 prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| mohanIya mohanIya karma kA nirUpaNa, mohanIya karma kA vistAra, cAritramohanIya karma kA svarUpa,

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371 darzana mohanIyakarma kI tIna prakRtiyA~, cAritra mohanIyakarma ke do bheda, kaSAyacAritramohanIyakarma kI 16 prakRtiyA~ nau kaSAya cAritra mohanIyakarma kI 9 prakRtiyA~ haiN| mohanIya karma samyaktva aura cAritra guNoM kA ghAta karanevAlA karma mohanIya karma hai| mohanIyakarma kA svabhAva madirA jaisA hai, jisa prakAra madirA jIva ko bebhAna kara detI hai, usI prakAra mohanIyakarma jIva ke viveka ko naSTa kara detA hai| mohanIyakarma ke do bheda : 1) darzana mohanIyakarma, 2) cAritra mohniiy| mohanIyakarma 6 prakAre bA~dhA jAtA hai aura pA~ca prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| AyuSyakarma - AyuSyakarma kA nirUpaNa, AyuSyakarma kA vistAra, AyuSyakarma 16 prakAre bA~dhe aura cAra prakAra se bhoge jAte haiN| AyuSyakarma kA prabhAva Adi viSayoM kA vivecana isa prakaraNa meM hai| jo karma jIva ko kisI gati vizeSa meM, zarIra vizeSa se bA~dhe rakhatA hai, use AyuSyakarma kahate haiN| jisase janma hotA hai vaha AyuSyakarma hai| AyuSyakarma kA svabhAva hathakaDI ke samAna hai, jisa prakAra hathakaDiyA~ sajA kI avadhi taka bA~dhe rakhatI hai, usI prakAra Ayukarma bhI AyuSya kI samApti taka jIva ko zarIra vizeSa se bA~dhakara rakhatA hai| AyuSyakarma cAra prakAra se bA~dhA jAtA hai aura usakA phala 16 prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| nAmakarma . jisa karma se jIva ke zarIra kI nirmiti hotI hai, vaha nAmakarma hai| jisase viziSTa gati, jAti Adi kI prApti hotI hai, use nAmakarma kahate haiN| nAmakarma kA svabhAva citrakAra ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra citrakAra aneka AkAra banAtA hai usI prakAra yaha karma, manuSya, tiryaMca Adi zarIra banAtA hai| nAmakarma ke do bheda - 1) zubhanAmakarma, 2) azubhanAmakarma / zubhanAmakarma baMdha cAra prakAra se hotA hai aura 14 prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| azubhanAmakarma cAra prakAra se bAMdhA jAtA hai aura caudaha prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| , nAmakarma kA nirUpaNa, nAmakarma kA vistAra, nAmakarma ATha prakAra se bA~dhA jAtA hai| nAmakarma 28 prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai, nAmakarma kA prabhAva / gotrakarma gotrakarma kA nirUpaNa, gotrakarma kI 16 prakRtiyA~, gotrakarma 16 prakAra se bhogeM tathA

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372 gotrakarma kA prabhAva Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai| jisa karma udaya se jIva ko pratiSThita yA apratiSThita kula meM janma hotA hai vaha gotrakarma hai athavA ucca-nIca avasthA prApta hotI hai use gotrakarma kahate haiN| gotrakarma kA svabhAva kuMbhakAra ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra kuMbhakAra choTe baDe aneka kuMbha banAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha nAmakarma uccanIca gotra prApta karAtA hai| gotrakarma do prakAra kA hai- uccagotra aura niic| uccagotra aura nIcagotra ATha prakArase bA~dhA jAtA hai| aura ATha prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| aMtarAyakarma . aMtarAya karma kA nirUpaNa, aMtarAya karma kI pA~ca prakatiyA~, aMtarAya karmabaMdha ke pA~ca kAraNa, aMtarAya karma pA~ca prakAra se bhoge, aMtarAya karma kA prbhaav| __dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya meM vighna paidA karane vAlA karma 'aMtarAya karma' hai| aMtarAya karma kA svabhAva rAjA ke khajAnacI ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra rAjA kI icchA ke binA rAjA kA khajAnacI dAna nahIM kara sakatA, aMtarAyakarma dAnAdi dene nahIM detaa| aMtarAya karma pA~ca prakAre bA~dhA jAtA hai| aura pA~ca prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| isa prakaraNa meM karmabaMdha kI parivartanIya avasthA ke dasa kAraNa, karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa rAga-dveSa, rAga aura dveSa meM nukasAna kAraka kauna? prazastarAga, aprazastarAga aura unake prakAra Adi viSayoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| * isa prakaraNa meM ATha karmoM kA navanIta rUpa saMkSipta meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| vivecana meM samIkSAtmaka dRSTi rakhI gaI hai, isalie jahA~ jahA~ apekSita lagA hai vahA~ vahA~ jainetara vicAradhArAoM ko tulanAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| siddhatva kI gauravamaya laMbI yAtrA karmakSaya karane para pUrNa hotI hai| AMtarika pavitratA, ujjvalatA aura vizuddhatA Adi karmakSaya para AdhArita hai| isa prakaraNa meM karma kA virATa svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM kiyA gayA nirUpaNa siddhAvasthA yA mokSamArga ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| prAya: ina sabhI mahattvapUrNa pakSoM ko savistAra rUpa meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, jisakA jJAna mumukSuoM ke lie nizcaya hI lAbhaprada hogaa| paMcamaprakaraNa - karmoM kI prakriyA . prastuta zodhagraMtha ke paMcama prakaraNa meM pudgala se jIva parataMtra banatA hai, karma vijetA tIrthaMkara, AtmA zarIra ke saMbaMdha se puna: puna: karmabaMdha, sukha duHkha jIva ke karmAdhIna, pratyeka

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373 AtmA svayaMbhU zakti saMpanna, karma chAyA kI taraha, karma ke niyama meM koI apavAda nahIM jar3a - pudgala karma meM asIma zakti, karmazakti se prabhAvita jIvana Adi karma saMbaMdhI viSayoM kA samAveza huA hai| sAMsArika jIva kA koI bhI kArya aisA nahIM hai| jisake pIche karma na lage hue hoM, jIva kA jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, sukha, zarIra, mana, buddhi, indriya, prANa, zakti, Arogya, yaza, apayaza, aMgopAMga, mAna, sanmAna Adi sabhI karma kI zakti ke nIce dabe hue hai| saMsAra kI koI bhI gati, yoni, jAti, kSetra, paristhiti, vAtAvaraNa, zreNI, varga, bhUmi Adi eka bhI sthAna na bacA ho jahA~ karma kA sArvabhauma rAjya na ho / karma aisA zaktizAlI vidhAtA hai yA yamarAja hai jo pratyeka prANI ke pIche yahA~ taka mahAna zaktizAlI vyaktiyoM, tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartioM, vAsudevoM, sAdhu-sAdhvI, zramaNopAsakoM, rAjA, samrATa, dhanakubera Adi ke .pIche bhI mukti na ho taba taka karma janma-janmAMtara taka lagA rahatA hai| karma kI gati sarvatra abAdha hai| kahIM bhI chipakara baiTha jAne para bhI karma ke phala se chuTakArA nahIM miltaa| karma mahAzaktizAlI rUpa hai| ina karmoM ke Age tIrthaMkaroM kA bhI nahIM calatA to sAmAnya vyakti kI bAta hI kyA ? karma aura AtmA donoM meM prabala zaktimAna kauna? karma zakti ko parAsta kiyA jA sakatA hai, Atmazakti karma zakti se adhika kaise ? Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa isa prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya dRSTi se to AtmA kI zakti atizaya hai / karmacakra kI anavarata gati se yaha nahIM samajha lenA cAhie kI usakI gati para breka nahIM laga sakatA; baMdhe hue karmoM ko tapa, tyAga, cAritra, vrata, pratyAkhyAna Adi ke dvArA yA udaya meM Ane para yA samabhAva se bhogakara naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai, AtmA karmacakra se kaba taka grasta rahatI hai, jaba taka vaha rAga-dveSa moha krodhAdi kaSAya ke Avega ke kAraNa baMdhanoM se baddha rahatI hai| vyakti cAhe to ina vikAroM se AtmA ko bacAkara baMdhana se mukta ho sakatA hai, yadi karma zakti para Atma zakti vijayI na ho to tapa, saMyama kI sAdhanA nirarthaka ho jaayegii| anaMta anaMta tIrthaMkaroM, vItarAga pathAnugAmI aneka sAdhu-saMtoM kI AtmA ne naye Ate hue karmoM kA nirodha aura pUrvakRta karmoM karake karmazakti para vijaya prApta kI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki yadyapi karma mahAzakti rUpa hai, kiMtu jaba AtmA ko apanI anaMta zaktiyoM kA bhAna ho jAtA hai aura vaha bheda vijJAna kA mahAna astra hAtha meM uThAkara tapa, saMyama meM prabala puruSArtha karatA hai to karma kI usa pracaMDa zakti ko parAsta karatA hai|

