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________________ mUkamATI mImAMsA - prathama khaNDa sampAdana DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' para kendrita vividha AyAmI samIkSAoM ke prastuta saMkalana 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' meM samIkSakoM ne prayAsa kiyA hai ki Alocya grantha kA kathya ubharakara pAThakoM ke samakSa spaSTa rUpa se A jaay| etadartha dharma, darzana, adhyAtma, kAvya Adi vibhinna koNoM se use dekhA-parakhA gayA hai| svayaM racanAkAra mAnatA hai ki jaina prasthAna ke kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai| yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara sAmAnya bhI viziSTa ho gayA hai, rAga bhI vairAgyaparyavasAyI ho gayA hai| isakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, dArzanika kSetroM meM praviSTa avAMchita sthitiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai| samIkSakoM ne AcAryazrI kI ina mAnyatAoM kA apane vaicArika Aloka meM pallavana, sampoSaNa evaM saMvardhana kiyA hai| ye samIkSAe~ pATha yA pAThakavAdI dRSTi se nahIM, apitu kRtikAra kI kRti ko kendra meM rakhakara isa prakAra prastuta huI haiM ki jijJAsu evaM rasika pAThaka racanAkAra ke kahe-anakahe kI gaharAiyoM se saMvAda lAbha kara ske| samIkSakoM ne isa kAlajayI kRti meM nihita jahA~ jIvana kI cirantana, UrdhvamukhI, sAttvika vRttiyoM evaM gahana dArzanika pakSoM kA anAvaraNa kiyA hai vahIM samakAlIna samasyAoM ke saMketoM ko bhI vistRta pIThikA para vivecita aura samIkSita kiyA hai| yuga kI arthalipsA, yazolipsA, ahaMkArika aura AtaMkavAdI samakAlIna udagravRttiyoM para svayaM racanAkAra evaM samIkSakoM kI samIkSaNa vRtti rekhAMkanIya hai| ukta cirantana evaM adyatana samasyAoM aura unakI samAhitiyoM kI vibhinna sthitiyoM ke atirikta sAhitya zAstra ke gambhIra adhyetAoM ne pakSa-pratipakSa pUrvaka isake prabandhatva yA mahAkAvyatva para talAvagAhI AloDana-viloDana kara batAyA hai ki prastuta kRti eka zAstrakAvya hai| mahAkAvya kA sandarbha Ate hI nAyaka-nAyikA, usakI prakRti, bhAva-rasa kI vividha starIya sthitiyA~, kathAnaka kI saMzliSTatA, AdhikArikaprAsaMgika kathAoM kA saMyojana jaise vastugata pakSoM ke sAtha usake kalAtmaka pakSa kA bhI vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| kRti meM racanAkAra kA vAkpATava, AlaMkArika bhaMgimA, bhASA para usake apratima adhikAra ko bhI suspaSTa kiyA hai| vizvAsa hai, yaha saMkalana racanAkAra se pAThaka kA saMvAda karAtA huA apane dAyitva kA samagratA meM pratyAzita nirvAha kara skegaa| ISBN 978-81-263-1409-6(Set) 978-81-263-1410-2 (Vol. I)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) prathama khaMDa
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racayitA digambara jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) prathama khaNDa sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI bhAratIya jJAnapITha (ka) bhAratIya jJAnapITha
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________________ ISBN 978-81-263-1409-6(Set) 978-81-263-1410-2 (Vol. I) mUkamATI-mImAMsA (tIna khaNDoM meM) ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para samAlocanAtmaka AlekhoM kA saMgraha) Mookmati Meemansa (in 3 Vols.) prathama khaNDa sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI sampAdana sahAyaka DaoN. Ara.DI. mizra, DaoN. zakuntalA caurasiyA, DaoN. saralA mizrA prabandha sampAdaka maMDala sureza sarala (jabalapura), santoSa siMghaI (damoha) nareza divAkara (sivanI), subhASa 'khamariyA' (sAgara) mUrtidevI granthamAlA : hindI granthAMka 40 prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI-110003 lez2ara TAipaseTiMga : dilIpa jaina 'guDDA', besTa kampyUTarsa, sAgara (ma. pra.) citrAMkana : prakAza mANikasA rAULa, aMjanagAva surjI (mahArASTra) AvaraNa-citra : saMjIva zAzvatI, AvaraNa-sajjA : candrakAnta zarmA mudraka : vikAsa kampyUTara aiMDa priMTarsa, dillI-110032 (c)bhAratIya jJAnapITha prathama saMskaraNa : 2007 prathama khaNDa, mUlya : 450 rupaye tInoM khaNDa, mUlya: 1100 rupaye Published by Bharatiya Jnanpith 18, Institutional Area, Lodi Road New Delhi-110 003 First Edition : 2007 Volume 1, Price : Rs. 450 Full set, Price: Rs. 1100
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________________ udbhAvanA apane sthApanAkAla se hI jJAnapITha bhAratIya cintanadhArA ke vividha AyAmI pakSoM ko kendrita kara likhe jA rahe samagra samakAlIna sAhitya kI kAlajayI racanAoM ko prabuddha pAThakoM taka le jAne kI agraNI bhUmikA nibhAtA A rahA hai| yaha saba isalie ki isase hindI bhASAbhASI pAThaka to lAbhAnvita hoMge hI, isake mAdhyama se vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM ke racanAkAroM evaM sajaga pAThakoM ke bIca tAdAtmya bhI sthApita ho sake, paraspara vaicArika pratikriyA aura AdAna-pradAna ho ske| isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ke unnAyaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ne dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma ke sAra ko AdhAra banAkara sAmAjika pariprekSya meM sama-sAmayika samasyAoM ke nivAraNa kI maMgala bhAvanA se hindI meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA sRjana kiyA thaa| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne bar3I tatparatA se isa gauravagrantha kA prathama saMskaraNa 1988 meM prakAzita kara ise bRhat pAThaka samudAya taka pahu~cAne kA kArya kiyA thA / yaha kRti itanI lokapriya huI ki san 2006 taka isakI ATha AvRttiyA~ ho cukI haiN| isI grantha kA marAThI anuvAda 'mUkamAtI' bhI jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isake a~grejI, bAMglA aura kannar3a anuvAda bhI kI prakriyA meM haiN| mudraNa AtaMkavAda, ArakSaNa vaM dalita samasyAoM ke samAdhAna tathA dahejaprathA, arthalipsA jaisI sAmAjika kurItiyoM kA nirmUlana evaM vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI prakriyA kA nirdhAraNa isa racanA kA mUlabhUta prayojana mAnA jA sakatA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake lekhana meM taponidhi kA santa-svabhAva kriyAzIla rahA hai| yaha jAnakara hama sabhI ko sukhada Azcarya hogA ki isake vyApaka pracAra-prasAra evaM viSayagata bhAvoM ke sahaja sampreSaNa hone ke phalasvarUpa deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ke antargata AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke vipula vAGmaya sambandhI 41 zodhakAryoM meM se 'mUkamATI' para aba taka 4 DI.liT., 22 pI-eca. DI., 7 ema. phila. ke zodha-prabandha tathA 2 ema. eDa. aura 6 ema.e. ke laghu zodha-prabandha likhe jA cuke / rahe haiM / isa kAlajayI kRti para aba taka jina vikhyAta samIkSakoM ne kRtikAra kI mAnyatAoM evaM kAvya ke vaiziSTya kA apane vaicArika Aloka meM jisa taraha AloDana- viloDana kiyA hai aura ise Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI, vizeSarUpa se hindI kAvya - sAhitya kI, apUrva upalabdhi mAnA hai, usa prabhUta sampadA ko bhI pAThaka taka preSita karane kA hamArA kartavya bana jAtA hai| hindI ke labdhapratiSTha sAhityakAra tathA sAhitya akAdemI, nayI dillI ke pUrva saciva DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave ke pradhAna sampAdakatva meM sampUrNa bhArata ke lagabhaga 300 samAlocakoM ne 'mUkamATI' ke vibhinna pakSoM para apanI kalama calAyI thii| unake Akasmika dehAvasAna ke kAraNa, bAda meM prastuta grantha 'mUkamATImImAMsA' ke pRthak-pRthak tIna khaMDoM vAle isa samIkSA grantha kA kuzala sampAdana vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina
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________________ vi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM mUrdhanya vidvAna AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI ne kiyA hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha unake prati apanI kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hai| isa bRhad grantha ke prabandha sampAdaka maMDala kA dhanyavAda ki pAMDulipi taiyAra karAne se lekara usake prakAzana ke lie apanI pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa se sevAeM pradAna kii| anta meM paramapUjya AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke zrIcaraNoM meM hamArA namana, ki unake AzIrvAda se hI yaha kArya sahajarUpa se sampanna huaa| hamane apanI ora se prayAsabhara grantha kI sAja-sa~bhAla aura usake sundara prakAzana meM tatparatA baratI hai| phira bhI isa dizA meM koI truTi yA kamI raha jAtI hai to suvijJa pAThaka usa ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita kareMge, tAki agalI AvRtti meM usakA yathAsambhava zodhana kiyA jA ske| zubhaM bhuuyaat| -sAhU akhileza jaina nayI dillI prabandha nyAsI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha 11 janavarI 2007
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________________ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja se vArtAlApa karate hue 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' ke sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI se bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave kI 'mUkamATI' para kendrita bAtacIta sthAna-'tyAgI bhavana', zrI digambara jaina moThe mandira ke nikaTa, itavArI bAjAra, nAgapura, mahArASTra caitra zukla navamI - rAmanavamI divasa, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2517, vikrama saMvat 2048, ravivAra, 24 mArca 1991 IsvI [saMketa - pra. mA. - prabhAkara mAcave, A. vi. - AcArya vidyAsAgara ] pra.mA.- 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka grantha yA mahAkAvya likhane kI preraNA Apako kahA~ se aura kaise huI ? kyoM huI ? maiMne yaha isalie pUchA ki jaina purAkhyAnoM meM, kathAnakoM meM vasundharA yA pRthivI ke prati, miTTI ke prati aisI kyA bAta thI jisane Apako isa taraha se itanA bar3A mahAkAvya likhane kI preraNA dI ? A. vi.- hA~, hamane socA ki kAvya aura usameM bhI adhyAtmaparaka kAvya kA mUla viSaya sattA - mahAsattA ho, use banAnA ucita hogaa| adhyAtma kI nIMva isI mahAsattA para rakhI jA sakatI hai, jo vyApaka hotI hai| ise anta:preraNA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| paMcAstikAya' grantha (gAthA 8) meM kahA gayA hai : "sattA savvapayatthA savissarUvA aNaMtapajjAyA / bhaMguppAdadhuvattA sappaDivakkhA havadi ekkA // " yAnI sabhI padArthoM meM sattA vidyamAna rahatI hai| vaha vizva yAnI aneka rUpa hai, ananta paryAyAtmaka hai, utpAda vyaya- dhrauvyazAlI hai aura vaha eka hai tathA pratipakSadharmayukta hai| pra. mA.- yaha mahAsattA kyA aNu se Arambha hotI hai ? A. vi.- hA~, vaha aNu meM bhI hai aura mahat meM bhI hai / vaha saba meM vyApta hai / vaha guNa meM bhI hai aura paryAya meM bhI hai / vaha guNavat bhI hai aura paryAyavat bhI hai| vaha apane Apa meM dravyavat bhI ho sakatI hai yAnI sarvAMgINa bhI ho sakatI hai| samaSTi yA vyaSTi se koI matalaba nahIM - vaha sarvavyApI hai / jahA~ kahIM bhI hai, usa sabako sat se jor3ate calanA caahie| pra. mA.- jaba Apa 'sattA' ko 'dravya' kahate haiM to vaha kyA aura kaisA hotA hai ? A. vi.-'dravya' yahA~ usako kahate haiM jo 'guNa' va 'paryAya' kA AdhAra hotA hai / [('guNaparyayavad dravyam', tattvArtha sUtra, 5/38) / yaha dravya bhI sat hai ('utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat'(tattvArthasUtra, 5/30) yAnI yahA~ pratyeka vastu meM sattA vidyamAna hai aura vastu utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta hai / vastu utpAda-vyayazAlI bhI hai aura sthira bhii| vaha nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI / deza-kAlajanya pariNamanazIla dharma 'paryAya' hai aura vastusattA meM eka rasa vidyamAna rahane vAlA dharma 'guNa' hai|] to 'dravya' jo hai, vaha jIva ke rUpa meM raha sakatA hai evaM ajIva ke rUpa meM bhI ho sakatA hai| lekina 'sata' jo hai vaha jIva aura ajIva-ubhayatra vidyamAna hai| aise hI eka tattva ko pratIka banAkara hamane socA ki isa mAdhyama se sArabhUta jo hai, vaha saba kahA jA sakatA hai| pra. mA.- aNu se manu taka kI jo yAtrA hai, mRNmaya se cinmaya taka kI jo yAtrA hai-jisako hama meTAmaoNrkosisa/ TraoNnsphaoNrmezana (Metamorphosis / Transformation) yAnI rUpAntaraNa kahate haiM, vaha yAtrA kisa prakAra sampanna hotI hai ? kyoM hotI hai ? ye Apake mata se kyA hai ? yaha kaise ho gayA ? yaha jo ghaTa hai-miTTI kA
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________________ viii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ghar3A, isameM AkAza kaise A gayA ? A. vi. - isameM AkAza rUpa pariNamana karane kI-matalaba AkAza ko avagAhita karane kI aura AkAza meM avagAhita hone kI, donoM taraha kI kSamatA vidyamAna hai / isI ko 'sattA' kahA jAtA hai / arthAt vaha eka bhI hai evaM aneka bhI hai; sat bhI hai aura asat bhii| vaha sabake sAtha jur3I huI hai- 'sA pratipakSA'pi vidyate, sA vizvarUpA'pi vidyate / sA ekA'pi anekA'pi vrtte|' pra. mA.- aura isake ye nAma rUpAtmaka haiM ? AkAra - Ayatana kaisA hai ? A. vi.- apane bhItara jo anaginata sambhAvanAe~ haiM, ve sabhI sat meM vidyamAna haiM aura unake AkAra ko 'paryAya' kahate haiN| ve saba pratIka banAkara vyakta kI gaIM haiM 'mUkamATI' meN| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki ye saba vyApaka hokara bhI, patita se pAvana hone kI jo yAtrA hai - nIce se uThakara utthAna kI ora agrasara hone kI jo hamArI AdhyAtmika yAtrA hai, isameM saba kI saba samAhita ho jAtI haiN| kAraNa, aise kisI nagaNya yA tuccha vyaktitva ko hama le leM aura tuma pAvana nahIM bana sakate, aisA sunakara bhI jo pAvanatA kI sIr3hI para car3hane kA prayAsa karatA hai to spaSTa ho jAyagA ki saba meM pAvanatA kI sIr3hiyoM para car3hane kI sambhAvanAe~ haiN| miTTI aise hI eka vyaktitva kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| pra. mA.- to Apa jo miTTI aura kAMcana ke - ye do ghar3e lAe haiN| usameM usake mRNmaya evaM dhAtumaya kAMcana ke banAne se ApakA koI vizeSa uddezya nahIM hai varan yaha ki ghaTatva donoM meM vyApta hai, ata: ghaTa donoM eka haiM, yaha Azaya A. vi.- nahIM, nahIM, una donoM meM ghaTatva kI vyApti dikhAkara unheM eka batAne kA uddezya nahIM hai, varan uddezya hai U~ca-nIca dikhAne kaa| pra. mA.- U~ca aura nIca kyA cIja hai ? yaha U~ca-nIca banAne vAlA kauna hai ? A. vi.- yaha U~ca-nIca kI bhAvanA manuSyoM ke mastiSka kI upaja hai| phira tadartha kucha na kucha sambodhana to denA Avazyaka hai / mere pAsa aura kucha vastu yA padArtha nahIM hai jo isako avahelita karane vAlA vyakti kucha pA ske| isIlie isako hamane kAMcana kA rUpa de diyA / kaMcana aura mRNmaya hamAre lie samAna haiM, yaha ThIka hai, parantu saba ke lie to ye samAna nahIM haiN| jisake pAsa samAnatA nahIM, viSamatA hai, usako bhI kama se kama mahAnatA kA bodha ho jaay| pra. mA.- isameM Apane 'AtaMkavAda' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isameM kAMcana kA ghar3A AtaMka karAne vAlA bana jAtA hai| isa AtaMka se Apake mana meM kahIM usa AtaMka kA bhI saMketa vidyamAna hai, jo Aja isa deza meM cala rahA hai ? kyA isa AtaMkavAda kA bhI koI bhAva Apake mana meM hai ? A. vi.- hA~, usakA bhI bhAva, sambandha hai| pra. mA. - to Apa kyA socate-samajhate haiM ? kaise AtaMkavAda kA mukAbalA kara sakate haiM ? usakA samAdhAna kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyA ho sakatA hai ? A. vi.- AtaMkavAda ko miTAne ke lie pahale hameM yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki AtaMkavAda kA prAdurbhAva kaise huA ? pra. mA.- kAraNa kI taha meM jAnA hogaa| A. vi.- vaha kAraNa yahI hai ki kahIM na kahIM zoSaNa huA hai, kahIM na kahIM anAdara yA avahelanA huI hai / usake astitva ko nakArA gayA hai| tabhI isa prakAra kI ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI haiM, yaha bhI to hameM socanA caahie|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: ix pra. mA.- aba dekhie, yahA~ para jo nava bauddha loga haiM, dalita loga haiM, harijana loga haiM, ve mAnate haiM ki hajAroM varSoM se unheM damita yA dalita kiyA gayA hai, unakA anAdara huA hai / isase unake mana meM eka hIna granthi paidA ho gaI hai / so aba ve vaisA hI nahIM rahanA cAhate haiN| ve ArakSaNa karavAte haiM ki hamAre adhikAra jyoM ke tyoM raheM aura hama nava bauddha bhI raheMge, sAtha hI adhikAra bhI leNge| yaha kahA~ taka ucita hai ? A. vi.- vikAsa kA dvAra sabake lie udghATita honA caahie| lekina vikAsa idhara-udhara se nahIM AegA apitu usI meM hogaa| hama usameM nimitta bana sakate haiM, sahayogI ho sakate haiN| hA~, yadi vaha hamAre sahayoga kA durupayoga karatA hai to vaha ThIka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vaha baccA jisake pAsa baddhi hai, usake lie hama upakaraNa jaTA sakate haiN| isa taraha sahayoga kara sakate haiN| yadi vaha kamajora buddhi kA hai to vizeSa prabandha kara sakate haiN| lekina jo vikAsa hI nahIM karanA cAhatA hai aura usI avasthA meM rahakara vikasita vyakti kI tulanA meM apane Apako (ArakSaNa kI) baisAkhI para biThAnA cAhatA hai, isase to avarodha hI paidA hogA / avarodha to hogA hI, ulaTe jo mUlyavAn padArtha yA vyakti hogA, usakA avamUlyana ho jaaegaa| sAtha hI jo mUlyavAn nahIM hai usako bhI mUlya denA par3egA / dAridraya kA hI svAgata karanA pdd'egaa| pra. mA.- Aja to deza bhara meM yahI saba dekhane meM A rahA hai, dikhAI de rahA hai / prajAtantra ke nAma para athavA sattA, ___ sampatti aura saMsthA ke nAma para hama vo kArya kara rahe haiM jisase ki avamUlyana hI ho rahA hai| A. vi.- Apane (do dina pUrva) jo tIna bAteM kahIM thIM - sattA, sampatti aura saMsthA... pra. mA.- to ina para bhI vicAra honA caahie| 'sattA' se rAjasattA nhiiN| isa sandarbha meM sattA, sampatti aura saMsthA-tInoM ko maiM eka bahuta bar3A kaMcuka mAnatA hU~ / inase manuSya kI AtmA kA bahuta bar3A hanana hotA hai / yaha bAta maiMne pahale bhI kahI hai| maiM yaha kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki prajAtantra se kyA Avazyaka rUpa se vaha hogA, jo Apa kahate haiM ? barnArDa zaoN ne kahA hai : "DemokresI ija mIDiyAkresI' - acche jo loga haiM, guNavAn jo loga haiM - Apa jaise jo loga haiM, una sabako nIce utarakara unake sAtha honA hogA, honA cAhie yA saba eka-se ho jAe~ge / sArA pAnI mailA hogA yA ki jo mailA pAnI - nIce ke jo loga haiM, ve sacamuca ke bar3e ho jAe~ge? isa prajAtAntrika prakriyA meM Apa kyA socate haiM ? A. vi.- buddhi kI apekSA se, Arthika dRSTi se aura sAtha hI zArIrika Adi dRSTi se bhI unakI jo yogyatAe~ haiM, vahA~ taka unakA mUlyAMkana honA caahie| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki unakA jo mUlya ho use bhI naz2araaMdAz2a kiyA jAya / kisI kA sarvathA avamUlyana ThIka nhiiN| pra. mA.- para ho to yahI rahA hai| A. vi.- avamUlyana se to vaha saba eka prakAra se samApta hI ho jAyagA / pra. mA. - Aja to voTa kI rAjanIti hai / prajAtantra meM saMkhyA kA hI mahattva hai, ginatI kI hI mahattA hai / ginatI yA ___ saMkhyA meM to nirakSara loga hI jyAdA haiN| maiM to samajhatA hU~ ki Aja kA jo rAjya hai vaha nirakSaroM kA, nirakSaroM ke lie, nirakSaroM dvArA calAyA jAne vAlA rAjya hai| ye saMkhyA vAle aura nirakSara hote jAe~ge, bajAya isake ki ye sAkSara hoM-samasyA yaha hai| A. vi.- lekina sAkSara hone mAtra se kyA hotA hai ? sAkSara hone ke uparAnta bhI yadi ve viloma ho gae to? kahA gayA hai : "sAkSarA: viparItAzcet rAkSasAH santi kevalam" - sAkSara viloma bhI ho sakate haiM aura aisA hone para ve kevala 'rAkSasa' hI hoNge| matalaba isa ora bhI apane ko dekhanA Avazyaka hai / sattA bahuta jaldI karavaTa
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________________ x :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA letI hai / sattA tabhI sattA hai jaba vaha sahI-sahI cala ske| pra. mA.- sArI zaktiyoM kI yahI sthiti hai / pahale jo tAnAzAhI hotI thI - cAhe vaha hiTalara kI ho, sTAlina kI ho yA sahAma kI ho.... A. vi.- saMyama to baratanA caahie| pra. mA.- prAcIna RSiyoM ne jo 'da-da-da' kahA thA - vaha ThIka hI thA - dAna, dayA aura damana / damana karanA saMyama hI hai aura saMyama dhAraNa karanA Aja bahuta Avazyaka hai| __ acchA, yaha batAie ki Aja kI pIr3hI meM, Aja kI zikSA meM jo kucha ho rahA hai - jaise ApakA grantha par3hA aura bhI mahAkAvya par3he, bahuta sArI pustakeM par3hIM - to kyA isa par3hAI se saMyama kI zikSA prApta hogI, saMyama kI bhAvanA paidA hogI aura bar3hegI ? kyoMki Aja kI par3hAI ko dekhakara aura par3hane vAloM meM AcaraNa kI giratI sthiti ko dekhakara hitacintaka manISI becaina haiN| unheM saMyama kI dIvAla DhahatI-sI dikhAI de rahI hai| maiM Apa sabake muni samAja aura anya saMghoM meM gayA, sabhAe~ bhI suniiN| para sarvatra isakI kamI lakSita ho rahI hai| logoM meM saMyama kA abhAva bar3ha rahA hai| rAmakRSNa Azrama bhI gayA / para nae loga isakI ora nahIM A rahe haiN| kAraNa, yaha mArga kaThina hai / isa mArga ko sahasA koI nahIM apanAtA / to kyA koI sarala upAya kiyA jA sakatA hai jisase sarvasAdhAraNa meM saMyama kI zikSA adhika se adhika dI jA sake ? jaise svAmI vivekAnanda ne bhI kahA aura anya logoM ne bhI kahA ki yaha kaThina mArga hai, isakA saralIkaraNa kaise ho? A. vi.- aisA hai ki do mArga nirdiSTa haiM apane yahA~ / eka rupayA hai (jo pUrNa hai-usameM sau pAI yAnI paise haiM) aura dUsarI eka pAI hai| pAI kI yAtrA yA mAtrA(saMkhyA) eka pAI se Arambha hokara ninyAnave pAI taka calatI hai| ina sabako hama pAI hI ginate haiN| isameM Apa kahIM bhI phiTa ho sakate haiN| isakI tulanA meM jo rupayA hai- usameM sau pAI cAhie hI caahie| to yadi sau nahIM ho sakate to kama se kama pAI ko to hama surakSita rakheM - jo ho sake vaha to kareM (pUrNa na ho sakeM to kyA aMza bananA hI chor3a deM ?) / eka pAI meM dUsarI pAI jor3I jA sakatI hai| isa taraha eka se do, do se tIna to ho sakate haiN| isa krama se dhIre-dhIre bar3he to ApakI yAtrA usa eka pUrNa kI ora honI hI cAhie, bar3hanI hI caahie| pra. mA.- isakA abhiprAya yaha ki saMkhyA yA mAtrAtmaka parivartana se hama guNAtmaka parivartana kI ora bar3heM ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! guNAtmaka parivartana kI ora dhIre-dhIre bddh'eN| pra. mA. - kArla mArksa kA yaha kahanA hai : "kvAnTiTI cenjez2a kvAliTI"- saMkhyA se guNAtmaka parivartana hotA hai| ho jAtA hai| kahanA yaha hai ki guNAtmaka parivartana honA caahie| A. vi.- guNAtmaka parivartana - jaise, do aura do milakara cAra ho jAte haiM aura do meM eka milA do, phira eka milA do - isa taraha do bAra dhana karane se bhI cAra ho jAte haiN| kahane kA Azaya yaha hai jo guNita na kara sakeM, vaha dhana kara ke yAnI jor3akara kareM para RNa to na kara deM (matalaba ghaTAe~ na, baDhAte hI jA~ya / vaha guNana kI paddhati se na ho sake to dhana ke krama se hI ho jaay)| pra. mA.- jI hA~, yaha bahuta acchI bAta kahI Apane / Aja to RNa kI hI sambhAvanAe~ jyAdA haiM / antararASTrIya vizva baiMka kA RNa bhI to usI kA pratIka hai, jahA~ se RNa lete haiM hama / A. vi.- Aja RNa se hI hamAre sAre kArya ho rahe haiN| pra. mA.- jI hA~ ! aba maiM ApakA dhyAna isa 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI ora phira AkRSTa karanA cAhatA hU~ / Apane mukta
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xi chanda hI kyoM cunA, isa kAvya ke lie ? Apake [jaina prasthAna ke] ve jitane pAramparika kAvya haiM - cAhe prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta yA hindI ke bahuta se kAvya hoM- mukta chanda meM itanA bar3A kAvya bahuta kama logoM ne likhA hai / 'kAmAyanI', 'urvazI', 'sAketa' bhI chandobaddha hI haiM / hariaudhajI ke kAvya bhI aise hI haiN| 'rAmAyaNa' yA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' bhI aise hI haiN| ye sabhI chandobaddha hI haiN| Apako kyA mukta chanda meM koI suvidhA lagI? kAraNa batAe~ge ? kyA kAraNa hai ? A.vi.- isameM eka to sUtrabaddhatA yAnI sUtra racanA jisako bolate haiM, usakI suvidhA mila jAtI hai jo hameM isameM dekhane ko milI / chanda jaba banAte haiM taba usameM sUtrAtmakatA nahIM A pAtI, bhale hI geyatA A jAtI hai para sUtrAtmakatA nahIM A pAtI / sUtra meM aisI kSamatA rahatI hai ki usake mAdhyama se hama saMkSepa meM bahuta kucha artha kaha lete haiN| eka suvidhA to yaha hai / dUsarI, chanda meM tukabandI Adi-Adi punarAvRtti jaisI lagatI hai| isase usameM kucha kRtrimatA bhI A jAtI hai / hama lAkha prayatna kareM kintu usakA nivAraNa nahIM kara pAte para vaha avAMchita vyAghAta yA sthiti A hI jAtI hai| pra. mA.- Apake chanda meM jyAdAtara vyakSara-prAsa A jAtA hai / telagu aura kannar3a meM bhI ye dekhane ko milatA hai| Apane kauna-kauna se mahAkAvya par3he haiM yA dekhe haiM yA kinase prabhAvita hue haiM, jo Apake lekhana meM preraNAsrota bana sake haiM ? A.vi.- mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM hindI kA to maiMne koI mahAkAvya nahIM dekhaa| pra. mA. - nahIM, apanI bhASA meM ? saMskRta, prAkRta meM yA kisI anya bhASA meM? A.vi.- nahIM, hamane zrI guru mahArAja (AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja) ke dvArA likhita jo mahAkAvya haiM, unakA unhoMne hI apane zrImukha se adhyApana karAyA thaa| unakA 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya hai, 'vIrodaya', 'sudarzanodaya' Adi mahAkAvya haiM, inake atirikta unake anya bhI jo saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha grantha haiM, unase par3hA karate the| isa prakAra saMskRta bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha hindI bhI apane Apa A gaI hai| pra. mA.- Apane 'kAmAyanI' bhI nahIM par3hI? A. vi.- guru jI ne yaha kahA thA ki pahale saMskRta sIkho, usake sAtha-sAtha yaha saba A jAyagA / pra. mA. - aMgrez2I bhI Apa par3hate haiM yA nahIM? A. vi. - hA~, thor3I-bahuta par3ha letA huuN| pra. mA. - zrI aravinda kA 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya bhI nahIM dekhA ? A. vi.- use sAhityika DhaMga se (mUla meM) nahIM pddh'aa| 'mUkamATI' sRjana ke pUrva to nahIM, kintu tatpazcAt anUdita rUpa meM dekhA hai| pra. mA. - kAphI acchA grantha hai / usakA anuvAda bhI hindI meM huA hai| usakI gaNanA bIsavIM zatI ke acche granthoM meM hotI hai / to yaha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya svataH sphUrta paddhati se likhA gayA hai| ___ acchA, yaha batAie ki isameM jo cAra khaNDa Apane rakhe haiM, isakI bhAvanA Apake mana meM kahA~ se AI ? A. vi.- nhiiN| maiMne pahale cAra khaNDa nahIM bnaae| pahale to dhArApravAha AdyopAnta yoM hI likha gyaa| bAda meM mahasUsa huA ki yaha pAThakoM ke lie asuvidhAjanaka ho sakatA hai, phalata: koI kATa-chA~Ta to nahIM kI, kintu prasaMgoM ko lekara bhinna-bhinna zIrSaka avazya race / aba ina ko (zIrSakoM ko) nikAla bhI dete haiM to bhI isakI nirantaratA bhaMga nahIM hotI, dhArA nahIM TUTatI / vaha aviruddha banI rahatI hai| sAtha hI yadi bhinna-bhinna madakhA
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________________ xii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zIrSaka rakha bhI dete haiM to pAThaka thor3A vizrAma jaisA anubhava kara letA hai| pra. mA.- acchA, aba merI jijJAsA paMca tattvoM ke sambandha meM hai / Apane jala, miTTI, sUrya-prakAza-agni, vAyu aura AkAza-inakA prayoga isameM rUpakAtmaka paddhati para kiyA hai yA ki koI aura paddhati para aura kisI anya artha meM kiyA hai ? inheM kevala bhautika paMca tattva ke rUpa meM na lekara kisI pAtra kA pratIka banAkara hI nahIM varan unakA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA hai, kahIM-kahIM divyIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| ata: aba yaha batAie ki ina tattvoM ke sambandha meM jaise miTTI Adi kahA to isake bAre meM ApakA mata kyA hai ? arthAt unake sAtha jo esosiyezansa (sAhacarya) banate haiM yA kahalAte haiM manovijJAna meM, ve kyA haiM ? ApakA 'miTTI' se kyA matalaba hai ? sacamuca hI miTTI athavA koI zarIra yA miTTI kA ghar3A ? kyA Azaya hai ApakA ? A. vi.-'miTTI' kA artha itanA hI liyA gayA hai ki vaha eka anagar3ha padArtha hai| pra.mA.- jisameM bahata sAre kaMkaDa bhI mile haiN| A. vi.- jI hA~ ! bahuta kucha mikcara (mizraNa) hai, to unakA saMzodhana karake jisa prakAra ghar3e kA rUpa diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra anagar3ha AtmAe~, jo ki anantakAlIna haiM, unako bhI koI viziSTa zilpI kA yoga mila jAtA hai aura vaha svayaM miTTI ke samAna usake prati samarpita hotA calA jAtA hai to vaha bhI nizcita rUpa se kumbha ke samAna maMgalamaya ho jAtA hai yA bana sakatA hai| pra. mA.- yaha usakA upAdAna kAraNa hai yA nimitta ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! usakA upAdAna kAraNa to vaha svayaM hai / svayaM miTTI hI loMde ke rUpa meM parivartita hogii| zilpI kA (nimitta-preraka nimitta) yoga pAkara yaha parivartana hogaa| isako apane yahA~ upAdAna evaM nimitta kAraNa bolate haiN| pra. mA.- yAnI kumbhakAra jaba kumbha banAtA hai to usakA Azaya yaha ki kumbha jo hai vahI kumbhakAra ko banA rahA hai| A. vi.- jI hA~ ! jI hA~ !! pra. mA.- isameM dvandvAtmaka prakriyA hai / to isa miTTI ke loMde se jo AkAra ubharA hai ghar3e kA, usakA kyA karanA hai ? kyA yaha pahale se kumbhakAra ke mana meM rahatA hai yA banatA jAtA hai ? usake bAda usakA upayoga hotA hai / A.vi.- hA~ ! kumbhakAra kA isameM uddezya rahatA hai, kyoMki usake mAdhyama se vaha apanI jIvikA calAtA hai / rahA kumbha, usakA matalaba yaha hai ki jo miTTI ke rUpa meM thA, vaha kumbha ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra guru aura ziSya kA sambandha hai| guru ke mAdhyama se ziSya kA utthAna hotA hai / ziSya yadi cAhegA to pAegA / usameM pAtratA A gaI hai| pra.mA.- aba maiM sRSTikartA aura sRSTi kI bAta karanA cAhatA hU~, jisakA bAra-bAra Apa ullekha karate haiN| kyA jo sRSTikartA hai vaha kumbhakAra hai aura jo sRSTi hai kumbha-vaha kyA hai ? maiM yaha jAnanA cAhatA hU~ ki vaha kisa cIja se sRSTi banAtA hai ? vaha apane andara se upajAtA hai, sRSTi banAtA hai yA koI bAhara kI cIz2a hai jisase banAtA hai ? isa viSaya meM dArzanikoM meM bahuta UhApoha aura vAda-vivAda rahA hai| jaba zaMkarAcArya se pUchA gayA ki Apake yahA~ sRSTi kyoM aura kaise banI yA banAI gaI ? to vaha yuktisaMgata uttara nA de ske| kAraNa, vaha to nirIha hai, ata: usa parama sattA meM koI icchA hI nahIM aura binA icchA ke kriyA kaise hogI ? phira vaha pUrNakAma hai, ata: use koI abhAvAtmaka prayojana bhI nahIM, phira sRSTi kyoM banAI ? jaba unako bahuta cher3A gayA to uttara diyA-"lokavattu lIlAkaivalyam"(brahmasUtra,2/1/33)-jisa prakAra loka meM niSprayojana lIlA kI jAtI hai, kyoMki lIlA kA prayojana svayaM lIlA hI hai, vaise hI paramezvara ne kI hai yaha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xiii saba lIlA | aura cher3A gayA to unhoMne kahA - 'sRSTi eka bhrama hai|' vaha vAstava meM bhrama yA ajJAna yA mAyA kI upaja hai / kahane ke lie unhoMne yaha saba kaha diyaa| ApakI dhAraNA kyA hai ? ApakI dRSTi kyA hai? kisa cIja se sRSTi banAI gaI hai ? A. vi. - sRSTi yadi racanA hai, isalie sRSTi apane Apa meM eka karma hai| mAna lo kArya hai| to kisI kA hogA / aba kisI kA hai to kisakA hai ? yaha prazna to nizcita uThegA / koI kahegA vaha kartA Izvara hai, koI kahegA bhagavAn hai aura koI kahegA mahAvIra hai, Adi -Adi / aisI sthiti meM pratyeka sat ke bhItara jo anagina sambhAvanAe~ haiM, ve saba nakAra dI jaaeNgii| ye sArI kI sArI sambhAvanAe~ usa Izvara para AdhArita ho jAe~gI aura yadi aisA mAna bhI leM to bhI hameM santuSTi nahIM milegI / asantuSTi kA kAraNa yaha hai yadi Izvara kartA hai to usane aisI viSama sRSTi kyoM banAI ? usameM samAnatA kyoM nahIM ? koI raMka hai to koI rAjA kyoM ? isalie Izvara ko kartA kaise mAnA jAya ? sRSTi meM yaha vyatyAsa kI prakriyA banI hI kyoM ? isase lagatA hai ki yaha prakriyA banI hI nahIM, kisI ne banAI bhI nhiiN| jar3a aura cetana meM antara vyApta hai, vyatyAsa hai| cU~ki jIva karma karatA hai to rAga-dveSa Adi bhI karatA hai| isa prakAra karmabandha hone ke pazcAt usI karma kA punaH udaya hotA hai / aura usakA phala vaha svayaM bhogatA hai| jar3a yaha svayaM nahIM karatA / pra. mA. - malataba usa kumbhakAra ke mana meM koI maoNDala nahIM thaa| usane pahale koI ghar3A nahIM dekhA thA aura usane apane mana se nayA banAyA / yaha naI maulika udbhAvanA hai ? kahA~ se AI ? A. vi.- nahIM, yaha udbhAvanA kharIdadAra kI cAha ke anurUpa hai, vaha jo cAhatA hai usake anurUpa hai / pra. mA.- oha ! A. vi. - grAhaka ko dekhakara hI dukAnadAra ko jJAta hotA hai ki dukAna meM kahA~-kahA~ kyA rakhA hai ? jaba grAhaka kahatA hai ki use kucha de do to dukAnadAra jijJAsA karatA hai ki use kyA de de ? usakI dukAna meM to hajAroM sAmAna bhare par3e haiM, tumheM kyA cAhie / yahI dRSTAnta isa sandarbha meM bhI lAgU hotA hai / yahA~ kevala kumbhakAra nahIM cAhatA, loMdA svayaM batA detA hai ki mujhe isa prakAra kA AkAra deM / pra. mA.- 'kAmAyanI' meM aura kazmIrI zaivadarzana meM bAra-bAra icchA, jJAna aura kriyA kI bAta AtI hai / sRSTi ke mUla meM ina tInoM kA sAmarasya rahatA hai| icchA to saba meM hotI hai para tadanurUpa jJAna saba meM nahIM hotaa| to icchA aura jJAna ke bAda kriyA kA arthAt heDa, hArTa aura haiNDa - dimAga, dila aura hasta ina tInoM kA jaba (samarasa) sambandha hotA hai, tabhI unase sRSTi kI bAta sambhava hotI hai / parantu Apane yahA~ jo bAta kahI hai, usa sandarbha meM nirAkAra yA sAkAra jaisA bhI kumbhakAra mAnA jAya, kyA usameM icchA pahale se rahatI hai ? jJAna rahatA hai ? kriyA karane kI icchA rahatI hai? yA usameM tInoM eka sAtha udbhUta rahate haiM ? Apake mana meM kyA vicAra hai ? - A. vi. - mA~ jo hotI hai, usakI apanI koI icchA nahIM hotI / pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! - bahuta acchA uttara Apane diyA / A. vi. - sAmane jaba usakA baccA AtA hai, khAnA mA~gatA hai to khAnA khilA detI hai| peTa bhara jAne para yadi vaha khelanA cAhatA hai to svayaM sAtha meM khelane lagatI hai| pra. mA. - vAha ! hamAre guru paNDita mAkhanalAla caturvedI apane ko 'mA~' likhA karate the / 'mujhako kahate haiM mAtA' unhoMne kavitA likhI thI / sArI kavitA ve isI taraha mAnate rhe| yaha milatI-julatI prakriyA hai /
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________________ Xiv:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA A. vi. - kavi ko bhI isI taraha honA par3atA hai / yadi nahIM hotA, yuga ke anurUpa apanI tasvIra nahIM banAtA to vaha kavi hI nahIM hai / pra. mA.- vAha ! kyA bAta hai / A. vi. - to isakA (kavi kA) koI artha nahIM hai, kyoMki phira yuga kaisA legA usko| maiM apanI tarapha se de dU~ to yuga svIkAra nahIM karegA / ApakI cAha ke anurUpa hama deMge to nizcita rUpa se vaha svIkArya ho jAyagA / pra. mA. ApakI yuga kI jo kalpanA hai kyA vaha dik aura kAla se ba~dhI hai ? kauna sA yuga ? kyA Aja kA yuga yA prAcIna yuga ? mahAbhArata kA yuga yA rAma kA yuga - kyA ? A. vi. - yuga hama hamezA 'vartamAna' ko hI mAnate haiM / pra. mA. - 'vartamAna' zabda kI kyA paribhASA hai ? isa kSaNa se agalA kSaNa kyA vartamAna nahIM hai ? A. vi. - jisameM bhUta nahIM, bhaviSya nahIM / pra. mA. - hA~ / A. vi. - jahA~ icchA nahIM, smaraNa nahIM, usakA nAma 'vartamAna' hai- ' vartate iti vartamAna : ' / vaha hI vartamAna hai hamArA / jo vartamAna hai, vahI vardhamAna hai hamArA / pra. mA. - vAha ! vAha !! kyA bAta hai jo vartamAna hai, vahI vardhamAna hai| buddhi se usakA sambandha hai / bahuta acchA / parantu bhUta hai usako hama bhUla bhI nahIM sakate / vaha (bhUta) usa (vartamAna) meM milA huA hai| TI. esa. iliyaTa ne likhA hai : "The past is involved in future and future and past in the present." - ye trikAla jo hai, eka pravahamAna nadI hai| hamAre cetana, acetana, ardhacetana meM ye sAre kSaNa-kSaNa jo haiM- to kSaNavAdI darzana ke jo bauddha loga haiM, ve mAnate haiM ki kSaNa hI pradhAna hai| jabaki hamAre zaMkarAcArya yA unase bhinna jo anya haiM usako (sat ko) kUTastha, acala aura dhruva arthAt usako eka nizcita kSaNa mAnate haiM / ata: kAla ke sambandha meM ApakI kyA avadhAraNA hai ? A. vi. - kAla ke mAdhyama se hama karate haiM, kAla meM karate haiM kintu kAla ke dvArA hama nahIM karate / pra. mA. manuSyatva se kAla koI alaga cIja hai ? A. vi. - kAla alaga cIz2a hote hue bhI eka 'sva-kAla' hotA hai aura eka 'para kAla' hotA hai| eka sva-catuSTaya (sva- dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ) aura eka para catuSTaya (para- dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ) hotA hai / apanI yogyatA hI 'sva- kAla' hai aura para kA sahayoga jo apekSita hai, vaha 'para- kAla' hai / pra. mA.- ina donoM kA sambandha kaise hotA hai ? A. vi.- ina donoM kA sambandha usI prakAra hotA hai - jaise karaMTa aura tAra / karaMTa sva- kAla hai| karaMTa svayaM prakAzamAn hai aura jo vAyara hai usake lie para- kAla hai| vAyara ke binA vaha (karaMTa) eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka nahIM jA sakatA / para vaha sAdhana (upakaraNa) mAtra hai / svayaM vaha preSita nahIM karatA mAtra mIDiyama / mAdhyama hai / yadi hama cAhate haiM to jitanI gati ke sAtha karaMTa daur3egA vaha usakI apanI kSamatA hogii| pra. mA. - to kAla karaMTa hai aura manuSya mIDiyama ? A. vi. - nahIM, kAla kevala vAyara hai aura karaMTa jo hai vaha svayaM gatimAn padArtha hai / jIva cetana hai / vaha svayaM yAtrA karegA to usake lie kAla sahayoga kregaa| kAla ke dvArA karaMTa (jIva) nahIM daur3a rahA hai| pra. mA. - to isakI pratyabhijJA kaise hotI hai, jJAna kaise hotA hai ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xv A. vi.- hameM kyA karanA hai, kahA~ taka calanA hai-vaise karate cale jaaeN| yaha Avazyaka hai / jaise, vartamAna ko lekara hama caleM / eka vyakti tAra ke Upara cala rahA hai / vaha atIta kI ora, pITha kI ora nahIM dekhatA / isa prakAra hone se bhUta bhI usakA gAyaba ho gayA evaM vartamAna kI ora bhI vaha dekhatA nahIM, lekina vartamAna meM hI vaha cala rahA hai / paira usake vartamAna haiN| pra. mA.- bhaviSya ? A. vi.- bhaviSya AzAtmaka nahIM hai / pahu~cane rUpa hai| prati (hara) samaya vaha cala rahA hai / isalie bhaviSya usakA nizcita rUpa se ujjvala hai| loga use dekhate rahate haiM aura vaha pAra kara jAtA hai| pra. mA.- mArksavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki pratikSaNa jaba Apa eka-eka kadama calate haiM to ApakA jo dAhinA paira hai vaha bAe~ paira kA niSedha hai aura jaba agalA paira calegA taba dAe~ paira kA niSedha hogA arthAt niSedha kA niSedhaM, nakAra kA nkaar| A. vi.- lekina hama donoM paira se nahIM calate haiM, eka hI paira se calate haiN| dUsarA paira hamAre lie sahayogI rahatA hai, vaha TikA huA rahatA hai / ye dhana aura RNa haiN| pra. mA.- yAnI dhana aura RNa do alaga-alaga karaMTa nahIM haiM ? A. vi.- alaga-alaga karaMTa nahIM haiN| vaha donoM kI saMyojanA hai| karaMTa donoM kI saMyojanA hai| na kevala dhana meM karaMTa hai aura na kevala RNa meN| pra. mA.- unakA dvandva nahIM hai| A. vi.- nahIM, sahayoga hai / donoM paira se hama caleMge to hama 'lA~ga jampa' vAle kahalAe~ge yA 'hAI jampa' vAle kahalAe~ge kintu 'vAkiMga' (walking) vAle nahIM khlaaeNge| pra. mA.- bahuta acchA / A. vi.- eka paira se hI calA jAtA hai aura taba dUsarA paira baileMsa meM rahatA hai| pra. mA.- maiksamUlara ne rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa para jarmana meM eka pustaka likhI hai| usameM bahuta acchA likhA hai / usameM likhA hai ki DAyalekTika (Dialectic) jo hai yA paraspara dvandvAtmakatA jo hai, usameM eka dUsare ko kATane kI bAta hai yAnI nakAra kA nakAra / bhAratIya darzana meM yaha kATa-pITa nahIM hai, yahA~ mAtra Dialogue hai| A. vi.- hA~ saMyojana hai, DAyalekTika nahIM hai| jaise kheta meM bahuta-sA sasya hai| usameM havA bahatI hai, taba vaha eka dUsare meM saMcAra karatI hai, eka dUsare ko kATatI nhiiN| pra. mA.- jaise ikabAla ne kahA hai : "jiyo, magara mauz2oM kI taraha jiyo|" eka lahara AtI hai vaha dUsarI lahara ko kATatI nahIM varan eka dUsare ko Age bar3hAtI huI Age calI jAtI hai| ApakA darzana bhI isI taraha socatA A. vi.- jI hA~ ! pra. mA. - phira bhI mujhe yaha spaSTa nahIM huA ki yaha kAla kA jo ApakA avabodha hai, kAla kI jo ApakI parikalpanA hai, usakA 'dik se yAnI dizA se kyA sambandha hai aura una donoM kA kAvya se kyA sambandha hai ? A. vi.- dizA eka prakAra se "sahI dizA kA prasAda hI/sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai|" (draSTavya, pR. 352) pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! 'mUkamATI' meM hai yaha ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! 'mUkamATI' meM hai| yahI dizA hai / dik kA artha dizA nahIM, bodha hai /
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________________ xvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pra. mA.- to phira Apa ke cintana meM rASTra zabda nahIM AegA ? kyoMki rASTra zabda dizA se ba~dhA hai kisI sImA meN| 'kisI dizA meM -isakA artha kyA hogA? A. vi.- rASTra apane yahA~ eka prakAra se saMyojanA jo kucha banatI hai, usakA nAma hai / vahI hai deza / samAja' ko kendra meM rakhakara jo vicAradhArA banatI hai vaha hai samAjavAda / samAja samUha artha kA vAcaka hai aura samUha kA artha hai-sam yAnI samIcIna rUpa se Uha arthAt vicAra / matalaba jahA~ AcAra-vicAra samIcIna hoM, vaha hai samAja / jo isa vAda meM AsthA rakhatA hai vaha hai samAjavAdI / anyathA samAja to bAda meM hai-hama samAjavAdI (pahale) haiN| pra. mA.- bahuta acchA ! kintu deza-deza meM Apasa kA jo vitaNDA yA vikhaNDana hai, vaha bhI vicAraNIya hai isa sandarbha meM / yaha to eka tathya yA satya hai ki bhArata eka deza hai / usake Aja tIna khaNDa ho gae haiM - bhArata, pAkistAna aura bAMglAdeza / yaha vibhAjana-jo dik se jur3A hai vahA~ hai yA hamAre cintana yA avadhAraNA meM A. vi.- hamAre vicAroM meM vighaTana kA nAma hI deza kA vibhAjana hai / deza meM koI vibhAjana huA hI nhiiN| yaha vicAroM kA vighaTana hai| isa vibhAjana ko vicAroM kA hI vighaTana bolA jAtA hai| pra. mA.- vicAroM kA vighaTana ! to ApakA kyA khyAla hai ki vicAroM kA yaha vighaTana samApta ho jAyagA ? kyA sArI duniyA~ eka ho jAyagI? A. vi. - eka ho yA na ho, eka hone kI bhAvanA yA vicAra hama rakheMge to nizcita rUpa se dUsare meM bhI sambhAvanA dekha sakate haiN| pra. mA.- pahale bhArata eka thA / hama dekha rahe haiM ki vikhaNDana kI kriyA bhayAnaka rUpa se cala rahI hai / bar3ha rahI hai / dekha lIjie- asama, paMjAba, tamilanADu, jammU-kazmIra Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| A. vi.- isameM kAraNa eka mAtra hai ki Upara se hama ekatA bhale cAhate hoM lekina bhItara se nahIM caahte| pra. mA. - hA~ ! yaha ekatA kA jo hama pracAra Adi kara rahe haiM, yaha sirpha pracAra hai| aba, hama kavitA kI ora Ate haiN| kAvya dik-kAlAtIta hotA hai yA dizA aura kAla se ba~dhA hotA hai ? A. vi.- kavitA svAzrita hotI hai / svAyatta hotI hai / isakA dizA-kAla se koI sambandha nahIM hai| pra. mA.- svAzrita (hotI hai kavitA) ! usakA kyA dizA-kAla se koI sambandha nahIM ? A. vi.- koI nhiiN| pra. mA. - para udbhUta to hotI hI dizA meM hI, dizA-kAla se hii| A. vi. - 'sva' meM (yA 'sva' se) udbhUta hotI hai| pra. mA. - para bhASA se to ba~dhI hai ? A. vi.- hA~ ! bhASA se bA~dhanA par3atA hai| jaise janma hone ke bAda AvaraNa yA AbharaNa A jAtA hai| pra. mA.- bhASA to digambara nahIM ho sktii| bhASA ke sAtha to dizA-kAla ba~dhA hai| A. vi.- bhASA kI paribhASA bhI eka prakAra se digambara jaisI hI hai / hama banA dete haiM to bana jAtI hai, nahIM to nahIM hai| bhItara se bhAva yahI hai ki bhAva hamezA utpanna hote rahate haiM aura bhAvoM ko hamezA vyavasthita rakhane ke lie bhAvoM ko, bhASA ko apanAnA par3atA hai / vaha apanAnA kahA~ taka hai, yaha Apa hI jAneM / para hamArA rAjakumAra to rAjakumAra hI hai, rUpavAn hai / bAda meM bhale hI vastra rakha do to rakha do, nahIM bhI rakho to hamArA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : :: xvii rAjakumAra to rAjakumAra hI hai / pra. mA.- kyA bAta hai ! 'svAzrita' jaba Apane kahA to isameM kavitA kA koI bhAvaka, koI sAmAjika, koI rasajJa, koI usakA grahaNa karane vAlA bhI abhihita hai yA nahIM ? kyA Apa yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki maiMne kAvya 'svAntaH sukhAya' likha diyA / vaha havA meM yA zUnya meM rahe, koI na bhI par3he to paravAha nahIM ? A. vi.- rasoiyA jo hai na, vaha pAkazAstra ko jAnatA hai / pAkazAstra jAnane vAlA vyakti apane 'pAka' ko dUsaroM taka pahu~cAne kI koziza avazya karatA hai / pra. mA. - karatA hI hai| matalaba dUsarA hai usake mana meM ? A. vi. - ! lekina dUsarA hai, isalie mana meM hai, aisA nahIM / vaha apane meM utpanna karatA hai ki jo khAne ke lie AyA, usako pUchane nahIM jAtA ki Apako kyA cAhie yA kaise banAU~ / hA~, jitanA khAnA hai, utanA khA lo| lekina maiM banAU~gA to apane rasa pAkajJAna se hI banAU~gA / pra. mA. - kyA Apa kavitA ko saMvAda nahIM mAnate ? A. vi. - nhiiN| pra. mA. - 'svAzrita' meM 'para' yaha jo hai usakA svAda lene vAlA hai, svAdaka nihita hai / A.vi. - 'sva' ke sAtha vaha bhojana to kara hI rahA hai, sva ke sAtha dUsaroM ko bhI lAbha ho jAya to ThIka hai, kintu vaha hI hai| pra. mA. - kevala AtmAbhivyakti mAnate haiM ? A. vi. - nhiiN| vo to saMvAda meM A hI nahIM sakatA / pra. mA. - saMvAda se merA matalaba hai - sampreSaNa / yAnI koI aura hai jisase maiM bAta karanA cAhatA hU~ / A. vi. - 'vad' dhAtu se 'vAda' banA hai to phira kavitA ke lie vad se jur3A hI nahIM / T pra. mA.- hA~ ! hA~ !! vAda, vivAda, saMvAda, pravAda Adi / to vAda yA bhASA jaisA Apa kaha rahe haiM, vaha kevala AtmAbhivyakti hai yAnI svAbhAvika hI hai / A. vi. - isIlie 'mUkamATI' meM likhA hai - parAvAk, pazyantI, madhyamA aura vaikharI / ye cAroM haiM lekina ye sAre ke sAre yogIgamya haiM, mAtra vaikharI hI zrotrendriya kA viSaya bana pAtI hai| pra. mA. - kAvya kA anta mujhe aisA lagA ki Apane kucha jaldI kara diyaa| mujhe samajha meM nahIM AyA ki anta meM hotA hai isa ghar3e ko lekara ke mUkamATI kA / A. vi. - usakI pUrNatA ho gii| usakI yAtrA pUrNa ho gaI mauna meM / vaha mauna meM lIna hai aura jaba pUrNatA ho jAtI hai, to anubhUti A jAtI hai / jaba anubhUti ho jAtI hai taba vacana ko, vAkya ko virAma milatA hai| phira bolanA, kyA bolanA ? pra. mA.- yaha jo ApakI dhAraNA hai vaha bahuta kucha jhena bauddha dharma ke nikaTa hai| maiM bahuta se jhena bauddha maThoM meM gayA / maiMne vahA~ dekhA hai ki ve loga pattharoM ko jamA kara lete haiM aura baiThe rahate haiM aura socate haiM ki jharanA hai / candramA kI tarapha dekhate haiM aura ghaNToM baiThe rahate haiM, bAta nahIM karate haiN| khAlI kapa meM pAnI rahatA hai use thor3A-thor3A pIte haiN| samajhate haiM ki cAya pI rahe haiN| ye jo jhena hai, vaha 'dhyAna' se niSpanna hai| unakA kahanA hai ki jaise hAtha para hAtha mAreM to AvAja hotI hai, vaise hI eka hAtha se bhI AvAz2a AnI caahie| ve varSoM kevala isI AvAz2a ko sunate haiM havA meM / mere lie yaha vicitra sthiti hai ki 'jo hai, usako hama nahIM hai' taka le jAte haiM / vANI
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________________ xviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Satta taka le jAnA zUnya kI ora le jAnA hai / A. vi. - nahIM / zUnya kI ora nahIM / vahI vAstava meM eka sahI, satya taka pahu~cAne kI yAtrA hai| zabda bolane meM AtA bhI AtA hai| bodha bolane meM nahIM AtA, sunane meM nahIM AtA lekina bodha ko vANI milI, aura aisA kaha dete haiM / to zabda - pratyaya se artha - pratyaya yAnI bodha-pratyaya hotA hai / pra. mA. - isameM 'zodha' aura 'bodha' Apane kahA hai / A. vi.- isake uparAnta 'zodha' AtA hai| zodha meM zabda bhI gAyaba ho jAtA hai aura bodha kahatA hai ki bahuta paMgu hU~ maiM, kyoMki usa phUla kA nAma hai bodha aura per3a kA nAma hai zabda / to zabda ke paudhoM ke Upara bodha ke phUla lageM, yaha koI niyama nahIM / pra. mA. - usakI surabhi to hai ? A. vi.- isake uparAnta bodha ke pAsa bhale hI surabhi ho lekina tRpti kA sAdhana phUla nahIM / zodha meM surabhi bhI hai aura phala bhI / hamAre kAma meM to donoM Ate haiN| isalie jaba taka bodha hai, taba taka zodha nhiiN| bodha ko hI zodha hogA yAnI phUla ko phala meM DhalanA hogaa| kintu dhyAna rahe - phUla kA rakSaNa ho aura phala kA bhakSaNa 1 ho / pra. mA.- vAha ! vAha !! to yaha zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA hai| isa 'mUkamATI' sambandhI eka jijJAsA mere mana meM aura thI ki manu aura aNu- - ye zabda prayoga kie haiM Apane / to aNu ke sphoTa ko lekara ke Aja vizva meM jisa taraha kI bAteM ho rahI haiM, usa sandarbha meM ApakA mata kyA hai ? aNu kI jo zodha kI jA rahI hai, usase manu ko kucha lAbha hogA ? manu kucha Age bar3hegA ? A. vi. - nhiiN| vaha rokI jAe, aisA maiM nahIM kaha rahA huuN| lekina aNu kA prayoga kyoM kiyA jA rahA hai ? aNu prayoga karane vAlA manu kI paramparA ko lA~ghegA to Ananda nahIM le skegaa| svayaM AiMsTIna ne yaha kahA ki maiMne aNu kA zodha kiyA hai, yaha nizcita bAta hai, lekina prayoga karane ke lie nahIM kahA / prakRti para hama prayoga kareMge to nizcita rUpa se hamArI hAra hogI aura jaba taka manuSya kA dila aura dimAg2a ThikAne hai taba taka ye eTama bama, hAiDrojana bama Adi hamArA kucha bhI bigAr3a nahIM kreNge| lekina jisa dina yaha mastiSka / mana vikRta ho jAyagA vaha hamAre lie AtmanAzI hogA / isalie prayoga ke lie nahIM kahA hai| yoga rakhie, prayoga nahIM / : pra. mA. - parantu kavi to yaha mAnatA hai ki vaha sadA viyoga meM rahatA "viyogI hogA pahalA kavi Aha se upajA hogA gAna / umar3a kara A~khoM se cupacApa bahI hogI kavitA anajAna / " isa duniyA kI sArI kavitA atRpti phUTI hai| A. vi. - bahuta acchA / sunie ! vaha jo yoga-saMyoga va viyoga ke ulajhana meM pha~sA hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se, niyoga rUpa se yoga kA AdhAra nahIM le sakatA aura yadi yoga kA AdhAra nahIM le sakegA to usake upayoga meM vizva hai, yaha A hI nahIM sakegA / yahA~ para logoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki yaha to santoM kA mArga hai| muniyoM kA mArga hai| yahA~ mukta hokara Apa mauna kI ora, parama mokSa kI ora jAe~ge / pra. mA. - A. vi. - nahIM, nahIM, nahIM / pra. mA. - parantu becArA kavi jo hai vaha darda meM chaTapaTAtA rahatA hai : "darda kA hada se guz2aranA hai davA ho jaanaa|"
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xix A. vi.- jo yaha kahA hai ki darda, davA aura havA - inheM hameM dekhanA Avazyaka hai / jaba havA se kAma nahIM calatA taba davA kAma meM AtI hai aura jaba davA se kAma nahIM calatA taba duA kAma AtI hai| lekina ye bilakula bAharI jagat kI bAta ho gii| jaba duA kAma nahIM AtI usa samaya hameM kyA karanA ? kauna-sA AdhAra hai ? kisa kI zaraNa meM jAe~ aura kauna-sA hamArA eka sahArA yA stambha ho ? nizcita bAta to yaha hai ki jaba duA kAma nahIM karatI taba parama cetanA- zuddha Atmatattva - svayambhuvA kAma karatI hai| pra. mA. - to Apane, mahAkAvya jo hai, yaha ekadama preraNA huI aura likha diyA aisA hai ? kitanA samaya lagA likhane A. vi.- lagAtAra likhate gae, lagabhaga paune tIna varSa* lge| pra. mA. - pahale se koI DhA~cA banAyA thA yA phira banatA calA gayA ? A. vi.- DhA~cA to kucha nahIM banAyA / basa prArambha ho gayA aura banatA gyaa| pra. mA. - jaise kumbha banatA calA gyaa| A. vi.- jI hA~ ! eka kathA pUrNa karanI hai apane ko / ata: vahA~ taka ghaTa ko le jAnA hai| isalie banAte cale jAo / taduparAnta kumbha jo hai vaha jala-dhAraNa bhI karatA hai aura jala se pAra bhI karA detA hai / to jala se pAra bhI karA diyA yAnI pUrNa yAtrA ho gii| pra. mA.- to Apake isa kumbha meM jo jIvana hai, jala hai - kyoMki maiM abhI paMca tattva kI bAta kara rahA thA, miTTI kI bAta hamane bahuta kara lI- aba yaha jIvana jo tattva hai, kyA ye bhI eka amUrta tattva hai yA ebseTrakTa tattva hai ? yA pAnI jisako Apa kaha rahe haiM, kumbha ke andara jo nIra AtA hai, pAnI hai, salila hai, vAri hai, jo bhI zabda kaheM - ye dRzya haiM ? spRzya haiM ? kaisI cIja haiM ? yA kevala yaha dhAraNA hai ? A. vi.- jala bhI eka tattva hai / jala ko apane yahA~ jala ke hI rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA aura 'bhU' ko saba kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA hai| pra. mA. - usa dina (do dina pUrva huI bAtacIta ke samaya) Apane dharatI ko 'sarvasahA' yAnI gandhavatI, pRthivI, bhUmA kahA thA to jala ko Apane eka calAyamAna, gatizIla tattva ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA aura bhUmi ko sthitizIla? * 'mUkamATI' grantha Alekhana prArambha - zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita ho rahe grantharAja 'SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira' (caturtha) ke prArambhika divasa-bIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn munisuvratanAthajI ke dIkSAkalyANaka divasa-vaizAkha kRSNa dazamI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2510, vikrama saMvat 2041, budhavAra, 25 apraila 1984 ko| samApana - zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita zrImajjinendra paMcakalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke daurAna kevalajJAna kalyANaka divasa- mAgha zukla trayodazI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2513, vikrama saMvat 2042, budhavAra, 11 pharavarI 1987 ko| prakAzana- 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya) - AcArya vidyAsAgara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI 110003, pahalA saMskaraNa-1988, pRSTha-24+488, mUlya-50 rupae, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa-2004, mUlya-140 rupe|
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________________ xx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA A. vi.- hA~ ! sthitizIla, dhAraNazIla, pAlanazIla, kSamAzIla aura tAraNazIla hai| dharaNI- "jo dhAraNa karatI hai yAnI dharaNI- NI' ra 'dha / " athavA "tIra para jo dharane vAlI hai vaha dharatI-tIra .. dha / " (draSTavya, pR.452-453) pra. mA. - vAha ! vAha !! to ina do tattvoM meM, jala aura miTTI meM, Apane 'agni tattva' ko kisa taraha istemAla kiyA ? A. vi - agni ko jalAne ke rUpa meM bhI loga aMgIkAra kara lete haiN| lekina jalAne vAlI sArI cIjeM hamAre lie bAdhaka haiM, aisA nahIM hai / svayaM hI ghar3A kahatA hai ki mujhe jalA do, kyoMki tumhAre dvArA maiM jaba taka nahIM jalU~gA, taba taka merI yAtrA pUrNa nahIM hogii| aura aisA mata soco ki tuma mujhe 'jalA' rahI ho / nahIM, vAstava meM tuma mujhe 'jilA' rahI ho / mere bhItara jo doSa haiM, una doSoM ko jalA rahI ho| una doSoM ko jalAe binA merI jIvana yAtrA sambhava nhiiN| merI jIvana yAtrA kA vikAsa tumhAre jalAne ke Upara hI hai| ata: tuma ni:saMkoca hokara jalA do, maiM jalane ke lie taiyAra huuN| to agni ko isa rUpa meM aMgIkara kara liyA / pra. mA. - nyAya yA vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM ghar3e ke nirmANa ke samaya yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki agni meM eka-eka kaNa jalatA calA jAtA hai / kucha loga kahate haiM ki ikaTThA bana jAtA hai| ApakA kyA kahanA hai ? A. vi.- koI bhI kArya jo hotA hai taba yadi hama 'niSpanna dazA' ko lekara calate haiM to pIche kA' gauNa ho jAtA hai| lekina pIche ko' gauNa ke sAtha hama yadi nirAkRta kara deM to hamAre hAtha kucha nahIM lgtaa| pra. mA.- thor3A spaSTa kIjie ise / A. vi.- jaise kisI ne ema. e. kiyaa| to solaha (11+3+2) kakSAe~ uttIrNa karane ke uparAnta usake pAsa gurutva aayaa| kisI eka viSaya ke Upara adhikAra A gyaa| yaha nizcita bAta hai| lekina yadi prathama kakSA, dvitIya kakSA Adi-Adi pAsa nahIM karatA to solahavIM kakSA koI vastu to hamAre sAmane nahIM rhtii| prathama kakSA, dUsarI kakSA Adi kA sArA jJAna saMyojita hokara hI to ema. e. kahalAtA hai| pra. mA.- to ye sTepa-bAI-sTepa hotA hai ? ghar3e kA nirmANa bhI sTepa-bAI-sTepa huA ? ekadama nahIM ? A. vi.- ekadama nahIM hotaa| pra. mA. - eka dama agni ke praveza se nahIM bana jAtA, aisA nahIM hotaa| merI eka jijJAsA yaha thI ki yaha ghar3A jo nirmita huA, usameM pAnI ke aMza aura AkAza kI kyA sthiti hai ? A. vi.- AkAza kI sthiti yaha hai ki usane pAnI ko avagAhita karane kA avakAza de diyA / dUsarA yaha ki ghaTAkAza, paTAkAza kA jaba vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai to usakA Azaya yaha nahIM hotA ki vaha saba AkAza kA nAma hai, apitu vaha ghaTagata AkAza hai, paTagata AkAza hai / jisa sthAna para ghar3e ne apane ko sthApita kiyA hai, usa sthAna para sthita ghaTa meM jo AkAza hai, vaha ghaTAkAza hai / use ghaTAkAza mAna liyA gayA anyathA, vahA~ AkAza kI koI bAta nhiiN| pra. mA.- yahA~ Apane speza (Space) yA dik jo hai yA kham - isa tattva ko mAna liyA / abhI Apane kahA thA ki... A. vi - hA~, mAnA hai / dik -kAlAtIta nahIM hai / ghaTa kI sthiti jo hai| pra. mA. - yahA~ Apane kahA thA ki ghaTa kI yAtrA dik-kAlAtIta nahIM hai, amUrta nahIM hai ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! kAla ko batAne ke lie ghaTa kAraNa to hai| aura isakI prakriyA meM kAla sahayoga bhI de rahA hai| isakI vyavasthA bhI hamane batAI / lekina kAla ko hI saba kucha mAna leM yA sthAna ko hI saba kucha mAna leM to ghaTa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxi kA astitva hI samApta ho jaaygaa| pra. mA. - 'kAmAyanI'gata zaiva darzana meM icchA, jJAna aura kriyA- ye tIna zabda maiMne pahale kahe the / ina tInoM ko Apa kyA eka samajhate haiM ? eka sAtha mAnakara cala rahe haiM ? A. vi.- pratyeka kriyA meM koI sahayoga Avazyaka hotA hai / vaha to apane Apa calatA hI rahatA hai / hama bola rahe haiM to isa samaya vacana-vargaNAe~ A hI rahI haiM, mana ke mAdhyama se vicAra bhI cala rahA hai| pra. mA.- parantu, akele manuSya yA sAmUhika manuSyoM ke vikAsa meM pahale icchA rahatI hai, phira jJAna AtA hai aura phira kriyA bahuta bAda meM hotI hai, aisA prANIzAstra vijJAna kahatA hai / isameM avasthA bheda se-choTepana se bar3epana meM yA ki eka AdivAsI samAja meM aura eka atyanta sampanna Aja kA jo yAntrika samAja hai, isake bIca meM jo kucha parivartana hotA hai, usake sambandha meM Apake kyA vicAra haiM ? A. vi.- isa sambandha meM to yaha hai ki pratyeka vyakti prArambha meM AdivAsI hokara hI AdinAtha bhagavAn kA upAsaka banatA hai aura phira AdinAtha bana jAtA hai / lekina anya dazAoM kA vaha ekadama gauNIkaraNa kara detA hai / pratyeka AdamI jaba pahalA qadama rakhatA hai, usa samaya vaha bAlaka hI mAnA jaaygaa| pra. mA.- yAnI pratyeka vyakti puna: bAlaka bana sakatA hai ? A. vi.- bAlaka hI hai vaha / jisa dizA meM vaha calanA cAhatA hai, eka caraNa rakhatA hai taba vaha bAlaka hI rahatA hai| bAlaka se hI pAlaka banatA hai| pra. mA.- to kyA yaha sambhava hai ki kisI vRkSa ke lie vaha phira se vahIM pahu~ca jAya jahA~ se prArambha kiyA ? pratyeka vRkSa phira bIja banegA ? kyA khilA huA phUla phira kalI bana jAyagA ? A. vi.- nahIM ! ise yU~ kahanA cAhie ki yadi abhI banane kI prakriyA hI nahIM huI hai to usako hama calanA nahIM maaneNge| pra. mA.- kevala icchA hai ? A. vi.- hA~ ! kevala icchA hai| abhI jJAna aura kriyA nahIM A pAI / kriyA ho rahI hai lekina samIcIna kriyA honI caahie| tabhI icchA pUrNa ho pAegI / mAtra icchA hI jyoM-ki-tyoM banI rahatI hai to kriyA phalIbhUta nahIM hotI-"yasmAt kriyA: pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyAH" (kalyANamandira-stotra/38) yAnI bhAva se zUnya kriyA phalIbhUta nahIM ho paatii| pra. mA.- ye sArA Apane AtmaniSTha vivecana kiyA / maiM thor3I vastuniSThatA kI bAta cAhatA huuN| Apake dRSTikoNa meM koI jar3a yA bAhara kI pRthvI yA bhautika jagat nahIM hai ? yA hai ? yA kevala AbhAsa hai mana meM yA kevala vivarta A. vi.- aisA hai - vaise yadi dekhA jAya to AbhAsa bhI hai aura vaise... pra. mA.- kyA kevala kalpanA hai mahArAja ? duniyA jo hai - 'mAI varlDa ija mAI vila'- aisA hAvara ne kahA hai / kyA kevala eka mithyA hai', jaisA zaMkarAcArya kahate haiM ? A. vi.- ekAnta rUpa se mithyA hI kaheM, aisA bhI nahIM hai / kyoMki mithyA ko kahane ke lie jo zabda prayoga kie jAe~ge to phira vo bhI mithyA hI ho jaaeNge| jaise zaMkarAcArya ne kahA ki yaha saMsAra jo hai, vaha mithyA hai / to yaha saMsAra mithyA kahane vAle jo vacana haiM, ve bhI mithyA haiN| aisA to nahIM hai ki ina vacanoM ke mAdhyama se hameM kucha bhI nahIM milA hai| vaha kevala buddhi hai, uccarita zabdArtha kI samajha to hai hii| yadi yaha ekAntataH mAna liyA jAya ki yaha sArA kA sArA saMsAra jhUTha hai, taba jo zabda sunA jA rahA hai, vaha bhI jhUTha hai| isalie
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________________ xxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pra. mA. A. vi. - mithyA kA artha abhAva nahIM hai / pra. mA. hA~! maiM yahIM A rahA hU~ / A.vi. - hA~ ! mithyA kA artha eka prakAra se viloma honA hai| - jaba yaha zabda nikalA aura usane bodha karAyA taba ekAntataH jhUTha kaise mAna liyA jAyagA ? kucha to vaha hai| ThIka hai| zaMkarAcArya ke viSaya meM eka kahAnI hai| ve kahIM jA rahe the ki unake pIche eka daur3atA huA hAthI laga gyaa| yaha dekhakara zaMkarAcArya jAna bacAne ke lie bhAgane lage / isI samaya unake dvArA zikSita aura dIkSita vyakti AyA aura dekhA ki zaMkarAcArya bhAga rahe haiN| usane kahA ki svAmin ! Apake anusAra jaba sArA saMsAra jhUThA hai, taba kyA yaha hAthI saccA hai, jo Apa isa se Dara ke bhAga rahe haiM ? zaMkarAcArya ne kahA ki unakA bhAganA bhI kahA~ saccA hai, vaha bhI mithyA hai| matalaba yaha ki mithyA kI avadhAraNA nitAnta sUkSma hai / videzI arthAt pazcimI dArzanikoM ne mithyA kA artha abhAva nahIM mAnA hai| pra. mA. - to kyA Apa isako AMzika mithyA yA AMzika satya mAnate haiM? A. vi. - nahIM / isako hama yaha kaheMge ki jaise eka to abhAva hai aura dUsarA vibhAva / to jala kA abhAva atyantAbhAva nahIM hai / hima, jala kA vibhAvIkaraNa hai / aura vibhAva ke dvArA hamezA kaSTa hotA hai / isako mithyAtva bolate haiN| - pra. mA. to jala kA hima jo hai, vaha niSedha nahIM hai ? A. vi.- nahIM / abhAva nahIM hai, vibhAva hai / vibhAva rUpa hima ko punaH tarala banA do / jala ko tarala mAnA hai svabhAvata: / jaba jala rahegA taba tarala rahegA, bahAva rhegaa| lekina, jaba tarala ke sthAna para saghana ho jAegA taba vaha vibhAva ho jAegA aura vibhAva hone ke kAraNa na nAva usameM DUbegI aura na tairegI, kintu aTaka jaaegii| pra. mA. - samaya kAphI ho rahA hai| maiM antima prazna pUchanA cAha rahA hU~- kyA Apa aura koI mahAkAvya likha rahe haiM yA likheMge ? hamArI ummIda hai, hama cAhate haiM ki isase bhI bar3I cIz2a Apa likheM / A. vi. - mA~ga to A rahI hai, lekina usa mA~ga kI ... pra. mA. - icchA Apake mana meM jAge, phira jJAna ho aura phira kriyA ho / jo ApakA kAvya ('mUkamATI') hai vaha hindI ke lie bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai, hama ye mAnate haiN| aisI koI cIz2a pahale nahIM likhI gaI aura ye kaI dRSTiyoM se abhUtapUrva racanA hai| maiMne to kaI mahAkAvya par3he haiN| kaI bhASAoM meM par3he haiN| maiMne isakI tulanA anya kaI mahAkAvyoM se karAnA cAhI hai - 'gilagimeza' pahalA mahAkAvya hai jo pazcima meM mAnA jAtA hai ki IMToM ke andara likhA pralaya ke bAre meM kucha milatA hai / aura milTana ke 'pairADAIz2a laoNsTa' aura DAnTe kI 'DivAina kAmeDI' - ina saba se tulanA karate hue hama calate haiM, vizva ke mahAkAvyoM ke itihAsa meM hama dekha rahe haiM ki yaha alaga cIz2a hai | aravinda kI 'sAvitrI' kucha-kucha isake karIba kI racanA hai, phira 'kAmAyanI' hai, parantu ye usase bhI bhinna hai / ye Apane bahuta bar3A mahattva kA grantha likhA hai, itanA hI maiM kahanA cAhatA huuN| maiM to likhU~gA hI jo kucha likhanA hai / hama ye cAhate haiM ki isakA adhikAdhika logoM meM pracAra-prasAra ho / isake dvArA logoM ko kAvya kA eka nayA AyAma khula jAtA hai| abhI taka kAvya ke sambandha meM jo hamArI dhAraNA thI usameM eka nayA kalpanA - loka, Aloka udghATita huA hai| kalpanA kA kyA yoga mAnate haiM Apa kAvya meM ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxiii A. vi.- anubhUti ko jIvita rakhane ke lie koI sA~cA to banAnA caahie| maiM kalpanA ke pakSa meM bahuta kama huuN| pra. mA. - acchA, ye ApakI dI huI kalpanA hai, jo mahAkAvya hai, vaha akalpanIya kalpanA hai ? A. vi.- ye kalpanAtIta hai, kyoMki ghaTita nahIM ho rahI hai aura kalpanA kara leM to isa apekSA se jo ghaTita hai, jisa rUpa meM hai, usako hama zabda rUpa de deM to bahuta acchA rahegA / pra. mA.- hamAre acetana mana kI khAna ke andara jo chupI huI svarNa rAzi hai, use miTTI ke andhakAra meM se nikAla kara ke kalpanA taka usako parizodhita kara jaba usakA bodhana-zodhana hotA hai taba jAkara usakI eka mudrikA banatI hai / zabdoM ke jar3Ava ke andara taba jAkara logoM ke kAma kI hotI hai| rasa prakriyA jaisI hai yaha / jaise ki bhojana ke lie pAkazAstra meM bhI jo mUla cIz2a hai, usakA vaisA hI sevana nahIM karate, ye sArA pariSkaraNa A. vi.- jahA~ taka bana sake vahA~ taka maiM socatA hU~ ina rasoM meM hI vizeSa saMyojanA yA khoja nA karake jo rasAsvAdI vyakti haiM, unakI rasAsvAdana meM thor3I ruci jyAdA bar3ha jAe to apane Apa hI isakA nAma z2yAdA ho jaaegaa| isameM hama bahuta kucha bharanA cAhate haiM, lekina sAmane vAlA vyakti grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| isalie jahA~ taka bana sake vaha bandhana TUTa jaae| anyathA, zRMgAra lAo, viraha lAo - yAnI vo lAo, ye lAo / isase pUrA kA pUrA vo hI itihAsa, puna: jamaghaTa ho jAtA hai| pra. mA.- Apa kevala zAnta rasa meM vizvAsa karate haiM ? A. vi.- jI hA~ ! isameM kahA bhI hai : "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai" (pR.160) / kahA hai : "zAntAd bhAvA: prvrtnte|" (anya ke dvArA eka prazna) pra. mA. - Apa pUcha rahI haiM- kumbhakAra Izvara hai yA guru hai ? vo guru mAna kara cala rahI haiN| Apa kyA mAnate haiM ? A. vi.- Izvara apane yahA~ (jaina darzana meM) do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka sakala paramAtmA aura eka nikala prmaatmaa| __sakala paramAtmA - zarIra sahita, jo arahanta parameSThI haiN| dUsare zarIra rahita hone se nikala paramAtmA haiN| vo hamAre parama guru haiN| aura ye jo jJAnasAgara mahArAja haiM vo hamAre guru haiN| pra. mA.- hamAre yahA~ to guru ko hI "gururbrahmA, gururviSNuH, gururdevo mahezvaraH" kahA hai / ye tInoM jo haiM, ve guru meM A gae haiM to sRSTi utpatti-sthiti evaM laya- ina sabakA guru ke andara samAveza hai| hamAre yahA~ guru kI dhAraNA bahuta vyApaka hai| to guru aura Izvara meM koI antara nahIM hamAre yahA~ vicAroM meM ? A. vi.- itanA hI antara hai ki guru jo haiM : "guru govinda doU khar3e, kAkai lAgUM pA~ya / balihArI gurU Apanai...Age..., -govinda diyo 'batAya' nahIM, balki govinda diyo 'banAya' kahate haiN|" pra. mA. - vAha ! vAha !! 'batAya' ke badale meM banAya' kara diyaa| (eka anya ke dvArA prazna) pra. mA.- Apa pUcha rahe haiM ki jaba Apa karnATaka se Ae the, taba itanI hindI nahIM AtI thii| phira hindI para itanA adhikAra kaise prApta kiyA ? A. vi.- adhikAra to nahIM thA, ise svIkAra kiyA hai| hamane kevala sunA hai / gurujI ne kevala sunAyA thA / vo kucha kucha mAravAr3I bolate the| pra. mA.- maiM socatA hU~ sArA zreya saMskRta-prAkRta ko denA cAhie, jina bhASAoM ne isa saba ko AdhAra diyaa| A. vi.- gurujI ke mukha se hamane saMskRta par3hI, lekina bola-cAla kA mAdhyama hindI bhASA rahI /
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________________ xxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pra. mA. - isameM kahIM-kahIM grAmINa zabdoM ke prayoga bhI A jAte haiM, jaise 'jaghana' zabda (pR. 227) Apane likhA hai / isakA hindI meM artha acchA nahIM hotA / Apane kannar3a artha meM zAyada likhA hai ? darzana ko isa taraha kAvya rUpa meM prastuta karanA apane Apa meM bahuta bar3I upalabdhi maiM mAnatA hU~, kyoMki jitane bhI darzana ke bAre meM mahAkAvya haiM, ve bahuta kucha kliSTa ho jAte haiM jabakI ye ('mUkamATI') kliSTa nahIM hai| isakA prabhAva jo hai-prasAda guNa bahuta bar3A hai| yaha barAbara pravahamAn calatA jAtA hai, kyoMki isake pIche ApakI jo cetanA hai vaha nirantara Apako Age ThelatI huI calI jAtI hai| Apa bahuta spaSTa haiN| ApakA jo uddezya hai, Apake kumbha kA jo bhAva hai vaha bahuta spaSTa hai| bahuta-bahuta dhanyavAda / hama bahuta upakRta hue| Apake kAvya ko par3hakara ke bahuta lAbhAnvita hue| ye jijJAsAe~ to yU~ hI thIM, hamArI mUrkhatA yA hamArI sImA kA -- jAnane ke lie| lekina logoM taka pahu~cane meM ise samaya lgegaa| jaba antarikSa meM loga gae to unakA bhAra kama ho gayA- logoM ko jaise AsamAna meM tairanA pdd'aa| isako ('mUkamATI') par3hate samaya aisA hI AbhAsa hotA hai / jaise hama kahIM speza meM jA rahe hoN| z2amIna para ekadama paira nahIM ttikte| una jaisI hI hamArI upalabdhi hai / aura kucha pUchanA hai kisI ko ? isameM 'prAsa' bahuta Ate haiN| zabdoM kI krIr3A, anuramaNa, usakA jo hai avalor3ana "to kyA ye saba sahaja rUpa se huA yA Apa kahIM-kahIM jAna-bUjha kara le Ae haiM ? A. vi. - arthAbhivyakti acchI ho to usake lie koI vizeSa mehanata nahIM karanI par3atI / pra. mA. - zabdAdhikAra bahuta haiM isameM / zabda aura artha ko Apa kaise mAnate haiM ? zabda pahale AtA hai Apake mana meM yA artha pahale AtA hai ? A. vi. - hama to bhAva se jJAna kI ora, matalaba bodha se zabda kI ora bar3hate haiM / hamArI kavitA kI yAtrA hamezA bhItara se bAhara kI ora hotI hai| pra. mA. - to zabda kahA~ haiM- bAhara haiM, bhItara haiM yA bIca meM haiM ? A. vi. - bhAva bhItara haiM aura unheM zabda ke Alambana ke lie bAhara AnA par3atA hai| pra. mA. - kabhI Apako aisA nahIM lagA ki kisI zabda ke lie Apako rukanA par3A ho ?. A. vi. - nahIM, nhiiN| apane bhAva sAtha jaba zabda jur3atA hai taba bahuta bhArI ho jAtA hai / taba apane cintana ke lie koI kSati nahIM pahu~catI aura zabda apane Apa milate cale jAte haiN| isa kI ('mUkamATI') eka vizeSatA ki hamane rAta meM kabhI bhI nahIM likhA, cintana ke uparAnta dina meM hI likhA / pra. mA. - itanA bar3A jo 'abhidhAna rAjendra koza' unhoMne banAyA, vo bhI rAta ko syAhI ko sukhAkara rakha dete the / dina-dina meM smRti se likhate the / yaha 'mUkamATI' bhI bahuta adbhuta kAvya hai, kyoMki aura kisI jaina muni ne aisA mahAkAvya likhA ho, dhyAna meM nahIM AtA / isa taraha ke amUrta viSaya para kisI ne kArya kiyA ho, aisA bhI dhyAna meM nahIM AtA / yaha bahuta Adhunika hai mere mata se, kyoMki ye vijJAna ke lie bhI prerita karatA hai / Aja vijJAna kI jo khir3akiyA~ khula rahIM haiM, vibhinna vidvAn likha rahe haiM - 'DaoNnsa oNpha zivA' Adi videzoM meM jo loga haiM vo isI tarapha A rahe haiM, isI bhAratIya manISA kA jo carama bindu hai| sAre bhautikavAdI cintana, sAre dvandvAtmaka cintana sImita ho gae haiM, ve bhI dhIre-dhIre vahIM para A rahe haiM usI bindu para / usakI ora hI saMketa karatA hai ye grantha / isIliye maiM isako 'fyUcara poyaTrI' yAnI bhaviSyavAdI kAvya, jaisA ki aravinda ne kahA hai, ise bahuta acchA dizAdarzaka mAnatA hU~ / anya kaviyoM ke lie bhI bahuta preraNAdAyaka grantha hai /
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________________ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNa-sAnnidhya meM' mUkamATI-mImAMsA' ke sampAdaka AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI
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________________ pAtanikI AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI (ka) prastuta kRti para Amantrita samIkSAe~ aura unakI samIkSA T Alocya saMkalana meM anekavidha samIkSAe~ haiM / lekhaka yA samIkSaka kazmIra se kerala aura gujarAta se guvAhATI taka ke haiM, isIlie ye samIkSAe~ apane meM vividhatA lie huI haiN| vividhatA AkAragata bhI hai aura Antarika kathya yA vivecyagata bhI / katipaya samIkSAe~ bRhadAkAra haiM aura katipaya sammatyAtmaka patra qisma kI / ekAdha samIkSaka to aise bhI haiM jinhone kaI (cAra) adhyAya kI pustaka hI likha dI hai aura eka vidvAn se bhUmikA bhI likhavA lI hai| socA isI meM chapa jAyagI / sampAdana ke krama meM aise prayAsoM ko anyathA AkAra dekara use pRthak kRti hone ke bhrama se bacA liyA gayA hai| aise vidvAnoM ke bhI nibandha haiM jinhoMne svatantra pustaka chapavA lI hai para usI pustaka se kucha lekara granthopayogI svatantra AkAra de diyA hai| adhikAMza lekhoM meM Alocya kRti kI kathAvastu kA sArAMza prastuta kara apanI pratikriyA katipaya muddoM para de gaI hai| kucha samIkSAe~ zraddhAtireka se ApAdamastaka - sikta haiM to katipaya aisI bhI haiM jinameM adhika zrama doSodghATanaparaka hI huA hai, yaha avazya hai ki aisI samIkSAe~ kama haiM / paricayollekhapUrvaka gambhIra pratikriyA prastuta karane vAle nibandhoM kI saMkhyA upasthApakoM kI prAtibhakSamatA ke anurUpa anupAta meM adhika hai| ekAdha stavaparaka padyabaddha prati bhI hai| saMkalana ke Arambha meM divaMgata bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave kI vArtA hai AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja se, jisameM preraNAsrota se lekara prakriyA aura kathya ke aneka muddoM para vimarza hai / apane antaraMga meM ekAdha nibandha mahArAjazrI kA bhAvapravaNa jIvanavRtta prastuta karatA hai to vaise hI ekAdha unakA kartRtva bhI nirUpita karatA hai / saMkalana kI samagratA ke qhyAla se ye samasta prayAsa mahattva ke haiN| maiM cAhatA thA ki upasthApaka Alocya grantha kI kathAvastu kA anapekSita vivaraNa aura Avartana na karake usako buddhigata hI rakheM aura jamakara usake vibhinna pakSoM, muddoM aura binduoM para apanI vaicArika pratikriyA adhika deM, tAki pAThaka kI grantha viSayaka samajha vikasita ho / bRhadAkAra nibandhoM meM kaI eka apanA z2yAdA jhukAva usake saiddhAntika aura dArzanika pakSoM para aura kaI eka kAvyocita pakSa para dikhAte haiM / kucha mahilA lekhikAoM ke nibandha avazya aise mile haiM jo kevala nArI mahimA para granthakAra kI dRSTi kA pallavana prastuta karate haiN| kitane nibandha aise bhI haiM jo bhASA-zailI aura chandovidhAna ke vivecana para hI apane ko kendrita karate haiN| aise prayAsa adhikAMza nibandhoM meM kathAvastu kI AvRtti ko dekhate hue adhika saMgata lagate haiN| bhArata kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM nibaddha mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA meM Alocyagrantha kA vaiziSTya nirdiSTa karane vAle lekhoM kI saMkhyA kama hai - yadyapi bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. mAcave kA yaha saMkalpa thaa| samIkSA saMkalana ke lobha meM kucha lekha bahuta hI sAmAnya aura bharatI ke A gae haiN| Azcarya to taba hotA hai jaba bar3I lekhanI apane svarUpa kI rakSA nahIM karatI aura pratyAzita se anurUpa pratikriyA nahIM milatI / prasannatA kI bAta hai ki idhara kucha aise prayAsa avazya hue haiM jisase aura bhI gambhIra lekhanI sakriya hoM aura samIkSaka kucha anachue pahaluoM para gambhIratApUrvaka prakAza DAla sakeM / prayAsa hI hai, saphalatA to sammAnAspada samIkSakoM kI anurUpa niSThA para nirbhara karatI hai / AcAryazrI kI prAtibhakSamatA kI jisa damakhama ke sAtha ekAdha sajjana ne truTiyA~ dikhAI haiM, usI damaqhama ke sAtha auroM ne unakI upalabdhiyA~ bhI batAI haiN| mujhe isameM koI anaucitya nahIM lagatA ki samIkSaka jo bhI kahe vaha vastuniSTha paddhati para sAdhAra kahe / ataH aise niSThAvAn samIkSaka kI maiM prazaMsA karatA hU~ parantu kevala
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________________ xxvi:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA truTiyA~-truTiyA~ aura qhAmiyA~-qhAmiyA~ hI dikhAnA tathA upalabdhiyoM kI ora se A~kha banda kara lenA sarvathA anucita hai| doSajJa honA paNDita kA lakSaNa hai para mAtra utane ko hI apanI sImA banA lenA usakI saMkucita aura ochI manovRtti kA prakAzana hai| phira guNajJa aura guNagrAhI honA mUrkha kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, vaha sAkSara kA nahIM, sarasa kA lakSaNa hai| kAvyaprakAza'kAra ne kAvyalakSaNa meM jaba "adoSau..." kA samAveza kiyA, AcArya hemacandra ne jaba usakA praveza kiyA taba TIkAkAroM ne UrdhvabAhu ghoSaNA kI ki aisA lakSaNa yA to 'nirviSaya' hogA yA prvirlvissy'| abhiprAya yaha ki doSoM kA honA to nisargaprApta hai, sarjaka kI upalabdhi usake pauruSa aura pratibhA kA pramANa hai / vidvAn ko cAhie ki vaha doSoM ke sAtha usakI upalabdhiyoM kI ora bhI apanI dRSTi ko phere aura usakA bhI ullekha kare / aisA karane kA lAbha yaha hogA ki isa santulita prarocanA se jijJAsu pAThaka samIkSita grantha ke paThana-pAThana, manana, parizIlana meM pravRtta hotA hai, anyathA use aruci ho jAtI hai aura vaha pravRtta kI jagaha nivRtta ho jAtA hai / pariNAmata: sarjanA niSphala calI jAtI hai / kavitA-kAminI ke pAsa rasika sahRdaya bhI jAtA hai aura preta (samIkSaka) bhI / eka dulAratA, pucakAratA, apane anukUla banAtA huA usakA AsvAda letA hai aura dUsarA pretakalpa tArkika samIkSaka kRti ke bhItara ghusakara usakA prANa hI le letA hai / kahA gayA hai : "kAvyaM kavInAmupalAlayan hi bhuGkte rasajJo yuvatI yuveva / tAmeva bhuGkte nanu tArkiko'pi prANAn haran bhUta iva praviSTaH // " kucha eka mitroM ne aise kArya meM pravRtta hone ko cApalUsI yA bhautika svArtha kI pUrti kA mAdhyama samajhA hai| samajha to samajhadAra ke saMskAroM se raMjita hotI hai, ata: usakI TippaNI jitanA svayam usa para lAgU hotI hai, sAmane vAle para nahIM / astu, aise apriya prasaMgoM ko z2yAdA jagaha denI bhI nahIM cAhie / tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM aise loga prathama vandya haiM tAki unake kAraNa satkArya se nivRtti na ho| aneka prabuddha sajjanoM aura manISiyoM ne apanI samIkSAe~ isa bRhat sArasvata yajJa meM Ahuti ke rUpa meM pradAna nahIM kI ki isase unakA vyaktivaiziSTya samaSTi meM tirohita ho jAyagA aura unake aham ko usakA prApya prApta nahIM hogA / ve yaha kyoM nahIM samajhate ki ve jahA~ bhI raheMge apanA bhAsvara vyaktitva alaga se hI prakAzita karate raheMge, unakI paMkti alaga hI dUra se lakSita hogii| isase unakA ahaMkAra bhI vighaTita hotA aura samAja kI dRSTi meM unakA svarUpa aura mahAn ho jAtA / kisI ke sammAna se sammAnakartA kA aham choTA hotA hai, haivAna naSTa hotA hai, para usakA insAna samAja kI dRSTi meM U~cA uTha jAtA hai / santoM kI yaha praNAlI ki apanI ora se vinata raho, samAja kI ora se sahaja hI samunnata ho jAoge, kitanI sAttvika hai / gajAnana mAdhava muktibodha kA 'brahma rAkSasa' isa satya ko samajha kara bhI anadekhA kara detA hai| hA~, to kahA yaha jA rahA thA ki Alocya kRti kI samIkSA prakrAnta hai, ata: sarvaprathama yaha dekhanA hai ki Alocya kRti kI prakRti kyA hai, vaha vAGmaya kI kisa vidhA ke antargata A sakatI hai ? yaha zAstra hai yA kAvya yA zAstrakAvya / aneka samIkSakoM kI ApAtataH dhAraNA yaha mAlUma huI hai ki yaha kAvya hI nahIM hai, prabandha kAvya yA mahAkAvya honA to dUra kI bAta hai| (kha) Alocya kRti kI prakRti Alocya kRti para ApAtata: dRSTipAta karane para jaina prasthAna kI mAnyatAoM aura siddhAntoM kI vibhinna pratIkoM ke sahAre unheM rUkSa upasthApana hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| unheM lagatA hai ki kAvya rasAtmaka vAkya hai, saMvedanA yA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxvii sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA kalAtmaka udrekhaNa hai, jIvanAnubhUti kA kavitvamaya prakAzana hai, bhAvanAoM kA guNAlaMkAramaNDita bhASA meM prabhAvI upasthApana hai, pRthivI aura svarga kA madhumaya milana hai tathA aura bhI kucha lokottara hai / unheM isa racanA meM aisA kucha dikhAI nahIM par3atA / unakA pakSa yaha hai ki kAvya ke mUlabhUta kAvyopAdana saMvedanA kA ghaTaka dRSTi yA vicAra gandha kI taraha kAvya meM vyApta avazya ho, para taha meM nihita ho / yaha pakSa nissandeha yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai / (ga) bahiraMga sAkSya 'mUkamATI' ke 'mAnasa taraMga' (pR. XXIV) meM upasthApaka svayaM kaha rahA hai : "aise hI kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra-rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai, jisameM laukika alaMkAra alaukika alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hue haiM; alaMkAra aba alaM kA anubhava kara rahA hai; jisameM zabda ko artha milA hai aura artha ko paramArtha; jisameM nUtanazodha-praNAlI ko Alocana ke miSa, locana diye haiM;... jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii|" isa uddharaNa kI prazastiparaka uktiyoM ko haTA diyA jAya, kevala tathyaparaka uktiyoM ko dRSTigata kiyA jAya to mAnanA par3egA ki isa kRti kI racanA jinazAsana ke katipaya mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu huI hai| isakA lakSya hai - yuga ko saMskAra denA aura vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA / azvaghoSa (saundarananda, 18/63) ke zabdoM meM, "ityeSA vyupazAntaye na rataye / " (gha) antaraMga sAkSya yaha to rahA bahiraMga sAkSya, yadyapi isa prakAra ke nirNaya para antaraMga anuzIlana se hI pahu~cA gayA hai| isa nirNaya se haTa kara kRti ke viSaya para sIdhe dRSTipAta kiyA jAya to usase bhI ukta niSkarSa kI hI puSTi hotI hai| kisI bhI grantha kA tAtparya spaSTa karanA ho to nimnalikhita dRSTiyoM se manthana karanA par3atA hai - (ka) upakrama (kha) upasaMhAra (ga) abhyAsa (gha) apUrvatAparaka phala (Ga) arthavAda tathA (ca) upapatti / Alocya grantha kA 'upakrama' hotA hai prAta:kAlIna pariveza meM saritA taTa kI mATI kA mA~ dharatI ke saMvAda ke sAtha, jisameM nitya 'sukhamukta' aura 'duHkhayukta' parasaMsargajanya vaibhAvika svarUpa para glAni ke A~sU bahAe jA rahe haiM aura 'sva-bhAva' kI upalabdhi kA mArga abhUtapUrva tar3apa aura vedanA ke sAtha jijJAsya hai / 'upasaMhAra' meM vRhat sattA mA~ dharatI kA 'pratisattA' arthAt upAdAnabhUta saritA taTa kI mATI kI mUrta sambhAvanA 'ghaTa' aura ghaTa kI sambhAvanA 'sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga' kI upalabdhi para santoSa hai / Alocya grantha meM ghaTa kI - jIvAtmA ke pratIka ghaTa kI apavarga nimittaka mahAyAtrA kA pracuratA se sAvaSTambha varNana to 'abhyAsa' hai aura isa mahAyAtrA kA gantavya 'apavarga' 'apUrva phala kI upalabdhi' hai / sthAna-sthAna para isa upalabdhi kI prazasti 'arthavAda' hai aura yahI sarvazreSTha hai, kI siddhi meM die gae tarka hI 'upapatti' haiM / ina saba tAtparya nirNAyaka kAraNoM se antaraMga parIkSaNa bhI siddha karatA hai ki granthakAra kA lakSya zreyaH prApti meM upayogI jaina prasthAna sammatamAnyatAoM kA rocaka upasthApana hI hai / (Ga) pAramparika sAkSya jaina kAvya kI paramparA para apanA mantavya prastuta karate hue 'jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa' - bhAga 6 meM zrI gulAbacanda caudharI bhI kahate haiM : "jaina kAvyoM kA dRSTikoNa dhArmika thA / jaina dharma ke AcAra aura vicAroM ko ramaNIya
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________________ xxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paddhati se evaM rocaka zailI se prastuta kara dhArmika cetanA aura bhaktibhAvanA ko jAgrata karanA unakA mukhya uddezya thA / usake lie unhoMne dharmakathAnuyoga aura prathamAnuyoga kA sahArA liyaa| jana sAmAnya ko sugama rIti se dhArmika niyama samajhAne ke lie kathAtmaka sAhitya se bar3ha kara adhika prabhAvazAlI sAdhana dUsarA nahIM hai|" abhiprAya yaha ki paramparA arthAt jaina kAvya paramparA kA sAkSya bhI yahI kahatA hai ki isa prasthAna ke prati samarpita jaina muniyoM kA lakSya vyutpatti' ke AdhAna para adhika hai, 'prIti' mAdhyama hai| brAhmaNadhArA ke zaiva AcArya abhinava gupta ne kAvya prayojana para vicAra karate hue AnandavAdiyoM' (prItivAdiyoM) aura 'vyutpattivAdiyoM ke pakSadharoM se ubharate hue antarvirodha kA samanvaya karate hue abhinava bhAratI' aura 'locana' meM batAyA hai ki vastuta: pariNataprajJa yA pariNatakavi kA mUla prayojana to 'prIti' yA 'rasa' niSpAdana hI hai / yaha bAta bhinna hai ki tadartha niyojita vibhAvAdi sAmagrI meM 'aucitya' kA samyak nirvAha honA caahie| yaha aucitya isakI parA upaniSad hai aura aucitya hamArI sampradAyAnumodita mAnyatAe~ hI haiM, jinase grAhaka loka meM apekSita vyutpatti' anAyAsa Ahita ho jAtI haiM / brAhmaNadhArA aura usameM bhI zaivAgamasammatadhArA vAsanAzodhana kI pakSadhara hai / vaha usameM bhI amRta kA anusandhAna karatI hai, usake mAdhyama se bhI zreyaskara gantavya para pahu~catI hai, jabaki zramaNa dhArA, vizeSa kara jaina prasthAna vAsanA kA damana yA kSayopazama karatI hai| ata: vaha use usa sAdhya sthAna para rakha hI nahIM sakatI, use pArzvavartI hI banAkara upayoga kara sakatI hai / phalata: yahA~ 'prIti' aura 'vyutpatti' meM vyutpatti para z2ayAdA aura pratyakSa bala rahatA hai, prItikara sAmagrI sAdhana hotI hai| yahA~ 'kAntAsammitaupadeza' kA svara mukhara hotA hai| ____ Alocya grantha kA svara prabhAvotpAdana se adhika prabodhotpAdana hai / ghaTa kI AtmakathA ke sAtha calane vAlA vyutpitsu antata: yaha prabodha prApta karatA hai ki nimitta kI zaraNa jAkara sambhAvanAmaya upAdAna samarpaNa ke mAdhyama se apanI sambhAvanAoM ko upalabdhi kA AkAra de / isake sAtha-sAtha usakA bAdhaka kASAya zAnta hogA, 'para' ke prati nirveda hogA, zAnta kI niSpatti hogii| isa prakAra prItikara zAnta rasa sahAyatA kregaa| zAstra kI apekSA isa aura isa taraha ke prabandha kAvya lakSya taka pahu~cAne meM saundarya pradAna kreNge| isa antaraMga evaM bahiraMga sAkSya aura paramparA ke AdhAra para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa hai ki prastuta kRti 'zuddha kavitA' kI apekSA 'zAstra kAvya' hai / zuddha kavitA meM sAmagrI kI yojanA meM prItikara prabhAva utpanna karanA mukhya lakSya hotA hai, mAnyatAoM kI sugandha vyaMjanA se milatI hai| zAstrakAvya meM mAnyatAe~ saMvAda-vidhAna meM upadeza kA svara adhika pakar3atI haiM aura abhidhA meM hotI haiN| Alocya racanA meM saMvAdoM kI pracuratA hai, bhAva vyaMjanA aura varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM kI apekSAkRta kamI hai / isakI puSTi Age vizada vivecana se kI jaaygii| isa vivecana kA tAtparya kisI dhArA kI ApekSika zreSThatA yA a-zreSThatA se nahIM hai, yaha to apanI-apanI dhArA hai / isakA matalaba yaha bhI nahIM hai ki jaina kAvya paramparA meM premAkhyAnaka nahIM haiM yA ki usameM bhAva vyaMjanA aura varNanamaya racanAe~ nahIM haiM, nahIM; haiM aura khUba haiN| yahA~ jaina muniyoM kI kAvya paramparA kI bAta prakAnta hai| phalata: isa niSkarSa ko usI krama meM honA caahie| kSamatA alaga bAta hai aura kSamatA kA upayoga alaga bAta hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke prastuta prabandha kAvya kA Arambha hI dekheM - varNana hai, kAvyocita komala aura zRMgArika bhaMgimA hai, bhAva kA Avega hai, para mAnasika saMracanA isa kSamatA ko pUre ubhAra para nahIM laatii| 'sva-bhAva' kI prApti meM apekSita mAnyatAoM ko saMvAdAtmaka paddhati para rocaka kathA ke sahAre ubhArane kI ora unakI pratibhA kA saMrambha lakSita hotA hai / aisA karake jahA~ eka ora inhoMne apanI paramparA kA sAtha diyA hai, vahIM carita kAvya, purANa kAvya yA kathA kAvya kI paddhatiyA~ asvIkAra kara apanA akSuNNa mArga bhI nirmita kiyA hai / inhoMne 'kAmAyanI'kAra kI bhA~ti rUpaka yA pratIka kAvya kI paddhati apanAI hai| usakI apekSA isakA vaiziSTaya saMvAdoM ke pracura vidhAna meM hai / niSkarSa yaha ki prastuta kAvya 'saMvAda pracura pratIka paddhati kA zAstrakAvya' hai / isa niSkarSa ke Aloka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxix logoM kA AkSepa bhI nirasta ho jAtA hai jo racanA ko mAtra saMvedanA kA hI mUrta rUpa mAnate haiM aura cetana pAtroM meM usakI pariNati dekhate haiM / 'mUkamATI' meM prasphuTita kavitva kA pUrvavRtta : kavitva kI vikAsa yAtrA (ka) prastuta kRti kI preraNA kA prazna bhUtapUrva sampAdaka DaoN. mAcave ne mahArAjazrI se apane vArtAlApa meM yaha jijJAsA kI hai ki mahArAjazrI ko isa taraha kA, isa paddhati kA, kAvya likhane kI preraNA kahA~ se milI ? merA qhyAla hai ki isakA uttara mahArAjazrI ke taporata svabhAva meM hai, para bhAva meM nhiiN| isake lie unakA taporata svabhAva aura usake anurUpa pUrva nirmita racanAoM kA gahana manthana karanA caahie| isase unake kAvya vikAsa ke sopAna bhI lakSita hoMge aura sAtha hI prastuta jijJAsA kA samAdhAna bhI nikala AegA / (kha) kAvya kAraNa kA upArjana sAkSAt vAgdevatA hI apanI parisphUrti kA mAdhyama kisI ko banAe~, yaha bAta bhinna hai, para sAmAnyataH nisargajAta pratibhAsampanna sAdhaka racanAkAra ko bhI apanI pratibhA ko abhyAsa aura vyutpatti ke zANa para car3hAnA hI par3atA hai| usakA bhI sAdhanA kAla hotA hai| mahArAjazrI ne '68 meM munidIkSA grahaNa kI aura sadguru zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNoM meM sAdhanAlIna ho ge| adhyAtma sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha sArasvata sAdhanA bhI calatI rhii| sAdhaka rAtoM-rAta kavi nahIM bana jAtA, usake lie bhI 'vyutpatti' aura 'abhyAsa' kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / 'vyutpatti' rAjazekhara ke zabdoM meM 'ucitAnucita viveka, mammaTa ke zabdoM meM 'loka zAstra, kAvya Adi ke avekSaNa se hone vAlI nipuNatA' athavA sAmAnya sAdhanA ke lie apekSita sadguru meM a - bodhapUrvaka zraddhA aura vizvAsa, Antarika AkarSaNa 'arjita bodha' kA hI nAmAntara hai| mahArAjazrI ne vyutpatti bhI prApta kI aura guru caraNoM meM baiThakara 'abhyAsa' bhI kiyA, kAvyajJa se mammaTa ke zabdoM meM zikSA bhI lI, sIkha bhI lii| mahArAjazrI ne munidIkSA ke bAda se hI racanA kA zrIgaNeza yA zubhArambha kara diyaa| guru zAstrodadhi kA ghana hai, ata: adhyAtma ke kSetra meM prasthAna sadguru ke prati zraddhA se hI sambhava hai| zraddhA meM bhI samyaktva kA AdhAna ho jAya, to sone meM suhAgA kI kahAvata bhI caritArtha ho jAya / santa sadguru kI pahacAna se hI vizvAsa aura vizvAsa se hI zraddhA hotI hai | adhyAtma jagat ke pathika ke ye hI zraddhA aura vizvAsa pAtheya haiN| adhyAtma rAjya kA yaha camatkAra hI hai ki a-bodha sAdhaka ko vizvAsa ho jAtA hai / sAmAnyataH kisI bAta para vizvAsa usakA rahasya jAna lene para hI hotA hai, para saMskAravAn ko a-bodhapUrvaka hI vizvAsa cetanA ke vyApaka aura ajJAta stara para hI ho jAtA hai / kAlidAsa ne kahA hai : " taccetasA smarati nUnamabodhapUrvam / " cetanA kA koI aisA stara bhI hai jo a - bodhapUrvaka [Unconcious state of mind] dezakAla se vyavahita satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai / saccA mumukSu vahI hai jisameM saccI mumukSA ho aura saccI mumukSA vahIM hotI hai jahA~ cetanA meM nairmalya ho / nirmala cetanA ke stara aise sAdhaka meM kAma karate haiM / phalataH vaha usa antarAtmA kI AvAz2a se paricAlita "hokara a-bodhapUrvaka santa sadguru ko pahacAna letA hai, vizvAsa kara letA hai evaM zraddhAgocara kara letA hai| use yaha akAraNa jAtA hai ki jJAna ke lie kahA~ jAnA caahie| sAdhanA jagat ke marmajJa abhinavaguptapAdAcArya ne kahA hai ki sAdhaka hat guro: gurvantaraM vrajet' yAnI eka guru se dUsare guru ke pAsa, jo pahale kI apekSA zreSTha hai, jAnA hI caahie| prasaMgAntara hotA jA rahA hai, mujhe kahanA yaha ki sadguru zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke sat nirdezana meM parA aura aparA - ubhayavidha vidhAoM meM kavi- - racanAkAra muni zrI vidyAsAgara snAta hote cale gae aura antata: niSNAta ho gae /
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________________ xxx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (ga) kavitva kA prathama puSpa : 'guru-stava' mahArAjazrI muni dIkSA ke bAda antas meM sphurita bhAvarAzi ko bhASA meM bA~dhane lage, lipibaddha karane lge| sAdhaka kA apanA prasthAna mArga hotA hai, usake prati use niSThAvAn honA hotA hai / niSThA ke sudRr3hIkaraNa ke lie anya prasthAnocita cintana kA khaNDana bhI karanA par3atA hai / yaha khaNDana, khaNDana ke lie nahIM, pratyut apane prasthAna ke prati apanI zraddhA ke sudRr3hIkaraNa ke lie hotA hai| mahArAjazrI kI 'mUkamATI' kA 'mAnasa-taraMga' isa sandarbha meM ullekhya hai, jahA~ unhone apane prasthAna ke anurUpa na par3ane vAle 'Izvara' kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura sraSTA ke rUpa meM anAvazyaka batAyA hai| prasthAna mArga meM calane para anubhUtiyA~ ubharatI haiM, jisase sAdhaka gaharAI se jur3A hotA hai| isameM sArA zreya sadguru kA hotA hai / sAdhaka kA upAya usI ke nirdeza se caritArtha hotA hai, ata: eka tarapha zraddhA meM samyaktva kA AdhAna hotA hai aura dUsarI ora jJAna aura cAritra meM samyaktva kA udaya hotA hai / isa daurAna jo anubhUtiyA~ hotI haiM, eka santa use kAvyabaddha karatA hI hai. yaha usakI vivazatA hai| apane Ananda ko vaha kAvya ke mAdhyama se loka ko bA~TatA hai| isameM use Ananda milatA hai| isIlie santa likhatA hai-'svAntaHsukhAya', para usakA svAntaH sva-para kI saMkIrNa bhAvanA kA atikramaNa kara cukA hotA hai / ata: usakA svAntaHsukha sabakA sukha bana jAtA hai / to maiM kaha yaha rahA thA ki sAdhanA ke daurAna sabase pahale jisake prati zraddhA kA udaya hotA hai, apane vAkpuSpa vaha usI ko car3hAtA hai| mahArAjazrI ne bhI yahI kiyA / inakI pahalI mudrita/upalabdha racanA guru vandanA hI hai / 1971 meM likhita isa guruvandanAmaya kAvya kI saMjJA dI gaI - 'AcAryazrI 108 zAntisAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali / ' sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ko loka meM ujAgara karate hue lokamAnyatA kI havA se Darate haiN| eka santapravara ne kahA hai : "lokamAnyatA anala-sama kara tapa kAnana dAhu"- loka prazaMsA vaha Aga hai jo tapa ke udyAna ko bhasma kara DAlatI hai / mahArAjazrI bhI kahate haiM: ___ "lokaiSaNa kI cAha nA, sura-sukha kI nA pyAsa / vidyAsAgara basa banU~, karU~ sva-pada meM vAsa // " (sunIti-zataka) isalie mahArAjazrI use prakAza meM nahIM lAte the, para unake bhakta zrAvakoM ne vaisA nahIM hone diyA, prakAza meM lA hI diyaa| phira to zrAvakagaNa ke sAtha mahArAjazrI ne bhI usa guru vandanA ke madhuragAna meM sahayoga pradAna kiyA / stotra-kAvya kA yaha zubhArambha bar3hatA hI gayA / mahArAjazrI kI zraddhAsikta pratibhA AcArya zrI vIrasAgarajI (1971), AcArya zrI zivasAgarajI (1971) evaM AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI (1973) para bhI umar3a kara kavitA ke rUpa meM barasa par3I / yaha krama bar3hatA hI gayA aura nityaprati nUtana bhAvabhUmiyoM para unakI pratibhAdevI car3hatI gii| isa pravAha meM bhAvanA bhI thI aura usameM sugandha kI taraha vyApta jIvana darzana tathA cintana prasUta mAnyatAe~ bhii| (gha) saMskRta bhASAbaddha zatakoM kI sRSTi Alocya racanA 'mUkamATI' se pUrva unakI darjanoM racanAe~ A cukI haiM - gadyabaddha pravacana bhI aura padyabaddha prakIrNa tathA prabandhAtmaka bhI / mahArAjazrI aneka bhASAvid haiM - saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI, kannar3a tathA marAThI jaisI dezabhASAe~ to ve jAnate hI haiM, videzI AMglabhASA ke bhI acche jAnakAra haiM / ApakI racanAe~ prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, baMgalA, kannar3a aura aMgrejI meM hI prAya: haiN| 'mUkamATI' (1988)* hindI bhASA meM nibaddha hai / usa taka kI prAtibha yAtrA * Alekhana prArambha - zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita grantharAja 'SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira' (caturtha) ke prArambhika divasa, bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratanAtha ke dIkSA kalyANaka divasavaizAkha kRSNa dazamI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2510, vikrama saMvat 2041, budhavAra, 25 apraila, 1984 / zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM Ayojita zrI majjinendra paMcakalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke daurAna kevalajJAna kalyANaka divasa-mAgha zukla trayodazI, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2513, vikrama saMvat 2043, budhavAra, 11 pharavarI, 1987 ko huaa| samApana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxi pUrvavartI aneka racanAoM se guz2arane ke bAda huI hai| saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha prAyaH utkRSTa racanAe~ 'zramaNa-zatakam' (1974), 'bhAvanA-zatakam' (1975), 'niraJjana - zatakam' (1977), 'parISahajaya zatakam' (1982), sunIti zatakam' (1983) evaM inhIM pA~coM zatakoM kA usI kAlAvadhi meM hindI padyAnuvAda tathA 'zAradAstutiriyam' (1971) - 'paMcazatI' saMjJaka kRti meM saMkalita haiN| ina sabakA viSaya dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika hai, parantu abhivyakti zailI kAvyocita hai / arthAlaMkAroM kAvyocita ramaNIyatA AtI hai, para zabdAlaMkAroM se vaha ramaNIyatA nahIM aatii| itanA avazya hai ki zabdAlaMkAra - vizeSakara yamaka, anuprAsa tathA muraja bandhAdi citra - kA sanniveza prayoktA aura grahItA donoM ke lie durUha hai / mahArAjazrI ne isa cunautI kA nirvAha kiyA hai / arthagata ramaNIyatA kI dRSTi se ise adhama kAvya kI saMjJA avazya dI gaI hai, parantu isameM racanA karane vAlA jAnatA hai ki usakA nirvAha kitanA zramasAdhya hai / ina zatakoM meM ' sunIti -zatakam' bhASA prAMjala hai para zeSa zatakoM kI durUha / zabdakrIr3A kI yaha pravRtti itihAsa meM pratyeka mahAkavi meM vidyamAna hai. cAhe vaha vAlmIki hoM yA kAlidAsa / mAgha aura bhAravi kI to bAta hI bhinna hai| paravartI racanAoM meM to pANDitya pradarzana eka pravRtti hI bana gii| mahArAjazrI kI ina racanAoM kA samAkalana stotrakAvyoM kI zataka paramparA meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaise ina racanAoM meM stotra kA hI svara nahIM hai, vibhinna aura bhI saMjJAnurUpa dhArmika, AdhyAtmika tathA nItiparaka viSaya bhI haiM / - (Ga) hindI meM kavitva kA unmeSa aura vikAsa hindI meM racanAoM kA nirmANa assI IsvI ke dazaka meM Arambha hotA hai / Arambha hone ke bAda phira kabhI vicchinna nahIM huA, viparIta isake ki samRddha hI hotA gyaa| isa krama meM 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' sambhavata: pahalA kAvya saMkalana hai / yoM to hindI meM racanAe~ pahale se hI prakIrNaka rUpa meM hotI A rahI thIM, para saMkalana ke rUpa meM yaha pahalA prayAsa hai / isake bAda ke adhikAMza saMkalana ' 84 meM yA usake bAda prakAza meM Ae haiN| ina saMkalanoM se guz2ara jAne ke bAda 'mUkamATI' ke AvirbhAva ke aneka sUtra - saMketa mila jAte haiN| aise saMkalanoM meM ukta saMkalana ke atirikta 'totA kyoM rotA ?' 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' tathA 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' - kA vizeSa mahattva hai / vizeSa mahattva isalie hai ki eka to ye sabhI muktachanda meM nibaddha haiM arthAt ina racanAoM meM mahArAjazrI kA hAtha muktachanda meM ma~ja cukA hai| dUsare, ina racanAoM se isa savAla kA javAba bhI mila jAtA hai ki Alocya mahAkAvya kA viSaya 'mATI' jaisI upekSita vastu ko kyoM banAyA ? yoM to hindI kAvya paramparA meM 'mATI' kA yazogAna aura usake sAtha 'kumbhakAra' kA sambandha pahale se hI milatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie kavivara harivaMzarAya baccana kI hI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ lI jA sakatI haiM : gayA " he kumbhakAra, merI miTTI ko / aura na aba hairAna karo / " (ca) 'mUkamATI' kI bhUmikA meM upayogI kaNa mahArAjazrI kI racanAoM meM bhI isake saMketa vidyamAna haiN| narmadA ke narama kaMkara para hI unakI dRSTi kyoM gaI ? kAraNa kyA hai ? asala meM lagatA hai ki vaha cU~ki svayam banane kI prakriyA meM haiM, calate jA rahe haiM : brahmacArI se kSullaka, ailaka, muni aura AcArya banane ke krama meM haiM, bhale hI ye brahmacArI se sIdhe hI muni pada aura bAda meM AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue haiN| ata: unakA dhyAna sambhAvanAoM se maNDita sAmAnya padArtha kI ora hI z2yAdA jAtA hai| narmadA ke kaMkara banane ke krama meM kitanA saMgharSa jhelate haiM, isa saMgharSa ko jhelakara usameM zAligrAma kA sughara rUpa ubharatA hai, jo pUjya bana tA hai| miTTI meM kucha banane kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai ? zarta itanI hI hai ki sadhA huA zilpI mila jAya / kramAgata mahAkAvya zalAkApuruSoM kA yazogAna karate haiM, dhIrodAtta nAyaka-nAyikAoM kA yazogAna karate haiM /
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________________ xxxii :: : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' se sAkSya mahArAjazrI ke kAvya saMkalana 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' ke 'narama kaMkara' kI sthiti dekheM / vaha kyoM kucha kahane kI preraNA detA hai ? 'prakAzakIya' meM bAbUlAla pATodI kI sambhAvanA se maiM sahamata huuN| vaha bhI yahI uttara dete haiM: "aisA muni-kavi jisakI rAheM kA~ToM kI haiM, kaMkarIlI haiM, pASANI haiM, jise aharniza bhItara-bAhara calanA - hI calanA hai, racanA kara rahA ho " - vaha aura kise pratIka banAegA ? vaha kahatA hai : "yugoM-yugoM se / jIvana vinAzaka sAmagrI se / saMgharSa karatA huA apane meM nihita/vikAsa kI pUrNa kSamatA sa~joye / ananta guNoM kA saMrakSaNa karatA huA/AyA hU~ / kintu Aja taka / azuddhatA kA vikAsa / hAsa zuddhatA kA vikAsa / prakAza / kevala anumAna kA / viSaya rahA vizvAsa vicAra sAkAra kahA~ hue ? / basa ! aba nivedana hai / ki/yA to isa kaMkara ko phor3a-phor3a kara / pala bhara meM / kaNa-kaNa kara / zUnya meM / uchAla ... samApta kara do / anyathA / ise / sundara suDaula / zaMkara kA rUpa pradAna kara avilamba / isameM / ananta guNoM kI / prANa pratiSThA / kara do hRdaya meM apUrva niSThA lie / yaha kinnara / akiMcana kiMkara narmadA kA narama kaMkara / caraNoM meM / upasthita huA hai vizva vyAdhi ke pralayaMkara / tIrthaMkara ! / zaMkara !" racanAkAra sAdhaka hai / sAdhanA kAla meM usa para bIta rahI hai, vaha bAdhAoM se guz2ara rahA hai, parISahoM aura upasargoM se saMgharSa kara rahA hai, para vaha hatAza nahIM hai| kAraNa, use sambhAvanAoM para vizvAsa hai, apane prasthAna ke prati gaharI niSThA hai, vizvavyAdhi ke pralayaMkara, zaMkara tIrthaMkara ke caraNoM meM upasthita hai / tar3apa dikhAI par3a rahI hai, jo kahatA hai| : "pAU~ kahA~ hari hAya tumheM, dharatI meM dhasauM ki akAsahiM cIrauM / " vaha bIca meM laTakanA nahIM cAhatA / kaMkara jaisA pratIka sAdhaka yA to ghanaghora tapasyA ke A~dhI-tUphAna meM ise ni:zeSa hI kara degA yA ise sundara, suDaula banAkara dama legA / adhyAtma pathikoM meM prajvalita yahI tar3apa, abhIpsA aura becainI usakA sAttvika pAtheya hai| spaSTa hI ukta racanA meM sAdhaka tapasvI apane ko ananta sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita 'kaMkara - patthara' hI mAnatA hai / sAdhanA belA meM aTUTa vizvAsa ke sAtha prasthita muni kI prAtibha cetanA meM svabhAva meM - aise hI pratIka ubhreNge| jisakA uttara svabhAva meM nihita ho, usakA uttara 'vibhAva' meM kyoM DhU~r3hA jAya ? isalie vArtAlApa ke prasaMga meM DaoN. mAcave dvArA uThAyA gayA savAla ki AcAryazrI ne 'mATI' kA pratIka kyoM liyA, yahA~ samAhita ho jAtA hai| isa racanA ke Aloka meM isa savAla kA bhI samAdhAna nihita hai ki prastuta Alocya kRti mukta chanda meM kyoM likhI gaI ? isa uparyukta uddhRta racanA meM jisa Avega kA visphoTa hai vaha 'mukta chanda' meM hI vyakta ho sakatA hai, isameM jisa snAyavika tanAva se unmukti kA ehasAsa hotA hai, vaha mukta chanda meM hI vyakta ho sakatA hai| jaba Avega nayA hai to vaha apanI abhivyakti kA rAstA bhI nayA hI bnaaegaa| layabaddhatA honI cAhie, chanda ke kramAgata DhA~ce aparyApta par3a jAya~ to par3anA hI caahie|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxiii 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' kA sAkSya isa sandarbha meM 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' (1984 meM prakAzita saMgraha kI 'DUbo mata lagAo DubakI' kavitA ) kA bhI anAyAsa smaraNa ho AtA hai / yaha atyanta bhAvAvegamayI dArzanika racanA hai / jisameM racayitA kA svabhAva bolatA hai, usakI aisI hI pariNati hotI hai / racanAkAra kahatA hai : "yaha bAta satya hai/ki / DubakI vahI lagA sakatA/jo tairanA jAnatA hai jo nahIM jAnatA / vaha DUba sakatA hai / DUbatA hI hai / DUbanA aura DubakI lagAne meM / utanA hI antara hai jitanA / mRtyu aura jIvana meM / " DubakI lagAtA hai gotAkhora, gahare meM gaharI vastu kI upalabdhi ke lie, para yadi vaha tairanA nahIM jAnatA to lakSya prApti ke sAtha Upara A nahIM sakatA / tairane ke lie jaise Arambha meM tumbI jaisI kisI vastu kA avalamba Avazyaka hai / bhI DubakI hai, para niravalamba / niravalamba samAdhi sAvalamba samAdhi ke abhyAsa se hI pAI jA sakatI hai| ata: sAvalamba dhyAna Avazyaka hai / tairanA jAnanA Avazyaka hai DubakI lagAne ke lie, anyathA sAdhaka DUba jAyagA / DubakI lakSya prApti ke bAda Upara uTha jAne ke lie lagAI jAtI hai| DUbatA vaha hai jisa para AvaraNa kA labAdA car3hA huA hai| tiratA vaha hai, Upara uThatA vaha hai jo AvaraNa kA nAza kara halakA ho jAtA hai| dhyAna isI halake hone kA sAdhana hai / yaha racanA bhI abhyAsI ke abhyAsarata svabhAva aura anubhava se phUTI hai, isIlie usameM prasAda, pravAha, Avega aura prAMjalatA hai| DubakI lagAne vAle ke lie tairanA jAnanA par3atA hai para DubakI lagAte samaya tairanA aura tairane kA abhyAsa ho jAne ke bAda sahAre gRha myAga bhI Avazyaka hai, anyathA DubakI ke lie apekSita ekatAnatA pratihata ho jAyagI / sAdhaka ke lie lakSya prApti ke nimitta nirvikalpaka kA aura nirvikalpaka ke lie savikalpaka kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, para ina sahAroM ko uttarottara chor3anA bhI par3atA haiM / kAraNa, antataH ye bhI bAdhaka hI rahate haiN| abhiprAya yaha ki sAdhanA belA kI anubhUti kI ye racanAe~ sva-bhAva kA svAbhAvika samucchalana haiN| ye racanAe~ abhyAsa sAdhya yA sAyAsa nahIM haiN| 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kA sAkSya AcAryazrI pratIka hI bhASA meM bolate haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki 'naI kavitA' bimboM meM bolatI hai, para rahasyavAdI rahasyadarzI pratIkoM meM bolatA hai| pratIka bhASA kI sarvocca zakti hai, usameM saMketa aura vyaMjanA kI asIma kSamatA hai | AlaMkArika bhASA se bar3I hai varNya kI svabhAvamayI bimbAtmaka bhASA aura usase bhI bar3I hai varNya-dRzya kI taha meM nihita adRzya ko sampreSita karane vAlI pratIka bhASA / AcAryazrI isI bhASA meM bolate haiN| dekhie 'totA kyoM rotA?' ('hindI divasa' - 14 sitambara ' 84 ko prakAzita saMgraha) meM saba kucha pratIka hI to hai / dAtA kA pratIka vRkSa, grahItA kA pratIka atithi kI pAtratA, inakA unakA har3apa kara dAna dene kA dambha bharane vAle akarmaNya kA pratIka totA aura phala ko bandhana se mukti dilAne meM sahAyaka sapUta kA pratIka pavana / pAtra ke prati nirabhimAna samarpaNa bhI bandhanamukti kA eka upakrama hI hai| totA akarmaNya kA pratIka hai, ata: dAna kA marma samajha kara vaha glAni se bhara uThA hai, rotA hai / use bhI vRkSa kI taraha taporata hokara saphala honA hai tAki satpAtra ke prati ni:svArtha Atmavisarjana kara - mukta ho / 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM" kA sAkSya pratIkamayI bhASA kA prayoga vahI kara sakatA hai jo 'cetanA ke gaharAva' meM utarakara anubhava ke ratna kamA cukA
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________________ xxxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai / mahArAjazrI ThIka kahate haiM ki 'jahA~ na pahu~ce ravi, vahA~ pahu~ce kavi' / isake Age kA satya yaha hai ki 'jahA~ na pahu~ce kavi, vahA~ pahu~ce svAnubhavI' / yaha sva - anubhava 'cetanA ke gaharAva' AtA hai| bAhara kA anubhava AlaMkArika aura bimbAtmaka bhASA meM ubhara sakatA hai, para 'cetanA ke gaharAva' kA anubhava pratIka bhASA meM hI ubharatA hai, ubhara sakatA hai| pratIka bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha zabdoM se krIr3A karane kI pravRtti bhI inhIM racanAoM se phUTatI lakSita hotI hai| vAlmIki, kAlidAsa aura bhavabhUti bhI zabdakrIr3A karate haiM, isake lie unakI racanAe~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| dekhie, 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' (1988 meM prakAzita saMgraha kI 'tuma kaise pAgala ho' nAmaka kavitA) se yaha zabda krIr3A kisa prakAra apanA mArga DhU~r3hatI hai : " reta retila se nahIM / re ! tila se / tela nikala sakatA hai nikalatA hI hai vidhivat nikAlane se / ... ye saba nItiyA~ sabako jJAta haiM / kintu hita kyA hai ? / ahita kyA hai ? ea kasa meM nihita hai kahA~ jJAta hai ? / kise jJAta hai ? mAno jJAta bhI ho tumheM / zAbdika mAtra ! / anyathA ahita pantha ke pathika/ kaise bane ho tuma / nija ko taja jar3a kA manthana karate ho/ tuma kaise pAgala ho / tuma kaise 'pAga' laho ?" abhyAsarata jIvana hI racanA kA utsa uparyukta uddhRta racanA ko dekheM / zabda krIr3AmayI rekhAMkita paMktiyoM ko dekheM / kaha sakatA hai koI ki yaha zabda krIr3A sAyAsa hai ! yahA~ akrIr3a paMkti se sakrIr3a paMkti svataH sphUrta hai / 'mUkamATI' kI kathAvastu, usakI pratIka bhASA aura usameM lakSita zabda krIr3A kA itihAsa eka krama se svayaM AtA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI prakRti ke paramANu ina pUrvavartI racanAoM meM vidyamAna haiN| isakI AlocanA ke lie pUrvavartI racanAoM kA manana- manthana Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhI hai / isalie yaha pUchane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki prakAnta viSayavastu kI preraNA kA bIja kahA~ nihita hai ? sAdhaka ke abhyAsI jIvana meM hI usakA utsa hai| racanA AtmAbhivyakti hI nahIM, sampreSaNa bhI hai vArtAlApa meM DaoN. mAcave ne eka dUsarA savAla bhI khar3A kiyA gayA hai ki AcAryazrI kavitA ko AtmAbhivyakti mAnate haiM yA sampreSaNa ? para isakA uttara lene yA dene se pUrva pahalI jijJAsA para thor3A aura vicAra kara lenA caahie| 'mUkamATI' kA vikAsa unake taporata usa svabhAva se huA hai jahA~ ve saMgharSazIla haiM, mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM ko jIte hue apamUlyoM ke gurutvAkarSaNa se jUjha rahe haiM, tabhI 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' nikalA / usI saMgharSa kA svara hai ' DUbo mata, lagAo ddubkii'| paudgalika karmoM kA labAdA or3he rahoge to vaz2anadArI Dubo degI, ise pheMka kara halakeM bano aura tadartha DUbakara tira jAo, DUbakara mAnyatAoM aura mUlyoM ko jio / 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' utaro / isa saMgraha meM bhI 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kavitA kA rahanA 'mUkamATI' ke vikAsa kI pUrvavartI bhAva zrRMkhalA kI karAmAta hai / mahArAjazrI jisakA pravacana karate haiM, use jIte haiM aura jise jIte haiM, anubhava karate haiM, use likhate haiM / isIlie vaha asarakArI hotA hai| usameM Ave jvAra-bhATe hote haiM, isIlie ve rUr3ha chandoM ke DhA~ce ko aparyApta pAkara tor3a dete haiM aura mukta chanda pakar3ate haiM / 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kA 'mUkamATI' ke sandarbha meM mahattva 'totA kyoM rotA ?' eka dIrgha pragIta yA lambI racanA hai| isameM 'mUkamATI' kA pUrvarUpa lakSita hotA hai| isameM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxv bhI pratIka yA rUpaka paddhati para kathA hai aura kathA ke bhItara kathA hai, jinake sahAre jina-siddhAntoM kA AkhyAna hai / vizeSa smaraNIya yaha hai ki ye siddhAnta apanI prakRti meM sAmpradAyika hokara bhI sArvabhauma prakRti ke haiM, isIlie vaha sAmpradAyika racanA nahIM, kAvya hai / isameM bhI prakRti ke pariveza meM tapI dharatI para nagna-pAda AmrapAdapa khar3A hai, dAtA ke rUpa meM, pAtra kI pratIkSA hai / udyamI pathika AtA hai, para dAtA meM dAtA hone kA aham ubharatA hai jo ayAcaka pathika ko khaTakatA hai / vaha bhI mAna-sammAna ke sAtha dAna cAhatA hai| mokSamArga meM donoM kI vRtti bAdhaka hai| isa saMvAda - mauna saMvAda - ko vahA~ baiThA huA nissaMga totA sunatA hai, jo na upArjita phala kA dAtA hai aura na yAcaka / dAna kA phala pAnA cAhatA hai, para zramapUrvaka upArjana kie binA / nissaMga bhAva se jaba vaha apanI isa vRtti kA mAnasa sAkSAtkAra karatA hai to apane akarmaNya jIvana para glAni se bhara uThatA hai aura cAhatA hai ki vaha bhI zramI bane, tapasvI bane evaM phalopArjana kare / isa bIca phala meM nirahaMkAra AtmadAna kA bhAva jagatA hai / vRkSaputra suputra pavana kI sahAyatA cAhatA hai| use bhI pitA para kheda hotA hai| phala vanta-bandhana se mukta hone kI kAmanA meM pavana kI sahAyatA prApta karatA hai aura sasammAna tapasvI pathika ke pAtra kA AhvAna karatA hai, phira jo mukti phala ko cAhie, vaha mila jAtI hai / eka pragIta meM yaha anyokti sUkti muktikA kI bhA~ti DhalI huI hai| kitanA kAvyocita kAvyarUpa hai ! anubhUti ke jala meM snAta hone se isameM prabhAvI prabodha-utpAdana kI kSamatA hai / 'mUkamATI' aise hI pragIta muktakoM kI pIThikA para AkAra pAtI hai / rAmacandra zukla ne kavitA kyA hai' zIrSaka nibandha meM prakRti ke aise ramaNIya vyApAroM se mArmika tathya nikAlane vAloM kI pratibhA kI prazaMsA kI hai / unhoMne jaise 'kAmAyanI' ko pragItoM kA samuccaya kahA hai, usI prakAra 'mUkamATI' ko bhI saMvAda-muktakoM kA samuccaya kahA jA sakatA hai - isa vyatireka ke sAtha ki una saMvAda-muktakoM meM ghaTa kI AtmakathA Adyanta sUtra kI bhA~ti anusyUta hai / isa prakAra DaoN. mAcave kI prathama jijJAsA sahaja hI samAhita ho jAtI hai| sampreSaNavAdI kA pakSa-AtmAbhivyaktivAdI kA pakSa samprati, dUsarI jijJAsA dekhI jAya / racanA AtmAbhivyakti hai yA sampreSaNa ? racanA kA sambandha cetanA kI ajJAta gaharAiyoM se jor3ane vAlA manovettA to yahI mAnatA hai ki racanA ho jAtI hai, 'kI' nahIM jaatii| vaha AtmAbhivyakti hai, eka visphoTa hai, jo cetanA ke ajJAta stara se hotA hai / jJAnacetanA ke stara kA ahaMkAramUlaka kartRtva yA to prasupta rahatA hai athavA samarpita hokara mAdhyama bana jAtA hai aura jo kucha honA hai, hotA rahatA hai / dUsarA pakSa mAnatA hai ki cetanA kA utsa samAja hai / vaha samAja meM sattA kA AsAdana karatI hai aura jisa 'bhASA' kA sahArA pakar3atI hai, vaha samAja kI hI dena hai| ata: sampreSaNa bhI racayitA ke svabhAva meM hai| usakA 'sva' itanA vikasita aura vyApaka hai ki usameM samasta 'para' samAhita haiN| racayitA kA vyaktihRdaya lokahRdaya hotA hai, usakI nijI anubhUti meM sarvasAmAnya kI hissedArI hotI hai / isIlie kahatA hai vaha 'svAntaH sukhAya', para nimagna hotA hai sArA loka / saMskAra pAtA hai sArA pAThaka smaaj| anekAntavAdI samanvayI dRSTi racayitA ke hRdaya kA bhAra tabhI utaratA hai jaba vaha auroM meM saMvAda pAtA hai / matalaba prayojana kI dRSTi se 'prIti' aura 'vyutpatti' kI bhA~ti AtmAbhivyakti' aura sampreSaNa meM bhI Atyantika virodha nahIM hai / AtmAbhivyakti sAmAjika kriyA hai aura sAmAjika meM hI caritArtha hotI hai / ata: AtmAbhivyakti kahIM mUla meM hI sampreSaNa hai, sambodhya ke lie hai| loka usake lakSya meM ajJAtabhAva se hI sahI, avazya vidyamAna hai / mahArAjazrI loka-maMgala kI bhAvanA se to paricAlita haiM hI, una siddhAntoM ko jiyA hai unhone, ata: anubhUti paricAlita bhI haiN| "prakhara cintakoM dArzanikoM/tattva-vidoM se bhI aisI/anubhUti-paraka paMktiyA~ prAya: nahIM milatI jo/Aja agni se sunane miliiN|" (pR. 287) /
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________________ xxxvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA svAnubhUti kA prakAzana yoM hI acchA lagatA hai - loka maMgala ho, isa kAraNa aura acchA lagatA hai| vaha sampreSaNa ke viSaya meM 'mUkamATI' meM kahate haiM : "vicAroM ke aikya se/AcAroM ke sAmya se/sampreSaNa meM/nikhAra AtA hai, varanA/vikAra AtA hai !/binA bikharAva/upayoga kI dhArA kA dRr3ha-taToM se saMyata,/sarakana-zIlA saritA-sI/lakSya kI ora bar3hanA hI sampreSaNa kA sahI svarUpa hai/hA~ ! hA~ !! isa viSaya meM vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki sampreSya ke prati/kabhI bhUlakara bhI/adhikAra kA bhAva AnA sampreSaNa kA durupayoga hai,/vaha phalIbhUta bhI nahIM hotA!/aura, sahakAra kA bhAva AnA/sadupayoga hai, sArthaka hai| sampreSaNa vaha khAda hai/jisase, ki/sadbhAvoM kI paudha puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai|" (pR. 22-23) ina paMktiyoM ke Aloka meM lagatA hai ki mahArAjazrI kA sampreSaNa kI ora jhukAva hai / lokamaMgalakAmI meM yaha honA hI cAhie / zAstrakAvya meM sampreSaNa kI bhAvanA balavatI hotI hI hai / parantu sampreSaNa kA jo svarUpa uparyukta paMktiyoM meM vyakta hai, vaha starIya hai| usameM nikhAra ke lie vicAroM kA samanvaya aura AcAragata sAmya cAhie / lakSya kI ora ekatAnatA hI usakA sahI svarUpa hai / yaha vaha khAda hai jisase sadbhAvoM kI paudha puSTa-sampuSTa hotI hai| sAtha hI yaha ki sampreSya para hAvI hone se sampreSaNa kA svarUpa bigar3atA hai, phalata:use bhoga rUpa meM sahakArI hI honA caahie| 'mUkamATI'- kAvyatva aura kAvyarUpa ___uparyukta vivecana ke Aloka meM spaSTa hai ki prastuta racanA loka-maMgala kI bhAvanA se likhI gaI hai| isameM una mUlyoM kA saMvAdoM dvArA upasthApana hai jo mAnava ko 'vibhAva' se 'sva-bhAva sAkSAtkAra kI dizA meM le jAte haiN| mahArAjazrI ne ina mUlyoM ko jiyA hai / ata: unheM sampreSaNa hI nahIM, svAnubhUti kA rasa bhI 'svAntaH sukhAya' paricAlita karatA hai| isa paddhati se sampreSaNa ke bIja unakI pUrvavartI racanAoM meM lakSita hote haiN| usI kA yaha prabandha kI dharA para sahaja vikAsa hai / isameM AtmAbhivyakti bhI hai aura sampreSaNa bhI, svAnubhUti kA ullAsa bhI paricAlaka hai aura loka-maMgala kI kAmanA bhii| mahAkAvyoM meM mUlyagAna kI paramparA Upara yaha mAnyatA rakhI gaI hai ki prastuta racanA zuddha kavitA nahIM, zAstrakAvya hai / sahRdaya AcAryoM kI dhAraNA hai ki vastuta: kAvya saMvedanA kA samucchalana hai| AdikAvya rAmAyaNa kI racanA prakriyA kA vizleSaNa karate hue Anandavarddhana aura abhinavaguptapAdAcArya ne kAvya ko sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA hI rUpAntaraNa mAnA hai, zAstrIya mAnyatAoM kA rocaka upasthApana mAtra nahIM; go ki vAlmIki ne apane mahAkAvya kI racanA ke upayukta nAyaka kI talAza meM nArada ke sAmane jo mAnadaNDa rakhe the, ve mAnava mUlyoM ke hI the| una mUlyoM se maNDita nAyaka ke jIvana ke kalAtmaka udrekhaNa ke vyAja se maharSi una mUlyoM kA hI gAna karanA cAhatA hai| mahAbhArata ke bhI Adi, anta aura madhya meM bhagavAn vAsudeva hI vidyamAna mahAkAvya kI do dhArAe~ jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, samasyA kAvyasAmagrI ke saMyojana meM die gae balAbala kA hai / koI rasAtmaka prabhAva ko kendra meM rakha kara usake anurUpa samucita sAmagrI kA saMyojana karegA jabaki dUsarA mUlyoM ke rocaka DhaMga se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxvii upasthApana meM ruci pradarzita kregaa| anubhUti aura mUlya yojanA donoM hI dhArAoM meM hai| prathama dhArA meM sthAyI kA cetana Azraya meM vidhAna hogA aura hRdaya jagat ke bhAvoM kI U~cAiyA~, gaharAiyA~, vividhatA aura vyApakatA prabhAvI hoMgI, mUlya carcA AnuSaMgika aura dUsarI dhArA meM yaha saba abhivyakti paddhati meM A jAyagA, kathya kA svara upadezaparaka hogaa| yahA~ sAdhanArata muni apane jIvana krama se prerita hokara 'sambhAvanAoM ko 'upalabdhi' kI maMz2ila kI yAtrA karA rahA hai jabaki pahalI dhArA meM upalabdhi banI mahAn AtmAoM kI rasamaya jIvanagAthA prastuta kI jAtI hai| sambhAvanAe~ upalabdhi banatI haiN| mUlyoM ke prati AsthAvAn hokara unheM jIne se lakSya kI prApti hotI hai / sambhAvanA pratisattA meM vidyamAna hai| isake lie pratIka kA mAdhyama grahaNa karanA kAvyocita saraNi hai / prastuta yA pradhAna cetana mAnava hI hai, para vyaMjanA se usakI kathA aura bhI prabhAvI tathA kAvyocita hai| 'mUkamATI'kA kavi-yuga kA kavi saritA-taTa kI mUkamATI asIma sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita hai, bhale hI vaha pada dalita, upekSita aura nagaNya lagatI ho / isameM prastuta nagaNya mAnava hI hai, jo apanI UrdhvagAmI aparimeya sambhAvanAoM meM gaNanIya hai / ata: isake kAvyatva para a~gulI uThAnA asahRdayatA hogii| dUsare Aja kA takAdA bhI avAma ko uThAne kA hai| pahale maMca para glaimara (udAtta) abhinIta hotA thA, Aja maMca para sAmAnya z2iMdagI abhinIta hotI hai / pahale upalabdhi kA yazogAna hotA thA, Aja sambhAvanAoM kA saMgharSa gAyA jAtA hai / sAdhanA aura saMgharSa jitanA sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi banane meM sahaja aura preraNAprada hai, utanA ulaTe rAste calakara nahIM / carita kAvyoM aura purANa kAvyoM meM bhI saMgharSa hai, para donoM kA yuga-bheda hai| eka saMgharSazIla taporata muni apane yuga ke sAtha cala rahA hai aura sambhAvanAmayI virAT sattA ke beTe yA beTI kI kathA kaha rahA hai| usake kAvya kA viSaya virAT sattA hI hai / prastuta vahI hai, yaha to aprastuta hai / kAvya svarUpa viSayaka do dhArAe~ jo loga vividhavidha paristhitiyoM ke bIca cetana mAnava ko Azraya banAkara bhAvanAoM kA Avarjaka rUpa, usake jvAra-bhAToM ke kAvyagata kalAgata udrekhaNa ke pakSadhara haiM, unakA bhI eka pakSa hai, para unheM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki Alocya kRti kA racayitA eka jaina santa hai, AdhyAtmika yAtrA kA kRtArtha pathika hai| usakI kAvya sambandhI avadhAraNA kucha aura hai, yaha nahIM ki vaha isase asahamata hai / paramparA meM pIche kI ora caleM, spaSTa hI kAvya kI do pratinidhi paribhASAe~ mileMgI- eka sAhityarasika AcArya kuntaka kI aura dUsarI adhyAtmarasika gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kii| kuntaka kahate haiM- vakrokti hI kAvya kA jIvita hai aura vakrokti prasiddhaprasthAnavyatirekiNI vicitra abhidhA' hai, vakrabhaNiti hai, parantu isa vakratA kA parama rahasya pratibhA nAma kI tIsarI A~kha se dRSTa varNyavastu kA svabhAva' nirUpaNa hI hai| sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kI cArutA ko sampreSita karane vAlA saTIka zabda hI kAvya hai / gosvAmIjI kA pakSa hai : "bhaniti bicitra sukabi kRta joU, rAma nAma binu soha na souu|" arthAt sukavi kRta 'vicitra yA vakrabhaNiti' hI kyoM na ho, para kAvya ke lie jisa taraha kI 'cArutA' kA honA Avazyaka hai vaha AdhyAtmika cetanA ke saMsparza ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / kAvyocita cArutA kA srota AdhyAtmika cetanA hai| hA~, vaha anubhUti ke stara kI ho, mAtra bauddhika stara kI nhiiN| racayitA ne use jiyA ho, tabhI usake zabdabaddha samucchalana meM pAThaka ko rasa AegA, usakA Anandavardhana hogA, jJAnavarddhana to hogA hii| racayitA bar3e AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha kahatA hai : "isa para bhI yadi/tumheM/zramaNa-sAdhanA ke viSaya meM/aura
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________________ xxxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA akSaya sukha-sambandha meM/vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA ho/to phira aba antima kucha kahatA hU~/ki,/kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se maiM jahA~ para hU~/vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/tumheM hogI merI sahI-sahI pahacAna/kyoMki/Upara se nIce dekhane se/cakkara AtA hai aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna/lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai| isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !" (pR. 487-488) racayitA kI sAhitya viSayaka avadhAraNA ___ gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, jo nAbhAdAsa ke zabdoM meM 'kalikulajIvanistArahita vAlmIki ke hI, Adi kavi ke hI, avatAra haiM"-kI paramparA meM muni vidyAsAgara kI bhI sAhitya svarUpa viSayaka avadhAraNA ko dRSTigata kreN| unakA pakSa hai - sAhitya sahita kA bhAva hai aura 'sahita' meM 'hita' nihita hai : "artha yaha huA ki/jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa !" (pR. 111) racayitA 'svabhAva-sukha' ko sukha kahatA hai / vahI jIvanta aura zAzvata sAhitya meM vyApta sugandha hai jisase rahita hone para sukavi kRta bhaNiti 'vicitra' hokara bhI sArahIna zabda-jhuNDa hai| racayitA jisa zAnta rasa ko rasarAja mAnatA hai, use zabdabaddha kara rahA hai, para 'zAnta' kI pAryantika anubhUti vAgbaddha nahIM ho sktii| usakI saMgharSamaya sAdhanAvasthA hI zabdabaddha ho sakatI hai / 'dazarUpaka' aura usake TIkAkAra dhanika dhanaMjaya kahate haiM : "na yatra duHkhaM na sukhaM na cintA na dveSarAgau na ca kaacidicchaa| rasastu zAnta: kathito munIndraiH sarveSu bhAveSu zamapradhAnaH // ' 4/46 / / zAnta rasa AtmasvarUpAyatti hai, ata: svarUpata: vaha anirvacanIya hai, ata: usake upAya kA hI varNana aura AsvAda ho sakatA hai| prastuta kRti zAnta rasa kI saMvedanA kA rUpAntaraNa hai Alocya grantha meM zAnta rasa svarUpa svabhAva-sukha' kI maMz2ila taka pahu~cane ke lie saMgharSazIla, taporata sambhAvanAmayI mATI, jo ghaTa kA upAdAna hai, kI hI to AtmakathA kahI gaI hai / ghaTa kA upAdAna mATI mahAsattA mA~ dharatI kA hI aMza hai / isIlie racayitA sthAna-sthAna para dharatI ke vyAja se usa mahAsattA kA stavana karatA hai aura gagana se bhI adhika usa mAtA dharatI kI mahattA kA khyApana karatA hai / yahI virAT mAtR sattA hI isa kAvya kA varNya hai / jisa prakAra rAmAyaNa meM rAma, mahAbhArata meM 'vAsudeva aura rAmacaritamAnasa ke Adi, madhya tathA avasAna meM 'rAma' kA hI yazogAna hai, usI prakAra yahA~ bhI mAtR sattA virAT cetanA - virAT sattA - vyApaka sattA ('dharatI' se vyaMjita prastuta) kA yazogAna hai| isa prakAra yaha pratIka kAvya hai, ghaTopAdAna mATI usI kA aMza hai / yaha ghaTa Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sambhAvanA vAle
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xxxix sAdhaka jIva kA pratIka hai / isIlie vyAsa ne 'naratvaM durlabhaM loke' kahA hai| kavitva ke ucchalana kA srota-pratIka paddhati zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva zama yA nirveda hai jo samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' hai| vAcya rUpa meM ghaTa se vyaMjita pratIyamAna taporata sAdhaka hI usa zama nAmaka sthAyI bhAva kA Azraya hai| kaMkara ajIva, karmamaya paudgalika paramANusaMghAta ke pratIka haiM, jinase sampRkta hokara jIva 'svabhAva' ko vismRta kie hue hai aura vibhAvAbhimAnI banakara duHkha bhoga rahA hai| mA~ dharatI kA honahAra patra ghaTa apanI mA~ se jo 'zrata'sanatA hai. AsthA kI nAsA se usakI parIsagandhi letA hai. aura taba khulA huA gantavya kA rAstA hI usakA zAstA bana jAtA hai, ghaTa kI pAtratA apanI adamya abhIpsA se AcArya kumbhakAra ko khIMca lAtI hai, jo nimitta bana jAtA hai upAdAna kI sambhAvanAoM ko upalabdhi banAne meM / tIsare aura cauthe khaNDoM meM varNita saMgharSa para dRr3ha AsthA aura vizvAsa vijaya pAtI hai| ghaTa to jIvana mukta hotA hI hai, AcArya ke prati AtmadAna karatA huA, usase jur3A huA seTha parivAra bhI du:kha saritA kA santaraNa kara jAtA hai| sabhI arihanta kA sAkSAtkAra kara lete haiM / yaha saba samasta tRSNA yA kASAyakSaya ke binA- ghAti karmakSaya ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / yahI samasta tRSNAkSayasukhAtmA zama kI zAnta meM niSpatti hai / 'kAvyaprakAzakAra kahatA hai : "syAd vAcako lAkSaNikaH zabdo'tra vyNjkstridhaa|" (2/5) arthAt vyavahAra aura zAstra meM zabda vAcaka aura lAkSaNika hote haiM, parantu 'atra' arthAt kAvya meM vyaMjaka' hote haiN| isa prakAra vyaMjaka yA pratIka ko mAdhyama banAkara varNya kA upagUhana kavitva kA prabala srota hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM rahasya ke upasthApana kI yahI paddhati hai| kavitva ke itane bar3e srota ke jAgarUka hote hue bhI jinheM yahA~ kavitva lakSita nahIM hotA, unake viSaya meM kyA kahA jAya ? "nAyaM sthANoraparAdha: yadenamandho na pazyati / " 'locana'kAra kAvya ko lalitocitasannivezacAru' kahatA hai aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha 'samucitalalitasannivezacAru' kahate haiM / vahI zabdArthasanniveza lalita aura ucita hai, phalata: 'cAru' hai, kAvya hai, jo rasAnurodhI hai / lAlitya kA AdhAna rasAnurodha se hI hotA hai aura usI ke anurodha se aucitya kA nirdhAraNa bhI hotA hai / yaha lAlitya kAvya kI jisa bhAvaka bhASA meM hotI hai usameM rasa bhAvakatA kA AdhAna guNa aura alaMkAra maNDana se hotA hai / zAnta rasa hone se mAdhurya guNa to hai hI, alaMkAra kI bAta hama Age kreNge| alaMkAroM meM eka alaMkAra hai-'nirukti' jo vyutpatti mUlaka camatkAra kA mukhApekSI hai| yaha alaMkAra to racayitA kI pahacAna bana gayA hai| isa prakAra Alocya kRti kI bhASA zAstrabhASA nahIM hai, vaha abhidhAtmaka nahIM hai / kahIM kvacit, vizeSakara jaba koI pAtra mAnyatAoM kA varNana kara rahA ho, to vahA~ kI bhASA abhidhAtmaka ho sakatI hai. para kati ko usakI akhaNDatA meM dekhanA cAhie na ki kATakara ekadeza meN| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne kahA hai ki mahAkAvya kI AsvAdadhArA meM nIrasa prasaMga bhI sarasa ho uThate haiN| zama kI puSTi kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa zAnta ko saMvedanA mAnakara prastuta kRti ko usakA rUpAntara kahA jA rahA hai, usakA sthAyI bhAva 'zama' cetana meM hI sambhava hai / ghaTa cetana kahA~ hai ? ata: zama kI sthiti na hone se zAnta kI saMvedanA acetana pAtra meM kaise rakhI jA sakatI hai ? uttara meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ghaTa aprastuta hai / prastuta to sAdhaka jIvAtmA hI hai, jo zAnta kI sthiti meM pahu~cane ke lie zama yA nirveda kA antas meM avasthAna karatA hai / Arambha meM hI vaha mA~ dharatI
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________________ xl:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se apanI vyathA-kathA prastuta karatA hai| usameM viSaya ke prati virAga bhAva hI to hai| svarUpAyatti lakSaNa zAnta kI sthiti meM jAne kI adamya abhIpsA kA iz2ahAra karatA hai sambhAvanA ke rUpa meM mATI' meM nihita ghaTa / mATI kahatI hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) kRti ke anta meM vahI mA~ sattA 'zAnta' rasa meM pratiSThita ghaTa sAdhaka ko sambodhita karatI huI kahatI hai : ".."so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/vargAtIta apavarga huaa|"(pR. 483) niSkarSa yaha ki Alocya kRti meM kavitva ke vibhinna srota vidyamAna haiN| yaha avazya hai ki yaha santoM kA kAvya hai jahA~ mUlyagAna kI cetanA udagra rahatI hai, AdhyAtmika cetanA kI sugandha Adyanta vyApta rahatI hai, vahI 'hita' hai, usase yukta arthAt 'sahita' kA hI bhAva yahA~ sAhitya kI apekSita zarta hai / rasarAja se bhinna zAntetara rasa kI pAryAntika anubhUti sambhava hai| ata: jisa prakAra vibhAvAdi samagra aMgoM kI yojanA prItyatpAdaka DhaMga se vahA~ sambhava hai. vaisA zAnta rasa ko aMgI banAkara nahIM / yahA~ upAya kA hI varNana sambhava hai, jaisA ki dhanaJjaya ne 'dazarUpaka' meM kahA hai / dUsare zailI-vijJAna kahatA hai ki a-kAvyabhASA se kAvyabhASA ke vyAvartaka cAra lakSaNa haiM : 1. vicalana (Deviation) (vipathana bhI) 2. sAdRzya (Analogy) 3. cayana (Selected Word) (upayukta zabda) 4. samAntaratA (Foregrounding) zailI vijJAna kA sAkSya 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA meM 'ghaTa' ko jIvAtmA kA pratIka banAkara Adyanta eka kathA prastuti 'vicalana' kA hI udAharaNa hai / paramparA meM aisA kahIM nahIM milatA, vizeSakara jaina muniyoM kI prabandha kAvya paramparA meM / naI upalabdhi ke lie purAne ko tor3anA bhI racanA kI eka viziSTa upalabdhi hai| prakIrNaka rUpa meM bhASA para vicAra karate hue Age isa yA ina binduoM para adhika kahA jaaygaa| sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kA svataHsphUrta viniyoga prAcIna zabdAvalI meM yaha samucitalalitasannivezacAru' kAvyabhASA se maNDita hone ke kAraNa ise 'kAvya' kahane meM mujhe koI Apatti pratIta nahIM hotii| jisa rocaka aura ramaNIya bhASA meM anubhava kI abhivyakti yahA~ hai, hai vaisI bhASA meM kisI zAstra kI saMracanA ? kahIM-kahIM to aise 'apRthagyalanirvatya' alaMkAroM kA pravAha uphana par3A hai ki 'kAdambarI' kI mahAzvetA ke vilApa kI bhASA yAda A jAtI hai / isa sandarbha meM antima khaNDa kA vaha prasaMga dekhA jA sakatA hai, jisameM "ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha.."(pR.350 se 352 taka) kI dazA kA vivaraNa dene ke lie aprastutoM kI mAlA uphana par3I hai| tIsare khaNDa ke saMvAda ko par3heM to usake pIche nihita bhAva-pravAha kA Avega bhAvamagna kara detA hai| dRzyakAvya kI apekSA mahAkAvya kI saMracanA zithila hotI hai| usameM prasaMgavaza samAgata sandarbha anapekSita vistAra pA jAte haiN| anupAta meM svalpa zabda krIr3A yA saMkhyA krIr3A se samagra prabandha adhama koTi kA yA prahelikAprAya ho jAyagA ? mujhe aisA nahIM lgtaa| 'laganA' hai bhI AtmaniSTha pratikriyA / sabakA laganA' alaga-alaga hotA hai| hA~, 'laganA' se 'honA' avazya bhinna hai| kAvyarUpa kA vicAra-mahAkAvya kavitva yA kAvya kI prakRti kI dRSTi se dekha lene ke bAda samprati 'mahAkAvya' ke nikaSa para isakI parIkSA kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xli jAnI caahie| aneka samIkSakoM ne ise jaise-taise 'kAvya' to mAna liyA hai, parantu 'mahAkAvya' nahIM mAnA hai| nizcaya hI una samIkSakoM ke mAnasa para jo mAnadaNDa aMkita haiM, ve pAramparika mahAkAvyoM se nirgata sA~ce yA lakSaNa haiN| jayazaMkara prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' ko lekara bhI aisI hI kazamakaza calI thii| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne to usake prabandhatva para hI kar3A prahAra kiyA hai aura use pragItoM kA samuccaya ghoSita kara diyA hai / paNDita vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne use ekArtha kAvya' kahA hai, parantu DaoN. nagendra ne usameM nihita 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' ko dekhakara, vibhinna ghaTakoM meM nihita audAttya ko dekhakara use chAyAvAdI paddhati kA mahAkAvya kahA hai| pracalita maMcoM para apane nATakoM ko anabhineya ghoSita karane vAloM se prasAdajI ne kahA thA ki nATaka ke lie maMca banAyA jAnA cAhie, na ki maMcoM ke bane-banAe DhA~coM ke anurUpa nATaka banAe jAne caahie| yadi pUrva pracalita sA~coM meM hI sarjanA simaTa kara raha jAya to usakI pragati kisa prakAra sambhava hai ? ataH samucita yahI hai ki pAramparika sA~ce ko tor3a kara yugIna saMvedanA se paricAlita racanA meM yadi 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' hai, to tadanurUpa nayA sA~cA bhI banAyA jAnA caahie| 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvyatva kI parIkSA svayaM usase nirgata mAnadaNDa para kiyA jAnA samacita hogaa| yaha kahanA ki isa prakAra arAjakatA phailegI. loga nae-nae sA~coM ke anurUpa mahAkAvya likhane lagege, to pahalI bAta yaha hai ki aisA ho bhI to sahI / 'mUkamATI' kI bhA~ti nae mAnadaNDoM vAlI racanAe~ mahAprANa racayitA hI kara sakate haiM, Ama AdamI se sambhava nahIM hai, phalata: arAjakatA kA savAla hI nahIM uThatA / aise prayAsa sambhAvanAmayI racanA ke vividha AyAma anAvRta karate haiN| pAramparika sA~cA-mahAkAvya ke anivArya ghaTaka 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' kaha sakatA hai koI ki isameM 'mahattva' aura 'kAvyatva' nahIM hai? kyA isa kAvya kA lakSya jo 'apavarga' hai, usase bhI mahattara lakSya ho sakatA hai ? kAvyatva kI bAta Upara kI hI gaI hai| 'tusyatu durjananyAya' se pahale pAramparika sA~ce ko hI leN| pAramparika sA~ce ke lie nimnalikhita upakaraNa apekSita haiM : 1. isameM jIvana kA sarvAMgINa citraNa honA caahie| 2. isameM eka yA aneka nAyaka hoN| ve prakhyAta rAjavaMzI hoM aura dhIrodAtta hoN| 3. isameM maMgalAcaraNa ho| 4. ATha yA usase adhika sarga hoN| 5. divA, rAtri, parvata Adi kA varNana ho| 6. sarga meM eka hI chanda ho, para anta meM chanda parivartana ho / 7. sabhI sandhiyA~ hoM, phalata: prakhyAta yA loka prasiddha kathA ho / 8. vIra, zrRMgAra athavA zAnta meM se eka rasa ho, jo aMgI ho / 9. sajjana-asajjana kI stuti aura nindA ho / ina lakSaNoM meM spaSTa hI do varga haiM- bahiraMga aura antaraMga / bahiraMga meM- (ka) maMgalAcaraNa (kha) sarga kI saMkhyA kA niyama (ga) chanda sambandhI niyama kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'kAmAyanI' yA 'priya pravAsa' meM maMgalAcaraNa nahIM hai| jina-jina mahAkAvyoM meM vastu nirdezAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai, usameM koI Thosa pramANa nahIM hai / sarga kI saMkhyA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' para hI lAgU nahIM hotI / chandoM kA anta meM badalanA bhI aisA hI bahiraMga lakSaNa hai / antaraMga lakSaNoM meM navama ko chor3akara zeSa A sakate haiN| mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa 'sAhityadarpaNa'kAra kahatA hai :
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________________ xlii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "sargabandho mahAkAvyaM tatraiko nAyakaH suraH / sadvaMza: kSatriyo vApi dhIrodAttaguNAnvitaH // ekavaMzabhavA bhUpAH kulajA bahavo'pi vA / zrRMgAravIrazAntAnAmeko'GgI rasa iSyate // aMgAni sarve'pi rasAH sarve nATakasandhayaH / ...kvacinnindA khalAdInAM satAM ca guNakIrttanam / ... sandhyAsUryendurajanIpradoSadhvAntavAsarAH / / prAtarmadhyAhnamRgayAzailartuvanasAgarAH / sambhogavipralambhau ca munisvargapurAdhvarAH // raNaprayANopayamamantraputrodayAdayaH / varNanIyA yathAyogyaM sAGgopAGgA amI iha / " isa uddharaNa se nirgata Avazyaka-anAvazyaka ghaTakoM kA ullekha Upara kara diyA gayA hai| lakSaNa lakSya se nikAle jAte haiM, isIlie kAvyazAstra 'kAvyAnuzAsana' bhI kahA jAtA hai / yaha zAsana yA zAstra kAvyAnudhAvI hotA hai / zAstra 'zaMsana', 'zAsana' aura 'anuzAsana'- tInoM ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna sandarbhoM meM paribhASita hotA hai / samprati Alocya kRti para pAramparika sA~ce ke ghaTakoM kA saMcAra karanA cAhie / Alocya kRti kI saMkSipta kathAvastu pAramparika sA~ce ke anusAra kathAvastu meM AdhikArika kathA aura prAsaMgika kathAe~ hotI haiN| prAsaMgika kathA bhI prakAra kI hotI hai patAkA aura prakarI / pahalI dUra taka calatI hai aura dUsarI alpadezavyApI hotI hai / isameM AdhikArika kathA usa mUkamATI kI hai jisameM ghaTa rUpa meM pariNata hone kI sambhAvanA hai| adhikAra kA artha hai-phalasvAmya- mukhya phala / yaha mukhya phala jise prApta ho, vaha adhikArI kahA jAtA hai aura isase sambaddha kathA AdhikArika hai / yahA~ mukhya phala hai 'apavarga, ' jise ghaTa prApta karatA hai| isa prayojana kI prApti netRtva yA prayAsa usI kA hai, ata: use hI adhikArI mAnA jAnA caahie| isakI kathA Adyanta calatI hai| pratyeka khaNDa usakI kathA pramukha hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki avAntara prasaMga pracuratA se Ate haiM jisase mUla kathA kA pravAha bAdhita hotA hai| kathA ke pravAha meM sahaja hI prasaMgAntara kA phUTa par3anA eka bAta hai aura siddhAntoM tathA mAnyatAoM ke upasthApana ke lobha se prasaMgAntara bar3hAte calanA dUsarI bAta hai / yahA~ dUsarI pravRtti adhika lakSita hotI hai| grantha ke cAra khaNDoM meM kathAvastu vibhAjita hai : [ka] saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha / [kha] zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM / [ga] puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / [gha] agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / kAvya jaba apanI samagratA meM rUpaka, anyokti athavA anyApadeza kA bAnA dhAraNa karake AtA hai, taba aneka prakAra kI samasyAe~ uTha khar3I hotI haiN| 'kAmAyanI' ko bhI ina samasyAoM se jUjhanA par3A hai aura usakA kAvyatva vyAhata huA hai| sabase pahalI samasyA yaha AtI aprastuta AkhyAna kI prastuta vRtta para Adyanta saMgati kaise biThAI jAya kathAvastu kI parikalpanA meM racayitA ne apanA prasthAna pRthak kara liyA hai, parantu mAnyatAe~ kaise pRthak kara sakatA hai ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xliii prAcIna yuga meM 'upalabdhiyoM' para mahAkAvya likhe jAte the / kAraNa yaha thA ki taba vyakti upalabdhi' banakara hamAre sAmane vidyamAna the / Adhunika yuga ke buddhivAda ne hameM saMzayagrasta karake 'ajJa' aura 'azraddhAlu' banA diyA hai| ausatana hamArA adhikAMza a-niSThA prasthAna kA anuvartI bana gayA hai / Ama AdamI kI cetanA pUrI taraha kisI se nahIM jur3a pA rahI hai / isalie yaha yuga baunoM kA yuga kahA jA rahA hai / aise samaya meM cintaka kA dhyAna 'upalabdhi' se haTa kara 'sambhAvanA' para kendrita hotA jA rahA hai jo pratipadArtha aura vyakti meM vidyamAna hai| 'sambhAvanA' jaba 'upalabdhi' banane kI dizA meM agrasara hotI hai taba use mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM ko jInA par3atA hai aura aise meM apamUlyoM se saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai| isa saMgharSa meM vahI vijayI bana sakatA hai jo dRr3haniSThA vAlA hotA hai / racayitA ne isIlie paramparA se haTakara apane kAvya kA nAyaka usa mUkamATI ko banAyA hai, jo pada dalitA hai, jisameM UrdhvagAmI sambhAvanAoM se bhare hue ghaTa ko anurUpa nimitta pAkara ubharane kI sambhAvanA hai athavA jisameM ghaTAtmaka pariNAma kI sambhAvanA hai| prasthAna pArthakya ke kAraNa utpanna samasyAe~ prasthAna pArthakya ke sAtha apanI bAta kahane ke lie racayitA ko anyApadeza kI paddhati pakar3anI pdd'ii| jainetara mahAkAvyoM meM una mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM se maNDita nAyakoM kI kathA kahI gaI hai jinase vyavahAra yA loka aura samAja kA sandhAraNa hotA hai kintu prathamAnuyoga ke antargata pAramparika jaina racanAkAroM ne isase Age bar3hakara pAramArthika lakSya kI upalabdhi meM abhirata zalAkA puruSoM kA caritra citrita kiyA hai| prastuta grantha ke racayitA ne apanI paramparA se sampRkta rahakara bhI yugIna saMvedanA ke prabhAva meM mahAkAvya lekhana kI paddhati badala dI hai aura isase kaI kaThinAiyA~ bhI ubharI haiN| eka ora prAcIna aura pAramparika sA~ce ke saMskArI samIkSaka jhallA uThe haiM aura dUsarI ora sahAnubhUtizIla samIkSakoM ko bhI aprastuta aura prastuta ke Adyanta saMgati meM kaThinAI uTha khar3I huI hai| udAharaNArtha, pahale khaNDa meM hI dekheM-upAdAna kAraNa svarUpa 'mATI' meM vijAtIya kaMkara kA sAMkarya jaladhAraNa karane yogya ghaTAtmaka satpAtra ke nirmANa meM bAdhaka hai| ata: 'varNalAbha' karane ke nimitta sAMkarya' kA haTAyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| isalie nimitta banakara kumbhakAra zilpI ko yaha kArya karanA hI hai / isa anyApadezika AkhyAna meM 'ajIvagata' doSa kA aprastuta kaMkara' hai aura 'jIva' kA 'ghaTa', jo abhI 'mATI' meM sambhAvanA banA huA hai, AkArata: avyakta hai / kumbhakAra sadguru kA pratIka yA aprastuta hai, jo satpAtra ke rUpa meM 'ghaTa' kA nirmANa karatA hai / parantu samApana ke sandarbha meM vaha kumbhakAra apane ko RSi-santoM kA jaghanya sevaka mAnatA hai tathA kucha hI dUrI para pAdapa ke nIce pASANa-phalaka para AsIna nIrAga sAdhu ko iMgita karatA hai| ApAtataH sandeha hotA hai ki yadi ghaTa baddhajIva kA Arambha meM pratIka hai to 'dharatI' aura 'mATI' kisake pratIka haiM ? ve kisa prastuta kI vyaMjanA kara rahe haiM ? vAstava meM yaha zaMkA nirmUla hai / mATI to dharatI jaisI mahAsattA kA aMza hI hai aura 'ghaTa' usakA paryAya hai, bhinna nhiiN| vaha to mATI meM hI sambhAvita kI nimitta-sApekSa dazA vizeSa hai, bhinna nahIM / grantha kA mATI' aura 'kumbhakAra' se zubhArambha jaina darzana kI 'upAdAna' aura 'nimitta' jaise usa siddhAnta ko Atmagata karake calanA hai, jisameM saMsAra ke kartA jaise pRthak Izvara kI parikalpanA kA niSedha hai / kathAdhArA varNana aura saMvAda ke sahAre Age bar3hatI hai / mATI kI abhIpsA meM itanA vaz2ana hai ki zilpI, jo sadguru kA pratIka hai, svayaM calA AtA hai / vaha karuNAsAgara hai / sAdhaka kI tar3apa use khIMca lAtI hai / nirmAtA zilpI kudAlI calAkara, mATI ko gadhe para lAdakara upAzrama meM lAtA hai, jahA~ mATI chAnI jAtI hai evaM kaMkara alaga kie jAte haiN| tadanantara kUpa se bAlaTI meM pAnI bAhara lAyA jAtA hai| bAlaTI jisa rassI meM ba~dhI hai, usameM granthi hai, jo prayatnapUrvaka khola lI jAtI hai| isase pAnI bharI bAlaTI sukaratA se Upara A jAtI hai| prathama khaNDa kI kathA itanI hI hai| samAdhAna yahA~ AzaMkA puna: zira uThAtI hai ki jIva vijAtIya ajIva paudgalika karma se AvRta hone ke kAraNa anAdikAla