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374 isa prakaraNa meM Age batAyA gayA hai ki karma mUrta yA amUrta, AtmaguNarUpa, karma ko mUrtarUpa na mAnane kA kyA kAraNa, mUrta kA lakSaNa aura upAdAna, jaina dArzanika graMthoM meM karma kI mUrtatva siddhi, Aptavacana se karma mUrta rUpa siddha hotA hai Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana karma ko mUrta mAnatA hai, kyoMki usameM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza hone se vaha paudgalika hai, rUpI hai| amUrta meM varNAdi cAroM guNa nahIM hote| mUrta, mUrtahI rahatA hai, vaha kadApi amUrta nahIM hotA, karma mUrta hote hue bhI sUkSma hai| vaha sAmAnya vyakti ke carmacakSu adRzya hai| AtmA ko amUrta aura karmoM ko mUrta mAnA jAtA hai| karma ke mUrta kAryoM ko dekhakara bhI usakA mUrtatva siddha hotA hai| amUrta AtmA kabhI mUrta nahIM hotI aura na hI mUrta karma amUrta AtmA ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| donoM svataMtra haiM, eka dUsare ko jarUra prabhAvita karate haiM aura alaga bhI ho jAte haiN| karmoM ke rUpa karma, vikarma aura akarma sAMparAyika kriyAe~ baMdhakAraka IryApathika nahIM, kriyA se karma kA Agamana avazya, abaMdhakAraka kriyAe~ rAgAdi kaSAyayukta hone se baMdhakAraka hotI haiM, sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ akarma ke badale karmarUpa banatI haiM, karma kA artha kevala pravRtti nahIM akarma kA artha kevala nivRtti nhiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi se pramAda karma, apramAda akarma karma - vikarma meM aMtara Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa isa prakaraNa meM kiyA hai| jaina darzana meM karma, akarma aura vikarma kI vAstavika pahacAna para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| jaba taka zarIra hai taba taka zarIradhArI ko mana, vacana aura kAyA se koI na koI karmakriyA yA pravRtti karanI hI paDatI hai, yadi sabhI kriyAe~ karma kahalAne lageM to koI bhI manuSya to kyA tIrthaMkara kevalajJAnI, vItarAgI yA apramatta nirgratha bhI karma paraMparA se mukta nahIM ho - skte| naye karma baMdha se baca bhI nahIM sakeMge, phira to karmarahita avasthA eka mAtra siddha paramAtmA kI hI mAnanI pddegii| jaina karmasiddhAMtavidoM ne kahA hai yadyapi kriyA se karma Ate haiM, paraMtu ve sabhI baMdhakAraka nahIM hotI, jainAgamoM meM paccIsa kriyAe~ batAyI gaI haiM, unameM se 24 kriyAe~ sAMparAyika haiM yAne kaSAya rAgadveSa Adi se yukta hotI haiM isalie karmabaMdhakAraka haiM aura paccIsavIM IryApathikI kriyA hai jo vivekayukta = yatnAcAra parAyaNa, apramatta saMyama yA vItarAgI kI gamanAgamanAdi yA AhAra vihArAdi caryA rUpa hotI hai| vaha kriyA kaSAya evaM rAgAdi Asaktirahita hone se karmabaMdha kAriNI nahIM hotI / baMdhaka aura abaMdhaka karma kA AdhAra bAhya kriyA nahIM hai, apitu kartA ke pariNAma, manobhAva yA viveka- aviveka Adi

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375 haiN| yadi kartA ke pariNAma rAgAdiyukta nahIM haiM, zArIrika kriyAe~ bhI saMyamI jIvana yAtrArtha anivArya rUpa se mada viSayAsakti, asAvadhAnI, vikathA, ayatnA, niMdAdi pramAdarahita hokara kI jAtI hai athavA svapara-kalyaNArtha pravRtti kI jAtI hai yA karmakSayArtha samyagjJAna, darzana, cAritra kI sAdhanA apramattabhAva se kI jAtI hai to usase hone vAle karma rAgadveSa se rahita hone se baMdhakAraka nahIM hote| ataeva aise karmoM ko akarma samajhanA caahie| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pramAda ko karma kahA hai| apramAda ko akarma kahA hai- kartA ke pariNAma azubha hone se saMvara aura nirjarAvAle sthAna meM Asrava aura baMdha tathA zuddha pariNAma ho to Asrava aura baMdha hone vAle sthAna meM saMvara aura nirjarA bhI hotI hai, isa prakAra karma siddhAMta ne 'karma' kA artha kevala sakriyatA yA pravRtti nahIM, tathaiva 'akarma' kA artha kevala sakriyatA yA pravRtti nahIM, tathaiva akarma va artha kevala niSkriyatA yA nivRtti nahIM hai| jo karmarAgAdi se prerita hokara kiyA jAtA hai vaha sAMparAyika kriyAjanita karma hai isake sivA jo rAgAdirahita hokara mAtra kartavya rUpa se kiyA jAye vaha IryApathika kriyAjanita zuddha karma = abaMdhaka karma = akarma hai| jaise karma se hI akarma prAdurbhUta hotA hai usI prakAra vikarma bhI karma se prAdurbhUta hotA hai| karma ke do vibhAga- eka zubha aura dUsarA ashubh| zubha yogatraya ke sAtha kaSAyarahita ho to zubhAstrava = puNyarUpa zubhabaMdha = karma kahalAtA hai tathA azubha yogatraya ke sAtha kaSAya ho to azubhAsrava = pAparUpa azubhabaMdha = vikarma kahalAtA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM mUlakarma ko vikarma aura agrakarma (zubhakarma) ko karma meM ginakara donoM se bacakara akarma karane kI preraNA dI hai| isa paMcama prakaraNa meM Age bhagavadgItA meM karma, vikarma aura akarma kA svarUpa, bauddha darzana meM karma, vikarma aura akarma kA vicAra kauna se karma baMdhakAraka aura kaunase abaMdhakAraka, tInoM dhArAoM meM karma-vikarma aura akarma meM samAnatA, karma kA zubha-azubha aura zuddha rUpa, zubhakarma svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, zubha aura azubha ke nirNaya kA AdhAra, bauddha darzana meM zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra, vaidika dharmagraMthoM meM zubhatva kA AdhAra, jainadRSTi se karma kA ekAMta zubhatva kA AdhAra, zuddha karma kI vyAkhyA, zubha-azubha donoM karmoM ko kSaya karane kA krama, azubha karma se bacane para zubha karma prAya: zuddha banate haiM ityAdi viSayoM kA vizada vizleSaNa kiyA hai| saMsArarUpI mahAsamudra meM akuzala, ardhakuzala aura kuzala tIna prakAra ke nAvika ke

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376 samAna tIna prakAra ke vyakti pAye jAte haiN| jo akuzala pramAdI nAvika hotA hai usakI naukA chidrayukta hone se DUba jAtI hai| usI prakAra akuzala vyakti dvArA saMsArarUpI mahAsamudra meM pApa karma kA jvAra AtA hai| Asrava-nirodha-rUpa saMvara na kara pAne ke kAraNa usakI jIvana naiyA pApakarma se paripUrNa hokara DUba jAtI hai| jo dUsare ardhakuzala nAvika kI taraha hote haiN| unakI jIvana naiyA chidrayukta hote hue bhI vrata, niyama, japa, tapa, saMyama Adi puNyoM se ve apanI DUbatI jIvana naiyA kI marammata karate rahate haiM aura Asravachidra baMda karate rahate haiN| tIsare prakAra ke sAdhaka atikuzala nAvika ke samAna kaSToM, vipattiyoM, upasargoM, pariSahoM tathA kaSAyoM ke prasaMga para samabhAvarUpI dhurI se apanI jIvana naiyA ko khete hue prazAMta karmajala se saMvara nirjarA ke jala mArga se Age bar3hate jAte haiM aura saMsAra samudra ko pAra karake sarvakarmajala se sarvathA mukta ho jAte haiN| trividha nAvikoM ke anurUpa saMsArI jIvoM ke karma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM, jinheM zAstrIya paribhASA meM kramaza: azubha-zubha aura zuddhakarma; dUsare zabdoM meM pApa, puNya aura dharma kahalAte haiN| zAstroM meM inheM azubhAsravarUpa-zubhAsravarUpa aura saMvara nirjarArUpa batAyA hai| aMtima zuddhakarma ko akarma kahA hai| gItA meM inhIM tInoM karmoM ko tAmasa, rAjasa aura sAttvika karma ke rUpa meM pRthak-pRthak lakSaNa batAkara nirUpita kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM anaitika, naitika aura atinaitika karma ko kramazaH akuzala, kuzala aura avyaktakarma kahA hai| . baMdhaka aura abaMdhaka kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to zubha aura azubha karmabaMdhaka haiN| eka mAtra zuddha karma hI abaMdhaka hai| chadmastha sAdhaka jJAtAdraSTA evaM samabhAvI rahakara zuddhopayoga meM rahane ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai| _ niSkarSa yaha hai zubhAzubhakarma kA kSetra vyAvahArika aura naitikatA kA hai| jisakA AcAraNa samAja sApekSa hai| jabaki AdhyAtmikatA kA kSetra zuddha cetanA kA hai, anAsakta vItarAgadRSTi kA hai, jo vyakti sApekSa hai, unakA aMtima lakSya vyakti ko baMdhana se bacAkara mukti kI ora le jAnA hai| yahI karma ke zubhAzubha aura zuddha rUpa kA mUlAdhAra hai| SaSThamaprakaraNa - karmoM se sarvathA mukti : mokSa jaina darzana meM karmoM kA svarUpa batAte hue Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA ke dvArA mokSa taka kisa prakAra pahu~cA jAtA hai isakA vistRta vivecana yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| jainadharma kI mAnyatAnusAra pratyeka sAdhaka ko pApa pravRtti se mukta hokara karmakSaya karake mokSa kI dizA meM

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377 pragati karanI caahie| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to doSa kA parihAra aura guNoM kA svIkAra yaha mAnava kA saccA kartavya hai| yaha pravRtti mAnava ko paramasukha aura zAMti degii| pratyeka sAdhaka ko vivekapUrvaka pravRtti karanI caahie| isakA mArgadarzana vItarAga paramAtmA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bAraMbAra kiyA hai, kyoMki mAnava mana kI caMcalatA kA mApa nikAlanA bahuta kaThina hai isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sabhI sAdhakoM ko mana para aMkuza rakhane ke lie vijaya milAne ke lie bAraMbAra nirdeza kiyA hai| "karmoM se sarvathA mukti mokss'| isa SaSThama prakaraNa meM karma praveza jIva meM kaise hotA hai? Asrava kI vyAkhyAe~, Asrava ke lakSaNa, puNyAsrava aura pApAstrava, dravyAstrava aura bhAvAtrava, IryApathika aura sAMparAyika Asrava, Asrava ke pA~ca bheda ityAdi viSayoM kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| ___ karma prAyogya pudgala paramANu sAre AkAza pradeza meM ThasAThasa bhare haiM, jIva ke AsapAsa phaile hue haiM, ve ghumate rahate haiM, karma usI jIva meM praveza karate haiM jahA~ rAgadveSa yA kaSAya kI snigdhatA ho athavA jahA~ mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga Adi pA~coM Astrava dvAroM meM se koI bhI dvAra khulA hogA to karma kA Agamana hogA to yaha Asrava hai| Asrava dvAroM meM se koI bhI dvAra khulA hogA to karma kA Agamana hogA yaha Asrava hai| jaise samudra cAroM ora se khulA rahatA hai jisase jala se paripUrNa nadiyA~ usameM praviSTa hotI haiM, isI prakAra saMsArI AtmArUpI samudra meM cAroM ora se karmarUpI jala Ane ke dvAra khule hoM to mithyAtva, aviratI, pramAda, kaSAya aura yogAdi pA~coM Asrava srotoM se karmoM kA Agamana nizcita hogaa| isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samasta saMsArI jIvoM ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahA hai- tInoM loka meM sabhI dizAoM se karmoM ke srotoM kA Agamana hotA hai| rAgadveSAdi yA Asakti ghRNAdirUpa bhAvakarma bhavarajAla rUpa haiM, inheM samyak prakAra se nirIkSaNa karake sAdhaka ko ina karmasravoM se nivRtta honA caahie| jIva kA pariNamana do prakAra kA hotA hai- zubha aura ashubh| zubhabhAva- puNyAtrava aura azubhabhAva- paapaatrv| jisa jIva meM prazasta bhAva hai, anukaMpAyukta pariNAma hai aura citta kI kaluSatA kA abhAva hai usa jIva ko puNyAsrava kA baMdha hotA hai, isase viparIta AcaraNa vAle jIvoM ko pApAtrava kA baMdha hotA hai| . vAstava meM mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda, kaSAya aura azubhayoga, ina pA~coM pApoM kA tyAga karanA hI puNyAstrava hai| vaise to bhagavAna mahAvIra ne puNyAsrava aura pApAstrava kI

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378 upAdeyatA batAkara kahA hai ki donoM hI tyAgane yogya hai aura zuddhopayoga meM rahane kA upadeza diyA hai| * jJAnAvaraNIyAdi ATha karmoM ke yoga se pudgala karma kA Agamana hotA hai vaha dravyAstrava hai, aura AtmA ke nija zubhAzubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa pudgala dravya karma banakara AtmA meM Ate haiM, una pariNAmoM ko bhAvAsrava kahate haiN| sakaSAya jIva ke sAMparAyika Asrava aura akaSAya jIva ke IryApatha Asrava kahate haiN| arthAt saMsArI jIva rAgadveSayukta kaSAya sahita kriyA karate haiM use sAMparAyika Asrava kahate haiM, jaba ki tIrthaMkara paramAtmA rAgadveSarahita jana kalyANArtha Atmazuddhi ke lie kriyA karate haiM use IryApathika Asrava kahate haiN| Asrava ke pA~ca bheda haiM- mithyAtva Asrava, avrata Asrava, pramAda Asrava, kaSAya Asrava, aura azubhayoga Asrava Adi pA~ca bheda haiN| "karmabaMdha ca mithyaatvmuktm"| . karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa mithyAtva hai| mithyAtva vItarAga ke prati ruci hone para bhI unake viSaya meM viparIta abhiniveza ko utpanna karane vAle ko mithyAtva kahA jAtA hai| AgamazAstra meM mithyAtva ko pApa kahA hai| avrata Astrava vrata ko viratI kahate haiM aura avrata ko avirati kahate haiN| pramAda Astrava ___mithyAtva aura aviratI ke samAna pramAdAsrava bhI jIva kA zatru hai| jAgRtatA kA abhAva pramAda kahalAtA hai| Atma kalyANa aura sat pravRtti meM anAdara honA pramAda hai| kaSAya Astrava jisake dvArA saMsAra kI vRddhi hotI hai, use kaSAya kahate haiN| kaSAya kI gati baDI tIvra hotI hai| janmamaraNarUpI yaha saMsAra kaSAyoM se bharA huA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAe~ haiN| yogAstrava mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ko yoga kahate haiN| mana, vacana aura kAyA se hone vAlI AtmA kI kriyA karmaparamANuoM ke sAtha AtmA kA yoga saMbaMdha sthApita karatI hai| isalie ise yoga kahA gayA hai| yadi ina pA~coM hI karmAsravoM ko rokanA ho to sarvaprathama mana,

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379 vacana, kAyA kA nigraha karanA pddegaa| saMvara kA saMvaraNa, Asrava ko rokanA tathA karmoM ko na Ane denA saMvara hai| Atmapradeza meM Agamana karane vAle karmoM ko rokanA hI saMvara hai| Asrava meM AtmA ke patana kI avasthA dikhAI gaI hai aura saMvara meM AtmA ke utthAna kI avasthA dikhAI gaI hai| Asrava meM doSa utpAdaka kAraNa batAye haiM aura saMvara meM una kAraNoM ko nirmUlana karane kA upAya batAyA hai| saMvara meM Atma nigraha hotA hai| Age isa prakaraNa meM samyaktva kA prakAza mokSa, samyaktva ke lakSaNa, samyaktva ke bheda, usake pA~ca aticAra, viratI, apramAda, akaSAya, ayogAdi Asrava aura saMvara meM aMtara, nirAstravI hone kA upAya Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai| samyaktva mokSa prApti kA bIja hai| samyaktva yAne jinavacana para zraddhA rakhanA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, aura samyakcAritra ko mokSa kA mArga kahA hai| samyaktva prApti se mokSa prApti kI gaeNraMTI tathA bhava saMkhyA nizcita ho jAtI hai, samyaktva prApti se mokSa yAtrA prAraMbha hotI hai| samyaktva ke binA koI bhI vrata, niyama, tyAga, pratyAkhyAna Adi mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| samyak-saMvara ke lie sthiratA aura surakSA ke lie pA~ca aMgoM kA pAlana karanA anivArya hai| vaha pA~ca aMga haiM- prazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukaMpA aura aasthaa| bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM vartamAna yuga kA mAnava suvidhAvAdI hotA jA rahA hai| aise loga ajJAna, aMdhavizvAsa, bhrAMti, mithyAdRSTi, svacchaMdAcAra kA zikAra ho rahe haiM, phira viratI (pratyAkhyAna) Adi se rahita jIvana svecchAcArI niraMkuza ho jAtA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM aisA jIvana ihaloka, paraloka aura AgAmI bhavoM meM garhita, nidiMta kahA gayA hai| jIvana ko viratI yukta banAne para hI saMvara, nirjarA upArjita hotI hai| isake viparIta asayaMta avirati jIva bhale hI hara samaya pApakarma meM pravRtta na ho to bhI tyAga, pratyAkhyAna, vrata, niyama Adi aMgIkAra na karane se pApa pravRtti kA baMdha hotA hai, ata: pratyeka mumukSu sAdhaka ke lie samyaktvapUrvaka viratI saMvara kI sAdhanA anivArya hai| viratI saMvara kA yahI sakriya upAya hai| apramAda karma ko rokanevAlA sajaga praharI hai| isake binA sAdhaka kI sAdhanA dUSita ho jAtI hai, isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gautama gaNadhara jaise ucca koTi ke sAdhaka ko bhI upadeza diyA he gautama ! samayaM goyama mA pamAyae' samaya mAtra kA pramAda mata kro| apramAdI sAdhaka sadA jAgRta rahakara dharma kriyA karatA hai aura nirjarA bhI karatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI sAdhaka ko apramatta rahakara zubhayoga saMvara ke lie upayoga rakhane ko kahA hai|

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380 saMsArarUpI kArAgAra se mukta hone ke lie akaSAya saMvara kI sAdhanA anivArya hai| kaSAya AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM vibhAva hai| usase AtmaguNoM kI kSati hotI hai| ata: samyakdRSTi pUrvaka kaSAyoM kA nirodha karane se kaSAya chUTa sakate haiN| akaSAya saMvara hotA hai aura kaSAyajanita karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| . sAMsArika jIvoM kI pratyeka pravRtti, mana, vacana, kAyA ke saMyoga se hotI hai| isa pravRtti ko jaina darzana meM yoga kahA hai| jina pApa kriyAoM se AtmA bA~dhI jAtI hai una pApa kriyAoM ko Astrava yA karmabaMdhakA dvAra kahate haiN| saMyamamArga para pravRtta hokara indriya, kaSAya aura saMjJA kA nigraha karane para hI AtmA meM pApa baMdha nahIM hotA hai ise hI saMvara kahate haiM, yahI Asrava aura saMvara meM aMtara hai| Age isa prakaraNa meM karmoM kA nirjaraNa nirjarA hai, nirjarA kA artha, nirjarA ke do prakAra, nirjarA ke bAraha bheda, tapa kA mahattva, baMdha kA svarUpa, baMdha ke do bheda- dravya baMdha aura bhAvabaMdha Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| karmoM se mukta karane vAlA tattva nirjarA hai| nirjarA kA artha pUrvakRta karmoM kA jhaDa jaanaa| mokSalakSI banakara kiye jAne vAle tapa se nirjarA hotI hai| karmoM kA AMzika rUpa se kSaya honA aura AtmA kA AMzika rUpa se vizuddha honA nirjarA hai| nirjarA ke do bheda- 1) savipAkI, aura 2) avipaakii| ___ karmoM kA apanI kAla maryAdA ke paripakva hone para apanA phala dekara naSTa ho jAnA savipAkI nirjarA hai, jaba ki pUrvabaddha karmoM ko unakI kAla maryAdA ke pUrNa hone ke pUrva hI udaya meM lAkara samApta kara denA avipAka nirjarA hai| chaH bAhya, cha: AbhyaMtara bheda se kula milAkara nirjarA ke bAraha bheda haiN| bAhya aura AbhyaMtara tapa kA lakSya Atmazuddhi aura samAdhi hai| bAhya tapa AbhyaMtara tapa kA praveza dvAra hai| donoM prakAra ke tapa eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| sAdhaka ko sakAma nirjarA yA avipAka nirjarA ke lie ina bAraha prakAra ke tapoM kI sAdhanA karanI caahie| inake dvArA karmoM kI anAyAsa nirjarA aura mahAnirjarA hotI hai| tapa yaha ciMtAmaNi ratna ke samAna hai, karmarUpI zatru ko naSTa karane kA amogha sAdhana hai| vaha saMsArarUpI samudra ko pAra karAtA hai| vaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA prANa hai| Atma pradeza meM karmapudgaloM kA aura jIva kA agni aura lohapiMDa ke samAna saMbaMdha hai, vahI baMdha hai| jaba