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________________ xliv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se saMkIrNa svarUpa hai| zilpI isa sAMkarya se ghaTa ko alaga kara detA hai / phalata: vaha asaMkIrNa hokara zuddha varNalAbha kara letA hai| isa taraha jaba vaha zuddha varNalAbha kara letA hai, taba lakSya prApti ho jAtI hai aura jaba lakSya prApti ho gaI taba kathA sUtra ko samApta ho jAnA caahie| Age kI kathA kyoM bar3hAI jAya? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki abhI AMzika mala hI samApta huA hai| kaMkara saMyogaja vikAra kA hI pratIka hai / AMzika mala yA kaSAya abhI bhI zeSa hai jise tapa kI agni meM aura jalAnA hai aura jalane-jalAne kA yaha krama lambA calatA hai taba kahIM 'ghaTa' zuddha sva-bhAva meM pratiSThita hotA hai / ata: kathAsUtra ko AntarAlika saMgharSa ke pratIka rUpa meM aura bar3hAnA hI hai| isa prasaMga meM 'saMkara' aura 'varNa' zabdoM kI taha meM eka aura artha kI jhalaka mila sakatI hai| 'saMkara' doSa kramAgata 'varNa-vyavasthA' meM 'varNa' se paraspara bhinna mAtA aura pitA se utpanna santati meM bhI hotA hai, jo usI janma meM nahIM haTa sakatA / isake lie janmAntara Avazyaka hai / ata: isa Azaya se grasta saMkIrNa varNavAdI ko Apatti ho sakatI hai ki usI janma meM zilpI ne mATI kA sAMkarya kaise haTA diyA? parantu racayitA kI nimnalikhita paMktiyoM ke sAkSya para spaSTa hai ki usane 'varNa' zabda kA prayoga 'zIla' ke artha meM kiyA hai : "isa prasaMga se/varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai na hI aMga se/varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai / " (pR. 47) sAtha hI 'saMkara' zabda para (ajIva) saMsarga-janya vikAra ke artha meM prayukta hai / ata: santa - sadguru ke saMsarga se usakA nirasana sambhava hai| inhIM arthoM meM prastuta kAvyagata prayukta varNa' aura 'saMkara' ko lenA cAhie, na ki saMkIrNa aura nihita svArthI dRSTi se anya Aropita artha / zeSa kathAvastu dvitIya khaNDa meM zodhita mRttikA kA jala se, chAne hue jala se, secana hotA hai / rauMdI jAkara mATI loMde kA AkAra grahaNa karatI hai / loMdA cakra para car3hAyA jAtA hai aura ghaTa kA AkAra grahaNa karatA hai / isake bAda vaha tapana meM sukhAyA jAtA hai / isa tApa yA tapa se kucha vikAra aura bhasma hote haiN| tapasyA kA krama tRtIya khaNDa meM aura ugra hotA hai| yahA~ puNya kA pAlana aura pApa kA prakSAlana hotA hai / kumbhakAra haTa jAtA hai / prAkRtika upasargoM kI badalI, bAdala ke pratIkoM se ghaTa kI AsthA kI gahana parIkSA kI jAtI hai / AsthA ke dRr3ha hone se ghaTa DigatA nhiiN| phalata: prakRti kI kucha zaktiyA~ bAdhaka banatI haiM to kucha sahAyaka bhI bana jAtI haiN| isa taraha usakI parIkSA hotI hai| zilpI isa parIkSA sAgara ke santaraNa se prasanna hokara puna: samIpa A jAtA hai aura use chAyA detA hai| ye sabhI vighna parISaha aura upasarga ke aprastuta vidhAna haiN| tapasyA kI parAkASThA , jisase mA~ dharatI kA bhI dila dahala uThatA hai, caturtha khaNDa meM AtI hai| niyama-saMyama ke sammukha yama bhI ghuTane Teka detA hai / nabhazcara aura surAsura bhI hAra jAte haiM / tapana se pratapta ghaTa aura paripakva ho gayA hai, para abhI vikAra aura zeSa haiN| avA kI Aga usake kASThApanna tapa kA pratIka hai jo sAre vikAroM ko sukhA DAlatA hai| kaSAya ni:zeSa ho jAtA hai| yaha tapa hI vikAra dAha meM kAraNa hai / kAraNa ko avyavahita pUrva, pratibandhakarahita aura sAmagraya sampanna honA cAhie, tabhI kArya hotA hai / tapasyA ina sabhI aprastutoM se samagra hotI hai / aba vaha pUrNa pakva hai| usameM aba (jaladhAraNa kI) pAtratA sahI arthoM meM AtI hai| sadguru ke caraNoM meM samarpaNa kA pUrNa bhAva A jAtA hai| svabhAva' meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai aura taba usameM vaha ananta bala A jAtA hai jaba apane upAsaka ko bhI apane se jor3a kara bhavasaritA pAra karA detA hai / kahA jA sakatA hai : 0 "tairate-tairate pA liyA ho/apAra bhava-sAgara kA pAra!" (pR. 298)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlv "yU~ ! kumbha ne bhAvanA bhAyI / so, 'bhAvanA bhava - nAzinI' !" (pR. 302 ) yahIM pratipAdya ke samApta hone se grantha ko samApta ho jAnA cAhie, Age kyoM? maiM samajhatA hU~ ki paripUrNatA ke cAra caraNa haiM- adhIti, bodha, AcaraNa aura prcaarnn| Age kI kathA pracAraNa- loka kalyANa hai / sambhava hai isalie kathA Age bar3hAI gaI hai / adhyAtma kI yaha yAtrA vRttAkAra hai / jahA~ se prasthAna huA thA, vahIM vaha pahu~catA hai, para pariveza yA bhAva vaha nahIM hai / pahale vaha baddhAvasthA meM thA, aba muktAvasthA meM hai| aba kaSAya ke na hone se bhoga bandha kA nimitta nahIM bana rahA hai / aba vaha mithyAdRSTi nahIM, samyagdRSTi hai / samyagdRSTi kA bhoga naI vAsanA paidA nahIM karatA / viparIta isake vaha pUrva karma ko zAnta karatA hai aura nUtana paidA nahIM hone detA / matalaba yaha ki samyagdRSTi kA karmabhoga nirjarA hI nahIM, saMvara kA bhI kAraNa banatA hai / yaha sAdhaka kI karmabhoga se karmayoga taka kI vRttAtmaka yAtrA hai, para pahalA bhoga mithyAdRSTi kA thA aura dUsarA karmabhoga samyagdRSTi kA hai| bAlaTI kI machalI kI yAtrA bhI to aisI hI vRttAkAra yAtrA hai| kUpa se bAlaTI dvArA bAhara Akara puna: usI bAlaTI se usI kUpa jala taka / antara yahI hai na ki pUrva bhAvanA aura paravartI bhAvanA meM antara hai / kathAvastu ke do bheda - AdhikArika aura prAsaMgika samprati, kathAvastu kI anya mahAkAvyocita vizeSatAoM kI ora bhI dRSTipAta karanA hai / AdhikArika kathA kA saMkSepa Upara diyA jA cukA hai / samprati, prAsaMgika kathAoM kI samIkSA prasaMga prApta hai / prAsaMgika kathAoM meM 'patAkA' kA lakSaNa cauthe khaNDa meM seTha - prasaMga para ghaTita hotA hai aura puMkhAnupuMkha rUpa se ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ko 'prakarI' ke antargata hI liyA jA sakatA hai, jaise ki prathama khaNDa machalI kI kathA hai| 'prAsaMgika kathA' kA lakSaNa 'dazarUpaka' kAra dhanaMjaya dvArA isa prakAra diyA gayA hai : "prAsaGgikaM parArthasya svArtho yasya prasaGgagataH / " ( 1/13, pR.4 ) prAsaMgika kathA vaha hotI hai jo pravAha meM AI ho mukhya prayojana kI siddhi ke lie, parantu prasaMgata: usakA prayojana sampanna ho gayA ho / Alocya grantha meM AdhikArika kathA ghaTa kI hai| usI prasaMga se machalI kA bhI prasaMga A gayA hai aura mukti rUpa apanA prayojana bhI siddha ho gayA hai / seTha kI kathA lambI calatI hai, ataH use patAkA kathA kahA jA sakatA hai / 'dazarUpaka' kAra ne kahA hai : " sAnubandhaM patAkAkhyaM prakarI ca pradezabhAk // " (1/13, pR.4) cauthe khaNDa meM avA se bAhara kumbha ke Ate hI seTha ko svapna AtA hai ki usane apane hI prAMgaNa meM hAthoM meM mATI kA kumbha lie mahAsanta kA svAgata kiyA hai| svapna ko dhanyavAda detA huA seTha sevaka ko kumbhakAra ke pAsa kumbha lAne ke lie bheja detA hai / isa prakAra AdhikArika kathA se prasaMgata: seTha jur3a jAtA hai aura isa khaNDa ke anta taka donoM kathAe~ sAthasAtha calatI haiN| seTha se kumbha ko aura kumbha se seTha ko sArthakatA prApta hotI hai| kumbha kA mUla prayojana seTha se sadhatA hai| ata: usakI sthiti spaSTataH hI 'parArtha' hai, para sAtha hI prasaMgataH usakA svArtha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai / kumbha use bhI apane sAtha bhava saritA kA santaraNa karA detA hai| eka mukta dUsare ko bhI mukta karA detA hai| 'mAnasa' kI AdhikArika rAma kathA meM jo sthAna patAkA nAyaka sugrIva kA hai, vahI yahA~ seTha kA hai / Alocya kRti meM prAsaMgika kathAe~ prathama khaNDa meM 'machalI prasaMga' aura tRtIya khaNDa meM 'muktAvRSTi prasaMga' svalpadezavyApinI ghaTanAe~ haiM / phalataH
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________________ xlvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA inheM prakarI ke antargata liyA jA sakatA hai / yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai ki ye donoM prasaMga prasaMgata: prApta to haiM, para inase AdhikArika kathA kA kyA upakAra huA hai ? prAsaMgika kathAoM meM tIna zartoM kA nirvAha honA cAhie- prasaMgata: sahaja vikAsa, dUsare 'parArtha' aura tIsare 'svArthasiddhi' / yahA~ prasaMgata: donoM ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI haiN| pahalI zarta spaSTa hai| jahA~ taka 'parArthatA' arthAt nAyaka ghaTa ke prayojana siddhi meM sahakAra kA sambandha hai, 'machalI prasaMga' kI ghaTanA para utanA lAgU nahIM hotA / eka to kUpa meM machaliyoM kA jhuNDa kadAcit hI kahIM hotA ho, dUsare apavAda svarUpa kahIM ho bhI to isa machalI prasaMga kA ghaTa nAyaka kI AdhikArika kathA se koI sIdhA upakAraka sambandha nahIM judd'taa| eka to taba taka upAdAna mATI kA vaha paryAya hI sva-sattA-AsAdana nahIM kara sakatA hai, prakriyA avazya cala rahI hai / machalI kA apanA paramArtha avazya siddha ho jAtA hai / kalpanA kI jAya ki yadi yaha prasaMga na bhI hotA to ghaTa nAyaka kA mUla yA avAntara prayojana kahA~ vighaTita hotA athavA usase kyA sahakAra milatA? aisI kathA jisakA AdhikArika kathA para kisI bhI prakAra kA prabhAva nahIM hotA, asambaddha hI mAnI jAyagI / anvaya-vyatireka se bhI usakI hetutA siddha nahIM hotI / prabandha meM ya asambaddhatA khaTakatI hai / lagatA hai ki eka saiddhAntika mAnyatA kA upasthApana karane ke lobha meM yaha prasaMga thigalI kI taraha AdhikArika kathA meM Upara se thopa diyA gayA hai / mATI se jo ghaTa paryAya rUpa meM ubharatA hai usameM jala to nimitta hai, para machalI kA yogadAna kyA hai ? isa prakAra machalI na to ghaTa ke ubharane meM aura na hI usake dvArA sampAdya mukhya-gauNa prayojanoM meM apanA koI yogadAna karatI hai / dUsarA prasaMga hai - muktAvRSTi kA / tRtIya khaNDa kI yaha prAsaMgika kathA taponiSTha kumbha kA parIkSA prasaMga hai / jar3adhI jaladhi kumbhakAra kI anupasthiti meM kumbha kA astitva miTAne ke lie badaliyoM ko bhejatA hai, para prabhAkara apane pravacana se unakA hRdaya parivartana kara detA hai / ve pati ke pratikUla vacana kA tiraskAra kara jagatpati prabhAkara kI bAta mAna letI haiM aura use naSTa karane kI jagaha usa para-pakSa kI muktA varSA se pUjA karatI huI lauTa jAtI haiN| bAta phailate-phailate rAjaparivAra taka jAtI hai / maNDalI anupasthita kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM vRSTa muktArAzi ko balAt lUTatI hai / maNiyA~ jaharIlA prabhAva paidA karatI haiM aura avasara dekhakara kumbha vyaMgya karatA hai| upasthita kumbhakAra-karuNAlaya kumbhakAra paristhiti ko sUMgha kara samajha letA hai aura tatkAla eka tarapha kumbha ko usake bar3abolepana para phaTakAratA hai tathA dUsarI ora prajApati ko sammAna detA hai, sAtha hI boriyoM meM muktA bhara kara usake khajAne ko samRddha kara detA hai / yahA~ jala upAdAna hai, para usake muktA rUpa meM paryAya banane kA nimitta kyA hai ? nimitta hai pathivI kakSa meM usakA aanaa| yaha camatkArI ghaTanA hai. kambhakAra kI divya mahimA hai| isa cha ghaTanA se AdhikArika kathA kA yadyapi utanA ghaniSTha sambandha to nahIM, para machalI-prasaMga kI tulanA meM to hai hii| kumbhakAra kumbha ko usake bar3abolepana kA ehasAsa karAkara use maryAdA meM lAtA hai aura sAtha hI apanI udAratA se usameM apane prati sadbhAva bhI paidA karatA hai| ye sabhI bAteM sAkSAt-asAkSAt AdhikArika kathA aura mukhya prayojana se jur3a jAtI haiN| lekina isameM muktA apanA kauna sA svArtha yA paramArtha siddha karatA hai ? prAsaMgika kathA kI yaha bhI to eka zarta hai / prAsaMgika jaba AdhikArika se jur3atA hai to isa jor3a meM donoM kA svArtha sAdhana hotA hai / muktA prasaMga jaise-taise parArthasiddhi se to jur3atA hai para Atmasiddhi kyA hai ? hA~, muktA meM kahIM mukti kI AlaMkArika gandha mAna lI jAya, to bAta dUsarI hai athavA prajApati kA bhANDAra samRddha karane meM hI usakI sArthakatA hai| kathAvastu meM paMcasandhiyA~ kathAvastu meM agalI bAta jo dekhane kI hotI hai vaha hai usakA paMcasandhi samanvita honA / sandhiyA~ pA~ca haiMmukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza yA avamarza aura nirvahaNa / pratyeka sandhi yA khaNDa meM eka avasthA' aura eka 'artha prakRti' hotI hai| avasthAe~ bhI pA~ca haiM aura artha prakRtiyA~ bhI pA~ca / Arambha, yatna, prAptyAzA, niyatApti aura phalAgama - ye
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlvii pA~ca avasthAe~ haiM / bIja, bindu, patAkA, prakarI aura kArya - ye pA~ca artha prakRtiyA~ haiM / avasthA aura artha prakRtiyoM kA saMcAra karane se pUrva pahale yaha dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki kathAvastu ke ye jor3a santulita haiM yA nahIM ? vaise isa sandarbha meM yaha bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai ki kathAvastu kA jitanA custa-durusta vidhAna dRzyakAvya meM hotA hai utanA zravya ke bheda mahAkAvya meM nahIM hotA / usakI kathAvastu kI yojanA apekSAkRta zithila hotI hai / ata: Alocya kRti meM bhI sandhi yojanA zithila hai | kathAvastu meM usake vikAsa kI santulita avasthAe~ honI caahie| hotA yaha hai ki kathAvastu to ghaTanAoM aura vyApAroM kI zRMkhalA hai, jo nAyaka dvArA sampAdya hotI hai / ina vyApAroM kA eka lakSya hotA hai, vaha caturvarga meM se anyatama yA ekAdhika hotA hai / prastuta kRti meM spaSTa hI 'sva-bhAva' meM sthiti yA mokSalAbha jaisA cauthA puruSArtha hI parama prayojana hai / 'mATI' granthArambha meM hI saMkalpa letI hai aura mA~ dharatI se prArthanA karatI hai : aura anta meM : " isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / isa kAyA kI afa ha hogI ? /batA do, mA~ * ise !" (pR. 5) " sRjanazIla jIvana kA / vargAtIta apavarga huA / " (pR. 483 ) saMkalpa usakI pAryantika pariNati ke madhya sArA vyApAra calatA hai / isa vyApAra meM 'Arambha' avasthA AtI hai| yahA~ mAtra sukya hotA hai / autsukya hai - kAlAkSamatva / prayojana kI prApti ke prati tvarA kA bhAva / 'kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI', I dvArA hI kAlika vyavadhAna kI asahiSNutA vyakta hotI hai| 'dazarUpaka'kAra kahatA hai : "autsukyamAtramArambhaH phalalAbhAya bhUyase || " (1 /20) tadanantara phalAbhAva nAyaka ko atitvarApUrvaka vyApArazIla, prayatnazIla banA detA hai / 'mATI' kA paryAya ghaTa zilpI kI kRpA se sattAsAdana meM juTa jAtA hai aura tIsare kyA cauthe khaNDa ke Arambha taka use pUrNa rUpa se jaladhAraNa rUpa arhatA kI prApti ke lAyaka banane meM calA jAtA hai| Upara se lagatA hai ki nAyaka apane paripakva aura pariNata rUpa meM cauthe khaNDa meM AtA hai, jo samApana khaNDa hai| matalaba prayatnAvasthA hI yahA~ taka AtI hai, para anyApadezI paddhati para dRSTipAta kareM to spaSTa hotA hai ki jIva dvArA tapa:sAdhanA pUrvaka banane kI prakriyA kA zubhArambha pahale hI khaNDa se Arambha ho jAtA hai, prayatna kA vinyAsa vahIM ho jAtA hai / dUsare khaNDa se 'prayatna' ke sAtha, upAya ke sAtha apAyoM kA bhI AnA Arambha ha jAtA hai / apAya kA vega uttarottara bar3hatA hI jAtA hai| jala aura anala ke hRdayavedhI A~dhI-tUphAna, jo upasarga aura parISahoM ke pratIka haiM, apanI kASThApanna sthiti meM Ate haiM aura sAdhaka kA pratIka kumbha usameM dRr3hatApUrvaka aTala hai aura pariNata tathA paripakva ho jAtA hai| lagatA hai ki aba galA - taba galA, kintu puruSArthI ko kisI na kisI kA avalamba mila jAtA hai / apAyoM kI A~dhI meM bIja 'garbhastha' ho - hokara 'vimarza' karatA huA saMkalpita ke 'nirvahaNa' ke taTa para A lagatA hai / upAya aura apAya kA yaha lambA saMgharSa prAyaH anta taka calatA rahatA hai aura 'vimarza' tathA 'nirvahaNa' ke lie AnupAtika dRSTi se jo AyAma milanA cAhie, vaha nahIM mila pAtA / ise asantulana kaheM athavA zAnta paryavasAyI AdhyAtmika yAtrA kI gurutA kaheM, jahA~ upeyadazA kI apekSA upAyoM kA hI varNana hotA hai| saMvAda yojanA yadyapi Upara die gae mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM spaSTa rUpa se 'saMvAda' jaise ghaTaka kA ullekha nahIM hai, tathApi yahA~ isa zIrSaka se vicAra karane ke pIche do kAraNa haiM - eka to yaha ki prastuta kRti saMvAda - pracura hai aura dUsare yaha
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________________ xlviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ki mahAkAvya meM saMvAda hote hI haiM / kAraNa, ina saMvAdoM se do prayojana siddha hote haiM - pahalA yaha ki usase kathA kA vikAsa hotA hai aura dUsarA yaha ki usase vaktA yA pAtra kA caritragata vaiziSTya udghATita hotA hai / kumbhakAra aura vItarAga sAdhu ko chor3akara anya pAtra yA to mAnavIkRta haiM athavA mAnava ke pratIka haiN| sAmAnyataH 'saMvAda' dRzyakAvya kI vizeSatA mAne jAte haiM, para zravyakAvya meM bhI inakA astitva hotA hai / antara yaha hotA hai ki dRzyakAvya meM pAtra - nAmanirdeza alaga rahatA hai aura saMvAda alg| zravyakAvya meM chandobaddha kAvya pravAha ke bhItara hI pAtra nAma kA anupraveza rahatA hai / dUsarA antara yaha hotA hai ki dRzyakAvya jisa sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA rUpAntara hotA hai 'raMga-cetanA' usakA avibhAjya aMga hotI hai| zravyakAvya jisa sarjanAtmaka anubhUti kA rUpAntara hotA hai usameM raMga- cetanA nahIM hotI / yahA~ hama zravyakAvya ke antargata 'saMvAda yojanA' para vicAra kara rahe haiN| Alocya kAvya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM ghaTanA vyApAra jitanA hai usase kahIM adhika saMvAda yojanA hai aura usakA kAraNa 'mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana' kI cetanA hai / siddhAnta ghaTanAoM aura vyApAroM kI taha meM rahakara vyaMjita hote to vaha paddhati adhika kAvyocita hotI, apekSAkRta do pAtroM ke bIca abhidhA starIya kathopakathana ke / para zAstrakAvya meM to yaha vaiziSTya hogA / racayitA kA prAtibha saMrambha bAra-bAra isa udghATana kI ora AtA jAyagA / saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA saMvAdoM kI viziSTatA aura upayogitA ke nikaSa svarUpa nimnalikhita binduoM ko dRSTigata kiyA jAnA uci hai : 1. vaha kathA dhArA ke vikAsa meM kahA~ taka sahAyaka hai ? 2. vaha apane sampreSya bhAva aura vicAra meM kitanA saTIka aura sakSama hai ? 3. usase vaktA ke caritra kA vaiziSTya kaisA ubharatA hai ? 4. saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ke udghATana meM kitanI dUra taka khIMcA gayA hai ? isa pravRtti se kAvyatva bAdhita aura thAdhArA vyavahita to nahIM hotI ? Alocya kRti meM seTha viSayaka patAkA kathA se pUrva kathAvastu bahuta svalpa hai aura usakI gati kAphI dhImI hai| ina sAr3he tIna khaNDoM meM mATI se kaMkara ko alaga karanA, jala kA chAnA jAnA, jala aura miTTI kA milAva, rauMda kara loMdA banAnA aura cakra para car3hA kara kumbhAkAra pariNAma paidA karanA, tapana ke tApa se jalIya aMza kA sukhAnA, phira bhI avaziSTa mala aura doSoM kA agni dvArA dAhana aura taba usakI paripakva pariNati - itanI hI kathAvastu yA AdhikArika kathAvastu hai / avaziSTa bhAga meM kathA kI gati tejI pakar3atI hai| ekAlApa, saMvAda aura lekhanI ke svara z2yAdA mukhara haiN| yaha sahI hai ki sapATa ghaTanA- vyApAra ke pracura upasthApana meM jitanI zakti lagatI hai usase kahIM adhika udbhAvana kSamatA aura urvara kalpanA kI apekSA inameM hai / jahA~ kucha nahIM hai vahA~ bhI apekSA se z2yAdA nikAla liyA gayA hai| saMvAdoM kI saMkhyA sau taka pahu~ca gaI hai aura aba taka ke kAvya meM jisa taraha ke vaktA - zrotA kabhI nahIM A pAe, vaise vaktA - zrotAoM kI bAr3ha hai / vaktA zrotA kA tA~tA kama par3atA dekha lekhanI svayaM bolane lagatI hai| isase kAvyatva bAdhita ho na ho, kathAdhArA avazya vyavahita ho jAtI hai| udAharaNArtha, dvitIya khaNDa meM pR. 113 meM Arabdha rauMdana kriyA tIsa pRSThoM taka prasaMgAntara se vyavahita hokara puna: pR. 160 meM yAda AtI hai| vaise aisA nahIM hai ki saMvAda kathAdhArA ke vikAsa meM yoga na dete hoM, dete haiM; avazya dete haiN| Alocya kRti kI kathA kA zubhArambha hI, Arambhika varNana chor3a deM to, saMvAda se hI hotA hai - saritA-taTa kI mATI aura mAtA dharatI ke saMvAda se| donoM ke bIca saMvAda kA krama calatA rahatA hai aura yaha calatA hai kAphI dUra taka / kahA~ taka kahA jAya, ye sAre khaNDa saMvAdoM se bhare par3e haiN|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: xlix bhAva aura vicAra ke sakSama saMvAhaka saMvAda saMvAdoM meM kahIM bhAvodgAra haiM, kahIM vaicArika abhivyakti hai aura kahIM ghaTanA - sUtra kA saMketa / saritA taTa kI mATI kA Arambhika udgAra kitanI karuNA lie hue hai? kitanI dayanIyatA hai usameM ki mAtA kA hRdaya pasIja jAtA hai| aura vaha usI stara se udbodhana detI hai| mATI mu~ha nahIM kholatI, hRdaya kholatI hai, isIlie usakA marmabhedI prabhAva par3atA hai / yaha bahirAtmA kA nahIM, antarAtmA kA udgAra hai| kisI bhI sthiti kA jitanI hI gaharAI se ehasAsa hotA hai| kavitA utanI hI prabhAvakArI aura balavatI hotI hai| mATI ko vaibhAvika bandhajanya vedanA kA jisa gaharAI se ehasAsa hai, usake varNa-varNa aura unase ghaTita pada tathA vAkya bolate haiM / prAyaH kahA jAtA hai ki bhAva kI vyaMjaka sAmagrI kA niyojana honA cAhie, na ki usake vAcaka zabda kA / isase to 'svazabda- vAcyatva' doSa A jAtA hai - dekheM : ... " yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye ! / kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM / kitanI aura Age kaba taka''"patA nahIM/ inakA chora hai yA nahIM !" (pR. 4) parantu jaba vedanA anta - iyattAhIna ho taba anubhavitA bahuta lambA vyaMjaka vaktavya nahIM de sakatA, anyathA kAlidAsa kA kaNva zakuntalA kI bhAvI vidAI kA gaharAI se ehasAsa karatA hue abhivyakti ke zikhara para 'vaiklavyaM mama tAvadIdRzamidaM snehAdaraNyaukasaH' kahakara mauna kA patha na pakar3atA / paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne 'zoka' kA lakSaNa dete hue kahA hai- "putrAdiviyogamaraNAdijanmA vaiklavyAkhyAzcittavRttivizeSa: zokaH " - arthAt vaiklavya nAmaka cittavRtti hI zoka hai / iSTa ke nAza, iSTa kI aprApti aura aniSTa kI prApti se karuNa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, vyaMjanA hotI hai / paNDitarAja kahate haiM ki putra prabhRti iSTajanoM ke viyoga athavA maraNa Adi se utpanna hone vAlI vyAkulatA hI zoka hai| mATI bhI iSTa prApti tathA aniSTa kI prApti se vikalatA kA gaharAI se anubhava karatI hai, ata: use zokasaMvigna kahA jA rahA hai / usameM zoka hI nahIM hai, nirveda bhI hai| nirveda 'nityAnityavastuvicArajanmA' viSaya- vairAgya kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / usakI vedanA kI taha meM vairAgya bhI mukhara hai / niSkarSa yaha ki jaba vaktA kA antas bhAvoM kI niravadhi paramparA se bhara uThatA hai taba kAlidAsa kI taraha usI bhAva ko svazabda vAcya karake hI rAhata pAtA hai, kahA~ taka usakA vyaMjana kareM ? mATI vyavahAra ke prati supta hai aura AtmA ke viSaya meM jAgarUka hai / zrImad devanandI - pUjyapAda svAmI ne 'samAdhitantra' meM ThIka hI kahA hai : " vyavahAre suSupto yaH sa jAgartyAtmagocare / jAgarti vyavahAre'smin suSuptazcAtmagocare" // 78 // isa prakAra vibhinna mAnasa bhAvoM kI saMvAdoM dvArA sazakta vyaMjanA kI gaI hai| santa ke saMsarga meM Akara AtaMkavAdI hRdaya taka badala jAtA hai aura kahatA hai : " samagra saMsAra hI / du:kha se bharapUra hai, / yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika aura vaha bhI kSaNika !" (pR. 485) isameM bhI nityAnityavivekajanmA vairAgya kA bhAva mukhara hai| saMvAdoM meM bhAvajagat bhI laharAtA hai aura viveka tathA tatprasUta mAnyatAe~ to mukhara huI hI haiM / santa sadguru apanI prakRti aura sambodhya mumukSu ko dRSTigata kara nirNIta mAnyatA vyakta karate haiM :
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________________ 1:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki/bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) zAnta rasa meM nimagna santa ke isa taraha ke saMvAda mAnyatAoM se AmUla-cUla bikhare par3e haiN| kahIM se bhI uThAkara dekhA jA sakatA hai| saMvAdoM dvArA caritragata vaiziSTya kA udghATana ___agalI bAta jo saMvAdoM ke viSaya meM draSTavya hai vaha yaha ki ina saMvAdoM se vaktA pAtra kI caritragata viziSTatAe~ kisa sImA taka mukhara haiM ? isameM sAgara, svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAda ke khalanAyaka bhI bolate haiM aura dharatI, sadguru zilpI tathA vItarAga sAdhu bhI bolate haiM, kavi kI lekhanI bhI bolatI hai / eka zabda meM kahU~ to kyA nahIM bolatA hai-sunane aura grahaNa karane kI zaktiyA~ jAgarUka hoM to sabhI kucha na kucha kahate haiN| bahirAtmA ko apane anukUla aura antarAtmA ko apane anukUla vizvavINA se nirgata dhvani zrutigocara hotI hai / apanI-apanI prakRtigata vizeSatA ke kAraNa jaisA sunate aura grahaNa karate haiM vaisA hI bolate bhI haiM / sAgara, svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAda ke saMvAdoM meM unakI raudravRtti, nirmamatA, atyAcAra parAyaNatA, ni:sIma krUratA-sabhI viziSTatAe~ ubhara AtI haiN| kahIM se bhI inake uddharaNa lie jA sakate haiN| viparIta isake mumukSu ghaTa aura parigrahamukta sadguru ke bhI ahiMsAparaka zAntidAyaka vacana sunane ko milate haiN| kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM bAdala se gire muktA ko lobhavaza baTorane vAle rAjA aura rAjamaNDalI ko mumukSu ghaTa kA vyaMgyapUrNa vacana aura anudvejaka tathA maryAdocita zilpI ke vacana-donoM kI prakRtigata vizeSatAoM ko vyaMjita karate haiM / eka banane kI prakriyA meM hai, ata: anyAya kA pratikAra vyaMgya vacana se karatA hai jabaki dUsarA apanI parama zAnta vRtti ke choTe DAla kara donoM ko patha dikhAtA hai| udAharaNoM se nibandha kA kalevara tundila ho jAyagA, ata: virata rahanA hI ucita hai| jijJAsu pAThaka mUla meM hI una paMktiyoM ko dekheM / saMvAda bhIge bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA hai, zAstrasammata mAnyatAoM ke prakAzaka to haiM hI / saMvAda hI nahIM prabhAkara ke lambe-lambe 'pravacana' bhI haiN| varNanatattva mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM agalA tattva varNana' hai| 'varNana' aura 'saMvAda' mahAkAvya meM vyApta bhAvadhArA yA saMvedanA ko ubhArane meM sahAyaka hote haiM / isameM kevala saMvAda, ekAlApa, svagata aura pravacana hI nahIM haiM, jinase mAtra saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ rakhI gaI hoN| aisA taba hotA jaba vaha kevala zAstra' likhate / racayitA ko isa bAta yA saMkalpa kA dhyAna hai ki vaha kAvya yA prabandha kAvya de rahA hai, phalata: vicAra kI A~ca meM paripakva bhAvanA, santulita kalpanA aura viveka paricAlita varNanatattva kA bhI usane dhyAna rakhA hai aura acchA rakhA hai| varNanAe~ ___ kRti ke cAroM khaNDoM meM ramaNIya varNanAe~ haiM / prakRti varNana meM prAtaH, sAyaM, rAtri kA, zizira, vasanta, grISma kA, sAgara, prabhAkara, sudhAkara kA, dharatI, nArI, sAdhaka aura santa kA, tapa:prakriyA aura svapna kA, pAtra (seTha) mudrA aura mATI kA to manohara, cittAvarjaka tathA lalita varNana hai hI, sat aura asat ke pakSadhara aura vipakSiyoM kA lomaharSaka tathA bhayAvaha saMgharSa bhI varNita hai / niSkarSa yaha ki ye varNana kAvya ko bhAvoddIpana kI pIThikA pradAna karate haiM jisase kAvya kI mUlabhUta upAdAna saMvedanA rUpAntarita hotI hai / eka racayitA ko yaha yAda dilAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki kAvya saMvedanA kA rUpAntaraNa hotA hai / varNana bhI sapATa varNana nahIM hai, bhAvanA aura kalpanA kI raMgInI lie hue indradhanuSI hai / racayitA jisakA jaisA bhAvadIpta rUpa prastuta karanA cAhatA hai, vaisA varNana karatA hai-mRdu aura komala bhI, bhayAvaha aura karkaza bhI, cittAkarSaka aura ramaNIya bhI aura kSobhakara aura udvejaka bhI, sAtha hI Alambana cetana kA bhI aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: li uddIpana acetana kA bhI / jIvana aura saMsAra ke kalAtmaka udrekhaNa meM donoM kA hI prasaMga AtA hai / prAta: kAla aura saritA varNana granthArambha meM prAta: kAla aura saritA ke hI varNana ko leN| bhAvanA aura kalpanA kI raMgInI kAvyocita AkarSaNa paidA karatI hai / racayitA kalAkAra bhI hai aura santa bhI hai| use isa bAta kA dhyAna hai ki sAMsArika udvega, vyathA, vedanA aura vairAgya kI mATIgata bhAvanA ke uddIpaka rUpa meM prakRti sahAyikA hokara pIThikA prastuta kre| Upara-nIce caturdik nIravatA chAI huI hai, aise meM sAdhaka kA mana zAnta rahatA hai / mAyA kA brAhma prahara hai / uSA apanI taruNimA meM hai / bhAnu aura prAcIkA dRzya bimbavidhAna anubhavaikagamya hai / yaha kathana samAsokti ke AlaMkArika AvaraNa meM hai / prastuta tandrila bhAnu kI aruNima pariveza meM udayonmukhatA hai aura aprastuta mA~ kI mArdava-nirbhara goda meM lAla cAdara or3he jAgaraNonmukha tandrila zizu kI aNgdd'aaii| isI prakAra prastuta hai aruNima prAcI para aprastuta hai sindUra - nirbhara - sImanta vAlI gadarAI siMdUrI AbhA kI khule mAtha vAlI taruNI / ina aprastuta yojanAoM se lipaTI prakRti kitanI manorama hai ! udhara nimIlanonmukha kumudinI aura sAmane AtA prabhAkara aura aprastuta rUpa meM usa bimba kI kalpanA kareM jahA~ nirlajja parapuruSa ke kara sparza ke bhaya se apane meM simaTatI kulInA strI paridRzya se ojhala hote hue pati ke prati ubharI huI sarAga - mudrA aura aMga para chiTake rAjasa parAga ko Dha~ka rahI ho / kamalinI bhI ardhonmIlita hai, jahA~ aprastuta yaha ki vaha kumudinI parapuruSa kI darzanIyA prabhA ko bhI nahIM dekhanA cAhatI / isa para arthAntaranyAsa yaha ki IrSyA para kauna vijayI bana sakA hai, vaha bhI jIva ke strI paryAya meM ? yaha to anahonI hai / yahA~ tila - tuNDalavat donoM alaMkaroM kI 'saMsRSTi' hai, na ki sandeha saMkara, aMgAMgibhAva saMkara athavA ekavyaMjakAnupraveza saMkara / rAtri kA yaha AlaMkArika libAsa kitanA manohara hai / yaha sandhi belA hai ! tArApati candra kA anugamana tArikAe~ kara rahI haiM, unheM zaMkA hai ki parapuruSa divAkara kahIM dekha na le / prAta:kAlIna malayAnila macala uThA hai, gandhavaha gandha bikhera rahA hai / AtmacetA mATI kucha rahasya, kucha ekAnta vyathA apanI mA~ se kahanA cAhatI hai aura pariveza use anukUla laga rahA hai : " para kI nAsA taka / isa gopanIya vArtA kI gandha / jA nahIM sakatI !" (pR.3) bagala meM saritA pravAhita hai, para vaha apanI dhuna meM gunagunAtI apane pati sAgara kI ora gatizIla hai| isa samaya na nizAkara haina nizA, na divAkara hai na divA aura dizAe~ bhI andhI haiM / rahasyavArtA aura ekAnta vyathA ke nivedana ke nimitta isase adhika upayukta pariveza kyA ho sakatA hai ? aprastuta meM prAcI kI zRMgArika mudrA kA aise meM bhAnA thor3A avazya khaTaka hai, para racanAkAra racanAkAra bhI hotA hai, santa to hai hI / prakRti aura saritA kA punaH varNana mATI kI uddiSTa mahAyAtrA ke Arambhika kSaNa meM kiyA gayA prakRti aura saritA kA varNana kucha aisA hai jaise ve mATI kA svAgata kara rahe hoM / prabhAta apanI bahina rAtri ko mATI ke abhyudaya se prasanna hokara harSAtireka se upahAra ke rUpa meM komala kopaloM kI halakI AbhA ghulI haritAbha kI sAr3I detA hai aura ise pahana kara jAtI huI vaha apane bhAI prabhAta ko sammAnita karatI hai| idhara saritA taTa kI ora AtI una rajatAbha lahariyoM se, jo phUloM kI anagina mAlAoM kA upahAsa kara rahI hoM, mATI kA caraNa cUmatI hai| ha~samukha kalazI meM phena ke vyAja se mAno dadhi lekara saritA taTa khar3A hai| tRNa binduoM ke vyAja se dharatI ke hRdaya meM mATI ke lie mAno karuNA umar3a rahI hai aura usake aMga-aMga apUrva harSanirbhara - pulaka se nAca uThe hoN| cAroM tarapha ullAsa aura prakAza hai, roSa prazAnta hai, doSa kA hrAsa aura guNoM ke koSa kA udaya hai| yAtrA kA sUtrapAta hai na ! isalie prakRti bhI cAroM ora prasanna aura pulakita - sI naz2ara A rahI hai / -
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________________ lii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zilpI svarUpa varNana mATI meM jisa ghaTa kA pariNAma hotA hai, zilpana honA hai, tadartha santa sadguru mUrtimAn zAntarasa AtA dRSTigocara ho rahA hai / racayitA usakA nitAnta santocita rUpa prastuta karatA hai| 'zizupAlavadha' meM mAgha kavi ne jisa prakAra nArada kA varNana kiyA hai ThIka usI rau meM prastuta racayitA bhI zilpI kumbhakAra kA zanaiH-zanai: apanI AkRti meM sphuTa - sphuTatara ubharatA huA samIpa-samIpatara AtA naz2ara A rahA hai| usameM ananya bhAva aura cAva bhare hue haiN| usake vizAla bhAla para, jo bhAgya kA bhaNDAra hai, kabhI tanAva naz2ara nahIM AtA / usameM koI vikalpa nahIM hai, viparIta isake dRr3ha saMkalpa hai / arthahIna jalpanA z2arA bhI nahIM rucatI use / vaha eka kuzala zilpI hai jo mATI meM, mATI ke kaNa-kaNa meM nihita tamAma sambhAvanAoM ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karatA hai| vaha artha kA apavyaya to kyA vyaya bhI nahIM karatA / yaha zilpa zilpI ko artha ke binA arthavAn banA detA hai / isane apanI saMskRti meM kabhI vikRti nahIM Ane dii| isake zilpa meM aba taka koI dAga nahIM lgaa| isakA nAma hai - kumbhakAra, jo nitAnta sArthaka hai, kAraNa, yaha 'kuM' - dharatI kA 'bha' - bhAgya vidhAtA hai / kartavyabuddhi se satkArya ke prati jur3e hue isa zilpI meM ajJAna prasUta kartRtvabodha kA ahaMkAra nahIM hai / vaha zilpa Arambha karatA hai| Age racayitA isa zilpana kA itivRttAtmaka varNana karatA hai / zizira, vasanta aura grISma varNana Alocya kRti ke dvitIya khaNDa meM zizira, vasanta aura grISma ke bhI varNana Ae haiN| prasaMga zilpana kA cala rahA hai jahA~ zizira se Arambha kara grISma taka kA varNana hai / zizira ke pratikUla ThaNDaka kA pariveza zilpI kI nirmANopayogI ekatAnatA ko bhaMga nahIM karatA, na hI zilpI zizira kI ThaNDaka kA pratirodha karatA hai / vastuta: donoM kI prakRti ThaNDI hai, ata: saMvAda hai / zizira aura tapana ke bIca hemanta aura vasanta daba gae haiM - hemanta to bilkula hI, vasanta kA nAma bhara hai| grISma yA tapana kI bhayAvahatA aura bhISaNatA kA 'samucitalalitasannivezanacAru' kAvyabhASA meM prabhAvI varNana rekhAMkanIya hai / eka udAharaNa leM : "kabhI karAla kAlA rAhU / prabhA - puMja bhAnu ko bhI / pUrA nigalatA huA dikhA, kabhI-kabhAra bhAnu bhI vaha / anala ugalatA huA dikhA / / jisa ugalana meM per3a-paudhe parvata-pASANa / pUrA nikhila pAtAla tala taka pighalatA galatA huA dikhaa|" (pR. 182) isa taraha lambA varNana prasaMgocita DhaMga se calatA hai| isa dRzya meM grISma kA pracaNDa rUpa mUrta ho gayA hai| yadi yahA~ kI saMghaTanA sAmAsika tathA varNa saMyukta aura mahAprANa hote to prabhAva aura bar3ha jAtA, ojasvI varNya kI prakRti ke anurUpa hotA / antima do khaNDoM ke varNana prasaMga tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDoM meM varNanoM kI pracuratA hai| vahA~ prasaMgagata sUrya, sAgara aura sudhAkara, badalI, ghana, pavana ke sAtha dharatI aura nArI kI mahimA prasaMgocita rUpa meM varNita hai| isI prakAra caturtha khaNDa meM bhI ghaTa kI tapasyA, atithi kA sAttvika svarUpa tathA seTha kI gamana mudrA kA atyanta jIvanta aura prabhAvI varNana hai / Alocya kRti ke ina antima do khaNDoM meM racayitA kI pratibhA kA saMrambha ghaTa kI tapasyA aura tapoyAtrA kA saMgharSa varNita hai, jahA~ sat aura asat pakSa pratIkoM kA prabhAvI aura tumula yuddha hai / antata: asat pakSa para sat kI vijaya dikhAI gaI hai, asat ke pakSadharoM kA bhI hRdaya parivartita huA hai aura AtaMkavAdI kA hRdaya bhI vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora mur3anA cAhatA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki racayitA varNanoM se kRti meM pratipAdya aMgI zAnta rasa kA prabhAva mUrta karane meM bharapUra sahayoga pradAna karatA hai| isa varNana pAThaka ko yaha zikSA milatI hai ki 'rAmAdivat vartitavyam na rAvaNAdivat' - santa aura siddha ghaTa kI taraha vyavahAra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: liii karanA cAhie na ki asAdhu aura asanta svarNa kalaza aura AtaMkavAdiyoM kI taraha / isa saMgharSa varNana se dUsarI zikSA yaha bhI milatI hai ki niyati ke bAvajUda puruSArthI sAdhaka ke dRr3ha saMkalpa aura pauruSa ko dekhakara divya zaktiyA~ bhI sahAyaka ho jAtI haiM / kahA hI gayA hai: "na Rte zrAntasya sakhyAya devA : " - devatA bhI sahAyatA kA hAtha puruSArthI kI ora bhI bar3hAte haiM jaba ve dekhate haiM ki puruSArthI sAdhaka puruSArtha karate-karate zrAnta ho uThA hai, para apane saMkalpa aura kartavya labhyaprApya para aDiga hai / pAtra - nAyaka aura caritra : pAramparika sA~ce meM dhIrodAtta nAyaka mahAkAvya ke lie pAramparika sA~ce meM agalA tattva jo apekSita hai vaha hai eka yA aneka loka prasiddha, itihAsa prasiddha yA purANa prasiddha dhIrodAtta nAyaka / yaha bAta Arambha meM kahI jA cukI hai ki zAyara - siMha aura sapUta lIka chor3akara calate haiM, para pAramparika virAsata aura sAMskRtika riktha kA nirvAha karate haiM / nAyaka paurANika yA aitihAsika ho yA na ho, mahAsattA aMzI dharatI ke aMza mATI kA vaha paryAya avazya hai, antarAtmA jIva kA pratinidhi (ghaTa) hai | yaha ghaTa ananta sambhAvanAoM aura aparimeya guNoM kA AgAra hai / yaha 'dhIra zAnta' nAyaka hai / dhIrodAtta kI sambhAvanA jaba aMgI zAnta hai taba usakA Azraya zamapradhAna hI hogA, dhIra zAnta hI hogA, na ki kSatriya kulodbhUta prakhyAta vaMza kA dhIrodAtta / yaha taba hotA jaba aMgI vIra yA zRMgAra jaisA rasa hotA / vIra meM laukika vijigISA hotI hai, laukika rAga / athavA dhIra zAnta kI jagaha 'dhIrodAtta' bhI kaheM to kyA Apatti hai ? 'nAgAnanda' nATaka kA nAyaka jImUtavAhana dhIrodAtta hI to hai / yaha sahI hai ki 'audAttya' sarvotkRSTa vRtti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai jo vijigISutA ke calate hI sambhava hai / paramArtha kA sAdhaka santa to zamapradhAna hone se usase udAsIna aura 'nirjigISu' hI pratIta hotA hai / yaha tathya Alocya kRti se spaSTa hai / vaha AtaMkavAdiyoM se saMgharSa nahIM kara rahA hai apitu seTha parivAra ko yahI parAmarza de rahA hai ki ye asat pakSa ke pratinidhi AtaMkavAdI SaDyantra se upadrava karanA cAhate haiM, ata: inake ghere se nikala bhAganA caahie| dekhie : 66 " kumbha ne kahA seTha se ki / " turanta parivAra sahita yahA~ se nikalanA hai,/vilamba ghAtaka ho sakatA hai" / " (pR. 422) asat pakSa ke mUrtimAn vighna kA pratIka svarNa kalaza lalakAratA hai : "eka ko bhI nahIM choDUM, / tumhAre Upara dayA kI varSA sambhava nahIM aba, / pralaya kAla kA darzana / tumheM karanA hai abhI / " (pR. 421 ) uttarapakSa : sapUrvapakSa - dhIrodAtta kA isakA saMketa jhArIne mATI ke kumbha ko diyA aura kumbha ne parivAra ko mauna saMketa diyA / saba bhAga nikle| kyA yaha 'audAttya' hai, vijigISutA hai ? aura nahIM hai to 'ghaTa' nAyaka 'dhIrodAtta' kaise ? yaha to zamapradhAna hone se parama - kAruNika aura vItarAga hai, isalie dhIrazAnta hI pratIta hotA hai / ina sabakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadyapi dAttya sarvotkRSTa hokara rahane kI vRtti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai, aura vaha vijigISutA hai, to vaha bhI nAyaka ghaTa meM vidyamAna hai / vijigISu vaha bhI hai jo zaurya, tyAga, dayA, dAna, upakAra Adi sAttvika guNoM se dUsaroM se Age bar3ha jAtA hai| vijigISu kevala vahI nahIM hai jo parApakAra pUrvaka parakIya arthagrahaNa Adi meM pravRtta hotA hai / audAttya kI isa avadhAraNA se to mArgadUSaka bhI dhIrodAtta ho jAyagA / rAma Adi ko bhI bhUmilAbha yA rAjyalAbha huA hai parantu unakA mukhya lakSya hai - loka
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________________ liv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA - maMgala / isa nimitta vaha rAvaNa jaise duSTa kA nigraha karate haiN| unheM bhUmilAbha yA rAjyalAbha yA patnIlAbha to AnuSaMgika prApti hai| dhIrazAnta kA saiddhAntika pakSa ghaTa jisa santa antarAtmA yA paramAtmA kA aba pratIka bana cukA hai, vaha to apanA saba kucha dA~va para lagA kara samarpaNazIla seTha parivAra kI rakSA arthAt loka maMgala meM parAyaNa hai / isa prakAra to vaha sampUrNa vizva kA hI atikramaNa kara rahA hai| vaha antarAtmA yA paramAtmA bana jAne para viSaya sukha meM parAGmukha hai| samasta du:khoM ke hetubhUta vaiSayika sukha sambandhI samasta prakAra kI tRSNA meM nirabhilASa hai, ata: usane to sabhI ko jIta liyA hai / isase bar3A audAttya kyA hogA ? isa para se bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki Alocya kRti meM zAnta aMgI hai, jisakA sthAyI bhAva 'zama' hai aura 'zama' 'samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' hai / parasaMsargaja vikAroM ke kSaya se AtmabhAva meM pratiSThita ghaTa svabhAva sukha-lAbha kara rahA hai, ata: hara taraha se ise 'zAnta' hI mAnA jAnA cAhie, to isase bhI kSati kyA hai ? vAstava meM mahAkAvya kA dhIrodAtta kama se kama zAntarasa pradhAna kRti meM dhIrazAnta kA bhI upalakSaNa hai| yaha nATya kRti nahIM hai, yaha zravyakAvya hai / yahA~ jaba 'zAnta' rasa kA honA pAramparika sA~ce meM vihita hai taba usake sthAyI bhAva 'zama' kA Azraya 'dhIrazAnta' kA nAyaka honA bhI mauna vidhAna hI hai| niSkarSa yaha ki yahA~ pratIka ghaTa hI nAyaka hai aura vaha dhIra zAnta hI hai / sampUrNa kRti hI isameM sAkSI hai, tarka aura pramANa prastuta karane kI alaga se koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / vaha itanA dRr3ha nizcaya hai ki vighna aura bAdhAoM se AkrAnta seTha parivAra ke usa prastAva ko asvIkAra kara detA hai jisameM nadI santaraNa na kara vApasa ho jAne kI bAta kahI jA rahI hai| usakI zraddhA, vizvAsa, jJAna aura cAritra sabhI milakara mukti kA mArga kholate haiM / vaha saMgharSa parAyaNa, dRr3hAdhyavasAyI, atigambhIra, mahAsattva, avikatthana tathA dRDhavrata hai| kRtikAra ne caturtha khaNDa meM varNita saMgharSa ke daurAna usakI caritragata tamAma vizeSatAoM kA muktakaNTha anAvaraNa kiyA hai / usake dRDhavrata aura anurUpa vyavasAya ko dekhakara vizva kI sabhI anukUla to anukUla, pratikUla zaktiyA~ bhI samarpita ho jAtI haiN| isa para bhI vinayI itanA ki vaha kumbhakAra kI ora, kumbhakAra vItarAga sAdhu kI ora iMgita karate haiM ki isa sArI saphalatA kA zreya unheM hai| unakA abhaya aura varada hasta uThA huA hai| nAyaka-nAyikA kI anyathA kalpanA kucha loga kahate haiM ki yahA~ kumbhakAra meM 'puMstva' aura 'mATI' 'strItva' hai aura garbhastha ghaTa ko bAhara nikAlane kA zreya kambhakAra ko hai, ata: kambhakAra ko nAyaka tathA mATI ko nAyikA mAnA jAnA caahie| yaha pakSa sacintita nahIM hai| eka to ghaTa mATI se pRthak nahIM, usI kA paryAya hai / kRtikAra ko abhISTa bhI yahI hai / dUsare nAyaka vaha hotA hai jo phalabhoktA ho / mokSarUpI caturtha puruSArtha lakSya hai, phala hai| ise taponiSTha ghaTa prApta karatA hai, upasargoM aura parISahoM kA sAmanA use karanA par3atA hai, isalie vahI nAyaka hai / kahA gayA hai : "phalabhoktA tu naaykH|" dUsare vaha svayaM phala bhoktA banakara nahIM raha jAtA, seTha parivAra ko bhI bhava saritA se pAra utAra detA hai / svayaM to adhIti, bodha aura zodha karatA hI hai usakA loka meM, jisakA pratIka seTha parivAra hai, pracAraNa bhI karatA hai / isa prakAra svabhAva sthita ghaTa catuSpAda pratiSThita hai| mAnava kI sambhAvanA jina cAra pAdoM para sthita hokara upalabdhi banatI hai, ve haiM-ve pUrvoktaadhIti, bodha, AcaraNa aura pracAraNa / jaina prasthAna kA Adarza yahI hai| kevalI se tIrthaMkara isI mAne meM uccatara haiM ki eka AtmakalyANa kara cuke haiM aura dUsare AtmakalyANa karate hue lokakalyANa bhI karate haiM / sevAbhAva zuddha bhAvanA hai / niSkarSa yaha ki kRti kA nAyaka AcaraNa sampanna pracAraNarata santa kA pratIka ghaTa hI hai / mArga se hokara maMz2ila taka pahu~cA huA ghaTa hI hai jo mahAmauna meM DUbate hue santa aura mAhaula ko nihAratA huA svayaM pUrNakAma aura AtmavizrAnta hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lv aMgIrasa nirUpaNa arthAt bhAva-yojanA ___ uparyukta vivecana se suspaSTa hai ki Alocya kRti meM aMgIrasa zAnta hai / pAramparika sA~ce ke lakSaNa meM bhI aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM 'zAnta' kA vidhAna hai| isakA sthAyI bhAva samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' zama hai / yaha lakSaNa abhinava gupta kA hai| paNDitarAja kA kahanA hai : "nityAnityavastuvicArajanmA viSayavirAgAkhyo nirvedaH" -tattvajJAnajanya nirveda hI zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai- (nATyazAstra-abhinava bhAratI) arthAt AtmasvarUpa sukha nitya, niratizaya aura svAtmasvarUpa hai jabaki viSaya-Atmetara-sukha anitya, sAtizaya aura para-sApekSa hai / isa prakAra ke dRr3ha vicAra se utpanna viSayavirAga hI nirveda hai aura yaha zAnta kA sthAyIbhAva hai| vitRSNIbhAvarUpa citavRtti vizeSa hI nirveda hai / nirveda saMcArI bhI hai aura sthAyI bhI / pahalA kSaNika hai aura dUsarA sthira - "vAsanArUpANAmamISAM muharmuharabhivyaktireva sthirapadArthatvAt" (rasagaMgAdhara, pra.A.) kSaNika nirveda gRhakalaha Adi se utpanna hotA hai para dUsarA vicAra karate-karate sthira prakRti kA paidA hotA hai| pahalA lakSaNa vidhyAtmaka hai aura dUsarA niSedhAtmaka / pahale meM tRSNAkSayasukhAtmA' mAnA gayA hai, dUsare meM 'vitRSNIbhAva' hI kahA gayA hai| eka vivAda yaha bhI hai ki yadi sthAyI bhAva cittavRtti vizeSarUpa hI hai aura zAnta usI kA puSTarUpa hai to vaha nikhAlisa AtmasvarUpApatti svarUpa nahIM hogA, jaisA ki dhanika ne 'dazarUpaka' kI TIkA meM kahA hai| zruti bhI use neti-neti ke anyApoha rUpa se hI kahatI hai / isa taraha ke zAnta kA AsvAda to mukta puruSa hI mokSAvasthA meM kara sakate haiM, na ki sahRdayamAtra / isalie dUsare logoM kA pakSa hai ki vahA~ taka pahu~cAne vAle upAya kA AsvAda hI zAnta rasa kahA jAya / yaha upAya abhAvAtmaka nahIM hai, rasa sukha svarUpa hai, ata: usakA svarUpa 'sukhAtmA' hI honA cAhie, vidhyAtmaka honA caahie| kAvyAsvAda ke rUpa kA zAnta aura mokSAvasthA ke zAnta meM upAya aura upeya kA antara mAnakara calanA caahie| isa para yaha bhI samasyA uTha khar3I hotI hai ki jaise aura rasoM kA sthAyI bhAva idAnIntana aura tadAnIntana vAsanA ke rUpa meM sahRdayoM ke hRdaya meM pahale se hI vidyamAna (jIvanAnubhava krama meM) rahate haiM, kyA usI prakAra vitRSNIbhAva bhI rahatA hai ? samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA zama bhI rahatA hai ? hA~, sAMsArika viSayoM kI virasatA varNita ho to sahRdaya pAThaka kI cittavRtti banatI hai / astu / prastuta kAvya meM nityAnityavicArajanmA viSayavairAgya ghaTa meM hai| usI se vaha svarUpa-sukha prApti ke lie prayatna Arambha karatA hai aura samasta kAvya meM usakA upAya-tapa-varNita hai, jo mokSadazA meM upeya paryavasAyI hai / pAryantika dazA kI anubhUti mukta ko hogI, AntarAlika dazA kI sahRdaya ko / yahA~ Alambana hai anitya viSayasukha / jaina prasthAna meM jagat anitya nahIM hai, ata: vedAntiyoM kI bhA~ti vaha Alambana nahIM ho sktaa| zAstrazravaNa, tapovana. tApasa darzana Adi uddIpana haiN| viSaya sakha meM aruci, zatra-mitra meM udAsInatA, nizceSTatA, nAsAgradRSTi Adi anubhAva haiM / glAni, kSaya, moha, viSAda, cintA, utsukatA, dInatA aura jar3atA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| 'abhinavabhAratI' kAra kA pakSa hai ki jaba tInoM puruSArthoM ke anurUpa cittavRtti hotI hai taba mahAbhAratAdi meM aMgIrUpa se pratiSThita zAnta ke anurUpa mokSa nAmaka caturtha puruSArthopayogI cittavRtti bhI hotI hai, honI caahie| unakI dRSTi meM 'zama' aura 'vairAgya' meM bheda hai / tattvajJAnajanya nirveda yA pratyeka sthAyI, yA samudita sthAyI zAnta kA sthAyI nahIM hai viparIta isake tattvajJAna, AtmajJAna, AtmasAkSAtkAra ko hI zAntarasa kA sthAyIbhAva mAnA jAnA cAhie / vairAgya aura saMsAra se palAyana Adi usa zAnta rasa ke vibhAva haiN| mokSazAstra kA vicAra Adi usake anubhAva haiN| nirveda, dhRti Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| bhakti aura zraddhA bhI isI ke aMga haiN| abhinava gupta ne zAnta rasa kA virodha karane vAloM ke pakSa meM aneka yuktiyA~ dI haiM aura phira unakA khaNDana kara usakA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA hai| abhinava gupta ne 'locana' aura 'abhinava bhAratI' meM zAnta rasa para jamakara vicAra kiyA hai / vivAda na kevala
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________________ lvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'zAnta' rasa ke (kAvya) nATyagata astitva para hai apitu usake sthAyI bhAva para bhI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki dharma, artha aura kAma kI taraha mokSa bhI eka puruSArtha hai jisakI upalabdhi ke upAyoM para zAstroM meM paryApta carcA hai| jisa prakAra ka Adi tIna puruSArthoM ke anurUpa rati Adi cittavRttiyA~ hotI haiM aura anurUpa poSaka sAmagrI se paripuSTa hokara saMvAdI sahRdaya meM AsvAdya hotI haiM, usI prakAra mokSa prApti ke anurUpa bhI cittavRtti banatI hai| yahI cittavRtti rasyamAna hokara zAnta rasa rUpa meM niSpanna hotI hai| savAla yaha hai ki isa cittavRtti kA svarUpa kyA hai ? cittavRtti kA svarUpa honA isalie Avazyaka hai ki 'bhAva' ( cittavRtti) vahI hotA hai| bhAva hI sAmagrI puSTa hokara rasa banatA hai| aneka prakAra ke pakSa-vipakSa rakhate hue antata: unhoMne mAnA hai ki tattvajJAna hI, jo AtmasvarUpa hai, zamatA hai / sahRdayarasika kI do sthitiyA~ haiM - 'samAdhi' kI aura 'vyutthAna' kI / samAdhi meM hI 'zAnta' kA anubhava rahatA hai, AtmA kA anubhava hotA hai, vyutthAna meM nahIM, parantu samAdhi meM cittavRtti kA nirodha rahatA hai / pAtaMjala yogasUtra ke sAkSya para unakA pakSa hai ki samAdhi se uThakara vyutthAna dazA meM bhI (samAdhi dazA ke anubhava se janita) saMskAra vaza kucha dera taka prazAntavAhitA banI rahatI hai / vyutthAna meM citta kI prazAntavAhI vRtti sambhava hai / yahI zAnta rasa kA anubhava sambhava hai / isa tattvajJAnAtmaka sthAyI ke laukika-alaukika samasta cittavRttiyA~ vyabhicArI haiN| tattvajJAna kA anubhava hI usakA anubhAva hai| IzvarAnugraha prabhRti vibhAva haiM / jaina prasthAna meM Izvara ( IzvarakartRtva kI ) kI sattA nahIM hai, ataH, jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, Atmetara sukha kI anitya bhAvanA hI vibhAva hai| se isI abhinava gupta ne 'locana' meM tRSNAkSayasukharUpa 'zama' ko 'zAnta' kahA hai, taba jaba vaha anurUpa sAmagrI puSTa hotA hai| viSaya mAtra kI abhilASA kI sArvatrika nivRtti hI zama yA nirveda hai| viSaya mAtra se chuTakArA pAne kI icchA (cittavRtti) sAttvika svabhAva ke sahRdayoM meM to hotI hI hai| yaha bhI eka prakAra kI nirvedAtmaka cittavRtti yA manodazA hI hai| jo loga saba prakAra kI cittavRttiyoM ke prazama ko zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva batAte haiM unakA pakSa suvicArita nahIM hai / kAraNa, sthAyI bhAva ko bhAvarUpa hone ke lie cittavRtti rUpa honA Avazyaka hai / cittavRttiyA~ hI bhAva kahI jAtI haiN| kucha loga bharata ke "svaM svaM nimittamAsAdya..." ityAdi ko pramANa mAnate hue usa 'sAmAnya cittavRtti' ko zAnta kA sthAyI bhAva mAnate haiM jisameM kisI prakAra kA avAntara vizeSa utpanna na huA ho| isa pakSa meM sAmAnya hI sahI, kahI to gaI hai - cittavRtti hI / yaha sahI hai ki 'zAnta' rasa kI pAryantika pariNati nizceSTatA meM hai, aura abhinaya ceSTA hai / phalata: anabhineya kaha kara usakA nATya meM niSedha kiyA jAya to yaha bAta sabhI rasoM para lAgU hogI / pAryantika pariNati meM sabhI avarNanIya haiN| pAryantika pariNati se pUrva bhUmi meM ( zAnta rasa kA anubhava karane vAle janaka Adi pAtroM meM) ceSTA kA honA dRSTigata hai / ina logoM meM vikSepa ke na hone se citta kA sadRza pariNAma dekhA gayA hai| yaha sadRza pariNAma hI prazAntavAhI sthiti hai, zAnta kA anubhava hai| isa vyutthAnakAla meM zAnta rasa (ke AsvAdayitA) kI ceSTAe~ dekhI jAtI haiN| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki isa rasa kA anubhava vItarAga ko hI hogA, sarvasAmAnya sahRdaya ko nahIM hogA / isakA khaNDana kevala isalie kara diyA jAya ki yaha rasa sarvasAmAnya ke anubhava meM nahIM AtA / jaba kisI ke anubhava meM AtA hai, taba usakA astitva kaise nakAra diyA jaay| vIra Adi rasoM meM isakA antarbhAva bhI sambhava nahIM hai| kAraNa hai, unameM ahaMkAra kA sadbhAva jabaki zama meM usakA prazama hotA hai| bhaTTatauta praNIta 'kAvyakautukaM' ke vivaraNa meM abhinava isa para aura bhI prakAza DAlA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke cauthe khaNDa ke anta meM samarpita AtaMkavAdI ko bhI Atmasukha rUpa zAnta ke prati sandeha hai / seTha parivAra ke sAtha AtmoddhAra prApta ghaTa ko dekhakara dharatI prasanna hokara kahatI hai : "sRjanazIla jIvana kA / vargAtIta apavarga huA / " (pR. 483)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lvii dharatI kI bhAvanA sunakara kumbha sahita sabane kRtajJatA kI dRSTi se kumbhakAra kI ora dekhA aura nirabhimAna prazAnta kumbhakAra ne kucha hI dUra para pAdapa ke nIce pASANa phalaka para AsIna vItarAga sAdhu kI ora sabakA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyaa| gurudeva ne prasanna mana se abhaya kA hAtha uThAte hue kahA : "zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho|" (pR. 484) yahI zAzvata svabhAva sukha kA lAbha zAnta rasa kA lAbha hai / parantu AtaMkavAdI kahatA hai ki saMsAra ke kSaNika sukha kA to use anubhava hai parantu akSaya sukha' para use vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA hai| yadi vItarAga gurudeva avinazvara sukha pAne ke bAda use unheM bhI dikhA sakeM, apanA anubhava batA sakeM, to vaha bhI usake prati Azvasta ho sake aura anurUpa sAdhanA meM utare / dala kI dhAraNA sunakara santa kahate haiM ki bandhanarUpa tana, mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa nAmaka carama puruSArtha hai / isI kI zuddha dazA meM avinazvara sukha hotA hai| isa para bhI yadi use vizvAsa na ho to AcaraNa karake vizvAsa pUrvaka vaha usa jagaha pahu~ce jahA~ vItarAga sthita hai, tabhI use santa ke vacana para vizvAsa hogA aura vaha avinazvara sukha bhogegaa| tabhI vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI, para mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para / zAnta rasa kI anubhUti vastuta: mukta ko hI hotI hai, vItarAga ko hI hotI hai, samAdhi meM bhI aura vyutthAna meM bhii| ___muktikAmI jIva ke pratIka ghaTa meM viSaya-saMsarga se utpanna vaibhAvika sukha ke prati nirveda hai, vairAgya hai / yahI anitya bhAvanA 'vibhAva' hai / ghaTa kahatA hai, mATI kA paryAya ghaTa : 0 "sukha-muktA hU~/du:kha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) 0 "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) kumbha-muktajIva kA pratIka-meM zAnta kA 'anubhAva' jagaha-jagaha varNita huA hai / gahana sAdhanA aura tapa se usakA kaSAya zAnta ho gayA hai, samasta tRSNA kA kSaya ho cukA hai, zama yA tattvajJAna ho gayA hai evaM sabhI prakAra ke upasarga aura parISahoM ko vaha pAra kara cukA hai| seTha ke yahA~ se bhejA huA sevaka jaba usake muktabhAva yA paripakvAvasthA kI parIkSA karatA hai, taba usameM se 'sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni' kI dhvani sunAI par3atI hai, arthAt usake roma-roma se yaha dhvani nikala rahI hai ki samasta prakAra ke duHkha AtmA ke svabhAva meM nahIM haiN| yaha zAnta rasa aura mukta vItarAga kA anubhava hI to hai| seTha ke samuddhAra kA sArA prayAsa 'zAnta' kA pracAraNa hI to hai, usakA kArya hI hai| ina saba ceSTAoM se usameM zAnta yA mokSa kI pratiSThA pramANita hotI hai| ___rahe vyabhicArI bhAva, so unake viSaya meM bhI dekhanA caahie| isa paryAya kI iti kaba hogI'- isa paMkti meM prayukta 'kaba' pada se 'kAlAkSamatva' rUpa 'autsukya' nAmaka vyabhicArI bhAva kI vyaMjanA hai / Alocya grantha meM sthAnasthAna para aneka saMcAriyoM kI vyaMjanA huI hai / abhISTa kI prApti se utpanna hone vAlI cittavRtti kA nAma harSa' hai / isakI vyaMjanA una paMktiyoM se hai jinameM iSTa zilpI kA apanI tarapha AnA varNita huA hai : "apanI ora hI/bar3hate bar3hate/A rahe vaha zramika-caraNa aura/phUlI nahIM smaatii|" (pR. 25) 'harSa' kI vyaMjanA anekatra hai, vahA~ bhI jahA~ ghaTa aneka parIkSAoM se guz2aratA huA maMz2ila pA letA hai athavA vahA~ bhI jahA~ vaha upAsaka saparivAra seTha ko pAra lagA detA hai / saMskArajanya jJAna 'smRti' hai :
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________________ lviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "chane jala se kumbha ko bhara kara / Age bar3hA ki / vahI purAnA sthAna jahA~ mATI lene AyA hai / zilpI kumbhakAra vaha ! parivAra - sahita kumbha ne / kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana kiyA / " (pR. 481 ) puruSa ko parAbhava mahasUsa ho aura ceharA vivarNa yA adhomukha ho jAya to jo manodazA hotI hai, use 'vrIDA' kahate haiM / kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM megha - muktA kI ora lapakatI maNDalI aura rAjA ko dekha kumbha vyaMgya kasatA hai, para kumbhakAra usake bar3abolepana para pratAr3ita karatA hai / taba kumbha ko apane kie para 'vrIDA' hotI hai : " kumbhakAra ne kumbha kI ora / baMkima dRSTipAta kiyA ! Atma-vedI, para marmabhedI / kAla - madhura, para Aja kaTuka kumbha ke kathana ko virAma mile / ... kisI bhA~ti, / aura rAjA ke prati sadAzaya vyakta ho apanA / isI Azaya se / " (pR. 218) 'dhRti' vaha manodazA hai jisase lobha, zoka, bhaya Adi se prasUta kSobha kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai / isameM viveka, zAstra jJAna Adi vibhAva hote haiM va cApalya Adi kA upazama anubhAva / ghaTa kI mahAyAtrA meM aise aneka kSaNa Ate haiM jaba vaha upasarga aura parISahoM ko dhRtipUrvaka sahana karatA hai / tapana, sAgara kI ora se preSita badalI, bAdala tathA antima khaNDa meM AtaMkavAdiyoM kA AkramaNa - aisI aneka bhayAvaha ghaTanAe~ haiM jinameM dhRtipUrvaka ghaTa yAtrA taya karatA hai| svayaM bhI vivekaprasUta dhRti dhAraNa karatA hai aura saparivAra seTha ko bhI sAhasa tathA dhRti pradAna karatA hai| "Upara ghaTatI isa ghaTanA kA avalokana/khulI A~khoM se kumbha - samUha bhI kara rahA / para,/kumbha ke mukha para/bhIti kI lahara - vaiSamya nahIM hai / " (pR. 251) 'mati' kA to Agara hai yaha ghaTa / mati vaha manodazA hai jo artha kA nirdhAraNa karatI hai aura isa nirdhAraNa ke pIche zAstrIya vicAra kAma karate haiM / zaMkAhInatA tathA saMzaya kA uccheda Adi anubhAva hotA hai / kaThina samaya meM zIghra nirNaya mati se hotA hai / isa prakAra zAnta rasa ke poSaka - upAyAvasthA ke poSaka - sAdhanoM kA samyak upayoga huA hai / vyabhicArI bhAvoM kI puSkala abhivyaMjanA huI hai / meM mahAkAvya ke pAramparika sA~ce meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ eka aMgI rasa to honA hI cAhie, aMga rUpa anya rasoM kA bhI prayoga ho sakatA hai| aMga rUpa meM vyaMjita rasa aparipuSTa hote haiN| phalataH unheM aupacArika rUpa meM hI rasa kahA jAtA hai / atirikta aMga rUpa rasoM ke sthAyIbhAva vyabhicArI bhAva hI hote haiM / Alocya kRti ke dUsare khaNDa meM, jahA~ mATI kA rauMdA jAnA Arambha huA hai - vahA~, prasaMgavaza prAyaH navoM rasoM kI bAta AI hai / ina rasoM kI sattA tadanurUpa vibhAva aura anubhAvoM kI yojanA se mUrta huI hai| para jaisA ki upadezaparaka aura vicAraparaka isa kRti kI prakRti rahI hai, aise prasaMga bhI prakRti se prabhAvita hue haiN| Azraya aura Alambana prAya: yahA~ bhI acetana haiM / phalata: aMgIbhUta saMvedanA kA jisa taraha aMga banakara inheM AnA cAhie, vaise nahIM A pAe haiN| vIra rasa zilpI ke AjAnu pada se mATI lipaTI huI hai aura lipaTana kI isa kriyA meM mahAsattA mATI kI bAhuoM se 'vIra rasa phUTa rahA hai aura kaha rahA hai zilpI se vaha apanI vijaya kAmanA kI pUrti ke lie pyAlA bhara-bhara kara pI le| parantu zilpI kA vIrya usako phaTakAratA hai aura sIkha detA hai ki vijaya Aga se nahIM pAnI se zAnta rasa kI mahAyAtrA meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lix pAyA jAtA hai / ahaMkAra Aga hai aura vinamratA paanii| Aga pAnI para apanA asara dikhA sakatI hai para pAnI to taba bhI usakI sattA samApta kara sakatA hai / vIra meM ahambhAva hotA hai, bhale hI dhIrodAtta meM vaha vinayacchanna ho, zAnta meM usakA astitva ni:zeSa ho jAtA hai| kumbhakAra zAnta rasa kA pakSadhara hai / vaha mAnatA hai ki usakA kahIM bhI antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / isa prasaMga meM vIra rasa kI vyaMjanA to vyAja hai / vastuta: zAnta ke pratipakSI rUpa meM usakA nakAra hI upadiSTa hai| hAsya rasa vIra rasa kI anupayogitA para zilpI kA vaktavya suna kara mATI kI mahAsattA ke adharoM se hAsya phUTa par3A aura upahAsAspada bane vIra rasa kI mahattA para kucha kaha calA / zilpI ne hAsya kA bhI upahAsa kiyA aura usakI bhI anupayogitA yaha kaha kara jatAI ki kheda-bhAva ke vinAza hetu bhale hI hAsya upayogI ho, para zAnta meM upayogI veda-bhAva ke vikAsa hetu hAsya kA tyAga hI anivArya hai / kAraNa, antata: vaha bhI kaSAya hI hai / phira ha~sor3a meM kAryAkArya kA viveka kahA~ hotA hai aura zama ke lie nityAnitya ke viveka kI parama AvazyakatA hotI hai| raudra rasa zAnta ke pakSadhara zilpI para hAsya ne apanA prabhAva jamate na dekha kara raudra kA smaraNa kiyaa| anubhAva varNanA dvArA raudra kA prAkaTya huA, mahAsattA mATI ke bhItara se / zilpI ne use bhI phaTakArA aura saumya mudrA meM nirbhIka hokara bolaa| eka hai rudratA, jo vikRti hai aura dUsarI ora bhadratA hai, jo prakRti hai / pahalI samiTa hai aura dUsarI amiTa / isa vaktavya se raudra rasa apanI bhayAvahatA meM aura bhayAvaha AkAra grahaNa karatA hai, jisase zilpI meM bhIti' udita ho, para zilpI matimAn hai| usakI mati bhIti kA sAmanA karane ko udyata hai-eka sabhaya hai, dUsarA abhaya hai / bIca meM hai ubhayavatI mati / mati abhayA ho jAtI hai / yaha zilpI puruSa kA prabhUta prabhAva hai / zAnta ke Age usakA bhI vaza nahIM claa| adbhuta rasa ___ yaha eka asAdhAraNa, phalata: adbhuta ghaTanA thI / aisI adbhuta ki vismaya ko bhI vismaya ho aayaa| usakI palakeM apalaka raha gaIM aura vANI mUka ho gii| zrRMgAra rasa vismaya kA bhI zAnta para kucha prabhAva calate na dekha zRMgAra ke mukha kA Aba utarane lgaa| zilpI ko una viSayAndha zRMgArikoM para tarasa aayaa| kAraNa, ve viSaya ke andhakAra meM nimagna haiM / zilpI kI dRSTi se rasa to zAnta hI hai; zeSa meM parasaMsargaja vikAra haiN| unameM vaibhAvika rasa hai jo vastuta: arasa hai / zAnta rasa ke upAsaka ko rUpa kI nahIM, arUpa kI pyAsa rahatI hai, isIlie jar3a zRMgAroM se use kyA prayojana ? usakA saMgIta saMgAtIta hai aura prIti aMgAtIta / isa prakAra zRMgAra kA bhI niSedhya rUpa se varNana huA / bIbhatsa rasa svara kI nazvaratA aura sArahInatA sunakara prakRti kI nAsA pravAhita hone lagI, bIbhatsa ke vibhAvoM kA jamaghaTa laga gyaa| jina aMgoM ko dekhakara rAga hotA hai, una para bIbhatsa vairAgya paidA kara mAnoM vaha bhI zRMgAra ko nakAra detA hai| isa prakAra bIbhatsa zRMgAra se haTAkara cetanA ko zAnta rasa kI ora unmukha kara detA hai| karuNa rasa . prakRti aura lekhanI hI nahIM, svayaM karuNA bhI apane bAla-svarUpa kaNa-kaNa meM uphanatI saMgharSa parAyaNa aura dhvaMsAvasAyI bhAvoM kI sthiti dekhakara phaphaka uThatI hai / zilpI isa ati ko dekhakara stabdha raha jAtA hai aura kahatA hai auroM kI tulanA meM karuNA heya nahIM, upAdeya hai para usakI bhI sImA hai| usakI sahI sthiti samajhanI hai| dizAbodhinI
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________________ lx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karuNA karane vAlA aura usakA pAtra banane vAlA, donoM kA mana ghulatA hai, donoM kucha apUrva anubhava karate haiM: "para ise/sahI sukha nahIM kaha sakate hm|" (pR. 154) yaha karuNA duHkha kA Atyantika kSaya nahIM kara sktii| isalie 'karuNA' meM duHkha kA Atyantika kSaya karane vAle zAnta kA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / karuNA prabhAvita aura pravAhita hotI hai| zAnta na prabhAvita hotA hai aura na pravAhita / vaha sthira hai / racayitA kA dhyAna varNana karate samaya prabodha para adhika rahatA hai| tabhI rasa kA prasaMga Ane para bhI kahatA hai : "viSaya ko aura vizada karanA caahuuNgaa|" (pR. 156) vAtsalya rasa karuNA alaga bhAva hai aura vAtsalya alaga / isameM gurujana Azraya hote haiM aura zizu Alambana / mahAsattA mA~ Azraya hai yahA~ / karuNA kI bhA~ti yahA~ bhI dvaita hotA hai - Azraya-Alambana kA / advaita mauna rahatA hai| yaha bhI kSaNabhaMgura bhAva hai / ataH sthAyI aura avinazvara zAnta kA usameM bhI antarbhAva sambhava nahIM / vAtsalya aura karuNA ye donoM hI laukika bhAva haiN| saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa hai| ___ Upara rasoM kA abhivyaMjana kama aura varNana hI adhika hai, jisameM racayitA unake saMvedanAtmaka pakSa ko gauNa rakhakara zAnta ko rasarAja batAtA huA vaicArika pakSa para bala detA hai / jisa prakAra zAstragranthoM meM rasa-sAmagrI kA varNana hotA hai, yahA~ bahuta kucha vaisA hI hai / kahIM-kahIM saMvedanAtmakatA kI bhI chauMka hai para mUlata: jhukAva isa pratipAdya para hai ki zAnta anya rasoM meM anantarbhukta tathA unakA upamardI hai / vaha AtmAsvAda rUpa hone se aura parasaMsargaja bhAvoM se alaga hai / ghaTa, jisa sAdhaka jIvAtmA kA pratIka hai usameM zAnta rasa aura mokSa puruSArtha kI pratiSThA hI racayitA kA lakSya hai| Azraya meM Arambha se hI nityAnityavivekajanmA zama kI pratiSThA hai, vaibhAvika sukha meM vairAgya hai / etadartha apekSita sabhI zAstrokta upAyoM kA sahArA letA hai, guru kA mArganirdeza pAtA hai| sabhI prakAra ke kaSAya athavA vikAroM kA nAza karatA hai| yaha bAta pahale vistAra se kahI jA cukI hai ki zAnta kI pAryantika sthiti ko varNana yA vyaMjanA meM bhI utAranA sambhava nahIM, vaha anubhavaikagamya hai / usakI upAyAvasthA kA hI varNana sambhava hai aura vaha huA hai| aura rasoM kI vAsanA sahRdaya sAmAjika mAtra meM hai para zAnta kI yA usake sthAyI bhAva (zama) kI mukta meM hI sambhava hai / isake rasayitA parigaNita hI haiN| aise prasaMgoM meM samAdhistha ho jAte hoMge aura phira vyutthAna meM kucha samaya taka citta kI prazAntavAhitA rahatI hI hai| vaicArika pakSa 'mAnasa taraMga' meM racayitA kahatA hai : "aise hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai aura yaha vaha sRjana hai jisakA sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AtA hai|" yahI vairAgya yA nirveda nAmaka sthAyI bhAva prakRta grantha kA aMgI rasa hai, yaha bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai| prayojana kI dRSTi se mokSa nAmaka caturtha puruSArtha hI isakA pratipAdya hai| zAstra kI dRSTi se mokSa aura kAvya kI dRSTi se zAnta rasa isakA pratipAdya hai, isIlie yaha kRti zAstrakAvya hai| jaina prasthAna ke isa zAstrakAvya meM kAvya ke mUla upAdAna saMvedanA ke ghaTaka 'vicAra' pakSa kA jahA~ taka sambandha hai, racayitA kI mUla vicAradhArA apane prasthAna kI honI svAbhAvika hai / gantavya (mokSa) ke prati isa prasthAna meM 'samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra' samudita rUpa se 'mokSa' kA 'mArga' hai / inameM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa niSpanna nahIM hogaa| pUrva-pUrva se uttara-uttara kA unmeSa hotA hai| 'darzana' 'jJAna' meM kAraNa hai aura 'darzana' sahita 'jJAna'
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxi 'cAritra' meM / phira tInoM sammilita rUpa se mokSa meM sAdhana haiM, upAya haiN| isI ke sAtha yaha bhI jAnanA cAhie ki yadi 'mukta' puruSa meM 'cAritra' hai to 'jJAna'Avazyaka hai aura 'jJAna' hai to 'darzana' kI sattA anivArya hai / matalaba 'AsthA' ke sAtha 'jJAna'-pUrvaka kiyA gayA AcaraNa' hI abhISTa phala paidA karatA hai| jJAnahIna kI kriyA aura kriyAhIna kA jJAna vyartha hai aura ye donoM vyartha haiM-AsthAhIna ke| mokSamArgI ghaTa' jaba 'mokSa' ke lie kathA ke Arambha meM hI apanI gaharI abhIpsA yA saMkalpa sacce dila athavA mukta hRdaya se vyakta karatA hai taba anurUpa pratidhvani mahAsattA dharatI se nikalatI hai / vaha sabase pahale 'AsthA' arthAt 'samyag darzana' kI hI bAta karatI hai| vaha kahatI hai-'prati sattA meM aparimeya sambhAvanAe~ hotI haiM jo anurUpa nimitta pAkara caritArtha hotI haiN|' 'sabase pahale rahasya meM par3I isa gandha kA anupAna AsthA kI nAsA' se karanA hogA' (pR.78); 'AsthA se vAstA hone para rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA huA sAdhaka ko sAthI bana sAtha detA hai' (pR. 9); 'sAdhanA kI a~guliyA~ jaba AsthA ke tAroM para calatI haiM tabhI sArthaka jIvana meM svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai' (pR. 9) / gambhIra sAdhanA kI jvAlA se jaba ghaTa kI AtmA kA samagra vikAra kSINa ho jAtA hai aura seTha kA sevaka usa paripakva ghaTa kI parIkSA karatA hai taba usameM se 'sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni' yAnI 'sAre gama pada nahIM' kA svara sunAI par3atA hai, arthAt AtmA kA svabhAva samasta duHkhoM se mukta hai / vaha nitya niratizaya Ananda svarUpa hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| usake samasta bandha hetu- mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga- kSINa ho cuke haiN| usameM 'samyak jJAna' kA udaya ho cukA hai| vaha sAdhanA ke sabhI guNasthAnoM para ArUr3ha ho cukA hai| jaba taka sAdhaka sva-bhAva meM pratiSThita nahIM ho jAtA taba taka Atyantika mukti sambhava nahIM hai| jaba sAdhanAtmaka manthana se navanIta dadhi se bAhara A gayA. taba phira usase milakara sAMkarya kI sthiti prApta nahIM kara sktaa| caturtha khaNDa meM ghaTa ke sabhI Avaraka karmoM kA kSaya ho cukA hai, ata: vaha samyak jJAnI hai / vaha pramANa tathA nayoM dvArA sabhI tattvoM- jIva, ajIva (dharma, adharma, kAla, AkAza) Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa- kA jJAna prApta kara letA hai / isake jJAna meM saMzaya, viparyAsa tathA anadhyavasAya nahIM hotA / tattvata: cAritra AtmA kA svarUpa hI hai / ata: usakI abhivyakti darzana aura jJAnagata samyaktva se hotI hai| paMca mahAvrata isI svabhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie haiN| siddhAvasthA taka pahu~cane ke lie sAdhaka ko jisa naitika unnati ke anusAra Age bar3hanA par3atA hai, ve hI mokSamArga ke sopAna caturdaza guNasthAna haiN| Alocya kRti ke dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDoM kI samasta sAdhanA kI vyAkhyA inake Aloka meM kI jA sakatI hai| samyag jJAnI se AcaraNa yA cAritra vaise hI phUTatA hai jaise puSpa se gandha / mukta ghaTa zaraNAgata seTha parivAra kI mukti meM svayaM pravRtta hotA hai / 'mokSazAstra' meM kahA gayA hai ki kaSAya, pApa aura vyasana Adi saMsAra ke kAraNoM se virakta honA tathA deva pUjA, dAna Adi zubha kriyAoM meM pravRtta honA samyak cAritra hai| kumbha kahatA hai : " 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM/'para' ko para ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai,/aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA sahI jJAna kA 'phl'|" (pR. 375) Age vaha apanI prakRti kA paricaya detA huA jhArI se kahatA hai : "kisI raMga-rogana kA mujha para prabhAva nahIM,/sadA-sarvathA eka-sI dazA hai merI isI kA nAma to samatA hai|" (pR. 378)
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________________ lxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jaina prasthAna meM tIrthaMkaratva hI sevA kA Adarza hai / kevalajJAna kI prApti terahaveM guNasthAna meM aura siddhilAbha caudahaveM guNasthAna ko pAra karane para hotA hai| sAmAnyataH kevalajJAna pAkara bhI use sabhI prANiyoM meM dene kA kArya nahIM hotA, para yaha tIrthaMkara meM avazya hI hotA hai, jo eka prakAra se sevA bhAva hai| brAhmaNa dharma kA sadguru, buddha dharma kA sambuddha aura jaina prasthAna kA tIrthaMkara bhI sevA yA niSkAma karma kA parama Adarza hai / jaba taka jIva kA granthiviccheda nahIM hotA taba taka zuddhilAbha nahIM hotA / zuddhilAbha kI pUrNatA tIrthaMkaratva meM hI hai| jisa jIva meM granthiviccheda hote hI vizvavedanA kA anubhava hone lage, phalata: usakI nivRtti meM saMlagna ho jAya, vahI jIva tIrthaMkara ho pAtA hai aura vahI sevA kA ucca Adarza prApta kara sakatA hai| kevalajJAna prApta karane ke bAda siddha ghaTa apane prati samarpita (seTha parivAra) ke uddhAra meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai| isI sevAbhAva aura cAritra meM kRti parisamApta hotI hai / kRti kI parisamApti meM santa kI dhAraNA "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai / " (pR. 486) sAdhaka ke saMkalpa kI yaha niSpannatA hai| sAdhaka ghaTa kI samyak zraddhA kaisI hai-nisargaja athavA adhigamaja ? ananta sambhAvanAoM kA upAdAna to vaha hai, para nimitta kauna hai ? mokSa, isa bandhana se kaise prApta ho-yaha becainI to ghaTa meM sahaja hai, parantu tadartha apekSita mokSamArga kA nirdeza kauna kare ? samyagdarzana kaise aura kahA~ se Ae ? isa kRti meM apanI hI aMzI dharatI ke upadeza se AsthA yA zraddhA kI nAsA ghaTa ko milatI hai, ata: adhigamaja hI kahA jA sakatA hai| brAhmaNa prasthAna meM upAdAnagata sambhAvanaoM ko mUrta hone ke lie pAramezvara anugraha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kAraNa, vahA~ atirikta Izvara kI kalpanA hI nahIM hai / saMsAra anAdi hai| usake nirmANa ke lie Izvara kI apekSA nahIM hai| 'mAnasa taraMga' meM isakI samyak upasthApanA kI gaI hai| yahA~ kevala upAdAna hai aura usameM nihita sambhavAnAoM ko mUrta hone meM nimitta kAraNa bhI haiM, jinameM se kucha udAsIna hote haiM aura kucha preraka / unakA pratibandha rAhitya to apekSita hai hI, sAmagraya bhI apekSita hai| Alocya kRti meM apane prasthAna kI aneka dArzanika aura pAribhASika padAvaliyA~ prayukta huI haiM, una saba para vicAra isa saMkSipta bhUmikA meM sambhava nahIM hai / granthakAra kI to pratijJA hI hai ki yahA~ kAvyocita aura rocaka paddhati para saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ nirUpita kI jAya~, phalata: ve saMvAdoM se bharI par3I haiN| - AcAryazrI ne bhAratIya hI nahIM, prAyaH vizva ke sabhI darzanoM meM bahucarcita 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' kA dvandva bhI uThAyA hai aura apanI cira paricita nirukti paddhati kA bhI sahArA liyA hai| 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' kI vibhinna vyutpattiyA~ sambhava haiM / caturtha khaNDa meM seTha atithi sadguru se prArthanA karatA hai : "kaise bahU~ maiM aba Age !/kyA pUrA kA pUrA AzAvAdI banU~ ? yA saba kucha niyati para chor3a dU~ ?/chor3a dUM puruSArtha ko ? he parama-puruSa ! batAo kyA karU~ ?/...kartA svatantra hotA hai yaha siddhAnta sadoSa hai kyA ?" (pR.347-348) sadguru uttara dete haiM : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxiii apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai / nizcaya se yahI yati hai, aura / 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA paramAtmA hai 'artha' yAnI prAptavya prayojana hai / AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI / sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) - yaha AcAryazrI kI prauDhokti hai / rekhAMkita paMktiyA~ unakI dRSTi se niyati aura puruSArtha kA svarUpa spaSTa karatI haiM / ise prakRta prasthAna ke vaicArika Aloka meM savistAra dekhanA cAhie / jaina darzana meM niyati aura puruSArtha amRtacandra sUri ne 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya' meM anAdi bandha kA varNana karate hue kahA : "jIvakRtaM pariNAmaM nimittamAtraM prapadya punaranye / svayameva pariNamante'tra pudgalAH karmabhAvena // 12 // pariNamamAnasya citazcidAtmakaiH svayamapi svakairbhAvaiH / bhavati hi nimittamAtraM paudgalikaM karma tasyApi " // 13 // jIva dvArA kie gae rAga-dveSa-moha Adi pariNAmoM ke nimitta pAkara pudgala paramANu svata: hI karma rUpa se pariNata ho jAte haiN| AtmA apane cidAtmaka bhAvoM se svayaM pariNata hotA hai, pudgala karma to usameM nimitta mAtra hai| jIva aura ' pudgala eka dUsare ke pariNamana meM paraspara nimitta hote haiN| pUrva karma se rAgadveSa aura rAgadveSa se pudgala karmabandha kI dhArA bIja vRkSa kI santati kI taraha anAdikAla se cala rahI hai / pUrvakarma ke udaya se rAga-dveSa kI vAsanA aura rAga-dveSa kI vAsanA se nUtana karmabandha kA cakra kaise ucchinna ho, yahI mUla roga hai / vastutaH pUrvakarma ke udaya se honevAlA karmaphalabhUta rAga-dveSa-vAsanA Adi kA bhoganA karmabandhaka nahIM hotA, kintu bhogakAla meM jo nUtana rAga-dveSa rUpa adhyavasAna bhAva hote rahe haiM, ve bandhaka hote haiM / aisA hotA hai mithyAdRSTi ko na ki samyagdRSTi ko| samyagdRSTi kA bhoga naI vAsanA paidA nahIM karatA / vaha pUrva karma ko zAnta karatA hai aura nUtana paidA nahIM hone detA / malataba samyagdRSTi kA karmabhoga nirjarA hI nahIM, saMvara kA bhI kAraNa banatA hai / AtmA kA svarUpa upayoga hai / AtmA kI caitanya zakti ko 'upayoga' kahate haiM / yaha citizakti bAhyaAbhyantara kAraNoM se yathAsambhava jJAnAkAra paryAya ko aura darzanAkAra paryAya ko dhAraNa karatI hai / jisa samaya caitanya zakti jJeya ko jAnatI hai usa samaya sAkAra hokara 'jJAna' kahalAtI hai tathA jisa samaya mAtra caitanyAkAra rahakara nirAkAra rahatI hai taba 'darzana' kahalAtI hai| darzana aura jJAna, krama se hone vAlI paryAyeM haiM / nirAvaraNa dazA meM caitanya apane zuddha caitanya rUpa meM lIna rahatA hai / isa anirvacanIya svarUpamAtra pratiSThita AtmamAtra dazA ko hI 'nirvANa' kahate haiM / nirvANa arthAt vAsanAoM kA nirvANa / AtmadRSTi hI bandha kA uccheda karatI hai| buddha ko AtmA se cir3ha hai / vaha usa AtmasambandhI nitya dRSTi ko hI sarva anarthamUla mAnate haiM / vAstava meM sarva anarthamUla AtmasvarUpa kA anyathAvabodha hai / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura asaMkhya kAlANu kA sadRza pariNamana hI hotA hai para rUpa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza vAle pudgala paramANuoM kA zuddha pariNamana to hotA hI hai, skandhAtmaka azuddha pariNamana bhI hotA hai / sthUla zarIra aura karmamaya sUkSma zarIra se baddha jIva kA vibhAvAtmaka yA vikArI pariNamana hotA hai, para svarUpa bodha ho jAne para zarIroM ke ucchinna hone se zuddha cinmAtra raha jAtA hai| phira use anyatra ahaMkAra yA mamakAra nahIM hotA / dharmakIrti kA yaha vaktavya
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________________ lxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ThIka nahIM hai : "Atmani sati parasaMjJA svaparavibhAgAt parigrahadveSau / anayoH saMpratibaddhAH sarve doSAH prajAyante // " pra.vA.- 1 / 121 // AtmA tIna prakAra ke haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / zarIrAdi parapadArtha meM Atmabuddhi hai to bahirAtmA, samyagdRSTi kI para-padArtha se Atmabuddhi haTa gaI hai so antarAtmA aura vahI kramaza: paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| ___ jIva aura ajIva kA yoga hI bandha hai aura mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-ye pA~ca usake kAraNa haiN| asamyagdRSTi mithyAdRSTi hai / avirati- vratAcaraNa kA abhAva, viziSTa rati kA abhAva hai| pramAda asAvadhAnI hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kaSAya haiM / kAya-vacana evaM mana kA karma yAnI kArya hI yoga hai / bandhana-mukti hI mokSa hai. jo ina kAraNoM ke haTAne se sambhava hai| mokSa samyagdarzana. samyagjJAna evaM samyakacAritra-tInoM ke hone se hotA hai. cAritra zUnya mAtra samyagjJAna yA mAtra samyagdarzana se nhiiN| vaidikadhArA mAtra jJAna se hI mukti mAnatI hai| ___ svarUpapracyava mithyA dRSTi se hotA hai, ata: sarvavidha patana kA mUla kAraNa vahI hai / isalie samyak dRSTi honA Avazyaka hai / yaha ho kaise ? dravyagata zaktiyA~ niyata haiM para unake pariNAma anivArya hokara bhI aniyata haiN| pariNamana nimitta ke sadbhAva para nirbhara karatA hai / jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya kA hI khela yaha jagat hai / donoM paraspara ke pariNamana meM nimitta haiM aura donoM kI apanI zaktiyA~ niyata haiN| inheM koI kama-z2yAdA nahIM kara sakatA / vahA~ hamArA puruSArtha kAma de sktaa| hamArA puruSArtha sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi kA AkAra dene meM hai, koyale ke hIrAparyAya ke vikAsa meM hai| koyale meM yaha sambhAvanA hai| jaba karmabandha aura tadanurUpa nimittavaza pratyeka jIva kA pratisamaya kAryakrama nizcita hai arthAt parakartRtva to hai hI nahIM, svakartRtva bhI nahIM hai, taba puruSArtha kyA artha rakhatA hai ? svAtantrya kahA~ hai puruSArtha kA? niyativAda meM puruSArtha kahA~ hai ? upAdAna meM jaisI yogyatA hogI aura nimitta jaisA milegA, vaisA hogA / isa nIrandhralauhacakra meM svAtantrya kahA~ ? puruSArtha kahA~ ? pApa-puNya kahA~ ? pariNamana niyata hai, para jisa hetu se niyata hai, use hetu banane meM tIna kAraNa haiM-eka to vaha kArya se avyavahita 'pUrvakSaNa meM vidyamAna' ho, dUsare 'apratibaddha' ho, tIsare 'avikala' ho / rAgAdi kaSAya kA, jina kA upAdAna AtmA hai, nimitta pudgala haiM, ataeva rAgAdi kaSAya yA vAsanA paudgalika kahe jAte haiM / adhyAtma ubhayavidha kAraNa se kArya hotA hai, yaha mAnatA hai, para yaha upAdAna kA sudhAra cAhatA hai, usakI dRSTi isI para rahatI hai| ata: vaha pratisamaya apane mUlasvarUpa kI yAda dilAtA rahatA hai ki terA svarUpa to zuddha hai, ye rAgAdi kubhAva paranimitta se utpanna hote haiM, ata: para nimittoM ko chor3a / isI meM ananta puruSArtha hai, na ki niyativAda kI niSkriyatA meM / kArya mAtra ke lie upAdAna aura nimitta-donoM kAraNa haiN| donoM kI samagratA hI dravyagata nijasvabhAva hai| yaha sahI hai ki adhyAtmaniSTha puruSa ke lie bAhya nimitta gauNa haiN| mokSa ke lie donoM Avazyaka haiM / svAmI samantabhadra ne 'svayambhU-stotram' meM kahA hai : "bAhyetaropAdhisamagrateyaM kAryeSu te dravyagata: svabhAvaH / naivA'nyathA mokSavidhizca puMsAM tenA'bhivanyastvamRSirbudhAnAm" // 6 // jIva ke bhAvoM ke nimitta se pudgaloM kA karmarUpa paryAya hotA hai aura pudgaloM ke karmarUpa paryAya se jIva rAgAdi rUpa se pariNamana karatA hai / upAdAnadRSTi se AtmA apane bhAvoM kA kartA hai / pudgala ke jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa dravyakarmAtmaka pariNamana kA kartA nahIM hai / ahaMkAra yA mamakAra ghAtaka hai / upAdAna AtmA ke guNa-vikAsa meM hamArA svAtantrya hai, para ve guNa yadi AtmA meM na hote to kyA maiM paidA kara letA ? yA anurUpa nimitta na milatA to upAdAna meM bhI sambhAvita guNoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxv kA vikAsa ho pAtA ? puruSArtha meM isa prakAra nizcaya naya se svAtantrya hai, para isakA ahaMkAra nahIM honA cAhie / sAtha hI upAdAna yogyatA ke hI saba kucha hone se adhyAtma kA akartRtva bhI hai / nizcaya naya vastu kI paranirapekSa svabhUta dazA kA varNana karatA hai jabaki vyavahAra naya parasApekSa avasthAoM kA / nizcaya naya se AtmA akartA hai, vyavahAra naya se krtaa| "yasmAt kriyAH pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyA:" (kalyANamandirastotram, 38)- bhAvazUnya kriyAe~ saphala nahIM hotI / yaha bhAva hai-nizcaya dRSTi / nizcaya naya paranirapekSa AtmasvarUpa ko kahatA hai / usakI dRSTi parama vItarAgatA para rahatI hai / ve hI kriyAe~ mokSa meM sArthaka haiM jo parama vItarAgatA kI sAdhikA aura poSikA haiN| isa prakAra niyati aura puruSa ke svAtantrya se puruSArtha-donoM kA sahabhAva nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai aura usakI granthi sulajhAI jAtI hai| Alocya kRti meM darzanocita cirantana cintana ke to vibhinna pakSa carcita haiM hI, jina para svatantra granthAkAra lekhana sambhava hai, unake sAtha samakAlIna samasyAoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| unakI bhI saMkSipta carcA prAsaMgika hogii| aise prasaMga adhikAMzata: caturtha khaNDa meM haiN| udAharaNArtha : (ka) mATI aura dharatI kI mahimA (kha) avAma kA mahattva (ga) nArI mahimA aura unakI vartamAna sthiti (gha) parigrahavRtti aura tajjanya zoSaNa kA tANDava (Ga) AtaMkavAda aura mAnavatA (ca) sTAra vAra kA saMketa (cha) baranAlA prabhRti anya prAsaMgika aura sAmayika saMketa racayitA apane samaya kI samasyAoM se kaise taTastha raha sakatA hai ? usakA dhyAna upalabdhiyoM para to hai, para usase z2yAdA vaha sambhAvanAoM ko kAvya kA viSaya banAtA hai, gagana kI apekSA dharatI kA yazogAna karatA hai, kara kI apekSA pA~va kA mahattva nirUpaNa z2yAdA karatA hai| sambhAvanA kisa taraha saMgharSa karatI huI upalabdhi banatI hai, isako gAthAbaddha karatA hai / usakA nAyaka svarNa kA ghaTa nahIM, mATI kA ghaTa banatA hai / Aja kA yuga mAnA ki baunoM kA hai, Aja hamArA vizvamaMca mahAn vibhUtiyoM ke prakAza se kama, haivAnoM ke andhakAra se z2yAdA ghirA hai| parigrahI aura svArthAndhavRtti samAja meM zoSaNa aura vizvamaMca para AtaMkavAda aura sTAra vAra kI vibhISikAe~ paidA kara rahI hai| nArI aura garIba trasta haiN| svarNa kA varcasva hai| usake pAsa bhautika haivAniyata bharI tAkata hai / vaha insAna para apanA raktima paMjA jamAe hue hai| pANigrahaNa ke bAda prANagrahaNa ho rahA hai / racayitA ina sabhI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna AtmavAdI prasthAna meM dekhatA hai| padArthavAdI vaijJAnika cintana 'bhautikatA' ko hI kAmya banAtA hai jo apanI vinazvaratA aura sImAoM meM aparyApta par3akara durnivAra aura haivAniyata bhare saMgharSa ko Amantrita karatA hai| yadi hameM ina saba samasyAoM para vijaya pAnI hai to cetanAvAda kI zaraNa meM jAnA hI hogA / vahA~ aisI sampatti hai jo avinazvara hai, para-nirapekSa hai, nitya aura niratizaya hai tathA avinazvara aura sAravAn hai| isIlie grantha samApta karatA huA racayitA santa ke svara meM kahatA hai : "isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para!" (pR. 488)
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________________ lxvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isa prakAra kRti kA vaicArika pakSa na kevala AmuSmika apitu aihika pakSa se bhI samRddha hai| prastuta kRti kA bhASApakSIya vivecana ___bhASA yadi sampreSaNa kA mAdhyama hai to kavi kI kalpanA ke lie aisA vizva meM kucha bhI nahIM hai jo kucha na kucha use sampreSita na karatA ho / ata: vyApaka artha meM bhASA kA svarUpa aparimeya aura aparibhASya hai / 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA aisI na hotI huI bhI aisI hI hai| usameM kyA nahIM bolatA / na bolanA bhI bolatA hai, mauna bhI mukhara hai| prastuta prasaMga meM bhASA kA yaha svarUpa anupayogI hai / isa sandarbha meM bhASA-kavi kI bhASA, kavi karma kI bhASA, kAvya kI bhASA vAgarthamayI hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne kahA hai : "Akhara aratha kavihiM valu sA~cA / anuhari tAla gatihiM naTa nAcA // " dhvaniprasthAna paramAcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI mahAkavi kI pahacAna batAte hue kahA hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI zabdazca kazcana / yalata: pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArtho mahAkaveH // " dhva.pra.u./8 arthAt mahAkavi kI apanI pahacAna 'kucha aura' hI artha aura usakI abhivyakti ke anurUpa sAmarthya sampanna aura hI zabda ke prayoga meM hai / ye zabdArtha yatnapUrvaka puna: puna: anusandhAna yA bhAvana kI apekSA karate haiN| bhAratIya AcAryoM ne vyavahAropayogI aura zAstrIya yA vyavasthita cintana meM upayogI sAmAnya bhASA' se 'kAvyabhASA' kA vyatireka nirUpita karate hue kahA hai ki sAmAnyabhASA kA prayojana yA to vyavahAra calAnA hotA hai yA jJAna kI paridhi kA vistAra / kAvyabhASA meM ye bAteM gauNa hotI haiN| usakA sampreSya 'kacha aura' hI hotA hai. jise prayojanAtIta prayojana kahA gayA hai- kAMTa ke zabdoM meM Purposeless Purpose. ise zabdAntara se a-vyaktigata AsvAda kaha sakate haiM, a-laukika saundarya saMvedana kaha sakate haiM sahRdayagrAhaka kI dRSTi se / sarjaka usI manodazA kA sampreSaNa anurUpa vAgbhaMgimA se karatA hai| bhAratIya paramparA vidheyAtmaka paddhati para use apanI prakRti meM sAmAjika aura ziva mAnatI hai / samAjAnumodita sAmagrI ko sundara DhaMga se sampreSita karane ke lie (samAjAnumodita manodazA meM) sarjaka jisa bhASA ko apanI anurUpatA meM pakar3atA hai, vahI kAvyabhASA hai / Anandavardhana ise 'lalitocitasannivezacAru' kahate haiM aura paNDitarAja 'smucitllitsnniveshcaaru'| abhinava gupta 'lalita' kI vyAkhyA karate hue use 'guNa aura alaMkAra'paraka mAnate haiM / guNaalaMkAramaNDita kAvyabhASA AsvAda ke bhAvana meM samartha hotI hai, isIlie vaha ucita hai / paNDitarAja kA Azaya spaSTa karate hue nAgeza bhaTTa kahate haiM ki yadi sanniveza- zabdasanniveza sampreSya AsvAda ke anurUpa hai to vaha samucita hai aura samucita hai to hI lalita' hai / matalaba bhAratIya sAhityika paramparA meM doSa rahita bhASA hI kAvyabhASA banatI hai jaba guNa aura alaMkAra se maNDita ho / kuntaka sAmAnya bhASA ko kAvyabhASA banane ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiM ki vaha kavi kI pratibhA se prasUta vakratA yA bA~kapana se maNDita ho / yaha bA~kapana vyavahAra aura zAstra kI piTI-piTAI lIka se haTakara prayukta kI gaI kAvyabhASA meM hotA hai / kuntaka sampreSya 'cArutA' yA 'saundarya' ko pratibhA-prasUta mAnatA hai / vaha kahatA "yat kiMcanApi vaicitryaM tatsarvaM pratibhodbhavam / " kAvya meM sampreSya 'cArutA' pratibhA yA kavivyApAra se hI utpanna hai / isI cArutA se maNDita hokara zabdArtha 'kucha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxvii aura hI' jAna par3ate haiN| ve kAvyocita zabdArtha yA kAvya kI bhASA mAne jAte haiN| isIlie 'pratibhA' kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vaha 'apUrvavastunirmANakSamaprajJA' hI hai / prazna yaha hai ki vastu meM pratIta yaha apUrvatA vastu kI nijI vizeSatA hai yA utpAdita ? Anandavardhana aura kuntaka- donoM hI apane-apane DhaMga se isakA uttara dete haiN| Anandavarddhana kA pakSa hai ki kAvya bhI eka prasthAna hai, jIvana ke carama prayojana ke lAbha kA aura yaha lAbha hai 'nijacitsvarUpavizrAnti' yA svarUpabodha' / kavi inakI dRSTi se do prakAra ke haiM-pariNata prajJa aura prAthamika yA AbhyAsika / prAthamika yA AbhyAsika kavi kI to nahIM parantu pariNata prajJa kavi kA vyApAra, kavi karma tadanurUpa 'vibhAvAdi saMyojanAtmA' hotA hai| unakI dRSTi meM yahI kavi kA mukhya karma hai| sarjaka kAvya nirmANavelA meM isI AsvAdamaya svarUpabodha kI lokottara bhUmi para pratiSThita hotA hai / isa kAvyAnubhUti ke Aveza meM niSNAta zabdArtha jaba jaivikI prakriyA se vyakta hote haiM to kucha aura yA apUrva jAna par3ate haiN| isa prAtibha Aveza meM nisargajAta phUTa par3ane vAle kAvyapravAha ke antargata alaMkAra ke nimitta atirikta prayAsa nahIM karanA par3atA / vaha apRthagyattanivartya hotA hai / rahA guNa, vaha to usa AsvAda kI nisarga siddha vizeSatA hai / isa prakAra prAtibha Aveza meM svata: samucchvasita kAvyabhASA 'guNAlaMkAramaNDita' hokara hI nikalatI hai| usakA bAda meM sAyAsa maNDana nahIM hotaa| usake 'vAcaka aura 'vAcya' bhI kucha aura hote haiN| arastU ise Strange Word kahate haiN| ajanabI yA apUrva kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve aparicita yA sarvathA aparicita hote haiM Anandavardhana kahate haiM : "sarve navA ivAbhAnti madhumAsa iva drumAH" -vasanta meM jaise rahate ve hI druma haiM, para naI AbhA se maNDita hokara nae se lagate haiM, isI prakAra isa kAvyabhASA kI bhI sthiti hai / vaha paricita hokara bhI aparicita hai, ata: 'kucha aura' yA 'apUrva' hai| zabda aura artha kA abheda hone se yaha apUrvatA ubhayaniSTha hai| vaha kahate haiM : "vAcyAnAM ca kAvye pratibhAsamAnAnAM yad rUpaM tattu grAhyavizeSAbhedenaiva prtiiyte|" zAstra aura vyavahAra kI bAta chor3ie, kAvya meM jo (vAcaka aura) vAcyArtha pratIta hotA hai vaha pratyakSa pramANa se grAhya jaisA yAnI pratyakSAyamANa lagatA hai, apanI samasta vyaktigata vizeSatAoM ke sAtha / vyavahAra aura zAstra meM mAtra artha grahaNa hotA hai para kAvya meM bimbArtha grahaNa hotA hai, bimba rUpa meM, saMzliSTa rUpa meM artha kA grahaNa hotA hai| ise artha saMzleSa kaha sakate haiN| isI meM kavi kI sarjanAtmaka pratibhA kA prakAza hotA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki Anandavardhana cArutA yA apUrvatA kevala bhASA ke vyaMjaka aura vyaMgyamaya zabdArtha meM hI mAnate haiM, para yahA~ to usa apUrvatA kI sattA vAcyArtha meM bhI batAI jA rahI hai, sau kaise ? vyaMjanA svarUpabodhamaya AsvAda kI prakriyA hai| paNDitarAja ke zabdoM meM vaha svarUpa para par3e hue AvaraNa kA bhaMga hai / unhoMne kahA hai : "vyaktizca bhagnAvaraNA cit"vyakti yA vyaMjanA nirAvaraNa cit kA hI nAmAntara hai jo vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM kI bhA~ti svarUpabhUta Ananda yA AsvAda kA prakAzaka hotA hai| 'prakAza'kAra ne kahA hai : "svAkAra iva"-vijJAna apane hI AkAra kA prakAzaka hotA hai| vastutaH kavi kI pratibhA koI niyama nahIM jAnatI, vaha kisI niyama yA siddhAnta se nahIM ba~dhatI, taba isa niyama se kaise ba~dha jAyagI ki kAvyocita cArutA kA sambandha vyaMjaka zabda yA vyaMgya artha se hI hai| yahI to pratibhA kA svAtantraya hai ki vaha cArutA kA udreka kahIM bhI kara sakatI hai, vAcyArtha ho yA vyaMgyArtha / mahimabhaTTa ne bhI pratibhA yA kavi vyApAra kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue mAnA hai ki vaha kavirUpI ziva kI tIsarI A~kha hai jisase vaha vyavahita-avyavahita, viprakRSTa-aviprakRSTa yAnI dezakAlagata aura dezakAlAtIta samasta vizva ke padArthajAta kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki padArtha kA svarUpa do prakAra kA hotA hai- sAmAnya aura viziSTa / sAmAnya svarUpa parokSa pramANa se prApta hotA hai aura viziSTa rUpa eka mAtra pratyakSa pramANa se / yahI pratyakSagrAhya viziSTa rUpa hI satkaviyoM kI pratibhAprasUta vANI kA viSaya banatA hai| kAraNa, pratibhA nAma kI jo usakI tIsarI A~kha hai, usase vaha padArthajAta kI asAdhAraNatA, viziSTatA, kucha aura kA grahaNa karatI hai| kroce ne bhI kahA
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________________ lxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai jJAna kA iNTyUTiva rUpa 'vyakti' yA 'viziSTa' ko aura lAjikala rUpa 'sAmAnya' ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai / pratibhA dvArA dRSTa padArtha kA yaha asAdhAraNa rUpa, apUrva rUpa, sundara rUpa padArtha kA svAbhAvika dharma hai, utpAdita yA Aropita nahIM hai / taka bhI isI tathya ko apane DhaMga se rekhAMkita karate haiN| unakA bhI mAnanA hai ki pratibhA hI kavi vyApAra hai aura vahI vakratA hai / kAvyabhASA kI, sAmAnya bhASA kI apekSA jo vaiziSTya hai, vaha isI pratibhA kI prasUti hai / ina pAramparika bhAratIya AcAryoM ke uparyukta vivecana se jo niSkarSa nikalatA hai vaha yaha ki cArutA yA padArthagata subhaga tattva padArtha ke spandamaya svabhAva meM hai / use sakSama sarjaka pratibhA se kuredakara ubhAra detA hai, vaiyaktika vizeSatAoM se maNDita (artha mAtra nahIM) saMzliSTa artha yA bimbArtha kA upasthApana karatA hai| hA~, yadi pratibhA kI naisargika A~kha sarjaka meM nahIM hai to vaha upasthApya artha meM ramaNIyatA kA AdhAna karatA hai, Upara se DAlatA hai| ye sarjaka prAthamika yA AbhyAsika haiM / vakroktijIvitakAra ne ina donoM prakAra ke kavikarmoM ko dRSTigata kara kahA hai : "lInaM vastuni yena sUkSmasubhagaM tattvaM girA kRSyatenirmAtuM prabhavenmanoharamidaM vAcaiva yo vA kaviH / vande dvAvapi tAvubhau -- |" arthAt pratibhA sampanna kavi vastumAtra meM avyakta rUpa se nihita sUkSma subhagatattva ko apanI vANI se ubhArakara sahRdaya grAhaka ko dRSTigocara karA detA hai, para jisameM yaha A~kha nahIM hai, vaha bhI prayatnapUrvaka varNyavastu ko manohara banA detA hai| hI prakAra ke kavi vandanIya haiN| Adhunika Alocaka bhAratIya AcAryoM ke kAvyArtha - saMzliSTa artha yA bimbArtha ke vivecana ko nahIM jAnate aura jo nahIM jAnate ki unake mata se alaMkAra aura guNa 'apRthagyatnanirvartya' aura 'svabhAvadharma' haiM, ve kucha bhI kahate haiM aura kaha sakate haiM / AcArya rAmacandra zukla se lekara DaoN. rAmasvarUpa caturvedI aura DaoN. jagadIza gupta Adi taka yaha kahate sune jAte haiM ki pAramparika AcAryoM ne bimbArtha kI carcA nahIM kI hai / ina navacintakoM ko pAramparika kAvyazAstra kI gambhIratA aura vyApakatA kA manoyogapUrvaka anuzIlana karanA cAhie / isa bindu para Age aura vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| samprati, lage hAtha zailI vaijJAnikoM kA bhI kAvya-bhASA ke sambandha meM kyA abhimata hai, yaha dekha lenA caahie| sAtha hI yaha bhI dekhanA cAhie ki vaha kAvyabhASA ke svarUpa - vizleSaNa ke sandarbha meM kitanA Age bar3hatA hai ? bar3hatA hai yA nahIM bar3hatA hai ? idhara nae bhASAvidoM ne 'AlocanA kI naI bhUmikA' adA karane vAle 'zailIvijJAna' kI carcA kI hai| 'zailI - vijJAna' Stylistics kA rUpAntara hai / 'vijJAna' ke sAtha 'rIti' kA jor3anA jitanA saMgata hai, 'zailI' kA nahIM / kAraNa, bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI 'rIti' kI Antarika prakRti vastuniSTha hai aura 'vijJAna' kI bhI / viparIta isake 'zailI' meM AtmaniSThatA kI pratiSThA hai| bhAratIya AcAryoM ne 'mArga' yA 'rIti' ko svabhAva ( daNDI aura kuntaka) se jor3akara 'svabhAva' ko bhI 'vastuniSTha' kara diyA hai, kama se kama isa sandarbha meM | sTAilisTiksa bhI mAnatA hai ki kAvyabhASA sAmAnya bhASA para hI samAdhRta hai, isIlie paricita hai phira bhI apanI sarjanAtmaka prakRti ke kAraNa 'aparicita' sI lagatI hai / sAmAnya bhASA rUr3ha artha ke bodha dvArA vyavahAra calAtI hai yA vyavasthita yA zAstrIya hokara hamAre bodha kI paridhi kA vistAra karatI hai / kAvyabhASA sarjaka yA racanAkAra a- vyaktigata stara para svAnubhUta satya kA AkarSaka DhaMga se sampreSaNa karatI hai| usakA sampreSya saMvedya saundarya yA sundara anubhUti hai / isakA grahaNa 'pratibhA' sahakRta zabda se hotA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxix hai / grAhaka yA sarjaka kI pratibhA' kA sahakAra yadi zabda ko na mile to sarjaka sampreSita nahIM ho sakatA / bhAratIya cintana meM pratibhA' kA svarUpa taraha-taraha se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| kucha loga use citta kA hI nirmala rUpa mAnate haiM aura kucha cit rUpa hI batAte haiN| sAmAnya bhASA ekakendrika hotI hai aura kAvyabhASA bahukendrika / pratibhA ke samparka se zabda raNana hI nahIM anuraNana karane lagatA hai aura anuraNana karatI huI artha kI parateM yA chAyAe~ eka bRhattara saMzliSTa arthacitra nirmita karatI haiN| pratibhA apane svarUpa meM aparimeya hai, ata: zabda dvArA sampreSita hone vAle artha apanI sambhAvanAoM meM pUrNata: gRhIta hI ho jAya~, yaha sambhava nhiiN| 'gahi na jAi asa adbhuta bAnI' sTAilisToM kA vicAra hai ki sAmAnya bhASA se kAvyabhASA 'cayana', 'vicalana', 'sAdRzya' aura 'viralatA' jaise prayogoM se apanA lakSya prApta karatI hai| mukAroskI kahatA hai : "Poetic language is characterized by a constant tension between automatization and forgrounding." arthAt kAvyabhASA kA lakSaNa hI hai yantrabaddhatA aura pezabaMdI ke bIca nirantara tanAva banA rahanA / isa pezabaMdI ke uparyukta cAra srota carcita hue haiN| usane kahA hai ki pezabandI bhASA ke upAdAna tattvoM kA sarjanAtmaka uddezya se paricAlita Avartana hai / ukta srota paraspara vikalpa nahIM apitu pUraka haiN| pratibhA prayoktA yA sarjaka kA sAmarthya hai / yahI sAmarthya bhASA ko vaha sAmarthya pradAna karatA hai jisase vaha apanA lakSya vedha kara pAtA hai / bhASA kA sAmarthya usakI zakti hai / isIlie AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne zabda-zaktiyoM ko AlocanA kA kabhI na cukane aura cUkane vAlA astra kahA hai / isa zabdazakti para jitanA gahana vivecana bhAratIya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai / isalie maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki paurastya cintaka aparimeya sambhAvanAoM ke sAmAnya pratimAna de gae haiN| nayA prasthAna usakA vizeSIkaraNa aura bodhagamya vivaraNa hai| 'cayana' paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM se kisI eka kA cayana hai| kAraNa, usameM rUr3ha artha se atirikta artha dene kI kSamatA hai / yaha atirikta artha sandarbhagamya sampreSya ko saMvAda kI bhUmi para pahu~cA detA hai| vicalana yA vipathana mAnaka bhASA ke niyamoM kA soddezya atikramaNa hai, atirikta artha prApta karane ke lie / yahI bAta 'samAntaratA' yA 'sAdRzya' aura 'viralatA' ke lie kahI jA sakatI hai / kAvya kI sarjanAtmaka bhASA 'atirikta artha' cAhatI aura detI hai / dhvani siddhAnta isa atirikta artha para hI bala detA hai / dhvanikAra kahatA hai : "pratIyamAnaM punaranyadeva vastvasti vANISu mahAkavInAm / yattatprasiddhAvayavAtiriktaM vibhAti lAvaNyamivAGganAsu // "(1/4) sarjakoM kI bhASA meM yaha atirikta artha pratIyamAna artha hai aura vaha rUr3ha artha se bhinna hai / ThIka usI prakAra jaise sarvasAmAnya kI dRSTi meM AnevAle aMgoM se tadAzrita atirikta lAvaNya / kAvyabhASA kA yaha saiddhAntika pakSa hai| isa nikaSa para prastuta kRti kI bhASA kA vyAkaraNasammata tathA kAvyasammata parIkSaNa bhI karanA cAhie / isa pakSa se bAta karate samaya kucha sImAoM aura vivazatAoM ko dRSTigata na rakhA jAya to kRtikAra ke sAtha samucita nyAya nahIM hogA / una sImAoM meM se eka yaha hai ki racayitA mUlata: kannar3abhASI hai aura saMskRta ke mAdhyama se hindI kI ora AyA hai| tIsarI bAta yaha ki jisa prakAra kI anubhUti kI indradhanuSI AbhA se bhASA meM kAvyocita bA~kapana phUTatA hai, vItarAgatA ke kAraNa usa para A~ca AI hai / aisA nahIM hai ki usameM usa indradhanuSI AbhA se bhASA ko maNDita karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai, para vaha udhara se virakta hai / kSamatA kA Akalana karanA hI ho to unake prakRti varNana ke prasaMgoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai| laukika jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM ke jvAra-bhATe yahA~ haiM nahIM aura alaukika zAnta kI pAryantika dazA avarNanIya hai / phalataH vivazatApUrvaka upAya pakSaparaka saMgharSa kA citraNa yA varNana mAtrA meM adhika hai| zAstrakAvya hone ke kAraNa saMvAdoM
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________________ 1xx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kI bhASA meM saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ko ukerane para prAtibha saMrambha z2yAdA hai / ataH ye sImAe~ bhASAgata kAvyocita AbhA ke pUrNa prasphuTana meM Ar3e AtI haiN| katipaya prayoga vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi meM saMskAra cyuta ho sakate haiM, jaisA ki AlocakoM lakSita kiyA hai / racayitA kI eka aura pravRtti hai aura vaha hai nirvacana kI / camatkAra paryavasAyI hone para yaha kuvalayAnandakArasammata nirukti alaMkAra bhI bana jAtA hai, para vaisA na hone para vaha mAtra praur3hi pradarzana hai| vizeSakara saMkhyAparaka saMyojana kA camatkAra akAvyocita kutUhala meM paryavasita hotA hai / ye kucha sImAe~ Alocya kRti kI bhASA kI ho sakatI haiM, para usakI kucha upalabdhiyA~ bhI haiM jinheM naz2araandAz2a nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / racayitA kI bhASA sambandhI sImAoM kA ullekha sAmAnyataH Upara kiyA jA cukA hai, ata: usake vistAra meM maiM nahIM jAnA cAhatA / yahA~ bhASA sambandhI unakI upalabdhiyoM kI carcA kI jAyagI / kRti kI bhASA tatsama bahula pariSkRta hindI hai / isameM zAstravizeSa kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI bhI hai aura isakA kAraNa saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM kA upasthApana hai / nizcaya hI isa kAraNa sAmAnya pAThaka - jo isa darzana aura usakI pAribhASika zabdAvalI se aparicita hai - kaThinAI kA anubhava karegA aura kevala kAvyabhASA kA rasika thor3A bicakegA / itanA to spaSTa hai ki prastuta kRti meM kaI prakAra ke sthala haiM - (1) bhAvasikta tathA saundaryabodha maNDita prakRti ke varNanAtmaka sthala (2) bhAvasikta sthala (3) vaicArika mAnyatAoM se garbhita sthala (4) sAmAnya varNanaparaka itivRttavAhI sthala tathA anyavidha / sarvAdhika kAvyocita bhASA prathama prakAra ke varNanAtmaka sthaloM kI hai jisakA ullekha pahale bhI kiyA gayA hai| prakRti varNana ke prasaMga pUrvArdha meM hI haiM - prAta: varNana, zizira, vasanta evaM grISma Rtu varNana, saritA varNana Adi / uttarArdha meM bhI sthiti vizeSa ke varNana upalabdha haiN| ina sthaloM kI bhASA raMgIna hai| inameM racayitA kabhI-kabhI santajanocita lakSmaNa rekhA ko lA~gha bhI jAtA hai / yahA~ kalpanA bhI hai aura zabda - sAmarthya bhI; dhvanyAtmakatA, lAkSaNikatA aura upacAra- vakratA bhI; vicalana, sAdRzya, cayana aura samAntaratA bhI; AlaMkArika rujhAna, bimba aura pratIka bhii| abhiprAya yaha ki bhASA ko kAvyocita banAne ke sabhI saundarya srota / isase racayitA kI kSamatA kA bhI patA calatA hai / abhiprAya yaha ki usameM kAvyabhASA kI guNAtmaka kSamatA hai, mAtrAtmaka prAcurya na ho, yaha bAta bhinna hai / Arambha se hI caleM / kRti kA prArambha prAta: kAla ke ramaNIya varNana aura saritA varNana tathA dArzanika saMvAda se hai - mA~ dharatI aura beTI saritA taTa kI mUkamATI / isameM kaI khaNDa citra haiM, sabako jor3akara prAta: kAla kA manorama citra ubharatA hai / nizA kA avasAna hai, uSA apanI aruNimA meM pratiSThita hai / nirabhra ananta meM nIlimA vyApta hai aura nIce nIravatA chAI huI hai| isa virAT citra ke bAda kalpanA umar3a par3I hai aura aprastuta bimba-vidhAna kI zrRMkhalA ba~dha gaI hai| prathama aprastuta bimba-vidhAna meM prastuta itanA hI hai ki aruNAbha prabhAkara maNDala prAcI meM udita hai / isa para kalpanA jo aprastuta kA bimba banA hai, vaha hai eka aise zizu kA, jo tandrita avasthA meM apane mukhamaNDala para mA~ kA aruNavarNI A~cala DAle hue a~gar3AiyA~ le rahA hai| bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI dRSTi se yahA~ prastuta se aprastuta kI vyaMjanA ho rahI hai, ataH samAsokti alaMkAra hai / bhAnu kA mAnavIkaraNa to hai hii| isI varNana meM eka dUsarA bimba hai / varNana vahI prAta:kAlIna aruNAbha prAcI dizA kA hai / bimba aprastuta jo kavi kI kalpanA meM ubharatA vaha hai eka aisI nAyikA kA jisane apane sira se pallA haTA liyA hai aura khulA huA sImanta siMdUrI dhUla se raMjita hai| usakI yaha raMgIna rAga kI AbhA barabasa sahRdaya kI A~khoM ko apanI ora khIMca letI hai / racayitA ko yaha mudrA bhA gaI hai| yahA~ vItarAga santa ke bhItara kA anAsakta saundaryadarzI racayitA mukhara ho uThA hai| isI prakAra jahA~ eka ora prabhAkara kI kiraNoM se saMspRSTa nimIlanonmukha kumudinI para yaha kalpanA hai mAno kulIna patnI para-puruSa ke hAthoM ke sparza se bacane ke nimitta Atmagopana kara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxi rahI hai aura paMkhuriyoM kI oTa meM apanI sarAga mudrA ko chipA rahI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora adhakhulI kamalinI bhI parapuruSa cA~da kI cA~danI taka kA sparza karanA anucita samajhatI hai, isIlie apanI A~kheM banda kara rahI hai / kavi isa nimIlana meM kAraNa batA rahA hai ki IrSyA jo na karA de, aura vaha bhI strI- paryAya meM to usakI sakriyatA aura bar3ha jAtI hai / isa samagra ukti se jo saundarya ubharatA hai usameM samAsokti aura arthAntaranyAsa kI saMsRSTi kArya kara rahI hai| yahA~ sAmAnya se vizeSa kA samarthana bhI hai| eka agalA bimba leM / candramA asta ho rahA hai, tArikAe~ AsamAna se eka-eka karake haTa rahI haiN| isa para kavi kI kalpanA yaha hai ki jaba tArApati haTa rahA hai to chAyA kI bhA~ti anugamana karane vAlI usakI patniyA~ bhI pIche-pIche isa bhaya se bhAgI calI jA rahI haiM ki kahIM parapuruSa prabhAkara apane phailate hue hAthoM se unheM chU le / isa ukti ko eka koNa se dekheM to tArikAoM ke sahaja lupta hone meM akAraNa kI kAraNa rUpa se parikalpanA hai, phalataH hetUtprekSA hai to dUsarI ora se usameM eka bimba kI parikalpanA bhI hai / mAnavIkaraNa to hai hI / isa prakAra yahA~ bhI ekAdhika alaMkAroM kI saMsRSTi kahI jA sakatI hai / varNanAtmaka sthaloM ke kAvya saundarya kI carcA pichale pRSThoM meM bhI kI jA cukI hai / ata: una sthaloM ke kAvyocita saundarya srotoM kI bAnagI lene ke bAda samprati 'bhAvAsikta prasaMgoM ko liyA jAya ora dekhA jAya ki unameM Antarika bhAvadhArA kI abhivyaMjanA kitanI zakta aura kSama ho cukI hai / anubhUti ke gahare ehasAsa meM snAtabhASA kI dIpti dekhanI ho to ghaTa kI antarvyathA kI mA~ ke samakSa kI jAne vAlI abhivyakti ko dekheM / usake varNa-varNa vedanAsikta haiN| isameM 'vairAgya' yA nirveda kI to vyApaka abhivyakti hai hI, jisameM nityAnityatva kA 'viveka' bhI garbhastha hai| isa karmabandha se utpanna duHkharAzi se mukta hone kA 'autsukya' bhI vyaMjita hai / abhiprAya yaha ki aneka saMcArI bhAva sthAyI nirveda kI kroDa meM unmajjana- nimajjana karate hue bhASA ko dIpti pradAna karate haiM / dvitIya khaNDa meM jahA~ prasaMgAt vibhinna rasoM kI vyaMjanA kA prasaMga AyA hai, vahA~ bhI rasocita padazayyA aura anurUpa vibhAva - anubhAva kA saMyojana bhASA ke samucita saMyojana meM paryApta prabhAvI bana par3A hai / bhayAnaka aura bIbhatsa ke bolate citra dekhe jA sakate haiM : "itanA bar3A guphA - sama / mahAsattA kA mahAbhayAnaka / mukha khulA hai jisakI dAr3ha-jabAr3a meM/ siMdUrI A~khoM vAlA bhaya / bAra-bAra ghUra rahA hai bAhara, jisake mukha se adha-nikalI lohita rasanA / laTaka rahI hai aura/jisase Tapaka rahI hai lAra / lAla-lAla lahU kI buuNdeN-sii|" (pR. 136) isI prakAra mUrtimAn bIbhatsa kA citra dekheM : jisa banatA hai| " nAsA bahane lagI prakRti kI / / kucha gAr3hA, kucha patalA kucha harA, pIlA milA - / mala nikalA, dekhate hI ho ghRNA !" (pR. 147) aisI kAvyocita citrabhASA ina prasaMgoM meM vidyamAna hai / kahIM-kahIM sthiti-vizeSa kA citra bhAvavihvala hokara aisA sahaja aura AlaMkArika udbhAvanAoM se uphana par3A hai ki racayitA kI kalpanA-zakti kI dAda denI par3atI hai / prasaMga hai cauthe khaNDa kaa| seTha samAgata samAdRta satpAtra guru ke samakSa apanI vyAkulatA bharI jijJAsAe~ rakhatA hai aura unakI ora se samAdhAna milatA jAtA hai, isa taraha : "" "seTha kI zaMkAyeM uttara pAtIM / phira bhI ... (pR. 349) mudrA seTha ghara kI ora jA rahA hai, usakA varNana upamAoM ke 'apRthagyatnanirvartya' avirala pravAha meM par3ha
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________________ lxxii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kRti ke pR. 349 se pR. 352 taka ke aMza paThanIya haiN| eka aMza dekheM: "jala ke abhAva meM lAghava / garjana - gaurava - zUnya varSA ke bAda mauna / kAntihIna - bAdaloM kI bhA~ti choTA-sA udAsIna mukha le / ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha N" / " (pR. 349) prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA zakti kAphI urvara hai, yaha kahanA anAvazyaka hai| cauthA sandarbha saMvAdoM se bharI 'vicAra pravaNa bhASA' kA hai| yaha sahI hai ki saiddhAntika mAnyatAe~ saMvAdoM se bharI par3I haiN| unakI yojanA hI isIlie hai tathApi ve pAribhASika zabdAvalI se itanI bojhila nahIM haiM ki eka sAmAnya prabuddha sahRdayaka pAThaka kI pakar3a se bAhara raha jAya~ / saMkalpAnusAra jahA~-tahA~ apane prasthAna ke vicAra - garbha pAribhASika pada aura vAkya taka yahA~-vahA~ A gae haiM, jinheM kAvyazAstrI 'apratItatva' doSa se grasta mAnate haiN| eka bAta hai ki racayitA svayaM jAnatA hai ki vaha jinako kendra meM rakhakara vyutpatti kA AdhAna karane ke nimitta likha rahA hai ve sAmAnya pAThaka bhI ho sakate haiM / ata: jaba vaha aisI koI bAta rakhatA hai taba eka bAra kaha lene ke bAda bhI zabdAntara se use aura spaSTa karatA calatA hai / yaha sahI hai ki kAvya zAstra nahIM hai, para kAvya vicArazUnya hotA hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai / vicAroM kI rezamI Dora jitanI majabUta hogI, bhAva ke paiga utane hI lambe jA sakate haiN| eka udAharaNa leM : " isa para atithi socatA hai ki / upadeza ke yogya yaha nahI sthAna hai, na samaya/tathApi / bhItarI karuNA umar3a par3I sIpa se motI kI bhA~ti/pAtra ke mukha se kucha zabda nikalate haiM : 'bAhara yaha / jo kucha bhI dikha rahA hai / so maiM nahIM hU~ aura vaha / merA bhI nahIM hai...|" (pR.344-345) yaha eka dArzanika vaktavya hai, so subodha bhI hai aura durbodha bhI / matalaba yaha ki vicAragarbha sthaloM kI bhASA zAstra kI durbodha aura vyAkhyAgamya bhASA nahIM hai| bhASA jaba anubhUti se phUTatI hai aura anuvAda kI nahIM hotI, taba subodha hotI hai| bhASA kA pA~cavA~ sandarbha 'ghaTanAoM ke dhArAvAhika varNanAtmaka prasaMgoM' kA hai| cauthe khaNDa kA uttarArdha isakI prayogasthalI hai / yadyapi vicAra - garbha saMvAdoM kI yojanA se zUnya vaha bhI nahIM hai / ye varNana itivRttAtmaka paddhati para abhidhA bhASA meM haiM para kAvyAtmaka banAne kA prayAsa vahA~ bhI rahatA hai, dekheM : - saMhitA hotI hai / mAnA, daNDoM meM antima daNDa/ prANadaNDa hotA hai / " (pR. 430 - 431) "uddaNDatA dUra karane hetu / daNDa-2 aisI AnuprAsika yojanA pAThaka ko khIMcatI hai| ghaTanA varNana kI bhASA kA prasaMga hai, ata: eka udAharaNa : " tatkAla vidita huA viSadharoM ko / viplava kA mUla kAraNa / parivAra nirdoSa pAyA gayA / jo / iSTa ke smaraNa meM lagA huA hai, gajadala saroSa pAyA gayA/ jo / ziSTa ke rakSaNa meM lagA huA hai / " (pR. 430) antyAnuprAsa yukta abhidhAmayI sapATa bhASA hai / alaMkAra prayoga, dhvani aura vakratA - garbha bhASA ke tamAma udAharaNa rakhe jA sakate haiM, para bhUmikA kI eka lakSmaNa rekhA hai, usake bAhara bhI nahIM jAnA hai| sAtha hI sampAdita saMkalana meM isa viSaya para vistRta nibandha milege / ataH lekhanI virata ho rahI hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxiii bhASA para vicAra karane ke sandarbha meM racayitA kI eka viziSTa pravRtti kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| samIkSakoM dRSTi isa tarapha gaI hai aura isa para mahAkAvyocita gambhIratA ke sAtha khilavAr3a kI bAta kahI gaI hai, vizeSakara jahA~ 9 saMkhyA ko lekara guNAbhAga kA pradarzana huA hai / dvitIya khaNDa meM kumbhakAra svanirmita ghaTa para kucha saMketaka rekhAe~, aMka aura citra banAtA hai / unhIM meM yaha ki ghaTa ke karNasthAna para AbharaNa kI bhA~ti pratIta hone vAle 99 tathA 9 ke aMka aMkita haiM / saMkhyAoM kA yaha aMkana tattvodghATaka hai jisakA vivaraNa racayitA ne mUla meM diyA hai| behatara hotA yadi yaha guNAbhAga kAvya ke bhItara se haTAkara pAda-TippaNI meM alaga se rakha diyA gayA hotaa| I racanAkAra saMskRta se hindI kI ora AyA hai / 'paMcazatI' - gata zatakoM meM usane ekAkSarI koza kA camatkAra pradarzita kiyA hai / vahI vRtti sandarbhavaza yahA~ bhI jahA~-tahA~ udgrIva ho gaI hai| yaha pravRtti grantha kI bhASA meM Adyanta prayukta dekhI jA sakatI hai / avasarocita artha prAyaH vyutpattipUrvaka nikAle gae haiN| para kahIM-kahIM usakI prauDhokti bhI hai| 'sAre-ga-ma-pa-da-ni' meM 'dha' kI jagaha balAt 'da' rakha diyA gayA hai tAki avasarocita artha saMgati lagAI jA sake / 'kumbhakAra', 'niyati, 'puruSArtha, 'duhitA', 'abalA', 'nArI', 'mahilA', 'kalA' evaM 'gadahA' Adi yadi eka taraha ke udAharaNa haiM to 'dayA- yAda, 'caraNa cara na' tathA 'na raca', 'dharaNI-nIradha', 'ho... ...rA...rA... "hI', 'rA kha kha rA', 'AdamI' A-damI' ityAdi dUsarI taraha ke haiM / 'za' 'sa' - 'Sa' kI vyAkhyA eka tIsarI vRtti ke udAharaNa haiM / kuvalayAnandakAra ne eka 'nirukti' nAmaka alaMkAra kI carcA kI hai jo camatkArI nirvacana para samAdhRta hai / yogazakti se nAmoM kI, jo bhinna artha meM pracalita haiM, arthAntara nikAlA jAtA hai| yaha sahI hai ki mahAkAvya kI gambhIravRtti se yaha camatkArI aura kutUhalatarpaka vRtti mela nahIM khAtI, tathApi mahAkaviyoM kI paramparA meM bhI isake darzana hote haiM / yaha yA aise prayAsoM ke pIche nihita uparyukta vRtti ke hI kAraNa ina prayogoM ko adhamakAvya ke antargata kahA gayA hai| Anandavardhana to inheM Akara sAmya se aupacArika rUpa meM hI kAvya mAnA hai / B ina saMkalita lekhoM meM do-tIna pustakAkAra nibandha bhI samAviSTa haiN| 'mUkamATI' sahita AcAryazrI ke vipula vAGmaya para tIna darjana se adhika zodhastarIya kArya bhI ho cuke haiM / ina bRhatkAya tathA laghukAya nibandha aura prabandhoM meM 'mUkamATI' se sambaddha aneka binduoM aura pakSoM para eka sImA meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai jinheM pariziSTa meM diyA gayA hai / yadyapi dArzanika aura kAvyapakSIya bahuvidha pakSoM para ukta prayAsoM se prakAza milatA hai tathApi mahAkavi kI racanAoM meM sambhAvanAoM kI parateM ni:zeSa nahIM hotIM / Anandavardhana ne mahAkavi kI pahacAna batAte hue kahA hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI zabdazca kazcana / yatnataH pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArtho mahAkaveH // " dhva. pra. u. /8 mahAkavi ke zabdArtha yatnapUrvaka puna: puna: anusandheya hote haiM, unake artha ke ananta AkAza meM prAtibha pakSa kI zakti ke anusAra pAThaka kA pakSI nirAvadhi ur3a sakatA hai| isalie kahanA yaha hai ki jina binduoM para prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai aura jitanA jo kucha zodhakoM ne apane zodhagrantha meM saMkalita kiyA hai, unake atirikta aura bhI aneka pakSa sambhAvanAoM se saMvalita haiM, una para bhI Age kArya honA caahie| udAharaNArtha : 1. 'mUkamATI' kA zabda sAmarthya - abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA Adi 2. 'mUkamATI' kI prAtibha vicchitti aura bhaMgimAe~ 3. kAvyazAstrIya vibhinna sampradAya aura 'mUkamATI' kA vastu aura rUpa pakSa 4. 'mUkamATI' aura vartamAna ke jIvanta sandarbha - racanAkAra kA yugabodha 5. 'mUkamATI' meM vyApta racanAkAra kA vyAvahArika aura vyavahArAtIta cetanA - vitAna 6. 'mUkamATI' meM pU~jIvAda, AtaMkavAda tathA anya vighaTaka pravRttiyoM kA saMketa aura unakI niSedhyatA
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________________ 1xxiv :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 7. 'mUkamATI' meM lokamaMgala aura AtmamaMgala ke vividha saMketa, sAdhana aura samAdha 8. vividha bhAratIya darzanoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' meM nirdiSTa darzana kI ApekSika aura tulanAtmaka vizeSatA kA nirUpaNa 9. 'mUkamATI' meM kramAgata bhaMgimAe~ aura navAviSkRta camatkArika bhaMgimAe~ 10. 'mUkamATI' meM pAtroM kI manodazAoM kA manovijJAna ke Aloka meM vivecana 11. zAnta rasa kI pakSa-pratipakSa pUrvaka sthApanA aura 'mUkamATI' meM usakI niSpatti kI prakriyA kA vistRta vivecana 12. hindItara vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM nibaddha mahAkAvyoM ke sAtha 'mUkamATI' ke tulanAtmaka vaiziSTya kA Akalana 13. pAzcAtya pratiSThita mahAkAvyoM ke sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' kA vaiziSTya nirdhAraNa isa prakAra abhI bhI aura sambhAvita bindu vicArArtha lie jA sakate haiM aura khoja ke nae-nae dvAra udghATita kie jA sakate haiM / T yaha prabandha kAvya apanI saMyojanA meM sarvAMga abhinava prayoga kA sAhasa lekara sahRdayoM kI sabhA meM upasthita huA hai, ata: usa para taraha-taraha kI pratikriyAe~ AI haiM aura AtI raheMgI / prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' para isI prakAra nirantara pakSa-pratipakSa banate rahe para Aja vaha eka chAyAvAdI mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho hI gaI hai / kAla ke nirmama nikaSa para yaha bhI kasA jAyagA, yadi apanI prANavattA isameM hogI to nissandeha mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM ise bhI jagaha milegI yA yaha svayaM apanI jagaha banA legaa| nae prayAsa ko jame hue logoM ke bIca apanI sthiti sudRr3ha karane meM samaya lagatA hI hai / isa sandarbha meM kavikulagurU kAlidAsa kI ukti yAda AtI hai| : "purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvaM na cApi kAvyaM navamityavadyam / santaH parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante mUDhaH parapratyayaneyabuddhiH // "" santa ve hI haiM, sahRdaya samIkSaka ve hI haiM jo ba~dhI-ba~dhAI lIka nahIM pITate aura svayaM vivekapUrvaka parIkSA karake nirNaya lete haiM ki kRti kahA~ taka grAhya yA agrAhya hai / antataH nirNaya aise hI loga deMge, isa vizvAsa ke sAtha yaha lekhanI yahIM virAma letI hai| punazca, prastuta kRti isa rUpa meM susampAdita hokara kabhI bhI na A pAtI, yadi munivarya zrI abhayasAgarajI kI ananya niSThA, aTUTa zrama aura durlabha dhairya kA kAMcana kiMvA pArasa saMsparza na miltaa| jisa truTi parihAra, pariSkAra aura samucita sudhAra kI bATa johate varSoM bIta gae aura usa cunautI ko uThAne vAlA koI nahIM dikhA, usa samaya munizrI ne svayaM isa gurutara bhAra ko uThAne kA adamya saMkalpa liyA / prasiddha zloka hai : "prArabhyate na khalu vighnabhayena nIcaiH, prArabhya vighnavihatA viramanti madhyAH / vighnai: puna: punarapi pratihanyamAnAH, prArabhya uttamajanA na parityajanti // " 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni' - zreya: sampAdana meM vighna Ate hI haiN| Urdhvagamana meM adha:karSaka zaktiyA~ sakriya hotI hI haiM / yaha jAnakara nimnakoTi ke loga vighnabhIta hokara zubhakArya kA Arambha hI nahIM karate / madhyama koTi ke sAdhaka Arambha to kara dete haiM parantu vighnoM se pratihata hokara madhya meM hI virata ho jAte haiM / ve sAdhaka uccakoTi ke haiM jo bArabAra vighnavita hone para bhI Arabdha ko chor3ate nahIM haiM, pratyuta use abhISTa gantavya bindu taka le jAkara rukate haiN| munivarya zrI abhayasAgarajI aise hI uttamakoTi ke sAdhakoM meM parigaNita kie jaaeNge| itane anuyAyiyoM aura anudhAviyoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxv ke bIca yahI eka siddhasAdhaka dIptaprabha nakSatra kI bhA~ti sakriya ho uThe jinhoMne cirapratIkSita cunautI ko grahaNa kara vartanIzodhana tathA samasta pANDulipi kA punarIkSaNa kara Arabdha ko sampannatA pradAna kii| unake bhakti-nirbhara athaka prayAsa aura samarpaNa bhAvanA se avaziSTa kArya sampanna huA / isalie sampAdaka ke nAte maiM unheM namana karatA huuN| tIna khaNDoM vAle isa grantha ke sampAdana kA kAryabhAra pahale vidvadvara DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave, naI dillI ko diyA gayA thA aura unhoMne bar3I AsthA aura niSThA ke sAtha apanA uttaradAyitva nibAhA, para akAla meM kAlakavalita ho jAne ke kAraNa kArya bIca meM hI ruka gyaa| tadanantara Arabdha ke nirvAha kA dAyitva ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ko milA / aura zrI sureza sarala, jabalapura ke dvArA sthApita vyavasthA meM sthagita kArya puna: prArambha huA / dubArA santoSaprada vyavasthA meM yaha kArya kiyA gyaa| prAsAda ke nirmANa meM ghaTakoM kI vibhinna starIya tathA vibhinna sthAnIya ghaTanA hotI hai / kucha ghaTaka zikhara para hote haiM. kacha antarAla meM aura kacha nIMva meM par3e rahate haiM jisakI ora logoM kA dhyAna nahIM jA paataa| isa kArya meM kacha sArasvata upAsakoM kA bhI yogadAna sahAyaka ke rUpa meM hai unameM DaoN. ramezadatta mizra, pUrva prAcArya, zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara kA ullekha Avazyaka hai| unhoMne apane sAtha DaoN. zakuntalA caurasiyA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, . zAsakIya kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya-sAgara, DaoN. saralA mizrA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara evaM DaoN. rAjamati divAkara, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA, hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara ko rakhA thA aura unhoMne eka sImA meM kucha kiyA bhI / jo kucha aura jitanA kiyA, etadartha una logoM ko sAdhuvAda / anta-anta meM premazaMkara raghuvaMzI, haradA ne bhI apanI sevAe~ dIM, tadartha unako bhI dhanyavAda denA ucita pratIta hotA hai| prAsAda ke prabandhana meM prabandha sampAdaka maNDalagata sarvazrI sureza sarala, pUrva mAnada janasamparka adhikArI, AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna,jabalapura; santoSa siMghaI, adhyakSa,zrI digambara jaina atizaya siddhakSetra kuNDalagiri, kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza; nareza divAkara (DI. ena.) vidhAyaka,sivanI; subhASa jaina (khamariyA vAle) sumata meDIkala sTorsa, sAgara ne akUta yogadAna kiyA hai| zrI saralajI ne lekhoM kA patrAcAra dvArA saMgrahaNa karAyA / zrI subhASajI kA sahayoga apratima aura zlAghya hai / vo saMghocita Atithya meM apanA uttaradAyitva nirantara jAgarUkatA se karate rahe haiM / ata: inake kAraNa cAhe sAgara ho yA nemAvara yA bilAsapura, sarvatra merI suvyavasthA sampAdita kI gaI, phalata: maiM apanA uttaradAyitva ThIka-ThIka apanI sImAoM meM nibhA sakA / zrI santoSa siMghaI kI bhI pratyakSa-apratyakSa sevAe~ milatI rhiiN| sAtha hI bhAgyodaya tIrtha, sAgara; dayodaya tIrtha, jabalapura ke kAryakartAoM Adi kA bhI yathocita sahayoga milA hai / ata: ina sabhI ko bhI maiM apanA sAdhuvAda denA ucita samajhatA huuN| ___AcAryazrI dvArA sthApita saMgha ke prati niSThAvAna, samarpaNazIla aura tyAgamUrti jina zrAvakoM kA isa punIta saMkalpa ke kAryAnvayana meM smaraNIya sahayoga rahA hai, ve haiM : zrI paMkaja jI prabhAta zAha, suputra zrImatI cintAmaNI jI dharmapatnI sva. savAI lAla jI mumbaI evaM zrI sundaralAla jI mUlacandajI, zrI kamala kumAra pavana kumAra agravAla jI evaM zrI saMjaya kumAra saMjIva kumAra jI meksa, zrI khemacanda jI indaura | sampAdaka aura prabandha sampAdakoM kI ora se inheM hArdika saadhuvaad| isa pANDulipi ke prakAzana meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke pUrva prabandha-nyAsI sva. sAhU ramezacandra jI ke sAttvika saMkalpa aura usake kAryAnvayana meM yogadAna denevAle unake Atmaja vartamAna prabandha-nyAsI zrI akhileza jaina ko sampAdaka kI ora se kRtajJatA jJApana ucita hai| isa sandarbha meM eka vAkya smaraNa AtA hai - 'kRtaghne nAsti nisskRtiH'| sampAdaka tathA munivarya zrI abhayasAgara jI ke isa punIta kArya nirvahaNa meM jo yogadAna hai - vaha to hai hI, para isakI sAMgopAMgatA meM jJAnapITha ke mukhya prakAzana adhikArI DaoN. gulAbacandra jaina ne jAgarUkatA dikhAI hai, tadartha hArdika
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________________ lxxvi :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAdhuvAda ke ve bhI satpAtra haiN| isa prakAra prakRta kArya meM pratyakSa-apratyakSa, sAkSAt-paramparayA jisane bhI, jo kucha sAhAyya pradAna kiyA hai ve sabhI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| vizeSakara kampyUTara meM TaMkaNa kA pUrA kArya sampanna karane vAle zrI dilIpa jaina 'guDDA', besTa kampyUTarsa, sAgara kA bahuta-bahuta dhanyavAda, jisake binA saba kiyA, na kiyA hI raha jaataa| ___ antata: AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke caraNoM meM praNati nivedita karatA hU~ jinakI kRpA aura jinake varadahasta kI chAyA yadi na milatI to yaha saba kabhI bhI sambhava na ho paataa| sAre prAsAda nirmANa meM inhIM kI kRpA sugandha kI taraha adRSTigocara hotI huI bhI vyApta hai / unakI kRpA kA AkhyAna zabdAtIta hai / vaha kevala gur3a kI miThAsa kI bhA~ti anirvacanIya hai / zubha kArya meM vighna Ate hI haiM, para AcAryazrI kA amogha AzIrvacana tathA muni zrI abhayasAgarajI kI saMkalpa dRr3hatA se sAre vighna nizzeSa ho ge| aura vartamAna sthiti isI sabakI vAsantika pariNati hai / ata: unheM puna: -puna: namana karatA huA apanI lekhanI ko virAma pradAna karatA hU~ / rAmamUrti tripAThI pRSTha para isI kArya hetu-- - ... sulajhAte-sulajhAne
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA prathama khaNDa viSayAnukrama udbhAvanA 'mUkamATI' : zabda se zabdAtIta taka jAne kI yAtrA (vArtAlApa) pAtanikI (sampAdakIya) anukrama 1. 'mUkamATI' : gUr3ha cintana kI sahaja abhivyakti 2. AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI': eka samIkSaNa 3. 'mUkamATI' kA kAvyarUpa evaM usakA saMskRta mahAkAvyoM se tulanAtmaka anuzIlana 4. hindI kA kAlajayI mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 5. 'mUkamATI': pravacana mahAkAvya 6. darzana kI kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti : 'mUkamATI' 7. 'mUkamATI' : eka rUpaka mahAkAvya 8. AdhyAtmika AdhAra vAlA pahalA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 9. zrI aravinda kI 'sAvitrI' aura AcArya vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' : eka tulanAtmaka dRSTi 10. 'mUkamATI': patita se pAvana banane kA sandeza (vArtAlApa) 11. 'mUkamATI' : eka anUThI kAvyA 12. 'mUkamATI' : yathArtha kI saccI kahAnI 13. kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa para 'mUkamATI' 14. 'mUkamATI' kI antardhvani 15. 'mUkamATI' : kAvya aura adhyAtma kA saMgama ghATa 16. kAvya kI mATI aura mATI kA kAvya : 'mUkamATI' 17. AtmacetanA kA samyak sAhityika pravAha : 'mUkamATI' 18. 'mUkamATI': mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pahacAna sAhU akhileza jaina DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI viSNukAnta zAstra DaoN. bhagIratha mizra AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI padmazrI yazapAla jaina DaoN. vizvambhara nAtha upAdhyAya zivakumAra zrIvAstava DaoN. nagendra pro. (DaoN.) vijayendra snAtaka DaoN. devakInandana zrIvAstava mukeza nAyaka javAhara lAla darDA pro. (DaoN.) mAjadA asada DaoN. mahendra sAgara pracaNDiyA pro. (DaoN.) sUrya prasAda dIkSita pro. (DaoN.) prema sumana jaina pro. (DaoN.) cakravartI AcArya (DaoN.) harizaMkara dube pro. (DaoN.) umA mizra V Vii XXV 12 deg 27 30 32 34 34 35 8 3 8 5 F 43 46 47 50 53 62 67
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________________ lxxviii :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 19. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM varNita nArI viSayaka avadhAraNA : nArI eka-rUpa aneka 20. mRttikopaniSad hai 'mUkamATI' 21. nayI kavitA se alaga : 'mUkamATI' ___ 'mUkamATI' kI mahimA 23. nIti, darzana aura adhyAtma kA grantha : 'mUkamATI' 24. Adhunika yuga kI manusmRti aura gItA : 'mUkamATI' 25. 'mUkamATI' : eka soddezya mahAkAvya 26. 'mUkamATI' : divya mAnava kA apratima kAvyAvadAna 27. mUkamATI ke mamatIle svaradAtA : AcArya vidyAsAgara 28. 'mUkamATI' : dharA kI anugUMja 'mUkamATI' : satya patha se vimukha janoM ko vicAra dene vAlA kAvya 30. zreSTha sAMskRtika mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 31. 'mUkamATI' : kAvya rUpa ke bahAne sphuTa vicAra 32.. zabdoM kI paribhASAoM ke zilpI : AcArya vidyAsAgara 33. kAvya aura adhyAtma kA anUThA saMgama : 'mUkamATI' 4. jaina darzana para AdhArita pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 35. 'mUkamATI' meM prazAsanika evaM nyAyika dRSTi __'mUkamATI' : zreSTha AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya - AcArya vidyAsAgara kI bahujJatA - 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke sandarbha meM 38. 'mUkamATI' : Atmika ArohaNa kI hiraNyamayatA 39. Adhunika hindI kAvya kI apratima upalabdhi : 'mUkamATI' 40. 'mUkamATI' meM yuga-bodha kA citraNa 41. udAtta bhAva-muktAoM kA sAgara hai 'mUkamATI' kAvya 42. 'mUkamATI' : adhyAtma kA eka jIvanta dastAvez2a 43. hindI sAhitya kA gaurava grantha : 'mUkamATI' 44. 'mUkamATI': svAnubhUtimayI racanAdharmitA kA paryAya 45. bhAratIya saMskRti kA paryAya : 'mUkamATI' 46. 'mUkamATI' : eka smaraNIya mahAkAvya 47. 'mUkamATI' : kAvya, darzana aura adhyAtma kI anyatama upalabdhi 'mUkamATI' : bhAratIya sAhitya kI anupama kRti 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA kA anUThA evaM ullekhanIya mahAkAvya 50. 'mUkamATI' : eka udAtta kRti 51. 'mUkamATI' : Agama yuga kI anuyogavihIna paramparA kA navalekhana jIvana aura darzana kI sArthaka abhivyakti kA mahAkAvya - 'mUkamATI' 53. udAtta sAdhanA kA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' : eka dRSTi DaoN. saroja guptA Ananda ballabha zarmA 'saroja' DaoN. (zrImatI) kRSNA raiNA DaoN. ravIndra bhramara DaoN.premasAgara jaina DaoN. paramezvara datta zarmA DaoN. ena. candrazekharana nAyara DaoN. sUrya nArAyaNa dvivedI pro. (DaoN.) padmazrI lakSmI nArAyaNa dube DaoN. zekhara candra jaina DaoN. dayA prakAza sinhA pro. (DaoN.) sItArAma jhA 'zyAma' pro.premazaMkara raghuvaMzI DaoN. ramezacandra jaina DaoN. umA pANDeya DaoN. bhAnudeva zukla sureza jaina DaoN. phaiyAz2a alI khA~ DaoN. zrIcandra jaina DaoN. janArdana upAdhyAya DaoN. braja bhUSaNa zarmA DaoN. bhAnu kumAra jaina DaoN. yogendra nAtha zarmA 'aruNa' DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI pro. zIla candra jaina DaoN.rAjamaNi zarmA DaoN. dAmodara pANDeya DaoN. rAma prasAda mizra DaoN. ke. ela. jaina DaoN. zrIrAma parihAra pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda ahiravAla 'jyoti' 276 paM. akSaya candra zarmA DaoN. DI. ke. jaina DaoN. hukumacanda rAjapAla DaoN. umAzaMkara zukla
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: lxxix 307 312 314 319 322 339 348 386 387 389 54. Adhunika hindI kAvya-sAhitya kI viziSTa upalabdhi : 'makamATI' 55. 'mUkamATI' : saMgrahaNIya evaM cintana-manana ke yogya uttama kAvya kRti 56. 'mUkamATI' : eka jIvanadarzI kAvya 57. hindI kA gaurava grantha : 'mUkamATI' 58. 'mUkamATI' meM abhivyakta samAjavAdI vicAra evaM dalitotthAna ke svara 59. 'mUkamATI' : hindI kA navInatama mahAkAvya 60. 'mUkamATI' : yuga cetanA ke svara 61. 'mUkamATI' meM vyaMgya-vinoda 62. hindI sAhitya meM eka naI kar3I jor3ane vAlA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' 63. 'mUkamATI' kA mukhara sandeza 64. 'mUkamATI' : rASTrIya cetanA kA anta:svara 65. nArI aura jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara 66. 'mUkamATI' kI zabda-sAdhanA 67. 'mUkamATI' : mAnava jIvana kA kalpavRkSa / jaina dharma-darzana aura sAhitya kA amara koza : 'mUkamATI' 69. 'mUkamATI' : AdhyAtmika cintana kA rasa paripAka 70. 'mUkamATI' jIvana darzana kI anubhUti 71. 'mUkamATI' kI mukhara cetanA 72. 'mUkamATI' ke zabda sAdhaka pratyayoM kA mUlyAMkana 73. 'mUkamATI' : mAnava jIvana ke antarbAhya dvandvoM kA saTIka citraNa 74. 'mUkamATI' : lIka se haTakara pratibhA kA paricaya dene vAlI racanA 75. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka samIkSAtmaka avalokana 76. 'mUkamATI' aura bhAratIya adhyAtma ke caraNa : siMhAvalokana 77. 'mUkamArTI' meM mAnavIya bodha 78. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI apUrva upalabdhi 79. bhAratIya sAhitya kI anUThI upalabdhi : 'mUkamATI' 80. 'mUkamATI' : prayogavAdI kAvya paramparA kI nayI kar3I 'mUkamATI' : Atmika UrdhvArohaNa kI mahAgAthA 82. 'mUkamATI' : manuSya kI yathA-kathA 83. 'mUkamATI' : andhakAra se prakAza kI ora le jAne vAlA mahAna grantha ___ 'mUkamATI' : jIvana kA vijJAna 85. 'mUkamATI' : antazcetanA kA mahAkAvya 86. cintana-pradhAna viziSTa kAvyakRti : 'mUkamATI' 87. 'mUkamATI' : prajJA kA mahAkAvya 88. tattva darzana se bharI-pUrI kavitA ko sameTe 'mUkamATI' 89. 'mUkamATI' : sampUrNa jIvana darzana kA sAra 90. 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI bar3I upalabdhi DaoN. mAlatI jaina pro. (DaoN.) chabinAtha tivArI DaoN. ra. vA. bivalakara prAdhyA. DaoN. (zrImatI) muktA siMghela .. DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI' DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla ajJAta DaoN. bAlendu zekhara tivArI 353 DaoN.rAma kizora zarmA -356 DaoN. sureza candra tyAgI 361 DaoN. Ara. ela. esa. yAdava DaoN. niz2AmuddIna DaoN. sureza candra jaina DaoN. esa. pI. mizra DaoN. rAjakumAra pANDeya evaM DaoN. gaNeza zukla 381 DaoN. rAjendra raMjana caturvedI DaoN. nareza bhaTTa kezava rAvata zrImatI mithileza kumArI DaoN. paramezvara solaMkI 404 DaoN. omaprakAza gupta prophe. (DaoN.) AzA guptA 409 DaoN. (zrImatI) maMjuavasthI 414 DaoN. brajeza kumAra dvivedI 423 DaoN. pavana kumAra jaina 433 DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa bAlA aror3A DaoN. mahendra kumAra sAhU 439 DaoN.gaNeza khare bazIra ahamada mayUkha mAnava muni DaoN.rAmacandra mAlavIya 448 nava bhArata (dainika), nAgapura (mahArASTra) 450 DaoN. vedaprakAza amitAbha DaoN. rAmakumAra caturvedI 'caMcala' kailAza candra panta 458 sampA. digambara jaina mahAsamiti patrikA 460 DaoN. vIrendra kumAra dube 401 407 436 440 444 447 452 454 461
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________________ Ixxx :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 91. 'mUkamATI' eka amUlya dharohara : 92. Acharya Vidyasagar's: MOOKMATI (Mute-mud) 93. 'mUkamATI' saptaka - : 94. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya vizva sAhitya kI anupama kar3I 95. 'mUkamATI' graMtha paricaya : pariziSTa : prathama 96. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva, jIvana-darzana aura racanA saMsAra pariziSTa : dvitIya 97. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja : vyaktitva, sRjana evaM zodha- sandarbha pariziSTa : tRtIya 98. lekhakoM ke pate zrImatI ArAdhanA jaina Jaikishandas Sadani DaoN. choTe lAla zarmA 'nAgendra' ena. zAntAdevI pradIpa zahA AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI 463 465 474 476 479 483 523 550 10
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________________ 'mUkamATI': : gUr3ha cintana kI sahaja abhivyakti viSNukAnta zAstrI munipravara AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kI avirala bhAvadhArA meM avagAhana eka sAtha yathArtha, adhyAtma tathA kAvya rasa kI alaukika anubhUti karAtA hai| yaha AcAryajI kI adbhuta kAvya cetanA evaM karuNa saMvedanA hI hai jisane 'mATI' jaisI sAdhAraNa-sI dikhAI par3ane vAlI vastu ko viSaya banAkara eka aise rUpaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai, jo mAnava jIvana ke Arambha se lekara usake saMgharSamaya pariSkAra tathA utkarSa taka kA atyanta sUkSma, vizada evaM hRdayagrAhI cintana prastuta karatA hai / nirIha mATI kI mUka vedanA aura mukti kI AkAMkSA ko AcAryajI ne kevala jaina darzana ke dharAtala para hI nahIM balki sanAtana bhAratIya manISA ke anurUpa abhinava kAvyAtmaka zailI meM vANI dI hai| miTTI kA kumhAra, cAka evaM A~vA~ se saMsarga tathA antata: kalaza athavA kumbha meM pariNata honA, svayaM meM hI mAnava ke vikAsa kI kathA ko rUpAyita karatA hai / kathA jaisI rocakatA ko nirantara banAe hue, mAnava mana ke saMgharSa tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko tarkapUrNa DhaMga se kAvyAtmaka saundarya ke sAtha prastuta karane vAlI yaha nissandeha eka anUThI kRti hai / prakRti ke vibhinna upamAnoM kA sundara chAyAvAdI citraNa evaM unase saMvAda tathA zabda lAlitya evaM varNa vinoda ke dvArA gUr3ha cintana kI sahaja abhivyakti isa mahAkAvya kI aisI vizeSatAe~ haiM, jo ise advitIya banAtI haiM / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mUlataH mahAn jaina muni evaM santa haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki sukha-duHkha, pApa-puNya aura nyAya-anyAya kI anekAneka visaMgatiyoM ke dvandva ke bIca bhI kavi kA mUla svara mAnava mAtra ke kalyANa kA hI rahA hai: O " saMhAra kI bAta mata karo, / saMgharSa karate jAo ! hAra kI bAta mata karo, / utkarSa karate jAo !" (pR. 432) "yahA~ saba kA sadA, / jIvana bane maMgalamaya ! / chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala - bhAva, / saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho / guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM / " (pR. 478) adhyAtma aura kavitA donoM ko paga-paga para gumphita karatI huI 'mUkamATI' jaisI sazakta kRti dekara AcArya vidyAsAgara ne na kevala bhaktoM evaM sAdhakoM para mahAn upakAra kiyA hai balki hindI sAhitya ko bhI abhUtapUrva samRddhi pradAna kI hai / aisI anamola kRti ke racayitA paramapUjya AcAryajI kA abhinandana evaM vandana karate hue maiM prabhu se prArthanA karatA hU~ ki ve parama yazasvI hoM aura apanI kalyANamayI vANI se hama sabako nirantara lAbhAnvita karate raheM / pRSTha 28 hA~! aba zilpI ne ..... ahaMkAra kA vamana kiyA hai!
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________________ AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' : eka samIkSaNa DaoN. bhagIratha mizra 'mUkamATI' eka vaicArika, AdhyAtmika aura naitika tattvoM se yukta saMvAda mahAkAvya hai / paramparAgata mahAkAvya kI kasauTI para to yaha kharA nahIM utaratA, yadyapi isake prastavana' meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne ise mahAkAvya siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, para vaha kevala bAhyAkAra-prakAra kI paimAiza hai - antaraMga bhAvAndolana aura jIvana kA sAkAra saMvedya dRSTigAmI rUpa isameM nahIM milatA aura vaha isake racanAkAra kA lakSya bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha zramaNa saMskRti ke anurUpa bhI nahIM baiThatA / AcArya munivara vidyAsAgarajI kI yaha racanA jar3a pAtroM meM cetanA kA jAdU bharakara khar3I kI gaI hai aura ina pAtroM ke pratIkoM ke bahAne isameM paramparAgata tyAga, parizrama, niSThA, samarpaNa, sahiSNutA, dhairya, sAhasa jaise naitika guNoM kA vizleSaNa aura vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka bar3A kSINa aura pratIkAtmaka hai / isake pAtra prAya: sabhI prakRti ke jar3a padArtha haiM, para ve cetana ke rUpa meM vArtAlApa karate haiM aura eka prakAra se jIvana ke cetana pAtroM ke pratIka haiN| yaha kSINa kathAnaka hI bIca-bIca meM dArzanika aura naitika vicAroM, AdhyAtmika bhAvanAoM tathA sAdhanA prakriyAoM ke vivaraNa ke bharAva se cAra sau pRSThoM se adhika kA vistRta kAvya bana gayA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki AdyopAnta vizada varNanoM aura saMvAdoM meM kavi dRSTi kA prAdhAnya hai / kathAnaka kA saMkSipta rUpa isa prakAra hai- prabhAta velA meM manda-manda gati se saritA baha rahI hai| usI samaya usake taTa kI mRdu mATI mA~ dharatI se kaha rahI hai: 'maiM patitA, pada-dalitA huuN| hamArI unnati kaba hogI? hamArA mArgadarzana kro|' isa para mA~ dharatI kahatI hai ki 'sattA zAzvata hotI hai / vaha utthAna-patana kI agaNita sambhAvanAoM ko janma detI hai| saMgati ke sAtha vyakti aura vastu kA rUpa badalatA hai| bAdaloM se girane vAlA ujalA jala miTTI kA saMsarga pAkara kIcar3a bana jAtA hai, vahI jala vRkSoM kI jar3oM meM jAkara harI-harI pattI, phUla aura phala banatA hai| ye sambhAvanAe~ tujhameM haiN| tUne apane ko patita kahA hai aura laghutama mAnA hai, ata: nizcaya hI tU prabhu, gurutama kA sAnnidhya prApta kregii| terA bhalA sAdhanA se hI hogaa| dharatI kI yaha bAta sunakara mATI kahatI hai ki mA~ ! mujhe aba rAstA mila gyaa|' dharatI bolI : 'beTA ! acchA huA ki merA Azaya tumhAre bhItara utara gyaa| kala ke prabhAta se tumhArI yAtrA Arambha hogii| zilpI AegA, tamheM patita se pAvana krne| usI ke dvArA tamhArA jIvana gauravamaya bnegaa| usa ke sAtha, zilpakalA para apanI yAtrA kA sUtrapAta karanA hai tumheN|' mATI pratIkSA karane lagI, usa prabhAta kI, jisameM zilpI aaegaa| pratIkSA kara hI rahI thI ki maMgala ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hone lagIM / uchalatA huA mRga bAe~ se dAhine jA rahA thA / use AzA ba~dhI, tabhI use apanI ora bar3hate hue zramika caraNa dikhAI par3e / mATI phUlI na smaaii| Ane vAle zramika caraNa eka dRr3ha saMkalpI - kuzala zilpI mAnava ke the, jisakA zilpa kaNa-kaNa ke rUpa meM bikharI mATI ko nAnA rUpa pradAna karatA hai / apanI saMskRti ko vaha vikRta nahIM hone detaa| vaha kuzala zilpI kumbhakAra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / vaha AyA aura oMkAra ko namana kara mATI kA saMskAra karane lgaa| usane kudAlI se mATI khodI, usako borI meM bharA aura gadahe para laadaa| phira mATI ko chAnA gyaa| usameM mile kaMkara-patthara bIne ge| alaga hone para kaMkara zilpI se kahate haiM : 'hameM mA~ se alaga kyoM kara rahe ho ?' zilpI ne uttara diyA : 'mRdu mATI se, laghu jAti se merA zilpa nikharatA hai, jabaki kaThora kaMkaroM se vaha bikharatA hai / tuma itane dinoM mATI ke sAtha raha kara usase AtmasAt na hue, usase ghula-mila na paae| tumameM to jala-dhAraNa kI bhI kSamatA nhiiN| mATI meM to bIja bone se phasala AtI hai, jisase sRSTi palatI hai, ata: mATI garimAvAn hai / tumameM ve guNa nahIM haiM, ata: tuma usake sAtha nahIM raha skte|' tatpazcAt mATI bhigoI gaI / usameM jala milAne kI prakriyA meM mATI-machalI saMvAda hai / mATI ko rauMdakara usakA loMdA banAyA gyaa| usameM hatheliyoM ke thaper3oM se snigdhatA lAI gii| isI bIca upadeza ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI rasoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 3 kA vivecana hai| phira cAka para car3hAkara kumbha banAyA gyaa| thApI kI coTa dekara use suDaula kiyA gyaa| jaba vaha sundara kumbha ke AkAra meM Dhala gayA, taba usa para aneka prakAra kI citrakArI kI gii| isI prasaMga meM bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya sabhyatAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / kumbha bana jAne para A~vA~ taiyAra kiyA gayA / usameM Aga lagAI gii| pahale dhuA~ uThA, kumbha ko dhUma kA bhakSaNa karanA par3A / phira agni meM tapanA pdd'aa| yaha usakI agni parIkSA huii| vaha paka kara taiyAra ho gyaa| zilpI ke zilpa se kumbha meM adbhuta zakti AI / usa kumbha ko seTha kA sevaka kumbhakAra se prApta karake pUjA ke lie le gyaa| vahA~ use dhokara pUjA ke lie susajjita kiyA gayA / kesara mizrita candana se use citrita kiyA gyaa| se kaNTha ra~gA gyaa| kaMkama kA lepa kiyA gyaa| haldI, kaMkama, kesara, candana se kambha kA nayA saundarya nikhara aayaa| usake mukha para pAna aura zrIphala rakhe ge| isa prakAra taiyAra kara mAMgalika kumbha aThapahalU candana kI caukI para rakhA gyaa| phira caityAlaya meM sthApita prabhu kI pUjA ke lie seTha gyaa| usake uparAnta prAMgaNa meM Akara atithi ke svAgata (par3agAhana) ke lie maMgala kumbha lekara khar3A huA / vahIM para pAsa meM apane-apane gharoM ke sammukha bahuta se anya loga bhI svAgata (par3agAhana) ke lie khar3e the| koI svarNa kalaza, koI rajata kalaza, koI tAmra kalaza aura koI pItala ke kalaza lie hae thaa| seTha ne atithi kA svAgata (par3agAhana) kiyaa| atithi ke Ate hI A~gana tathA pAsa-par3osa me khar3e janasamUha ne jayaghoSa kiyA / AhAra ke pazcAt seTha ne atithi se AzIrvAda kI prArthanA kI tAki hama Apake mArga para caleM aura apane astitva ko pahacAna sakeM, aisA hamArA mArgadarzana kIjie / atithi ke mu~ha se zabda nikale : 'jo kucha dikhatA hai, vaha maiM nahIM huuN| mujha meM jAnane-dekhane kI zakti hai / usI kA sraSTA huuN| sabhI kA draSTA huuN|' __ itanA kahakara ve cala par3e aura unake pIche seTha bhI / seTha pUchatA hai-'kAla kI kasauTI para kaise kharA utarU~?' guru kA uttara hai, AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI puruSArtha hai|' seTha parivAra sameta harSita hokara raha rahA thaa| use pAtradAna se santa samAgama prApta huaa| kumbha nItivAkya kahatA hai| sabako anubhava hotA hai ki kumbha ke kAraNa hI santa kA milana huA / isI bIca meM mAnava sabhyatA kA vizleSaNa karate hue jIvana kI kucha upayogI bAteM kahI gaI haiN| taba samIpastha sone kA kalaza kucha apanI bAteM kahatA hai aura mATI kA kumbha apanI baateN| lambA kalaza - kumbha saMvAda kulIna aura nimna varga kA saMvAda hai / anya kalazoM ke sAtha bhI kumbha kA saMvAda vistAra se hotA hai jisameM sabhI kalaza mATI ke kumbha kI ha~sI ur3Ate haiN| isa para seTha du:khI huaa| tApa aura saMtApagrasta hokara vaha asvastha ho gyaa| cikitsA-vizArada vaidya Ae, para lAbha nahIM huA / antata: kumbha ke kahane para prAkRtika cikitsA huI / chanI mATI kA loMdA banAkara sira para rakhA gyaa| peTa para aura nAbhi ke nicale bhAga para bhI / mATI ke upacAra se seTha nIroga huA aura yaha saba thA kumbha kA camatkAra / isa bAta para kumbha ke dvArA dhAtu kalazoM kA upahAsa bhI huaa| dhAtu kalazoM ne upahAsa se uttejita hokara AtaMkavAda kA sahArA liyA / avAMchita tattvoM ne seTha kA ghara ghera liyA / para kumbha kI salAha se seTha saparivAra bAhara nikala bhAge / mArga meM siMhoM, vyAghroM, gajoM, ajagaroM Adi se bacate hue seTha kI rakSA huii| seTha nirdoSa siddha hue| para kumbha ne kahA, 'abhI lauTanA nahIM hai| AtaMkavAda gayA nahIM hai| usase saMgharSa karanA hai|' Age bar3hane para mArga meM nadI aaii| kumbha ke sujhAva para usake gale meM rassI bA~dhakara dUsarA chora apanIapanI kaTi meM bA~dha kara sabhI nadI pAra karane lge| nadI se seTha ne kahA ki yadi dharA kA AdhAra nahIM milatA to tumhArA astitva aura gati hI na hotii| isI para tumhArA jIvana nirbhara hai| bIca nadI meM tUphAna AyA, AtaMkavAdI dala kI nAva ulaTI / seTha saparivAra eka-dUsare ko sahArA dete hue kinAre gyaa| vaha vahI kinArA thA jahA~ se kumbhakAra ne mATI lekara ghaTa kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| kumbhakAra prasanna huA, apanI racanA kI gauravamaya gAthA ko sunakara / usa samaya mA~ dharatI ne mATI se kahA- 'kumbhakAra yA zilpI kA saMsarga sRjanazIla jIvana kA Adima sarga hai / jisakA saMsarga milA, usake prati samarpaNa dvitIya sarga hai| samarpaNa ke bAda parIkSAoM aura agni parIkSAoM ko utsAha aura sAhasa ke sAtha sahana karanA tRtIya sarga hai| parIkSA ke bAda UrdhvamukhI hokara svAzrita kA visarga antima sarga hai tathA svayaM
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________________ 4 : : mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko nisarga karanA, yaha sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga hai / ' kathAnaka ke ina kSINa tantuoM para dArzanika, sAmAjika evaM naitika vicAroM, udAtta mUlyoM aura sAMskRtika bhAvanAoM kA rUpa-raMga car3hAkara eka bhAvAtmaka, vicAra pradhAna, AdhyAtmika pratIka kAvya kA tAnA-bAnA bunA hai / jIvana kI naitika zikSA, AdhyAtmika vicAra, pavitra tapaH pUta jIvana kI preraNA se yaha kAvya pUrNatayA sampanna hai, para eka prabandha kAvya kI bhA~ti jIvanta kathAnaka aura Andolita kara dene vAlI bhAvanAoM tathA jaTila-viSama paristhitiyoM ke jhakajhorane vAle jhaMjhAvAta kA isameM abhAva hai| rasa aura bhAva vyaMgya hote haiM, vAcya nhiiN| hameM amuka se prema hai yA amuka ko dekhakara ha~sI AtI hai yA bhaya lagatA hai - aise kathanoM se zRMgAra, hAsya yA bhayAnaka rasoM kI sRSTi nahIM hotI, ve to paristhitiyA~ hotI haiM, jinameM DUbakara pAtra sajIva banatA hai aura bhAvoM kI gaharI anubhUti meM DUba jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya yA prabandha kAvya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha eka AdhyAtmika, pratIkAtmaka saMvAda kAvya hai / paramparAgata rUpa meM prabandha kAvya na hotA huA bhI 'mUkamATI' eka viziSTa pratIka kAvya hai| isameM dharatI aura usakI sabase laghutama ikAI mATI kI mahimA kA varNana hai| mATI ke sambandha meM yaha kavi kA mauna cintana hai / isameM dharatI kI dhAraNazIlatA, sahanazIlatA, kSamAzIlatA aura udAratA ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| usI dharatI kA sabase mahattvapUrNa aMza mATI hai / isameM mRdutA hai, jisameM ucita saMsarga pAkara vividha rUpa dhAraNa karane kI ananta sambhAvanAe~ haiN| usase kalaza, kumbha Adi aneka prakAra ke pAtra banate haiM tathA usase khilaune, vibhinna AkRtiyA~, vividha mAnava aura devamUrtiyA~ banatI haiM aura usI se dIvAleM aura ghara bhI banate haiM tathA pake pAtra aura pakI IMTeM nirmANa aura sarjanA kI asaMkhya kalpanAoM ko sAkAra karate haiM / parantu isa sRjanazIlatA ke atirikta usameM adbhuta urvaratA hai| sabhI bIja dharatI kI mATI meM surakSita rahate haiM aura jala kA saMsarga pAkara aMkurita ho jAte haiN| AkAza meM jaise nakSatroM kA nivAsa hai, vaise hI dharatI kI mATI meM bIjoM kA nivAsa hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne likhA hai : "yathA bhUmi saba bIja maya, nakhata nivAsa akAsa / rAmanAma saba dharmamaya, baranata tulasIdAsa // " yaha 'rAma nAma', oMkAra kA hI eka rUpa hai / 'om' nirguNa hai aura rAma saguNa haiM / urvaratA ke sAtha-sAtha mATI meM upacAra kI bhI adbhuta zakti hai jisase manuSya nIroga hotA hai / isake atirikta mATI avinazvara hai, kyoMki jar3a vastue~ aura cetana prANI sabhI antatogatvA mATI meM mila jAte haiM, sUkhI lakar3I ko dImaka mATI banA detI hai, gobara tathA mRta jIva-jantu sabhI mATI ho jAte haiM, para mATI, mATI hI banI rahatI hai| sabhI kA anta mATI meM hI hai / tabhI kahate haiM : "mATI kahe kumhAra soM, tU kyA raude mohi / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM rauMdUMgI tohi // ' kabIra satya hI kahate haiM / usI mATI ke gaurava ko isa grantha meM ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| -- isa kAvya grantha meM kevala do pAtra pramukha rUpa se haiM, jo cetana haiM para ve bahuta kama bolate haiM - ve haiM seTha aura zilpI / zeSa sabhI pAtra jar3a haiM aura ve sabhI khUba bAta karate haiN| unhIM ke mAdhyama se jIvana kI aneka upayogI bAteM aura mATI ke mahattva kI vizada vyAkhyA isa kAvya meM prastuta kI gaI hai| isa grantha ko par3hane se socane-vicArane kI nirantara preraNA milatI hai / yaha eka gambhIra cintanaparaka kAvya hai / yadyapi isake par3hane se sabhI bAteM spaSTa ho jAtI haiM, phira bhI hama Age isa kAvya ke kucha mahattvapUrNa vinduoM kA ullekha kara rahe haiN| sabase pahale hama pratIka prayoga ko lete haiN| yoM to pUrA kAvya hI pratIka hai, kyoMki mUkamATI zramazIla, kAryaniSTha, apane ko nimna samajhane vAle jana samudAya kA pratIka hai, jo vaha saba kucha sahatA jAtA hai, jo prAkRtika rUpa se hotA rahatA hai, yA phira jo zAsana, prazAsana aura uccastha zrImanta vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai evaM usake
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 5 viruddha na kucha kahatA hai aura na kucha karatA hai| phira bhI sArI khetI-bArI kA kAma, kala-kArakhAnoM meM zramakArya, U~ceU~ce bhavanoM, sar3akoM, relamArgoM kA nirmANa kArya vahI jana-sAmAnya mUkabhAva se karatA hai, jinake zrama se prApta aura nirmita vastuoM kA sabhI upabhoga karate haiN| parantu isa mUlabhUta pratIka ke atirikta bhI aneka pratIka haiN| jaise maNimuktA kA pratIka jo sthitaprajJa kA pratIka hai| koI use boroM meM bharakara le jAe yA tijoriyoM meM rakhe athavA AbhUSaNoM meM usakA prayoga kare, vaha sadaiva eka bhAva rahatI hai - cAhe koI usakI prazaMsA kare yA nindA / kavi kathana hai : "boriyoM meM bharI gii|/smmaan ke sAtha aba jA rahI hai rAja-prAsAda kI ora"/mukta-kaNTha se prazaMsA ho rahI hai,/para mantra mugdhA ho sunatI kaba use ?/mudita-mukhI mahilAoM ke / saMkaTa-hAriNI kaNTha-hAra banatI!/dvAra para Agata abhyAgatoM ke sara para hAtha rakhatI,/tAraNahAra toraNadvAra banatI, isa para bhI vaha/unmuktA muktA hI rahatI ahaMbhAva se asaMpRktA muktA"!" (pR. 221) isI prakAra eka anya pratIka zvAna aura siMha kA hai / zvAna nIca aura duSToM kA pratIka hai, jabaki siMha udAtta bhAvanA vAloM aura vIra puruSoM kA / ina donoM kI vizeSatAe~ batAI gaI haiN| isa sambandha kI kucha paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM / isa prasaMga meM yaha bhI kaha denA Avazyaka hai ki yaha zvAna aura siMha kA citraNa kumbha ke Upara huA hai, jisane ina paMktiyoM ko prerita kiyA / usa tulanA kI katipaya paMktiyA~ ye haiM : "donoM kI jIvana-caryA-cAla/paraspara viparIta hai| pIche se, kabhI kisI para/dhAvA nahIM bolatA siMha, ...parantu, zvAna sadA/pITha-pIche se jA kATatA hai, ...svAmI ke pIche-pIche pU~cha hilAtA/zvAna phiratA hai eka Tukar3e ke lie| siMha/...apanI svatantratA-svAbhimAna para/kabhI kisI bhA~ti A~ca Ane nahIM detA vaha !/aura zvAna/svatantratA kA mUlya nahIM samajhatA, ...zvAna ke gale meM jaMjIra bhI/AbharaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| ...zvAna-sabhyatA-saMskRti kI/isIlie nindA hotI hai/ki vaha apanI jAti ko dekha kara/dharatI khodatA, gurrAtA hai| siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai|" (pR. 169-171) isI prakAra kumbha para aMkita kachuvA aura kharagoza ke pratIkoM kI bhI tulanA kI gaI hai| kumbha para aMkita 'hI' aura 'bhI' akSaroM ko ekAntavAda' aura 'anekAntavAda' kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra 'hI' ko pazcimI sabhyatA kA evaM 'bhI' ko bhAratIya saMskRti kA pratIka mAnakara kahA gayA hai : " 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna daSTi se para ko 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, ...'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa| rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, rahege Age bhI / ... 'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai|" (pR. 173)
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________________ 6 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isI prakAra anya aneka pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana kI nItiyoM aura AcaraNoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jIvana ke bahuta se tattvoM kA vivecana isa grantha meM saMvAdoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| yoM to choTe-moTe aneka saMvAda haiM, parantu pramukha saMvAda tIna haiM- prathama, dharatI- mATI saMvAda; dvitIya, bAdala - sUrya kA saMvAda aura tRtIya kumbhakalaza saMvAda / grantha kA prArambha hI dharatI aura mATI saMvAda se hotA hai mATI ke yaha kahane para ki maiM svayaM patitA hU~, adhama pApiyoM se padadalitA hU~, tiraskRta hU~, duHkha se mukta hU~, ataH merA yaha jIvana unnata hogA yA nahIM ? Age bar3hane kA upAya batA do mA~ ! dhRti-dhAriNI dharatI kahatI hai- 'beTA! sattA yA astitva zAzvata hai / rahasya meM par3I gandha saMsarga aura anupAna se sajaga ho uThatI hai| taba jaisI saMgati milatI hai vaisI hI mati aura pragati hotI hai| tUne apane Apako patita aura laghutama mAnA hai, isase siddha hotA hai ki tUne apane ahaM ko tyAga diyA hai| isase tujhe gurutama ko pahacAna anukUla dizA meM bar3hanA hogaa| aba tumhArA mArga prazasta hai| zilpI AegA aura tumhArI ananta sarjana sambhAvanAoM ko ujAgara karegA / ' kRpA se bAdala aura sUrya kA saMvAda ApasI bahasa jaisA hai| donoM apanI-apanI vizeSatAoM kA bakhAna karate haiM aura eka-dUsare kI burAI prakaTa karate haiN| parantu dharatI aura mATI ke lie donoM kI upayogitA hai, kyoMki donoM kI hI dharatI harI-bharI aura lahalahI rahatI hai / kumbha aura kalaza kA saMvAda pratIkAtmaka rUpa dhAraNa kie hai| kumbha, sAmAnya nimnakoTi ke sAdhanahInajanoM kA pratIka hai, kyoMki vaha sAdhAraNa mUlyahIna mATI kA banA huA hai, jabaki kalaza sone, cA~dI, tA~be aura pItala ke bane haiM, ata: ve ucca samRddha varga ke pratIka haiN| ye kalaza usakI ha~sI ur3Ate haiN| kumbha meM tapasyA aura agni parIkSA kI duhAI detA hai para una para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA / anta meM jaba seTha bImAra hotA hai, taba mATI kA kumbha hI upacAra batAtA hai- gIlI miTTI kA aura seTha ThIka hotA hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya kI vijaya pradarzita kI gaI hai / parantu saMvAdoM ke tarka pUrNatayA zAstrIya (ekeDamika) yA vakIlAnA DhaMga ke haiM / anta ke niSkarSa bhI bahuta jIvanopayogI nahIM jAna par3ate / hA~, anya aneka sthaloM para sAmayika sandeza prApta hote haiM / aneka prasaMgoM meM kahI bAteM Aja ke jIvana ke lie upayogI mArgadarzana yA anubhava ke rUpa meM nIti vAkya yA subhASita se lagate haiM / jaise kucha udAharaNa spaSTa karate haiM, jo Age uddhRta haiM : O O O O 66 'Aja patha dikhAne vAloM ko / patha dikha nahIM rahA hai, mA~ ! kAraNa vidita hI hai - / jise patha dikhAyA jA rahA hai vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM, auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai / " (pR. 152) " nirbala - janoM ko satAne se nahIM, / bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai / " (pR. 272 ) " darzana kA srota mastaka hai, / svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / / darzana ke binA adhyAtma - jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai/ para, hA~ ! / binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nahIM / ... adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai / darzana parAdhIna upanayana / " (pR. 288) " AtmA ko chor3akara / saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) "prAyaH bahumata kA pariNAma / yahI to hotA hai, pAtra bhI apAtra kI koTi meM AtA hai|" (pR. 382) uparyukta kathanoM kI vivecanA yA vyAkhyA kI AvazyakatA nahIM / ye svataH spaSTa haiM / jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM kA sAra hone ke sAtha-sAtha inameM jIvana mUlya bhI nihita haiM /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 7 'mUkamATI' meM prakRti ke varNana bar3e lubhAvane haiN| prakRti ko vibhinna vastuoM kA mAnavIkaraNa kara unameM eka ramaNIya AkarSaNa utpanna kara diyA gayA hai / badalI ko nArI rUpa meM prastuta karate hue kavi kahatA hai : "gajagAminI bhrama-bhAminI/dubalI-patalI kaTi vAlI gagana kI galI meM abalA-sI/tIna badalI nikala par3I haiN| dadhi-dhavalA sAr3I pahane/pahalI vAlI badalI vaha Upara se.../sAdhanArata sAdhvI-sI lagatI hai| rati-pati-pratikUlA-mativAlI/pati-mati-anukUlA gativAlI isase pichalI, bicalI badalI ne/palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I pahanI gulAba kI AbhA phIkI par3atI jisase,/lAla pagatalI vAlI lAlI-racI . padminI kI zobhA sakucAtI hai jisase / " (pR. 199-200) yahA~ badalI meM sundarI nArI kI zobhA dekhI gaI hai| isI prakAra prabhAva kA preraNAprada varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : "aNu-aNu kaNa-kaNa ye/vana-upavana aura pavana bhAnu kI AbhA se dhula gaye haiN| kaliyA~ khula khila par3IM/pavana kI ha~siyoM meM, chaviyA~ ghula-mila gaIM/gagana kI galiyoM meM, nayI umaMga, naye raMga/aMga-aMga meM nayI taraMga nayI USA to nayI USmA/naye utsava to nayI bhuussaa|" (pR. 262-263) vAstava meM isa kAvya grantha meM prakRti ke varNana bar3e manorama haiM, kyoMki kavi ke lie prakRti kA kaNa-kaNa cetana hai| use prakRti ke rUpa aura vyApAroM meM mAnavIya rUpa aura vyApAra pratibhAsita hote haiN| 'dhUpa' use bhAnu kI aMganA lagatI hai| kue~ se Upara jala ke sAtha AI huI machalI ke prasaMga meM usa dhUpa kA varNana isa prakAra hai : "bAlaTI vaha abAdhita/Upara AI- bhUpara/kUpa kA bandhana dUra huA machalI kA;/sunaharI hai, sukha-jharI hai/dhUpa kA vandana! pUra huA vaha sukha kA/dhUpa kI AbhA se bhAvita ho rUpa kA nandana vana |/dhuul kA samUha vaha/sindUra huA mukha kA machalI kI A~kheM/aba daur3atI haiM sIdhI/upAzrama kI ora'! . dinakara ne apanI aMganA ko/dina-bhara ke lie bhejA hai upAzrama kI sevA meM, aura vaha /Azrama ke aMga-aMga ko A~gana ko cUmatI-sI"/sevAnirata-dhUpa'!" (pR. 78-79) isa prakAra isa kAvya meM jahA~ bhI koI avasara milA, kavi ne prakRti kA mAnavIkRta sundara rUpa-varNana prastuta kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya par3hane para, sthAna-sthAna para kavi kI vANI kA camatkAra dekhane ko milatA hai / kahIM zabda prayoga meM komalA aura upanAgarikA vRttiyoM kI chaTA hai, to kahIM anuprAsa, yamaka aura zleSa ke prayoga kA camatkAra hai| bhASA para, zabdoM para kavi kA vilakSaNa adhikAra hai / eka tAla aura laya ke samAna dhvani vAle zabda jaise usake izAre para nAcate haiN| zleSa aura yamaka ke bhinna-pada prayoga bar3e mArmika haiM aura zabdoM kI naI vyutpattiyA~ prastuta karate haiN| uparyukta kathana udAharaNoM ke dvArA hI spaSTa hoMge, ata: kucha ke namUne nIce die jAte haiM : "aba to"/astroM, zastroM, vastroM aura kRpANoM para bhI
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________________ 8 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA m O 'dayA - dharma kA mUla hai' / likhA milatA hai // kintu, kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiM / ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa / hama meM kRpA na !" (pR. 73) "jahA~ kahIM bhI dekhA / mahi meM mahimA hima kI mahakI / " (pR. 91 ) "mana ke gulAma mAnava kI / jo kAmavRtti hai / tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai vahI sahI mAyane meM / bhItarI kAyaratA hai !" (pR. 94) isa prakAra zabda prayoga ke camatkAra, laya kI udAttatA, ojasvitA aura mAdhurya tathA bimboM kI saTIka sArthakatA ke sAtha yaha kAvya AdyopAnta mana ko cumbaka kI taraha tallIna rakhane vAlA hai tathA jIvana ko anubhavoM aura mAnavIya mUlyoM se pUrNata: sampRkta karatA rahatA hai / isa kAvya meM AdyopAnta dharatI kI garimA aura mATI kI mahimA kA varNana hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM : "dharatI kI dhavalima kIrti vaha / candramA kI candrikA ko lajAtI-sI dazoM dizAoM ko cIratI huI / aura bar3hatI jA rahI hai sImAtIta zUnyAkAza meM / " (pR. 222) isI dharatI para zUravIra, zrImAn, dhIra, santa, RSi, gRhastha, prabuddha jana utpanna hote haiM / yahIM taru-latA kisalaya-phUla aura phaloM kI samRddhi hotI hai / parvata, nadI, sarovara Adi isI para haiM / anna, dhAna aura maNi - mANikya isa dharatI kI upaja haiN| ata: vaha dharatI dhanya hai| mATI bhI isI kA aMga hai jisakI apAra mahimA hai| mATI kI goda meM hI anna, dhAnya, phUla, phala tathA aneka prakAra ke jIva-jantu palate haiN| mATI meM sarjanA kI ananta sambhAvanAe~ haiM / isakA dravya se nahIM, guNa aura dharma se A~kA jA sakatA hai jisameM mATI hara taraha se mahAn aura garimAmayI hai / isa prakAra mATI kI mahimA aura kumbha ke maMgalavAkyoM ke sAtha grantha kA upasaMhAra hotA hai| yaha saba bar3A preraka evaM mAMgalika hai| pRSTha 71 use nUtana jAla- bandhanakAla ke gAla meM kavalita hoMge hama ! -
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kA kAvyarUpa evaM usakA saMskRta mahAkAvyoM se tulanAtmaka anuzIlana AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI 'mUkamATI' : AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara Alocya kRti se Adyanta guz2ara gayA hU~ / kavitva aura cintana kA maNi - kAMcana yoga huA hai isameM / kAvya rUpa dRSTi se ise prabandha kAvya kahA jAyagA / kAraNa, kathA kA kSINakAya sUtra pUrvavartI khaNDoM meM bhI vidyamAna hai / antima khaNDa meM vaha avazya adhika mukhara huA hai / sampUrNa mRttikA - ghaTa kI AtmakathA pratIkAtmaka hai / doSAvRta mATI mAtA dharA se nivedana karatI hai ki vaha mukti - patha kA nirdeza kare, yAtrA ke lie apekSita pAtheya ke sAtha / bagala meM saritA sAgara kI ora unmukha apanI rau meM calI jA rahI hai| vaha apanI ekatAna-vRtti kyoM bhaMga kare ? mAtA to mAtA ThaharI / vaha AzvAsana detI huI kahatI hai ki saMsAra kA hara prANI aparimeya sambhAvanAoM kA AgAra hai, nisargata: sarvavidha aizvarya se sampanna hai / para anAdi durvAsanAvaza vibhAva se usakA svabhAva Dha~ka gayA hai| isI kusaMga kA phala use bhoganA par3a rahA hai| prasannatA isa bAta kI hai ki beTI mATI isa AvaraNa kI ora se saceta hai / dharatI kahatI hai : " asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI / satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA !" (pR. 9) I para itanA hI saba kucha nahIM hai / sabase pahale isa satya kA AghrANa lene ke lie AsthA kI nAsA anAvRta karanI hogI, phira : "sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM / svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa ! ... hA~! hA~ !! *** ise / khela nahIM samajhanA ... yaha sudIrgha kAlIna / parizrama kA phala hai, beTA !" (pR. 10-11 ) yaha rAstA bar3A hI picchila hai / nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI phisalatA hI hai, skhalana hotA hI hai, bar3I pratikUlatAe~ AtI haiM para AsthAvAn puruSa ke lie yaha saba varadAna hai - abhizApa nahIM / abhUtapUrva udbodhana se beTI mI Azvasta hotI hai| mA~ kA utsAha bar3hatA hai aura vaha DhAlane vAle kumbhakAra ke prati sarvAtmanA samarpita hone kI AjJA detI hai| prabhAta AtA hai andhakAra ke bAda / kumbhakAra - dharatI kA bhAgya-vidhAtA padhAratA hai| mATI apane ko sarvAtmanA zilpI ko samarpita kara detI hai| kumbhakAra sarjaka hai aura sarjaka vahI ho sakatA hai jisane aham kA visarjana kara diyA hai| jur3egA vahI jo mur3egA / mATI borI meM bharI jAtI hai, gadhe para lAdI jAtI hai, upAzrama meM lAI jAtI hai / zilpI bAlaTI kUpa meM DAlatA hai, jala nikAlatA hai| miTTI aura jala donoM chAne jAte haiN| miTTI kA sAMkarya vigalita hotA hai, usameM zuddhatA AtI hai aura mATI kA antas nirmala aura sarala ho jAtA hai| kathA ke pratyeka upakaraNa pratIka bana jAte haiM saccintana ke prabhAvI sampreSaNa ke / isa prakAra pahalA khaNDa pUrvArambha hai / dUsare khaNDa meM zilpI kA kArya Arambha hotA hai| vaha kuMkuma - sama mRdu mATI meM chanA nirmala jala milAtA hai aura alagAva se lagAva kI ora ekIkaraNa kA AvirbhAva Arambha hotA hai| isa sthiti meM puna: mATI aura kA~Te kI bAta calatI rahatI hai| mATI khodI jAte samaya eka kA~TA (zUla) kSata-vikSata hotA hai / mATI, phUla kI tulanA meM usa Ahata zUla kA pakSa letI hai aura bar3I upadezaprada bAteM kaha jAtI hai jisase zUla se badale kI bhAvanA nikala jaae| zUla bhI apane pakSa meM bahuta kucha kaha jAtA hai| zUla aura mATI kA saMvAda sunate hI zilpI bola uThatA hai : " khammAmi, khamaMtu me / " isa prakAra
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________________ 10 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA anekavidha cintana-garbha-kAvyocita ramaNIya saMvAdoM kI zrRMkhalA calatI hai / sAhitya kI hita-garbha vyutpatti aura nava rasoM kA prAsaMgika ullekha sarjaka kI kSamatA ke prakAzaka haiM / antata: zilpI se rauMdI jAkara, mRdula-mauna miTTI cakra para car3hakara kumbhakAra ke dvArA kumbha kA AkAra pAtI hai| tapana meM tapakara vaha pakkI ho jAtI hai| tIsare khaNDa meM yahI kathA Age bar3hatI hai / karmabhUmi dharatI kI mahimA agAdha hai / mATI aura kumbha usI kI UrdhvagAmI sAttvika sambhAvanA ke saMvAhaka haiN| isa dharatI kI parIkSA isalie hotI hai ki vaha mUlyoM ko jItI hai| mUlyoM ke jIne kI gaharI kImata cukAnI par3atI hai / jala hI nahIM, Upara sthita tapana aura sAgarastha bar3avAnala-bar3avAgni jala ko mathate aura rUpAntarita karate rahate haiM / jala kitanA bhI agni ke samparka meM khaula jAya, kintu agnizAmakatA kabhI nahIM chodd'taa| sabhI eka dUsare ko rauMdate haiM-pRthivI ko jala, bAdala; jala ko tapana-bar3avAgni; tapana ko rAhu; rAhu ko pavana / dharatI ina sabake bIca tapatI hai| vahI sIpa meM jala ko aura bAdala se jharI bUMda ko nIce vaMza ko, jala ko muktA meM badalakara grahaNa karane kI kSamatA detI hai / bAdala se girI muktA - varSA ko anadhikArI zakti ke rUpa meM lUTate haiM, anyAyapUrvaka asantulita arthavyavasthA phailAte haiN| 'sTAra-vAra' meM usakI pariNati hotI hai / racanAkAra isI anyAyI parigrahavRtti kA zamana samarpaNa se karatA hai| usakI A~kheM khulatI haiN| kumbhakAra ko svastha hote dekha kumbha kahatA hai : "parISaha upasarga ke binA kabhI/svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI/kAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266) kumbhakAra kumbha ke isa sAdhananirgata svara para Azvasta huA aura bolA : "aba vizvasta ho cukA hU~/pUrNata: maiM, ki pUrI saphalatA Age bhI milegii|" (pR. 266) isa para kumbha kahatA hai : "nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI caahie|" (pR. 267) kumbha kI ye paMktiyA~ bahuta hI jAnadAra, asaradAra siddha huI / - pUrvavartI tIna khaNDoM meM jo kathAsUtra idhara-udhara mur3atA huA zithila gati se bar3ha rahA thA, vaha cauthe khaNDa meM Akara pragAr3ha aura nirvahaNonmukha ho gayA hai / bAta yaha hai ki klAsikala nATakoM kI kathAvastu jaisI saMzliSTa aura phalonmukha kasAvaTa lie rahatI hai, mahAkAvyoM meM varNana tattva ke samAveza se vaisA sambhava nahIM hotA / yaha bAta mahAkAvya mAtra para lAgU hotI hai, kevala isI meM aisA huA hai, so nhiiN| zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne to isa kRti kI bhUmikA meM kaha hI diyA ki caturtha khaNDa apane Apa meM eka khaNDa kAvya lagatA hai| isa khaNDa meM kathAsUtra ko Age bar3hAte hue kahA gayA hai ki kumbhakAra avA meM paripakva kumbhoM ko harSollAsa se bAhara nikAlatA hai| nagara seTha svapnAnubhava se prerita hokara sevaka dvArA ghaTa ma~gavAtA hai aura svastika banAkara use sajAtA hai| zraddhAlu nagara seTha jalapUrNa ghaTa sAdhu ke AhAradAna ke sandarbha meM samarpita karatA hai / phalataH sAttvikatA pUrNa hRdaya meM cirabandhana se mukta hone kI kAmanA janma letI hai / pUrvavartI khaNDoM kI taraha bAta-bAta meM se bAta nikAlane kI vRtti yahA~ bhI ni:zeSa nahIM hai| aneka sat caryA ke prasaMga uThAe gae haiN| mukhya bAta yaha hai ki mattikA ghaTa ko mile isa mahattva para svarNa ghaTa kA aham phutkAra karatA hai ki use nAyaka ne sammAnArtha upayoga meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 11 kyoM nahIM liyA ? badale kI bhAvanA se vaha AtaMkavAdI dala ko nimantrita karatA hai, jo sarvatra trAhi-trAhi macA detA hai| seTha kI rakSA isa vipatti se prAkRtika zaktiyoM aura mAnavetara zaktiyoM ke sahayoga se hotI hai / AtaMkavAda Aja kI vikaTa samasyA hai| vaha alokamAMgalika nijI aura saMkIrNa svArtha kI tuSTi ke lie bhautika bala kA sahArA letA hai| kabhI-kabhI kucha siddhAntoM kI Ar3a meM bhI isa sA~pa kA khela dekhA jA sakatA hai / khaira, seTha kA sAttvikatAprada yuddha AtaMkavAda kA hRdaya parivartita karatA hai aura seTha ko bhI sAmAjika dAyitva kA bodha eka macchara se prApta hotA hai| kSudhA zAnti ke lie eka macchara evaM khaTamala usakA rakta pI lete haiM para pU~jIvAda to binA bhUkha ke cupacApa samAja kA raktapAna hI nahIM, rakta saMgraha baiMkoM meM karatA hai / z2arUrata samajhatA hai to apanI dAnavatA ke tAnAzAha kA nagna tANDava ho, isalie samudra meM phiMkavA detA hai| parivartita hRdayavAlA AtaMkavAda antata: pASANa zilA para AsIna vItarAgI muni kI vandanA karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki saMsAra cakra meM par3A jIva sukha pAtA hai, para kSaNika aura vinazvara / kadAcit, maru marIcikA kI bhA~ti usakI aprApti taka / prApta hote hI usakI duHkharUpatA ujAgara ho jAtI hai / vaha jijJAsA karatA hai ki avinazvara sukha kA, duHkhoccheda kA koI mArga ho to use bhI batAyA jAya / muni kahate haiM ki yaha mArga zraddhA aura vizvAsa kA mArga hai| binA samyak zraddhA ke isa mArga meM pA~va rakhanA nirarthaka hai / zAstra vacana para vizvAsa, AcArya nirdiSTa mArga meM AsthA aura tadanurUpa kAyika aura mAnasika ahiMsA AvaraNIya karmoM kA nAza kara degii| nirAvaraNa Atmacaitanya sukha sva-rUpa meM vibhAvoM ko haTAte hue svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho jaaygaa| isa prakAra mATI kA mUka bhAva lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA se mukhara hai| hamAre sAhitya ke AcArya kahate haiM ki kAvya bhI zAstra kI bhA~ti upadeza dekara pAThaka ko vyutpanna banAtA hai, usakI mati kI jar3atA kA vinAza karatA hai aura baddhi ko svaccha karatA hai tAki usameM ucita aura anucita kA viveka ho sake aura vaha vyavahAra tathA paramArtha meM apanI UrdhvamukhI, aparimeya sambhAvanAoM ko caritArtha kara sake / abhinava gupta, mahimabhaTTa aura mammaTa tathA hemacandrAcArya jaise kAvyazAstriyoM ne kAvya prayojana kA nirUpaNa karate hue isa satya ko doharAyA hai| isIlie kAvya ko kAntAsammitaupadeza kahA gayA hai / hara vyakti zAstra nahIM par3ha sakatA, para vyutpanna sabako honA hai / mRdu svabhAvavAloM ko vyutpanna karane kA mArga kAvyamArga hI hai| phira aise jaTila aura kleza grAhya vicAra ko kAvyAtmaka rUpa vahI de sakatA hai jisane use jIkara apane vyaktitva kA aMga banA liyA ho| kAvya vyaktitva kI abhivyaMjanA hI to hai, para aise vyaktitva kI jo svapara-bhAvanAkrAnta bhUmikA meM ho / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI viSaya rAga se rahita, para Atma rAga se ApUrita haiM, ata: tadanurUpa sarasa abhivyakti saMvAdoM aura varNanoM ke sahAre kara sakate haiN| vikalpa hai ki yaha zAstra hai yA eka kAvya hai? kyA satya ko sundara DhaMga se prastuta karane meM pratispardhI zabda aura artha kA sahabhAva yahA~ kalpanA hai aura kAvyocita zabdArtha sAmarthya / pAThaka par3hatA hai - sarasa kathA, vicAra garbha saMvAda, AkarSaka varNana aura pAtA vahI hai jo zAstra pratipAdya hai| bhAratIya saMskRti cAhe jo bhI mArga pakar3e para 'gantavya' eka hI hai- vibhAva parityAga pUrvaka svabhAva meM pUrNa avasthAna / eka hI gantavya taka le jAne vAlA kAvya bhI eka prasthAna bheda hI hai / zAstra se kAvya kA yahI antara hai ki zAstra anAsakta bhAva se upadeza detA hai, kAvya jIvana ke bhItara se use dhvanita karatA hai, isIlie usameM kucha aura' kI AbhA phUTa par3atI hai| sampUrNa racanA abhivyakti kI bhaMgimA se ApUrita hai / vaibhava ke cAkacakya ke khilApha sIdhI-sAdI mATI kI mUka kathA kA cunAva hI kitanA AkarSaka hai| jagaha-jagaha zabdoM kI vismayAvaha vyutpattiyA~ nitAnta camatkArakAriNI aura hRdayAvarjaka haiM / racanAkAra apane samaya kA kaNTha hotA hai / yuga sampRkti se samaya kI samasyAoM- sTAra-vAra, AtaMkavAda, pU~jIvAda, parigrahIvRtti,vinAzakArI aham kI gar3agar3AhaTa, zakti dvArA svarNa-muktA saMgraha pravRtti kA
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________________ 12 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAkSAtkAra aura usakA apane DhaMga se pAyA gayA nidAna Adi usakI racanA meM mukhara huA hai| anyathA, racanAkAra kI kyA vivazatA hai, aisI pIr3A se hokara guz2arane kI ? Aja hama AtaMkavAda ke nAza kA ekamAtra mArga damana mAnate haiN| vItarAgI muni se sAdhanA kI agAdha kSamatA kI hI bAta suna sakate haiN| dabAba se nahIM, sudhAra sva-bhAva se lAyA jA sakatA hai, yadi use sthAyI banAnA hai / seTha pU~jIvAdI aura parigrahI hai, svarNakalaza AtaMkavAda kI jar3a meM hai, bhItara se inheM badalane kI z2arUrata hai| badalAva hI asvAsthya se svAsthya kI ora le jAtA hai evaM vibhAva se sva-bhAva meM pratiSThApita karatA hai| eka muni se hama aura kyA AzA kara sakate haiM ? vaha niSedhAtmaka kI apekSA sAfa-sAfa vidheyAtmaka DhaMga apanAtA hai| jahA~ taka bhAratIya prabandha kAvya paramparA meM isake sthAna kI bAta hai - yaha unake madhya AtA hai jo zAstrakAvya haiM yA bahuta kaheM to ubhayakAvya haiN| rAjazekhara ne kAvya ke bheda batAte hue apanI 'kAvya mImAMsA' meM tIna bhedoM kI bAta kahI hai| kAvya-kAvya, zAstra-kAvya aura ubhayakAvya / rItikAlIna kAvya sekyulara poeTrI hai- aihika kAvya hai aura bhaktidhArA ke kAvya- AyuSmika kAvya haiN| 'rAmacaritamAnasa', 'padamAvata', 'vijJAna-gItA' prabhRti prabandha kAvya AyuSmika prabandha kAvya haiM jinake racayitAoM ne kAvya vyapadezocita saundarya ke nimitta pAramparika cetanA kA saMsparza Avazyaka mAnA hai / Adhunika kAla meM bhI dArzanika kAvya likhe gae haiM- 'jayabhArata', 'kAmAyanI', 'lokAyatana', 'anaMga', 'mahAbhAratI', 'RtambharA', 'kanupriyA' Adi / ina prabandhoM kI kathAvastu meM kahIM na kahIM dArzanika puTa vidyamAna hai / itanA avazya hai ki inameM kahIM vaiSNava, kahIM tasavvufa, kahIM vedAnta, kahIM pravRtti dharma, kahIM zaivAgama, kahIM aravinda darzana, kahIM sahajiyA vaiSNava darzana kI chApa hai| 'mUkamATI' para jaina darzana kI vicAradhArA kI chApa hai, para itane pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM hai ki vaha sAmAnya pAThaka ko rasAsvAda meM koI gatirodha paidA kare / dArzanika cetanA se AkrAnta hone para bhI anyokti paddhati itanI kAvyocita hai ki kisI bhI mAnavIya hitavAlI dhArA ke pAThaka ko yaha kRti prabhAvita karatI hai| jahA~ taka upAdeyatA kA sambandha hai, maiMne pahale hI kahA hai ki kAvya kAntAsammita upadeza meM apanA vaiziSTya rakhatA hai / racanAkAra apane samaya aura deza kI nabz2a pahacAnatA hai aura duHkha kA nidAna kara usakA ucita samAdhAna bhI detA hai| kumbha apane jIvana vRtta ke mAdhyama se vibhAvAcchAdita mAnava ko sva-bhAva se pratiSThita hokara svayaM aura loka ke kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kaise kiyA jAya, yaha batAtA hai aura Aja ke svArtha tathA ahaMkendrita yuga meM eka prazasta mArga dikhAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kAvyarUpa 'mUkamATI' kA Akalana karate samaya yaha tathya naz2araaMdAja nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki yaha eka vizeSa jIvanadarzana ko niSThA aura AsthA ke sAtha jIne vAle santa kI kAvyAtmaka kRti hai / sAhityakAra Adi se anta taka sAhityakAra hai jo ki vaha bhI racanAkAra hai aura racanAkAra kI bhI hamArI kalpanAsthita chavi santa kI hI hai| phira bhI ve pahale eka santa haiM aura phira sAhityakAra aura dUsarI Adyanta sAhityakAra hai aura usakI cetanA - sarjaka cetanA meM santa janocita insAniyata ke saMskAra haiN| 'karmabhUmi' aura 'raMgabhUmi' kI sRSTi karane vAle sAhityakAra meM insAniyata ko caritArtha karane vAle sAre naitika Adarza mukhara haiM para vaha gosvAmI tulasIdAsa se thor3A haTakara hai / yadyapi prasiddha mArksavAdI rAmavilAsa zarmA gosvAmIjI kI bhakti cetanA ko uccakoTi kA mAnavatAvAda hI kahate haiM / nizcaya hI aisA kahate samaya unakI dRSTi meM gosvAmIjI kA AdhyAtmika varNAzrama vyavasthAvAdI paralokavAdI vAlA rUpa nahIM hai| zuddha sAhitya kI paribhASA dene vAlA kuntaka kAvya ke lie kevala 'bhaNiti vicitra' kI zarta mAnatA hai, bhale hI use khodate-khodate naitikatA kI sugandha bhI ubharane lge| para gosvAmIjI jaisA santa jaba kAvya kI paribhASA detA hai to usakA santatva, usakI adhyAtmaparakatA sarvopari hotI hai| vaha kahatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 13 "bhaniti bicitra sukabi kRta jouu| rAmanAma binu soha na soU // " tulasI kI dRSTi meM vaha 'soha' - zobhA yA cArutA, jo unake lie kAvyocita hai - 'sukavi kRta bhanitivicitra' mAtra se nahIM AtI, usake lie rAma nAma' arthAt AdhyAtmika cetanA se maNDita honA anivArya hai / zuddha sAhityika AcArya kuntaka aura santa AcArya gosvAmIjI kI kAvya sambandhI mUla cetanA meM yaha antara rekhAMkanIya hai| 'mUkamATI' kA karttA yA sraSTA bhI apanI sAhitya sambandhI avadhAraNA spaSTa karatA huA santa sAhityakAroM kI paramparA meM bolatA hai : "zilpI ke zilpaka sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA! 'hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa..!" (pR. 110-111) gosvAmIjI kI bhA~ti munivarya ne bhI sAhitya kI apanI avadhAraNA spaSTa kI hai| unhoMne mAnA hai ki 'sahita kA bhAva' hI 'sahabhAva' yA 'sAhitya' hai / sahita arthAt hita-sahita / 'hita', 'sukha kA samudbhava hai, vibhAva-rahita 'svabhAva' kA sAkSAtkAra hai, sukhAsvAda hai / yahI hamArA gantavya hai, maMz2ila hai| kAvya yA sAhitya bhI eka prasthAna hai jo hameM vahIM le jAtA hai| hamAre jIvana, cintana aura AcaraNamaya jIvana kA yahI niyantraNa kakSa hai| hamAre sAre vyApAra isI niyantraNa kakSa se paricAlita hote haiM / isa gantavya taka le jAne vAle hamAre kucha siddhAnta sUtra haiM, mUlya haiN| prastuta kRti unakA udghATana kAvyAtmaka bhASA meM karatI hai, rocaka kathA ke mAdhyama se karatI hai, AkarSaka, ghaTanA aura saMvAdoM se ujAgara karatI hai / AnandavardhanAcArya ne rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ko 'zAstra' bhI kahA hai aura 'kAvya' bhii| unakA kahanA hai : "tadevamanakramaNInirdiSTena vAkyena bhagavadavyatirekiNa: sarvasyAnyasyAnityatAM prakAzayatA mokSalakSaNa evaika: para: puruSArtha: zAstranaye, kAvyanaye ca tRSNAkSayasukhaparipoSalakSaNaH zAnto raso mahAbhAratasyAGgitvena vivakSita iti suprtipaaditm|' (dhvanyAloka, caturtha udyota, pR. 348) arthAt mahAbhArata zAstra bhI hai aura mahAkAvya bhii| zAstra kI dRSTi se usameM batAyA gayA hai ki Atmabhinna saba kucha nissAra hai| parama puruSArtha sukha svabhAva mokSalakSaNa puruSArtha hI hai| jahA~ taka usake kAvya hone kA sambandha hai, isa mahAbhArata nAmaka mahAkAvya kA aMgIrasa zAnta hai / yaha samastatRSNAkSayasukhAtmA hai| ThIka yahI naya 'mUkamATI' para bhI lAgU hotA hai / zAstra kI dRSTi se isakA prayojana 'mokSa' hai aura kAvya kI dRSTi se zAnta rasa' / paramAtmA svarUpa sadguru ke prati samarpaNa se hI mukti kA dvAra anAvRta hotA hai| kumbhakAra aura seTha dvArA mUkamATI meM se AkAra grahaNa kara varNalAbha karane vAlA sAdhaka ghaTa gurucaraNoM meM samarpita hokara Atmamukti lAbha karatA hai| AkAra lAbha aura Atmamukti kI mahAyAtrA meM Ane vAlI samasta bhautika bAdhAe~ tyAjya aura anupAdeya haiN| unake prati kaSAya kA kSayopazama hI apekSita hai| kAraNa, ve vastue~ aura unakA paricAlaka bhAva lokadhvaMsa aura AtmadhvaMsa kI ora le jAtA hai / Alocya kRti meM ye sArI bAteM spaSTa haiM / isa prakAra isa kRti meM hita kA sahabhAva yA sAhitya AmUlacUla vidyamAna hai| yaha eka vItarAga muni kI kRti hai, ata: laukika rAga kA vaha sadbhAva nahIM hai jo anyatra rAgI sarjaka meM sambhava hai / para isakA malataba yaha nahIM ki sAttvika saundarya jo prakRti meM parivyApta hai, mAnavIya karma aura bhAva meM vyApta hai, vaha bhI yahA~ avidyamAna hai, nahIM ; vaha to hai hI / sAhitya kI cArutA a-vyaktigata aura a-pArthiva hotI hai / cArutA kI anubhUti hI sarjanAtmaka anubhUti hai aura vaisI sAttvika cArutA kI anubhUti se snAta hokara nirgata
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________________ 14 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zabdArtha bhI cAru hoMge hI / zabdArtha rUpI zarIra para isI Antara cArutA kI AbhA yA dIpti ubharatI hai| aise hI cAru zabdArtha ko kAvya kahate haiN| isa samagra dRSTi se ise kAvya kahane meM kyoM logoM ko saMkoca pratIta hotA hai ? kAvya hone ke bAda isakI vidhA nirdhAraNa kA prasaMga AtA hai| vidhA meM duvidhA aura suvidhA donoM sambhAvya haiM, ata: donoM taraha kI bAta sAmane AtI hai| kAvya kI vidhA para aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| unameM se pramukha haiM- bhASA, bandha, zailI, indriya mAdhyama aura artha / sAmAnyata: bandha yA sambandha kI sApekSatA yA nirapekSatA ko lekara kAvya ke do bheda mAne gae haiM- muktaka aura prabandha / Alocya kRti ke pada eka kathAsUtra meM paraspara ba~dhe hue haiM, ata: sambandha yA bandha sApekSa haiM / phalata: unase jo AkAra vidhA grahaNa karatI hai, vaha prabandhakAvya kI hai| prabandha kAvya bhI tIna prakAra ke haiM- khaNDa, ekArtha aura mahAkAvya / isameM 'ghaTa' ke mAdhyama se AkAra grahaNa se lekara mokSa prApti taka kI samagra mahAyAtrA varNita hai, ata: 'khaNDa' kA to savAla hI nahIM utthtaa| 'ekArtha' kI vizeSatA yaha hotI hai ki usakI ghaTanAe~ bar3I tvarAmaya paddhati para ekonmukha hotI haiM mukhya 'artha' (prayojana) kI ora / prastuta kRti meM aneka avAntara ghaTanAe~ kathAdhArA ko zithila karatI haiN| ata: ise ekArtha kAvya bhI nahIM kaha sakate / pArizeSyAt mahAkAvya hI kahanA par3atA hai / kAraNa, isameM 'mahattva' bhI hai aura 'kAvyatva' bhI / ata: mahAkAvya kI mUla cetanA vidyamAna hai / kAvyazAstriyoM ne mahAkAvya kI jo paribhASAe~ dI haiM, unameM kucha antaraMga tattva haiM aura kucha bahiraMga yA aupacArika / udAharaNa ke lie -(1) kathA vastu (2) varNana (3) bhAvavidhAna tathA (4) saMvAda yojnaa| ye saba mahAkAvya ke antaraMga bindu haiM aura zeSa saba bahiraMga / samagrata: nimnalikhita binduoM kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai : (1) sargabaddhatA- kama se kama ATha (2) eka yA aneka nAyaka - prakhyAtakula sambhUta (3) zRMgAra, vIra tathA zAnta meM se koI eka (4) paMca sandhiyoM kA vidhAna (5) kathA vastu - prakhyAta yA kalpita (6) cAra puruSArthoM meM se koI bhI eka (7) trividha maMgalAcaraNa meM se koI eka (8) yatra-tatra khala-sajjana kI nindA-stuti (9) chando-vidhAna eka - sA, sargAnta meM parivartana (10) sargAnta meM bhAvI kathA kI sUcanA (11) varNana- sandhyA, sUrya, Rtu, vana, sAgara, nagara Adi (12) loka svabhAva kA nirvAha, tAki vizvasanIyatA banI rahe tathA (13) saMvAda vidhAna / inama sa krama saMkhyA 3,5, 11 tathA 13 kA ullekha antaraMga tattva ke rUpa meM Upara kiyA jA cakA hai| zeSa yA to inase sambaddha haiM athavA bahiraMga, phalata: aupacArika / maMgalAcaraNa koI anivArya tattva nahIM haiN| vaha kRtikAra mana meM bhI kara sakatA hai| zeSa binduoM meM se aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jo yahA~ na ho / kathAvastu kalpita bhI ho sakatI hai, so hai / nAyaka kA savAla avazya uThatA hai / kRti kA zIrSaka hai- 'mUkamATI' / prAya: mahAkAvyoM kI saMjJA pramukha pAtra yA nAyaka ke AdhAra para dI jAtI hai athavA pramukha ghaTanA para / 'mUkamATI' na cetana pAtra hai aura na hI pramukha ghaTanA, tathApi zIrSaka dene se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki kRtikAra ko usameM sambhAvya garimA dikhAI detI hai| cetana jIva kI sambhAvya garimA acetana a-jIva kI sahAyatA ke binA upalabdhi nahIM bana sktii| yaha sahI hai ki cetana jIva meM anAdi siddha sAMkarya ajIva se sambandha ke kAraNa hI hai| parantu bandha - hetu Asrava kA saMvaraNa aura saMcita kI nirjarA bhI isI a-jIva ke bIca sampAdya sAdhanA se sambhava hai, bhale hI antata: vaha bhI tyAjya aura anupAdeya ho jAtA ho / kahA hI gayA hai : "asatye vartmani sthitvA tataH satyaM smiihte|" tyAjya aura anupAdeya ke sahAre hI grAhya kI ora bar3hA jAtA hai / antara unake upayoga kI cetanA meM A jAtA hai| karmadravya kI apekSA bhAvadravya mahattva kA hai| varNa-lAbha meM upayogI cetanA se bandha-hetu apanA svabhAva chor3a detA hai| 'mUkamATI' apanI tucchatA ke bAvajUda apanI sambhAvya garimA meM mahAn hai| usameM usa ghaTAkAra pariNAma kI sambhAvanA hai, jo guru caraNoM meM samarpaNa ke pratIka se mukti kA dvAra kholatA hai| visarjana yA samarpaNa ke binA mukti kA vaha dvAra nahIM khulatA / ghaTa a-jIva to hai hI apanI abhidhA meM, jIva bhI hai apanI pratIkAtmakatA meM / samagra hokara hI parama puruSArtha rUpa prayojana kI ora usakA prayANa hai / ghaTa kI mA~ hai- mUka mATI aura "AtmA vai jAyate putraH" ke nyAya se donoM meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 15 abheda hai, sAtha hI mRNmaya se cinmaya taka kI mahAyAtrA kI vyaMjanA bhI usameM nihita hai / ata: nAyaka rUpa meM ghaTa kI parikalpanA hone para bhI 'mUkamATI' se usakI Arambhika dayanIyatA tathA tucchatA vyakta hotI hai, sAtha hI aparimeya sambhAvanA bhI, UrdhvagAminI mokSAtmaka sambhAvanA bhI / ataH eka sAtha baddha jIva kI sArI vizeSatAoM kI samAhiti 'mUkamATI' zIrSaka meM ho jAtI hai / nAyaka vo ghaTAkAra usakA pariNamana hai / a-jIva ko pratIka banAne se usakI eka vyaMjanA yaha bhI hai ki usameM pradUSaNa nahIM hotA, pradUSaNa kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM hotii| kucha loga 'mATI' meM nAyikA kI aura 'kumbhakAra' meM nAyaka kI parikalpanA karate haiM aura mATI garbhastha ghaTa ke pariNamana meM kumbhakAra kI nAyaka-sI pratIkSA karatI hai / inakA paraspara AkarSaNa vAsanApaMkila laukika zRMgAra kA nahIM, lokottara upakAra kI AbhA detA hai| isa prakAra thor3I dera ke lie nAyaka-nAyikA kA rUpaka to bana jAtA hai, para " phalabhoktA tu nAyaka :" kI paribhASA kA kyA hogA? phala 'svabhAva -lAbha' hI hai, jo ghaTa rUpa sAdhaka ko hI milatA hai| mATI kA sAMkaryazodhita rUpa ghaTa hI hai, tapa vahI tapatA hai / varNalAbha vahI karatA hai| rAkha kA AvaraNa haTAkara vahI Upara AtA hai, samarpita vahI hotA hai / bandhana meM vahI prasuptaprAya AkArahIna par3A rahatA hai, sadguru kumbhakAra na kevala use AkAra detA hai balki pAtratA bhI pradAna karatA hai / yaha pAtratA hI sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi kA AkAra detI hai / "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha - dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai|" (pR. 486) jIva-ajIva ke bandha se mukta navanItakalpa svabhAva puna: usa dugdhakalpa bandha meM nahIM jA sktaa| isa phala kA prApaka ghaTa rUpa jIva hI hai / ata: mATI se abhinna kintu paryAya se bhinna ghaTa hI isa kRti kA nAyaka jAna par3atA hai / mUkamATI meM vahI samAyA huA hai| ghaTa mUkamATI kI hI sambhAvanA hai| bhAva vyaMjanA, saMvAda yojanA aura varNanoM kA prAcurya vidyamAna hai / kathAvastu meM sAdhaka-bAdhaka tattvoM ke vidhAna dvArA sandhiyoM kI yojanA bhI sambhAvita hai / isI prakAra katipaya aupacArika aura bahiraMga tattvoM ko chor3a bhI diyA jAya to isakI mahAkAvyAtmakatA asandigdha hai / 'mUkamATI' kA saMskRta mahAkAvyoM se tulanAtmaka anuzIlana bhAratIya kAvyoM ko dRSTigatakara kAvyazAstriyoM ne isa tathya meM apanI sahamati vyakta kI hai ki yahA~ kAvya kA prayojana kutUhalatRpti aura manoraMjana nahIM hai apitu 'vyutpatti' aura 'prIti' (manoramaNa = = sva-para-bhAva- vinirmuktagrahaNazIla cetanA kA parakIya sukha-du:kha anubhUti meM AtmavistAra prApta karanA = mAnuSa bhAva kA vistAra karanA) hai / AcArya abhinavaguptapAda ne inakA samanvaya karate hue kahA hai ki mUla prayojana to 'prIti' hI hai, 'vyutpatti' kA lAbha anuSaMgata ho hI jAtA hai| kAvya isa prakAra pAThaka kI cetanA kA samunnayana karatA hai / usakI nIyata yahI hai / yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki isa nIyata kA kAryAnvayana bhale hI vaha vidheya aura niSedhya ke varNana dvArA karatA ho / kAvya isa prakAra sampUrNa jIvana 'sarjanA kI paridhi meM gaharAI se AtmasAt kara letA hai / isa sandarbha meM hama AdikAvya vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ko hI leM / racayitA vAlmIki kisI aise nAyaka kI khoja meM hai jo mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sAkAra pratimA ho / vaha nArada se pUchatA hai : "ko'nvasmin sAmprataM loke guNavAn kazca vIryavAn / dharmajJazca kRtajJazca satyavAkyo dRDhavrataH // cAritreNa ca ko yuktaH sarvabhUteSu ko hitaH / vidvAn kaH kaH samarthazca kazcaikapriyadarzanaH || " (1/2-3)
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________________ 16 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA arthAt isa saMsAra meM isa samaya guNavAn, balavAn, dharmajJa, kRtajJa, satyavAkya, dRDhavrata, saccAritra, lokamaMgalakAmI, vidvAn, samartha tathA priyadarzana kauna hai ? lokalokAntara kI khabara rakhane vAle nArada ne kahA ki jina aneka guNoM kA unhoMne varNana kiyA hai, ve eka vyakti meM durlabha haiM, phira bhI eka vyakti ikSvAkuvaMza meM utpanna hai usameM ye sArI vizeSatAe~ ekatra haiM aura usakA nAma logoM ke bIca rAma prakhyAta hai / " rAmo vigrahavAn dharmaH " - rAma kyA hai, dharma hI zarIrI bana gayA hai, zarIra dhAraNa karake mUrta ho gayA hai / vAlmIki ne mAnavatAvidhAyaka guNoM yA mUlyoM kI samaSTi ko hI rAma ke mAdhyama se atyanta prItikara AkhyAna kiyA hai / 'mahAbhArata' meM du:khI dhRtarASTra ko sAntvanA dene ke nimitta muni kaNika ne kahA : '"yasya buddhiH paribhavettamatItena sAntvayet" (Adiparva 140 / 74) - jisakI buddhi vartamAna meM paribhUta ho, use atIta ke varNana dvArA sAntvanA denI cAhie aura unhoMne rAma kI hI sArI kathA sunaaii| atIta puna: khar3A nahIM kiyA jA sakatA parantu mAnava samAja ke gatirodha ko dUra karane ke lie use preraNAspada banAyA jA sakatA hai| 'mahAbhArata' ke anta meM kahA gayA hai : "vede rAmAyaNe puNye bhArate bharatarSabha / Adau cAnte ca madhye ca hariH sarvatra gIyate // " - veda ho, rAmAyaNa ho yA mahAbhArata - sarvatra kAvyoM meM vigrahavAn dharma, jise hari kahA jAtA hai usI kA Adi, madhya tathA anta meM varNana hai / isa dharma ke viSaya meM 'mahAbhArata' kAra ne 'svargArohaNa parva' meM kahA hai : " na jAtu kAmAnna bhayAnna lobhAt, dharmaM tyajejjIvitasyApi hetoH / nityo dharmaH sukhaduHkhe tvanitye, jIvo nityo heturasyo tvanityaH || " (5/63) jisa dharma se loka kA sandhAraNa hotA hai, vahI sarvocca mUla hai, mAnavatA kA srota hai / ata: kAmanA, bhaya aura lobha, yahA~ taka ki jIvana ke lie bhI usakA parityAga nahIM honA caahie| dharma hI nitya hai, sukha-duHkha to anitya haiN| ata: dharma ke sAkAra rUpa hari kA hI sarvatra yazogAna hotA hai / samAja yA loka ke vidhAraka dharmAtmaka mUlyoM kA hI gAna hamArA kAvya karatA A rahA hai| rAma aura rAvaNa, pANDava aura kaurava kramaza: dharma aura adharma ke hI pratIka haiN| unakI kathA adharma para dharma kI vijaya hai / cAhe azvaghoSa Adi bauddha kaviyoM ke 'buddhacarita' tathA 'saundarananda' Adi kAvya hoM athavA trizaSThizalAkApuruSoM ko AdhAra banAkara likhe gae jaina kaviyoM ke kAvya hoM yA ki kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha tathA zrIharSa ke 'raghuvaMza', 'kumArasambhava', 'kirAtArjunIya', 'zizupAlavadha' evaM 'naiSadhIyacarita' hoM - sabhI preraka dharmabhAvanA hI hai| kAraNa, inake nAyaka mAnavamUlyamaya dharma ke sAkAra vigraha hI haiN| kAvya hI nahIM, nATyazAstra meM bhI nATyaveda aura nATya sAhitya ke nirmANa ke pIche loka maMgala kI hI bhAvanA nihita hai / devatAoM ne pitAmaha se loka kI giratI huI dazA ko dekhakara unake samunnayana ke nimitta nATyaveda kA praNayana kiyA / isIlie ise paMcama veda kI saMjJA dI gii| usI nATyaveda anuzAsana meM bhAratIya racanAkAroM ne nATya sAhitya kI sRSTi kii| niSkarSa yaha hai ki hamArI bhAratIya kAvya paramparA nirmANa kA srota mAnava ke samunnayana ke nimitta dhArmika preraNA hI hai| hA~, vaha vizuddha siddhAnta nirUpaka zAstra se haTakara tanmaya jIvana kA kalAtmaka udrekhaNa prastuta karatA hai, vaha rocaka aura prItyAdhAyaka DhaMga se apanI bAta kahatA ke hai| dharmasrotaska bhAratIya kAvya paramparA meM jaba hama AcArya vidyAsAgara ke 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ko dekhate haiM to vahI mUla preraNA yahA~ bhI lakSita hotI hai / isa prakAzita kRti ke Arambhika pRSTha (phlaipa ) ke isa lekha se maiM sarvathA sahamata hU~ : "dharma, darzana, adhyAtma ke sAra ko Aja kI bhASA evaM mukta chanda kI manorama kAvya zailI meM nibaddha kara
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________________ 1 mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 17 kavitA racanA ko nayA AyAma dene vAlI eka anupama kRti hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI kAvya pratibhA kA yaha camatkAra hai ki mATI jaisI nirIha, padadalita, vyathita vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAkara usakI mukti vedanA aura mukti kI AkAMkSA ko vANI dI hai... karmabaddha AtmA kI vizuddhi kI ora bar3hatI maMz2iloM kI muktiyAtrA kA rUpaka hai yaha mahAkAvya / " Upara saMskRta meM nibaddha mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM 'mUkamATI' ko rakhakara dekhatA hU~ to jahA~ dharmabhAvanA kI preraNA meM samAnatA hai vahA~ eka ullekhanIya viSamatA bhI hai / viSamatA yaha hai ki paramparApratiSTha kramAgata saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM jina nAyakoM ko mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai, unameM mUlya upalabdhi bana cuke haiM jabaki AlocyakRti meM jisa 'mATI' ko mAdhyama banAkara kathA prastuta kI gaI hai, usameM mUlya sambhAvanA haiM / sadguru kumbhakAra mATI kI sambhAvanAoM kA Akalana karatA hai aura unheM apane DhaMga se upalabdhi kA AkAra detA hai / saMskRta meM 'prabodhacandrodaya' Adi katipaya rUpakAtmaka paddhati meM likhe gae kAvya haiN| para vaha zravya nahIM, dRzya kAvya hai aura usameM bhI Adyanta 'mATI' kI bhA~ti eka kendrIya mAdhyama nahIM hai / AcAryajI ne kathA kA mAdhyama AsamAna se nahIM, dharatI se liyA hai| 'mATI' dharatI kA aMza hai| paramparApratiSTha kAvyoM se isakI dUsarI alagAne vAlI ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha kRti sAdhanAparaka hone se dharma aura adhyAtmaparaka saMketa rUpakAtmaka AvaraNa meM kahIM adhika vyaMjita karatI hai / yaha avazya hai ki isa bahAva meM vaha sAmAjika gatividhiyoM aura kriyAkalApoM se bhI sthAna-sthAna para apanI sampRkti jamakara dikhAtI hai| paraMmparApratiSTha kAvyoM meM kathAvastu prAya: paurANika athavA aitihAsika hai| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata to apanA doharA rUpa rakhate haiM / ve kAvya bhI haiM aura itihAsa bhI haiN| zeSa meM itihAsa aura purANoM kI kathA vastu hai - cAhe 'raghuvaMza' yA 'kumArasambhava' ho yA 'kirAtArjunIya', 'zizupAlavadha' aura 'naiSadhIyacarita' Adi / 'mUkamATI' kI kathAvastu kalpanAnIta hai, kalpita. hai / lakSaNa granthoM meM prabandhakAvya kI vastu kA prakhyAta honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| 'sAhityadarpaNa'kAra ne kahA hai : "itihAsodbhavaM vRttamanyadvA sajjanAzrayam / " (chaThA pari.) kathAvastu itihAsa se lI jA sakatI hai athavA sajjanAzrita hokara anyathA prakalpita bhI ho sakatI hai / bhAmaha ne apane 'kAvyAlaMkAra' meM bhI 'vRttaM devAdicaritazaMsi' athavA 'utpAdya' kahA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ke antima AThaveM adhyAya ke chaThe sUtra meM jahA~ mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa diyA hai, vahA~ kathAvastu ke prakhyAta athavA kalpita rUpa kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / hA~, kathAvastu ke sandhi samanvita hone kI bAta avazya kI hai / isa prakAra kathAvastu ke kalpita hone kA mauna - mukhara vidhAna hai / isameM koI zAstrIya pratibandha Ar3e nahIM AtA / kathAvastu saprayojana ho, dharmArthakAmamokSa meM se koI bhI prayojana ho, para ho dharma yA mUlya samarpita / bhAmaha kahatA hai : " caturvargAbhidhAne'pi bhUyasArthopadezakRt / " caturvarga kA abhidhAna ho, para prAcurya upadeza kA ho / 'mUkamATI' mokSa rUpa parama prayojana se kathAvastu kA nibandhana karatI hai aura upadeza kI pracuratA kA to kahanA hI kyA ? page-page yaha vizeSatA milegI / kathAkAra hara ghaTanA kA dArzanikIkaraNa karatA hai aura gambhIra upadeza kA avasara nikAlatA calatA hai| paramparApratiSTha saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM bhI upadezamaya prasaMga haiM, para 'varNana' tattva kI jo pracuratA - Rtu, kAla, deza, parvata, sandhyA, vyakti Adi ke varNana kI jo atizayatA sthUla rUpa meM vahA~ vidyamAna hai, yahA~ vaha nahIM hai / varNanAtmakatA mahAkAvya kA eka tattva hI hai, para AlocyakAvya meM vaha abhidhAtmaka na hokara aprastuta aura vyaMjaka banA dI gaI hai / kahIM se bhI aise udAharaNa lie jA sakate haiN| sArA prabandha isa tathya se ApUrita hai / varNanAtmakatA mahAkAvya ke svarUpa ghaTakoM meM se eka hai, ata: usakA 1
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________________ astitva yahA~ bhI kyoM nahIM hogA ? hai hI / varNanA ghaTanAmayI vastuyojanA ko saghana aura prabhAvazAlinI banAtI hai| vaha prabhAvotpAda kAvya kA sakSama mAdhyama hai / upadeza kA auSadha bhavaroga-rogI grAhaka meM kavi anAyAsa isI prakriyA se saMkrAnta karatA hai / phira AcArya aura virakta muni kA kAvya yaha prakriyA kyoM nahIM grahaNa karegA? 'mUkamATI' kI kathAvastu kSINakAya hai, para upadezaparaka varNanAoM se vaha ghana aura prabhAvazAlinI ho uThI hai| saritA taTavartI dharatI kA aMza mATI mUka mATI kumbhakAra zilpI ke hAtha lagatI hai, vaha vijAtIya kaMkar3a-patthara se use pRthak kara varNagata sAMkarya haTA detA hai / punaH svaccha jala se mizrita kara rauMdatA hai aura loMdA banAkara cAka para car3hAtA hai| isa prakAra sambhAvanA ke rUpa meM nihita kumbha ko sAkAra karatA hai / tadanantara kucha samaya taTastha rahakara use AsthA aura vizvAsa meM paripakva karanA cAhatA hai - zilpI / gIlA ghaTa yaha saba sahakara paripakva ho jAtA hai aura sAdhanA yAtrA meM Ae hue vighnoM ko pAra kara jAtA hai / racanA ke tIna khaNDoM-(1) saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' (2) 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' (3) 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kI itanI-sI saMkSipta kathA hai| cauthe khaNDa- 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kathAsUtra saghana ho uThA hai| usameM svatantra khaNDakAvya hone kI kSamatA hai / tapana ke tApa meM paritapta mATI ke kumbha kI abhI agni parIkSA zeSa hai, vaha bhI sampanna hotI hai / seTha mukta kumbha ko santa ke caraNoM meM prakSAlanArtha samarpita karatA hai / anya dhAtuoM ke pAtra seTha ke prati apane aham kA viSa vamana karate haiM / antata: unheM apane durabhimAna kA bodha hotA hai / kumbha apane netRtva meM seTha ke parivAra ko bhavapAra lagAne ke lie prayANa karatA hai| patha vighnoM se bhara jAtA hai, para AsthA, vizvAsa aura niravaruddha pramANapatha para dRr3hasaMkalpI parivAra ko dekha devatA bhI antata: anukUla ho jAte haiM / parivAra kA pratyeka sadasya bhavasaritA ke kUla para A lagatA hai / apane udgama sthAna para kumbha kI mATI ko kumbhakAra ke puna: darzana hote haiM aura vaha santa sadguru kA darzana karAtA hai / sadguru ke isa vacana se ki santajana pravacana deM, vacana na deM - kathA kA anta hotA hai / isa prazAnta pariveza ko nihAratI hai- muukmaattii| mahAkAvya ke kucha bahiraMga ghaTaka haiM aura kucha antaraMga / bahiraMga tattvoM kA niyojana yahA~ ho yA nahIM, antaraMga tattva vidyamAna haiM- kathAvasta. varNana. saMvAda aura bhAva vyNjnaa| ina sabakA parama prayojana hai- Atmamukti, AtmA kA vaibhAvika bandhanoM se mukta hokara svabhAva meM pratiSThita honA / prayojana ke anurUpa hI, tadartha apekSita prabhAva utpAdana ke anukUla hI vastuvidhAna, varNana, saMvAda aura bhAva vyaMjanA honI caahie| (ka) vastuvidhAna ke sambandha meM kavivarya mAgha kA kathana ___ "anujjhitArthasambandhaH prabandhaH durudAharaH"- vastu-vidhAna aisA honA cAhie ki sambandha sUtra kahIM se vicchinna na ho / prAya: mahAkAvyoM meM kabhI doharI aura kabhI ikaharI kathA calatI hai| mukhya kathA ko AdhikArika kahate haiM aura avAntara kathA ko prAsaMgika / prAsaMgika bhI patAkA' aura 'prakarI' rUpa meM do prakAra kI hotI hai| uparilikhita saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM se rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata jaise kalAtmaka aura vikasanazIla mahAkAvyoM meM donoM prakAra kI kathAe~ haiM parantu paravartI kalAtmaka mahAkAvyoM meM prAyaH AdhikArika kathA hI gRhIta huI hai / yaha avazya hai ki ina mahAkAvyoM kI kathA varNanoM se itanI vyavahita aura zithila ho jAtI hai ki prabandha kI avicchinnatA pratibandhita hone lagatI hai| zAstrIya nATyavastu meM aisI zithilatA nahIM hotii| vahA~ susaMzliSTa sandhividhAna hotA hai| Upara kahA jA cukA hai Alocya grantha kI kathAvastu siddha audAttya kI nahIM, sAdhya audAttya kI hai / paramparApratiSTha saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM jinakI kathA kahI gaI hai ve itihAsa aura purANa meM udAtta rUpa meM prakhyAta haiM, para yahA~ jisakI kathA AdhikArika rUpa meM lI jA rahI hai, vaha svayaM Atmaparicaya meM kahatI hai :
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________________ mukamATI-mImAMsA :: 19 "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) yadyapi udAtta sambhAvanAoM se maNDita mATI kI yaha vinaya bhAvanA hai| isake viparIta saMskRta mahAkAvyoM ke kavi apane udAtta nAyaka - AdhikArika kathA ke phala-svAmya ke adhikArI nAyaka kI mahimA se apane kAvya kA Arambha karate haiN| yaha bAta yA itanI samatA avazya hai ki 'mUkamATI' kI bhA~ti unheM bhI AtmaudAttya kI siddhi ke lie saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai aura lambe saMgharSa ke mAdhyama se hI unheM bhI puruSArtha kI siddhi milI hai| kathAsUtra kA kramaza: vibhinna khaNDoM meM vikAsa hotA gayA hai / mATI kumbhAkAra pariNAma grahaNa karatI huI sadguru kumbhakAra ke nirdezana meM svayaM to AtmalAbha karatI hI hai, upAsaka seTha aura usake pArivArika sadasyoM ko vibhinna saMgharSoM ke bIca se nikAlatI huI bhava-saritA ke pAra lagA detI hai| mATI apanI nirIhatA aura laghutA meM bhI aparimeya sambhAvanAoM se maNDita hai| kathA kA mukhya prayojana 'mukti' lAbha hai / prasaMgata: usameM rocaka DhaMga se sAdhaka aura bAdhaka tattvoM kA vidhAna huA hai / jitane parISaha aura upasargoM ko kumbha ko pAra karanA par3atA hai usase bhI adhika seTha ke sat saMkalpI parivAra ko / kumbhAkAra pariNata mATI kI mahimA aura udAttatA Atmamukti meM hI nahIM, tIrthaMkaroM kI bhA~ti para-mukti meM bhI spaSTa hai / matalaba kathA kA lakSya Atmamukti se Age bar3hakara para-mukti taka jAtA hai| mATI kI sambhAvanA yahA~ jAkara upalabdhi kA AkAra grahaNa karatI hai / isa prakAra isakI kathAvastu aura usakA sambandha nirvAha atyanta susaMzliSTa hai-mukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza aura nirvahaNa-jaisI sandhiyoM kA bhI anusandhAna kiyA gayA hai| saritA ke taTa se Arabdha kathA saritA ke taTa para hI apanI vRttAkAra samagratA meM sampanna hotI hai| sandhiyoM meM 'avasthAe~' aura 'arthaprakRtiyA~' bhI samAhita hotI hI haiM, unakA bhI yathAyogya AbhAsa pAyA jA sakatA hai| (kha) varNana tattva mahAkAvyoM ke lakSaNoM meM varNanoM kA bar3A upayoga hai / isase kathAdhArA meM ghanatA aura rocakatA dvArA sarasa prabhAva paidA kiyA jAtA hai| paramparApratiSTha aisA koI bhI mahAkAvya nahIM milegA jisameM varNanavyApAroM kI pracuratA na ho / lakSaNa granthoM meM kahA gayA hai : "sandhyAsUryendurajanIpradoSadhvAntavAsarAH / praatrmdhyaahnmRgyaashailrtuvnsaagraaH|| sambhogavipralambhau ca munisvargapurAdhvarAH / raNaprayANopayamamantraputrodayAdayaH // varNanIyA yathAyogaM sAMgopAMgA amI iha / " (sAhityadarpaNa, pa. pa.) prastuta kRti meM bhI prAta:, saritA, zilpI, Rtu - zizira, vasanta, grISma, kumbha, sUrya, candra, seTha Adi pAtroM kI manodazAoM kA kalpanApravaNa dhArAvAhika varNana pracuratA se upalabdha hai / 'rAmAyaNa' aura 'mahAbhArata' varNanoM aura upAkhyAnoM se AdyantapUrita haiM aura paravartI kalAtmaka mahAkAvyoM meM ukta prakAra ke varNana bhare par3e haiM, upAkhyAnoM ke lie vaha virAT pariveza zeSa bhI nahIM rahA / Alocya kRti meM ye varNanAtmaka prasaMga thope hue se nahIM lagate, jaise mAgha ke 'raivataka' varNana meM sarga hI samApta ho gayA hai, 'kirAtArjunIyam' meM Rtu, zaila, vilAsa, sandhyA, prAta: Adi kA varNana kathAsUtra ko vyavahita karate haiN| naiSadhIyacarita' kA to kahanA hI kyA hai, varNana meM unakI prAtibha sambhAvanA lagatA hai ni:zeSa hI nahIM hotii| kAlidAsa sAvadhAna haiN| varNana vaha bhI karate haiM, para kathAdhArA ke aMga rUpa meM / unakA varNana aisA lagatA ki kathAdhArA ko rokakara varNana meM hI Daba gaI hai| unheM avayava saMgati kA dhyAna hai| ThIka yahI sthiti isa mahAkAvya kI bhI hai / avAntara prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA kama nahIM hai, paryApta hai, para kathA ke dhArApravAha ko ve vicchinna nahIM, saghana banAte haiN| Arambha meM prAta: kA hI ramaNIya varNana mATI ke A~kha kholane kI pIThikA hai| saritA kA varNana
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________________ 20 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prakrAnta hai| RtuoM - zizira, vasanta aura grISma ne adhika jagaha nahIM gherI hai| isI prakAra sUrya, candra Adi kA bhI varNana santulita rUpa meM hI huA hai, jo kathAdhArA para thopA huA nahIM lagatA, pravAha kI anivAryatA se ye varNana sahaja samprasUta haiM / pAtroM aura ghaTanAoM ke kalpanApravaNa varNana kAvya ko rocakatA pradAna karate haiM aura zuSka upadezaparaka grantha hone se bacA lete haiN| (ga) saMvAda yojanA Alocya kRti kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aMza hai - saMvAda yojanA / saMvAda yojanA nATakoM meM bhI hotI hai, para usakA vidhAna raMga cetanA ke aMga rUpa meM hotA hai / zravya kAvya meM vaha mahaz2a kathAdhArA ko gambhIra banAtA hai aura Age bar3hAtA hai / paramparApratiSTha saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI saMvAda yojanA se Alocya kRti kI saMvAda yojanA isa mAyane meM viziSTa hai ki isameM cetana prANiyoM ke pArasparika saMvAda to haiM hI, unase kahIM adhika yahA~ acetana padArthoM ko pratIkAtmaka rUpa dekara yA mAnavIkaraNa dvArA saMvAda karAe gae haiN| ina saMvAdoM kI gambhIratA doharI taba ho jAtI hai jaba eka tarapha ve pratIka bana jAte haiM aura dUsarI tarapha ve saMvAda bolate haiM / prastuta kRti meM kucha pramukha saMvAda isa prakAra haiM- (1) mATI - dharatI saMvAda (2) zilpI mATI saMvAda (3) kaMkara - zilpI saMvAda (4) kaMkara-mATI saMvAda (5) dA~ta - zilpI saMvAda (6) rasanA - rassI saMvAda (7) machalI kA machalI se saMvAda (8) lekhanI - yuga saMvAda (9) machalI-mATI saMvAda (10) puna:, mATI-zilpI saMvAda (11) mATI-kA~TA saMvAda (12) kaNTaka-zilpI saMvAda (13) vIra rasa - zilpI saMvAda (14) puna:, mATI - zilpI saMvAda (15) sAgara - rAhu saMvAda (16) kumbha - agni saMvAda ( 17 ) sevaka- zilpI saMvAda tathA (18) anya / isameM saMvAda ke atirikta svagata kathana aura Atmacintana bhI hai| kahA gayA hai ki saMvAda yojanA se na kevala kathA Age bar3hatI hai apitu vaha gambhIratA bhI pradAna karatI hai| prathama saMvAda hai- mATI kA mAtA dharatI se / mATI pArthiva hai, pRthvI kA aMza hai, zarIra bhI pArthiva hai prANiyoM kA, para mukti kI, bandhana se mukti kI naisargika kAmanA mAnavIya pArthiva zarIra ke bhItara jagatI hai, vahIM sambhava hai / AtmaglAni nitAnta pavitra bhAvanA hai / mATI meM yAnI usa pratIka ke mAdhyama se pArthiva zarIra se dehAtmabodha kI bhUmikA para sthitibaddha AtmA meM yaha bhAvanA paidA hotI hai : 0 " svayaM patitA hU~ / aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, ... adhama pApiyoM se / pada- dalitA hU~ mA~ ! " (pR. 4) 0 " isa kAyA kI / cyuti kaba hogI ? batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 5) 'ArambhAvasthA' eka prakAra se yaha kAvyArambha hai, jahA~ mukha sandhi ke antargata Ane vAle "autsukyamAtramArambhaH " kA sUtrapAta hotA hai / nAyaka yA nAyikA mATI kA saMkalpa mukhya prayojana ke prati jagatA hai| 'isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI'- se spaSTa hai ki mATI kAyAbaddha jIvAtmA kA pratIka hai| mATI kI kyA kAyA, mATI to svayaM kAyA hai ? dharatI gandhavatI hai, usameM rahasya kI gandha hai, usakA AghrANa pAne ke lie 'AsthA' kI nAsA khulI rakhanI par3atI hai| 'mATI' meM dharatI kI sattA rahasyamaya parA sattA kA pratIka hai, anurUpa pariveza meM isa gupta sambhAvanA kA prAkaTya hotA hai| dharatI ke uttara se yahI saMketa vyaMjita hotA hai| dharatI kahatI hai : O " '... jIvana kA / AsthA se vAstA hone para rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara / sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 21 sAthI bana sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 9) "kintu beTA !/itanA hI paryApta nahIM hai |/aasthaa ke viSaya ko AtmasAt karanA ho/use anubhUta karanA ho/to sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM/svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa !" (pR. 10) 0 "itanA hI nahIM,/nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI skhalana sambhava hai|" (pR. 11) isa prakAra dharatI se mATI ko lambA sAragarbha upadeza milatA hai / mATI bhI kaSAyasikta AtmapaTa para dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ke dravyAtmaka AvaraNa kI bAta samajhakara usake nirAkaraNa kA saMkalpa letI hai, vibhAva se sva-bhAva kI ora jAne kI pratijJA karatI hai| sAdhaka meM abhIpsA tIvra honI caahie| sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM DhAlakara abhISTa svarUpa ubhArane vAlA nirdezaka- jo akAraNa karuNAvaruNAyala hai, svayaM khIMca letA hai yA khiMcA calA AtA hai / kumbhakAra sadguru kA pratIka hai / vaha 'kuM'- dharatI kA 'bha'- bhAgya, 'kAra'- vidhAtA hai jo kartRtvabuddhi se mur3akara kartavyabuddhi se jur3a gayA hai / yaha kriyA prayojana kI niSpatti taka anivArya hai| yahI zilpI mATI meM nihita kumbhAkAra sambhAvanA ko janma detA hai, sAdhanA ke cakra para DhAlatA hai| vaha mATI se puna: usakI pratikriyA jAnanA cAhatA hai aura mATI ke uttara se isa niSkarSa para pahu~catA "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) vaha sadguru zilpI mATI ko sAntvanA detA hai - abhaya kI mudrA meN| cAka sAdhanA para mATI ke car3hane se pUrva, usameM nihita sambhAvanAtmaka kumbhAkAra ke prAkaTya ke pUrva pArthiva kAyA kI bhUtazuddhi apekSita hai, malasAMkarya dUra kara varNalAbha denA par3atA hai : "varNa kA Azaya/na raMga se hai/na hI aMga se varan/cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai|" (pR. 47) yAnI 'manamukha' se 'gurumukha' honA hai, adhomukhI vAsanA prerita cAlaDhAla ko UrdhvAsIna guru kI ora unmukha karanA hai, 'parAGmukha' se 'pratyaGmukha' honA hai| isa bIca mATI-kaMkara saMvAda bhI AtA hai jisameM vaha mATI kahatI hai ki usameM bhI sambhAvanA hai / usa 'kharA' hone kI sambhAvanA ko 'hIrA' meM mUrta karanA hai para etadartha rAkha' banane kI dizA kA 'rAhI' honA hogA, tabhI 'kharA' aura 'hIrA' kI UrdhvagAminI sambhAvanA mUrta hogii| granthimocaka sadguru Age bar3hatA hai nirgrantha hone kI dizA meM, nirgrantha banAne kI dizA meM / 'mukha' sandhi se nikalakara yaha kathA saMvAda ke sahAre 'pratimukha' sandhi meM praveza karatI hai jahA~ prayatna' aura 'bindu'kA samanvaya hotA hai| zilpI ke nirdezana meM cala rahI mATI kI sAdhanA ke daurAna kudAlI, machalI, kA~TA, gadahA Adi na jAne kauna-kauna se vicAragarbha prasaMga lAe jAte haiM / antata: kumbha ubhara AtA hai, para kaSAya kA pratIka jalIya aMza usameM aura zeSa hai / tapasyA se use bhI sukhAyA jAtA hai| 'tapana' para aneka vighna -bAdhAe~ AtI haiM, saMkalpavAn kA sahAyaka pavana banatA hai, jalIya aMza yA kaSAya samApta ho jAtA hai| abhI bhI isa sAdhaka ko agni parIkSA denI hai aura agni parIkSA se usameM nikhAra aura sthAyitva AtA hai| aba vaha pAtra' satpAtra banatA hai taba usakA sAja-zRMgAra hotA hai / satpAtra kI sArthakatA santoM ke caraNoM meM samarpaNa meM hai| yaha kArya seTha dvArA sampAdita
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________________ 22:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hotA hai| kathA ke isa sUtra ko saMvAda aura Age bar3hAte haiM / isa zabdabaddha kathA kI paudha meM bodha kA sugandhita puSpa hai aura vaha puSpa bhI zodha kI sarasa phalamayI pariNati taka pahu~catA hai| isa kathA meM kumbha jalamaya pApa kA tapana dvArA prakSAlana karatA hai aura puNya kA arjana karatA hai / satpAtra kumbha seTha ke jina karoM se Upara uThA liyA jAtA hai, zramaNa ke caraNoM meM samarpaNa ke nimitta usake sAtha 'kI bAtacIta calatI hai aura paraspara eka-dUsare kI prazaMsA karate haiN| bAda meM kumbha seTha ko bhI sambodhita karatA hai aura batAtA hai : kumbha seTha ko pratIta hotA hai : 66 'santa samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai / " (pR. 352) "kumbha ke vimala-darpaNa meM / santa kA avatAra huA hai / aura kumbha ke nikhila arpaNa meM / santa kA AbhAra huA hai|" (pR. 354-355) kathAkAra dhAtunirmita bahumUlya kalaziyoM ke anupayoga meM seTha kI avamAnanA vyakta kara unameM kumbha ke prati Akroza vyakta karavAtA hai / mAnoM pU~jIvAda kA pratIka banAkara gaira pU~jIvAdI sAttvika zaktiyoM aura sAdhakoM ke sAmpratika tANDava kA upasthApana karanA cAhatA hai / para antata: ye virodhI tAkateM parAsta hotI haiM aura seTha kI AsthA kumbha prati yathAvat rahatI hai / paripakva kumbha bhI samarpita seTha aura usake parivAra ke uddhAra kA saMkalpa letA hai aura sambhAva AtaMkavAdI AkramaNa se bacAne ke lie kahatA hai : " turanta parivAra sahita / yahA~ se nikalanA hai, vilamba ghAtaka ho sakatA hai|" (pR. 422) parivAra 'kumbha 'ke netRtva meM cala par3atA hai aura trasta prANI sAtha ho lete haiM / antata: AtaMkavAda bhI parAsta hotA hai / sAdhakoM ke samakSa saMgharSa kA anta nahIM hai, para tIrthaMkara kA netRtva rahe aura anugAmI kA unameM vizvAsa - to koI vipatti unheM Dubo nahIM sakatI / garbhasandhi meM sAdhaka para nadI kA Akroza bAdhaka banatA hai aura lagatA hai ki tIrthayAtrI aba gaetaba gae, parantu 'vimarza' calatA rahatA hai aura antata: 'nirvahaNa' ho jAtA hai| nadI pratIka hai- sAdhanA yAtrA meM vighna rAzi kA / upAsaka seTha parivAra kI sambhAvita cintA se siddha kumbha nadI ko lalakAratA hai : "arI nimnage nimna - aghe ! / isa gAgara meM sAgara ko bhI dhAraNa karane kSamatA hai/ dharaNI ke aMza jo rahe hama !" (pR. 453) isI bIca kumbha ko mahAmatsya se eka aisI muktAmaNi milatI hai jo agAdha jala se bhI dhAraka ko pAra kara detI hai / saparivAra seTha ko pAra le jAne vAle kumbha ke AtmavizvAsa se bAdhaka nadI meM bhI samarpaNa kA bhAva A gyaa| lagA jaise gantavya hI apanI ora A rahA hai / yaha tapa, tyAga aura sazraddha sAdhanA kA hI pratiphala hai ki AtaMkavAdI kA bhI svara manda ho jAtA hai / vaha bhI nadI se prArthanA karatA hai : "o mA~ ! jaladevatA !/ hameM yaha de batA / aparAdhI ko bhI kyApAra lagAtI hai ? / puNyAtmA kA pAlana-poSaNa / ucita hai kartavya hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 23 parantu kyA pApiyoM se bhI/pyAra karatI hai ?" (pR. 456-457) aura kahatA hai ki yadi unheM pAra nahIM lagAtI to kumbha ke sahAre pAra hone vAle saparivAra pApI seTha ko bhI DubA do| nadI kahatI hai ki ve samarpita haiM, vaibhava se virakta haiN| AtaMkavAdI phira apane anukUla hotA na dekhakara puna: ugra rUpa grahaNa karatA hai / seTha kA saMgharSa AtaMka se calatA hai / unako phA~sane ke lie pheMke gae jAla ko pavana ur3A le jAtA hai| kumbha ke prati samarpita parivAra kI rakSA kumbha ke saMketa para pavana karatA hai aura dahalate hue parivAra ko nadI bhI kahatI hai : "utAvalI mata karo!/satya kA Atma-samarpaNa aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ?" (pR. 469) AtaMkavAda aura ugra hotA hai aura apanI na calatI dekha 'mantra' kA smaraNa karatA hai / deva-dala AtA hai, para vaha apanI lakSmaNa rekhA kA iz2ahAra karatA hai / AtaMkI dala ko aparAdha bodha hotA hai / sabhI nAva se jala meM eka-dUsare ko sahArA dete hue kUla se lagane vAle hI haiM ki kUla : "taTa svayaM apane karoM meM/gulAba kA hAra le kara svAgata meM khar3A huA hai|" (pR. 479) aura kumbha ke mukha se maMgala kAmanA nikala rahI hai / chane jala se kumbha ko bharakara parivAra Age bar3hA ki vahI sthAna A gayA jahA~ zilpI kumbhakAra mATI lene AyA thaa| parivAra sahita kumbha kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana karatA hai / parA - sattA AtmasattA kA utkarSa dekha prasanna hotI hai / nirdezaka sadguru kumbhakAra kahatA hai : "yaha saba/RSi-santoM kI kRpA hai,/unakI hI sevA meM rata eka jaghanya sevaka hU~ mAtra,/aura kucha nhiiN|" (pR. 484) antata: sadguru ke bhI guru sAmane samAsIna / AtaMkavAdI unase 'vacana' cAhatA hai para vaha apane sadguru kI dezanA batAte hue kahate haiM ki santa 'vacana' nahIM, 'pravacana' detA hai| "dasarI bAta yaha hai ki/bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) pravacana para vizvAsa lAo, vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI, magara mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para / ___ isa prakAra saMvAda se kathA Age bar3hI hai aura Arabdha kA nirvAha huA hai| Arambha hI anta meM paryavasanna huA hai| yAtrA vRttAkAra hai / vRtta pUrNatA kA, sva-bhAva kA pratIka hai| guru-ziSya kI avicchinna paramparA hI sat sampradAya hai| jisakA sat sampradAya nahIM, vaha gumarAha hai| . paramparApratiSTha saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM bhI saMvAdoM kI dhArA hai| 'rAmAyaNa', 'mahAbhArata' saMvAdoM aura upadezoM se bhare par3e haiN| 'kumArasambhava' meM pArvatI-saptarSi kA, pArvatI-zambhu kA, 'raghuvaMza' meM dilIpa-siMha kA,kautsa ziSya baratantu kA, kuza aura nagarI kA, 'kirAtArjunIya' meM bhIma aura yudhiSThira kA, kirAta aura arjuna kA, 'zizupAla vadha' meM kRSNa aura zizupAla kA, tathA 'naiSadhIyacarita' meM rAjA nala aura haMsI kA, kali ke parivAra kA khaNDana-maNDana draSTavya hai / para ina saMvAdoM se Alocya kRti ke saMvAda kA apanI pratIkAtmakatA meM kucha aura hI vaiziSTya hai / kalpanA aura alaMkAra vidhAna sarvatra samAna hai|
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________________ 24 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (gha) bhAva vyaMjanA aura vicAra saMyojana ____ Alocya kAvya rAjazekhara ke anusAra zAstra kAvya' kahA jA sakatA hai| unakA pakSa hai ki zAstra aura kAvya kI sApekSatA ke kAraNa kabhI eka kA aura kabhI dUsare kI pradhAnatA bhI sambhava hai - sAtha hI samaMjasa rUpa bhI / racayitA muni aura AcArya bhI haiM - ata: vaha 'kAvyakavi, 'ubhayakavi' kI apekSA zAstrakavi' adhika haiN| para isakA artha yaha nahIM ki unameM bhAvanA yA kalpanA jaisI kavitvocita kSamatAe~ upekSita haiN| rAgAtmaka lagAva to sva-bhAva ke prati hai hI, anyathA saMgharSoM aura tUphAnoM ko jhelane aura pAra karane kI preraNA aura zakti kahA~ se milatI ? samarpaNa bhAva kI bhAvanA kRti meM Adyanta vyApta hai| AcArya kA pakSa hai ki lekhaka aura vaktA se kaI gunA adhika sAhityika rasa ko zrotA AtmasAt karatA hai| unakI dRSTi meM rasa sraSTA meM nahIM, sahRdaya grAhaka yA zrotA meM hai| yaha viSaya vivAdAspada hai / yaha sahI hai ki rasoiyA kI rasanA rasadAra rasoI kA rasAsvAdana kama kara pAtI hai, para kAvya-bIja vaha sarjanAtmaka anubhUti hai jo sraSTA meM hai| usameM rasa sambhAvanA bana kara to rahegI hI, anyathA kAvya meM rasa kA phala kahA~ se lagegA? rasIle bIja aura rasIle phala meM antara avazya hai| itanA antara sraSTA aura rasayitA kI manodazA meM rhegaa| AcAryazrI ne Alocya kRti ke dUsare khaNDa meM sabhI rasoM kI carcA kI haiM- vIra, hAsya, raudra, vAtsalya, adbhuta, bhayAnaka, zRMgAra, bIbhatsa, para unakA pakSa hai ki rasarAja to 'zAnta' hI hai / vaha kahate haiM : "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai| yU~ gunagunAtA rahatA/santoM kA bhI antaHprAnta vaha |/"dhny ! rasa-rAja, rasa-pAka/zAnta-rasa kI upAdeyatA para / " (pR. 160) grantha kA pratipAdya zAnta rasa hai, jahA~ sAdhaka kumbha ne apanI aura apane nirdeza meM calane vAloM meM viSaya mAtra ke prati ruci aura saMskAra ko ni:zeSa kara diyA hai, kaSAya samApta kara diyA hai, zama puSTa hokara zAnta bana gayA hai aura AtmA vibhAvoM kA niSedha kara svabhAva meM sthita ho gayA hai| upadezaka aura racayitA kA eka antara sabase bar3A yaha hotA hai ki vaha apanI bhAvanAoM ko pAtra meM bharakara saMvAda kI picakArI calAtA hai / ata: kAvya vicAragarbha hone para bhI, upadeza garbha hone para eka pAtra ke mAdhyama se bhAvAviSTa dazA meM nikalate haiN| ata: pAThaka bhI pAtroM ke sAtha sukha-duHkha meM magna hotA huA anta taka rasavibhora hokara sAtha detA hai| jahA~ taka kRti meM merudaNDa sthAnIya vaicArikatA kA sambandha hai, vaha Adyanta bharA huA hai / vicAra sadAtana prakRti ke bhI haiM aura adyatana yA apane samaya ke bhii| sadAtana vicAradhArA 'mukti'-kAmI 'kumbha' yA 'mATI' kI yAtrA se sahaja sambaddha hai / mATI se kaMkara kA ni:sAraNa bhUtazuddhi kI prakriyA hai| kaSAya ke kAraNa AtmA para par3e vijAtIya dravyoM kA niHsAraNa hai| para vijAtIya dravyoM ke ni:sAraNa se hI kAma nahIM calatA, usake mUlasrota kaSAya ko bhI sukhAnA par3atA hai| kumbha meM sthita jalIya aMza usI kA pratIka hai jise kumbha tapasyA se sukhAtA hai / Age agniparIkSA meM kumbha avatIrNa hotA hai tathA bhavanAzinI bhAvanA-magna hotA hai / dayA, kSamA, ahiMsA, aparigraha, asteya, brahmacarya, darzana, adhyAtma, samatA, anekAnta, mokSa Adi para page-page carcA Adyanta vyApta hai / parasparApratiSTha 'rAmAyaNa' meM karuNa, 'mahAbhArata' meM zAnta', 'kirAtArjunIya' evaM 'zizupAlavadha' meM 'vIra' tathA 'naiSadhIyacarita' meM 'zRMgAra rasa' kA niSpAdana hai| 'raghuvaMza' kA vairasyAvasAna zAnta ke pakSa meM aura 'kumArasambhava' kA tArakasaMhAra paryavasAyI hone se vIra ke pakSa meM nirvAha hotA hai / vaicArika tattva sarvatra vidyamAna haiN| isa sAmya ke bAvajUda gRhastha aura muni ke vyaktitva bheda se antara ubhAra para spaSTa hI hogaa|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 25 vicAra sadAtana prakRti ke hI yahA~ vinyasta nahIM haiM, sAmayika sandarbho ke bhI haiN| kucha kAvya 'sAmayika' prakRti ke hote haiM aura kucha sadAtana' / sAmayika meM apane deza-kAla kI samasyAoM para vaicArika pratikriyA vyakta hotI hai jabaki sadAtana meM unase taTastha rahakara sadAtana 'bandhana'-'mukti' kI samasyAoM para / saMskRta ke ina paramparApratiSTha mahAkAvyoM meM atIta ke aitihAsika yA paurANika pAtroM ko AdhAra banAkara cirantana mUlyoM kI hI carcA kI gaI hai parantu Alocya kRti meM 'cirantana' ke sAtha 'adyatana' samasyAoM ko bhI liyA gayA hai / racanAkAra apane samaya kA hokara cirantana kA hotA hai to eka prakAra kI samagratA usameM lakSita hotI hai / isa kRti kI sabase pahalI vizeSatA to yahI hai ki isakA mukhya pAtra sarvasAdhAraNa mATI yA mUkamATI hai - dalitA, padadalitA / Aja ke pU~jIvAdI aura tAnAzAhI vRtti kI pratikriyA meM racayitA isI sAdhAraNa' kA pakSa letA hai aura usameM sambhAvanA ke rUpa meM nihita 'asAdhAraNatA' ko mUrta karanA cAhatA hai / kRti meM Aja ke tathAkathita rAjanayikoM kI, unakI tathAkathita sthitiyoM kI AlocanA kI hai| usane pU~jIvAda kI, tathAkathita lokatantra kI cunAvI paddhati aura usakI duSpariNati kI, 'samAjavAda', jahA~ 'maiM' pahale aura 'samAja' bAda meM rahatA hai- kI, parigrahI vaizyavarga kI, AtaMkavAda kI, pU~jIvAdI vRtti ke pratIka svarNa kI jaisI sAmayika samasyAoM kI carcA to kI hI hai, sAhitya kI samasyAoM para bhI yatra-tatra apane mata rakhe haiN| isa prakAra yaha cirantana viSayoM ke sAtha adyatana viSayoM ko bhI apanA varNyaviSaya banAtI huI dharma aura adhyAtma ke sAtha sAmAjikatA ko bhI apanI punIta kukSi meM sameTe huI hai| antima bindu paramparApratiSTha saMskRta mahAkAvyoM ke sAtha tulanA ke sandarbha meM AtI hai - abhivyakti kalA aura bhASA sauSThava kii| saMskRta mahAkAvya saMskRta bhASA meM likhe gae haiM aura prastuta kRti pariSkRta pariniSThita hindI meN| saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI layavattA nirdhArita chAndasa sA~coM meM baddha hai aura AlocyakRti kI layavattA mukta hai, svacchanda chandomaya hai| kAvyatattva yA bhASAgata kavitvocita tattva 'zabda kI zakti' aura 'sarjaka kI kalpanA yA pratibhA zakti' kA mukhApekSI hotA hai| yoM zabda meM bhI sarjaka kI pratibhA hI zakti bharatI hai| kula milAkara prAmukhya usI kA hI hai| paramparA meM 'nirukti' eka alaMkAra hai, jahA~ adbhuta aura camatkArI niruktiyoM dvArA camatkAra paidA kiyA jAtA hai| AcAryazrI ne bhI Alocya kRti meM niruktiyoM kI bAr3ha lagA dI hai| isa sandarbha meM unhoMne eka aura cAmatkArika praNAlI grahaNa kI hai aura vaha hai zabdoM ke vilomIkaraNa se artha dohana kI / paramparApratiSTha mahAkAvyoM meM, citrabandhoM meM yaha camatkAra milatA hai / isa kRti meM viloma pATha para (nadI meM dIna) bhI camatkAra nirbhara karatA hai / nArI (na+ari), mahilA (maha= utsava+lA = lAtI), abalA (ava= avagama+lA = lAtI), sutA (su+tA), duhitA (do hita vAlI), strI (s+trI-dharma-artha-kAmavAlI), mAtR (jJAnazakti) Adi niruktiyoM ke udAharaNa haiN| viloma paddhati ke udAharaNa haiM- rAkha=kharA, lAbha bhalA, rAhI =hIrA Adi / AlaMkArika abhivyakti se bhASA citrabhASA bana gaI hai| bhAvAveza meM AlaMkArika uktiyoM kA A jAnA unake 'apRthagyatlanivartyatva' kA jvalanta nidarzana hai| isake udAharaNa kahIM bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| pustaka kA prathama pRSTha kholate hI prAta:kAla kA AlaMkArika varNana, upamAoM kI mAlA dekhane ko milatI hai| caturtha khaNDa meM ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha' (pR. 349-352) kI mudrA para aneka kalpanAoM kA avirala pravAha anubhava yogya hai / eka udAharaNa : "prAcI kI goda se uchalA/phira/astAcala kI ora DhalA prakAza-puMja prabhAkara-sama/AgAmI andhakAra se bhayabhIta ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha " / " (pR. 351) isa taraha kI zatAdhika kalpanApravaNa paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA sakatI haiN| sArAMza yaha ki prastuta racanA kI bhASA pariSkRta
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________________ 26 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura prAMjala hone ke sAtha-sAtha apanI bhaMgimA meM nitAnta sakSama aura zakta hai| isa prakAra jaba hama paramparApratiSTha saMskRta mahAkAvyoM ke sAtha isa bhASA nibaddha atimaMjula kRti kI tulanA karate haiM taba pAte haiM ki kyA vastu vidhAna, pAtrayojanA, saMvAda vidhAna aura kyA bhAva vyaMjanA aura vicAra vinyAsa tathA bhASA bhaMgimA - sabhI binduoM para yaha apanA eka vaiziSTya aura pahacAna banAtI hai| sarvAdhika AkarSaNa aura rekhAMkana kA bindu hai isake mukhya pAtra kA sAdhAraNa stara se uThanA aura sarvotkRSTa bindu para pratiSThApanA / isase racayitA ne yaha batAyA ki koI bhI nAyaka ho sakatA hai| hara sattAvAn padArtha meM mahAsattA apanI pUrNa abhivyakti kI sambhAvanA rakhatI hai / AvazyakatA hai ahaMkAravihIna, samarpaNa zIla, yama-niyama - parAyaNa sAdhanA kI, titikSA kI, saMgharSa aura tUphAnoM meM bhI vizvAsa aura zraddhA kI lau ko na bujhane dene kii| sAdhanA se saba sambhava hai| dUsarA vaiziSTya hai cirantana viSayoM ke sAtha adyatana samasyAoM se bhI sampRkta rahane kii| apanI ina viziSTatAoM ke sAtha yaha mahAkAvya bhaviSya meM bhI sahRdaya pAThakoM ke bIca apanA sthAna nirmita karegA / OM pRSThancha aura machalI kahatI hai-: samAdhi ko basa dekha skuuN|
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________________ hindI kA kAlajayI mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' padmazrI yazapAla jaina 'mUkamATI' ko maiM AdyopAnta par3ha gayA huuN| isa kA nAma jaba maiMne pahalI bAra sunA to bar3A vicitra-sA lgaa| mATI jar3a hotI hai aura jar3a kabhI mukhara nahIM ho sktaa| lekina pustaka ko dekhA to merA bhrama sahaja hI dUra ho gyaa| jisa mUkamATI kI kalpanA pustaka meM kI gaI hai, vaha sAmAnya mATI nahIM hai| vaha asAmAnya hai| saritA taTa kI yaha mATI apanI vipannAvasthA se vyathita hokara 'mA~ dharatI' ke sammukha apanI vedanA ko vyakta karatI hai aura anta meM prArthanA karatI hai ki 'he mA~ ! mujhe pada do, patha do aura pAtheya bhI do|' dhariNI usase vicalita ho uThatI hai aura guru-gambhIra vANI meM usakI antarnihita sattA kI ora saMketa karatI hai| kahatI hai ki 'sattA zAzvata hotI hai aura pratisattA meM utthAna-patana kI amiTa sambhAvanAe~ samAhita rahatI haiM, jaise bIja meM vRkSa samAyA rahatA hai / samucita kSetra aura samucita khAda, havA aura jala use mila jAte haiM to vaha kucha hI samaya meM vizAla vaTa vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / yahI isakI mahattA hai / sattA zAzvata aura bhAsvata hotI hai|' Age vaha mArga sujhAtI hai : "... jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai| AsthA ke tAroM para hI/sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~ calatI haiM sAdhaka kI,/sArthaka jIvana meM taba svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !" (pR. 9) isake sAtha hI mATI kI akiMcanatAjanya AtmavaMcanA ko jhakajhorakara vaha kahatI hai : "tUne jo/apane Apako/patita jAnA hai/laghu-tama mAnA hai yaha apUrva ghaTanA/isalie hai ki/tUne/nizcita-rUpa se prabhu ko,/gurutama ko/pahacAnA hai !/terI dUra-dRSTi meM pAvana-pUta kA bimba/bimbita huA avazya ! asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA!" (pR. 9) phira vaha gahare marma kA udghATana karatI huI kahatI hai : "AsthA ke viSaya ko/AtmasAt karanA ho use anubhUta karanA ho/...to/sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa !" (pR. 10) kaha sakate haiM ki isI adhiSThAna para isa mahAkAvya kA bhavana khar3A kiyA gayA hai| cAra khaNDoM meM mATI kI jIvana-sAdhanA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai aura antata: usakI manokAmanA kI pUrti karAkara usake jIvana kI dhanyatA ujAgara kI hai| pahale khaNDa meM jIvana kA parizodhana hai / miTTI ke piNDa meM jo azuddha tattva mile haiM, unheM dUra karanA hai / kumbhakAra yahI karatA hai / khaNDa do meM batAyA gayA hai ki parizodhana kI isa prakriyA meM kitanI sAvadhAnI kI AvazyakatA hai| usameM
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________________ 28 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bAdhAe~ AtI haiN| unakA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie viveka anivArya hai / tIsare khaNDa kA sAra hai : 'mana, vacana, kAya kI nirmalatA se, zubhakarmoM ke sampAdana se, lokakalyANa kI kAmanA se puNya upArjita hotA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha se pApa phalita hotA hai|' isI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para kumbhakAra ke dvArA mATI ke vikAsa krama meM puNya karma kI zreyaskara upalabdhi citrita kI gaI hai / antima khaNDa isa pustaka kA sabase bar3A khaNDa hai / usakA paTala atyanta vyApaka hai / kumbhakAra kumbha kA nirmANa karatA hai, agni meM tapAtA hai aura anta meM ave se nikAla kara Thoka-bajA kara dekhatA hai| aura bhI aneka prasaMga isa khaNDa meM Ate haiN| prastuta mahAkAvya ke racayitA jainAcArya haiM / ata: yaha svAbhAvika hai ki isa kRti ke mAdhyama se unhoMne jaina darzana kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, lekina use aisA rUpa pradAna kiyA hai ki vaha sahaja hI sAmAnya pAThaka ke gale utara jAtA hai| yaha kahane meM tanika bhI atizayokti nahIM hai ki yaha mAnava jIvana kA mahAkAvya hai / pratyeka vyakti mUlata: akiMcana hotA hai / kintu usake bhItara mahAnatA kI amita sambhAvanAe~ chipI hotI haiN| jisa prakAra dIpaka kI lau ko Dhaka dene se usakA prakAza manda par3a jAtA hai, usI prakAra kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, matsara Adi se AtmA para AvaraNa car3ha jAtA hai aura usakA prakAza dhu~dhalA par3a jAtA hai| miTTI usI prArambhika avasthA kI pratIka hai| usake parizodhana kA artha hotA hai AtmA para par3e kaSAyoM ke AvaraNa kA haTa jaanaa| jisakI AtmA para se AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai, vaha vikAsa dvArA ucca sopAna para ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai| Age kI yAtrA phira utanI kaThina nahIM rhtii| vaise satata jAgarUkatA maMz2ila rUpa antima caraNa meM pahu~cane taka jarUrI hotI hai / mArtha tathA zodhArthiyoM ke lie yaha kRti eka rAjamArga prazasta karatI hai| lekina siddhi unhIM ko prApta hotI hai, jo sAdhanA karate haiN| mATI ko kumbhakAra sAfa karatA hai / usakI azuddhiyoM ko dUra karake use mRdu banAtA hai| phira cAka para ghumAtA hai, apanI kuzala uMgaliyoM se use AkAra detA hai, thapathapAtA hai taba jAkara kumbha taiyAra hotA hai| phira usakI agni parIkSA hotI hai / kaccA ghar3A to kabhI bhI phUTa sakatA hai| kumbhakAra use pakAtA hai, Aga meM tapAtA hai / taba kahIM aisA ghaTa taiyAra hotA hai jo jIvana kI sArthakatA prApta karatA hai| isI rUpaka ko mAnava jIvana ke sAtha jor3eM to kaha sakate haiM ki yaha zarIra mATI hai, usakA dhartA kumbhakAra hai aura parizodhana kI prakriyA sAdhanA hai| vismaya hotA hai ki eka dharmapuruSa kI kalpanA ne kitane virAT paTala kI racanA kI hai, aura usa para aise citra aMkita kie haiM ki pAThaka unameM DUba jAtA hai / pAThaka kA vibhrAnta mana vaha rAstA pA letA hai, jisakI tanadhArI manuSya abhIpsA karatA hai, lekina calate-calate bhaTaka jAtA hai / kAvya kI bhASA atyanta sarala hai, zailI rocaka hai, viSaya pratipAdana bodhagamya hai| bhASA kA pravAha anUThA hai| jahA~-jahA~ kavi ne prakRti kA citraNa kiyA hai, vahA~ pAThaka kA mana vibhora ho uThatA hai / kula milAkara maiM isa mahAkAvya ko hindI kI kAlajayI racanA mAnatA huuN| ise jo bhI par3hegA, use jIvanazodhana kI preraNA avazya milegii| isa dRSTi se kRtikAra hama sabake sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| lekina eka bAta maiM pustaka ke AkAra ke viSaya meM kahe binA nahIM raha sakatA / Aja kA mAnava samayAbhAva se AkrAnta hai / usake pAsa itanA samaya nahIM hai ki vaha itane vizAla grantha ko pddh'e| utanI paThana-pAThana meM ruci bhI nahIM hai / ataH pustaka ke katipaya vivaraNa kucha saMkSipta hote to adhika acchA hotaa| dUsare, kathAsUtra bhI kucha sImita kara diyA to pAThaka ke lie yaha mahAkAvya adhika rocaka aura saMgrAhya ho jAtA / bhASA bahuta sugama hai, pAribhASika
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 29 zabdAvalI ko racayitA ne bar3I kuzalatA se bacAyA hai, phira bhI bimba itane adhika ho gae haiM ki pAThaka kahIM-kahIM khosA jAtA hai / adhikAMzata: bhASA meM sauSThava hai, parantu kahIM-kahIM usameM sapATatA bhI hai| kAvya kI vizeSatA hI yaha hotI hai ki usakA pratyeka zabda artha-gAmbhIrya-yukta hotA hai / jayazaMkara prasAda kI kAmAyinI' isakA jvalanta dRSTAnta hai| bhASA sugaThita hotI hai to usakA rUpa nikhara AtA hai| pustaka kI sAmAnya maryAdAoM ke bAvajUda maiM hindI sAhitya meM use U~cA sthAna detA huuN| vaha udAtta vicAroM kA ananta bhaNDAra hai / eka prakAra se jIvana saMhitA hai / vaha ratnoM kA sAgara hai / isa sAgara meM jo jitanI gaharI DubakI lagAegA, utane hI anamola ratna usake hAtha lgeNge| merI AkAMkSA hai ki yaha pustaka pratyeka zikSita parivAra meM pahu~ce aura parivAra kA hara sadasya ise pddh'e| yaha pustaka preraNA kA akSayasrota hai / jIvana ke marma ko itane sarala DhaMga se hRdayaMgama karAne vAlI anya pustaka aba taka mere dekhane meM nahIM aaii| bar3A hI sAmAnya bimba lekara lekhaka AdhyAtmikatA kI atala gaharAI meM gae haiM aura unhoMne spaSTa kara diyA hai ki jIvana niSprayojanIya nahIM hai / usakA U~cA Adarza hai| pustaka kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki vaha jIvana se jur3I hai aura usakA viSaya pratipAdana itane sugama DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai ki sAmAnya zikSita vyakti bhI use samajha sakatA hai| usameM jaTila tAttvika vivecana nahIM hai, kliSTa zabdAvalI nahIM hai / isI se vaha sabake lie upAdeya hai| pAThaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI isa mahAn kRti ke lie cirakAla taka AbhArI rheNge| eka lekhaka ke nAte maiM kaha sakatA hU~ ki 'mUkamATI' eka kAlajayI racanA hai| AcAryazrI ko aisI jIvanopayogI racanA ke lie merI ora se hArdika abhinandana / maiM AzA karatA hU~ ki unakI lekhanI aba virAma nahIM legI aura isa prakAra kI aneka racanAe~ pAThakoM ko par3hane ke lie sulabha hoNgii| pRSTha para kyoMki, suno! ---- .... yAda dayA | /
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : pravacana mahAkAvya DaoN. vizvambhara nAtha upAdhyAya AcArya vidyAsAgara ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya likhA hai jo AkAra kI dRSTi se to mahAkAvya hI hai, isalie bhI ki yaha hindI kA 'pravacana mahAkAvya' hai| sAmAnya mahAkAvya kathApradhAna hote haiM para yahA~ jaina darzana aura sAdhanA ko, tarka-vitarka zailI meM kAvyAtmaka vidhi para prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AcArya ne kumbha aura kumbhakAra kA rUpaka prArambha se anta taka viniyukta kiyA hai aura seTha (gRhastha) tathA santa-sAdhaka kA kathAprasaMga bhI calAyA hai, kintu samagratA meM yaha kAvya kathApradhAna nahIM hai| prArambha meM 'mUkamATI' meM prakRti kA varNana hai para yahA~ sAmAnya dRzyAMkana nahIM, dRzyoM kA vicArIkaraNa adhika hai, jo bIca-bIca meM bhI hai : "karavaTeM badala rahI/prabhAta kI pratIkSA meN|/tthaapi, mATI ko rAtri bhI/prabhAta-sI lagatI hai :/du:kha kI vedanA meM jaba nyUnatA AtI hai/duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai| ...Aja-jaisA prabhAta/vigata meM nahIM milA/aura prabhAta Aja kA/kAlI rAtri kI pITha para/halakI lAla syAhI se kucha likhatA-sA hai, ki/yaha antima rAta hai/aura/yaha Adima prabhAta; yaha antima gAta hai/aura/yaha Adima virATa !" (pR. 18-19) dArzanika vivecana itane vistAra aura itmInAna se kiyA gayA hai ki tattva bodha ke jijJAsu ArAma se par3hate cale jAte haiN| dArzanikatA ko Aropita na kara sahaja DhaMga se samajhAyA gayA hai| aise prasaMgoM meM kavitA kama hai, para eka laya kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / vivecana meM kavitA kahIM-kahIM muhAvaredAra bhASA meM milatI hai : "dazA badala gaI hai/dazoM dizAoM kI/dharA kA udAratara ura aura/uru udara ye/guru - darAradAra bane haiM jinameM praveza pAtI haiM/Aga ugalatI havAyeM ye|" (pR. 177) kahIM-kahIM kavitA dRSTAnta rUpa meM bhI hai : "jala ko muktA ke rUpa meM DhAlane meM/zuktikA-sIpa kAraNa hai aura/sIpa svayaM dharatI kA aMza hai ||...jl ko jar3atva se mukta kara muktA-phala banAnA,/patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai| yahI dayA-dharma hai/yahI jiyA karma hai|" (pR. 193) prazna yaha hai ki pravacana ke lie gadya hI paryApta thA, kavitA kA prayoga pravacana ke lie kyoM kiyA gayA ? isakA uttara yahI ho sakatA hai ki yahI muni vidyAsAgara jI kI icchA hai, munIkSA! aura jo munIkSA hai, usase kavitA kA eka
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 31 nayA prakAra - pravacana kavitA' kA prAdurbhAva huA hai / kavitA kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kA yahI mahattva hai| tathApi yaha mana meM AtA hai ki kAza, 'mUkamATI' meM kavitA kI mAtrA adhika hotI ! jaba prakRti kA varNana karanA hI thA to z2arA jamakara kiyA jAtA, jaba dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM prakRti aura padArthoM kA viniveza karanA hI thA to dRzyoM kA vidhAna adhika mAtrA meM hotA aura taba unase AdhyAtmika artha nikAle jAte yA padArthoM ko pratIkatva pradAna kiyA jAtA kintu munIkSA nirNAyaka hai to kyA kahA jA sakatA hai ? tathApi, 'mUkamATI' meM eka vizeSa prakAra kA Ananda AtA hai aura yaha Ananda AcAryazrI kI tarka zailI ke kAraNa AtA hai| bhUmikA meM, AcArya vidyAsAgara ne Izvara kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana kiyA hai, jo tarkasiddha hai : "jinazAsana ke dharmopadeza ko AdhAra banAkara apane mata kI puSTi ke lie Izvara ko vizva-karmA ke rUpa meM svIkAranA hI Izvara ko pakSapAta kI mUrti, rAgI-dveSI siddha karanA hai| kyoMki unake kArya, kArya-bhUta saMsArI jIva, kucha nirdhana-kucha dhanI, kucha nirguNa-kucha guNI, kucha dIna-hIna-dayanIya-padAdhIna, kucha svatantra-svAdhIna-samRddha, ....kucha surUpasundara, kucha kurUpa-vidrUpa Adi-Adi kyoM haiM ?" ('mAnasa-taraMga, pR. XXIII ) - isI prakAra syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta, Adhunika jJAna aura vijJAna ke yuga meM adhika buddhisaMgata, adhika udAra aura adhika yuktisaMgata pratIta hote haiM / jainiyoM, bauddhoM aura AjIvakoM Adi ko nAstika isIlie kahA gayA hai ki ve veda ko pramANa nahIM mAnate aura vaidika paramparA meM jo brahma, AtmA Adi ko mAnA (jisa rUpa meM bhI) gayA hai, use nAstika matAvalambI nahIM mAnate / ve cetanA (Consciousness) ko to mAnate haiM kintu upaniSadoM yA vedAnta kI taraha kisI brahma yA Izvara kA aMza nahIM maante| cetanA kA utkarSa yoga dvArA sambhava hai, ataeva nAstika mata meM yoga kI svIkRti hai, kisI cirantana sattA kI nhiiN| kAlAntara meM jaina evaM bauddha paramparA meM svayaM inake pravartakoM-tIrthaMkaroM aura gautama buddha ko Izvara mAna liyA gayA aura yogiyoM ke ina sampradAyoM meM pUjA-upAsanA, mUrti ArAdhanA cala par3I kintu mUla tattva bodha meM Izvara nahIM hai, brahma nahIM hai, AtmA kA ajara-amara-akSaya rUpa (vaidika mata ke anurUpa) nahIM hai| bauddhoM meM nirAtmA yA nairAtmaya kA pratyaya milatA hai| Azcarya yaha hai ki jaba nairAtmya hai yA mAtra cetanA hai to nAstika matoM meM AvAgamana aura karma-phala, svarganaraka Adi kI dhAra oM ko mAnyatA kaise mila gaI ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki jaina aura bauddhoM ne isake lie apane-apane tarka die haiM kintu inake bAvajUda, brAhmaNavAdI yA vaidika paramparA meM inako svIkRti nahIM mila sakI aura isI kAraNa vaidika paramparA meM jo nyAyazAstra vikasita huA, usameM inakA vizada khaNDana huA hai| baharahAla, mUkamATI' meM jaina tattvajJAna ke pakSa meM vyavasthita rUpa meM, kAvyAtmaka rUpa dete hue jo tarkazRMkhalA aura dRSTAntoM kA silasilA hai, vaha apanI yuktizakti se prabhAvita karatA hai| isameM eka hI nyUnatA hai ki vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa, padArtha se cetanA ke guNAtmaka vikAsa ke jo tarka aura tathya haiM, unakA uttara nahIM diyA gyaa| yaha hotA to aura adhika bharA-pUrApana A jaataa| samagrataH 'mUkamATI' hindI meM eka sarvathA nae DhaMga kI racanA hai / ise rUr3higata dRSTi se nahIM dekhI jAnA cAhie ki yaha mahAkAvya hai yA khaNDakAvya- ina koTiyoM se yaha kAvya pare hai / ise eka nayA prayoga hI mAnanA cAhie aura isa prayogazIlatA tathA maulikatA ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' eka rocaka aura dilacaspa mahAkAvya yA bar3A kAvya hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara meM nizcaya hI kAvyAtmaka pratibhA hai aura unameM tattvajJAna ko spaSTa aura sAkAra karane kI kSamatA hai| maiM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ko isa racanA ke lie badhAI detA huuN|
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________________ darzana kI kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti : 'mUkamATI' zivakumAra zrIvAstava santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI racanA 'mUkamATI' utkRSTa kAvya kRti hai| yaha mahAkAvya hai / mahAkAvya kI zAstrIya paribhASA ke mAna se bhale hI yaha mahAkAvya nahIM hai, parantu rUDha artha yA paribhASA ko chor3a deM aura kevala utkRSTa kAvya racanA hone ke kAraNa ise dekheM-parakheM to yaha nizcita hI mahAkAvya hai| "lIka chor3a tInoM caleM, zAyara - siMha-sapUta" kahAvata ko caritArtha karate hue AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne mahAkAvya kI paripATI tor3a kara mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| mahAkavi ne apanI isa kRti meM mATI ko vyaktitva pradAna kiyA hai / mATI ke spandana kI pahacAna atirikta saMvedanazIla kavi ke hI bUte kI bAta hai| mATI ko mAdhyama banA kara mAnava jIvana ko samagratA meM, nikaSa para kasa kara parakhane kA anuSThAna 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI racanA hai| pUre kAvya meM A~suoM kI pavitra ArdratA aura AtmIya uSmA kA pAvana sparza hai, jo kaluSa ko ni:zeSa kara ke AtmA ko kaMcanavat karane kA sArthaka zrama hai / isa kAvya meM mATI ko hI nahIM, dharatI mA~ ko bhI vyaktitva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| ____kAvya kI prArambhika kucha paMktiyoM meM prakRti saundarya ke citraNa ke bAda mUka mATI dvArA dharatI mA~ ko sambodhita kara apanI manovedanA ko abhivyakti dene se rUpAkAra grahaNa karatA hai : "....saMkoca-zIlA/lAjavatI lAvaNyavatI-/saritA-taTa kI mATI apanA hRdaya kholatI hai/mA~ dharatI ke sammukha !/'svayaM patitA hU~ aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se/"adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ ! sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~'!" (pR. 4) kAvya ko nAma diyA hai 'mUkamATI', parantu kavi ne use mUka nahIM rahane diyA hai| usakI pIr3A, usakI vedanA, usakI yantraNA, usakI tar3apa, usakI kasaka evaM usakI TIsa ko kavi ne vANI dI hai| sAtha hI mATI ke bahAne sAdhanA ke, tapa ke, samarpaNa ke tathA loka kalyANa ke lie utsarga ke mArga para calane kI preraNA bhI dI gaI hai / mATI mUka hai-phira bhI mUka nahIM hai, mATI jar3a hai-parantu vaha kavi ke nikaTa, saMvedanazIla mana ke lie jar3a nahIM hai, cetana hai, spandamayI hai, saMvedanazIla mana ko usakI dhar3akana sunAI detI hai| isalie mUkamATI vyaktitva pA jAtI hai / kavi kI lekhanI se vaha dharatI mA~ ke sAmane apanA hRdaya kholane lagatI hai| dharatI mA~ bhI mauna nahIM rahatI / santAna ke paritApa para mamatA mauna raha hI nahIM sktii| dharatI kA kathana dArzanika satyoM kA udghATana karane lagatA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI santa haiN| unhoMne zramaNa saMskRti kA avagAhana kiyA hai evaM bhAratIya darzana ke mUla tattvoM ko svAdhyAya, cintana, manana se AtmasAt kiyA hai| unake kAvya kA Arambha to prakRti citraNa se hotA hai parantu zIghra hI zAzvata, maulika praznoM se hamArA sAmanA hone lagatA hai| bhAratIya medhA jisa kAraNa dArzanika cintana meM pravRtta hotI hai, vaha hai duHkha / usI duHkha kI sthiti, duHkha kA kAraNa aura usakA nivAraNa-ina samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie hI samasta RSiyoM-muniyoM ne, tapasvI sAdhakoM ne, manISiyoM-dArzanikoM ne, tarkazAstriyoM tathA matavAdoM ke pravartakoM ne sAdhanA kI aura cintana, manana, samArAdhana, AtmAnubhUti aura AtmasAkSAtkAra se jina sArvabhauma zAzvata satyoM ko upalabdha kiyA, ve mAnava mAtra kI mukti ke sopAna ke rUpa meM vAGmaya meM surakSita haiM / santa kavi ke lie yaha sahaja thA ki ve paramparA se haTate hue bhI paramparA ke rakSaNa meM duHkha aura usake nidAna ko apanI dRSTi meM hamezA banAe rkhte| mATI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 33 kA yaha kahanA - 'sukha muktA hU~, duHkha yuktA hU~'- kAvya meM darzana kI upasthiti darja karAtA hai / bhautika sukha samRddhi kI pAgala AkAMkSA se anuprerita andhI daur3a se utpanna sambhramoM, tanAvoM aura TUTana ke yuga meM Atma saMyama, Atmotsarga ke dvArA loka kalyANa kA mArga prazasta karane vAlA yaha kAvya usa yuga meM racA gayA hai, jaba yaha mAnA jAne lagA hai ki mahAkAvya atIta kI vastu ho gayA hai| yaha samasta mAnava samAja vaicArika sampadA kA amUlya upahAra hai / maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki kAvya racanA ke lie bhAvanA anivArya tattva hai / kavi bhAvuka hotA hai| jo bhAvuka nahIM hai, saMvedanazIla nahIM hai, kavi ho hI nahIM sakatA / parantu utkRSTa kAvya ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki bhAvanA kI nadI cintana ke samudra kI ora saMcaraNazIla ho aura kinAroM ko rasa plAvita karatI huI cintana ke, vicAroM ke sAgara meM visarjita ho / bhAvanA kI nadI kA cintana ke samudra meM visarjana aura cintana ke samudra kA bhAvanA kI nadI ko AtmasAt kara lenAutkRSTa kAvya ke lie anivArya AvazyakatA hai / avA, 'mUkamATI' isa dRSTi se utkRSTa kAvya racanA hai| dharatI mA~, mATI, kaMkara, rasanA, rassI, gadahA, cakra, daNDa, machalI tathA aura bhI aneka pratIka haiM, jinake dvArA mAnava jIvana kI vyAkhyA aura usake patha nirdhAraNa kA nirdeza yaha kAvya karatA hai / kalpAntaroM meM mAnavIya medhA ne jisa sArvakAlika, sArvabhauma satya kA anusandhAna kiyA hai, vaha kahAvatoM meM, muhAvaroM meM, sUtroM meM- hara bhASA tathA hara jAti kI smRti meM saMcita hai - 'mUkamATI' meM vaha saba antarni hai / pUrA kAvya mukta chanda meM hai / parantu pratyeka paMkti gati, yati ke sAtha antaHsUtra kI taraha upasthita chanda kA hissA hai aura isa taraha 'mUkamATI' kAvya mukta chanda meM kara bhI chanda yukta hai / zabda ke vyaktitva se, usakI sampUrNa vyApti aura vistAra meM pahacAna kavi ke lie, kavitA ke lie Avazyaka hai / santa kavi vidyAsAgarajI ne zabda kI sArthakatA aura zakti para jaisA adhikAra apanI sAdhanA se prApta kiyA hai, vaha apratima hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI racanA ke lie mahAkavi vidyAsAgarajI praNamya haiM / pRSTha 40 para ke prati bhagavAna se prArthanA karatA hai ki
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka rUpaka mahAkAvya DaoN. nagendra AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' eka rUpaka mahAkAvya hai / yahA~ prastuta rUpaka meM miTTI ke AtmanirmANa kI kathA kA varNana hai aura aprastuta rUpa meM AtmA kI mukti kI sAdhanA kI vyaMjanA hai| isa prakAra kavi ne atyanta kauzala ke sAtha adhyAtma tattva aura kavitva kA sundara samanvaya kiyA hai / darzana zAstra tathA kAvya zAstra donoM meM niSNAta kavi kI abhivyaMjanA zailI praur3ha evaM artha garbhita hai / bhASA puSTa aura alaMkRta hai| merA sAdhuvAda / AdhyAtmika AdhAra vAlA pahalA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' pro. (DaoN.) vijayendra snAtaka khar3I bolI aura mukta chanda meM AdhyAtmika AdhAra dekara likhA gayA 'mUkamATI' pahalA mahAkAvya hai / dharatI para yadyapi kaviyoM ne likhA hai aura kucha racanAoM meM mATI kA ullekha bhI AyA hai, para isa mahAkAvya meM mATI ko AtmA kA pratIka mAnakara varNana huA hai / isalie isakA adhyayana sAhityika kRti ke rUpa meM nahIM balki AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM karanA cAhie / kAvya kI bhASA yadyapi bahuta sarala hai kintu artha bahuta gUr3ha aura marmasparzI hai| jaina darzana kA adhyayana kie binA isake sAtha nyAya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha eka anUThA grantha hai| aba taka dharatI para hI kavitAe~ likhI gaIM / miTTI para kisI kA dhyAna hI nahIM gayA / digambara jainAcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne miTTI para yaha mahAkAvya likhakara sAhitya ke kSetra meM mahAn yogadAna diyA hai| bauddha aura jaina darzana ko nAstika darzana kahA jAtA hai, parantu yaha dhAraNA bilakula mithyA hai / jaina darzana anya sabhI dharmoM se adhika Astika hai / kevala jaina hI sabase adhika AstikatA se pUjA-pATha tathA anya dhArmika kArya karate haiN| jaina dharma kabhI bhI par3osI kI tarapha IrSyA se nahIM dekhatA, isIlie yaha Aja taka aDiga khar3A hai| ['navabhArata TAimsa' (dainika) naI dillI, 21 janavarI, 1989 evaM 'digambara jaina mahAsamiti patrikA', (pAkSika) jayapura, rAjasthAna, 1 pharavarI, 1989] pRSTha 14-15 aba mauna kA maMgarotAhai 'mATI kI ora se- - ra yaha mArmika uyana Tai,mA
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________________ zrI aravinda kI 'sAvitrI' aura AcArya vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI': eka tulanAtmaka dRSTi DaoN. devakInandana zrIvAstava svarUpa, preraNA, bhAvabhUmi, pratipAdya viSaya, pAtra yojanA, bhASA zailI, pratIka vidhAna, vicAradhArA aura sandeza ityAdi vividha pakSoM kA pArasparika vaibhinya hote hue bhI zrI aravinda kI sAvitrI' aura AcArya vidyAsAgara kA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya bhAratIya vAGmaya kI adhyAtmaparaka kAvya paramparA meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| isI dRSTi se ina donoM kAvyakRtiyoM kI sApekSika tulanAtmaka carcA sambhava hai| zrI aravinda kI 'sAvitrI' eka saMsiddha RSi kI yogaparaka madhumatI bhUmikA meM avatarita ArSa mahAkAvya haiM, jo eka sAtha hI mahAkAvya aura pratIkAtmaka gAthA bhI hai aura usakI mUla preraNA vaidika evaM paurANika vAGmaya meM vidyamAna hai / 'mUkamATI' eka manISI jaina muni-AcArya kA pragItAtmaka prabandhakAvya hai jisakI mUla preraNA jaina darzana ke adhyAtmacintana meM hai| 'sAvitrI' kI kathAvastu kA srota mahAbhArata kA prakhyAta sAvitrI upAkhyAna hai, jise kavi ne eka viziSTa pratIkAtmaka arthavattA pradAna kI hai| 'mUkamATI' kI kathAvastu mukhyataH kavi kalpanA prasUta hai, jisake mAdhyama se usane 'mATI' ke mauna kI sUkSma gAthA ke rUpa meM dharatI kI vedanA ko mukhara kiyA hai| 'sAvitrI' kA mukhya pratipAdya martya prakRti kA amaratva meM rUpAntara hai / 'mUkamATI' kA pratipAdya Aja kI AtaMkavAdI evaM kuNThAgrasta manovRttiyoM ke sthAna meM udAtta naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA hai / 'sAvitrI' ke pAtra prakhyAta, paurANika evaM aitihAsika vyakti hote hue bhI pratIkAtmaka rahasyamayatA ke stara para navIna ho uThe haiM / 'mUkamATI' ke pAtra sUkSma evaM pratIkAtmaka hote hue bhI jIvana kI vibhinna mana:sthitiyoM ke pratinidhi rUpa meM jIvanta ho uThe haiN| 'sAvitrI' kA parama sandeza prakRti ke sarvAMgINa rUpAntara dvArA divya vaizva prema kA zAzvata Adarza hai| 'mUkamATI' kA carama sandeza vaizva ahiMsA ke mAdhyama se jana-jana vyApI karuNA evaM saMvedanA kA jAgaraNa hai| 'sAvitrI' atimAnasika bhAvabhUmi para atimAnava ke divya avataraNa kA kAvya hai / 'mUkamATI' uccatara mAnasika bhAvabhUmi para laghumAnava kI sUkSma evaM udAtta mahimA kA kAvya hai / 'sAvitrI' meM AMgla bhASA kI prakRti ke anurUpa zabda zilpa, artha vyaMjanA, mukta chanda vidhAna evaM laya-saMgIta kA nirvAha huA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM hindI bhASA kI prakRti ke anurUpa varNa maitrI, artha saraNi, mukta vRtta vidhAna evaM laya kI abhivyakti huI hai| 'sAvitrI' meM zAstraniSTha (klaoNsikala) abhijAta pratipAdana paddhati kI chApa hai| 'mUkamATI' meM lokaniSTha janacetanA kI saMvAhaka prayoga paramparA kA pravAha hai / 'sAvitrI' meM yoga, darzana, vijJAna evaM adhyAtma ke aneka gUr3ha rahasyoM kA adbhuta samanvaya huA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM jaina darzana ke anurUpa mAnavatAvAdI naitikatA tathA jaina dhyAna-sAdhanA kI AdhyAtmika manobhUmi kA spandana hai| sAvitrI' prajJA pradhAna RcAkAvya kI koTi meM AtA hai jisameM parAcetanA ke atimAnasika cidAnanda ke stara para divya rasa kI niSpatti huI hai / 'mUkamATI' mananapradhAna saMvedanAparaka kAvya hai, jisameM Urvonmukha evaM antarmukhI cetanA ke vizvavyApI prazAnti ke stara para zreSTha bhAvayoga kA nirvAha huA hai| 'sAvitrI' prema-saundarya-Anandaparaka saMcaraNa bhUmi para parama Rt, cit evaM satya ke sAkSAtkAra kA mahima mantrakAvya hai| 'mUkamATI' nIti, darzana, ahiMsA evaM karuNAparaka bhAvabodha ke dharAtala para yathArtha yuga cetanA ke ghaTATopa ke bhItara se jhA~kate hue bhAvI mAnava kalyANa ke AhvAna kA sandeza kAvya hai / 'sAvitrI' parama vyoma kI cinmaya tanmayatA ke spandana se aNu-aNu, paramANu-paramANu ke bhAgavata rUpAntara kA udghoSaka bhaviSyagAmI vikAsa yAtrA kA saMvAhaka udgItha hai| 'mUkamATI' vasundharA kI raja-raja ke kaNa-kaNa kI UrjA meM vyApta usakI cidambarA saMvedana dhArA
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________________ 36 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kA sampreSaka udgAra hai / 'sAvitrI' aura 'mUkamATI' kI preraNA bhUmi, pratipAdya lakSya evaM abhivyaMjanA zilpa ke sama-viSama AyAmoM ke digdarzana ke uparAnta ubhaya kRtiyoM kA kiMcit svatantra sApekSika mUlyAMkana bhI apekSita hai| bhaviSyadraSTA divyasraSTA zrI aravinda kA ArSa mahAkAvya 'sAvitrI' mantrakAvya hai, RcAkAvya hai / mantra kI racanA nahIM hotI, mantra kA darzana hotA | 'sAvitrI' mantradraSTA kI pazyantI vANI ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta atimAnasa cetanA kA saMvAhaka rahasyavAdI mahAkAvya hai, jisakA avataraNa avAGmanasagocara saccidAnandamaya parama vyoma ke soma srotoM se huA hai| zrI aravinda kI vaizva bhAgavata saMsiddhi ke aneka rahasyamaya AyAmoM ko AtmasAt karane vAlI 'sAvitrI' vastuta: unake samagra jIvana kI udAttatama upalabdhi hai| mUla kathA vyAsa ke mahAbhArata se grahaNa kI gaI hai para zrI aravinda ne use apanI adbhuta divyabhAvayoga prerita kArayitrI pratibhA ke saMsparza se sarvathA abhinava pariveza pradAna kara diyA hai| sArI kathA eka gAthA mAtra na hokara eka pratIka bana gaI hai jisameM kathA, gAthA, itihAsa aura adhyAtma kA virAT samanvaya caritArtha huA hai| mahAbhArata mUla kathA ke DhA~ce ko surakSita rakhate hue zrI aravinda ne use atIta ke camatkAraka itivRtta ke dharAtala se uThA kara bhaviSya ke saMskAraka cinmaya satya Urdhva zikharoM para pratiSThita kiyA hai| mahAbhArata kI 'sAvitrI' eka pativratA bhAratIya nArI ke samujjvala Adarza tathA usake bala para pati satyavAna ke punarjIvana kI varadAna prApti kI gAthA mAtra hai| zrI aravinda kI 'sAvitrI' satyavAna kI ananya anurAginI jIvanasaMginI hone ke sAtha-sAtha parAtparA zakti kA avatAra hai, jo mAtra apane pati ke punarjIvana dAna se santuSTa na hokara sArI mAnavatA, sArI dharatI ke sanAtana amaratva kI pratiSThA hetu kRta saMkalpa hai : Savitri is represented in the poem as an incarnation of The Divine Mother. This incarnation is supposed to have taken place in far past times when the whole thing had to be opened, so as to "how the ways of Immortality". - Shri Aurobindo - Letters on 'Savitri' (P.729) I sAvitrI martya ke amaratva kA, mRtyu kI mRtyu kA kAvya hai / zrI aravinda kA satyavAna paramA zaktisvarUpiNI sAvitrI dvArA varaNa kie hue cinmaya puruSa kA narAvatAra hai| sAvitrI ke mAnava pitA azvapati dharA para jIvana ke sanAtana amaratva kI pratiSThA hetu parAtparA paramA zakti ke avataraNa kA AvAhana karane vAle rAjarSi haiM, jinakA tapa, jinakA pUrNayoga mAtra vyaSTi siddhi ke lie nahIM varan samaSTi saMsiddhi ke vyApaka uddezya se prerita hai / zrI aravinda ke sAvitrI mahAkAvya meM sAvitrI - satyavAna kI gAthA anya vaidika gAthAoM kI paramparA meM eka zAzvata caitanya kI vikAsa kathA kA pratIka bana gaI hai| isa stara para prastuta gAthA ke sabhI pramukha pAtra apanA aitihAsika astitva rakhate hue bhI kinhIM viziSTa tattvoM ke pratIka haiN| satyavAna apane bhItara sattA ke bhAgavata satya ko dhAraNa kie hue AtmA hai, jo maraNa aura ajJAna ke pAza meM ba~dha kara avatarita huA hai| 'sAvitrI' divya zabda hai, savitA kI putrI hai, parama satya kI devI hai, jo lokarakSArtha dharA para avatarita hotI hai| 'sAvitrI' kA mAnava pitA azvapati tapasyA ke AdhyAtmika puruSArtha kI saMkendrita UrjA ke pratIka haiM jo hameM martya se amartya staroM para ArohaNa karane meM sahAyaka haiN| satyavAna kA pitA dyumatsena bhAgavata mana hai, jo apanI divya dRSTi kA sAmrAjya khokara aura usI ke kAraNa dIptihIna hokara andhA ho gayA hai : The tale of satyavan and savitri is recited in The Mahabharata as a story of conjugal love conquering death. But this legend is, as shown by many features of the human tale, one of many symbolic myhts of the vedic cycle. Satyavan is the soul carrying the divine truth of being within itself but descended into the grip of death and ignorance; Savitri is the divine word, daughter of the Sun, goddess of supreme truth who comes down and is born to save; Aswapati, the lord of the Horse, her
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 37 human father, is the lord of Tapasya, the concentrated energy of spiritual endeavour that helps us to rise from the mortal to the immortal planes. Dyumatsena, the lord of the Shining Hosts, father of Satyavan, is the Divine Mind here fallen blind, loosing its celestial kingdom of vision, and through that loss of its kingdom of glory. - Shri Aurobindo on 'Savitri'.(Author's Note) ina pratIkArthoM kA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki sArI gAthA mAtra kAlpanika hai aura usakA apanA aitihAsika astitva sandigdha hai | isa sambhAvita bhrama kA nirAkaraNa karate hue svayaM zrI aravinda ko spaSTa karanA par3A hai ki " bhI yaha (kathA) rUpaka mAtra nahIM hai; pAtra mAtra mAnavIkRta guNa nahIM haiM varan jIvanta aura sacetana zaktiyoM ke avatAra athavA abhivyakta rUpa haiM jinake sthUla saMsparza meM hama praveza karate haiM aura ve mAnava kI sahAyatArtha mAnava deha dhAraNa karate haiM tathA use usakI martya avasthA se divya cetanA aura amara jIvana kA patha dikhAte haiN|" Still this is not a mere allegory; the characters are not personified qualities, but incarnations or emanations of living and conscious forces with whom we can enter into concrete touch and they take human bodies in order to help man and show him the way from his mortal state to a devine consciousness and immortal life. - Sri Aurobindo on 'Savitri' (Author's Note) azvapati samagra 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya kI AdhyAtmika UrjA ke merudaNDa haiM jisa para sArI kathA aneka AyAmoM kI ora agrasara hotI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai mAnoM svayaM zrI aravinda kI sArI yogasAdhanA aura atimAnasika rUpAntara kI siddhi kA svarUpa azvapati ke rUpa meM mUrtimAn ho uThA hai / adamya abhIpsA aura sarvAMgINa samarpaNa ke sahAre cetanA ke UrdhvArohaNa, nAnA rahasyamaya bhAvalokoM meM saMcaraNa tathA sArI pRthvI evaM samagra prakRti ke bhAgavata rUpAntara hetu paramA zakti ke avataraNa kA virAT saMkalpaniSTha AhvAna jisa tIvra saMvega aura tanmaya tatparatA ke sAtha varNita hai, usake bhItara paga-paga para pUrNayoga ke pravartaka divya jIvana ke draSTA tathA eka samujjvala bhaviSya ke sraSTA zrI aravinda kI nirantara pragatimukhI, satata vikasanazIla evaM uttarottara navanirmANonmukha atimAnasa cetanA kI bhAsvara razmiyoM ke darzana hote haiN| 'pratIka USA' (Symbol Dawn ) se 'sanAtana divasa' (Eternal Day) taka kI maMgalamayI vikAsayAtrA kA mahAkAvya 'sAvitrI' mUlata: azvapati kI yoga sAdhanA kA hI pratiphala hai, jo sRSTi kI jaTila pahelI kI, usakI nAnA rahasyamayI samasyAoM, viDambanAoM evaM sambhAvanAoM kI, gaharAI meM praveza karake kramazaH jIvAtmA evaM paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA samyak sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, aneka gahana andhakAramaya aura Urdhva Alokamaya lokoM ke bIca saMcaraNa karatA huA kSudra ahaMbhAva se paramabhAva taka kI sthitiyoM meM lIna hokara jIvana aura jagat kI preraka zaktiyoM kA prAmANika paricaya prApta karatA hai aura dharatI kI pukAra kA pratinidhitva karatA huA apane prabala saMkalpapUrNa AhvAna dvArA parAtparA zakti ko - bhagavatI mAtA ko- 'sAvitrI' ke rUpa meM avatarita hone ko vAtsalya- vivaza karatA hai / 'sAvitrI' ke prathama bhAga meM varNita gAthA kA kendrIya pAtra azvapati hI hai jo nirjJAna evaM ajJAna ke pAza se AtmA kI mukti, guhya jJAna, jIva kI svatantratA ke prati saceta hokara vibhinna lokoM kA yAtrI banatA hai / vaha kramaza: sUkSma jar3a tattva ke rAjya, prANatattva ke utthAna - patana, kSudra prANa ke rAjya, kSudra prANa ke adhidevoM, mahattara prANa ke rAjya evaM adhidevoM kA paricaya pAkara ajJAna kI rAtri, mithyAtva ke jagat, azubha kI jananI tathA andhakAra ke putroM ke bIca hotA huA prANika devoM ke bhoga-loka kA vaibhava dekhatA hai / tatpazcAt kSudra mana aura mahattara mana ke rAjya evaM adhidevoM kA darzana karatA huA 'Adarza ke svargoM' meM hote hue mana ke svatva meM sthita hokara vizvAtmA tathA mahattara jJAna ke rAjyoM meM praveza karatA hai| cetanA kI isa lambI ArohaNa yAtrA ke anantara ajJeya kI khoja meM pravRtta hokara bhagavatI mAtA
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________________ 38 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA upAsanA meM lIna hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa svayaM adhyAtmaniSTha hokara naI sRSTi kA adhiSThAna bana kara paramA zakti ke darzana evaM divya varadAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| isa prakAra azvapati kI isa yogasAdhanA aura yogasiddhi kI gAthA zrI aravinda kI lambI yogasAdhanA evaM yogasiddhi ke itihAsa kA pratirUpa bana gaI hai| 'eka devatA kA zrama' (A god's labour) jaisI rahasyodghATinI kavitA meM dharatI kI jar3atA kI atala gaharAiyoM se nirantara jUjhate hue samasta prakRti ke bhAgavata rUpAntara ke mahat saMkalpa ko caritArtha karane kI adamya UrjA kA akhaNDa srota pravAhita karane vAle mantradraSTA evaM bhaviSyasraSTA zrI aravinda kI jisa athaka tapasyA kI abhivyakti huI hai, usakA ghanIbhUta svarUpa azvapati kI tapagAthA meM pratyakSa hai / isa prakAra 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya zrI aravinda ke samagra vyaktitva evaM kartRtva ko AtmasAt kie hue hai| 'divya jIvana' (Life Divine ) aura 'yoga samanvaya' (Synthesis of Yoga) jaisI kRtiyoM meM sambodhi aura sahaja prajJA kI jo abhivyakti huI hai vaha mAnoM 'sAvitrI' meM Akara saccidAnandamaya sahajAnubhUti kI carama pariNati ko pahu~ca gaI hai| isa dRSTi se 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya sacce arthoM meM adhimAnasa bhAva bhUmi para atimAnasa parama vyoma ke UrdhvazikharoM se avatarita parAvANI ko saMvahana karane vAlA RcAkAvya-divya mantrakAvya hai / azvapati kI tapagAthA sAvitrI mahAkAvya kI AdhArazilA hai| 'sAvitrI' ke dvitIya bhAga ke antargata 'divya jvAlA ke janma evaM zaizava' zIrSaka sarga se mAnavI 'sAvitrI' kI mUla kathA Arambha hotI hai| yahIM se vyAsa ke 'mahAbhArata' ke 'sAvitrI upAkhyAna' kA AdhAra grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isake pUrva prathama bhAga kA vipula varNana - vistAra vaidika sAhitya ke rahasyamaya pratIkavAda tathA svayaM zrI aravinda kI nijI RtambharA medhA aura pazyantI prajJA kI guhya evaM AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyoM para AdhArita hai / 'sAvitrI' ke prathama bhAga meM kathA evaM gAthA kA rUpa gauNa hai aura adhyAtmaniSTha yogasAdhanA kI sUkSma bhAvayAtrA kA rUpa pradhAna / isa prakAra azvapati kI tapagAthA parokSa rUpa meM pUrNayoga ke pravartaka divya jIvana ke gAyaka aura maMgalamaya bhAgavata bhaviSya ke purodhA zrI aravinda kI hI rahasyamayI AtmakathA hai / 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya vaidika pratIkavAda aura upaniSadoM ke adhyAtmavAda kA paramparAgata purAkhyAna mAtra na hokara eka nUtana bhaviSyonmukha jIvanadarzana kA rUpa pradAna karatA hai aura isa prakriyA meM vartamAna vizva kI aneka paheliyoM ko ujAgara karatA huA unake samAdhAna kA sandeza detA hai / isa dRSTi se 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya eka sAtha Adhunika yugabodha aura bhaviSyadarzana kA kAvya hai / prAcIna bhAratIya darzana aura Adhunika pAzcAtya vijJAna kI jAne kitanI mAnyatAoM aura avadhAraNAoM kA usameM adbhuta samanvaya huA hai| mAnavIya cetanA kI bhAvayAtrA aura pArthiva prakRti kI vikAsa yAtrA kI gAthA usameM eka sAtha varNita hai| 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya ke prathama bhAga ke Arambhika do sargoM meM 'pratIka USA' (Symbol Dawn ) tathA 'mUla samasyA' (The Issue) zIrSakoM ke antargata dharatI para paramA zakti 'sAvitrI' ke AvirbhAva evaM saMcaraNa kI jo jhalaka citrita hai, vaha bar3I nATakIya zailI meM prastuta kI gaI hai aura usake AvAhaka azvapati kI vizvakalyANa prerita tapasyA vizada gAthA kI pRSThabhUmi hai / 'sAvitrI' ke Arambhika do sarga bar3I rahasyamayI bhASA-zailI meM samagra mahAkAvya ke pramukha saMketa sUtroM kA udghATana karate hue eka prakAra se usake purovacana athavA prastAvanA kA rUpa prastuta karate haiN| isa aMza meM Rgveda ke uSA sUkta kI-sI manorama abhivyakti huI hai jisake mAdhyama se sRSTi ke prathama prabhAta kI bhavyatA kA AkarSaka unmeSa mizrita hai| 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya kA prathama sUtra vAkya hI apane Apa meM eka rahasyamaya mantra hai jo sAvitrI ke AvirbhAva ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 39 bhAgavata muhUrta tathA vizva sRSTi ke navonmeSa kI aneka AdhyAtmika sambhAvanAoM kA unmIlana karatA hai ki "yaha vaha ghar3I thI jaba devatA jage nahIM the|" It was the hour before the gods awake.-Savitri. [1/1/1, Pg.1] isa vAkya kI bar3I mArmika vyathA svayaM zrI mA~ ne kI hai jisakA Azaya yahI hai ki yaha vaha muhUrta thA jaba cit, Ananda, satya aura jIvana se paripUrNa sattA apane mUla Adya svarUpa meM avyaktAvasthA se abhivyakti kI ora agrasara hone vAlI thI, Urdhva paramasattA meM pArthiva sRSTi kA prArambhika spanda hote hI gupta rUpa se abhAvAtmaka zaktiyoM kA praveza huA aura apane mUla srota se vicalita hokara cit acit meM, Ananda viSAda meM, satya mithyAtva meM aura jIvana mRtyu meM pariNata huA-tabhI unake nirAkaraNArtha divya prakAza kI pratinidhi devazaktiyoM ke jAgaraNa kI apekSA huI aura yaha jAgaraNa mAnoM savitA kI putrI, divya zabda kI adhiSThAtrI devamAtA aditisvarUpiNI sAvitrI ke avataraNa kA sahaja pariNAma thA / tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa bhAgavata muhUrta meM sAvitrI kA saMcaraNa hotA hai usa gahana andhakAra meM eka mAtra paramA zakti kA hI eka mAtra divya prakAza prakRti ko Alokita kara rahA thaa| pratIka USA' bhAvI maMgalamaya sanAtana bhAgavata divasa kI sambhAvanA kA saMketa mAtra hai| dvitIya sarga meM sAvitrI apane dRr3ha, adamya saMkalpa se niyati ko cunautI dene kA nizcaya karatI hai| usakI akelI saMkalpazakti vaizva niyama kA virodha karane ko tatpara hotI hai aura yaha saMkalpazakti usake agAdha vizvaprema kA dyotaka thA : Love in her was wider than The Universe, The whole world could take refuge in her single heart. ...Her single will opposed the Cosmic rule.- Savitri. [1/1/2, Pg.15 & 19] tRtIya sarga meM lokamaMgalakAmI azvapati ke usa mahattara vyaktitva kI jhalaka hai jo eka mahattara jagat kA draSTA thaa| AGreater being sawagreater world. - Savitri. [1/1/3, Pg.26] 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya kA dvitIya bhAga mUlata: sAvitrI ke mAnavIya janma, karma, zIla, saundarya evaM mAdhurya kA divya AkhyAna hai, jisake antargata isa divya jvAlA ke janma, zaizava, vikAsa evaM abhIpsA sAvitrI aura satyavAna ke Akasmika milana, nArada ke mukha se satyavAna kI mAtra eka varSa kI zeSa alpAyu kI bhaviSyavANI ke rUpa meM niyati kI ghoSaNA, satyavAna ke prati sAvitrI kI ananya anurakti kI pragAr3hatA aura bhAvI saMkaTa kI ghar3I kI anavarata pratIkSA ke bIca sAvitrI ke antardvandva evaM Atmasantulana tathA vana meM satyavAna ke tathAkathita dehAvasAna kA nATakIya evaM manovaijJAnika varNana hai / yaha bhAga mAnavIya saMvedanoM kI aneka mArmika abhivyaMjanAoM se samRddha hai aura mahAkavi kI rAgAtmikA vRtti kI agAdha gaharAI aura sAtha hI usakI sAMskRtika cetanA kI saMcaraNabhUmi ko ujAgara karatA hai| 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya mAtra yogasaMsiddhiyoM kI gAthA na hokara eka sarasa kAvya bhI hai jisameM mAnavIya anurAga bhAva ko divya prema ke mahAbhAva kI udAtta bhAvabhUmi para pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| sAvitrI kI satyavAna ke prati ananya prema kI abhivyaMjanA deha, prANa, mana aura antarAtmA ke sabhI staroM kA nirvAha karatI huI prema ko jIvana ke virATa evaM zAzvata satya ke rUpa meM saMsthApita karatI hai| isa sandarbha meM sarvAdhika mArmika prasaMga vaha hai jahA~ nArada kI bhaviSyavANI ke kAraNa avasAdagrasta mAtA-pitA ke samajhAne para sAvitrI unmukta hRdaya se ghoSita karatI hai ki satyavAna kA jIvana yadi mAtra eka varSa ke lie ho to vahI usake lie samagra jIvana hai aura isa prema ke AhlAda ke samakSa sahasra bhAgyazAlI varSoM kA vaibhava dAridraya hai|
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________________ 40 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA If for a year, that year is all my life. ... This, this is the first, last joy and to its throb The riches of a thousand fortunate years Are A poverty. - Savitri. [2/6/1, Pg. 435] paramparAgata purAkhyAna kI satI sAdhvI sAvitrI ke pativratA rUpa ko zrI aravinda ne eka abhinava aura pUrNatara pariveza pradAna kiyA hai / sAvitrI kahatI hai ki "maiM mRtyu se dRr3hatara hU~ aura apane bhAgya se bhI mahattara hU~ | merA prema jagat se adhika cirajIvI hai, merA saMkaTa merI amaratA ke samakSa bebasa hokara gira jAegA / " I am stronger than death and geater than my fate; My love shall out last The World, doom falls from me Helpless against my immortality. - Savitri. [2/6/1, Pg.432] "merA prema bhAgya ke bandhanoM se dRr3hatara hai / " My love is stronger than the bonds of fate.-Savitri. [3/10/3, Pg. 633] bhAgya ke vidhAna ko badala dene kI adamya saMkalpa zakti se samRddha yaha anurakti isa sandeza kI ghoSaNA hai ki " prema jIvana kA sanAtana aura mahattama satya hai / " Our love is the heavenly seal of The Supreme For Love is the bright link twixt earth and heaven Love is the far transcendent's angel here; Love is man's lien on the Absolute.- Savitri. [ 3/10/3, Pg. 633] 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya kA tRtIya bhAga satyavAna ke sUkSma zarIra ke sAtha kAlapuruSa kI gati kA anusaraNa karatI huI sAvitrI kI aneka sUkSma lokoM meM guhya yAtrA kI gAthA hai jisameM divya sandeza kI vAhikA divya nArI kI adbhuta zakti kI pratiSThA huI hai / For I, the Woman, am the force of god. - Savitri [ Pg. 633] 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya kA sarvAdhika maulika sandeza usake tRtIya bhAga ke ekAdaza khaNDa 'sanAtana divasa' (Eternal Day) meM mukhara huA hai jisake antargata sAvitrI satyavAna ke punarjIvana mAtra se santuSTa na hokara samagra sRSTi ke amaratva kA varadAna prApta karane meM samartha hotI hai| yaha sanAtana divasa vastuta: 'pratIka USA' ke vikAsa kI carama pariNati hai jo itihAsa, kathA aura pratIka, sabhI ke staroM para caritArtha huI hai / 'sAvitrI' mahAkAvya ke antima aMzoM meM dharatI aura mAnavatA ke maMgalamaya ujjvala bhaviSya ke prati balavatI AsthA mAtra nahIM, varan sampUrNa dharatI para divya bhAgavata jIvana kI avazyambhAvI abhivyakti kA Anandonmukha AzvAsana udghoSita hai - sArI prakRti gupta Izvara ko vyakta karegI, antarAtmA mAnavalIlA ko dhAraNa karegI aura yaha pArthiva jIvana divya jIvana meM pariNata hogA / Nature shall live to manifest the secret god, The spirit shall take up the human play, This earthly life become the life divine. - Savitri [ 1/11/1, Pg.710] 'mUkamATI' tattvadraSTA manISI kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA praNIta kAlajayI kRti hai jo jaina darzana se prerita tathA jIvanta yugabodha se anuprANita hai aura jisameM bhAratIya prajJA kI AdhyAtmika anubhUti vaizva rAgAtmaka bhAvabhUmi para vaicitryapUrNa kalAtmaka abhivyaMjanA ke vaibhava ke sAtha caritArtha huI hai| paramparAgata rUr3higrasta matavAdoM se pare uThakara Adhunika mAnavIya cetanA kI vikAsonmukhI jayayAtrA kA lokamaMgalakArI sandeza jisa sarala, subodha evaM marmasparzI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 41 bhASA-zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha prabuddha mahAkavi kI vyApaka jIvana dRSTi tathA janamanaraMjinI kArayitrI pratibhA kA paricAyaka hai| 'mUkamATI' eka pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai jisameM dharatI ke rajakaNa kI jIvanagAthA 'maMgala ghaTa' ke nirmANa kI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se varNita hai / usakI isa gAthA meM jar3a jagat kI acetanA- avacetanA kI nAnA gutthiyoM ko eka abhinava cinmaya prANavattA ke sAtha ujAgara karate hue itihAsa kI sthUla gatividhiyoM aura prakRti kI sUkSma paristhitiyoM kA sAMketika udghATana aneka navIna bimboM evaM pratIkoM ke sahAre huA hai / Adhunika jIvana ke bhaya, santrAsa evaM visaMgatiyoM para tIvra vyaMgya karate hue jana-jana meM abhaya, santoSa evaM samarasattA kA Adarza pratiSThita karane vAlA prastuta kAvya mUkamATI kI antara vedanA, pragAr3ha pIr3A, kaThora tapasyA, tIvra karuNA evaM sukumAra ahiMsA ke vividha bhAvastaroM ko mukhara karate hue zAzvata satya para AdhArita tathyaparaka yathArtha kI navIna vyAkhyA karatA hai aura preya sAdhana dvArA zreya sAdhya kI ora agrasara hone kA divya sandeza detA hai| ___ zilpa-saundarya ke mAdhyama se avyakta sattA ke rahasya kI vAGmayI abhivyakti meM aneka gUr3ha evaM aTapaTI arthabhaMgimAoM kI saMzliSTa yojanA kavi kI urvara udbhAvanA zakti kA pratyakSa pramANa hai / mahAkAvya ke aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM zAnta rasa kA nirvAha huA hai, jisakI sampuSTi hetu aneka anya rasoM kI sAMketika bhAvasthitiyoM kA samAveza yatratatra huA hai| kAvya kA mUla svara ghaTanAparaka na hokara cetanAparaka rahA hai, ata: bAhya vyApAroM ke sthAna meM antara avadhAnoM kA saMcaraNa hI prabala rahA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI saMkSipta kathAvastu ko cAra khaNDoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai jinake zIrSaka evaM nAmakaraNa manISI sraSTA ke naitika, dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika dAyitva bodha ke dyotaka haiM : ___ khaNDa 1 - 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha, khaNDa 2- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, khaNDa 3- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana, khaNDa 4- 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / prathama khaNDa meM kaMkara mizrita varNasaMkara mATI ke parizodhana evaM apanI sahaja sukumAra prakRti kA varNa-lAbha varNita hai / dvitIya khaNDa meM zabda, artha, saMgIta evaM rasa kI tAttvika zodhaparaka navIna udbhAvanAe~ adbhuta saMzliSTa varNayojanA ke sAtha aMkita haiN| tRtIya khaNDa meM mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA ke mAdhyama se puNya-pApa kI mana:sthitiyoM tathA karmacakra ke darzana evaM vijJAna ko nUtana bhAva bhaMgimAoM ke sAtha avatarita kiyA gayA hai / caturtha khaNDa anya khaNDoM kI bhA~ti mAtra bhAvaparaka na hokara ghaTanAparaka bhI hai jisameM zilpI kumbhakAra paripakva kumbha ko zraddhAlu nagaraseTha ke sevaka ke hAthoM meM AhAradAna hetu padhAre hue guru ke pAda-prakSAlana evaM tRSA-tRpti ke artha detA hai aura sevaka dvArA sAta bAra bajAne para kumbha meM sAta svara dhvanita hote haiM jinake mAdhyama se aneka naI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika arthacchaviyoM kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai / manISI kavi kI sUjhabUjha kI maulikatA darzanIya hai : "sAre gama yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa" "yAnI ! pada-svabhAva/aura/ni yAnI nahIM, duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sktaa|" (pR.305) mATI ke kalaza ko sammAnita dekha kara udvigna 'svarNa kalaza' kA utpAta dhana aura AtaMkavAda rUpa Adhunika yuga kI do pramukha vighaTanakArI zaktiyoM ke akANDa tANDava kA pratIka hai| seTha ke kSamAbhAva se AtaMkavAdiyoM ke hRdayaparivartana kI ghaTanA antata: naitika evaM AdhyAtmika zakti ke vijaya ke prati kavi kI AsthA kI dyotaka hai| cintaka sraSTA ke bhAvabodha meM kavi-hRdaya kI rAgAtmaka saMvedanA yatra-tatra manorama bimba vidhAna evaM saTIka
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________________ 42 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mAnavIkaraNa kI sundara yojanA meM draSTavya hai : 0 "aura/phUlI nahIM samAtI,/bholI mATI yaha/ghATI kI ora hI apalaka tAka rahI hai/bhora meM hI/usakA mAnasa vibhora ho aayaa|" (pR. 25-26) 0 "navavivAhitA tanUdarA,/yUMghaTa meM se jhA~katI-sI... bAra-bAra basa,/borI meM se jhA~ka rahI hai/mATI bholI !" (pR. 30-31) kahIM-kahIM dArzanika tathyoM ko sUtramayI uktiyoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisameM prajJA evaM saundarya dRSTi kA adbhuta saMyoga hai : - "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM aura/iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava !" (pR. 33) - "karuNA kI karNikA se/avirala jharatI hai ___ samatA kI saurabha-sugandha / " (pR. 39) jaina darzana kI jhalaka bhI prasaMgAnusAra dRSTigocara hotI hai yadyapi vaha kAvya kI viSaya vastu kI sImA ke bhItara hI samAviSTa hai : " 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172) ___ dharatI kI prAkRtika suSamA ke citraNa meM varNamaitrI ke lAlitya evaM mAdhurya kI chaTA zilpI kavi kI zabdasaMgIta-sAdhanA kI paricAyikA hai : "kaliyA~ khula khila par3I/pavana kI ha~siyoM meM, chaviyA~ ghula-mila gaIM/gagana kI galiyoM meM, nayI umaMga, naye raMga/aMga-aMga meM nayI trNg|" (pR. 263) samagrataH 'mUkamATI' dharatI kI saMvedanA kA pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai jisameM mAnavatA kI vijayayAtrA kA lokamaMgalakArI sandeza apUrva rAgabodha evaM madhumatI prajJA ke kalAtmaka vaibhava ke sAtha mukhara huA hai| ___ isa prakAra apanI viziSTa bhAvabhUmi para aneka jIvana mUlyoM, udAtta AdarzoM, vizvajanIna sandezoM, jIvanta parivezoM, maulika udbhAvanAoM, utpreraka avadhAraNAoM evaM mArmika rahasyoM se samRddha 'sAvitrI' tathA 'mUkamATI' adhyAtmaparaka pratIkAtmaka bhAratIya mahAkAvya paramparA meM lokamaMgalakAriNI kAlajayI kRtiyoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : patita se pAvana banane kA sandeza mukeza nAyaka (zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra kuNDalapura (damoha) madhyapradeza meM 16 akTUbara '95 ko madhyapradeza ke (tatkAlIna) uccazikSA mantrI zrI mukeza nAyaka kI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja se mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' para sAhityika paricarcA) "sUrya nArAyaNa pratidina nikalatA hai aura apanA prakAza phailAtA jAtA hai / jo sokara uTha jAtA hai vaha prakAza pA jAtA hai tathA jo sokara nahIM uThatA, vaha usase vaMcita raha jAtA hai / kucha loga ghaNToM bistara meM par3e rahakara bhI uThanA nahIM cAhate, unake lie bhI sUrya prakAza kI kiraNeM chatoM ke surAkha se Akara uThA detI haiM athavA sote samaya jo rajAI se mukha ko DhA~kakara rakhe hoM, usakI rajAI ko USmA se tapAkara bhItara pasInA lA detI haiM aura Apako sote rahane se jagA detI haiN| isakA lAbha-upayoga lene vAlA hI le pAtA hai / isakA sabhI loga lAbha leM, yaha bhAvanA avazya kI jAtI/jA sakatI hai"- ukta vicAra santa ziromaNi digambara jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ne zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra kuNDalapura (damoha) madhya pradeza meM pradeza ke uccazikSA mantrI zrI mukeza nAyaka se sAhityika carcA ke daurAna usa prazna ke uttara svarUpa pradAna kiyA, jisameM Apane yaha jAnanA cAhA thA ki Aja deza meM jAti, varga tathA kSetra Adi kI samasyAoM ke kAraNa logoM meM buddhi, Ananda evaM zakti saMcAra ke avaruddha dvAra kaise khuleM ? zrI mukeza nAyaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNa vandanArtha padhAre the| Apane jAnakArI dete hue batAyA ki bhArata meM eka vizAla santa paramparA hai| vaha pUrI paramparA jJAna, vairAgya evaM bhakti guNa se saMyukta hai| aura vaha pUrNa rUpa meM AcAryazrI jI meM pAI/dekhI jAtI hai / anya santoM ne vItarAga vijJAna ko sAmAnya janatA meM utanA sampreSita nahIM kiyA, jitanA AcAryapravara ne kiyA hai / ata: merI bhAvanA hai ki AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke lokavizruta mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ko madhyapradeza ke sabhI vizvavidyAlayoM ke uccastarIya adhyayana hetu pAThyakrama meM sammilita kiyA jaae| isa kArya ko zIghra hI mUrta rUpa diyA jA rahA hai tathA sambhava hai agale varSa ke pAThyakrama meM vaha sammilita bhI ho jaae| isI pariprekSya meM zrI nAyaka ne yaha bhI batAyA ki 29 akTUbara '95 ko bhopAla meM 'mUkamATI' para eka bRhat paricarcA rakhI hai, jisameM deza ke aneka khyAtilabdha samIkSaka evaM sAhityakAra bhAga leNge| usake pUrva AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI se 'mUkamATI' para kucha sAhityika carcA karane yahA~ AyA hU~ tAki yaha carcA usa saMgoSThI kA dhuva kendra ho sake aura AcAryazrI kA vizAla dRSTikoNa lAkhoM-karor3oM logoM taka pahu~ca ske| AcAryazrI se paricarcA ke daurAna zrI nAyaka ne jijJAsA vyakta karate hue jAnanA cAhA ki samagra bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jisa kisI bhI bhASA meM dekhA jAya, kinhIM bhI racanAkAroM ne jo bhI mahAkAvya likhe haiM unameM se kisI ne bhI mUka evaM padadalita mATI ko apanA nAyaka nahIM bnaayaa| 'mUkamATI' kI nAyikA vahI dharatI hai, ata: isake pIche kyA kAraNa yA mUla saMvedanA rahI hai ? Apake isa prazna para samAdhAna pradAna karate hue AcAryazrI ne kahA ki vyakti ke andara soI zakti udghATita ho sake aura vaha patita dazA se Upara uThakara pAvana bana sake, yahI mUla uddezya isa racanA kA hai| jaba taka miTTI ke kaNa-kaNa bikhare rahate haiM to vaha nirjIva mAnI jAtI hai, kisI vizeSa kArya ko sampanna nahIM kara pAtI, jaladhAraNa nahIM kara sktii| jaise ghaTa kA rUpa hone para vahI miTTI jaladhAraNa karane kI yogyatA pA jAtI hai,
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________________ 44 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jo kaNa-kaNa bikhare rahane para nahIM rhtii| vaise hI saMsArI prANI kI zakti patita dazA meM khoI - sI rahatI hai| usake puruSArtha karane se vizva ko bhI jAnane kI kSamatA usameM udghATita ho jAtI hai / kaNoM ke rUpa meM vaha miTTI jala meM ghula kara * DUba jAtI hai jabaki ghaTa ke rUpa meM vaha svayaM bhI jala meM nahIM DUbatI aura DUbatI ko bhI pAra utArane meM sahAyaka bana jAtI hai / aisI kSamatA saba meM udghATita ho, yahI mUla svara isa racanA kA hai / zrI nAyaka ne jAnanA cAhA ki bhArata kI santa paramparA meM jJAna aura vairAgya kI pUrNa sthiti prApta hotI hai / jIvana meM vItarAgatA ke vijJAna kA mUkamATI se kyA sambandha hai ? AcAryazrI ne batAyA ki vItarAga vijJAna virAT jJAna dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA utpanna karatA hai, jisakI prApti hetu sarvaprathama rAga-dveSa, harSa-viSAda, viSaya- kaSAyoM tathA pApa pravRttiyoM se Upara uThanA hotA hai, tabhI yaha kSamatA udghATita hotI hai| isI vItarAga vijJAna ke mAdhyama se hI i se pAvana banane rUpa unnati kA patha prazasta hotA hai| isa hetu vyakti ko saMyata evaM vItarAgI honA Avazyaka hai / tabhI maulika jJAna kI prApti hogI / anyatra ise 'sthitaprajJa' bhI kahA gayA hai / hamArI prajJA yA buddhi yahA~-vahA~ daur3atI rahatI hai, sthita nahIM ho paatii| vahI prajJA jaba sthita ho jAtI hai to sahI dizA meM svayameva prayAsa karatI hai, jisase apUrva Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai| jJAtA, jJAna aura jJeya - ina tInoM ke paraspara sambandha ko mUkamATI ke tattvajJAna meM kaise samanvita kiyA jAe ? isa jijJAsA para samAdhAna pradAna karate hue AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne kahA ki jJAtA mUla dravya hai, jJAna usakA guNa hai tathA jJeya yAnI jAnane yogya padArtha kahalAte haiM / hama jJeyabhUta jar3a padArthoM kI ora to dekhate haiM kintu usake bhItara chupI jAnane vAlI kSamatA ko nahIM dekha pAte / 'mUkamATI' meM vaha preraNA hai jisase hamArI cetanA kA viSaya mAtra jJAna bana sake athavA anubhUti mAtra jJAna kA viSaya bana ske| isake lie harSa-viSAdoM se Upara uTha kara tathA saMgharSoM ke bIca se guz2arate hue Age bar3hane para patita se pAvanatA prApta kI jA sakatI hai aura zuddha cetana banane kA prayAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa paricarcA ke daurAna jaba zrI nAyaka ne prakRti ko sparzita karane vAle zilpa vidhAna ke bAre meM AcAryazrI ke vicAra jAnanA cAhe taba unhoMne batAyA ki prakRti bahuta acchA zabda hai, jo svabhAva kA vAcaka hai / santoM ne sarvaprathama saMskRti ko sAmane lAne ke lie prAkRta bhASA kA mAdhyama cunA thaa| jIvana ke utthAna meM vahI zilpa vidhAna mukhya hai jo Atmatattva yA svabhAva kI ora mur3ane kI dizA pradAna kare / 'mUkamATI' meM yahI digdarzana kumbhakAra ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai / yuga ke Adi se hI kumbhakAra zilpakAra hai, jisane apane zilpa ko apavyaya se dUra rkhaa| vahI aisA zilpI hai, jisa para sarakAra kA koI Taiksa nahIM hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM vahI zilpa advitIya mAnA jAtA hai, jo bikharAva ko jur3Ava ke sAtha yA khaNDita ko akhaNDita karane vAlA ho / yahI 'mUkamATI' kA pradeya hai / 'upAdAna kI yogyatA, ghaTa meM DhalatI sAra / kumbhakAra kA hAtha ho, nimitta kA upakAra // " hama dUsare para upakAra karanA cAhate haiM kintu jisa para upakAra kara rahe hoM, usameM aisI yogyatA bhI honI caahie| jaise miTTI meM jo yogyatA hai, vaha kumbhakAra ke dvArA udghATita ho jAtI hai| mATI meM jo virAT yogyatA hai, vaha anya meM nahIM hai| usake vikAsa evaM unnati kA zreya jaise kumbhakAra ko jAtA hai, aise hI prANI mAtra ko dizAbodha prApta ho, tAki vaha bhI apanA kalyANa kara sake, yahI 'mUkamATI' kA sandeza hai / bar3e-bar3e vRkSoM kI virATatA choTe se bIjoM meM chupI hotI hai, jinheM dharatI meM Aropita karane para ve apane kaThora AvaraNa ko phor3a kara, Upara aMkurita jAte haiM evaM vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / ve vRkSa, nadI, sarovara Adi sabhI mUka - mATI kI goda meM haiN| vRkSa kI DAloM meM hone vAle vibhinna hare, lAla, pIle raMgoM kA nirmANa kisane kiyA hai ? zrI mukeza