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381 taka Asrava dvAra khulA rahatA hai taba taka baMdha hotA hI rhegaa| jahA~ Asrava hai vahA~ baMdha hai / jisase karma bAMdhA jAtA hai vaha baMdha hai / jo baMdhanarUpa hai vaha baMdha hai / mokSa meM jAne kA bAdhaka kAraNa hai, vaha baMdha hai| baMdha yaha Asrava aura nirjarA ke bIca kI sthiti hai| / Asrava ke dvArA karmapudgala AtmapradezoM meM Ate haiN| nirjarA dvArA karmapudgala .AtmapradezoM se bAhara nikalate haiN| karmaparamANuoM kA Atma pradezoM meM AnA arthAt Asrava aura unakA alaga honA arthAt nirjarA tathA una donoM ke bIca kI sthiti ko baMdha kahate haiN| baMdha ke do bheda haiM- dravyabaMdha aura bhAvabaMdha / karma pudgala kA AtmapradezoM ke sAtha jo saMbaMdha banatA hai use dravyabaMdha kahate haiM, aura bhAvabaMdha vaha hai jo rAga, dveSa, moha Adi vikAra bhAvoM se karma kA baMdha honA / bhAva baMdha meM beDI kA bAhyabaMdha dravyabaMdha aura rAgadveSa Adi vibhAvoM kA baMdhana bhAvabaMdha hai / Age isa prakaraNa meM karmoM se sarvathA mukti kaise kI jAye, karmoM kA svarUpa kyA hai, mokSa prApti kA upAya, mokSa ke lakSaNa, mokSa kA vivecana, vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa, jainadarzana meM mokSa, dravyamokSa aura bhAva mokSa, karmakSaya kA krama, mokSa samIkSA, karmakSaya kA phalamokSa, mokSa prApti kA sopAna, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra Adi kA vizleSaNa hai / karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie mokSa kA svarUpa jAnanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai / prANImAtra kA aMtima lakSya mokSa hai| jainadharma meM mokSa prApti ke mukhya do kAraNa mAne gaye haiM- saMvara aura nirjarA / saMvara se Asrava karma kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai arthAt naye karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotA aura nirjarA se pUrvabaddha karma naSTa ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra karma baMdhana se mukta ho jAnA yahI mokSa hai / jIva mAtra kA carama aura parama lakSya mokSa prApta karanA hai| mokSa meM AtmA kI vaibhAvika dazA samApta ho jAtI hai| AtmA ekabAra karmamukta hone para phira se karmayukta nahIM hotI / mokSaprApti ke cAra upAya AgamoM meM batAye gaye haiM- jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa / rAgadveSa aura mithyAdarzana para vijaya prApta karake ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA karatA hai, tathA aSTakarmoM ko kSaya karane kI prakriyA prAraMbha karatA hai / sarvaprathama jJAnAvaraNIya karma, darzanAvaraNIya karma, mohanIya karma aura aMtarAyakarma ye cAra ghAtI karmoM ko kSaya kiyA jAtA hai| ina cAroM meM bhI mukhya karma mohanIya karma saMpUrNa rUpa se naSTa hotA hai, taba jJAnAvaraNIyAdi tInoM karmakSaya hote haiN| tatpazcAt vedanIyakarma, AyuSyakarma, nAmakarma aura gotrakarma ye cAra aghAtI karma zeSa rahate haiN| isake bAda AyuSyakarma jaba antarmurhata (48

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382 miniTa) se kama jitanA samaya zeSa rahatA hai taba mana, vacana aura kAyA ke sthUla vyApAra kA nirodha karake kevalajJAnI zukladhyAna meM sthira hokara mana, vacana evaM kAyA ke sUkSma vyApAra aura zvAsocchvAsa kA nirodha karate haiN| usake bAda pA~ca hasva svara a, A, i, I, U kA uccAraNa karane meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, utane samaya taka zaileSI avasthA meM sthira ho jAte haiN| zeSa AyuSyakarma, nAmakarma, gotrakarma aura vedanIyakarma eka hI samaya meM naSTa ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra siddha buddha mukta hokara mokSa prApta karate haiN| yaha mokSa prApti kA krama hai| jaina karma vijJAna samagra jIvana ke sUkSmAtisUkSma kAryakalApoM kA varNana karatA hai, janma se mRtyu taka kI vividha avasthAoM kA mukhya kAraNoM aura nivAraNoM ke upAya para vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| jainakarmasiddhAMta jIvana vijJAna hai| * Agama aura Agamottara kAla meM jainAcArya aura lekhakoM dvArA prAkRta ke atirikta saMskRta meM anya graMthoM meM tathA vividha bhASAoM meM karma saMbaMdhI sAhitya racA gayA hai, unhoMne aneka sthaloM para karmasaMbaMdhI apanI zailI meM vyAkhyA kI hai| unake vicAroM ko bhI yathA prasaMga ullekha karane kA prayAsa isa prabaMdha meM jaina dharmAnusAra karma siddhAMta kI yathAmati carcA kI hai|

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saMdarbhagraMtha - sUcI

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383 saMdarbha graMtha sUcI a) mUla va mUlAdhAra graMtha aMguttaranikAya-(bhAga 1-4) atharvaveda anuyogadvAra sUtra - anuttaropautika sUtra antakRtadazAsUtra * Atma-tattva-vicAra jagadIza kazyapa, devanAgarI pAlI sIrija, nAlaMdA, 1960 saMpA. zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara, prakA. vasaMta zrIpAda sAtavalekara, svAdhyAya maMDaLa, zrI bhArata mudrAlaya pAraDI (sUrata), 1957 maladhAri hemacaMdrakRta vRttisahita, saMpAdaka rAyabahAdura dhanapatasiMha, prakAzaka devacaMdra lAlabhAI jaina pustakodvAra saMsthA, muMbaI, 1915 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1989 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1981 vicayalakSmaNasUrijI, saMpA. zrI jJAnacandra vidyAvinoda, prakA. zA. zAntilAla hIrAcaMda vorA, muMbaI, 1963 saMpA. puppha bhikSu, zrI pyAre lAla omaprakAza jaina sUtrAgama sTrITa, esa. esa. jaina bAjAra, guDagAMva chAvanI (harayANA), 1971 upAcArya devendra munijI ma.sA. AcArya vidyAnaMdI, saMpA. paM. vaMzIdhara, nAthAraMgajI gAMdhI, akalUja, nirNayasAgara presa, muMbaI, 1915 pANinI, es. em. katre, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1989 saMpA. anuyoga pravartaka muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala', upAcArya devendramuni zAstrI, zrI ratnamuni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, madhukara smRti bhavana,vyAvara, 1990 jinadAsagaNI, RSabhadeva kesarImala peDhI, ratalAma, 1914 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., arthAgama bhagavatI sUtra aSTazatIaSTa-sahasrI aSTAdhyAyI AcArAMgacUlA AcArAMgacUrNiAcArAMgasUtra

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384 AcArAMganiyukti (saTIka) AdipurANaAptaparIkSA Avazyakaniyukti (saTIka) AvazyakasUtra iSTopadeza uttarAdhyayanasUtrauttarAdhyayanasUtra saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1995 jinahaMsa va pArzvacaMdrAcArya kI TIkA sahita, dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, vi. saM. 1936 upAcArya devendra munijI, zrI. vidyAnaMda svAmI, saMpAdaka nyAyAcArya paM. darabArIlAla jaina, koThiyA, vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA, ji. sahAnapura, 1948 zrImad haribhadrasUri, zrI bherUlAla kanhaiyAlAla koThArI dhArmika TrasTa, caMdanabAlA apArTameMTa, Ara. Ara. Thakkara mArga, bAlakezvara, muMbaI anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka paM. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla, zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara, 1989 AcArya pUjyapAda, saMpA. mutanazrI vizuddhasAgara, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 2008 gujarAtI anuvAda (durlabhajI zvetANI) anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1984 nemicandrAcArya, Atmavallabha granthAlaya, nirNaya sAgara presa, muMbaI saMpAdaka-anuvAdaka- pU. ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, niyojaka- munizrI kanhaiyAlAlajI, a. bhA. zve. sthA. jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakarATa, 1960 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1984 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 2000 saMpA. padmabhUSaNa paM. zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara, prakA. basaMta sAtavalekara, svAdhyAya maMDaLa, pAraDI (balasADa), uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saTIka) -- uttarAdhyayanasUtra upAsakadazAMgasUtra aupapAtakisUtra RgvedazrIpAda