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA nAyaka kI isa jijJAsA para samAdhAna pradAna karate hue AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne batAyA : "ugate aMkura kA dikhA, mukha sUraja kI ora / Atmabodha ho turata hI, mukha saMyama kI ora // " :: 45 jaise aMkura phUTate hI usakA mukha apane Adarza, UrjA ke srota sUraja kI ora hotA hai, vaise hI pratyeka dravya ke andara upAdana meM aisI zakti chupI hai jo vibhinna bAhya nimittoM, sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se udghATita ho jAtI hai / unnati, vikAsa ke lie nimitta kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jo dharatI meM pAI jAtI hai / svargIya bhUmi ko uttama kSetra nahIM mAnA / patita se pAvana banane ke lie dharatI ko hI uttama kSetra mAnA hai, svarga ko nahIM / Aja taka anya mahAkAvyoM meM jIvita pAtra hI mukhya rUpa se pAe jAte haiM, phira 'mUkamATI' ke nAyaka sahita adhikAMza pAtra nirjIva kyoM haiM, jo mahAkAvya ke pAramparika lakSaNoM se bhinna bhI haiM ? - isa jijJAsA para samAdhAna pradAna karate hue AcAryazrI ne batAyA ki sajIva pAtroM kI apanI sImAe~ hotI haiN| nirjIva pAtra ko prANavAn banAkara usake mAdhyama se usakI vAstavika vedanA ko abhivyakti pradAna kI jA sakatI hai, jo sajIva dazA meM vyakti svayaM nahIM kaha paataa| phira mahAkAvyoM ke niyama to TUTate hI cale ge| niyama hI niyama nahIM rahe aura padya kAvya kA sthAna atukAnta ne dhAraNa kara liyA / ata: loka ko AtmakalyANa kA vAstavika bodha prApta ho, yahI 'mUkamATI' kA mUla abhiprAya hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja ke dvArA likhita 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya para paricarcA ke daurAna zrI nAyaka ne jaba AcAryazrI se pUchA ki miTTI dharatI ke andara pAnI hai aura pAnI meM miTTI hai, taba sRSTi kA AdhAra kyA hai ? AcAryazrI ne batAyA ki jamIna sabhI ko Azraya pradAna karatI hai, isIlie use dharA, pRthvI, jamIna, kSamA Adi kA hai / jabaki jala ko sAhitya meM zleSa ke dvArA 'jar3a' bhI kahA jAtA hai / vaha jar3a hokara bhI dharatI kA AdhAra / Azraya pAkara jJAna pA letA hai, apane Apa ko upayogazIla banAkara kRtArtha ho jAtA hai / saghana meghoM se girI huI bU~deM sAgara meM girakara usI meM vilIna ho jAtI haiM, khArI bana jAtI haiN| jaba taka vaha bU~deM dharatI kA sahArA nahIM letIM, ve muktA nahIM bana pAtIM / megha se girA jala nIce Akara, sIpa kI goda meM jAkara muktA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| isIlie dharatI kI AvazyakatA hai / usake kAraNa hI jalatva meM pUjyatA / zreSThatA AtI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bhI dharatI ke aMza mATI ko isIlie mukhyatA prApta huI hai / eka anya prazna ke uttara meM AcAryazrI ne batAyA ki 'mUkamATI' sRjana kI yAtrA zabda se artha evaM artha se bhAva kI ora nahIM huI athavA bAhara se bhItara nahIM balki bhItara se bAhara huI hai / ata: bhAva-saMvedanAoM ko zabdoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyakti milI hai / paricarcA ke daurAna zrI nAyaka ne jAnanA cAhA ki dRzya yA draSTA ke bIca aisA kyA sambandha hai ki bAhara dekhane se kabhI Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai to kabhI glAni hone lagatI hai ? vaha mana kI kamI hai yA dRzya athavA draSTA kI ? AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne batAyA ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM dRzya nahIM, draSTA mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / dRzya ko dekhakara kaI prakAra ke bhAva ho sakate haiM, jo vyakti kI mana:sthiti / upayoga para AdhArita haiM / jo dikha jAtA hai, unameM dekhane vAle ke vicAra/ pariNAma mukhya haiM / dravya / dRzya ko dekhakara aura bhI aneka prakAra ke bhAva ho sakate haiM / zrI ke yaha pUchane para ki mahilAe~ sadA dRzya tathA puruSa sadA draSTA bananA cAhatA hai, aisA kyoM hotA hai ? taba AcAryazrI ne kahA ki yaha pasanda karane evaM cAhane vAle donoM kI bhUla hai| vastuta: yaha draSTApane ko nahIM samajha pAne kA pariNAma hai| svabhAva ko jAneM to sabhI puruSa haiN| bAhara to yaha mAtra Dresa / veza hI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke eka prakaraNa meM yaha bhAva spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki puruSa yAnI AtmA saba meM hai| yaha jo Upara dikha rahI hai, vaha to prakRti hai| isa vAstavikatA ko nahIM samajha pAne ke kAraNa hI saMsAra meM bhaTakana ho rahI hai / nAyaka ('AcaraNa' (hindI dainika), sAgara - madhyapradeza, 29-10-1995) U
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________________ 'mUkamATI': eka anUThI kAvyAnubhUti javAhara lAla darDA AcArya vidyAsAgara racita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' eka aisA kAvya hai jo anubhUti ke uccastara para pAThaka ko le jAtA hai| sIdhI, sarala parantu gahana arthabharI yaha kAvya zailI mana ko AkRSTa karatI hai aura hama kAvyAnanda meM DUba jAte haiM / isa kAvya meM adhyAtma isa taraha se gUMthA hai ki mAnoM vaha komala, sugandha se bharapUra sumanoM kI eka mAlA hai| usameM alaMkAroM kI chaTA ke sAtha sajIva vArtAlApa hai, jo arthapUrNa hai / Atma-vizuddhi kI maMz2iloM para paga calate hue lokamaMgala ko sAdhane meM yaha kAvya nizcita hI madada karatA hai| yaha eka anUThI kAvyAnUbhUti hai / isa kAvya meM zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra anaginata haiN| mATI kI vedanA aura kathA itanI karuNA se vidyAsAgarajI ne vyakta kI hai ki kAvyarasika bhAvanAoM meM ekarUpa ho jAtA hai| yahI isa kAvya kI zreSThatA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA cAra khaNDoM meM kavi ke dvArA kiyA huA vibhAjana itanA saphala huA hai ki eka-dUsare meM ve mile-jule haiN| isa kAvya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM jIvana ke zAzvata satya bar3I sahajatA se vyakta kie haiN| inameM se kucha zAzvata satya isa prakAra haiM : " bahanA hI jIvana hai / " (pR. 2) " sattA zAzvata hotI hai|" (pR. 7) "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/ vaisI mati hotI hai|" (pR. 8) 66 'asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI / satya kA avadhAna hai|" (pR. 9) "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM / " (pR. 10 ) "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA upasaMhAra / niyama rUpa se / harSamaya hotA hai / " (pR. 14) 'lakSya kI ora bar3hanA hI / sampreSaNa kA sahI svarUpa hai / " (pR. 22) O " dayA kA honA hI / jIva-vijJAna kA / samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) O "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota / mada du:kha hai, sukha kI mauta / " (pR. 102 ) 0 "puruSa hotA hai bhoktA / aura / bhogyA hotI prakRti / " (pR. 391) O "bandhana rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai / " (pR. 486 ) O D O O O m AzA hai yaha kAvya par3hakara nAstika vyakti kA bhI hRdaya parivartana hogA aura vaha isa kAvya meM dharma-darzana tathA adhyAtma dekha pAegA, yahI isa kAvya kI saphalatA hai / isa preraNAdAyI sAhitya ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ko maiM vinamra praNAma kara unakI racanA kA na kevala svAgata karatA hU~ balki prazaMsA bhI karatA hU~ / isa taraha kA mahAkAvya prasiddha kara 'bhAratIya jJAnapITha' ne apanI ujjvala paramparA kAyama rakhI hai / yaha sacamuca prazaMsanIya prayAsa hai / O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : yathArtha kI saccI kahAnI pro. (DaoN.) mAjadA asada AcArya vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' apane nAma ke viparIta zabdoM kI jubAna dhAraNa karake bolatI hai aura khUba bolatI hai| aise-aise sandeza de jAtI hai jo sAmAnyata: mUka ke lie sambhava hI nahIM hai / | 'mUkamATI' kA prArambha prakRti ke khule prAMgaNa se hotA hai jahA~ sImAtIta zUnya meM nIlimA ke nIce nIravatA chAI huI hai / 'nizA kA avasAna' 'hariaudha' kI 'priyapravAsa' kI prArambhika paMktiyoM kI yAda dilA detI hai / prakRti mAnavIkaraNa kahIM 'prasAda' ke pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai to kahIM 'panta' ke naukA vihAra kI gaMgA ke mAnavIkaraNa ke samIpa le jAtA hai| muni vidyAsAgara ne pRSTha do para 'abalA bAlAe~' - 'taralA tArAe~' ke patideva ke rUpa meM candramA ko citrita kiyA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki kyA ikkIsavIM sadI meM pahu~cate hue bhI hama bAlAoM ko sabalA kA rUpa nahIM deMge? unako abalAe~ hI banAe rakheMge? kyA yaha bhAratIya samAja kI viDambanA nahIM hai ? isI taraha yahA~ candramA ke sAtha pati zabda kA prayoga bhI bahupatnIvAda ko samarthana pradAna karatA hai| pati ke sthAna para aura koI zabda hotA to jyAdA acchA hotA / saMvAdoM kA-sA Ananda bhI 'mUkamATI' meM milatA hai : karttavya buddhi aura karma kA mahattva bhI dekhane ko milatA hai : O 'mUkamATI' mAnava jIvana se jur3I huI mAnava mana se ba~dhI huI racanA hai, jo vAstavikatA aura yathArtha ko pahacAnatI hai| O O "are ! are ! yaha kyA !/ kauna-sA kartavya hai ? / kisase nirdiSTa hai ? kisa mantavya se / kiyA jA rahA hai ?/... yadi nahIM hai to mATI ke mukha se / rudana kI AvAz2a kyoM nahIM AI ?" (pR. 29) D O " kartRtva- buddhi se / mur3a gayA hai vaha / aura / kartavya - buddhi se jur3a gayA hai vaha / / hA~ ! hA~ !! / yaha mur3ana- jur3ana kI kriyA, Arya ! / kArya kI niSpatti taka / anivArya hotI hai..!" (pR. 28-29) " pIr3A kI ati hI / pIr3A kI iti hai / " (pR. 33) " vAstavika jIvana yahI hai/ sAttvika jIvana yahI hai / dhanya !" (pR. 33) "kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/ dharma kA jhaNDA bhI / DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai / avasara pAkara / " (pR. 73) " guNoM ke sAtha / atyanta Avazyaka hai / doSoM kA bodha honA bhI / " (pR. 74) "kA~ToM se apanA bacAva kara / surabhi - saurabha kA sevana karanA vijJatA kI nizAnI hai/so/ viraloM meM hI milatI hai !" (pR.74) yaha kAvya kalpanA kI korI ur3Ana nahIM, vAstavikatA ke Thosa dharAtala ko anubhUti karake likhA gayA hai, jisameM z2indagI kI haqIqata chipI hai / yathArtha kI saccI kahAnI hai / vAstavikatA kI abhivyakti hai / dharatI kA citraNa mA~ ke rUpa meM huA hai| isase kavi kA mAtRbhUmi prema jhalakatA hai / kavitA meM dArzanikatA bhI
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________________ 48 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA barAbara banI rahatI hai| sabase acchI bAta yaha hai ki kavi ne kahIM bhI bhASA ko jaTila nahIM hone diyA hai| saralatA aura sahaja bhAvAbhivyakti nirantara banI rahatI hai| ___dUsare khaNDa kA nAma 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM hai| mATI jala ke sAtha milakara kyA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai? "mATI ke prANoM meM jA,/pAnI ne vahA~/nava-prANa pAyA hai, jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai| asthira ko sthiratA milI/acira ko ciratA milI nava-nUtana parivartana"!" (pR. 89) mATI kI bAta karate-karate kavi kI kalpanA bahuta dUra-dUra taka ghUma kara A jAtI hai / pazcimI sabhyatA aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke antara ko caritArtha karane lagatI hai / kumbhakAra mATI ko nayA rUpa, AkAra detA hai| vyaMjanA aura abhidhA kI bAta karate-karate kavi sAhitya kI paribhASA dete hue kahate haiM : "hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai / " (pR. 111) jIvana kI sukha-zAnti kA upadeza dete hue kahA gayA hai : "jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA na mana dukhaao|" (pR. 149) kavi rasoM kI bAta karate hue kahatA hai : "karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai/...vAtsalya-jIvana kA trANa hai ...zAnta-rasa jIvana kA gAna hai / " (pR. 159) nau aura ninyAnave kI saMkhyA ko lekara kavi ne aneka padoM kI racanA kI hai| una saMkhyAoM ke mAdhyama se aneka dArzanika tathyoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai| punarukti prakAza alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se saundarya lAne meM kavi ko pUrI saphalatA milI hai| sAtha hI saMgIta aura laya bhI pratidhvanita hai| "jaba utArA gayA vaha/vasanta ke tana para se/kafana "kafana 'kafana yahA~ gala rahI hai kevala/tapana "tapana "tapana"!"(pR. 181) zabdoM meM akSaroM ke ulaTa-phera se camatkAra karane kA prayAsa bhI dikhAI detA hai| tIsarA khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' hai| isakA prArambha bar3e dArzanika DhaMga se huA hai / dharatI para jaba pralaya hotA hai to vaha jala ke kAraNa hotA hai / vaha usako zItalatA kA lobha de usakA sarvasva lUTa letA hai| dharatI kA astitva samApta ho jAtA hai| usakA vasundharA rUpa naSTa ho jAtA hai / jala ratnAkara banakara dharatI ke vaibhava ko naSTa kara detA hai / antarakathAoM kA nirUpaNa bhI isa kAvya kI vizeSatA hai / kavi ne unakA samAveza bahuta hI sahaja DhaMga se kiyA . "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA
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________________ rAma hI kyoM na hoM / daNDita karegA hI !" (pR. 217 ) 0 " rAha meM rAzi milatI dekha / rAhu gumarAha - sA ho gayA hAya ! / rAhu kI rAha hI badala gaI / " (pR. 235 ) mUkamATI-mImAMsA : upamAna bhI antarakathAoM se juTAe gae haiN| aisA hI eka udAharaNa hai : " rAvaNa kI bhA~ti cIkhanA !" (pR. 247 ) cauthA khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' hai / isa khaNDa meM kahIM-kahIM aisA bhI pratIta hotA hai ki kavi kavitA ke mAdhyama se koI kahAnI sunA rahA hai : O :: 49 "Aja avA se bAhara AyA hai / sakuzala kumbha / ... lo, kumbha ko avA se bAhara nikale / do-tIna dina bhI vyatIta nA hue usake mana meM zubha-bhAva kA umar3ana/batA rahA hai sabako ki,... / " (pR. 297-299) " svarNa kA mUlya hai / rajata kA mUlya hai / kaNa ho yA mana ho pratipadArtha kA mUlya hotA hI hai, / parantu, / dhana kA apane-Apa meM mUlya kucha bhI nahIM hai / " (pR. 307 - 308) yahA~ lagatA hai ki kavitA ke mAdhyama se eka bahasa cala rahI hai jahA~ mUlyoM kA nirdhAraNa ho rahA hai| cauthA khaNDa sabase bar3A hai| isameM kahAnI nirantara calatI rahatI hai| usake mAdhyama se aneka dArzanika tathyoM ko abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| kumbha kI yAtrA Age-Age bar3ha rahI hai / gantavya usakI ora bar3ha rahA hai / kumbha ke mukha para prasannatA hai| vahIM kavi ke mana meM kucha prazna uThate haiN| nadI se AtaMkavAda kI prArthanA Arambha hotI hai : "o mA~ ! jaladevatA ! / hameM yaha de batA / aparAdhI ko bhI kyApAra lagAtI hai ? / puNyAtmA kA pAlana-poSaNa / ucita hai " karttavya hai, parantu kyA pApiyoM se bhI / pyAra karatI hai ?" (pR. 456-457) 'mUkamATI' ke cAroM khaNDoM meM kavi kA cintana barAbara calatA rahatA hai| vaha aneka dRSTAnta pAThakoM ke sAmane rakhatA hai / aneka prazna uThAtA hai| una praznoM ke uttara detA hai| cintana karatA hai| manana karatA hai aura bhAva pravAha meM tIvra gati se bahatA calA jAtA hai / mUkamATI ke mAdhyama se aneka sandeza mukhara ho uThate haiM / socane ko naI dizA milatI hai / zAnti, amana, bhAI-cAre kI naI rAha sAmane AtI hai| dhairya, sAhasa, sahanazIlatA kI zikSA prApta hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya hai yA nahIM - yaha koI bahasa kI bAta nhiiN| Apa use jo cAheM mAneM / kAvyazAstra ke anusAra usameM mahAkAvya ke aneka lakSaNa bhI milate haiN| bhale hI usakA kathAnaka paramparAgata mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM na AtA ho / Arambha se lekara anta taka usameM pAThaka ko bA~dhe rakhane kI kSamatA hai / vaha socane-vicArane para prerita karatA hai / maiM 'mUkamATI' ke prakAzana para AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ko badhAI detI hU~ aura unakI dIrghAyu kI kAmanA karatI hU~ /
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________________ kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa para 'mUkamATI' DaoN. mahendra sAgara pracaNDiyA 'mUkamATI' eka AdhyAtmika kAvya hai / isake racayitA haiM digambara jaina AcArya muni vidyAsAgarajI | Apa sudhI sAdhaka aura kavirmanISI haiM / Apane kAvya zAstra kI lIka se haTakara eka sazakta kAvya racA hai jisameM AtmA ke vikAsa kA sundaratama nidarzana hai / kavi kI kalpanA, kavi kA manobhAva aura usakI abhivyakti zakti sarvathA maulika aura mUlyavAn hai / 'mUkamATI' kA kathya aura kathAnaka sAMsArikaM sAmAnya prANI kA pratIkArtha mUkamATI hai | apanI upAdAna zakti aura nimitta zakti ko milAkara vaha nirantara zrama sAdhanA karatI hai, apane ko mala se nirmala banAtI hai aura antata: apane svarUpa ko rUpa pradAna karatI hai / isa pUrI yAtrA ko sUtra zailI meM kahU~ to kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kA pramukha pAtra - mATI, karmacakra se dharmacakra kI ora unmukha hotI hai aura antata: vaha siddhacakra ko prApta karatI hai / yahA~ Akara puruSArtha kI pUrNatA hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' isa dRSTi se eka pratIkAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM darzana, dharma aura adhyAtma eka sAtha mukhara ho uThe haiN| mATI eka nirIha saMsArI prANI kA pratIka hai| vaha Ajanma mailI hai| varNa se saMkara hai| mithyAtva ko sameTe kaMkaramayI mATI kuzala nimitta ke hAthoM zuddha hotI hai / apane ko samarasa banAtI hai / usakA ArjavI guNa mukhara ho uThatA hai taba vaha cAkamukhI hotI hai aura dharmacakra ke balabUte para apane svarUpa ko rUpAyita karatI hai / kavi kI vilakSaNa zakti sAmarthya hai jo apanI naI zailI aura naI zabda zakti se use abhivyakti detI hai / pUre kAvya meM prakRti varNana AlambanI vAtAyana se mAnavIkaraNa ke dvAra taka bikherA gayA hai, jo bhakti aura rItikAlIna kavitA meM prakRti varNana se sarvathA bhinna, chAyAvAdI zailI se anuprANita, prakRti meM cetanA kA AropaNa kara use abhivyakti meM sahakArI ke rUpa meM apanAyA gayA hai, yathA : "phUla ne pavana ko / prema meM nahalA diyA, / aura badale meM pavana ne phUla ko / prema se hilA diyA !" (pR. 258) kAvya meM aneka rasoM kA udreka huA hai| kintu usake sthAyIbhAva rati, nirveda nahIM haiM / rati kA sthAna liyA hai zobhA / zobhA Atmika guNoM ko ujAgara karatI hai| yahA~ kevala tana dyuti anurAga aura virAga kA sparza nahIM hai apitu adRSTa AtmA ke ananta catuSTaya kA avabodhaka hai| zobhA kA dAyarA vistRta hai| vaha dariyA meM badalAva lie hai| yahI dazA hai nirveda kI / padArtha ke prati virodhamukhI hokara chor3ane kA koI Agraha nahIM hai apitu padArtha bodha hone para nirodha ko jagAne kA sandarbha sa~joyA gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM padArtha kA chUTanA hotA hai| upekSA kI nahIM gaI apitu upekSA ho gaI hai| isa prakAra grantharAja meM adhyAtma rasa kA udreka huA hai / 1 jahA~ taka kAvya kI saMracanA kA prazna hai / usameM aneka tattvoM kA upayoga huA hai- usameM chanda haiM, usameM alaMkAra haiM, usameM bhASA hai aura hai shailii| ina kalApakSIya avayavoM ke prayoga meM kavi ne vyavahAragata navInatA kA saMcAra kiyA, jisameM kavi kA uddezya kavi vaiduSya pradarzana karanA nahIM rahA hai, usakA mUlAbhipreta rahA hai kAvyAbhivyakti ko sazakta karanA / isI abhipreta se isa kAvya meM alaMkAroM ke sukhada prayoga bana par3e haiN| yamaka kA nirA nayA prayoga kAvya sukha kI sRSTi karatA hai, yathA : " kUTa-kUTa kara sAgara meM / kUTa- nIti bharI hai / " (pR. 227)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 51 isI prakAra mAnavIkaraNa ke sAtha upamA kA nirupameya prayoga dekhate hI banatA hai, yathA- rassI bolatI hai : "mujhe kSamA karo tuma, / mere nimitta tumheM kaSTa huA / tumhArI / dubalI-patalI kaTi vaha / chila-chula kara aura ghaTI kaTI-sI bana gaI hai / " (pR. 480 ) kAvya meM jisa chanda kA prayoga huA hai vaha chanda zAstra meM ginAyA nahIM gayA / rAga athavA rAginI se milakara kisI zabda ko hI vaha pada kI saMjJA detA hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai / bhAvoM kI svatantratA kI nAIM chanda bhI mukta hai / isa chanda mukta hai, gati hai aura hai yati bhI / mahAkavi nirAlA kI bhA~ti kavi ne 'rabar3a chanda' kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai| bhAvoM ko bakhUbI vyakta karane kI isa chanda meM pUrI tAqata hai| par3hane meM koI avarodha nahIM, nirvirodha kAvya pATha karane meM Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai / chanda kI yahI maMzA hotI hai aura kavi ne apane nae chanda prayoga se apanI chandazAstrIya zakti ko pramANita kiyA hai, yathA : " eka ke prati rAga karanA hI / dUsaroM ke prati dveSa siddha karatA hai, jo rAgI hai aura dveSI bhI, / santa ho nahIM sakatA vaha / aura nAma-dhArI santa kI upAsanA se / saMsAra kA anta ho nahIM sakatA, sahI santa kA upahAsa aura hogA / ye vacana kaTu haiM, para satya haiM, satya kA svAgata ho !" (pR. 363) kAvya kI bhASA prAMjala tathA vizuddhamatI hai| khar3I bolI hindI kA pariSkRta saMskaraNa / kavivara nirAlA kI bhA~ti chandoM kA saphala prayoga huA hai / vivecya kAvyakRti meM to mahAkavi panta kI nAIM sughar3a zabdAvali kA abhinava prayoga bhI bana par3A hai| kavi meM zabda-zilpa kA abhinava bala hai, viveka hai / kAvya meM pAribhASika zabdAvali ke prayoga bhI nirbAdha hue haiM, yathA : navadhA bhakti, upAdAna, nimitta, dravya, kaSAya, svabhAva tathA AtmA Adi aneka lAkSaNika zabdoM ko isa prakAra prayoga meM lAyA gayA hai ki unakA abhiprAya sahaja hI mukhara ho uThA hai / AdhyAtmika bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane meM bhASA kA saTIka prayoga kAvya ko atirikta zakti pradAna karatA hai / jahA~ taka zailI kA prazna hai vivecya kAvya meM nadiyA ke pravAha kI nAIM sahaja aura sugama zailI kA prayoga huA hai / adhyApakIya zailI kA prayoga vastuta: abhinava hI kahA jaaegaa| daraasala kavi AcArya hai, ata: usake sAmane pAThaka ko samajhAte hue pATha-pArAyaNa kA dAyitva nirvAha karanA rahA hai| zramaNa eka lAkSaNika zabda hai / kavi ne isa zabda kI pAribhASikatA kitanI sarala aura sarasa zailI meM vyakta kI hai ki kisI bhI pAThaka athavA zrotA ko samajhane meM koI vyAyAma nahIM karanA par3atA, yathA : I 'zrama kare so zramaNa ! / aise karma - hIna kaMgAla ke / lAla-lAla gAla ko pAgala se pAgala zRgAla bhI / khAne kI bAta to dUra rahI, chUnA bhI nahIM cAhegA / " (pR. 362) isI prakAra kAvya meM 'navadhA bhakti' ke viSaya meM avabodha karAte hue kavi adhyApakIya zailI kA prayoga karatA hai, yathA : "bho svAmin ! / namostu ! namostu ! namostu ! atra ! atra ! atra ! / tiSTha ! tiSTha ! tiSTha !!" (pR. 322) navadhA bhakti kA sUtrapAta hotA hai: :
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________________ 52 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "mana zuddha hai/vacana zuddha hai/tana zuddha hai/aura anna-pAna zuddha hai/Aie svAmin !" (pR. 323) isake atirikta saMvAdAtmaka zailI meM kAvyAbhivyaMjanA abhidarzanIya hai| isase abhivyakti meM sajIvatA kA saMcAra ho uThA hai, yathA : "vAha ! dhanyavAda beTA !/mere Azaya, mere bhAva bhItara "tuma taka utara ge|/ab mujhe koI cintA nahIM ! ...apanI yAtrA kA/sUtra-pAta karanA hai tumheM !" (pR. 16) bhASA aura zailIgata aneka sthaloM para lokamAnya muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA kavivara ne suSThu prayoga kiyA hai| Ayurveda ke bodhaka prayoga, aMka vidyA ke virala prayoga abhivyakti meM camatkAra paidA karate haiN| pUre kAvya meM oja guNa kA Ananda AkIrNa hai| naI kavitA kI nAIM vivecya kAvya meM kathya hai aura hai saMracanA kA vidhAna / inhIM aMgoM para hameM isa kAvya kI kamanIyatA kA AsvAda karanA apekSita hai| yahA~ sAhityadarpaNakAra kI paribhASA bojhila pratIta hotI hai / kAvyadhArA to kisI mahAzramaNa kI padayAtrA kI nAIM saMyama aura sUjha-bUjha se sampanna dizAdarzana kA kArya karatI calatI hai| jo isameM avagAhana kare vaha sukhI aura jo taTavartI darzaka athavA zrotA bana sAkSI bane vaha bhI Anandamagna ho dhanya aura ananyatA anubhava kara uThatA hai / itane bar3e kAvya ke pArAyaNa aura zrotana se bhI kisI bhI kAmakAjI ko koI akharana jaisI akulAhaTa athavA Uba nahIM hotI, ise maiM kAvya aura kAvyayitA kI pUrI kI pUrI saphalatA hI mAnatA hU~ / Aja ke kSaNavAdI yuga meM itanA vizAla kAvya kA sAbhiprAya sRjana, suruci aura zikSA kA dastAvez2a kholanA vastuta: bahuta bar3I bAta hai / isa kAvya ko maiM chAyAvAdI mahAkAvya kI 'kAmAyanI' se bhI sazakta zramaNa mahAkAvya' kI saMjJA se samAdRta karatA huuN| itylm| pRSTha 309 phirabAyeM hAya meM kumbha lekara,--.. prAya: razI para TikatA hai| JI 2052468
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI antardhvani pro. (DaoN.) sUrya prasAda dIkSita Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya, darzana aura adhyAtma kI eka anupama nidhi hai - 'mUkamATI' / isa kRti ke avagAhana se AcArya kavi ke gahana-cintana kA sahaja bodha hotA hai / jIvana ke mahanIya tattvoM ko udghATita karane ke lie jisa sarala, subodha vastu aura zilpa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vaha apane meM nitAnta nUtana hai| prastuta grantha meM adhyAtma kA vizada vivecana huA hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa hai - kavi kA santa vyaktitva / grantha kA zIrSaka kautUhalavardhaka hai / 'mATI' jaisI vastu ko apane kAvya kA viSaya banAnA udAttatA kI jhalaka prastuta karatA hai| hameM jIvana meM jaba kabhI bhI sIkha lenI ho to prAkRtika upamAnoM para dRSTipAta karanA caahie| prastuta kAvya ko santa kavi ne cAra adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| prathama adhyAya meM 'saMkara nahIM : varNalAbha' kA varNana huA hai| isameM miTTI kI prArambhika avasthA kA anuzIlana hai| miTTI ke sAtha-sAtha aura bahuta sAre tattva mile hote haiN| jaba kumbhakAra ko ghar3A banAnA hotA hai to vaha sarvaprathama miTTI ko chAna kara use zuddha karatA hai, phira ghar3e kA nirmANa karatA hai| usI taraha mAnava ke antarmana meM kaMkara-patthara rUpI bahuta se avaguNa bhare hote haiN| usake parizodhana ke lie sarvaprathama mana ko chAna-bIna kara zuddha karanA hai| prArambha meM hI mahAkAvyoM jaise ramya vAtAvaraNa kA citrAMkana kiyA gayA hai, jisase anantatA aura alaukikatA kA AbhAsa hotA hai : "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI,/aura 'idhara 'nIce nirI nIravatA chAI/nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai/bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai/mA~ kI mArdava-goda meN|" (pR. 1) koI Avazyaka nahIM ki isa jIvana sAdhanA meM anukUla sthiti hI rhe| pratikUla bhI ho sakatI hai| hameM donoM sthitiyoM meM sthiracitta rahane kA sandeza prastuta karatA hai yaha kAvya : "kabhI-kabhI/sAdhanA ke samaya/aisI bhI ghATiyA~/A sakatI haiM ki thor3I-sI pratikUlatA meM/jisakI samatA vaha AkAza ko cUmatI thI/use bhI/viSamatA kI nAgina sUMgha sakatI hai"/aura, vaha rAhI/guma-rAha ho sakatA hai|" (pR. 11-12) santa-AcArya ne apane adhyAtma aura darzana cintana meM pratikUlatA kA varaNa dikhAkara bhI usase yatheSTa siddhi kI prApti kI hai| unakI yaha ukti ki kevala mIThe dahI se hI nahIM, varan khaTTe dahI se bhI makkhana nikalatA hai aura donoM se nikale hue makkhana kA svarUpa eka hotA hai, usameM koI vibheda nhiiN| "aura, suno !/mIThe dahI se hI nahIM,/khaTTe se bhI/samucita manyana ho navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai / isase yahI phalita huA/ki saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai|" (pR. 13-14)
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________________ 54 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sukha aura duHkha ko cakravat mAnate hue unhoMne zAzvata satya kA udghATana kiyA hai : "pIr3A kI ati ho / pIr3A kI iti hai / aura pIr3A kI iti hI / sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) isa adhyAya meM kavi ne varNa kA tAtparya na raMga se liyA hai| hai / svayaM kavi ke zabdoM meM : na aMga se; pratyuta rIti, paramparA, paripATI aura DhaMga se liyA " isa prasaMga meM / varNa kA Azaya / na raMga se hai na hI aMga se / varan / cAla-caraNa, DhaMga se hai / " (pR. 47) kuNDalinI se lekara sahasrAra taka pahu~cane para AtmA rUpI machalI ko kaisI AnandAnubhUti hotI hai, isakA sahajocchvAsa kavi kI sAdhanAtmaka pravRtti se ni:sRta huA hai : " labAlaba jala se / bharI huI bAlaTI kUpa se / Urdhva-gativAlI hotI hai / aba patana - pAtAla se / utthAna - uttAla kI ora // kevala dekha rahI hai machalI, jala kA abhAva nahIM / bala kA abhAva nahIM / tathApi / taira nahIM rahI machalI / bhUla - sI gaI hai tairanA vaha, / spandana - hIna mativAlI huI hai svabhAva kA darzana huA hai, ki / kriyA kA abhAva huA-sA / lagatA hai aba "" ! amanda sthitivAlI hotI hai vaha ! / bAlaTI vaha abAdhita / Upara AI - bhUpara kUpa kA bandhana / dUra huA machalI kA, / sunaharI hai, sukha - jharI hai dhUpa kA vandana ! (pR. 78) kavi kA darzana "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" kI zikSA detA hai| vaha Adhunika svArthapUrNa sthiti ko dekhakara UhApoha kI sthiti meM hai : 6666 "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" / isa vyaktitva kA darzana - / svAda - mahasUsa / ina A~khoM ko sulabha nahIM rahA aba ! / yadi vaha sulabha bhI hai / to bhArata meM nahIM, mahA- bhArata meM dekho !/ bhArata meM darzana svAratha kA hotA hai / hA~-hA~ !/itanA avazya parivartana huA hai / ki / "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" * isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai / vasu yAnI dhana-dravya / dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA Aja / dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai / dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR.82) kavi ne satyuga aura kaliyuga ko yuga na mAnakara use mAnasika cintana ke AdhAra para vibhAjita kiyA hai : " sat - yuga ho yA kaliyuga / bAharI nahIM / bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI / sat - yuga hai, beTA ! / aura asat - viSayoM meM DUbI / A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi / svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !" (pR. 83) AcArya kavi kI kRti saMyama, tyAga, tapasyA kA kitanA anupama udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai, eka bAnagI dekheM:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 55 "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai,/svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rA"hI"hI"rA/aura/itanA kaThora bananA hogA ki/tana aura mana ko tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara/jalA-jalA kara rAkha karanA hogA/yAtanA ghora karanA hogA/tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA kharA utregaa|/khraa zabda bhI svayaM/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/raa"kh"kh"raa|" (pR. 56-57) eka-eka zabda kA gahana cintana aura viloma kA bhI yahA~ sArthaka prayoga huA hai| 'rAhI-hIrA' aura 'rAkha-kharA' ye donoM zabda, donoM ora se eka dUsare ke anupUraka se bana gae haiN| isase kavi ke vAgvaidagdhya kA to patA calatA hI hai, sAtha hI gahana anubhUti kA bhii| dUsarA adhyAya 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM' ke antargata zilpI ne ghar3e ke nirmANa hetu mATI ko chAna-bIna kara chanA nirmala jala milAyA hai, jo mAnava kI sAdhanA kA dUsarA stara hai : "lo, aba zilpI/kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI meM/mAtrAnukUla milAtA hai chanA nirmala-jala |/nuutn prANa phUMka rahA hai mATI ke jIvana meM/karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meN|" (pR.89) preya aura zreya, prakRti aura puruSa kA samyak samavAya hI mokSa hai, kavi kI paMktiyoM se yaha bhAva mukharita huA hai : "svabhAva se hI/prema hai hamArA/aura/svabhAva meM hI/kSema hai hmaaraa| puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai| aura anyatra ramanA hI/bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai...!" (pR. 93) mAnava mana sukhAkAMkSI hai / vaha duHkha meM adhIra ho jAtA hai / phUla kA varaNa to sabhI karate haiM, kintu zUla kA koI bhI nhiiN| 'ziva' kA udAharaNa detA huA kavi kahatA hai ki vizva ke kalyANa ke lie kAma ko jalAnA hogA : "zUloM kI arcA hotI hai, isalie/phUloM kI carcA hotI hai| phUla arcanA kI sAmagrI avazya haiM/Iza ke caraNoM meM samarpita hote vaha parantu/phUloM ko chUte nahIM bhagavAn/zUla-dhArI hokara bhii| kAma ko jalAyA hai prabhu ne|" (pR. 103) kAvya kI eka-eka paMkti AdhyAtmikatA se sarAbora hai| itanA gahana sAhityAdhyAtma to nitAnta nUtana hai| zilpI ne mantra ko bar3A na mAna kara mana kI sAdhanAvasthA ko mahAn mAnA hai| usakA kathana hai ki sthira mana hI mahAmantra "mantra na hI acchA hotA hai/nA hI burA/acchA, burA to apanA mana hotA hai/sthira mana hI vaha/mahAmantra hotA hai aura/asthira mana hI/pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai|" (pR. 108-109)
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________________ 56 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isa adhyAya meM kavi ne sAhitya ke samasta AyAmoM ko nae DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai / navoM rasoM kA nayA svarUpa pradAna karane kI maulika abhivyaMjanA kavi kI siddhahastatA kA paricaya detI hai| sAhitya kI samyak paribhASA dete hue kavi likhatA hai: "zilpI ke zilpaka-sA~ce meM/sAhitya zabda DhalatA-sA! hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai|" (pR. 110-111) kavi kA zRMgAra bhI adhyAtma se mizrita hai / ina paMktiyoM meM kavi kI zRMgArika dRSTi kitanI pezala aura suSThu hai, dekheM: "jina A~khoM meM/kAjala-kAlI/karuNAI vaha/chalaka AI hai, kucha sikhA rahI hai-/cetana kI tuma/pahacAna karo! jina-adharoM meM/prAMjala lAlI/aruNAI vaha/jhalaka AI hai, kucha dilA rahI hai-/samatA kA nita/anupAna karo, jina gAloM meM/mAMsala vAlI/taruNAI vaha/ Thulaka AI hai, kucha batA rahI hai-/samucita bala kA/balidAna karo! jina bAloM meM/ali-guNa hariNI/kuTilAI vaha/bhanaka AI hai kucha sunA rahI hai-/kAyA kA mata/sammAna karo! jina caraNoM meM/sAdara AlI/caraNAI vaha/pulaka AI hai . gunagunA rahI hai-/pUrA cala kara vizrAma karo!" (pR. 128-129) uparyukta paMktiyoM meM A~khoM ke sAtha 'chalaka', adharoM kI lAlI ke sAtha 'jhalaka', gAloM kI mAMsala taruNAI ke sAtha 'Dulaka, kuTila bAloM kI bhanaka aura caraNoM ke sAtha 'pulaka' kA jo sArthaka prayoga huA hai, vaha dekhate hI banatA hai| isI prakAra vIra aura hAsya rasa ko iMgita karate hue kavi ne likhA hai : / "vIra rasa kA apanA itihAsa hai/vIroM ko usakA ahasAsa hai|" (pR. 132) . "ha~sa-ha~sa kara bahasa mata kara/hAsya rasa kI kImata itanI mata kara!"(pR.133) isI krama meM kavi ne samasta rasoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| saMgIta aura prIti kI paribhASA dete hue kavi likhatA hai : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/aura prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144-145) karuNa aura zAnta meM bheda karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : "karuNA kI do sthitiyA~ hotI haiM-/eka viSaya lolupinI dUsarI viSaya-lopinI, dishaa-bodhinii|" (pR. 155)
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________________ :: 57 mUkamATI-mImAMsA : kavi ne apanI isa kRti meM mahAkavi bhavabhUti kI bhA~ti 'karuNa' rasa ko jIvana kA prANa svIkArA hai / 'vAtsalya' rasa ko jIvana kA trANa aura 'zAnta' rasa ko jIvana kA gAna mAnA hai (pR. 159) / isa kRti meM kavi ne gaNita kA bhI bar3A sUkSma nidarzana prastuta kiyA hai- '99 ke cakkara' ko siddha karate hue kavi ne anta meM hara prakAra 9 hI zeSa dikhAyA hai, yathA "99 x 2 = 198, 1+9+8 = 18, 1+8 =9 yA 9 x 2 = 18,_1+ 8 = 9 / " (pR. 166-167) arthAt hamArA dhyeya 9 hI hai| isakA tAtparya kavi ne nava-jIvana ke srota se liyA hai| isI prakAra 63 aura 36 kA bhI udAharaNa diyA hai / 63 kI vyAkhyA karate hue kavi ne mAnA hai - eka-dUsare ke sukha-du:kha meM paraspara bhAga lenA sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai, lekina jaba 63 kA viloma pariNamana hotA hai to 36 kA Agamana hotA hai / phira kyA batAnA ! 36 ke Age eka aura tIna kI saMkhyA jur3a jAtI hai| kula milAkara 363 matoM kA udbhava hotA hai, jo paraspara eka- - dUsare khUna ke pyAse hote haiM, jinakA darzana sulabha hai Aja isa dharatI para / 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina donoM bIjAkSaroM kA darzana kavi ne marmasparzI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai : 66 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai / 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, / tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho ! aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki / hama bhI haiM / tuma bhI ho / saba kucha ! 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/ 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se sabako, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai/ 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai, 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / " (pR. 172-173) kavi kI uparyukta paMktiyoM meM lokamaMgala kI samujjvala bhAvanA mukharita huI hai| kAvya kA tIsarA adhyAya 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' hai / mana, krama (kAyA / zarIra), vacana se puNya socanA, puNya karanA aura puNya bolanA hI puNya kA pAlana hai / kAma, krodha, lobha, mada, moha, matsara kA tyAga hI pApa prakSAlana hai| isa khaNDa meM kavi ne miTTI kI vikAsa kathA kI upalabdhi dikhAI hai / kavi ne isa adhyAya meM nyAya patha kA pathika banane kA mahAn sandeza preSita kiyA hai / anyAya pakSa ke vilaya ke lie aura nyAya pakSa kI vijaya ke lie yaha kavi kA satprayAsa hI kahA jAegA / kavi ne yahA~ nArI ko samasta guNoM kA AdhAra mAnA hai / vaha vAsanA kI zukti nahIM, sAkSAt tyAga aura mukti hai| nArI ke pratyeka paryAya zabda kI nitya nUtana, anUThI aura maulika vyaMjanA prastuta kI hai| inameM kucha zabda jaise-nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtR, aMganA Adi haiM / kavi navInatA ke varaNa ke lie prastuta hai / navInatA hI loka maMgala kA mUla hai jisakA yazogAna hamAre anya vareNya kaviyoM ne bhI kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA eka dRzya dekheM : "kaliyA~ chaviyA~ ghula-1 khula khila par3IM / pavana kI ha~siyoM meM, la-mila gaIM / gagana kI galiyoM meM,
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________________ 58 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nayI umaMga, naye raMga/aMga-aMga meM nayI taraMga, nayI USA to nayI USmA/naye utsava to nayI bhUSA naye locana-samAlocana/nayA siMcana, nayA cintana nayI zaraNa to nayI varaNa/nayA bharaNa to nayA''bharaNa naye caraNa-saMcaraNa/naye karaNa-saMskaraNa nayA rAga, nayI parAga/nayA jAga, nahIM bhAga naye hAva to nayI tRpA/naye bhAva to nayI kRpA nayI khuzI to nayI ha~sI/nayI-nayI yaha garIyasI / " (pR. 263) cirasaMcita sAdhanA nA ke bindu hI mAnava ko mahAn banAte haiN| isakI sthiti bhI kumbhakAra ke ghar3e kI bhA~ti hai : "gupta-sAdhaka kI sAdhanA-sI/apakva-kumbha kI paripakva AsthA para Azcarya huA kumbhakAra ko|" (pR. 266) kRti kA cauthA adhyAya agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' hai / isa khaNDa meM kRtikAra ne mATI ko ghaTa rUpa meM rUpAyita kara diyA hai| aba use pakAne kI AvazyakatA hai| yahI antima sAdhanA hai, jisameM sAdhaka apanI caramAvasthA para pahu~catA hai, jise 'sAdhaka kI madhumatI bhUmikA' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| kumbha ko agni meM tapAne se tAtparya usake kaccepana ko dUra karanA, usake doSoM se use mukta karanA hai| lekhaka ke zabda haiM : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai| sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / doSa ajIva haiM, naimittika haiM,/bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit; guNa jIvagata haiM/guNa kA svAgata hai|" (pR. 277) isa zarIra ko binA tapAe isameM kharApana nahIM A sakatA / sonA bhI binA tape camakatA nahIM hai / agni parIkSA to mA~ sItA ko bhI denI par3I thii| agni kI kasauTI para kasane meM dhUmra uThegA, puna: nirdhUma-agni kA prakAza bhAsvara hogA : "dhUma kA uThanA banda huA/nidhUma-agni kA Aloka avA ke loka meM avalokita hone lgaa|/tpt-svrnn kI aruNima-AbhA bhI avA kI Antarika AbhA-chavi se/prabhAvita huIAja ke dina isa samaya/zata-pratizata/agni kI uSNatA udghATita huI hai|" (pR. 280) ghar3A to banakara taiyAra ho gayA, aba cAhe ise trilocana kA ghaTa banAe~ cAhe antyeSTi kA; cAhe isameM soma rasa bhareM yA viSa rasa / ise bhukti aura mukti donoM kI cAha nahIM hai / yaha ghar3A duHkha-sukha donoM kA paryAya hai| kintu jaba taka tAmasa kA nigaraNa nahIM karegA, taba taka samatA nahIM A sakatI / tAmasa svayaM viloma rUpa se samatA utpanna karatA hai| aba yaha kartavya kI sattA meM pUrI taraha DUba gayA hai| aba ghar3A yugoM-yugoM kI smRti hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 59 darzana aura adhyAtma jIvana ke do pada haiN| ina donoM kI agAdhatA hI mAnava kA dhyeya hai / ina donoM ke abhAva meM mAnava zava ke samAna hai aura donoM kI upalabdhi hI zivatva kI upalabdhi hai : "svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai |/anek saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vyasta jIvana darzana kA hotA hai |/bhirmukhii yA bahumukhI pratibhA hI darzana kA pAna karatI hai,/antarmukhI, bandamukhI cidAbhA niraMjana kA gAna karatI hai|" (pR. 288) sAdhanA kI yaha avasthA zArIrika parivartana karatI hai : "Aja taka/isa tana ko mRdutA hI rucatI AI,/parantu/taba saMsAra-patha thA yaha patha usase viparIta hai nA!/yahA~ para AtmA kI jIta hai nA! isa patha kA sambandha/tana se nahIM hai,/tana gauNa, cetana kAmya hai mRdu aura kAThinya meM sAmya hai, yahA~/aura/yaha hRdaya hamArA/kitanA komala hai, itanA komala hai kyA/tumhArA yaha uparila tana ?" (pR. 310-311) bhAratIya darzana meM puruSArtha ke sAtha-sAtha AzA kA bhI guNa jur3A huA hai / isameM dayA, mAyA, mamatA, sahAnubhUti, aura karuNA kA sammizraNa hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM prakRti mAnava kI sahacarI siddha huI hai| prakRti ke viparIta calakara sAdhanA niruddezya hotI hai : "prakRti se viparIta calanA/sAdhanA kI rIta nahIM hai| binA prIti, virati kA palanA/sAdhanA kI jIta nhiiN|" (pR. 391) caturtha adhyAya kA adhyAtma phalaka bar3A hI vistRta hai / isake samagra saundarya ko eka sthAna para sameTanA yA AtmasAt karanA sahaja nahIM hai| ___ kumbha kI kuzalatA hI zilpI kI kuzalatA hai / yahI zilpI kA sarvAdhika grAhya ullAsa hai| yahI santa samAgama kI sArthakatA hai / isake uparAnta sraSTA ko saMyama, santoSa aura zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai / AtmoddhAra ke lie svayaM apane ko kasanA hogA / guru to mArgadarzaka hai, kyoMki bandhana rUpa tana, mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha dazA meM avinazvara sukha hotA hai| ye kucha sphuraNa haiM 'mUkamATI' ke vastu vinyAsa aura usakI kAvya garimA ke / aise hI tamAma tattvoM ke cintana kA ratnAkara hai yaha kAvya / apanI divya sattA aura AdhyAtmikatA se yaha kRti sadmArgadarzaka cintana sUtra bana gaI hai| isa kRti meM kAvya kI mAtrA to sarvopayukta hai hI, sAtha hI darzana, dharma aura adhyAtma kA tri-saMkalana hai, jo kAvya kA prANa bana gayA hai| nizcaya hI Adhunika, balki uttara Adhunika sAhitya kI yaha eka abhinava upalabdhi hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': kAvya aura adhyAtma kA saMgama ghATa pro. (DaoN.) prema sumana jaina kavi aura jJAnI santoM dvArA jaba bhI satya ke udghATana aura yathArtha ke darzana ke prayatna kie gae to sarvavyApI aura sarala svarUpI mATI unakI AdhArazilA banI / cAhe vaidika RSiyoM kI anubhUtiyoM kA pratinidhitva pRthvIsUkta ke dvArA huA ho yA loka kavi zUdraka ne jana-jIvana ko ujAgara karane ke lie miTTI kI gAr3I' nATaka likhA ho athavA bhagavAn mahAvIra ko niyati aura puruSArtha kA vivecana karane ke lie kumbhakAra sakaDAla putra kI dukAna ke miTTI ke bartanoM kA udAharaNa denA par3A ho - sarvatra miTTI hI rUpaka banI hai paramArtha darzana kA / AcAryapravara, kAvyapravINa santa vidyAsAgara dvArA praNIta 'mUkamATI' kAvya kA tAnA-bAnA bhI nAnA rUpadhArI mATI ke irda-girda bunA gayA hai, jo kAvya aura adhyAtma meM DUbane ke lie pavitra saMgama ghATa bana gayA hai| _ 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI paribhASAoM se pare dArzanika anubhUtiyoM kI kAvyAtmaka prastutIkaraNa kI lalita racanA hai| yaha manoraMjana kI kRti nahIM, mana-bhaMjana kI TA~kI hai, jo mana ke pAra AtmA ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karane kA mArga prazasta karatI hai / yaha sukhAbhAsa nahIM, zAzvata sukha ke dvAra taka le jAne vAlA dIpastambha hai / sat sAhitya kI yaha bAnagI hai, kyoMki svayaM kavi santa ne paribhASA dI hai : "jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai|" (pR. 111) prastuta mahAkAvya ke cAra khaNDa haiN| 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' nAmaka prathama khaNDa meM kaMkaroM se mizrita mATI ko usake mUrta svarUpa meM lAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai tAki vaha apanA komala varNa prApta kara ske| yaha pratIka hai-bheda-vijJAna kaa| hara padArtha apane maulika svarUpa meM A jAya, jAnA jAya- yahI dharma kA mArga hai, kartavya kI Dagara hai| kavi isI khaNDa meM paricaya detA hai kaI jAne-mAne zabdoM kI adbhuta paribhASA dekara / santa kI anubhUtiyA~ haiM : 0 "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) 0 "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sktiiN|" (pR. 192) 0 "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya/sahI AdamI hai|" (pR. 64) 'mUkamATI' kA dUsarA khaNDa sahI dizA detA hai- zabda, bodha ora zodha ko| ye paryAyavAcI se bana gae haiMzraddhA, jJAna evaM cAritra ke / zubha kAryoM ke sampAdana, loka-hita evaM Atma-hita ke lie kie gae prayatnoM/kriyAoM se puNyArjana hotA hai aura kaSAyoM kI gulAmI se pApa-saMgraha, yahI sandeza isa kAvya kA tIsarA khaNDa pAThaka ko detA hai| kavi kahatA hai : "jIvana ko mata raNa banAo/prakRti mA~ kA RNa cukaao|" (pR. 149) samasta du:khoM kI jar3a bhAratIya paramparA meM 'nidAna' ko mAnA gayA hai| kavi ne use sarala nAma diyA hai- badale kA bhAva / isa badale ke bhAva se bacanA hI, bhava-bandhana se bacanA hai| AcAryazrI ne apane isa kAvya meM darzana aura adhyAtma
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________________ kI bheda rekhA spaSTa kara dI hai : " adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai / darzana parAdhIna upanayana / ... kabhI satya - rUpa kabhI asatya - rUpa / hotA hai darzana, jabaki adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI / bhAsvata hotA hai / " (pR. 288) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 61 kAvya kA caturtha khaNDa kathA - zilpa kA uttama namUnA hai / isa kRti meM santa, anubhUtiyoM kA jo saMgama huA hai, vaha mahAkAvya ko apratima banAtA hai / prakAzana aura prastutIkaraNa bhI nayanAbhirAma hai| [sampAdaka- 'prAkRta vidyA, udayapura, rAjasthAna, akTUbara, 1989 ] pRSTha 485 samagra saMsAra hI duHkha se bharapUra hai,...... apanA anubhava batAsako ra- tInoM kI kavi, kathAkAra - O
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________________ kAvya kI mATI aura mATI kA kAvya : 'mUkamATI' pro. (DaoN.) cakravartI 'mUkamATI' vastuta: kAvya kI mATI aura mATI kA kAvya hai jisameM hamArI dharatI ko usakI sArvabhaumikatA meM isa taraha svAyatta kiyA gayA hai ki vaha mUrta yathArtha kI pratibimba hI nahIM, balki apanI samagratA meM amUrta yathArtha kI pratibimba bhI bana gaI hai| isameM kavi ne apane racanAtmaka dhairya aura bhASA kI dIrghakAlika sArasvata yojanA se upadiSTa mAnava ke UrdhvamukhI vikAsa ke adyatana antarbAhya saMgharSoM aura sArthaka - nirarthaka, sundara - asundara upalabdhiyoM ko jo anubhUta kiyA, usI ko sambodhya bhAratIya mAnasa ke lie mukta chanda rahasyasikta DhaMga se sampreSita kara diyA / 'mUkamATI' ke vyApaka phalaka para, prati vastu kA mAnavIkaraNa aura nirantara sUkSma dRSTi se rUpaka, pratIka, bimba vidhAna ke saMyojana meM kavi kI cetanA saMvedanazIla ho uThI hai| mATI, yahA~ mAnava jIvana kI gatividhi ke pratIka-sI, eka pramukha bhUmikA nibhAtI hai aura apanI 'mA~' - dharA se nirantara upadiSTa (dezanA) hokara calatI rahatI hai| dharA, prakRti kI sampUrNatA ke anubhava se na alaga hai aura na aparicita / kavi ne inheM sAdhana aura sAdhya ke rUpa meM paraspara rUpAntarita kiyA haiN| donoM ko, vibhinna sandarbhoM meM bhedaparaka pahacAna dI hai| unakI tAttvika pahacAna meM kAvyArtha kI chavi vizvasanIya bana gaI hai : T "phira, / kucha kSaNoM ke lie / mauna chA jAtA hai- / donoM animeSa eka dUsare ko tAkatI haiM/dharA kI dRSTi mATI meM / mATI kI dRSTi dharA meM bahuta dUra" bhItara / jAjA - samAtI hai|" (pR. 5-6) mATI aura dharatI kA sArvabhaumika citra eka kendrIya rUpaka bhA~ti yahA~ ubharatA hai jisameM ativyApta vicchinnatA, prathama dRSTi meM hI, eka viziSTa prabhAva kI sRSTi karatI hai| isa mahAkAvya ke kAvya satya kI pahacAna ke lie jaina darzana ke anekAnta darzana ko jIvanagata pahacAna meM vinyasta dekhanA samIcIna hogA / samAnAzayI syAdvAda ke AvaraNa se usa gahare bodha ko anAvRta karanA hI kavi ko abhISTa lagatA hai| mUkamATI hI isa mahAkAvya kI divya aura mUrta nAyikA hai aura nAyaka hai kumbhakAra - AdhyAtmika guru, jo maMgala ghaTa kA zilpI hai / kumbha aura kumbhakAra ke uddhArakarttA svayaM jinadeva haiN| mUkamATI ( dharA) kI maMgala kAmanA hai ki zilpI dvArA nirmita maMgala kalaza se guru kA pAda-prakSAlana ho / saritA kI mATI jo sahasrAbdiyA~ chalA~gatI huI AI, sArI mAnava jAti kI pratIka hai to sAgara (dharA kA aMga) usa parama sattA kI gambhIra prakRti kA : " mere lie / isase bar3ha kara zreyasI / kauna-sI ho sakatI hai / sandhi vaha !... aura idhara sAmane / saritA / jo sarapaTa saraka rahI hai / apAra sAgara kI ora suna nahIM sakatI, isa vArtA ko / kAraNa !/ patha para calatA hai / satpatha - pathika vaha mur3akara nahIM dekhatA / tana se bhI, mana se bhI / / aura, saMkoca-zIlA lAjavatI lAvaNyavatI - / saritA - taTa kI mATI / apanA hRdaya kholatI hai mA~ dharatI ke sammukha / "svayaM patitA hU~ / aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, ... adhama pApiyoM se / pada- dalitA hU~ mA~ ! " (pR. 3-4) isameM bhAratIya darzana kI rUDhyAtmaka bauddhika abhivyakti nahIM, varan kavi kI bhAvanAtmaka samRddhijanya vaicArikatA vyakta hai| yuga-yuga mAnava jIvana pravAha meM isa mAnavIya mATI kA saMvedanazIla prazna hai :
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________________ ' isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ? / batA do, mA~... ise !" (pR. 5) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 63 kavi jar3a-cetana sattAoM ko nahIM varan sattAoM ke sambandhoM ko sAkSAtkRta karatA hai| vicAra-bhAva sampanna kavi kI yaha saMracanA, apane rUpakatva meM apratyAzita aura alakSita gahare aura vicArottejaka arthoM ko sampreSita karane meM vilakSaNa bana gii| 'dhRti dhAriNI dharatI' apanI mATI ko jo sambodhana karatI hai, vaha nae bhUbhAga ko kavitA meM lAne kI uttejanA hai, kavi kI bauddhika manobhUmi kA anveSaNa hai aura jaina darzana kI pArzvabhUmi para eka racanAtmaka sAhasa hai| yahA~ bAdaloM kI 'ujalI-ujalI jala kI dhArA' kA anyonyAzrita sambandhoM meM, pUrvazruta satya kI antardhvaniyA~ vyakta kara kavi apanI saundaryAbhiruci darzAte haiN| vaha nirmala dhArA, jaise dhUla meM dala - dala, nIma meM kaTutA, viSadhara meM hAlA, zuktikA meM motI banatI hai, vaise hI saMgati ke kAraNa mAnava mati nirmita hotI hai / kavi kahatA hai: "... jIvana kA / AsthA se vAstA hone para rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara / sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko sAthI bana sAtha detA hai / / ... sArthaka jIvana meM taba / " (pR. 9) vidyAsAgarajI kevala yogI nahIM varan eka sahRdaya sAmAjika aura dArzanika bhI haiM, jo saMvedanA aura tarkabuddhi se jana sAmAnya ko vaha Aloka dete haiM, jo samatA ke rAga kA Aloka hai / kavi kI bhAva UrjA jaina dharmAnuzAsana kI bhAvabhUmi se itane ghaniSTha rUpa se jur3I hai ki unakI mAnavaniSTha dRSTi apane prasthAnabindu se lekara anta taka mAnava jIvana kI saMkramaNa sthitiyoM ke mArmika anta: sAkSya DhU~r3hatI huI sAdhanA sambhava mukti kI asandigdha AkAMkSA kA nirdeza karatI hai| unakI sarjanAtmaka UrjA meM eka gaharI AsthA aura adamya pratibaddhatA dikhAI detI hai / dharatI usa sAdhaka (mATI) ko AsthApUrNa sAdhanA ke lie prerita karatI hai aura dhyAnamagnA mATI, apanI mA~ ke sambodhana ko zravita kara bola uThatI hai : " isa sambodhana se / yaha jIvana bodhita ho, / abhibhUta huA, mA~ !... bAharI dRSTi se / aura / bAharI sRSTi se / achUtA sA kucha bhItarI jagata ko / chUtA - sA lagA / apUrva azrutapUrva yaha mArmika kathana hai, mA~ ! " (pR. 14-15) aura usake bhIge bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA se dharatI Azvasta ho gaI : " mere Azaya, mere bhAva / bhItara tuma taka utara ge|" (pR. 16) aura phira dharatI apane bhAvocchvAsa meM eka gahana aura saghana buddhizIlatA kA paricaya detI hai : 'kala ke prabhAta se / apanI yAtrA kA / sUtra -pAta karanA hai tumheM ! prabhAta meM kumbhakAra AyegA / patita se pAvana banane, / samarpaNa - bhAva- sameta usake sukhada caraNoM meM / praNipAta karanA hai tumheM / " (pR. 16 - 17) kavi kI rahasyAtmaka anubhUti kI manoharatA, sRjanAtmaka kalpanA kI sUkSmatA aura naisargika tAdAtmya kI ramaNIyatA darzanIya hai :
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________________ 64 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "binA dAga hai yaha zilpa/aura kuzala hai yaha shilpii|/yug ke Adi meM isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai/kumbhakAra !/'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura 'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo/bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) kavi ne zramaNa saMskRti kI sambhAvanAoM ko aura zramaNa-sAdhaka ke dikkAla sambandhoM kI nirantaratA ko paribhASita karane kA yatna kiyA hai : . "...aba zilpI ne/kArya kI zurUAta meM/oMkAra ko namana kiyA aura usane/pahale se hI/ahaMkAra kA vamana kiyA hai|" (pR. 28) 0 "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai aura/khara-kAThI se/guru jAti se/vaha avilamba/bikharatA hai|" (pR. 45) yahIM se isa kAvya kA citrAtmaka phalaka saMvedya ho uThA hai / isase isa kavitA meM raha-rahakara do spaSTa tattva pArasparika viparItatA lekara apane dvaita evaM dvandva ke caramavAdI saMvAda svaroM ko uccarita karate haiN| ina sAmAnya jJAnAtmaka prativAdoM kA prayoga AlaMkArika nahIM varan jaina darzana aura AdhunikatAvAdI vaicArikatA kA vidhivat rUpAntaraNa hai| kavi kA cintana vivAdI svaroM se adhika, AdhyAtmika rAgoM meM paryavasita huA hai| mATI to parizodhana se reta-kaMkara mukta ho gii| kintu reta-kaMkara kA roSa zilpI ke prati vyakta ho gayA : "gAta kI ho yA jAta kI,/eka hI bAta hai hamameM aura mATI meM/samatA-sadRzatA hai|" (pR. 46) nimna jAtiyoM meM jAtIyatA ke viruddha vidrohI nahIM varan vastusthiti tathA Atmasthiti kI eka naI pahacAna kI mA~ga hai| isa gahare avahelita satya kA eka nipaTa aura tIvra Agraha hai yahA~ / ___ mATI meM kaMkara haiM to varNa saMkara hai / ghaTa ke lie to kaMkara (saMkara) mukta karanA Avazyaka hai| kaMkara pAnI sokha nahIM sakatA, kyoMki usameM dayA nahIM hai| kaMkaroM ke usa pRthakavAda ke AvirbhAva se unake mAna kA baunA honA' aura mAna kA avasAna lakSita hotA hai / ata: kavi prArthanA karatA hai : "o mAnAtIta mArdava-mUrti,/mATI mA~ !/eka mantra do ise jisase ki yaha/hIrA bane/aura kharA bane kaMcana-sA !" (pR.56) siddha kumbhakAra mATI ko maMgala ghaTa meM rUpAntarita karane ke lie jala-nimitta gA~Thagrasta rassI kA avalamba letA hai / dA~ta aura rasanA kA prayoga hiMsA kA pratIka hai, ata: rasanA kahatI hai : "mere svAmI saMyamI haiM/hiMsA se bhayabhIta,/aura/ahiMsA hI jIvana hai unakA / ...jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai/vahA~ nizcita ho/hiMsA chalatI hai / " (pR. 64) gA~Tha mukta kara kumbhakAra bAlaTI kue~ meM DAlatA hai| tabhI usakI praticchAyA nIce jala meM machalI para par3atI hai| usakI manobhAvanA UrdhvamukhI ho uThatI hai / vaha kue~ se bAhara AnA cAhatI hai : "isa zubha yAtrA kA/eka hI prayojana hai,/sAmya-samatA hI merA bhojana ho/...divi meM, bhU meM/bhUgarbho meM/jiyA-dharma kI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 65 dayA-dharma kI/prabhAvanA ho..!" (pR. 77-78) bAlaTI ke sAtha machalI bAhara AtI hai aura mA~ mATI ke caraNoM meM gira jAtI hai| vaha mA~ se jJAna mA~gatI hai| mATI kumbhakAra se prArthanA karatI hai ki machalI ko kUpa jala meM pahu~cA deM, kyoMki "dayA dharma kA mUla hai"| dvitIya khaNDa meM komala mATI meM anukUla jala mizrita karanA, rauMdanA aura phira kulAla cakra meM rakhakara AkAra denA, kacce ghaTa para aneka aMkoM ko, citroM ko aMkita karanA aura sUkhane ke lie chor3a dene ke aneka vizada citrAtmaka prasaMga haiN| kAvya ke dRzyAtmaka phalaka para ghaTa aura kumbhakAra kI sannidhi usa dvaita ke kAraNa, bhinnatA ke yathArtha se kevala samAhAra hI nahIM karatI varan sAdhaka zramaNa ke dvaidha santulana ko saMvedana aura saMjJApana para kendrita karatI hai| 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM kavi usa dUrI ko sAdhatA hai, jahA~ satya aura adhyAtma sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| apanI pravacanAtmaka vAcAlatA meM sarvAtizaya gambhIra cintana kA sahaja sampreSaNa karanA, bhAvoM kI anivArya pariNati ke lie bhASA kI varIyatA darzAnA, nizcitatAvAdI avadhAraNA ke antaraMga spandana ko rekhAMkita karanA hI isa khaNDa ke pramukha pratipAdya haiN| "cakra aneka-vidha huA karate haiM/saMsAra kA cakra vaha hai jo rAga-roSa Adi vaibhAvika/adhyavasAna kA kAraNa hai;/cakrI kA cakra vaha hai jo bhautika-jIvana ke/avasAna kA kAraNa hai,/parantu/kulAla cakra yaha, vaha sAna hai jisa para jIvana car3hakara/anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai|" (pR.161-162) guru kumbhakAra apane naimittika karma ke sadRza apane sraSTA hAthoM se mATI ko satya bodha se paricita karAtA tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM kavi kI cintA aura AsthA tathA vizvAsa aura pahacAna kI bhUmikA spaSTa huI hai / sUrya, candra, dharatI, sAgara, mATI evaM nArI Adi kI vastusthiti tathA AstikatA tathA unake rAga-dveSAtmaka anta:sambandhoM ko kavi ne paripakva aura vicArottejaka tIvratA ke sAtha prastata kara di diyA hai| jAgatika prapaMca kI kArayitrI zaktiyoM kI laghimA aura garimA, anyonyAzrita sattAoM kA saMkucana evaM prastAra aura deza-kAla kI mAyika saMsRSTi kI vaizvika vyavasthA ke nirUpaNa meM kavi kI prANavattA rasamayI ho gaI hai| sAdhaka kumbha kI lokAyata pravAhI yAtrA aDiga, avikalpa, mauna aura samabhAva to hotI hai para pratikUlatAoM ko bhI apanI lakSya pUrti kA sAdhana mAnatI hai: "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA,/vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) / caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM bahu ghaTanAcakroM aura anyAnya anta:kathAoM ke kAraNa kAvyavastu kA pUrvavartI khaNDoM ke pariprekSya meM avyavasthita saMyojana huA hai / avA meM kacce ghaTa ko pakAne ke upakrama meM zilpI ke navakAra mantra kA jApa, babUla kI lakar3iyoM kA zilpI se prativAda, kumbha agni kA saMvAda, kumbha ke agniparIkSaNa ke lie svIkRti, pramudita agni kA prajvalana, kumbha kI Atmazuddhi aura AtmasAkSAtkAra kI abhivyaMjanA ke
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________________ 66 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bAda mAnavIkRta mATI kI kendrIya arthasRSTi kucha pRSThoM taka calakara gauNa ho jAtI hai / yaha khaNDa vastuta: eka svatantra kAvya hai, kyoMki mATI kI pUrvavartI madhurima kAvya bhUmikA ke uttarottara citraNa kI apekSA, kavi kI yahA~ upadezana manovRtti vyApaka rUpa se ubhara gaI hai| zramaNa - kavi kI pravacanAtmaka abhivyaMjanA* A~kar3oM, sUktiyoM, sUtroM aura vaktavyoM ke nirantara nirUpaNa meM vikAsavAda kI pariNati kA samarthana milatA hai / ve amaryAdita vyavasthA meM DUbe sampanna - samRddha nagara seTha ko AtmonmAda saMskRti aura kAvya - vastu kI mUladhArA mAnavIkRta mATI ke bIca eka anyokti sambandha ko rekhAMkita karake raha jAte haiM / prakRti aura mAna ke sambandhoM ke anveSaNa aura mUlyAMkana meM kavi ko bhale hI saphalatA milI ho kintu mahAkAvya ke isa khaNDa kI kathAvastu meM kapolakalpita galpoM aura antara kathAoM ke zithila saMyojana se, kalAtmaka uccAzaya aura kAvyAtmaka saMgaThana kI pratibaddhatA dikhAI nahIM detii| kAvya kI mATI arthAt mAnava aura prakRti ke mUla meM tAttvika pahacAna ke dvaita kA Agraha nirantara calatA rahatA hai / nagara seTha kA yaha upasthApita kathA prasaMga, mUla kathA vastu se apanA sambandha banAe rakhatA hai| nagara seTha ke tarka-chala jIvana kI dahazata, gaharI vyagratA kA bhAva, pUre parivAra kI rugNa mana:sthitiyA~, pU~jIvAdI samAja kI vikRtiyoM aura visaMgatiyoM kI pariNati tathA antahIna eka kusvapna ke yathArtha kI aparihArya anubhUti ke tamAma sandarbhoM ko pratibimbanoM, apavarttanoM, vighaTanoM aura visaMgatiyoM ke astitvamUlaka praznoM ke prati kavi saceta hai / kintu anyonyAzrita galpoM ke eka vRtta meM unakI kArayitrI aura bhAvayitrI pratibhA upadezAtmaka yA pravacanAtmaka upakrama meM pratibaddha ho gaI hai / kavi itihAsa, bhUgola, samAjazAstra, manovijJAna, vijJAna, rAjanIti, darzana evaM cintana Adi Adhunika jJAnavikAsa aura pU~jIvAda, vikAsavAda tathA AtaMkavAda Adi vaicArika AndolanoM ke bIca, mUlyoM se vicchinna mAnava ko rUr3ha-jar3a vastuoM, bUjrjyA ghaTakoM aura sAmpratika dvandvoM kI pUrvAparatA kI ekaraikhika yAtrA meM vivaza dekhatA hai| ve kAvyavastu meM prakRti aura mAnava ke AtmaparIkSaNa aura vartamAnakAlika dvaita- dvandvAtmaka vighaTana kI kalpanA ko saMvAda kI kaThina aura gaharI prakriyA meM bA~dhate to haiM kintu apanI AsthA aura bhAvasampadA ke dvArA apane caturtha bRhat khaNDa kI saMracanA ko mahAkAvyatva kI garimA se satyApita karane meM asamartha ho jAte haiM / zilpI ke dvArA zodhita, nirmita, agni parIkSaNa meM uttIrNa maMgala ghaTa apane zuddha sAttvika rUpa meM mAnavetara artha aura dhvaniyoM ke samAdhAna prastuta kara, guru (zilpI) aura mA~ (mATI) kI utpreraNA aura upadezanA ko sArthaka kara detA hai| mATI svayaM UrdhvamukhI hokara, sarga se nisarga tathA varga se apavarga kI yAtrA yuga-yuga se karatI A rahI hai| yahI mATI kA kAvya hai / pRSTha pUcha yU~bIca meM hI kaMkaroM kI ora se... aura kharA bane kaMcana-sA !"
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________________ AtmacetanA kA samyak sAhityika pravAha : 'mUkamATI' AcArya DaoN. harizaMkara dube digambarAcAryoM kI zramaNa paramparA ke unnAyaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja kI amara kRti 'mUkamATI' gahare AdhyAtmika arthoM ko sameTe dArzanika pRSThabhUmi para viracita eka sarasa mahAkAvyAtmakatA yukta sAhityika kRti hai, jo lokaraMjana ke sAtha lokamaMjana aura bhavabhaMjana kI sampadA se yukta hai / yaha kAvya na to kisI kavi ke aikAntika prema kA AlApa hai, na usakI viphalatA kA vilApa, na gaharI prema-pIr3A kA pralApa hai aura na Atma-vimugdhA dazA kA svAntaHsukhAya ekAlApa, apitu yaha jIva aura brahma ke madhya vistArita mAyAmaya jagat meM pha~se-dhaMse usa aMza kA apane aMzI se saMlApa hai jisa aMza ko saMsAra kI satyatA-nityatA-baddhatA Adi kI saccAiyoM kA bodha hai aura yahI bodha usake isa saMvAda kI zakti hai aura sImA bhI / yahI kAraNa hai ki racanAkAra na to kathAkAra hai, na vyathAkAra, apitu vaha yathAkAra banane kA abhilASI hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN|/aur maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN|" (pR. 245) kRti kI bhAvabhUmi kavi kI yaha racanA kevala kRti nahIM hai, varan jIvana vikRti ke viruddha saMskRti kA siMhanAda hai / kavi kA yathAkAra banane kA bhAva use so'haM kI bhAratIya saMskRti kI usa bhAvabhUmi para pratiSThita karatA hai, jo advaita kI carama pariNati hai / tathAkAra banane kI kavi kI abhilASA naI nahIM hai, vaha anyatra apanI eka kavitA meM kahatA hai : "tana mana ko tapa se tapA, svarNa banU~ chavimAna / bhakta banUM, bhagavAna ko bhanU~, banU~ bhagavAna // " cAhe cetanA ke gaharAva meM" nAmaka kavitA saMgraha ho yA 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' yA phira kAvya saMgraha 'totA kyoM rotA' kRti ho yA 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' - sabameM Atma-pariSkAra kI yahI gaharI TIsa samAI hai / cetanA ke gaharAva kA kavi kAla ke pravAha meM bahate jAte jIva aura naSTa hote jIvana ke prati jAgarUka hai : "yaha eka/nadI kA pravAha rahA hai/kAla kA pravAha/baha rahA hai aura bahatA! bahatA!! kaha rahA!!!/jIva yA ajIva kA/yaha jIvana pala-pala isI pravAha meM/baha rahA, bahatA jA rahA hai|" (cetanA ke gaharAva meM", kAvya saMgrahagata 'ha~sIlI sattA' kavitA, pR. 82) jIvana kI isa dAruNa dazA ke kAraNoM kA bhAna kavi ko hai / vaha 'nijAnubhava zataka' meM kahatA hai : "dArA nahIM zaraNa hai, manamohinI hai, detI atIva dukha hai, bhavavardhinI hai / saMsAra kAnana jahA~ vaha sarpiNI hai; mAyAvinI azuci hai, kalikAriNI hai|" (62)
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________________ 68 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isI taraha 'dohA- dohana' meM bhI aisI hI anubhUtiyA~ vyakta huI haiN| hamAre kahane kA abhiprAya mAtra itanA hai ki ina kRtiyoM meM se vyatIta hokara hI kavi kI usa manobhUmi ko samajhA aura vivecita kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisameM 'mUkamATI' kI racanA kA abhimAnasa nirmita huA hai| mATI kI mukharatA meM nihita bhAsvaratA kavi bhale hI apanI racanA ko 'mUkamATI' kI saMjJA de kintu anakahe vaha mATI itanA kucha kahatI hai ki eka mahAkAvya kA kAya- kalevara bhI choTA par3a jAtA hai / mAToM kI mauna sAdhanA meM antarnihita ve tattva hI use vANI pradAna karate haiM, jinheM saMyama, sevA, sAdhanA, satkAra, sahakAra, saMskAra, zAlInatA aura samarpaNa jaise nAmAbhidhAna die jA sakate haiN| manuja mATI kA putalA hai, ataH mATI ke prati usakA AkarSaNa sahaja hai, saprayAsa nhiiN| mATI kA svara manuja aura usakI manuSyatA kA svara hai aura manuSya ke svaroM meM mATI kI mUka pIr3A bhI samAhita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tulasI jaba 'paMca racita yaha adhama zarIrA' kahate haiM to mATI ko prathama pUjya sthAna dete haiM aura kabIra "mATI kahe kumhAra se tU kyA rauMde moya / ika dina aisA AyagA maiM rauMdUMgI toya" - kahakara mATI kI nityatA ke sammukha kumbhakAra kI nazvaratA kA udghoSa kara dete haiN| 'aSTAcakrA navAdvArA devAnAM purayoddhayA' kahane vAle veda bhI isa mATI ke zarIra meM hI devatAoM kI upasthiti kA AdhAra DhU~r3hate haiN| taba se lagAtAra kavigaNa isa mATI meM AtmasAt usa satya ke sandhAna meM sAdhanArata haiM, jo jIva ko jagat meM pravRtta karatA hai| yaha mATI bhale hI mUka ho kintu ( hindU darzana ke anusAra) sRSTikartA brahmA ke sRjana kI prathama AdhArabhUta zakti yahI mATI bnii| isI se mAnava banA, usakA jIvana calA aura usane apane jIvana ke lie saraMjAma sa~joe / isI mATI ke lie jAne kitane sattA saMgharSa hue aura sattAdhIzoM kI rAja- sattAe~ mATI meM mila gaIM / satyavatI sItA isI mATI kI goda meM pAI gaIM, khelIM aura apane satItva pramANa ke lie isI mATI kI goda meM cira vizrAnti pA skiiN| isI mATI kA uddhAra karane ke lie viSNu ko varAha kA avatAra dhAraNa karanA par3A aura isI mATI ko tIna paga meM nApane ke lie unheM vAmana rUpa lenA pdd'aa| jaba se manuSya ne buddhi-viveka pAyA to isa mATI ko candana samajha mAthe para lagAyA / isa deza kA hara grAma tapobhUmi banA aura baccA-baccA rAma bana gyaa| isI mATI kI Ana- zAna-bAna ke lie vIrayoddhA samarAMgaNa meM prANoM kI bAjI lagA dete haiM to isI mATI para nyauchAvara hone kavi mAkhanalAla caturvedI kaha uThate haiM : "mujhe tor3a lenA vanamAlI usa patha para tuma denA pheMka / mAtRbhUmi hita zIza car3hAne jisa patha jAveM vIra aneka // " yaha puSpa kI hI abhilASA nahIM, usa yuga kA satya bana gayA jo yuga apanI dharatI ke prati kRtajJatA bhAva se namita thA / bhagavAn bhale jagat ko banAte hoM kintu unheM banAne vAle bhakta ke lie yahI miTTI sahArA bnii| isI mATI ke bala para bhakta ne na jAne kitanI deva pratimAe~ gddh'iiN| DaoN. zivamaMgala siMha 'sumana' ne isI mATI ke vizvAsa kI amaratA ke lie likhA : "sau bAra bane sau bAra miTe, lekina miTTI avinazvara hai / miTTI gala jAtI para usakA, vizvAsa amara ho jAtA hai / " isI mATI ne apanI goda meM aneka yugoM ko DhularAyA hai, zatAbdiyoM ko sulAyA hai : " virace ziva viSNu viraMci vipula / agaNita brahmANDa hilAe haiM / palane meM pratyaya sulAyA hai, / godI meM kalpa khilAe haiM / "
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 69 isI mATI se kisI ne amRta ghaTa banAyA to kisI ne dIpa kI racanA kara timira harana kA udyoga kiyaa| siyArAma zaraNa gupta kA ghaTa isa mATI kI kuTila karkazatA se karAha uThatA hai : "kuTila kaMkar3oM ko karkaza raja mala-malakara sAre tana meN| jAne kisa nirdaya nirmama ne mujhako bA~dhA hai isa bandhana meM // " __ harivaMza rAya baccana ne bhale hI isa mATI se apanI hAlA ke DhAlane ke lie pyAlA gar3hA ho kintu unheM bhI isa mATI kA gumAna hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha kaha uThate haiM : "jise jhaMjhA kI jhanaka na bhAe, use nahIM jIne kA haka hai, jise mATI kI mahaka na bhAe, use nahIM jIne kA haka hai // " isa prakAra isa mATI kI mUkatA meM tattvajJAna, AtmadAna, balidAna aura prANavAn pAvana UrjA kI jo bhAsvaratA sannihita hai, use kavi kI rasasiddha dRSTi hI samajha sakatI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA virAT paridRzya ___ tuccha-sI kahalAne vAlI aneka muhAvaroM kI janmadAtrI isa mATI ke dRSTipatha meM ananta kA vistAra samAyA hai, jisakI rUpa mAdhurI kA pAna karake mA~ kI mArdava goda meM mukha para A~cala lekara karavaTa badalatA bhAnu nidrA sukha chor3a prAcI se jhA~kane lagA hai : 0 "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI, aura 'idhara 'nIce/nirI nIravatA chaaii|" (pR. 1) "lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apanI parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 2) 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ke isa citraNa se zrI jayazaMkara prasAda ke mahAkAvya 'kAmAyanI' ke Arambha kA vaha dRzya sahasA nayana paTala para ubhara AtA hai, jahA~ himagiri ke uttuMga zikhira para baiThA eka puruSa virATamaya prakRti aura usameM samAI cetanatA ko apalaka nihAra rahA hai : "dUra-dUra taka vistRta thA, hima stabdha usI ke hRdaya-samAna, nIravatA-sI zilA-caraNa se TakarAtA phiratA pavamAna / " aura taba uSA kA Agamana huA : - "uSA sunahale tora barasatI jayalakSmI-sI udita huI, udhara parAjita kAlarAtri bhI jala meM antarnihita huii|" "netra nimIlana karatI mAno prakRti prabuddha lagI hone, jaladhi lahariyoM kI aMgar3AI bAra-bAra jAtI sone / sindhuseja para dharAvadhU aba tanika saMkucita baitthii-sii||"
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________________ 70 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' kA mahAkAvyatva prastuta saMgraha ke Arambha meM likhita 'prastavana' meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina isa kRti ke sambandha meM likhate haiM : "... (ise) mahAkAvya kI paramparAgata paribhASA ke caukhaTe meM jar3anA sambhava nahIM hai, kintu yadi vicAra kareM ki cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita yaha kAvya lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM meM samAhita hai, to parimANa kI dRSTi se yaha mahAkAvya kI sImAoM ko chUtA hai|" yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kyA kevala parimANa kI dRSTi se hI yaha mahAkAvya hai ? pariNAma kI dRSTi se kyA hai ? kevala kalevara kI vizAlatA hI kRti ko mahAkAvyatva de sakatI to sAre zabda - koSa mahAkAvya kahalAte / 'sAhitya-darpaNa'kAra ne '"sargabandho mahAkAvyam" likhakara mahAkAvya ke sAre lakSaNoM kI carcA kI hai| sarga kI dRSTi se hI yadi vicAra kareM to purAne mahAkAvyoM meM kama-se-kama ATha sarga anivArya mAne gae haiN| prastuta kAvya kRti meM to cAra hI sarga haiM | hindI mahAkAvyoM kA pramANa mAne jAne vAle 'zrI rAmacarita mAnasa' meM 'sapta prabaMdha subhaga sopAnA". dvArA sAta sargoM kI hI avatAraNA kI gaI hai, to saMskRta meM vAlmIki ne 'rAmAyaNam' meM sAta kANDoM kI hI racanA kI hai| yadi yaha mahAkAvya hai, to sarga kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kyoM nahIM ? kahA jA sakatA hai ki vAlmIki 'rAmAyaNam' meM ekaeka kANDa meM aneka sarga-upasarga samAhita haiM / mahAkAvya ke lie eka hI chanda anivArya hotA hai / tulasI ke dohAcaupAI ko liyA kintu bIca-bIca meM soraThA Adi kA bhI sahArA liyA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra ko chandoM ke bandhana svIkArya nahIM, vaha mukta chanda kA prayoga karatA hai / vastuta: chanda bandha kA mUla bhAva kathA kA pravAha hai / 'mUkamATI' kA kavi kathA pravAha aura usake vistAra ke prati jAgarUka hai| yaha bAta bhI vicAraNIya hai ki mahAkAvya kA viSaya kyA ho ? zAstrIya paramparA meM mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya ke viSayoM kA pRthak-pRthak vicAra hai| mahAkAvya ke ve hI viSaya cune jA sakate haiM, jinameM vRhad kathA-tattva hoN| 'mATI' ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya kaise banAyA jA sakatA hai ? isa dRSTi se vicAra kareM to hamAre sammukha zrIharSa kA 'naiSadhacarita' sAmane AtA hai, jisameM nala-damayantI ke pariNaya mAtra kI kathA ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai, isI taraha 'priya pravAsa' aura 'vaidehI vanavAsa' meM choTI-choTI kathAoM ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai / mahAkAvya ke lie kathA kI aitihAsikatA yA paurANikatA anivArya hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' kI kathA isa dRSTi se kharI nahIM utaratI kintu 'kAdambarI' kI kathA jisa taraha kalpita kathA hai, usI taraha 'mUkamATI' bhI kavi kI kalpanA kI udbhAvanA hai| vastuta: mahAkAvya meM kathA vaicitrya apekSita nahIM hotA / kathA abhISTa hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra kathA rasa ke prati jAgarUka hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha mahAkavi kezava kI 'rAmacandrikA' kI taraha choTe-choTe varNanoM para dhyAna detA hai / mATI kA utkhanana, kA~Te kA saMvAda, mATI kI chanAI - binAI - kuTAI meM kaMkar3oM kI pIr3A, pAnI lAne ke lie kuA~, bAlTI, rassI kI gA~Tha, usa gA~Tha ko kholane ke lie dA~toM kA upakrama, lAlArasa (lAra) meM gA~Tha kA DhIlA par3akara khulanA Adi jAne kitane choTe-choTe varNanoM ke prati kavi sAvadhAna hai / mahAkAvya ke Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa kI paramparA hai, jo 'mUkamATI' meM anupalabdha hai / zAstrIya paramparA meM tIna prakAra ke maMgalAcaraNa mAne gae haiM - namaskArAtmaka, AzIrvAdAtmaka aura vastu nirdezAtmaka / yahA~ tInoM kA hI abhAva hai / isa paramparA ko tor3ane kI bhI paramparA rahI hai| 'priya pravAsa' se lekara 'kAmAyanI' taka jAne kitane hindI mahAkAvyoM meM maMgalAcaraNa kI isa paramparA kA bhaMjana kiyA gayA hai jise vidyAsAgarajI ne bhI apanAyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha ki kavi 'mUkamATI' ke Arambha meM "sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, / aura 'idhara ''nIce/nirI nIravatA chAI / " (pR. 1) likhatA hai, to jisa sImAtIta mahAzUnya kA ullekha karatA hai, vaha mAnoM usI virAT kI abhyarthanA kA maMgalAcaraNa bana jAtA hai / rasa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to 'mUkamATI' kA pradhAna rasa zAnta hai, jo nATakoM kI dRSTi se varjita mAnA jAtA hai| zrRMgAra yA vIra hI pradhAna rasa honA caahie| 1
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 71 isa prakAra mahAkAvya kI zAstrIya paramparA kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya aneka prazna khar3e karatA hai, jinameM se eka usake nAyakatva kA bhI hai / 'mUkamATI' kA nAyakatva mahAkAvya ho yA khaNDakAvya, nATaka ho yA upanyAsa- sabameM nAyaka kI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' nAyaka ko lekara asamaMjasa kI sthiti rahI hai| zrI lakSmIcandra jaina grantha ke Arambha meM likhita 'prastavana' meM isa prazna ko uThAte haiM : "... prazna hogA ki 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka kauna hai, nAyikA kauna hai ? bahuta hI rocaka prazna hai, kyoMki isakA uttara kevala anekAnta dRSTi se hI sambhava hai| mATI to nAyikA hai hI, kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAna sakate haiM " kintu yaha dRSTi laukika artha meM ghaTita nahIM hotii| yahA~ romAMsa yadi hai to AdhyAtmika prakAra kA hai|" vastutaH nAyaka zabda ko pulliMgavAcI mAnane ke kAraNa miTTI ko nAyikA mAna liyA jAtA hai, to nAyaka kI khoja Arambha hotI hai / kahIM kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAnA jAtA hai, to kahIM mATI se nirmita kalaza ke jala se jina gurucaraNAravindoM kA abhiSeka honA hai, una sadguru ko nAyaka ghoSita kara diyA jAtA hai / hameM isa kRti ke nAyaka kI talAza ke lie nAyaka kI kasauTI para dhyAna denA hogA / 'nATyazAstra' ke praNetA AcArya bharatamuni ne apane grantha meM lakSaNoM kI vistRta vivecanA kI hai| 'dazarUpaka' kAra dhanaMjaya ne nAyaka kA vinIta, zUravIra, netA, lokapriya, sthira, yuvA, utsAhI, kalApriya, dRr3hapratijJa tathA sAhasI honA anivArya mAnA hai / bhASAyI niSpatti ke AdhAra para nAyaka zabda saMskRta bhASA kI 'nI' dhAtu se niSpanna hai, jisakA artha jAnA hotA hai / arthAt nATaka kI kathA ke vibhinna sUtroM kI eka zrRMkhalA meM Abaddha karake antima lakSya taka le jAne vAlA nAyaka kahalAtA hai / uparyukta bAtoM ke prakAza meM mukhya nAyaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha : (1) kathA kI kendrIya dhurI ho arthAt mukhya pAtra ho / (2) atha (kathArambha ) se iti (kathA samApana ) taka usakI upasthiti ho / (3) rasa niSpatti kA mukhya kAraka ho / (4) samasta prAsaMgika kathAoM kA sUtra saMcAlaka ho / dhIrodAtta Adi guNoM kI carcA yahA~ hamArA abhipreta nahIM hai / ina tattvoM ke prakAza meM sahaja spaSTa hai ki vaha mATI hI eka aisA caritra hai, jo samUcI kAvyakRti kA kendra bindu hai, aura kRti kA nAmakaraNa bhI usake nAma para hI huA hai| kumbhakAra kA prasaMga ho yA rassI, kA~Te kI bAta ho yA kaMkar3a kI - sAre prasaMga mATI ke kAraNa hI upasthita hote haiM / zrI phaNIzvara nAtha reNu ne jaba 'mailA A~cala' upanyAsa likhakara usakI bhUmikA meM likhA hai : "yaha hai, A~calika upnyaas| isameM dhUla bhI hai, gulAla bhI, phUla bhI haiM, zUla bhii...|" to samIkSaka usa A~calika upanyAsa meM nAyaka talAza karane lage aura apanA sira dhunane lge| DaoN. prazAnta ko nAyaka mAnA jAne lagA to nAyaka kI kasauTI para vaha khare nahIM utare / samIkSakoM ke sammukha samasyA khar3I huii| bAda meM nirdhArita kiyA gayA ki isa racanA kA nAyaka koI vyakti nahIM, samUcA pariveza hai / taba se a~cala ko nAyaka mAnane kI bAta siddha huI aura A~calika upanyAsoM kI nUtana dhArA kA zrIgaNeza huA / hamAre kahane kA abhiprAya mAtra itanA hai, ki jaba kRtikAra kA pauruSa, usakA racanA sAmarthya itanA bar3hAcar3hA hotA hai ki hamArI paramparAgata soca ke DhA~ce choTe par3a jAte haiM, taba samIkSA ke nae nikaSa banate haiM, koI nirAlA, koI reNu yA koI vidyAsAgara jaisA racanAkAra apanI aparimita prANa UrjA se zAstrIyatA ke bane banAe sA~coM ko tor3a DAlatA hai; kiMvA use choTA kara detA hai to usa baunepana se nayA zAstra janma letA hai; jisameM mUkamATI ko nAyaka kA pada denA samIkSA kI vivazatA hotI hai, anivAryatA hotI hai| isa prakAra prastuta sandarbha meM 'mATI' hI isa sUcanA kA nAyaka
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________________ 72 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA siddha hotI hai| spaSTa hai ki 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya ke paramparAgata sUtroM ke sahAre vivecita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| parimANa kI dRSTi se nahIM, usake sandeza kI dRSTi se, racanA ke pariNAma kI dRSTi se aura racanA meM samAhita kavi ke udAtta cintana kI dRSTi se isa para vicAra kiyA jAnA caahie| cAra sargoM meM samAhita mATI kI karuNa karmakathA kA kathya ___racanAkAra ne mATI kI mahAkAvyAtmakatA ko cAra sargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai jinheM kramaza: 'saMkara nahIM : varNalAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dIsI rAkha' jaise nAmoM se suzobhita kiyA gayA hai| prathama sarga meM mATI kA mA~ saritA se saMvAda, kumbhakAra se mATI kA saMsarga, kA~Te ke mAthe para kudAlI kI coTa, usakA kumbhakAra se pratikAra kA bhAva, mATI kI karuNa kathA se kumbhakAra kA dravIbhUta honA, khuradurI borI meM mATI kA bharA jAnA, gadahe kI pITha para ladanA, ragar3a se ghAva meM miTTI kA lepa, upAzrama parisara meM mATI kA saMskAra, pariSkAra, varNa saMkarI kaMkara kA saMvAda, bAlTI, rassI kue~ kA prasaMga aura machalI kA prasaMga samAhita hai| dvitIya sarga kumbhakAra kI dazA, kA~Te ko upadeza, zUla-phUla kI carcA, sAhitya kI vyAkhyA, AsthA se saMsthA taka kI vicAra yAtrA, mATI kA gUMthanA, nava rasoM kI paribhASA, cAka para miTTI ke lode kA car3hAva, ghaTa nirmANa, usa para kI gaI citrakArI Adi ke varNana se bharA par3A hai| tRtIya sarga meM kavi mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA ke byAja se puNya karma ke sampAdana se udbhUta zreyaSkArI upalabdhiyoM ko citrita karatA hai aura pApa-puNya kA vivecana karatA hai| dharatI ke sarvasahya rUpa, veNu (bA~sa) kI kathA, candramA kI IrSyA, sAgara kA kapaTa, tIna badaliyoM kI kathA, prabhA aura usake pati prabhAkara kI kathA, janatA kI AkAMkSAe~ aura rAjamaNDalI se moha bhaMga, kumbha-rAjA saMvAda, bAdala-sUrya-sAgara-saMvAda, varSA varNana aura kumbhakAra kI dazA Adi kA varNana hai| caturtha sarga meM aneka kathAe~ samAhita haiN| kumbha kA A~ve meM pakAnA, babUla dvArA lakar3iyoM kI antarvedanA kA gAna, kumbha kA pakanA, seTha ke ghara AnA, kalaza rUpa meM ghaTa sthApanA, AhAradAna kI prakriyA, svarNa kalaza kI IrSyA, seTha kI rugNa dazA, svarNa kalaza kA AtaMkavAda aura santa sAdhu kA prasaMga Adi kI avatAraNA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra cAra sargoM aura 488 pRSThoM meM vistIrNa mATI kI yaha kathA viSaya vastu aura varNana zilpa donoM dRSTiyoM se mahAkAvya ke kSetra meM eka navIna udbhAvanA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prakRti apane sampUrNa pariveza ke sAtha sAkAra ho uThI hai / prakRti svayaM zAntisvarUpA hai, ata: kAvya kA mukhya rasa zAnta honA svAbhAvika hai / anya kaviyoM kI taraha mahAkAvyakAra kI cetanA zRMgAra meM nahIM ramatI, usake bhItara karuNA kA eka ajasra jharanA pravAhita hotA rahatA hai / kavi kalpanAe~ to karatA hai para usakI kalpanAe~ romAnI nahIM haiM, vaha svapnadraSTA to hai para svapnila saMsAra kA mAyAjAla nahIM racatA; vaha palAyanavAdI nahIM, pAvanavAdI jIvanadRSTi kA poSaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kavi kI dRSTi rAgI nahIM, vItarAgI banI rahatI hai| kavi yathArthavAdI hai, para yathAsthitivAdI nhiiN| yathArtha ke vyAmoha meM vaha na to apanI AsthAoM se DigatA hai, na AstikatA se virata hotA hai| zraddhA aura vizvAsa usake sambala haiM jisakI pU~jI ke sahAre vaha apanI kAvyamaya vicAra yAtrA taya karatA hai| adbhuta zabda-zilpa kA camatkArI kalA-kauzala 'mUkamATI' kA kavi bhAvAnubhUti ke stara para jitanA praur3ha hai, utanI hI sazakta hai usakI abhivyakti /
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________________ :: 73 mUkamATI-mImAMsA vastuta: anubhUti aura abhivyakti ke samucita paripAka se hI racanA prabhAvI banatI hai / 'krauce' jaba abhivyaMjanA para bala detA hai, to vaha isI kI ora izArA karatA hai aura yahI vaha tattva hai jise bhAratIya kAvyazAstra alaMkAra aura alaMkArya kA abhedatva mAnatA hai / bhASA kI pAlakI meM bhAva Dhulate haiM, kintu pAlakI bhI to baiThane vAle kI haisiyata kA bakhAna karatI hai / chAyAvAdI kavitA, hAlAvAdI kavitA aura rASTrIya bhAvadhArA kI kavitA kA AsvAdana aura antara ha usakI bhASAI zakti sampadA dvArA hI kara pAte haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA kavi vItarAgI, manazcetanA sampanna AdhyAtmika vicAra cintanA se anuprANita hai, to usakI zabdAvalI meM vaisA zubhra vAtAvaraNa nirmANa karane kI tAkata hogI hI / kavi bhASA dIpajyoti kI taraha prakAzavAn, AlokavAn dRSTigocara hogI hI / AcArya vidyAsAgara kA zabda-zilpa nirAlA hai / AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne kabIra ko vANI kA DikTeTara kahA thA aura mAnA thA ki kabIra meM vaha bhASAI sAmarthya hai ki vaha bhASA ko sIdhe nahIM to darerA dekara calA lete haiM / 'mUkamATI' ke kavi meM zabdoM ko apane bhAvoM ke anurUpa DhAlakara, use tor3akara, maror3akara, phor3akara jaisA cAhe, vaisA artha nikAla lene kA buddhi kauzala hai, bhASAI zakti hai / gadhA ko gadahA bhI kahA jAtA hai, jisakA artha eka caupAe jAnavara se liyA jAtA hai, kintu kavi use gada+hA ke rUpa meM vibhakta karatA hai aura 'gada' yAne roga tathA 'hA' yAne hAraka arthAt roga kA hAraka banane kI abhilASA se bhara detA hai : isI taraha : yA athavA " merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho ! / yAnI / 'gada' kA artha hai roga 'hA' 'kA artha hai hAraka/ maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ / " (pR. 40 ) " 'kama balavAle hI / kambalavAle hote haiM / " (pR. 92) "kisalaya ye kisalie / kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiM ? kisa valaya meM se A/ kisa valaya meM krIta jAte haiM / " (pR. 141) "inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' / yAnI - /' na ari' nArI / athavA ye ArI nahIM haiM / sonArI / " (pR. 202 ) ina jaise camatkArika zAbdika khela bhare par3e haiM / kavi ne loka jIvana se apanI bhASA kA zrRMgAra kiyA hai, ata: jana-jIvana meM pracalita kahAvateM, muhAvare, lokoktiyA~ aura sUktiyA~ kAvya meM yatra-tatra bikharI par3I haiN| 'pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM" (pR. 14), 'dAla nahIM galanA' (pR. 134), 'mu~ha meM rAma / bagala meM churI' (pR. 72) ke sAtha 'Amada kama kharcA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA / kUbata kama gussA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA' (pR. 135), 'AdhA bhojana kIjie / duguNA pAnI pIva !" / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI / varSa savA sau jIva !' (pR. 133) jaise loka pracalita jumale bhI pAe jAte haiN| 'bAyeM hiraNa/dAyeM jAya - / laMkA jIta / rAma ghara Aya' (pR. 25) jaisI sugana sUcaka uktiyA~ bhI pAI jAtI haiM / prakRti aura usakA pariveza racanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM hai / ataH prakRti citraNa kI bharamAra hai| sUryodaya kA yaha citra kavi kI komala kalpanA hI nahIM, usakI komalakAnta padAvalI kA bhI dyotaka hai :
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________________ 74 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai/aura sindUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA-/bhAI hai, bhAI... lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI/prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/apane parAga ko-/sarAga mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 1-2) isameM basanta Adi RtuoM ke citraNa to haiM kintu anya kaviyoM kI taraha basanta yahA~ kAma kA sandeza vAhaka banakara nahIM aataa| pratIka cayana kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kA saundarya anupama hai / kavi ne bhale hI paramparAgata pratIkoM kA cayana kiyA ho kintu unheM naI arthavattA pradAna kI hai| rassI ko rasa-sI kahakara yA bAlTI, machalI, ghaTa, gadahA Adi ko nae artha pradAna kara kavi ne ina pratIkoM ko AdhyAtmika arthoM meM DhAlA hai aura sAmAjikatA se bhara diyA hai| saMvedanA ke dharAtala para yaha pratIka apanA savizeSa artha rakhate haiN| kavi kA bimba vidhAna anUThA hai to rUpakoM kI dRSTi se samUcA kAraNa hI eka rUpaka banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai / mATI kI kathA rUpaka kavi ke kAvya kauzala kA adbhuta camatkAra banakara hamAre sammukha AtA hai| isa prakAra kavi apane bhASAI sAmarthya se 'makamATI' ke zabda vinyAsa ko naI arthavattA pradAna karatA hai / yaha usakI prAtibha medhA kA hI camatkAra hai ki zRMgArahIna hone, kavi kI aikAntika prema anubhUtiyoM kI zUnyatA hone tathA darzana kI kaMkarIlI-patharIlI kaThora caTTAnoM kI upasthiti ke bAda bhI kavi sarasa kAvya saritA kA kallola pravAhita kara pAtA hai| upadezAtmaka bojhilatA ke bAda bhI kAvya meM zuSkatA yA nIrasatA nahIM AtI, kathA pravAha banA rahatA hai aura isa pravAha ke prati autsukya kA pAThakIya bhAva bhii| sama-sAmayika jIvana dRSTi _ 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra apane tamAma saiddhAntika AgrahoM ke bAda apanI dRr3ha dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke prati aTUTa AsthAoM ke sAtha apane yuga aura usakI samasyAoM ke prati jAgarUka hai, saMvedanazIla hai| usakI racanA ke mUla meM hai - samyak dRSTi, jisake phalasvarUpa kAvya ke aneka AyAma haiN| jisake eka chora para darzana hai to eka chora para adhyAtma, eka chora para yathArtha hai to eka chora Adarza kA hai, eka chora para kalAtmaka saccAiyA~ haiM to eka para abhivyaMjanA / kavi samyak jJAnI hai, ata: apane yuga caritra ko kaise vismRta kara sakatA hai ? dharma-artha-kAma-mokSa vAlI puruSArtha catuSTaya kI avadhAraNA meM artha aura kAma kI sarvoparitA kavi se chipI nahIM hai / sAdhu hokara bhI use isI saMsAra meM vicaraNa karanA par3atA hai, ata: mATI ke putaloM ke andara calane vAle kriyA-vyApAroM aura (mUka hone para bhI) unakI AkAMkSAoM ko vaha khUba pahacAnatA hai / kAmAturoM ko phaTakArate hue jahA~ kavi "kama-balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiM" (pR. 92) kahatA hai to vahIM tathAkathita samAjavAdI premiyoM kI khabara lete hue bhI kahatA hai : "prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda-samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) samAja meM bar3hate aparAdhoM aura usake kAraNoM kI pahacAna bhI kavi ko hai| isI kAraNa kavi samAja ke logoM ko saceta karate hue kahatA hai : "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 75 aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA / samucita vitaraNa karo / anyathA, dhanahInoM meM / corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiM / " (pR. 467 - 468) kabhI rAmacandra zukla ne ina moTI toMdavAle dhana kuberoM kI khabara lete hue likhA thA : "are moTe Adamiyo ! tuma thor3A-sA dubale ho jAte - apane aMdezoM se hI sahI to jAne kitanI sUkhI ThaThariyoM para mAMsa car3ha jaataa|" isI tarja para AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dhanikoM kI tathAkathita udAratA kA upahAsa karate hue likhate haiM : "are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai, / unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM, / kAkatAlIya- nyAya se kucha mila bhI jAya / vaha milana lavaNa - mizrita hotA hai pala meM pyAsa duganI ho uThatI hai|" (pR. 385) vizva meM bar3hate AtaMkavAda aura usase karAhatI pIr3ita - jUjhatI mAnavatA ko lakSya kara kavi kahatA hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda / zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha / ye A~kheM aba / AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, / ye kAna aba AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate, / yaha jIvana bhI kRta-saMkalpita hai ki usakA rahe yA isakA/yahA~ astitva eka kA rahegA / " (pR. 441) AtaMkavAda ko kavi jar3a se miTA denA cAhatA hai kintu AtaMkavAda kyoM paidA hotA hai, isakA saMketa bhI vaha karatA hai| mATI ke kalaza kI mahattA svarNa kalaza ko sahya nahIM, ataH svarNa kalaza AtaMka kI sRSTi karatA hai / isa udAharaNa dvArA mAnoM kavi mATI se pAvana bhArata aura dhanakubera amerikA Adi rASTroM kI binA kahe tulanA kara detA hai| kA~Te kA krodha aura badale kI kAmanA, rassI ko rasa-sI banane kA upadeza evaM zuSkatA se bacane kA sandeza, aura machalI, bAlTI, kuA~, kaMkara Adi ke udAharaNoM dvArA kavi Aja ke mAnava ke andara panapane vAlI krodha, lobha, moha, mada, matsara, ahaMkAra Adi vikArakArI vRttiyoM para nizAnA sAdhatA hai / isa prakAra kavi apane sAmAjika pariveza ke prati . udAsIna nahIM hotA, use sAmAjika jAgRti ke apane dAyitva kA bodha hai / kavi nArI ke kamanIya rUpa ko saMsAra ke lie bandhana mAnakara jahA~ apanI kavitA meM dArA ko sarpiNI Adi taka kaha detA hai, vahA~ nArI ke garimAmaya udAtta rUpa kA prazaMsaka bhI hai| vaha nArI ke vividha nAmoM kI adbhuta vyAkhyA karatA hai, yathA - kumArI = " 'ku' yAnI pRthivI / 'mA' yAnI lakSmI / aura / 'rI' yAnI denI vAlI / isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki / yaha dharA sampadA sampannA / taba taka rahegI/jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii|" (pR. 204); strI = ""s' yAnI sama - zIla, saMyama / 'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM, dharma, artha kAma- puruSArthoM meM / puruSa ko kuzala - saMyata banAtI hai / so strI kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205); duhitA = " do hita jisameM nihita hoM / vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai / apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai/ patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI/hita sahita hotA hai, jisase / vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) / isI taraha abalA aura sutA Adi ke artha bhI kie gae haiN| paramparAgata pracalita arthoM se bhinna ye artha kavi ke una bhAvoM ke paricAyaka haiM jo nArI ke prati samAja kI parivartita soca ke pramANa haiM / kavi nArI ko mukti ke mArga meM bAdhA, tAr3ana kA adhikArI yA azocyA nahIM mAnatA, usameM mahat tattva kI talAza karatA hai / astu / .. samIkSA kI praNAlI ke anurUpa kAvya meM nihita doSoM ko bhI talAzA jA sakatA hai / lambe-lambe ubAU
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________________ 76 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA upadeza, jinake lie kavi ko svayaM yaha kahanA par3A ki "aba ! prAsaMgika kArya Age bar3hatA hai," thakA dete haiN| saMkhyAoM kA camatkArika khela, zabdoM ko ulaTa-palaTa kara viloma yA viparyaya dvArA nae arthoM kI talAza kahIM zAbdika khilavAr3a ke prati aruci paidA karate haiN| bhASika saMracanA meM vyAkaraNika doSoM kA darzana bhI Alocaka kara sakate haiM, kintu hama pUrva meM nivedana kara cuke haiM ki parimANa kI dRSTi se nahIM, pariNAma kI dRSTi se kRti apanA mUlyAMkana cAhatI hai, jisa kAraNa dUSaNa bhI bhUSaNa bana jAte haiN| kAvya doSa, roSa kA viSaya nahIM apitu santoSa kI bAta bana jAte haiM, kyoMki isake pIche racanAkAra kA mUla svara kyA hai ? hA~, khaTakane vAlI bAta itanI hai ki grantha ke Arambha meM kavi hindU dharma-darzana kI AlocanA isalie karatA hai ki kisI ne jaina darzana ko nAstika darzana kahA hai / apanI bhUmikA meM racanAkAra hindUdarzana kI avatAravAdI bhAvanA aura brahmA ko sraSTA mAnane kA khaNDana karatA hai kintu kavi kI mAnyatA hai ki mATI svayaM kalaza nahIM bana jAtI, usakA Atma-pariSkAra karanA hotA hai, use tapanA hotA hai aura AkAra lenA par3atA hai / yaha sAre kArya anAyAsa nahIM hote, isakA kartA kumbhakAra hotA hai / isI kumbhakAra ko (hindU darzana ke anurUpa) sraSTA, racanAkAra yA brahmA Adi kisI bhI saMjJA se saMjJita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra kumbhakAra kI udbhAvanA dvArA kavi svayaM sRSTikartA ke astitva ko svIkAra kara letA hai| isI taraha apanI racanA meM jagaha-jagaha vaha rAma-rAvaNa, kRSNa Adi paurANika pAtroM, tatsambandhI muhAvaroM, kahAvatoM kA ullekha kara apanI udAratA kA bhI paricaya detA hai / kavi apanI racanA kA svayaM brahmA hotA hai / ata: usakI dRSTi virAT hotI hai, jisameM saMkIrNatA ko koI sthAna nahIM miltaa| 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra korA kavi nahIM hai, apitu tapaHpUta ke rUpa meM usakI khyAti jaga-vikhyAta hai, jinake lie apAra lokazraddhA samarpita hai / AcAryazrI kisI mata yA sampradAya vizeSa ke sAdhu nahIM rahe, aba vaha mAnava mahAsAgara kI eka aisI amUlya nidhi bana gae haiM, jina para sabakA haka hai aura jo sabake priya haiN| ata: kisI mata yA vAda kI nindA dvArA kisI mata kI puSTi samAdaraNIya nahIM kahI jA sakatI / santa kI samatA aura samyak bhAva meM sArA saMsAra samAyA hai, phira kyA apanA - kyA parAyA ? samprati, kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' nAmaka kAvya kRti vairAgya ziromaNi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja kI jJAna-sAdhanA se tapakara nikalA vaha kundana hai, jo jana AkarSaNa kA hI nahIM, jana zraddhA kA kendra bana gayA hai| kavi kI cintanazIlatA, jJAnagarimA, bhAva pravaNatA, apAra karuNA, samyak dRSTi aura apane samaya tathA samAja kI saccAiyoM ke prati yathArtha soca ke sAtha hI saMsAra ke laukika evaM pAramArthika kalyANa kI kAmanA ne isa kRti ko eka mahanIya racanA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara diyA hai| prastuta racanA apanI zakti aura sImA bhara jana-mana kA kalyANa kara samAja kI soca ko eka racanAtmaka naI dizA pradAna karegI tathA janatA meM Adara kA kendra banegI - dvidhA rahita ho, yaha sahaja vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| pRSTha 49 are kaMkaro! mArI se milava to huA - ... mArI nahIM banate tuma
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pahacAna pro. (DaoN.) umA mizra yaha kAvya tapa:pUta santa kavi vidyAsAgara dvArA viracita kAvya hai| isa kAvya ko kavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / kAvya ke ye cAra adhyAya kahe jA sakate haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM : prathama khaNDa - 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha dvitIya khaNDa - 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM tRtIya khaNDa- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana; caturtha khaNDa - 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / pahalA khaNDa mATI kI prAthamika avasthA kA citraNa karatA hai / mATI ko zuddha karane kI prakriyA yahA~ zurU hotI hai| mATI prathamata: saMkarita hotI hai / vaha piNDa rUpa meM kaMkar3oM se milI huI prAthamika dazA kA paricaya detI hai| yahA~ kumbhakAra kI kalpanA kArya karatI hai| mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa dene ke lie kumbhakAra ko use pariSkRta karanA hotA hai aura eka lambI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se use paripakva karanA hotA hai / ina paristhitiyoM kA bar3A hI sundara citraNa racanAkAra ne kiyA hai / kumbhakAra kI kalpanA racanAkAra kI kalpanA hai / saMkaramaya mATI ko racanAtmaka aura sArthaka rUpa dene ke lie santa kavi kI sArthaka dRSTi parilakSita hotI hai / varNalAbha dekara use sArthakatA pradAna karanA aura maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kI prakriyA racanAkAra kI abhivyaMjanAtmaka zailI kA paricaya detI hai / racanAkAra kumbhakAra kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki mATI se kaMkar3oM ko nikAlakara maulika rUpa pradAna kare / zuddha mATI hI zuddha maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa grahaNa kara sakatI hai| kumbhakAra ko mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa dene ke lie athaka parizrama karanA par3atA hai| bemela mATI ko zuddha aura suDaula rUpa denA par3atA hai, tabhI mATI ghaTa kA rUpa prApta kara pAtI hai| racanAkAra ne yaha kahanA cAhA hai ki tuccha mATI ko svaccha rUpa dene ke lie kumbhakAra ko kitanA tapanA hotA hai| agnirUpI tapa meM tapakara yaha paripakva kaMcana rUpa dhAraNa kara pAtA hai| kRtI kI kRti usake racanA kauzala kA hI pariNAma hotI hai / yahI kavi kA uddezya hai| "svayaM zilpI/cAlanI kA cAlaka hai|/vh/apnii dayAvatI A~khoM se nIce utarI/nirI mATI kA/daraza karatA hai/bhAva-sahita ho| zubha hAthoM se/kharI mATI kA/parasa karatA hai/cAva-sahita ho / aura/tana se, mana se/haraSa karatA hai/ghAva-rahita ho |/anaayaas phira vacana-vilAsa hotA hai/usake mukha se, ki/"RjutA kI yaha parama dazA hai/aura/mRdutA kI yaha/carama yazA hai/...dhanya !" mATI kA saMzodhana huA,/mATI ko sambodhana huaa|" (pR. 44-45) mRdu mATI se kumbhakAra kA zilpa nikhara uThatA hai / zilpI kumbhakAra mRdu mATI ko saMzodhita rUpa pradAna kara use mRdutA ke carama utkarSa para pahu~cA detA hai| mATI kI bhavyatA usakI mRdutA hai / kumbhakAra mATI ko jo zAlInatA aura vaibhava detA hai, vahI usakA sRjana hai / mRdu zabdoM meM zilpI kaha uThatA hai : "mRdu mATI se/laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa/nikharatA hai aura/khara-kAThI se/guru jAti se/vaha avilamba/bikharatA hai / " (pR. 45) zilpI ne saMkara doSa kA vAraNa karake kaMkara koSa ko haTA diyA / zilpI ne kaMkaroM ko unakI asthiratA kA bodha
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________________ 78 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kraayaa| mATI svayaM kaMkaroM ko apanI sthiti kA AbhAsa detI hai| mATI kI zAlInatA svayam siddha hai : ... "mATI kI zAlInatA / kucha dezanA detI-sI ! / " mahAsattA - mA~ kI gaveSaNA samIcInA eSaNA / aura / saMkIrNa - sattA kI virecanA / avazya karanI hai tumheM ! artha yaha huA - / laghutA kA tyajana hI / gurutA kA yajana hI zubha kA sRjana hai / / apAra sAgara kA pAra / pA jAtI hai nAva/ho usameM cheda kA abhAva bhara !" (pR. 51) isa khaNDa meM machalI kA prasaMga bhI varNita hai| machalI mATI se alaga hokara kucha prazna karatI hai, jisako usakI mA~ 'mATI' samajhAtI hai / mA~ kahatI hai : " samajhane kA prayAsa karo, beTA ! / sat - yuga ho yA kaliyuga / bAharI nahIM bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha / sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI / sat-yuga hai, beTA ! / aura asat - viSayoM meM DUbI / A-pAda- kaNTha / sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !" (pR. 83) mATI mA~ apanI putrI machalI ko sArI paristhitiyA~ samajhAtI hai aura viSayoM kI laharoM se bacakara rahane kA upadeza detI hai| vaha kahatI hai : "yahI kahanA hai beTA ! / ki / apane jIvana kAla meM / chalI machaliyoM - se chalI nahIM bananA / viSayoM kI laharoM meM / bhUla kara bhI mata calI bananA/aura suno, beTA / mAsUma machalI rahanA, yahI samAdhi kI janI hai|" (pR. 87-88 ) isa khaNDa kA samApana 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' kI dhvani gU~jane ke sAtha hotA hai| isa pUre khaNDa meM racanAkAra ne mATI kI racanA prakriyA se sambandhita sabhI pakSoM kA udghATana kiyA hai| zilpI kumbhakAra mATI ke sAre doSoM kA nivAraNa kara use zAlIna rUpa detA hai| mATI kI zAlInatA meM usake zuddhIkaraNa kI prakriyA Acchanna hai / antarakathA ke rUpa meM kaMkara kI, aura machalI ke prasaMga ko jala ke sAtha varNita karanA kavi kI vizeSa dRSTi hai / isa prakriyA meM kavi ne apane darzana aura cintana ko AdhAra banAyA hai, jisase varNana meM gAmbhIrya aura bhavyatA AI hai / kavi kI antarbhedI dRSTi mATI ko varNalAbha dilAne meM sArthaka pratIta hotI hai| sarAhanIya yaha bAta hai ki cintanaparaka dArzanika dRSTi hote hue bhI kAvya kI sahajatA aura saralatA para koI A~ca nahIM AI hai| mATI ko varNalAbha taka kavi kI dRSTi atyanta spaSTa aura sulajhI huI dikhAI detI hai | bhAvAbhivyaMjanA sarala aura sampreSaNIya hai / pAThaka mATI kI isa yAtrA se eka dRSTi milatI hai aura yaha cetanA hI manuSya kI apanI thAtI hai| I dUsarA khaNDa ' zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' zIrSaka se abhihita hai / isa khaNDa meM spaSTa rUpa se zabda ke bodha ko spaSTa karate hue kavi ne bodha se zodha taka kI yAtrA taya kI hai| mUkamATI kI yAtrA kA agalA caraNa prArambha hotA hai / jala mATI ke sAtha mila kara ke nava prANa pAtA hai| mATI jJAna kA aura pAnI ajJAna kA pratIka hai| mATI cira aura sthiraprajJa hai tathA jala asthira, caMcala, acira / jJAnI mATI se milakara ajJAnI jala ne prANavattA pAI hai| asthira tathA acira ko sthiratA aura ciratA milI hai| yahI usakA nayA kAyAkalpa hai, nUtana parivartana hai / kavi apanI darzana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 79 paraka dRSTi kA paricaya dete hue cetanA ke cirantana nartana kI bAta kahatA hai : "mATI ke prANoM meM jA,/pAnI ne vahA~/nava-prANa pAyA hai, jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai| asthira ko sthiratA milI/acira ko ciratA milI/nava-nUtana parivartana ! tana meM cetana kA/cirantana nartana hai yaha/vaha kauna-sI A~kheM haiM kisa kI, kahA~ haiM jinheM sambhava hai/isa nartana kA darzana yaha ?" (pR. 89-90) isa dUsare khaNDa meM kavi ne aneka caraNoM tathA AyAmoM meM apanA mantavya aMkita kiyA hai| pUre kAvya meM kavi ne prakRti kI chavi kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai / prakRti kA pariveza kisa prakAra vAtAvaraNa ko prabhAvita karatA hai, Rtue~ prakRti meM kyA parivartana lAtI haiM, Adi tathyoM kA citraNa kavi ne bar3e manoyoga se kiyA hai| bIca-bIca meM mATI aura zilpI ke bIca vArtAlApa hotA rahatA hai / isa kathopakathana se kathA kA prasaMga to Age bar3hatA hI hai, sAtha hI kathya aura tathya donoM spaSTa hote haiM tathA pAThaka ko kAvya kI mUla cetanA ko samajhane meM saralatA hotI hai| kavi ne apanI dArzanika aura cintanamaya dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai / mATI kA sambodhana kitanA cintanamaya aura darzanamaya hai : "are suno !/kumbhakAra kA svabhAva-zIla/kahA~ jJAta hai tumheM ? jo apAra aparampAra/kSamA-sAgara ke usa pAra ko/pA cukA hai kSamA kI mUrti/kSamA kA avatAra hai vh|" (pR. 105) ___ isa khaNDa meM zRMgAra, vIra Adi nava rasoM kI vyAkhyA tathA Akalana kiyA gayA hai| zRMgAra aura vIra Adi rasoM kI maulika vyAkhyA bhI milatI hai / mATI kI yAtrA-vyAkhyA meM gaNitIya saMyoga bhI kavi ne kiyA hai, jo maulika avadhAraNA hai| zabdoM kA mArjana-pariSkaraNa isa khaNDa meM adhika dikhAI detA hai / bodha jaba AcaraNa meM utara jAtA hai taba zodha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, isakI bar3I sundara vyAkhyA kavi ne apanI lekhanI se kI hai| isa khaNDa meM tapaHpUta kavi ne tapasyA ke prabhutva ko bhI sthApita kiyA hai| kaMcana tapakara hI kundana bana jAtA hai| binA tapasyA ke pariSkAra sambhava nahIM aura binA pariSkAra tathA mArjana ke sArthakatA prApta nahIM ho sktii| kavi kahatA hai : "binA tapa ke jalatva kA, ajJAna kA,/vilaya ho nahIM sakatA/aura binA tapa ke jalatva kA, varSA kA,/udaya ho nahIM sakatA tapa ke abhAva meM hI/tapatA rahA hai antarmana yaha analpa saMkalpa-vikalpoM se, kalpa-kAloM se|" (pR. 176) analpa saMkalpa-vikalpoM se, kalpa kAloM se, mATI kI kathA aba tIsare caraNa meM pahu~catI hai| kavi ne isa khaNDa kA zIrSaka 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' diyA hai| kavi ne mATI kI isa vikAsa-kathA ko arjana tathA upalabdhi ke dharAtala para citrAMkita kiyA hai| zIrSaka kI spaSTa abhivyakti hai ki puNya ke pAlana se hI pApa kA prakSAlana hotA hai| prakRti kA niyama hai ki mahAsAgara ke jala se megha kA sRjana hotA hai / megha jala muktAoM kA sRjana karatA hai / jala hI muktA aura muktA hI jala hai| inhIM muktAoM kA varSaNa kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM hotA hai / vasudhA ina muktAoM ko pAkara sArthaka ho jAtI hai, lahalahA jAtI hai, zasya-zyAmalA bana jAtI hai / inhIM muktAoM ke prApta karane kA adhikAra usa kumbhakAra ko hai jisane eka lambI sAdhanA aura tapasyA ke bAda saMkara varNa mATI ko zuddha rUpa dekara maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa
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________________ 80 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA diyA hai / jo sAdhanAhIna, tapasyAhIna prabhutva hai, vaha muktAoM ko baTora lenA cAhatA hai / use yaha nahIM mAlUma ki puruSArtha ke binA, tapasyA aura sAdhanA ke binA muktAoM ko prApta karanA adharma hai, pApa hai| jo sAdhanA meM jalatA hai, use jala aura jvalana meM antara anubhava nahIM hotA / vahI isa muktA ko prApta karane kA adhikArI hai| kumbha kI tapasyA svayam bola uThatI hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA,/vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) lokahita sAdhaka zItalatA aura jvAlA meM antara anubhava nahIM karatA hai| nirantara sAdhanA se zeSa, azeSa ho jAtA hai, bheda se abheda ho jAtA hai / sAdhaka kavi kI antarbhedI dRSTi ne isa khaNDa ko adhika utkarSa pradAna kiyA hai / mATI ko nirmala dRSTi aura sudRr3ha AsthA kA AdhAra milA hai| kavi kI AsthA hI racanA ko paripakvatA detI hai| sAdhanA kI agni hI kaMcana mana ko paripakvatA detI hai| paripakva sAdhanA hI loka maMgala karatI hai| loka maMgala hI jIvana kA abhISTa hai| loka maMgala kI ora manuSya ko prerita karanA hI santa kavi kA carama lakSya hai| prakRti kA ciranUtana prasaMga sadaiva kAvya ke sAtha pravAhita hotA hai jisase kavitA meM saundarya bar3ha jAtA hai / isa khaNDa kI bhASA bar3I pariSkRta tathA prAMjala hai aura bhAvAbhivyaMjanA bar3I sazakta hai| isa kAvya kA cauthA aura antima khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka se abhihita hai| isa khaNDa kA kathA-phalaka bahuta vistRta aura vyApaka hai / antara prasaMga bhI adhika haiM / eka lambI yAtrA aura sAdhanA ke bAda isa sopAna para Akara, aparipakva kumbha pakakara maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / jaba taka kumbha paka nahIM jAtA hai taba taka kumbhakAra apanI tapasyA aura sAdhanA meM satata lIna rahatA hai / agni meM praveza dilAkara kumbhakAra use satata jalate rahane denA cAhatA hai / cA~dI-sI rAkha maMgala ghaTa kI zubhratA, zuddhatA aura paripakvatA kI dyotaka hai / kumbhakAra kI kalA aura usakI sAdhanA ghaTa ko maMgalamaya banAtI hai, jisameM jalarUpI muktA bhare jAeMge aura vaha lokahita meM saMsAra kI tRSA ko tRpta karegA / kavi kA yaha kahanA niHsandeha anubhavagamya hai ki apane ko jalAnA hI zuddhatA kA paricAyaka hai / vahI dUsare ke doSoM ko bhI jalA sakatA hai jo jalakara svayam pariSkRta, susaMskRta evaM santa prakRti kA ho gayA ho / agni meM satata jalanA, tapanA hI kumbha kA jIvana dharma hai / kumbhakAra svayam apane kauzala se, apanI tapasyA se kumbha ko kaMcana rUpa dekara usake svAgata ke lie taiyAra hotA hai / kRti aura kRtI donoM dhanya ho jAte haiN| kumbhakAra sollAsa cA~dI-sI rAkha ko phAvar3e se haTAkara tape hue kumbha ko bAhara nikAlatA hai| kumbhakAra ne ise maMgala rUpa dene ke lie kitanI kaThina sAdhanA kI hai / Aja kumbhakAra kI sAdhanA kA hI suphala hai ki mUkamATI mukhara tathA prANavAn ho gaI hai / vaha maMgala gAna karatI hai| Ananda aura maMgala kI saMracanA hI mATI kA antima lakSya hai aura kavi jIvana kA bhii| kitane sopAnoM ko pAra kara mATI ne Aja kaMcanamaya kharA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hai| mUkamATI ko zabdAyamAna karane kA jo athaka prayAsa santa kavi kI racanA-tapasyA ne kiyA hai, vaha nitAnta stutya hai| __ antata: maMgala ghaTa kA nirmANa eka hita hai / dUsarA hita, jo apane carmotkarSa para hai, vaha hai pyAsa kI tRSA ko bujhA denA / mATI kI zuddhatA kI sAkSI to agni hI hai| agni sRjanazIla hai| vaha doSoM kA parihAra karatI hai| kumbhakAra kI zreSThatA isI meM siddha hotI hai ki vaha itanI bar3I racanA karake bhI itanA bar3A sraSTA hokara bhI vinamratA kI mudrA meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 81 kaha uThatA hai: "yaha saba/RSi-santoM kI kRpA hai,/unakI hI sevA meM rata, eka jaghanya sevaka hU~ mAtra,/aura kucha nhiiN|" (pR. 484) kavi mokSa kI paribhASA detA huA kahatA hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise/prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai/tuma hI batAo!" (pR. 486-487) kavi kumbhakAra ne mATI ko to banAyA hI hai, sAtha hI vahI mATI hemamayI ho gaI hai| hema AbhA se usakA mukhamaNDala pradIpta ho uThA hai / maMgala ghaTa meM bhare jala se Aja guru kA pAda-prakSAlana ho sakegA, zramaNa sAdhanA kA caramotkarSa upasthita ho sakegA aura paramAnanda, akSaya sukha kA vizvAsa jAgegA / manuSya kI bhavyatA, mUlyadRSTi isI meM hai ki vaha bhole-bhAle, bhUle-bhaTake, vinIta bhAva se bhare hue, sahaja-sarala tathA akiMcana kI sahAyatA kare / use hita-mita-miSTa vacanoM se AplAvita kara de / sAdhanA kI sArthakatA vahI hai jise jIvana meM utArA jA sake tathA apanAyA jA sake aura jIvana meM Azvasta banA jA sake / rAga meM virAga hai aura virAga meM rAga / santa ina donoM se Upara uThatA hai / na usameM rAga hotA hai aura na hI virAga / vaha to RSi hai, guNAtIta hai, ArSa paramparA kA pratIka hai| usakA prasAda ArAdhaka ko bar3I sAdhanA ke bAda milatA hai / mudita mukha guru kA prasAda hI abhaya kA hAtha hai jo bhAvoM se bharA huA hai, zAzvata sukha kA dAtA hai / abhaya kA hAtha uTha jAne para sAdhaka kA parama kalyANa hotA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA racita yaha 'mUkamATI' kAvya hindI sAhitya kI hI nahIM apitu bhAratIya sAhitya kI anupama upalabdhi hai / hameM AzA hai ki kAvya ke AdhyAtmika cintana aura darzana kI paricarcA jahA~ hogI hai vahA~ isakA sandarbha avazya diyA jaaegaa| AdhyAtmika antazcetanA ko mATI meM sAna kara yazasvI santa kavi ne mAnava samAja tathA sudhI pAThakoM ke lie maMgalamaya ghaTa kA nirmANa kiyA hai| apane kavi jIvana ke anubhavoM ke rasa se siMcita kara kavi ne kAvya ko bhavyatA aura saralatA pradAna kI hai| kavi kA yaha sandeza hai ki manuSya apanI AtmA kA uddhAra apane puruSArtha se hI kara sakatA hai aura use avinazvara sukha prApta ho sakatA hai| kavi kI lekhinI ne 'mUkamATI' ko abAdhita jaladhArA kA rUpa diyA hai| kavitA dhArApravAha abAdhita saritA ke rUpa meM pravahamAn hai / 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne saralatA, AdhyAtmikatA, darzana evaM cintana tathA preraNAdAyaka anubhavagamya srotoM se kAvya ko kalpavRkSa ke samAna jIvanta aura prANavAn banA diyA hai| yadi ise mAnava jIvana kA kalpavRkSa kahA jAe to atizayokti nahIM hogii| yaha racanA kavi kI paripakvatA kA dyotaka hai tathA mahAkAvyocita audAtya ko dhAraNa karane vAlA eka abhinaya yaza-kAvya hai / tapa:pUta santa kavi kI kAvya pratibhA se sampanna evaM prazasta zailI kA kAvya sampUrNa mAnava samAja kA hita sAdhaka hai| isa kAvya kI saphalatA yaha hai ki racanAkAra ne apanI sAdhanA se, karmaThatA aura AtmavizvAsa se tuccha mATI ko bhI hemamaya kumbha banA diyA hai / yaha nanhIM kAyA mUlata: mUkamATI hI hai / racanAkAra ise sundara pakva ghaTa kA rUpa dekara hameM preraNA detA hai ki jIvana ghaTa ko tapasyA kI agni meM pakAe~ aura bhavya maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa deN| manuSya apanI sAdhanA se saMracanAkAra sAdhanA ke mAdhyama rUpa guru ko prasanna kare aura usakA avinazvara prasAda grahaNa kare / kavi-karma, darzana aura adhyAtma kI triveNI isa kAvya meM pravAhita ho rahI hai| isa kAvya saritA kI triveNI ne ise pavitra saMgama tIrtharAja kA rUpa diyA hai,
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________________ 82 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jisameM avagAhana kara mana, hRdaya aura buddhi nirmala ho jAtI hai / sundara bhAvAbhivyaMjanA, sarasa kAvya zailI aura sarala bhASA meM nibaddha kara yaha anUThI racanA prastuta kI gaI hai / darzana kA sudhArasa pilA dene ke kAraNa isa kAvya meM puSTatA, paripakvatA aura sauSThava kA guNa AyA hai| isase kAvya meM gurutA bhI AI hai| kavi apane bhAvoM ko citravat akhaNDa rUpa meM vyakta karane meM samartha hai / AsthA, AzA aura vizvAsa ke svara yatra-tatra-sarvatra kRti meM gUMja rahe haiN| mATI jaisI akiMcana parantu mUlyavAn vastu ko itane sundara aura bhavya rUpa meM prastuta kara denA, aura usakI chipI huI mUka vedanA ko pahacAnakara mukharita kara denA evaM sAkAra rUpa pradAna kara denA, racanAkAra kI abhUtapUrva saphalatA hai / mUkamATI ko eka maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM parivartana kara denA kumbhakAra-racanAkAra kI saphala sAdhanA hai / yaha anavarata, athaka parizrama kA hI suphala hai| Aja ke sandarbha meM bhI yaha kAvya adhika mUlyavAn, jIvanta aura prANavAn siddha hotA hai / mUkamATI ke samAna vizva meM na jAne kitane loga nirIha, pada dalita aura vyathita haiN| unakI mUka vedanA ko pahacAnakara use prANavAn banA denA bahuta kaThina hai / sabhI meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM mUkamATI kI-sI vedanA antarnihita hai aura guru kA prasAda grahaNa kara mukti kI AkAMkSA sabhI karate haiN| mUkamATI kI vedanA aura use kaMcana rUpa dene kI cetanA vizva bhAvanA se ota-prota aura parivyApta hai / jIvana ke unnayana, Atma zuddhi aura darzana lAbha meM isakI pariNati huI hai| racanAtmaka aura dArzanika dRSTi se vizva ko pahacAnane kI zakti aura antardRSTi santa-kavi meM dikhAI detI hai / kavi svayaM zilpI, kumbhakAra evaM racanAkAra hai jisane mAnava jIvana kI dhruva sattA ko pahacAnA hai / racanAkAra kI sAdhanA kI carama upalabdhi yaha hai : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM,/maMjila para !/aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa... aura mAhaula ko/animeSa nihAratI-sI/ ''muuk-maattii|" (pR. 488) yaha kAvya mAnava jIvana kA adhyAtma cintanaparaka kAvya hai / mahAkAvyocita audAtya hone ke kAraNa ise svacchanda evaM svatantra dRSTi se mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM kA yaha vizAlakAya kAvya mAnava jIvana ko preraNA dene vAlA anupama kAvya hai / mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya pratimAnoM ke AdhAra para, bhale hI yaha mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM na svIkArya ho, parantu udAttatA, garimA, antardRSTi aura anubhava kI gaharAI ko dekhate hue ise mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / yaha kAvya mAnava jIvana kA anamola ratna hai / yaha mahAkAvya mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pahacAna karAtA hai tathA yaha kAvya mAnava jIvana ko maMgala rUpa bhI pradAna karatA hai, ataeva niHsandeha yaha mahAracanAkAra kI zreSThatama racanA hai| pRSTha 427 dugdha kA vikAsa hotA hai...aMtima kucha krtaa|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM varNita nArI viSayaka avadhAraNA : nArI eka rUpa aneka DaoN. saroja guptA "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA / zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/muphta milatI rahatI inase / yahI kAraNa hai ki/inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' / " (pR. 202 ) - kavi vareNya AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne nArI ko prAcIna mUlyoM evaM uttama AdarzoM ke anurUpa navIna dRSTikoNa se mahimAmaNDita kiyA hai | vaha sRSTi kI utpAdikA, pratipAlikA, karuNAmayI, satata mitra svarUpA evaM samasta sukha rAziyoM kA udgama hai / 'na ari' ke rUpa meM vaha zatru, nahIM varan mitra hai| nArI meM sahanazakti aura dhairya ke atirikta zraddhA " jo aba yAnI / 'avagama' jJAnajyoti lAtI hai, timira - tAmasatA miTAkara / jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai abalA kahalAtI hai vaha !" (pR. 203 ) guNa bhI vizeSa rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| zrI jayazaMkara prasAdajI ne to nArI ko sAkSAt zraddhA kahA hai - "nArI tuma kevala zraddhA ho"| kavivara maithilIzaraNa gupta ne bhI nArI ko "eka nahIM do-do mAtrAyeM, nara se bhArI nArI" kahakara ko pramukhatA dI hai| pro. zIlacandra jaina ke zabdoM meM : "nArI eka zakti hai / vaha puruSa kI preraNA aura sahacarI hai| usameM sAgara jaisI gambhIratA, AkAza jaisI vizAlatA aura pRthvI jaisI kSamAzIlatA samAviSTa hai / " nArI ke mukhya svarUpoM meM strI, mahilA, duhitA, kanyA yA kumArI, jAyA, jananI, abalA, sutA, aMganA evaM prakRti Adi haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM nArI ke paryAya zabdoM kI arthAnveSaNa dRSTi se vizada vyAkhyA kI hai / AcAryazrI pada-pada para padadalita paramparA se abalA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita nArI ko nayA artha, nayA bhAva, nayA bodha dete hue 'abalA' zabda ko nae DhaMga se paribhASita karate haiM : -- rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta ne "abalA jIvana hAya ! tumhArI yahI kahAnI, A~cala meM hai dUdha aura A~khoM meM pAnI" 'kahakara jahA~ 'A~cala ke dUdha' dvArA nArI hRdaya kI udAratA, dAna, tyAga evaM mamatva ko udghATita kiyA hai, vahIM 'A~khoM meM pAnI' dvArA viyoga- vedanA ko prakaTa kiyA hai / bhArata meM abalA para paratantratA kA bandhana thA / vaha pUrNarUpeNa parAdhIna rahI / vivAhitA kI dhana sampatti para pati kA adhikAra ho gayA thA / nArI kI isa sthiti kA varNana AcAryazrI ke zabdoM meM : " strI - jAti kI kaI vizeSatAe~ haiM, / jo Adarza rUpa haiM puruSa ke sammukha / pratipala paratantra ho kara bhI / pApa kI pAlar3I bhArI nahIM par3atI / pala-bhara bhI ! inameM, pApa-bhIrutA palatI rahatI hai/ anyathA, striyoM kA nAma 'bhIru' kyoM par3A ?" (pR. 201 ) nArI ko usakI zArIrika, mAnasika tathA sukomala saMracanA ke kAraNa kevala ine-gine adhikAra hI die gae the| bacapana meM use pitA, yauvanAvasthA meM pati tathA praur3hAvasthA meM putra kA saMrakSaNa prApta thA / isIlie use 'bhIru' nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA / parantu AcAryazrI ko nArI kA 'abalA' vAlA kamajora rUpa mAnya nahIM hai| vaha kahate haiM :
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________________ 84 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "...jo/puruSa-citta kI vRtti ko/vigata kI dazAoM/aura anAgata kI AzAoM se/pUrI taraha haTAkara/ 'aba' yAnI Agata - vartamAna meM lAtI hai/ 'abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha..! balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai/na balA' 'so abalA samasyA-zUnya-samAdhAna !/abalA ke abhAva meM sabala puruSa bhI nirbala banatA hai/samasta saMsAra hI,/phira, samasyA-samUha siddha hotA hai,/isalie striyoM kA yaha 'abalA' nAma sArthaka hai|" (pR. 203) AcAryazrI ne nArI ko jJAna-jyoti pradIpta karane vAlI, timirAcchAdana haTAkara jIvana ko udAtta banAne vAlI, puruSa citta kI vRttiyoM ko sanmArga para lAne vAlI tathA nArI ko samasyA zUnya samAdhAna ke rUpa meM prastuta karake 'abalA' nAma ko sArthakatA pradAna kI hai| prema aura pAtivratya ke jvalanta AdarzoM kI rakSA karane vAlI nArI meM pati ke lie tyAga aura tapasyA se pUrNa maMgala-kAmanA hI utpanna hotI hai| yahI usakA tapa, yahI usake hRdaya kI pAvana nidhi hai tathA yahI usake zIla evaM sAttvikatA kI zakti hai / AcAryazrI ke zabdoM meM : "dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM se/gRhastha jIvana zobhA pAtA hai / ina puruSArthoM ke samaya/prAya: puruSa hI/pApa kA pAtra hotA hai, vaha pApa, puNya meM parivartita ho/isI hetu striyA~/prayala-zIlA rahatI haiM sadA / puruSa kI vAsanA saMyata ho,/aura/puruSa kI upAsanA saMgata ho, yAnI kAma puruSArtha nirdoSa ho,/basa, isI prayojanavaza vaha garbha dhAraNa karatI hai |/sNgrh-vRtti aura apavyaya-roga se puruSa ko bacAtI hai sadA,/arjita-artha kA samucita vitaraNa karake / dAna-pUjA-sevA Adika/sat-karmoM ko, gRhastha dharmoM ko/sahayoga de, puruSa se karA kara/dharma-paramparA kI rakSA karatI hai / " (pR. 204-205) vAstava meM nArI zIla, saMyama evaM saundarya kI samanvita mUrti hai / zeksapiyara ke zabdoM meM : "nArI apane saundarya ke kAraNa rUpagarvitA hotI hai, zIla ke hetu atyanta AkarSaNa kA pAtra banatI hai evaM apanI saumyatA se alaukika dikhalAI detI hai|'' zIla, saMyama evaM bhavyatA-ye guNa nArI ke rakSaka devatA haiN| AcAryazrI ke zabdoM meM : " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala saMyata banAtI hai so 'strI' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) 'strI' zabda 'stai' dhAtu se banA hai / zIla, saMyama evaM lajjAzIla hone ke kAraNa use strI kahA gayA hai| bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kI pratIka nArI tyAga evaM tapasyA kA paMjIbhUta svarUpa hai / nArI ke mukhya svarUpa haiM, kanyA - jise kumArI, sutA evaM duhitA bhI kahate haiM, jAyA- patnI evaM jananI- mA~ / kaumArya kAla meM kanyA rUpa zakti nArI jIvana kI sAdhanA ke rUpa meM aMkurita hokara pallavita hotI hai| vahI zakti bhAryA - jAyA - patnI ke rUpa meM vikasita hokara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 85 phala pradAna karatI hai evaM mAtRtva ke rUpa meM vahI zakti Ananda vitaraNa ke sevApUrNa vimala stara taka pahu~catI hai| AcAryazrI 'kumArI' zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karate haiM : 'ku' yAnI pRthivI / 'mA' yAnI lakSmI / aura / 'rI' yAnI dene vAlI.. isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki / yaha dharA sampadA -sampannA taba taka rahegI/ jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rahegI / " (pR. 204 ) 46 AcAryazrI ne 'kumArI' ko lakSmI ke samatulya mAnA hai| maharSi garga kahate haiM : " yad gRhe ramate nArI lakSmIstad gRhavAsinI / " lakSmI viSNu bhagavAn kI patnI tathA zrI - sampanna haiM / vaha rAjakIya zakti, aizvarya, dhana-sampadA aura kalyANa kA pratIka hai, isalie yaha Aja bhI Adarza bhAratIya nArI kA guNa mAnA jAtA hai| 'sutA' zabda AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM : 66 'sutA' zabda svayaM sunA rahA hai : / 'su' yAnI suhAvanI acchAiyA~ aura / 'tA' pratyaya vaha / bhAva- -dharma, sAra ke artha meM hotA hai / yAnI, sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota so - / 'sutA' kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205 ) vaidika bhArata meM brahmavAdinI striyA~ vaidika RcAoM kI racanA karatI thiiN| dhana kI adhiSThAtrI devI lakSmI, vijayinI durgA evaM jJAna pradAna karane vAlI sarasvatI kI taraha aditi, uSA, ir3A, indrANI Adi nAriyA~ aneka gUr3ha tattvoM kI adhiSThAtrI deviyA~ thiiN| 'duhitA' ko AcAryazrI ne do hita yA sabakA hita sampAdita karane vAlI kartavya patha para agrasara nArI ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai : "do hita jisameM nihita hoM / vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai, / patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI hita sahita hotA hai, jisase / vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai / ubhaya-kula-maMgala- vardhinI, / ubhaya- loka - sukha - sarjinI sva-para-hita sampAdikA / kahIM rahakara kisI taraha bhI hita kA dohana karatI rahatI / so / duhitA kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205 - 206 ) gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karate hI nArI kI kaI bhUmikAe~ svataH hI prasphuTita ho jAtI haiN| vaha mAtR pakSa evaM pitR pakSa donoM kuloM kA maMgala vidhAna karane vAlI, donoM lokoM (ihaloka - paraloka) ke sukhoM kI sarjinI bana jAtI hai / pati ke lie pAvana prema jahA~ use devI banAtA hai, vahIM santAna ke lie vAtsalya use jagadambA ke siMhAsana para abhiSikta karatA hai| nArI kA vAstavika rUpa mA~ kA hai| AcAryazrI samAja meM pArivArika AdarzoM ko prasthApita karanA cAhate haiM / Apane pArivArika sneha sambandhoM meM mAtRtva ko pramukhatA dI hai, kyoMki yahI nArI kA sabase gauravapUrNa aura AkarSaka rUpa hai| AcAryazrI ke zabdoM meM : "hameM samajhanA hai / 'mAtR' zabda kA mahattva bhI / / pramANa kA artha hotA hai jJAna prameya yAnI jJeya / aura / pramAtR ko jJAtA kahate haiM santa / / jAnane kI zakti vaha mAtR-tattva ke sivA/ anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotI /
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________________ 86 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yahI kAraNa hai, ki yahA~/koI pitA-pitAmaha, puruSa nahIM hai jo saba kI AdhAra-zilA ho,/saba kI jananI/mAtra mAtRtattva hai| ...isIlie isa jIvana meM/mAtA kA mAna-sammAna ho, usI kA jaya-gAna ho sadA,/dhanya!" (pR. 206) ___ yahA~ AcAryazrI ne mAtR zakti ke udAtta Adarza ko prastuta kiyA hai| bhArata meM jananI aura janmabhUmi ko svarga se bhI bar3A samajhA gayA hai : "jananI janmabhUmizca svargAdapi garIyasI'' / pRthvI kI samasta zaktiyoM ke vikAsa ke lie nArI, patnI va mAtA ke rUpa meM anta:preraNA dene vAlI hai / nArI kA eka nAma mahilA bhI hai| mahilA zabda kI vyutpatti maha+ilaca+A= mahilA batAI gaI hai / maha kA artha pUjA hai / pUjya hone ke kAraNa strI kA nAma 'mahilA' pdd'aa| AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai, 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha |/jo nirAdhAra huA, nirAlamba,/AdhAra kA bhUkhA jIvana ke prati udAsIna - hatotsAhI huA/usa puruSa meM../mahI yAnI dharatI ghRti-dhAriNI jananI ke prati/apUrva AsthA jagAtI hai| aura puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai/sahI-sahI gantavya kA mahilA kahalAtI vaha !" (pR. 202) yahI nahIM nArI pati kI mArgadarzikA hai| pati ke lie pAvana prema hI use devI banAtA hai| sukhI dAmpatya jIvana ke lie jarUrI hai ki pati-patnI jIvana ke sukha-duHkha eka sAtha jheleM / pati-patnI kA prema maryAdA evaM Adarza para AdhArita hotA hai / sRSTi ke pramukha do tattva haiM-puruSa aura prakRti / puruSa sRSTi kA mukhya tattva hai, jisake saMyoga se prakRti vizva kI sRSTi karatI hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke zabdoM meM : "puruSa aura prakRti/ina donoM ke khela kA nAma hI saMsAra hai, yaha kahanA,/mUr3hatA hai, moha kI mahimA mAtra ! khela khelane vAlA to puruSa hai/aura/prakRti khilaunA mAtra ! svayaM ko khilaunA banAnA/koI khela nahIM hai, vizeSa khilAr3I kI bAta hai yaha !/...'prakRti kA prema pAye binA, puruSa kA puruSArtha phalatA nhiiN|" (pR. 394-395) puruSa aura prakRti sanAtana haiN| unake yoga se hI sRSTi cala rahI hai| prakRti sRSTikartI hai / vaha jananI hai / nArI kI mahimA ke gAyaka santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI bhArata kI naitika evaM Arthika pragati meM nArI kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA mAnate haiN| vaha nArI ko bhAratIya saMskRti ke baliSTha, pavitra evaM dRr3ha siddhAntoM se sajjita evaM nimna va dUSita pravRttiyoM se anAyAsa mukta, sItA va sAvitrI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita dekhanA cAhate haiN| AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM jisa nArI viSayaka avadhAraNA ko navIna dRSTi pradAna kI hai, vaha Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM prAsaMgika hai va stutya hai|
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________________ mRttikopaniSad hai 'mUkamATI' Ananda ballabha zarmA 'saroja' 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya eka aise tapaH pUta sAdhaka kI utkRSTa udbhAvanA aura zuci-zuddha-sarjanA hai, jisane darzana tathA adhyAtma kI jaTilatama granthiyoM ko atyanta sahaja-sarala rUpa meM adhyetAoM ke sammukha eka-eka kara khola ke rakha diyA hai| kSiti, jala, pAvaka, gagana aura samIra - ina paMca mahAbhUtoM ke anupama vizleSaNa se vihita isa guru- gambhIra grantha meM prathama gaNanIya, sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa 'kSiti-tattva' ko pradhAnatA pradAna kara, usI kI AdhArabhitti para paramArtha 1 puNya prAsAda nirmita kiyA gayA hai| 'mAtA pRthvI, putro'haM pRthivyA: ' kI pavitra parikalpanA ke anusAra dharatI ko hama mA~ kI mAnyatA pradAna karate rahe haiM / kavi kI kalA kuzala lekhanI ne 'mATI' ko isa mA~ kI pada- dalita putrI ke rUpa meM avatarita kara kathA sUtra ko avikala vistAra diyA hai| isase pahale hameM 'zrImad bhAgavata mahApurANa' meM bhI mATI ke mahimAmaNDita svarUpa kA manamohaka kathAnaka prApta hotA hai, jahA~ bhAgavatakAra ne yugAvatAra bAla kRSNa ke zrImukha meM mATI kA sanniveza karAkara usI ke misa mAtA yazodA ko akhila brahmANDa ke vairATya aura jagat niyantA zyAmasundara ke sahaja-samartha svarUpa kA bodha karAyA hai| darzana aura adhyAtma ke samanvaya kA adbhuta kathAnaka hai vaha / kintu usase bhI vicitra aura camatkArika dRSTi hai jaina darzanAcArya, 'mUkamATI' ke praNayanakarttA, tejasvI santa zrIyuta vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kI / mImAMsA ke kSaNoM meM bhArata kA pratyeka darzana ghaTa-paTa ke tAne-bAne meM siddhi ke sUtroM ko bunatA - jor3atA rahA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM bhI jahA~ mATI hai, vahIM kumbha bhI hai, kumbhakAra bhI / kintu saba kucha eka nae veza, nae pariveza meM, jIva jagat kI vizada vyAkhyA ko sameTe hue, naI-naI prasthApanAoM ke sAtha / ataH merA to yahI abhimata hai ki 'mUkamATI' kevala eka zreSThatama sAhityika kRti hI nahIM apitu upaniSadoM kI zrRMkhalA meM yaha eka aura nayA upaniSad hai-- 'mRttikopaniSad' / " vidvAn kAvyakAra ne eka sthAna para darzana aura adhyAtma kI tulanA karate hue adhyAtma ko darzana se kahIM adhika zreSTha nirUpita kiyA hai (pR. 288-289) / isa dRSTi se prazna uThatA hai ki kyA 'mUkamATI' ko kevala vizuddha AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya hI mAnA jAe ? aisA to tabhI mAnA jA sakatA thA jaba grantha ke sarvAMgINa cintana, manana, adhyayana aura Alor3ana - vilor3ana ke bIca darzana bAra-bAra umar3a-ubhara kara sAmane na AtA rahatA ho / kintu yahA~ to tattva vivecana ke krama meM kAyA - mAyA, rajju-kUpa, dhyAna-dhAraNA, samAdhi - prANAyAma jaise dArzanika upAdAna (pR. 59,279,286) ina se sampRkta (bhU, bhuvaH svaH, maha, janaH, tapa kI ) UrdhvagAmI avadhAraNA, kahIM aNu aura manu tathA kahIM jJAnavijJAna kA vaiduSyamaya vivecana (pR. 249); rUpa, rasa, sparza aura gandha jaise paMca guNoM kI aindrika vyAkhyA (pR. 328,330); bIjAkSaroM kI parikalpanA (pR. 397); agni parIkSA prakaraNa (pR. 374); AsthA, svapna tathA 'utpAda - vyaya- -dhauvyasUtra' tathA pArizeSya nyAya Adi kI carcA - sabhI kucha to vidyamAna hai / sarvopari santa ziromaNi racanAkAra kI yaha mAnyatA ki- kArya-kAraNa hetu se Izvara sRSTikarttA kI koTi meM nahIM AtA ise dArzanika paramparA kI kRti siddha karane hetu paryApta hai / punazca grantha meM 'mAnasa - taraMga' ke vidvAn lekhaka kA yaha kathana bhI draSTavya hai : "brahmA ko sRSTikarttA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai (uddharaNa - 'tejobindUpaniSad' se) / ... aise darzana kA hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai|" cU~ki siddhAnta nirUpaNa mUlataH viSaya hai ata: 'pratyakSe kiM pramANam' ke anusAra yaha kRti darzana pradhAna hai, isameM saMzaya nahIM / astu, uparyukta mAnyatA yA prasthApanA ke prati jijJAsujanoM aura sudhI adhyetAoM ke sahamati athavA asahamati ke adhikAroM ko surakSita rakhate hue bhI itanA to mAnanA hI par3egA ki 'mUkamATI' nava-navonmeSiNI tAttvika vivecanA se paripUrNa eka aisI viziSTa kRti hai jo dArzanika abhivyaMjanA ke kSetra meM eka kIrtimAn sthApita karatI huI upaniSadoM kI koTi meM AsIna hone kI -
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________________ 88 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kSamatA se sampanna hai / isIlie ise isake guNa-dharmAnurUpa 'mRttikopaniSad' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai / sAhityika dRSTi se to 'mUkamATI' sArasvata bhAva sindhu ke madhya ubhare eka aise manorama dvIpa ke samAna hai jisa ke caturdik akSara-akSara kI tarala taraMgeM haiM, bhavya - bhAvanAoM kA kala-kala nAda hai aura yadA-kadA zabdoM kA pAristhitika garjana-tarjana bhI / isa prakAra cintana kI laharAtI - gaharAtI zveta-zyAma jaladhArAoM se samanvita kintu svabhAvata: maryAdita mahAsAgara kI maMjula mekhalA se AveSTita yaha, jala dhArA ke bIca bhI hai aura jala se Upara bhI / pArAvAra ke madhya apAra zAnti ke pratIka dvIpa sadRza 'mUkamATI' ke sraSTA kA vicAra hai : " zAnti kA zvAsa letA/ sArthaka jIvana hI / sraSTA hai zAzvata sAhitya kA " aura "sahita kA bhAva hI / sAhitya bAnA hai /... jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho/ sahI sAhitya vahI hai" (pR.111) / mahAkavi gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI ne bhI yahI kahA : "kIrati bhaniti bhUta bhala soI, surasari sama saba kara hita hoI / " isa dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' bhI vaha 'jJAna gaMgA' hai jisameM avagAhana kara hara jijJAsu eka navajIvanadAyinI zakti prApta kara Antarika sukha-zAnti ke patha para nirantara agrasara ho sakatA hai| apane bhAva pakSa aura kalA pakSa kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kRti advitIya hai / isakA praNetA samRddha zabda zilpI hai / zabdoM kA jAdUgara hai vaha, jisake saMketa mAtra para hara zabda eka nizcita yati-gati aura laya-tAla para thirakatA-sA pratIta hotA hai / usane zabda saMsAra meM 'eko'haM bahusyAma' ko pratiphalita kara dikhAyA hai| eka-eka zabda ko caMcala zizuvat kabhI isa karavaTa, kabhI usa karavaTa liTA-sulA kara khUba 'halarAyA, dularAyA, malhAyA' hai- 'jasodA haripAlane jhulAvai' kI bhA~ti, jisase huI hai nAda - saundarya kI sRSTi (pR. 306), zabda maitrI kA udaya, artha parivartana kA camatkAra (draSTavya-pR.38,56,87 tathA 92,123, 141 evaM anyatra bhI ) / chandazAstrIya dRSTi se kAvya meM jahA~ zabda zaktiyoM (abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA) kI cAru carcA hai (pR. 110), vahIM rasa - vivecana (pR. 130 - 160) evaM alaMkAra nirUpaNa tathA Rtu varNana ke atirikta 'aruNa aravinda bandhu' jaisI dRSTakUTa zabdAvalI bhI hai / santa kavi kI gahana anveSiNI athaca sUkSma dRSTi kA vistAra macchara se lekara 'sTAra vAra' yAnI sUkSma se lekara virAT taka hai / upamA to eka se eka anUThI haiM, yathA "kAThiyAvAr3a ke yuvA ghor3oM kI pU~cha-sI / Upara kI ora uThI / mAnAtireka se tanI / jinakI kAlI-kAlI mU~cheM haiM" (pR. 428) yA ' ... karuNA... ./namakIna A~suoM kA/svAda hai vaha" (pR. 155) Adi / sUktiyoM aura kahAvatoM ne to kAvya ko anubhavAnubhUti ke dharAtala para apUrva garimA pradAna kI hai| "dayAvisuddho dhammo " (pR. 88) aura "bAyeM hiraNa / dAyeM jAya - / laMkA jIta / rAma ghara Aya" (pR. 25) yA "AdhA bhojana kIjie / duguNA pAnI pIva |/tigunnaa zrama cauguNI ha~sI / varSa savA sau jIva" (pR. 133) jaisI jIvanopayogI sUktiyA~ 'sarve bhavantu sukhina: ' kA sandeza detI-sI racanAkAra kI loka maMgalakAriNI pravRtti ko paripuSTa karatI haiM (draSTavya-pR. 135, 399) / 'dUdha meM chauMka lagAnA' (pR. 358) jaisI ukti kA abhinava prayoga kavi ke kalA kauzala ko nae rUpa meM udghATita karatA hai| " atukAnta hone para bhI prastuta kAvya-kRti kisI bhI dRSTi se kahIM bhI unnIsa nahIM ThaharAI jA sakatI kintu jaise hI hamArI dRSTi " aisI ha~satI dhavalima ha~siyA~ / manahara hIraka maulika-maNiyA~ " (pR. 236) tathA " nayI kalA le harI lasI hai/ nayI sampadA varIyasI hai" (pR. 264) aura "santoM kI, guNavantoM kI / saumya - zAnta - chavivantoM kI/jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho !" (pR. 315), sarvopari- "zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake, / tAraNa taraNa jahAja, /bhavadadhi taTa taka le calo / karuNAkara gururAja !" (pR.325) jaisI cittAkarSaka paMktiyoM para jA TikatI hai to mana barabasa kaha uThatA hai ki kAza ! yahI racanA kahIM chandobaddha rUpa meM prakaTa huI hotI to kyA kahanA ! taba yaha bahatI gaMgA se bhI bar3hakara candramauli ke jaTAjUTa meM zobhita gaMgA ke samAna adbhuta AbhA se maNDita hotI / phira bhI, gaMgA kisI bhI rUpa meM kyoM na ho, vaha taraNa tAriNI to hai hI, jana-mana maMgalakAriNI bhI / hA~, usake nirmala pravAha meM camacamAte rajakaNoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 89 ke bIca kabhI kahIM koI choTA-moTA kaMkar3a bhI dikhAI de sakatA hai / 'prabhu pharmAte haiM" (pR. 150) jaise prayoga ko isI rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAnA cAhie / yoM aise prayoga se kisI prakAra ke dUSaNa kI koI AzaMkA nahIM / ulTe ise zizu ke bhAla para mA~ kA lagAyA diThaunA mAnanA ucita hogA / 1 'mUkamATI' ke zilpI ne jahA~ zilpa ko 'analpa zrama, dRr3ha saMkalpa (aura) sat-sAdhanA saMskAra kA phala' nirUpita karate hue saMgIta ke sapta svaroM se 'nIrAga niyati kA udghATana' aura mRdaMga kI jhanakAra se 'prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda' ko atyanta kuzalatApUrvaka vyakta kiyA hai (pR. 304-306), vahIM kucha 'tattvodghATaka saMkhyAoM ' (pR.166 para) kA aMkana kara adbhuta aMka gaNitIya camatkAra bhI kara dikhAyA hai / aMka zAstra kI yaha chaTA kaI pRSThoM (pR. 169) taka bikharatI calI gaI hai| kAvyakAra jaba taka bahujJa aura bahuzruta na ho, vaha loka hitakArI kAvya kI sRSTi nahIM kara sakatA / kintu 'mUkamATI' kA praNetA to svayaM sRSTi kA koI sAmAnya jIva na hokara eka tapasvI, santa, sAdhaka, cintaka vicAraka, vidvat ziromaNi, dharmAcArya aura tattvAnveSI 'yugapuruSa aisI mahAnatama vibhUti kI satya siddha lekhanI se koI bhI viSaya bhalA kaise achUtA raha sakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'mUkamATI' mAtra jana-manaraMjaka eka kAvya- -kRti nahIM apitu jJAna-vijJAna kA bRhat koza hai / kAvyakAra ne svayaM kahA hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/ vyathAkAra nahIM / / aura / maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/ kathAkAra nahIM / / isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai - / kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe/AgAmI asIma kAla taka/ jAgRta jIvita ajita !" (pR. 245) / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa abhinava kRti meM jIva jagat kA koI bhI pakSa achUtA nahIM rahA hai| prAkRtika upacAra ke paramparAgata prayoga, aura AyurvedIya cikitsA ke sugama sUtroM (pR. 400, 405 ) se lekara kalikAla ke kuTila prabhAva (pR. 411), vaijJAnika vikAsa janya vikRtiyoM ke vidvattApUrNa vivecana (pR. 413), pada-premiyoM ko pratAr3anA (pR.434), dala bahulatA para prahAra (pR. 197), samAjavAda kI yukti saMgata vyAkhyA (pR. 461), pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke grahaNa se girate mAnava mUlya (pR.102, 173 ) aura isase virata rahane kI cetAvanI se yukta isa grantha meM kyA kucha nahIM hai ? maMgalakAvya hai yaha - 'tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' kI avadhAraNA se ota-prota / prANimAtra ke bIca vaiSamya ke nivAraNa hetu kavi, bhakathana ke misa prabhu se prArthanA karatA hai : 1 " prabhu - pana pAne se pUrva / eka kI prazaMsA / eka kA pratAr3ana eka kA utthAna / eka kA patana / eka dhanI, eka nirdhana eka guNI, eka nirguNa / eka sundara, eka bandara / yaha saba kyoM ? isa guNa-vaiSamya se / ise pIr3A hotI hai, prabho ! / dekhA nahIM jAtA aura / isI kAraNa bAdhya hokara / A~kheM banda karanI par3atI haiM / bar3I kRpA hogI, / bar3A upakAra hogA, / saba meM sAmya ho, svAmin!" (pR. 372) yaha hai 'sarve santu nirAmayAH' kI udAtta bhAvanA, jo santoM meM na hogI to phira aura kahA~ hogI ? AcAryazrI pahale santa haiM aura phira kavi / aura santa hote haiM udAramanA / 'santa hRdaya navanIta samAnA' / ve karuNAkara kahalAte haiM / yaha karuNA hI to kAvya kI utpatti kA mUla hai| 'mUkamATI' ke rUpa meM yahI zubhAkAMkSiNI karuNA bikharI hai cAroM ora / kahA~ taka kahA jaae| isa vizAla Akara grantha kI vivecanA kucheka pRSThoM meM sambhava nahIM / vaha bhI mere jaise alpamati se / kavi-kulagurU kAlidAsa kI ukti ko duharAU~ to - "kva sUryaprabhavo vaMza: kva cAlpaviSayA matiH, titIrSurdustaraM mohAduDupenAsmi saagrm|" AcAryazrI gurupada kI garimA se maNDita haiM aura " guruH sAkSAtparabrahmA tasmai zrI guruve namaH / " divya cakSu cAhie unake svarUpa varNana ke lie / yaha bhI unhIM ke kRpA bala se prApta ho sakate haiN| astu / 'mUkamATI' ke misa bArambAra unakA zubha smaraNa kara sakA, yaha merA saubhAgya hai / I
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________________ nayI kavitA se alaga : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. (zrImatI) kRSNA raiNA svAdhInatA prApti ke lie saMgharSa aura svAdhInatA kI prApti Aja ke bhAratIya itihAsa kI pramukha ghaTanAe~ haiN| inase deza kA itihAsa hI badala gayA, yahA~ kI paristhiti badalI, pariveza badalA aura yahA~ kA sAhitya badalA / san 1943 I. meM ajJeya ke sampAdakatva meM prayogavAdI kavitAoM kA eka saMkalana 'tAra saptaka' nAma se prakAzita huA thA jisase prayogavAdI kavitA kA Arambha mAnA jAtA hai / svayaM ajJeya ne 'prayogavAda' nAma svIkAra nahIM kiyA thaa| 'tAra saptaka' kI bhUmikA meM unake ye zabda bar3e vaz2anadAra haiM : "sAtoM kavi eka dUsare se paricita haiM kintu isase yaha pariNAma na nikAlA jAe ki ve kavitA ke kisI skUla ke kavi haiM yA kisI sAhitya jagat ke, kisI guTa athavA dala ke sadasya yA samarthaka haiM balki unake to ekatra hone kA kAraNa yahI hai ki ve kisI maMz2ila para pahu~ce hue nahIM haiM, abhI rAhI haiN| rAhI nahIM - rAhoM ke anveSI haiN| sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para unakI rAya alaga-alaga hai| pratyeka yuga kI kavitA apane yuga kI paristhitiyoM kI dena hotI hai / kavi apane yuga satya ko prastuta karanA cAhatA hai|' san 1951 I. meM 'dUsarA saptaka' ke prakAzana se kavitA kA nayA daura calA jise 'nayI kavitA' nAma diyA gayA / kucha loga nayI kavitA aura prayogavAdI kavitA ko eka prakAra kI kavitA mAnate haiM parantu mere vicAra se nayI kavitA apane pahale kI kavitA se ekadama bhinna hai| nayI kavitA ne yathArtha ko abhivyakti dii| isa kavitA meM bhogA huA yathArtha tathA anubhUta satya hai / isameM kavi ne paraspara virodhI jaTila aura jIvana ke ulajhe hue sandarbha bhI lie haiN| nayA kavi nae mUlyoM kI talAza meM hai| usake lie purAne mUlya vighaTita ho gae haiM aura mithyA par3a gae haiN| Adhunika kavitA kA mUlyAMkana' (pR. 87) meM DaoN. indranAtha madAna ke anusAra : "nayI kavitA kA uddezya jIvana kI navIna paristhiti, usake navIna svaroM evaM dharAtaloM ko vyakta satya kI dRSTi se abhivyakti denA hai|'' 'hindI sAhitya : eka Adhunika paridRzya' (pR.141) meM ajJeya ne likhA hai : "nayI kavitA kA phalaka jIvana kA vistRta sandarbha bana gyaa| isameM mAnava kI puna: pratiSThA kI khoja hai / nayI kavitA sabase pahale eka nayI mana:sthiti kA pratibimba hai-eka nae mUDa kA, eka nae rAga sambandha kaa|" isa kavitA meM navIna jIvana mUlyoM kI sthApanA ke lie Agraha hai aura vizeSa rUpa se mUlyoM kI sthiti meM hI isa kavitA ne vyakti aura samAja ko liyA hai / AdhunikatA isakA prANatattva hai / nae kaviyoM ne purAne aura paramparAgata mUlyoM ko aprAsaMgika mAnA / mAnyatAoM ke Age praznacihna laga gae / isameM manuSya ke bhItarI darda ko liyA gayA hai aura use yathArtha dRSTi se A~kA gayA / isa sandarbha meM yaha bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA ki Aja ke sAhitya para astitvavAdI darzana kA prabhAva bhI dekhane meM AtA hai / kavi kSaNa ke prati pUrI taraha saceta hai| vaha bhIr3a meM rahakara bhIr3a se alaga hai, riztoM meM rahakara riztoM se taTastha hai| vaha apane ko akelA anubhava karatA hai / parantu jahA~ hama eka ora kavitA meM mUlyahInatA kI Uba, kuNThA, riktatA, santrAsa aura ghuTana kI havA pAte haiM vahIM hamArI santa kAvyadhArA bhI ajasra rUpa se pravAhita hai| bhArata varSa meM santa paramparA prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai / yadi hama bhArata ke itihAsa aura sAhitya ke itihAsa ko dekheM to jJAta hogA ki yahA~ samaya-samaya para santoM ne apanI sarala, sahaja vANI dvArA AdhyAtmika anubhavoM ko Ama AdamI taka pahu~cAyA hai / Aja yadi kabIra yA tulasI ke sAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA kI bAta kI jAtI hai to yaha sAhitya isI kAraNa prAsaMgika hai, kyoMki yaha Ama AdamI ke lie hai aura Ama AdamI kI bhASA meM hai / Aja kA yuga satya bhI kucha-kucha unake yuga satyoM se milatA hai| ina kaviyoM ne jo bAta kI, prema, adhyAtma, samanvaya, jJAna, AsthA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 91 Adi kI, usI se manuSya bhautika jagat ke rAga-dveSa se Upara uTha jAtA hai| ina santoM kI vANI sArvabhauma hai / ina santoM deza aura kAla ke bandhana ko tor3a diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai santa kAvya vibhinna bhASAoM meM upalabdha hai aura prAcIna se arvAcIna kAla taka isakI paramparA pravAhita ho rahI hai| hindI bhASA meM 'santa' zabda kA prayoga sAdhAraNata: kisI bhI sadAcArI aura pavitrAtmA ke lie hotA | a~grejI kA 'seMTa' zabda vastuta: laiTina seMziyo ke AdhAra para nirmita saiMkTasa zabda se banA hai, isakA abhiprAya bhI pavitra karanA hai / yaha IsAI dharma ke katipaya prAcIna mahAtmAoM ke lie pavitra AtmAoM ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA hai / Aja jaba ki saMsAra meM vyakti ke sAmane asurakSA kA prazna hai, vizva choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM vibhAjita hai, vargoM meM vibhAjita hai, deza aura rASTra Apasa meM anAma lar3AI lar3a rahe haiM, saMgharSa ke vAtAvaraNa meM prANI mUka bana rahA hai, usakA mana zaMkAoM aura sandehoM se paripUrNa hai, aise samaya meM santoM kI vANiyoM kA sthAna aura mahattvapUrNa ho rahA hai| isa sandarbha meM AcArya vidyAsAgara kA kAvya 'mUkamATI' Aja ke sAhitya kI eka pramukha racanA / kavi jina viSayoM ko Aja kavitA meM uThAte haiM unase alaga haTakara zAzvata praznoM ko isa pustaka meM AcAryajI ne uThAyA hai / 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / vAstava meM yaha kAvya Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka ullekhanIya racanA hai| isameM dArzanika viSaya ko uThAyA gayA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI svayaM santa haiM / unake cintanamanana ke pariNAma svarUpa hI isa 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI racanA huI hai / santoM ne sadaiva tapasyA, sAdhanA karake jIvana sambandhI rahasyoM kI anubhUti prApta kI hai aura usakA udghATana kiyA hai| isakA mUla mantra tattva darzana hai / Aja uthalaputhala ke vAtAvaraNa meM bhI kavi kI santa AtmA jIvana ke rahasyoM kA udghATana karatI hai| isa kAvya ko khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isake khaNDa eka 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM mATI kI prArambhika dazA hai| mATI kaMkara - kaNoM se milI-julI hai, yahA~ parizodhana kI avasthA AtI hai / kumbhakAra kI kalpanA meM mATI kA maMgala ghaTa racita huA, jise sArthaka rUpa denA hai| usake lie varNasaMkara kI sthiti ko haTA kara zuddha dazA kI prApti karanI hai / kavi isI bhAva ko ina paMktiyoM meM vyakta karate haiM : "yathA - vidhi, yathA-1 - nidhi / kSIra meM nIra milAte hI / nIra kSIra bana jAtA hai / aura suno ! / kevala / varNa - raMga kI apekSA / gAya kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai Aka kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai / donoM Upara se vimala haiM / parantu paraspara unheM milAte hI / vikAra utpanna hotA hai - / kSIra phaTa jAtA hai pIra bana jAtA hai vaha ! / nIra kA kSIra bananA hI / varNa-lAbha hai, / varadAna hai / aura / kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI / varNa-saMkara hai/ abhizApa hai isase yahI phalita huA, / alaM vistareNa !" (pR. 48-49) milana kA artha laya honA hai, yAnI jahA~ dvaita samApta ho, jahA~ apane guNa-dharma saba vilupta ho jAte haiM aura ekAkAra kI bhAvanA AtI hai, use kavi ne vyaMjita kiyA hai : " are kaMkaro ! / mATI se milana huA / para/ mATI meM mile nahIM tuma ! mATI se chuvana to huA / para / mATI meM ghule nahIM tuma / itanA hI nahIM, calatI cakkI meM DAlakara / tumheM pIsane para bhI / apane guNa-dharma / bhUlate nahIM tuma bhale hI / cUraNa banate, retila; / mATI nahIM banate tuma !" (pR. 49 ) !
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________________ 92 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jIvana gati hai, cetanA hai / isameM ThaharAva nahIM hai / jIvana kA pratIka jala hai, nadI kI dhArA hai jo sanAtana rUpa se bahatI hai / yaha cetanatA kI dhArA avirala gatimAn hai / AcAryajI ne apane kAvya meM ise isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai : "jala jIvana detA hai/hima jIvana letA hai, / svabhAva aura vibhAva meM / yahI antara hai, yahI santoM kA kahanA hai / jo / jaga- jIvana - vettA haiM / " (pR. 54 ) kavi kA upAsya ahiMsA hai / yahI mAnava kalyANa kA astra hai| hiMsA nAza kI ora le jAtI hai aura ahiMsA mAnava aura anya prANiyoM ko nikaTa lAtI hai, sahayoga kI ora agrasara karatI hai : "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ ahiMsA hai / aura / jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai vahA~ nizcita hI / hiMsA chalatI hai|" (pR. 64 ) 'mUkamATI' kA dUsarA khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' hai / isameM kavi ke sAhitya bodha kI abhivyakti hai / yahA~ bhI AtmA aura paramAtmA kA sambandha saritA aura sAgara ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| saritA sarakatI hai, gatimAn hai tathA asthAI hai jabaki sAgara sthAI hai, sarakatA nahIM hai, isakI ora saritA sarakakara AtI hai aura isI meM laya ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra jIva gatimAn hai, asthira hai / usakA uddezya hI sAgara rUpI parabrahma yA apAra sattA meM laya honA (tadrUpa ho jAnA ) hai : " jo khisakatI - sarakatI hai / saritA kahalAtI hai / so asthAI hotI hai / aura/sAgara nahIM sarakatA / so sthAI hotA hai / parantu, saritA sarakatI sAgara kI ora hI nA ! / anyathA, / na saritA rahe, na sAgara / yaha sarakana hI saritA kI samiti hai / " (pR. 119 ) paramAtmA asIma hai, apAra hai, usakA kahIM kinArA nahIM, usakI gurumattA kI koI sImA nahIM / yaha jo dRzyamAn jagat hai, vaha usa apAra zazi kA eka bindu hai : " ora-chora kahA~ usa sattA kA ? / tIra-taTa kahA~ gurumattA kA ? jo kucha hai prastuta hai / apAra rAzi kI eka kaNikA bindu kI jalAMjali sindhu ko / vaha bhI sindhu meM raha kara hI / " (pR. 129 ) isa saMsAra meM jIva sAMsArika moha mAyA meM lipta rahate haiM jisa ke phalasvarUpa unheM AzA-nirAzA hotI hai aura sukha- du:kha bhoganA par3atA hai parantu jo AtmajJAnI hai, jisane apanI AtmA meM hI brahma kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA ho vaha uddezya ko prApta hotA / karatA hai| aisA hI jIva AtmavijJa kahalAtA hai, sthitaprajJa kahalAtA hai jo mAyA-moha ke bandhana meM nahIM pha~satA aura jo sAMsArika rAga-dveSa se Upara uThakara sukha-du:kha kI sthiti se pare pahu~ca jAtA hai : jAla meM "sthita - prajJa ha~sate kahA~ ? / moha-mAyA Atma-vijJa pha~sate kahA~ ?" (pR. 134) kAvya meM kucha tattvodghATaka saMkhyAoM aura vicitra citroM kI vyAkhyA bhI hai jinake dvArA kavi ne kaI dArzanika tattvoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai / kavi saMsAra ko 99 kA cakkara mAnate haiM, ataH heya hai aura nava jIvana kA srota hI dhyeya hai :
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________________ " saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai / yaha kahAvata caritArtha hotI hai / isIlie bhavika mumukSuoM kI dRSTi meM / 99 heya ho aura / dhyeya ho 9 nava-jIvana kA srota !" (pR. 167) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 93 isa khaNDa meM kavi ne nava rasoM kI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| RtuoM kA varNana, zRMgAra aura vIra kI vyAkhyAe~ kAvya meM prabhAvotpAdana karatI haiN| dArzanika sUtroM kI sarala vyAvahArika bhASA meM abhivyakti hai| nimna zabdoM meM kitanI bar3I bAta kavi ne kahI hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA, yAnI janana- utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira-sat / yahI satya hai, yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) .. kavi ne 'zabda' ko mahattva diyA hai| isa ke artha ko jAnanA 'bodha' hai, bodha kI anubhUti aura vizleSaNa 'zodha' hai | zabda hI brahma hai / 'mUkamATI' kA tIsarA khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa - prakSAlana' hai / isa khaNDa meM mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA ke mAdhyama se puNya karma ke dvArA zreyaskara upalabdhi kI ora saMketa hai / yadi manuSya mana, vacana aura karma se zubha karma kare to loka-kalyANa kI kAmanA hotI hai, puNya kA arjana hotA hai| isameM megha se megha - muktA kA avatAra dikhAyA hai / muktA kAvarSaNa hotA hai| motiyoM kI varSA huI una aparipakva kumbhoM para / rAjA ko samAcAra milaa| rAjA kI maNDalI ko unheM boriyoM meM bharane kA saMketa milA / jyoM hI motI bharane ke lie rAjA kI maNDalI nIce kI ora jhukI, AkAza meM guru garjana huA- 'anartha ! pApa !' parantu kumbhakAra ne yaha socakara ki muktA rAzi para rAjA kA adhikAra hai, use hI samarpita kiyA / kavi kahatA hai dhariNI kA hI kArya hai ki vaha jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara motI banA detI hai / use nIce girane ke bajAya U~ce sthAna para pahu~cAne kA kArya dharatI hI karatI hai : 46 'jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara / muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara / uttuMga - utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai / " (pR. 193) isa kAvya meM nArI kI mahimA ko maNDita kiyA gayA hai / kavi kA kathana hai ki jo jIvana meM maMgalamaya mahotsava lAtI hai, vahI 'mahilA' hai / vahI puruSa ko sahI rAstA dikhAtI hai, sabala puruSa bhI isake sAmane nirbala par3a jAtA hai| yaha dharatI taba taka sampadA -sampannA rahegI, jaba taka isa para 'kumArI' rahegI, jo prAthamika maMgala hai| isameM sama, zIla aura saMyama hai| vaha puruSoM meM dharma, artha aura kAma ko saMyata karatI hai| vaha apanA aura apane pati kA jIvana kalyANa bhAvanA pUrNa banAtI hai, hita kI bhAvanA se hI use 'duhitA' kahA gayA hai / kavi ne isa prakAra mahilA, abalA, nArI, kumArI, strI, duhitA, mAtR zabda kI vyAkhyA kara usakI mahAnatA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai : "yahI kAraNa hai, ki yahA~ / koI pitA- pitAmaha, puruSa nahIM hai jo saba kI AdhAra-zilA ho, / saba kI jananI / mAtra mAtRtattva hai / " (pR. 206) isa AdhyAtmika yAtrA ko kavi ne sundara zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai| sAdhaka kI antaradRSTi meM sadaiva sAdhanA kI
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________________ 94 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yAtrA rahatI hai / yaha yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora, veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai : "jala aura javalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meM/nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie anyathA,/vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai/yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) 'mUkamATI' kA cauthA khaNDa hai 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh'| isameM varNita hai ki avA meM kumbha kaI dina taka tapatA rahA phira kumbhakAra pake kumbha ko bAhara nikAlatA hai aura zraddhAlu nagara-seTha ke sevaka ko detA hai tAki isameM bhare jala se guru kA pAda-prakSAlana ho aura unakI pyAsa bujha jaae| lene se pahale sevaka kumbha ko sAta bAra bajAtA hai| sAdhu kI AhAra-dAna prakriyA meM bhakti, harSa, viSAda, dharmopadeza, pUjA, upAsanA ke upakaraNa Adi kI vyAkhyA AtI hai / kAvya meM svarNakalaza kI upekSA kara miTTI ke ghar3e kA varNana hai| isa apamAna kA badalA lene ke lie svarNakalaza eka dala banA letA hai, jo trAhi-trAhi macA letA hai / yaha svarNakalaza aura isakA AtaMka macAnA yuga sandarbha kI dRSTi se sArthaka hai| isameM lekhaka batAtA hai ki jaba taka dharatI para AtaMkavAda hai taba taka yahA~ zAnti nahIM ho sakatI hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, ye kAna aba/AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM skte|" (pR. 441) yaha kaisA yuga hai ? kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aura satya zAsita hogA ? kyA Aja vAstavika hIroM kI hAra ho jAegI aura kA~ca kI hI cakAcauMdha chA jAegI ? "yaha kaisA kAla A gayA,/kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ? kyA satya zAsita hogA?/hAya re jauharI ke hATa meM Aja hIraka-hAra kI hAra !/hAya re, kA~ca kI cakAcauMdha meM marI jA rahI-/hIre kI jhagajhagAhaTa !" (pR. 469-470) kyA satya AtmasamarpaNa karegA asatya ke sAmane aura satI vyabhicAriNI ke pIche-pIche calegI ? kavi ke anusAra burA samaya samApta hogA aura jIvana phira se maMgalamaya banegA / amaMgala bhAva Tala jAe~ge aura AzA kI kiraNa phUTa pdd'egii| saba ke jIvana kI latA puna: sukha meM harI-bharI ho jaaegii| AtaMkavAda ke pazcAt anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza hogA: "AtaMkavAda kA anta/aura/anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza !" (pR. 478) bhAratIya darzana kI aisI mAnyatA aura paramparA rahI hai ki bhautika jIvana nazvara hai, ata: prabuddha prANI sAMsArika sukhoM aura vaibhava ke pIche nahIM daur3ate the| ve sadaiva AdhyAtmika cintana-manana meM lage rahate the parantu yaha RSi-paramparA aba isa kAla meM luptaprAya hai / Aja bhI yadi vyakti sAmAjika dAyitva ko samajhe, samabhAva aura 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bAta kare to adhikAMza duHkha aura kaluSa miTa jaaeNge| isa kAvya meM bhAratIya cintana paddhati ko liyA gayA hai / isa kAvya kA AdhAra darzana hai / 'mUkamATI' meM jIvana darzana kI vyAkhyA hai, isake sAtha hI prakRti kA citraNa prAMjala rUpa meM hai / sAhitya kI paribhASA bhI isameM milatI hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 95 'mUka mATI' ko mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / mahAkAvya ke anurUpa prAkRtika saundarya kA citraNa isameM hai| isameM mATI ko nAyikA aura kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAnA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM AdhyAtmika prakAra kA romAMsa hai / samakAlIna yugabodha kA aMkana isa kAvya ke pRSTha bhAga meM milatA hai, jahA~ AtaMkavAda kA saMketa hai| zAstrIya rUpa se yaha kAvya cAhe mahAkAvya ho yA na ho parantu isameM eka udAtta viSaya ko liyA gayA hai jise udAtta bhASA meM udAtta DhaMga se abhivyakti milI hai, ata: Aja ke sAhitya kI eka pramukha kRti ke rUpa meM isa racanA ko liyA jaaegaa| isa kAvya meM usa mATI ko liyA gayA hai jo mUka hai, jisakI saMvedanA mauna hai parantu phira bhI vaha saba kA AdhAra hai / yaha sAdhAraNa mATI hai jo jana sAmAnya kA pratIka hai jisameM sAmantIya gandha nahIM hai| ata: isakI vyAkhyA karane ke lie hameM kRti kI rAha se hI guz2aranA pdd'egaa| naI kRtiyoM ko parakhane ke lie purAne mApadaNDa sArthaka siddha nahIM ho sakate haiN| 'mUkamATI' kI mahimA DaoN. ravIndra bhramara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI vilakSaNa kRti 'mUkamATI' ko dUsarI bAra par3hane kA mana bnaayaa| kucha do varSa pUrva, pahalI bAra isakA pArAyaNa kiyA thaa| guru kRpA se dUsarI bAra preraNA huI aura isa kAvya sarovara kA avagAhana karane kA prayAsa nae sire se kiyaa| mATI kI saMvedanA, sarjanA zakti aura dArzanika cintanA ko AdhAra banAkara eka aise kAvya kI saMracanA honA AhlAdakArI hai / ise mRttikA maMgala kA bhI kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai / mATI aura kumbhakAra kA sambandha sanAtana hai| kumbhakAra mATI se usa maMgala ghaTa kI racanA karatA hai jo jala se pUrita hokara jana-jana kI tRSA kA nivAraNa karane ko udyata rahatA hai| vidhAtA rUpI kumbhakAra mATI se usa maMgala mUrti kI racanA karatA hai jo prANoM se visphUrjita hokara mAnava kI saMjJA prApta karatA hai aura satkarmoM se AveSTita hokara loka kalyANa kA nimitta banatA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne kucha aise hI vicAra tattvoM kA saMgumphana karake 'mUkamATI' ko prANavAn banA diyA hai| isa kRti ko 'mahAkAvya' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / mahAkAvya ke samasta lakSaNa upalabdha na bhI hoM to zreSTha kAvya ke guNadharma isameM vinyasta haiM / mukta chanda kI racanA hone ke bAvajUda mArmika uktiyoM, rocaka prasaMgoM, prakRti ke manohara citroM, kAvya bimboM aura abhivyaMjanA kI antarvartI laya ke kAraNa yaha kRti eka anahada AdhyAtmika saMgIta bana gaI hai / aura hA~, AdhyAtmikatA athavA dArzanikatA ke kAraNa isakA kAvya rUpa sRjana ke nae AyAma grahaNa kara letA hai| inhIM zabdoM ke mAdhyama se 'mUka mATI' ke kartA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke prati merI vinamra praNati / pRSTha 955-453 jaba Aga kInarIko pAra karaAye sa....... ... nIrako dhAraNakare sodharagI nIrakA pAlana kareso-dharI /
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________________ nIti, darzana aura adhyAtma kA grantha : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. premasAgara jaina 'mUkamATI' zAstrIya kAvya hai arthAt zAstra hai aura kAvya bhI / zAstra meM rUkhe siddhAnta hote haiN| rUkhe bhI aisevaise nahIM, bahuta rUkhe / vaijJAnika dRSTi se unakA tAra hRdaya se nahIM, mastiSka se jur3A hotA hai / ata: unheM pacAnA to dUra, samajhanA bhI muzkila ho jAtA hai| ve sAhitya nahIM bana pAte / sAhitya ke lie bhAvonmeSa honA anivArya hai / darzana ho, siddhAnta ho yA anya koI rUkSa viSaya ho, bhAvonmeSa ho jAne para sAhitya kI koTi meM A jAte haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke aneka sthaloM meM bhAvonmeSa huA hai kintu saMkhyA alpa hI hai| eka uddharaNa de rahA hU~ : "pariNAma-paridhi se/abhirAma-avadhi se/aba yaha bacanA cAhatA hai, prabho !/rUpa-sarasa se/gandha parasa se pare apanI racanA cAhatA hai, vibho !/saMga-rahita ho/jaMga-rahita ho zuddha lauha aba/dhyAna-dAha meM basa/pacanA cAhatA hai, prabho!" (pR. 285) dUsarA sthala hai : "jina A~khoM meM/atIta kA ojhala jIvana hI nahIM, Agata-jIvana bhI svapnila-sA/dhuMdhalA-dhuMdhalA-sA tairane lagA, aura/bhAvI, sambhAvita zaMkila-sA/kula milA kara saba-kucha dhUmila-dhUmila-sA/bojhila-sA jhalakane lgaa|" (pR. 294) 'mUkamATI' nIti, darzana aura adhyAtma kA grantha hai / isa kI khUbI hai bhASA kI saralatA / usa meM sahajatA hai, vaha bhAvoM ke pIche-pIche calatI hai / darzana aura adhyAtma gUDha viSaya haiN| unakI sahaja abhivyakti vahI kara sakatA hai, jisane use pacAyA ho / 'mUkamATI' isa dRSTi se eka uttama kAvya hai / sAmAnya pAThaka bhI unheM AsAnI se samajha letA hai| samajhanA aura bAta hai, dila kI talahaTiyoM ko sparza karanA kucha aura hai / lekhaka ne dRSTAnta alaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se isa cunautI ko svIkArA hai / eka dRSTAnta dekhie : "tairane vAlA tairatA hai saravara meM/bhItarI nahIM, bAharI dRzya hI dikhate haiM use |/vhiiN para dUsarA DubakI lagAtA hai, saravara kA bhItarI bhAga/bhAsita hotA hai use, bahirjagat kA sambandha TUTa jAtA hai|" (pR. 289) darzana aura adhyAtma kI gaharI DUba aura Upara-Upara tairane kA antara dikhAyA hai| eka dUsarA dRSTAnta hai : "isa yuga ke/do mAnava/apane Apa ko/khonA cAhate haiMeka/bhoga-rAga ko/madya-pAna ko/cunatA hai; aura eka/yoga-tyAga ko/Atma-dhyAna ko/dhunatA hai / kucha hI kSaNoM meM/donoM hote/vikalpoM se mukta / phira kyA kahanA!/eka zava ke samAna/nirA par3A hai, aura eka/ziva ke samAna/kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 97 yahA~ eka bhoga-rAga aura madya-pAna meM khotA hai to dUsarA yoga-tyAga aura Atma-dhyAna meM apane ko Dubo kara khotA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM yadi kisI alaMkAra kI bahulatA hai to vaha hai rUpaka / rUpaka ke do bheda hote haiM-sAMga aura niraMga / pAnI aura machalI, Aga aura lakar3I, kuA~ aura rassI tathA miTTI aura kumbhakAra ke anekAneka rUpaka haiMjinameM kucha sAMga hai aura kucha niraMga / una sabake uddharaNa dene se isa alpa kalevara samIkSA kA AkAra bahuta bar3ha jaaegaa| rUpakoM meM sUkSma-se-sUkSma jAnakArI racayitA kI talasparzitA ko dikhAne meM pUrNa samartha hai| kintu vinamratA-pUrvaka likhanA cAhU~gA ki adhikAMza rUpaka bojhila aura rUkhe haiM, unameM vaha bhAva pravaNatA nahIM hai jo eka kAvya ke lie Avazyaka hai| pRSTha 270 para avA ke pUre vivecana meM lakar3iyoM kA rUpaka rUkSa hI rUkSa hai| hetUtprekSAoM ke abhAva ne bhI kAvya meM rasa ko AghAta pahu~cAyA hai| svayambhU kA 'pauma cariu' hetRtprekSAoM ke hI kAraNa jIvanta banA hai / prAta: Ate-Ate candra pIta varNa kA ho hI jAtA hai| isa para kavi kalpanA karatA hai ki rAta bhara sUrya kI patnI nizA se sahavAsa ke kAraNa vaha bhayabhIta hai ki kahIM sUrya use dekha na le / isI kAraNa vaha pIlA par3a gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA ne bhI candra ke pIta varNa para kalpanA kI hai : "abalA bAlAyeM saba/taralA tArAyeM aba/chAyA kI bhA~ti apane patideva/candramA ke pIche-pIche ho/chupI jA rahIM kahIM 'sudUra "diganta meM"/divAkara unheM/dekha na le, isa zaMkA se|" (pR. 2) prAta: hone ko hai / tArAoM kA asta honA prAkRtika hai / kavi kalpanA karatA hai ki divAkara kahIM unheM dekha na le, isa kAraNa chipI jA rahI haiN| kintu yahA~ yaha bhaya sArthaka nahIM hai / tArAe~ to candra kI paliyA~ haiM, ata: dinakara dekha bhI le to unheM bhaya kyoM ho arthAt hetUtprekSA nirjIva-sI hai| kavi abhidhA, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA meM lakSaNA ko adhika prazraya dete pratIta hote haiN| kintu lakSaNA ke prayogoM meM vizRMkhalatA hai, aisA aneka sthaloM para pratibhAsita hotA hai, jaise : "viSayoM aura kaSAyoM kA vamana nahIM honA hI unake prati mana meM /abhiruci kA honA hai|" (pR. 280) yaha eka lakSaNAtmaka prayoga hai| khAdya padArthoM ke mu~ha se kai hone ko 'vamana' kahate haiN| ata: mukhya artha meM bAdhA upasthita huI aura anyArtha kA samAhAra huA ki viSayoM aura kaSAyoM ko bilkula nikAla pheMkanA hai| isake do upAya haiM - eka to usa tarapha dhyAna hI na jAe aura dUsarA itanA prayoga ki ghisate-ghisate cuka jaaeN| vamana zabda dUsare upAya kI ora iMgita karatA hai / kyA yaha ThIka hai ? "rasa kA svAda usI rasanA ko AtA hai jo jIne kI icchA se hI nahIM, mRtyu kI bhIti se bhI Upara uThI hai|" (pR. 281) jIvana aura mRtyu ke Upara uThakara jo rasa prApta hotA hai, vaha brahmAnanda hai, 'brahmAnanda sahodara' nahIM hai| kAvya kI AtmA rasa hotI hai aura vaha rasa 'brahmAnanda sahodara' hotA hai / yahA~ para bhI lakSaNA hai| rasanA meM rasa kA svAda bhautika hotA hai, vaha uddezya yahA~ nahIM hai| ata: mukhyArtha meM bAdhA huI / anyArtha kA samAhAra hai ki rasa kA svAda arthAt brahmAnanda taba prApta hotA hai, jaba yaha jIva jIvana aura mRtyu se Upara uTha jAtA hai| kintu rasanA zabda bAdhaka hai, vaha adhyAtma kI ora nahIM sAhitya kI tarapha iMgita karatA hai| kintu brahmAnanda sahodara ke binA sAhityika rasa kaise DhU~DhU~?
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________________ 98 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " jahA~ taka rasa kA sambandha hai, racayitA ne " zAnta rasa jIvana kA gAna hai," svIkAra kiyA hai| 'jIvana kA gAna ' mahattvapUrNa hai| jisa jIvana meM ullAsa nahIM, utsava nahIM, vaha vyartha hai / tar3aphatI, sisakatI, bekarAra z2indagI bojha hai / jIvana meM agara saMgIta AtA hai to zAnta rasa se hI / zRMgAra ke saMyoga aura viyoga donoM hI pakSa baicena kara dene vAle hote haiM / vaha rasa-rAja kaise ho sakatA hai, ata: kavi ne zAnta ko hI rasa - rAja mAnA / bhale hI z2indagI jaddemusallasala ho, kintu satata hone vAle saMgharSa se nijAta pAne ke lie zAnta rasa hI anivArya hai / vahI z2indagI ko "rasaM labdhvA vai bhavati" se bhara sakatA hai, anya nahIM / 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA ne prema ko lokottara mAnA hai / isa mATI ke sthUla, mAMsala prema ko asvIkAra kara diyA hai / mAMsala aura vAsanA hamarAhI haiN| vAsanA icchA ko kahate haiM / icchA sadaiva asthAI hotI hai| to, isa dharatI kA prema kabhI sthAI nahIM ho sakatA / usameM zAzvata bane rahane kI zakti nahIM hai / usameM Ananda to hotA hai, kintu vaha Ananda, jo miTa-miTa jAtA hai, banA nahIM rahatA / mATI ke prema meM 'donoM ora palane' kI bAta hai / jaina sandarbha mUla meM hI isa zarta ko nakAratA hai| jaina AcArya usI prema ko prema kahate haiM, jisameM deza aura kAla kAvyavadhAna na ho jo satata calatA rhe| vaha ahiMsA kA paryAyavAcI hai / vaha alaukika hai - lokottara / AkAza kI taraha unmukta aura vyApaka / prazna yaha hai ki yaha ni:sIma prema dharatI ke AdamI ke choTe-se dila meM kaise Ae - samAe kaise ? uttara hai ki jaba asIma sasIma meM AtA hai to vaha sImA phaila kara niHsIma bana jAtI hai| isI ko AdamI kA rUpAntaraNa kahate haiM to, 'mUkamATI' meM prema ke dvArA AdamI ke rUpAntarita hone kI yaha prakriyA sajIva hai| phreMca kavi aura cintaka vargasA~ kA yaha kathana ki " upanyAsoM aura kAvyoM Adi meM jo prema dikhAyA jAtA hai, vaha lokottara prema se udhAra liyA gayA hai", 'mUkamATI' ne use sahI sAbita kiyA hai| khIMcatAna hara jagaha burI hotI hai - cAhe vaha darzana aura siddhAnta ho athavA sAhitya / 'mUkamATI' meM jo zabdacAturya dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, vaha dUra kI kaur3I mAranA hai| yaha khilavAr3a na hotA to zreyaskara hotaa| isase rasa meM vyAghAta pahu~cA hai aura "raso vai saH" kA janma nahIM ho pAyA hai| rasa kA janma tabhI ho pAtA hai jaba bhAva-vibhAvaanubhAva kA svAbhAvika paripAka huA ho / yaha tabhI sambhava hai, jaba usakI abhivyakti sahaja ho / usakA mukhya upakaraNa hai - zabda | zabda ke artha ko cakaradaNDa dene se rasa mUrcchita ho jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA eka jainAcArya haiN| unheM darzana kA tala-sparzI jJAna hai / ve kRzakAya tapasvI haiM / tapa hI unakA jIvana hai kintu sAhitya kI ora unakA bhAvAtmaka abhiyAna mujhe acchA lagA / unhoMne adhyAtma kA bhAvonmeSa kara use sahaja banA diyA hai| isase vaha janasAdhAraNa kI samajha meM A pAtA hai / unhoMne hindI bhASA kI Adhunika kAvyazailI ko apanA kara rASTra ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai / hindI bhASA bhI dhanyabhAk banI hai| yaha satya hai ki prAcIna kAla se hI jaina AcAryoM ne darzana, siddhAnta aura pratiSThAoM Adi meM jahA~ ruci dikhAI, vahA~ kAvya kA kSetra bhI unase achUtA nahIM bacA / anekAneka bhAvapUrNa stuti evaM stotra kAvyoM kI unhoMne racanA kI hai| Aja bhI ve unakI lokapriyatA ke mAnastambha haiM / zaMkarAcArya 'advaitavAda' se nahIM, 'bhaja govindam' se adhika jAne yA samajhe jAte haiM / isI prakAra maiM samajhatA hU~ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara bhI 'mUkamATI' se jana-jana ke bIca lokapriya hoNge| pRSTha 148, suta ko prasUta kara**, prakRti mA~ kI A~khoM meM / rotI huI karuNA,
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________________ Adhunika yuga kI manusmRti aura gItA : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. paramezvara datta zarmA jainAcArya santa kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja dvArA viracita 'mUkamATI' yugapravartaka mahAkAvya hai / yaha mahAkAvya hI nahIM, apitu dharma, darzana, adhyAtma tathA cetanA kA abhinava zAstra hai| yaha Adhunika yuga kI manusmRti aura gItA bhI hai / yadi 'rAmAyaNa', 'mahAbhArata', 'paumacariu' tathA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' ke racayitA vAlmIki, vyAsa, svayambhU aura tulasI santa kavi haiM to 'mUkamATI' ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgara bhI vItarAga santa kavi haiM / sUphI santa mahAkavi malika mohammada jAyasI kA mahAkAvya 'padamAvata' yadi AdhyAtmika rUpaka hai, mahAkavi jayazaMkara prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' yadi manovaijJAnika rUpaka hai to 'mUkamATI' dhArmika rUpaka hai / vastuta: yaha hindI kAvya jagat kA gaurava grantha hai| sAMskRtika kathAnaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI kAvya pratibhA kA yaha adbhuta camatkAra hai ki mATI jaisI akiMcana vastu ko mahAkAvya kI viSaya-vastu banAkara usakI mukti kI kAmanA ko vANI dI hai| kumbhakAra zilpI ne miTTI kI dhuva aura bhavya sattA ko pahacAnakara, kUTa-chAnakara, varNasaMkara kaMkaroM ko haTAkara use nirmala mRdutA kA lAbha diyaa| phira jala dekara prANa pratiSThA kI, cAka para car3hAkara kumbha kA rUpa diyA, saMskArita kara ave meM tapAyA aura phira maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa diyA / maMgala ghaTa ne sAMsArika parivArI seTha ko mahAsanta guru ke satkAra kA suavasara diyA / santa ke satsaMga se seTha ko virAga jAgA aura vaha saba kucha tyAga kara nIrAga sAdhu kI zaraNa meM calA gayA / vItarAga mahAsanta ne kumbha, kumbhakAra, zreSThI, AtaMkavAda aura dharatI ko zAzvata sukha ke lAbha' kI kAmanA kii| yadyapi miTTI kI mahimA kA gAna isa mahAkAvya kA pratipAdya hai, tathApi usakI mukti yAtrA meM aneka prasaMga jur3ate gae haiN| mATI se maMgala ghaTa kA nirmANa to sAdhanA kA kSetra hai, kintu maMgala ghaTa ke saMparka se karmabaddha AtmA kI mukti kA kSetra siddhi kSetra hai| siddhi kSetra kI ananta samasyAe~ haiN| una sabakA vistRta AkhyAna prAsaMgika kathAoM meM bikharA par3A hai kintu mUla kathA meM sAdhaka ko jina jina avasthAoM se guz2aranA par3atA hai unakA ullekha kavi ne isa prakAra kiyA hai-dharatI mA~ kRtakArya kumbha se kahatI hai ki 'beTA! tumhArI unnati aura praNati dekhakara maiM prasanna huuN| tumane merI AjJA kA pAlanakara zilpI kumbhakAra ke saMsarga meM Akara vikAsazIla jIvana kA prArambha kiyA-yaha pahalA caraNa thA / ahaMkAra tyAga kara kumbhakAra ko zraddhApUrvaka samarpaNa kiyA-yaha dUsarA caraNa thA / agni parIkSA jaisI kaThora parIkSAoM meM saphala hue-yaha tIsarA caraNa thA / kSaNabhaMgura jIvana ko svAzrita, UrdhvagAmI aura UrdhvamukhI banAyA-yaha antima caraNa thaa| isa prakAra janmA se ajanmA honA, jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga honA hai-zAzvata sukha pAnA hai' (pR.482-483)| isa kathAnaka ke dvArA kavi ne AtmA ke utkarSa kI, mukti yAtrA kI kathA kA rUpaka bA~dhA hai| isameM dharatI' ko dhruvasattA 'mUkamATI' ko pavitra AtmA, 'kumbhakAra zilpI' ko patha-pradarzaka guru, 'maMgala ghaTa' ko nirgrantha digambara sAdhu, 'atithi santa' ko virAga cetanA, 'AtaMkavAda' ko sAMsArika mAyA, pralobhana, bAdhaka tattva kA aura 'nIrAga sAdhu' ko arhanta jinadeva kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| mUla pAtroM ke atirikta cetana aura acetana padArthoM kA mAnavIkaraNa kara kavi ne unake guNa-dharmamaya svarUpa kA nirUpaNa bhI pAtra rUpa meM kiyA hai / yathA-kaMkara, kudAlI, gadahA, lekhanI, kulAla-cakra, Aloka, DaNDA, kIla, DorI, anala, anila, jala, gagana, bhUmi, tAnapUrA, vAdyayantra, gajamuktA, rAjA, svarNa kalaza, jhArI, macchara, matkuNa, vividha ratna, hAthI, siMha, nAga-nAgina, pralayavRSTi, bAr3ha, rassI, jalajantu, cakravAta Adi mAnavI bhASA meM sambhASaNa karate aura apane-apane svabhAva ke anurUpa kArya karate haiM, kintu dayA aura
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________________ 100 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ahiMsA kA Azraya grahaNa karake dharmAnurAgI bana loka kalyANa meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM / kavi kI ye maulika cintanAe~ aura dharma ke prati aTUTa AsthAe~ haiM / tarkasaMgata saMghaTanA I mahAkAvya kA nAma kavi ne 'mUkamATI' diyA hai| mATI kabhI bolatI nahIM kintu usakI mahimA apAra hai / kabIra kI ye paMktiyA~ isa prasaMga meM sArthaka haiM: "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kyoM ru~dhai moya / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM dhauMgI toya" / mATI kI yaha vedanA vidyAsAgarajI ko karuNa banA gaI aura unhoMne mATI para 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya raca diyA / mATI ne apanI zuddhi yAtrA meM cAra sopAna car3he, isalie kavi ne mahAkAvya ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA, jinake nAma haiM kramaza: - 1. saMkara nahIM : varNa - lAbha 2. zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM 3. puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana aura 4. agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / pahale khaNDa meM kaMkara-karkaTa- kUr3e se yukta miTTI ko kumbhakAra dvArA khoda-kUTa-chAnakara apamizraNa se mukta karane aura usako mRdu svarUpa meM lAne kI prakriyA kA varNana hai / dUsare khaNDa meM 'mATI' kA uccAraNa mRdu zabda hai / isa zabda kA sampUrNa artha samajhanA bodha hai| kumbhakAra mATI meM nirmala jala milAkara prANa phU~katA hai aura isa bodha ko anubhUti meM, AcaraNa meM utAranA zodha hai ki 'ajJAnI ne nava jJAna pAyA hai| mATI jala mizrita ho kulAlacakra para loMdA bana car3hI, kacce ghaTa ke rUpa meM sUkhI aura dharma - saMskAra - cihnoM se aMkita ho ahaMkAra ko chor3a cukI hai| tIsare khaNDa meM mATI ne mana, vacana, kAya kI nirmalatA se aura zubha kAryoM tathA loka kalyANa ke sampAdana se puNya prApta kiyA tathA krodha, lobha, mAna, mAyA, moha kA parityAga kara pApa ko dho DAlA / mahApralaya ke madhya paMca tattvoM kI paraspara spardhA samApta kara kaccA ghaTa rAjA ko lobha mukta kara detA hai tathA svayaM sAdhanA kI agalI yAtrA prArambha karatA hai / cauthA khaNDa apane Apa meM eka mahAkAvya hai / maMgala ghaTa ko ave meM tapAnA, zreSThI se maMgala ghaTa kA sahacAra, bhrAmarI vRtti hetu Agata atithi- santa ko bhojanadAna tathA zreSThI kA virAga aura vItarAga santa kI zaraNa meM jAnA hI cA~dI-sI rAkha pAnA hai| nIrAga mahAmuni ne kahA 'bandhana rUpa, tana, mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA mokSa hai aura mokSa pAkara saMsAra meM AnA sambhava nhiiN'| yahI jIvana kA ujjvala pakSa hai, cA~dI hai| isa prakAra kavi ne mahAkAvya kI saMghaTanA tarkasaMgata vidhi se karake apane sRjana ko prayojanamUlaka banAyA hai| mATI ke kalyANakArI rUpa ke vikAsa ke cAra sopAna haiM- akiMcanAvasthA, sAdhanAvasthA, siddhAvasthA aura prayojanAvasthA / usane jisa saritA taTa se nirIhAvasthA meM mukti yAtrA prArambha kI thI, usI saritA taTa meM usake utkarSazIla rUpa maMgala ghaTa ne Atma kalyANa, loka kalyANa aura vizva kalyANa ke lie mukti yAtrA samApta kI hai| racanA kA uddezya 'mUkamATI' kI racanA kyoM kI gaI ? isa sambandha meM kavi se svayaM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / kavi ne grantha ke prArambha meM 'mAnasa taraMga' nAmaka bhUmikA likhI hai| usameM zramaNa saMskRti meM nihita darzana ke siddhAntoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki aise hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai / isake sAttvika anuzIlana se zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM vairAgya ubhara AtA hai, laukika alaMkAra alaukika bana jAte haiM, zabda ko artha aura artha ko paramArtha prApta hotA hai, nUtana zodha praNAlI ko naI dRSTi milatI hai, AdhyAtmika kAvya sRjana kI zuddha cetanA jAgrata hotI hai, varNa-jAti-kula kI vyavasthA ke prati AsthA jagatI hai aura zuddha-sAttvika jIvana meM dharma kI pratiSThA hotI hai / sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karane, yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita karane tathA bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3akara zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhane kI niSThA utpanna hotI hai (dekheM - pR. XXIV, bhUmikA) / vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa aura saMvardhana ke dvArA puruSArtha catuSTaya-dharma,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 101 artha, kAma, mokSa kI prApti se mAnava mAtra kI kalyANa kAmanA 'mUkamATI' kA mahAn uddezya hai / zramaNa saMskRti kA mUla hai - ahiMsA / ahiMsA kI upAsanA nirgrantha sAdhu kA mUla dharma hai (pR. 64-65) / isIlie mAnava mana ke viSayajanya kaSAyAdi manovikAroM (AtaMkavAda) ko jItakara sadAcaraNa yukta anantajIvana kI zuruAta karane kI preraNA mUkamATI detI hai| "zramaNa-sAdhanA ke viSaya meM / aura / akSaya sukha-sambandha meM / vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA ho / to.../AcaraNa kI dRSTi se / maiM jahA~ para hU~ / vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,... / ina / zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo, / hA~, hA~ !! / vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/...magara/ mArga meM nahIM maMjila para " (pR. 487-488) - ye zabda haiM pUjyapAda nIrAga santa ke / yahI bAta bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne gItA meM arjuna se kahI hai| zrI kRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM ki jo manuSya doSadRSTi se rahita hokara zraddhApUrvaka mere mata kA sadA AcaraNa karate haiM ve bhI sampUrNa karmoM ke bandhana se mukta ho jAte haiM : - bhAratIya saMskRti kI 'saba sukhI raheM, saba niroga hoM, sabakA kalyANa ho, koI dukhI na rahe' kI udAtta bhAvanA bhI 'mUkamATI' ne yaha svara diyA hai : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/ jIvana bane maMgalamaya / chA jAve sukha-chA~va, / sabake saba TaleM - / amaMgala bhAva !" (pR. 478) "ye me matamiMdaM nityaM anutiSThanti mAnavAH / zraddhAvanto'nasUyanto mucyante te'pi karmabhiH || " (gItA-3/31) mUla- vicAraNA-bindu vaicArika dRSTi se mUkamATI' kA paTala atyanta vistRta hai| dharma, darzana, adhyAtma, saMskRti, sAhitya, saMgIta, kalA, vijJAna, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, cikitsA Adi sabhI to vidyamAna haiM isameM apanI pUrNatA meM / dharma ke bAre meM kavi ke vicAra : m O O O 'hama nirgrantha- pantha ke pathika haiM / " (pR. 64 ) "dhammo dayA - visuddho / " (pR. 70, 71) 66 'dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi / " (pR. 70 ) 44 dhammaM saraNaM pavvajjAmi / " (pR. 75) O "sallekhanA, yAnI / kAya aura kaSAya ko / kRza krnaa...|" (pR. 87) "dayAvisuddho dhammo / " (pR. 88) O 0 " khammAmi, khamaMtu me / " (pR. 105) adhyAtmaviSayaka vicAra haiM : "svastika se aMkita hRdaya se / adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / ... binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nahIM / ... svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai|" (pR. 288) darzana ke sambandha meM kavi kI mAnyatA hai : darzana : "darzana kA srota mastaka hai... / darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai- vicAra, (vaha) jJAna hai, jJeya bhI / " (pR.288-289) "jo samyak sarakatA hai / " (pR. 161) saMsAra : bhAratIya saMskRti : "sukha - zAnti kI pravezikA hai / " (pR. 103)
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________________ 102 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'hI' aura 'bhI' : sAhitya kalA : 66 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / 'bhI' hai bhAratIya sNskRti...|" (pR. 173) "jisa ke avalokana se/ sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho / " (pR. 111) 'kalA mAtra se jIvana meM / sukha-zAnti sampannatA AtI hai / " (pR. 396) 64 'nArI' : AcAryazrI ne nArI kI mahimA ko svIkArA hai| usake paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke vyutpattiparaka vyAkaraNika arthoM se navIna avadhAraNAe~ sthApita kI haiN| nArI yAne mitra, mahilA yAne mArgadarzaka, abalA yAne vartamAna meM lAne vAlI, strI yAne puruSa ko saMyata karane vAlI, aMganA yAne zarIra hI nahIM AtmA ko batalAne vAlI, kumArI yAne sampattidAtrI, sutA yAne sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota, duhitA yAne apanA aura pati donoM kA hita sAdhane vAlI aura mAtR yAne jJAtA aura jJeya kI dhAriNI (pR.201-207) / ina arthoM meM kavi kI pratibhA kA camatkAra lakSita hotA hai| daNDa saMhitA : "prANadaNDa se /auroM ko to zikSA milatI hai, / parantu jise daNDa diyA jA rahA hai / usakI unnati kA avasara hI samApta / daNDasaMhitA isako mAne yA na mAne, krUra aparAdhI ko / krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai,/ nyAya mArga se skhalita honA hai / " (pR. 431 ) - cikitsAzAstra : 'svastha tana svastha mana' ke mantra kA samarthana karane vAle santa kavi ne elopaithika cikitsA kI apekSA Ayurvedika aura prAkRtika upacAra kA samarthana kiyA hai| mATI saba rogoM kA upacAra hai (pR. 405-406) / isI prakAra maNi, muktA, hIrA, pukharAja, sphaTika, mANika aura nIlama Adi asAdhya rogoM ke upacAraka haiM (pR. 411-412) tathA candana, ghRta, taila aura dugdha dAha-roga nAzaka haiM (pR. 413-414) / saMgIta : saMgIta ke sapta svaroM kI vyAkhyA kavi ne yoM kI hai| : " sA re ga ma yAnI / sabhI prakAra ke du:kha padha yAnI ! pada - svabhAva / ni yAnI nahIM, du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva - dharma nahIM ho sakatA / " (pR. 305 ) vAdya ke artha meM navInatA hai : "dhA" dhin dhina dhA / vetana- bhinnA cetana - bhinnA,... .. tA" tina tina tA / kA tana cintA, kA tana" cintA ?" (pR. 306 ) saMskRti : maMgala kalaza ko saMskArita karate samaya zilpI ne jo saMkhyAoM kA aMkana aura citroM kA citraNaM kiyA, vaha bhAratIya kalA ke utkRSTa namUne haiM / 9 kA aMka avinazvaratA, 99 ke aMka nazvaratA ke, 63 ke aMka triSaSThizalAkA puruSoM ke, 36 ke aMka virodha ke aura 363 ke aMka saMgharSa ke dyotaka haiN| kalaza para siMha, zvAna, kacchapa aura kharagoza ke, candra-binduyukta oMkAra aura svastika Adi ko aMkita kara kavi ne soddezya kalA ko prazraya diyA hai (pR. 166-176) / 'kara para kara do', 'maiM do galA', 'mara, hama marahama baneM' aura 'pramAda pathika kA parama zatru hai' jaise Alekha prabodha ke hetu haiN| kalaza ke gale meM likhita 'hI' kA akSara ekAnta darzana kA aura 'bhI' kA akSara anekAnta darzana hai| vijJAna : jala-plAvana ke dvArA sAgara ne dharatI para atyAcAra kiyA / dharatI ke mitra indra ne bAdaloM para vajra prahAra kiyA / bAdaloM ne vidyut prahAra kiyA, gar3agar3AhaTa se saura maNDala baharA ho gayA / bAdaloM ne olAvRSTi kii|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 103 sauramaNDala aura bhUmaNDala meM aNuyuddha chir3a gayA-Upara aNuzakti kAma kara rahI, nIce manu kI zakti vidyamAna / eka vijJAna hai / eka AsthA hai| Upara vAle ke pAsa kevala dimAga hai, vaha vinAza kA pATha par3ha sakatA hai (pR. 249) / isa prasaMga meM kavi ne vijJAna kI mAnasikatA kA bimba khIMcA hai / antarikSa yuddha ke pariNAma sarvanAzakArI hoMge, kavi kI yahI dhAraNA hai| vyAkaraNa : AcAryazrI vyAkaraNa ke prakANDa vidvAn haiN| unake mukha se zabdabrahma nirjhara kI bhA~ti ajasradhArA meM pravAhita hotA hai / zabdoM kI vyutpattiyoM se, zabda camatkAra se artha-bodha pratiSThApita karate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM saikar3oM sthala aise haiM jahA~ zabdoM kI paratoM se navIna prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA kI gaI hai| bAnagI dekhie- sahita kA bhAva hI sAhitya bAnA hai (pR. 111); 'kuM yAnI dharatI, 'bha' yAnI bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho, kumbhakAra kahAtA hai (pR. 28); 'na ari' nArI athavA ArI nahIM, so nArI (pR. 202); 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI, yati yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai, apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai (pR. 349); 'bhU'-sattAyAM' kahA hai nA, koSakAroM ne (pR. 399); sRj- dhAtu kI bhA~ti, bhinnabhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko jo nisarga kiyA, so sRjanazIla jIvana kA apavarga huA (pR. 483) / vyajaMka bhASA-zailI ___ AcAryazrI kI bhASA itanI sahaja aura lacIlI hai ki usakA arthabodha sAmAnyajana ko to bodhagamya hai, para vijJajanoM ke lie manana ko bAdhya karatA hai| loka pracalita muhAvaroM, kahAvatoM, sUktiyoM aura lokoktiyoM kA samAveza kAvya kI paMktiyoM meM jisa sahajatA se kiyA gayA hai, vaha kuzala bhASAzAstrI ko sarasa vANI kA abhisAra hai / layamayI muktachandoM kI saritA kahIM rAgamayI bana kSipratA se baha nikalatI hai to kahIM mRdu, manda manda, manthara manthara gati se bhAva gambhIratA meM lIna ho jAtI hai| "kachue kI cAla calanA, zataraMja kI cAla calanA, mana kI bAta mana meM rahanA, dogalA honA, lakSmaNa rekhA" jaise muhAvare layamayI bhASA ke mukhauTe haiN| "pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM" (pR. 14 evaM 482), "nAka meM dama kara rakkhA hai" (pR. 135), "nayA maMgala to nayA sUraja' (pR. 263), "bahatA pAnI aura ramatA jogI" (pR. 448), "zvAna kA zvAna ko dekhakara gurrAnA" (pR. 71)- jaisI kahAvatoM se bhASA kA zRMgAra huA hai| "bAyeM hiraNa dAyeM jAya-laMkA jIta rAma ghara Aya" (pR. 25), "AdhA bhojana kIjie, duguNA pAnI pIva, tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI, varSa savA sau jIva" (pR. 133), "mATI, pAnI aura havA, sau rogoM kI eka davA" (pR. 399), "bina mA~ge motI mile, mA~ge mile na bhIkha' (pR. 454) jaisI lokoktiyoM ne bhASA ko vyaMjaka banA diyA hai| "jaisI saMgati vaisI mati" (pR. 8), "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM, mUla ke binA cUla nahIM" (pR. 10), "pApI se nahIM, pApa se, paMkaja se nahIM, paMka se, ghRNA karo" (pR. 50), "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" (pR. 82), "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA, lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA, kUbata kama gussA jyAdA, lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA" (pR.135), "nAka meM dama kara rakkhA hai" (pR. 135), "utpAda-vyaya dhauvya-yuktaM sat/...AnA jAnA lagA huA hai" (pR. 184 -185), "artha kI A~kheM, paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM'(pR. 192), "vetana vAle vatana kI ora, kama dhyAna de pAte haiM, aura cetana vAle tana kI ora, kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM" (pR. 123), "zramaNa kA zRMgAra hI samatA-sAmya hai" (pR. 330) jaisI sUktiyA~ bhASA ko vyaMjita kara rahI haiM / varNa-viparyaya, varNa-viccheda, zabda-vigraha, zabda-viloma, padaccheda aura zabda krIr3A kI vAgvidagdhatA se AcAryazrI ne pada lAlitya ke dvArA 'mUkamATI' meM artha camatkAra utpanna kiyA hai / yathA- 'dayA-yAda, rAhI-hIrA, kharArAkha, lAbha bhalA, nadI-dIna' meM varNa-viparyaya dvArA; 'nArI-na+ari, gada+hA, kama+bala, nama+na, tapa+na, mahi+lA, aba+lA, dhara+tI, tIra+tha' jaise rUpoM meM pada-viccheda ke dvArA tathA 'mara+hama, ku+mA+rI, kAya+ratA, do+galA' jaise rUpoM dvArA zabda-vaicitrya utpanna kiyA hai, jisase artha camatkRta ho uThA hai / kAvyarUpa hone se mukta chandoM kA pravAha to layAtmaka hai hI, sAtha hI dohA, vasaMtatilakA jaise mAtrika, samamAtrika aura arddha samamAtrika chandoM kA
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________________ 104 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prayoga kRti ko rocaka banA detA hai / saMskRtaniSTha bhASA meM pravacanaparaka dRSTAntayukta saMvAda zailI meM kathAnaka ke rocaka vikAsa se kRti sArthaka ho uThI hai| kalAtmaka mahAkAvya, na ki pravacanAtmaka pravacanakAla meM pravacanakAra aura lekhanakAla meM lekhaka donoM atIta meM lauTa jAte haiM kintu sAhityika rasa ko ina donoM se adhika koI AtmasAt karatA hai, to vaha hai zraddhA se abhibhUta pravacana - zravaNa-kalA kuzala zrotA / AcAryazrI vidyA ke atalasparzI mahAsAgara haiM, jinake pagatala meM jJAna kI ananta ratnarAji bikharI par3I hai| isalie unake mukhAravinda se jo bhI uccarita hotA hai ve zabda, zabdajJAna ke bhAsvara ratna haiN| 'mUkamATI' svAnubhUtiyoM kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai / isameM nahIM hai ? santa kavi kA A~khoM dekhA saMsAra hai, usakA sat-asat rUpa hai, usa saMsAra kA itihAsa hai, usakA vartamAna hai aura hai bhaviSya kA svarUpa / mATI kI sAdhanA kA UrdhvamukhI phala anazvara sukha hai, zAzvata sukha ke adhikArI jar3acetanapAtra haiM tathA abhivyaMjanamayI bhASA meM vyakta vicAra, cetanA haiM / usa cetanA ke bhItara pravAhita darzana aura saMskRti ko saundarya se maNDita karane vAlI kalA hai| isa kalA ko rasAtmaka banAne vAle rasoM kA samAveza hai / vIra rasa ke utsAha se prArambha kara hAsya, raudra, krodha, bhaya, vismaya, zRMgAra, karuNA, bIbhatsa, vAtsalya kI saraNiyoM ko pAra karatA huA zilpI, rasa kA paripAka zAnta rasa meM karatA hai (pR. 160 ) / kalA sarasa ho jAtI hai| abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA aura tAtparyAkhyA zabda zaktiyA~ isa sarasa kalA-kAvya ko mulammA car3hA detI haiN| I kAvya kA Arambha saritA taTa kI vizAla prakRti paTI para huA hai, jahA~ kAvya kI nAyikA mATI, mA~ dharatI se prArthanA karatI hai ki unnata jIvana ke lie beTI ko ghara se vidA kre| uSA kI lAlimA ne usakA abhivAdana kiyA aura prakRti usakI sahacarI banakara usakA pAtheya bnii| prakRti ne kabhI mAnavI rUpa meM, kabhI uddIpana rUpa meM, kabhI pratIka rUpa meM, kabhI upadezikA ke rUpa meM aura kabhI sandezavAhikA ke rUpa meM aura kabhI raudra yA saumya rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' ko apanI sevAe~ dIM / kavi ne prakRti ke vividha rUpoM kA citraNa yathAprasaMga kiyA hai (pR. 1, 119, 199, 215, 228, 257, 261, 265, 227, 259-60, 423) / sardI, garmI aura varSA RtuoM ne bhI mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA meM sahAyatA kii| mATI meM pAnI dekara jaba zilpI ne usameM navaprANoM kA saMcAra kiyA, tabhI ThiThurAne vAlI zizira Rtu AI (pR. 6064) / kumbha ke jalatattva ko sukhAne ke lie jaba zilpI ne ghaTa ko dhUpa meM rakhA, taba prabhAkara kA pracaNDa rUpa, cilacilAtI dhUpa aura dhagadhagAtI lapaTeM tapana barasAne lagIM (pR. 177 - 184) / yaha grISma thii| maMgala ghaTa kA anugAmI zreSThI parivAra AtaMkavAda se paritrANa pAne ke lie jaba saritA taTa meM AyA, taba varSA Rtu ne vikarAla rUpa dikhAyAmUsaladhAra varSA hone lagI (pR. 438 - 439) / kavi ne isakA prAsaMgika kintu vistRta varNana kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke laukika alaMkAra alaukika ho gae haiN| sAmyamUlaka alaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA aura tulyayogitA ke prayogoM kI bharamAra hai / "kRSNa pakSa ke candramA kI -sI / dazA hai seTha kI " (pR. 351), "lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM/ DUbatI-sI kumudinI / prabhAkara ke kara- chuvana se / bacanA cAhatI hai vaha " (pR. 2), "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha / asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI / apane ghuTane Teka detA hai" (pR. 269 ) / zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa aura lATAnuprAsa ke dvArA zabda-camatkara vyaMjita haiM- "kisalaya ye kisalie/kisa laya meM gIta gAte haiM ?" (pR. 141), "kabhI-kabhI khuzI-ha~sI, / kabhI nizi maSi dikhI" (pR. 183), "bAdala dala cha~Ta gaye haiM/kAjala-pala kaTa gaye haiM/ varanA, lAlI kyoM phUTI hai" (pR. 440 ) aura "prabhA to prabhAvita huI, parantu, / prabhAkara kA parAkrama vaha / prabhAvita - parAbhUta nahIM huA" (pR. 200 ) / rAjanItika vyaMgyoM meM anyokti, sAmAjika pariveza meM prazna tathA dArzanika sandarbhoM meM sandehAlaMkAra kA khulakara prayoga huA hai| yadi bArIkI se vizleSaNa kiyA jAe to zAstroM meM parigaNita alaMkAroM se adhika alaMkAra isa mahAkAvya meM upalabdha ho jAe~ge /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 105 saMskRta kI komalakAnta padAvalI meM bhAvoM kI srotasvinI, nirmala pravAha meM anubhUtiyoM ke svaccha rUpoM kI abhivyakti ko santa kavi ne sahaja subodha aura sugama banAyA hai, jisase vaha abhivyakti pAThaka yA zrotA ko saralatA se samajha meM A jAtI hai| prati paMkti kA bhAva kathA, upakathA, saMvAda yA upadeza ke dvArA kavi ne spaSTa rUpa se samajhAyA hai kintu punarAvRtti se kavi bacA hai| isalie zramaNa saMskRtimUlaka dhAraNAoM ko bhI sahajatA se samajhA jA sakatA hai| kathA meM kahAnI-sI rocakatA, nirjIva aura sajIva pAtroM ke saMvAdoM meM nATakIyatA tathA zabdoM ke artha kI sarasa vyaMjanA isa mahAkAvya ko sunane-gunane kI AkAMkSA jAgrata karatI hai / rasoM kI sarasa vyaMjanA, prakRti kA sajIva citraNa, alaMkAroM kA camatkArika prayoga, bhASA kA pada lAlitya aura vANI kA arthagaurava 'mUkamATI' ko kalAkAvya ke Asana para virAjamAna kara dete haiN| yugacetanA kI abhivyakti AcAryazrI ne nirapekSa draSTA pravacanakAra ke rUpa meM samasAmayika mUlyoM para niSpakSa dRSTi DAlI hai| vyakti ke kusaMskAra, samAja kI viSamatA, rAjanItika, naitika aura dhArmika pAkhaNDoM para unhoMne paryApta kaTAkSa kie haiN| Apa jaba yaha likhate haiM ki "lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI/prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiM" (pR. 386), taba manuSya mAtra kI naitikatA para prahAra karate haiN| netAoM ke jhUThe AzvAsanoM para unakA kSobha draSTavya hai : "sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo/...kapaTatA kI paTutA ko/jalAMjali do|" (pR. 387) / paMjAba, kazmIra aura asama meM vyApta AtaMkavAda ke sambandha meM kavi kA sandeza hai : "sadaya bano !/adaya para dayA karo/abhaya bano !/...samaSTi jiyA karo !"(pR. 149) / lokatantra ke sambandha sambandha meM kavi kA abhimata hai ki "loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a/taba taka surakSita rahegA/jaba taka 'bhI' (anekAnta) zvAsa letA rahegA" (pa. 173), "prAya: bahamata kA pariNAma/yahI to hotA hai,/pAtra bhI apAtra kI koTi meM AtA hai" (pR. 382) / rAjanItika daloM kI sthiti para kavi kA cintana hai : "dalabahulatA zAnti kI hananI hai nA!" (pR. 197) / saba ke udaya kI bAta, 'jiyo aura jIne do' kI bAta ko nakArane vAle samAjavAda para santa kavi kI dhAraNA hai : "pracAra-prasAra se dUra/prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai|/smaajvaad samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM banoge" (pR. 461) / santa kavi ne dharma ke jhaNDAbaradAroM ko unake pAkhaNDamaya AcaraNa ke lie bhartsanA kI hai : "corI mata karo, corI mata karo/yaha kahanA kevala/dharma kA nATaka hai'' (pR. 468) / yugajIvana kI aisI ananta vicAraNAoM para kavi ne apane mantavya vyakta kie haiN| vivecanA 'mUkamATI' Adhunika yuga kA zreSTha sAMskRtika mahAkAvya hai / santa-kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ne zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa ke vyAja se mAnava saMskRti kI saMrakSA kA dAyitva grahaNa kiyA hai aura sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA se pare rahakara udAra dRSTikoNa se bhAratIya saMskRti ko abhivyakta kiyA hai / cetana-acetanoM meM AtmA kA saMcAra karake kavi ne mUkamATI kI pratIkAtmakatA ko prANImAtra kI mukti-yAtrA kA rUpaka banA diyA hai / kumbhakAra zilpI patha-pradarzaka guru hai, maMgala ghaTa sAMskRtika guru tathA zreSThI parivAra karmabaddha AtmA hai / bAdhaka hai AtaMkavAda, jo ahiMsA ke dvArA hRdaya ko parivartita kara nIrAga sAdhu ke sAnnidhya meM zramaNa sAdhanA ko apanAkara zAzvata sukha pAnA cAhatA hai| kavi kA mantavya kathAchalena jaina siddhAntoM kA prakAzana hai / kathA kA kalevara kSINa hai, prAsaMgika kathAe~ upadezAtmaka haiM, nirjIva pAtroM kA citraNa nATakIya hai, saMvAdoM meM vibhinna viSayoM kI paribhASAe~ dI gaI haiM, jo bodhagamya hokara bhI paramparAoM kA nava-mUlyAMkana karatI haiN| AcAryazrI santa haiM, bahujJa haiM, bahuzruta haiM aura saMyamazIla kavi haiN| unhoMne bahuta kucha par3hA hai, bahuta kucha likhA
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________________ 106 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai, bahuta kucha dekhA hai aura bahuta kucha gunA hai| isalie choTe-moTe racanAvidhAnoM meM aucityAtmaka saMghaTanA ko mahattva nahIM dete| 'mUkamATI' ke prathama tIna khaNDa to santulita haiM, kintu cauthA khaNDa tInoM khaNDoM ke jor3a kI pRSTha saMkhyA ke lagabhaga samAna hI pRSTha saMkhyAvAlA hai| cauthe khaNDa kA kathAnaka bhI vistRta hai| kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se saMghaTanaucitya kA nirvAha nahIM ho pAyA hai / AcAryazrI kA uddezya loka maMgala aura loka kalyANa kI sAdhanA hai / ve cAhate haiM ki samAja ko saba prakAra se saMskArita kiyA jaae| isalie unake pAsa jo hai, use ve jana-gaNa meM bA~Ta denA cAhate haiN| 'lo dharma, lo darzana, lo adhyAtma, lo karmakANDa, lo AcaraNazAstra, lo bhAratIya saMskRti, lo kAvya, lo kalA, lo rAjanIti, lo samAjanIti, lo daNDanIti, lo cikitsAzAstra, lo yuddhavidyA, lo vijJAna, lo vyAkaraNa, lo lokabhASA, lo lokatantra, lo samAjavAda, lo AcArazAstra, lo saba kucha jo maiM jAnatA hU~' kI abhivyakti ne 'mUkamATI' ko kAvya kI apekSA jJAnakoSa banA diyA hai / pAThaka yA zrotA par3ha-sunakara bAra bAra usakI paribhASAoM ko duharAtA hai| maMgala ghaTa kI sAja-sajjA ko parakhanA ho yA atithi- sAdhu ko bhojana - pAna karAnA ho to vidhi-vidhAna ke lie 'mUkamATI' ko sandarbhita karo / vastuta: yaha grantha jJAna kA bhaNDAra hai / AcAryazrI samaya samaya para pada - vihAra karate rahate haiM, ataH anubhUtiyoM kA akSaya koSa unake pAsa hai / ve vartamAna kI sAttvika cetanA ke pratyakSa draSTA haiM / 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAla kI tAtkAlika ghaTanAoM kA bimba usameM vidyamAna hai / vijJAna kI vibhISikA ke bimboM kA aMkana 'mUkamATI' meM huA hai| aNu-yuddha aura antarikSa-yuddha tathA navInatama AviSkAroM kA varNana kavi kI sajagatA kA pramANa hai / Azcarya hotA hai ki santa hokara bhI kavi sAMsArika kRtyoM kI pratyakSa anubhUti kaise citrita kara pAyA hai ? pratibhA kA varadAna hI 'mUkamATI' jaise zAstrIya mahAkAvya kI sarjanA kA upAdAna kAraNa hai / 'bhAva, bhASA, zailI aura prabhAva kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya vizva ke zreSTha mahAkAvyoM meM apanA sthAna banA legA' - merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai| acchA ho, isakA anuvAda sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM ho jAya, jisase bhAratavAsI yaha samajha sakeM ki santa kavi jJAna ke, vijJAna ke, sAhitya ke aura saMskRti ke kSetra meM kyAkyA yogadAna kara rahe haiN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ko merA namana, jinhoMne cintana aura darzana ko kalAtmaka saundarya se yukta kiyA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM / pRSTha 333-334 parAga- pyAsA bhramara-dala vaha bhrAmrI-vRtti kahI jAtI santoM kI !
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka soddezya mahAkAvya DaoN. ena. candrazekharana nAyara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI eka kavi se bar3hakara zreSTha jainAcArya haiM jo apane dharmAcaraNa meM niSThAvAn aura tadanusAra kaThora tapasvI haiN| prajJAcakSu, tapasyArata AcAryajI kavi kalpanA kI apUrva siddhi se bhI anugRhIta haiN| isalie loka jIvana ke prAkRtika upAdAnoM ke raMgoM se paramArtha ke rahasyoM kA mohaka citra taiyAra karane meM pUrNata: saphala bane haiN| isa sahaja abhivyakti ko yoga pariNAma kA varadAna mAna sakate haiN| yoga aura kavitva ke saMyoga se eka amara racanA kA praNayana huA hai !! yahI 'mUkamATI' hai| isa racanA kA mUlata: lakSya jIvana ko amaratva kA sandeza denA hai / ata: ise mAtra eka rocaka mahAkAvya na mAnakara eka apUrva evaM sAMskRtika tathA soddezya cetana pariNati mAnanA hI saMgata hogA / grantha ke 'mAnasa-taraMga' meM racanAkAra dvArA yaha sUcanA dI gaI hai ki isa kRti kA sRjana Izvara sambandhI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu huA hai : "kucha darzana, jaina-darzana ko nAstika mAnate haiM aura pracAra karate haiM ki jo Izvara ko nahIM mAnate haiM, ve nAstika hote haiN|" isa prakAra ke prastAvoM kA khaNDana karake yaha sthApita karanA jarUrI samajhA gayA hai ki uparyukta mAnyatA athavA prastAva jaina saMskRti kI saccAI ko na jAnakara kiyA jAtA hai| vAstava meM : "zramaNa-saMskRti ke sampoSaka jaina-darzana ne bar3I AsthA ke sAtha Izvara ko parama zraddheya-pUjya ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM nhiiN| ...brahmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai, isa mAnyatA ko chor3anA hI AstikatA hai|" isa prakAra yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jaina darzana, nAstika darzanoM ko sahI dizAbodha denevAlA eka Adarza Astika darzana hai| isa siddhAnta ko samarthana dene vAle katipaya upaniSad sUktoM ko uddhRta karake yaha sthApita karane kI ceSTA kI hai ki yathArtha meM Izvara ko sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM svIkAranA hI, use nakAranA hai aura yahI nAstikatA hai| 'tejobindu upaniSad' kI nimna kArikAe~ spaSTata: batAtI haiM : 0 "rakSako viSNurityAdi brahmA sRSTastu kAraNam / " (5/51) "saMhAre rudra ityevaM sarva mithyeti nizcinu / " (5/52). sAre brahmANDa ko eka rasa, cit svarUpa aura caitanya rUpa mAnane vAlA 'tejobindu upaniSad' eka krAntikArI siddhAnta hai| "akhaNDaikarasaM sarvaM cinmAtramiti bhAvayet cinmAtra eva cinmAtramakhaNDaikarasaM param / bhavavarjitacinmAnaM sarvaM cinmAtrameva hi idaM ca sarvaM cinmAtramayaM cinmayameva hi // " parama tattva akhaNDa, eka rasa yukta aura caitanya mAtra hai / saba, saMsAra rahita sArA dRzya aura adRzya cinmAtra hai| mAtra cinmAtra hai / yaha sArA cinmAtra hai, mAtra cinmAtra / asaMkhya kArikAoM se isa tattva kA puna: puna: samarthana kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA parama tattva bhI zuddha cetanA athavA cinmAtra hai / isakI vyAkhyA yaha hai : "jisake prati-prasaMga-paMkti se puruSa ko preraNA milatI hai- susupta caitanyazakti ko jAgrata karane kI; jisane varNa-jAti-kula Adi vyavasthA-vidhAna ko nakArA nahIM hai parantu janma ke bAda
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________________ 108 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AcaraNa ke anurUpa, unameM ucca-nIcatA rUpa parivartana ko svIkArA hai| isIlie 'saMkara-doSa' se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha varNa-lAbha ko mAnava jIvana kA audArya va sAphalya mAnA hai|" ata: avirAma nirantaratA aura yAtrA kleza ko vismRta kara tattva ko anta meM svIkAra karatA hai jIva / "sIpa kA nahIM, motI kA/dIpa kA nahIM, jyoti kA sammAna karanA hai aba!/cetana bhUla kara tana meM phUle dharma ko dUra kara, dhana meM jhUle/sImAtIta kAla vyatIta huA isI mAyAjAla meM,/aba kevala avinazvara tattva ko samIpa karanA hai,/samAhita karanA hai apane meM, basa !" (pR. 307) mATI kI patita avasthA ko dekhakara usakA mahattva kama karake dekhanA nahIM caahie| vaha usa bIja kA sakSamarUpa hai jo saMyoga se phUTa nikalatA hai aura mahAkAya vaTa vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / lekina usa bIja ko dekhakara koI mAmUlI cakSu usI virATa rUpI vaTa vRkSa kI kalpanA nahIM kara sktaa| _ jIva kI sAkSAt gati tabhI hotI hai, jaba vaha sAdhanA ke patha para se jAtA hai / yaha, andhakAramaya saMsAra meM virale hI sambhava hotA hai| sAdhanA patha svIkAra karanA koI sugama kArya to nahIM hai, jabaki pApa kA kAma karane para bhI use puNya rUpa phala kI kAmanA hai| aura pApa kA kAma karanA AsAna bhI hai : "puNyasya phalamicchanti, puNyaM necchanti mAnavaH / na pApaphalamicchanti, pApaM kurvanti ytntH||" hA~, yahI dikhAI detA hai : "ise kalikAla kA prabhAva hI kahanA hogA/kiMvA andhakAra-maya bhaviSya kI AbhA,/jo/maulika vastuoM ke upabhoga se vimukha ho rahA hai saMsAra !/aura/laukika vastuoM ke upabhoga meM pramukha ho rahA hai, dhikkAra !" (pR. 411) Adhunika jIvana meM miTTI kA mahattva vismRta ho gayA hai / manuSya kA zarIra svayaM miTTI rUpa hai / usa miTTI ke sAtha manuSya kA sambandha bichur3a gayA hai / jo kRSaka miTTI ke sAtha jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, vaha hRSTa-puSTa rahatA hai| use dekha roga bhayabhIta ho jAte haiN| usake ghara meM miTTI ke bartana haiM aura usakA ghara bhI miTTI se lipA-putA hai / para, Aja ke sabhya jIvana meM usa kisAna kI ginatI nhiiN| miTTI kA mahattva na jAnane vAlA Adhunika sabhyatAbhimAnI mAnava aneka rogoM se pIr3ita hai / usI krama se anaginata auSadhiyA~ bhI nirmita huI haiN| "auSadhiyoM kA sahI mUlya/roga kA zamana hai|/koii bhI auSadhi ho honAdhika mUlya vAlI hotI nahIM,/tathApi/zrImAnoM, dhImAnoM kI AsthA isase viparIta rIta vAlI huA karatI hai, aura jo / bahu-mUlya auSadhiyoM para hI TikI milatI hai|" (pR. 408) Aja ke samAja ne kahA~ socA hai : "ahiMsA-paraka cikitsA-paddhati/jIvita rahe cir|" (pR. 409)
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________________ rogoM se vimukta rahane kA krama sahaja hI apanAnA hai| : "yoga ke kAla meM bhoga kA honA / roga kA kAraNa hai, / aura bhoga ke kAla meM roga kA honA / zoka kA kAraNa hai / " (pR. 407 ) jaba manuSya sajaga rahatA hai aura prajJAvAn rahatA hai taba usakI vANI bhI sarvasAdhAraNa zruti kA viSaya ho rahatI hai : " satpuruSoM se milane vAlA / vacana - vyApAra kA prayojana / parahita - sampAdana hai ... tAlu -kaNTha- rasanA Adi ke yoga se / jaba bAhara AtI hai vahI madhyamA, jo sarva-sAdhAraNa zruti kA viSaya ho / vaikharI kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 402 ) parAzakti kA cinmAtra rUpa yogiyoM ke lie jJeya hai / tabhI vaha tejomaya rUpa meM bAhara prakaTa hotA hai / D "parA pratyak citirUpA pazyantI paradevatA / madhyamA vaikharI rUpA bhaktamAnasahaMsikA || " ( lalitA sahasranAma ) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 109 D " pazyantIva na kevalamUrttINA nApi vaikharIva bahiH sphuTataranikhilAvayavA vAgrUpA madhyamA || " ( yoga zAstra) yaha sudIrgha sAdhanA kA phala hai : " tribhuvana-jetA tribhuvana - pAla / oMkAra kA upAsana bhItara-hI-bhItara cala hI rahA hai / " (pR. 401 ) yahI Anandamaya hai ('Anandamayo'bhyAsAt ' - brahmasUtra, 12) / 'taittarIyopaniSad' meM brahmAnanda vallI kI ukti ke anusAra Anandamaya ko anya kisI antarAtmA kI sUcanA nahIM milatI / "yato vAco nivarttante aprApya manasA saha / AnandaM brahmaNo vidvAn na bibheti kutazcaneti // " (taittarIya) jahA~ se mana ke hI sAtha vANI bhI usase na milakara lauTatI hai usa brahmAnanda ko jAnane vAlA kisI se bhayabhIta nahIM hotA / yahA~ Ananda hI brahma hai / loka tattvoM, AdhyAtmika tattvoM aura yoga tattvoM se gumphita evaM sAragarbhita yaha mahAkAvya hindI ke mahAkAvyoM meM akelA santa kAvya hai- pratipAdana meM, vastu cayana meM, uddezya meM / 'sarasa- komala - kAnta padAvali' kI ukti isa racanA kI anuvartinI hai / eka taponiSTha yogI ke bhItara zabdoM kA itanA bar3A bhaNDAra ! isa racanA ko kendra mAnakara aneka sArthaka viSayoM para zodha kArya sambhava hai / saMpUjya mahAyogI AcArya vidyAsAgara ko merA vinamra namaskAra / pRSTha 370 lo, dIpaka kI lAla lau.... samagratA se sAkSAtkAra!
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________________ 'mUkamATI': divya mAnava kA apratima kAvyAvadAna DaoN. sUrya nArAyaNa dvivedI 'mUkamATI' nAma se spaSTa hai ki kRti kA varNya viSaya atyanta sAmAnya stara se cunA gayA hai, kintu apanI pratiSThA meM asAmAnya, divya evaM apratima bhI hai / vAstava meM jisa ora sAmAnya kavi kA dhyAna bhI nahIM jAtA, asAmAnya pratibhAe~ vahA~ se aise sthala nikAla letI haiM, jo koyale ko hIre meM badalane jaisI sthiti jaisA hotA hai| sAtha hI asAmAnya logoM meM bhI aise parama sAdhaka hote haiM jo na kevala sAmAnya meM asAmAnyatA ko DhU~r3ha lete haiM apitu usameM vijar3ita kintu parama saMvedanAtmaka vaicArika vaibhava evaM vicArAtmaka saMvedanAoM se sIdhe jur3akara suvicArita ramaNIya rUpa meM usakA aisA AgAna karate haiM ki mAnavIya cetanA ko unake prayAsa evaM ananya sAdhAraNatA para sukhada vismaya hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' ko sAmane pAkara zIrSaka se pratipAdana taka ke pratyeka stara para mujhe aisA hI lgaa| nahIM jAnatA paramAcArya vidyAsAgara kI svayaM kI AdhyAtmika U~cAI kyA hai ? aura yaha bhI nahIM ki unhoMne aura kyA-kyA, aura kaisA likhA hai ? para 'mUkamATI' merI dRSTi meM akelI vaha kRti ho sakatI hai jo unake bhItara baiThe divya mAnava kI eka jhalaka de ske| ___ 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana apratyAzita to nahIM para gahana saMvedanAtmaka anubhUti kI akRtrima abhivyakti avazya hai| mATI jo kaviyoM ke sRjana kA apane urvara rUpoM, guNoM, AkRtiyoM evaM prakRtiparaka avadAnoM ke kAraNa cAhe uddIpaka rahI ho, para vibhAva rUpa meM evaM Alambana vibhAva ke rUpa meM usakA grahaNa virale hI racanAkAroM ne kiyA hai / sunA hai, katipaya avatAroM evaM tIrthaMkaroM taka ne mATI kA svAda liyA thA aura kaI-kaI racanAkAroM ne kavi prauDhokti ke rUpa meM yA kavi nibaddha vakta prauDhokti rUpa meM usakA varNana bhI kiyA hai| para mATI kI pIr3A se kisI kA nAtA nahIM. aura vaisA to ekadama sAmane nahIM AyA jaisA AcAryapravara vidyAsAgara ne kiyA hai / mATI kI jar3atA jagat prakhyAta hai aura usakI mUkatA to aura bhI / kyoMki mATI se jur3A cetana samudAya usakA sammAna kare yA apamAna; satprayoga kare yA duSprayoga, usakI asAdhAraNa cuppI kisI se chipI nahIM para usakI isa nirIhatA kI ora kisakA dhyAna gayA ? saca to yaha hai ki aisA prayAsa aise mahApuruSa ke dvArA sambhava hai jo pAvanatama, samAdhistha sthiti meM vastuoM, vyaktiyoM, sthitiyoM evaM bhAvanAoM kA vaicArika pratyakSa kreN| munIndra zrI vidyAsAgara isa prayAsa meM isIlie kRtakArya ho sake haiM, kyoMki unhoMne sAdhanA evaM ArAdhanA ke bala para aisI zakti pA lI hai jo unheM na kevala jar3a evaM cetana ke Antara se jor3atI hai apitu svayaM unake hRdaya ko nirargala bhAvukatA se jor3atI huI abhivyaktimukhI bhI ho sakI hai| maiM sAhasa ke sAtha yaha bAta kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki nIMva se pAvanatama nirmiti taka isa prakAra kAvyAtmaka rUpa meM sRjana nizcita hI AcArya vidyAsAgara kA abhinava prayoga hai, jahA~ binA kisI asat Agraha, durAgraha yA pUrvAgraha ke bAta ko usakI sampUrNa AkRti meM, zabdoM meM vinyasta karane kA sIdhA prayatna hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki vaha prayAsa kAvyazAstrIya parisImAoM meM ba~dhatA hai yA nhiiN| prAcIna se arvAcIna taka kI phailI lambI paramparA ke dvArA sujhAe (kAvyAtmaka) upakaraNoM kA, chandoM kA, prabandha bandha kA usameM prayoga hai yA nahIM, paramparita samIkSakoM ko 'mUkamATI' ke par3hate samaya ThIka-ThIka vahI bAteM mileMgI yA nahIM-merA kathana hai ki ve bhI yahA~ haiM para sabase bar3I jo cIz2a yahA~ milI vaha hai pratipAdya kI yathArtha abhivyakti / vaise 'mUkamATI' nava zabda-vidhAna, alaMkRti viziSTArtha, zailI, vaicArikatA, bhAvavaibhava ko DhU~r3hane vAloM ko nirAza nahIM karatI, para aise tattvAbhinivezI racanAkAra meM vaha bhI DhU~DhA jAnA cAhie jisane eka parama virAgI, saMsAra se uparata mahAmAnava ko lekhana kI dizA meM prerita kiyA hai| aura vaha hai mAnava jIvana kI vibhISikAoM se guz2arane vAle jana-sAmAnya ke prANoM meM nae evaM prANadAyI AzvAsana ko rekhAMkita karanA / ghaTa nirmANa se pahale usa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 111 mATI kI pratipada pIr3aka yAtrA ke pratyeka stara ke prati avadhAnabaddha hokara anubhUti ke stara para pratyakSIkRta tattva sampadA kA zabdoM ke sammUrtana 'mUkamATI' meM kama vismayAvaha nahIM / vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' kA racanA phalaka apane lie nae AyAma kA sRjana karatA hai / ataeva usakI samIkSA ke lie eka paramodAra samIkSA dRSTi kI AvazyakatA banatI hai / 'mUkamATI' mAnavIya viveka kI naI parateM kholane kA prayAsa hai, jo use na kevala nae AyAmoM se paricita karAtI hai apitu jIvana vikAsa kI vividha paridhiyoM kI sImAoM, sahajatAoM, kaThinAiyoM, sAdhanAoM evaM lakSya ke prati avadhAnabaddha yAtrAoM ko isa prakAra apane bIca bA~dhatI hai ki adhyetA kA mAnasa apekSita dizA meM calatA huA racanAkAra ke kathya kA anAyAsa pratyakSa kara pAtA hai / usakA mastiSka racanA kI sahajatA ke sAtha itanA ekameka ho jAtA hai ki vaha kavitA par3ha rahA hai yA kathya kI sahajatA kA sAkSAtkAra - yaha antara usake Antara se antarhita hotA huA kRti evaM kRtikAra se usakI tanmayatA ko jor3a pAne meM saphala hotA hai / aura yaha saba kucha mUlataH racanAkAra ke mUla saMkalpa kI akRtrima abhivyakti kI hI pariNati hai jo apane adhyetA ko aura saba kucha (kAvya-akAvya, , lokaaloka, sAmAnya-asAmAnya) se haTAkara kRti ke lakSya ke pratipala samarpita hone meM sahAyatA karatI hai / 'mUkamATI' paramparita kAvyAtmaka dhAraNAoM se Age bar3ha kara abhivyakti dene vAlI racanA hai, jahA~ bhAva, vicAra, kalpanA evaM zailI ke prati pAThaka kA Agraha na hokara kRtikAra ke kathya kI ora hotA hai / vaha usameM DhU~r3hane meM vyasta ho jAtA hai ki racanA kahanA kyA cAhatI hai ? racanAkAra jIvana kI kisa abhedya granthi kA bhedana karanA cAhatA hai ? mAnavIya cetanA ke kisa stara para khar3A hokara vaha kisa rahasya se ulajhatA evaM usake dvArA kisa pariNAma para pahu~ca pAtA hai ? prAyaH racanAkAroM ko kAvyAtmaka pratipAdana ke vyAmoha meM lakSya ke prati pUrNa samarpita na hokara kalAtmaka pradarzana, ukti vaicitrya, alaMkRti, bimba, pratIka evaM mithaka vidhAna meM ulajhate dekhA gayA hai| aise meM kathya ke prati unakA rujhAna usa taraha kA nahIM raha jAtA jo ki kAvya kA lakSya, abhivyakti kI abhIpsA honI caahie| 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra kA pratipAdana nizcita hI isa dizA meM bhI apratima hai / saba kucha kAvyAtmaka paddhati para hone para bhI na to racanAkAra kA abhimAna hai aura na kRti ko kAvyAtmaka banAne kA prayAsa hI / apanI bAta kahI jA rahI hai, vaha kAvyAtmaka bane to bane, sacchanda bane yA svacchanda, alaMkRti hai yA analaMkRta - jaise bhI ho mUla bAta adhyetA ta pahu~canI caahie| isa amAnI sthiti meM mUla kathya ko mAna dene kI yaha paddhati racanAkAra kI apratima pratibhA kI ora saMketa karatI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kathya sAkSI hai ki vaha paramparita kathAnakoM kI navya yA prAcIna zrRMkhalA se sarvathA bhinna hai / vAstava meM vaha eka aisA kalpa hai jo anveSaka manISA se mATI kI Abhyantara zakti, sImA evaM vistAra se jur3akara ghaTa ke sAMga sRjana evaM upayogitA taka jur3atA evaM usakI racanA meM samAe rahasya saMbhAra kA mAnasa evaM prAjJa pratyakSa karatA hai / yadi koI cAhe to isa prakAra ke kAvya bandha ko samAsokti paddhati para nirmita mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM le sakatA hai, kyoMki ghaTa nirmiti se sArI parIdhiyoM meM mRttikA evaM ghaTa kA hI yahA~ sahaja saMvedya svarUpa kRti meM pallavita hai, jo 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana'; 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dIsI rAkha' jaise zIrSakoM meM sAmane AtA hai| dUsarI ora mAnava ko pUrNa mAnava banane se pUrva kisa prakAra tapa, tyAga, saMyama ke krama meM vairAgya bhAvanA kI puSTi ke lie dvAdaza anuprekSAoM - anityatA, azaraNatva, saMsaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, azucitva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjaratva, loka, bodhidurlabhatva evaM dharmAnuprekSA se guz2arate hue paMca mahAvratoM - ahiMsA, amRSA, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha se saMyukta honA paramAvazyaka hotA hai| yaha na hone para ghaTa kA sampUrNa vikAsa jaise apuSTa raha jAtA hai vaise hI mAnava kA bhI mahAmAnavatva samagratA kI upalabdhi nahIM kara pAtA / AcAryapravara vidyAsAgara kI yaha
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________________ 112 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mahAn kRti una tathyoM ko sameTatI huI mAnava ke sRjana ke sAtha hI usakI sampUrNa vikAsa saraNI ko ujAgara karatI hai| isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' na kevala ghaTa kI kathA hai apitu mAnavIya vikAsa kI kathA bhii| 'mUkamATI' na kevala naI kathya paramparA sthApita karatI hai apitu apane sRjana ke lie naI dharatI bhI taiyAra karatI hai, arthAt nava gati, nava laya, tAla chanda nava, saba kucha nayA-nayA / vaha eka nae bhAvasparza evaM viveka kI pAvana pariNati ke sparza se pulakita racanA kA AkAra letI hai, jahA~ paramparita lIka se haTakara achUte upamAnoM, anAsvAdita bimboM, amRtakalpa pratIkoM evaM bhAva na kevala jIvanta, nitya nUtana kintu sarvathA vizvasanIya bhAvoM kI eka zRMkhalA milatI hai| hamArA pUrvavartI saMskAra yadi kisI kRti meM apanI pUrva pravartita zAstrIya saraNI ko nahIM pAtA to nirAza hokara nae ko nakArane se nahIM cuuktaa| ataeva kisI apratima evaM sahaja kRti meM bhI paramparita rUpa meM prAkRtika paridRzyoM, paribhASita jIvana darzana, paramparita sajana sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA anapAlana. alaMkAra vidhAna, zabda sAdhanA, sAhitya ke AdhArabhata ghise-piTe siddhAntoM kA saMgamana jaise tattva ko DhU~r3hanA cAhate haiM, jabaki 'mUkamATI' jaisI racanAe~ RSikalpa mahAn AtmA kI akRtrima bhASA meM sahaja abhivyakti hotI hai, artha jisakA anugamana karatA hai| "RSINAM punarAdyAnAM vAcamartho'nudhAvati' (uttararAmacaritam-1/10)- arthAt AcArya vidyAsAgara jaise logoM kI racanAe~ zabda pradhAna hotI haiM, artha jahA~ unake dvArA abhivyakta zabdoM kA anugamana karatA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke zabda apane bhItara aisI USmA chipAe calate haiM ki sahRdaya ko paga-paga para usake viziSTArtha kI tahoM taka pahu~cane ke lie eka bAra mAtra par3ha lene se santoSa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki jaise-jaise usakI AvRttiyA~ hoMgI, nae artha evaM AyAma prakaTa hokara medhA kI satahoM kI zakti parIkSA lete-se lagate haiM ki hamane use kitane stara taka samajhA evaM AtmasAt kiyaa| vAstava meM aisI racanAe~ eka bAra par3hakara cupacApa granthAlaya kI zobhA bar3hAne ke lie nahIM hotIM apitu unameM nihita satya evaM tathya ko pAne kI lAlasA meM unakA bAra-bAra Alor3ana karanA hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' mAnavIya jIvana ke sudhare sRjana kI gItA hai, jisakA anavarata adhyayana evaM cintana dvArA usake kathya kA adhigamana nizcita hI sAdhaka ko vicAra se vyavahAra taka kI sArI paridhiyoM ko pratipada ujAgara kregaa| kama se kama maiMne to ise isI rUpa meM pAyA hai| ___ vaikharI vANI meM jo kucha abhivyakta hotA hai nizcita hI vaha madhyamA kA sahasrAMza bhI nahIM hotA / madhyamA isalie ki pazyantI ke Azrita hotI hai aura pazyantI svayaM parA ke, ataeva parA kA mUla evaM svata: prakAza svarUpa mAtra sphuliMga rUpa meM hI aparA vANiyoM kA viSaya banatA hai| mUkatA eka aisI rahasyamayI sthiti hai, jahA~ parA kA svata:prakAza apane sampUrNa rUpa meM vidyamAna hotA hai| aise prakAza meM anubhati kI saghanatA itanI saMzliSTa hotI hai ki aparA vANiyA~ usake vividha stara-sahRdaya kI AnubhUtika, bauddhika evaM mAnasika U~cAI ke krama meM prakAzita kara pAtI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana aisA hI eka kalpa lagatA hai, jisako jitanI bAra par3hA jAya, jitane staroM meM par3hA jAya, pAThaka kI Antara evaM bAhya yogyatA ke anusAra evaM prativAra arthoM kI vividha kuNDaliyA~ khulatI haiM / atyanta dhIra, gambhIra krama meM pravAhita isa racanA kA sIdhe zabdoM meM na mUlyAMkana sambhava hai aura na sapATa anubhUti hii| bhAva, vicAra, kalpanA evaM bimba vidhAna ke vividha AkAra isa rUpa meM yahA~ saMzliSTa mileMge ki racanAkAra kI AnubhUtika gaharAI, vaicArika cinmayatA evaM divya kalpanA zakti para Azcarya honA svAbhAvika hai / jaisA pahale hI kahA gayA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kA pratyeka adhyAya eka parama rahasya chipAe par3A hai- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha;' 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' jaise saMketa merI bAta ko pramANita karate haiN| svayaM racanAkAra ke zabdoM meM : "zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !!/vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI avazya milegI/magara/mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !" (pR. 488)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 113 rekhAMkita padoM se racanAkAra kI AsthA hI nahIM, patha ke bhI saMketa milate haiN| anubhUti kA vaikharI meM utarane kA eka nizcita krama hai, jo zraddhA (AsthA) vizvAsa se sahakRta hokara hI racanAkAra ke icchita viziSTa ko AkAra detA hai| parA, pazyantI evaM madhyamA ke staroM ko pAra kie binA vaha sambhava kahA~ hai ? isIlie eka pUrA adhyAya hI bodha evaM zodha kI prakriyA kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAtA huA, sahRdaya kI cetanA ke trividha staroM ko chUtA evaM mAnavIya maMgalAzA kA vidhAna karatA hai / isa rUpa meM vaha mAnavIya viveka kI achUtI paratoM kA sparza karatA huA, nae bhAvabodha ko vahA~ jar3a ke bhI sUkSmatama cetanA saMskAroM ko sahaja bodhagamyatA se jor3atA hai / spaSTa hI 'mUkamATI' kI pratyeka paMkti sAyAsa nahIM, sahaja bodha evaM sahajAnubhUti se jur3I hai| vahA~ na alaMkriyA kA prayAsa hai aura na bAhya cAkacikya ke moha meM bAtoM ko vizeSa bhaMgimA se kahane kA prayatna / balki parA kI sIdhI, sahaja, ziva evaM sundara abhivyakti hI kAmya hai / mahAn racanAkAra ke pAsa itanA mahattvapUrNa, sUkSma evaM gambhIra kahane ko hotA hai ki zabdoM ko unake abhiprAyoM ke anurUpa svayaM evaM ahaMparviva kayA pIche-pIche dauDanA paDatA hai| "RSINAM panarAdyAnAM vAcamartho'nadhAvati"- bhavabhati ne yaha ThIka hI kahA thA / 'mUkamATI' meM aisA pada-pada para mila rahA hai| AcAryazrI ko itanA adhika dene kI lAlasA hai ki zabda yojanA, vAkya krama evaM kAvyAtmakatA ke sandarbha meM bahuta kucha dekhane kA na avasara hai aura na anivAryatA hI, kyoMki jaba vANI svayaM unakI abhivyakti kA anugamana karatI ho, svata: hI vahA~ guNa, alaMkAra, rasa, dhvani kA samAveza itane sahaja DhaMga se banatA jA rahA hai ki yadi koI cAhe to usa dRSTi se bhI usakA adhyayana, vizleSaNa kara sakatA hai| para merA spaSTa mata hai ki pracalita kAvyAtmaka dhAraNAoM se Upara uThakara isa kRti ko dekhane se hI isa mahAn racanA ke prati nyAya ho skegaa| kAvyazAstra ke paramaviziSTa AcArya Anandavarddhana ne 'dhvanyAloka' meM ThIka hI kahA hai : "pratAyantAM vAco nimitavividhArthAmRtarasA na sAdaH kartavyaH kavibhiranavadye svaviSaye / parasvAdAnecchAviratamanaso vastu sukaveH sarasvatyevaiSA ghaTayati yatheSTaM bhagavatI // " (4/17) 'mUkamATI' meM cetanA bimbAtmaka stara se lekara mAnasika, bauddhika evaM cittIya U~cAI taka alaga-alaga staroM para isa rUpa meM prasRta hai ki koI isake bAhya AkAra se hI yadi paricaya pAkara lauTa jAya to use nizcita hI kucha bhI hAtha na lNgegaa| para jyoM hI vaha Abhyantara paratoM-dara-paratoM se jur3egA aura jitanI bAra jur3egA taba vyakti, samAja, nIti, adhyAtma evaM vyavahAra Adi kisI bhI stara para use uttamottama upalabdhiyA~ hoNgii| hA~, itanI sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai ki asad Agraha yA taTastha bhAva se na jur3A jAya / eka mahAn puruSa kI vANI meM isa racanA ko mAtra gaurava ke kAraNa nahIM, balki isake reze-reze ko tapAkara, chinna kara, kasauTI para kasakara yuga ke mahAn samIkSaka dekheM: "tApAcchedAcca nikaSAt suvarNamiva paNDitaiH / parIkSyattad vaco grAhyaM vidvAMso naiva gauravAt // " pRSTha370. dIpaka le cala sakatA hai.... -...-A~kheM bhI banda ho jAtI haiN| untiy
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________________ mUkamATI ke mamatIle svaradAtA : AcArya vidyAsAgara pro. (DaoN.) padmazrI lakSmI nArAyaNa dube AcArya vidyAsAgara Adhunika rASTrIya santa haiM, isalie ve z2amIna se jur3e haiM aura mUka mATI ko svara evaM vANI pradAna karate haiM / madhyakAlIna santoM kI do vizeSatAe~ rahI haiM--eka to unhoMne janabhASA kA prayoga kiyA aura dUsare bhArata kI mATI ke sAtha sAMskRtika nyAya kiyA / isI samRddha, punIta evaM sAttvika paramparA kA saphala evaM sArthaka nirvAha AcArya vidyAsAgara meM milatA hai / unakA vyaktitva evaM kartRtva sAdhanA kI uccatara sIr3hiyoM para satata Arohya kA Aloka bindu hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara kA janma karnATaka meM huA aura ve ahindI bhASAbhASI haiM parantu unhoMne rASTrabhASA hindI kI apUrva evaM aitihAsika sevA kI hai| ve caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI paramparA ko vikasita tathA pragatizIla banAte haiM tAki janatA kI bhASA meM janatA kI bAta kahI jAya / isIlie mahAvIra svAmI ne devavANI saMskRta ko asvIkAra karake prAkRta ko mAnyatA dI, kyoMki ve 'noTa' tathA 'voTa' kI bhASA meM pArthakya upasthita nahIM karanA cAhate the| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI racanAe~ sirpha hindI meM hI nahIM milatI haiM apitu unhoMne apane bahubhASAvid hone ke pramANa svarUpa saMskRta, prAkRta, baMgalA evaM aMgrejI meM bhI apanI sarvatomukhI pratibhA ko abhivyakti pradAna kI hai| ve marmI kavi, saphala anuvAdaka, zAstrajJa, vidvAn tathA cintaka bhI haiM / unhoMne apane vAGmaya ko hita-mita-vacanAmRta se jana-kalyANa meM nirata kara diyA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI sAhitya-tapasyA kA utkarSa kalaza unake mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' meM milatA hai jo ki Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka ullekhanIya upalabdhi hai / isa sRjana ke mUla meM yaha bhAva hai ki sAttvika sAnnidhya pAkara rAgAtireka se bharapUra zRMgAra rasa ke jIvana meM bhI vairAgya kA ubhAra AnA, jisameM laukika alaMkAra alaukika alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hue haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke mUla svara haiM : "...sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara, bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai|" isa mahAn kRti meM cAra khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa saMkara nahIM, varNa-lAbha ko lekara calatA hai / dvitIya khaNDa meM zabda so bodha nahIM, bodha so zodha nahIM kA mUlabhAva hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM puNya kA pAlana evaM pApa-prakSAlana kA eka sAmayika muddA hai| caturtha khaNDa meM agni kI parIkSA aura cA~dI-sI rAkha ko niSkarSa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM mUkamATI maMgala ghaTa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| dharma-darzana tathA adhyAtma ke sAra ko Aja kI racanAdharmitA meM DhAlA gayA hai / isake kendra meM hai mAnava, jisake kAraNa yaha racanA AdhunikatA tathA pragatizIlatA se bhI ApUrNa ho gaI hai / lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM kI yaha kRti mahAkAvya kI garimA, udAtta sthiti tathA mahattA se isalie vibhUSita nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha mahAkAya hai apitu mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNoM ke atirikta, isameM usakI virATatA tathA gaurava bhI nihita hai| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne rAjakumArI candanabAlA ke mAdhyama se samasta nArI jAti ke prati apanI niSThA vyakta kI thii| yahI sthiti isa mahAkAvya meM bhI parilakSita hai| AcAryazrI ne mahilAoM ke prati apanI Adara bhAvanA ko zAlInatA ke sAtha piroyA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 115 mana, vacana, kAya (zarIra) kI nirmalatA se, zubha kAryoM ke sampAdana se, lokakalyANa kI kAmanA se puNya upArjita hotA hai / isa kRti meM eka macchara ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika dAyitva bodha karAyA gayA hai / ise sacamuca meM Adhunika jIvana ke abhinava zAstra ke rUpa meM grahaNa karanA cAhie / yaha AcArya vidyAsAgara kI prajJA kA sarvazreSTha kalpavRkSa hai / isakA adhyayana evaM manana paritoSadAyI evaM sphUrtipradAtA hai / lokajIvana ke aneka muhAvaroM kA bhASA meM sahaja tathA sarala prayoga karake, mahAkavi ne sacamuca mATI ke sAtha aucityapUrNa nyAya kiyA hai| nava rasoM ke paripAka ke sAtha hI saMgIta kI antaraMga prakRti se yaha mahAkAvya anusyUta hai| 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se vartamAna kuNThAgrasta evaM santrAsa se pIr3ita manuSya ko nae sAttvika prANa evaM cetanAkendra die gae haiM / yaha Adhunika bodha meM adhyAtma ke mahattva ko samAhita karane vAlI parama kRti hai, jisakA hArdika svAgata kiyA jAnA caahie| maiM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA abhinandana karatA hU~ ki unhoMne hindI sAhitya ko eka atyanta bahumUlya, cirasmaraNIya, mAnaka tathA vandanIya kRti kA avadAna diyA aura hamArI mahAkAvya kI paramparA, jo ki 'mAnasa', 'sAketa' tathA kAmAyanI' se sampuSTa huI hai, use vAstavika rUpa meM 'caraiveti caraiveti' kA mUla mantra pradAna kiyA hai| yaha mahAkAvya preya se zreya kI sArthaka yAtrA karatA hai / yaha mahAkAvya ko bhI mahAkAvya kA Adarza batAtA hai / isa prakAra kI racanAoM se Aja kI mAnasikatA meM svastha tathA racanAtmaka parivartana sambhAvya hai, kyoMki santa kavi evaM santa-paramparA ke unnAyaka tathA saMvarddhaka AcArya vidyAsAgara ne mATI ke dvArA lokahita evaM vizvamaitrI kA sandeza nissRta kiyA hai| isakI samApti hI avizvAsa, hiMsA, AtaMka, bhaya, sAmpradAyikatA kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| aisI hI kRtiyoM se pIr3ita yuga meM AsthA tathA yathArtha ke dharAtala para svarNima maMgala ghaTa kA avataraNa hotA hai : "kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se/maiM jahA~ para hU~ vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/tumheM hogI merI/sahI-sahI pahacAna ...aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa" aura mAhaula ko animeSa nihaartii-sii/''muukmaattii|" (pR. 487-488) pRSTha 355 yaha lekhanI zrI... hamArIbhI yahI bhAvanA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : dharA kI anugUMja DaoN. zekhara candra jaina pUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara kI lekhanI se vistRta bhAvakAvya dhArA kA anUThA upahAra 'mUkamATI' kAvya sAhitya jagat kI anupama dharodhara hI siddha hogii| isa kRti ko bhAva evaM kalA kI kasauTI para kasane para siddha hotA hai ki darzana aura kalA kA kitanA manohara sAmaMjasya isameM huA hai / muni aura kavi donoM dharmoM kA ucita nirvAha huA hai| donoM sAtha-sAtha hote hue bhI paraspara meM kisI para hAvI nhiiN| gaMgA-jamunA kI dhArAe~ sAtha hokara bhI apane-apane astitva meM svatantra hI haiN| AcAryazrI ne mUkamATI ko vANI pradAna kI hai jo dharatI kI anugUMja bana gaI hai| kRti meM jIvana jIne kI kalA, jIvana kI mahattA, jIvana meM dharma kA sthAna va mahattva, dharma kI zreya evaM preya avasthAoM kA saTIka prastutIkaraNa huA hai| sAtha hI achandas pada lAlitya, bhASA kA garimAmayI rUpa, nae bimba evaM pratIka bhAvoM ko Urdhvagati pradAna karate haiN| prakRti kA saundarya bikharA hai jo citta ko prasanna evaM satkAryoM kI ora prerita karatA hai / bhASA bhAvoM kI anugAminI va sahagAminI banI hai| yahA~ maiM samIkSA kI kSamatA kA dAvA nahIM karatA parantu kRti ne mujhe do-do bAra par3hane ke lie prerita kiyA, mere mana para jo prabhAva par3A use hI alpajJa buddhi se prastuta kara apanI bhAvAMjali prastuta kara rahA huuN| kRti kI samAlocanA meM maiM prayatna karU~gA ki AcArya vidyAsAgara aura kavi vidyAsAgara kA vyaktitva svatantra hI rhe| 'mUkamATI' apane Apa meM anUThA mahAkAvya hai / jahA~ taka kAvyatattva kA prazna hai prathama dRSTi se kucha vizeSa nahIM hai / canda zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mATI ko khodane se lekara avA meM pakane taka ghaTa kI apanI kahAnI hai| lekina mATI, kumhAra evaM svarNa Adi anya dhAtuoM ke kAlpanika pAtroM meM kathopakathana kI AyojanA pUre mahAkAvya ko vANI pradAna karatI hai| pAtroM meM sajIvAropaNa alaMkAra yojanA 'mUkamATI' ko bhI sazarIra prastuta karate haiN| miTTI kI yaha tyAgamayI bhAvanA ki khode jAne kI coTeM khAkara bhI vaha ghaTa kA svarUpa dhAraNa karane hetu kuTAI-piTAI sahakara aura agni meM tapakara isa yogya banatI hai ki vaha maMgala ghaTa kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara sake, jisakA jala tyAgI atithi ke AhAra meM upayukta hokara dhanyatA kA anubhava kara sake aura tUphAnI nadI kI bha~vara meM phaMse hue zraddhAyukta mAnava ke utthAna kA nimitta bana sake / usakI yahI tyAga bhAvanA, svayaM ko miTA kara vizva kalyANa kI bhAvanA use svarNa kalaza se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa banA detA hai / mahAkAvya kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai mUkamATI ke pratIka ghaTa se samasta jIvana kA citra, jIvana kI upayogitA aura AtmA se paramAtmA banane taka Urdhvagamana kA mArga prazasta karatA hai / saca to yaha hai ki mUkamATI ke svara adhika mukharita haiN| pada dalita, nagaNya mATI bhI nAyikA ke rUpa meM aMkita ho sakatI hai / santa ke sparza se mATI ko cetanA milI hai to kavi kI anubhUti ne use nirmala vANI pradAna kI hai| mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para kasane para bhI eka saphala mahAkAvya kI koTi meM isa kRti ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai / mATI yA ghaTa Adi sabhI pratIka pAtra haiM lekina kavi kI lekhanI ne unheM bhI jIvita svarUpa pradAna kiyA aura unake caritra kA vikAsa vizAla phalaka para uttarottara vRddhi ko prApta hotA hai| usakI cAritrika vizeSatAe~ kamala kI pA~khur3iyoM kI taraha khulatI jAtI haiN| kumhAra, pitA yA guru kI bhUmikA meM hai| seTha Adi kI kathA mahAkAvya kI avAntara kathA hai parantu ghaTa kI mahattA ke lie vaha mahattvapUrNa hai / AdhikArika kathA ke sAtha yaha prAsaMgika kathA mahattvapUrNa bana gaI hai| mahAkAvya sampUrNa rUpa se kathopakathana zailI meM prastuta hai / kathopakathana aura kathA kA vikAsa caritra kA udghATana to karate hI haiM, kathA ko AkarSaka jijJAsA bhI prerita karate haiN| prakRti citraNa, jo mahAkAvya kI vizeSatA hotI hai, kA atyanta sundara, vAstavika varNana kavi ne kiyA hai / sAdhanA kI A~kheM prakRti ke saundarya meM sAttvika svarUpa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 117 nihAratI haiN| prakRti kahIM para bhI zRMgAra ke srota meM vikRta nahIM banatI apitu jIvana kI svIkRti banatI hai| mahAkAvya meM yadyapi zAstrIya dRSTi se kama se kama ATha sargoM kA vidhAna mAnA gayA hai / lekina isa mahAkAvya ke cAra hI khaNDa haiN| parantu caturtha khaNDa ke aura bhI upakhaNDa kie jA sakate the| yadyapi isa niyama kA pAlana tulasIdAsajI 'rAmacaritamAnasa' meM bhI nahIM kara sake / usameM bhI sAta hI kANDa haiN| prastuta kRti ke cAra khaNDoM meM mATI ke prArambha se anta taka kI jIvana yAtrA kA lekhA-jokhA hai| hama pratyeka khaNDa ke sandarbha meM Age vistRta vicAra prastuta kreNge| kavi ne khaNDoM ke nAma bhI vizeSa avasthA ke sandarbha meM die haiN| mahAkAvya kI kAvyazailI achandas hai lekina usakI pravAhamayatA gambhIra salilA kI bhA~ti pravAhita hai / bhASA, muni vidyAsAgara kI tapaHpUta vANI kI nirbAdha pravAhamayatA lie pravAhita haI hai| zabdoM ke zilpI kavi vidyAsAgara unheM tarAzate haiM aura zabdoM kA AkarSaNa unake vividha artha, vyAkhyAe~, loma-pratiloma artha kavi kI arthAnveSaNI dRSTi to prastuta karate hI haiM, zabdoM meM camatkAra bhI bhara dete haiN| muhAvare, kahAvateM, dezaja zabda bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se prayukta hue haiM / alaMkAra bhAvoM ko prastuta karane, samajhAne meM madadagAra hue haiN| jahA~ taka kRti ke uddezya kA prazna hai vaha to atha se iti taka bikharA par3A hai| aisA lagatA hai jaise mArga kA prArambha hI maMz2ila ke lie huA hai / saMsAra, du:kha bandhana haiM, ina sabase Upara uThanA hI jIvana sAdhanA kA dhyeya hai / jaina darzana ke siddhAnta ke anusAra manuSya ko svayaM kA uddhAraka bananA hogA, jisakI upalabdhi sAdhanA se hI sambhava hai / guru pravacana to de sakate haiM, uddhAra kA vacana nhiiN| uddhAra svayaM ko svayaM kA karanA hogaa| kRti ke bAre meM lakSmIcandra jaina ne bahuta hI yogya kahA hai apane 'prastavana' meM ki 'santa kavi vidyAsAgarajI kI prajJA aura kAvya-pratibhA se yaha kalpavRkSa upajA hai|' maiM ise bhAva kAvya yA bhAvamaya kAvya mAnatA huuN| maiMne prArambha se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ko mahAkAvya kI kasauTI para parakhane kA saMkSipta prayAsa kiyA hai / maiMne pratyeka khaNDa ko apane vaicArika stara para jaisA socA-samajhA hai, kRti ko jisa taraha hRdayaMgama kara sakA hU~, use hI apanI alpa buddhi ke anusAra prastuta kara rahA huuN| ___ samIkSA se pUrva AcArya mAnatuMga kA vaha zloka smaraNa AtA hai ki vidvAnoM ke bIca hAsya kA pAtra aisA alpazruta maiM kyA kaha sakatA hU~ ? lekina kRti ke prati bhakti, usake kAvya kI zakti svayaM vAcAla banA detI hai / vasanta kA saundarya jaise koyala ko kuhakA detA hai, vaise hI yaha mahAkAvya kisI bhI bhakta yA kavihRdaya ko vANI pradAna karatA hai| isa dRSTi se mUkamATI ko hI vANI nahIM milI hai apitu mere antarvicAroM ko bhI vANI milI hai| kRti kA prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' hai| kRti kA prArambha prakRti citraNa se hotA hai| prAta:kAla kA sundara samaya hai, abhI sUrya pUrA ugA nahIM hai / kavi kalpanA karatA hai ki mAnoM mA~ kI mArdava goda meM bhAnu karavaTeM le rahA "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala le kara/karavaTeM le rahA hai|" (pR. 1) isI taraha pUrva dizA kI zobhA aura lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM DUbatI-sI kumudanI kA rUpa-citra bar3A hI manohara hai / tAroM ke DUbane meM bhI eka sajIva citra kavi ne khar3A kiyA hai| prAta:kAla kA sandhikAla jaise jIvana ko satpatha kA sandezA detA hai| isI samaya saritA taTa kI mATI dharatI mA~ ke sammukha apanI vedanA kholatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, "adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !
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________________ 118 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ... isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ? / batA do, mA~ ise !" (pR. 4-5 ) mATI mA~ se uddhAra kA mArga pUchatI hai aura beTI ko dukhI dekhakara mA~ vicalita ho jAtI hai / mAnoM use chAtI se lagA kara, usakI vedanA ko samajha kara, use saMsAra kI sthiti, vikAsa Adi ke bAre meM samajhAtI huI dhauvya tattva ke bAre meM samajhAtI hai aura yathA saMga tathA guNa prApti ke sandarbha meM vividha udAharaNa detI hai| varSA kI bU~deM yadi dhUla meM giratI haiM to dala-dala bana jAtI haiM; yadi nIma kI jar3oM meM giratI haiM to kaTutA bana jAtI haiM; lavaNAkara meM girakara sAgara banatI haiM aura yadi svAti kAla meM sIpa meM gireM to motI banatI haiM tathA sA~pa ke mukha meM girakara jahara bana jAtI haiM / isalie uttama saMga uttamatA pradAna karatA hai / svayaM kI laghutA hI AtmA kI pahacAna kA uttama sAdhana hai / satya ko samajhane ke lie hameM usake nikaTa jAnA hogA / AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM milatA / prArambha meM hone vAlI bhUloM ko uttarottara sudhAranA hogaa| jIvana meM viSamatAe~ manuSya ko gumarAha kara sakatI haiN| ata: uttarottara duHkha ko kasauTI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake Age bar3hanA hogA / dharatI ke udbodhana se mATI kA hRdaya kucha zAnta hotA hai / aura, taba punaH mA~ bhaviSya kA kathana karate hue kahatI hai ki beTA ! prAta:kAla kumhAra AegA, vahI tumheM patita se pAvana banAegA / pAvana banane kI yaha bAta mATI ke hRdaya ko dolAyamAna karatI hai / pAvana banane kI pratIkSA meM use nIMda nahIM AtI / Akhira prabhAta hotA hai| dharatI komala paloM kI harI sAr3I pahanakara prabhAta kA abhinandana karatI hai / saritA ke taTa para uThane vAlA phena mAnoM maMgala kalaza sajAe hai| prArambha meM mATI ko kucha tanAva-sA lagatA hai| jisakA udAharaNa kavi, kuzala lekhaka ko bhI naI niba se likhane meM hone vAlI bAdhA kI taraha lagatA hai| kumhAra kI pratIkSA karatI huI mATI dUra dizA meM dekhatI hai ki zramika caraNa usakI ora bar3ha rahe haiM aura phira apane sAmane pAtI hai kumbhakAra ko / kavi ne kumbhakAra kA bar3A hI sundara artha karate hue use dharatI kA bhAgya vidhAtA siddha kiyA hai / kumhAra miTTI khodane se pahale oMkAra ko namana karatA hai| yaha prabhu namana kisI bhI kArya ke prArambha meM ahaMkAra Shah lie kiyA jAtA hai| nokadAra kudAlI se prahAra sahate hue bhI miTTI bilakula nahIM rotI, kyoMki isa kaSTa meM bhI bhaviSya ke uddhAra ke bhAva chipe hue haiN| khudI huI miTTI boriyoM meM bharI jAtI hai| phaTI huI boriyoM se jhA~katI huI miTTI kI kalpanA kavi usa nava vivAhitA vadhU se karatA hai jo ghU~ghaTa se bAra-bAra bAhara jhA~katI hai| mATI garIboM saMganI hai| unake chidroM ko bharatI hai aura taba 'pIr3A kI ati hI pIr3A kI iti' bana jAtI hai| mATI itanI dayAzIla hai ki usakI ragar3a se gadahe kI pITha para jo chilana ho rahI hai, usase use duHkha hotA hai| una ghAvoM para vaha cheda meM se chana-chana kara malahama kA kAma kara rahI hai, kyoMki use bAra-bAra yaha anubhUti hotI hai ki isa chilana meM nimitta maiM hI huuN| isa AtmavedanA se hI vaha vigalita ho jAtI hai tabhI to dayA ko zreSTha caritra mAnA hai : D " dayA kA honA hI / jIva-vijJAna kA / samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) " para kI dayA karane se / sva kI yAda AtI hai O aura/sva kI yAda hI / sva-dayA hai / " (pR. 38) O " vAsanA kA vilAsa / moha hai, / dayA kA vikAsa / mokSa hai / " (pR. 38) kavi dayA kI mahattA pratipAdita karatA hai / vaha to gadahe ko bhI svara detA hai / kavi 'gada' kA artha roga aura 'hA' kA artha hAraka karate hue sarva rogoM kA hantA 'gadahA' hotA hai - aisA kahate hue gadahe kI ucca manobhAvanA prastuta karatA hai ki vaha sabake duHkhoM kA hAraka bana sake / kavi isI sandarbha meM zrama kI mahattA bhI prastuta karatA hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 119 ghara lAkara kumbhakAra mATI ko bArIka cAlanI se chAnatA hai / komala, mulAyama kaMkar3a rahita miTTI ke sparza se vaha prasanna ho jAtA hai / saMzodhita mATI use mAnoM RjutA aura mRdutA kA AbhAsa karAtI hai / isa chAnane kI prakriyA meM niSkAsita kaMkar3a vedanA aura roSa se pIr3ita ho uThate haiN| unheM yahI duHkha hai ki Aja ve apanI mA~ se pRthak kyoM kara die ge| zilpI unheM unakI sthiti meM bAdhaka banatA hai / ve to becAre kuTa-pisakara bhI mA~ ke sAtha rahanA cAhate haiM para kuTane ke bAda bhI unakA svabhAva to nahIM badalA jA sakatA / mATI ke sAtha rahane para bhI unameM mATI-sI mRdutA kaba AI hai ? ve jala se bhIgane para bhI mATI kI taraha phUlate bhI kaba haiM ? ve to pASANa hRdaya haiN| vo kabhI dUsaroM ke darda meM pighale hI nhiiN| kaMkar3a to mAna ke pratIka haiN| zilpI dvArA unake doSa darzana karAne para unakA hRdaya ro par3atA hai| jaise santa samAgama se ahaMvAdI kA aham moma-sA pighalane lagatA hai / ve ro-ro kara mA~ mATI se varadAna mA~gate haiM : "o mAnAtIta mArdava-mUrti,/mATI mA~ ! eka mantra do ise/jisase ki yaha/hIrA bane aura kharA bane kaMcana-sA!" (pR.56) isa varadAna ke lie mATI unheM saMyama kI rAha para calane kA upadeza detI hai, rAhI bananA hI to hIrA bananA hai / isake lie tapa kI Aga meM tapakara rAkha taka bananA hogA / rAkha bananA hI to kharA banAtI hai| kumbhakAra kue~ meM se bAlaTI ke dvArA jala nikAlane ko prastuta hotA hai para vahA~ rassI kI gA~Tha se bAdhA hai / kavi yahA~ sAdhAraNa rassI ko karma kI gA~Tha se taulatA hai| zAma, dAma, daNDa kI nIti ke prayoga kI carcA bhI karatA hai / para jaba taka gA~Tha kA sandhi sthAna nahIM khojA jAegA, gA~Tha kaise khulegI ? are ! masUr3e taka chila jAe~ge mu~ha se kholane ke prayAsa meM ! para jaba sandhi sthAna kA patA calatA hai to gA~Tha bhI chUTatI hai / kavi puna: gA~Tha aura rassI ke AdhyAtmika artha ko prastuta kara ahiMsA, mArdava Adi guNoM ko samajhAtA hai - 'granthi hI hiMsA kI sampAdikA hotI hai'(pR. 64) / khulI gA~Tha meM ba~dhI bAlaTI jala taka pahu~catI hai ki jala ke sAtha eka machalI usameM Akara prArthanA karatI hai : "isa andha-kUpa se/nikAlo ise koI usa haMsa rUpa se/milA lo ise koii|" (pR. 67) machalI kA yaha rudana araNya rodana hI bana kara raha gyaa| machalI meM tar3apa hai jala se bAhara Ane kii| usakA nazvara zarIra se moha vigalita hone lgaa| Izvara ke prati pyAsa bar3hane lgii| saMyamI kumbhakAra sAvadhAnI se jIvahiMsA ko bacAtA huA bAlaTI kue~ meM DAlatA hai / yaha bAlaTI mAnoM machalI ko yAna-sI lagane lgii| jaise usakI pukAra suna lI gaI ho / use dharma kI zaraNa meM jAne kA zubhayoga milane vAlA thaa| use lagA jaise 'dhammo dayAvisuddho' eka mAtra sandeza usake kAnoM meM gUMjane lagA ho / machalI kA jala se, apanI sajAtIya bahinoM se alaga hone kI bAta ke sAtha AcAryazrI samAja meM vyApta apanoM ke dveSa bhAva evaM vartamAna yuga ke dambha ko pratIkoM dvArA prastuta kara bar3A karArA vyaMgya karate haiM : "aba to" astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI 'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai'/likhA milatA hai |/kintu, kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na!" (pR. 73) isa sandarbha meM manuSya ke rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoM kA manovaijJAnika pRthakkaraNa bhI karate haiN|
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________________ 120 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA machalI bAlaTI ke dvArA pAnI ke sAtha Upara A jAtI hai| mAnoM use zaraNa mila gaI ho / sabhI sAthI-saMgiyoM ke Azcarya ke bIca vaha mAyA ko chor3a mukti ke patha para agrasara hotI hai / bAhara mATI ke caraNoM meM girakara phUTa-phUTakara rotI hai / mAnoM mA~ mATI ke caraNa pakhAra rahI ho / puna:, kavi mAnava meM lupta ho rahI mAnavatA kI ora iMgita karatA hai : " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isa vyaktitva kA darzanasvAda-mahasUsa/ina A~khoM ko/sulabha nahIM rahA aba! yadi vaha sulabha bhI hai/to bhArata meM nahIM,/mahA-bhArata meM dekho ! bhArata meM darzana svAratha kA hotA hai |/haaN-haaN ! itanA avazya parivartana huA hai/ki "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) mATI-machalI ke kathopakathana dvArA kavi kaliyuga kI svArthamaya pahicAna bhI karAtA hai / sat-yuga aura kaliyuga meM dRSTi kI mahattA ko spaSTa karatA hai / dRSTi hI ziva-zava ke bheda ko spaSTa karatI hai : "eka kA jIvana/mRtaka-sA lagatA hai/kAntimukta zava hai, eka kA jIvana/amRta-sA lagatA hai/kAnti-yukta ziva hai|" (pR. 84) beTI machalI ko dharatI mA~ punaH-puna: jala meM lauTane kA Agraha karatI hai, para beTI machalI jise aba vairAgya ho gayA hai, vaha to sallekhanA cAhatI hai / isI pariprekSya meM AcArya kavi sallekhanA kA sahI va vaijJAnika svarUpa saMkSepa meM prastuta karate haiM : "sallekhanA, yAnI/kAya aura kaSAya ko/kRza karanA hotA hai, beTA ! kAyA ko kRza karane se/kaSAya kA dama ghuTatA hai,/"ghuTanA hI caahie| ...mlAna-mukhI aura mudita-mukhI/nahIM honA hI sahI sallekhanA hai, anyathA/Atama kA dhana luTatA hai, beTA!" (pR. 87) machalI ko puna: jala meM surakSA se pahu~cA diyA jAtA hai| vahI 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' kI gUMja punaH uThatI hai| dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM meM yahI kalpanA kathA kalevara dhAraNa kara Age bar3hatI hai| sabhI Rtue~ mATI para apanA prabhAva DAlatI haiN| mATI aura zilpI ke saMvAda jIvana ko bahuta kucha pAtheya pradAna karate haiN| mATI to zIta saha bhI le, zilpI kaise sahe ! tabhI to mATI kahatI hai : "kAyA to kAyA hai/jar3a kI chAyA-mAyA hai/lagatI hai jAyA-sI... so""/kama se kama eka kambala to""/kAyA para le lo nA !" (pR. 92) AcArya isa sambandha meM aparigraha ke mahattva, upayogitA kA saTIka varNana karate haiN| parigraha to kamajorI kA pratIka hai / ye 'nIti karama' se viparIta hote haiM / AtmA kA mUla svabhAva to mokSa prApti hai / kavi kAmavRtti meM manovikAra kI bhAvanA kA manovaijJAnika pahalU prastuta karatA hai| kavi mATI ke khudane, TUTane, phUTane aura aba galane kI jIvana yAtrA kI ora Age bar3hatA hai| yaha TUTana-phUTana yA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 121 galana hI to aham kA tirohaNa hai| jo isako ha~sakara sahana kara letA hai, vahI namana ke yogya banatA | jahA~ mana na rahe, to pUrNa taTastha sthiti prajJatA hai / badale kI Aga aura aham hI manuSya ke patana kI nizAnI hai : " badale kA bhAva vaha dala-dala hai / ki jisameM bar3e-bar3e baila hI kyA, / bala-zAlI gaja-dala taka burI taraha pha~sa jAte haiM / " (pR. 97) badale kA bhAva to rAhu hai jisameM AtmA kA uttama bhAnu bhI grasita ho jAtA hai| isI sandarbha meM kavi zUloM ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karatA hai evaM zUloM ke dRr3ha manobala kA uttama citraNa prastuta karatA hai / saMsArI jIvoM kI bhogAsakti kI carcA kara, usake vinAzI pariNAmoM ko samajhAtA hai| ziva dvArA kAmadeva ko jalA dene kA uttama udAharaNa isa tathya ke samarthana meM prastuta kara jaina AcArya kavi apanI samanvaya dRSTi kA paricaya detA hai / kRti meM zilpI guru hai jo sadaiva dayA, kSamA kA hI samarthaka hai / kavi jJAna ke sAtha usake upabhoga yAnI cAritra vizeSa mahattva detA hai| jJAna prayogAtmaka hokara jaba jIvana meM utare tabhI usakI mahattA hai, anyathA kathanI-karanI kA bheda satya ko phalavAn nahIM hone detA : "bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai / zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se / tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai / " (pR. 107) isa prakAra manuSya kA mana hI samasta sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa hotA hai| sukha-duHkha vastu meM nahIM, mana meM hotA hai / ve manovaijJAnika satya kA udghATana karate hue kahate haiM : " mantra na hI acchA hotA hai / nA hI burA acchA, burA to / apanA mana hotA hai sthira mana hI vaha / mahAmantra hotA hai / aura asthira mana hI / pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai, eka sukha kA sopAna hai / eka du:kha kA 'so' pAna hai / " (pR. 108 - 109 ) vAstava meM manuSya para-padArthoM ke prati hI adhika mohita va prabhAvita ho rahA hai / yahI usake duHkha kA mUla kAraNa hai / kavi isI sandarbha meM sAhitya kI vyAkhyA prastuta karatA huA uttama sAhitya va svAdhyAya kA mahattva pratipAdita karatA hai / kavi kI AtmA isa samaya adhika mukharita hai, tabhI to vaha kahatA hai : " pravacana - kAla meM pravacanakAra, / lekhana - kAla meM lekhaka donoM lauTa jAte haiM atIta meM / " (pR. 113) kavi vartamAna rAjanItijJoM kI pada lAlasA para bhI vyaMgya karane se nahIM cuuktaa| sattA, zAnti kI samarthaka -- yahI usakI abhilASA hai, sandeza hai / pratyeka kArya meM saphalatA tabhI milatI hai jaba AsthA kI AdhArazilA majabUta ho| yahI AsthA patthara ko bhI pratiSThita karatI hai : O " vahI niSThA kI phalavatI pratiSThA / prANapratiSThA kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 120 ) 64 O 'AsthA kA darzana AsthA se hI sambhava hai / na A~khoM se, na AzA se / " (pR. 121 )
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________________ 122 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kavi svArtha ke kAraNa deza evaM samAja kA ahita karane vAle vetanabhogiyoM para kitanA mArmika vyaMga karatA hai : " vetana vAle vatana kI ora / kama dhyAna de pAte haiM / aura cetana vAle tana kI ora / kaba dhyAna de pAte haiM ?" (pR. 123 ) (yahA~ vetana se tAtparya artha kI ora dRSTi rakhane se hai na ki mAtra karmacArI varga se evaM cetana se tAtparya paramArtha kI ora dRSTi rakhane se hai / ) 1 manuSya ke jIvana kI sArthakatA hai ki vaha apane kartavya patha para hI aneka kaSToM meM bhI dRr3hatA se DaTA rahe / yahI AsthA kI saccI pahacAna hai : " isIlie to / rAjA kA maraNa vaha / raNa meM huA karatA hai prajA kA rakSaNa karate hue, / aura / mahArAja kA maraNa vaha vana meM huA karatA hai/ dhvajA kA rakSaNa karate hue jisa dhvajA kI chA~va meM / sArI dharatI jIvita hai sAnanda sukhamaya zvAsa svIkAratI huI !" (pR. 123 ) kavi mATI aura pallava ke madhya saMvAda yojanA prastuta kara mAna, vIra rasa, raudra rasa, kaSAya, hAsya, triguNa Adi bhAvoM ko vistAra se samajhAtA hai| sAdhaka aba 'ghAma nahIM dhAma, rAga nahIM parAga' kA AkAMkSI bane, isI tathya kI ora AkarSita rahatA hai / manuSya kA jIvana saMgItamaya arthAt sahI arthoM meM gatimaya - Anandamaya bane, usa para apanI navIna dRSTi prastuta karate hue AcArya kahate haiM : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai aura/prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai merA saMgI saMgIta hai / sapta-svaroM se atIta !" (pR. 144-145) mATI to tyAgamayI hai / miTane kA Ananda vahI jAnatI hai / kavi usa Ananda ko lekhanI se bhI vyakta karatA hai| Aja ke mAnava kI viDambanA hai ki vaha Adi puruSa dvArA nirdezita patha para cala hI nahIM rahA hai| Aja kathanI karane vAloM kI bhIr3a jarUra bar3hI hai para calane vAloM kA abhAva hI hai : " cAritra se dUra raha kara / kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI / bhIr3a ke kAraNa ! ... jise patha dikhAyA jA rahA hai / vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM, auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai / aura ina cAlAka, cAlakoM kI saMkhyA anagina hai / " (pR. 152) isI prakAra karuNA, usakI avasthA, pAtratA, pariNAma kI vyAkhyA AcArya kavi udAharaNa dvArA samajhAte haiM / usakI bhAvanA para prakAza DAlate haiM / AcArya isa prasaMga meM bhAvuka kavi adhika haiM : "isa karuNA kA svAda / kina zabdoM meM kahU~ !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 123 gara yaqIna ho/namakIna A~suoM kA/svAda hai vaha !" (pR. 155) kavi darzana aura hRdaya ke bhAvoM kA anUThA sAmaMjasya prastuta karate hue vastu ke mUla svabhAva kI carcA karatA hai| para-bhAva usako vikRta bhale hI kara deM para mUla svabhAva ko badala nahIM skte| ve zAnta rasa, karuNa rasa evaM vAtsalya bhAva ityAdi ko pUrI bhAvanA se samajhAte haiN| kavi dugdhAnupAna karate bAlaka kA zabda citra prastuta kara vAtsalya ko samajhAte hI nahIM varan usako mAnoM jIte haiN| jIne kA mantra dete haiN| kitanI sarala, para hRdayasparzI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai : "karuNA-rasa use mAnA hai, jo/kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI/moma banA detA hai, vAtsalya kA bAnA hai/jaghanatama nAdAna ko bhI/soma banA detA hai| kintu, yaha laukika/camatkAra kI bAta huI,/zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM, saMyama-rata dhImAna ko hI/'om' banA detA hai| jahA~ taka zAnta rasa kI bAta hai/vaha AtmasAt karane kI hI hai kama zabdoM meM/niSedha-mukha se kahU~/saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta-rasa hai|" (pR. 159-160) AcArya dArzanika dRSTi se saMsAra kI vyAkhyA bhI nae bimba evaM pratIkoM se samajhAte haiN| kumhAra mATI meM jala milAkara use chUtA hai / jisase mATI ke aMga-aMga meM pulakana-siharana daur3a jAtI hai / saMvedanazIla bhogyA mATI meM Ananda-ullAsa bhara detA hai| mATI cAka para ghUma-ghUma kara Upara uThatI hai| nae rUpa ko grahaNa karatI hai / zilpI hAtha meM uThAkara use svarUpa pradAna karane ke lie soTe se khoTa para coTa bhI karatA hai / yahA~ zilpI kA lakSya coTa karanA nahIM apitu khoTa sudhAranA hai| kavi puna: bauddhika dRSTi ke prayoga se 9 ke aMka kI pUrNatA kA camatkAra prastuta karatA hai / lagatA hai kavi kavitA aura gaNita ke pArasparika sambandha ko jor3a kara 363, 63 yA 36 ke aMkoM dvArA samanvaya va virodha ke manobhAvoM ko bhI gaNita ke AdhAra para abhivyakta karatA hai| ye aMka sajjana va durjana kI pahacAna ke pratIka haiN| kavi Aja ke vizvAsaghAtI manuSya para, usakI vizvAsaghAtI vRttiyoM para coTa karate hue likhatA hai : "siMha aura zvAna kA citraNa bhI/binA bole hI sandeza de rahA hai|" (pR. 169) zera kabhI pIche se AkramaNa, prahAra nahIM karatA jabaki zvAna pIche se kATatA hai : "zvAna-sabhyatA-saMskRti kI/isIlie nindA hotI hai/ki vaha apanI jAti ko dekha kara/dharatI khodatA, gurrAtA hai / siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai,/rAjA kI vRtti aisI hI hotI hai, honI bhI caahie|" (pR. 171) isI sandarbha meM kavi kachuA aura kharagoza ke udAharaNa dekara sAdhaka kI dazA-sthiti kA citraNa karatA hai| aura Age kI saralatama vyAkhyA dvArA 'hI' se 'bhI' kI ora mur3a kara paraspara prema ke sandeza kI gAthA kI udghoSaNA karatA hai / kavi AtmAlocanA karate hue svayaM ko 'do galA' kaha kara mAnoM pratikramaNa dvArA AlocanA hI karake sabhI ko AtmAlocana dvArA svayaM parizuddha hone kA mArga prazasta karatA hai / yahI bhAva manuSya ko tapa kI ora unmukha karatA hai / yahI
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________________ 124 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tapa varSA yAnI sacce sukha kA kAraNa banatA hai| manuSya kA jIvana nadI-sA nirmala va pravAhita rahe, yahI usakI sArthakatA hai| jIvana meM yauvana-vasanta bhale hI ho, para vaha patajhara-sA jhara bhI jAtA hai| isalie saMyama rasanA para rasa-nA rahe, tabhI sambhava hotA hai| puna:, kavi upAdhyAya kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha kara saMsAra ke utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya tattva, unakI mahattA, saMsAra kI racanA, parivartana Adi kA tAttvika bodha sarala arthoM meM prastuta karatA hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai / " (pR. 185) manuSya svayaM kA nirmAtA evaM vinAzaka hai : "apanA svAmI Apa hai/apanA kAmI Apa hai|" (pR. 185) ina sarala zabdoM dvArA jIvana kI vyAkhyA kara gAgara meM sAgara bhara diyA hai| dUsare khaNDa meM vAstava meM kavi se adhika vidyAsAgara AcArya hI adhika rhe| jaina darzana ke vividha pahaluoM para unakI qalama mArgadarzaka-pathadarzikA banI hai / mATI aura zilpI kA vArtAlApa, usameM pratipAdita siddhAnta, unakI vyAkhyA dvArA AcArya hama saMsArI jIvoM ko mukti patha kI ora agrasara hone, sacce manuSya banakara mAnavatA ko sahI arthoM meM samajhane kA bodha dete haiN| kRti ke tIsare khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM dharma aura jIvana ke mahattva kA pratipAdana huA hai| kavi dharatI ke guNa vaitAlika kI bhA~ti gAtA hai / yahA~ kavi dharatI kA gAyaka hI bana gayA hai| dharatI to mA~ hai / mA~ kI mamatA, tyAga, vAtsalya, sahanazakti, upayogitA Adi guNoM ke gIta kavi ne apane mukta kaNTha se gAe haiN| lagatA hai dharatI kI gandha Apake roma-roma ko AhlAdita karatI hai| dharA kA gAyaka kavi aura siddhAnta tattvoM kA nirUpaka AcArya donoM meM jaise hor3a-sI lagI hai| tabhI to dharA ke saundarya ke sAtha-sAtha vaha mAnavatA evaM jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ko bhI pirotA calatA hai / para-svaharaNa vRtti use nindanIya lagatI hai : "para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai / yaha ati nimna-koTi kA karma hai/sva-para ko satAnA hai, nIca-narakoM meM jA jIvana bitAnA hai|" (pR. 189) kavi santoM kI sahanazakti kI tulanA dharatI se karatA hai / jo sahatA hai, vahI kucha de pAtA hai, vahI kucha pAtA hai| kavi prakRti ke sUrya aura candra kI mahimA ke guNagAna meM candra kI badalI nIyata ko vartamAna chU sake, ata: usake sAtha taulakara Aja kI isa adhama vRtti para prahAra karane se nahIM cUkatA : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai / " (pR. 192) paropakAriNI dharatI sIpa meM par3I bUMda ko motI kA rUpa pradAna karatI hai| usakA gotAkhoroM se rakSaNa karatI hai| usakI goda meM palI muktA tabhI to kRSNa ke kaNTha kI zobhA banI jo muralIdhara ko bhAI / vaha sAgara kI hI nahIM, aneka muktAoM kI bhI jananI hai| candramA apanI karatUtoM se sAgara dvArA bAdaloM ke mAdhyama se jala vRSTi karA kara evaM daladala
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 125 phailAkara kSati pahu~cAtA hai / isI daladala ke sandarbha ko lekara kavi vartamAna dalagata rAjanIti ke dala-dala para prahAra karatA hai / vartamAna rAjanIti kA AdhAra dhana aura sattA banakara raha gayA hai| isase bacane ke lie mana kI dRr3hatA Avazyaka hai / vimukharita ho uThA hai sAgara para chAI pahalI badalI ko dekhakara / prakRti varNana meM kavi kI bhAva vibhoratA draSTavya hai : " dadhi-dhavalA sAr3I pahane / pahalI vAlI badalI vaha / Upara se sAdhanArata sAdhvI-sI lagatI hai|" (pR. 199) dharatI kI hI bhA~ti nArI kI sahanazakti, usakA prema, vAtsalya, dharma parAyaNatA, mamatA, usake mAtRtva Adi kI carcA kavi ne vizada evaM gahana bhAva se kI hai| nArI upekSitA yA anucarI nahIM hai| vaha to sahacarI, mamatA kA sAgara hai / vividha avasthAoM, rUpoM meM vaha puruSoM kI saha- sAdhikA rahI hai / kavi ke vizAla dRSTibodha kA paricaya nArI varNana meM parilakSita hai : "apane hoM yA parAye,/ bhUkhe-pyAse baccoM ko dekha mA~ ke hRdaya meM dUdha ruka nahIM sakatA/ bAhara AtA hI hai umar3a kara, isa avasara pratIkSA rahatI hai - / usa dUdha ko / " (pR. 201 ) 1 Aja kA svArthamaya mAnava isI pratiSThA ko dhana ke hetu beca rahA hai| striyoM ko kupatha para le jAne vAlA puruSa hI hai / kavi ne 'nArI' use mAnA hai jisakA koI zatru nA ho| phira nArI ke vividha paryAyavAcI evaM rUpoM - mahilA, nArI, abalA, strI, sutA, duhitA, jananI, mAtA, aMganA Adi zabdoM ke artha, bhAvArtha bar3e hI jJAnapUrNa tathA arthapUrNa rUpa se kie haiM / kavi kA buddhi cAturya zabdoM kI nae sandarbhoM meM kI gaI vyAkhyA meM dRSTigata hotA hai / patnI kA pati ke jIvana meM AnA bhoga ke lie nahIM apitu upAsanA meM madada rUpa banane, kAma ko saMyata banAne Adi ke sAtha dharmopArjana ke lie hI hotA hai : " puruSa kI vAsanA saMyata ho, / aura / puruSa kI upAsanA saMgata ho, yAnI kAma puruSArtha nirdoSa ho, / basa, isI prayojanavaza vaha garbha dhAraNa karatI hai / " (pR. 204 ) yahA~ puruSa se tAtparya jahA~ pativAcaka hai, vahIM dUsarA puruSa zabda paramAtmA kI upAsanA kA paricAyaka hai / isI khaNDa meM kavi eka camatkAra kA Ayojana bhI karate haiM / kumbhakAra ke A~gana meM muktAoM kI varSA hotI hai| sabhI Azcaryacakita rAjA bhI lobha ke vazIbhUta ho muktAoM ko lenA cAhatA hai| usake sevaka jyoM hI muktAoM ko uThAnA cAhate haiM, tabhI nabha-garjanA hotI hai| isa nabha-garjanA meM kavi zrama kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| zrama ke binA dhana kI prApti corI hai, ghU~sa hI hai : " parizrama ke binA tuma / navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha / pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 212 ) rAjA kI maNDalI phira bhI motI baToranA cAhatI hai| tabhI unheM bicchU ke DaMka se lagate haiM / phalata: vaha behoza ho jAtI hai / rAjA bhI kIlita ho jAtA hai| isa durghaTanA se kumbhakAra dukhI hai ki usake A~gana meM aisA ghaTita huA / rAjA ko cetanA Ate hI kumbhakAra usase kSamAyAcanA karatA hai / motiyoM ko svayaM boriyoM meM bharatA hai / isa camatkAra se sabhI prabhAvita haiM / kumhAra kA zrama sabhI ko cetanAmaya banAtA hai| yaha thA zrama aura satya kA mahattva / kavi maryAdA kI mahattA
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________________ 126 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pratipAdita karatA hai / yahI saMsAra ko sucAru rUpa se calane meM madada karatI hai : "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana/rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na hoM/daNDita karegA hI!" (pR. 217) kumhAra rAjA se nivedana karatA hai ki ve motiyoM ko bheMTa rUpa svIkAra karake le jAe~ / rAjA svIkAra karatA hai vaha bheMTa / kumhAra kI phaTI boriyoM meM bharI motI rAzi bAhara aise jhA~kA karatI haiM jaise koI nava vivAhitA pU~ghaTa se jhA~ka rahI ho / sAgara se uThanevAlI badaliyoM kI kAlimA, ghanI kAlimA ke varNana meM kavi lezyAoM dvArA mAnava mana ke kaluSita manobhAvoM ko hI mAnoM prastuta karatA hai| duSToM ke kaluSita svabhAva kI eka jhalaka dekhie : "ghamaNDa ke akhaNDa piNDa bane haiM,/inakA hRdaya adaya kA nilaya banA hai, raha-raha kara kalaha/karate hI rahate haiM ye, binA kalaha bhojana pacatA hI nahIM inheM!" (pR. 228) kavi sUrya aura sAgara ke sandarbha meM bhale-bure vyaktiyoM ke svabhAva kA mUlyAMkana karatA calatA hai / pAkhaNDa ke pakSadharoM kI avahelanA karatA hai / punaH, kavi rAhU dvArA dina-dahAr3e saba kucha har3apane kI bAta kahakara har3apane kI vRtti para prahAra karatA hai| yaha satya hai ki duSTa zakti ke kAraNa saba kucha har3apa letA hai para usakA mu~ha adhika hI kAlA ho jAtA hai| kavi sandhyA ke pazcAt avatarita rAtri kA zabda citra bar3e hI vAstavika rUpa meM khIMca pAyA hai| pUrA prasaMga hamAre samakSa rAtri ke andhakAra kI bhayAnakatA ko sAdRzya banA detA hai / kavitA aura prakRti ke sajIva citraNa kA yaha eka anUThA udAharaNa isI sandarbha meM mahApuruSoM ke lakSaNa ko evaM unake sarala svabhAva ko prastuta kiyA hai : "mahApuruSa prakAza meM nahIM Ate/AnA bhI nahIM cAhate, prakAza-pradAna meM hI/unheM rasa AtA hai|" (pR. 245) aura jaise Atma bhAva prakaTa karake AtmakalyANa para dRSTi kendrita karake kaha rahe haiM : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN|/aur maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN|" (pR. 245) isI samaya varSA prArambha hotI hai / vaha raudrarUpa dhAraNa kara tANDava hI karane lagI hai / isa varSA aura raudrarUpa kA varNana itanA sajIva hai ki lagatA hai mAnoM hama aise tUphAnI jhaMjhA ko mahasUsa kara rahe haiN| olA-vRSTi kA tANDava rAvaNa-sA kahara barasA rahA hai / kavi kI lekhanI saura aura bhUmaNDala kI tulanA karane lgii| vaha vijJAna kI tulanA karatA hai aura spaSTa karatA hai ki AkAza kI ora uThane vAle ke caraNa dharatI se na chUTa jAe~, anyathA saba DagamagA jAegA / aura Upara vAle kA dimAga bhI dharatI ko dekhe, anyathA abhimAna se TUTa jAegA / kavi vartamAna AryabhaTTa yA rohiNI upagrahoM kI navInatama upamAoM ko prastuta kara mAnoM isa tathya ko sAbita karatA hai ki sAdhu paramparAoM ko rUr3hiyoM ke saMkucita dAyare meM nahIM bA~dhatA / vaha dIrgha draSTA hai, yuga draSTA bhI hai| kavi AkAza meM cala
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 127 rahe saMgharSa ko 'sTAra vAra' kI tulanA dekara nae kaviyoM ke bimba, pratIkoM ko bhI lajA detA hai / ghaTa ko phor3ane ke lie uddhata oloM se varSA ke kaNa rakSA karate rahe ghaTa kii| apanI kama, para dRDha zakti se lar3ate rahe anyAyI se / kavi ina varSA evaM bhUkaNoM kI mA~ ke sAtha tulanA karatA hai jo apane zizu kI sUkSmatama sisakana ko bhI jAnatI hI nahIM, anubhava bhI karatI hai, mahasUsa karatI hai| atyanta dukha kA sAmanA kaNoM ne kiyA / ve ghaTa ko bacAte rahe / ati saMkaTa, upasarga dRr3hamana ke vyakti ko bhI DigA dete haiM / yaha vAstavikatA kavi bhUlA nahIM hai : "ati-parIkSA bhI prAyaH/pAtra ko vicalita karatI hai patha se / " (pR. 254) duSToM para hiMsAtmaka prahAra na kiyA jAya, yahI to manuSya kI mAnavatA ke vikAsa kI upalabdhi hai : "vikaTa se vikaTatama saMkaTa bhI/kaTa jAte haiM pala bhara meM; Apa ko smaraNa meM lAte hI/phira to prabho!" (pR. 256) puna: manda zItala pavana kA saMcAra huA / gulAba mudita hokara jhUmane lagA / phUla ne pavana ko prema se nahalA diyaa| manuSya ko sadaiva para ke upakAra kA mAdhyama bana karake hI jInA caahie| tabhI surabhi sarvatra prasArita ho pAtI hai / yahI bhAva, para ke prati antara kI glAni ko vigalita kara detA hai / pavana ne puna: bAdaloM ke AkramaNa kI sambhAvanA dekhI to apanI zakti kA upayoga kara unheM titara-bitara kara diyA / svaccha AkAza kA saura maNDala jaise dharatI kI stuti karatA "dharatI kI pratiSThA banI rahe, aura/hama saba kI dharatI meM niSThA ghanI rahe, basa / " (pR. 262) kavi kI lekhanI jaise nae AkAza aura bhAnu kI naI kiraNa se AhlAdita bana utthii| kalama citrakAra kI kU~cI banakara zabdoM-citroM dvArA citra hI A~kane lgii| navInatA kA yaha bodha sacamuca kavitA aura bhAvoM kI navInatA bharatA hai| nae bhAvoM kI kiraNeM hRdaya meM nAvInya kA bhAva aMkurAtI haiN| kucha paMktiyA~ dekhie : "nayA yoga hai, nayA prayoga hai/naye-naye ye nayopayoga haiM nayI kalA le harI lasI hai/nayI sampadA varIyasI hai nayI palaka meM nayA pulaka hai/nayI lalaka meM nayI jhalaka hai|" (pR. 264) parISahajanya vAtAvaraNa meM ghaTa surakSita raha kara mAnoM kumbhakAra ko samajhA rahA hai : "parISaha-upasarga ke binA kabhI/svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI/traikAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266) kumbhakAra bhI Azcaryacakita hai ghaTa kI isa zakti, AsthA evaM buddhi ko dekhakara / kumbhakAra ghaTa ko cetAvanI detA huA uThatA hai ki tIra para pahu~cane ke lie tumheM apane hI hAthoM tairanA pdd'egaa| Aga kI nadI pAra karanA hogii| ghaTa, jo aba sukha-du:kha meM sthitaprajJa hai, jisameM mukti yAtrA kI cAha jAga uThI hai, vaha kahatA hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA
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________________ 128 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bheda se abheda kI ora / veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie / anyathA, / vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) kRtikA caturtha khaNDa vRhadAkAra hai / 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka vAlA yaha khaNDa jIvana meM tapa aura siddhi kA paricAyaka hai / khaNDa kA prArambha hI saMyama - asaMyama jIvana kI tulanA se hotA hai / kavi saMyama kI zreSThatA ko hI sarvopari siddha karate hue kahatA hai : : "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha / asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI apane ghuTane Teka detA hai|" (pR. 269) ghaTa kI jIvana yAtrA Age bar3hatI hai| aba use agnijvAlA kI nadI pAra karanA hai| parIkSaNa meM kharA utaranA hai| ghar3e ko pakAne ke lie avA bhI lagAyA, sajAyA jA rahA hai| isa prasaMga meM kavi babUla kI lakar3I ke kar3epana meM pazcAtApa bhara detA hai / use samajhA kara mAnoM jIvana kI kar3I gA~ThoM ke prati vyaktiyoM ko pazcAtApa karane ko prerita karatA hai aura vartamAna meM gaNatantra ke nAma para panapa rahe dhanatantra evaM manamAne 'tantra' kI sthiti para prakAza DAlatA hai| Aja ke nyAyatantra kI vilamba nIti, zithilatA ko bhI ve aMkita karate hue yahI samajhAte haiM ki bala kA sahI upayoga nirbala kI madada karanA hai, unheM satAnA nahIM : " nirbala - janoM ko satAne se nahIM, / bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai / " (pR. 272 ) aura vaha vyakti bhI to doSI hI hai anyAya sahana karatA hai, uThatA nahIM / kumbhakAra avA ke dvAra para agni prakaTa karane ke prayAsa karatA hai para agni jalatI nahIM / agni ko svayaM vedanA hai jalAne kii| dUsaroM ko jalA kara vaha parIkSA kI nirNAyaka banatI hai, para vaha khuda apanI parIkSA kaise de ? agni ke isa manomanthana - yukta bhAva - bhASA ko jAnakara kumbha jaise upadezaka kI bhUmikA meM prastuta hokara agni ko samajhAtA hai ki mere doSoM ko jalAne meM koI doSa nahIM / ulaTe mujhe tapAkara tuma isa yogya banAoge ki maiM logoM ko zItala jala pradAna kara unakI tRSA zAnta kara sakU~gA / baMsa ! agni kA mana zAnta huA / ghaTa kI bhalAI ke lie vaha jalatI hai| idhara avA ke dRzya ko kavi ne citrAtmaka DhaMga se prastuta karate hue usake dhue~ evaM jvAlA Adi kA varNana to kiyA hI hai, usake sAtha prANAyAma kI yaugika kriyAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| sAtha hI sAtha nirogI zarIra aura mana kI carcA bhI kI hai / agni kI jvAlAoM kA rasa ghaTa kA prakSAlana karatA hai / usakA 'tA'``masa samatA' meM parivartita ho jAtA hai / vaha prabhu se nirantara prabhumaya banane kI prArthanA karatA rahatA hai / usakI prArthanA para agni kI vANI kA marma kavi prastuta karatA hai aura dhyAna kI mahattA ko samajhAte hue kahatA hai ki 'zava se ziva' bananA hI dhyAna kI paramotkRSTa sthiti hai / kavi agni evaM ghaTa ke kathopakathana dvArA darzana ke kucha gambhIra pahaluoM ko bhI saralatA se samajhAtA hai| ghaTa agni se darzana aura adhyAtma ke bheda, unake kArya-kAraNa sambandhoM para prazna karate hue prazna pUchatA hai ki kisase tRpti aura mukti milatI hai ? praznoM ke uttara agni ke dvArA AcAryazrI dilavAte hue kahate haiM : "darzana kA srota mastaka hai, / svastika se aMkita adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / hRdaya se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 129 ...adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai/darzana parAdhIna upanayana ...svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai |/anek saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vyasta jIvana darzana kA hotA hai| ...darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai-vicAra,/adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai sarvathA stabdha-nirvicAra !" (pR. 288-289) isa paricarcA meM AcArya adhyAtma ko hI darzana se zreSTha va Atma kalyANakArI mAnate haiN| prAta:kAla kumbhakAra avA ke pAsa jAtA hai| 'kumbha kI kuzalatA so apanI kuzalatA' kaha ullAsa se avA para jamI rAkha ko haTAtA hai| kumbha ke darzana kara prasanna hotA hai / agni se tapakara usakA raMga bhale hI kAlA par3a gayA - para, usake zarIra se eka AbhA phUTatI hai / AcArya mAnoM iMgita karate haiM ki tapane ke bAda deha malIna ho jAya, para AtmA kI pavitratA kI camaka cehare para dikhatI hai / kumbha meM pavitratA hai, bhaktibhAva hai| AcArya isa choTe se prasaMga kI garimA muni ke caritra kI, dinacaryA, parISaha sahanazIlatA Adi kA varNana kara mAnoM pUre AcArAMga kI prastuti hI kara rahe haiN| logoM ko bhI sacce muni ke svarUpa, vyavahAra, AcAra-vicAra se avagata karA rahe haiN| muni kA saMyama indriyavijayI honA, siMha vRtti ke sAtha ahiMsaka vRtti, nirlobha, aparigrahI hone Adi guNoM kA kathana prastuta kiyA hai| ghaTa kI kathA ke sAtha kavi eka seTha kI svapna se lekara antima avasthA taka kI kathA ko prastuta kara kRti ko rocaka to banAtA hI hai, vaha vividha prasaMgoM kI yojanA dvArA miTTI ke kumbha kI mahattA, usakI zreSThatA ko bhI siddha karatA hai| isa pUre prasaMga meM dharma kI zraddhA kendra meM hai| seTha kA naukara kumbhakAra ke yahA~ kumbha ko ThoMka-bajAkara lene jAtA hai / para viDambanA to yaha hai ki jo parIkSaka banatA hai, vaha svayaM parIkSA se nahIM guz2aratA hai| tAtparya yaha ki parIkSaka ko pahale parIkSA denA cAhie, anyathA use upahAsa kA pAtra bananA par3egA / ghaTa ko parIkSaNa ke lie bajAne para usameM se saMgIta ke sapta svara dhvanita hote haiN| kavi usa saragama kA bhI AdhyAtmika artha yahI karatA hai ki 'duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sktaa|' aura kitanI sAragarbhita vyAkhyA karate haiM : "ina sapta-svaroM kA bhAva samajhanA hI/sahI saMgIta meM khonA hai sahI saMgI ko pAnA hai|" (pR. 305) kumbha ke isa jJAna kA zreya zilpI ko hai, jisako vaha svIkAra karatA hai| apanI kAlikha ko vaha zreyaskara hI mAnatA hai jisameM se nikalate tabale ke svara Ananda pradAna karate haiN| kumbhakAra se grAhaka kumbha kharIdakara usakA dAma denA cAhatA hai para kumbhakAra grAhaka se lena-dena ke vyApAra ko heya samajhakara paise lene se inakAra karatA hai| AcArya punaH grAhakavyApArI ke, dhana Adi ke sambandhoM kI carcA karate haiN| svastika kI vyAkhyA dvArA caturgati kA varNana karate haiN| grAhaka kumbha ko seTha jI ke ghara le jAtA hai| usa para kuMkuma kA puTa diyA jAtA hai / mukha para cAra pAna sajAe jAte haiN| zrIphala rakhA jAtA hai, haldI-kuMkuma chiTake jAte haiM / kumbhakAra kA jaise jIvana hI dhanya ho gayA ho / are ! jaTA haTAne para zrIphala kI UrdhvamukhI coTI mAnoM use mukti phalaprada banA rahI hai| nAriyala ko apanI kaThinatA para kSobha hai para kitanI zreSTha sUkti se bAta samajhAI gaI hai : "mRdutA aura kAThinya kI sahI pahacAna tana ko nahIM,/hRdaya ko chUkara hotI hai|" (pR. 311)
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________________ 130 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA seTha pUjA kArya ko prasannatA se karatA hai aura isI prasaMga meM kavi muni ke AhAra kI pUrI caryA kA vRttAnta, vidhi Adi samajhA dete haiN| bhAgyazAlI seTha ke yahA~ muni AhAra kA suyoga banatA hai aura dhanya ho jAtA hai seTha kA jIvana / dAtA kA guNa viveka honA caahie| tabhI dAna kI sArthakatA hai / vivekI vyakti ke guNa mAnava ke utkarSa ke guNa haiN| "pAtra se prArthanA ho/para atireka nahIM,/isa samaya saba kucha bhUla sakate haiM/para viveka nhiiN|... aMga-aMga se/vinaya kA makaraMda jhare,/para, dInatA kI gandha nhiiN|" (pR. 319) AcArya dAnadAtA ke lakSaNa aura guNoM kI vizeSa carcA prastuta karate hue hamArA mArga prazasta karate haiM ki hama kaise dAtA bneN| muni ko AhAra dene kA saubhAgya seTha prApta karatA hai / munizrI pUrI AhAra kI caryA kA AlaMkArika bhASA meM varNana karate haiM / par3agAhana se bhojana kI samApti taka kI kriyA itanI saTIka va citrAMkana pUrNa hai ki lagatA hai hama AhAra ko nikale evaM par3agAhana svIkArate hue, muni ko AhAra lete va dete hue muni va bhaktajana kA citra hI nihAra rahe hoM / sAtha hI muni kI kriyA-lakSaNa kA punaH prastutIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / eka lakSaNa dekhie : "jinake pAsa saMga hai na saMgha,/jo ekAkI haiM, phira cintA kisakI unheM ?/sadA-sarvathA nizcinta haiM, aSTAdaza doSoM se duur|" (pR. 327) (yaha prakaraNa municaryA ke antargata ArAdhyabhUta arahanta prabhu kA lakSaNa hai|) muni to indriyasaMyamI haiN| unheM to khaTTe-mIThe, rUkSa-snigdha padArthoM se kyA matalaba ? unheM to tapasyA meM rata zarIra ko IMdhana denA hai / bhUkha to moha aura asAtA karma ke udaya kA pariNAma hai| tabhI ve kahate haiM : "jJAna ke sAtha sAmya bhI anivArya hai/zramaNa kA zrRMgAra hI samatA-sAmya hai|" (pR. 330) AhAra ke isa prasaMga meM mahattvapUrNa bAta hai ki seTha ke yahA~ svarNa-rajatakalazoM meM vividha rasa vyaMjana haiM, sAdhu kI a~julI ina kImatI ghaTa padArthoM ke lie nahIM khulatI / para, miTTI ke ghaTa meM bhare jala ko dene kI prakriyA meM aMjulI khula jAtI hai| jo saubhAgya ratna rajata-svarNa ke ghaToM ko nahIM milA, vaha miTTI ke ghaTa ko prApta hotA hai / seTha kI aMgulI para zobhita ratnajar3ita mudrikA Aja dhanya ho gaI muni ke pAda-prakSAlana kA suyoga pAkara / kAna ke kuNDala kapoloM para damakate haiN| spardhA vikAsa ke lie uttama hai para usameM aham ke utpanna hone kI sambhAvanA bhI chipI rahatI hai jo patana kA kAraNa banatI hai / seTha ke lalATa kI laTa Age Akara mAnoM munivara se mukti kI yAcanA karatI hai / AhAra kI samApti para seTha karabaddha hokara pAtra se yahI prArthanA karatA hai : "Azu AzIrvAda mile/zIghra Tale viSayoM kI AzA, basa!" (pR. 344) muni bhI saMsAra ko jAnane-dekhane kI, jJAtA-draSTApana rUpa dRSTi kA saMkSipta udbodhana dekara vana kI ora sAdhanArtha vihAra karate haiM / seTha bhI jaise kisI cumbakIya zakti se Abaddha ho - muni ke pIche-pIche nikala par3atA hai / muni ke dvArA lauTa jAne ke saMketa para bhI vaha lauTatA nahIM / Atma-AlocanA hI karatA hai / unase aneka prazna karatA hai / muni vAtsalyamayI mA~ kI taraha praznoM ke uttara dekara usakI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karate haiN| unake vacanAmRta se yahI bodha ni:sRta hotA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 131 "apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/...AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI/sahI puruSArtha hai|" (pR. 349) aneka udAharaNoM se samajhakara seTha vApisa lauTatA hai| seTha kI vedanA isa viyoga se atyanta bar3ha gaI hai| usakI dazA dekhie: "sahapAThiyoM ke samakSa/parAbhava-janita pIr3A se bhI/kaI gunI adhika pIr3A kA anubhava ho rahA hai/isa samaya seTha ko| DAla ke gAla kA rasa-cUsana/pUrNarUpa se chUTane se dhUla meM gire phUla-sama/AtmIyatA kA alagAva sAtha le zeSa rahe atyalpa sAhasa sameta/ghara kI ora jA rahA setth"|" (pR. 350) usakI sthiti mA~ se bichur3e zizu-sI dIna, vasanta ke anta para du:khI vRkSAvalI evaM DUbate, du:khI sUrya-sI ho rahI hai| seTha kI sthiti dvArA mAnoM AcArya kaha rahe haiM ki santa samAgama ke pazcAt aisA hI vairAgya bhAva evaM saMsAra ke prati nirmoha utpanna honA caahie| kumbha ke upadeza mAnoM svayaM AcArya ke upadeza hoM, jo seTha ko nahIM, hama sabako die jA rahe haiN| kaisA parivartana ! seTha sAre vaibhava kA tyAga kara mATI ke ghaTa ko svIkAra karatA hai / kuTumba ke loga bhI usakA samarthana karate haiM, vaibhava kA nhiiN| kavi mRttikA ghaTa se IrSyA, mAna karane vAle svarNa-rajata-ratnaghaToM kI IrSyApUrNa mana:sthiti kA prabhAvaka DhaMga se Atmakathana zailI meM varNana karatA hai / ghaTa nirjIva na rahakara mAnoM dehadhArI, rAga-dveSa se pIr3ita dRSTigata hote haiN| kavi yahA~ manuSya kA mUlyAMkana usake karmoM se evaM sad vyavahAra se karanA cAhatA hai, mAtra kula yA jAti se nahIM, jo kavi kA vizAla rASTrIya dRSTikoNa hI hai : "ucca-ucca hI rahatA/nIca-nIca hI rahatA/aisI merI dhAraNA nahIM hai, nIca ko Upara uThAyA jA sakatA hai,/ucitAnucita samparka se saba meM parivartana sambhava hai |/prntu ! yaha dhyAna rahezArIrika, Arthika, zaikSaNika Adi/sahayoga-mAtra se nIca bana nahIM sakatA ucca/isa kArya kA sampanna honA sAttvika saMskAra para AdhArita hai|" (pR. 357) 'raja' isalie pUjya hai ki vaha pUjya caraNoM se sevita raja hai / para raja kA sthAna cyuta honA duHkhadAyI bhI banatA hai / AcArya zramaNa ke guNoM kI carcA karate hue use samatAvAn abhayadAtA batAte haiM aura zramaNa to zrama-saMskRti kA janaka-poSaka evaM preraka haiM-'zrama kare so zramaNa' (pR. 362) / are ! dhana ke abhimAnI ghaTa santa para bhI pakSapAta ke Aropa lagAne se nahIM cUkate / are ! vaha kyA jAneM mUlyavAn vastuoM kA upayoga- aisA parihAsa bhI karate haiN| para ye bahumUlya anutpAdaka ghaTa kyA jAneM miTTI kI mahimA ko ! jo kabhI dravita hI nahIM hue : "dukhI-daridra jIvana ko dekhakara/jo dravIbhUta hotA hai vahI dravya anamola mAnA hai|" (pR. 365) mATI to apane garbhaja bIja ko svayaM TUTa kara bhI panapane kA avasara detI hai| phira dhana kI saMgati prAyaH vyakti ko durgandhayukta, svArthamayI hI banAtI hai / yahA~ AcArya yugadraSTA kavi kI bhUmikA meM vartamAna pU~jIvAda, usake dukhada
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________________ 132 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pariNAmoM, samAja kI asamAna vyavasthA para vicAra prakaTa karate haiN| kisI bhI kArya meM dhyeya kI dRr3hatA hI mahattvapUrNa hotI hai, anyathA caMcalatA vaise hI Aga lagA degI jaise mazAla / manuSya kA jIvana mazAla-sA bhamakane vAlA nahIM honA cAhie apitu dIpaka-sA saumya, andhakAra ko pIne vAlA honA cAhie / patha-darzaka honA cAhie / AcArya kavi vividha mUlyavAn ghaToM ke AkroSa dvArA mAnava mana ke svabhAva, usake kaSAyabhAva Adi kA varNana karate hue usase chUTane kA mArga hI prazasta karate haiN| ghaToM ke saMvAda dvArA tattva nirUpaNa va unakI sarala bodhagamya vyAkhyAe~ nirUpita huI haiN| samatA kA eka udAharaNa: "kisI raMga-rogana kA mujha para prabhAva nahIM, sadA-sarvathA eka-sI dazA hai merI/isI kA nAma to samatA hai|" (pR. 378) manuSya meM bhogoM ke prati anAsakti bar3he, yahI saMyama ke lie Avazyaka hai| ____ Aja mRttikA ghaTa akelA par3a gayA / dUsarI ora aneka bahumUlya ghaTa apanA bahumata banA lete haiM / Aja ke janatantra kI yahI to viDambanA hai ki bahumata ke kAraNa pAtra ko bhI apAtra kI koTi meM A jAnA par3atA hai| __ Aja ghara ke sabhI loga prasanna haiM, kyoMki sAdhu kA AhAra nirvighna samApta ho gyaa| mAnoM unheM manovAMchita phala mila gyaa| seTha ko nIMda nahIM AtI / saMsAra ke prati jaise nAtA hI TUTa gyaa| dhana ke prati moha samApta ho gyaa| kavi sAmAjika pariveza ko bhUlA nahIM tabhI to vivAha jaise saMskArI kArya meM daheja ko ghRNita mAnakara dhana lolupoM para vyaMgya karatA hai : "lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI/prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR. 386) Aja majadUra yA kisAnoM ko kama vetana dekara seTha loga jo zoSaNa kara rahe haiM, use bhI kavi bhUlA nhiiN| mAnavatA kA lopa mAnava kaise kara rahA hai, isakI ora bhI kavi kA nirdeza hai / seTha asvastha ho ge| bhUkha-pyAsa ke kAraNa kamajora ho ge| aisI sthiti kA kavi yathArtha citraNa hI nahIM karatA apitu sahI bodha dekara yahI samajhAtA hai ki mAtra zarIra sukhAnA dharma nahIM hai : "tana kI bhI cintA honI cAhie,/tana ke anurUpa vetana anivArya hai, mana ke anurUpa vizrAma bhii|/maatr damana kI prakriyA se/koI bhI kriyA phalavatI nahIM hotI hai,/kevala cetana-cetana kI raTana se,/cintana-manana se kucha nahIM milatA !" (pR. 391) kavi prakRti aura puruSa ke bhogya-bhogyA sambandhI carcA karate hue viSaya-vAsanA ke duSpariNAma ko samajhAtA hai| vAsanA puruSa ko kitanA behAla banA sakatI hai, isakA varNana prastuta kiyA hai : "yahI to puruSa kA pAgalapana hai/ "pAmara-pana jo yugoM-yugoM se/vivaza ho,/havasa ke vaza hotA AyA hai|" (pR. 394) vartamAna cikitsakoM kI lobhavRtti bhI kavi kI kalama se baca nahIM skii| cikitsaka kA kartavya usakI nirlobha vRtti kA paricaya detA hai| rogI ke lie pathya kitanA Avazyaka hai, ise bhI batalAnA nahIM bhUlatA / AcArya jaise eka kuzala cikitsaka kI bhUmikA hI adA kara rahe haiN| bauddhika kavi 'za-sa-pa' tIna akSaroM meM dharma kI apAra bhAvanAe~ vyakta karatA hai / 'za' kaSAya kA zamana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 133 karatA hai aura 'sa' sahaja sukha kA sAdhana hai to 'Sa' pApa-puNya se mukta hone kA pratIka hai| isI sandarbha meM kavi 'bhU' zabda se dharatI ke aneka guNa, rUpa kA varNana bhI kara detA hai / kuzala cikitsaka davA aura upadeza dvArA tana-mana donoM kA upacAra karatA hai / prAkRtika cikitsA meM vizvAsa vyakta karatA hai| vaha mATI ke upacAroM ko vistArapUrvaka prastuta karatA hai / kavi isI sandarbha meM vANI kI mahattA pratipAdita karatA hai / usake svarUpoM ko prastuta karate hue eka bhASAvaijJAnika kI bhA~ti usake uccAraNa, sthAnoM, prabhAva Adi kA varNana kara 'baikharI vANI' para vizeSa vicAra prastuta karatA hai / 'baikharI' kI vyAkhyA bhI apane DhaMga se karate hue use pramAda yA ajJAna se mukti dilAne vAlI mAnatA hai / muni dhyAna kI carcA karate samaya usake upayukta samaya sthAna kA nirdeza karatA hai| ayogya samaya meM yadi dhyAna kriyA kI jAe to ulaTe nukasAna karatI hai : "yoga ke kAla meM bhoga kA honA / roga kA kAraNa hai, / aura bhoga ke kAla meM roga kA honA / zoka kA kAraNa hai / " (pR. 407 ) kavi davA ke sevana meM bhI nirdoSa Ayurvedika davAoM ke prayoga kI himAyata karatA hai / videzI hiMsAtmaka, bahumUlya davAe~ khAne kA roga bhI amIroM ko hI hotA hai| muni kI dRSTi kA painApana dekhie-- vaha hamAre rasoI ghara ke bartanoM se kitanA paricita hai| are ! Aja ke loga sone, cA~dI, tA~be evaM pItala ke zuddha bartanoM ke sthAna para lohe ke yAnI 'sTIla' ke bartanoM ke pIche pAgala ho rahe haiN| are ! jela meM bhI lohe kI hathakar3iyA~ pahanAI jAtI haiM to kyA hama ina bartanoM ke upayoga dvArA kahIM apane svAsthya ko jela meM to nahIM DAla rahe ! yaha kaisA yuga ! sonA gayA to lohA hI raha gayA / vartamAna meM jIbha kI lolupatA aura khAdyAnna meM milAvaTa kitanI khataranAka hai, isa ora bhI ve iMgita kara rahe haiN| aisA bhojana hI Aja dAha roga, raktacApa, hRdaya roga Adi kA kAraNa bana rahA hai / kavi ko cintA hai samAja ke svAsthya kI / kavi dhana ke ativyaya kA pakSapAtI nahIM / use mitavyaya meM AsthA hai / svarNa Adi ghaToM ke itane AkrozAtmaka kaTuvacana ke bAda bhI miTTI ke kumbha para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA / vaha to kSamA guNa se muskarAtA hai| seTha bhI usI ko svIkAra karate haiN| isase krodhAgni, IrSyAgni se pIr3ita ho sabhI hiMsA aura AtaMkavAda para utara Ate haiM / "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai / " (pR. 418) yaha AtaMkavAda 'para' evaM 'sva' sabake lie ghAtaka hI hotA hai / kavi AtaMkavAda ke udbhava, kArya aura pariNAmoM kI bhayAnakatA kA citra prastuta kara mAnoM vartamAna AtaMkavAda ke viSaya meM apane bhAva prastuta karatA hai| usakA bhAva hai ki ye AtaMkavAda samApta ho, kyoMki yaha sabake lie dukhada hai| AtaMkavAda kabhI vyakti kI pahicAna nahIM karatA / vaha dosta - duzmana ke bheda ko bhUla jAtA hai / ata: eka parivAra ke kAraNa anya duHkhI nA hoM, isa bhAva se kumbha seTha ko saparivAra nikala bhAgane kI salAha detA hai| seTha svIkAra karatA hai / isa khaNDa kI yaha upakathA bar3I hI rocaka, romAMcaka hai| kathA tathya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa hai / bhAga hue parivAra ko jaMgala meM siMha prema se, ahiMsA se abhaya-dAna dekara svAgata karatA hai / yaha dharma kA hI prabhAva kahA jaaegaa| AtaMkavAda jora-zora se pIchA kara rahA hai| kavi ne AtaMkavAda ke raudra svarUpa kA yathAtathya citraNa kiyA hai, mAnoM raudra rasa hI rUpa dhAraNakara avatarita huA ho| kucha paMktiyA~ dekhie :
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________________ 134 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " jo bAra - bAra hoThoM ko cabA rahe haiM, / krodhAviSTa ho rahe haiM, pariNAmasvarUpa, hoThoM se / lahU Tapaka rahA hai ... jinakA tana gaThIlA hai / jinakA mana haThIlA ... mastaka ke bAla / saghana, kuTila aura kRSNa haiM ... jinake aMga-aMga ke andara / dayA kA abhAva hI bharA hai|" (pR. 427-428) para aise duSToM se gajadala bhI parivAra ke cAroM ora khar3A hokara unakI rakSA karatA hai / kavi yahI to kahanA cAhatA hai ki jaba manuSya krUra pazu bana jAtA hai taba pazu hI usakI rakSA karate haiM / kavi ne isa raudra rasa ke pariprekSya meM prakRti kA bhI aisA hI bhayAvaha rUpa prastuta kiyA hai| are ! dharma kA prabhAva to dekho ! svayaM hiMsAtmaka sarpa bhI viSa ko tyAga parivAra kI rakSA ko daur3A AyA / AtaMkavAda ke pA~va ruka ge| bhayabhIta hue / kavi sarpa kI - 'uraga' kI bhUmikA para sundara zabdoM kA citra upasthita karatA hai / Aja padavAle kitane ghRNita ho gae haiM : "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu / para ko pada - dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|" (pR. 434) AtaMkavAda jhAr3iyoM meM chipa gyaa| lagatA hai jahara se jahara kA prativAda ho gyaa| kavi nATaka kA prayoga karatA hai / yaha bAta kucha samajha meM nahIM AI ki isakI kyA AvazyakatA thI ? isI samaya jora kI A~dhI, tUphAna, varSA kA tANDava pralaya kA bhayAvaha rUpa dhAraNa kara uThatA hai / yaha prakRti kA hI AtaMka mAnA jaaegaa| tabhI to kavi kahatA hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI / dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441 ) para, dharma kA kavacadhArI parivAra isa Apatti meM bhI surakSA pAtA rahatA hai / lagatA hai kavi mAnatuMga ke 'bhaktAmara' ke ina bhAvoM ko vANI de rahA hai, jahA~ aneka kaSTa A~dhI, tUphAna, roga Adi meM bhI bhakta kA rakSaNa hotA hai / aura yaha zraddhA bhI dRr3ha karatA hai ki dharma ke sambaladhArI kA Adhi-vyAdhi-upAdhi koI bhI kucha nahIM bigAr3a sktiiN| nadI meM uphAna hai / bhayAnaka jalacara haiN| para parivAra kI zAntamudrA dekha unake hiMsaka bhAva bhI tirohita ho gae haiN| parivAra ko aba nadI pAra karanA hai| nadI meM tUphAna hai| ulaTI dizA meM tairanA hai| nadI meM bha~vareM uTha rahIM haiM / ina bha~varoM meM siMha jaisA balazAlI bhI samAdhistha ho jAtA hai| isa ghaTanA se parivAra kA dhairya TUTa nA jAe, ataH kumbha nadI ko lalakAra kara kahatA hai ki he pApa pA~vavAlI nadI ! tU inakA kucha nahIM bigAr3a sktii| ye to pAragAmI jIva haiM / are ! isa gAgara meM sAgara ko bhara lene kI kSamatA hai, kyoMki hama dharatI ke aMza haiM, aura dharatI kA artha hai jo tAre, uddhAra kare / basa phira kyA thA ! kumbha apane gale kI rassI se pUre parivAra ko krama se bA~dha kara pAra lagAne utara par3atA hai pracaNDa nadI ke pravega meM / zraddhAvAn bhaktoM ko kahIM-na-kahIM se madada mila hI jAtI hai| yahI to zubhakarma kA puNyodaya hai| kumbha ke isa sAhasa aura parivAra ke rakSaNa hetu eka mahAmatsya prasanna hokara eka aisI muktA kA dAna detA hai jisase dhAraka abAdha jala meM bhI patha pA sake / yadyapi yaha eka camatkAra hI hai - tathApi nirdeza hai puNyodaya kA / kavi sUkti ke prayoga se kahatA hai :
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________________ 66 'bina mA~ge motI mile / mA~ge mile na bhIkha' aura yaha phala/tyAga-tapasyA kA hai seTha jI !" (pR. 454) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 135 ghaTa parivAra ko bA~dhate samaya bhI bar3A hRdayasparzI tathya prastuta karatA hai ki yadyapi bandhana kabhI, kisI ko bhI rucikara nahIM hote parantu kabhI-kabhI vaha Avazyaka bhI hote haiN| pUrI zraddhA se eka patalI rassI kA sahArA lekara seTha parivAra dhArA meM kUda jAtA hai| zraddhAlu ko nadI ke magaramaccha bhI abhayadAna hI dete haiM / are ! unake bhAva bhI badala jAte haiM : " parivAra kI zAnta mudrA dekha / kSobha kA nUtana prayoga karanA jo mUla-dharma hai unakA / bhUla se gaye haiM, unakI vRtti meM AmUla-cUla / parivartana-sA A gayA hai|" (pR. 445) ghaTa kI AsthA, seTha kI dRr3ha zraddhA evaM camatkAra ke kAraNa tUphAna, bha~vara kA saMkaTa Tala jAtA hai / kumbha kA ceharA prasannatA se damakane lagatA hai jaise koI vidyArthI prathama zreNI meM uttIrNa huA hai / AtaMkavAda nadI se sabhI ko Dubone kI salAha detA hai, para nadI to mA~ hai - aise Adeza yA kathana kA pAlana kyoM kare ? AtaMkavAda to mArga virodhI bana kara nadI se pAra hue parivAra para punaH upasarga ke rUpa meM patthara barasAne lagatA hai / isI ghaTanA ke pariprekSya meM kavi samAjavAda kI dhArA para vicAra prastuta karatA hai| hakIkata meM hama bhagavAn mahAvIra kI samatA ko samajhe hI nahIM / aura hamane samAjavAda kA artha bhI vikRta kara diyA / vaha eka mAtra rAjanItika nArA banakara raha gayA / para AcArya samAjavAda ke vAstavika artha ko samajhAte haiM : " pracAra-prasAra se dUra/ prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA jIvana hI samAjavAda hai / / samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se samAjavAdI nahIM banoge / " (pR. 461) samatA, pattharoM se loga lahUluhAna hue / seThajI samatAdhArI haiM para parivAra duHkha se pIr3ita hai / seTha kI mAnoM ahiMsA, dhairya kI kasauTI para parIkSA hI ho rahI hai| vaha apanI jAna kI bAjI lagAkara bhI peTa ke nIce kumbha ko chipAkara usakI rakSA karatA hai / yahI to sajjanatA hai ki vyakti apane rakSaka kI rakSA meM jI-jAna lagA de| punaH, AcArya ka camatkAra ko mUrta rUpa dete haiN| isa upasarga se rakSA hetu jaladevatA apanI vikriyA- vidyA se parivAra ke cAroM ora rakSAmaNDala kara vRtta racAte haiM / are ! AtaMkavAda ke dvArA pheMke gae jAla se pavana rakSA karatA hai| pUre dala ko eka bAra uchAla kara jala meM pheMkatA hai| nAva cakravAta meM pha~sa kara cakarAne lagatI hai / yaha thA rakSaNa ke lie eka kar3avA upAya / samaya bItatA hai| nAva kinAre lagatI hai| parivAra kI mUrcchA TUTatI hai, para puna: AtaMkavAda kA vikRta svara gU~jatA hai / kavi yahA~ punaH samAjavAda kA mUlyAMkana karatA hai aura eka aise kaTu satya ko prastuta karatA hai ki cora se adhika pApI use cora banAne vAle hote haiM : " cora itane pApI nahIM hote / jitane ki coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) kavi sItA kA udAharaNa prastuta karate hue bAta ko adhika spaSTa karatA hai ki rAvaNa dvArA sItA ke haraNa meM sItA kA rUpa bhI eka kAraNa thA jisase rAvaNa meM aise vikArI bhAva janme / yaha sItA ke azubha karmoM kA hI phala thA / itane vikarAla kaSTa dekhakara seTha ke parivAra kA mana vicalita ho uThatA hai samarpaNa ke lie| para nadI rokatI hai ki asatya
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________________ 136 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke sAmane satya kA samarpaNa ThIka nhiiN| isase to asatya kA zAsana A jAegA tathA isase saba gar3abar3A jaaegaa| "satI anucarI ho calegI/vyabhicAriNI ke pIche-pIche / " (pR. 470) saMkaTa kI isa parAkASThA ke bAda devatAoM meM bhI mAnoM khalabalI aura lajjA phaila gii| ve sabhI seTha ke rakSaNArtha prastuta hue aura apanI majabUrI para lajjA prastuta karate haiM / antataH, vijaya zraddhA, bhakti evaM sahakArya kI hI hotI hai / AtaMkavAda kA hRdaya parivartita hotA hai / ve mA~ se kSamA-yAcanA karate haiM aura vatsalA mA~ apanI apAra karuNA dekara usakA parimArjana hI karatI hai / aba zrIgaNeza hotA hai anantavAda kA / kumbha ke pIche paMktibaddha parivAra cala rahA hai, jaise eka mA~ kI santAna eka jAna kI taraha calate haiN| itane kaSToM ke bAda bhI ve saba kI maMgala-kAmanA karate haiN| kumbha bhI taTa kA cumbana karatA hai / are ! pAra lagAne vAlI rassI kitanI bholI, sarala hai jo kaTi meM ba~dhakara, pAra lagAkara bhI isalie du:khI hai ki usake bandhana se parivAra ko kaSTa huA / AcArya nimitta aura upAdAna ke tattva darzana ko bhI samajhAte haiN| ghaTa ke kArya se mA~ ati prasanna hai| mA~ yahI upadeza detI hai ki samarpita kI hI bar3I-bar3I parIkSAe~ hotI haiN| isakA zreya kumbhakAra ko hai jisane yaha rUpa pradAna kiyaa| para, kumbhakAra adhika vinamra hai| vaha isa sabakA zreya santoM kI kRpA ko detA hai| sabhI kA dhyAna jAtA hai eka sAdhu kI ora / AtaMkavAda svayaM sAdhu se paritrANa kA mArga pUchatA hai / seTha kA parivAra gadgada hai sAdhu darzana se / sabhI aise vacana kA Agraha karate haiM jisase bhava pAra ho jaaeN| taba AcArya jaise apanI vANI se apane manobhAvoM ko prastuta karate haiM : "gurudeva ne mujhase kahA hai/ki/kahIM kisI ko bhI/vacana nahIM denA, kyoMki tumane/guru ko vacana diyA hai :/hA~ ! hA~ !/yadi koI bhavya bholA-bhAlA bhUlA-bhaTakA/apane hita kI bhAvanA le vinIta-bhAva se bharA-/kucha dizA-bodha cAhatA ho/to. hita-mita-miSTa vacanoM meM/pravacana denA-/kintu kabhI kisI ko/bhUlakara svapna meM bhI/vacana nahIM denaa|" (pR. 486) munizrI karma kA kSaya, mokSa ke mArga sambandhI apanI amRtavANI se AplAvita karate haiM / ve guru ke zabdoM para vizvAsa karane ko kahate haiM : "zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegii|" (pR. 488) isa pavitra vAtAvaraNa ko sneha, zraddhA bhakti se nihAra kara dhanya ho rahI hai muukmaattii| bhAvoM kI dRSTi se yaha kRti jitanI samRddha hai, kalApakSa kI dRSTi se bhI utanI hI samRddha hai| kAvya kI bhASA ati madhura, vicAroM ke anukUla hai / bhASA aura bhAva paraspara ke pUraka bane haiN| kavi ne gahanatama siddhAntoM ko bhI sarala bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai / kavi vidyAsAgara zabdoM ke zilpI hI nahIM, unase khelate bhI haiM, unheM mathate haiM aura nae arthoMsandarbho kA navanIta nikAlate haiN| kRti meM aneka udAraNa haiM jinameM se yahA~ kucha hI prastuta haiM jo zabdoM ke aura vaicArika vizAlatA ke paricAyaka haiM / kumbhakAra kA artha dekhie : " 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 137 bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) 'dayA' kA 'pratiloma 'yAda, sadaiva dayA kI yAda dilAtA hai / isI prakAra 'gadahA' kA artha 'roga-hAraka' hai| aura gadahA bhI dhanya hai para-dukha yA para-bhAra vahana karake / 'rassI' bhI rasa-sI hai| aura saMyamI AdamI' hI 'A damI' hai| 'kRpANa' ko duHkha hai ki usameM 'kRpA''na' hai / aura yadi bhAva nahIM to 'bhAvanA' bhI bhAva 'nA' hai| 'lAbha' viloma meM bhalA' hI karatA hai| yadi RjutA nahIM to 'namana' bhI 'na mana-sA ho jAtA hai| aura virodha meM nama''na' kI uddaNDatA kA poSaka bhI / paropakArI marakara bhI parahita karate haiM tabhI to ve 'mara hama' ke bhAva se 'marahama' banate haiN| dekhie 'do-galA' Aja jo gAlI hai, usake bhI kitane vividha bhAva vyakta kara die haiM - eka hai dvibhASI honA, dUsarA duSTa prakRti kA aura tIsarA ahaM ko do galA / 'nadI' yadi jalahIna hai to 'dIna' ho jAtI hai / kavi ne nArI ke vividha paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke uttama bhAvArtha eka-eka akSara ko lekara prastuta kie haiN| 'mahilA' dharatI ke prati AsthA jagAtI hai to 'abalA' jIvana ko jAgrata karatI hai / 'kumArI' dharA sampadA-sampannatA kI pratIka hai to 'strI' puruSa ko kuzala saMyata banAtI hai| 'sutA' sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota hai to 'duhitA' svayaM kA hita karate hue patita pati kA bhI hita karatI hai / 'mAtR' zabda sampUrNa jJAtA kA pratIka hai| 'aMganA' dvArA aMga''nA' hai / isa prakAra ke anya aneka zabda prastuta kie jA sakate haiN| kavi ne bhASA meM muhAvare, kahAvateM aura sabase adhika sUktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / inameM grAmINa tathA paramparAgata muhAvare Adi bhI haiN| kRti meM unakI bahulatA hai para kucha udAharaNa dekhie : _ "jaisI saMgati milatI hai/vaisI mati hotI hai|" (pR. 8); "AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM" (pR. 10); "pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM' (pR. 14); "bAyeM hiraNa/dAyeM jAya-/laMkA jIta/rAma ghara Aya' (pR. 25); "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai'(pR. 33); "pApI se nahIM/pApa se,/paMkaja se nahIM/paMka se/ghRNA karo"(pR. 5051); "granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai" (pR. 64); "kUpa maNDUka-sI"/sthiti hai merI" (pR. 67); "mu~ha meM rAma/ bagala meM churii|" (pR. 72); "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle haiM" (pR. 92); "mana mAyA kI khAna hai" (pR. 97); "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM" (pR. 106); "AdhA bhojana kIjie/dugaNA pAnI pIva / / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI/varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133); "dAla nahIM galanA," "cAla nahIM calanA" evaM "karavaTa badalanA" (pR. 134); "A~kha kI putaliyA~/lAla-lAla tejAbI bana gaIM" (pR. 134); "nAka meM dama kara rakhanA" (pR. 135); "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA/kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA'(pR. 135); "khoTa para coTa honA" (pR. 165); "guravela to kar3avI hotI hI hai/aura nIma para car3hI ho/to kahanA hI kyA !'' (pR. 236); "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte'' (pR. 271); "agniparIkSA ke binA Aja taka/kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM" (pR. 275); "apanI A~khoM kI lAlI/apane ko nahIM dikhatI hai| (pR. 276); "svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai"(pR. 288); "vairAgya kI dazA meM/svAgata-AbhAra bhI/bhAra lagatA hai" (pR. 353); "mAtra damana kI prakriyA se/koI bhI kriyA/phalavatI nahIM hotI"(pR. 391); "gAgara meM sAgara dhAraNa karanA"(pR. 453); "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yaha" (pR. 441); "kAI-lage pASANa para/pada phisalatA hI hai !" (pR. 11); "dA~ta mile to cane nahIM,/cane mile to dA~ta nahIM" (pR. 318); "bAla kI khAla nikAlanA"(pR. 152); "AcaraNa ke sAmane Ate hI/prAya: caraNa thama jAte haiM" (pR. 462) / kavi ne girI, chauMka, niba, maherI Adi grAmya zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai to mAhaula, yaqIna, marahama, havasa jaise