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385 kaThopaniSadkarmagrantha (bhAga 1-6) karmaprakRti kalpasUtra kalpasUtra kaSAya-pAhuDa kArtikeyAnuprekSA saMpA. paM. kRSNamUrti, siMkadarAbAda, 1970 pU. mizrIlAla jI ma.sA., zrI caMdrasurANA, zrI marudhara kesarI sAhitya prakAzana samitI, pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara AcArya zivazarma, malayagirikRta TIkA, zrImad yazovijaya upAdhyAya, zrI devacaMda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaMDa, gopIpurA, sUrata, 1936 paM. nemidandrajI, ratna jaina pustakAlaya, ahamadanagara, 1991 upAcArya devendra munijI ma.sA., zrI tArakaguru jaina graMthAlaya, gurU puSkara mArga, udayapura AcArya guNadhara, saMpA. sumeracandra divAkara, zAntisAgara digaMbara jaina jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA, phalaTaNa, 1968 AcArya svAmI kArtikeya, saMpA. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye, rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, AgAsa, 1960 saMpA. DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, zruta-bhaMDAra va grantha prakAzana samiti, phalaTaNa, 1970 sakalana- zrI gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, anu. A. bhA. sonaTakke, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1965 kezavasiMha, vAcanApramukha-A. tulasI, saMpA. mohanalAla bAMThiyA, jaina darzana samitI, kalakattA, 1969 gItA presa, gorakhapura zrIman nemicaMdrAcArya siddhAMta cakravartI, zA. revAzaMkara jagajIvana javerI, paM. khUbacaMdra siddhAMta zAstrI, dvitIya vRtti, javerI bAjAra muMbaI, 1927 saMpA. munizrI kanhaiyAlAla, devendramuni, anu. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1998 motIlAla jAlAna, gItApresa gorakhapura, paMcama AvRtti, vi. saM. 2023 . kundakunda-bhAratI kundakundAMce ratnatraya kriyAkoza gItA-rahasyagommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) candra-prajJapti chAMdogya-upaniSad jambUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA..

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386 jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra jainayoga jaina-stoka-saMgraha jainAgama stoka saMgraha jJAnasAra jJAtAdharmakathA saMpAdaka chaganalAla zAstrI, zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 2002 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka paM. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla, zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara, 1989 AcArya haribhadrasUri, saMpA. DaoN. chaganalAla zAstrI, munizrI hajArImala sumati prakAzana, vyAvara, 1981 dhIMgaDamalajI giDiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, vyAvara (rAja.), 1996 maganamuni, zrI jaina divAkara divyajyoti kAryAlaya, vyAvara (rAja.) nyAyAcArya upAdhyAya yazovijayajI.vivecanakAra- munirAja zrI bhadragupta vijayajI, vizvakalyANa TrasTa, saMghavI pola, mehasAnA, vi. saM. 2033 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya mizrImalajI, zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1981 saMpA. DaoN. darzanalatA, zrI zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI svAdhyAyI saMgha, gulAbapurA (rAja.), 1997 . anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka mizrIlAlajI ma.sA.,zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara pU. amolakaRSi, prakA. zrI jaina sAhitya pracAraka samiti, vyAvara (jodhapura), 1942 zrImad vidyAnaMda svAmI, saMpAdaka manoharalAla nyAyazAstrI, gAMdhI nAthAraMga, jaina graMthAlaya, po. mAMDavI, muMbaI, 1918 bhaTTAkalaMkadeva, saMpA. paM. mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, banArasa,1953 zrutasAgarIya vRtti jIvarAja jaina gabhaMthamAlA, solApura jJAnArNava ThANaMgasutta ThANaMgasUtra (bAlAvabodha) tattvArthazlokavArtika tattvArtharAjavArtika tattvArthasUtratattvArthasUtratattvArthasUtra vAcaka umAsvAtiviracita, vivecaka- paMDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5 punarmudraNa1985

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387 tattvArthasAra tattvArthAdhigamasUtra tattvArthAdhigamasUtra tantravArtika taittarIya AraNyakatrizaSThIzalAkApuruSacarita therIgAthA dazavaikAlikasUtra AcArya amRtacandrasUri, saMpA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI-5 siddhasenagaNi, prakA. devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, muMbaI, vI. ni. 2456 AcArya umAsvAti, anu. dhIrajalAla ke. turachiyA, zrI jaina gurukula, vyAvara (rAja.), vi. saM. 2010 paM. gaMgAdhara zAstrI, banArasa saMskRta sIrIja prakAzana, banArasa 1987 paM. bAbA zAstrI phaDake, AnaMda Azrama, puNe, 1981 gaNeza lalavANI, anu. rAjakumArI begAnI, jaina zvetAMbara nAkoDA, pArzvanAtha tIrtha, mevAnagara, prakAzaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1989 zeSarAva mezrAma, mahArASTra rAjya sAhitya ANi saMskRti maMDaLa, muMbaI, 1993 anuvAdaka AtmArAmajI ma.sA., jaina zAstra-mAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura,1946 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1985 vAcanA pramukha- AcArya tulasI, saMpAdaka- anuvAdaka- munI nathamala, Agama hiMdI saMskaraNa graMthamAlA, graMtha-1 jaina vizvabhAratI lADana, 1974 AcArya bhadrabAhusvAmI, saMpA. muni puNyavijaya, prAkRta graMtha pariSada, graMthAMka- 17, ahamadAbAda, 1973 AcArya haribhadrasUri, Agamodaya samitI, nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI, 1918 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara AcArya kundakunda, saMpA. DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, zrI zAntivIra digaMbara jaina saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIrajI (rAjasthAna),1968 dazavaikAlikasUtra dazavaikAlika dazavaikAlikaniyukti dazavaikAlikavRtti dazAzrutaskaMdhasUtra - darzanapAhuDa

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388 dIghanikAya dravyasaMgraha dvAtriMzatdvAtriMzikA dvAdazAMgasUtra TIkAdhammapada dhavalA nandIsUtra-cUrNi navatattva-prakaraNa navatattva-prakaraNa-sArtha ciMtAmaNi vaijanAtha rAjavADe, baDaudA, 1918 AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, saMpA. esa. sI. ghosAla, je. ela. jainI memoriyala sIrija, dillI, 1956 AcArya siddhasena divAkara, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1966 AcArya zrI abhayadevasUri, anuvAda. rAhula sAMskRtyAyana, bhikSugaNI prajAnaMda buddhavihAra, risAladAra pArka, lakhanaU AcArya vIrasena, saMpA. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura saMpA. puNyavijaya, prAkRta graMtha pariSada, vArANasI, 1966 zrI devaguptAcArya (zrImad abhayadevasUri), vallabhadAsa tribhuvanadAsa gAMdhI, jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vI. ni. 2439 saMpAdaka- zeTha veNIcaMda sUracaMda, zrI jaina zreyaskara maMDala, mehasANA, 1927 udaya-vijayagaNi, prakA.- zeTha mANikalAlabhAI manasukhabhAI zAha, ahamadAvAda, 1922 AcArya bhikkhu, anuvAda- zrIcandra rAmapuriyA, jaina zvetAMbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1961 AcArya kundakunda, zrI digaMbara jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, sonagaDha, vI. ni. 2503 AcArya kandakanda tAtparyavatti. saMpA. hiMmatalAla zAha, kuMdakuMdakahAna jaina zAstramAlA, sonagaDha, 1951 saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa, saMpA. amaramuni- kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala', Agama sAhitya ratnamAlA, dillI, 1982 pravacanakAra, pU. lIlAvatIbAI mahAsatIjI sAkalIbena kapUracaMda gAMdhI, gAMdhI chAyA, seMTrala ba~ka ke Upara, AgrA roDa, ghATakopara, muMbaI 77, vi.saM. 2028 bhartRhari, saMpA. kRSNa zAstrI mahAbala, nirNaya sAgara presa, muMbaI prabhAcaMdra, mANikacaMdra digambara jaina graMthamAlA, muMbaI, 1941 navatattva-sAhitya-saMgraha navapadArtha niyamasAra niyamasAra nizIthabhASya niSadhakumAracaritra nItizataka nyAya-kumudacandra

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389 nyAyadarzananyAyadarzana (vAtsyAyana-bhASya) nyAya-maMjarI nyAya-siddhAnta-muktAvalI paiNNasuttAiM paMcatantra paMcaviMzatikA paMcasaMgraha paMcAdhyAyI udayavIra zAstrI, vi. go. hAsAnaMda, dillI. 1999 ma. ma. gaMgAnAtha jhA, caukhaMbA saMskRta sIrija oNphisa, vArANasI, 1925 jayaMta bhaTTa, saMpA. nagIna jI. zAha, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda, 1989 paM. svAmI goviMda siMha, veMkaTezvara presa, khetavADI, muMbaI, 1972 saMpAdaka muni puNyavijayajI muni, jayaMtIlAla ratanacaMdra zAha, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1984 zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya,muMbaI,1984 ha. a. bhAve, varadA prakAzana, puNe, 1977 AcArya padmanandI, saMpA. paM. bAlacaMdra siddhAMtazAstrI, digaMbara jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1962 caMdramaharSi, Agamodaya samiti, graMthAMka-47, sUrata, 1927 AcArya Adi candraprabhu, saMpA. paM. makkhanalAla zAstrI, mahAvIra kIrti digaMbara jaina graMthamAlA, paMDita rAjamalla, gAMdhI nAthAraMgajI akalUja, jainendra mudraNAlaya, kolhApura, zaka. 1828 AcArya kundakunda, paM. manoharalAla, rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala,AgAsa, vI. ni. 2495 rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala,AgAsa, vI. ni. 2495 bra. zItalaprasAda, prakAzaka- mUlacaMda kizanadAsa kApaDiyA, jainamitra, di. jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vI.ni. 2452 AcArya haribhadrasUri, abhayadevakRta TIkA, jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1912 saMpA. munizrI kanhaiyAlAla, A. devendramuni zAstrI, pU. ratnamuni, anuvAda- yuvAcArya madhukara munijI, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara (rAja.), 2002 puppha bhikkhu, prakAzaka- bAburAmalAla jaina nAyaba paMcAdhyAyI (pUrvArddha) paMcAstikAya paMcAstikAya (tAtparyavRtti) paMcAstikAya paMcAzakavivaraNa paNNavaNAsUtra paNNavaNAsUtra