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________________ 138 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kaI urdU, arabI, fArasI zabdoM kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai| para ye grAmINa yA urdU Adi ke zabda svAbhAvika rUpa se prayukta hone se bhASA kI zobhA hI bane haiN| kavi ne apane bhAvoM ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie, lokabhogya banAne ke lie upamA, rUpaka, udAharaNa, utprekSA Adi alaMkAroM kA evaM bimba-pratIkoM kA bar3A hI sundara prayoga kiyA hai| prakRti citraNa meM bhI alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai / kRti meM aneka alaMkAroM ke udAharaNa aMkita haiM / yahA~ kucha udAharaNa hI prastuta haiM : 0 "kuzala lekhaka ko bhI,/jo naI nibavAlI/lekhanI le likhatA hai lekhana ke Adi meM/khuradarApana hI/anubhUta hotA hai|" (pR. 24) . "sAvaraNA-sAbharaNA/lajjA kA anubhava karatI, navavivAhitA tanUdarA/yU~ghaTa meM se jhaaNktii-sii"|" (pR. 30) 0 "uchalatI huI upayoga kI pariNati vaha/karuNA hai/nahara kI bhA~ti !"(pR. 155) 0 "siMha aura zvAna kA citraNa bhI/binA bole hI sandeza de rahA hai|" (pR. 169) 0 "kabhI karAla kAlA rAhU/prabhA-puMja bhAnu ko bhI/pUrA nigalatA huA dikhA, kabhI-kabhAra bhAnu bhI vaha/anala ugalatA huA dikhaa|" (pR. 182) . "dadhi-dhavalA sAr3I pahane/pahalI vAlI badalI vaha Upara se/sAdhanArata sAdhvI-sI lagatI hai|" (pR. 199) 0 "isase pichalI, bicalI badalI ne/palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I phnii|" (pR. 200) . "prabhAkara ke kara-parasa pAkara/adharoM para manda-muskAna le saravara meM sarojinI khilatI haiN|" (pR. 215) "raNabherI sunakara/raNAMgana meM kUdane vAle/svAbhimAnI svarAjya-premI lohita-locana udbhaTa-sama/yA/tapta lauha-piNDa para ghana-prahAra se, caTa-caTa chUTate/sphuliMga anucaTana-sama / " (pR. 243) 0 "Aja kA yaha dRzya/aisA pratIta ho rahA hai, ki graha-nakSatra-tArAoM sameta/ravi aura zazi meru-parvata kI pradakSiNA de rahe haiN|" (pR. 323) kavi nae yuga ke bimba-pratIkoM ko udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kara kavitA ko nae yugabodha se yukta banA sakA hai : 0 "mastaka ke bala bhU-kaNoM ne bhI/oloM ko Takkara dekara uchAla diyA zUnya meM/bahuta dUra"dharatI ke kakSa ke bAhara, 'AryabhaTTa, rohiNI' Adika/upagrahoM ko uchAla detA hai yathA prakSepAstra!" (pR. 250) 0 "yaha ghaTanA-krama/ghaNToM taka calatA rahA "lagAtAra, isake sAmane 'sTAra-vAra'/jo ina dinoM carcA kA viSaya banA hai vizeSa mahattva nahIM rkhtaa|" (pR. 251) 0 "ur3a rahe haiM bhU-kaNa !/so"aisA laga rahA, ki/hanUmAna apane sara para himAlaya le ur3a rahA ho !" (pR. 251)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 139 yadyapi pUrI kRti samagratA meM zAnta rasa kI kRti hai para kavi ne kathA ke prasaMgoM meM raudra, vIra, karuNA Adi rasoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / kahIM-kahIM kavi ne rasoM ke lakSaNoM evaM prabhAva kA bhI taTastha rUpa se varNana kiyA hai : "vIra-rasa ke sevana karane se/turanta mAnava-khUna khUba ubalane lagatA hai|" (pR. 131) para para adhikAra calAne kI bhUkha isI kA pariNAma hai / raudra rasa kA udAharaNa dekhie : "eka sAtha, sAta-sAta hAtha ke/sAta-sAta hAthI A-jA sakate itanA bar3A guphA-sama/mahAsattA kA mahAbhayAnaka/mukha khulA hai jisakI dAr3ha-jabAr3a meM/siMdUrI A~khoMvAlA bhaya/bAra-bAra ghUra rahA hai bAhara, jisake mukha se adha-nikalI lohita rasanA/laTaka rahI hai aura/jisase Tapaka rahI hai lAra/lAla-lAla lahU kI bUMdeM "sii|" (pR. 136) bIbhatsa rasa : "jisa para makSikAyeM/jo rAga kI nikAyeM haiM / viSaya kI rasikAyeM haiM/bhinabhinAne lgiiN"|" (pR. 17) isI prakAra ghRNA utpanna karane vAlA citraNa bhI hai : "zRMgAra ke bahAva meM bahane vAlI/nAsA bahane lagI prakRti kii| kucha gAr3hA, kucha patalA/kucha harA, pIlA milA mala nikalA, dekhate hI ho ghRNA!" (pR.147) zAnta rasa : "raMga aura taraMga se rahita/saravara ke antaraMga se apane raMgahIna yA raMgIna aMga kA/saMgama honA hI saMgata hai zAnta-rasa kA yahI saMga hai/yahI aMga!" (pR. 159) karuNa evaM vAtsalya rasa kI vyAkhyA dekhie : "karuNA-rasa use mAnA hai, jo/kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI/moma banA detA hai, vAtsalya kA bAnA hai/jaghanatama nAdAna ko bhI/soma banA detA hai|" (pR. 159) kavi varSA ke tANDava meM usake raudra rUpa kA varNana karate samaya bhI raudra rUpa kI abhivyaMjanA kara sakA hai| pUre citra dila meM bhaya paidA karane vAle haiN| isI prakAra AtaMkavAda kI carcA meM, nadI ke uphAna meM, bha~vara varNana meM aise hI rasoM kA paripAka draSTavya hai / isase vAtAvaraNa sajIva bana sakA hai| kavi ne isI prakAra jahA~ Avazyaka lagA hai vahA~ kaTUktiyoM kA prayoga bhI sahajatA se kiyA hai--"tuma mATI ke ugAla ho" (pR. 365); "pApa kI putalI kahIM kI' (pR. 378) / AtaMkavAda ke citraNa meM aisI kaTUktiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| isI prakAra kavi ne vyaMgya bhASA kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai / jahA~ ve samAjavAda, aparigraha, vartamAna vetanabhogI, gaNatantra Adi kI carcA karate haiM vahA~ vyaMgyAtmaka dhvani svayaM mukharita huI hai| kRti meM zabda citra sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiM / kavi zabdoM dvArA amUrta ko bhI mUrta rUpa detA gayA hai / yadyapi pUrI
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________________ 140 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA amUrta mATI kI mUrta kahAnI hai, amUrta ghaTa kI mUrta vANI hai para kavi ne inake varNana Adi meM zabda citra prastuta kie haiM / vizeSatA yaha hai ki nirjIva bhI sajIva ho uThe haiM / isake kRti meM aneka udAharaNa dekhe jA sakate haiN| eka udAharaNa dekhie jo zabda citra evaM vAtsalya kA udAharaNa hai : "mA~ kI goda meM bAlaka ho / mA~ use dUdha pilA rahI ho bAlaka dUdha pItA huA / Upara mA~ kI ora nihAratA avazya, adharoM para, nayanoM meM/aura / kapola - yugala para / " (pR. 158) aise zabda citra varSA keM tANDava yA AtaMkavAda ke prasaMga para bhI kavi ne prastuta kie haiN| kRti kI kalAtmaka vizeSatA hai usakA prakRti citraNa, vaha aisA hai jisameM sajIvAlaMkAra kA, upamAoM kA evaM vividha bhAvoM ke anurUpa Alambana, uddIpana ke rUpa meM varNana huA hai| kRti kA prArambha hI dekhie, kitanI vatsala prakRti . ke citraNa se huA hai : "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai / parantu abhI vaha / leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM, / mukha para aMcala le kara / karavaTeM le rahA hai / prAcI ke adharoM para / manda madhurima muskAna hai / sara para pallA nahIM hai/ aura siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI / raMgIna - rAga kI AbhA / bhAI hai, bhAI !" (pR. 1) kavi ne prakRti ko SoDazI nAyikA kI taraha lajjAvAn citrita kiyA hai : " lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM/ DUbatI-sI kumudinI / prabhAkara ke kara- chuvana se bacanA cAhatI hai vaha;/ apanI parAga ko - / sarAga - mudrA kopA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai / " (pR. 2) aise varNana se prakRti ke vividha nAyikA rUpa hI jaise citrita ho uThe haiN| kavi ne nadI ke varNana meM aisI hI prakRti kA citraNa kiyA hai / kavi ne SaD Rtu varNana meM prakRti sAttvika rUpa prastuta kiyA hai / kavi zIta- varSA - garamI sabhI RtuoM ke varNana meM sajIvatA zabda citroM se hI lA sakA hai / dekhie : "zIta-kAla kI bAta hai / avazya hI isameM / vikRti kA hAtha hai per3a-paudhoM kI / DAla-DAla para / pAta-pAta para / hima-pAta hai / " (pR. 90 ) badalI kA citraNa kitanA citrAtmaka hai : : "sAgara se gAgara bhara-bhara / apAra jala kI niketa huIM gajagAminI bhrama - bhAminI / dubalI-patalI kaTi vAlI gagana kI galI meM abalA-sI / tIna badalI nikala par3I haiM / " (pR. 199) sandhyA kA varNana jisameM divasa ke avasAna kA bodha hai, usakA eka udAharaNa : " dinakara tirohita huA so / dina kA avasAna - sA lagatA hai **
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 141 dikhane lagA dIna-hIna dina/durdina se ghirA daridra gRhii-saa|" (pR. 238) aura divasa ke avasAna grahaNa se pUrI prakRti hI jaise AtaMkita hai : "kAka-kokila-kapotoM meM/cIla-cir3iyA~-cAtaka-cita meM bAgha-bher3a-bAja-bakoM meM/sAraMga-kuraMga-siMha-aMga meM khaga-kharagozoM-kharoM-khaloM meM/lalita-lalAma-lajIla latAoM meM parvata-paramonnata zikharoM meM/praur3ha-pAdapoM au' paudhoM meM pallava-pAtoM, phala-phUloM meM/viraha-vedanA kA unmeSa dekhA nahIM jAtA nimeSa bhii|" (pR. 240) zabdAlaMkAroM meM yamaka, anuprAsa ke aneka udAharaNa kRti meM aMkita haiM, vizeSakara Rtu varNana meM / aise aneka citroM se pUrI kRti sajI huI hai| prakRti ke ugra rUpa kA citraNa raudra rasa kA uttama udAharaNa hai / aura kaSTa Tala jAne para nirabhra AkAza kA citraNa bar3A hI manohArI hai / zAnta rasa kA pravAha bahA hai / sarvatra varNana meM navInatA hai / isa hetu pRSTha 263-264 kI pUrI paMktiyA~ prastuta kI jA sakatI haiN| santa ke gRha tyAga ke pazcAt vana meM Azraya le rahe seTha va parivAra ko prakRti kI goda meM hI Ananda milatA hai / kavi prakRti ke citraNa kA komala svarUpa prastuta karatA hai| sthAna kI maryAdA ke kAraNa isa athAha samudra kA avagAhana apanI alpabuddhi se jitanA kara sakA, maiMne utanA kiyaa| bhAva evaM kalA pakSa donoM dRSTiyoM se pUrI kRti kI pRthak-pRthak samIkSA kI jAe to do alaga kRtiyA~ likhI jA sakatI haiN| pUrI kRti ko sAMgopAMga par3hane-manana karane ke pazcAt isa para merI dRSTi se nimnalikhita vicAra-patra prastuta kie jA sakate haiM'mUkamATI' kA bhAva pakSa : isake antargata kathA tattva, jaina darzana kI tAttvika vivecanA, samAjavAdI darzana, nArI bhAvanA, mAtRtva kI mahattA, vartamAna yuga bodha, jaina AcArAMga, prakRti citraNa, rasa nirUpaNa rakhA jA sakatA hai| kalApakSa : isake antargata 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA, chanda, alaMkAra, bhASA kI citrAtmakatA, kRti meM muhAvare evaM kahAvateM, bhASA meM bimba tathA pratIka lie jA sakate haiN| kRtikAra kI anya kAvya kRtiyoM ke mUlyAMkana ko samAviSTa karake 'AcArya kavi vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva aura kartRtva' para zodha kArya kiyA jA sakatA hai| samagratA ko canda zabdoM meM bA~dhU to itanA hI kahanA cAhU~gA ki 'mUkamATI' zarkarAyukta vaha roTI hai, jise kisI bhI jagaha se khAyA jAya, vaha mIThI hI mIThI lgegii| yaha AcAryazrI ke prati zraddhAyukta pakSapAta nahIM hai apitu kavi aura kRti kA mana-mastiSka para par3A prabhAva hai / maithilIzaraNa gupta kI bhASA meM kahU~ to 'mUkamATI' kA paThana-pAThanamanana-adhyayana karate-karate koI svayaM kavi bana jAe, yaha sambhAvya hai. atizayokti nhiiN| usI kI preraNA kA pratibimba merA manobhAva hai : 'mUkamATI bolatI hai/para,/zravaNa kI zakti apane meM sabhI ko jagAtI hai|/yh dharA kI gUMja/nabha taka gUMjatI hai / aura/hara svara/de rahA sandeza saba ko'tyAga chor3o malina tana kA/bhAra sahanA sIkha lo tuma kumbha-sI tapana sIkho agni meM tuma kumbh-sii|'
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________________ 142 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA khuda taro,/auroM ko tAro/yahI ho ArAdhanA / 'vidyA' ke jo haiM svayaM 'sAgara'/jJAna-guNa ke jo haiM Agara inhIM ke caraNoM meM nata ho-/hama kareM nita saadhnaa| mUka mATI kI sugandhI/phailatI bana Aja candana zabda ko de arhanta svAmI/kareM zekhara' caraNa vandana / ' 'mUkamATI' : satya patha se vimukha janoM ko vicAra dene vAlA kAvya DaoN. dayA prakAza sinhA 'mUkamATI' meM hamAre Asa-pAsa ke kriyAzIla jagat ke sAdhAraNa upAdAnoM ko AdhAra banAkara jIvana tathA darzana ke satya ko vyakta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / isake kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne isameM Izvara ke svarUpa, AstikatA-nAstikatA, jIvana ke uddezya Adi jaise zAzvata praznoM kA samAdhAna khojane meM ruci lI hai to sAMketika DhaMga se hI sahI, samakAlIna samAja kI jvalanta samasyAoM para bhI rozanI DAlI hai / AtaMkavAda kI samasyA ko hI leM, AcAryajI kI TippaNI hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441) 'mATI' jaisI upekSita, ati sAmAnya aura tiraskRta vastu ko kAvya kA pramukha pAtra banAnA aura dharatI ko usakI mAtA ke rUpa meM prastuta karanA anAyAsa nahIM hai, balki isake pIche AcAryajI kI yaha mAnyatA hai karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meN| eka santa dvArA likhI jAne vAlI kRti 'mUkamATI' meM kAvya ke lie Avazyaka saMvedanA aura Adarza haiM hI, sAtha hI alaMkAra, rUpaka Adi ke santulita prayoga bhI haiM / mukta chanda meM hote hae bhI 'mUkamATI' meM eka layapUrNa pravAha kI vyApti hai| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryajI kI AsthA 'vacana' meM nahIM, satya ke patha se vimukha athavA bhaTake hue logoM ko 'vicAra' dene ke prati hai / aba isa vicAra ke prabhAva kI sImAoM aura sambhAvanAoM para matabheda athavA sahamati ho sakatI hai kintu itanA to taya hai ki ukta 'vicAra' isa kRti ko ullekhanIya banAte haiN| pRSTha 43 adhomukhI jIvana urvamukhI the.... AryA jAte haiM, yayaM pr| OOR
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________________ zreSTha sAMskRtika mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' pro. (DaoN.) sItArAma jhA 'zyAma' vaidika, aupaniSadika cintanarasa se abhisiMcita tathA Adhunika vicArabinduoM ke Aloka meM upasthApita 'mUkamATI' mAnavIya saMskRti kI jIvanta gAthA hai / vivecya kAvyagrantha meM mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne sRSTi kI Arambhika sthiti se lekara mAnava vikAsa ke vividha rUpoM kA paridarzana karAte hue bar3I kuzalatA se jIvana ke carama lakSya 'kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' hindI kA, kadAcit, pahalA aisA mahAkAvya hai, jisameM adhyAtma, dharma, darzana, saMskRti, rAjanIti, samAjanIti, arthanIti Adi ko atisUkSma evaM rocaka kathA ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai / gahana cintana, prabhAvaka varNana, abhinava kAvya sauSThava, mukta chanda evaM sarala bhASA-zailI meM racita yaha vilakSaNa kAvyakRti hindI sAhitya kI viziSTa nidhi ke rUpa meM samAdRta hogI, isameM sandeha nahIM / 'mUkamATI' kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai jIvana ko usakI samagratA meM dekhane kI vyApaka dRSTi / prastuta kAvya meM pAramparika mAnyatAoM ke sAtha pragatizIla vicAroM kA gumphana maNikAMcana saMyoga kA anyatama nidarzana hai / kavi ne sampanna evaM gauravapUrNa atIta ke cintana se preraNA grahaNa kI hai, bauddhika dharAtala para samasyA saMkula vartamAna ko anuprANita kiyA hai aura sukhada bhaviSya ke lie AzApUrNa divya sandeza diyA hai| isa prakAra, mahatI kAvya pratibhA, mahat anuSThAna evaM mahaduddezya ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' ko eka saphala mahAkAvya hone kA zreya svataH prApta ho jAtA hai| : samIkSya mahAkAvya kA zubhArambha prakRti varNana se kiyA gayA "na nizAkara hai, na nizA hai/na divAkara hai, na divA, abhI dizAyeM bhI andhI haiM" (pR. 3) / kAvya kI Arambhika paMktiyoM meM prAta: kAla kA aisA nayanAbhirAma evaM AhlAdaka varNana - '"prAcI ke adharoM para / manda madhurima muskAna hai" (pR. 1) aura itanA saTIka bimba : " lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM/ DUbatI-sI kumudinI / prabhAkara ke kara- chuvana se / bacanA cAhatI hai vaha' (pR. 2) hai ki 'kAmAyanI' mahAkAvya ke 'cintA' 'lajjA' evaM 'zraddhA' sarga ke kaI manohara dRzya anAyAsa hI upasthita ho jAte haiM / hitakAritA se yukta rahanA zreSTha sAhitya kA pramukha lakSaNa hotA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne apane isa mahAkAvya meM samasta loka kI kalyANa kAmanA kI hai| unakA dRSTikoNa vibheda rahita hai / ve bar3e-choTe, dhanI - nirdhana, zikSitaazikSita sabake prati samabhAva ke AgrahI haiM jo santa paramparA kI sarvotkRSTa upalabdhi hai| sacamuca, mahAn vyakti vahI hai, jo loka ko sabhI prakAra ke tApoM se mukta kare / kavi ne bar3I spaSTatA evaM nirbhIkatA se apane pragatizIla vicAroM ko vANI dI hai : "amIroM kI nahIM / garIboM kI bAta hai; koThI kI nahIM / kuTiyA kI bAta hai / " (pR. 32 ) 33 'mUkamATI' kI uparyukta paMktiyA~ lokaduHkha se santapta santa hRdaya kI akRtrima vANI haiN| isa ukti meM saMvedanA aura sahAnubhUti ke sAtha-sAtha apekSita parivartanajanya udghoSa bhI hai, jo maharSi vedavyAsa ke svara kA smaraNa karAtA hai : "tapyante lokatApena sAdhavaH prAyazo janAH' - (zrImadbhAgavata mahApurANa, 8/7/44) / isake sAtha hI, durdharSa vyaktitva mahAkavi nirAlA kI katipaya paMktiyA~ bhI mAnasa paTala para aMkita ho jAtI haiM : 'amIroM kI havelI, kisAnoM kI hogI pAThazAlA" (belA, pR. 70 ) / yaha to nirvivAda tathya hai ki mAnava kA samyak vikAsa nahIM ho pA rahA hai| samAja meM caturdik kSobha, ghRNA, dveSa, bhaya, zoSaNa aura utpIr3ana kA vAtAvaraNa vyApta hai| saccI sahAnubhUti evaM vAstavika dayA ke binA vibheda kI khAI ko pATanA asambhava hai | damana evaM zoSaNa kI ora logoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa karate hue kavi likhatA hai :
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________________ 144 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA _ "kyA mATI kI dayA ne/kudAlI kI adayA bulAI hai ? kyA adayA aura dayA ke bIca/ghaniSTa mitratA hai !" (pR. 29) rASTrakavi rAmadhArI siMha 'dinakara' ne bhI isa vaiSamya ko dUra karane ke uddezya se kahA thA : "vRka-vyAghra-bhIti se mahI ko mukta kara do"(kurukssetr)| niHsandeha, bhayAkula pariveza, azAnta vAtAvaraNa aura krUra vyavahAra mAnava svabhAva ke viruddha hai / isI se kavi kI sthApanA hai : "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA samyak paricaya hai" (pR. 37) / hamAre deza ke mahAmuniyoM ne purAkAla se hI isa bAta para atyadhika bala diyA hai ki loka aura paraloka donoM ke lie dAna-dayA se bar3hakara kalyANakArI tattva dUsarA nahIM hai : "nAsti dAnAt paraM mitramiha loke paratra ca" (atrismRti, 150-uttraarddh)| vedanAbhivyakti kI daSTi se bhI 'makamATI' eka saphala kAvya hai| mana kI pAvanatA, karma-bhoga ke prati anAsakti evaM sAdhanA kI ekAgratA se hI manuSya dukha-mukta ho sakatA hai| paranta, manuSya apane jIvana meM sAvadhAnI nahIM baratatA / isI se upayuktatA evaM yuktiyuktatA ke abhAva meM use aneka prakAra ke kaSToM kA phala bhogane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai : "yoga ke kAla meM bhoga kA honA/roga kA kAraNa hai, aura/bhoga ke kAla meM roga kA honA/zoka kA kAraNa hai|" (pR. 407) ataeva, manuSya sAdhanA sampanna bane, sAtha hI Izvara meM pUrNa AsthA rakhe, tabhI vaha divya jIvana ke uccatama zikhara para pahu~ca sakatA hai, anyathA sAmAnya rakta-carmamaya jIvana meM use zAzvata Ananda kI upalabdhiyA~ kabhI nahIM ho sakatI : "AsthA se rItA jIvana/yaha cArmika vatana hai, mA~ !" (pR. 16) / hA~, duHkha se ghabarAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM, sAdhanArata hokara dhairyapUrvaka manuSya ko jIvana vyatIta karanA caahie| duHkha kI samApti para sukha hogA hI : "pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai" (pR. 33) / mahAdevI kA vedanAvAda bhI isI prakAra kA rahA : "dUta sA~jha kA ise prabhAtI taka calane do" (dIpazikhA, pR. 90) / __AcArya vidyAsAgara manuSya ko adhyAtmonmukha banane evaM samAja meM dhana utpAdana evaM usake vitaraNa kI samucita vyavasthA para bala dete haiN| mAnava jIvana meM jaba taka saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika stara para bhinnatA rahegI, taba taka samAja meM suvyavasthA nahIM lAI jA sakatI / ve spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate haiM : "samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/ samAjavAdI nahIM banoge" (pR. 461) / isake lie lobha ko chor3akara tyAga kI bhAvanA apanAnI hogI, kyoMki : "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai / " (pR. 192) munijI kI uparyukta paMktiyoM kI tulanA nirAlAjI kI nimnAMkita paMktiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai : "khUna cUsA khAda kA tUne aziSTa DAla para itarA rahA kaipiTalisTa / " ('kukuramuttA', pR.4) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara 'kathanI' ko gauNa, 'karanI' ko mukhya mAnate haiN| isIlie, manuSya ko ucca vicAroMvAlA, udAra dRSTikoNoMvAlA aura sabase bar3hakara sarvahita kA dhyAna rakhanevAlA bananA hai| tabhI saccA samAjavAda A pAegA : "pracAra-prasAra se dUra/prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai" (pR.461) / aisA nahIM hone para samAja meM vidveSa kI bhAvanA phailegI - anaitika kArya hone lgeNge| astu, kavi kA satparAmarza hai :
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________________ " aba dhana- saMgraha nahIM, / jana-saMgraha karo ! aura / lobha ke vazIbhUta ho / aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA samucita vitaraNa karo / anyathA, / dhanahInoM meM corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiM / " (pR. 467-468) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 145 samAja meM vyApta kSobha, asantoSa evaM arAjakatA se kavi bahuta cintita hai / jaba bhI ayogyatA ko Adara diyA jAegA tathA yogyatA kA anAdara hogA, arAjaka sthiti utpanna hogI hI : "he bhagavan ! / yaha kaisA kAla A gayA, / kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ? kyA satya zAsita hogA ? / hAya re jauharI kI hATa meM Aja hIraka-hAra kI hAra ! / hAya re, kA~ca kI cakAcauMdha meM marI jA rahI - / hIre kI jhagajhagAhaTa !" (pR. 469-470) phira, "AtaMkavAda kI jaya ho / / samAjavAda kA laya ho" (pR. 474) ke galata pracAra, vyavahAra se bhI kavi kSubdha hai / parantu, kavi nirAzAvAdI nahIM, AzAvAdI hai / vaha parAkrama evaM pauruSa kA pakSadhara hai| parizrama para pUrA vizvAsa hai use : "kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya / anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai / " (pR. 13) hA~, eka bAta kI yAda dilAnA kavi nahIM bhUlatA ki lobha-moha meM par3akara apane vyaktitva ko kabhI nahIM bhulA denA cAhie : " kintu, suno ! / bhUkha miTAne hetu / siMha viSThA kA sevana nahIM karatA' (pR. 171) / vidyAsAgara munijI dharatI aura santa kI prakRti ko apanAne para bala dete haiM, dUsaroM ke hita ke lie kaSTasahiSNu banane kI preraNA dete haiM, para sadA apane vyaktitva ke anurUpa AcaraNa kara hI : " sarvaMsahA honA hI / sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM / santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai" (pR.190) / Aja ke jIvana meM cAroM ora dizAhInatA hI dizAhInatA hai- zikSA, dharma, nIti, rAjanIti, arthanIti, samAjanIti saba kucha galata dizA kI ora agrasara hai / astu, AvazyakatA hai zAstra sammata naitika mArgoM para calane kI, jisase manuSya AtmasaMyamI ho aura vaha bhaTakAva ko chor3akara apane sahI gantavya taka pahu~ca jAe : "sahI dizA kA prasAda . hI/sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai" (pR. 352) / niSkarSataH, 'mUkamATI' AdhyAtmikatA kI pAvana pIThikA para santulita bhautikatA kA pratiSThApana, mokSadarzana ke pariprekSya meM mAnava jIvana kA zAzvata spandana hai yaha zreSTha sAMskRtika mahAkAvya / pRSTha 10 aura suno !-- aba se kaba taka ? O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : kAvya rUpa ke bahAne sphuTa vicAra pro. premazaMkara raghuvaMzI kavi karma para medinI koza meM 'kaveridaM kAryaM bhAvo vA' kahA gayA hai arthAt kavi ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA | abhinavagupta ne 'dhvanyAlokalocana' meM 'kavanIyaM kAvyam' kahA hai| kAvya kI vyAkhyA ke lie jarUrI hai ki kavi zabda ke artha ko samajhA jaae| kavi sarvajJa va draSTA hotA hai| zruti ne bhI kavi ko "kavirmanISI paribhUH svayaMbhUH" kahA hai / jaba kavi manISI hai, paribhU hai aura svayaMbhU hai, to vaha kyA karatA hai ? isa prazna kA sIdhA uttara yaha hai ki vaha kAvyakarma karatA hai / kavi ke isa karma ko 'kAvya saMsAra' kahA gayA hai| kAvya eka kalA hai jisameM anubhUti anivArya tattva hai| kroce svIkAratA hai ki kAvya abhivyaMjanA kA eka mAtra anivArya upAdAna anubhUti hai| balki yU~ kahanA hogA ki anubhUti hI vyaMjanA hai| kAvya kalA kA asalI rUpa kavi ke anta:karaNa kA vaha saundarya bodha hai, jisameM vaha kalAtmaka U~cAiyoM kI ora nirantara agrasara hotA rahatA hai| Adhunika sandarbha meM kAvya ke bAhya rUpa se sambaddha kauzala ko kAvya kalA kahA hai / kAvyAnubhUti ke sthirIkaraNa ke lie jina pratIkAtmaka upAdAnoM ko prayukta kiyA jAtA hai, ve kAvya kalA kA nirmANa karate haiM / kAvya kalA vaha racanAtmaka kauzala hai jahA~ kavi ke prayojana ke anurUpa kavitA yathocita kalpanAmaya, bhAvanAmaya aura vicAramaya hotI hai| vastuta: kAvya kalA kA vyaMjanA vyApAra vyApaka hotA hai, jahA~ rasa poSaNa ke lie kavi kaI prakAra kI yuktiyoM kA prayoga karatA hai| kAvya kalA kA anya tattva zabda-citra hai| kAvya meM prayukta vyakti athavA prasaMga ke sajIva citra zreSTha kAvya ko saundarya pradAna karate haiN| isameM sUkSma mAnasika citra bhI zAmila haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM aise aneka mAnasika citroM kA racAva jo jIvana ke sUkSma rUpa ke darzana karAne meM sakSama haiN| kAvya kalA kA eka aura pramukha aMga punarukti hai / yaha prAya: kAvya doSa ke antargata AtA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM punarukti kI vyApti hai kintu yaha kisI eka jagaha bhI kAvya ko durUha yA atiraMjita nahIM karatI, balki vyaMjita viSaya ko aura adhika kalpanAmaya, aura adhika bhAvanAmaya aura vicAramaya banAkara mUrta kara detI hai| punarukti kA aisA kauzala zAyada hI kisI mahAkAvya meM mile / kAvya kalA ke antargata hara kAla meM naI-naI paddhatiyoM kA nirmANa hotA rahA hai, jisase usa kAla kI kAvya sajjA vinyasta hotI rahI / kAvya ke jo rUpa Aja taka vizva sAhitya meM upalabdha haiM unheM prabandha aura muktaka kAvya ke antargata moTe taura para dekhA-parakhA jAtA hai / yaha bhI mAnya hotA rahA hai ki kAvya kalA kA sarvAdhika maryAdita rUpa mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya meM surakSita hai aura usakA svacchanda rUpa muktaka kAvya meM / 'mUkamATI' meM prabandha kI maryAdita kasAvaTa aura bhAvoM kA svacchanda abhivyaMjanA vyApAra eka sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai| balki kucha aura bhI, jo prabandha kAvya aura muktaka kAvya kI sImAoM ko lA~ghakara apanA alaga kAvyaloka nirmita karatA hai / isalie 'mUkamATI' eka aisI kAvyakRti hai jise mahAkAvya aura muktaka kAvya ke antargata hU-ba-hU dekhane-parakhane para pAThaka kaI jagaha dacakA khA sakatA hai / isake bAvajUda 'mUkamATI' kI gaNanA mahAkAvya meM hI karanA yuktisaMgata hogaa| vaise jayazaMkara prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' kA pratyeka sarga apane Apa meM pragIta hai kintu usameM kathAnaka kA eka aisA antaHsUtra hai jo AdyopAnta bArIkI se manu aura zraddhA ke irda-girda avasthita hokara pratyabhijJAnita hotA hai / vahA~ bhI darzana pramukha hai balki vahI udAtta nAyaka ke rUpa meM manu ke mana: saMgharSa se AkAra grahaNa karatA huA carama pariNati taka jAtA hai / prasAda ne Adhunika yuga buddhivAdI duSpariNAma peza karane ke lie zatapatha brAhmaNa meM varNita jalaplAvana vAle eka AkhyAna kA sahArA liyA hai / 'mUkamATI' bhI darzana para AdhArita mahAkAvya hai, jisakA nAyaka jaina darzana hai aura jo syAdvAda kI zailI meM mATI aura kumhAra ke mAdhyama se cAra khaNDoM meM pUre kathAnaka ko prastuta karatA hai / majA yaha hai ki kathA ke mUla pAtra kumhAra
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________________ meM mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 147 aura kabhI Alambana aura kabhI uddIpana ke rUpa meM upasthita hokara tattva darzana ke rasa kA abhisiMcana karate rahate haiN| mUla nAyaka to jina darzana hI hai| usake saMvAhaka kumhAra, ghaTa, mATI aura inase sambaddha avataraNoM kA praveza, una saba kI apane-apane DhaMga se prastuti aura unake vArtAlApa - ye saba milakara jisa vRhat pariveza kA nirmANa karate haiM, vaha mahAkAvya meM hI sambhava hai - isalie bhI 'mUkamATI' ko kAvya ke isa rUpa meM rakhakara dekhanA saMgata lagatA hai / mahAkAvya kucha aise guNa aura vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, jo cAhe zabdoM meM vyakta na hoM kintu pAThaka samAja apanI sahaja buddhi se AtmasAt kara letA hai / 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya ke sthira mAnadaNDoM aura bAhya lakSaNoM ke dvArA parakhane ke bajAya samAja svIkRti ke AdhAra para bhI dekhanA hogaa| saMkIrNa mAnadaNDoM se mahAkAvya ke svarUpa kA nirNaya karanA bemAnI hai| dekhA yaha jAnA cAhie ki mahAkAvya kI racanA kI mahattvapUrNa preraNA kyA hai, usameM kAvya pratibhA apane pUre unmeSa ke sAtha kisa chora taka vidyamAna hai, usameM gurutva kitanA hai, usakA varNya viSaya kahA~ taka yuga sApekSa hai, usakI zailI kA sammohana kitanA asaradAra hai aura usameM kitanI prANavattA maujUda hai, jisake bala para vaha eka jIvanta kathAnaka saMvarddhana karatA calatA hai| 'hindI sAhitya koza' (pradhAna sampAdaka - dhIrendra varmA) meM mahAkAvya para vicAra karate hue usakI jo eka paribhASA ho sakatI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : "mahAkAvya vaha chandobaddha kathAtmaka kAvyarUpa hai jisameM kSipra kathA pravAha yA alaMkRta varNana athavA manovaijJAnika citraNa se yukta aisA suniyojita sAMgopAMga aura jIvanta kathAnaka ho, jo rasAtmakatA prabhAvAnviti utpanna karane meM pUrNa samartha ho sake, jisameM yathArtha, kalpanA yA sambhAvanA para AdhArita aise caritra yA caritroM ke mahattvapUrNa jIvanavRtta kA pUrNa yA AMzika rUpa meM varNana ho jo kisI yuga ke sAmAjika jIvana kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM pratinidhitva kara sakeM, jisameM kisI mahatpreraNA se anuprANita hokara kisI mahAn dhyeya ke lie kisI mahattvapUrNa, gambhIra athavA rahasyamaya aura AzcaryotpAdaka ghaTanA yA yuga vizeSa ke sampUrNa jIvana ke vividha rUpoM, pakSoM, mAnasika avasthAoM aura kAryoM kA varNana aura udghATana kiyA gayA ho aura jisakI zailI itanI garimAmaya evaM udAtta ho ki yuga-yugAntara taka mahAkAvya ko jIvita rahane kI zakti pradAna kara ske|" isa rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| balki yaha vaha mahAkAvya hai jise par3hakara mahAkAvya kI bhASA meM kucha aura jor3anA apekSita lgegaa| yaha mahAkAvya kI paribhASA ke antargata hote hue bhI paribhASAtIta hai| 'mUkamATI' ke kAvyarUpa para saMkSipta carcA ke bAda una alakSita svarUpoM para sphuTa vicAra kiyA jAnA jarUrI hai jo isa mahAkAvya ke lakSya ko utkarSa taka pahu~cAte haiM / - mahAkAvya kA bIjamantra ekamAtra akSara 'bhI' hai| 'bhI' vAkya ko jor3ane kI kriyA karatA hai| alaga se isakA koI artha nhiiN| aise mahattvahIna saMyojita akSara ko mahAkAvya kI AtmA banA denA kevala AcArya vidyAsAgarajI hI kara sakate haiM aura vaha bhI eka draSTA kavi ke rUpa meM / jahA~ na to AcArya jaisA gurutva hai, na upadezaka kI bojhila mudrA / maiM z2ora dekara yaha kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki akelA 'bhI' akSara 'mUkamATI' kA sAra aMza hai, jaise ki samarasa yA Ananda zabda 'kAmAyanI' ke sAra aMza haiN| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM yaha 'bhI' bIjAkSara itane saMyata aura sUkSma rUpa meM gatimAn hai ki lagatA hai mAnoM yahI isa mahAkAvya kA antarvartI nAyaka ho / kevala eka sthAna para hI yaha prakaTa hotA hai| jahA~ khaNDado 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' ke antargata jaba kumbha para kachuvA - kharagoza kA citra sAdhaka ko sAdhanA kI vidhi batAkara saceta karatA hai ki kachuvA dhImI cAla calakara samaya ke bhItara apane gantavya taka pahu~catA hai, kyoMki vaha lakSya ke prati sajaga hai aura kharagoza sAvadhAna hokara avirala gati se na calakara rAste meM so jAtA hai| yaha pramAda hI kSipra gati se calane vAle kharagoza kA parama zatru ho jAtA hai| isa hitopadezIya loka pracalita kathA se kavivara vidyAsAgarajI ne darzaka ko jo parosA, vaha isa prakAra hai: : 'aba darzaka ko darzana hotA hai - / kumbha ke mukha maNDala para 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina do akSaroM kA / / ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM,
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________________ 148 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiN|/'hii' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka |/hm hI saba kucha haiM yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA,/tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho !/aura, 'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki/hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha! 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko/'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai/'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai, 'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya-saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa|/yhii kAraNa ki rAma upAsya hue, haiM, rahege Age bhii|/'bhii' ke Asa-pAsa bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya,/kintu bhIr3a nahIM,/'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai| loka meM lokatantra kA nIDa/taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa|/'bhii' se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM,/sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|/prbhu se prArthanA hai, ki/'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho/'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho|" (pR. 172-173) yaha akelA kAvyAMza 'bhI' aura 'hI' ko vizleSita karatA huA vidyAsAgarajI ke sampUrNa kAvya vyaktitva ko bhI vizleSita karane meM sakSama hai, jahA~ ve apane jIvana darzana ko Adhunika yuga taka vistRta kara dete haiM, jahA~ ve kevala ekAnta-anekAnta darzana kA paricaya hI nahIM karAte balki anekAnta kI sArvakAlika aura sArvabhaumika anivAryatA kI bhI pratIti karAte haiM, jo vartamAna vizva kI sAmAjika vyavasthA ke lie bhI anivArya hai / jahA~ sabhyatA, saMskRti, svAdhInatA aura mAnavIya mUlyoM kA bhAgyodaya hotA hai aura jahA~ loka jIvana apane tantra, apane niyamoM kA nirmANa kara unake antargata sAmAjika vyavahAra karatA huA paraspara ke sAhacarya bhAvoM kA mAnavIya unmeSa karatA hai / isa rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' hindI sAhitya ke antargata hamAre samaya kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA aisA mahAkAvya hai jo vizva sAhitya meM apanI pahacAna kAyama karane meM sakSama hai| jaise-jaise vizva kI mahattvapUrNa bhASAoM meM isakA anuvAda hokara sAmane Ane lagegA, vaise yaha bAta pramANita hogii| . anekAnta ke khambhoM para viracita 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya mAnane meM yadi saMkoca kareM to isake cAroM khaNDoM ko cAra khaNDakAvya to mAna leN| yadi vaha bhI nahIM to mUla kathA pravAha ke anantara bIja, bindu, patAkA, prakarI tathA dRSTAnta kathAoM vAle prasaMgoM ko muktaka kAvya ke antargata svIkAra leN| 'bhI' kI yaha chUTa koI mahAkAvya hI de sakatA hai| kAvya ke anya rUpoM meM vaha audAttya aura sAmarthya nhiiN| alaga se A~kheM nikAla kara dekhane vAlA A~khoM kA DaoNkTara kabhI nahIM hogaa| use sampUrNa zarIra ke sAtha unakI jIvantatA dekhanI hotI hai / isa rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' jaina dharma ke eka mahAn santa, mahAn AcArya aura mahAn kalyANaka dvArA racA jAkara bhI jaina dharma kA hI grantha nahIM hai / jaise ki 'mahAbhArata' yA 'rAmAyaNa' yA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' kramaza: vedavyAsa, vAlmIki aura tulasIdAsa jaise RSiyoM dvArA likhe jAkara bhI kisI eka dharma ke grantha na hokara pUrI mAnava jAti ke gaurava grantha haiN| 'mUkamATI' isI prakAra kI sAhityika kRti hai| yaha bAta kahane ke pIche eka kAraNa bhI hai / jaba nemAvara (devAsa) madhyapradeza meM pahale-pahala vidyAsAgarajI Ae to maiM bhI unheM dekhane-sunane haradA se bIca-bIca meM jAtA rahA / unake kavi rUpa se thor3A paricaya thA hI, so yaha AkarSaNa bhI rahA ki eka racanAkAra dharmanAyaka hokara kaisA mahasUsa hotA hai ? vaha kyA kahatA hai ? apane anuyAyiyoM ko kitanA mohita,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 149 sammohita karatA hai, Adi Adi bAteM mana meM thiiN| ekAdha bAra vidyAsAgarajI se bheMTa bhI huI kintu bhIr3a kI bheMTa koI bheMTa nahIM hotI, so unase koI sAhityika carcA nahIM ho sakI / vahIM ailaka abhayasAgarajI se bheMTa huI aura isa santa ke sAhityika jJAna ne majhe prabhAvita kiyaa| unhoMne majhe vidyAsAgarajI kA cAra khaNDoM meM prakAzita samagra sAhitya diyA aura Agraha kiyA ki maiM 'mUkamATI' para likhU / 'mUkamATI' isake pUrva sarasarI taura para par3ha cukA thaa| kAphI dinoM taka socatA rahA ki kyA likhU, tabhI mere mitra anUpa bajAja evaM rAjendra jaina ne batAyA ki AryikA prazAntamatIjI haradA meM cAturmAsa kara rahI haiM aura pratidina 'mUkamATI' kI vyAkhyA kara rahI haiN| mere lie yaha preraka suyoga thA / unheM lagAtAra pA~ca-sAta dina sunane gyaa| phira nahIM gayA, kyoMki ve 'mUkamATI' ko eka jaina sAdhvI ke rUpa meM samajhA rahI thiiN| vahA~ 'hI' hI pramukha thA aura mere lie 'bhI', kyoMki merI yaha mAnyatA to spaSTa thI hI ki 'mUkamATI' eka AdhyAtmika grantha ke sAtha eka zreSTha kAvyakRti bhI hai aura yahI zreSThatA mujhe usake adhyayana ko prerita kara rahI thii| yaha saba likhane ke pUrva use phira se par3hA aura par3hate-par3hate usake kAvyarUpa tathA usake kAvyavaibhava para noTsa letA rahA / inhIM betaratIba noTsa ko Abaddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / isa mAyane meM Apa ise eka pAThaka kI pratikriyA hI smjheN| bhI' ke kAvya sAmarthya para saMkSipta carcA ke bAda dUsarI bAta jo isa mahAkAvya meM vilakSaNa hai, vaha hai isakI abhidhAmUlaka zakti / AcArya mammaTa ne 'kAvyaprakAza' meM likhA hai : "sa mukhyo'rthastatra mukhyo vyApAro'syAbhidhocyate" yAni ki vaha sAkSAt sAMketika artha jise mukhya artha kahA jAtA hai, usakA bodha karAne vAle vyApAra ko abhidhA vyApAra yA zakti kahate haiM / isa zakti ke dvArA rUr3ha, yaugika aura yogarUr3ha rUpa ina tIna zabdoM kA arthabodha hotA hai| abhidhA dvArA pAThaka ke mana para zabda ke artha kA sIdhA prakSepaNa hotA hai / yadi kAvya ke rUpoM ko zabda zakti ke AdhAra para dekhA jAe to nairaeNTiva aura kathAtmaka hone ke kAraNa mahAkAvya kI abhivyakti adhikatara abhidhAmUlaka zakti dvArA sampanna hotI hai, kintu lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA (zakti) jo kAvyadIpti pradAna karatI haiM, usakA Ananda hI kucha aura hai / vahA~ eka-eka zabda aura eka-eka vAkya apanI anekAneka dhvaniyA~ taraMgita karate hue kaI-kaI arthoM taka le jAne meM samartha hote haiN| kavivara vidyAsAgara ne abhidhA kA mArga hI apanAyA aura isI zakti ko jahA~ jarUrata par3I vahA~ lakSaNA bhI banAyA aura vyaMgyArthI bhI / abhidhA se vidyAsAgarajI ne kAvya saMvarddhana ke sabhI kAma lie, mAnoM use dIkSita kara apane kAvyasaMgha meM zAmila kara liyA ho / abhidhA zakti jana-jana ke mana meM praveza karatI hai| cAhe sabhA meM bolanA ho athavA satsaMga karanA yA jaTila se jaTila sUtra ko hareka ke lie AsAna karanA - yaha saba isI zakti se sambhava hotA hai| kAvya meM yaha zakti tIsare darje kI mAnI jAtI hai| ise pahale darje para lAkara pratiSThita karane ke lie kavi meM puruSArtha caahie| cAhe jo yaha nahIM kara sakatA hai| vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' meM abhidhA zakti ko apane abhivyaMjanA vyApAra se isa kadara samartha banA diyA hai ki lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA zakti usake sAmane pAnI bharane lagatI haiM balki unhoMne tInoM zaktiyoM ke trailokya ko eka loka meM hI pariNata kara diyA / yaha hai kavivara vidyAsAgarajI kI abhivyaMjanA kA apanApana / sahaja honA bahuta kaThina hai / jo kaThina se kaThinatara prayogoM dvArA sahaja kI khoja karate haiM, unheM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne batA diyA ki sahaja honA bahuta AsAna hai / bazarte kalAtmaka vakratA na ho / tulasI ne likhA hai : "calai bakragati. jadyapi salila smaan|" are bhAI! jaba vasta sampadA (viSaya vasta yA varNya vasta) samAna hai to vahA~ vakra gati se joMka cAla calane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? unakI abhidhA zakti trimukhI hai, jahA~ usake mUla abhidheyArthI mukha ke sAtha lakSyArthI aura vyaMgyArthI mukha bhI haiN| tInoM mukhoM kA poSaka vadana eka hI hai / abhidhA se lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA vyApAra kA kAma vidyAsAgarajI kisa taraha lete haiM, usakI do-eka bAnagI dekheM: 0 "kama-se-kama ise suna to lo!/.."phira tolo !" (pR. 375) 0 "jIvana kA, na yApana hI/nayApana hai/aura/naiyApana !" (pR. 381) joMka jala
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________________ 150 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yahA~ 'to' 'lo' evaM 'tolo' tathA 'na yApana' aura 'nayApana' tathA 'naiyApana' jaise sIdhe sAMketika artha vAle mukhyArthaka zabdoM se kamAla kI lakSyArthaka aura vyaMgyArthaka artha dhvaniyA~ sphuTita huI haiN| isakA ahasAsa AsAnI se ho sakatA hai / aise saikar3oM udAharaNa haiM 'mUkamATI' meM, jahA~ kavivara vidyAsAgara ne abhidhA se hI abhivyaMjanA ke kamAla dikhAe haiN| aisA karanA asAdhAraNa zilpI kA hI kAma hai / eka bAta aura / vaha yaha ki abhidhAmUlaka kAvya vyApAra meM zabdoM kI bharamAra kI guMjAiza rahatI hai| phira vaha mahAkAvya kI racanA ho, taba to aura bhI / kintu 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA racanAkAra zabdADambara ko anarthakArI mAnatA hai| kama se kama zabdoM se adhika arthavAn karma karAnA hI to kavi karma kA kauzala hai / zabdoM kI phijUlakharcI bhI eka prakAra kI hiMsA hai, unheM bilAvajaha upasthita kara unako niSprANa banAnA hai yA thor3e se kAma ke lie adhika logoM ko ikaTThA karane kI vivekahIna kriyA hai, yA jhUThA masTara rola bharane jaisA kAma hai, jahA~ kAma karane vAle nahIM hote unake nAma hote haiM, jinake Age hAz2irI bharI jAtI rahatI hai aura hara haphte unakI majadUrI jAlI hastAkSara karake masTara rola vAle munIma dvArA har3apa lI jAtI hai| vidyAsAgarajI to dArzanika zabdAvalI se maNDita bhASA ko hI kAvyAtmaka banAkara kifAyata se prayukta karate haiM, jaise : "hA~ ! hA~ !!/adhUrI dayA- karuNA / moha kA aMza nahIM hai apitu / AMzika moha kA dhvaMsa hai|" (pR. 39) kavitA racanA ke vakta vyAkaraNa ke niyama kAma nahIM aate| mukta chanda meM to aura bhI nahIM / kAvya racanA meM kavi bhASA ke kSetra meM niraMkuza hone taka kI chUTa le letA hai| isake aneka kAraNa haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke kavi meM vyAkaraNa kI koI khoTa naz2ara nahIM AI / isa mahAkAvya ko par3hakara Azvasti hotI hai ki padya kI bhASA ko bhI vyAkaraNa samma banAyA jA sakatA hai aura bhASA meM prayukta hone vAle virAma cihna bhI kavitA meM abhivyakti ko mukhara karane meM sahAyaka ho sakate haiM / aneka sthaloM para to AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI mUla dhAtu ke AdhAra para unakI yathArUpa vivecanA karate hue viSaya ko vistAra diyA, jaise : 64 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama / 'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM / dharma, artha, kAma - puruSArthoM meM puruSa ko kuzala - saMyata banAtI hai / so 'strI' kahalAtI hai / o, sukha cAhanevAlo ! suno, /'sutA' zabda svayaM sunA rahA hai. : 'su' yAnI suhAvanI acchAiyA~ / aura / 'tA' pratyaya vaha bhAva-dharma, sAra ke artha meM hotA hai / yAnI, / sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota so'sutA' kahalAtI hai /yahI kahatI haiM zruta-sUktiyA~ ! / do hita jisameM nihita hoM vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai / apanA hita svayaM hI kara letI hai, patita se patita pati kA jIvana bhI / hita sahita hotA hai, jisase vaha duhitA kahalAtI hai / / ... hameM samajhanA hai / 'mAtR ' zabda kA mahattva bhI / pramANa kA artha hotA hai jJAna / prameya yAnI jJeya / aura / pramAtR ko jJAtA kahate haiM santa / jAnane kI zakti vaha/mAtR-tattva ke sivA / anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotI / yahI kAraNa hai, ki yahA~ / koI pitA- pitAmaha, puruSa nahIM hai jo saba kI AdhAra zilA ho, / saba kI jananI / mAtra mAtRtattva hai mAtR-tattva kI anupalabdhi meM / jJeya - jJAyaka sambandha Thap !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 151 aisI sthiti meM tuma hI batAo, / sukha-zAnti mukti vaha kise milegI, kyoM milegI/ kisa - vidha? / isIlie isa jIvana meM mAtA kA mAna-sammAna ho, / usI kA jaya-gAna ho sadA, / dhanya !" (pR. 205 - 206) aise aneka sthala haiM jahA~ 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra kA AcAryatva garimA ke sAtha prakaTa huA hai kintu dUsarI ora zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke kavi kA lokavyApI vyaktitva bhI kama garimAmaya nahIM hai, jahA~ ve sadhukkar3I bhASA meM zloka jaisI sUktiyoM kI racanA karate jAte haiN| aisI padAvaliyA~ lokoktiyoM kI zakla aqhtiyAra karake loka ke jIvana meM bhI Ananda kA saMcaraNa karane meM sakSama hotI haiM, jaise : O " AdhA bhojana kIjie / dugaNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI / varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) 66 0 'Amada kama kharcA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA / " (pR. 135 ) isa taraha kI saikar3oM lokoktiyA~, muhAvare aura sUktiyA~ 'mUkamATI' meM maujUda haiM, jo mana para gaharA prabhAva chor3atI haiN| AcAryatva aura lokatva ke mohaka sAmaMjasya dvArA 'mUkamATI' kA jo rUpa pAThaka ke sAmane nirmita hotA hai, usase vaha apane jJAna ke anurUpa jo bhI grahaNa karanA cAhe grahaNa kara sakatA hai| zabdoM kA saTIka istemAla aisA mAnoM ve racanAkAra ke istemAla ke lie hI nirmita hue hoN| kahIM-kahIM vidyAsAgarajI nae zabdoM kA nirmANa kara usameM artha kI aisI USmA bhara dete haiM ki vaha apanI ujAsa se pAThaka ke mana ko mugdha kara letA hai| kahIM-kahIM to urdU hindI ke saMyoga se nayA sAmAsika zabda nirmita kara DAlate haiM, jaise- "prathama caraNa meM g2ama-zrama / nirmama hotA hai" (pR. 283) / yahA~ 'g2amazrama' zabda nirmANa kA sAhasa dekhane lAyaka hai / prakRti ke upAdAnoM ko janasamUha ke rUpa meM upasthita kara darzana kI sUktiyoM se kathA ko vArtAlApa zailI meM sarakAte jAnA koI 'mUkamATI' meM dekhe / jahA~ mAnavIkaraNa alaMkAra sahaja rUpa meM avatarita hokara mAnavIya vRttiyoM ko ujAgara karate jAte haiM / isI taraha kAvya ke sabhI rasoM kA eka bRhat rUpaka vidyAsAgarajI ne - 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha zodha nahIM' meM bA~dhA hai| isa prakAra kA rasarUpaka sambhavata: pahalI bAra hI kisI racanAkAra ne racA hai / sabhI rasoM kI prakRta dazA kA sAkSAtkAra karAte hue AtmajJAna ke jisa bindu taka vidyAsAgarajI le jAnA cAhate haiM, pAThaka unake sAtha ekAkAra hokara calatA jAtA hai aura anta meM jaba ve yaha kahate haiM ki " saba rasoM kA anta honA hI / zAnta rasa hai" to pAThaka isa rasa-samAgama kI gaMgA meM snAna kara zAnti kA anubhava kara samAdhistha ho jAtA hai| sthAyI rasa ke rUpa meM zAnta aura sahAyaka ke rUpa meM karuNA rasa 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM AdyopAnta rasavarSaNa karate hue usa dezanA taka le jAte haiM jahA~ 'mUkamATI' kA yaha parama satya parilakSita hotA hai ki AtmoddhAra apane hI puruSArtha, apanI hI sAdhanA, apane hI darzana aura cintana ke preraNAspada sphuraNoM se hotA hai, jahA~ : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI / avazya milegI / magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para ! / aura / mahA- mauna meM / DUbate hue santa" aura mAhaula ko / animeSa nihAratI - sI / mUka mATI / " (pR. 488 ) yahA~ mUkamATI virAma lekara amiTa dRzya ke sAtha virAma le letI hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM cAkSuSa prasaMgoM kI bharamAra hai| mATI, kumhAra, cAka, ghaTa, kudAlI, kA~TA, Rtu varNana, rAjA aura muktA rAzi vAlA aMza, agni, megha, pralaya Adi aise prasaMga haiM, jinameM cAkSuSa bimboM kI apAra chaTAe~ haiN| ina sabhI ko dRzyAMkita karane - karAne kA kAma
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________________ 152 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kiyA jAe to 'mUkamATI' kA sampreSaNa sAdhAraNajana taka AsAnI se ho sakatA hai| ___ mukta chanda ke kAvya rUpa meM viracita 'mUkamATI' meM saMskRta se lekara apabhraMza taka kA pada-lAlitya bhI kama nahIM hai aura Adhunika gIta kI layAtmakatA bhii| 'mUkamATI' meM aneka aise sthala haiM, jo geya haiM, jinakI sAMgItika prastutiyA~ kI jA sakatI haiM evaM jo vividha rAga-rAginiyoM meM bA~dhe jA sakate haiN| isameM samUha gIta bhI haiM, jaise : "jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho !/aniyata vihAravAloM kI niyamita vicAravAloM kI/santoM kI, guNavantoM kI saumya-zAnta-chavivantoM kI/jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya ho !" (pR. 314) pUre mahAkAvya meM eka antarlaya mAnoM kAvya kI saritA kala-kala kI taraha vyApta hai| hindI meM mukta chanda ke pravartaka mahAkavi nirAlA mAne jAte haiM jo gIta aura saMgIta ke bhI utane hI jJAtA racanAkAra rhe| vedoM kI RcAoM ke gAna se lekara muktaka kAvya kI sAMgItika saMgati taka unakA gaharA jJAna thaa| isake bAda unhoMne mukta chanda ko svIkArA to usake kaI kAraNa rahe / mukta chanda bhI apane Apa meM eka sadhA huA chanda hai, jisameM pATha kA kauzala hai aura jo abhivyakti meM Ane vAlI una bAdhAoM ko pAra karatA huA abAdhita gati se kriyamANa rahatA hai jo tuka ke bandhana se bAdhita ho jAyA karatI hai| isa kAraNa mukta chanda ko atukAnta chanda bhI kahA jAtA hai / atukAnta se tAtparya padya meM Ane vAlI tukoM kA abhAva / tuka ke kAraNa jaba varNya vyApAra sImita hotA lagA to tuka kA moha chor3akara kAvya ke saTIka racAva ke lie mukta chanda kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa huI aura isameM do rAya nahIM ki mukta chanda dvArA kavitA ko asIma vistAra milA / vaha bandhanamukta huI aura usakA svAdhIna vyaktitva vikasita hone lgaa| darzana jaise gUDha viSaya ko kAvya meM DhAlanA eka duSkara karma hai phira use tukAzrita hokara preSita karanA to aura bhI durvaha hai / ata: kavivara vidyAsAgara ne isa chanda ko svIkArA aura mujhe yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM ki 'mUkamATI' hindI kA akelA aisA mahAkAvya hai jo mukta chanda meM likhA gayA hai aura jisameM ve rUpa bhI antarnihita haiM, jo paramparA praNIta haiN| isake alAvA bhavAnIprasAda mizra kI sapATa bayAnI, ajJeya kA zabda vinyAsa, nirAlA kI chAndasika chaTA, panta kA prakRti vyavahAra, mahAdevI kI masRNa gItAtmakatA-jahA~ karuNA, jIvana kA eka mUlya banakara AtI hai, nAgArjuna kA loka spandana, kedAranAtha agravAla kI batakahI vRtti, muktibodha kI phaiMTesI-saMracanA aura dhUmila kI tuka saMgati Adhunika kAvya meM eka sAtha dekhanI ho to vaha 'mUkamATI' meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / yaha kahate hue eka bAta spaSTa kara dUM ki inameM se kisI bhI kavi kA pratyakSa yA parokSa prabhAva mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra para kataI nahIM hai| santa prakRti meM vicaraNa karate haiN| prakRti kA sparza karate haiM ve / vaha unameM raca-paca jAtI hai / ve use apanI jJAnendriyoM meM saMvedita kara abhivyakta karate haiN| dezATana se jo anubhava, loka-sammilana se jo bhASA, jo pratItiyA~, jo vyaMjanA, jo rAga-virAga, jo antarbAhya saMvAda-pratisaMvAda hotA rahA hai vaha santoM kI vANI dvArA jana-jana taka pravAhita hotA rahA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya isI bRhad anubhUti kI mahAsRSTi hai| eka vAkya meM kahA jAe to - 'mUkamATI' ko anubhUti kA mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| karuNA, dayA, prema, zAnti, ahiMsA ke dugdha meM uThate jhAga jaisI yaha anubhUti pUre mahAkAvya meM pracchanna rUpa meM vyApta hai| bilote hue dahI kI mathAnI meM tairate hue navanIta kI taraha yaha anubhUti' mahAkAvya kI antavartI nAyikA jaisI hai / eka jagaha isI Alekha meM 'bhI' ko mahAkAvya kA antavartI nAyaka nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ anubhUti ko antarvartI nAyikA / ye donoM 'hI' rUpI khalanAyaka ko parAbhUta kara mahAvIra kA pada prApta karate haiN| anubhava jaba anubhUti banatA hai to usakA yaha rUpAntaraNa sthUla jJAnendriyoM se sUkSma jJAnendriyoM kI AbhA se hotA hai aura taba anubhUti suSuptAvasthA meM jAgRti kA saMcaraNa kara AtmA ko nirantara saMskArita karatI huI use parama AtmA taka pahu~cAne kA sumArga sujhAtI rahatI hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI anubhUti kA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 153 abhyudaya isI nirmANa mArga ko prazasta karatA hai / zabda hamAre sAmane yU~ hI bikhare par3e hote haiM kintu jaba kabhI ve hamArI anubhUti kA maMgala dvAra kholakara apanA virAT artharUpa prakaTa karate haiM to hamArI A~kheM khulI kI khulI raha jAtI haiM / taba jJAnacakSu hameM unake sahI rUpa kA darzana karAte haiN| aisA hI eka zabda hai - digambara / isa zabda kI arthAnubhUti mujhe taba huI jaba maiMne rAjagar3ha (byAvarA) ma. pra. pAgala mor3asIMga ko usa hAlata meM dekhA jaba usane ThaNDa meM ThiThurate hue eka bhikhArI ko apane zarIra se sAre kapar3e utArakara ur3hA die| vaha digambara pAtra mere mana meM anubhUti ke dharAtala para AyA to maiMne kaI zabdoM kI arthadhvaniyoM ko anubhUta kiyA, khAsakara 'digambara' zabda ko / 'mor3asIMga' zIrSaka se eka kavitA likhI jisakA eka aMza prasaMgavaza denA munAsiba laga rahA hai : " tabhI eka naMgA gujarA thA / / aura tumane / utArakara de diyA apanA a~garakhA use/khuda naMge ho gae / taba pahalI bAra jAnA thA maine digambara zabda kA artha / dasoM dizAe~ hAtha jor3e / khar3I thIM tumhAre sAmane - vastra banakara / usa vakta tuma / kitane hI digvijayasiMhoM se bhI jyAdA vijayI laga rahe the mor3asIMga / maine pahalI bAra jAnA mor3asIMga ! ki parapIr3A ke khyAla se bhI / pAgala ho sakatA hai AdamI / " apanI kavitA 'mor3asIMga' ke isa kAvyAMza dvArA maiM apane kavi kI koI upasthiti isa Alekhana meM darja nahIM karA rahA hU~, balki digambara jaise eka zabda ke svAnubhUta saMsAra ko upasthita karate hue yaha kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki 'mUkamATI' meM aise asaMkhya zabda haiM jo anubhUti kI kokha se janma lekara mahAkAvya meM apanI nizchala kilakAriyA~ bikhera rahe haiM / Apa apane vAtsalya bhAva se unheM apane mana kI goda meM biThA leMge to unakI artha keliyoM kA apAra Ananda le sakate haiN| sAhitya ke bahuvidha pakSoM para zodha karane aura karavAne vAloM ke lie akhaNDa sAdhanA kI jarUrata hai / pragatizIla dRSTi se bhI isa mahAkAvya para prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai, jo isameM hai / 1 anta meM, 'mUkamATI' se hI eka sUkta vAkyAMza lekara vinamra bhAva se yaha kahanA cAhU~gA ki 'mUkamATI' ke 'kAvya rUpa ke bahAne kucha sphuTa vicAra' yahA~ isa zIrSaka se prastuta kie haiN| inheM kisI vidhi vidhAna se race nibandha ke rUpa meM na dekhakara 'mUkamATI' jaise mahAkAvya para prakaTa sphuTa vicAra ke rUpa meM hI leN| maiM bhI Apa jaisA eka pAThaka hU~ jisane eka mahAn kRti ko par3hakara apanI pratikriyA vyakta kI hai / 'mUkamATI' kA sUkta vyAkyAMza hai - " khammAmi khamaMtu me" arthAt sabako kSamA karate hue sabase kSamA cAhatA hU~, unase bhI jo ise par3hakara apanA vakta jAyA kara rahe haiM aura unase bhI jo ina sphuTa vicAroM se sahamata yA asahamata ho rahe hoM / pRSTha 143 svara saMgIta kA prANa hai| - he dehin ! he zilpin !" --- D
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________________ zabdoM kI paribhASAoM ke zilpI : AcArya vidyAsAgara DaoN. rameza canda jaina darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha pUjya AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja zabdoM kI paribhASAoM ke amara zilpI bhI haiN| unakI zabda sAdhanA bejor3a hai / dainika vyavahAra, loka jIvana aura zAstrIya vyAkhyAoM meM jina zabdoM ko hama sahaja bhAva se lete haiM una zabdoM meM kitanA gambhIra artha bharA huA hai, svayaM vaha zabda apane artha ko vividha rUpa meM kisa bhA~ti vyaMjita karatA hai, yaha AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kI lekhanI se svata: vyaMjita hotA dikhAI detA hai| unakA jIvana sAdhanA kA prayoga hai / jIvana kI sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha zabdoM kI sAdhanA jaisI unake kAvyoM meM prApta hotI hai, vaisI anyatra durlabha hai| unhoMne zabdoM ko nita nUtana paribhASAe~ dI haiN| isase ve zabda aura bhI adhika nikharakara sAmane Ae haiM, unameM aura bhI adhika ramaNIyatA AI hai / zabdoM meM chipI huI vyaMjanA zakti aura adhika gambhIra ho gaI hai| zabda kI abhidhA, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA zaktiyA~ apane mUrta rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM abhivyakta huI haiN| sasIma ko asIma rUpa dene kA unakA prayAsa kAvya rUpa meM vyaMjita hotA huA, sahRdayoM ke mana ko AhlAdita karatA huA, cintana ko eka naI gati. nayI sArthakatA aura naI arthavattA pradAna karatA hai| dharma aura darzana pada-pada para nigaDha hote hae bhI kAvya meM kahIM avarodha utpanna nahIM hotaa| vaha nirantara pravAhita hotA hai / ghaTa aura paTa kI upamAoM se nyAyazAstra ke grantha bhare par3e haiM, kintu jisase ghaTa kA nirmANa hotA hai, usa mUkamATI para kyA gujaratI hai, use kyA-kyA sahanA par3atA hai, anta meM vaha kisa prakAra ghaTAkAra lekara apanI sArthakatA ko siddha karatI hai, isa viSaya para kisI kI dRSTi nahIM gaI aura kisI kI dRSTi gaI bhI ho to usakA bhautika pakSa hI prabala rahA hogA, kintu usameM chipe hue AdhyAtmika rahasya ko khojakara ujAgara karane kA kAma kiyA hai- zabdoM kI paribhASAoM ke zilpI AcArya vidyAsAgara ne / vAstava meM isa kArya ke lie jisa cintana aura sAdhanA kI apekSA hotI hai, usa apekSA kI pUrti kavihRdaya santa mAnasa hI kara sakatA hai| isa rUpa meM yaha kRti eka santa hRdaya kA darpaNa hai / cirakAla kI sAdhanA ke bAda hI isa prakAra kI kRti kabhI-kabhI koI-koI hI likha pAtA hai / aisI kRtiyA~ anupameya aura sAkAra ananvaya alaMkAra hotI haiN| ___ unakA kAvya nizA ke avasAna aura uSA kI zAna se prArambha hotA hai / bhAnu kI nidrA to TUTa gaI hai, kintu TUTI huI nidrA vAlA koI zizu jisa prakAra mA~ kI goda meM karavaTeM letA hai, usI prakAra prAcI rUpI mA~ kI mArdava goda meM vaha karavaTeM le rahA hai| bacce kI sundara mUrata dekhakara jisa prakAra mA~ ke cehare para manda madhurima muskAna bikharatI hai, usI prakAra prAcI bhI pramudita hai| vaha pramudita kyoM na ho, usake zizu ke jAgane ke sAtha-sAtha prAcIna bhAratIya RSiyoM kA sandeza sArthaka ho rahA hai-'tasamo mA jyotirgamaya' / adhakhulI kamalinI DUbate cA~da kI cA~danI ko bhI A~kheM kholakara nahIM dekhatI hai, kyoMki IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA sabake vaza kI bAta nahIM hotI, vizeSakara strI paryAya meN| ___taralA tArAe~ chAyA kI bhA~ti apane patideva candramA ke pIche-pIche kahIM sudUra diganta meM chipI jA rahI haiM, isa zaMkA se ki kahIM divAkara unheM dekha na le / isa prakAra kI kAvya kalpanA ke sAtha yaha kAvya prArambha hotA hai / saMkocazIlA, lAjavatI, lAvaNyavatI saritA taTa kI mATI mA~ dharatI ke sAmane apanA hRdaya kholakara rakha detI hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM vaha apanI pIr3A ko isa prakAra vyaMjita karatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se,/"adhama pApiyoM se pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !/sukha-muktA hU~/du:kha-yuktA hU~/tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 155 isakI pIr3A avyaktA hai/vyakta kisake sammukha karU~ ! krama-hInA hU~/parAkrama se rItA/viparItA hai isakI bhAgya rekhA / yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye !/kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM/kitanI "aura Age kaba taka "patA nahIM/inakA chora hai yA nahIM!/zvAsa-zvAsa para nAsikA banda kara/Arta-ghulI cUMTa/basa/pItI hI A rahI hU~/aura isa ghaTanA se kahIM/dUsare duHkhita na hoM/mukha para ghUghaTa lAtI hU~ ghuTana chupAtI-chupAtI/"cUMTa pItI hI jA rahI hU~,/kevala kahane ko jItI hI A rahI huuN|/is paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ "ise !/isakA jIvana yaha unnata hogA, yA nahIM/anagina guNa pAkara/avanata hogA, yA nahIM kucha upAya karo mA~ !/khuda apAya haro mA~ !/aura suno, vilamba mata karo pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 4-5) uparyukta paMktiyoM meM eka vidhavA bhAratIya nArI--jise samAja patitA samajhatI hai, use pAtita karane kA prayAsa karatI hai- kI marmAntaka pIr3A chipI huI hai, jise vaha auroM ke sAmane khule rUpa meM vyaMjita na kara pAne ke kAraNa apanI mA~ ke sAmane saba kucha bakhAna kara usakA mArgadarzana aura sAntvanA cAhatI hai| ye paMktiyA~ bandhana meM par3I huI patita aura ThukarAI huI AtmA ko bhI lakSita kara rahI haiM jo saba prakAra ke bandhanoM aura pIr3AoM se chUTane kA mArga cAhatI hai / yaha kAvya mATI kI chaTapaTAhaTa, pIr3A, bandhana, bandhana vimukti kA mArga aura bandhana mukti- saba kucha batalAtA huA samApta hotA hai / bIca meM kavi kA zabda bodhana aura zodhana calatA hai| isakI kucha jhA~kiyA~ yahA~ prastuta haiM : ati aura iti : "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM/aura/iti ke binA atha kA darzana asambhava !/artha yaha huA ki/pIr3A kI ati hI pIr3A kI iti hai/aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR.33) dayA: "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) Ajakala kucha loga yaha kahate haiM ki para para dayA karanA bahirdRSTi hai / aise logoM ke prati AcAryazrI kA kahanA hai ki para para dayA karanA bahirdRSTi hai- aisI ekAnta dhAraNA se adhyAtma kI virAdhanA hotI hai, kyoMki sva ke sAtha para kA aura para ke sAtha sva kA jJAna hotA hI hai| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki kabhI kisI kI mukhyatA ho to kabhI kisI kI gauNatA ho / udAharaNArtha candramaNDala ko dekhate haiM to nabhamaNDala bhI dikhAI detA hai| para kI dayA karane se sva (nijAtmA) kI yAda AtI hai aura sva kI yAda hI sva-dayA hai / dayA kA viloma yAda hotA hI hai (pR. 37-38) / karuNA : adhUrI dayA-karuNA moha kA aMza nahIM hai apitu AMzika moha kA dhvaMsa hai / vAsanA kI jIvana paridhi acetana hai-tana hai / dayA-karuNA kI koI sImA nahIM hai / vaha niravadhi hai / karuNA kA kendra saMvedana dharmA cetana hai jo ki pIyUSa (amRta) kA ketana (ghara) hai / karuNA kI karNikA se avirala (nirantara) samatA kI sugandha jharatI hai / aisI sthiti meM koI nahIM kaha sakatA hai ki karuNA kA vAsanA se sambandha hai (pR. 39) / moha aura mokSa : vAsanA kA vilAsa moha hai / dayA kA vikAsa mokSa hai (pR. 38) / apane ko chor3akara para-padArtha se
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________________ 156 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'bhAvita honA hI mokSa kA dhAma hai| prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai aura saba ko chor3akara apane Apa (pR. 109-110) / gadahA : gadahA bhagavAn se prArthanA karatA hai ki he prabho ! merA nAma sArthaka ho / gada kA artha hai roga, hA kA artha hai hAraka maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ aura kucha vAMchA nahIM hai (pR. 40 ) / varNa-varNalAbha aura varNasaMkara : sAmAnyatayA varNa kA Azaya raMga se yA aMga se lagAyA jAtA hai kintu isa viSaya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara kA dUsarA hI mata hai| ve kahate haiM ki varNa kA Azaya na raMga se hai, na hI aMga se, varan cAla-caraNa DhaMga se hai| yAnI jise apanAyA hai use, jisane apanAyA hai, usake anurUpa apane guNa-dharma, rUpa-svarUpa ko parivartita karanA arthAt saMskArita karanA / yadi yaha sthiti na rahI to varNa saMkara doSa ho jaaegaa| koI yaha na samajhe ki isase varNalAbha kA niSedha huA hai / ise ve udAharaNa dekara samajhAte haiM ki nIra kI jAti nyArI hai aura kSIra kI jAti nyArI hai| donoM ke sparza, rasa, raMga bhI paraspara nyAre-nyAre haiM / phira yaha sarvavidita hai ki yathAvidhi kSIra meM nIra milAte hI nIra kSIra bana jAtA hai| kevala varNa-raMga kI apekSA to gAya kA kSIra dhavala hai tathA Aka kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai| donoM Upara se svaccha haiM parantu unheM milAte hI vikAra utpanna hotA hai| kSIra phaTa jAtA hai| nIra kA kSIra bana jAnA varNa-lAbha hai, varadAna hai aura kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI varNasaMkara hai, abhizApa hai (pR. 47 - 49) / varNasaMkara aura varNalAbha kI isase sundara paribhASA aura spaSTIkaraNa dUsarA nahIM ho sakatA / ata: varNalAbha meM koI doSa nahIM hai / varNasaMkara doSapUrNa hai / AcAryazrI kI isa paribhASA ko yadi dhyAna meM rakhA jAe to varNa sambandhI samasta matabheda svataH samApta ho jAe~ge / mATI aura kaMkara : mRdu aura karkaza svabhAva ke pratIka mATI aura kaMkara ke prasaMga meM kaMkara ke prati AcAryazrI kahate haiM ki are kaMkaro ! tumhArA mATI se milana to huA kintu tuma mATI meM nahIM mile| mATI se sparza to huA kintu tuma mATI ghu nhiiN| calatI cakkI meM DAlakara tumheM pIsA jAe to bhI tuma apane guNadharma ko nahIM bhUlate ho, bhale hI tumhArI sthiti cUrNa yA reta kI bana jaae| karkaza svabhAvavAlA vyakti bhI cUrNa - cUrNa bhale hI ho jAe, kintu apanI karkazatA ko nahIM chor3atA hai / vaha pASANa hRdaya hotA hai| dUsaroM kA duHkha-darda dekhakara bhI use pasInA nahIM AtA (pR. 49-50 ) / zubha kA sRjana : laghutA kA tyajana hI, gurutA kA yajana hI, zubha kA sRjana hai (pR. 51) / arthAt jaba taka vyakti laghutA ko chor3akara gurutA (bar3appana) kI pUjA nahIM karatA, taba taka usake jIvana meM zubha kI nirmita nahIM ho sakatI hai| svabhAva aura vibhAva : svabhAva aura vibhAva jainadarzana ke pAribhASika zabda haiN| svabhAva kI viparItatA vibhAva hai / ina donoM meM jIvanadAtA aura mAraka jaisA antara hai| jaise jala jIvana detA hai aura hima jIvana letA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki donoM kI prakRti nyArI hai / jala zItalatA pradAna karatA hai to hima kI DalI uSNatA lAtI hai (pR. 54) / AdamI : saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM hotA hai| AdamI vahI hai jo yathAyogya AdamI ho arthAt indriyoM kA damana karatA ho (pR. 64) / hathiyAra kA prayoga : bAta kA prabhAva jaba balahIna hotA hai taba hAtha kA prayoga kArya karatA hai aura hAtha kA prayoga jaba balahIna hotA taba hathiyAra kA prayoga Arya karatA hai (pR.60) / granthi : jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai, vahA~ nizcita hI hiMsA chalatI hai (pR. 64) / nirgrantha dazA: nirgrantha dazA meM hI ahiMsA palatI hai (pR. 64) / sAhitya : hita se jo yukta hotA hai, vaha sahita mAnA gayA hai aura sahita kA bhAva hI sAhitya hai (pR. 111) / darzana evaM adhyAtma : darzana kA srota mastaka hai / svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai| darzana ke binA adhyAtma jIvana cala sakatA hai / adhyAtma ke binA darzana kA darzana nahIM hotA hai / jaise laharoM ke binA sarovara raha
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 157 sakatA hai kintu lahara sarovara ke binA nahIM raha sakatI / adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai, darzana parAdhIna upanayana hai / darzana meM zuddha tattva kA darzana nahIM hotA / darzana kabhI satya rUpa kA to kabhI asatya rUpa kA hotA hai, jaba ki adhyAtma sadA satya, cidrUpa hI bhAsvata hotA hai / svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai / darzana kA jIvana aneka saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vyasta hotA hai| bahirmukhI yA bahumukhI pratibhA hI darzana kA pAna karatI hai / antarmukhI, bandamukhI cidAbhA niraMjana kA gAna karatI hai / darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai vicAra / adhyAtma nirAyudha, sarvathA stabdha-nirvicAra hotA hai / eka jJAna aura jJeya donoM hai / dUsarA dhyAna aura dhyeya donoM hai (pR. 288-289) / utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya : jaina darzana meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta ko 'sat' kahA gayA hai / sat hI dravya kA lakSaNa hai (tattvArthasUtra, 5/29-30) / dravya do haiM- cetana aura acetana / jo apanI jAti ko to kabhI nahIM chor3ate phira bhI unameM antaraMga aura bahiraMga nimitta ke vaza se prati samaya jo naI avasthA kI prApti hotI hai, use utpAda' kahate haiN| jaise- miTTI ke piNDa kI ghaTa paryAya / pUrva avasthA ke tyAga ko 'vyaya' kahate haiN| jaise- ghaTa kI utpatti hone para piNDa rUpa AkAra kA tyaag| tathA jo anAdikAlIna pAriNAmika svabhAva hai, usakA vyaya aura udaya nahIM hotA kintu vaha dhruvati arthAt sthira rahatA hai, isalie use 'dhruva' kahate haiM tathA dhruva kA bhAva yA karma 'dhrauvya' kahalAtA hai / jaise-miTTI ke piNDa aura ghaTAdi avasthAoM meM miTTI kA anvaya (tattvArthasUtra, 5-4/3, sarvArthasiddhi ttiikaa)| AcAryazrI ne utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya evaM sat ko vyAvahArika bhASA meM samajhAyA hai- AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai| AnA yAnI janana- utpAda hai| jAnA yAnI maraNa- vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai / aura hai yAnI cira-sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya... (pR. 185) / bhavAnugAmI pApa : grahaNa- saMgrahaNa kA bhAva bhavAnugAmI pApa hai (pR. 189) / kalA : 'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai| 'la' yAnI lAnA-detA hai| koI bhI kalA ho, kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha, zAnti, sampannatA AtI hai| kintu Ajakala sakala kalAoM kA prayojana kevala artha kA Akalana-saMkalana banA huA hai / vAstava meM na artha meM sukha hai aura na artha se sukha (pR. 396) / aparAdhI : aparAdhI nahIM bano, aparA-dhI bano / parAdhI nahIM, parAdhIna nahIM, apitu aparAdhIna (svAdhIna) bano (pR. 477) / artha aura paramArtha : paramArtha kabhI artha kI tulA meM tulatA nahIM hai / artha ko tulA banAnA arthazAstra kA artha hI nahIM jAnanA hai / artha ko tulA banAne se yuga ko anarthoM ke garta meM dhakelA jAnA hai (pR. 142) / saMgIta : saMgIta vaha hotA hai, jo saMgAtIta (Asakti rahita) hotA hai (pR. 144) / prIti : jo aMgAtIta hotI hai, use prIti kahate haiM (pR. 145) / saMsAra : sam upasarga pUrvaka sR sAdhu se saMsAra banatA hai / sR kA artha hai - gati / sam arthAt samIcIna aura sAra yAnI sarakanA / jo samyak sarakatA hai, vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai (pR. 161) / kAla cakra : kAla svayaM cakra nahIM hai, vaha saMsAra cakra kA cAlaka hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki upacAra se kAla ko cakra kahate haiM (pR. 161) / saMsAra kA cakra vaha hai jo rAga-dveSa Adi vaibhAvika adhyavasAna kA kAraNa hai (pR. 161) / kulAla cakra : kulAla cakra vaha sAna hai, jisa para car3hakara jIvana anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai (pR. 162) / zvAna aura siMhavRtti : siMha aura zvAna donoM kI jIvanacaryA alaga-alaga hai| siMha kabhI, kisI para pIche se dhAvA nahIM bolatA, garaja ke binA garajatA nahIM aura bina garaje kisI para barasatA bhI nahIM arthAt mAyAcAra se dUra rahatA hai / parantu zvAna sadA pIche se jA kATatA hai, binA prayojana vaha kabhI bhI bhauMkane lagatA hai (pR. 169) / jIvana sAmagrI kI upalabdhi
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________________ 158 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hetu siMha kabhI dInatA kI upAsanA nahIM karatA hai, kintu zvAna eka Tukar3e ke lie svAmI ke pIche-pIche pU~cha hilAtA phiratA hai| siMha ke gale meM kisI bhI kAraNavaza paTTA nahIM ba~dha sakatA / bandhana ko prApta siMha piMjar3e meM bhI binA paTTA ke hI ghUmatA rahatA hai / usa samaya usakI pU~cha Upara uThI, tanI rahatI hai| vaha apanI svatantratA aura svAbhimAna para A~ca nahIM Ane detA / zvAna svatantratA kA mUlya nahIM samajhatA / parAdhInatA - dInatA zvAna ko kabhI nahIM cubhatI / zvAna ke gale meM jaMjIra bhI AbharaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai / zvAna ko patthara mArane se vaha patthara ko khojatA hai / siMha apane viveka se mArane vAle para prahAra karatA hai (pR. 170 ) / zvAna apanI jAti ko dekha gurrAtA hai, ata: usakI nindA hotI hai / siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai| zvAna pAgala bhI ho jAtA hai, siMha pAgala nahIM hotA (pR. 171) / vAsanA kA vAsa : vAsanA kA vAsa na tana meM hai, na vasana meM varan mAyA prabhAvita mana meM hai (pR. 180 ) / rasanA : mukha se bAhara nikalI rasanA kucha kaha rahI -sI lagatI hai ki bhautika jIvana meM rasa nahIM hai (pR. 180) / ucca-nIca viSayaka vicAra : ucca ucca hI rahatA hai, nIca nIca hI rahatA hai, aisI AcAryazrI kI dhAraNA nahIM hai| nIca ko Upara uThAyA jA sakatA hai| ucitAnucita samparka se saba meM parivartana sambhava hai / kevala zArIrika, Arthika, zaikSaNika Adi sahayoga se nIca ucca nahIM bana sktaa| isa kArya kA sampanna honA sAttvika saMskAra para AdhArita hai / maThe ko yadi chauMka diyA jAtA hai to maThA svAdiSTa hI nahIM, apitu pAcaka bhI banatA hai| dUdha meM mizrI kA mizraNa ho to dUdha svAdiSTa bhI banatA hai, balavarddhaka bhii| isase viparIta vidhi-prayoga se arthAt maThe meM mizrI kA mizraNa kadAcit guNakArI to hai parantu dUdha ko chauMka denA to buddhi kI vikRti siddha karatA hai (pR. 357-358) / pANigrahaNa aura prANa - grahaNa : santoM ne pANigrahaNa saMskAra ko dhArmika saMskRti kA saMrakSaka evaM unnAyaka mAnA hai, parantu lobhI- pApI mAnava pANigrahaNa ko prANa- grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiM (pR. 386) / auSadhi kI AvazyakatA : pathya kA sahI pAlana ho to auSadhi kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM aura yadi pathya kA pAlana nahIM ho to bhI auSadhi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai (pR. 397) / auSadhiyoM kA sahI mUlya : auSadhiyoM kA sahI mUlya roga kA zamana hai / koI bhI auSadhi ho, vaha hInAdhika mUlyavAlI nahIM hotI tathApi zrImAnoM, dhImAnoM kI AsthA isase viparIta huA karatI hai (pR. 408) / rasAsvAda : rasa kA svAda usI rasanA ko AtA hai jo jIne kI icchA se hI nahIM, mRtyu kI bhIti se bhI Upara uThI hai| rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta huA vyakti kabhI kisI vastu ke svAda se paricita nahIM ho sakatA / bhA meM dUdha milAne para nirA-nirA dUdha aura bhAta kA nahIM, mizrita svAda hI AtA hai phira mizrI milAne para to tInoM kA hI sahI svAda luTa jAtA hai (pR. 281) / indriyoM ko bhUkha nahIM lagatI : indriyoM ko bhUkha nahIM lgtii| bAhara se lagatA hai ki unheM bhUkha lagatI hai| rasanA kaba rasa ko cAhatI hai ? nAsA gandha ko yAda nahIM karatI / sparzana sparza kI pratIkSA nahIM krtii| svara ke abhAva meM zravaNendriya ko jvara nahIM car3hatA hai / A~kheM rUpa kI, svarUpa kI AratI nahIM utAratI haiM / ye sArI indriyA~ jar3a haiN| jar3a kA upada jar3a hotA hai| jar3a meM koI cAha nahIM hotI hai| jar3a kI koI rAha nahIM hotI (pR. 328) / viSayI ko viSayoM kA grahaNa bodha: viSayoM kA grahaNa bodha indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI hotA hai / indriyA~ khir3akiyA~ haiM, yaha zarIra bhavana hai / bhavana meM baiThA puruSa bhinna-bhinna khir3akiyoM se jhA~katA hai, vAsanA kI A~khoM se viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA hai (pR. 329) / sahI jJAna : sva ko sva ke rUpa meM aura para ko para ke rUpa meM jAnanA hI, sahI jJAna hai (pR. 375 ) / sahI jJAna kA phala : sva meM ramaNa karanA hI sahI jJAna kA phala hai (pR. 375) /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 159 samatA : sadA sarvadA eka-sI dazA kA honA samatA hai (pR. 378) / samatA kI sakhI mukti hai / vaha suroM, asuroM, jalacaroM aura nabhazcaroM ko hI nahIM, varan samatA-sevI bhUcaroM ko varatI hai (pR. 378) / saMsAra ke viSaya meM mUr3hatA : puruSa aura prakRti ke khela kA nAma hI saMsAra hai, yaha kahanA mUr3hatA hai, moha kI mahimA mAtra hai / khelane vAlA to puruSa hai aura prakRti khilaunA mAtra hai / svayaM ko khilaunA banAnA koI khela nahIM hai (pR. 394) / sallekhanA : kAya aura kaSAya ko kRza karanA (pR. 87) / / mokSa : puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI mokSa hai, sAra hai (pR. 93) / kambala vAle kauna ? : kama bala vAle hI kambala vAle hote haiM (pR. 92) / kAmadeva aura mahAdeva : laukika khyAti hai ki kAmadeva kA Ayudha phUla hotA hai aura mahAdeva kA Ayudha zUla / eka meM parAga hai, saghana rAga hai, jisakA phala saMsAra hai / eka meM virAga hai, anagha tyAga hai, jisakA phala hai- bhava pAra / eka auroM kA dama letA hai, badale meM mada bhara detA hai to eka auroM meM dama bhara detA hai aura tatkAla hI nirmada kara detA hai / dama sukha hai evaM sukha kA srota hai / mada duHkha hai, sukha kI mauta hai (pR.101-102)| pazcimI sabhyatA aura bhAratIya saMskRti : pazcimI sabhyatA AkramaNa kI niSedhikA nahIM hai, apitu AkramaNa-zIlA hai| usakI A~khoM meM vinAzalIlA ghUratI rahatI hai| mahAmanA saba kucha taja kara jisa ora abhiniSkramaNa kara gae, apane meM magna ho gae, unhIM kI anukrama nirdezikA bhAratIya saMskRti hai (pR. 102-103) / daNDa-saMhitA kI vyavasthA : ghana-ghamaNDa se bhare huoM kI uddaNDatA dUra karane daNDa-saMhitA kI vyavasthA hotI hai (pR. 104) / mana aura mantra : mantra na hI acchA hotA hai, na hI burA / acchA-burA to apanA mana hotA hai / sthira mana hI mahAmantra hotA hai aura asthira mana hI pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai / eka sukha kA sopAna hai, eka duHkha kA so-pAna hai (pR. 108109) / sukhamaya jIvana : jo jIva apanI jIbha jItatA hai, usI kA du:kha rItatA hai / usI kA sukhamaya jIvana bItatA hai (pR. 116) / prANa-pratiSThA : nigUr3ha niSThA se nikalI, nizigandhA kI nirI mahaka-sI bAharI-bhItarI vAtAvaraNa ko jo surabhita karatI hai, vahI niSThA kI phalavatI pratiSThA prANapratiSThA kahalAtI hai (pR. 120) / rAjA aura mahArAjA kA maraNa : rAjA kA maraNa prajA kI rakSA karate hue raNa meM huA karatA hai| mahArAjA kA maraNa usa dhvajA kI rakSA karate hue vana meM hotA hai, jisakI chA~va meM sArI dharatI sAnanda, sukhamaya zvAsa svIkAratI huI jIvita hai (pR. 123) / paramArta aura paramArtha : jJAna kA padArtha kI ora Dhulaka jAnA hI parama Arta-pIr3A hai aura jJAna meM padArthoM kA jhalaka AnA hI paramArtha-krIr3A hai (pR. 124) / arUpa kI Asa : tanadhArI ko surUpa yA kurUpa tana milatA hai| surUpavAlA rUpa meM aura nikhAra tathA kurUpavAlA rUpa meM sudhAra lAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| isake lie vaha AbhUSaNAdi kA zRMgAra karatA hai, parantu jise arUpa kI Asa lagI ho, use zRMgAra se kyA prayojana hai ? kucha bhI nahIM (pR. 139) / davA, duA aura cetanA : jaba havA kAma nahIM karatI, taba davA kAma karatI hai aura jaba davA kAma nahIM karatI, taba duA kAma karatI hai / parantu jaba duA bhI kAma nahIM karatI, taba svayaMbhuvA cetanA kAma karatI hai (pR. 241-242) / sAdhanA kI yAtrA : nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora tathA veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanA bhI
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________________ 160 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA caahie| anyathA vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai, yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI (pR. 267) / AzA : AzA ko pAzA samajho (pR. 150 ) / svapna : 'sva' yAnI apanA, 'p' yAnI pAlana-saMrakSaNa aura 'na' yAnI nahIM, arthAt jo nijabhAva kA saMrakSaNa nahIM kara sakatA, vaha auroM ko kyA sahayoga degA ? atIta se jur3A tathA mIta se mur3A, bahu- ulajhanoM meM ulajhA mana hI svapna mAnA jAtA hai (pR. 295) / dharaNI : dharaNI zabda hI svayaM viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hai ki dharaNI nIradha / nIra ko dhAraNa kare, nIra kA pAlana kare, so dharaNI hai (pR. 452 - 453) / guNeSu kRtajJatA : jaise maNiyoM meM nIlamaNi, kamaloM meM nIlakamala, sukhoM meM zIla sukha, giriyoM meM merugiri, sAgaroM meM kSIra-sAgara, , maraNoM meM vIramaraNa, muktAoM meM matsya muktA uttama mAne jAte haiM, vaise hI guNoM meM kRtajJatA guNa zobhita hotA hai (pR. 453 - 454) / dharatI : dharatI zabda kA bhAva viloma rUpa se yahI nikalatA hai - dharatI tIradha / yAnI jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai yA zaraNAgata ko tIra para dharatI hai; vaha dharatI kahalAtI hai (pR. 452) / tIratha : zaraNAgata ko tAre so tIratha hai (pR. 452) / samAjavAda : samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha aura samUha yAnI sama-samIcIna Uha - vicAra hai / samIcIna vicAra hI sadAcAra kI nIMva hai / pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAravAloM kA jIvana hI samAjavAda hai (pR. 461) / satsaMgati : jaisI saMgati hotI hai, vaisI mati hotI hai| jaisI mati hotI hai, vaisI gati hotI hai / ujalI - ujalI jala kI dhArA dharA-dhUla meM Akara dhUmila ho daladala bana jAtI hai| nIma kI jar3oM meM jAkara vaha kaTu ho jAtI hai| sAgara meM jAkara vaha lavaNAkara kahalAtI hai / viSadhara ke mukha meM jAkara viSa bana jAtI hai| usI prakAra jaisI saMgati milatI hai, vyakti vaisA banatA hai (pR. 8) / niyati aura puruSArtha : 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI 'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hI 'niyati' hai / 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA - paramAtmA,'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai / AtmA ko chor3akara saba puruSArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI 'puruSArtha hai (pR.349) / [ sampAdaka- pArzva jyoti (pAkSika), bijanaura - uttarapradeza, 1 julAI, 1990 ] pRSTha 145 kara kisI naya meM baMdha mukta jaMgI rIta hai|
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________________ kAvya aura adhyAtma kA anUThA saMgama : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. umA pANDeya jaina muni AcArya vidyAsAgara kA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' darzana evaM kAvya kA eka ralA-milA rUpa hai / sampUrNa kAvya kA pArAyaNa karane para pAThaka ke mana meM eka vicitra - sA prazna sahaja uTha jAtA hai - kyA yaha kRti mAtra kAvya hai yA mAtra darzana ? isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki munivara ne apanI AdhyAtmAnubhUti ko kAvya ke mAdhyama se upasthita kiyA hai| jisa prakAra maharSi vAlmIki ne AdikAvya 'rAmAyaNa' meM bhagavAn rAma kI kathA ke vyAja se bhAratIya darzana ke vibhinna tattvoM ko kAvyAtmaka rUpa diyA hai, usI prakAra AcArya vidyAsAgara ne jaina darzana ke mUla tattvoM ko kAvya ke mAdhyama se darzAyA hai / adhyAtma aura kAvya meM abheda sthApita kara AcArya ne upaniSad kI 'raso vai sa:' kI ukti ko caritArtha kara diyA hai| bhAratIya kAvya paramparA se haTakara AcArya ne mATI jaisI tuccha vastu ko kAvya kI nAyikA eka vizeSa prayojana se cunA hai| bhAratIya darzana ke anusAra jar3a aura cetana kA dvaita asamAhita hai| jar3a yA bhUta padArtha kabhI cetana nahIM bana sakatA / isIlie dvaitavAdI dArzanika sampradAya - nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga tathA jaina- jar3a evaM cetana tattvoM kI kisI na kisI rUpa meM svatantra sattA svIkAra karate haiN| jar3avAdI cArvAka jar3a ke atirikta cetana tattva kI svatantra sattA svIkAra nahIM krtaa| udhara adhyAtmavAdI advaita darzana tathA vijJAnavAda eka mAtra cetana brahma yA vijJAna ko hI paramArtha sat mAnatA hai / lekina AcArya ne jar3a mATI ko apane kAvya kA viSaya banAkara usameM AdhyAtmikatA kA vikA dikhAkara bhAratIya darzana kI cirapoSita mAnyatA ko tilAMjalI dI hai| sAtha hI Aja ke bhautikavAdI samAja ko yaha darzAyA hai ki jaba jar3a mATI adhyAtma lAbha kara sakatI hai to kyoM bhautikatA meM lipta mAnava adhyAtma kI ora unmukha nahIM ho sakatA / bhautikatA to bAhya hai, adhyAtma vyakti kI mana:sthiti hai / phalataH bhautika sukhoM kA bhoga karate hue bhI vyakti AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa apanA sakatA hai| cArvAka kA jIvana vyatIta karate hue hama eka vedAntI kI bhAi~ nahIM soca sakate ? paMka meM avasthita padmapatra kA dRSTAnta isI tathya kA paricAyaka hai| yahI upaniSad varNita jIvanamukta kI avasthA hai jahA~ vaha bhautika jagat meM rahakara bhI usameM lipta nahIM hotA / 'mUkamATI' meM mATI ko pradhAna pAtra yA nAyikA kA sthAna dene ke pIche AcArya kA eka vizeSa prayojana chipA hai / prAya: bhAratIya darzana meM, vizeSakara sAMkhya aura advaita vedAnta meM jar3a prakRti tathA mAyA bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| inake samparka meM Ane para nitya - mukta puruSa yA brahma karma - bandhana meM par3a jAtA hai aura janma-maraNa ke cakra bhaTakatA phiratA hai / isI dArzanika tathya ko kAvya meM abhivyakta karate hue bhAratIya dArzanikoM evaM mahAkaviyoM ne 'nArI' ko 'naraka kA dvAra' yA 'mAyA' ko 'mahAThaginI' taka kaha DAlA hai| itanA hI nahIM, bhAratIya samAja kI saMracanA meM ukta vaicArikaM tattva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / strI aura puruSa samAja ke do samAna ghaTaka hone para bhI, strI ko bhAratIya samAja meM dvitIya koTi ke nAgarika kA darjA milA huA hai| AcArya zaMkara jaise jJAnI mahApuruSa, jo eka ora upaniSad ko pramANa mAnane kA dama bharate haiM, jisameM 'eko devaH sarvabhUteSu gUDhaH' yA 'sarvavyApI sarvabhUtAntarAtmA' kI bAta kahI gaI hai, nArI ko 'naraka kA dvAra' kahane meM nahIM hicakate / yadi strI aura puruSa donoM meM hI eka advaya tattva kA vA to kaise strI bandhana kA kAraNa aura puruSa mokSa kA adhikArI kahA jA sakatA hai ? zarIra cAhe strI kA ho yA puruSa kA mAtra upAdhi hai, aura upAdhi kA nAza hI advaita vedAnta meM mokSa kahA gayA hai| ataH AcArya zaMkara kA strI ke prati dRSTikoNa samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA / jaina darzana meM strI ko mokSatva lAbha se vaMcita rakhanA saMkIrNa evaM pakSapAta dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| yadi jainadharma jaina sAdhvI bana sakatI hai to mokSa lAbha kyoM nahIM kara sakatI ? AcArya vidyAsAgara ne apanI kRti meM 'mATI' jaise tuccha tattva ko nAyikA kA sthAna dekara jahA~ eka ora apanI udAra dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai vahIM dUsarI ora bhAratIya
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 162:: cintana dhArA meM vyApta strI ke prati saMkIrNa evaM pakSapAtapUrNa ravaiye kA virodha kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM mATI jaisA jar3a padArtha bhI 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kara, 'varNa - lAbha' kara zreya kI prApti kara sakatA hai / itanA hI nahIM, nAyikA rUpa meM miTTI kA citraNa kara strI ko usakA ucita sthAna pradAna karanA hai / strI ke lie prayukta padoM, yathA - bhIru, abalA, kumArI, sutA, duhitA Adi kI vyAkhyA strI ke prati AcArya ke dRSTikoNa ko pradarzita karatI hai / AcArya yaha mAnate haiM ki strI svabhAva se kupathagAminI nahIM hotI, , balki : 64 'prAya: puruSoM se bAdhya ho kara hI kupatha para calanA par3atA hai striyoM ko / " (pR. 201 ) strI meM viveka svAbhAvika hai : 44 'kupatha - supatha kI parakha karane meM / pratiSThA pAI hai strI - samAja ne / " (pR.202) ye to jIvana meM maMgalamaya mAhaula lAtI haiM aura puruSa ko sahI gantavya kA rAstA batAtI haiM, tabhI to 'mahilA' kahalAtI haiN| gRhastha Azrama meM pravezakara puruSa kI kAma-vAsanA ko strI saMyata kara use pApa-pathagAmI hone se bacAtI haiM / vAstava kahalAne kA vahI adhikArI hai jisakI dRSTi meM sabhI prANI, cAhe vaha strI ho yA puruSa, samAna haiN| isa dRSTi se AcArya vidyAsAgara sacce artha meM muni haiN| mATI rUpa jar3a padArtha ko AdhyAtmikatA kA lAbha prApta karA AcArya ne yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA hai ki jar3a tattva bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM / bandhana kA kAraNa vyakti kI apanI jar3atA hai / yahA~ eka aura bAta dhyAna dene kI hai / jaba miTTI jaisA bhUtapadArtha zreyalAbha kara sakatA hai to bhogavilAsa ke bhautika sAdhanoM se ghirA Aja kA manuSya jaisA cetana prANI AtmalAbha kyoM nahIM kara sakatA ? vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' kA yahI mukhara sandeza hai jo Aja ke sandarbha meM ThIka utaratA hai| nAnA prakAra ke upabhoga ke bhautika sAdhanoM se ghirA Aja kA mAnava digbhramita ho rahA hai / vaha aindriya viSayoM meM sukha aura zAnti khoja rahA hai| aise samaya meM 'mUkamATI' ko pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM sauMpa kara mAnoM parama kRpAlu vidyAsAgarajI ne unheM patavAra thamA dI hai| 'mUkamATI' mAtra kAvya nahIM hai| yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai| eka aisA santa jisane AdhyAtmikatA ko apane jIvana meM jiyA hai, jisane sAdhanA ke patha para satarkatA ke calate hue AtmalAbha kiyA hai| eka aisA santa jisane tapasyA se arjita jIvana darzana ko svAnubhUti meM utArakara mahAkaruNA se prerita ho sabake lie pragaTa kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya aura adhyAtma kA anUThA saMgama hai / yadyapi ise mahAkAvya kI paramparAgata paribhASA se paribhASita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, phira bhI parimANa kI dRSTi se yaha mahAkAvya kI sImAoM ko sparza karatA hai / cAra khaNDoM tathA lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM meM nibaddha yaha kAvya kRti apane andara mahAkAvya ke aneka guNoM ko sa~joe hue hai| prathama pRSTha kholate hI hameM prakRti kA bar3A hI sajIva citraNa milatA hai : "sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, aura "idhara nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI, nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai / uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai / " (pR. 1) zarad varNana apane meM sAnI nahIM rakhatA / sarvatra himapAta ho gayA hai : "per3a-paudhoM kI / DAla-DAla para / pAta-pAta para hima-pAta hai / ... kampana ke paricaya se / paricita saba ke gAta haiM / " (pR. 90 )
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 163 latA-latikAe~ zizira chuvana se pIlI par3a gaI haiN| isI prakAra kumudinI, kamalinI, cA~da, tAre, sugandha, pavana Adi aneka prAkRtika varNanoM se yaha kAvya ota-prota hai / avA~ kA varNana pAThaka ke sAmane mAnoM avA~ kA citra khIMca detA hai| jahA~ taka zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra ke prayoga kA prazna hai, kavi ne eka nitAnta nayA dRSTikoNa apanAyA hai jo kAvya jagat ke lie anUThA hai / aneka zabdoM kA pracalita artha meM prayoga kara AcArya unakI saMracanA kI vyAkhyA nairuktika paddhati se karate haiM aura unameM chipe nae-nae arthoM ko udbhAvita karate haiN| isa prakAra zabda meM chipe antaraMga artha ko pragaTa kara vaha na kevala pAThaka ko camatkRta hI karate haiM balki artha ke achUte AyAmoM kA darzana karAte haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para 'gahA', 'sat yuga', 'kaliyuga', 'jaladhI', 'sudhAkara', 'dharatI', 'nadI', 'mahilA', 'sutA' Adi kI vyAkhyAoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai / zabdoM kI yaha nUtana vyAkhyA kavi kI arthAnveSaNI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai / dvitIya khaNDa meM nava rasoM kI vyAkhyA darzanIya hai| yahA~ kavi ne rasoM ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlate hue unakI heyaupAdeyatA para bhI vicAra kiyA hai / ahiMsAvAdI muni kI dhAraNA hai ki vIra aura raudra jaise kaThora rasoM ke sevana se mAnavasvabhAva meM vikRti A jAtI hai : O " vIra rasa ke sevana karane se / turanta mAnava - khUna khUba ubalane lagatA hai/ kAbU meM AtA nahIM vaha dUsaroM ko zAnta karanA to dUra, / zAnta mAhaula bhI khaulane lagatA hai jvAlAmukhI - sama / " (pR. 131 ) "rudratA vikRti hai vikAra / samiTa-zIlA hotI hai|" (pR. 135 ) O mahAkAvya kI apekSA ke anurUpa kavi ne 'mUkamATI' meM nAyikA rUpa meM mATI aura nAyaka rUpa meM kumbhakAra ko darzAyA hai / yadyapi yahA~ nAyaka-nAyikA kA cunAva kAvya-paramparA se haTakara huA hai phira bhI nAyikA mATI meM apane nAyaka kumbhakAra ke prati ve saba bhAva samAhita haiM jo eka mAnavIya nAyikA meM pAe jAte haiN| mATI kA apanI viraha vyathA kA varNana, nAyaka kumbhakAra ke lie cira pratIkSA Adi ke bhAvoM ko mATI meM darzAkara kavi ne use ekadama sajIva diyA hai| Adi se anta taka isa kAvya kA pArAyaNa karane para kahIM bhI aisA pratIta nahIM hotA ki mATI eka nirA jar3a tattva hai / AcArya ne itane sundara bhAvoM se mATI ko sa~joyA hai ki vaha pAThaka ke hRdaya paTala para eka sukumAra virahaNI kI bhA~ti aMkita ho jAtI hai| kAvya saundarya kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kA adhikAMza bhAga uddharaNIya hai, jo isa kAvya kA adbhuta guNa hai / prArambha meM hI kahA jA cukA hai ki 'mUkamATI' eka dArzanika kAvya hai / jina dArzanika tattvoM ko yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai usane 'mUkamATI' ko sacce arthoM meM kAvya ke Asana para AsIna kara diyA hai / kAvyazAstriyoM kI dRSTi meM kevala manoraMjana karanA hI kAvya kA prayojana nahIM hai balki vyavahAra-bodha aura kAntA - sammata upadeza denA bhI kAvya kA prayojana hai / svayaM AcArya ne sacce sAhitya kI paribhASA dI hai : " hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai / vaha sahita mAnA hai / aura sahita kA bhAva hI / sAhitya bAnA hai, / jisa ke avalokana se sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho / sahI sAhitya vahI hai / anyathA, surabhi se virahita puSpa - sama / sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha sAra-zUnya zabda - jhuNDa..!" (pR. 111 ) phalataH adhika artha kI cAha, gaNatantra, AtaMkavAda jaise prAsaMgika viSayoM para kavi ne apane vicAra vyakta kie haiN| unakI dRSTi meM :
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________________ 164 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " adhika artha kI cAha - dAha meM / jo dagdha ho gayA hai artha hI prANa, artha hI trANa / yU~ - jAna - mAna kara, artha meM hI mugdha ho gayA hai / artha-nIti meM vaha / vidagdha nahIM hai|" (pR. 217) itanA hI nahIM arthako sarvasva samajhane vAle nara loka-lAja kI paravAha nahIM karate : "yaha kaTu satya hai ki / artha kI A~kheM / paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko / nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) isIlie upaniSad meM vittaiSaNA se Upara uThane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| AtaMkavAda ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kara kavi ne isase bacane kA upadeza diyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM yaha nizcita hai : " mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, / AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai / ati-poSaNa yA atizoSaNa kA bhI / yahI pariNAma hotA hai|" (pR. 418) kalikAla kA varNana karate samaya kavi ne yaha spaSTa karanA cAhA hai ki kaise Aja sabhI sTIla ke bartanoM ko pasanda kara rahe haiM / prAkRtika auSadhiyoM se upacAra ko bhUla gae haiN| isa kalikAla meM zAnta-bhAva- sajaka sAttvika bhojana ko tyAgakara vyakti rAjasika aura tAmasika AhAra grahaNa kara rahA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka roga aura daridratA samAja meM chA gaI hai| aNu zakti ke duSpariNAmoM ko ujAgara kara kavi ne pAThaka kI dRSTi ko isa ora mor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki zakti ke prayoga meM yadi UparavAle kA dimAga car3ha jAya vaha vinAza kA, patana kA hI pATha par3hA sakatA hai| kavi kI yaha ukti tRtIya vizva yuddha ke prasaMga meM kitanI kharI utara rahI hai / AtaMkavAda kA anta aura anantavAda ke zrIgaNeza kI kAmanA saMsAra kI vartamAna samasyAoM ke prati AcArya kI jAgarUkatA ko sUcita karatI hai| isa dRSTi se AcArya vidyAsAgara kI tulanA mahAbhArata ke usa kRSNa se kI jA sakatI hai jo eka ora arjuna ko jIvana ke parama puruSArtha kA bodha karAte haiM to dUsarI ora karma karane ke lie prerita karate haiM / 'mUkamATI' kavi pratibhA kA anUThA udAharaNa hai| santa kavi vidyAsAgara meM kavitva bIja rUpa saMskAra vizeSa ke prasphuTana kA pariNAma 'mUkamATI' hai / lokazAstra kAvya Adi ke avekSaNa se prApta nipuNatA kA isa kAvya meM yatra-tatra darzana hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie indra - megha yuddha, vijJAna se upamAe~, prAkRtika cikitsA zAstra, parAvAk kA vivecana Adi aise prasaMga haiM jo kavi ke bahuvidha jJAna ko darzAte haiM / 'mUkamATI' nirA kAvya nahIM hai balki eka dArzanika kRti bhI hai / santakavi ne darzana ke nIrasa tattvoM ko itane sarasa DhaMga se pratipAdita kiyA hai ki ve sahaja hI pAThaka ke hRdaya meM ghara kara jAte haiM / saca bhI hai : "bodha ke siMcana binA / zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM / " (pR. 106) phalata: mATI jaise tuccha jar3a tattva ko AdhyAtmikatA ke stara taka uThAkara kavi ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki isa bhautika zarIra meM hI jJAnodaya sambhava hai / zarIra nizcaya se dharma kA sAdhana hai / isa samyak sarakanevAle saMsAra se chuTakArA pAnA hI jIvana kA parama lakSya hai| isa saMsAra meM jIva cAra gatiyoM, caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM bhaTaka rahA hai| isa saMsaraNa kA spaSTIkaraNa AcArya ne bar3e hI vaijJAnika DhaMga se kiyA hai / vyakti kI bAhyonmukhI dRSTi hI usake patana kA, usake bhramita hone kA, usake bandhana kA kAvya hai, jabaki Atmadarzana use saMsAra cakra se mukta karatA hai :
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________________ O " tumhArI dRSTi kA aparAdha hai vaha / kyoMki paridhi kI ora dekhane se / cetana kA patana hotA hai upaniSad meM bhI bAhyonmukhI indriyoM ko antarmukhI karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| 'AtmA vA are draSTavya:' isI tathya kI ora saMketa karatA hai / jaba taka svabhAva kI anabhijJatA rahegI, jaba taka svarUpa-bodha nahIM hogA taba taka mohAvaraNa bhaMga nahIM ho sakatA : O O aura/parama-kendra kI ora dekhane se / cetana kA jatana hotA hai / paridhi meM bhramaNa hotA hai / jIvana yU~ hI guz2ara jAtA hai, kendra meM ramaNa hotA hai / jIvana sukhI naz2ara AtA hai|" (pR. 162) moha evaM mokSa ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue unake pariNAmoM ko AcArya ne bar3e sundara DhaMga se sthAna-sthAna para vyakta kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 165 "yaha dehI matimanda / kabhI-kabhI / rassI ko sarpa samajhakara viSayoM se hIna hotA hai to kabhI / sarpa ko rassI samajha kara viSayoM meM lIna hotA hai / / yaha saba moha kI mahimA hai isa mahimA kA anta / taba taka ho nahIM sakatA svabhAva kI anabhijJatA / jIvita rahegI jaba taka / " (pR. 462) " vAsanA kA vilAsa / moha hai, / dayA kA vikAsa / mokSa haieka jIvana ko burI taraha / jalAtI hai / bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha / jilAtI hai " puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI / mokSa hai, sAra hai / aura / anyatra ramanA hI / bhramanA hai / moha hai, saMsAra hai / " (pR. 93 ) " apane ko chor3akara / para- padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI / moha kA pariNAma hai aura/ saba ko chor3akara / apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI mokSa kA dhAma hai / " (pR. 109 - 110 ) ukta paMktiyoM meM AcArya ne jaina darzana aura upaniSad darzana ke tattvoM ko gU~tha diyA hai| / zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai|" (pR. 38) : moha aura mokSa kI ora le jAne vAlA yaha mana hI hai| upaniSad meM bhI mana ko hI bandhana evaM mokSa kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| sthira mana, jise yoga meM samAhita citta yA samAdhi kahA gayA hai, mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jabaki asthira mana bandhana kA kAraNa " sthira mana hI vaha / mahAmantra hotA hai / aura / asthira mana hI pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai, / eka sukha kA sopAna hai eka duHkha kA sopAna hai|" (pR. 109) yaha saMsAra isa mana kI chalanA hai| yaha mAyA kI khAna hai| isI kI chAyA meM 'mAna panapatA hai'| isIlie kavi mana kI gulAmI se mukta hone kI bAta kahI hai| na-'mana' sthiti ko prApta kara hI saccA 'samaNa' mAnava bana sakatA hai / yahI mana dUSita hone para azubha karmoM ke dvArA bandhana kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai /
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________________ 166 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isa mana ko mokSa sAdhana ke anurUpa banAne ke lie isameM sadguNoM kA AdhAna Avazyaka hai / sampUrNa gA~Tha prasaMga meM AcArya ne ahiMsA ko sarvazreSTha sadguNa mAnA hai| unakI dRSTi meM sahI AdamI vahI hai jo vAstava meM 'AdamI' hai / unake mata meM : "jahA~ gA~Tha - granthi hai / vahA~ nizcita hI / hiMsA chalatI hai| ... granthi - hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai / aura / nirgranthaahiMsA palatI hai / " (pR. 64) - dazA meM hI isa ahiMsA ko siddha karane ke lie pratizodha bhAvanA kA damana Avazyaka hai / badale kI bhAvanA vaha anala hai jisameM tana aura mana bhava-bhava taka jalate rahate haiM / pratizodha kI jvAlA meM jalane ke kAraNa hI rAvaNa kA bala kama huA thA aura vaha ro par3A thA, jisase 'rAvaNa' kahalAyA / pratizodha ke bhAva ko kama karane ke lie mRdu svabhAva ko dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai / dharatI apane sAtha durvyavahAra hone para bhI pratikAra nahIM krtii| isIlie vaha sarvasahA kahalAtI hai | AcArya ke mata 10 " sarva sahA honA hI / sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meM santoM kA patha yahI gAtA hai / " (pR. 190 ) mana kI sthiratA, sadguNoM ke AdhAna tathA mohabhaMga ke lie sAdhaka ko adhyAtma patha kA pathika bananA anivArya hai / mAtra darzana ke pArAyaNa se koI bhI AtmalAbha nahIM kara sakatA / darzana aura adhyAtma meM bheda batAte hue AcArya ne kahA hai ki darzana buddhiparaka hotA hai, vaha tarkaNA pradhAna hai| jabaki adhyAtma svastha jJAna hai : " darzana kA srota mastaka hai, / svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / / ... adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai darzana parAdhIna upanayana / ... svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai / " (pR. 288) isa adhyAtma kI nirantara sAdhanA karanI caahie| yaha sambhava hai ' sAdhaka ko mahAvIra kI bhA~ti apane patha se DiganA nahIM caahie| tapasyA nirdoSa ho jAtA hai / doSoM ko jaina mata meM ajIva tathA jIva se kathaMcit bAhya mAnA gayA hai jabaki ananta jJAna, ananta kA svabhAva mAnA hai / tabhI to kavi yaha kAmanA karatA hai : Adi guNoM ko isa sAdhanA meM vyavadhAna Ae~ phira bhI agni meM tapakara hI sAdhaka ghaTa kI bhA~ti " mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI / mujhe jilAnA hai / sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA parama- dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / / doSa ajIva haiM, / naimittika haiM, bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit ; / guNa jIvagata haiM,/ guNa kA svAgata hai|" (pR. 277) isa sAdhanA kI carama pariNati mokSa hai jisameM tana, mana aura vacana ke bandhana AmUla miTa jAte haiM / yaha vaha zuddha dazA hai jisameM avinazvara sukha mAnava ko prApta hotA hai / vaha saMsaraNa cakra se sadA ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai / darzana aura kAvya ke atirikta bahuta kucha prAsaMgika aura AnuSaMgika isa mahAkAvya meM hai / sundara lokoktiyA~ evaM muhAvare, aMkoM aura bIjAkSaroM ke camatkAra, Adhunika vijJAna kI navIna khojeM, jo 'sTAra vAra' taka kA saMketa detI haiM, isa kAvya meM nihita haiM / anta meM itanA kahanA hI paryApta hai ki AdyopAnta isa kAvya kA pArAyaNa kara pAThaka binA sAdhuvAda ke raha nahIM pAtA /
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________________ jaina darzana para AdhArita pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. bhAnudeva zukla AcArya vidyAsAgara kA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' jaina darzana para AdhArita pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / kintu, isa saMkucita sAmpradAyikatA kA kAvya samajhanA bhArI bhUla hogA, kyoMki yaha mUlataH usa AdhyAtmika cetanA kA unnAyaka hai jo prANimAtra ke prati karuNA sampanna kisI bhI dharma kA mUlAdhAra mAnI jA sakatI hai / sAmAnya mATI ko supAtra athavA maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa dhAraNa karane ke pahale na jAne kitanI sAdhanAoM tathA tapasyA meM sabhI vikAroM kA homa karanA Avazyaka hotA hai / inameM sabase pramukha hai 'sva' - bhAvanA kA tyAga, jo parigraha kA vikAsa karatI hai| mATI jaba ghaTa bana jAtI hai to usakA dharma ho jAtA hai dhAraNa kie hue ke kaNa-kaNa ko bA~Ta denA / aise jana, jo isa dharma kA pAlana karate haiM, santajana kahalAte haiM / zAstrIya paribhASA meM ba~dhakara 'mUkamATI' ko khaNDa kAvya hI mAnA jAegA / kintu, mahAkAvya kA phalaka jitanA vyApaka huA karatA hai usake anusAra isako mahAkAvya mAnanA hI ucita hai / yaha aisA mahAkAvya hai jisameM adhyAtma kA nigUr3ha rahasya tathA gahana jIvana tattva prakaTa huA hai| aisI racanAoM meM kathA tattva atyanta kSINa huA karatA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM bhI kathAnaka atyalpa hai| pratIka meM hone tathA darzana pradhAna hone se nizcaya hI mahAkAvya Ama AdamI ko jaTila lagegA / pratIka to sIdhA aura spaSTa hai kintu usake sAtha aneka prasaMga jur3e haiM jo tattva cintana se bhArI ho gae haiM / arthAt kAvya pIche chUTa gayA hai aura adhyAtma vivecana pramukha ho gayA hai / pratIka meM prastuta (pratyakSa ) ke mAdhyama se apratyakSa kI vyaMjanA hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prastuta hai sAmAnya mATI, usake parizodhana, kumbha ke AkAra dene tathA pakva banAne ke prasaMga / aprastuta hai sAmAnya kA Izvara banane kI prakriyA, jisameM sAdhanA ke bala para 'sva' kI ahaMkAra mUlakatA se mukti pAkara nirmala caritra ko pAnA / kavi - AcArya ne isI ko puruSArtha kahA hai| zarIra - dharma meM mAnava anya prANiyoM ke samAna hai kintu adhyAtma kI siddhi dvArA vaha viziSTa bana jAtA hai / yadi mAnava apane viveka ko supta rahane detA hai to vaha kisa artha meM prANiyoM meM zreSThatama hai ? sAmAnya mATI kumbhakAra kI kalpanA ko sArthaka karatI hai taba vaha maMgala ghaTa bana jAtI hai| usameM paramAtmA kI abhivyakti hone lagatI hai, vaha mUkamATI nahIM raha jAtI : "AsthA ke tAroM para hI / sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~ / calatI haiM sAdhaka kI, sArthaka jIvana meM taba / svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !" (pR. 9) kavi - AcArya kI zabdoM kI vyutpatti tathA unameM antarnihita arthoM kI talAza meM vizeSa ruci dikhAI detI hai : D 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/ aura / 'bha' yAnI bhAgya -, -/ yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho / kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28) 44 O "aparAdhI nahIM bano / aparA 'dhI' bano, / 'parAdhI' nahIM parAdhIna nahIM/ parantu /aparAdhIna bano !" (pR. 477 ) "svapna prAya: niSphala hI hote haiM / ina para adhika vizvAsa hAnikAraka hai / 'sva' yAnI apanA / 'p' yAnI pAlana - saMrakSaNa / aura / 'na' yAnI nhiiN|" (pR. 295) O
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________________ 168 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "saba tanoM meM 'vara'-tana" (pR. 332) -(bartana) . "'ni' yAnI nija meM ho/ yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI 'niyati' hai|" (pR. 349) 0 " 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA -paramAtmA hai/ 'artha' yAnI prAptavya-prayojana hai AtmA ko chor3akara/saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI puruSArtha hai|" (pR. 349) isa prakAra vyutpattiyA~ pustaka meM bharI par3I haiN| inameM zabdoM ke artha dene kI jo ceSTA hai vaha racanA kI adhyAtmaparaka ceSTA se hI jur3I huI hai / tathApi, inameM camatkRta karane se adhika kucha kI prApti kadAcit hI hotI hai| yaha rUpavAdI Agraha eka soddezyapUrNa racanA meM eka sImA taka hI sArthaka ho sakatA hai, usase Age bar3hane para isakA prabhAva kSINa ho sakatA hai / avazya ye vyutpattiyA~ darzana-jJAna ke uddezya se haiM, kintu inake prayoga adhika sAvadhAnI kI mA~ga karate 'mUkamATI' meM kathAnaka nAma mAtra kA hai| isalie cAritrika vizeSatA-sampanna koI pAtra bhI nahIM hai| isakA mUla svara mAnava caritra ke utthAna kA hai / isameM dArzanika cintana kA prAdhAnya haiN| kavi ke pAsa sunizcita cintana evaM darzana hai : "bahirmukhI yA bahumukhI pratibhA hI/darzana kA pAna karatI hai, antarmukhI, bandamukhI cidAbhA/niraMjana kA gAna karatI hai| darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai-vicAra,/adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai sarvathA stabdha-nirvicAra !/eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhii|" (pR. 288-289) yaha kahate hue bhI kavi ne abhivyakti ke lie darzana ko hI grahaNa kiyA hai| jaTila dArzanika abhivyaktiyoM ke bIca sAmAnya jIvana ke jAne-pahacAne udAharaNa dekara kavi ne pAThaka ko darzana-bhAra se yahA~-vahA~ mukta bhI kiyA hai : "bhUkhI gAya ke sammukha/jaba ghAsa-phUsa cArA DAlA jAtA hai/Upara mukha uThA kara . rakSakoM ke AbharaNoM-AbhUSaNoM ko/aMgoM-upAMgoM ko nahIM dekhatI vh|" (pR. 333) "babUla ke ThUTha kI bhA~ti/mAna kA mUla kar3A hotA hai|" (pR. 131) "pAka-zAstrI kI pahalI roTI/karar3I kyoM banatI ,beTA !" (pR. 11) isI prakAra zvAna aura siMha ke caritragata antara kI vyAkhyA meM gUr3ha tathya prakaTa kie gae haiM : "mIThe dahI se hI nahIM,/khaTTe se bhI/samucita manthana ho navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai|" (pR. 13-14) isa jaisI uktiyoM meM bhI jJAna kA svarUpa vaisA hI gambhIra hai jaisA ki nimna paMktiyoM meM hai : "parA-vAk kI paramparA/purA azrutA rahI, aparicitA/laukika zAstrAnusAra vaha yogigamyA mAnI hai,/mUlodgamA ho, UrdhvAnanA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 169 nAbhi taka yAtrA hotI hai usakI/pavana-saMcAlitA jo rahI!" (pR. 401) nAr3I cakra yA kuNDalinI Adi ke rahasya ko kitane vyakti samajha pAe~ge? vipazyanA kI carcA zAyada adhika bodhagamya rUpa meM rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se ho sakatI thii| sambhavata: kavi kI dRSTi meM vibhinna bauddhika staroM se banA sampUrNa samAja rahA hogaa| sAmAnyata: kAvya tattva kA bhalI prakAra nirvAha huA hai, yathA : - "abalA bAlAyeM saba/taralA tArAyeM aba/chAyA kI bhA~ti/apane patideva candramA ke pIche-pIche ho/chupI jA rhiiN|" (pR. 2) 0 "dazA badala gaI hai/dazoM dizAoM kI/dharA kA udAratara ura/aura uru udara ye/guru-darAradAra bane haiM/jinameM praveza pAtI haiM Aga ugalatI havAyeM ye/apanA paricaya detI-sI rasAtala-gata ubalate lAvA ko|" (pR. 177) 0 "vaha rAga kahA~, parAga kahA~/cetanA kI vaha jAga kahA~ vaha mahaka nahIM, vaha cahaka nahIM,/vaha grAhya nahIM, vaha gahaka nhiiN|"(pR. 179) ina prasaMgoM meM laya kA vaha svarUpa hai jisameM kavitA mAnoM jhUmatI, iThalAtI agrasara hotI hai| dUsarI ora, ekAdha sthaloM para bar3I zithila paMktiyA~ bhI haiM : "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai|" (pR. 1) kavitA ke vizeSajJa hI isa kAvya kRti ke zilpa pakSa para sAdhikAra kucha kaha sakate haiN| hama to eka atyanta sAmAnya kavitA premI tathA sAhitya ke vidyArthI ke rUpa meM yahI anubhava karate haiM ki kAvya kI gati sarvatra eka-sI sahaja nahIM hai / lagatA hai ki kucha paMktiyoM ko Avazyaka mAna kara bemana se jor3A gayA hai| hamArI sImita jAnakArI ke anusAra 'mUkamATI' hindI kI apane DhaMga kI anUThI kAvya kRti hai jisameM kathAnaka tathA caritra atyanta gauNa haiM / aisI racanA ko vidvAn mahAkAvya mAnane se inakAra kara sakate haiM / AcArya nandadulAre vAjapeyI ne 'hindI sAhitya-bIsavIM zatAbdI' meM maithilIzaraNa gupta ke mahAkAvya 'sAketa' para vicAra karate hue mahAkAvya kI apanI paribhASA dI thI-"mahAkAvya kI racanA jAtIya saMskRti ke kisI mahApravAha; sabhyatA ke udgama, saMgama, pralaya; kisI mahaccaritra ke virAT utkarSa athavA Atmatattva ke kisI cira anubhUta rahasya ko pradarzita karane ke lie kI jAtI hai|" apane zraddheya guruvara kI paribhASA ko AdhAra rUpa mAnate hue hama Alocya racanA ko mahAkAvya mAnate haiM, kyoMki yaha Atmatattva ke kisI cira anubhUta rahasya ko pradarzita karane vAlI racanA hai / Atma tattva kA yaha anubhUta rahasya kama se kama chabbIsa zatAbdiyoM se hamAre mahApuruSa dete rahe haiN| hindI meM kAvya rUpa meM hamako avazya 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se hI milA hai| yaha Atma tattva kevala jaina mata ko mAnane vAloM kI nahIM balki svArtha, hiMsA, vinAzakArI yuddhoM se trasta tathA asahAya mAnava mAtra kI pU~jI hai| mAnavavAdI cintana kI sImAoM ko hama dekhate A rahe haiM / aba mAnavatAvAdI avadhAraNA kI pratiSThA kI AvazyakatA hai, anyathA sampUrNa vizva ke sAmane bhayAvaha bhaviSya upasthita hai / isa mahAkAvya kA mahattva isa pRSThabhUmi meM vizeSa ho gayA hai /
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM prazAsanika evaM nyAyika dRSTi sureza jaina AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' bhAratIya saMskRti kI mahattvapUrNa dharohara hai / pArasa dhAma nainAgiri kI mATI meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI pUrNatA kI jAnakArI pUrNatA ke kucha hI kSaNoM meM prApta kara hameM hArdika prasannatA huI thii| isake pUrva variSTha vidvAnoM, sAhityakAroM evaM apanI patnI vimalA jaina, jilA evaM satra nyAyAdhIza ke sAtha baiThakara isa lekhaka ne nainAgiri kI siddha zilA para virAjamAna AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke madhura kaNTha se isa mahAkAvya kI aneka paMktiyA~ sunane kA anupama saubhAgya prApta kiyA hai| nainAgiri meM janmI yaha mUkamATI' pratyeka mAnava meM zAzvata jIvana mUlyoM kI sthApanA kara saMskRti ke vikAsa meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna karatI hai / yaha pratyeka vyakti ko saMjIvanI zakti pradAna karatI huI apanI utkRSTa vaicArika krAnti dvArA yugIna jIvanAdarzoM kI sthApanA karatI hai / pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM (budhavAra, 25 apraila, 1984) ko prArambha huI tathA pArasanAtha kI samavasaraNa bhUmi nainAgiri, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM (budhavAra, 11 pharavarI, 1987) ko pUrI huI yaha 'mUkamATI' vizva ke pratyeka prANI ko vikAsa ke samAna evaM samucita avasara upalabdha karAtI hai aura prakAza stambha kI bhA~ti use utkarSa ke sarvocca zikhara kA patha prazasta karatI hai| mAnavIya dharma ke binA rAjanIti, nyAyapAlikA aura kAryapAlikA paMgu hotI hai, kyoMki pratyeka vyavasthA mAnava ko kendra meM rakhakara hI nirmita kI jAtI hai / vyavasthA kA yaha trikoNa samAja kA AdhArabhUta evaM mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / Aja rAjanItika, nyAyika evaM prazAsakIya paMgutA apane zikhara para hai| hameM apane rAjanItijJoM, nyAyavidoM evaM prazAsakoM meM mAnavIyatA ke zAzvata mUlya sthApita karanA Avazyaka hai jisase U~ce pada para baiTha kara unheM apane bandhu-bAndhavoM evaM sAmAnya vyakti ke sAtha mAnavIya vyavahAra karane meM hInatA kI bhAvanA na ho / yadi rAjanItijJa, nyAyavid aura prazAsaka AcAryazrI ke cAritrika-sAhityika avadAna kA zatAMza bhI apane jIvana meM utAra leM to ve aura hama laukika evaM AdhyAtmika sampannatA ke sarvocca zikhara para pahu~ca sakate haiN| pratyeka prazAsanika ikAI ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa meM saMlagna prazAsakoM ke utthAna ke lie ahaMkArazUnyatA evaM aindriyasaMyama kI avadhAraNA 'mUkamATI' kI ina paMktiyoM meM sAkAra ho uThatI hai : "vikAsa ke krama taba uThate haiM/jaba mati sAtha detI hai jo mAna se vimukha hotI hai, aura/vinAza ke krama taba juTate haiM jaba rati sAtha detI hai/jo mAna meM pramukha hotI hai| utthAna-patana kA yahI Amukha hai|" (pR. 164) prazAsakoM evaM nyAyika adhikAriyoM se racanAkAra ne mahatI apekSA kI hai ki ve siMhavRtti apanAe~ / mAnavIya hitoM ke viparIta siddhAnta vimukha hokara koI samajhautA na kreN| samAcAra evaM kRtrima ADambaroM se svayaM ko alaga rakhakara sadaiva vivekapUrNa nirNaya lekara samAja meM ucca koTi ke prazAsanika evaM nyAyika mAnadaNDa sthApita kreN| santa kavi ne ina paMktiyoM meM yaha bhAva abhivyakta kiyA hai : "pIche se, kabhI kisI para/dhAvA nahIM bolatA siMha, garaja ke binA garajatA bhI nahIM,/aura/binA garaje
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 171 kisI para barasatA bhI nahIM-/yAnI/mAyAcAra se dUra rahatA hai siMha / ...siMha viveka se kAma letA hai/sahI kAraNa kI ora hI sadA dRSTi jAtI hai siMha kii|" (pR. 169-170) __ adhikAMza nyAyika evaM prazAsanika adhikArI apane zArIrika sukha, padonnati evaM vetana vRddhi ke cintana meM aharniza saMlagna rahate haiN| unake lie nimnAMkita paMktiyA~ vAstavika jIvana lakSya nirdhArita karane kI preraNA detI haiM : "bhoga par3e haiM yahIM/bhogI calA gayA,/yoga par3e haiM yahIM/yogI calA gayA, kauna kisa ke lie-/dhana jIvana ke lie/yA jIvana dhana ke lie? mUlya kisakA/tana kA yA vetana kA,/jar3a kA yA cetana kA?" (pR. 180) pratyeka adhikArI ko puruSArtha evaM parizrama kI preraNA dete hue puruSArtha evaM parizrama ke jIvanta zIrSapuruSa kahate haiM: "bAhubala milA hai tumheM/karo puruSArtha sahI/puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI, parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 212) nyAyika yA prazAsanika adhikArI kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha sahI vyakti para anugraha kareM evaM samAjavirodhI AcaraNa ko niyantrita kareM: "ziSToM para anugraha karanA/sahaja-prApta zakti kA/sadupayoga karanA hai, dharma hai| aura,/ duSToM kA nigraha nahIM karanA/zakti kA durupayoga karanA hai, adharma hai|" __ (pR. 276-277) rAjya zAsana dvArA apane adhInastha alpa vetanabhogI karmacAriyoM ko paryApta vetana evaM suvidhAe~ dI jAe~ aura unheM vikAsa ke avasara upalabdha karAe jaaeN| ina siddhAntoM kA citraNa nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM utkRSTa DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai "thor3I-sI/tana kI bhI cintA honI cAhie,/tana ke anurUpa vetana anivArya hai, mana ke anurUpa vizrAma bhii|/maatr damana kI prakriyA se koI bhI kriyA/phalavatI nahIM hotI hai|" (pR. 391) __ zAsana kA mahattvapUrNa kAryakrama hai alpa bacata ke lie protsAhana / AcAryazrI yaha tathya ina paMktiyoM meM isa prakAra puSTa karate haiM : "dhana kA mitavyaya karo, ativyaya nahIM apavyaya to kabhI nahIM,/bhUlakara svapna meM bhI nhiiN|" (pR. 414) deza tathA pradeza meM phailatA huA AtaMka sAmAnyajana kI satata upekSA, upahAsa, zoSaNa aura apamAna kA pariNAma hai / yaha sthApita karate hue AcAryazrI nIti nirdhArakoM ko mahattvapUrNa mArgadarzana dete hue kahate haiM :
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________________ 172 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI,/AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai| ati-poSaNa yA ati-zoSaNa kA bhI/yahI pariNAma hotA hai,/taba jIvana kA lakSya banatA hai, zodha nahIM,/badale kA bhAva "pratizodha ! jo ki/mahA-ajJAnatA hai, dUradarzitA kA abhAva/para ke lie nahIM, apane lie bhI ghAtaka !" (pR. 418) "nahIM"nahIM"nahIM"/lauTanA nahIM !/abhI nahIM." kabhI bhI nahIM."/kyoMki abhI AtaMkavAda gayA nahIM,/usase saMgharSa karanA hai abhI/vaha kRta-saMkalpa hai apane dhruva para dRddh'|/jb taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM,/ye kAna aba AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate,/yaha jIvana bhI kRta-saMkalpita hai ki usakA rahe yA isakA/yahA~ astitva eka kA rhegaa|" (pR. 441) Aie, hama AcAryazrI ke darzana kara santa-saMyata banane kI preraNA leM tathA yathA upalabdha meM sukhAnubhUti karate hue vikAsa ke patha para Age bar3heM: "santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai/saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai, samAgama karanevAlA bhale hI/turanta santa-saMyata/bane yA na bane isameM koI niyama nahIM hai,/kintu vaha/santoSI avazya banatA hai / sahI dizA kA prasAda hI/sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai|" (pR. 352) daNDa-saMhitA kA pramukha lakSya aparAdhI kI uddaNDatA ko dUra karanA hai, use krUratA se daNDita karanA nahIM / ve kA~ToM ko kATane kI nahIM, balki unake ghAvoM ko sahalAne kI hameM zikSA dete haiN| ve pApI se nahIM pApa se, paMkaja se nahIM paMka se ghRNA karane kI hameM sIkha dete haiM : "prANadaNDa se/auroM ko to zikSA milatI hai,/parantu jise daNDa diyA jA rahA hai/usakI unnati kA avasara hI samApta / daNDasaMhitA isako mAne yA na mAne,/krUra aparAdhI ko krUratA se daNDita karanA bhI/eka aparAdha hai,/nyAya-mArga se skhalita honA hai|" (pR. 431) nyAya-zAstra kA yaha sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai ki corI karane vAlA tathA corI kI preraNA dene vAlA samAna rUpa se doSI hai| AcAryazrI isa siddhAnta se bhI Age bar3hakara udghoSa karate haiM ki cora ko corI karane kI preraNA dene vAlA vyakti cora se adhika doSI hai : ___ "cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki/coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) rAjanIti, prazAsana aura nyAyapAlikA rAjyazakti ke mahattvapUrNa stambha haiN| ina zakti stambhoM ke vibhinna
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 173 padoM para padastha vyaktiyoM ko ina padoM para sadaiva bane rahane kI tRSNA ghera letI hai| yaha tRSNA atyadhika kaSTadAyaka hotI hai| isa pada-lipsA evaM prazAsanika evaM nyAyika adhikArI kI antima AkAMkSA ko spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM : "jitane bhI pada haiM/vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiM,/pada-lipsA kA viSadhara vaha bhaviSya meM bhI hameM na sUMghebasa yahI bhAvanA hai, vibho !" (pR. 434) arihanta aura jana-santa se hamArI yahI yAcanA hai ki ve hameM aisA viveka deM ki hama rASTra ke utthAna meM sadaiva saMlagna rahakara nimnAMkita paMktiyoM ko apane zeSa jIvanakAla meM tana-mana se gunagunAte raheM : "dharatI kI pratiSThA banI rahe, aura/hama saba kI dharatI meM niSThA ghanI rahe, basa / " (pR. 262) [sanmati vANI' (mAsika), indaura-madhyapradeza, sitambara, 2000 ] pRSTha 189 jaba kabhIdharApara--- - ... dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : zreSTha AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya DaoN. phaiyAz2a alI khA~ 'mUkamATI' sAhitya ke kSetra meM eka anupama evaM bejor3a grantha hai / isake dvArA eka nitAnta navIna vidhA kA sRjana huA hai| isa prakAra kI koI kRti merI dRSTi meM nahIM aaii| 'na bhUto' to merA vizvAsa banA hI hai, 'na bhaviSyati' kahane kA maiM sAhasa karatA hU~, yadi svayaM AcAryazrI hI isI prakAra ke anya grantha praNayana kI kRpA na kreN| ___grantha prakAzana saMsthA bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI ke zrI lakSmIcandrajI ne grantha ke vidvattApUrNa 'prastavana' meM eka prazna uThAyA hai ki 'mUkamATI' ko 'mahAkAvya kahA jAya yA khaNDa-kAvya yA mAtra kAvya ?' grantha ke sambandha meM aisI duvidhA kA koI sthAna hI nahIM ho sakatA / eka naI vidhA ko janma dene vAlA yaha grantha mahAkAvya hI siddha hotA hai, aura sone meM sugandha rUpa eka parama zreSTha AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya / phalata: usake Akalana ke to mAnadaNDa hI nae hoMge / daNDI ke 'kAvyAdarza', vizvanAtha kavirAja ke sAhitya darpaNa' prabhRti granthoM meM vivecita mahAkAvyoM ke mAnadaNDa to kevala sAMsArika mahAkAvyoM para lAgU hote haiN| unase isa mahAkAvya kA Akalana karanA asamIcIna hI nahIM, anAvazyaka bhI hogaa| kAraNa, sAMsArika mahAkAvyoM kA praNayana laukika rasa sRSTi, pANDitya pradarzana evaM tatsambandhI pratibhA-prakaTanaprayAsa ko dhyAnAntargata rakha kara kiyA jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' grantha meM to mAtra AdhyAtmika abhivyaktiyoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / sAMsArika mahAkAvyoM meM buddhi vyAyAma kI apekSA rahatI hai, 'mUkamATI' ko samajhane ke lie AtmasAdhita alaukika anubhava anivArya hai; sAMsArika mahAkAvya bhava-poSaka hote haiM, 'mUkamATI' bhavanAzinI hai; sAMsArika mahAkAvya pravRttiparaka hote haiM, 'mUkamATI' hai nivRtti niyAmaka; eka kA uddezya saMsAra hai, 'mUkamATI' kA mokSa; eka meM kSaNika sukhoM kI ananta preraNA hai, 'mUkamATI' meM Atma prApti ke saiddhAntika upaay| sAMsArika mahAkAvyoM ke nAyaka samrAT athavA yadA-kadA prasiddha vyakti hote haiM, 'mUkamATI' meM aise nAyakoM ke sthAna para nagaNya vastu 'mATI' ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| ye kramaza: bhoga evaM virAga ke pratIka haiN| eka meM karma lipti hai, dUsare meM karma nAza / AcArya samantabhadra ne kitanI sundara bhAvanA kA varNana 'ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' ke isa zloka meM kiyA hai : "dezayAmi samIcInaM, dharma krmnibrhnnm|| saMsAraduHkhataH sattvAn yo gharatyuttame sukhe // 2 // " -- AcAryoM evaM santoM kA uccatama lakSya hI pravacanoM dvArA dharmodvodhana hai / phalata: pravacanoM meM Atma tattva vivecana, upadeza, hita kathana, mArgadarzana Adi upakaraNoM kA uddharaNa, udAharaNa sahita prastutIkaraNa rahatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM una saba kA prAcurya hai / ata: maiM to ise AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya ke atirikta eka mahAn pravacana kI saMjJA bhI denA caahuuNgaa| 'mUkamATI' kI rUparekhA evaM kathAvastu kA vizuddha vivaraNa to uparyukta prastavana' meM atyanta sucAru rUpa se diyA jA cukA hai| usa ora kiMcit bhI parivardhana kA prayatna mAtra dussAhasa hI kahA jAegA / yahA~ kevala katipaya anya binduoM kA saMkSipta varNana paryApta hogaa| cintana paddhati : eka vizAla hRdaya granthakAra kA cintana sArvabhaumika huA karatA hai| usI ke phalasvarUpa aneka dezoM ke sAhityika mahArathiyoM ke cintana meM samAnatA anAyAsa hI A jAtI hai / 'mUkamATI ke kucha udAharaNa avalokanIya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 175 jIvana kI vAstavikatA evaM tathyAtmakatA kI pratIti kA eka saTIka kathana : "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM aura/iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava ! artha yaha huA ki/pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai|" (pR. 33) ThIka aisA hI vicAra aMgrejI sAhitya meM upalabdha hai : "When the things are at their worst, they must mend." urdU ke prakhyAta zAyara 'g2Aliba' kI kavitA meM bhI yahI cintana hai : "darda kA hada se guz2aranA hai davA ho jaanaa|" grantha meM nyAya sambandhI calA A rahA eka vizvAsa isa prakAra hai : "AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai|" (pR. 272) / yahI bhAva zeksapiyara ke eka nATaka meM hai : "Justice delayed is justice denied." isI prakAra : "pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se ghRNA karo/ayi Arya !" (pR. 50-51) jabaki aMgrejI meM sunate Ae haiM : "Hate the sin, not the sinner.' AcAryazrI ne cintana ko samAja ke vartamAna pariprekSya meM rakha kara jA~cA hai| "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI isa sambandha meM vyAkhyA draSTavya hai : ""vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai 'vasu' yAnI dhana-dravya/'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) zailI : isa zIrSaka meM kevala do binduoM kI ora saMketa hai-mAnavIkaraNa evaM pratIka vidhAna / mATI kA mAnavIkaraNa to grantha kA vaiziSTya hI hai / usake atirikta jina upakaraNoM kA mAnavIkaraNa huA hai unameM se kucha ye haiM- avA, agni, kumbha, machalI, sphaTika mAlA, lekhanI Adi / pratIka zailI bhASA sauSThavArtha meM aneka bAra aparihArya hotI hai| vedoM meM usakA pracura upayoga hai / pratIkoM ke bhAva jAne binA vedoM kA adhyayana duSkara hai| vizeSataH sAhityika granthoM meM prayukta pratIkoM kI jAnakArI, bhAvoM kI thAha lene ke lie Avazyaka hotI hai / 'mUkamATI' ke kucha pratIka haiM : bAlaTI, rajata
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________________ 176 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kalaza, sphaTika jhArI, rAkha Adi / yaha bAta yahA~ dhyAna meM rakhane kI hai ki aneka upakaraNa pratIkAtmakatA evaM mAnavIkaraNa donoM zIrSakoM meM parigaNita kie jAne yogya haiN| zabda zaktiyA~ : mUkamATI' meM abhidhA, lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA kI paribhASA (pR. 110) eka nae hI prakAra se kI gaI hai, sAtha hI sAhitya' zabda kI paribhASA bhI ina zabdoM meM prastuta hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva ho/sAhitya bAnA hai, artha yaha huA ki/jisa.ke avalokana se sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho/sahI sAhitya vahI hai|" (pR. 111) bhASA : mUka mATI' grantha atukAnta kavitA meM likhA gayA hai| isakI bhASA zuddha hindI hai / pravAha meM sarala, vAgdhArA meM sphIta, zabdoM ke saMgumphana meM suSThu, vAkya vinyAsa meM vimala / isameM aneka sthAnoM para bhASA saukumArya muhAvaroM evaM alaMkAroM kA samucita prayoga hai / yadA-kadA lokoktiyoM ko bhI dekhA jAtA hai : lokokti : 0 "dA~ta mile to cane nahIM,/cane mile to dA~ta nahIM, ____ aura donoM mile to"/pacAne ko A~ta nahIM...!" (pR. 318) 0"pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meN|" (pR. 14 evaM 482) prathama kI prArambhika do paMktiyoM meM jo mUla lokoktiyA~ haiM, unameM AcAryazrI ne apanI ora se antima do paMktiyoM meM parivardhana kara mAnoM apUrNa lokoktiyoM ko pUrNatA pradAna kI hai| muhAvare : 'binA dAga honA' (pR. 28), 'pakar3a meM AnA'(pR. 121), 'smiti kA ubhara AnA' (pR. 126), 'lAla ho uThanA' (pR. 379) / kavitA : Adhunika yuga meM kavitA pramukhataH pAThya ho gaI hai, kintu usakI mUla pravRtti, geyatA ko pUrNa rUpa se dabAnA zakya nhiiN| vaha jAne- anajAne geya ho hI jAtI hai / isa pravRtti ke kevala do-eka sundara udAharaNa prastuta haiM : "zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake,/tAraNa-taraNa jahAja, bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo/karuNAkara gururAja !" (pR. 325) yaha vizuddha dohA' hai, apane karma meM bhASA ko saMvAratA-sA / aura to aura, geyatA prerita kucha paMktiyA~ atukAnta DhA~ce meM se cunI jA sakatI haiN| unheM sahaja hI pracchanna rUpa meM vidyamAna pAyA gayA aura eka sundara rubAI upalabdha huI / dekhie : "krodha-bhAva kA zamana ho rahA hai| -1 ...pala - pratipala/pApa-nidhi kA pratinidhi banA pratizodha-bhAva kA vamana ho rahA hai|-2 pala - pratipala/puNya-nidhi kA pratinidhi banA bodha-bhAva kA Agamana ho rahA hai, aura/anubhUti kA pratinidhi banA -3
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 177 0000 zodha-bhAva ko namana ho rahA hai|" - 4 (pR. 106) uparyukta rubAI 1, 2, 3, 4 - paMktiyoM ko eka sAtha par3hane para prApta hotI hai-sabhI prakAra se pUrNa evaM qAfiyA (.....) radIfa (.....) se susjjit| ___suSThu zabda saMgumphana evaM vimala vAkya vinyAsa ke udAharaNa denA Avazyaka nahIM haiN| ve to upavana meM phUloM kI taraha raMga-biraMge rUpoM meM 'mUkamATI' meM bikhare hue haiN| alaMkAra : grantha meM alaMkAra, vastuta: bhASA kI saundarya vRddhi hI karate haiM, use bojhila nahIM bnaate| kucha pramukha zabdAlaMkAroM evaM arthAlaMkAroM kI carcA hI sambhava hogI : anuprAsa : 0 "jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/... uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI gharA kA dhyeya hai|" (pR. 193) yamaka : 0 "yaha sandhyAkAla hai yA/akAla meM kAla kA Agamana !" (pR. 238) "koI akelA/kara meM le kelA!" (pR. 314) "Aja zvAsa-zvAsa para/vizvAsa kA zvAsa ghutttaa-saa|" (pR. 72) "mara hama marahama bneN|" (pR. 174) zleSa : . 0 "yahI merI kAmanA hai/ki /...kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) zabda kAmanA' evaM 'kAma nA' meM sabhaMga zleSa chaTA draSTavya hai, jo vaiSNava kavitA se eka tulanIya udAharaNa rUpa bhI hai: "jahA~ yamanA hai, tahA~ yama nA hai|" kAvyaliMga :0 "apane sAtha durvyavahAra hone para bhI/pratikAra nahIM karane kA saMkalpa liyA hai dharatI ne,/isIlie to dharatI sarva-sahA kahalAtI hai/sarva-svAhA nahIM .. / " (pR. 190) "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho !/yAnI/'gada' kA artha hai roga 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banUM "basa,/aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA gadahA!'' (pR. 40) noTa : yaha eka vicitra saMyoga (evaM vizvAsa) rAjasthAna ke kucha bhAgoM meM abhI bhI pracalita hai ki gadahe kA reMkanA zItalA roga ko miTAtA hai / gadahe kumbhakAroM ke yahA~ rakhe jAte haiM aura yahA~ kumbhakAra aneka sthAnoM para zItalA mAtA ke mandiroM meM pujArI hote Ae haiN| gadahA zItalA kA 'vAhana' bhI hai| zleSa garbhita kAvyaliMga kA eka aura sundara udAharaNa draSTavya hai : "kRpANa kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiN| hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !" (pR. 73) utprekSA : isa alaMkAra kA vijJAna maNDita rUpa isa udAharaNa meM prastuta hai : "lekhanI se huI isa tulanA meM/apanA avamUlyana jAna kara hI mAno, nirdaya ho TUTa par3e/bhU-kaNoM ke Upara anagina ole /
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________________ 178 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pratikAra ke rUpa meM apane bala kA paricaya dete mastaka ke bala bhU-kaNoM ne bhI/oloM ko Takkara dekara uchAla diyA zUnya meM/bahuta dUra "dharatI ke kakSa ke bAhara, 'AryabhaTTa', 'rohiNI' Adika upagrahoM ko uchAla detA hai/yathA prakSepAstra!" (pR. 250) alaMkAra Age bar3hatA hai, prAkRtika komala chaTA kA anubhava karAte hue : "isa TakarAva se kucha ole to/pala bhara meM phUTa-phUTa kara bahu bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gaye,/aura vaha dRzya/aisA pratIta ho rahA hai, ki svargoM se barasAI gaI/parimala-pArijAta puSpa pA~khuriyA~ hI maMgala muskAna bikheratI/nIce utara rahI hoM, dhIre-dhIre ! devoM se dharatI kA svAgata- abhinandana jyoN|" (pR. 250-251) bar3hate hue alaMkAra pravAha kI eka aura jhA~kI apane mAnasa paTala para aMkana ke yogya hai : "oloM ko kucha pIr3A na ho,/yU~ vicAra kara hI mAno unheM mastaka para lekara/ur3a rahe haiM bhU-kaNa ! so"aisA laga rahA hai, ki/hanUmAna apane sara para himAlaya le ur3a rahA ho !" (pR. 251) upamA : isa alaMkAra ko AcAryazrI ne vizeSa gauravAnvita kiyA hai / vizeSatA yaha hai ki upamAna choTe rUpa meM na hokara vizAlatA se saMvalita haiM, yathA : "dinakara tirohita huA"so/dina kA avasAna-sA lagatA hai dikhane lagA dIna-hIna dina/durdina se ghirA daridrI gRhii-saa|"(pR. 238) urdU kavitA ke samAna-sA udAharaNa : "zAma se hI kucha bujhA sA rahatA hai dila huA hai cirAg2a muphalisa kaa|" ayodhyAsiMha upAdhyAya 'hariaudha' ne apane prasiddha grantha 'priya pravAsa' ke Arambha meM sandhyA kAla kA citra yoM khIMcA hai : "divasa kA avasAna samIpa thA/gagana thA kucha lohita ho claa| taru zikhA para zrI aba rAjatI/kamalinI- kula-ballabha kI prabhA / adhika aura huI nabha-lAlimA/daza dizA anuraMjita ho giiN| sakala pAdapa puMja harItimA/aruNimA vinimajjita-sI huii||" tulanAtmaka rUpa se dekhA jAya to upAdhyAyajI ke upamAna meM vistAra to hai, kintu vaha sArvatrika utanA anubhava AdhArita nahIM hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 179 dRSTAnta: "pUrA bharA dIpaka hI/apanI gati se calatA hai, tila-tila hokara jalatA hai,/eka sAtha tela ko nahIM khAtA, Adarza gRhastha-sama/mitavyayI hai diipk|" (pR. 369) ye udAharaNa grantha meM se binA prayAsa uThAe gae haiN| vaise bhI yahA~ alaMkAroM kA alpa digdarzana hI abhipreta thA, vistRta vizleSaNa nhiiN| ata: icchA rahate hue bhI alaMkAroM ke kaI sundara udAharaNa nahIM die jA sake haiN| unameM se eka kA kevala saMketa mAtra hI maiM aura denA cAhU~gA / pRSTha 349 se 351 taka 'ghara kI ora jA rahA seTha...' ke sambandha meM kahe gae upamAnoM kI jo jhar3I lagI hai, vaha mantramugdha kI sthiti utpAdaka hai| 'mUka mATI' aneka arthoM meM mAnava mAtra ke uddhAra kA grantha hai| kintu eka digambara jainAcArya dvArA likhe jAne ke phalasvarUpa usa dharma meM pracalita upakaraNoM kA vivecana viziSTatA lie hue hai| usakI kucha jAnakArI yahA~ diyA jAnA ucita hogaa| arhanta : navakAra mantra meM prathama namana inhIM ko hai| unake vyaktitva kI kucha jhalaka hI yahA~ sambhava hai, jo grantha ke pRSTha 300-301 evaM 326-327 meM die gae tathyoM meM pAI jA sakatI hai| vaise hI varNana grantha meM kucha anya sthAnoM para bhI prApta ho sakate haiM, yathA- navakAra mantra kA prayoga pRSTha 274 para upalabdha hai| dharma : isake sambandha meM kahA gayA hai : "dayA-visuddho dhammo !" (pR. 88); "dhammaM saraNaM pavvajjAmi !" (pR. 75) "dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi !" (pR. 70); "dhammo dayA-visuddho!"(pR. 70) / ahiMsA : nirgrantha dazA : "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai/aura/jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai |/arth yaha huA ki / granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai/aura/nirgrantha-dazA meM hI ahiMsA palatI hai,/pala-pala panapatI,/"bala pAtI hai|" (pR. 64) bhAvanA : jaina dharma meM bAraha bhAvanAe~ mAnya haiN| virakti viSayaka satata cintana bhAvanAoM kA kSetra hai / mokSa rUpI sukha, ziva kI prApti kI ora AtmA ko agrasara karane ke lie ye mukhya upakaraNoM meM se haiN| inakA sandarbha pRSTha 300-302 para hai, aura hai anta meM niSkarSa : "yU~ ! kumbha ne bhAvanA bhAyo/so, 'bhAvanA bhava-nAzinI' yaha santoM kI sUkti/caritArtha honI hI thI, so huii|" (pR. 302) kSamA : ahiMsA ke pramukha sAdhanoM meM se eka isakA uddezya hai : "khammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako, kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase,/sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI!" (pR. 105) 'parasparopagraho jIvanAnAm'- isa sUtra sUkti kA kuzala caritArtha pRSTha 41 para hai| samatA : jaina dharma meM samatA kA ativiziSTa sthAna hai / use zramaNoM kI mukhya sahAyaka kahA/mAnA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI'
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________________ 180 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA meM usakA sandarbha draSTavya hai : "moha aura asAtA ke udaya meM / kSudhA kI vedanA hotI hai yaha kSudhA tRSA kA siddhAnta hai / / mAtra isakA jJAta honA hI sAdhutA nahIM hai, / varan / jJAne ke sAtha sAmya bhI anivArya hai zramaNa kA zrRMgAra hI / samatA - sAmya hai..!" (pR. 330) viSaya-kaSAya : ye adhyAtma jJAna ke bAdhaka haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke anusAra : "viSayoM aura kaSAyoM kA vamana nahIM honA hI unake prati mana meM/abhiruci kA honA hai|" (pR. 280 ) IrSyA samiti : jainAcAra viSayaka ekAdha bindu ke rUpa meM yahA~ dekheM / paNDita daulatarAma jI ne 'chahaDhAlA' meM IryA samiti sambandha meM kahA hai : "paramAda taji caukara mahI lakhi, samiti IryA taiM caleM / " (6/2) arthAt Alasya rahita hokara sAmane kI cAra hAtha jamIna dekhate hue, sUrya ke prakAza meM, jIva-jantuoM ko bacA kara, zuddha mArga se gamana karane kA nAma 'IryA samiti' hai / gocarI ke lie jAte hue sandarbha meM 'mUkamATI' meM kahA hai : | O " dAtA kI isa bhAvukatA para / manda muskAna - bharI mudrA ko maunI muni mor3a detA hai / aura / cAra hAtha nihAratA - nihAratA patha para Age bar3ha jAtA hai / " (pR. 318) pUjA pATha : isa sambandha meM 'mUkamATI' meM kahA hai| : " nasiyAjI meM jinabimba hai / nayana manohara, neminAtha kA bimba kA darzana huA / nija kA bhAna huA / tana romAMcita huA harSa kA gAna huA / " (pR. 346) anekAntavAda - syAdvAda : anekAntavAda jaina darzana kI AdhAra bhitti hai| vizva ko isake dvArA hiMsA nivAraNa kA eka nitAnta maulika mArga upalabdha huA hai| anekAntavAda mAnava mAtra ko durAgraha kI vibhISikA se trANa detA hai| anaikAntavAda evaM syAdvAda eka hI vastu ke do pArzva haiN| inameM prathama vastuparaka hotA hai, dvitIya zabda paraka / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isakA upadeza isa prakAra diyA hai ki anekAntAdhArita bhAva ke lie syAdvAda sammata bhASA apekSita hai| donoM paraspara pUraka haiN| AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' meM isa samasyA ko atyanta sarala rUpa meM samajhAyA hai : 66 'hI' aura 'bhI' / ... ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, apane - apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172 ) 66 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 181 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai 'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI-bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai, 'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhaagy-vidhaataa|" (pR. 173) eka anya sandarbha meM lage hAtha hI bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya sabhyatA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana bhI 'mUkamATI' se prastuta kara diyA jAnA ucita hogA : "pazcimI sabhyatA/AkramaNa kI niSedhikA nahIM hai apitu !/AkramaNa-zIlA garIyasI hai/jisakI A~khoM meM vinAza kI lIlA vibhISikA/ghUratI rahatI hai sadA sadoditA aura/mahAmanA jisa ora/abhiniSkramaNa kara gaye saba kucha taja kara, vana gaye/nagna, apane meM magna bana gaye usI ora"/unhIM kI anukrama-nirdezikA bhAratIya saMskRti hai/sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai|" (pR. 102-103) vAkya : kucha vAkyoM evaM zabdoM para TippaNiyA~ bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| bhAratIya dArzanika kSetra kI eka prasiddha ukti hai : "saMsarati iti sNsaarH|" AcArya zrI ne 'mUkamATI' meM usakI sarala vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai : "sR dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai,/saM yAnI samIcIna sAra yAnI sarakanA "/jo samyak sarakatA hai vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161) vyAkaraNa zAstra kA eka sUtra hai : "svatantra: kartA' (jainendra vyAkaraNa, 1/2/24) / isakI praznAtmaka vikRti dekheM : "prati padArtha svatantra hai|/krtaa svatantra hotA haiyaha siddhAnta sadoSa hai kyA ?/ hone' rUpa kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha 'karane' rUpa kriyA bhI to"/koSa meM hai nA!" (pR.348) zabda : mUkamATI' meM zabdoM ke viparIta akSara krama dvArA kucha sthAnoM para nae zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yathA : dama - mada, nAlI-lInA, nadI-dIna, samatA-tAmasa Adi / yaha korI, mAtra icchA prasUta, kalpanAkArI nahIM apitu bhASA evaM artha ke sAbhiprAya, sucAru AdAna-pradAna kI eka mAnya vidhA hai, jo vedoM meM bhI upasthita hai / eka udAharaNa se usakI puSTi hotI hai : Rgveda ke 'agnisUkta' (1/1/7) meM eka mantra hai : "upa tvAgne ! divedive, doSAstardhiyA vayam / namo bharanta emsi|" veda-savitA, ajamera (mAsika) ke pharavarI 1991 aMka meM veda marmajJa DaoN. phataha siMha ne ukta mantra meM prayukta
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________________ 182 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'namaH' zabda aura usa ke viparIta akSara-krama se bane 'manaH' zabda para apanI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai : "he agni ! pratidina hama namaH ko karate hue dhI dvArA tumhAre nikaTa pahu~cate haiM, kyoMki tuma hamAre tama ko, andhakAra ko dyotita kara sakate ho, jyoti banA sakate ho / 'manaH' jIvAtmA kI vaha bahirmukha cetanA hai jo indriyoM ke sAtha sthUla viSayoM kI ora daur3atI hai| isake viparIta cetanA hai 'nama:' / yaha antarmukha hokara hamAre sUkSma jagat meM gatizIla hotI hai|" navadhA : navadhA zabda kA bhakti ke sandarbha meM prayoga (pR. 323) AcAryazrI kI vizAla hRdayatA kA dyotaka hai| upayoga : jaina dharma kA yaha pAribhASika zabda hai / isakA mukhya artha hai-jJAna evaM darzana / athavA dekhane-jAnane kI shkti| 'mUkamATI' meM isake aneka prayoga haiM, unameM se do-tIna prayoga dekhie : 0 "mATI ko rAtri bhI/prabhAta-sI lagatI hai : duHkha kI vedanA meM/jaba nyUnatA AtI hai/duHkha bhI sukha-sA lagatA hai| . aura yaha/bhAvanA kA phala hai-/upayoga kI bAta !" (pR. 18) 0 "upayoga kA antaraMga hI/raMgIna DhaMga vo/yogoM meM raMga lAtA hai|" (pR. 126) 0 "bAhara so bhItara, bhItara so bAhara/vapaSA - vacasA - manasA eka hI vyavahAra, eka hI basa-/bahatI yahA~ upayoga kI dhAra!" (pR.274-75) "vyAdhi se itanI bhIti nahIM ise/jitanI Adhi se hai/aura Adhi se itanI bhIti nahIM ise/jitanI upAdhi se / ise upadhi kI AvazyakatA hai/upAdhi kI nahIM, mA~ ! ise samadhI - samAdhi mile, basa!/avadhi - pramAdI nahIM / upadhi yAnI/upakaraNa - upakAraka hai nA!/upAdhi yAnI parigraha - apakAraka hai nA!" (pR.86) kucha Apta vAkya mananIya haiM : - "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA tabhI kahIM cetana- AtmA/kharA utregaa|" (pR. 57) 0 "pramAda pathika kA parama zatru hai|" (pR. 172) 0 "jaba davA kAma nahIM karatI/taba duA kAma karatI hai|" (pR. 241) 0 "kAyA meM rahane mAtra se/kAyA kI anubhUti nahIM, mAyA meM rahane mAtra se/mAyA kI prasUti nahIM, unake prati/lagAva-cAva bhI anivArya hai|" (pR. 298) 0 "para se sva kI tulanA karanA/parAbhava kA kAraNa hai|" (pR. 339) "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota/mada duHkha hai, sukha kI mauta !" (pR. 102) kabIra ne kabhI mATI ke mukha meM ye zabda rakhe the : "mATI kahe kumhAra soM, tU kyA rUMdhe moya /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 183 ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM ghU~gI toya // " spaSTata: ina zabdoM meM hiMsA kI durgandha hai / bhAvoM kA saMsAra hI alaga hai / vahA~ tarka ko Azraya nahIM hai| mujhe kSamA kiyA jAya yadi maiM yaha kahane kA sAhasa karU~ ki mATI ne kAlAntara meM, usa para thopI gayI hiMsA kA anubhava kiyA aura usake parihArArtha ahiMsA ke prabalatama poSaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI sevA meM pratikramaNa ke rUpa meM ukta aparAdha ke mithyA hone kI mAnasI prArthanA nivedana kI / AcAryazrI ne usa para 'tathAstu' to kahA hI, usake atirikta, mATI ke mUkatva ko vAcAlatA ke abhayadAna svarUpa eka grantha hI astitva meM lA diyA, jisase AtmasAdhakoM ko apane uddhArArtha eka prabala sambala bhI prApta ho gayA / dhanya haiM AcAryazrI kI anupama udAratA evaM loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA / I 'mUkamATI' sarIkhA nitAnta maulika grantha likhanA kaise sambhava huA, isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna sahaja hI nahIM ho sakatA, yadi yaha nahIM mAnA jAya ki usake praNayana meM Apake guru AcAryapravara zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja kA parokSa mArgadarzana hI nirantara AcAryazrI kA sahAyaka rahA aura unakA snehasikta AzIrvAda bhI / AcAryazrI ke gahana manana, cintana, anubhavAdi kA kSetra atyanta vizAla evaM asIma hai| AcAryazrI ne saMsAra kI bahuvidha paristhitiyoM ko jala-kamalavat jA~cA, parakhA aura aneka ko apane mahAkAvya meM saTIka evaM vizuddha dharmaniSTha pariprekSya meM sa~joyA bhI hai| mAnavoM ke lie hI nahIM, prANimAtra ke lAbhArtha naI-purAnI kalyANakArI mAnyatAoM ko 'nitya naI, prAcIna gaI' vidhA ke anusAra jisa niSThA - kauzala se mahAkAvya meM sthAna diyA gayA, vaha mahAn Azcarya - janaka hai / isa nivedana kA udyApana rASTragAna meM prayukta kucha samAna zabdoM se vibhUSita AcAryazrI ke AzIrvAdAtmaka zabdoM se kiyA jAya : ... " mokSa kI yAtrA / saphala ho / moha kI mAtrA / viphala ho dharma kI vijaya ho / karma kA vilaya ho jaya ho, jaya ho / jaya-jaya-jaya ho !" (pR. 76-77) pRSTha 190-191 lo! prakhara prakharatara -- 'jaladhi ko bAra bAra bhara kara --- ---|
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________________ AcArya vidyAsAgara kI bahujJatA - 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke sandarbha meM DaoN. zrIcandra jaina | 'mUkamATI' AcAryapravara vidyAsAgara kI sadvicAra - sAgarapravAhikA, zAnta rasAsvAdikA, dhArmika bhAvanA se parivyApta Adhunika yuga kI anupama kRti hai / AcAryapravara kI digambara jaina muni rUpa nagna mudrA, kadAcit kathaMcit svIkArya atyalpa AhAravRtti, zItoSNa prabhRti pariSaha - sahanazIlatA Adi duHsAdhya paricaryA Aja ke sukha-sAdhanasampanna vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI parirakSaNIya hai - niHsandeha Azcaryajanaka hai / kSut-pipAsAdi ghora tapazcaraNa kA avicala va avarila pAlana karake bhI Apane 'mUkamATI' jaisI kRti kA sRjana kiyA hai, atyanta vismayapUrNa hai / yaha grantha jahA~ AcAryapravara kI zAlInatA, dharmajJatA, ahiMsAvAditA, AdhyAtmikatA, guNajJatA, kAvyajJatA va vidhAyinI pratibhA kA pratIka hai, vahA~ Apake bahumukhI vyaktitva kA bhI darpaNavat pratyakSa pramANa hai / prastuta racanA meM AcAryapravara kI dharmadarzana-nIti-saMgIta-alaMkAra - gaNita-vaidyaka-kAvya-vyAkaraNa Adi zAstroM ke jJAna kI jhalaka isa prakAra dRSTigocara hotI hai : 1. jaina dharma va darzana kA jJAna AcAryapravara vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja digambara jaina AcArya haiM, ataH svAbhAvika hai ki ve jainAgamoM ke jJAtA haiN| AcAryapravara kA yaha jainAgama viSayaka jJAna nimna rUpoM meM ubhara kara AyA hai : (ka) jainAgamoM se uddhRta paMktiyoM ke rUpa meM : nimnalikhita sUtra va paMktiyA~ 'tattvArthasUtra' Adi saMskRta va anya prAkRta jainAgamoM se uddhRta haiM- "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm " (pR. 41), "dhammaM saraNaM pavvajjAmi " (pR. 75), "dayAvisuddho dhammo" (pR. 88), "khammAmi khamaMtu me" (pR. 105), "utpAda - vyaya - dhauvya - yuktaM sat" (pR. 184) / antima sUtra kI sundara vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana - utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira - sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya..!" (pR. 185) isa prakAra unhoMne sabhI sUtroM kI sundara vyAkhyAe~ kI haiN| (kha) jaina dharmAnusAra AcAra : jainadharmAnusAra prANiyoM kA AcaraNa 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ke anurUpa hai / grantha kA nAyaka kumbha svayaM sadAcArI, paropakArI va ahiMsAvAdI hai| kumbhakAra svayaM jaina zrAvakAcAra ko apanAtA hai| miTTI meM milAne ke lie vaha chAna kara pAnI kA prayoga karatA hai| pAnI ko vaha kue~ se jaina vidhi ke anusAra nikAla kara, chAna kara, zeSa jIvANuyukta jala ko dhIre se kue~ meM DAlatA / yaha prakriyA jainAgamAnusAra hai / dvitIya adhyAya ke prArambha meM AcAryapravara kahate haiM : "lo, aba zilpI / kuMkuma - sama mRdu mATI meM mAtrAnukUla milAtA hai/ chanA nirmala-jala / " (pR. 89 ) kumbhakAra jaba 'avA' meM agni prajvalita karatA hai to NamokAra mantra par3hatA hai| mukhyarUpa se seTha jaina zrAvaka kA niyama pAlana karatA hai| vaha pratidina mandira jAtA hai, arihanta deva kA abhiSeka karake gandhodaka sira para dhAraNa karatA hai / nitya niyamapUrvaka aSTa dravya ke dvArA bhaktibhAva se pUjana karatA hai / vaha jaina muni ko AhArArtha Ane para
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________________ par3agAhatA (svAgata karatA) hai, jisakA sajIva citraNa vistArapUrvaka kiyA gayA hai : "abhyAgata kA svAgata prArambha huA : / 'bho svAmin ! namostu ! namostu ! namostu ! / atra ! atra ! atra ! / tiSTha ! tiSTha ! tiSTha !' yU~ sambodhana - svAgata ke svara / do-tIna bAra doharAye gaye ... 'mana zuddha hai/ vacana zuddha hai / tana zuddha hai / aura / anna-pAna zuddha hai Aie svAmin ! / bhojanAlaya meM praveza kIjie' / aura binA pITha dikhAye / Age-Age hotA hai pUrA parivAra / bhItara praveza bAda / Asana-zuddhi batAte hue uccAsana para baiThane kI prArthanA huI / pAtra kA Asana para baiThanA huA / " mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 185 AhAra vidhi ke pazcAt dAtA atithi ke kamaNDalu meM prAsuka jala bharatA hai, kyoMki : " jala" jo ki / aSTa prahara taka hI / upayoga meM lAyA jA sakatA hai, anantara vaha sadoSa ho jAtA hai|" (pR. 344) prakriyAe~ jainAgamAnukUla va zrAvakoM ke lie jJeya haiM / (ga) jainAgama zabdAvalI : lezyAe~, pariSaha, upasarga, aSTa dravya, arihanta deva kA svarUpa, moha kA svarUpa, mokSa kA svarUpa, indriyoM kA jar3atva, miTTI kA eka indriyatva, nirgrantha kA svarUpa, cAra gatiyA~, tIrthaMkara AdinAtha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga jainAgamAnusAra hai / udAharaNArtha 'aSTa- dravya' ke viSaya meM : " jala - candana - akSata- - puSpoM se / caru - dIpa- dhUpa-phaloM se pUjana - kArya pUrNa huA / " (pR. 325) arihanta bhagavAn kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai : "jo moha se mukta ho jIte haiM / rAga- roSa se rote haiM janama-maraNa-jarA-jIrNatA/ jinheM chU nahIM sakate aba (pR. 322-324) (gha) dArzanikatA : prasaMgAnusAra jaina darzana kA bhI ullekha hai, jaise : 1. "sattA zAzvata hotI hai / " (pR. 7) / 2. " prati padArtha / apane prati / kAraka hI hotA hai / " (pR. 39 ) kSudhA satAtI nahIM jinheM / jinake prANa pyAsa se pIr3ita nahIM hote, ... sapta bhayoM se mukta / jinheM ananta saukhya milA hai... ... aSTAdaza doSoM se dUra " / " (pR. 326-327) 3. AtmA se karmoM kA saMzleSaNa va vizleSaNa prakaraNa (pR. 15) prArambha karake chor3a diyA hai, kyoMki Ajakala ise koI dhyAna se nahIM sunatA / 4. 'saptabhaMgI' kA ullekha karake ekAntavAda va syAdvAda ke antara ko spaSTa kiyA hai :
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________________ 186 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 66 ''hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAntavAda, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172 ) isa prakAra vibhinna rUpoM se jJAta hotA hai ki AcAryapravara ko jainAgama va jainadharma kA samucita jJAna hai| 2. jainetara granthoM va darzanoM kA jJAna prastuta kAvya meM jainetara granthoM va darzanoM kA bhI ullekha hai, yathA: (ka) jainetara grantha : isa prakAra ke granthoM meM vizeSataH 'rAmAyaNa' kI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai (vaise ye prasaMga jainAgama ke kathAnakoM meM bhI upalabdha haiM ) / udAharaNArtha - prathama adhyAya meM mRga AtA hai, jisakI tulanA - "bAyeM hiraNa / dAyeM jAya - / laMkA jIta / rAma ghara Aya" (pR. 25) isa sUkti se kI hai / isI prakAra badale kI bhAvanA ke prasaMga meM bAlI se dazAnana ke badalA lene kI icchA (pR. 98) kA ullekha hai| ekAntavAda va anekAntavAda kA antara spaSTa karate hue granthakAra kahatA hai : : "rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka / rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thA / yahI kAraNa ki / rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhI / " (pR. 173) eka prasaMga meM lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullekha hai : "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana / rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na hoM / daNDita karegA hI !" (pR. 217 ) eka sthAna para upamArtha kahA hai - " hanUmAna apane sara para / himAlaya le ur3a rahA ho !" (pR. 251) evaM eka prasaMga meM sItA kI bandhana - mukti ke lie mandodarI kA viphala prayAsa (pR. 421) prastuta kiyA hai / AtaMkavAda ke prakaraNa meM lakSmaNa ke ubalane (pR. 467) kA ullekha hai / inake atirikta, mahAdeva ke tRtIya netra (pR. 428) kA kathana zaivAgamAnusAra hai / O (kha) dArzanika zabdAvalI : kAkatAlIya- nyAya (pR. 385), pArizeSya- nyAya (pR. 430) dArzanika zabdAvalI ke prayoga haiN| kArya-kAraNa vyavasthA kA ullekha kaI sthAnoM para hai / bAdala-dala ke prasaMga meM to kAraNa ke do bhedoM - nimitta kAraNa va upAdAna kAraNa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai : "kevala upAdAna kAraNa hI / kArya kA janaka hai yaha mAnyatA doSa-pUrNa lagI, / nimitta kI kRpA bhI anivArya hai / hA~ ! hA~ ! / upAdAna - kAraNa hI / kArya meM DhalatA hai yaha akATya niyama hai,/ kintu / usake Dhalane meM nimitta kA sahayoga bhI Avazyaka hai|" (pR. 480-481) (ga) dArzanika zailI : kadAcit dArzanika zailI kA bhI prayoga hai : 66 0 'prati vastu jina bhAvoM ko janma detI hai unhIM bhAvoM se miTatI bhI vaha / vahIM samAhita hotI hai|" (pR. 282) "prati padArtha / apane prati / kAraka hI hotA hai / parantu para ke prati / upakAraka bhI ho sakatA hai|" (pR. 39-40)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 187 (gha) sAMkhya darzana : yaha darzana dvaitavAdI hai / yaha saMsAra ke vikAsa meM puruSa (cetana) evaM prakRti (acetana) do tattvoM kA yoga mAnatA hai / isa darzana-sama ullekha prastuta kRti meM aneka bAra kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya meM kavi kahatA hai : "prakRti aura puruSa ke/sammilana se vikRti aura kaluSa ke/saMkulana se/bhItara hI bhItara sUkSma-tama/tIsarI vastu kI/jo racanA hotI hai...|" (pR. 15) zilpI va mATI ke prasaMga meM prakRti va puruSa ke ramaNa kA ullekha hai / anyatra puruSa ke puruSArtha, prakRti kA puruSa ko kucha na denA Adi kA ullekha hai / seTha kI cikitsA ke viSaya meM kahA hai : "puruSa hotA hai bhoktA/aura/bhogyA hotI prakRti / " (pR. 391) puruSa prakRti ke sAmane A~kheM banda kara letA hai| isI prasaMga meM kahA hai : "puruSa aura prakRti/ina donoM ke khela kA nAma hI/saMsAra hai... khela khelane vAlA to puruSa hai/aura/prakRti khilaunA mAtra !" (pR. 394) (Ga) vedAnta darzana : isakA saMketa granthAnta meM hai jahA~ saMsAra kA kAraNa mAyA yA ajJAna mAnA hai : "yaha dehI matimanda/kabhI-kabhI/rassI ko sarpa samajha kara viSayoM se hIna hotA hai...|" (pR. 462) uparyukta udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki granthakAra ko jainetara granthoM va darzanoM kA jJAna hai| 3. vaidyaka zAstroM kA jJAna aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcAryapravara elopaithika va homyopaithika davAiyoM meM vizvAsa nahIM rkhte| unakI AsthA prAkRtika upacAroM meM hI hai / isIlie unakA kathana hai : "mATI, pAnI aura havA/sau rogoM kI eka dvaa|" (pR. 399) seTha ke asvastha hone para aneka vaidyarAja bulAe jAte haiN| seTha kI mUrchA ko dUra karane ke lie chanI miTTI meM zItala jala milAkara eka mATI kA loMdA seTha ke mastaka para rakhA jAtA hai, jisase seTha kA tApa kama hone lagA : "jala se bhare pAtra meM/girA tapta lauha-piNDa vaha/cAroM ora se jisa bhA~ti/jala ko sokha letA hai, usI bhA~ti Topa bhI mastaka meM vyApta uSNatA ko/prati-pala pIne lgaa|" (pR. 400) kumbha miTTI ke aneka upayogoM ko batAtA huA kahatA hai : "mAtra hRdaya-sthala ko chor3akara/zarIra ke kisI bhI avayava para mATI kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / " (pR. 405) pakA huA yA binA pakA huA ghAva ho, bhItarI yA bAharI coTa ho, kitanI hI kAnoM kI pIr3A ho, teja se teja bukhAra ho, nakasIra AtI ho, jukAma ho athavA pUrA yA AdhA ziraHzUla ho to bhI mATI upayogI siddha hotI hai / yadi
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________________ 188 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hAtha yA paira kI haDDI TUTI ho to vaha bhI mATI ke prayoga se jur3a sakatI hai| yahA~ taka ki A~khoM ke darda meM bhI mATI kA prayoga acUka davA kA kArya karatA hai| takra (chAcha) kA dina ke pUrva bhAga meM sevana atyanta guNakArI hai / dUdha meM mizrI milA kara pInA guNakArI hai parantu dUdha ko chauMkakara pIne se buddhi meM vikRti paidA hotI hai / dAha roga meM lalATa va nAbhi para candana kA lepa varadAna hai tathA ghI meM kapUra milA kara mastaka va nAbhi para malanA bhI guNakArI hai, parantu mATI kA lepa hRdayasthala para doSaprada hai| barpha lagatA to ThaNDA hai parantu usakI tAsIra garma hotI hai / mUlata: pathya kA pAlana jIvana meM Avazyaka hai : "pathya kA sahI pAlana hoto/auSadha kI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN|" (pR. 397) 4. gaNitazAstra kA jJAna AcAryapravara ko gaNitazAstra kA bhI viziSTa jJAna hai / isakA saMketa vizeSa rUpa se usa samaya milatA hai jaba kumbhakAra paripakva kumbha para citrakArI karatA hai / zilpI ne ghaTa para kucha tattvodghATaka saMkhyAoM kA citraNa kiyA hai| 'nau' saMkhyA kI vicitratA ko isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai : "99 saMkhyA ko/do Adi saMkhyAoM se guNita karane para bhale hI saMkhyA bar3hatI jAtI uttarottara,/parantu labdha-saMkhyA ko paraspara milAne se/9 kI saMkhyA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai / yathA : 99 x 2 = 198, 1 + 9+ 8 = 18, 1+ 8 = 9 99 x 3 = 297, 2 + 9+ 7 = 18, 1+ 8 = 9 99 x 4 = 396, 3+ 9 + 6 = 18, 1+ 8 = 9" (pR. 166) isa prakAra 9 kI saMkhyA meM vaicitrya hai| prastuta grantha meM 99 kI saMkhyA ko azubha mAnA hai, kyoMki saMsAra 99 kA cakkara hai tathA 9 ko zubha mAnA hai, kyoMki vaha 'nava jIvana kA srota hai / isI sandarbha meM 3 evaM 6 kI saMkhyA kA ullekha karake 36, 63 tathA 363 Adi saMkhyAoM kI navIna vyAkhyAe~ kI haiN| 5. saMgIta kalA saMgIta kA prArambhika sUtra 'sA re ga ma pa dha ni' hai / prastuta racanA meM jaba seTha kA sevaka kumbha lene kumbhakAra ke pAsa jAtA hai to ghaTa kI nirdoSatA jJAta karane ke lie use bajAtA hai / usase sapta dhvaniyA~ nissRta hotI haiM jise 'saragama' kahate haiN| AcAryapravara ne 'sA re ga ma pa dha ni' kA artha bodha isa prakAra karAyA hai : "sA re ga "ma yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa'dha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva/aura/ni yAnI nahIM, duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, ...sahI saMgIta meM khonA hai/sahI saMgI ko pAnA hai|" (pR. 305) isI prasaMga meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki vAdya kalA meM kuzala zilpI mRdaMga ke mukha para syAhI lagAtA hai| hAtha kI gadiyA aura madhyamA ke saMgharSa se jo mRdaMga svara hotA hai vaha "dhAdhina dhindhA "/dhA dhin dhin.. dhA..."Adi hai, jo yahI sandeza dete haiM : "tA tina tina "tA"/tA tina tina "tA...
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________________ kA tana" cintA, kA tana" cintA ?" (pR. 306) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 189 6. zabdoM kA vividhamukhI jJAna AcAryazrI ne prastuta kRti meM zabdoM kI vividhamukhI vyAkhyA, vyutpatti, navIna nirvacana va viparItArthaka zabda bodha vibhinnarUpeNa kiyA hai : (ka) vyutpattigata vyAkhyA : kAvya meM bhI zabdoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaise 'saMsAra' zabda : "sR dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai,/saM yAnI samIcIna / sAra yAnI sarakanA / jo samyak sarakatA hai/ vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161 ) (kha) vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA : pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke dhAtu pATha meM tathA jaina paramparAgata vyAkaraNa granthoM meM bhI 'bhU' dhAtu 'bhU sattAyAM' (pR. 399) artha meM hai / isI prakAra 'svatantraH karttA' vyAkaraNazAstra kA sUtra hai jisakA artha hai- "karttA svatantra hotA hai" (pR. 348) / isake atirikta za-sa-Sa vyaMjanoM ko bIjAkSara (pR. 397) mAna kara unakA uccAraNa Adi vyAkaraNazAstrAnurUpa kiyA hai / (ga) sundara nirvacana : AcArya yAska ne 'nirukta' meM zabdoM ke arthoM kI sArthakatA siddha kI hai / AcAryapravara ke prastuta grantha meM usI zailI meM aneka zabdoM kA bahuta sundara nirvacana hai / jaise- kumbhakAra (pR. 28), gadahA (pR. 40), kRpANa (pR. 73), vasudhA (pR. 82), kambala (pR. 92), kAyaratA (pR. 94 evaM 233), rasanA (pR. 180), jaladhi (pR. 199), nArI (pR. 202), mahilA (pR. 202), abalA (pR. 203), kumArI (pR. 204), strI (pR. 205), sutA (pR. 205), duhitA (pR. 205), mAtR (pR. 206), aMganA (pR. 207), svapna (pR. 295), avasara (pR. 231), niyati (pR. 349), puruSArtha (pR. 349), kalA (pR. 396), madada (pR. 459), samAjavAda (pR. 461), aparAdhI (pR. 474 evaM 477) ityAdi / kahIM-kahIM to eka zabda ke do-do va tIna-tIna nirvacana bhI kie haiN| nArI zabda do prakAra se vyAkhyAyita hai : (a) na + ari, (ba) na + ArI : 66 'na ari' nArI / athavA / ye ArI nahIM haiM / so nArI / " (pR. 202 ) duhitA zabda kA nirvacana isa prakAra hai : "do hita jisameM nihita hoM / vaha 'duhitA' kahalAtI hai ... sva-para-hita sampAdikA / ... hita kA dohana karatI rahatI so duhitA kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205 - 206) isI prakAra mahilA (pR. 202), dogalA (pR. 175), abalA (pR. 203) Adi zabdoM kI kaI-kaI vyAkhyAe~ haiM / abalA zabda kI vyAkhyA 'ba' tathA 'va' meM abheda mAna kara kI hai : 1. ava = jJAnajyoti ko, lA=lAtI hai, vaha abalA hai; 2. aba = vartamAna meM, lA- lAtI hai, vaha abalA hai; 3. balA=samasyA - saMkaTa, a=nahIM, ataH abalA hai (pR. 203) / isa prakAra yaha nirvacana zabda - jagat meM sarvathA nUtana prakAza hai / (gha) zabdoM kI viparItatA : AcAryapravara ne navIna zabdoM ke arthoM kI paddhati kA zodha kiyA hai / zabdoM kI zaktiyoM va artha ko usakI viparItatA meM bhI khojA hai / jaise - yAda > dayA (pR. 38), rAhI > hIrA (pR. 57), rAkha > kharA (pR. 57), lAbha>bhalA (pR. 87), nadI > dIna (pR. 178), nAlI - lInA (pR. 178), dharatI > tIradha ( tIratha -
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________________ 190 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tIrtha) (pR. 452), dharaNI>nIradha (pR. 453) Adi kI donoM rUpoM meM kSamatA prastuta kI hai| udAharaNArtha : . "sva kI yAda hI/sva-dayA hai|" (pR. 38) 0 "rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai|" (pR. 57) 0 "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?" (pR. 57) (Ga) zabdoM ke paraspara antara : prasaMgavaza vAsanA-dayA(pR. 38), darzana-adhyAtma (pR. 287-289) jaise zabdoM ke antara ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| 7. nIti aura sUktiyoM kA jJAna AcAryapravara ne zAstroM meM santoM dvArA praNIta katipaya nItiyoM, sUktiyoM va lokoktiyoM kA bhI yathAprasaMga nirdeza kiyA hai / kucha sUktiyA~ unakI sva-racita haiN| jahA~ kahIM para anya vidvAnoM kI paMktiyA~ uddhRta bhI haiM vahA~ spaSTa ullekha kara diyA hai / ye nItiyA~ yA sUktiyA~ saMskRta granthoM, nIti zAstroM meM va loka pracalita haiN| jaise- "kA~Te se hI kA~TA nikAlA jAtA hai" (pR. 256)- (draSTavya-kaNTakenaiva knnttkm)| 1. "pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA kro|" (pR. 50-51) 2. "pUrA cala kara vizrAma karo!" (pR. 129) / 3. "sarva-sahA honA hI/sarvasva ko pAnA hai jIvana meN|" (pR. 190) 4. "jaba phUla se kAma cala sakatA hai/zUla kA vyavahAra kyoM ?" (pR. 257) 5. saMgati ke prabhAva ko vyakta karate hue kahA hai : "ujalI-ujalI jala kI dhArA/bAdaloM se jharatI hai dharA-dhUla meM A dhUmila ho/dala-dala meM badala jAtI hai| vahI dhArA yadi/nIma kI jar3oM meM jA milatI/kaTutA meM DhalatI hai; ...viSadhara mukha meM jA/viSa-hAlA meM DhalatI hai / " (pR.8) 6. "mana-vAMchita phala milanA hI/udyama kI sImA mAnI hai|" (pR. 284) 7. "jisakI kartavya niSThA vaha/kASThA ko chUtI milatI hai/usakI sarvamAnya pratiSThA to.. kASThA ko bhI pAra kara jAtI hai|" (pR. 258) 8. "bhAvanA bhv-naashinii|" (pR. 302) 9. "pUjyapAdoM kI pUjA se hI/manavAMchita phala milatA hai|" (pR. 337) 10. "jaba suI se kAma cala sakatA hai/talavAra kA prahAra kyoM ?" (pR. 257) 11. eka sUkti hai : "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kaa| kUbata kama gussA jyAdA/lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kaa|" (pR. 135) "gagana kA pyAra kabhI/dharA se ho nahIM sakatA madana kA pyAra kabhI/jarA se ho nahIM sakatA; ...sujana kA pyAra kabhI/surA se ho nahIM sktaa|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 191 vidhavA ko aMga-rAga/suhAtA nahIM kabhI sadhavA ko saMga-tyAga/suhAtA nahIM kabhI, saMsAra se viparIta rIta/viraloM kI hI hotI hai bhagavA~ ko raMga-dAga/suhAtA nahIM kabhI !" (pR. 353-354) isa prakAra aneka uktiyA~ grantha meM bikharI huI haiM, jo jagamagAtI rahatI haiN| 8. prakRti kA saundarya bodha prastuta grantha se spaSTa hotA hai ki AcAryapravara prakRti ke kavi haiN| mATI yA mATI-nirmita kumbha donoM hI prakRti ke upAdAna haiN| adhikAMza ghaTanAe~ prakRti ke prAMgaNa meM ghaTita hotI haiN| grantha kA prArambha prakRti ke sundara citraNa se kiyA gayA hai| prAta:kAla kA manohArI citraNa grantha ke zrIgaNeza meM cAra cA~da lagAtA hai : 0 "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala le kara/karavaTeM le rahA hai|" (pR. 1) 0 "lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM/DUbatI-sI kumudinI prabhAkara ke kara-chuvana se/bacanA cAhatI hai vaha; apane parAga ko-/sarAga-mudrA ko-/pA~khuriyoM kI oTa detI hai|" (pR. 2) yaha prakRti citraNa chAyAvAdI kaviyoM kI bhA~ti atyanta manohara hai| dvitIya adhyAya ke Arambha meM zItakAlIna nirAlI chaTA draSTavya hai : "per3a-paudhoM kI/DAla-DAla para/pAta-pAta para/hima-pAta hai| ...kala-komala-kAyAlI/latA-latikAyeM ye, zizira-chuvana se pIlI par3atI-sI/pUrI jala-jAta hai|" (pR. 90) isa adhyAya ke anta meM grISma Rtu kI tapana kA bhayAvaha citraNa hai jo "tapana "tapana "tapana...' (pR. 177-182) paMktiyoM se prastuta hai / isI prasaMga meM kavi grISma kI uSNatA ko citrita karatA huA kahatA hai : "kabhI-kabhAra bhAnu bhI vaha/anala ugalatA huA dikhaa| jisa ugalana meM/per3a-paudhe parvata-pASANa pUrA nikhila pAtAla tala taka/pighalatA galatA huA dikhaa|" (pR. 182) tRtIya adhyAya ke Arambha meM pralaya kA citraNa vistRta rUpa se hai : "dharatI ko zItalatA kA lobha de/ise lUTA hai,/isIlie Aja yaha dharatI dharA raha gaI/na hI vasuMdharA rahI na vasudhA !/aura vaha jala ratnAkara banA hai-/bahA-bahA kara dharatI ke vaibhava ko le gayA hai|" (pR. 189) caturtha adhyAya meM seTha parivAra jaba vana meM jAtA hai to vana kitanA manohArI va AkarSaka hai ! kavi isakA citra khIMcate hue kahatA hai :
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________________ 192 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "uttuMga-tama gagana cUmate / taraha-taraha ke taruvara / chattA tAne khar3e haiM, zrama-hAriNI dharatI hai / harI-bharI lasatI hai / dharatI para chAyA ne darI bichAI hai / phUla-phaloM-patroM se lade / laghu-guru gulma- guccha / zrAnta-zlatha pathikoM ko muskAna-dAna karate-se / / ApAda- kaNTha pAdapoM se lipaTI / lalita-latikAyeM vaha lagatI haiM AgatoM ko bulAtI - lubhAtI-sI, / aura / avirala calate pathikoM ko vizrAma lene ko kaha rahI haiM / " (pR. 423) tRtIya adhyAya meM tIna badaliyoM kA yathAnurUpa citra hai| pahalI badalI dhavalA sAr3I pahane hue hai| dvitIya badalI nAma cilI badalI ke viSaya meM kahA hai : "palAza kI ha~sI-sI sAr3I pahanI gulAba kI AbhA phIkI par3atI jisase / " (pR. 200 ) sabase pichalI yA tRtIya suvarNa varNa kI sAr3I se susajjita hai| prastuta racanA meM mATI, dharatI, prabhAkara, kumbha, sAgara, bAdala dala, pavana, nadI Adi kA mAnavIkaraNa kara prakRti ke saundarya ko sthApita kiyA gayA hai| 9. sAhityika bodha isa kAvya meM jahA~ khaTTA-mIThA Adi bhojya padArthoM ke rasoM kA vivecana hai vahA~ sAhitya ke nava rasoM kA bhI varNana hai| kumbhakAra ne miTTI rauMdate samaya sabhI rasoM ko mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| vIra rasa, hAsya rasa, raudra rasa, vismaya rasa, zRMgAra rasa, bIbhatsa rasa, karuNa rasa, zAnta rasa evaM vAtsalya rasa kA vivecana hai| karuNa ke sthAna para 'karuNA rasa' zabda kA ullekha hai, jo jIvana kA prANa mAnA hai- "karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai" (pR. 159) / ' zAnta rasa' ko 'rasa-rAja' (pR. 160) kahA gayA hai jo AcAryapravara vidyAsAgara jaise tapasvI ke lie sarvathA upayukta hai / " bodha ke siMcana binA / zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM / " (pR. 106 ) niHsandeha sAhitya meM zabdoM kI sArthakatA arthabodha meM nihita hai| sacce sAhitya kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai : " hita se jo yukta samanvita hotA hai / vaha sahita mAnA hai / aura sahita kA bhAva hI / sAhitya bAnA hai, / artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai / " (pR. 111) - 10. kAvya alaMkAroM kA jJAna AcAryapravara ne kAvya meM alaMkAroM kA suSThu prayoga kiyA hai| unakI pIyUSa varNI vANI bhale hI zAnta rasAtmaka ho parantu alaMkArazUnyA nahIM hai| vaha anuprAsa, yamaka, punarukti prakAza, vIpsA, vakrokti Adi zabdAlaMkAroM se alaMkRta hai / yamaka kI camaka to anekazaH damakatI hai, jaise : 1. " para para dayA karanA / " (pR. 37 ) 2. " kara mA~gatA hai kara/ vaha bhI khula kara !" (pR. 114) 3. "ho apanA, lo, apanAlo use !" (pR. 124) 4. "Aja hIraka-hAra kI hAra !" (pR. 469)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 193 anyokti, virodhAbhAsa, apahnuti, utprekSA, rUpaka, upamA, dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa, sandeha, atizayokti, kAvyaliMga Adi aneka arthAlaMkAra kAvya kI mahanIyatA ko bar3hA rahe haiN| rUpaka alaMkAra to Adyanta dRSTigocara hotA hai, jaise 64 'AsthA ke tAra (pR. 9), sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~ (pR. 9), viSamatA kI nAgina (pR. 12), bodhi kI cir3iyA (pR. 12), krodha kI bur3hiyA (pR. 12), AzA ke pada (pR. 13), saphalatA - zrI (pR. 22), bhAvanA ke phUla (pR. 41), Aha kI taraMga (pR. 284), pakSapAta kA sarpa (pR. 420), samatA kI sIr3hiyA~ (pR. 420 ), pApa kA sAgara (pR. 421 ) " ityAdi / "achUtA-sA(pR. 15), halakA - sA (pR. 14), upahAsa karatI - sI (pR. 20), mahaka - sI (pR. 120 ), ghAvase (pR. 31), cheda-se (pR: 31 ), sandeha - sA (pR. 31), prakAza DAlatA - sA (pR. 125 ) " Adi utprekSA alaMkAra nagInoM kI bhA~ti jar3e hue haiN| kahIM-kahIM to utprekSA kI jhar3I-sI lagA dI hai| alaMkAroM kI rAnI upamA kA prayoga to atyanta sArthaka hai- "chAyA kI bhA~ti (pR. 2) khasakhasa ke dAne - sA (pR. 7), vidyut-sama (pR. 22), mIThe modaka - sama (pR. 119), candana taru - lipaTI nAgina - sI (pR. 130), ghRta se bharA ghaTa-sA (pR. 165), dUdha- sama (pR. 219), pArA - sama (pR. 219 ) " Adi / vakrokti alaMkAra kA prayoga bhI aneka sthAnoM para hai, jaise : " rati aura virati ke bhAva / eka se hote haiM kyA ?" (pR. 33) : dRSTAnta alaMkAra kA prayoga AcAryapravara ne viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie bhI kiyA hai, jaise " pala meM palakoM meM halacala huI / mu~dI A~kheM khulatI haiM, / jisa bhAi~ prabhAkara ke kara-parasa pAkara / adharoM para manda muskAna le saravara meM sarojinI khilatI hai|" (pR. 215) virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra meM virodha kA AbhAsa rahatA hai, virodha nhiiN| isakA sundara prayoga kAvya meM hai / udAharaNArtha : " ahita meM hita / aura / hita meM ahita / nihita- sA lagA ise / " (pR. 108 ) 11. AdhunikatA bodha AcAryapravara niHsandeha AdhyAtmika jagat ke jJAtA va jina- dharmamArga ke sajaga praharI haiN| AdhyAtmikatA bAhya nirapekSa hotI hai / parantu AcAryapravara etAvatA bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI haiM, kyoMki jahA~ unhoMne sva- para utthAna hetu AtmakalyANa mArga ko svIkAra kiyA hai vahA~ bAhya jagat para bhI unakI pUrNa dRSTi hai / Aja hamAre deza kI pramukhatama samasyA AtaMkavAda hai, jo deza ko do kinAroM se pakar3akara tor3anA cAhatA hai| prastuta grantha kA seTha dharmAtmA hokara bhI AtaMkavAda se pIr3ita hai / vaha saparivAra dhana-daulata sampanna mahala ko chor3akara vana kI zaraNa letA hai, parantu dharmarUpI mATI kA ghaTa usakA sAtha detA hai aura antata: surakSA bhI karatA hai| AcAryapravara ne AtaMkavAda ke viSaya meM kahA hai : 1. "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda / zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI / dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441) 2. " AtaMkavAda kA dala / Apatti kI A~dhI... / " (pR. 419 ) 3. AtaMkavAda ke janma kA mUla kAraNa vyakti ke mAnasa ko TIsa pahu~canA hai : 46 'yaha bAta nizcita hai ki / mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai / " (pR. 418 ) vartamAna bhAratIya samAja kI jvalanta samasyA dahejarUpI dAnava hai jo rAta-dina na jAne kitanI bholI-bhAlI
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________________ 194 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mahilAoM ko jIvita nigala jAtA hai| AcAryazrI isa para kheda prakaTa karate hue kahate haiM : " parantu kheda hai ki / lobhI pApI mAnava pANigrahaNa ko bhI / prANa- grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiM / " (pR. 386) Aja ke tathAkathita bar3e logoM meM kitanI hIna bhAvanA hai apane AzritoM ke prati, usakA citraNa unake durvyavahAra se samajha meM A jAtA hai : " prAya: anucita rUpa se / sevakoM se sevA lete / aura vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hI / / ye apane ko batAte manu kI santAna ! / mahAmanA mAnava ! / dene kA nAma sunate hI inake udAra hAthoM meM / pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM, / phira bhI ekAdha bU~da ke rUpa meM / jo kucha diyA jAtA / yA denA par3atA vaha durbhAvanA ke sAtha hI / " (pR. 386-387) Adhunika bhAratIya prajAtantra kI doSapUrNa praNAlI ke viSaya meM unhoMne likhA hai : 0:0 "prAya: bahumata kA pariNAma / yahI to hotA hai, pAtra bhI apAtra kI koTi meM AtA hai/phira, apAtra kI pUjA meM pApa nahIM lagatA / " (pR. 382) niHsandeha cunAva meM koI bhI apAtra vyakti anyAya praNAlI se bahumata prApta karake netA bana jAtA hai / isI prajAtantrAtmaka zAsana ke khokhalepana para prakAza DAlate hue Apane kahA hai : 'Aja zvAsa - zvAsa para / vizvAsa kA zvAsa ghuTatA - sA dekhA jA rahA hai. pratyakSa ! / ... yahA~ to 'mu~ha meM rAma / bagala meM churI / " (pR. 72) AcAryapravara ne Adhunika yuga kA bodha vizeSarUpa se kalikAla ke mAdhyama se karAyA hai| bhAratIya sabhyatA tathA usa para par3atI huI pazcimI sabhyatA ke Aloka meM donoM ke antara ko spaSTa kiyA hai| sat-yuga va kali yuga ke pArasparika dRSTikoNa para prakAza DAlA hai| isa yuga meM badalatA huA loha-ispAta kA prayoga, svarNa - kanaka ke sthAna para lohe ke bartana Adi kA citraNa AdhunikatA para kSobha hai / unhoMne Aja kI samAjavAda kI sArahInatA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai / Adhunika yuga meM paryApta viSamatA se unake hRdaya meM Thesa pahu~catI hai| unakA hRdaya karAha uThatA hai / ve kahate haiM : "hAya re ! / samagra saMsAra - sRSTi meM / aba ziSTatA kahA~ hai vaha ? avaziSTatA duSTatA kI rahI mAtra !" (pR. 212) niHsandeha saMsAra duHkhoM kA sAgara hai parantu mAnava apanI zramazIlatA se duHkhoM se mukti prApta kara sakatA hai : "anyAya mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle / rAvaNa jaise zatruoM para -zIloM kA hAtha uThAnA hI raNAMgaNa meM kUdakara / rAma jaise / zrama-2
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 195 kaliyuga meM sat-yuga lA sakatA hai,/dharatI para "yahIM para svarga ko utAra sakatA hai / " (pR. 362) 'AkAzavANI' ke mAdhyama se AcAryazrI Adhunika yuga ko sandeza denA cAhate haiM : "parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheM karo puruSArtha sahI/puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI, parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 211-212) 12. vibhinna zailIgata vijJatA prastuta grantha meM mAnaka hindI ke mAdhyama se vibhinna zailiyA~ prayukta haiN| bhAvAnurUpa zailI badalatI calI jAtI hai| kahIM prasAdaguNa sampanna zailI hai to kahIM mAdhuryaguNayutA, to kadAcit ojaguNaparipUrNA zailI kA bhI prayoga hai / aisA lagatA hai ki zailiyA~ unake bhAvoM kA anugamana karatI rahI haiN| una zailiyoM meM kucha pramukha zailiyoM kA prayoga paryApta mAtrA meM pAyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : (ka) vyAkhyAtmaka zailI : AcAryazrI jJAna ke akSayakoSa tathA dharma ke anupama bhaNDAra haiN| jaise jana-sAmAnya taka viSaya ko samajhAne ke lie ve apane upadezoM meM viSaya kI vyAkhyA karate hue calate haiM, usI prakAra prastuta racanA meM bhI yathAsthAna kathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isameM, unhoMne sATha-sattara bAra 'yAnI' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, bAIsa bAra 'aura suno' tathA dasa bAra 'suno' zabdoM kA prayoga karake apane kathana kI vyAkhyA kI hai| isake atirikta kAraNa suno, 'eka bAta aura', 'parantu suno, 'suno-suno, tathA aura yaha bhI dekho' Adi zabdAvalI dvArA vyAkhyAtmaka zailI kA prayoga grantha meM darzanIya hai| (kha) nATakIya zailI : AcAryazrI kI dvitIya zailIgata vizeSatA nATakIyatA hai / grantha kA mUla uddezya sanmArgopadeza tathA jinadharmAnurUpa satkarma kI preraNA hai| isa nIrasa va dhArmika viSaya meM sarasatA bharane ke lie nATakIya zailI sakSama hotI hai| AcAryazrI ne prastuta grantha meM mATI, pRthvI, kAyA kI chAyA, sAgara, pavana, svarNakalaza, anAra kA rasa, kesariyA haluA, macchara, matkuNa, nadI Adi sajIva-ajIva prANiyoM kA mAnavIkaraNa karake mATI-pRthvI, mATI-zilpI, kaMkara-mATI, dA~ta-kumbhakAra, rassI-rasanA, machalI-machalI, sAgara-bAdala, phUla-vRkSa, pavana-phUla, kumbhakAra-babUla kI lakar3I, agni-kumbhakAra, svarNakalaza-kumbha, jhArI-zilpI, jhArI-svarNakalaza, nadI-kumbha, AtaMkavAda-mATI Adi kA vArtAlApa karAkara nATakIya zailI dvArA sampUrNa kAvya meM prANa DAla die haiN| pavana aura phUla kA kathopakathana kitanA manorama hai: "pavana ke isa Azaya para/uttara ke rUpa meM, phUla ne/mukha se kucha bhI nahIM kahA, mAtra gambhIra mudrA se/dharatI kI ora dekhatA rhaa|" (pR. 259) (ga) citrAtmaka zailI : isa zailI kA prayoga prastuta grantha kA vaiziSTya hai| prArambha meM kumbhakAra ke Agamana para mATI kA jItA jAgatA citra hai / kumbhakAra kA rassI kI gA~Tha kholanA, rassI se bAlaTI bA~dhakara kue~ se jala khIMcanA Adi aneka varNana Adi se anta taka bhAvoM ke citra hRdaya para aMkita karate haiN| kudAlI se mATI khodate samaya jaba eka kA~TA kaTa jAtA hai to usakA citra isa prakAra citrita hai : "mATI khodane ke avasara para/kudAlI kI mAra khA kara jisakA sara adha-phaTA hai/jisakA kara adha-kaTA hai/dubalI patalI-sI..
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________________ 196 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kamara - kaTi thI usakI, / vahI aba aura kaTI hai, / jidhara kI TA~ga TUTI hai udhara kI hI A~kha phUTI hai, /... kahA~ taka kaheM / kA~Te kI kaTIlI kAyA dikhatI aba aTapaTI-sI hai|" (pR. 95-96) tIna badaliyA~, bAdala-dala avA kA jalanA, AtaMkavAda kA prakaraNa Adi vizeSa rUpa se citrAtmaka zailI ke lie ullekhanIya haiM / (gha) upadezAtmaka zailI : prastuta kAvya ke laghu kalevara ko jo itanA vistRta rUpa diyA hai, isakA eka mAtra kAraNa haiisakI upadezAtmakatA / AcAryazrI isake mAdhyama se sundara sandeza jana-jana taka pahu~cAnA cAhate haiN| mATI, kumbha, agni, nadI Adi ke mAdhyama se to unhoMne sadupadezoM ko prastuta kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI, jahA~-kahIM bhI unheM thor3A-sA bhI prasaMga milA hai vahIM ve apanI subhAvanA ke Aveza ko na roka ske| udAharaNa ke lie jaba kumbhakAra avA meM agni prajvalita karatA hai to agni kahatI hai : para " apanI kasauTI para apane ko kasanA / bahuta sarala hai, sahI-sahI nirNaya lenA bahuta kaThina hai, / kyoMki, apanI A~khoM kI lAlI / apane ko nahIM dikhatI hai / " (pR. 276 ) tabhI prajvalita avA se svaira - vihAriNI dhvani nissRta hotI hai- 'are rAhI, suna !" (pR. 290 ) / yaha nadI yA kAla kA pravAha pathikoM kA saccA patha-pradarzaka hai| seTha ke yahA~ munivara ke AhAra ke pazcAt jo upadeza diyA gayA hai vaha zrAvakoM ko sva-para kI pahacAna karAtA hai| aura to kyA, AtaMkavAda ke prazna meM bhI yaha upadezAtmakatA vidyamAna rahatI hai : " sajjana apane doSoM ko / kabhI chupAte nahIM, chupAne kA bhAva bhI nahIM lAte mana meM pratyuta udghATita karate haiM unheM / " (pR. 468) satI-sAdhvI sItA kA sundara udAharaNa dekara uparyukta viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra prastuta kRti meM Adi anta taka sabhI prasaMgoM meM upadezAtmakatA vidyamAna hai| isa AdhAra para yadi ise upadezAtmaka zailI kA mahAkAvya kahA to atizayokti nahIM hogI / yadi sUkSma rUpa se dekhA jAe to isa kAvya meM pazu-pakSI se sambandhita jJAna (zvAna, siMha, kachuvA, kharagoza, ghar3iyAla, bhramara, makSikA, ghor3A ityAdi), kRSi jJAna (miTTI, bIja, khAda ityAdi), zakuna-apazakuna jJAna kI jhalaka bhI yadA-kadA dRSTigocara hotI hai| AcAryapravara kI vividhamukhI jJAnazIlatA isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki unheM vividha zAstroM kA samucita jJAna hai / yaha dhyAtavya hai ki jina granthoM va zAstroM ke jJAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai AcAryazrI ne unakA etAvat vistAra se adhyayana nahIM kiyA, balki kahanA cAhie ki unhoMne yahA~ prasaMgavaza una viSayoM kA saMketa mAtra diyA gayA hai, unakI vistRta jAnakArI denA lakSya nahIM thA / vastutaH kRtikAra ke vyaktitva kA prabhAva kisI na kisI rUpa meM kRti para avazya par3atA hai| isI kAraNa unakI bahuAyAmI pratibhA kI jhalaka prastuta grantha meM A gaI hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcAryapravara ko dhArmika, sAhityika, dArzanika, vaidyaka, saMgIta zAstra, gaNita zAstra, vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra zAstra, zabda zAstra Adi kA samIcIna jJAna hai / ve eka dharmadhyAtA hokara bhI aneka zAstroM se sambandhita viSaya ke jJAtA bhI haiM /
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : Atmika ArohaNa kI hiraNyamayatA DaoN. janArdana upAdhyAya prastuta kAvya kI saMracanA Adhunika kAvya dhArA kI viziSTa upalabdhi hai| santa puruSa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne apanI tapazcaryA se prApta AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI kAvyAtmaka vyaMjanA kI hai| pariNAmata: prastuta kAvya adhyAtma evaM kavitA kA advaya bodha karAtA hai| jo bhI jIvana darzana evaM satya vyaMjita hai, vaha anubhavaikagamya hai / ve isa kAvya meM Aropita nahIM lagate, apitu prasaMga evaM pariveza se svata: nissRta haiM / anubhavaikagamya saMvedanA ko vicAroM kI paridhi meM pacA kara aisA kAvyAtmaka saundarya prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo janamAnasa ko sahaja hI Andolita, hillolita evaM ullasita karatA hai / 1 sarjanAtmaka kalpanA ke unmeSa kSaNa meM vastu kA padArthagata saMvedana aura bodha nahIM hotA hai / vahA~ vastu kI padArthikatA kI jagaha usakI tAttvikatA pratibhAsita hotI hai| mAnavIya vikAsa yAtrA samatala nahIM hai, kyoMki samatalatA deza evaM jar3a kA guNa hai / manuSya meM deza evaM jar3a ke sAtha hI kAla evaM cetanA kA tadvat yoga hai| deza-kAla kI samanvita zakti hI mAnava hai / prastuta kAvya meM maMgala ghaTa kA sRSTitva padArtha nahIM hai, cetanA hai / isa cetanatva ko cintana se hI anubhAvita kiyA jA sakatA hai| miTTI kA choTA-sA ghaTa racanAkAra ke lie 'ArTi phaikTa' kA kAma karatA hai / yaha ghaTa usake saMsparza se 'satyaM, zivaM sundaram' (The Good The Beautiful, The Truth) kI anubhUti karAtA hai| usake Aloka meM rUpa se pare 'arUpa, 'aparUpa, 'pArasa rUpa' ke zAzvata saundarya kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| miTTI tuccha hai, para kumbhakAra ke hAthoM saja, sa~vara, pUrNa zuddha ho maMgala ghaTa bana jAtI hai| para racanA tabhI sArthaka ho pAtI hai jaba vaha ni:zeSa bhAva se guru ke pAda prakSAlana meM lIna ho jAya aura antima carama upAsya arhanta deva se tadAkAritA kA rAgAtmaka saMvedana karane lage / 'mUkamATI' kI saMracanA hI kucha isa prakAra kI hai, jo parizodhana kI prakriyA se jar3a azuddha, miTTI kA zodhana kara use zivayukta karatI hai| miTTI kA ghaTa 'maMgala ghaTa' bana kara 'satyaM zivaM, sundaram' ko rUpAyita karane lagatA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA sarjana cetanA kI vikAsa yAtrA hai| pariNAmataH yahA~ aihika jIvana kI kathA varNita na hokara mAnavIya AtmA ke uddhAra kI gAthA vyaMjita hai / isase yaha mAnava cetanA kA mahAkAvya bana jAtA hai| aihika ghaTanAoM meM jo bhautika vikAsa hotA hai, vaha cetanA meM ghaTita ghaTanAoM meM nahIM hotA / paramparita kAvya kI bahirmukhI pravRtti ke viparIta isa kAvya meM kAvya kI sampUrNa pravRtti ke sAtha kalA eka stara taka antarmukhI ho gaI hai / amUrta bhAvoM ko bimbAdhAyaka zabdoM se mUrtarUpa diyA gayA hai| yaha nAyaka kA 'abhidhA vyApAra' aura Aja kI 'sambaddha bimba yojanA' (AI. e. ricarDsa) kA utkarSa abhidhArtha jJAna meM hai| isameM yatra-tatra kaThinAI hai, kyoMki kucha aise pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga hai jinakI vyAkhyA apekSita hai / ye zabda bhI prAyaH do prakAra ke haiM- sAMskRtika evaM dArzanika, yathA : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana- utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira - sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya !" (pR. 185) ina paMktiyoM kA samyak arthabodha 'utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya - yuktaM sat' sUtra ke sandarbha meM hai| aise kAvya meM jahA~ varNanAtmakatA hai, vahA~ sampreSaNa sArthaka, zabda nirmala aura anubhava se anuraMjita hai / udAharaNa draSTavya hai : " sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, 0
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________________ 198 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura idhara nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI, O nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/ uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai| " (pR. 1) " prAcI ke adharoM para / manda madhurima muskAna hai / sara para pallA nahIM hai / aura siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI / raMgIna - rAga kI AbhA - / bhAI hai, bhAI..!" (pR. 1) isameM lakSaNA, vyaMjanA ke camatkAra se aise aneka bimboM kA sarjana hai jo saMvedya amUrta bhAva ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karatA hai| zabdazaktiyoM ke camatkAra se amUrta saMvedya bhAvoM ko kalpanA dvArA mUrta rUpa diyA gayA hai| sampUrNa kAvya meM anekaza: sphuTa bimba haiM jo isake samagra bimba yA mahAbimba kA sarjana karate haiN| yahI isa mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu hai / isake sphuTa bimba saMzliSTa haiM / pariNAmataH samagra bimba bhI saMzliSTa ho gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkAvya ke sandarbha meM nAyaka-nAyikA kA prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai / isameM mATI nAyikA hai aura kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / para laukika dharAtala para yaha sambhAvya nahIM hai / ata: isake samUce mAnIpana ko AdhyAtmika romAMsa (Spiritual Romance) ke stara para grahaNa karanA samIcIna hogaa| mATI pratIkSArata hai yuga-yuga se kumbhakAra ke sahRdaya hAthoM ke saMsparza kI / usakA saMsparza milate hI usakI avyakta maMgala mUrti ghaTa meM rUpAyita hotI hai / para maMgala ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda - prakSAlana meM hai / yaha guru isa kAvya ke bhakta seTha ke zraddhA ye AdhAra haiN| AdhyAtmika yAtrA evaM vizuddhIkaraNa kI sAdhanAkrama meM to isa kAvya ke nAyaka guru hI haiM aura antima rUpa se guru ke nAyaka arhanta deva haiN| prastuta kAvya kA prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' parizodhana kI prakriyA kA dyotaka hai| maMgala ghaTa kA piNDa rUpa mRdu mATI ke rUpa meM zuddha dazA kI prApti karatA hai : "kevala / varNa-raMga kI apekSA / gAya kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai Aka kA kSIra bhI dhavala hai / donoM Upara se vimala haiM parantu / paraspara unheM milAte hI / vikAra utpanna hotA hai kSIra phaTa jAtA hai / pIra bana jAtA hai vaha ! nIra kA kSIra bananA hI / varNa-lAbha hai, / varadAna hai|" (pR. 48-49) dUsarA khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM' sAhitya cetanA ke vividha AyAmoM ko chUtA hai| nava rasoM kI naI vyAkhyA, saMgIta kI anta: prakRti kA udghATana, Rtu varNana, tattva darzana Adi sabhI isameM samAhita haiM / zabdoccAraNa mAtra 'zabda' hai / sampUrNa artha ko samajhanA 'zabda bodha' aura samUce bodha ko anubhUtiyoM meM, AcaraNa meM utAranA 'zodha' hai: : "bodha ke siMcana binA / zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai ki / zabdoM ke paudhoM para / sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM, / ... bodha kA phUla jaba DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM / vaha pakva phala hI to / zodha kahalAtA hai / bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai / zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se / tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai, / phUla kA rakSaNa ho aura/ phala kA bhakSaNa ho / " (pR. 106 - 107)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 199 Azaya spaSTa hai zabda kA artha anubhava meM khapakara arthavAn banatA hai / zabdArtha bodha, AcaraNa aura anubhUti meM utarakara hI mUlyavAn hotA hai / tIsarA khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke mAdhyama se puNya karma ke sampAdana dvArA utpanna zreyas upalabdhi kA citraNa hai / yaha zreyas tattva hai bheda se abheda kI yAtrA, dvaya se advaya kI madhumatI bhUmi meM praveza kA : cauthA khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' ghaTa ke maMgala mUrti prApti kI kathA hai / ghaTa tapatA hai, pUrNa tapakara nikalatA hai aura kumbhakAra dvArA zraddhAlu nagara seTha ke sevakoM ke hAtha AhAra dAna ke lie Ae guru ke pAdaprakSAlana ke lie jala bharane ko detA hai / isa khaNDa ke anta meM eka dRSTikoNa ubharatA hai - vaha hai sAdhanA se prApta Atmopalabdhi / cAroM khaNDoM meM aneka sphuTa saMzliSTa bimba haiM, jo mUla saMzliSTa mahAbimba yA samagra bimba ko bhAsvara banAte haiN| yaha avazya hai ki prasaMgoM kA pUrvApara krama bikharA hai, para kAvya ko naI mana:sthiti se jor3ane ke lie yaha prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai / bhASika saMracanA kA camatkAra bhI prabhaviSNu hai / zabdoM ko pracalita artha meM prayukta kara usakI saMracanA ko vyAkaraNa ke mAnadaNDa se prastuta kara use naI arthavattA dI gaI hai / zabdoM kI vyutpattimUlaka prastuti antaraMga artha ke sAtha hI arthoM ke achUte AyAma ko vyakta karatI hai / zabdoM kI dhvaniyA~ aneka sAmyoM kI pratidhvani meM arthAntarita hokara eka bhAsvara, tAz2A nAdAtmaka bimba upasthita karatI haiM jo zabdalaya evaM arthalaya kI mArmika anviti kI vyaMjaka haiM : m "nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA / bheda se abheda kI ora / veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI caahie|" (pR. 267) O O O O O 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka / maiM sabake aura kucha vAMchA nahIM / gada- hA "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho ! / yAnI / 'garda' kA artha hai roga rogoM kA hantA banU~ / basa, gadahA ..!" (pR. 40 ) "yuga ke Adi meM / isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai / kumbhakAra ! 'kuM' yAnI dharatI / aura / 'bha' yAnI bhAgya - / yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho / kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) isameM dArzanikatA evaM upadezAtmakatA kA kSaNa-kSaNa itanA AkhyAna hai ki kAvya 'DAyaDekTika' lagane lagatA hai| sAtha hI AkhyAna zailI pravacanAtmaka paddhati apanA letI hai, yathA : " "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA !" (pR. 7) " sattA zAzvata hotI hai/ sattA bhAsvata hotI hai beTA !" (pR. 7) "svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !/ samajhI bAta, beTA ?" (pR. 9) "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI / satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA !" (pR. 9) AI. e. ricarDsa ne kAvyAsvAda ke vividha avasthAnoM meM eka 'dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa' bhI mAnA hai| Azaya hai ki kAvya cintana se pAThaka ko kauna-sI dRSTi milatI hai ? prastuta kAvya meM pAThaka ko jo dRSTi upalabdha hai, vaha hai sabakA mahAmauna meM vilaya / mauna aura mukhara donoM mahAmauna meM samAhita ho jAte haiM / kahane kA artha hai Atmika ArohaNa
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________________ 200 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke utkarSa para eka aisA bindu AtA hai, jahA~ na zabda hai-na artha hai, na gati hai-na agati hai, na nRtya hai-na anRtya hai, na asti hai-na nAsti hai / agara hai to kevala 'zAnta bindu' jise iliyaTa ne apane 'phora kvArTa' meM 'sTila pvAinTa'(StillPoint) kahA hai / isameM jar3a-cetana, deza-kAla, rUpa-arUpa, sthANu-kSipra sabhI viparItatAe~ rIta jAtI haiM aura raha jAtA hai kevala zAnta bindu (Still-Point) / "isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para!/aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa.. aura mAhaula ko/animeSa nihaartii-sii/''muukmaattii|" (pR. 488) pRSTha 193 tathApi . vicAra kare tousakA svabhAva to chalanA hai| /
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________________ Adhunika hindI kAvya kI apratima upalabdhi : 'mUkamATI' __ DaoN. braja bhUSaNa zarmA 'mUkamATI' kI racanA Adhunika hindI kAvya kI eka apratima upalabdhi hai, jo antaHprajJA kI anta:salilA ke manthana dvArA AtmajJAna pUrita viveka kA bhAvAsvAdana aura kRti meM nihita mahatI bhAvanA kA anubhava pAThakoM ko karAtI hai| isa racanA meM kavi kA uddezya sambhavata: tucchatama samajhI jAne vAlI vastu kI upAdeyatA aura usameM chipe saundarya se hamArA paricaya karAnA hI nahIM hai apitu isake mAdhyama se isa sRSTi ke prapaMca meM vyApta una pakSoM se bhI hamArA paricaya karAnA hai jo dRSTa hokara bhI adRSTa pratIta hote haiN| hamArI dRSTi una rahasyoM ko bheda kara mUla satya ko nahIM dekha sakatI: "rahasya ke bUMghaTa kA udghATana/puruSArtha ke hAtha meM hai rahasya ko sUMghane kI kar3I pyAsa/use hI lagatI hai jo bhoktA saMvedana-zIla hotA hai|" (pR. 163) hamArI jIvana taraMgeM rahasya meM chipI haiN| hameM unako apane puruSArtha, jJAna, viveka dvArA udghATita karanA hai / kavi ne sabhI rahasyoM ko mATI tathA kumbhakAra meM pratIka-vidhAna dvArA varNita kiyA hai| kavi mATI kI mahimA kA saMketa karatA hai: "kahA~ taka kahI jAya mATI kI mahimA,/tulA kahA~ hai vaha, tauleM kaise ?/kisase tulanA kareM mATI kI/yahA~ para?" (pR. 406) kumbhakAra kA yaha kathana bhAva,guNa,dharma kI mahattA ujAgara karatA hai| prathama khaNDa meM mATI zilpI ko apanA itihAsa batAtI hai / aura kavi mATI ke jIvana, usake tyAga, sahanazIlatA, vinaya aura pIr3A se karuNa, vigalita ho uThatA hai / mATI kA jIvana hI vAstavika aura sAttvika jIvana hai / mATI meM hI yaha guNa hai ki vaha avyakta bhAvoM ko vyakta kara sakatI hai| vaha bhAvoM ko nikaTatA dekara tana kI dUrI ko miTAtI hai / kavi mATI ke dvArA hI adhyAtma kI vyAkhyA karatA hai : __ "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai|" (pR. 38) mRdula aura kaThora kI vyaMjanA kaMkaroM aura mATI ke mAdhyama se kI gaI hai : "kaMkaroM kA dala ro pdd'aa|/phir, prArthanA ke rUpa meM"o mAnAtIta mArdava-mUrti,/mATI mA~ !/eka mantra do ise / jisase ki yaha/hIrA bane/aura/kharA bane kaMcana-sA"!" (pR. 56) hama saMsAra meM yatra-tatra bikharI huI vastuoM ke mahattva, garimA aura unakI upAdeyatA se aparicita raha jAte haiN| mATI isI ora hamArA dhyAna dilAtI hai| __eka to kavi, phira jJAnAnveSaNa aura viveka-tRSA meM lIna, usa para dArzanika tattvavettA- ye sabhI guNa eka aisI kAvya racanA karate haiM jo hameM jIvana ke zAzvata, sanAtana mUlyoM aura satyoM se paricita karAne meM samartha haiN| hama unakA nitya anubhava karake bhI unase vilaga rahate haiM, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa hama jIvana kI saccI saMvedanA aura AtmA meM nihita saundarya-tattva se anabhijJa raha jAte haiN| hama inheM tabhI dekha pAte haiM, anubhava kara pAte haiM jaba hama apanI mithyA
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 202:: ahaMtA aura lipsA se mukta ho jAe~ / yaha kAvya racanA cAra khaNDoM- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; 'puNya kA pAlana: pApa-prakSAlana' evaM 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM likhI gaI hai| cAroM khaNDoM kA nAmakaraNa dArzanika tattva saMvedanA pUrNa hai / ina zIrSakoM meM eka rahasya, jIvana tattva, bhAvayoga sphUrtamAna, saundarya mukharita hai / sampUrNa kAvya meM rahasyodghATana kI bhAvamayI sarasatA chAyI huI hai| hRdaya kI klAnti tirohita hokara eka navacetanA pAThaka meM bhara jAtI hai / udAtta, uddAma, nirmala, bhavya bhAvAvega usa ko pariplAvita kara detA hai| jIvana meM eka naI dRSTi kA unmeSa hotA hai / kavi kahatA hai : "phalAnubhUti - bhoga aura upabhoga ke lie / kAla aura kSetra kI anukUlatA bhI apekSita hai / kevala bhoga-sAmagrI hI nahIM / " (pR. 439 - 440) jIvana aura sAhitya kA eka svastha dRSTikoNa, eka nirmala bhAva pradAna karane kA kavi ne saMketa kiyA hai| kabhI usakA iMgana prakRti kI ora hotA hai to kabhI bhakti kI ora : " pA liyA / prakRti aura puruSa kA paricaya, veda milA, bheda khulA - / * prakRti kA prema pAye binA puruSa kA puruSArtha phalatA nhiiN"|" (pR. 394-395) prakRti khilaunA mAtra nahIM hai| mATI mUka hai, parantu nirarthaka krIr3A dvArA hameM usakA apamAna nahIM karanA caahie| karma kA guru mahattva hai| karmazIlatA kyA hai ? " kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya / anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai / " (pR. 13) kavi ne isa karma tatparatA kI pariNati bhI spaSTa kI hai : "aura, suno ! / mIThe dahI se hI nahIM, / khaTTe se bhI / samucita manthana ho navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai / " (pR. 13) sAdhanA kI kaThoratA, saMyamita jIvana, AtmajJAna kA toSa evaM jIvana meM puruSArtha se phala prApti kI itanI sahaja aura tarka sammata abhivyaMjanA pAThaka ko Atmavimugdha hI nahIM karatI, vaha jIvana kI sArthakatA aura AtmagarimA dvArA hamAre utsAha ko bhI bar3hAtI hai| kavi eka santa haiM aura santa nIra-kSIra viveka sampanna paramArthI AtmA hotA hai, jo isa vizva meM bhUta mAtra lie kucha karane ko vyAkula rahatA hai| usake lie Atma-svArtha kucha nahIM, kucha kAmya nahIM hotA / nispRha bhAva se dU ke utthAna aura kalyANa meM unakI sAdhanA kI caramasiddhi hotI hai| vaha virakta hokara bhI, virAgI hokara bhI apane yuga aura samAja ke prati udAsIna nahIM hotA balki saceta kartavyapAlaka mahApuruSa hotA hai : : "kyA isa samaya mAnavatA / pUrNata: marI hai ? kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA / A ubharI hai.. ?" (pR. 81 ) Aja ke hiMsA, raktapAta, amAnavIyatA, svArthaparatA yukta jIvana para kavi ne kitanA gaharA vyaMgya kiyA hai ! sahaja bhAvodvega karuNApUrita hokara phUTa par3A hai| Aja ke yuga meM dayA aura karuNA kA kavi ko nitAnta abhAva dikhAI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 203 detA hai / mAnava kalyANa tathA bhUta dayA (prANImAtra) kI Aja mahatI AvazyakatA hai| kavi ne machalI ke pratIka dvArA, usakI vedanA ke mAdhyama se isa tathya ko sArthaka vyaMjanA dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai : "dayA kI zaraNa milI/jiyA meM kiraNa khilii|" (pR. 76) manuSya ke hRdaya meM chipI anukampA apane ko abhivyakta karane ke lie becaina rahatI hai / isakI pariNati bhI kavi batalAtA hai : "mokSa kI yAtrA/"saphala ho/moha kI mAtrA/ viphala ho dharma kI vijaya ho/karma kA vilaya ho|" (pR. 76-77) kavi isa sandarbha meM vyaMgya karane se bhI nahIM cUkA hai : " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) isa prakAra kI madhurasikta uktiyA~ pustaka meM kAphI mAtrA meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| kavi kA bhASA para pUrA adhikAra hai / zabdoM kA sArthaka aura zaktipUrNa prayoga usake jJAna kA paricAyaka hI nahIM balki kavi pratibhA kA paricaya bhI detA hai / bhASA meM samanvayAtmaka santulana isI pratibhA kA pariNAma hai / isIlie sArarUpa meM jJAna aura sAdhanA ko batA denA usake lie sahaja aura svAbhAvika bana gayA hai / kucha hI zabdoM meM apanI mUla saMvedanA ko vaha prakaTa kara sakane meM samartha hai : "sadoditA sadollasA/merI bhAvanA ho,/dAnava-tana ghara mAnava-mana para/hiMsA kA prabhAva nA ho|" (pR. 77) kavi ne kAvya racanA meM nihita apane tattvadarzana ko aneka sUktiparaka paribhASAoM ke dvArA prastuta kiyA hai| kavi kI abhiruci isa ora adhika dikhAI detI hai| vaha nirantara upadeza-grahaNakartAoM ko prabodhita karate rahanA cAhatA "para-sampadA kI ora dRSTi jAnA/ajJAna ko batAtA hai, aura para-sampadA haraNa kara saMgraha karanA/moha-mUrchA kA atireka hai| yaha ati nimna-koTi kA karma hai/sva-para ko satAnA hai, nIca - narakoM meM jA jIvana ko bitAnA hai|" (pR. 189) ucita-anucita, naitika-anaitika kA jJAna itane saMkSepa meM kaha denA sAmAnya buddhi ke vyakti ke lie sahaja nahIM hai, jaba taka ki kisI ne kisI vyavahAra yA siddhAnta kA pUrNa paryavekSaNa, parIkSaNa na kiyA ho / kavi ne kahA hai ki parIkSaka banane se pahale svayaM parIkSA meM uttIrNa honA Avazyaka hI nahIM, naitika dRSTi se bhI atyAvazyaka hai| kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki para-kalyANa kAmI, mohamukta karmazIla vyakti ke lie to isa pRthvI para, isa jIvana meM hI svarga hai, yadi uparyukta kathana ke anusAra AcaraNa kiyA jaae| nArI kI mahimA, gaurava evaM mAna-sammAna kA bhI kavi ne varNana kiyA hai / nArI kA mAtRrUpa, mahilA rUpa, patnI rUpa Adi sabhI para usakA dhyAna gayA hai| usakI vatsalatA ko bar3I komala bhAvanAoM meM pirokara vaha kahatA hai :
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________________ 204 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "apane hoM yA parAye,/bhUkhe-pyAse baccoM ko dekha mA~ ke hRdaya meM dUdha ruka nahIM sktaa|"(pR. 201) vaha puruSa kA mArgadarzana karane vAlI hai : "... puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai/sahI-sahI gantavya kA'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha !" (pR. 202) phira : "abalA ke abhAva meM/sabala puruSa bhI nirbala banatA hai / " (pR. 203) kavi gRhastha kI garimA ko puruSArthoM se saMyukta karate hue kahatA hai : "dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM se/gRhastha jIvana zobhA pAtA hai / " (pR. 204) ___ kavi kI saMvedanA aura cintana dRSTi bahuta gaharAI taka gaI hai| bhAvukatA aura kaThora tathyaparakatA kA anamola mela usakI abhivyakti meM jisa rUpa meM milatA hai, vaha durlabha hI hai / tuccha se tuccha vastu meM bhI kucha mahAn aura zreSTha pA lene kI usakI bhAvanA nirantara banI huI hai| jIvana mUlyoM kA udghATana, sthApanA, zreSTha AcaraNa kI bhavya paristhiti evaM kupravRttiyoM meM duSpariNAmoM kI ora santa kavi pAThakoM kA dhyAna nirantara AkRSTa karatA rahatA hai : "artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) aura phira: "kyA sadaya-hRdaya bhI Aja/pralaya kA pyAsA bana gayA hai ?" (pR. 201) Aja ke manuSya meM panapate hiMsaka bhAva, sahaja bhAvanA ke vikarAla rUpa meM parivartita hone, IrSyA, dveSa tathA AtaMkavAda ke phailAva para bhI usakA dhyAna gayA hai| vaha cintita hai ki manuSya kA jIvana unnata hogA yA nahIM? kyA vaha svArthI mAtra aura parAkrama rahita raha jAegA ? kyA use saMyama ke Ananda kA jJAna nahIM ? yA adhama pApiyoM kA utthAna karane kI AkAMkSA usameM nahIM hai ? cetanA rahita hokara kyA vaha apanI sRjanAtmaka vRtti ko tyAga degA ? kyA parizrama na karake aise sundara jIvana ko kAluSyapUrNa kara degA ? kyA usakA jIvana zraddhA, sevA rahita hogA ? vaha mATI aura kumbhakAra ke dvArA agrima svarNima jIvana kI AzA dikhAtA hai : "usI ke tattvAvadhAna meM/tumhArA agrima jIvana svarNima bana dmkegaa|" (pR. 17) phira navasphUrti kA AhvAna karatA hai : "apane-apane kAraNoM se/susupta-zaktiyA~-/laharoM-sI vyaktiyA~, dina-rAta, basa/jJAta karanA hai tumheN|" (pR. 17) mAnava mUlyoM kI dArzanika, dhArmika, naitika, sAmAjika sandarbho meM sthApanA karate hue kavi ne unake vyAvahArika pakSa kI mahattA batalAI hai / vartamAna yuga ke anurUpa Adarza kI sthApanA karate hue tathyaparakatA ko bhI kavi ne dhyAna meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 205 rakhA hai| hama jIvana meM zreya aura preya kA samanvaya kisa prakAra kara sakate haiM, kavi ne isakA mArga batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa kAvya racanA meM upadezAtmakatA kI bharamAra hote hue bhI, zuSka tAttvika viSayoM para vicAra karate hue bhI kahIM bhI nIrasatA nahIM Ane pAI hai aura na hI pAThaka use zuSka upadeza mAnakara chuTakArA pAne kA prayatna kara sakatA hai / bhAvapUrNa vicAroM kA jAla aisA bunakara pheMkA gayA hai ki pAThaka apane lie kucha na kucha khojanA cAhatA hai, kyoMki vartamAna jIvana viSamatAoM, kuNThA, hInabhAvanA aura samasyAoM se bharA huA hai| isalie pAThaka meM usase nirantara jur3e rahane kI bhAvanA banI rahatI hai / kavi isa bAta kA svayaM saMketa karatA hai : "idhara, yaha lekhanI bhI kaha uThI / prAsaMgika sAhitya - viSaya para, ki lekhanI ke dhanI lekhaka se / aura / pravacana- kalA - kuzala se bhI kaI gunA adhika/sAhityika rasa ko / AtmasAt karatA hai zraddhA se abhibhUta zrotA jo !" (pR. 112-113) kavi to sAttvika bhAvoM kI preraNA dekara pAThaka ke antarmana ko chUtA rahatA hai evaM mAnava mAtra ke prati samAna prIti bhAva rakhate hue usake kalyANa kI kAmanA karatA hai| santa kavi ne AtmA kI madhura taraMgoM para tairate hue loka-maMgala bhAvanA pUrita hokara yaha kAvya racanA kI hai / jIvana darzana kA divya patha pradarzana kavi ke zabda - zabda se prasphuTita huA hai, mAnoM divyajJAna kA sUrya kamala paMkti ko prasphuTita karatA hue Age bar3ha rahA ho| aise kAvya ko hama paramparAgata kAvyazAstrIya niyamoM kI kasauTI para nahIM parakha skte| phira bhI yadi sUkSma aura gahana dRSTi se dekhA jAe to isa racanA meM mahAkAvya kI garimA parilakSita hotI hai / Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa, nAyaka, nAyikA, bhAva, rasa, alaMkAra, chanda, bhAvI kathA kA saMketa, prakRti citraNa, jIvana ke vividha pakSoM kA paricaya, aneka prAsaMgika ghaTanAe~ Adi sabhI milatI haiM / kintu ina saba bAtoM ko chor3a kara Adhunika kAla ke mahAkAvya kI paribhASA ki yaha jIvana kI vyAkhyA hai, isa kathana ko yaha kAvya sArthaka siddha karatA hai| udAtta viSaya, caritra, uddezya, upadezAtmakatA, bhAva garimA kA ananta mahAsAgara kavi kI AtmA kI bhavya vyaMjanA kA aparimita bhaNDAra aura virAT dhAraNA ko prastuta karatA hai / ata: aise kAvya ko nizcita aura sImita niyamoM ke AyAmoM meM paribaddha karanA na to samyak hogA, na hI ucita / eka mahAn kAvya ke anurUpa guNoM aura vizeSatAoM kA abhAva pAThakoM ko isameM nahIM milegA / Adhunika kAla meM jisa prakAra mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa meM aura AdhAra bhUmi meM parivartana AyA hai, vahI lakSaNa 'mUkamATI' meM avazya mileMge / vAgvaidagdhya, anuprAsa alaMkAroM kA gumphana, zabda prayoga kA saundarya, varNa dIpti mAdhurya, mukta chanda, layAtmakatA guNa isameM upalabdha hote haiM / kavi ne kAvya racanA ke uddezya aura sAhitya kI paribhASA batAI hai : ke "hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai / vaha sahita mAnA hai / aura sahita kA bhAva hI / sAhitya bAnA hai, / artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se / sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai / anyathA, / surabhi se virahita puSpa- sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha / sAra-zUnya zabda - jhuNDa !" (pR. 111 ) kavi ne sAhitya ke artha, uddezya, viSaya ke sAtha abhidhA, lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| kahIMkahIM prahelikA aura gaNita jJAna kA paricaya usakI bahujJatA kA paricaya dete haiM / kavi sAhitya kI jIvantatA meM vizvAsa
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________________ 206 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karatA hai| zreSTha vyakti ke dvArA sAhityakAra ke mahattva tathA anAsakti bhAva para bhI prakAza DAlA hai : "mahApuruSa prakAza meM nahIM Ate / AnA bhI nahIM cAhate, prakAza-pradAna meM hI / unheM rasa AtA hai|" (pR. 245 ) Apane apanI kRti meM racanA ke bhAva ko bhI batAyA hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / vyathAkAra nahIM / aura / maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / kathAkAra nahIM / isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai - / kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka / jAgRta "jIvita" ajita !" (pR. 245 ) vAstava meM eka mahAn santa caritra kI hI prastuti 'mUkamATI' meM kI gaI hai / kintu vaha kevala virakti bhAvamaya upadezakartA mAtra hI nahIM hai, vaha jIvana ke satya, saundarya aura mUlyoM kA prastotA hai tathA nava saMskRti, samAja aura mAnava kA Adarza abhivyaMjita karatA hai : 46 'aba dhana- saMgraha nahIM, / jana-saMgraha karo ! / aura / lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/ samucita vitaraNa karo / " (pR. 467) itanA hI nahIM, vaha navayuga kA AhvAna bhI bharapUra vega se karatA hai : : "nayA maMgala to nayA sUraja / nayA jaMgala to nayI bhU-raja nayI miti to nayI mati/ nayI citi to nayI yati ... nayI palaka meM nayA pulaka hai / nayI lalaka meM nayI jhalaka hai naye bhavana meM naye chuvana haiM / naye chuvana meM naye sphuraNa haiM / " (pR. 263 - 264) naI zakti, naI UrjA, ojasvitA tathA nava jIvana kI kAmanA aura ina sabase jIvana meM eka nayA nikhAra Ae - yahI kavi kA kAmya hai| samagra dRSTi se yaha kAvya racanA kevala bhAva saundarya aura udAtta vicAra nidhi se hI pUrita nahIM hai, apitu Aja ke yuga ke sandarbha meM isakI prAsaMgikatA atyanta sArthaka hai / yadi hameM apanI vartamAna aura bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ko svastha saMskAra, dRSTi, vicAra, Adarza tathA karmazIlatA denI hai, to hameM aisI kRtiyoM kI bahuta AvazyakatA hai / nava saMskArazIlatA vartamAna yuga kI mahAnatama AvazyakatA hai| hama pichalI zatAbdI se jisa viSamatA aura vibhISikA kA sAmanA kara rahe haiM, asaMgatiyoM meM jI rahe haiM, jIvana mUlyoM ke nirantara hrAsa ko sahana kara rahe haiM, bhaviSya ke prati zaMkA aura anizcaya meM jI rahe haiM to hameM nizcaya hI aise sAdhaka kaviyoM se preraNA lenI hogii| jIvana mUlyoM kI samagratA aura pUrNatA kA prabodhaka yaha mahAkAvya hamAre jIvana meM panapate aneka vikAroM, jar3atAoM aura hInavRttiyoM ko dUra karegA aura sAtha hI sAtha kalAkAra kI sAmAjika upAdeyatA ko bhI sthApita karegA / naitika utthAna aura loka maMgala kA samanvaya hone ke sAtha-sAtha yathArtha kA ucita paribodha bhI 'mUkamATI' dvArA hotA hai Rinoj Namo 5000 pRSTha 990 jhilamila jhilamila..... bahuta kama sunane ko milA yaha /
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM yuga-bodha kA citraNa DaoN. bhAnu kumAra jaina digambara jaina samAja meM jina AcAryoM kI khyAti Aja sarvatra vyApta hai una meM eka AcArya vidyAsAgara bhI haiN| adhyAtma, darzana, zramaNa saMskRti, sAdhanA, tapazcaryA, dhArmika dezanA Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se ve apane nAma ko sArthaka karate haiM / vAstava meM ve jJAna ke evaM vidyA ke sAgara haiN| jitanA gaharA sAgara hotA hai nissandeha utane hI gahare vidyAsAgara haiN| jisa prakAra sAgara apane bhItara ananta muktArAzi ko chipAe rahatA hai usI prakAra vidyAsAgara bhI ananta jJAnarAzi ko apane bhItara chipAe hue haiN| unakI amRtopama aura vimala vANI kA zravaNa karake arihanta bhaktoM kI lAlasA zAnta hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake pravacanoM ko sunane ke lie dharmAnurAgI nara-nAriyoM kI apAra bhIr3a umar3atI rahatI hai| unakA tapasvI svarUpa anupama hai, unakI dharma sAdhanA anukaraNIya hai| ___dharmasAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha vidyAsAgara jI kAvyasAdhanA meM bhI tallIna rahate haiN| unake sahRdaya hRdaya meM eka aisA kavi baiThA huA hai jo unase satata naI-naI kAvyakRtiyoM kA praNayana karAtA rahatA hai / 'mUkamATI' se pUrva bhI unhoMne kaI kAvyakRtiyoM kA sRjana kiyA hai / ve kRtiyA~ haiM- (1) 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara', (2) 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI', (3) 'totA kyoM rotA?' inake atirikta unhoMne pUrva jainAcArya kundakunda kRta 'samayasAra', 'niyamasAra' aura 'pravacanasAra' tathA anya AcAryoM dvArA sRjita granthoM ke lagabhaga do darjana se bhI adhika padyAnuvAda kie haiM, jo unake kavihRdaya kA pUrNa paricaya dete haiN| nirantara ArAdhanA meM lIna aura munimudrA meM vilIna AcAryazrI ne kaba aura kaise samaya nikAla kara lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThIya mukta chanda ke bRhadAkAra mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kA sRjana kiyA, yaha saba unakI adbhuta kAvya pratibhA kA camatkAra hI samajhanA caahie| ___ santa kavi vidyAsAgarajI kA yaha 'mUkamATI' kAvya Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya aura vizeSakara hindI-bhASAsAhitya saMsAra ke lie to eka yugAntarakArI upalabdhi hai, jisakI navInatA evaM maulikatA to usake nAma se hI vidita ho jAtI hai| yaha prayoga apane Apa meM eka nUtana prayoga hai parantu hindI kI prayogavAdI kavitA kI taraha kA prayoga bhI nahIM hai jisameM bhAva, bhASA, alaMkAra, pratIka va bimba sabhI meM nayApana lAne kI hor3a laga gaI thI aura hor3a meM saba kI hatyA kara dI gaI thii| abhI taka sAhitya meM mATI, kumbha aura kumbhakAra kI vyathA-kathA ko lekara sambhavataH itanA bar3A kAvya, mahAkAvya ke kalevara kA kAvya, likhA hI nahIM gayA / kaMkara kaNoM se alaga huI miTTI, jala-cakra-daNDa evaM kumbhakAra ke sahayoga se nirmita kumbha, kumbha kI agni-parIkSA (avA meM pakanA), miTTI kA pakva ghaTa banane ke bAda devatA ke caraNoM meM car3hane kI bhAvanA Ane ke pUrva hI svarNa kalaza meM IrSyAbhAva jAgaraNa, aura phira IrSyAbhAva ke vazIbhUta hokara svarNa kalaza dvArA vighnoM, bAdhAoM aura upasargoM ke daloM kA AmantraNa, kumbha ko apane karakamaloM meM dhAraNa karane vAle seTha evaM usake parivAra para vipadAoM ke pahAr3a TUTanA tathA adamya sAhasa ke sAtha una saba ko sahanA, gaja dala aura nAga-nAginoM ke dvArA seTha evaM usake parivAra kI dala se rakSA, kumbha dvArA seTha ko samaya-samaya para sAntvanAmaya upadeza, AtaMkita hue binA svarNa kalaza dvArA AhUta bAdhA-dala para apanI zreSThatA banAe rakhanA aura phira anta meM bAdhA-dala dvArA zAnta hokara zramaNa santa kA pravacana sunanA-ye kucha kathAsUtra haiM, jinakA saMyojana karake kavi vidyAsAgara ne pUrA kAvya racA hai / mATI kI vikAsa yAtrA yA mATI kI vikAsa kathA ko vANI dene kA jo kArya kavi ne kiyA hai vaha sarAhanIya to hai hI, vandanIya-abhinandanIya bhI hai| mATI, kumbha, kumbhakAra- ye zabda sAhitya ke lie nae bhI nahIM haiN| tInoM kA prayoga sAhitya meM prAcIna kAla
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________________ 208 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA se hotA AyA hai / hindI ke bhaktikAlIna kavi kabIradAsa ne kucha dohe likhe haiM jinameM se eka dohe meM mATI aura kumbhakAra ke pArasparika vArtAlApa dvArA saMsAra kI asAratA kA varNana kiyA hai : "mATI kahai kuMbhAra soM, tU kyoM rU~dai mohi / ika dina aisA AyagA, maiM rU~dUMgI tohi // ' 22 isa meM kabIradAsa ne kumbhakAra ko saMsArI jana kI saMjJA dI hai aura mATI ke dvArA use cetAvanI bhI dI gaI hai ki Aja tU mujhe rU~da rahA hai, apane nirmama hAthoM se loMdA (piNDa) banA rahA hai| parantu eka dina he kumbhakAra ! terA bhautika zarIra mujha meM hI samA jaaegaa| terA kaMcana jaisA zarIra miTTI meM hI mila jaaegaa| dUsare dohe meM kabIradAsa ne rahasyavAdI kavi kI taraha kumbha ko AtmA aura jala ko paramAtmA mAnakara jo abhivyakti kI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : "jala meM kumbha, kumbha meM jala hai, bAhira bhItara pAnI / phUTA kumbha jala jalahi samAnA, yahu tata katho giyAnI // " jala ( para brahma) kI sarvavyApakatA aura kumbha (AtmA) kI usameM vilInatA dikhAkara kavi ne dArzanikatA kA saMketa diyA hai| dUsare bhaktikAlIna kavi sUradAsa ne apane 'sUrasAgara' ke eka pada meM kumbha evaM kumbhakAra (kulAla) ke mAdhyama se AtmA-paramAtmA kI rUpaka yojanA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| : "Udhau bhalI karI tuma Aye vidhi - kulAla kInhe kAMce ghaTa, tuma Apaka raMga diyau ho kAnha sA~vare, aMga-aMga citra banAye galana na pAye nayananIra teM, avadhi - aTA jo chAye braja ara avA~ joga kari IMdhana, surati agani sulagAye phUMka usAMsa prema parajArani, darasana Asa phirAye bhare saMpUrana sakala premajala, chuana na kAhU pAye rAjakAja teM gae sUra prabhu, naMdanaMdana kara laaye...|" viraha-vedanA se vyAkula gopiyoM ko zrIkRSNa ke sandezavAhaka uddhavajI kA braja meM Agamana isa dRSTi se to zubha hI lagA ki kacce ghar3oM ke rUpavAlI gopiyA~ virahAgni meM paka kara pakke ghar3oM ke rUpa meM parivartita ho giiN| uddhavajI ke Ate hI sArA braja avA~ bana gayA, yogasAdhanA kA sandeza IMdhana bana gayA, smRtiyoM ne uddIpta hokara agni kA kAma kiyA, zvAsoM phU~kana kA kArya kiyaa| isa prakAra jo agni prajvalita huI usase zrIkRSNa ke punaH darzana kI AzA hI miTa gii| kore ghar3e yA pakva kalaza bana kara, gopiyA~ zrIkRSNa ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya nIrabhare maMgala kalaza banakara utsava kI zobhA bar3hAveM, basa yahI eka mAtra bhAvanA gopiyoM meM raha gaI hai| yaha na koI sandeza hai aura na hI koI upadeza, yaha to gopiyoM ke hRdaya kA ArtanAda hai, Atma nivedana hai| isa pada meM ghaTa kI agni parIkSA evaM usakI rAjyAbhiSeka meM maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM baiThane kI antima abhilASA kI mArmika abhivyakti kavi sUradAsa ne kI hai| sAhitya meM aise prayoga, pada tathA dohe virala haiM / inako laghu prayAsa kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne mATI ko apane mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu banAkara yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki mATI meM bahuta bar3I zakti
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 209 nihita hai / jisa prakAra eka tuccha bIja miTTI, jala tathA vAyu kA sahayoga pAkara vizAla vaTavRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai usI prakAra padadalita mUkamATI ne 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai / mATI ko eka bRhadAkAra Ayojana kA rUpa denA kavizrI kI kavitvazakti kA saphala aura sArthaka nidarzana hai / vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI mUka sAdhanA aura mUka ArAdhanA kI hindI sAhitya ko cirasmaraNIya dena hai / nizcaya hI 'mUkamATI' tapaH pUta AtmA kA sAhitya ko prasAda hai / 'mUkamATI' kAvya ko kavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai / khaNDoM ke nAma bhI kisI prAcIna paripATI-sarga yojanA - para AdhRta na ho kara kavi kI apanI sUjhabUjha evaM dUradRSTi ke paricAyaka haiN| kevala viSayavastu ko AdhAra banAkara unakA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai| pahalA khaNDa hai- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha', jo 88 pRSThoM meM hai / dUsarA khaNDa hai- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, jo 100 pRSThoM kA hai| tIsarA khaNDa hai- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApaprakSAlana', jo 80 pRSThoM kA hai aura antima cauthA khaNDa hai- 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha', jo 220 pRSThoM kA hai aura parimANa kI dRSTi se sabase bar3A hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI jahA~ saMskRta, kannar3a, marAThI aura hindI ke jJAtA haiM vahA~ ve a~grejI bhASA se bhI suparicita haiM / kannar3a unakI mAtRbhASA hai| prakhara pratibhA ke dhanI vidyAsAgarajI kA vyaktitva bahu AyAmI hai| eka ora ve vaiyaktika sAdhanA-ArAdhanA meM nirata rahane vAle nagna muni haiM to dUsarI ora santoM kI-sI vANI meM pravacana dene meM bhI haiN| eka ora ve alaukika kAvyakuzalatA se maNDita haiM to dUsarI ora ve bahujJatA kI dRSTi se paNDita haiN| eka ora munivara, AryikA, ailaka evaM kSullakajI Adi ko dIkSA dene vAle munizreSTha dIkSAguru haiM to dUsarI ora munisaMgha ke niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana karAne vAle AcArya haiN| aise santa kavi virale hI hote haiM jina meM eka sAtha aura eka hI sthAna para isa prakAra kI vividha vidhAe~ vidyamAna rahatI haiN| isa artha meM una para 'yathA nAma tathA guNa' kI ukti caritArtha hotI hai / kalpavRkSa saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke prAcIna AcAryoM ne mahAn kavi meM tIna bAtoM kA honA anivArya mAnA hai- pratibhA, loka-zAstra jJAna yA anubhava, aura abhyAsa / ina meM pratibhA to prathama AvazyakatA hai / yaha kAvya pratibhA hI kAvya ke kI jananI hai / usI se isa kalpavRkSa para navanavonmeSazAlinI vallariyA~ lagatI haiM aura samasta kalpavRkSa yugoMkavi kIrti ko cirasthAyI banAe rakhatA hai, jisase kavikRti bhI kamanIya, ramaNIya aura kAlAtikramaNIya bana jAtI hai| laukika jJAna kI bhI mahatI AvazyakatA hai jisake binA sampUrNa kavi-karma sadoSa aura kaluSita ho jAtA hai / laukika jJAnavihIna kavi apane vAstavika karma se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai aura usakA kAvya avizvasanIyatA kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai / kavi kyoMki apanI kAvya pratibhA dvArA eka nae saMsAra kA nirmANa karatA hai isalie usameM usakA bAhyajJAna yA lokajJAna naipuNya bahuta sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki usakA kAvya saMsArIjanoM kA kamanIya kaNThahAra banatA hai / abhyAsa kI bhI AvazyakatA isalie hai ki kavi isake dvArA apane kAvya meM kAvyakalA ke sabhI guNa samAhita karatA hai| bAra-bAra abhyAsa karane se usakA kAvya sarvaguNa sampanna banatA hai aura zabdoM ko mauktika lAbha milatA hai / abhyAsa ke viSaya meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki isase mandabuddhi yA jar3amati bhI usI prakAra jJAnavAn banatA hai jisa prakAra bAra- bAra rassI ke Ane-jAne yA sparza se kaThora prastara zilA para bhI nizAna bana jAte haiM : " karata-karata abhyAsa ke, jar3amati hota sujAna / rasarI Avata jAta se, sila para par3ata nizAna // " vastuta: AcArya zrI aise kavi haiM jo kaviyoM kI hara kasauTI yA paribhASA para khare utarate haiM / aise hI manISI
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________________ 210 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kaviyoM ke lie kahA gayA hai : "kavirmanISI paribhUH svayambhUH / " ( IzAvAsyopaniSat / 8) bIsavIM aura ikkIsavIM zatI ke milana bindu para khar3e santa kavi vidyAsAgarajI Atma-paramAtmatattva taka hI sImita nahIM haiM, ve vartamAna sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanItika, vaijJAnika aura prAkRtika paristhitiyoM se pUrNarUpeNa paricita haiN| bAhya saMsAra se A~kheM mU~da kara koI bhI kavi saphala nahIM ho sktaa| use apane pariveza kA citraNa to avazya karanA par3atA hai / apane vartamAna samaya, pariveza, paristhitiyoM se bacakara, alaga rahakara, unheM bhulAkara, koI bhI kavi apanA kAvyasRjana nahIM kara sakatA / vAyavIya vAtAvaraNa meM vicaraNa karake kavi apanI kalA meM sajIvatA nahIM lA sakatA / kavi samAja kA hI viziSTa aMga hai, isalie vaha samAja se vimukha nahIM ho sakatA / apane yuga yA samaya kA citraNa karake hI vaha yugadraSTA kalAkAra kahalA sakatA hai| AcAryazrI yadyapi dinacaryA meM AtmakalyANa kI sAdhanA aura svAntaHsukhAya kI bhAvanA ko pramukhatA dete haiM, kintu kAvyasRjana meM ve samAja-deza-videza kI ora bhI unmukha ho jAte haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM unhoMne jisa yugabodha kA citraNa kiyA hai, usase yaha vidita ho jAtA hai ki unakI antarmukhI pravRtti kA hI kAvya meM bahirmukhIkaraNa ho gayA hai| aba yahA~ una paristhitiyoM, samasyAoM aura viSayoM kA vivecana Avazyaka hai jo Adhunika haiM, sAmayika haiM, jinakA hamAre vartamAna jIvana se sIdhA sambandha hai / hama jina ke bhuktabhogI haiM, jo hamAre cAroM ora haiM aura jinase hameM harSa - viSAda donoM kI prApti hotI hai - aise viSayoM para vyakta kie vicAra kavi ke apane haiM, nitAnta spaSTa evaM sarvagrAhya haiM / lokatantra aura samAjavAda meM AsthA kI abhivyakti kI zAsana praNAliyoM meM jo praNAlI sarvAdhika saphala aura sarvahitakArI mAnI jA rahI hai vaha hai lokatAntrika praNAlI / paratantratA samApti ke bAda bhArata meM yahI praNAlI apanAI gaI hai| vizva meM sabase bar3A lokatAntrika deza hamArA bhArata varSa hI hai / kucha loga ise bhIr3atantra kahakara isakA upahAsa karate haiM phira bhI svatantra vicAroM kI paddhati hone ke kAraNa ise hI prAsaMgika mAnA jA rahA hai / sAmyavAdI vicAradhArA Aja samApta hotI jA rahI hai / soviyata saMgha kA vighaTana isakA sabase bar3A pramANa hai| vahA~ kI janatA purAne DhA~ce ko tor3a kara, purAnI rUr3hiyoM ko tor3a kara Aja svatantra vAtAvaraNa meM sA~sa le rahI hai / vizva ke kaI anya kamyunisTa deza lokatantra kI avadhAraNA se prabhAvita ho rahe haiM / svatantratA kI cAha ke kAraNa cIna jaise vizAla deza meM jAgaraNa kA zaMkhanAda ho cukA hai| usa samaya vahA~ cAhe vidyArthiyoM kI bhAvanAoM kA damana kara diyA gayA ho parantu bhaviSya meM vahI Aga phira bhar3aka sakatI hai| lokatantra kI rAha para calane kI durdamanIya bhAvanA una meM jAga cukI hai| 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina do bIjAkSaroM ke dvArA kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne bhAratIya sabhyatA aura pAzcAtya sabhyatA, lokatantra aura rAjatantra, sadAcAra aura anAcAra, ekAntavAda aura anekAntavAda, rAma aura rAvaNa kA citraNa kiyA hai aura bahuta saMkSepa meM lokatantra kI vyAkhyA dvArA yaha abhimata bhI prakaTa kara diyA hai ki isa praNAlI se vyaktiyoM kI bhAvanA kA pariSkAra hotA hai aura adhikAdhika vyaktiyoM kI hita sAdhanA kA lakSya svIkAra hotA hai| isameM 'maiM' kI bhAvanA kA nAza hotA hai aura samUha kI bhAvanA kA udaya hotA hai / kavi kA kathana draSTavya hai : 'bhI' ke Asa-pAsa/bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya, / kintu bhIr3a nahIM, 'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai / / loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a taba taka surakSita rahegA / jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rahegA /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 211 'bhI' se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai/svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM, sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja/'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|" (pR. 173) bIjAkSaroM meM kitanI zakti nihita hotI hai, kitanA sAra nihita hotA hai, yahI dikhalAnA kavi ko abhISTa hai / nae-nae sandarbho se akSaroM ko jor3ane kI kalA meM kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI bahuta hI pravINa haiN| prAcIna sUtroM kI naI-naI vyAkhyAoM ko prastuta karane meM unhoMne jisa jJAnanidhi kA paricaya diyA hai usase unakI jJAnagarimA prakaTa hotI hai| zabdoM meM gahare paiTha kara aura unake marma ko samajha kara unhoMne jo unakA dUragAmI artha nikAlA hai, jo unheM eka naI arthavattA pradAna kI hai, vaha unakI guru gambhIratA ko spaSTa karatI hai / yaha kevala vANI kA vilAsa mAtra nahIM hai, kavi kI apanI vidyApAraMgatatA kI vizeSatA hai| seTha ke parivAra kA saMkoca dUra karane ke lie kumbha ke mukha se nissRta nimnapaMktiyA~ yahI to batAnA cAhatI haiM ki svatantratA kI kAmanA kise nahIM hotii| bandhana cAhe sone kA hI kyoM na ho, hai to vaha bandhana hii| piMjare meM rahane vAlA zuka bhI kyA mukti kI kAmanA nahIM karatA ? jo svatantratA kA artha svacchandatA mAnate haiM, kavi unase sahamata nahIM hai| tabhI vaha kahatA hai : "yahA~/bandhana rucatA kise?/mujhe bhI priya hai svatantratA tabhI "to"/kisI ke bhI bandhana meM/baMdhanA nahIM cAhatA maiM, na hI kisI ko/bA~dhanA cAhatA hU~ //jAnate hama, bA~dhanA bhI to bandhana hai !/tathApi/svacchandatA se svayaM bacanA cAhatA hU~/bacatA hU~ yathA-zakya/aura/bacanA cAhe ho, na ho bacAnA cAhatA hU~ auroM ko/bacAtA hU~ yathA-zakya / " (pR. 442-443) svatantratA aura svacchandatA do alaga alaga zabda haiN| kavi ne svacchandatA kI vakAlata na kara svatantratA ke pakSa meM apanA mata prakaTa kiyA hai, jo ucita hI hai / vaha nahIM cAhatA ki svatantratA kA durupayoga ho| isI prakAra samAjavAda ke viSaya meM kavi kI nirdhAnta dhAraNA hai ki samAjavAda kevala nArA lagAne se nahIM aataa| jaba taka samAnatA kI sthApanA nahIM hotI, vargabheda samApta nahIM hotA, bhrAtRtva-bhAvanA utpanna nahIM hotI, vaiyaktika svArthoM ko tilAMjali nahIM dI jAtI taba taka samAjavAda kI AdhArazilA nahIM rakhI jA sktii| kavi ne khokhale samAjavAda kI khillI ur3AI hai| maiM sabase pahale aura 'samAja' bAda meN| jaba taka yaha artha samAjavAda kA lagAyA jAtA rahegA taba taka samAjavAda bahuta dUra rhegaa| kavi kA vyaMgya kitanA saTIka hai, dekhie : "phira bhalA batA do hameM,/AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ? sabase Age maiM/samAja bAda meM!" (pR. 461) samAjavAda ke sahI artha kI ora iMgita karate hue kavi yaha sthApita karanA cAhatA hai ki sAmUhika bhAvanA se bharA hone ke kAraNa hI vaha samAjavAda kahalA sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM : "are kama-se-kama/zabdArtha kI ora to dekho !/samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha aura/samUha yAnI/sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai| kula milA kara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra
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________________ 212 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda-samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM banoge !" (pR. 461) bhautikavAdI dRSTi para madAndhatA kA Aropa Aja ke bhautikatAvAdI yuga meM mAyA ke prati moha itanA bar3ha gayA hai ki eka manuSya dUsare manuSya ke rudhira kA pyAsA bana gayA hai| 'hAya mAyA-hAya mAyA' kI pukAra sarvatra sunAI de rahI hai / hara kSetra meM, hara kArya meM artha kI lAlasA balavatI hotI jA rahI hai| cAroM puruSArthoM-dharma-artha-kAma-mokSa meM se eka hI artha kA puruSArtha raha gayA hai / paise kI pyAsa itanI bar3hatI jA rahI hai ki manuSya sAma, daNDa aura bheda ke dvArA dAma kamAnA cAhatA hai / lokalAja ko tilAMjali de dI hai, paramArtha kA mArga tyAga diyA hai / dhanopArjana evaM dhana saMvardhana meM lokAcAra, sadAcAra, naitikatA, sadAzayatAina saba ko kosoM pIche chor3e jAne kA upakrama kiyA jA rahA hai| kavi kA hRdaya una saba bAtoM se kSubdha hai, tabhI to vaha kahatA hai : 0 "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) / "kyA sadaya-hRdaya bhI Aja/pralaya kA pyAsA bana gayA ? kyA tana-saMrakSaNa hetu/dharma hI becA jA rahA hai ? kyA dhana-saMvardhana hetu/zarma hI becI jA rahI hai ?" (pR. 201) kalAoM ke viSaya meM kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA kathana kitanA satya hai ki kalA sukha aura zAnti ko lAne vAlI hai, sundaratA kI anubhUti karAne vAlI hai, Ananda pradAna karane vAlI hai| kintu kheda hai ki aisI kalA meM bhI Aja artha kA darzana kiyA jA rahA hai, use bhI AjIvikA kA sAdhana banAyA jA rahA hai, use svArthinI banAyA jA rahA hai, usakA vikraya kiyA jA rahA hai / kavi kA kathana yahA~ draSTavya hai : "sakala-kalAoM kA prayojana banA hai/kevala/artha kA Akalana-saMkalana / AjIvikA se, chI'chI"/jIbhikA-sI gandha A rahI hai, nAsA abhyasta ho cukI hai/aura/isa viSaya meM, kheda haiA~kheM kucha kahatI nhiiN|/kis zabda kA kyA artha hai, yaha koI artha nahIM rakhatA aba!/kalA zabda svayaM kaha rahA ki 'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha hai/'lA' yAnI lAnA-detA hai koI bhI kalA ho/kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti-sampannatA AtI hai|" (pR. 396) isako par3ha kara kavivara maithilIzaraNa gupta kI ve paMktiyA~ barabasa smaraNa ho AtI haiM jinameM unhoMne kalA ko artha kA paryAya mAnane vAloM kI AlocanA kI hai : "mAnate haiM jo kalA ke artha hI/svArthinI karate kalA ko vyartha ho|" svarNa (dhana) ko savarNa mAnakara kavi ne use divAndha batAyA hai, bandhana se sAkSAtkAra karAne vAlA batAyA hai aura jIvana
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 213 ko paratantra banAne vAlA batAyA hai : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra-zilA ho tuma,/pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma/aura/azAnti ke antahIna silasilA!" (pR. 366) dhanikoM vizeSakara kRpaNa dhanikoM kI kRpaNatA para kavi ne karArA vyaMgya kiyA hai| pahale to ve kisI ko dete hI nahIM haiM aura yadi dete bhI haiM to unakA denA na dene ke barAbara hotA hai / kAkatAlIya nyAya se kavi ne ise siddha kiyA hai| jisa prakAra osa kaNoM se, lavaNa kaNoM se pyAsa nahIM bujhatI usI prakAra dhanikoM se prApta dhana se pyAsa nahIM bujhatI, dviguNita ho jAtI hai| kRpaNa dhanikoM kI kRpA nirdhanoM para nahIM hotI, kRpaNatA para hotI hai / isI bAta ko lekara kavi kA kathana darzanIya hai : "are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai,/unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM,/kAkatAlIya-nyAya se kucha mila bhI jAya/vaha milana lavaNa-mizrita hotA hai pala meM pyAsa dugunI ho uThatI hai|" (pR. 385) Aja pANigrahaNa ko prANa-grahaNa kA paryAya batAte hue kavi ne matkuNa (khaTamala) ke mAdhyama se lobhI AdamiyoM kI prakRti-pravRtti kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha to atyanta hI mArmika hai / lobhI AdamI sevakoM se sevA to bahuta lete haiM parantu sevA ke badale meM vetana bhI nahIM dete aura dete bhI haiM to bar3I durbhAvanA ke sAtha, manomAlinya ke sAtha / manu kI santAna manuSya kA aisA vyavahAra ! aise manuSya mAnavatA para kalaMka haiM jo mAnava ko mAnava na mAnakara pazu mAnate haiM aura una se bojhA uThavAte haiN| rudhira pIne vAle matkuNa dvArA rudhira pIne vAle lobhI ko diyA gayA yaha upadeza-kathana kitanA sArthaka hai, dekhie : "lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI/prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN| prAyaH anucita rUpa se/sevakoM se sevA lete/aura vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hii|/ye apane ko batAte manu kI santAna !/mahAmanA mAnava !/dene kA nAma sunate hI inake udAra hAthoM meM/pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM, phira bhI, ekAdha bUMda ke rUpa meM jo kucha diyA jAtA yA denA par3atA/vaha durbhAvanA ke sAtha hii|/jise pAne vAle pacA na pAte sahI anyathA/hamArA rudhira lAla hokara bhI/itanA durgandha kyoM ?" (pR.386-387) zrama va karma ko sarvocca prAthamikatA karmaNya puruSa kI vandanA sadaiva se hotI AI hai aura akarmaNyoM kA apamAna aura nirAdara hotA AyA hai| akarmaNyoM ko AlasI kahA jAtA hai aura ve karmabhUmi para bhAra kahalAte haiN| karmazIla manuSyoM ke lie to yaha vasundharA vasumatI bana jAtI hai| vasundharA kA bhoga bhI vahI kara pAte haiM, jo karmazIla hote haiN| zrama ko zakti kahA jAtA hai aura jo zramazIla haiM ve hI dharA para svarga utAra kara lA sakate haiN| zrImad bhagavad gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne bahuta pahale karma para bala
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________________ 214 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA diyA thA aura bhAratavAsiyoM ko karmazIla banane ke lie AhvAna kiyA thaa| kintu bhAratavAsI karma ke sthAna para phala ko mahattva dene lage aura karma-sandeza ko bhUla gae, jo cintA kA viSaya hai / unhoMne to kahA thA : "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalahetu bhU rmA saMgastukarmiNi // " kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne karmahIna manuSya kI bhartsanA kI hai aura kahA hai ki karmahIna ke lAla kapola kA sparza zRgAla bhI nahIM karanA cAhegA : "zrama kare so zramaNa !/aise karma-hIna kaMgAla ke/lAla-lAla gAla ko pAgala se pAgala zRgAla bhI/khAne kI bAta to dUra rahI, chUnA bhI nahIM caahegaa|" (pR. 362) isa ghora kalikAla meM Aja adhikAMza manuSya karma se parAGmukha hokara jaghanya kAryoM meM vyasta ho gae haiN| hatyA, apaharaNa, DakaitI, phirautI, lUTapATa, dhokhAdhar3I, rizvata, kamIzana Adi meM pha~sa kara Aja ve apane vAstavika karma ko chor3a baiThe haiN| unhoMne zrama kI mahattA ko bhulA diyA hai aura zramazIloM tathA ImAnadAroM kA upahAsa ur3AnA prArambha kara diyA hai| lakhapati aura karor3apati banane kI balavatI spRhA ne unheM aparAdhoM meM lipta kara diyA hai| naitikatA nAma kI kisI vastu kA mUlya raha nahIM gayA hai / Aja vahI bar3A hai jo beImAnI, taskarI ke dhandhoM meM dhana kamA rahA hai aura AlIzAna baMgaloM meM raha rahA hai| kavizrI kI mAnyatA hai ki Aja rAma jaise zramazIloM kI ati AvazyakatA hai jo apaharaNa, anyAya aura atyAcAra karane-karAne vAloM ke adhipati laMkApati rAvaNa jaisoM kA vadha kareM aura trAhi-trAhi karatI huI janatA kI rakSA kareM: "bhavabhIta hue binA/zramaNa kA bheSa dhAraNa kara,/abhaya kA hAtha uThA kara, zaraNAgata ko AzISa dene kI apekSA,/anyAya mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle rAvaNa jaise zatruoM para/raNAMgaNa meM kUdakara/rAma jaise zrama-zIloM kA hAtha uThAnA hI/kaliyuga meM sat-yuga lA sakatA hai, dharatI para "yahIM para/svarga ko utAra sakatA hai|" (pR. 361-362) AtaMkavAdI vicAradhArA kA ghora virodha "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH yato dharmaH tato jayaH' meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle, ahiMsAmayI dharma kI dhvajA ko digdiganta meM phaharAne vAle kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI dRSTi se vaha bhayaMkara AtaMkavAda bhI nahIM baca pAyA hai jisane Aja bhArata varSa ke jana-jana ko AtaMkita kiyA huA hai| usane asaMkhya mAtAoM se unake lAr3ale putra, lalanAoM se unake suhAga hI nahIM chIne haiM, nirdoSa logoM ke prANa bhI lie haiN| paMjAba to pichale dUsare dazaka meM isa AtaMkavAda kI bhISaNa capeTa meM thaa| vahA~ para pratidina kI jana hatyAoM ne manuSya ke mAnasa ko udvelita kara rakhA thaa| hiMsA kA tANDava nRtya nitya prati hotA rahatA thA aura bhaviSya meM bhI isake samApta hone ke lakSaNa nahIM dikhAI de rahe the| deza ke anya prAntoM meM bhI yaha phailatA jA rahA hai| asama aura jammU kazmIra meM AtaMkavAdI gatividhiyA~ bar3ha rahI haiM, jinase sarvatra samAja meM asurakSA kI bhAvanA phaila rahI hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 215 deza kA hara nAgarika vyAkula aura cintita hai / isa AtaMkavAdI pravRtti ko par3osI deza tathA anya deza protsAhana evaM sahAyatA de rahe haiN| jo deza bhArata kI uttarottara unnati, jJAna-vijJAna evaM kRSi ke kSetroM meM huI pragati, prAcIna gaurava gAthA evaM sAMskRtika vaibhava se IrSyA karate haiM aura bhArata kI ekatA tathA akhaNDatA ko khaNDita hote dekhanA cAhate haiM, ve hI AtaMkavAda ko bar3hAvA de rahe haiN| kavi zrI vidyAsAgara kI mAnyatA hai ki AtaMkavAda kA avatAra tabhI hotA hai jaba kisI ke bar3hate sammAna ko dekhakara anya ko AghAta lagatA hai / AghAta phira pratizodha ko janma detA hai jo dUsare kA ahita hI nahIM karatA, apanA bhI karatA hai : "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai| ati-poSaNa yA ati-zoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai,/taba/jIvana kA lakSya banatA hai, zodha nahIM, badale kA bhAva "pratizodha !/jo ki/mahA ajJAnatA hai, dUradarzitA kA abhAva para ke lie nahIM,/apane lie bhI ghAtaka !" (pR. 418) 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM isa IrSyA bhAva kA udaya kavi ne taba dikhalAyA hai jaba agni-parIkSA ke pazcAt mATI kumbha pakva kumbha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara, kisI seTha ke karakamaloM meM pahu~ca kara pUjA kA pAtra (kalaza) bananA cAhatA hai| svarNa kalaza ke sammAna ko Thesa lagatI hai ki mATI ke kumbha ko merI apekSA mahattva adhika diyA jA rahA hai| svarNa kalaza ko kavi ne vikasita yA vaibhava sampanna deza, yathA- amerikA Adi, kA pratIka mAnA hai aura mATI kumbha ko vikAsazIla yA nirdhana deza, yathA- bhArata Adi kA pratIka mAnA hai / basa yahIM se svarNa kalaza kI IrSyA ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara ugravAda yA AtaMkavAda ke dala ko AhUta karatI hai| AtaMkavAdI dala kisa prakAra bhayaMkara rUpa dhAraNa kara tathA taraha - taraha ke Agneya astra lekara AtA hai, isakA varNana kavi kI lekhanI bimbAtmaka zailI meM prastuta karatI hai : 0 "jinake hAthoM meM hathiyAra haiM,/bAra-bAra AkAza meM vAra kara rahe haiM, jisase jvAlA vaha/bijalI kI kauMdha-sI uThatI, aura A~kheM muda jAtIM sAdhAraNa janatA kI idhara / " (pR.426) "jinake lalATa-tala para/kuMkuma kA trikoNI tilaka lagA hai, lagatA hai mahAdeva kA tIsarA netra hI/khula-kara dekha rahA hai| rAhu kI rAha para calanevAlA hai dala/AmUla-cUla kAlI kAyA le / krUra-kAla ko bhI ka~paka~pI chUTatI hai/jinheM eka jhalaka lakhane mAtra se !" (pR. 428) seTha aura seTha ke parivAra para AtaMkavAdI dala lagAtAra vAra-prahAra karatA hai to phira seTha vegavatI nadI kI jaladhArA meM kaTi se kumbha ko bA~dhakara kUda par3atA hai| kevala usakA mukha-mastaka hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| AtaMkavAda phira bhI zAnta nahIM hotA aura pattharoM kI varSA karatA hai, jisase AtaMkita hokara seTha AtaMka ke samakSa AtmasamarpaNa karanA cAhatA hai parantu nadI use aisA karane se manA karatI hai / nadI ke udgAra darzanIya haiM : "satya kA Atma-samarpaNa/aura vaha bhI/asatya ke sAmane ? he bhagavan !/yaha kaisA kAla A gayA,/kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ?
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________________ 216 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kyA satya zAsita hogA ?/hAya re jauharI ke hATa meM Aja hIraka-hAra kI hAra!/hAya re, kA~ca kI cakAcauMdha meM/marI jA rahIhIre kI jhagajhagAhaTa !/aba/satI anucarI ho calegI vyabhicAriNI ke piiche-piiche|" (pR. 469-470) kumbha kI agni parIkSA yA tapasyA se prabhAvita hokara jala devatA ne vikriyA Rddhi se parivAra ke cAroM ora rakSAmaNDala (bhAmaNDala) kI sRSTi kara DAlI / isa para bhI AtaMkavAdI dala na mAnA aura usane parivAra ko samUla naSTa karane hetu eka pAza pheNkaa| kintu usa pAza ko pralaya rUpadhArI pavana ne ur3A diyaa| isa para bhI usane apanI hAra nahIM mAnI / upasarga, AtaMka ke bAda bhI vaha dhamakiyoM aura hu~kAroM se vAtAvaraNa ko guMjAyamAna karatA rahA / yadi prAkRtika upAdAna seTha ke manobala ko na bar3hAte to kumbha ke sAtha hI seTha ko AtaMka dala samApta kara detaa| kavi kI mAnyatA hai ki jaba taka AtaMkavAda jIvita hai, zAnti kI sA~sa lenA kaThina hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatI,/ye kAna aba AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate,/yaha jIvana bhI kRta-saMkalpita hai ki usakA rahe yA isakA/yahA~ astitva eka kA rhegaa|" (pR. 441) antarikSa yuddha (sTAra vAra) kI parikalpanA kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI kevala AdhyAtmika jagat taka hI sImita nahIM haiM, atyAdhunika vijJAna jagat se bhI unakA paricaya hai / Aja ke ANavika yuga meM yuddha kI kalpanA hI hamAre mAnasa ko jhakajhora detI hai / aba taka jo vizvayuddha hue haiM, unase kitanA vinAza huA hai, use sabhI jAnate haiN| ye yuddha pRthvI ke yuddha the kintu aba to antarikSa yuddha kI bAteM jaba bhI yadA-kadA hotI haiM to unase sampUrNa mAnavatA ke vinAza kA citra hamArI A~khoM ke sAmane A jAtA hai| vizva kI do mahAzaktiyA~ amerikA aura soviyata saMgha na jAne kitane prakSepAstra antarikSa meM chor3a cuke haiN| paraspara kI hor3a ke kAraNa donoM ne araboM-kharaboM rupae inake nirmANa para vyartha hI vyaya kara die haiN| soviyata saMgha to aba vighaTita ho cukA hai isalie antarikSa yuddha kI bhAvanA se vizva eka bAra ubara cukA hai| amerikA to 'sTAra vAra' ke svapna dekha hI rahA thA / kavizrI ne upala varSA kA jo bimbAtmaka varNana kiyA hai, use dekhie : " laghu-guru aNu-mahA/trikoNa-catuSkoNa vAle/tathA pA~ca pahalU vAle bhinna-bhinna AkAra vAle/bhinna-bhinna bhAra vAle gola-gola suDaula ole/kyA kahe, kyA bole, jahA~ dekho vahA~ ole/saura-maNDala bhara gayA !" (pR. 248) jaba Upara se olAvRSTi huI to nIce ke bhUkaNoM ne socA ki ye to hameM naSTa kara deMge, isalie pratikAra svarUpa bhUkaNoM ne oloM ko apanI pUrI zakti se Takkara dekara uchAlanA Arambha kara diyA, jisa prakAra prakSepAstra (rAkeTa) upagrahoM ko antarikSa meM uchAla detA hai| prakSepAstroM aura upagrahoM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI hue binA aisI abhivyakti kahA~ sambhava thI : "pratikAra ke rUpa meM/apane bala kA paricaya dete mastaka ke bala bhU-kaNoM ne bhI/oloM ko Takkara dekara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 217 uchAla diyA zUnya meM/bahuta dUra"dharatI ke kakSa ke bAhara, 'Arya bhaTTa, rohiNI' Adika/upagrahoM ko uchAla detA hai yathA prakSepAstra / " (pR. 250) oloM aura bhUkaNoM ke paraspara kAlpanika TakarAva se utpanna dRzya kavi kI dRSTi meM sTAra-vAra ke dRzya se kama mahattvapUrNa evaM prabhAvapUrNa nhiiN| isIlie to vaha usakA samApana ina zabdoM meM karatA hai : "yaha ghaTanA-krama/ghaNToM taka calatA rahA "lagAtAra, isake sAmane 'sTAra-vAra'/jo ina dinoM carcA kA viSaya banA hai vizeSa mahattva nahIM rkhtaa|" (pR. 251) niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yugIna paristhitiyoM ke vizada citraNa meM kavi zrI vidyAsAgarajI ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai / yadyapi varNana kahIM-kahIM bahuta lambe ho gae haiM, phira bhI kahIM nIrasatA nhiiN| nirjIva pAtroM ke mukhoM se jo bhI bAteM kahalavAIM gaIM haiM, ve cittAkarSaka haiN| prakRti ke ramaNIya dRzya pAThakoM ko ramAne kI pUrI kSamatA rakhate haiM, kyoMki kavizrI kA varNana karane kA DhaMga apane Apa meM advitIya hai| pRSTha236.230 lo, vicAroM meM samAnatA-... ---AkulatA kara munI badI hai| CA
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________________ udAtta bhAva-muktAoM kA sAgara hai 'mUkamATI' kAvya DaoN. yogendra nAtha zarmA 'aruNa' jaina santoM kI gauravazAlI paramparA ke yuga santa evaM vicAraka AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI vilakSaNa kAvya kRti 'mUkamATI' kAvyatva, darzana tathA nItizAstra kI advitIya evaM mahimAmayI triveNI hai, jise par3hakara jIvana kI aneka ulajhanoM ko sulajhAne kA sahaja-sarala mArga pAThaka ko mila jAtA hai / gahana cintana aura manana se prApta anubhavoM ko atyanta bodhagamya zailI meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ne bhAvAnukUla bhASA ke mAdhyama se sajIva kara diyA hai / 'mUkamATI' kevala kAvya grantha nahIM hai, pratyuta isameM AcAryapravara kI loka-kalyANakAriNI sAdhanA kA sAra hI akSaroM meM Dhala-Dhala kara 'akSara-amRta' bana gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM to 'mUkamATI' kAvya vastutaH udAtta evaM uddAma jJAna sindhu meM athAha bhAva-muktAoM kA aisA bhaNDAra hai, jisakI eka-eka 'muktA' jIvana kI mukti kA sAdhana bana pAne meM pUrNata: sakSama aura saphala hai| rUpaka tattva meM gu~thA jIvanAnubhava : sAhityazAstrIya dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kAvya meM rUpaka tattva ke mAdhyama se kavi ne jIvana-darzana ko mukhara kiyA hai| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kAvyakRti 'mUkamATI' kA pratyeka khaNDa sAMketika pratIkArtha se yukta hai / 'mATI' ko jaba kuzala kumbhakAra 'jala' ke saMyoga se gUMdha kara kumbha banAtA hai, to vaha 'jalagrahaNa' ke yogya nahIM ho pAtA / cU~ki 'agni'' meM tapa kara usakA saMskAra ho cukane para hI 'kumbha' auroM ko zItala jala de pAne aura phira 'bhavasAgara' pAra karA sakane meM saphala ho pAtA hai| 'kumbha' hai kyA ? mUlataH 'mATI' hI to hai, jo 'mUka' hai, lekina jIvana kA mUlAdhAra banakara mAnava kI dhAtrI banatI hai / isa sajIva evaM sArthaka 'rUpaka' meM sAdhanAvratI AcAryapravara zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne zabdoM meM cira nivAsa karane vAle 'brahma' kI sAdhanA karake kAvya kI aisI divya gaMgA bahAI hai, jo tana-mana aura prANa ko pavitra karane ke sAtha hI 'jIvana kI sArthakatA' ko bhI rUpAyita karatI hai| 'mUkamATI' kahatI hai : "zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo, / hA~, hA~ !! / vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI avazya milegI /magara/ mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para !" (pR. 488 ) 'mUkamATI' hamase AsthA aura vizvAsa hI mA~gatI hai, aura kucha nahIM / santa - kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI 'zabda-brahma-sAdhanA' se udbhUta kAvya 'mUkamATI' meM mUla kathA phalaka yoM to bahuta choTA-sA hai, kintu yatra-tatra aneka mArmika kathAoM, upakathAoM meM 'saMvAda kauzala' se nATakIya tattva kI sRSTi karake kavi ne preraka prasaMgoM kI anUThI avadhAraNA kI hai| 'mATI aura saritA' kA prasaMga jIvana ke aneka abUjha praznoM ke samAdhAna detA hai : . jIvana kA / AsthA se vAstA hone para / rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko / sAthI bana sAtha detA hai / / AsthA ke tAroM para ho sAdhanA kI aMguliyA~ / calatI haiM sAdhaka kI, / sArthaka jIvana meM taba svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !" (pR. 9) AcAryazrI nizcaya hI 'AsthA' ko 'sAdhanA' kA mUla tattva mAna kara kumbha kI AsthA ko vANI dete haiM
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM / yatra-tatra kavi sUtra zailI meM jIvana kA tattva de jAtA hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 219 "kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya / anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai|" (pR. 13) zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane meM yazasvI kavi vizeSa ruci lete hue lagate haiM, jisase ve apane cintana ko abhivyakta kara sakeM / 'kumbhakAra' zabda kA vizleSaNa darzanIya hai : " kumbhakAra ! / 'kuM' yAnI dharatI / aura / 'bha' yAnI bhAgya - / yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho / kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28) dayA kA svarUpa : jaina - santa kI sAdhanA kA mUla hotI hai - 'ahiMsA', aura ahiMsA ke mUla meM rahatI hai 'dayA' / kavizreSTha AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zabdoM meM 'dayA' kA rUpa dekhie : " vAsanA kA vilAsa / moha hai, / dayA kA vikAsa / mokSa haieka jIvana ko burI taraha / jalAtI hai / bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha / jilAtI hai / zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai|" (pR. 38) 'jalAtI hai- jilAtI hai, 'bhayaMkara - zubhaMkara' nizcaya hI yahA~ 'vilAsa - vikAsa', 'moha-mokSa', 'burI taraha pUrI taraha', tathA 'aMgAra hai-zRMgAra hai' jaise zabda-yugmoM kA prayoga karake kavi ne 'vAsanA' aura 'dayA' kA jo saTIka vizleSaNa sUkSmatama DhaMga se kiyA hai, vaha bejor3a hai, anupama hai| zubhatva kA svarUpa : 'mATI aura kaMkaroM' ke mArmika prasaMga ke mAdhyama se kavi samAja kI dRSTi se 'zubhatva' kA svarUpa spaSTa karate haiM / kavi kahatA hai : 1 ! " are kaMkaro ! / mATI se milana to huA / para / mATI meM mile nahIM tuma chuvana to huA / para / mATI meM ghule nahIM tuma ! / itanA hI nahIM, calatI cakkI meM DAlakara / tumheM pIsane para bhI / apane guNa-dharma / bhUlate nahIM tuma ! bhale hI / cUraNa banate, retila; / mATI nahIM banate tuma !" (pR. 49 ) aura jaba ye kaMkara apanI vedanA 'mATI' se kahate haiM to udAra mATI unheM jIvana meM 'zubhatva' kA marma batAtI hai : " mahAsattA - mA~ kI gaveSaNA / samIcInA eSaNA aura / saMkIrNa - sattA kI virecanA / avazya karanI hai tumheM ! artha yaha huA - / laghutA kA tyajana hI gurutA kA yajana hI / zubha kA sRjana hai !" (pR. 51 ) isI krama meM kavi do paMktiyoM meM eka aisI bhAva-muktA de detA hai, jise hRdaya meM dhAraNa karake sArI ulajhanoM se sahaja hI mukti pAI jA sakatI hai : " mAna kA atyanta baunA honA / mAna kA avasAna - sA lagatA hai kintu, / bhAvI bahumAna hetu / vaha mAna kA
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________________ 220 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bonA yAnI vapana bhI ho sakatA hai / " (pR. 55-56) zubhatva ke isI krama meM kaMkaroM ko muskarAtI mATI ne jo udbodhana diyA hai, usameM AcAryapravara zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke sAdhaka jIvana ke anubhavoM kI ananta zItalatA ke sAtha-sAtha bhASA ke prati unakI sahaja niSThA bhI sammilita ho gaI hai| 'rAhI' tathA 'rAkha' zabdoM kA jaisA sArthaka aura jIvanta prayoga kavi ne kiyA hai, vaha dekhate hI banatA hai : "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rA"hI"hI"rA" aura/itanA kaThora bananA hogA/ki/tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM tapA-tapA kara/jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA/kharA utregaa|/khraa zabda bhI svayaM viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ? raa"kh"kh"raa"|" (pR. 56-57) zubhatva ke prasaMga meM hI rassI' kA vaha kathana uddhRta karanA cAhU~gA, jahA~ kavi saMyama' kA mahattva batAte hue kahatA hai: "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM/yAnI/AdamI vahI hai/jo yathA-yogya sahI AdamI hai/hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai/aura jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai/vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai |/arth yaha huA ki granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai/aura/nirgrantha-dazA meM ho/ahiMsA palatI hai, pala-pala panapatI,/"bala pAtI hai|" (pR. 64) 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke racayitA ne apane jIvana darzana ko vyakta karane ke lie kue~ kI machalI' kA prasaMga lekara atyanta sahaja aura sarala bhAva se 'sattva' kA paricaya karAyA hai : "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA !/aura asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha/sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA!" (pR. 83) aura jaba 'machalI' dhAtrI mATI se 'sallekhanA' dene kI prArthanA karatI hai, to 'mUkamATI' kA yazasvI kavi use mAdhyama banAkara jaise sampUrNa jagat ko hI 'zubhatva se paripUrNa' kalyANamayI zubha sallekhanA' detA hai : "sallekhanA, yAnI/kAya aura kaSAya ko/kRza karanA hotA hai, beTA ! kAyA ko kRza karane se/kaSAya kA dama ghuTatA hai,/"ghuTanA hI caahie| ...vAtAnukUlatA ho yA na ho/bAtAnukUlatA ho yA na ho sukha yA duHkha ke lAbha meM bhI/bhalA chupA huA rahatA hai, dekhane se dikhatA hai samatA kI A~khoM se,/lAbha zabda hI svayaM viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/lAbha "m"laa|" (pR. 87)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 221 AcArya kavi zrI vidyAsAgara ke kAvya grantha 'mUkamATI' kA prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' rUpaka ke mAdhyama se 'zubhatva' ke svarUpa kA samyak darzana hameM karAtA hai| jIvana kI sArthakatA : 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM kavi santa ne rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana kI sArthakatA' para jo sAragarbhita bhAva-muktAe~ sarjita kI haiM, ve unake jJAna, anubhava tathA sAdhanA kA paricaya sahaja hI detI haiM / 'phUla aura kA~Te' ke prasaMga meM kavi kA cintana darzanIya hai : "dama sukha hai, sukha kA srota/mada-duHkha hai, sukha kI mauta !/tathApi yaha kaisI viDambanA hai, ki/saba ke mukha se phUloM kI hI/prazaMsA hotI hai, aura/zUloM kI hiMsA !/kyA yaha/satya para AkramaNa nahIM hai ?" (pR. 102) isI krama meM 'sukha-duHkha'kA kendra 'mana' ko mAnakara kavi anUThI anubhUti ko atyanta sahaja zabdoM meM mukhara karatA hai : "mantra na hI acchA hotA hai/nA hI burA/acchA, burA to apanA mana hotA hai/sthira mana hI vaha/mahAmantra hotA hai/aura asthira mana hI/pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai, eka sukha kA sopAna hai/eka duHkha kA so pAna hai|" (pR. 108-109) sAhitya ko AcAryazrI ne 'jIvana' se jor3akara hI pUrNa aura sArthaka hote dekhA hai| AcAryazrI kI dRSTi darzanIya "zAnti kA zvAsa letA/sArthaka jIvana hI/sraSTA hai zAzvata sAhitya kaa| isa sAhitya ko/A~kheM bhI par3ha sakatI haiM/kAna bhI suna sakate haiM isa kI sevA hAtha bhI kara sakate haiM/yaha sAhitya jIvanta hai nA!" (pR. 111) aura isI prakAra kavi 'vANI kI sArthakatA' ko sahaja zabdoM meM isa prakAra vyakta karatA hai ki zabda hRdaya ko chU lete haiM : "anucita saMketa kI anucarI/rasanA hI/rasAtala kI rAha rahI hai yAnI ! jo jIva/apanI jIbha jItatA hai/duHkha rItatA hai usI kA sukha-maya jIvana bItatA hai/ciraMjIva banatA vahI/aura usI kI banatI vacanAvalI/sva-para-duHkha nivAriNI saMjIvanI baTI'!" (pR. 116-117) jIvana samasta ulajhanoM se bacakara yadi zAnta rasa kA anubhava kara sake, tabhI jIvana sArthaka' hai, yaha dRSTi kavi kI sAdhanA aura tapa ko hI dhvanita karatI hai : "zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM,/saMyama-rata dhImAna ko hI/ om' banA detA hai| jahA~ taka zAnta rasa kI bAta hai /vaha AtmasAt karane kI hI hai/kama zabdoM meM niSedha-mukha se kahU~/saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai / yU~ gunagunAtA rahatA/santoM kA bhI antaHprAnta vaha |/"dhny !" (pR. 159-160)
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________________ 222 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA anekAnta dRSTi: 'mUkamATI' kAvya ke yazasvI praNetA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI jaina-dharma evaM darzana ke gahana adhyetA evaM sAdhaka santa haiM, ata: yatra-tatra prasaMgavaza jainatva ke mUlamantra 'ahiMsA', 'saMyama' Adi kA sArapUrNa vivecana unhoMne isa kAvya kRti meM kiyA hai| 'kumbha' para kumbhakAra dvArA kI gaI vividhamukhI citrakArI ke rocaka prasaMga meM kavizrI ne 'anekAnta dRSTi' kA samyak vivecana, bIjAkSaroM 'hI' tathA 'bhI' ke gahana vizleSaNa ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai : "aba darzaka ko darzana hotA hai - / kumbha ke mukha maNDala para 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina do akSaroM kA / / ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai / 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / " (pR. 172) aura phira AcAryapravara ina bIjAkSaroM kI sahaja vyAkhyA bhI prastuta karate haiM : 66 ''hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko / 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko, 'hI' vastu kI zakla ko hI pakar3atA hai /'bhI' vastu ke bhItarI bhAga ko bhI chUtA hai, 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka / rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thA / yahI kAraNa ki rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhI !" (pR. 173) itanA hI nahIM, sAMskRtika tathA dArzanika sandarbhoM ke bAda kavi jaba 'hI' tathA 'bhI' kA vizleSaNa sAmAjika tathA rAjanaitika sandarbhoM meM karate haiM, to sukhada Azcarya-sA hotA hai : 46 ''bhI' ke Asa-pAsa / bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya, / kintu bhIr3a nahIM, 'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai / / loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a taba taka surakSita rahegA / jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rahegA / 'bhI' se svacchandatA - madAndhatA miTatI hai / svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM, sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja / 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nahIM / " (pR. 173) nizcaya hI 'mUkamATI' kI ananta bhAva- muktAoM meM 'hI' tathA 'bhI' kA bodha karAne vAlI yaha 'anekAnta' rUpI bhAvamuktA isa kAvya kRti kA zRMgAra hai, jana-mana kI pukAra hai ! tabhI to kavi kahatA hai : "prabhu se prArthanA hai, ki /'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho /'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho / " (pR. 173) yaha samaSTi -kalyANa-cetanA 'mUkamATI' kA prANa tattva hai / jIvana kA parama lakSya : 'mUkamATI' kAvya kA tRtIya khaNDa hai- 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana', jisake mAdhyama se kavi-santa AcArya vidyAsAgarajI aneka rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana kA parama lakSya batAne kA upakrama karate haiM / sUtrazailI meM kavi ne satya kahA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 223 "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) jIvana kyA mAtra 'pA lenA' hI hai? kyA 'dhana-dhAnya kA arjana' hI sukha de sakatA hai ? yadi nahIM, to kyA hai jIvana kA parama prApya ? kavi kI dRSTi dekhie : "bAhubala milA hai tumheM/karo puruSArtha sahI/puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI, parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI,/kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !/para-kAminI, vaha jananI ho, para-dhana kaMcana kI giTTI bhI/miTTI ho sajjana kI dRSTi meM !" (pR. 212) nizcaya hI, 'artha' ke lie 'anartha' karake svArthasiddha karanA jIvana ko naSTa karanA hai aura artha-lipsA se pare 'paramArtha' dekhane kA prayAsa karanA hI jIvana kA parama artha hai 'mUkamATI' ke kavi kI dRSTi meN| paramArtha bhAva hI parama dharma : AcAryapravara vidyAsAgarajI ke isa 'mUkamATI' kAvya kA antima khaNDa hai-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha', jo svayaM hI pratIkAtmaka artha kI vyaMjanA karAtA hai / kavi ne dRr3hatama AtmavizvAsa se sUtrAtmaka mantra diyA hai : "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI apane ghuTane Teka detA hai|" (pR. 269) 'kumbha' kI agni-parIkSA kA jo udAtta rUpaka kavi ne bA~dhA hai, vaha pratIkAtmaka dhvani se samagra sRSTi ke unnayana kA mArga batA rahA hai| 'kumbha' jaba taka agni-parIkSA se nahIM guz2aratA, taba taba usameM paripakvatA nahIM AtI, use jala ko zItalatA pradAna karane kI kSamatA 'jala kara' hI to mila pAtI hai / santa bhI to 'kumbha' samAna isa saMsAra rUpI avA' meM svayaM ko 'saMyama' tathA 'sAdhanA' kI 'agni' meM tapA-tapAkara hI isa yogya banAtA hai ki 'vacanAmRta jala' se saba kI pyAsa bujhA de / kumbha 'agni' se apane doSoM ko jalAne kI vinatI karatA hai : "maiM nirdoSa nahIM hU~/doSoM kA koSa banA huA hU~/mujha meM ve doSa bhare hue haiN| ....maiM kahA~ kaha rahA hU~/ki mujhe jalAo ?/hA~, mere doSoM ko jalAo ! mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai/sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|" (pR. 277) adhyAtma parama prApya hai : 'mUkamATI' ke praNetA santa-kavi ne 'darzana' aura 'adhyAtma' kA aisA vizada tathA vilakSaNa vizleSaNa kiyA hai, jo kaI granthoM meM bhI sahaja vizleSita na ho sake / divya 'agni' kahatI hai : "darzana kA srota mastaka hai,/svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai |/drshn ke binA adhyAtma-jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai/para, hA~ !/binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nhiiN| ...adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai/darzana parAdhIna upanayana ...darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai-vicAra,/adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai
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________________ 224 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sarvathA stabdha - nirvicAra!" (pR. 288-89) kavi ne aneka prasaMga lekara aise rUpakoM kI sRSTi kI hai, jo jIvana ke parama puruSArtha 'mokSa' kI prApti kA sAdhana 'adhyAtma sAdhanA' meM hI iMgita karate haiN| isa vilakSaNa kAvya kRti 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se mahAn santa, jainatva ke niSThAvAn sAdhaka, ahiMsA evaM saMyama vrata ke dRDhavratI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne tattvata: cAra khaNDoM ke rUpaka dvArA cAroM puruSArthoM - 'artha, dharma, kAma evaM mokSa' kA sarasa, subodha evaM sahaja zailI meM anupama vivecana kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI bhASA to itanI samartha, sakSama aura arthavatI bana gaI hai, mAnoM vaha santa kavi ke bhAvoM kI cira anucarI hI ho / saTIka zabda cayana, pada maitrI tathA mAnavIkaraNa alaMkAra tathA saMvAdAtmaka zailI ne kavi kI bhAva-muktAoM ko nikhAra diyA hai| santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA kAvya grantha 'mUkamATI' unakI divya sAdhanA kA aisA amRta jala hai, jo mana aura tana ko sahaja hI doSamukta karake bhAvAloka pradAna karatA hai / kavi nirvivAda rUpa se 'mahApuruSa' haiM, jinakA lakSaNa unhIM ke zabdoM meM dhvanita ho rahA hai : "mahApuruSa prakAza meM nahIM Ate/AnA bhI nahIM cAhate, prakAza-pradAna meM hI/unheM rasa AtA hai |/yh bAta nirAlI hai, ki prakAza saba ko prakAzita karegA hI/sva ho yA para, 'prakAzya' bhara ko ! ...maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nahIM |/aur maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN| isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai-/kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka/jAgRta"jIvita "ajita !" (pR. 245) niHsandeha, udAtta bhAva-muktAoM kA athAha sAgara bana sakane vAlI yaha mahanIya kAvya-kRti, jo isa rASTra kI saMjIvanI zaktirUpA saMskRti ko samAhita karake jIvana ko upakRta kara rahI hai, AgAmI asIma kAla taka 'jAgRta "jIvita ''ajita' rahegI; isalie nahIM ki yaha kisI svanAma dhanya kavi kI kRti hai, pratyuta isalie ki yaha kRti se bhI bar3hakara 'saMskRti' hai; eka mahAn santa kI sAdhanA se dIpta bhAvoM kI satata jAjvalyamAna muktAvalI hai| pRSTha 158 mA~ kI goda meM bAlaka.... bAlaka kA mukha chipA letI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : adhyAtma kA eka jIvanta dastAvez2a DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI AcArya vidyAsAgara praNIta 'mUkamATI' eka aisA vicArapravaNa kAvya hai, jisameM kavi ne 'mATI' ke arthagarbhita pratIka ke mAdhyama se jIvana sAdhanA kI sUkSmatAoM ko vizleSita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM bhAvanA, vicAraNA aura zilpa saundarya kA tritva dekhane ko milatA hai / gUDha vicAroM ko sampreSaNIya banAne meM kavi kA zabda-zodha kAragara siddha huA hai / aneka zabdoM ko paribhASita karake kavi ne unheM nayA arthonmeSa kiyA hai| ___ kAvya kA Arambha sImAtIta zUnya ke prabhAtakAlika raMgIna rAga kI AbhA' se pUrNa prAkRtika pariveza se hotA hai| mAnavIkaraNa ke mAdhyama se USA, kumudinI, kamalinI, tAre, pavana Adi prAkRtika upAdAnoM ke manorama citra prastuta kie gae haiN| ajJAtayauvanA nAyikA ke rUpa meM USA kA zRMgAra saMvalita rUpa kitanA mohaka bana par3A hai : "prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai sara para pallA nahIM hai/aura/siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA-/bhAI hai, bhAI...!" (pR. 1) prabhAkara karoM ke sparza se apane ko bacAtI, lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM apanI 'sarAga mudrA ko pA~khuriyoM kI oTa' meM chipAtI kumudinI kA bimba eka salajjA nAyikA ko hamAre samakSa prastuta kara detA hai / adhakhulI kamalinI ke citra ke mAdhyama se nArI kI IrSyA bhAvanA ko vivecita kiyA gayA hai : "adha-khulI kamalinI/DUbate cA~da kI/cA~danI ko bhI nahIM dekhatI A~kheM khola kara |/iirssyaa para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM, aura "vaha bhI/strI-paryAya meM-/anahonI-sI ghaTanA !" (pR.2) saritA taTa kI mATI aura mA~ dharatI ke vArtAlApa dvArA kRtikAra ne jIvana darzana ko vyakta karane kI ceSTA kI hai| mATI apanI patitAvasthA se mukta hone ke lie dharatI mA~ se prArthanA karatI hai| mATI kI yaha chaTapaTAhaTa tucchatA kI pIr3A se vyathita anekAneka abhAvagrasta dalita vyaktiyoM kI chaTapaTAhaTa hai| dInatA kA gaharA ehasAsa hone para hI vyakti unnati kI ora unmukha ho sakatA hai, kyoki 'patana pAtAla kA anubhava hI, utthAna-U~cAI kI AratI utAranA hai|' AdhyAtmikatA kI unnati ke lie AsthA ke sAtha sAdhanA bhI Avazyaka hai / sAdhanA-saMkula vyakti anukUlatApratikUlatA kI paravAha kie binA nirantara Age bar3hate hue uddezya kI prApti karatA hai / kavi ne ThIka hI kahA hai : "mIThe dahI se hI nahIM,/khaTTe se bhI/samucita manyana ho navanIta kA lAbha avazya hotA hai|" (pR. 13-14) cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita 'mUkamATI' kAvya kA pahalA khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' hai| isa khaNDa meM mATI kI saMkaratA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / kumbhakAra miTTI se kaMkara kaNoM ko haTAkara, use parizuddha karane ke pazcAt hI maMgala ghaTa nirmita karane meM kRtakArya hotA hai| isI taraha guru apane ziSya ke jIvana meM mizrita bemela avAntara tattvoM ko haTAkara, usake vyaktitva ko lokamaMgalakArI svarUpa pradAna karatA hai| isa prakAra se saMskArita ziSya kA 'besahArA jIvana sahArA dene vAlA banatA hai' / apane jIvana kI samasta varNasaMkaratA, kaluSatA kA niSedha karatA huA ziSya parizuddha AcaraNa kA
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________________ 226 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA varNalAbha karatA hai| dUsare khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM kavi ne mATI se maMgala ghaTa banAne kI prakriyA ke varNana dvArA anagar3ha jIvana kI susaMskArikatA para prakAza DAlA hai / kaMkara kaNoM ko alaga karake mATI ko kuMkuma-sama masRNa banAkara zilpI usameM mAtrAnukUla nirmala jala milAtA hai / jisa prakAra jala se saMyukta hokara miTTI meM navIna prANamayatA kA saMcAra ho jAtA hai, usI taraha karuNA aura jJAna se saMyukta hokara mAnava kI kAyA cetanA kI cirantana jyoti se Alokita ho uThatI hai| jyoti ke praveza hote hI mAnava-mana dAsatva se sadA-sarvadA ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai / mana kI adhInatA se mukta hone kA sandeza detA huA kavi kahatA hai : "mana ke gulAma mAnava kI/jo kAmavRtti hai/tAmasatA kAya-ratA hai vahI sahI mAyane meM/bhItarI kAyaratA hai !/suno, sahI suno/manoyoga se ! akAya meM rata ho jA!/kAya aura kAyaratA/ye donoM anta-kAla kI goda meM vilIna hoM/AgAmI ananta kAla ke lie!" (pR. 94) mATI khodate samaya kumbhakAra kI kudAlI se kA~Te kA sira AdhA phaTa jAtA hai| kA~TA badalA lene kI ThAna letA hai| badale kI bhAvanA vaha Aga hai jo vyakti ke tana-mana ko aharniza abhitapta karatI rahatI hai / kSamA hI eka aisA amogha astra hai jo badale kI dudhArI talavAra ko kATa sakatI hai| lekina kSamA-yAcanA kA adhikArI vahI hai jo nirvaira ho, dUsaroM ke aparAdhoM ko kSamA karane ke sahaja svabhAva kA svAmI ho / kumbhakAra kA~Te se kSamA mA~gate hue kahatA hai : "sammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI!/vaira kisase/kyoM aura kaba karU~ ? yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai/saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI!" (pR. 105) kSamA-yAcanA ke prabhAvasvarUpa kA~Te kA krodha kAphUra ho jAtA hai aura usake pratizodha bhAva kA pUrNata: zamana ho jAtA hai| usameM maitrI kA bhAva jAgarita hotA hai, aura yaha bodha, phira zodha meM pariNata hokara usake AcaraNa kA sahaja aMga bana jAtA hai / vastuta: bodha aura zodha kA anyonyAzrita sambandha hai : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, yaha bhI satya hai ki/zabdoM ke paudhoM para/sugandha makaranda-bhare bodha ke phUla kabhI mahakate nahIM,/...bodha kA phUla jaba DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to/zodha kahalAtA hai| bodha meM AkulatA palatI hai/zodha meM nirAkulatA phalatI hai, phUla se nahIM, phala se/tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai|" (pR. 106-107) * kaNTaka aura zilpI ke vArtAlApa meM tattva darzana ke aneka AyAma udghATita hue haiN| sthira mana ko sukha kA aura asthira mana ko duHkha kA sopAna batAte hue zilpI moha aura mokSa ke viSaya meM kaNTaka kI jijJAsA zAnta karatA huA kahatA hai : "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI/moha kA pariNAma hai aura/saba ko chor3akara/apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 227 isa khaNDa meM sAhitya, saMgIta, rasa Adi kI manorama vivecanA kI gaI hai| sAhitya kI kAvyamaya paribhASA kitanI saTIka aura vyaMjaka hai : "hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai, artha yaha huA ki/jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa ...!" (pR. 111) sAhitya cinmaya Ananda kA sraSTA hotA hai / isIlie sAhitya ke rasAsvAdana se kA~TA kAntA-samAgama se bhI kaI gunA Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai / santa kavi ne sthUla daihika sukha ke mAdhyama se brahmAnanda-sahodara kAvyAnanda ke sUkSma anubhava ko rUpAyita karane kI ceSTA kI hai| vIra, raudra, hAsya, zRMgAra, vAtsalya, karuNa, bIbhatsa, bhaya aura zAnta rasoM ko navIna rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karate hue inakI anupayogitA aura kalmaSatA ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai / vIra rasa vyakti ko uddaNDa banAtA hai to raudra rasa sattva guNoM ko samApta karake rAjasI-tAmasI vRtti ko vikasita karatA hai / hAsya rasa bhI tyAjya hai, kyoMki : "kheda-bhAva ke vinAza hetu/hAsya kA rAga Avazyaka bhale hI ho kintu veda-bhAva ke vikAsa hetu/hAsya kA tyAga anivArya hai hAsya bhI kaSAya hai nA!" (pR. 133) bhaya vyakti ko bhayAtaMkita karatA hai to zRMgAra vAsanA kI upAsanA hai / karuNA vyakti ko bahirmukhI banAtI hai / vAtsalya mamatAmaya hotA huA bhI karuNA ke samAna 'dvaitabhojI' hotA hai / Antarika upAdAna se paripuSTa hone ke kAraNa zAnta rasa vyakti ke Atmonnayana meM sahAyaka hotA hai / yaha alaukika rasa hai aura bAkI sabhI rasa laukika / zAnta rasa kI alaukika utkRSTatA ko abhijJApita karatA huA kavi kahatA hai : "zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM,/saMyama-rata dhImAna ko hI/'om' banA detA hai| jahA~ taka zAnta rasa kI bAta hai/vaha AtmasAt karane kI hI hai kama zabdoM meM/niSedha-mukha se kahU~/saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai| yU~ gunagunAtA rahatA/santoM kA bhI antaHprAnta vaha |/"dhny !" (pR.159-160) abhI taka zRMgAra ko rasa-rAja mAnA jAtA rahA hai, lekina AdhyAtmika upAdeyatA ke kAraNa santa kavi ne zAnta kA hI rasa-rAjatva svIkAra kiyA hai| kavi ne saMgIta ke AbhyAntarika vaiziSTya ko bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai / vastuta: saMgIta vaha hai jisake svara-rAga antarAtmA ko saMgAtIta Ananda se pUrNata: pariplAvita kara de / saMgIta aura prIti kI yaha apArthiva vivecanA kitanI sAragarbhita hai : "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai aura/prIti use mAnatA hU~/jo aMgAtIta hotI hai|" (pR. 144-145)
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________________ 228 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA saMgIta aura rasa ke tattva vivecana ke sAtha mATI kI rauMdana kriyA sampanna hotI hai| mATI kA loMdA cakra para rakha diyA jAtA hai / cakra para ghUmatI huI mATI zilpI se saMsAra kI vyAkhyA karatI hai : ". 'sR' dhAtu 'gati ke artha meM AtI hai, /saM yAnI samIcIna / sAra yAnI sarakanA " jo samyak sarakatA hai/ vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai // kAla svayaM cakra nahIM hai saMsAra-cakra kA cAlaka hotA hai vaha / yahI kAraNa hai ki upacAra se kAla ko cakra kahate haiM / isI kA pariNAma hai ki cAra gatiyoM, caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM / cakkara khAtI A rahI hU~ / " (pR.161 ) saMsAra hI cakra hai, kAla hI saMsAra cakra kA cAlaka daNDa hai aura kumbhakAra yA zilpI sraSTA hai - jo kSiti, jalAdi paMca tattvoM se prANI kA kAya- kalevara nirmita karatA hai| cakra para ghUmatI huI miTTI kA mAthA jisa taraha ghUmatA hai, usI prakAra telaghAnI ke kolhU ke bailoM kI taraha sAMsArikatA kI paridhi meM hI ghUmate-ghUmate manuSya apane bahumUlya jIvana kI itizrI kara detA hai, kabhI vizrAnti kA anubhava nahIM kara pAtA / jIvana kendra meM ramaNa ke binA mAnava cetanA hat vizrAnti kI abhiprApti nahIM ho sakatI : " paridhi meM bhramaNa hotA hai / jIvana yU~ hI guz2ara jAtA hai, kendra meM ramaNa hotA hai / jIvana sukhI naz2ara AtA hai / " (pR. 162) jIvana kI paridhi para sampanna sArI kriyAe~ antataH duHkha sAgara meM hI nipatita karatI haiN| jIvana kI paridhi para usa cetanA kA vAsa nahIM rahatA jo Ananda kA srota hai / Anandaprada parama cetanA kA prabhAmaNDala to jIvana kendra para hI adhiSThita rahatA hai| kumbha bana kara taiyAra ho jAtA hai| cakra se utArakara kumbha ko zilpI do-tIna dina sukhAtA hai, phira Thoka-pITa kara sudhAratA hai / kumbha para zilpI kucha tattvabodhI saMkhyAoM ke aMkana ke sAtha vicitra citroM ko citrita karatA hai aura kavitA kI kucha paMktiyA~ bhI ukeratA hai| kumbha ke karNa sthala para suzobhita 99 aura 9 kI saMkhyAoM ke karNaphUla krama se moha aura mokSa ko dyotita karate haiM / 99 kI saMkhyA ko do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca, chaha Adi saMkhyAoM se guNita karake kitanA hI bar3hA liyA jAe, kintu usakI labdha-saMkhyA kA yoga 9 hI rahatA hai| jaise - 99 x 2 = 198, 1+9+8=18, 1+8=9 isa prakAra guNana-krama 9 kI saMkhyA taka le jAne para bhI labdha - saMkhyA kA yoga 9 hI rahatA hai / 99 kA saMkhyAtmaka pratIka yaha tathya vyakta karatA hai ki saMsAra ninyAnabe kA cakkara hai, isalie mAyA hai, chalanA hai, mithyA hai| aura 9 kI saMkhyA akSaya Atma-tattva kA pratIkArtha vyakta karatI hai| vastuta: AtmasAdhanA hI 9 yAnI navajIvana kA srota hai| kumbha ke kaNTha para 63 kI saMkhyA aMkita hai, jo prema kA pratIka hai| tirasaTha kI chaha aura tIna kI saMkhyA kI taraha sajjana bhI eka-dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ke sahabhAgI hote haiM / 63 kI viloma saMkhyA 36 hai, jo kalaha, saMgharSa aura baira kA pratIka hai| durjana eka-dUsare se chattIsa kA hI riztA rakhate haiN| chattIsa ke Age tIna kI saMkhyA jur3a jAne para tIna sau tirasaTha banatA hai / vartamAna samAja meM tIna sau tirasaTha matoM kA hI bolabAlA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa Aja vizva meM loga khUna ke pyAse ho gae haiN| AtaMkavAdI aura ugravAdI hiMsA kA naMgA nAca kara rahe haiN| siMha aura zvAna kA citrAMkana bhI kumbha para kiyA jAtA hai| siMha svAdhInatApremI hotA hai, jabaki zvAna ko parAdhInatA se kataI parahez2a nahIM hotA / gulAmI kA paTTA usake gale kA AbhUSaNa bana jAtA hai| siMha aura zvAna meM eka bahuta bar3A antara yaha hotA hai ki 'siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai,' qaumI ekatA kA nidarzana prastuta karatA hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 229 isalie vaha nirbandha hotA hai / zvAna jAti gurrAU hotA hai, qaumI ekatA kA vighAtaka hotA hai, isalie vaha dAsatA kA jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| kumbha para aMkita kachuvA aura kharagoza ke citra jJApita karate haiM ki manthara gati se calatA huA kachuvA niyata samaya meM gantavya taka pahu~catA hai, jabaki tIvra gati vAlA kharagoza patha meM nIMda lene ke kAraNa bahuta pIche raha jAtA hai| isI taraha pramAda sAdhaka kI Atmopalabdhi meM vyavadhAna upasthita karatA hai / isalie sAdhaka ko sAdhanA patha para pramAda rahita hokara nirantara calate rahanA caahie| kumbha para 'hI' aura 'bhI' bIjAkSara bhI aMkita haiN| 'hI' ekAntavAda kA aura bhI' anekAntavAda-syAdvAda kA pratIka hai : "hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho!/aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha !" (pR. 172-173) anekAntavAda jaina darzana kA adbhuta pradeya hai| anekAntavAda isa vicAra para AdhArita hai ki satya ananta hai, usake aneka AyAma haiM / sAmAnyata: koI bhI vyakti satya ko sampUrNa rUpa se jAnane kA dAvA nahIM kara sktaa| satya ke eka pahalU ko hI vaha jAnatA hai / yadi koI tattvadarzI satya kA samyak sAkSAtkAra kara bhI letA hai to use pUrNa rUpa se vyakta karane meM vaha apane ko asamartha pAtA hai / isalie satya ke ekapakSIya dRSTikoNa kA samarthana aura dUsare dRSTikoNa kA virodha nahIM karanA cAhie varan paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle dRSTikoNoM meM sAmaMjasya DhU~r3hane kI ceSTA karanI caahie| kisI apekSA se merA kathana satya aura kisI anya apekSA se ApakA kathana bhI satya'- anekAntavAda-syAdvAda kA yaha darzana yadi jana-jana kI AtmA meM utara jAe to vizva meM ahiMsA, prema aura zAnti kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho jAe / sAre jhagar3e kI jar3a hI' hai, ekAntavAda hai / 'ho' ke prayoga meM AMzika satya kA Agraha hai / isa prakAra ke durAgraha meM AMzika satya bhI satya na rahakara phira asatya bana jAtA hai / isalie : " 'bhI'se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai/svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM, sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja/'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN| prabhu se prArthanA hai, ki/'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho/'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho|" (pR. 173) kumbha para aMkita kara para kara do paMkti sandeza detI hai ki nirantara karmanirata rahane se hI bhaviSya ujjvala aura jIvana sArthaka hotA hai / cAra zabdoM kI kavitA 'mara hama marahama baneM' bhI kumbha para aMkita hai / isakA Azaya hai ki pASANavat niSThura vyakti se Thokara khAkara kitane vyakti lahUluhAna ho jAte haiM, lekina yadi saMyogavaza usakA hRdaya parivartita hokara karuNAplAvita ho jAtA hai to use anutApa hotA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha apane hiMsAmaya nikRSTa jIvana ko parisaMskArita karake 'marahama' svarUpa lokamaMgalakArI navajIvana kA zubhArambha karatA hai / IzvarIya anugraha se ghaTita vyaktitva meM aisA krAntikArI zubha parivartana vyakti ko dasyu ratnAkara se parama kAruNika maharSi vAlmIki banA detA hai| taba rote hue logoM ko ha~sAnA aura gire hue logoM ko uThAnA hI usakI z2indagI kA maqasada bana jAtA hai| aise U~ce 'maqasada' vAle vyakti ko lakSya karake eka zAyara kahatA hai :
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 230 :: "hara dila kisI dila para fidA hotA hai, hara insAna ke muhabbata kA taura judA hotA hai / jo lar3akhar3Ate ko bar3ha kara uThA le, vaha insAna qhudA hotA hai|" zilpI ne cAra akSaroM kI eka aura kavitA 'maiM do galA' ko kumbha para ukeraa| tIna arthoM se anuprANita isa laghu kavitA kA pahalA Azaya antara - bAhya vAcika viSamatA kA digdarzana karAtA hai| bhItara se kucha evaM bAhara se kucha aura bolane vAle logoM kI hI Aja bharamAra hai| 'maiM dogalA' kA dUsarA bhAva-chalI, dhUrta, kapaTI aura abhimAnI honA hai| samAja meM aise vyaktiyoM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai| 'maiM do galA' kA tIsarA artha hai - do galA yAnI galA do, nirmUla kara do sakala vikAroM ke janaka apane 'maiM 'ko, ahaMkAra ko, ApA ko / Atmabodha kA yahI sarala-sugama upAya hai - 'ApA meTi jIvata marai, so pAvai karatAra / ' kumbhako zilpI ne aMkoM, citroM aura zabdoM kI ibAratoM se arthavAn to banA diyA, lekina usakA kaccApana abhI zeSa hai / usake jalIya aMza ko nizzeSa karake hI usakI arthavattA ko sthAyitva diyA jA sakatA hai / isalie kumbhakAra kumbha ko tapI huI khulI dharatI para rakhatA hai / tapa se hI jalatva kA, ajJAna kA vilaya ho sakatA hai| dUsarI ora jalatva yA varSA ko prAdurbhUta karane kA zreya bhI tapaH USmA ko hI hai| saMkalpa-vikalpoM se tapta antarmana kA santApa bhI tapasyA se hI miTa sakatA hai| kSaNabhaMgura bhautika sukha kI nIrasatA kA ehasAsa tapa dvArA prApta cinmaya Ananda ke bAda hI ho sakatA hai / sAMsArika bhogalipta vyakti ke pratIka ke rUpa meM vasanta ke citraNa dvArA santa kavi ne bhautika jIvana kI nIrasatA kA anAvaraNa kiyA hai : " 'vasanta kA bhautika tana par3A hai/nirA ho niSkriya, nirAvaraNa, gandha-zUnya zuSka puSpa-sA / / mukha usakA thor3A-sA khulA hai, mukha se bAhara nikalI hai rasanA / thor3I-sI ulaTI-palaTI, kucha kaha rahI -sI lagatI hai -/ bhautika jIvana meM rasa nA !" (pR. 180 ) saMsAra aura jIvana ko paribhASita karane vAle sUtra 'utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya yuktaM sat' kA santa kavi ne vyAvahArika bhASA meM sundara vivecana prastuta kiyA hai: : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana- utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira- sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya..!" (pR. 185) utpAda-vyaya yAnI janma-mRtyu se yukta yaha jagat dhruva hai, satya hai / tIsa khaNDa meM kavi ne prAkRtika upAdAnoM ke mAdhyama se puNya kI mahattA pratipAdita karate hue rati, IrSyA, krodha Adi mAnavIya bhAvoM ko rUpAyita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| dharatI ke vaibhava ko sameTa kara jala ratnAkara bana jAtA hai / apane aMza sIpa ko sAgara meM preSita kara dharatI jaladhi ko muktAoM kA nidhAna banA detI hai : "jala ko muktA ke rUpa meM DhAlane meM / zuktikA - sIpa kAraNa hai, aura / sIpa svayaM dharatI kA aMza hai / / svayaM dharatI ne sIpa ko prazikSita kara sAgara meM preSita kiyA hai|" (pR. 193)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 231 vaMza muktA, sIpa muktA, nAga muktA, zUkara muktA, maccha muktA, gaja muktA, yahA~ taka ki megha muktA banane meM bhI dharatI kA hAtha hai| ratnagarbhA dharatI kI ina upalabdhiyoM se candramA kI candrikA IrSyAvRddhi meM abhitapta hone lagatI hai / candramA ke nirdezana meM dharatI kI zAnti bhaMga karane ke lie jala tattva sakriya ho jAtA hai : "dharatI ko apamAnita - apavAdita/karane hetu/candramA ke nirdezana meM jalatattva vaha ati tejI se/zataraMja kI cAla calane lagA, yadA-kadA svalpa varSA kara/dala-dala paidA karane lagA dharatI para / dharatI kI ekatA/akhaNDatA ko/kSati pahu~cAne hetu/dala-dala paidA karane lagA! dala-bahulatA zAnti kI hananI hai nA!/jitane vicAra, utane pracAra utanI cAla-DhAla/hAlA ghulI jl-taa| klAnti kI jananI hai nA!" (pR.196-197) uparilikhita paMktiyoM meM samasAmayika sthiti kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA gayA hai / dala-bahulatA se upajI vaicArika viSamatA ke kAraNa loga apanI-apanI DaphalI para apanA-apanA rAga AlApa rahe haiM, jo rASTrIya ekatA kA sabase bar3A bAdhaka tattva hai| Aja vyakti itanA Atmakendrita ho gayA hai ki tuccha svArthasiddhi ke lie bar3e se bar3A anartha karane meM bhI nahIM hicktaa| ___ prabhAkara ke pravacana se prabhAvita hokara badaliyoM kA hRdaya parivartita ho jAtA hai / pralaya ke lie kaTibaddha badaliyA~ lokasevA meM tatpara hokara kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM apakva kumbhoM para muktA kI varSA karane lagatI haiN| motiyoM kI varSA kI bAta rAjA ke kAnoM taka pahu~catI hai / lobhI rAjA apanI maNDalI ko motiyoM kI rAzi ko boriyoM meM bharane kA saMketa karatA hai / muktA rAzi ko boriyoM meM bharane ke lie jyoMhI maNDalI jhukatI hai, tyoMhI AkAza guru-gambhIra-vANI ke sAtha mukharita ho uThatA hai : "anartha anartha anartha !/pApa"pApa"pApa..!/kyA kara rahe Apa... ? parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheM/karo puruSArtha sahI puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI,/parizrama ke binA tuma navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI,/kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha pratyuta,/jIvana ko khatarA hai !/para-kAminI,/vaha jananI ho, para-dhana kaMcana kI giTTI bhI/miTTI ho sajjana kI dRSTi meM hAya re ! samagra saMsAra-sRSTi meM/aba ziSTatA kahA~ hai vaha ? avaziSTatA duSTatA kI rahI mAtra!" (pR. 211-212) binA pasInA bahAe sampatti-arjana corI hai, aura corI kApuruSatA kA paricAyaka hai / parizrama puruSArtha kA paryAya hai / puruSArthI vyakti para-dravya ko miTTI samajhatA huA 'zrama eva jayate' meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai / 'mAtRvat paradAresu paradravyeSu loSThavat' ke ziSTAcAra kI avahelanA ke kAraNa hI Aja vizva duzcaritratA aura duSTatA ke santrAsa se pIr3ita hRdayavedhI AkAzavANI kA bhI rAjamaNDalI para kAragara prabhAva nahIM par3atA / muktArAzi ko baTorane ke lie maNDalI hAtha pasAratI hai, lekina muktA ke sparza se hI sabako bicchU ke DaMka kI vedanA kA tIvra ehasAsa hone lagatA hai
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________________ 232 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura sabakI 'pApar3a-sikatI-sI-kAyA' chaTapaTAne lagatI hai / mantra kIlita kI bhA~ti rAjA bhI kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho jAtA hai / lekina kumbhakAra muktArAzi para rAjA kA svatva svIkAra karate hue use rAjA ko samarpita kara detA hai, jisase rAjakoSa aura samRddha ho jAtA hai| motiyoM kI varSA se dharatI kA vardhita yaza sAgara ke vikSobha kA kAraNa banatA hai / sUrya ke saMketa se bar3avAnala sAgara ko pratAr3ita karatA hai para pRthvI ke prati sAgara ke vaimanasya meM koI kamI nahIM AtI / pRthvI ko pralaya se pIr3ita karane ke lie badaliyoM ke sthAna para vaha aba tIna kRSNa, nIla aura kapotavarNA puruSa ghana-bAdaloM ko niyata karatA hai| prabhAkara ko jalAne ke lie Amantrita rAhu ko sAgara hIrA, motI, mUMgA, pukharAja aura nIlama kI anaginata nidhiyoM kA utkoca detA hai / rizvata se hI mAnoM sukRtakSINa rAhu pApa-zAlA ke rUpa meM atyadhika kAlA hokara durdarzya ho gyaa| rAhu ke isa citraNa dvArA santa kavi ne vartamAna samaya meM ghUsakhorI kI bar3hatI pravRtti para kaThora AghAta kiyA hai| rAhu sUrya ko nigalatA hai| dharatI para andhakAra chA jAtA hai| vana, upavana, pallava-pAta, phala-phUla sabhI krandana karane lagate haiN| pakSI jala, bhojana aura manoraMjana kA parityAga kara dete haiN| prabhAkara ke parAbhava ko dekhakara bAdala phUle nahIM samAte / pralayakAriNI varSA prArambha ho jAtI hai / gupta rUpa se avatarita hokara amareza indra bhI tIkSNa bANoM se bAdala daloM kA badana vidIrNa kara dete haiN| sAgara bAdaloM kA dUsarA dala bhejatA hai jo aisI bijalI kA utpAdana karatA hai, jisakI kauMdha se sabakI palakeM a~pa AtI haiN| yahA~ taka ki animeSa indra bhI nimeSavAn bana jAtA hai / usakI A~kheM bAra-bAra palaka mArane lagatI haiN| Aveza meM Akara indra bAdaloM para vajrAghAta karatA hai / Ahata bAdaloM kI cIkha se samasta sauramaNDala dhvanita ho jAtA hai / sAgara ke saMketa para bAdala laghu-guru, aNu-mahA vibhinna AkAra-prakAra ke oloM kA utpAdana prArambha kara dete haiN| sampUrNa sauramaNDala upalamaya ho jAtA hai / megha upalavRSTi prArambha kara dete haiN| bhUkaNa oloM ko karArI mAta dekara zUnya meM uchAla dete haiN| isa TakarAva se kucha ole choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM vibhAjita hokara girate hue aisA dRzya upasthita karate haiM, mAnoM devagaNa dharatI kA abhinandana karane ke lie svarga se pArijAta puSpa kI pA~khuriyA~ bikhera rahe hoM / upalavRSTi kA dRzya kumbha samUha sahaja-sAkSIbhAva se dekha rahA hai, isalie vaha pUrNatayA bhayamukta hai / Azcaryaparaka bAta to yaha hai ki barasAe gae tamAma oloM meM eka bhI olA kumbha ko kSata-vikSata nahIM kara sakA: "Upara ghaTatI isa ghaTanA kA avalokana/khulI A~khoM se kumbha-samUha bhI kara rhaa| para,/kumbha ke mukha para/bhIti kI lahara-vaiSamya nahIM hai sahaja-sAkSI bhAva se, basa/saba kucha saMvedita hai sarala-garala, sakala-zakala saba !/isa para bhI/vismaya kI bAta to yaha hai ki,/eka bhI olA nIce Akara/kumbha ko bhagna nahIM kara sakA!" ___ (pR. 251-252) kisI bhI sukhada-duHkhada ghaTanA kA sahaja-sAkSIbhAva se avalokana AdhyAtmika upalabdhi hai, puNya kA pratiphala hai| isa vaiziSTya se santulita hone para vyakti anukUla-pratikUla hara paristhiti meM eka rasa rahatA hai| koI bhI durghaTanA use vicalita nahIM kara pAtI / sAdhaka jala kI zItalatA aura anala ke tApa ko samAna bhAva se svIkAra karatA hai / sAdhanAyAtrA kA mahattvAMkana karatA huA kumbha kahatA bhI hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 233 sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA, vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai/yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) . bAdala dala ke sAtha ole sAgara meM samAhita hokara du:khada nArakIya jIvana vyatIta karate haiN| yaha unake pApakarma kA pariNAma hai / kaI dinoM ke bAda nirabhra nIlAkAza ke darzana aura pavana pravAha ke sparzana ko ullasita sauramaNDala zubhakAmanA ke svara meM kaha uThatA hai : "dharatI kI pratiSThA banI rahe, aura hama saba kI/dharatI meM niSThA ghanI rahe, basa / " (pR. 262) vijayinI dharatI ke vana-upavana-pavana saba prabhAkara ke Aloka-nimajjana se nikhara jAte haiN| navIna chaviyoM se maNDita pRthvI para saba kucha nayA-hI-nayA dRSTigata hotA hai : "nayI USA to nayI USmA/naye utsava to nayI bhUSA ...nayI khuzI to nayI ha~sI/nayI-nayI yaha garIyasI / nayA maMgala to nayA sUraja/nayA jaMgala to nayI bhU-raja / " (pR. 263) 'mUkamATI' kA caturtha khaNDa sarvotkRSTa aMza hai| samAja aura saMskRti ke pariprekSya meM jIvana ke aneka AyAmoM ko udghATita karane ke lie isa khaNDa meM vividha kathA-prasaMgoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai / apakva kumbha ko pakAne ke lie avA kI taiyArI se khaNDa prArambha hotA hai| babUla, nIma, devadAru aura imalI kI lakar3iyoM se susajjita ave meM kumbhoM ko vyavasthita rUpa meM rakhA jAtA hai| saba lakar3iyoM kI ora se babUla kI lakar3I apanI antarvyathA vyakta karatI huI kumbhakAra se kahatI hai : "janma se hI hamArI prakRti kar3I hai/hama lakar3I jo rahIM ...kabhI-kabhI hama banAI jAtI/kar3I se aura kar3I char3I aparAdhiyoM kI piTAI ke lie/prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hama / ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai|" (pR. 271) isameM aparAdhiyoM ko prazraya dene vAlI aura sIdhe-sAde niraparAdha vyaktiyoM ko utpIr3ita karane vAlI vartamAna lokatAntrika vyavasthA kI dayanIya sthiti ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai / vastuta: janakalyANakArI Adarza se cyuta Aja kA lokatantra 'dhanatantra' aura 'manamAnA tantra' kA paryAya bana cukA hai| nava bAra navakAra mantra kA uccAraNa karate hue kumbhakAra avA meM agni lagA detA hai / ave meM agni jalatI hai, bujhatI hai / jalana-bujhana kI kriyA kaI bAra calatI hai| hara bAra kumbhakAra agni prajvalita karatA hai / agni kumbha ko nirdoSa samajhatI hai, isalie use jalAnA nahIM caahtii| apakva kumbha agni se prArthanA karatA hai : "maiM kahA~ kaha rahA hU~/ki mujhe jalAo ?/hA~, mere doSoM ko jalAo !