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390 paramAtmaprakAza (yogasAra) pAtaMjala-yogadarzana pArzvanAthacaritrapuruSArthasiddhyupAya (saTIka)prajJApanAsUtra (saTIka) pramANa-nInAMsA pravacanasAra tahasIladAra, sUtrAgama prakAzaka samitI, jaina sthAnaka, relveroDa, guDagAMva chAvaNI AcArya yogIndu-deva, saMpA. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye, rAjacandra jaina granthamAlA, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1937 rAjArAma zAstrI boDasa, ga. ci. deva, sadAziva peTha, puNe 1915 vAdirAja, mANikacaMdra digaMbara jaina graMthamAlA, muMbaI 1916 amRtacandrAcArya, saMpA. kSullaka dharmAnanda, naI dillI, 1988 anu. yuvAcArya madhukaramani, saMpA. paM. zobhAcaMda bhArilla, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1984 kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya, saMpA. paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, tilokaratna sthAnaka jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI- ahamadanagara, 1970 AcArya kundakunda, saMpA. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye, rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, muMbaI, vI. ni. 2491 AcArya jinasena, saMpA. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye, rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, muMbaI, vI. ni. 2491 AcArya umAsvAti vAcaka, vIrAbda jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vI. ni. 2436 devendramunI ma.sA. (prastAvanA), zrI tArakagurU graMthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura AcArya abhayadeva sUri, nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI, 1919 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka paM. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 2000 saMpA. muni cartuvijaya, puNyavijaya, AtmAnaMda jaina graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara, 1935 AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala,AgAsa, vI. ni. 2492 pravacanasAra-TIkA prazamarati-prakaraNa praznavyAkaraNasUtra praznavyAkaraNasUtra praznavyAkaraNasUtra bRhad-kalpasUtra bRhad-dravyasaMgraha

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bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhagavaI bhagavatIsUtra - (aMgasuttAni ) bhagavadgItA - bhAvanA-zataka majjhimanikAya manusmRti - mahAbandha mahAbhArata (anuzAsanaparva) mahAbhArata (zAntiparva) mahAbhArata (vanaparva) .mahAvIracariyaM milinda - prazna mImAMsA darzana mImAMsAsUtra muNDakopaniSad - muNDaka- 3 391 zrIkRSNadatta bhaTTa, goviMda bhavana kAryAlaya, gItA presa, gorakhapura motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1964 AcArya zrI zivArya, prakAzaka, bAla bra. zrI hirAlAla khuzAlacaMda dozI, saMpAdaka siddhAMtAcArya zrI. paM. kailAzacaMdra siddhAMta zAstrI, 1990 vAcanA pramukha, AcArya tulasI - muni nathamala, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~ rAja. vAcanA pramukha, AcArya tulasI muni nathamala, prakAzaka- jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanu rAja. vi. saM. 2031 saMpA. DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana, anu. ema. e. virAja, rAjapAla eNDa saMsa, kazmirI geTa, dillI, 1967 paM. munizrI ratnacandrajI ma. sA., zrI jaina sAhitya prasAraka samiti, vyAvara, 1942 anu. svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI, bRhad bhAratI, vArANasI marAThI anu. mukuMda gaNeza mirajakara, rA. rA. zaMkara narahari jozI, citrazALA presa, sadAziva peTha, puNe, 1849 AjArya vIrasena, saMpA. paM. sumeracandra divAkara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI prA. goviMda vAmana kulakarNI, mahArASTra grantha bhaMDAra, kolhApura prA. goviMda vAmana kulakarNI, mahArASTra grantha bhaMDAra, kolhApura prA. goviMda vAmana kulakarNI, mahArASTra grantha bhaMDAra, kolhApura AcArya guNacandra, 75, muMbaI, 1929 hindI anu. bhikSu jagadIza kazyapa, bhikSu mahAnAma pradhAnamaMtrI dharmodaya sabhA, rAmajIdAsa jeThiyA lena, kalakattA, 1951 jaiminIsUtra, paM. gaMgAdhara zAstrI, caukhaMbA saMskRta buka Dipo, banArasa, 1904 sAnuvAda zaMkarabhASyasahita, motIlAla jAlana, gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi. sa. 2023

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392 mUlArAdhanA yogadarzana-(vyAsa bhASya) yogazAstra ratnakaraNDa-zrAvakAcAra rAjapraznIyasUtra rAmacaritamAnasa lokaprakAzavipAkasUtra AcAryazrI zivArya viracita, vijayodayA TIkAsahita, jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA, mAMDave, puSpa 1le paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, phalaTaNa, 1990 pa. raMjanadevI saubhAgyacaMda zrApha, vizva abhyudaya AdhyAtmika granthamAlA, mehatA bilDiMga, muMbaI, 1973 AcArya hemacandra, saMpA. muni samadarzI, zrI RSabhacandra joharI - zrI kizanalAla jaina, dillI, 1963 AcArya samantabhadra, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1984 . anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka paM. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1989 gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, goviMda bhavana kAryAlaya, gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi. saM. 2057 vinaya-vijayagaNI, Agamodaya samitI, muMbaI, 1929 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka paM. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982 revata dhammo, vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, 1969 zrImad jinabhadragaNI kSamAkSamaNa, saMpAdaka DaoN. nathamala TATIyA risarca insTITyUTa oNpha prAkRta, jainolaoNjI aeNDa ahiMsA, vaizaralI, bihAra, 1972 bhartRhari, caukhaMbhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1967 paM. viMdhyezvarI prasAda dube, brija bI. dAsa eNDa kaM., banArasa, 1885 malayagirI TIkAsahita, saMpAdaka vakIla prikamalAla agaracaMda, 1928 saMpA. yuvAcArya zrI mizrImalajI ma. sA. 'madhukara' anu. amaramuni,zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka pipIliyA bAjAra, vyAvara (rAja.), DaoN. alabete yeverena zodhItama, caukhaMbhA saMskRta sIrija, vizuddhimArga vizeSAvazyakabhASya vairAgyazatakavaizeSikadarzanasUtra vyavahArasUtrabhASya vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra zatapatha-brAhmaNa

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393 zAnti-zatakazAstravArtA-samuccayazizupAla-vadha (mahAkAvya)zvetAzvatara upaniSadSaTkhaMDAgama SaDdarzana-samuccaya (saTIka) SaDdarzana-rahasya zrInaMdIsUtra-TIkA gopAla mandira galI, vArANasI, 1964 siMhalana mizrI, saMpA. bApUlAla mAMgIlAla dabhoI, sUrata, vi.saM. 2029 mahAkavi mAgha, nirNaya sAgara presa, buMbaI, 1957 motIlAla jAlAna, gItA bhASya-sahita, gItA presa, gorakhapura AcArya bhUtabali-puSpadanta, saMpA. paM. phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1992 AcArya haribhadrasUri, saMpA. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prakAzana kAryAlaya, durgApura kuMDa, vArANasI, 1970 AcArya haribhadrasUri, saMpA. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prakAzana kAryAlaya, durgApura kuMDa, vArANasI, 1970 malayagirikRta TIkA, Agamodaya samiti, javerI bAjAra, muMbaI, 1924 saMpA. kAntilAla jagajIvana gAMdhI, jasavaMtalAla zAntilAla zAha, sudharma pracAra maMDala, gujarAta, 2000 siddhasena divAkara, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, 1921 saMkalanakartA- paM. becaradAsa dozI, sarva sevAsaMgha prakAzana, vArANasI, 1975 AcArya haribhadrasUri, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI kuMdakuMdAcArya, saMpA. mohanalAla siddhAMta zAstrI, rAjacaMdra jaina zAstramAlA, baMbaI, 1919 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1982 AcArya haribhadrasUri, amRtasAgarasUri jJAna mandira, daulatanagara,muMbaI 1973 mAdhavAcArya, bhASyakAra-pro. umAzaMkara zarmA, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1964 zrIbRhad jaina thoka-saMgraha sanmatitarka-prakaraNa samaNasutta samarAdityakathA samayasAra 'samavAyAGgasUtra saMbodha-sattarI sarvadarzana-saMgraha

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394 sarvArthasiddhi sarvArthasiddhi sAMkhyadarzanasAMkhyakArikAsuttanipAta suttAgame (ThANa) suttAgame (bhagavaI) suttAgame (samavAyaMga) A. pUjyapAda, tattvArthasUtravRtti, paM. phUlacaMdra siddhAMtazAstrI jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina graMthamAlA, graMthAMka-13, naI dillI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1944 A. pUjyapAda, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI graMthAlaya, ahamadAbAda, dvitIya AvRtti udayavIra zAstrI, vi. go. hAsAnaMda, dillI, 1999 lakSmIcaMdra zAstrI, vidyAnidhi prakAzana, dillI, 1994 prA. dharmAnaMda kosaMbI (bhASAMtarakAra) prA. pu. vi. bApaTa prakAzaka- dharmAnaMda smAraka TrasTa, 51 mahAtmA gAMdhI roDa, muMbaI, 1915 saMpAdaka pupphabhikkhu, zrI sUtrAgama prakAzaka samiti, guDagAMva chAvaNI (paMjAba) 1953 saMpAdaka pupphabhikkhu, zrI sUtrAgama prakAzaka samiti, guDagAMva chAvaNI (paMjAba) 1953 saMpAdaka pupphabhikkhu, zrI sUtrAgama prakAzaka samiti, guDagAMva chAvaNI (paMjAba) 1953 saMpAdaka pupphabhikkhu, zrI sUtrAgama prakAzaka samiti, guDagAMva chAvaNI (paMjAba) 1953 saMpAdaka pupphabhikkhu, zrI sUtrAgama prakAzaka samiti, guDagAMva chAvaNI (paMjAba) 1953 saMpAdaka pupphabhikkhu, zrI sUtrAgama prakAzaka samiti, guDagAMva chAvaNI (paMjAba) 1953 AcArya abhayadevasUri, zeTha mANikacaMda cunnIlAla, zeTha kAntilAla cunnIlAla, amadAvAda, 1937 anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, vi. 2039 zIlAMkavRtti, prakAzaka-- gaMgArAmajI ke suputra zrI seTha chaganalAla mUthA, rAjakoTa, 1995 suttAgame (uvavAiya) suttAgame (AyAre) suttAgame (naMdIsuttaM) sUtrakRtAGgasUtra-TIkA sUtrakRtAGgasUtra sUtrakRtAgasUtra (saTIka)

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395 sthAnAGgasUtra syAdvAda-maMjarI (saTIka) anuvAdaka yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma.sA., saMpAdaka yuvAcArya zrI. mizrImalajI ma.sA. 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samitI, byAvara, 1981 AcArya hemacandra, anu. DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina, rAjacandra jaina granthamAlA, Ananda (gujarAta), 1970 abhayadevasUri, Agamodaya samiti, nirNaya sAgara presa, muMbaI 1918 zrIrAmacandra jhA, caukhaMbA saMskRta sIrija oNphisa, vArANasI, 1999 sthAnAGgasUtraTIka - hitopadeza ba) Adhunika lekhakAMce graMthaAcArya, tulasI AcArya, narendradevaAcArya, zrI nAneza AcArya, amolakaRSi AcArya, vijayavallabhasUri upAcArya, devendra munijI jaina siddhAnta dIpikA, anu. munizrI nathanala, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, saradArazahara (rAja.), 1972 bauddha dharma darzana, jaina-dharma, saMpA. zAntimunijI, zrI samatA sAhitya prakAzana TrasTa, iMdaura, 1984 jaina tattvaprakAza, zrI amola jaina nyAyAlaya, dhUliyA, 1982 AcArya, bhikSu-nava padArtha, jaina zvetAMbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1961 vallabhapravacana, saMpA. pro. munilAlajI jaina, zrI. AtmAnaMdajI jaina mahAsabhA, jainanagara, aMbAlA zahara, 1971 amRta mahotsava grantha, akhila bhAratIya jaina kAnphreMsa, naI dillI, 1988 jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, tAraka garU jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, As you like it (karma vijJAna bhAga 1), tAraka garU jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 1990 karma vijJAna (bhAga 1 se 9), tAraka garU jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 1990 pArzvanAtha-caritra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, tAraka garU jaina granthAlaya, gurU puSkara mArga, udayapura, bhagavAna mahAvIra eka anuzIlana, upAcArya, devendra munijI upAcArya, devendra munijI upAcArya, devendra munijI upAdhyAya, devendramuni upAcArya, devendra munijI

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396 RSabhadeva eka parizIlana, upAcArya, devendra munijIupAcArya, devendra munijIupAdhyAya, amaramuni upAdhye, e. ena. RSi, amolaka RSi, amolaka RSi AnaMda kachArA, nArAyaNalAla kANe, pI. vhI. karma eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana, mahAbhArata kI sUktiyA~ (sUkti triveNI), sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1968 mahAvIra aeNDa hija TicIMgaja, navajIvana presa, ahamadAbAda, 1977 jaina-tattva-prakAza, zrI amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhUliyA, 1982 sacitra paccIsa bola, zrI tilokaratna sthA. dhArmika parIkSA borDa, ahamadanagara bhAvanAyoga eka vizleSaNa, zrItilokaratna jaina pustakAlaya, pAtharDI, ahamadanagara, 1975 jaina karma siddhAnta : adhyAtma aura vijJAna, dharma darzana sevA saMsthAna, udayapura, 2006 hisTrI oNpha dharmazAstra, bhAMDArakara oriyaMTala risarca insTiTyUTa, puNe, 1962 nava tattva sAhitya saMgraha, prakA. zeTha mANikalAlabhAI manasukhabhAI zAha, ahamadAvAda, 1922 da DaoNkTrina oNpha karmana ina jaina philaoNsaoNphI, 1942 yogadarzana aura yoga samAdhi, vizva abhyudaya AdhyAtmika graMthamAlA, ka. raMjanadevI sobhAgyacaMda zrApha. meheMta bilDiMga khAra, muMbaI, 1973 karAmana che karmanA kaeNlakyuleTara, praNAmi jJAna anuSThAna yojanA TrasTa, kAMdIvalI (pUrva) jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 2002 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1985 jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-2, aMgabAhya Agama, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, jainAgama, hiMdU yunivarsiTI, vArANasI 5- 1966 gaNi, udayavijaya glaeNsenaoNpa, helamutha vaoNnacAhaka, vizvazAMti - jayezAbAI-namitAbAI jaina, jagadIza caMdra jaina, jagadIza caMdra jaina, jagadIzacaMdra va mehatA, mohanalAla

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397 jaina, mahendrakumAra jaina, lAlacandrajaina, sAgaramala jaina, sAgaramala jaina, sAgaramala jaina, sAgaramala jaina, hIrAlAlajainAcArya, javAharalAla jaina darzana, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, 1955 jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra, jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA samAjadarzana, prAkRta bhAratI prakAzana 12, prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982 jaina karma siddhAMta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, prAkRta bhAratI prakAzana- 21, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna,jayapura, 1982 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoMkA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 1 va 2, prAkRta bhAratI prakAzana- 19-20, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982 jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA mArga, prAkRta bhAratI prakAzana-11, jayapura, 1982 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla- 1962 javAhara kiraNAvalI, saMpA. paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, zrI javAhara sAhitya samiti, bhinAsara bAkAnera, bhAratIya darzana saMgraha, citrazALA prakAzana, puNe- 2 phaeNseTsa oNpha jaina rilijiasanesa in kampaeNreTiva lAiTa, ela. DI. iMsTiTyUTa oNpha iMDolaoNjI, ahamadAbAda, 1981 bhAratIya saMskRti koza, bhAratIya saMskRti koza maMDaLa, zanivAra peTha, pUnA, 1994 sTaDIja in jaina philaoNsaoNphI, jaina kalcarala risarca sosAyaTI, banArasa, 1951 karmano siddhAnta, janarala priMTarsa aNDa pablisara, giragAMva muMbaI, 1983 bhAratIya darzana, rAjapAla eNDa saMsa, dillI, 1969 arlI jainijhama, ela.DI. inTTiyUTa oNpha inDolaoNjI, ahamadAbAda, 1978 bauddha dharma ANi tattvajJAna, mahArASTra vidyApITha graMthanirmitI maMDaLAkaritA, kaoNnTinenTala prakAzana, vijayAnagara, puNe-30 bhASA-vijJAna, joga, da. vA.jozI, ela. ema. jozI, paM. mahAdeva zAstrI TATiyA, nathamala Thakkara, hIrAbhAI DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanaDijhiTa, ke.ke. DAMge, siMdhU sa. tivArI, bholAnAtha

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398 divAkara, pa. sumerUcaMdra dIkSita, zrInivAsa harideva, esa. bI. dozI, ratanalAla dozI, ratanalAla dhIrajamuni nAhaTA- agaracandranyAyAcArya, mahendrakumArabAThiyA, mohanalAla jaina zAsana, zrI bhAratavarSIya digaMbara jaina mahAsabhA, prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujappharanagara, 1998 bhAratIya tattvajJAna, phaDake prakAzana, kolhApUra, 1996 da hisTarI oNpha jaina mAnaeNkijhama, phaoNma inaskripzansa a~Da liTarecara, Dekkana kaoNleja rIsarca iMnsTyUiTa, khaMDa 16, pUnA 1954 tIrthaMkara carita, akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, vyAvara (rAja.), 1994 mokSamArga, akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, vyAvara (rAja.), 1994 jainatattva-svarUpa, vItarAga prakAzana, abhI eMTaraprATyajesa, simpoLIroDa, borIvalI, muMbaI, 2003 karma sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, 1955 lezyAkoza, jaina viSaya-koza granthamAlA, kalakattA, 1966 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha, paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, bApunagara, jayapura, 1971 vizva prahelikA, sAhitya niketana, nayA bAjAra, dillI, 1969 Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966 gaNadharavAda, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAvAda Atma-mImAMsA, zrI jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala, banArasa ciMtana kI manobhUmi, saMpA. DaoN. vaziSTa nArAyaNa sinhA, prakAzaka samiti jJAnapITha, lohAmaMDI, AgarA, 1970 jJAna kA amRta, zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, samatA bhavana, rApuriyA mArga, bIkAnera (rAja.) Atmana kI dizA meM, zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, samatA bhavana, rApuriyA mArga, bIkAnera (rAja.) nigrantha pravacana, bhASyakAra- paM. zobhAdandra bhArilla, bhArilla, DaoN. hukumacandra mahendra kumAra mAlavaNiyA, paM. dalasukhamAlavaNiyA, paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, paM. dalasukhamuni, amara muni, jJAna muni, jJAna muni, cauthamala

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399 muni, javAharalAla muni, dIparatna-sAgara muni, nagarAja muni, nathamala muni, nathamala muni, nyAyavijayamuni, madhukara muni, mizrImala prakA. svarUpacaMdra tAleDA abhayarAja nahAra, vyAvara (rAja.) 1966 gRhastha-dharma, saMpA. paM. zobhAcaMda bhArilla, zrI javAhara sAhitya prakAzana samiti (bhinAsAra),1977 Agama-dIpa, zrI De. ke. Thakkara, 16- alkAnagara, baDaudarA, 1998 jaina Agama digdarzana, arhata prakAzana,ijarAsTrITa, muMbaI, 1972 jaina darzana manana mImAMsA, saMpA. muni dulaharAja, Adarza sAhitya prakAzana saMgha, 1973 jIva ajIva, jaina zvetAMbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA 1, vi.saM. 1024 jaina darzana, hemadandrAcArya jaina sabhA, pATana, 1950 jainatattva-darzana, munizrI hastimala smRti prakAzana, pipaliyA barajAra, vyAvara, 1974 jaina dharma meM tapa, marudhara kezarI sAhitya prakAzana samiti, jodhapura, 1972 karmavAda eka adhyayana, jaina vijJAna, svAdhyAya saMgha, mAuMTa roDa, madrAsa, 1994 namaskAra cintAmaNi, zrI cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jaina zvetAMbara mandira, haridvAra, 1999 Agama ke anamola-ratna, dhanarAja ghAsIlAla koThArI, lakSmI pustaka bhaMDAra, ahamadAbAda, 1968 vaMdanIya sAdhujano, bhAnumatibena ke. mehatA, 1981 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama graMthamAlA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI-5, 1968 jaina dharma darzana, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama graMthamAlA 19, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI-5, 1973 karma siddhAnta, baDI sAdhu vaMdanA, zrI jayamala memoriyala TrasTa, jodhapura, 2000 muni, paM. surezamuni- ratnasena vijayamunirAja, kuMdakuMdavijaya mevADI, hastimunijI mehatA, bhAnumatibenamehatA, mohanalAla mehatA, mohanalAla mohanalAlamohanotA, pukharAja

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400 yAkobI, harmana yuvAcArya, mahAprajJa yuvAcArya, mahAprajJayuvAcArya, DaoN. zivamuni varNI, jinendravarNI, jinendravAcaspati, gairolA jaina sUtrAja, da sekreDa bukas oNpha IsTa, vhaoNlyUma 45, pArTa- 2, da uttarAdhyayana sUtra, da sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, oNksaphorDa aeNTa da klerenaDaoNna presa, 1995 karmavAda, prekSAdhyAna akAdamI, saMpA. candrahAsa trivedI, anekAnta bhAratI prakAzana, ahamadAvAda 15 ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale, bhAratIya dharma meM mukti-vicAra, akhila bhAratIya jaina vidvat pariSad , jayapura, 1988 karma siddhAnta, karma rahasya, saMskRti sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, caukhaMbA saMskRta sIrija, caukhaMbA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1967 jaina tattvAdarza, zrI AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, 41 dhanajI sTrITa, baMbaI, 1956 navakAra prabhAvanA, navakAra pratiSThAna, aMdherI (pUrva), muMbaI, jaina-dRSTi, hajArImala munizrI smRti prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1968 karmagraMtha, vijayAnanda (AtmArAma) vorA, DaoN. sarvezazAstrI, indracandra zAstrI, kailAzacandrazAstrI, kailAzacandrazAstrI, devendramuni karma kA svarUpa, zAstrI, devendramuni zAstrI, devendramuni zrAvaka saMgha, zAstrI, devendramuni sAhitya aura saMskRti, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1970 jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, tAraka garU jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura, bhagavAna pArzva- eka samIkSAtmaka adyayana, paM. muni zrImala prakAzana, zrI vardhamAna zve. sthAnakavAsI jaina jaina sAdhanA sadana, pUnA, 1969 dharma aura darzana, tAraka garU jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura, 1967 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, tArA buka ejensI, vArANasI, 1988 karma mImAMsA, zAstrI, nemicaMdra zAstrI, phUlacandra

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401 zAstrI, vijayamuni zAstrI, vijayamuni zAstrI, vijayamuni zIlaguNa vijayazubiMga, vaoNlTara adhyAtma sAdhanA, saMpA. zrI samadarzI prabhAvakara, giradharalAla dAmodara daphtarI. sadharmA jJAna mandira, kAMdAvADA, muMbaI 4, 1970 bhAvanAyoga nI. sAdhanA, saMpA. munizrI samadarzI prabhAkara, zrIvadharmamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina zrAvaka saMgha, vallabhabhAI roDa, muMbaI, 1970 samayasAra pravacana, zrI. vardhamAna zvetAMbara sthAnakavAsI jaina zrAvaka saMgha, jaina sAdhanA sadana, nAnApeTha, pUnA, 1970 akhaMDa jyAti, caMpakalAla TI. khokharavADA, da rilijana oNpha da jainAja, bhASAMtara- amUlyacaMdra sena, TI. sI. burka saMskRta kaoNleja, kalakattA, 1966 namaskAra mahimA, zrI jaina mitra maMDala, sAMtAkrUja (vesTa), muMbaI, vi. sa. 2017 bauddha dharma darzana, vallabhabhAI paTela yunivharsiTI, vidyAnagara, 1978 darzana aura ciMtana, paMDita sukhalAlajI sanmAna samiti, gujarAta- vidyAsabhA, bhadra, ahamadAbAda-9, 1957 yoga darzana tathA yoga-viMzikA, zAha, dhIrajalAla TokarasI zAha, nagInabhAI saMghavI, paMDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI, paMDita sukhalAlajIsAdhu, bramhadarzanadAsa sAdhvI, ujjvalakumArI sAdhvI, ujjvalakumArI sAdhvI, dharmazIlA karma siddhAnta ane punarjanma, svAmI nArAyaNa akSarapITha, zAhIbAga, ahamadAvAda, 2004 jIvana dharma, saMpA. ratnakumAra jaina 'ratneza', svAzraya prakAzana samiti, dillI, 1955 jIvana dharma, saMpA. ratnakumAra jaina 'ratneza', sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1949 / Namo siddhANaM pada : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana, zrI ujjvala dharma TrasTa, zrI esa. esa. jaina saMgha ayanAvarama, muMbaI, 2001 zrI pratikramaNa sUtra, ujjvaladharma TrasTa,'DaoN.DI. ena. gosaliyA, mahezavilA, ghATakopara, muMbaI, 2002 jaina darzanAtIla nava tattve, ujjvala sAhitya prakAzana, DaoN. dhIrendra esa. gosaliyA, ghATakopara, muMbaI, sAdhvI, dharmazIlA sAdhvI, DaoN. dharmazIlA

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seThiyA, Agaracandra bhairodAna seThiyA, bhairodAna seThiyA, bhairodAna svAmI, zrI zaMkarAcArya Da) vividha koza graMtha abhidhAna rAjendra koza (7 khaMDa)abhidhAna rAjendra koza (7 khaMDa) - jaina jema DikzanarI- jaina lakSaNAvalI - jainAgama nirdezikA jainendra siddhAMta-koza (4 khaMDa ) - dezI - zabda-koSa - pAiya-sadda - mahaNNavo - praoNpara nemsa (2 khaMDa ) - prAkRta - 402 navatattva, zrI agaracaMda bhairodAna jaina pAramArthika saMsthAna, granthAlaya bhavana, bIkAnera, vI. niM. 2490 zrI jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha, zrI agaracaMda bhairodAna jaina pAramArthika saMsthAna, granthAlaya bhavana, bIkAnera, vi. saM. 2005 ardhamAgadhI koza ( 5 khaMDa) - Agama-zabda-koza ekArthaka- koza e kaoNprihensiva a~Da kriTikala DikzanarI oNpha prAkRta laeNgvejesa (vhaoNlyUma 1, 2) zikSAsAra saMgraha, zrI. agaracaMda bhairodAna seThiyA, jainapAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera (rAja.), vI. ni. 2499 zaMkarAcArya praznottarI, gItA presa, gorakhapura zrI vijaya rAjendrasUrIzvarajI, ratalAma 1913 saMkalana DaoN. priyadarzanAzrI, DaoN. sudarzanAzrI, zAha dIpacaMda chaganalAla jI, sadara bAjAra, bhInamAla (rAja.) 1998 muni ratanacaMdajI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1988 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU 1980 jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU 1984 DaoN. a. mA. ghATage, bhAMDArakara orieNTala risarca insTyUiTa, puNe- 1996 je. el. jainI, ArA, 1918 bAlacaMdra zAstrI, vIra sevA maMdira, prakAzana, dillI, 1973 muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala', dillI, 1966 jainendra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1920 jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU, 1988 haragoviMdadAsa seTha prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, banArasa, 1963 el. DI. insTiTayUTa, ahamadAbAda, 1970-72

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403 Da) vividha zodha patrikA amarabhAratI (mAsika)anekAnta (traimAsika) aeNnalsa (vArSika)jinavANI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA vIra sevA maMdira, dillI bhAMDArakara orieNTala risarca insTyUiTa, pUnA karmasiddhAMta vizeSAMka, samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDaLa, bApUbAjAra, jayapura jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU kundakunda bhAratI, dillI ela. DI. insTiTayUTa oNpha inDaoNlaoNjI, ahamadAbAda, loka saMskRti ke aMcala vizeSAMka tulasI prajJA (traimAsika)prAkRta vidyA (traimAsika)sambodhisammelana patrikA xxxxx * * * * * xxxxx

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