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________________ 234 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI / mujhe jilAnA hai / sva- para doSoM ko jalAnA parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / / doSa ajIva haiM / naimittika haiM, bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit;/guNa jIvagata haiM, / guNa kA svAgata hai| tumheM paramArtha milegA isa kArya se, / isa jIvana ko artha milegA tuma se mujha meM jala dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai / jo tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai, usakI pUrI abhivyakti meM / tumhArA sahayoga anivArya hai|" (pR. 277) sahaja kSamatA kI vikAsagata bAdhAe~ hI doSa haiN| jaba taka ina doSoM kA zamana nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka jIvana kA koI artha nahIM hai / kSamatAvAn jIvana hI parahita jaise utkRSTa dharma ke sampAdana meM nirata ho sakatA hai| isIlie apakva kumbha apanI jaladhAraka kSamatA kI pUrNa abhivyakti ke lie jalanA cAhatA hai, tapanA cAhatA hai, pakanA cAhatA hai| paripakva hone para hI usakA jIvana arthavAn bana sakatA hai| avA agni se pradIpta ho uThatA hai / anala sparza se kumbha kI kAyA tapane lagatI hai, para AtmA ujjvala hotA huA zAnti kA anubhava karatA hai| sAdhanA patha para avirAma calate rahane ke saMkalpa se anuprANita ho kumbha apUrva zAnti kI yAcanA karate hue prabhu se nivedana karatA hai : "bhukti kI hI nahIM, / mukti kI bhI / cAha nahIM hai isa ghaTa meM vAha-vAha kI paravAha nahIM hai / prazaMsA ke kSaNa meM / dAha ke pravAha meM avagAha karU~,/ parantu, / Aha kI taraMga bhI kabhI nahIM uThe / isa ghaTa meM saMkaTa meM / / isake aMga-aMga meM / raga-raga meM vizva kA tAmasa A bhara jAya / koI cintA nahIM, / kintu, viloma bhAva se yAnI / tAmasa samatA.!" (pR. 284) kumbha kI 'isa vAMchA kI abhivyakti dvArA santa kavi ne AdhyAtmika jIvana kA Adarza prastuta kiyA hai / bhukti-mukti, sukha-du:kha, rAga-dveSa se alipta vyaktitva hI vizva ke tAmasa ko pariSkRta karake 'samatA' meM rUpAntarita kara sakatA hai| kumbhakAra ave se kumbha nikAlatA hai / agni meM tapakara kumbha kAlA ho jAtA hai, mAnoM usake bhItarI doSa bAhara A gae hoM aura antastala pApa rahita hokara nirmala ho gayA ho / bhikSArthI mahAsanta ke svAgata ke lie nagara kA mahAseTha kumbha lAne ke lie apanA sevaka bhejatA hai / sevaka kumbha ko sAta bAra bajAtA hai, jisase kramaza: sAta saMgIta svara 'sA ''re''ga''ma' 'dha'ni' niHsRta hote haiM / kavi ina svaroM kA Azaya isa prakAra spaSTa karatA hai : " sA re ga ma yAnI / sabhI prakAra ke du:kha, pa Mdha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva / aura / ni yAnI nahIM, du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA vibhAva - pariNamana mAtra hai vaha / " (pR. 305 ) tave kI A~ca meM tapakara kumbha kA svarUpa pUrNataH parivartita ho jAtA hai| vaha apakva ghaTa se maMgala ghaTa bana jAtA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 235 hai| sAdhanA meM prajvalita sAdhaka ko AtmasvarUpa kA abhijJAna ho jAtA hai / use yaha bodha ho jAtA hai ki vaha zarIra nahIM hai varan sat-cit-Anandamaya AtmA hai / isa sthiti meM vaha sAMsArika duHkhoM se pUrNata: vimukta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva hai hI nhiiN| usakA sahaja svarUpa to Anandamaya hai, maMgalamaya hai / sAdhaka ke aMga-pratyaMga se, raga-raga se, roma-roma se mRdaMga kI-sI mAnoM dhvani ninAdita hotI rahatI hai jo tana aura cetanA kI bhinnatA kA ehasAsa karAtI huI daihika cintA se mukta rakhatI hai / mRdaMga kI zruti-sukhada dhvani ke mAdhyama se kavi ne Atmabodha kA sundara nidarzana prastuta kiyA hai : "dhA dhina dhina "dhA"/dhA dhina dhina dhA.. vetana-bhinnA, cetana-bhinnA,/tA tina tina "tA.. tAtina "tina' "tA"/kA tana "cintA, kA tana' 'cintA ?" (pR. 306) sevaka ke hAtha se lekara kumbha ko seTha tAz2e zItala jala se prakSAlita karatA hai| usa para svastika cihna banAtA hai| haldI-kesara-candana, pAna-patra aura zrIphala se suzobhita mAMgalika kumbha ko seTha aSTa pahalUdAra candana kI caukI para sthApita kara detA hai / atithi santa ke Agamana kA samaya sannikaTa hai| atithi kI pratIkSA meM loga rajata, tAmra, pItalakalaza lekara paMktibaddha khar3e haiM / seTha ke hAtha meM mATI kA maMgala kumbha hai / atithi ke AhAra dAna se sabhI svayaM ko kRtArtha karanA cAhate haiN| atithi ke darzana hote hI dAtA jayakAra karane lagate haiN| bhojana-pAna pAe binA santa ke lauTa jAne se dAtAoM ko marmAntaka vedanA hotI hai / atithi santa dAtA seTha ke yahA~ padhArate haiM / seTha bhakti sahita atithi kI pUjA karatA hai| prAsuka jala se ApUrita mATI kA kumbha hAtha meM lekara atithi ke caraNoM meM seTha ke jhukate hI guru -pada-nakhadarpaNa meM kumbha apane svarUpa kA darzana karatA hai / kumbha guru caraNoM meM svayaM ko samarpita kara detA hai| AhAra-dAna svIkAra kara atithi seTha ko kRtakRtya karate haiN| atithi ke dharmopadeza ke bAda seTha ghara lauTatA hai| icchA ke viparIta gurucaraNoM se alaga hokara seTha ko ghara jAnA par3a rahA hai, isalie vaha klAnta hai / guru ke satsaMga ke prabhAvasvarUpa seTha virAga aura santoSa se anuprANita ho jAtA hai| sAMsArika kSaNabhaMguratA kA use tIvra ehasAsa hone lagatA hai| seTha ke vyaktitva meM santa ke guNoM kA avataraNa hotA hai / seTha mRttikA pAtroM ke upayoga kA saMkalpa letA hai| mATI ke pAtra ke mahattva ko dekhakara svarNa kalaza vikSubdha ho jAtA hai / santa para Akroza vyakta karatA huA vaha kahane lagatA hai : "kauna kahatA hai yaha/ki/Agata santa meM samatA thI thI pakSa-pAta kI mUrti vaha,/samatA kA pradarzana bhI dasa-pratizata nahIM rahA/samatA-darzana to dUra / jisakI dRSTi meM abhI/ucca-nIca bheda-bhAva hai svarNa aura mATI kA pAtra/eka nahIM hai abhI samatA kA dhanI ho nahIM sakatA vaha !" (pR. 362-363) seTha ko upahAsa dRSTi se dekhatA huA svarNa kalaza puna: kahatA hai : "gRhastha avasthA meM-/nAma-dhArI santa yaha/akAla meM palA huA ho abhAva-bhUta se ghirA huA ho/phira bhalA kaise ho sakatA hai
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________________ 236 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA .. bahumUlya vastuoM kA bhoktA ? / tabhI to daridra nArAyaNa-sama svarNAdi pAtroM kI upekSA kara/ mATI kA hI svAgata kiyA hai|" (pR. 363) mRttikA kumbha meM bharA pAsa svarNa kI hInatA batAte hue mATI kA mahattva pratipAdita karatA hai : "tuma svarNa ho / ubalate ho jhaTa se / mATI svarNa nahIM hai para/svarNa ko ugalatI avazya, / tuma mATI ke ugAla ho ! ... mATI meM boyA gayA bIja / samucita anila-salila pA poSaka tattvoM se puSTa- pUrita / sahasra guNita ho phalatA hai / " (pR. 365) pAyasa kA kathana jArI rahatA hai| : "paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra zilA ho tuma, / pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma / aura / azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366 ) svarNa sukha-zAnti meM vyavadhAna utpanna karane vAlA upakaraNa hai| vaizvika stara para Aja zoSaNa aura hiMsA kA jo nagna tANDava ho rahA hai, usake mUla meM svarNa yAnI sampatti-saMgraha kI kAmanA hai / bhautika lipsA ke atireka ne Aja mAnava ko durdAnta banA diyA hai| isIlie kavi svarNa ko 'paratantra jIvana kI AdhArazilA' aura 'azAnti ke antahIna silasilA' kA mukhya kAraNa mAnatA hai / parigrahavRtti se vijar3ita Aja kA mAnava sampattisaMgraha ke lie anaitika sAdhanoM ke upayoga se bhI paraheja nahIM karatA / manuSya para lobha itanA hAvI ho gayA hai ki loga daheja ke lie vadhU-hatyA jaise jaghanya aparAdha karane se bhI nahIM cUkate, 'lobhI pApI mAnava pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa- grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiM" (pR. 386) / AtaMkavAda para bhI kavi ne dRSTipAta kiyA hai| ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnanevAlA hamArA deza Aja AtaMkavAda kI bhISaNa jvAlA meM jala rahA hai| paMjAba, kazmIra aura asama kI bholI-bhAlI niraparAdha janatA AtaMkavAdiyoM kI hiMsA kA zikAra ho rahI hai| deza ke anya rAjya bhI AtaMkavAdI gatividhiyoM se achUte nahIM haiN| AtaMkavAda kI samasyA ko apane DhaMga se prastuta karate hue kavi ne isake samAdhAna kA mArga bhI prastuta kiyA hai| svarNa kalaza ke AtaMkavAdI dala Satara aura nAga-nAginiyA~ parAsta kara seTha ke parivAra kI rakSA karate haiN| AtaMkavAda kA hRdaya itanA parivartita jAtA hai ki nIrAga sAdhu se vaha akSaya sukha prApti kA mArga dikhAne kA vacana mA~gatA hai tAki Azvasta hokara vaha bhI nIrAga sAdhu-jaisI sAdhanA kA apane jIvana meM abhiniveza kara sake / sAdhu vacana nahIM detA, kyoMki akSaya-sukha AtmasAdhanA se hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vacana ke dvArA AtmAnanda kI abhiprApti nahIM karAI jA sktii| isalie sAdhu vacana na dekara pravacana detA hai : 66 ' bandhana - rUpa tana, / mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha-dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai / jise / prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/ saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai / tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) pravacana ke bAda santa mahAmauna meM DUba jAtA hai aura mUka mATI mAhaula ko animeSa nihAratI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA zilpa saundarya bhI AkarSaka hai| aneka AnuSaMgika kathAoM kA niyojana isa kalAtmakatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai ki kAvya kA sthApatya kahIM lar3akhar3AtA nahIM / alaMkAroM ke prayoga bhI sundara bana par3e haiM / kavitA meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 237 ye sahaja rUpa meM Dhala gae haiN| isake lie kavi ko prayAsa nahIM karanA par3A hai| navIna upamAna yojanA meM bhI kavi kI pratibhA sakriya rahI hai / bAnagI ke rUpa meM kavitA kI eka paMkti dekhie: "pApar3a sikatI-sI kAyA saba kI / chaTapaTAne lagI" (pR. 212) / isameM 'kAyA' kI chaTapaTAhaTa ke lie sikate hue pApar3a kI aiMThana aura sikur3ana ke abhinava upamAna kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo kavi ke prayogazIla zilpa- vaiziSTya ko ujAgara karatA hai / upamA kavi kA priya alaMkAra hai / isa alaMkAra ke prayoga meM kavi ne vizeSa tatparatA dikhAI hai| yamaka alaMkAra kA bhI kAvya meM sahaja aura sundara prayoga huA hai / vyatireka aura punarukti prakAza alaMkAroM kA bhI virala viniyoga dekhane ko milatA hai| muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA bhI kAvyAtmaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai| lokajIvana kI gandha se suvAsita katipaya lokoktiyA~ to paThanIya hI nahIM, smaraNIya aura AcaraNIya bhI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka lokokti prastuta hai : "Amada kama kharcA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA / " (pR. 135) bhASA para kavi kA acUka adhikAra hai / kavi ke izAroM para bhASA isa taraha nAcatI hai ki zabda meM gumphita artha kI parateM anAyAsa khulane lagatI haiM / aneka zabdoM kA apane DhaMga se vyutpattiparaka bhASya karake kavi ne bhASAzAstra kI bahuAyAmI sambhAvanAoM kA patha prazasta kiyA hai aura bhASika anusandhitsuoM ko adRSTapUrva AbhA bhI dikhalAI hai / kumbhakAra, gadahA, kAyaratA, saMsAra, marahama, dogalA, nArI, abalA, kumArI, strI, duhitA, mAtR, aMganA jaise anekAneka pAribhASika zabdoM se kAvya bharA par3A hai / kAvya kI zabda- sampadA ko dekhate hue maiM socatA hU~ ki 'mUkamATI' kA bhASAzAstrIya anuzIlana' eka mahattvapUrNa zodhaparaka viSaya sakatA hai| 90 pRSTha 63 gA~Tha ke sandhi-sthAna para turanta gA~Tha khola dete haiN| n
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________________ hindI sAhitya kA gaurava grantha : 'mUkamATI' pro. zIla candra jaina kavi apane yuga kA pratinidhi hotA hai| jaisA use mAnasika khAdya milatA hai, vaisI hI usakI kRti hotI hai| jisa prakAra betAra ke tAra kA grAhaka AkAza maNDala meM vicaraNa karatI huIM vidyut taraMgoM ko pakar3a kara usako bhASita zabda kA AkAra detA hai, ThIka usI prakAra kavi apane samaya ke vAyumaNDala meM ghUmate vicAroM ko pakar3a kara, usako bhASita zabda kA AkAra detA hai / kavi apane samAja ke bhAvoM kI mUrti evaM mukha hote haiM / kavi ke dvArA nirmita bhAvoM kI mUrti samAja kI netrI bana jAtI hai / sAhitya meM mAnava jAti ke samasta anubhavoM aura vicAroM kA akSaya bhaNDAra surakSita hai / sAhitya samaSTi aura vyaSTi kI gati, garimA aura prANa hai| samAja kA svara, jAgRti aura prakAza hai sAhitya | vastutaH satya kA svarUpa sAhitya aura sAdhanA meM milatA hai| samAja parivartanazIla hai| vaha giragiTa kI taraha raMga badalatA hai kintu zreSTha sAhitya kabhI purAnA nahIM par3atA apitu zAzvata aura nita nUtana rahatA hai / sAhitya kA sambandha mUlata: bhAvoM se hotA hai| sAhityakAra kevala sAmAjika jIvana ko hI nahIM citrita karatA, balki mAnavatA ke vyApaka dharAtala para vaha vyakti aura samAja ke niyamoM kA santulana sthApita karatA hai aura manuSya ko usakI bhAvabhUmi se Upara uThA kara udAttatara banAtA huA Ananda kI sRSTi karatA hai| isI vyApaka mAnavatA se kAvya meM sthAyitva utpanna hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zatAbdiyoM purAne hone para bhI kAlidAsa, zeksapiyara, homara, milTana aura tulasI Adi ke kAvya Aja bhI manorama aura preraka haiM / sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika vizva kAvyoM meM kucha samAna pravRttiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| unakA mUla svara bhinna nahIM hotA aura usameM jIvana ke zAzvata satya kA nirUpaNa hotA hai| yaha satya itihAsa se bhI mahAn bana jAtA hai / isa taraha kA kAvya sthiti kA vizleSaNa karate hue kisI navIna dizA kA saMcAra karatA hai / isakA AdhAra kavi kI sAdhanA, anubhUti aura jana-jIvana se prApta preraNA hotI hai| isameM mAnavIya bhAvoM kA tAdAtmya sthApita ho jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' aad inhIM mUlabhUta samasyAoM aura vizva satya ko abhivyakti dI hai| 'mUkamATI' santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI adyatana praur3hatama kAvyakRti aura sarvotkRSTa vizva sAhitya kI eka anupama kar3I hai / ise adhyAtma aura rUpaka mahAkAvya kahanA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai / kisa kRti ko mahAkAvya kahA jAya aura kisa ko nahIM, yaha sarvathA svAbhAvika prazna hai / vastutaH yuga jIvana kI cetanA ko AtmasAt karane ke kAraNa hI mahAkAvya yuga kI dena kahe jAte haiM / pratyeka yuga ke nirmANa meM vibhinna paristhitiyoM kA yogadAna hotA hai| isa kAraNa mahAkAvya ke svarUpa meM bhI parivartana naz2ara AtA hai| yugIna sandarbhoM meM Adhunika hindI mahAkAvya kisI bhI prakAra se atIta ke ArSa mahAkAvyoM se kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiM / 'mUkamATI' kA racanA phalaka jahA~ rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura rAmacaritamAnasa jaise yuga-pravartaka mahAkAvyoM kI taraha vyApaka hai, vahIM isake racayitA vAlmIki, vyAsa aura tulasIdAsa jaise sAdhaka aura santa bhI haiN| isake alAvA yuga-cetanA kA udghoSa, jAtIya jIvana kA pratinidhitva, navIna sAmAjika saMracanA ke udAtta saMkalpa, AdhyAtmika niSThAoM ke pariSkAra, mahat sAMskRtika AdarzoM kI pratiSThA aura kalAtmaka audAttya ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' ko hindI sAhitya kA gaurava grantha kahanA upayukta hai| AcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa mahAkAvyoM ke lakSaNoM para samyak vicAra karanA prAsaMgika pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya ke jo mAnadaNDa nirdhArita kie, ve unake samaya ke pUrva meM race gae mahAkAvyoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 239 ke AdhAra para hI nirdhArita kie gae haiN| phira bhI una para vicAra karanA saMgata hai / Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM para saMskRta ke mahAkAvya kI hI chApa hai, phira bhI aneka lakSaNoM kI avahelanA bhI naz2ara AtI hai| hindI ke pramukha samIkSakoM ke mahAkAvya viSayaka mAnadaNDa nimnAnusAra haiM : AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne mahAkAvya ke svarUpa para vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA hai / unhoMne cAra tattvoM ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai-itivRtta, vastu vyApAra varNana, bhAva vyaMjanA tathA saMvAda / ___ DaoN. zyAma sundara dAsa ke anusAra mahAkAvya meM mahat uddezya, udAtta Azaya aura saMskRti kA citraNa honA caahie| ___ AcArya nandadulAre vAjapeyI ne mahAkAvya ke tIna lakSaNa mAne haiM-racanA kA prabandhAtmaka yA sargabaddha honA, zailI kI gambhIratA aura varNita viSaya kI vyApakatA evaM mahattva / DaoN. nagendra ne mahAkAvya ke cAra AdhArabhUta tattva nirdhArita kie haiM- udAtta kathAnaka, udAtta kArya yA uddezya, udAtta caritra aura udAtta bhAva-zailI / audAttya hI mahAkAvya kA prANa hai| DaoN. nagendra dvArA mahAkAvyAlocana ke nirdhArita mAnadaNDoM ke AdhAra para kisI bhI kAvya kRti ke mahAkAvyatva kA Akalana kiyA jA sakanA samucita pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi sarvathA pUrNa aura sarvamAnya mAnadaNDa nirdhArita karanA to atyanta kaThina hai kyoMki paristhitiyoM, paramparAoM aura mAnyatAoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| AcAryoM ke anusAra mahAkAvya kA AkAra isa prakAra nirdhArita hotA hai- (1) mahAkAvya kA zarIra (2) mahAkAvya kI aatmaa| (1) zarIra- sarga racanA, nAmakaraNa, alaMkAra, bhASA, chanda, vastusthiti evaM pAtra vizleSaNa, varNya viSaya, prakRti (Rtue~)- saMsAra, pArivArika evaM sAmAjika sambandha Adi / (2) AtmA- rasa, bhAva, nAyaka kA caritra, laukika-alaukika kA samanvaya, daivI aura AsurI pravRttiyoM kA ___ smprk| uparyukta AdhAroM para 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA mahat uddezya mAnava saMskRti kA saMrakSaNa aura saMvarddhana hai / kRtikAra ne 'mAnasa-taraMga' meM svata: vyakta kiyA hai : "jisane zuddha-sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA hai aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii'|" zramaNa-saMskRti mAnava saMskRti kA vAcaka hai, kyoMki kRtikAra yuga ko aise mAnava saMskAroM se saMskArita karanA cAhatA hai, jo mAnava kalyANa ke lie upayogI haiM / bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha se cakarAe mAnava ko sahI dizAbodha denA 'mUkamATI' kA lakSya hai, jisa prakAra 'bhArata-bhAratI' meM sva. rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa guptajI kA sandeza hai : "hama kauna the, kyA ho gaye haiM aura kyA hoMge abhii| Ao vicAreM Aja milakara/yaha samasyAyeM sabhI !!" (bhArata-bhAratI : gupta) isI prakAra kA bhAva jayazaMkara prasAda kI ina paMktiyoM se abhivyakta hotA hai : "jage hama lage jagAne vizva/loka meM phailA phira aalok| vyoma-tama puMja huA taba naSTa/akhila saMskRti ho uThI azoka // " Aja hama apanI AtmIyatA meM sAMskRtika mUlyAMkana karane meM asamartha haiM / aisI sthiti meM hamArA bhaviSya kyA
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________________ 240 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hogA ? hama kisa prakAra mAnavatA kI rakSA kara sakeMge ? apanI saMskRti ke prati AkarSaNa nahIM hogA to hama mAtR-bhUmi (deza kI mATI) kI garimA kA jayaghoSa kaise kara sakeMge ? ataeva sAMskRtika unnayana Avazyaka hai jisase snehapUrNa jIvana kA vikAsa hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' kAra ne bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUla mantra ko ina paMktiyoM meM bA~dhA hai : "kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe / AgAmI asIma kAla taka / jAgRta "jIvita" ajita ! sahaja prakRti kA vaha / zRMgAra - zrIkAra / manahara AkAra le jisameM AkRta hotA hai|/ karttA na rahe, vaha / vizva ke sammukha kabhI bhI viSama - vikRti kA vaha / kSAra-dAra saMsAra hai / ahaMkAra kA hu~kAra le jisameM jAgRta hotA hai / / aura / hita sva-para kA yaha nizcita nirAkRta hotA hai !" (pR. 245 - 246) X X X "sarve bhavanti sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhabhAg bhavet // "" bhAratIya saMskRti kA yaha sandeza 'mUkamATI' kAra ne ina paMktiyoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai : D "yahA~... saba kA sadA / jIvana bane maMgalamaya / chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM - / amaMgala - bhAva, / saba kI jIvana latA harita - bharita, viha~sita ho / guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe / AmUla mahaka uTheM / ... basa / " (pR. 478) isa bhautikatAvAdI jar3a yuga meM aise kavi aura kRti kA avatarita honA vizeSa upalabdhi hai / 'sAketa' mahAkAvya meM sva. guptajI ne aisA hI bhAva ina paMktiyoM meM vyakta kiyA hai : 'bhava meM nava vaibhava vyApta karAne AyA, / nara ko IzvaratA prApta karAne AyA ! sandeza yahA~ maiM nahIM svarga kA lAyA, / isa bhUtala ko hI svarga banAne AyA || " (sAketa : gupta ) 'kAmAyanI' mahAkAvya meM prasAdajI ne jahA~ samarasatAjanya AnandavAda kI pratiSThA kara mAnavatA ke svara phU~ke haiM, vahIM santa kavi vidyAsAgara ne ekAntavAda, AtaMkavAda kA avasAna kara evaM anekAntavAda aura anantavAda kI sthApanA kara mAnavatA kI vijaya kA sandeza diyA hai, yathA : "zakti ke vidyutkaNa, kaNa jo vyasta / vikala bikhare haiM, ho nirupAya / samanvaya usakA kare samasta / vijayinI mAnavatA ho jAya !" ( kAmAyanI : prasAda ) pU~jIvAdI, sAmrAjyavAdI pravRttiyoM se khokhale isa mAnava samAja ko saMrakSita karane kI mUlabhUta cetanA se anuprANita paMktiyA~ 'mUkamATI' meM isa prakAra haiM : "artha kI A~kheM / paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatIM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 241 artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) 0 "AtatAyinI, ArtadAyinI/dIrgha gIdha-sI/isa dhana-gRddhi ke lie dhikkAra ho, dhikkAra ho|" (pR. 197) "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa karo/anyathA,/dhana hInoM meM corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN|" (pR. 467-468) 'sAketa saMta' mahAkAvya meM paM. baladeva prasAda mizra ne mAnavatA kI rakSA ke lie aisA hI bhAva vyakta kiyA hai: "manujatA ke jIvana kA marma, Aha kI gaharAI le jAna / manujatA kI rakSA ke hetu, nichAvara kara de apane prANa // " bhautika jar3avAda ne mAnava ko svArthI, lobhI, nirdaya banA diyA hai| AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' meM isa bhautikavAda kI ora pAThakoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai, jisake viSama pariNAma parilakSita hote haiM : . "kali-kAla kI vaiSayika chA~va meM/prAyaH yahI sIkhA hai isa vizva ne vaizyavRtti ke pariveza meM-/vezyAvRtti kI vaiyAvRtya..!" (pR. 217) / "andhakAra-maya bhaviSya kI AbhA,/jo/maulika vastuoM ke upabhoga se vimukha ho rahA hai saMsAra !/aura/laukika vastuoM ke upabhoga meM pramukha ho rahA hai, dhikkAra !" (pR. 411) 'vaidehI vanavAsa' meM ayodhyAsiMha upAdhyAya 'hariaudha' ne bhI bhautikatA kI nindA kI hai, jo svArtha bhAvanA ke vaiSamya ko utpanna karatI hai : "bhautikatA meM yadi hai jar3avAditA/AdhyAtmikatA madhya cinmayI zakti hai| AdhyAtmikatA kA pracAra kartavya hai/jisase yathAsamaya bhava kA hita ho sake // " (vaidehI vanavAsa : hariaudha) ___ 'mUkamATI' meM santa-kavi ne 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' kI bhAvanA ko sAkAra kara diyA hai / AtmAnubhUti ke lie saccI AsthA kI AvazyakatA hai| AsthA se sAdhanA meM saralatA aura jIvana meM sArthakatA AtI hai, yathA : "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai| AsthA ke tAroM para hI/sAdhanA kI a~guliyA~/calatI haiM sAdhaka kI, sArthaka jIvana meM taba/svarAtIta saragama jharatI hai !" (pR. 9) aisA hI aTala AsthAvAdI bhAva 'sAketa' meM guptajI ne ina paMktiyoM meM vyakta kiyA hai, yathA : "rAma, tuma mAnava ho ? Izvara nahIM ho kyA ? vizva meM rame hue nahIM sabhI kahIM ho kyA ? taba maiM nirIzvara hU~, Izvara kSamA kareM;
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________________ 242 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tuma na ramo to mana tumameM ramA kre|" __bhAratIya saMskRti-Arya saMskRti kI vijaya sthApita karanA pratyeka kavi kA karma rahA hai / asat para sat kI vijaya hI kavi kA abhipreta rahatA hai / guptajI ne 'sAketa' meM Arya-saMskRti kA Adarza nimna paMktiyoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai : "maiM AryoM kA Adarza batAne AyA, jana sammukha dhana ko tuccha jatAne aayaa| sukha zAnti hetu maiM krAnti macAne AyA, vizvAsI kA vizvAsa bacAne aayaa| maiM AyA unake hetu ki jo tApita haiM jo vivaza, vikala, balahIna, dIna zApita haiN|" 'mUkamATI'kAra ne sukha-zAnti kI jananI bhAratIya saMskRti kI ora saMketa karate hue likhA hai : 0 "mahAmanA jisa ora/abhiniSkramaNa kara gaye/saba kucha taja kara, vana gaye nagna, apane meM magna bana gaye/usI ora . unhIM kI anukrama nirdezikA bhAratIya saMskRti hai sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai|" (pR. 102-103) "'hI' pazcimI-sabhyatA hai/'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka/rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thaa| yahI kAraNa ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhii|" (pR. 173) " 'bhI' ke Asa-pAsa/bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya, kintu bhIr3a nahIM,/'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai|" (pR. 173) 'satyameva jayate' sAhitya kA satya hai / isa satya kA udghATana evaM sampoSaNa kavi kA abhipreta hotA hai / yahI satya jIvana kA satya banakara, jIvana ko sArthakatA pradAna karatA hai / mahAkAvyoM meM satya kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai : "satya se hI sthira hai saMsAra,/satya hI saba dharmoM kA sAra ! rAjya hI nahIM, prANa-parivAra,/satya para sakatA hU~ saba baar|" (sAketa : gupta) "Truth is God."- satya hI Izvara hai / asat kA jJAna aura usase chuTakArA pAnA hI satya kI pahacAna aura prApti hai / 'mUkamATI'kAra ne isI satya kI vyAkhyA kI hai : "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai|" (pR. 9) 0 "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai / " (pR. 37) 0 "adhikAra kA bhAva AnA/sampreSaNa kA durupayoga hai / " (pR. 23) "sahakAra kA bhAva AnA/sadupayoga hai, sArthaka hai|" (pR. 23) 0 "anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA/sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai|" (pR. 13)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 243 0 "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se harSamaya hotA hai|" (pR. 14) 'atithidevo bhava' -atithi satkAra bhAratIya saMskRti kA eka Adarza hai| atithi ke binA tithiyoM kA bhI mahattva nahIM hai / 'mUkamATI' kAra ne kahA hai ki atithi hI tithiyoM ko pUjya banAte haiM, yathA : "atithi ke binA kabhI/tithiyoM meM pUjyatA A nahIM sakatI atithi tithiyoM kA sampAdaka hai nA!" (pR. 335) 'sAketa' meM guptajI ne svayaM bhagavAn rAma dvArA atithi satkAra kA eka citrAMkana ina zabdoM meM aMkita kiyA "apanA AmaMtrita atithi mAna kara sabako, pahale parosa pAI tRpti dAna kara sabako prabhu ne svajanoM ke sAtha kiyA bhojana yoM, sevana karatA hai, maMda pavana upavana meN|" (sAketa : gupta) 'mUkamATI' sama-sAmayika AdhunikatA, rASTrIya cetanA, yugabodha, naitika mUlya, lokatantra, samAjavAda, samatA, loka kalyANa, vizva bandhutva, Adhunika bhautikavAdI bhogalipsA kA tyAga, karmazIla jIvana kI preraNA evaM nArI ke samyak mUlyAMkana jaisI vizeSatAoM se samAviSTa hai / katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM / 'dhRti-dhAriNI dharatI ko 'mUkamATI' kAra ne isa prakAra abhivyaMjita kiyA hai : "dharatI zabda kA bhI bhAva/viloma rUpa se yahI nikalatA haighara"tI tIra"dha/yAnI,/jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai yA zaraNAgata ko/tIra para dharatI hai/vahI dharatI kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 452) isa dharatI para sabako samAna adhikAra hai / yadi pratyeka kA hita hotA hai to yahIM para lokatattva ko mahattva milatA hai| loka kalyANa kI yaha pavitra bhAvanA mahAkAvyoM meM isa prakAra abhivyakta huI hai : 0 "kevala unhIM ke liye nahIM yaha dharaNI,/hai auroM kI bhI bhAra dhAriNI bhrnnii| jaba pada ke bandhana mukti hetu haiM sabake/yadi niyama na ho ucchinna sabhI hoM kbke|" (sAketa: gupta) "dharmarAja, yaha bhUmi kisI kI/nahIM krIta hai dAsI, haiM janmanA samAna paraspara/isake sabhI nivaasii| hai saba ko adhikAra mRtti kA/poSaka-rasa pIne kA, vividha abhAvoM se azaMka hokara jaga meM jIne kaa| saba ko mukta prakAza cAhiye, ho -/sabako mukta samIraNa, bAdhA-rahita vikAsa, mukta/AzaMkAoM se jIvana / " (kurukSetra : dinakara) "loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a/taba taka surakSita rhegaa| jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa|/'bhii' se svacchandatA-madAndhatA miTatI hai svatantratA ke svapna sAkAra hote haiM,/sadvicAra sadAcAra ke bIja D .
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________________ 244 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'bhI' meM haiM, 'hI' meM nhiiN|/prbhu se prArthanA hai, ki/'hI' se hIna ho jagat yaha abhI ho yA kabhI bhI ho/'bhI' se bheMTa sabhI kI ho|" ('mUkamATI', pR. 173) 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam', vizva bandhutva, vizva zAnti aura saha-astitva kI pavitra bhAvanA se ota-prota uparyukta kathana kitanA mArmika evaM preraka hai| karma hI mAnava ko mahAn banAte haiM / sat-karmoM ke bala para hI hama vizva meM garimA prApta karate haiN| hamAre zreSTha karma to isa pRthvI para hI svarga banA sakate haiM, yathA : "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saMgo'stvakarmaNi // " (gItA, A. 2/48) AMgla kavi eca. DablyU. lAMgaphelo ne bhI aisA hI karmazIla bhAva nimna paMktiyoM meM vyakta kiyA hai : "Let us der be up and doing With a heart for any faith. Still achieving still persuing Learn to labour and to wait." santa kavi gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne karma kI vistRta mImAMsA karate hue likhA hai : ___ "karama pradhAna bisva kari rAkhA, jo jasa karai to tasa phalu caakhaa|" "sakala padAratha haiM jagamA~hI, karmahIna nara pAvata naahiiN|" (rAmacaritamAnasa : tulasI) 0 "sandeza yahA~ maiM nahIM svarga kA lAyA/isa bhUtala ko hI svarga banAne aayaa|" - "para jo merA guNa, karma, svabhAva ghareMge/ve auroM ko bhI tAra, pAra utreNge|" (sAketa : gupta) 0 "zrama hotA sabase amUlya dhana,/saba jana khUba kamAte, saba azaMka rahate abhAva se,/saba icchita sukha paate|" 0 "prakRti nahIM Dara kara jhukatI hai/kabhI bhAgya ke bala se, sadA hAratI vaha manuSya ke/udyama se, zramajala se // " (kurukSetra : dinakara) 'mUkamATI' meM santa kavi ne udyamI honA pragati kA pratIka mAnA hai / yathA - 'manavAMchita phala milanA hI udyama kI sImA hai|' "kabhI-kabhI/gati yA pragati ke abhAva meM/AzA ke pada ThaNDe par3ate haiM, dhRti, sAhasa, utsAha bhI/Aha bharate haiM,/mana khinna hotA hai/kintu yaha saba AsthAvAn puruSa ko/abhizApa nahIM hai,/varan / varadAna hI siddha hote haiM jo yamI, damI,/haradama udyamI hai| ...saMgharSamaya jIvana kA/upasaMhAra/niyamarUpa se/harSamaya hotA hai|" ('mUkamATI, pR. 13-14) 0000
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 245 saMskRta sAhitya meM bhI ullekha haiM ki udyamazIlatA se hI kArya kI siddhi hotI hai / etadviSayaka sUkti hai : "udyamena hi siddhayanti, kAryANi na manorathaiH / na hi suptasya siMhasya, pravizanti mukhe mRgAH / " 'kalA kalA ke lie' athavA 'kalA jIvana ke lie' yaha prazna Aja bhI jvalanta hai| isakA samAdhAna sAhityakAroM ne avazya kiyA hai, yathA : 0 O 'mUkamATI' meM sAhitya aura kalA viSayaka avadhAraNA nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM vyakta kI gaI hai : "kalA zabda svayaM kaha rahA ki / 'ka' yAnI AtmA - sukha hai 'lA' yAnI lAnA - detA hai / koI bhI kalA ho D "kevala manoraMjana hI na kavi kA karma honA cAhiye / "" usameM ucita uddezya kA bhI marma honA cAhiye / / ' "ho rahA hai jo jahA~, so ho rahA,/ yadi vahI hamane kahA to kyA kahA ? kintu honA cAhiye kaba, kyA, kahA~ ? / vyakta karatI hai kalA hI yaha yahA~ / mAnate haiM jo kalA ke artha ho, / svArthinI karate kalA ko vyartha hI // ' "" (sAketa : gupta ) m kalA mAtra se jIvana meM / sukha - zAnti - sampannatA AtI hai|" (pR. 396) " hita se jo yukta - samanvita hotA hai / vaha sahita mAnA hai / aura sahita kA bhAva hI / sAhitya bAnA hai, / artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se / sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai / anyathA, / surabhi se virahita puSpa- sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha / sAra - zUnya zabda - jhuNDa ..! ... zAnti kA zvAsa letA / sArthaka jIvana ho / bhraSTA hai zAzvata sAhitya kA / isa sAhitya ko / A~kheM bhI par3ha sakatI haiM / kAna bhI suna sakate haiM isa kI sevA hAtha bhI kara sakate haiM / yaha sAhitya jIvanta hai nA !" (pR. 111 ) bhAratIya sAhitya meM nArI ke AdarzarUpa ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai : "yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH / yatraitAstu na pUjyante sarvAstatrAphalAH kriyAH || " Arya saMskRti kA yaha Adarza 'mUkamATI' meM sAkAra ho uThA hai| nArI eka zakti hai| vaha puruSa kI sahacarI hai| usameM sAgara jaisI gambhIratA, AkAza jaisI vizAlatA aura pRthvI jaisI kSamAzIlatA samAviSTa hai / vaha pUjyA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM nArI ke aneka rUpoM kI navIna vyAkhyA huI hai, jo Adarza, nitAnta maulika aura stutya bhI hai, yathA : 66 O 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama / 'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma- - puruSArthoM meM / puruSa ko kuzala - saMyata banAtI hai
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________________ 246 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 O O O anya kaviyoM ne bhI anusAra nArI kA eka rUpa : O O 0 so... 'strI' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205 ) "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA / zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana- sArI mitratA / muphta milatI rahatI inase / yahI kAraNa hai ki / inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' / yAnI 'na ari' nArI / athavA / ye ArI nahIM haiM / sonArI !" (pR.202) " avagama' - jJAnajyoti lAtI hai, / timira - tAmasatA miTAkara jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai/ 'abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha !" (pR. 203) "anAgata kI AzAoM se / pUrI taraha haTAkara / 'aba' yAnI Agata-vartamAna meM lAtI hai/ abalA kahalAtI hai vaha..!" (pR. 203) "balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai / na balA " so abalA / " (pR. 203 ) nArI mahimA kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai / sva. rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta Adi ke "abalA jIvana hAya tumhArI yahI kahAnIA~cala meM hai dUdha aura A~khoM meM pAnI / / " 'avaza - abalA' tuma? sakala bala vIratA, / vizva kI gambhIratA, dhruva dhIratA / bali tumhArI eka bA~kI dRSTi para, / mara rahI hai, jI rahI hai sRSTi bhara / " (sAketa : gupta ) 66 x x x "nArI tuma kevala zraddhA ho, / vizvAsa - rajata- naga-pagatala meMpIyUSa - srota - sI bahA karo / jIvana 'sundara samatala meM || " "bhUla gaye puruSatva moha meM / kucha sattA hai nArI kI / samaratA hI siddhAnta banI/ adhikRta aura adhikArI kI / / " ( kAmAyanI : prasAda) x x x "nArI dharatI se ambara taka / bIja sRjana ke botI / vizva cunautI bana jAye yadi / nata nayanoM ke motI // kaha na sake koI nArI ko / A~kha uThAkara abalA / hara nArI bana jAye durgA - / vINA vAdinI kamalA // vizva zAnti ho jAye kSaNa meM / bahe prema kI dhArA / samatA kA sAgara laharAye / camake bhAgya sitArA // " ( nArI dharatI se ambara taka : jalaja) bhAgya aura puruSArtha bhautika yuga ke chalAvA haiN| qismata, kudarata aura hikamata - ye tIna zabda hI jIvana ko apane jAla meM pha~sAe haiN| jo nirdhana haiM, ve bhAgya ko kosate haiM aura jo prapaMca se saMgraha karate haiM ve puruSArthI kahalAte
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 247 haiM, jabaki 'mUkamATI' kAra ne 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' kI saccI paribhASA kI hai, jo jIvana ko sArthakatA pradAna karatI yathA : O kintu yahA~ ajJAnI ho yA navabhAgyavAdI, vaha bhautikatA taka hI socatA hai, yathA- 'kAyaratA kA eka sahArA, daiva-daiva AlasI pukArA / ' O O D 'ni' yAnI nija meM ho/ 'yati' yAnI yatana - sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai / nizcaya se yahI yati hai, / aura 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA - paramAtmA hai / 'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai AtmA ko chor3akara/saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI / sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 349) "" O " pUcho kisI bhAgyavAdI se, / yadi vidhi - aMka prabala hai, pada para kyoM na detI svayaM / vasudhA nija ratana ugala hai ?" " eka manuja saMcita karatA hai / artha pApa ke bala se, aura bhogatA use dUsarA / bhAgyavAda ke chala se || " " lobha - nAginI ne viSa phU~kA, / zurU ho gayI corI, lUTa, mAra, zoSaNa, prahAra, / chInA-jhapaTI, bara jorii| chinna-bhinna ho gayI zrRMkhalA / nara samAja kI sArI, lagI DUbane kolAhala ke / bIca mahI becArI / " " eka pantha hai chor3a jagat ko / apane meM rama jAo, khojo apanI mukti aura / nija ko hI sukhI banAo / apara pantha hai, auroM ko bhI /nija viveka-bala de kara, pahu~co svarga-loka meM jaga se / sAtha bahuta ko le kara / " (kurukSetra : dinakara ) isIlie 'mUkamATI' kAra ne nayA sandeza diyA hai : " 'aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM, / jana-saMgraha karo ! / aura / lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalitakA / samucita vitaraNa karo / anyathA, / dhanahInoM meM corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiM / / corI mata karo, corI mata karo yaha kahanA kevala / dharma kA nATaka hai / uparila sabhyatA" upacAra !" (pR. 467-468) 'mUkamATI' adhyAtma kA laharAtA sAgara hai / isameM mukhyata: adhyAtma hai| sAtha hI darzana, dharma aura siddhAnta jaise durUha aura kliSTa viSayoM ko bhI sarala, subodha bhASA meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| yathA adhyAtma aura darzana digdarzana : "svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai / / aneka saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vyasta jIvana darzana kA hotA hai / / bahirmukhI yA bahumukhI pratibhA hI darzana kA pAna karatI hai, / antarmukhI, bandamukhI cidAbhA
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________________ 248 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA siddhAnta : O O m niraMjana kA gAna karatI hai / / darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai -vicAra, adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai / sarvathA stabdha - nirvicAra ! eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI / eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhI / " (pR. 288 - 289 ) 'adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai / darzana parAdhIna upanayana 66 darzana meM darza nahIM zuddhatattva kA/ darzana ke Asa-pAsa hI ghUmatI hai Tea aura vitathatA / yAnI, / kabhI satya-rUpa kabhI asatya - rUpa hotA hai mAnava kI sat O 66 darzana, jabaki / adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI / bhAsvata hotA hai / " (pR. 288 ) "utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya-yuktaM sat" / santoM se yaha sUtra milA hai isameM ananta kI astimA / simaTa - sI gaI hai / ... aise hI karmazIla jagat kI mImAMsA 'kAmAyanI' evaM 'kurukSetra' meM bhI kI gaI hai, yathA : O "yaha nIr3a manohara kRtiyoM kA / yaha vizva karma raMgasthala hai; hai paramparA laga rahI yahA~ / ThaharA jisameM jitanA bala hai / " ( kAmAyanI : prasAda ) " karmabhUmi hai nikhila mahItala, / jaba taka nara kI kAyA, taba taka hai jIvana ke aNu - aNu / meM kartavya samAyA / kriyA - dharma ko chor3a manuja / kaise nija sukha pAyegA ? karma rahegA sAtha, bhAga vaha / jahA~ kahIM jAyegA / " (kurukSetra : dinakara) AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana- utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira - dhrauvya hai / aura hai yAnI cira-sat / yahI satya hai yahI tathya..!" (pR. 184-185) " prati vastu jina bhAvoM ko janma detI hai / unhIM bhAvoM se miTatI bhI vaha, vahIM samAhita hotI hai / / yaha bhAvoM kA milana - miTana sahaja svAzrita hai / aura / anAdi - anidhana..!" (pR. 282-283) vaijJAnika yuga kI mAnava dRSTi kA yathArtha citra ina zabdoM meM vyakta kara 'mUkamATI' kAra ne yuga bodha karAyA hai| mArga cunanA hI hai to zivakArI hI cunanA cAhie, yathA : "6 'isa yuga ke / do mAnava / apane Apa ko / khonA cAhate haiM - / eka bhoga-rAga ko / madya-pAna ko / cunatA hai; / aura eka / yoga-tyAga ko Atma- dhyAna ko / dhunatA hai / / kucha hI kSaNoM meM / donoM hote vikalpoM se mukta / phira kyA kahanA ! / eka zava ke samAna / nirA par3A hai, aura eka/ziva ke samAna / kharA utarA hai|" (pR.286) aura asat vRttiyoM kA aisA varNana nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM vyakta huA hai, yathA : "yaha manuja, jo jJAna kA AgAra ! / yaha manuja, jo sRSTi kA zRMgAra ! suna bhUlo nahIM, soco- vicAro kRtya / yaha manuja, saMhAra - sevI, vAsanA kA nRtya /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 249 chadma isakI kalpanA, pASaNDa isakA jJAna/yaha manuSya manuSyatA kA ghoratama apamAna!" 0 "isase bar3hakara manuja-vaMza kA/aura patana kyA hogA? mAnavIya gaurava kA bolo,/aura hanana kyA hogA ?" (kurukSetra : dinakara) 'mUkamATI' samakAlIna saMskRti, dharma, darzana, samAja, rAjanIti, arthanIti kA darpaNa bana gayA hai| mAnava samAja meM vyApta dhana-lolupatA ne pavitra bandhanoM ko bhI vyAvasAyika anubandha banA diyA hai / jIvana, Aja jIvana hI nahIM, vyApAra bana gayA hai, yathA : "...kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|/praay: anucita rUpa se/sevakoM se sevA lete aura/vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hii|/ye apane ko batAte manu kI santAna !/mahAmanA mAnava !/dene kA nAma sunate hI inake udAra hAthoM meM/pakSAghAta ke lakSaNa dikhane lagate haiM, phira bhI, ekAdha bUMda ke rUpa meM/jo kucha diyA jAtA yA denA par3atA/vaha durbhAvanA ke sAtha hii|/jise pAne vAle pacA na pAte sahI anyathA/hamArA rudhira lAla hokara bhI/itanA durgandha kyoM ?" (pR. 386-387) anekAnta darzana ko syAdvAdamayI zailI meM apanAne se sampUrNa saMsAra meM lokatantra kI jar3eM majabUta hogI aura vizva zAnti tathA vizva kalyANa kA mArga prazasta hogA, jisase vizvavijayinI mAnavatA kI pratiSThA hogii| santa-kavi ne lokatantrAtmaka bhAvanA nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM vyakta kI hai : - "loka meM lokatantra kA nIr3a/taba taka surakSita rahegA jaba taka 'bhI' zvAsa letA rhegaa|" (pR. 173) - "hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha !" (pR. 172-173) sacce lokatantra kA yahI pratIka hai| 'mUkamATI kAra ke anusAra Aja vartamAna gaNatantrIya nyAya-vyavasthA eka dikhAvA bana gaI hai| nyAya kI lambI prakriyA, kAnUna kA andhA honA, rizvatakhorI aura artha kI prabhutA ke kAraNa aparAdha pravRtti kama hone ke bajAya bar3hatI jA rahI hai, kyoMki : 0 "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hm| ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ?/yaha to zuddha 'dhana-tantra' hai/yA manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) "AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai / aura yahI huA isa yuga meM isa ke saath|" (pR. 272)
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________________ 250 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yuga-cetanA ko jAgRta karane vAlI 'mUkamATI' kI ye mArmika paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM : / "anyAya mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle/rAvaNa jaise zatruoM para raNAMgaNa meM kUdakara/rAma jaise/zrama-zIloM kA hAtha uThanA hI kaliyuga meM sat-yuga lA sakatA hai,/dharatI para''yahIM pr|" (pR. 362) 0 "satpuruSoM se milane vAlA/vacana-vyApAra kA prayojana parahita-sampAdana hai/aura/pApI-pAtakoM se milane vAlA vacana-vyApAra kA prayojana/parahita-palAyana, pIr3A hai|" (pR. 402) vartamAna rAjanIti meM vyApta svArthaparatA, pada-lolupatA aura bhAI-bhatIjAvAda ne bahuta dalavAda ko janma diyA hai / lokatantra meM rAjanaitika daloM kA honA anivArya hai, kintu daloM kA dala-dala nahIM / svatantratA, svAyattatA, rASTrIya ekatA, dharma nirapekSatA, zAnti, nyAya, nAgarika kalyANa Adi ko surakSita karane ke lie tathA deza kI niraMkuza sattA kI manamAnI para aMkuza lagAne ke lie rAjanaitika daloM kI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa hotI hai, kintu dalagata kutsita rAjanIti se saMcAlita dala rASTra ko ahitakara hI siddha hote haiM / dala-bahulatA ke duSpariNAma santa-kavi ke zabdoM meM : "dala-bahulatA zAnti kI hananI hai nA!/jitane vicAra, utane pracAra utanI cAla-DhAla/hAlA-ghulI jala-tA/klAnti kI jananI hai nA ! tabhI to/ativRSTi kA, anAvRSTi kA/aura akAla-varSA kA samarthana ho rahA yahA~ para !" (pR. 197) svArthI, dambhI aura lobhI manuSyoM ke mana meM jaba taka 'saba ke udaya' kI bAta nahIM panapatI, taba taka samAjavAda kA sapanA sAkAra nahIM ho sakatA / ahaMvAda ke poSaka samAjavAda kA nArA lagAte haiM, jo hAsyAspada lagatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM santa-kavi ne batalAyA hai ki sahI samAjavAda to yaha hai : "samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha/aura/samUha yAnI sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai| kula milA kara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM sAmayika prasaMgoM ko paryApta rUpa se sameTA gayA hai / yatra-tatra bikhare udAharaNa marma para coTa karane meM tIkhe, sazakta evaM prabhAvI haiM / katipaya sAmayika evaM mArmika vyaMgya kRtrima dharmAndhatA, AdhunikatA, janasaMkhyA, maha~gAI, berojagArI aura arthAndhatA para karArI coTa karate haiM, yathA : 0 "are, dhanikoM kA dharma damadAra hotA hai,/unakI kRpA kRpaNatA para hotI hai, unake milana se kucha milatA nahIM,/kAkatAlIya-nyAya se/kucha mila bhI jAya vaha milana lavaNa-mizrita hotA hai/pala meM pyAsa dugunI ho uThatI hai|" (pR.385) 0 "kyA sadaya-hRdaya bhI Aja/pralaya kA pyAsA bana gayA ? kyA tana-saMrakSaNa hetu/dharma hI becA jA rahA hai ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 251 kyA dhana-saMvardhana hetu/zarma hI becI jA rahI hai ?" (pR. 201) "kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara pAkara |/aur/prbhu-stuti meM tatpara surIlI bA~surI bhI/bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai prabhu-patha para calanevAloM ko/samaya kI balihArI hai|" (pR. 73) ""vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai 'vasu' yAnI -dhana-dravya/'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) "aba-dhana saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!" (pR. 467) 0 "prAya: yahI sIkhA hai vizva ne/vaizyavRtti ke pariveza meM vezyAvRtti kI vaiyAvRtya ..!" (pR. 217) 0 "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|" (pR. 434) - "sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo/svAzrita jIvana jiyA karo, kapaTatA kI paTatA ko/jalAMjali do!" (pR. 387) 0 "artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai / " (pR. 192) Aja sampUrNa jagat ko zAnti kI AvazyakatA hai / ahaM kI pravRtti ne mAnava ko patita kara diyA hai / sarvatra AtaMkavAdI pravRttiyA~ mukhara ho rahI haiM / bahirjagat to pUrNata: AtaMkita hai hI, antarjagat bhI viSaya-kaSAya, bhogavilAsa ke vikAroM se AtaMkita hai| jaba taka hamAre antarjagat meM sadvicAra, sadvRttiyoM kA sphuraNa nahIM hotA aura ve AcaraNa meM nahIM AtIM, taba taka sukha-zAnti kI khoja adhUrI hI rahegI aura hama vijJAna kI andherI daur3a meM daur3ate raheMgesazaMka / aNu-paramANu kI zakti kA sadupayoga mAnava kalyANa kI dizA meM aura apanI Atma-zAnti kA sadupayoga Atma-kalyANa kI dizA meM karanA hogA, anyathA AtaMkavAda kA prabala prabhAva hI naz2ara AegA, kintu saMkalpa zakti ke samakSa asat ko ghuTane Tekane hI par3ate haiM aura sadaiva hotA hai 'satyameva jayate' : 0 "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, ye kAna aba/AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate, . yaha jIvana bhI kRta-saMkalpita hai ki/usakA rahe yA isakA yahA~ astitva eka kA rhegaa|" ('mUkamATI', pR. 441) "nyAyocita sukha sulabha nahIM/jaba taka mAnava-mAnava ko, caina kahA~ dharatI para, taba taka/zAnti kahA~ isa bhava ko ? jaba taka manuja-manuja kA yaha/sukha-bhAga nahIM sama hogA, zamita na hogA kolAhala,/saMgharSa nahIM kama hogaa|" (kurukSetra : dinakara) vistRta vivecana ke pazcAt niSkarSata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se vizva jIvana ko prerita
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________________ 252 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karane vAlA mahAn mAnavatAvAdI sandeza prasArita huA, jo samagra mAnava jAti kI thAtI hai / isa mahAkAvya ke jIvanadarzana meM aisI sAMskRtika, dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika mAnavIya niSThAe~ pratiphalita huI haiM, jo ananta kAla taka mAnava jAti kI preraNA kA ajasra srota bana kara use AplAvita karatI rheNgii| sAhityika mahattva kI dRSTi se mahAkAvya kAvya kI rUpa-racanA meM mahAkAvyatva kA jo vikAsa huA hai, vaha mahattvapUrNa sRjanAtmaka evaM kAvyazAstrIya upalabdhi kahI jaaegii| _ anta meM, vidvAn lekhaka lakSmIcandra jaina kA yaha kathana uddhRta karanA prAsaMgika kartavya samajhatA hU~ : "yaha kRti adhika parimANa meM kAvya hai yA adhyAtma, kahanA kaThina hai / lekina nizcaya hI yaha hai Adhunika jIvana kA abhinava zAstra / aura, jisa prakAra zAstra kA zraddhApUrvaka svAdhyAya karanA hotA hai, guru se jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna prApta karanA hotA hai, usI prakAra isakA adhyayana aura manana adbhuta sukha aura santoSa degA, aisA vizvAsa hai / " ('prastavana pR. XVII) __ antata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' ko uddezya, kathAvastu, caritra tattva, jIvana darzana, zilpa vidhAna, rasa, alaMkAra, chanda, bhASA, zailI, zIrSaka evaM navIna parikalpanA Adi ke samucita mAnadaNDoM kI kasauTI para kasane para yaha sahaja hI eka anupama Adhunika mahAkAvya kI garimA se maNDita ho jAtA hai / santa-kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke sampUrNa sAhitya kA siMhAvalokana karane para yaha kahanA samIcIna hogA ki santa-kavi ne kAvya kI vistRta paTa-bhUmi para apanI virAT, sadhI tUlikA se jo citra A~ke haiM, unake raMga na kabhI dhuMdhale hoMge aura na kabhI rekhAe~ hI mitteNgii| pRSThaM 100 hameM apane zIla-svabhASa se/--... dAga nahIM lagA pAtIM vaha
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : svAnubhUtimayI racanAdharmitA kA paryAya DaoN. rAjamaNi zarmA "kavitA karanA ananta puNya kA phala hai" - mahAkavi dArzanika cintaka jayazaMkara prasAda kI yaha ukti apane Apa meM eka gambhIra artha sameTe hue hai / kavi-karma sAdhAraNa mAnavIyatA se dUra, bahuta dUra, isa loka se pare kI vastu hai| isalie jaba kAvya hetu aura prayojana para dRSTi jAtI hai to bhAratIya samIkSakoM kA yaha mata bhI spaSTa ubharatA hai ki pratibhA vyutpatti aura abhyAsa jahA~ kavitA kI upaja ke vaiyaktika kAvya hetu bana sakate haiM, vahIM kavitA kI sArthakatA puruSArtha catuSTaya - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa rUpa meM hai / tAtparya yaha ki sabhI kavitA nahIM kara sakate / yaha unhIM meM aMkurita hotI hai jinameM tadanukUla pratibhA hotI hai aura vyutpattiparaka medhA sakriya rahatI hai| nizcaya hI mAnava bhale hI bAhara se eka se dikhate haiM kintu sabhI meM inakA vaiSamya spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| isakA kAraNa kyA hai ? mana sIdhe uttara detA hai - ananta puNya kI kamI - besI / pApa aura puNya ko paribhASita karanA kaThina hai| kintu mAnavIya kalyANa-kAmanA nizcaya hI puNya hai| yaha puNya saMcita hokara puMja rUpa meM mAnavatA kI kalyANa kAmanA ke lie ujAgara hotA hai / svayaM ko sAmAjika pariveza ke sAtha lekara calanA, samAja ko apanI saMvedanAoM ke anukUla DhAlanA, apanI bhAvanAoM kA unameM sampreSaNa hI sAhitya hai / aura isakA kAraNa jahA~ ananta puNya kA phala hai, vahIM ise sampreSita karane kA AdhAra jJAnarAzi kA saMcita koza hai| spaSTata: kavitA eka tarapha racanAkAra ke sAdharmya kA sAkSAt hai to dUsarI tarapha usakI vidvattA, jJAna ke koza kA paricAyaka bhI / tAtparya yaha hai ki anubhUti kI saghanatA kI sAdhanA kavitA kI kasauTI hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara mAnavatA kI kalyANa kAmanA ke lie tapasyArata vaha akSuNNa mAnavIya vibhUti haiM jo darzana evaM loka kA tAdAtmyIkaraNa karate haiN| ve kArya aura kAraNa kI khoja meM prayatnazIla haiN| yaha khoja saMsAra kI vaha cAbI hai jo apane samAdhAna meM saMsArI mohagrasta jIva ko bhramaNa se mukta karatI hai| manuSya ko isa mohagrastatA se mukti dilAne se bar3A kalyANakArI kArya aura kyA ho sakatA hai ? ve yaha bhI anubhava karate haiM ki 'cetana sambandhI kArya ho yA acetana sambandhI, binA kisI kAraNa se usakI utpatti sambhava nahIM' aura tabhI ve apane kAvya kA viSaya banAte haiM - mATI ko, mUkamATI ko / aura yaha mUka mATI loka nahIM, loka se bahuta dUra hameM usa Ananda rUpa paramatattva kA sAkSAtkAra karAtI hai jisameM zRMgAra bhI vairAgya kA bodha karAtA hai jo samIkSakoM ke dRSTipatha kA nirmAtA hai aura jisane 'saMkara-doSa' se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha varNa-lAbha ko mAnava jIvana kA audArya va sAphalya mAnA hai; jisane zuddha sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai, aisI racanA hai- 'mUkamATI' / racanAkAra svayaM tapa rUpI agni kI A~ca meM dagdha hokara kharA sonA jaisA apanI racanA ke mAdhyama se khar3A hai| yaha tapa, loka se dUra alaga-thalaga rahakara tapasyA pratIta nahIM hotA apitu yugIna cetanA, sAmayika yugIna cetanA yA yoM kahie sArvakAlika yA sArvayugIna cetanA se anuprANita hokara loka se jur3I hotI hai, aisI cetanA jo hara kAla ke lie prAsaMgika bane / kabIra, sUra, tulasI, premacanda, hajArIprasAda dvivedI, nirAlA, muktibodha Adi racanAkAra kAla kI sImA ke bAhara Akara bhI prAsaMgika bane hue haiM / kAraNa spaSTa hai, kI anubhUti vaha bhogI huI anubhUti hai jo kAla kI sImA, bandhana ke pare hara kAla ke lie prAsaMgika banatI hai / 'mUkamATI' ke racanAkAra kI anubhUti bhI aisI hI hai jo mATI ke Atmakathana ke rUpa meM usakI Atma pIr3A aura zoSaNa anubhUti ko abhivyakta kara jAtI hai :
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________________ 254 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, adhama pApiyoM se/pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !" (pR. 4) yaha zAzvata satya 'mUkamATI' kI abhivyakti banakara ubharA hai jo nirantara zoSaNa ke zikaMje meM grasta hai, parantu zoSita meM hI satya kI, jIvana satya kI, sambhAvanA hotI hai| tabhI to AcAryapravara ne mATI ko mA~ dharatI ke rUpa meM kahA "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA!/prati-sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM/utthAna-patana kI,/khasakhasa ke dAne-sA bahuta choTA hotA hai/bar3a kA bIja vaha !" (pR. 7) ise patita jAnane ke pIche, apane zoSaNa kI anubhUti ke pIche prabhu ke gurutama rUpa kI pahacAna hai| yaha pahacAna jIva ko U~cAI ke carama para pahu~cA detI hai| yaha pahacAna manuSya meM AsthA kI sarjaka hai / AsthA hI jIvana kA rahasya hai| beTI (mATI) kI pIr3A, mA~ (dharatI) kA 'beTA' zabda se sambodhita beTI ko udbodhana, mA~ dvArA kumbhakAra ke Ane kA saMketa aura kumbhakAra dvArA mATI ko khodane kI prakriyA, kumbhakAra evaM mATI kI vArtA, gandha kI pIr3A se mATI kA dravita honA Adi prasaMgoM dvArA 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' khaNDa meM jar3a se cetana rUpa meM mATI kI vaha gAthA vyakta hai, jo Aja taka avyakta rahI hai / aura yaha gAthA, jIvana kI vaha gAthA hai jisameM svayaM naSTa hokara dUsare ko sukha pahu~cAtA hai| mATI bhI yahI kara rahI hai| para vaha apane astitva kA saMkaTa bhUlakara apane kAraNa dUsare ko duHkhI nahIM karanA cAhatI "borI meM se mATI/kSaNa-kSaNa/chana-chana kara chilana ke chedoM meM jA/mRdutama marahama/banI jA rahI hai|" (pR. 35) 'mUkamATI' meM prabandha kAvya ke avasarAnukUla kahIM kavi prAkRtika dRzyoM kI yojanA meM ramA huA dikhAI detA hai aura kahIM parama tattva kI khoja kI ora unmukha pratIta hotA hai| eka AkarSaka sarvopayogI pAtra ke rUpa meM pariNata hone ke lie 'mATI' ko vibhinna prakriyAoM, parIkSaNoM, saMgharSoM Adi se guz2aranA hotA hai, isakA sUkSmatama vivecana isa khaNDa meM draSTavya hai / choTe-choTe jIvoM, jar3a tattvoM se mATI kI vArtA yA unakA mAnavIkaraNa kavi ke racanAtmaka kauzala kA pramANa haiN| mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara kA lakSya hai-"vasudhaiva kuTumbakam", parantu bhArata Aja isake mUla artha se bahuta haTa gayA hai| vaha bhautikatAvAdI sukhoM kI ora bhAga rahA hai, yathA : "isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai/vasu yAnI dhana-dravya dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) aura ve yaha bhI anubhava karate haiM : "dUsaroM kI pIr3A-zalya meM/hama nimitta avazya haiM/isI kAraNa hama zUla haiM tathApi/sadA hameM zUla ke rUpa meM hI dekhanA/bar3I bhUla hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 255 kabhI-kabhI zUla bhI/adhika komala hote haiM/"phUla se bhii|" (pR.99) manuSya apanI asat bhAvanAoM ke kAraNa vaiyaktika ahita karane vAle se badalA lene kI bhAvanA se grasta jIva hai, isa sUkSmatama manobhAva (dveSa) ko bhI kavi ne chor3A nhiiN| isakI nirarthakatA itihAsa ke pannoM se vaha siddha karatA hai aura kavivara kA sandeza hai ki manuSya ko badale kI bhAvanA se nahIM, paropakAra kI bhAvanA se Abaddha rahanA caahie| 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM - isa mahAkAvya kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa, sArthaka (dUsarA) khaNDa hai, jisameM kavi kI racanAdharmitA mAnavIya guNoM kI hara mahattA kA parIkSaNa karatI pratIta hotI hai / yahA~ navoM rasoM ko paribhASita kiyA gayA hai / vastuta: uccAraNa, mAtra 'zabda' hai, zabda kA sampUrNa artha samajhanA bodha' hai aura isa bodha ko anubhUti meM, AcaraNa meM utAranA 'zodha' hai| nizcaya hI yaha khaNDa racanAkAra kI racanAdharmitA kA sAkSI bana gayA hai : "mATI ke prANoM meM jA,/pAnI ne vahA~/nava-prANa pAyA hai, jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai|" (pR. 89) tIsarA khaNDa 'mATI' kI vikAsa yAtrA kA pratIka bana par3A hai, jisake dvArA puNya karma kA sampAdana hotA hai aura puNya sampAdana hI mAnava kI upalabdhi hai| yaha upalabdhi motiyoM kI varSA ke rUpa meM hai / yadyapi ye motiyA~ kumbhakAra kI thIM, kintu kumbhakAra ni:zeSa bhAva se inheM rAjA ko sauMpa detA hai : "kRpApAtra para kRpA karo/yaha nidhi svIkAra kara/isa para upakAra karo! ise upahAra mata samajho/yaha ApakA hI hAra hai, shRNgaar|" (pR. 220) racanAkAra kI dRSTi puNya upArjana ke mAdhyamoM kI khoja meM dara-dara bhaTakatI huI, antata: loka maMgala kI bhAvanA ko isakA AdhAra banAtI hai| yaha loka maMgala, jo manuSya ko jar3atva se mukti dilAe evaM patana ke garta se nikAle, isI kI khoja AcArya zukla bhI kavitA meM karate haiM aura isI bhAvanA ko kavitA ke parIkSaNa kA AdhAra bhI banAte haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke kavi bhI ise aura puSTa karate pratIta hote haiM : "jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara/muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara/uttuMga-utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai |/yhii dayA-dharma hai|" (pR.193) 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' nAmaka cauthe khaNDa meM kumbhakAra ne ghaTa ko AkAra de diyA hai aura aba use avA meM tapAne kI taiyArI hai / samUcI prakriyA kAvyabaddha hai / ina prakriyAoM ke bIca babUla kI lakar3I kI vyathA-gAthA varNita hai / isameM lakar3iyoM ke jalane-bujhane kI kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha kumbhakAra dvArA unheM prajvalita karane kI prakriyA sAkAra ho uThI hai / aura isa kriyA meM kumbha kI agni se abhivyakti parama dhArmika bana par3I hai : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / doSa ajIva haiM,/naimittika haiM,/bAhara se Agata haiM kathaMcit; guNa jIvagata haiM,/guNa kA svAgata hai|
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________________ 256 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA tumheM paramArtha milegA isa kArya se / " (pR. 277) antataH kumbha paka, tapa uThatA hai aura isakA upayoga hai AhAra dAna ke lie padhAre guru kA pAda prakSAlana evaM tRSA kI tRpti / zraddhAlu nagara seTha kA sevaka kumbha le jAne ke pahale sAta bAra bajAkara usakA parIkSaNa karatA hai aura isameM se nikale sAta svaroM ko AcAryapravara ne manuSya kI cetanA kA patha pradarzaka banA diyA hai : " sAre gama yAnI / sabhI prakAra ke duHkha pa Mdha yAnI ! pada-svabhAva / aura / ni yAnI nahIM, du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva - dharma nahIM ho sakatA / " (pR. 305 ) sAdhu ke AhAra dAna kI prakriyA jIva kI mukti kA mArga hai aura isa mArga kA mAdhyama hai santoSa : 'mUkamATI' ke 'prastavana' lekhaka zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ke anusAra : "prasaMgoM kA, bAta meM se bAta kI udbhAvanA kA, tattva-cintana ke U~ce choroM ko dekhane-sunane kA, aura laukika tathA pAralaukika jijJAsAoM evaM anveSaNoM kA eka vicitra chavi-ghara hai yaha caturtha khaNDa / " yaha caturtha khaNDa pUjA aura upAsanA dvArA jIva mukti kA eka mAdhyama hai| AcAryapravara isI rAha ke rAhI haiM aura ve inake upakaraNoM meM jIvantatA kA darzana pAte haiN| vaha jIvanta vArtAlApa ke mAdhyama se mAnavIya bhAvanAoM, guNa aura avaguNa ko abhivyakta karate haiN| nizcita hI yahA~ prasaMgoM kI nATakIyatA, pUrvApara sambandhoM kA bikharAva aura atizayatA hai, jo racanA ko anAvazyaka vistAra dene kI bhAvanA se grasta pratIta hotI hai| sAtha hI samIkSakoM ke mAnadaNDoM para yaha kharA bhI nahIM utaratA / kintu, jaba kAvya kI prAsaMgikatA kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai to yaha spaSTa ho uThatA hai ki aise prasaMgoM kI parikalpanA racanAkAra kI sAhasikatA kA paryAya to banatI hI hai, sAtha hI racanA ko sArthaka aura Adhunika paridRzya ke anukUla banAne kA prayAsa bhI karatI hai| antardvandva aura saMgharSa aise sUkSma manobhAva haiM jinakI sUkSma se sUkSmatama abhivyakti Adhunika racanA kI sabase bar3I mA~ga hotI hai| saMgharSa aura antardvandva Age calakara AtaMkavAda ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| taba, jaba isa rAha ke rAhI ko kahIM-na-kahIM apanI upekSA aura asaphalatA ke phalasvarUpa apamAna kA bodha hotA hai| yaha apamAna aura upekSA kAlAntara meM bhayAnaka badale kI bhAvanA meM parivartita hotI hai| do rAya nahIM ki racanAkAra AcArya vidyAsAgara saMsAra meM Aja vyApta isa bhAvanA se paricita haiM, aura ve samakAlIna mAnavatA para ise eka abhizApa mAnate haiN| : O " santa samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai .. kintu vaha / santoSI avazya banatA hai|" (pR. 352) ... O " paratantra jIvana kI AdhAra - zilA ho tuma, / pU~jIvAda ke abhedya durgama kilA ho tuma / aura / azAnti ke antahIna silasilA !" (pR. 366 ) " jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI / dharatI yaha / " (pR. 441) svarNakalaza kI udvignatA aura uttApa isI kA paricAyaka hai jo apanA badalA lene ke lie AtaMkavAdI dala ko Amantrita karatA hai / isake kAranAmoM tathA vipattiyoM kA lekhA-jokhA to isa khaNDa meM hai hI, aura yaha bhI hai ki seTha apane
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 257 parivAra kI rakSA svayaM aura sahayogI prAkRtika zaktiyoM tathA manuSyetara prANiyoM - gajadala aura nAga-nAgina kI sahAyatA se kisa prakAra karatA hai, kisa prakAra seTha kA kSamAbhAva AtaMkavAdiyoM kA hRdaya parivartana karatA hai, aadi| yaha varNana vivecana kavitA ke rasAsvAda ko carama para pahu~cAtA hai / Aja ke prasaMgoM ke anurUpa isa samasyA kA samAdhAna Adhunika samAja vyavasthA ke vizleSaNa dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA / yahA~ abhidhA nahIM, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA sahAyaka banatI haiM, racanAkAra kI anubhUti kI abhivyakti kI / AcAryapravara sAmAjika dAyitva bodha ke prati bhI sajaga haiM / ve yaha mAnate haiM ki yaha bodha hI mAnavIyatA kI AdhArabhitti hai / tabhI to usake lie cunate haiM eka sAmAnya matkuNa (khaTamala) ko : " sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo / svAzrita jIvana jiyA karo, kapaTatA kI paTutA ko / jalAMjali do! /... jIvana udAratA kA udAharaNa bane ! akAraNa hI - / para ke duHkha kA sadA haraNa ho !" (pR. 387-388) nizcaya hI racanA aura racanAkAra usI mAnavatA kA sandeza de rahA hai jo yugoM-yugoM se manuSya ko manuSya banAe hue hai| AtmA kA uddhAra to apane hI puruSArtha se ho sakatA hai| aura yaha uddhAra sAdhanA se prApta mahatI upalabdhi hai : " bandhana-rUpa tana,/ mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI / mokSa hai / isI kI zuddha - dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai / jise / prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/ saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai / tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) kavi-karma ke prati sajaga kavi nava rasoM ko nae DhaMga se pratipAdita karatA hai aura inameM vaha zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA sthApita karatA hai| sacamuca zAnta rasa hI to mAnavIyatA kA janaka hai : "karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai / ... kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI moma banA detA hai / " (pR. 159) 66 1 saba rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa hai / zAnti kI hI kAmanA to mAnavatA ko hai, aura yaha mAnava kAmanA hI 'mUkamATI' kA pratipAdya hai| para usake AdhAra evaM mAdhyama aneka haiM kintu saba zRMkhalAbaddha, jaisA 'mUkamATI' meM ba~dhA hai| 'mUkamATI' eka tarapha jahA~ sAmayika samasyAoM kA jIvanta aura sArthaka prayoga hai, vahIM vaha aitihAsika sambandha ke prati bhI jAgarUka hai| yaha jAgarUkatA jahA~ atIta ke gahana adhyayana kI pariNati hai, vahIM vartamAna ko jAgrata karane kA prayAsa bhI / vastuta: AdhunikatA ko 'bhAratIya saMskRti' athavA 'bhAratIya paramparA' se jor3ane kI anivAryatA kA anubhava hI isa abhivyakti kI sArthakatA hai / rAmakathA Adi ke udAharaNa mere isa kathana ke sAkSI haiM / kintu isa AdhAra grahaNa kA mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai yathArtha : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / vyathAkAra nahIM / aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / kathAkAra nahIM / " (pR. 245) itihAsa kI punarAvRtti usa ghuTana, kuNThA, kazamakaza, nirupAyatA kA paryAya bhI banI hai, jo Aja ke jIvana kI anivAryatA hai :
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 258 :: O O 0 0 "kaI sUktiyA~ / preraNA detI paMktiyA~ / kaI udAharaNa dRSTAnta nayI purAnI dRSTiyA~ / aura ve / durlabhatama anubhUtiyA~ / " (pR. 473 ) " bAlI se badalA lenA / ThAna liyA thA dazAnana ne / phira kyA milA phala ? ... rAkSasa kI dhvani meM ro par3A / tabhI usakA nAma / rAvaNa par3A / " (pR. 98 ) " yAtanAyeM pIr3AyeM ye ! / kitanI taraha kI vedanAyeM / kitanI aura Age kaba taka'""patA nahIM / inakA chora hai yA nahIM !" (pR. 4) "kumbha ke bhAga meM kyA / vikalatA - zUnyatA likhI hai kumbha tyA meM kyA / vikalatA nyUnatA rahI hai ?" (pR. 441) - aura ina sabakA samAdhAna hai jIvana sambandhI praznoM ke uttara meM : m " doSa ke kaNoM meM / trAsa tar3apana - taMga / hrAsa kA prasaMga aura guNoM kA / koSa naz2ara A rahA hai|" (pR. 21) 1 "kAvya sabase pahale zabda hai / aura sabase anta meM bhI yahI bAta baca jAtI hai" - ( ajJeya), yahI soca to AcAryapravara kI bhI hai- 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' nAmaka dUsare khaNDa meM, bhale hI prakriyA bhinna ho / kavitA utkRSTatama zabdoM kA utkRSTatama krama hai / aura 'mUkamATI' meM zabdoM kA utkRSTatama krama darzanIya bhI hai aura grAhya bhI / DaoN. rAmasvarUpa caturvedI ke anusAra : "Adhunika kavitA kA marma grahaNa karane ke lie kAvya bhASA kA upAdAna hI ekamAtra vizvasanIya mAdhyama raha gayA hai / " kintu yaha taTastha aura vastuniSTha honI caahie| yaha taTasthatA aura vastuniSThatA aura kucha nahIM apitu satya, mAnava satya kI khoja hI bhASA kA AdhAra banatI hai / aura yaha satya, anubhUta satya hai, jisakI sahaja abhivyakti hI kavitA kA saundarya hai / tabhI to yaha kahA jAtA hai ki bhASA kavi ke anubhava aura jJAna kA sAdhana hai / kavivara ne loka jIvana se bolacAla ke zabdoM ko lekara unheM naI arthavattA se sampRkta kiyA, zabdoM meM nae-nae artha kI udbhAvanA kI hai| kuMbha, gada-hA, nArI, abalA, kumArI, strI Adi meM kavitA mUrta hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM mATI kI mUrttatA isa kathana kA pramANa hai aura isa mUrtatA kA AdhAra hai - bimba / kedAranAtha siMha ke zabdoM meM : "bimba vidhAna kA sambandha jitanA kAvya kI viSaya-vastu se hotA hai, utanA hI usake rUpa se bhI / viSaya ko vaha mUrta aura grAhya banAtA hai, rUpa ko saMkSipta aura dIpta / " Adhunika kavi evaM usakI samIkSA kA AdhAra Aja haibimba / DaoN. rAmasvarUpa caturvedI Adi bhI isa AdhAra kI anivAryatA para jora dete haiN| yaha alaga bAta hai ki sAyAsa bimba kavitA ke saundarya para coTa karate haiM, isalie sahaja aura anAyAsa sthAna pAe bimba hI kavitA kI AtmA hote haiM / yadyapi rUsI Alocaka bimba kI anivAryatA nahIM svIkArate, kintu isakI anivAryatA ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA / 'mUkamATI' meM yaha bimba prakriyA uparyukta donoM staroM para sakriya hai / udAharaNArtha mA~ kA eka bimba : 1 "mA~ kI udAratA - paropakAritA / apane vakSasthala para yugoM-yugoM se cira se / dugdha se bhare / do kalaza le khar3I hai|" (pR. 476) " lajjA ke ghU~ghaTa meM/ DUbatI-sI kumudinI prabhAkara ke kara- chuvana se / bacanA cAhatI hai vaha / " (pR. 2)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 259 DaoN. nAmavara siMha kA Aropa hai : "bimboM ke kAraNa kavitA bolacAla kI bhASA se aksara dUra haTI hai, bolacAla kI sahaja laya khaNDita huI hai, vAkya-vinyAsa kI zakti ko dhakkA lagA hai, bhASA ke antargata kriyAe~ upekSita huI haiM, vizeSaNoM kA anAvazyaka bhAra bar3hA hai, aura kAvya kathya kI tAkata kama huI hai|" kintu bimba prayoga ke bAvajUda bhI 'mUkamATI' ina AropoM se baca nikalI hai / vastuta: yaha vyavadhAna tabhI utpanna hote haiM, jaba bhAva aura bhASA, anubhUti aura abhivyakti, saMvadenA aura sampreSaNa ke dharAtala para sahaja sambandha kA abhAva ho / yahA~ to aisI koI bAta nahIM hai| pragItAtmakatA aura nATakIyatA, kAvya saMracanA kI pramukha AdhArabhitti hotI hai / kAvya saMracanA vaha prakriyA hai, jisase hokara kavi guz2aratA hai aura yaha saMracanA khaNDa meM nahIM, racanA kI sampUrNatA meM parilakSita hotI hai / nirAlA bhI ise svIkAra karate haiM / yahA~ bhI saMracanA prakriyA kA pUrA AbhAsa racanA kI sampUrNatA meM parilakSita hotA hai / jahA~ racanAkAra eka taraMga ko eka 'sTrakcara' ke rUpa meM parivartita karatA dikhAI detA hai / isameM yahA~ buddhi aura hRdaya kA vibhAjana nahIM apitu donoM kA eka mAnasika antargrathana hai / yahA~ bhAva aura racanA prakriyA kA aisA tAdAtmyIkaraNa hotA hai, jahA~ donoM eka prANa - eka zarIra dikhAI dete haiM, aura yahI mAnasika antargrathana jo anukaraNAtmakatA, varNanAtmakatA, kathAtmakatA se dUra hotA hai aura pragItAtmakatA kA janmadAtA hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM pragItAtmakatA kAvya saMracanA ke guNa ke rUpa meM sarvatra upasthita hai : "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai|/ati-possnn yA atizoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai|" (pR. 418) - "do TUka bolate nahIM hama/bhUla-cUka kI bAta nirAlI hai|" (pR. 435) kahanA na hogA ki yaha laya isa kavitA kA sabase samartha tattva hai jo zuddha vaktRtva guNa ke dvArA kavitA ke mUla artha ko sampreSita kara detA hai| arastu ke anusAra nATakIya kavitA 'kArya kA anukaraNa' ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hotI hai / vastuta: kavitA kA sAmAnya rUpAkAra eka sIdhI rekhA vAlA na hokara Ter3hA-mer3hA hotA hai, kavitA kI anivAryatA nATakIyatA hai, para yaha kArya ke anukaraNa mAtra ke rUpa meM nahIM apitu bodha (bhAva) ke dharAtala para bhI AnI cAhie, tabhI yaha sahaja hogii| aura yaha nATakIyatA prasaMgavaza samAja-vyavasthA, kala hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ke varNana, kathana ke artha gAmbhIrya, AtmasvIkRti meM to hai hI, sAtha hI isa kAvya grantha meM eka prabhAvazAlI paTa bhUmi evaM eka jAduI duniyA ke nirmANa meM bhI sahAyaka banatI hai| aura merI dRSTi meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA uddezya hai - mAnava ko jAgrata kara use karma kSetra kI ora unmukha karanA, aise karma kSetra kI ora, jo mAnavIyatA ke vikAsa kI ora unmukha ho tathA jo jar3a aura cetana ko eka rUpa meM dekhane kA pakSapAtI ho : 0 "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo ! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jAo!" (pR. 432) "...abhI/AtaMkavAda gayA nahIM,/usase saMgharSa karanA hai abhii|" (pR. 441) D "sArA saMsAra hI RNI hai dharaNI kA/tumheM bhI RNa cukAnA hai / dharaNI ko ura meM dhAraNa kara,/karanI ko hRdaya se sudhAranA hai|" (pR. 449)
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________________ 260 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura anta meM 'mUkamATI' ke sandarbha meM kavi kI uktiyoM ko hI duharAnA cAhatA hU~ : ___ "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN| aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN| .. isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai-/kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka/jAgRta"jIvita "ajita !" (pR.245) 0 "g2ama se yadi bhIti ho/to suno !/zrama se prIti kro|" (pR.355) anta meM, maiM yahI kahU~gA - "ko bar3a choTa, kahata aparAdha"-kAvya aura kavi meM vibheda kara pAnA mere jaise alpabuddhi ke sAmarthya ke bAhara hai / 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA svargIya bhAvapUrNa saMgIta hai / aisA saMgIta, jisameM andhakAra kA Aloka se, asat kA sat se, jar3a kA cetana se aura bAhya jagat kA antarjagat se sambandha sthApita hai aura isa sambandha sthApana kA mAdhyama hai santa kI apanI sAdhanA / vastuta: AcArya vidyAsAgara svayameva sAdhanA ke jIvanta pratirUpa haiM aura sAdhanA vaha hai jo Atma-vizuddhi kI maMz2iloM para sAvadhAnI se paga dharatI huI lokamaMgala ko sAdhatI hai / tapasyA se arjita jIvana-darzana ko svAnubhUti meM racA-pacA kara nirmala vANI aura sArthaka sampreSaNa ke mAdhyama se sabake hRdaya meM guMjarita kara denA isa kAvya aura svayaM santapravara kA lakSya hai / phalasvarUpa kAvyAnubhUti kI antaraMga laya samanvita kara AcAryazrI ne apanI anubhUti, jo saba jana kI anubhUti bana par3I hai, ko kAvya kA bAnA pahanAyA hai| pRSTha 395-390 kalA zabdasvayaM kara eka hI mata, nasa-- kaharagha ki - CLINITILIU LALI
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________________ bhAratIya saMskRti kA paryAya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. dAmodara pANDeya bandhuvara kA atisneha patra prApta huA ki maiM paramazraddheya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA viracita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI'kA samakAlIna kAvyoM/mahAkAvyoM ke pariprekSya meM tulanAtmaka anuzIlana athavA isake kisI viziSTa prakaraNa para samIkSA lekha prastuta karU~ / patra prApti ke pazcAt 'mahAkAvya' kA AdyopAnta adhyayana karane ke uparAnta mana meM bAra-bAra 'kAlidAsa' kI yaha ukti smaraNa ho A rahI hai, jo unhoMne 'raghuvaMza mahAkAvya' likhane ke pUrva vyakta kI thI: "kva sUryaprabhavo vaMza: kva cAlpaviSayA mtiH|| titIpurdustaraM mohAduDupenAsmi sAgaram // " (1/2) kintu yahA~ to bahuta hI dayanIya sthiti hai / na to mere pAsa vANI hai aura na to sabala abhivyakti, hA~, yadi kucha hai to vaha 'zraddhA', aura isI 'zraddhA' ke bala para kucha prastuta karane kA sAhasa baTora rahA huuN| jahA~ taka 'mUkamATI' ke tulanAtmaka anuzIlana kI bAta hai to isake lie AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI yaha paMkti dekheM : "vikasita yA vikAsa-zIla/jIvana bhI kyoM na ho, kitane bhI ujjvala-guNa kyoM na hoM,/para se sva kI tulanA karanA parAbhava kA kAraNa hai/dInatA kA pratIka bhii| ...phira,/atula kI tulanA kyoM ?" (pR. 339-340) ise par3hane ke pazcAt mana meM bAra-bAra yaha prazna hotA thA ki 'atula kI tulanA kyoM ? kyoMki mere lie to yaha atulanIya mahAkAvya hai / yaha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai, jisake pratyeka khaNDa, svayaM eka khaNDa kAvya kI pratIti karAte haiM, usakI tulanA mahAkAvya se kyoM ? isIlie 'isake kisI viziSTa prakaraNa para likhanA' hI samIcIna evaM sArthaka pratIta huA aura anAyAsa zIrSaka 'bhAratIya saMskRti kA paryAya : mUkamATI' likha gyaa| isake pUrva aneka zIrSaka vicAra-saraNi para aMkita hue- 'bhAratIya darzanoM kI sarala abhivyakti : mUkamATI', 'sAmayika bodha kI sahaja pratIti : mUkamATI', ana-Aropita jIvana darzana : mUkamATI', 'mAnavIya manobhAvoM kA mahAkAvya : mUkamATI', 'mAnavIkaraNa dvArA mAnavI manobhAvoM kI sahaja abhivyakti : mUkamATI', 'dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta : mUkamATI'-parantu ina samasta zIrSakoM meM se koI bhI zIrSaka 'mUkamATI' ke virAT svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karane meM sakSama pratIta nahIM huaa| bhAratIya saMskRti ke vividha AyAmoM kI indradhanuSI chaTA ko vikIrNa karane vAlI isa mahAn kRti ke lie 'bhAratIya saMskRti kA paryAya' zIrSaka sukhakara hai, kyoMki : "lambI, gagana cUmatI vyAkhyA se/mUla kA mUlya kama hotA hai sahI mUlyAMkana guma hotA hai |/maatraanukuul bhale hI dugdha meM jala milA lo/dugdha kA mAdhurya kama hotA hai avazya ! jala kA cAturya jama jAtA hai rasanA para !" (pR. 109) aura
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________________ 262 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " apane ko chor3akara / para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai / aura / saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI / mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) isa mokSa ke dhAma ke lie bhAratIya saMskRti ke atirikta merI dRSTi meM anya koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai / bhAratIya saMskRti meM 'manu' se lekara Adhunika sAhitya meM lagabhaga yA yoM kahU~ syAt samasta sAhitya manISiyoM ne nArI ke mahimAmaNDita svarUpa kI hI upAsanA kI hai| santa kAvya kI paramparA meM rASTrIya khyAti prApta muni vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja bhalA isase haTakara kaise soca sakate haiM, kyoMki ve to svayaM saMskRti haiM / AcAryazrI kI isa bhAvanA kA samyak darzana 'nArI' ke samAnArthI zabdoM ke dhvani-bodha meM hotA hai : "inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' / yAnI - / 'na ari' nArI" athavA / ye ArI nahIM haiM / sonArI / " (pR.202) isameM nArI ke samarpaNa kI anugU~ja hai, kyoMki jaba kabhI nArI pratidAna karatI hai taba ari yAnI zatru-bhAva se nahIM, mitrabhAva se / isI prakAra 'mahilA' yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula, jo puruSa ke jIvana meM lAtI hai / 'abalA' se abhI taka nArI ke 'balahIna' svarUpa kI hI abhivyakti hotI thI, kintu 'mUkamATI' kI 'abalA, balahIna nahIM, apitu 'avagama'jJAnajyoti se jyotirmAna karane vAlI, puruSa - citta ko anAgata kI AzAoM se pUrI taraha haTAkara Agata- vartamAna meM lAne vAlI aura itanA hI nahIM balki na balA'' so abalA - samasyA- zUnya samAdhAna / nArI kA 'kumArI' svarUpa to aura adhika sArthaka hai, kyoMki 'ku' yAnI pRthvI, 'mA' yAnI lakSmI aura 'rI' yAnI dene vAlI arthAt yaha dharA sampadAsampannA taba taka rahegI jaba taka yahA~ kumArI raheMgI / isI prakAra nArI ke 'strI', 'sutA', 'duhitA' evaM 'mAtR ' samAnArthI zabda bhI apane meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke udAtta guNoM ko samAhita kie hue haiN| itihAsa hamArI saMskRti ke pariprekSya meM gavAhI detA hai ki nArI dayA, mAyA, mamatA aura agAdha vizvAsa kI pratibhUti pahale hai, bAda meM kucha aura / sarvaprathama 'mUkamATI' meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke rUpa meM 'nArI' kI hI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI, kyoMki vaha puruSa ke sundara samatala jIvana meM pIyUSa srota-sI bahakara amaratva pradAna karatI hai| kA dhyAna ra puruSa karma patha meM pravRtta hotA hai aura usake bhItara parizrama / saMgharSa ke rUpa meM puruSArtha kI bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai anyathA puruSa suSuptAvasthA meM hI banA rahatA / 'AsthA' kA jIvana meM prAdurbhAva to 'nArI' ke preraka vacanoM se hI hotA hai aura puruSa socane ko vivaza ho jAtA hai ki parvata kI talahaTI se parvata ke uttuMga zikharoM ko kevala dekhA hI jA sakatA hai, usa para car3hane ke lie to 'caraNa' kA prayoga karanA hI par3egA, isake binA zikhara kA sparzana sambhava hI nahIM hai / isIlie hamArI saMskRti kahatI hai 'saMgharSa hI jIvana hai' aura yahI 'mUkamATI' kahatI hai: "saMgharSamaya jIvana kA upasaMhAra niyamarUpa se harSamaya hotA hai" (pR. 14) / pAzcAtya jagat yaha samajhatA hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti mAtra 'hAtha meM hAtha dharakara' baiThane meM vizvAsa rakhatI hai, kintu use yaha patA nahIM ki saMskRti use 'mUkamATI' ke dvArA avagata karA denA cAhatI hai : " bAhubala milA hai tumheM / karo puruSArtha sahI / puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI, parizrama ke binA tuma / navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha / pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 212)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 263 aura vAstava meM yahI huA bhI, videzI pacA nahIM ske| hA~, itanA avazya hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti 'kIcar3a se kIcar3a nahIM dhoyA jA sakatA hai' ke siddhAntoM ko kArya rUpa dene meM sadA se vizvAsa rakhatI calI A rahI hai, kyoMki usake sAmane 'bAlI' aura 'rAvaNa' jaise rAmAyaNa - pAtra dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM upasthita haiN| dazAnana ne pratikAra svarUpa bAlI se badalA ko ThAna liyA thA, jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki rAvaNa ' trAhi mAM !, trAhi mAM !!, trAhi mAM !!!' yoM cillAtA huA rAkSasa kI dhvani meM ro par3A aura tabhI se 'rAvaNa' nAma se abhihita hai| itanA hI nahIM balki pratizodha kI agni meM jalane vAle bar3e-bar3e balazAlI gaja-dala bhI usakI lapaToM se apane ko surakSita nahIM kara pAte / badale kI bhAvanA kA hI pariNAma hai ki rAhu ke vikarAla gAla meM cetana rUpa bhAsita bhAskara bhI apane astitva ko kho detA hai / yahIM para hama apane ko pazcimI sabhyatA aura saMskRti se pRthak pAte haiM, kyoMki : " pazcimI sabhyatA / AkramaNa kI niSedhikA nahIM hai apitu ! / AkramaNa - zIlA garIyasI hai ... bhAratIya saMskRti hai / sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai / " (pR. 102 - 103) isakA samucita jJAna hameM bhAratIya saMskRti ke prANa tattva 'adhyAtma' aura 'darzana' se prApta hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke andara bhAratIya saMskRti ke anurUpa hI adhyAtma aura darzana kA maNi- kAMcana saMyoga milatA hai / isako dekhate lagatA hai ki vaha jIvana para Aropita nahIM hai apitu jIvana se hI nikalA hai / prAyaH loga 'adhyAtma' aura 'darzana' ke sambandha meM isa dhAraNA se AkrAnta rahe haiM kyA darzana aura adhyAtma eka hI jIvana ke do pahalU haiM ? kyA inameM kAryakAraNa sambandha hai ? ina sabhI praznoM kA uttara zrImAn vidyAsAgarajI ne yaha kahakara diyA hai ki darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai, vicAra hai aura adhyAtma to nirAyudha hai, sarvathA stabdha, nirvicAra / darzana jJAna bhI, jJeya bhI hai kintu adhyAtma hai dhyAna aura dhyeya | darzana kabhI satya, kabhI asatya ke jhUle para jhaTake khAtA hai jabaki adhyAtma sadA satya hI bhAsita hotA hai / isIlie bhAratIya saMskRti darzana ko adhyAtma ke bhItara pacAkara usake sarvathA kalyANakArI aura maMgalakArI svarUpa ke pratIka rUpa meM 'sarva' kI hI kAmanA se ota-prota rahI hai / 'hI' aura 'bhI' do bIjAkSaroM ke dvArA kAvyakAra ne jahA~ eka ora bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya saMskRti ke pArthakya ko darzAyA hai, vahIM jaina darzana ke anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda kI sarala vyAkhyA jIvana ke bhItara se karane meM saphalIbhUta bhI huA hai| vaha vyAkhyA dekhate hI banatI hai : 66 ''hI' aura 'bhI' ina do akSaroM kA/ ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / /'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / / hama hI saba kucha haiM / yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho ! / aura, / 'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki hama bhI haiM / tuma bhI ho/ saba kucha ! / ... 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / " (pR.172-173) ata: kavi Izvara se prArthanA karatA hai ki isa dharatI para 'hI' kA abhAva rahe aura 'bhI' kI sabhI se bheMTa hotI rhe| vaise to 'mUkamATI' meM samasta bhAratIya darzana samAhita haiM kintu vaha pAThakoM para 'philaoNsaphI' ke rUpa meM nahIM apitu sacamuca jIvana-darzana ke rUpa meM hI abhivyakta huA hai / yadi ' vicAra aura cintana' ko darzana kI saMjJA deM to 'mUkamATI' meM bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya sabhI prakAra ke vicAra A gae haiN| samAjavAda, sAmyavAda, lokatantra, pU~jIvAda, astitvavAda, bhautikavAda kramaza: pRSTha saM.-461, 366, 382, 366, 361, 72, 82, 83, 192, 217, 396 aura 411 meM 1
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________________ 264 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA avekSaNIya haiM / kintu eka samIkSaka ke rUpa meM yA syAt zraddhAlu pAThaka ke rUpa meM kahane ke lie bAdhya hU~ ki pUjyapAda vidyAsAgarajI ne ina vicAroM se kAvyAtmA ko bojhila nahIM hone diyA hai, yahA~ taka ki 'durUhatA' to usake pAsa phaTakane taka nahIM pAI hai| isakA kAraNa syAt svAmIjI kI sAhitya - sAdhanA kA pariNAma hai, kyoMki hamAre yahA~ sAhitya-sAdhaka vahI hotA hai jo brahma-sAdhaka hai aura isakI viparIta sthiti bhI sahI mAnI gaI hai| AcAryavara zrI vidyAsAgarajI meM to brahma, yoga aura sAhitya kI triveNI pravAhita ho rahI hai jisameM mana lAlAyita ho uThatA hai, maila dhone ko| tabhI to 'mUkamATI' ko : "A~kheM bhI par3ha sakatI haiM / kAna bhI suna sakate haiM isa kI sevA hAtha bhI kara sakate haiM / yaha sAhitya jIvanta hai nA !" (pR.111 ) isakI jIvantatA banI rahe, isake lie 'brahmAnanda sahodara' ke rUpa meM pRSTha saM. 131 se 160 taka sabhI rasoM kA sundara paripAka kiyA gayA hai| bhAva amUrta hote hue bhI mUrta pratIta hote haiN| zabda- dhvaniyoM kI maulika vyAkhyA pAThakoM jJAnavarddhana meM sahAyaka to hai hI, cArutA kI parAkASThA ko bhI prApta hai, yathA : "kisa zabda kA kyA artha hai, / yaha koI artha nahIM rakhatA aba ! kalA zabda svayaM kaha rahA ki / 'ka' yAnI AtmA - sukha hai 'lA' yAnI lAnA - detA hai/ koI bhI kalA ho / kalA mAtra se jIvana meM sukha-zAnti sampannatA AtI hai|/n artha meM sukha hai / na artha se sukha !" (pR.396) isI prakAra za, sa, Sa - ina tInoM bIjAkSaroM kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai : 66 'za' yAnI / kaSAya kA zamana karane vAlA / ... zAzvata zAnti kI zAlA"" ! 'sa' yAnI / samagra kA sAthI / ... aura / 'Sa' kI lIlA to nirAlI hai / pake peTa ko phAr3ane para / 'Sa' kA darzana hotA hai 'pa' yAnI / pApa aura puNya / " (pR. 398 ) isa prakAra kI anekAneka zAbdika abhivyaMjanAoM se mahAkAvya bharA par3A hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kabhI bhI nirApada nahIM rahI hai| samaya-samaya para AtatAyI ise vikRta evaM vizRMkhalita karane kA duSprayAsa karate rahe haiN| sabhI ne apane-apane DhaMga se ise noMcA hai, khasauTA hai, kintu kucha bAta hai ki 'hastI miTatI nahIM hamArI ' / vartamAna samaya meM jo ApadA hai vaha hai 'AtaMkavAda' kI / yadyapi yaha samasyA vizvastarIya hai, tathApi bhAratIya pariveza meM rahane vAloM ke lie ajUbA hI lagatI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM isa jvalanta samasyA ko bhI uThAyA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha nizcita hai ki mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai, kabhI-kabhI atipoSaNa athavA ati-zoSaNa se bhI AtaMkavAda phalita hotA hai kintu yaha mahA-ajJAnatA hai| dUradarzitA kA abhAva dUsaroM ke lie hI nahIM, apane lie bhI ghAtaka hotA hai| jaba taka isa dharatI para AtaMkavAda jIvita rahegA, dharatI zAnti kA zvAsa nahIM le sktii| isalie Avazyaka hai ki dayA, karuNA aura udAratA kI sAkAra pratimUrti hamArI yaha saMskRti jo Aja 'hiMsA ke sAtha hiMsA karane ko bhI ahiMsA mAnatI hai' vaha kRtasaMkalpita ho : " ye A~kheM aba / AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, / ye kAna aba
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 265 AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate, / yaha jIvana bhI kRta saMkalpita hai ki usakA rahe yA isakA / yahA~ astitva eka kA rahegA / " (pR. 441) bhAratIya saMskRti meM buddhi kA bhramita honA hI aneka anarthoM kI jar3a mAnA gayA hai| yaha buddhi-bhrama saMgati se hI dUra ho sakatI hai, kyoMki 'bina satsaMga viveka na hoI' satsaMgati kA hI prabhAva hai ki jala kI eka bU~da nIma kI jar3a meM pahu~cakara kaTutA meM Dhala jAtI hai, vahI bUMda sAgara meM milakara lavaNa - yukta ho jAtI hai, viSadhara ke mu~ha meM viSa aura svAti-kAla meM vahI bU~da sAgara kI sIpI meM par3akara motI rUpa mANikya - kAnti se jhilamilAne lagatI hai / svabhAva aura vibhAva meM yahI antara hai aura yahI santoM ke santa vidyAsAgara mahArAja kA kathana hai| jIvana meM prAya: virodhAbhAsoM ko bhI lekara jInA par3atA hai, bhAratIya saMskRti isakA apavAda nahIM hai| isI prakAra 'mUka mATI' meM bhI kaI virodhAbhAsa dekhane ko mile / pRSTha 295 meM svapna ko bahuvidha ulajhanoM kA paryAya evaM jAgRti ke sUtra se chUTane kI sthiti batalAyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM balki svapna meM Atma-sAkSAtkAra sambhava hI nahIM hai, isalie svapna atIta se jur3e hone ke kAraNa vartamAna meM nija-bhAva kA rakSaNa nahIM kara sakatA hai| ThIka isake viparIta pRSTha 302 meM nagara ke mahAseTha ke svapna ko satya kiyA gayA hai / yaha virodhAbhAsa kyoM ? samIkSaka kI dRSTi meM to saMskRti kA hI avibhAjya aMga hai, kintu isa para carcA Avazyaka hai / 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne 'mATI' ko nAyikA rUpa pradAna anAdikAla se pada-dalita ko uThAkara bhAratIya saMskRti kI sahiSNutA kA paricaya to diyA hai, kintu vahIM yaha kahakara ki : O O "nIca bana nahIM sakatA ucca / isa kArya kA sampanna honA sAttvika saMskAra para AdhArita hai / " (pR. 357 ) saMskAra yadi janmajAta hote haiM to nIca nIca hI rahegA aura yadi ucitAnucita samparka se sabameM parivartana sambhava hai to kyA vaha saMskAragata parivartana kahA jAegA athavA svabhAvagata ? vicAraNIya hai / samagrata: hama dekhate haiM ki 'mUkamATI' bhAratIya saMskRti ke samasta guNoM se gumphita hai| maiMne isa dRSTi se dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu bahuta sambhava hai ki isa mahAsAgara se uThane vAlI laharoM kI bU~deM to nahIM, unake kucha chIMToM kA saMsparzana ho pAyA ho / athavA yU~ kahU~ ki zraddhA ke bhAvAveza meM pravAhita hokara kahIM jUThe bera hI to nahIM prastuta ho gayA hai / anta meM 'caraiveti, caraiveti, caraiveti' kI punarAvRtti ke sAtha : " pUrA cala kara vizrAma karo !" (pR. 129) suno ! " saMhAra kI bAta mata karo, / saMgharSa karate jAo ! hAra kI bAta mata karo, / utkarSa karate jAo ! / aura ghAtaka - ghAyala DAla para / rasAla- phala lagatA nahIM, / laga bhI jAya pakatA nahIM, / aura / kAla pAkara / paka bhI jAya to " bhoktA ko svAda nahIM AyegA / usa rasAla kA !" (pR.432) pRH 26 jisakA bhAla vaha bAla nahIM hai vRddha hai, vizAla hai, bhAgya kA bhaNDAra ! O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka smaraNIya mahAkAvya " isa para bhI yadi / tumheM / zramaNa - sAdhanA ke viSaya meM aura / akSaya sukha-sambandha meM / vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA ho DaoN. rAma prasAda mizra ... maiM jahA~ para hU~ / vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe, / zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo, hA~, hA~ !! / vizvAsa ko anUbhUti milegI /... aura mAhaula ko animeSa nihAratI - sI / mUkamATI / " (pR. 487-488) 44 ... jaina AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 488 DimAI pRSThoM ke sphIta atukAnta evaM 'naI' zailI ke mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI'. kA uddezya jainadharma evaM jainadarzana kI sarvazreSThatA kI sthApanA hai jaisA ki anta se uddhRta ukta paMktiyoM se bhI spaSTa hai tathA 'mAnasa - taraMga' zIrSaka bhUmikA ke ina zabdoM se bhI : . mraSTA koI asAdhAraNa balazAlI puruSa hai, aura vaha Izvara ko chor3akara aura kauna ho sakatA hai? isa mAnyatA kA samarthana prAyaH saba darzanakAra karate haiN| ye kArya-kAraNa vyavasthA se aparicita haiM / ... Izvara muktAvasthA ko chor3akara puna: zarIra ko dhAraNa kara jAgatika kArya kara letA hai, aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM / ...zarIra hai to saMsAra hai, saMsAra meM du:kha ke sivA aura kyA hai ? ... vidyA - vikriyAyeM bhI pUrva-kRta puNyodaya ke anurUpa hI phalatI haiM, anyathA nahIM / ... kucha darzana, jaina- darzana ko nAstika mAnate haiM aura pracAra karate haiM ki jo Izvara ko nahIM mAnate haiM, ve nAstika hote haiN| yaha mAnyatA unakI darzana-viSayaka alpajJatA ko hI sUcita karatI hai / jJAta rahe, ki zramaNa-saMskRti ke saMpoSaka jaina darzana ne bar3I AsthA ke sAtha Izvara ko parama zraddheya-pUjya ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM nhiiN| ... Izvara ko sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM svIkAranA hI, use nakAranA hai, aura sahI nAstikatA hai, mithyA hai / yaha bhAva tejobindu upaniSad kI nimna kArikA se bhalI-bhA~ti spaSTa hotA hai : "rakSako viSNurityAdi brahmA sRSTestu kAraNam / " "saMhAre rudra ityevaM sarvaM mithyeti nizcinu / " (5/51-52) brahmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai, isa mAnyatA ko chor3anA hI AstikatA hai / ... varNa-jAti-kula Adi vyavasthA-vidhAna ko nakArA nahIM hai / ... vItarAga zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai...|" spaSTa hai ki AcArya vidyAsAgara ne Rgveda, yajurveda (puruSa sUkta) ke prathama avasara para Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnane ke darzana ko, jo bAibila evaM qurAna meM bhI prApta hotA hai, nakArA hai / kintu sRSTi kA koI sajIva kAraNa nahIM de sake / punarjanma, karmavAda, siddhazilA ityAdi ke bindu jaina - darzanagata haiM aura inakI pratyAlocanA bhI saralatA se kI jA sakatI hai| kahIM-kahIM AcArya ne hindUdharma kI mAnyatAoM para prahAra karate samaya zAlInatA kA dhyAna nahIM rkhaa| 'mUkamATI' ke cAra khaNDa haiM : 1. saMkara nahIM : varNa - lAbha 2. zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM 3. puNya kA pAlana : pApa - prakSAlana 4. agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha mATI pratIka hai AtmA yA jIva kI / vaha khodakara lAI jAte samaya kUr3A-kaMkar3a Adi se yukta hotI hai| kumbhakAra use svaccha, saMkara-mukta evaM sundara rUpa pradAna karatA hai| zabda svayaM meM eka dhvani mAtra hai, bodha usakA arthavAn
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 267 rUpa hai tathA usakA anubhUtipuSTa-AcArapuSTa bananA zodha / varNalAbha yA amizrita sahaja rUpa pAne para mATI kA rasa se samparka hotA hai / cakra calatA hai / mUkamATI maMgala ghaTa meM vikasita hotI hai / antata: vaha ghaTa rasamaya rUpa meM guru ke padaprakSAlana evaM tRSA-zAnti kA kAraNa banatA hai| kintu sAdhu guru arhantadeva yA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati samarpita haiN| unakI 'dezanA' (upadeza) ke sAtha mahAkAvya samApta hotA hai / mATI AtmA hai, kumbhakAra guru, gurUNAMguru arhantadeva paramaguru / mATI nAyikA hai, kumbhakAra nAyaka, guru atinAyaka tathA arhantadeva paramanAyaka / kintu kAvya meM nAyikA evaM nAyaka kA adhikatara varNana svAbhAvika hai / guru anta meM Ate haiM tathA arhantadeva phalAgama-pratIka haiM / isa pratIkaniSpanna kathAnaka meM kavi ne yathAsthAna nAnA darzana nirUpaNa, rasa nirUpaNa, kalpita kathAnaka (seTha, AtaMkavAdI), guru, AtaMkavAdIgaNa, hRdayaparivartana ityAdi jaise aneka tattvoM kA praur3ha samanvaya kiyA hai, jisakI kramika pronnati evaM parAkASThA mananIya bhI hai / AvaraNa pRSTha para kumbhakAra kA cakra aura usa para mATI kA piNDa tathA sundara maMgala ghaTa mahAkAvya kI pratIka yojanA ke sarvata: anukUla haiN| samasAmayika sandarbho se otaprota yaha AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya sAhitya meM eka vilakSaNa prayoga hai| 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM lokAyatana' (panta) se sarvAdhika tulanIya hai| donoM sphIta / donoM adhunAtana / lokAyatana' ke mahAkavi ne vizvavyApti ke madhya samasAmayika sandarbha sa~joe haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne bhI aisA kiyA hai| kintu 'lokAyatana' meM vizvavyApti ko sAdara grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, 'mUkamATI' meM khaNDana-maNDana bahuta hai| 'lokAyatana' vizvakAvya hai, 'mUkamATI' jainakAvya mAtra / donoM bauddhikarasa ke mahAkAvya haiN| 'kAmAyanI' kI pratIka yojanA evaM kAvyakalA apratima hai, kintu mUkamATI' kA dArzanika UhApoha nissandeha vizadatara hai| priyapravAsa' kI rasavattA cirasmaraNIya hai to 'mUkamATI' kA saMskAra bhI nissandeha smaraNIya hai / 'sAketa' meM pArivArikatA evaM sAmAjikatA kA nirvAha sundaratara hai to 'mUkamATI' vyaSTi evaM samaSTi ke sambandha para nissandeha prazasya prakAza DAlatI hai| DaoN. muMzIrAma zarmA 'soma' ke mahAkAvya 'virahiNI' kI nAyikA bhI AtmA hai| 'virahiNI' eka lalita-gambhIra kintu atyadhika pAramparika AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya hai, 'mUkamATI' lalita na hote hue bhI saphala evaM abhinava mahAkAvya hai- bhale hI sArvabhauma na ho / 'urvazI' (dinakara) kAmapakSapradhAna hone ke kAraNa ekAMgI-sI raha gaI, kintu usakI jIvantatA cirasmaraNIya hai, 'mUkamATI' kA darzana bojhIlA lagatA hai| 'UrmilA' (navIna) atibhAvukatA meM smaraNIya hai, kintu 'mUkamATI' usase adhika jIvana sApekSa hai| 'o ahalyA' (rAmakumAra varmA) cira evaM yuga ke nArI-saMvedana kI utkRSTa kRti hai, kintu 'mUkamATI' meM jIvana kI vyApakatara mImAMsA ke darzana hote haiN| anya kisI kAvya kI 'mUkamATI' se tulanA ucita na hogii| 'kAmAyanI', 'priyapravAsa' evaM 'sAketa' aba bhI khar3IbolI-mahAkAvya-kIrtimAna bane hue haiM, kyoMki unameM jIvanarasa evaM kalA kA stara uccatara hai / 'lokAyatana', 'urvazI', 'urmilA', 'virahiNI', 'o ahalyA' jaisI cirasmaraNIya kRtiyA~ bhI isa trayI ke jIvanarasa, lAlitya evaM kalA-gaurava se pichar3I lagatI haiN| 'mUkamATI' apanI sphIti evaM AdhyAtmikatA meM isI trayI ke anantara kisI se bhI tulanIya-vitulanIya kRti avazya hai / yadi kAvya khaNDanapradhAna na hokara maNDanapradhAna hotA to lokAyatana se kama mahattvapUrNa na hotA / kucha uttama aMza prastuta haiM jo Akalana-nikaSa bana sakate haiM : AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/ yahI satya hai, yahI tathya !" (pR. 185)
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________________ 268 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "Upara aNu kI zakti kAma kara rahI hai/to idhara "nIce manu kI zakti vidyamAna !/...eka mAraka, eka tAraka; eka vijJAna hai/jisakI AjIvikA tarkaNA hai, eka AsthA hai/jise AjIvikA kI cintA nhiiN|" (pR. 249) "nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora, veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI caahie|" (pR. 267) "puruSa aura prakRti/ina donoM ke khela kA nAma hI/saMsAra hai, yaha kahanA mUr3hatA hai moha kI mahimA mAtra!/khela khelane vAlA to puruSa hai aura/prakRti khilaunA mAtra !" (pR. 394) "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jaao|" (pR. 432) 0 . pR. 434 -apadoM ke mukha sepadoM kI, padavAnoMkI pariNati- paddhati sunakara"parivara stamita huaa| 2004
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : kAvya, darzana aura adhyAtma kI anyatama upalabdhi DaoN. ke. ela. jaina AcArya vidyAsAgara ne vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai, jisameM janakalyANa aura lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA samAhita hai| unhoMne zAstroM ke athAha sAgara se vizeSata: kavitA ke motI cunane kA jo bhagIratha prayAsa kiyA hai, vaha kAphI adbhuta aura vismayakArI hai / kAvyazAstra kI dRSTi se aisA mAnA gayA hai ki anubhUti kI ghanIbhUta tIvratA hI. Safar ko janma detI hai / bhAvoM kI yahI tIvrAnubhUti AcAryazrI kI kavitAoM meM bhI dekhane ko milatI hai / yadyapi vastutattva kI dRSTi se ina kavitAoM kA mUla svara bhale hI adhyAtma rahA ho, lekina ina kavitAoM meM jIvana ke jina udAtta AdarzoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, vAstava meM vahI kavitA kA prANatattva mAnA gayA hai / kyoMki kavitA ke mUla meM mAnava jIvana aura usake anta:karaNa meM uThane vAle bhAvoM ko hI kavi zabda - baddha karatA hai, aura yahI kArya AcAryazrI ne bhI kiyA hai| yahA~ para hama AcAryazrI dvArA viracita 'mUkamATI' ke sambandha meM kucha kaheM, isake pUrva hama AcAryazrI ke usa kAvyAtmaka avadAna kI saMkSepa meM carcA kareMge jisake kAraNa 'mUkamATI' kI racanA sambhava ho skii| phira AcAryazrI kI 'mUkamATI' hI eka aisI anupama kRti hai jo unakI akSayakIrti ko yugoM-yugoM taka akSuNNa banAe rakhane meM samartha hogii| dUsare zabdoM meM hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki 'mUkamATI' eka aisI kAlajayI kRti hai, jise samaya kI parteM usake janakalyANakArI vaibhava ko kabhI bhI dhUmila nahIM banA skeNgii| kahA gayA hai ki kavitA mana kI atala gaharAiyoM se uThatI huI anubhUtiyoM kI taraMga hai / yahI taraMgeM jaba zabdoM mAdhyama se vyakta hokara jana-jana ke hRdaya ko anuraMjita karatI huI atIndriya Ananda kI anubhUti karAtI haiM to kavitA dhanya ho jAtI hai / kavitA ko yaha gaurava 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se AcAryazrI ne nAnArUpoM meM pradAna kiyA hai| aneka kaviyoM ne kavitA kA janma vedanA aura pIr3A se mAnA hai / 'panta' ne bhI kahA hai : "viyogI hogA pahalA kavi, Aha se nikalA hogA gAna / umar3akara A~khoM se cupacApa, bahI hogI kavitA anjaan|" yahA~ para bhI kavi ke mana meM sAMsArika bhogoM meM lipta mAnava ke antahIna duHkhoM ke prati vedanA kI hUka uThI hogI aura karuNA ke bAdala kavi ke antarloka meM ghumar3ane lage hoMge, AhoM kI bijaliyA~ camakI hoMgI aura antara kA konA-konA parvata kI pIra kI taraha * pighala - pighala kara anajAna jharane kI taraha kavitA ke rUpa meM pravAhita huA hogA, tabhI to kavi ke mana meM 'narmadA ke narama kaMkara' ko zaMkara banAne kI bAta mana meM AI hogii| 'totA' ko rotA huA dekhakara kavi kA mana karuNA se bhara uThA hogA, yaha socakara kI A~suoM ke jala se antara kI malinatA jAtI rahatI hai aura mana prabhu bhakti ke lie nirmala ho tA hai| vaha (kavi) prabhu ke guNoM kA gAna karatA huA 'cetanA kI gaharAiyoM meM utarA hogA, jahA~ kevala samarpaNa kI saccI sAdhanA ke marma kI anubhUti huI hogii| paramAtmA kI sattA meM apane astitva ke visarjana kA bhAva jAgrata huA hogA / aisI sthiti meM 'DUba jAne' kI AzaMkA jAtI rahI hogI / kevala prabhu ke bhakti rUpI jala meM 'DubakI lagAne' kA bhAva hI zeSa rahA hogA / yahA~ Akara kavi bhakti ke sAgara meM avagAhana karatA hai aura isa saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahe prANiyoM T Ananda ke sAgara meM DubakI lagAne kI salAha detA hai| sRSTi ke kaNa-kaNa meM sukha, zAnti aura samRddhi phailane lage, sRSTi ke sAre santApa dUra ho jAe~ aura kaNa-kaNa meM muskAna bikhara jaae| jar3a padArtha bhI cetana ho uTheM, mahakane lageM, unameM bhI spandana zurU ho jAya to mAno kavi kA prayojana siddhi ko prApta kara le| phira aisA hI huA--' - 'mUkamATI' ke rUpa meM / AcAryazrI kI kavi kalama ke sparza se mATI bola utthii| mUkamATI to bolI hI, lagatA hai asaMkhya hRdayoM meM dharma
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________________ 270 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA anugUMja ke svara guMjAyamAna hone lge| 'mUkamATI' ne sAhitya - jagat ko Andolita kara diyaa| eka aisI halacala paidA kara dI ki vidvAn, kavi, Alocaka aura sAhitya premI isa 'mUkamATI' ke spandana ko sunane aura samajhane ke lie lAlAyita ho uThe / Aja yaha kRti sAhitya jagat meM usa sthAna kI adhikAriNI mAne jAne lagI jahA~ kavi prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI', dinakara kI 'urvazI' aura panta kA 'lokAyatana' huA thA / isalie ki mahAkAvya kI sampUrNa vizeSatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha isa kRti meM Adhunika yuga kI una mUlabhUta samasyAoM kA ucita samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai, jo kRti ke kAlajayI hone ke lie Avazyaka hai| jahA~ taka sAhitya jagat meM kisI racanAkAra kI pahacAna kA prazna hai to hama yahI kaha sakate haiM ki kisI kavi yA sAhityakAra kI ve kucha eka racanAe~ hI huA karatI haiM jo usakI pahacAna ko kAyama karatI haiN| isa dRSTi se yadi hama atIta kI ora jhA~keM to jJAta hogA ki jAyasI kI pahacAna ke lie 'padamAvata', tulasI kI pahacAna ke lie 'rAmacarita - mAnasa, kezava kI pahacAna ke lie 'rAmacandrikA, premacanda kI pahacAna ke lie 'godAna', reNu kI pahacAna ke lie 'mailA A~cala', prasAda kI pahacAna ke lie 'kAmAyanI, nirAlA kI pahacAna ke lie 'rAma kI zakti-pUjA', dinakara kI pahacAna ke lie 'urvazI, panta kI pahacAna ke lie 'lokAyatana' hai aura isI prakAra AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI sAhitya jagat meM pahacAna 'mUkamATI' ke dvArA kAyama huI / 'mUkamATI' Adhunika kAla kA aisA mahAkAvya hai jisane janamAnasa ko Andolita kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' Ane vAle samaya meM bhAratIya saMskRti ko akSuNNa banAe rakhane ke lie eka thAtI kArya kregii| yaha kRti kavi, manISI, santa aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM zikhara U~cAiyoM ko prApta kara cuke usa mahAn afa kA anubhUtigamya nicor3a hai jo ki sAdhanA ke uccatama sopAnoM ko prApta karane ke pazcAt prApta hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke anupama upahAra ko sAhitya jagat jisa kRtajJa bhAva se le rahA hai, vaha ni:sandeha atyanta zubha saMketa hai / vAstava meM dekhA jAya to 'mUkamATI' kevala eka kAvya kRti hI nahIM, varan eka aisA mahAkAvya hai jisameM bhakti, jJAna aura kavitA kI triveNI kA saMgama sabako pAvana banA detA hai| AcAryazrI ne 'mAnasa - taraMga' (pR. XXIV) meM svayaM isa mahAkAvya ke uddezya para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai : "jisane varNa-jAti-kula Adi vyavasthA-vidhAna ko nakArA nahIM hai parantu janma ke bAda AcaraNa ke anurUpa, usameM ucca-nIcatA rUpa parivartana ko svIkArA hai / isIlie 'saMkara-doSa' se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha varNa-lAbha ko mAnava jIvana kA audArya va sAphalya mAnA hai| jisane zuddha sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAma zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai / " AcAryazrI kA yaha mahAkAvya jaina darzana ke dharAtala para samakAlIna pariprekSya meM kAvyazAstra kI eka navIna bhAva - bhUmi ko prastuta karatA hai / 'mATI' ko AdhAra banAkara 'mukta chanda' meM bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi AcAryazrI kA yaha anupama aura stutya prayAsa hai jisameM kavi kI dRSTi patita se pAvana banAne kI ora dikhAI detI hai / AcAryazrI kA yaha mahAkAvya mAnava sabhyatA ke saMgharSa aura sAMskRtika vikAsa kA darpaNa hai / yaha kRti mAnavatA ko asatya se satya kI ora, hiMsA se ahiMsA kI ora, azAnti se zAnti kI ora tathA bAhya se antar kI ora le jAne vAlI aisI anyatama racanA hai, jo eka sAtha aneka prasaMgoM ko lekara calI hai| jisa taraha se vaTa-bIja se vaTa kA vizAla vRkSa banatA hai, ThIka usI taraha se nara bhI nArAyaNa banatA hai aura yaha saccI sAdhanA, upAsanA se hI sambhava hai| isI lakSya lekara mahAkavi ne isa mahat kArya ko kAvya ke rUpa meM saMskArita kiyA hai, jisakA audAtya bhAva hama 'mUkamATI' kI nimna paMktiyoM meM dekha sakate haiM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 271 "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa!" (pR. 478) 'mUkamATI' meM (kA pUrA kathAnaka) mATI ke uddhAra kI kathA kAvya rUpa meM hai / yahA~ mATI AtmA kI pratIka hai, jo bhava-bhaTakana se mukti ke lie sacce guru kI zaraNa meM svayaM sAdhanAlIna ho sukha-zAnti ke patha para cala kara svayaM paramAtmA banatI hai / arthAt mATI apane saMkara doSoM se virata hokara maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM DhalatI hai / isake pahale yaha nIti-niyamoM kI rIti se guz2arakara agni parIkSA detI hai : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai _sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|" (pR. 277) agni parIkSA ke bAda pakA huA kumbha apanI mahimA ke yaza meM apane Apa ko nahIM bhUlatA hai / vaha to mA~ dharatI, dhRti-dhAraNI, bhUmA kA hI banA rahanA cAhatA hai, jo isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki hama kitane hI vaibhavazAlI baneM, magara apanI saMskRti, apanI sabhyatA aura mATI ko na bhUleM : "dharatI kI thI, hai, rahegI/mATI yaha |/kintu/phle dharatI kI goda meM thI Aja dharatI kI chAtI para hai/kumbha ke pariveSa meN|" (pR. 299) yahA~ para 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki nirjIva pratIka bhI sajIva pAtra banakara hamAre sAmane aise prastuta hote haiM jaise ki sAkSAt vArtAlApa ho rahA ho / yahA~ para mahAkavi ne svarNa kalaza ko AtaMkavAda aura pU~jIvAda kA pratIka mAnA hai, jabaki kumbha kalaza to dIpaka ke samAna patha nirdezana karane vAlA hai : "he svarNa kalaza!/tuma to ho mazAla ke samAna, kaluSita AzayazAlI/aura/mATI kA kumbha hai patha-pradarzaka dIpa-samAna/tAmasa-nAzI sAhasa-sahaMsa svabhAvI !" (pR. 371) 'mUkamATI' kA kavi 'santa' aura 'sAdhaka' hote hue janavAdI bhI hai / kavi ne sAmAjika avyavasthAoM kA yathArtha saMketa karane ke sAtha-sAtha unakA Adarzaparaka samAdhAna bhI sahaja rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai : ___ "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!" (pR. 467) 0 "bAhubala milA hai tumheM/karo puruSArtha sahI/puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI, parizrama ke binA tuma/navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai !" (pR. 212) 'mUkamATI' meM samakAlIna rAjanIti, rAjanaitika daloM, nyAya vyavasthA, bhAgya, puruSArtha, niyati, kAla, saMskAra, moha, svapna, kalA, jIva, adhyAtma, darzana, dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa Adi kI vyAkhyA sAmayika sandarbho meM kI gaI hai /
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________________ 272 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yahA~ taka kI kavi ne samakAlIna samaya meM bar3hate hue AtaMkavAda para apanI gaharI cintA vyakta kI hai : "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda / zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha, / ye A~kheM aba / AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, ye kAna aba / AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM sakate, yaha jIvana bhI kRta saMkalpita hai ki / usakA rahe yA isakA yahA~ astitva eka kA rahegA / " (pR. 441 ) hama dekhate haiM ki Aja yaha sampUrNa sRSTi aneka saMkaToM ke daura se guz2ara rahI hai, jisameM vizvAsa kA saMkaTa sabase bar3A saMkaTa hai / arAjakatAoM kI jananI eka prakAra se avizvAsa hI hai| AcAryazrI ne 'vizvAsa bhAva' ko hRdaya meM bharane ke lie prerita kiyA hai : " kSetra kI nahIM, / AcaraNa kI dRSTi se .... isIlie ina / zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo, / hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI / avazya milegI magara / mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para !" (pR. 487-488) isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki AcAryazrI kI yaha kRti aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / samakAlIna samaya meM jIvana meM utpanna ho rahI nAnAvidha samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kavi ne jisa saralatA se kiyA hai vaha apane Apa meM ekadama sAmayika aura sArthaka hai / dUsarI ora isameM samakAlIna samaya ke jina zAzvata mUlyoM ke saMkaTa ko uThAkara unakA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI ekadama sAmayika hai| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki cAroM ora jIvana mUlyoM kA jisa tIvratA ke sAtha hrAsa ho rahA hai, usako rokane ke lie AcAryazrI kI yaha kRti apane anUThe upAyoM kA anukrama karatI hai| 'mUkamATI' pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke kAraNa panapa rahe bhautikavAda ko rokane kA eka sazakta mAdhyama bhI hai, jo isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatI hai ki jIvana kA sAra bhoga meM nahIM apitu yoga meM hai; Asakti meM nahIM virakti meM hai; virAdhana meM nahIM ArAdhana meM hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki 'mUkamATI' sAhitya jagat meM kAlajayI hone kI sazakta dAvedAra racanA bana gaI hai| AcAryazrI kI 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI kavitA ke kSetra meM jina mAna binduoM ko lekara upasthita huI hai, usane jIvana meM hatAzA, parAjaya aura kuNThA ke sthAna para jisa AzA, puruSArtha aura sthAI mUlyoM kA saMcAra kiyA, vaha apane Apa meM anyatama hI mAnA jaaegaa| 'mUkamATI' hameM AdarzavAdI samAja kI saMracanA kI dRSTi detI hai, sadAcaraNa kI zikSA detI hai aura sAtha hI sAtha eka aisI jIvana dRSTi bhI pradAna karatI hai jisase vyakti sAdhaka kI zreNI meM pahu~ca jAtA hai / DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' kI kRti 'mUkamATI : eka dArzanika mahAkRti' ke anusAra : "AdhunikatA kI paramparA se haTakara 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ne sAmudAyika cetanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM AdhyAtmika abhyutthAna ko jisa rUpa meM unmeSita kiyA hai, vaha vAstava meM bejor3a hai|" isa rUpa meM 'mUkamATI' naI kavitA kA eka sazakta hastAkSara hai / kula milAkara 'mUkamATI' ke viSaya meM itanA kahanA hI paryApta hogA : 1. 'mUkamATI' Adhunika yuga kA eka aisA mahAkAvya hai jisameM sAmayika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna atyanta saralatA sAtha kiyA gayA hai| 2. vijJAna ke isa vinAzakArI yuga meM isa kRti ke mAdhyama se aise sUtroM kA sUtrapAta huA hai jise aMgIkAra kara isa vizvavyApI vinAza ko rokA jA sakatA hai| vizva zAnti sthApita karane meM ye sUtra mUlamantra haiM /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 273 3. 'mUkamATI' ko par3hane ke uparAnta vikArayukta hRdaya bhI nirmala bana jAtA hai / aisI sthiti meM bhautikatA ke kIcar3a meM pha~sI yaha sRSTi isa kRti ke dvArA apanA Atma kalyANa kara sakatI hai| 4. 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se AcAryazrI ne satyaM, zivaM aura sundaram kI virAT abhivyakti ke mukti dvAra kholane meM jisa kalAtmakatA kA paricaya diyA hai, usase sarala hRdayoM meM dharma, darzana, karma, saMskRti aura adhyAtma ke pAvana paMcAmRta kI svAbhAvikatA kI sahaja anubhUti hone lagatI hai| 5. isa dharitrI ke ve 'santa' mahAn haiM jo apanI racanAdharmitA ke dvArA isa sAMsArika jagat ko samasta santApoM se mukta karane ke lie bhagIratha prayatna kara rahe haiM / isa dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' ke dvArA jina-vANI ke prasAda ko yadi hama saba sampUrNa bhArata varSa meM bA~Tane ke lie kRta-saMkalpa ho jAe~ to isa sRSTi kA kalyANa hone meM dera nahIM lgegii| 6. 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se 'jJAna jAgaraNa' kA aisA sandeza dvAra-dvAra taka pahu~canA cAhie jisase ki saMsAra ke digbhramita prANI sahI dizA prApta kara skeN| yadi aisA huA to niHsandeha sadiyA~ AcAryazrI ke isa avadAna ko kabhI vismRta nahIM kara paaeNgii| 7. jaba eka kuzala racanAkAra jIvana aura jagat kI mArmika saMvedanAoM kI atala gaharAiyoM meM utara jAtA hai taba usakI racanA phira kisI koza' kA anusaraNa nahIM karatI varan kozakAroM ke lie eka naI zabdAvalI pradAna karatI hai / 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI kI racanAtmaka atalatA ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki ve vipula aura vismayakArI zabda bhaNDAra ke svAmI haiM aura yahI vajaha hai ki unake akSara-akSara meM zabdatva kI anugUMja sunAI par3atI hai / unhoMne zabdoM ko nae artha, nae pariveza ke raMga-biraMge paridhAna pahanAe haiN| isIlie unheM 'zabdoM kA jAdUgara' kahA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' mAtra eka kRti hI nahIM, sampUrNa sRSTi kA vaha sAratattva hai, jise Aja taka koI sAhityakAra kisI eka racanA meM saMyojita karane kA durlabha prayAsa nahIM kara sakA aura na kara paaegaa| ata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki 'mUkamATI' eka aisI racanA hai jisane sAhitya jagat kI manISA ko jhaMkRta karane ke sAtha-sAtha isa bAta para vicAra karane ke lie sAhityakAroM ko vivaza kiyA hai ki Aja taka kisI sAhityakAra kI kisI kRti para itanA vicAra-vimarza nahIM huA jitanA ki 'mUkamATI' para / saca to yaha hai ki 'mUkamATI' ne logoM ko itanA adhika bolane para vivaza kiyA hai ki jisakA koI anta nhiiN| isIlie deza-videza ke lagabhaga tIna sau samIkSakoM ke dvArA 'mUkamATI' para samIkSAe~ likhe jAne ke bAvajUda bhI vidvAn yahI kahate haiM na iti, na iti'- arthAt abhI bhI kAfI kucha kahanA zeSa hai / bs| pR. 24 'utpApavyaya-prauDhayabhuktaM satsantoM se yaTasUtra milA? isame ananta kI asimA simara-sI gaI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': bhAratIya sAhitya kI anupama kRti DaoN. zrIrAma parihAra pUjyapAda zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' bhAratIya sAhitya kI anupama kRti hai / mATI jaisI sAmAnya aura sarvathA upekSita vastu ko Apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA aura use mahAkAvyAtmaka zailI meM darzana kI U~cAI dI, yaha asAdhAraNa pratibhA kA kArya hai / yaha eka mAnavIya kAvya hai jo miTTI kI kahAnI ke mAdhyama se zabdabaddha huA hai| AcAryazrI kI dRSTi manuSya ke jIvana khaNDa ke usa zikhara para pahu~catI hai, jahA~ manuSya ke sukha ke sAtha vizvakalyANa jhilamilAtA rahatA hai| manuSya ke sukhoM ke sandarbha meM unakI racanA-dRSTi bhautika sukhoM taka sImita nahIM rahatI hai, balki anekAnta darzana ke mAdhyama se jIvana jagat kI talAza karatI hai| "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai/jise/prApta hone ke bAda, yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai/tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) 'mUkamATI' kI kathA mATI ke jarie vizva-darzana ke andara chupe satya ko pAne kI hai| kavi prakArAntara se bhaviSyadraSTA hotA hai aura vaha kavi yadi santa hai to vaha trikAlajJa hotA hai / vaha cIz2oM ko dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekhatA hai aura kucha nahIM dekhate hue bhI saba kucha dekhatA hai / yaha saba kucha dekhanA, saba kucha jAna lene para hI sambhava hai / bhItara se pUrNataH spaSTa hone para hI mumakina hai| yaha spaSTatA darzana ke rAste aura AsAna ho jAtI hai| jaina darzana vizva aura usake upakaraNoM ko apane tarIke se dekhatA hai / vaha sRSTi aura usake astitva ko svIkAra karate hue usake mUla taka pahu~catA hai| isIlie mATI jaisI sAdhAraNa vastu ko bhI AcAryazrI kI kalama usake nirmANa ko sarvottama nirdiSTa karatI hai : "kumbha ke vimala-darpaNa meM/santa kA avatAra huA hai/aura kumbha ke nikhila arpaNa meM/santa kA AbhAra huA hai|" (pR. 354-355) 'mUkamATI' jIvana ke satya ko kSaNabhaMguratA ke stara para saMketita karake apanI iti nahIM kara letI, balki jIvana ke saMgharSa aura usakI sUjha ko bhI rekhAMkita karatI hai / ina arthoM meM yaha racanA saMsAra se palAyana kA sandeza nahIM detI, use samajhane aura use adhikAdhika acchA banAne kI preraNA detI hai| isa kRti meM kavi aura santa kI dRSTi tathA upadeza donoM eka sAtha kAma karate haiM / kavi isameM jIvana ke vyavahAra ko vyavasthApita karatA huA usakI dizA taya karatA hai aura AcAryazrI kA santa usa dizA kA gantavya lakSyita karatA hai / isa prakriyA meM ve jainamata ke siddhAntoM ko bar3I kuzalatA se gUMthate calate haiM aura manuSya ke vyAvahArika dharAtala para rUpAyita karate haiN| ve siddhAntoM ko AcaraNa kI z2amIna para utArakara unakI mahattA ko aura-aura puSTa karate haiN| . eka yAtrA hai jIvana kI, sRSTi kii| yaha yAtrA janma aura mokSa ke do choroM ke bIca dhAvita hai| isameM aneka bindu kAma karate haiN| eka bindu kA hI vaise to sArA pasArA hai, parantu una bUMda ke choTe-choTe katare manuSya meM sarjana ke bIjAMkuroM ko poSita aura pallavita-puSpita karate rahate haiN| AsthA ko isI artha meM kavi ne vyApaka sandarbha die haiN| daraasala yaha kAvya manuSya jIvana kA nItizAstra hai evaM AsthA, sAdhanA, satya, brahmacarya, asteya, aparigraha, acaurya kI kAvyamaya prastuti karate hue kavi jIvana ke rahasyoM ko kholatA calatA hai aura sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta karatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 275 " "dhamma saraNaM pavvajjAmi"/isa mantra ko bhAvita karatI huI AsthA usakI/aura Azvasta hotI jA rahI hai|" (pR. 75) du:kha manuSya kA satya nahIM hai / sukha bhI usakA sadaiva kahA~ sAtha detA hai / sAdhanA kI sthiti meM duHkha ke kAraNa ko jAna lenA aura usase ubara jAnA hI eka taraha kA satya mArga hai / sukha bhI to chalAvA hai / isalie inase Upara uThakara saMsAra ko syAdvAda se samajhanA hI zreyaskara hai| koziza yaha rahe ki miTTI, aparimita miTTI parimita AkAra pA jaae| sughar3a svarUpa pA jAe / yAtrA kA carama use prApta ho sake / isakI sundara dhvani 'mUkamATI' meM sunAI detI hai / miTTI kA sughar3a ghaTa bananA hI upekSita vastu kA sarvottama bana jAnA hai| jIva ko usakA apekSita mila jAnA hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya sAhitya hI nahIM, jIvana kI amUlya dharohara sAbita hogaa| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke zrIcaraNoM meM zata-zata namana sahita / VURUGU pR. 1 parasaropagro jIvAnAm--- jiivnaacirNjiivnaa| saMjIvana 11 'ciraMjIvana
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA kA anUThA evaM ullekhanIya mahAkAvya pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda ahiravAla 'jyoti' 'mUkamATI' Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA meM eka anUThI evaM ullekhanIya kAvya sRjanA hai| isakI sRjanA bhAratIya jIvana darzana ko eka nae sire se socane, vicArane evaM manana karane kI prakriyA ko eka nayI cintanadhArA pradAna hai / 'mUkamATI' ne AdhyAtmika, dArzanika, dhArmika dharAtala para hI nahIM varan jIvana-jagat ke sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika, vaicArika, manovizleSaNAtmaka, vyAvahArika bhAva vIthiyoM kI mAnavIya antardvandva kI granthiyoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| itanA hI nahIM, isakI sRjanA ne yuga kI prAsaMgikatA evaM sama-sAmayikatA para socane ko majabUra kiyA hai| jIvana kI pUrNatA gRhastha yA vairAgya athavA pravRtti yA nivRtti rUpa eka pakSa vizeSa kI pUrNatA se sampUrNatA kI paryAya nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai varan jIvana kI pUrNatA donoM ke samanvaya, sAmaMjasya meM sannihita hai / rAga aura virAga, pravRtti aura nivRtti, gRhastha aura saMnyAsa, jIvana aura maraNa tathA jar3a aura cetana ke madhya samyak dRSTi kA honA hI bhAratIya cintanadhArA kI mUla preraNA rahI hai| isIlie bhAratIya jIvana darzana saMsAra ke zreSThatama jIvana darzanoM meM se eka hai| digambara jaina santa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kI lekhanI ne vidyA ke athAha, agAdha sAgara meM gotA lagAkara bhAvarUpI muktAoM ko cuna-cunakara mUkamATI ke kalevara aura usakI AtmA ko samhAlA hai| santa AcArya kI lekhanI se prasUta 'mUkamATI' hindI mahAkAvya paramparA kI eka amUlya dharohara hai| yaha eka aisI utkRSTa amara kAvyakRti hai, jisase mATI kA kaNa-kaNa spandanayukta ho sajIva, prANavAn ho uThA hai| yahA~ kahane mAtra ko mUkamATI hai, para mUka yAnI jo bole nahIM yA na bolane vAlI, gU~gI / aura mATI yAnI hIrA, motI, sonA, rUpA (cA~dI) ugalane vAlI miTTI vaha lokahitakArI maMgala ghaTa kI sRjanakartrI hai jo mAtra zobhA kA pAtra banakara nahIM rahatI, varan vaha pipAsAtrasta, kSudhAtrasta, saMsAra yA mAnavatA kI, yuga-yuga kI pyAsa tRpta karatI AI hai| santa AcArya kI lekhanI ne mUkamATI meM prANa phU~kakara, usakI amaratA ko bhI amaratva pradAna kiyA hai jo maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM saMsAra ke sAmane hai| surA se bhare svarNakalaza aura amRta se bhare miTTI ke ghar3e kI pahacAna mAtra UparI AvaraNa yA camaka-damaka se nahIM lagAI jAkara, usameM bharI surA aura amRta ke AsvAdana se hI jAnI jA sakatI hai| mATI jaisI akiMcana, padadalita, tuccha evaM yuga-yuga se upekSita vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAne kalpanA hI AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI apanI maulika, anokhI sUjhabUjha kI pratIka yA udbhAvanA hai, jo mUkamATI kI tucchatA meM jar3atva va caitanya kA samanvaya, dvaita va advaita kA ekatva, bhAratIya cintanadhArA kI navonmeSamayI vicAradhArA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke divya darzana karAtI hai / mATI kI tucchatA evaM mUkatA meM carama bhavyatA ke darzana kara, santa AcArya ne usakI vizuddhatA ke upakrama ko maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai tathA mATI kI mUka vedanA evaM vANI kI AkAMkSA ko vANI pradAna kI hai| jar3atva se cetanatA, maraNa se amaratA aura patana se vikAsa tathA hrAsa se sRjana kI saphala yAtrA kA digdarzana karAyA hai| santa AcArya ne saMsAra kI nimna se nimna, tuccha se tuccha evaM upekSita se bhI upekSita vastu kI mahattA ko samajhA hai, aura pratipAdita kiyA hai isa kahAvatAnusAra : " rahimana dekha bar3ana ko, laghu na dIjai DAri / jahA~ kAma Avai suI, kahA~ kare talavAri // "" arthAt hameM bar3e ko dekhakara choToM ko nahIM tyAganA cAhie yA bar3oM kI tulanA meM choToM kI upekSA nahIM karanA cAhie /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 277 bhAratIya cintanadhArA kI isa mUla bhAvanA ke darzana meM santa AcArya kI gaharI paiTha hai, taba hI to unhoMne 'mUkamATI' jaise tuccha samajhe jAne vAle viSaya meM bhavyatA evaM divyatA ke darzana kraae| yahI zramaNa saMskRti ke sampoSaka jaina darzana kI AdhArazilA hai | sampUrNa jaina darzana apane mUlabhUta siddhAnta - samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra para AdhArita hai / isake mukhya avayava ahiMsA, aparigraha, anekAnta, AtmavAda aura karmavAda haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki indriyoM, aham aura AtmA para vijaya pAne jina - mahAvIra saMsAra meM virale hI hue haiN| saMsAra ke bAhya yuddha para vijaya prApta karane kI apekSA Antarika jIvana ke dvandva athavA antardvandva ko jisa vIratA se ina tIrthaMkaroM yA mahAvIroM ne jItA hai, vahI darzana, vahI siddhAnta jaina darzana, zramaNa saMskRti kI AdhArazilA banA / teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI bhA~ti caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne bhI saMsAra ke sAmane jisa darzana ko vyAvahArika rUpa pradAna kiyA, vahI Aja jaina darzana ke rUpa meM jAnA aura mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra jaina saMskRti ke maulika tattva haiM / jaina AgamoM ne jIvana kI kaluSatA ko miTAne ke lie inhIM para vizeSa bala diyA hai| 'jiyo aura jIne do' ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para hama jIvana ke kisI bhI kSetra meM saphalatA prApta kara sakate haiN| jaina darzana saMsAra ke pramukha darzanoM meM se eka hai, pUrNata: AtmA kI zuddhi para AdhArita hai aura anya darzanoM kI apekSA adhika gahana evaM sUkSma bhI hai| jisa prakAra (kucha darzana) sRSTi sRjanA kA dAyitva brahmA kA mAnate haiM, usI prakAra kAvya sRjanA kA kartavya kavi kA hai / kumbhakAra apane kartRtva- sRjana kA brahmA hotA hai| usakI sRjanA apanI nijI, maulika evaM anUThI hotI hai / kumbhakAra zilpI apane sRjana saMsAra kA karttA, dharttA evaM svAmI hotA hai| kumbhakAra zilpI mUkamATI kI dhruvatA evaM bhavya sattA ko pahacAnakara, kUTa-chAnakara, varNa saMkara kaMkara ko haTAkara use nirmala mRdulatA kA varNa lAbha detA hai / usakA ghaTa-sRjana kA zrama varNanAtIta hai| raMga rogana karanA, usakI kalAkArI pravRtti, aura mRdulatA tathA tRpti hetu sahArA denA usakI gurutA hai| phira cAka para car3hAkara, avA meM tapAkara use aisI maMjila taka pahu~cAnA, jahA~ vaha pUjA kA maMgala ghaTa banakara jIvana kI sArthakatA prApta karatA hai / yahI usake jIvana kA lakSya hai / bhAratIya kAvyazAstra ke anusAra mahAkAvyoM ke jina lakSaNoM yA vizeSatAoM kI vivecanA kI jAtI hai, cAhe ve isa mahAkAvya ke sandarbha meM kasauTI para khare utarate hoM yA nahIM, parantu isameM do mata nahIM hai ki ise khaNDakAvya yA mAtra kAvya kahanA, isake prati ghora anyAya hI hogA / kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha kAvya athavA khaNDakAvya ke usa kalevara evaM viSaya vastu kI vyApakatA se bahuta Age kA hai / ata: isakI samyak samIkSA isa bAta ko spaSTata: pramANita kara detI hai ki 'mUkamATI' Adhunika yuga kA eka mahattvapUrNa mahAkAvya hai| cU~ki mahAkAvya kI paramparAgata paribhASA ke caukhaTe meM use kar3anA sambhava nahIM hai, phira bhI, yadi vicAra kareM to cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita yaha kAvya lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM meM samAhita hai evaM parimANa kI dRSTi se mahAkAvya kI sImAoM ko chUtA hai| yugAnusAra evaM yugAnukUla paribhASAe~ bhI apanA pariveza badalatI haiN| 'mUkamATI' apane yuga kI eka aisI hI sRjanA hai jo mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNoM evaM vizeSatAoM ko apanI sImA meM samAhita kie hue hai| 'mUkamATI' Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA kA eka mahattvapUrNa mahAkAvya hai, jise santa kavi ne cAra vibhinna khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama khaNDa kA pahalA pRSTha kholate hI mahAkAvya ke anurUpa prAkRtika paridRzya mukhara ho uThatA hai / 'sImAtIta zUnya kI nIlimA' ko sUryodaya eka nayA AkAra pradAna karatA hai aura sArA saMsAra dRzyamAna ho uThatA hai, taba mA~ 'dharatI' aura beTI 'mATI' kA parisaMvAda kAvyAtmaka rUpa meM vigata yugoM kI dAstAna sunAte hue prArambha ho jAtA hai| beTI 'mATI' apanI antarvedanA ina zabdoM meM vyakta karatI huI kaha rahI hai :
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________________ 278 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA itanA hI nahIM : " svayaM patitA hU~ / aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, *** adhama pApiyoM se/pada- dalitA hU~ mA~ ! " (pR. 4) "sukha-muktA hU~ / du:kha - yuktA hU~ / tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ ! " (pR. 4) beTI 'mATI' apanI avyakta pIr3A aura antarvedanA kisake sAmane vyakta kare, kyoMki vaha ghuTana chupAtI - chupAtI ghU~Ta pItI-pItI jItI A rahI hai aura mA~ dharatI se bAra-bAra pUchatI hai : "... suno, / vilamba mata karo pada do, patha do / pAtheya bhI do mA~ ! " (pR. 5) kucha kSaNa ke mauna ke bAda ve eka-dUsare ko tAkatI haiN| mA~ dharatI aura beTI mATI kA yaha vArtAlApa kAphI lambA calatA hai aura ve apane bIte yugoM kI smRtiyoM ko puna: puna: tAjA karatI haiN| mATI kI vedanA, vyathA itanI tIvratA aura mArmikatA se vyakta huI hai ki karuNA sAkAra ho jAtI hai| mA~-beTI kA yaha vArtAlApa kSaNa-kSaNa meM saritA kI dhArA ke samAna acAnaka nayA mor3a letA jAtA hai aura dArzanika cintana mukhara ho jAtA hai| pratyeka tathya tattva darzana kI udbhAvanA meM apanI sArthakatA pAtA hai / prasaMga aura pariveza ke anurUpa mAnavIya jIvana darzana paribhASita hotA jAtA hai| sabhI to hai ki 'AsthA ke binA rAstA nahIM' (pR. 10), kyoMki : aura kumbhakAra : "kabhI-kabhI / gati yA pragati ke abhAva meM / AsthA ke pada ThaNDe par3ate haiM, dhRti, sAhasa, utsAha bhI / Aha bharate haiM / " (pR. 13) isalie AsthAvAn puruSa ko haradama udyamI hokara apane karttavya patha para DaTe rahanA caahie| santa kavi jIvana prasaMga ke aneka uddharaNa prastuta karate hue udyamI puruSa ke rUpa meM kumbhakAra ko apane karttavya patha para ArUr3ha dikhAkara mATI ke pAsa lAkara khar3A kara detA hai / yahA~ kumbhakAra ko apane pAsa khar3A dekhakara mATI eka pala ko pulakita ho uThatI hai : "phUlI nahIM samAtI,/ bholI mATI yaha ghATI kI ora hI / apalaka tAka rahI hai|" (pR. 25) " vaha eka kuzala zilpI hai ! / usakA zilpa / kaNa-kaNa ke rUpa meM bikharI mATI ko / nAnA rUpa pradAna karatA hai|" (pR. 27) yuga ke Adi meM usakA nAma kumbhakAra kyoM par3A, santa kavi ke hI zabdoM meM : "yuga ke Adi meM / isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai / kumbhakAra ! 'kuM' yAnI dharatI / aura / 'bha' yAnI bhAgya - / yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho / kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 279 kartavyArUr3ha udyamI kumbhakAra sarvaprathama oMkAra ko namana karatA hai aura krUra kudAlI se mATI ko khodatA hai / krUra kudAlI ke prahAra-para-prahAra hone para bhI mATI usakI nirmamatA aura adayA se vicalita nahIM hotI aura use nirantara sahatI jAtI hai| vaha jo Aja hI sahana nahIM kara rahI, yuga-yugoM se sahana karatI AyI hai : "mATI kA itihAsa/mATI ke mukha se suna zilpI sahaja kaha uThA/ki/vAstavika jIvana yahI hai|" (pR. 33) kumbhakAra mATI ko bore meM bharakara, gadhe kI pITha para rakhakara apane ghara lAtA hai aura use tAra vAlI cAlanI se chAnatA hai / svayaM zilpI cAlanI kA cAlaka banatA hai / mATI jo abhI taka varNa-saMkara thI, jisameM usakI prakRti ke viparIta bemela tattva kaMkara Adi A mile the, unheM chAnakara haTA diyA jAtA hai / aura taba vaha apanA maulika varNa-lAbha prApta karatI hai| bojhA Dhone vAlA gadahA bhagavAn se prArthanA karatA hai : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho!/yAnI/'gada' kA artha hai roga 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banUM/"basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA"gadahA!" (pR. 40) santa kavi kahate haiM ki yaha gadahA to yuga-yuga kA rAhI hai / taba hI to vaha rAhI se hIrA banA evaM hameM tana aura mana ko tapa kI Aga meM tapA-tapAkara, jalA-jalAkara, rAkha karanA hogA, tabhI yaha cetana AtmA kharA utaregI : "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/rA"kha"kha"rA"" (pR. 57) santa kavi kI zabda sAdhanA se aneka Antarika artha jIvana darzana ko aneka prakAra se paribhASita karate haiN| "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" kA artha hI badala gayA hai aura usakA AdhunikIkaraNa hokara artha dhana yA dravya se jur3a gayA hai : " 'vasu' yAnI dhana-dravya/'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja ___ dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) - "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" kI bhAvanA aba sahaja, sulabha nahIM hai| isakA darzana "...bhArata meM nahIM,/mahA-bhArata meM dekho ! bhArata meM darzana svAratha kA hotA hai / " (pR. 82) yahI kaliyuga kI sahI pahacAna hai, kyoMki : "sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !" (pR. 83) santa kavi AzAvAdI hai / vaha nirAzA ke isa kuhAse meM AzA kI eka kiraNa kI tAka meM hai, tabhI to : "TUTA-phUTA/phaTA huA yaha jIvana jur3a jAya basa, kisI taraha/zAzvata-sat se|" (pR. 85) mahAkAvya ke dUsare khaNDa kA prArambha zilpI kumbhakAra dvArA mATI ko eka nayA rUpa dene se prArambha hotA hai :
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________________ 280 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "lo, aba zilpI/kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI meM/mAtrAnukUla milAtA hai chanA nirmala jala / / nUtana prANa phUMka rahA hai/mATI ke jIvana meM karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meN|" (pR.89) tabhI eka ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai aura mATI ko khodane kI prakriyA meM kumbhakAra kI kudAlI eka kA~Te ke mAthe para jA lagatI hai aura usakA sira phaTa jAtA hai, jisakA pratizodha lenA cAhate hue bhI vaha asamartha rahatA hai / taba kumbhakAra apanI asAvadhAnI para glAni se bhara jAtA hai aura kSamA mA~gatA hai| santa kavi sAhityabodha ko aneka AyAmoM meM aMkita karate haiM aura nava rasoM ko yugAnukUla paribhASita kara saMgIta kI antaraMga prakRti kA pratipAdana karate haiN| jIvana meM ina nava rasoM kI kyA upAdeyatA hai aura ina rasoM ke abhAva meM mAnava jIvana kyoM nIrasa yA mRtaprAya ho jAtA hai, Adi praznoM kA ve samAdhAna bhI karate haiN| mAnava jIvana meM nava rasa kI saritA apane uddAma vega se uphanatI, jhalakatI, bIbhatsa aura bhayAnaka rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| vaha kabhI ha~satI hai, to kabhI rulAtI hai, kabhI zAnta aura kabhI karuNA kI mUrti bana jAtI hai, kyoMki karuNa rasa jIvana kA prANa tattva hai| "ghUmate cakra para/loMdA rakhatA hai mATI kA loMdA bhI ghUmane lagatA hai-/cakravat teja-gati se / " (pR. 160) 'saMsAra' zabda kA artha-bodha karAte hue kavi kahatA hai : " 'sR' dhAtu gati ke artha meM AtI hai,/'saM' yAnI samIcIna sAra yAnI sarakanA"/jo samyak sarakatA hai/vaha saMsAra kahalAtA hai| ...isI kA pariNAma hai ki/cAra gatiyoM, caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM cakkara khAtI A rahI huuN|" (pR. 161) phira zilpI kumbhakAra cakra para se kumbha ko utAratA hai aura usake gIlepana ke sUkhane para soTa se coTa kara, kumbha ke khoTa nikAlatA hai : "hAtha kI oTa kI ora dekhane se/dayA kA darzana hotA hai, mAtra coTa kI ora dekhane se/nirdayatA uphanatI-sI lagatI hai parantu,/coTa khoTa para hai nA!/sAvadhAnI barata rahI hai| zilpI kI A~kheM palakatI nahIM haiM/tabhI to""/isane kumbha ko sundara rUpa de ghoTama-ghoTa kiyA hai / " (pR. 165) taba zilpI kumbhakAra apane kumbha para vicitra prakAra ke citroM ko ukeratA hai, jo bina bole hI jIvana sandeza dene ke pratIka hote haiN| siMha kA citra jahA~ vIratA aura mAyAcAra se dUra rahane kA pratIka hai, vahIM zvAna kA citra zvAnasaMskRti kA pratIka hotA hai : "zvAna-sabhyatA-saMskRti kI/isIlie nindA hotI hai/ki vaha apanI jAti ko dekha kara/dharatI khodatA, gurrAtA hai| siMha apanI jAti meM milakara jItA hai,/rAjA kI vRtti aisI hI hotI hai,
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________________ honI bhI cAhie / / koI-koI zvAna / pAgala bhI hote haiM / aura ve jinheM kATate haiM ve bhI pAgala ho zvAna - sama/bhauMkate hue niyama se kucha hI dinoM meM mara jAte haiM, / parantu / kabhI bhI yaha nahIM sunA ki siMha pAgala huA ho / " (pR. 171) kachuvA aura kharagoza ke citra bhI jIvana meM lakSya prApti ke pratIka haiN| 'hI' aura 'bhI' bIjAkSara rUpa meM haiM : "ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, / apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai / 'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / 'bhI' hai bhAratIya saMskRti, bhAgya-vidhAtA / rAvaNa thA 'hI' kA upAsaka / rAma ke bhItara 'bhI' baiThA thA / yahI kAraNa ki/rAma upAsya hue, haiM, raheMge Age bhI / " (pR. 172 - 173) ... mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 281 tIsare khaNDa kA prArambha jaina darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta - samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra se hotA hai / mana, vacana aura karma kI nirmalatA se zubha karmoM kA sampAdana hotA hai tathA loka-kalyANa kI kAmanA se puNya upArjita hotA hai / kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mAyA aura matsara se mana, vANI apavitra hotI hai aura pApa upajatA hai / inake zamana se AtmA nirmala aura pavitra hotI hai / santa kavi kI vANI hai| : 'jala ko jar3atva se mukta kara / muktA-phala banAnA, patana ke garta se nikAla kara / uttuMga - utthAna para dharanA, dhRti-dhAriNI dharA kA dhyeya hai| / yahI dayA-dharma hai /yahI jiyA-karma hai|" (pR.193) santoM kA yahI dhyeya hotA hai / puNya karma ke sampAdana meM mATI kI vikAsa kathA se upajI zreyaskara upalabdhi ke citraNa meM zilpI kumbhakAra kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai / zilpI kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM apakva kumbhoM para muktAoM kA varSaNa hotA hai aura dharatI para megha se megha - muktA kA avatAra hotA hai / rAjA ko bhI yaha samAcAra prApta hotA hai / ina motiyoM kI varSA kA samAcAra sunakara rAjA kI maNDalI muktA rAzi ko boriyoM meM bharatI hai, jyoM hI maNDalI muktAoM bharatI hai, tyoM hI gagana meM guru- gambhIra garjanA hotI hai : 'anartha anartha kyA kara rahe Apa bAhubala milA hai tumheM / karo puruSArtha sahI puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI / " (pR. 211 ) anartha !/ pApa pApa pApa ! - ?/ parizrama karo / pasInA bahAo isI bIca kumbhakAra kA AnA hotA hai aura usakI A~khoM meM vismaya, viSAda aura virati kI tIna rekhAe~ khiMca jAtI haiN| vizAla janasamUha ko dekhakara use vismaya huA to rAjA kI maNDalI kA mUrcchita hone para rAjA ko anubhUta huA ki kisI mantra zakti dvArA use kIlita kiyA gayA jo viSAda kA kAraNa lagA tathA strI aura zrI ke caMgula meM pha~se rahanA usakI virati kA kAraNa hai / isa durghaTanA se zilpI kumbhakAra du:khI hotA hai aura prabhu se prArthanA karatA hai ki isa maMgalamaya prAMgaNa meM yaha daMgala kyoM ho rahA hai ? vaha socatA hai ki kyA yaha usake puNya kA paripAka hai yA pApa kA
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________________ 282 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prakSAlana? anta meM, usakI pavitrAtmA kI karuNa pukAra suna lI jAtI hai : "maNDalI-sameta rAja-mukha se/turanta nikalatI hai dhvani 'satya-dharma kI jaya ho !/satya-dharma kI jaya ho' !!" (pR. 216) zilpI kumbhakAra vicAra manthana kara sva-viveka se nirNaya letA hai ki vAstava meM muktA rAzi para rAjA kA hI adhikAra hai, ata: vaha unheM samarpita kara detA hai / usakA yahI tyAga aura samarpaNa samyak darzana ke samatulya hai, jisakI prazaMsA karane meM santa kavi kI lekhanI bhI nahIM sakucAtI hai| apanI zabda sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se Antarika artha prakaTa karatI huI santa kavi kI lekhanI samAja nirmANa meM nArI kI ahaM bhUmikA kI mahattA kA bhI pratipAdana karatI hai| ve nArI ke zAnta-saMyata rUpa kI, zAlInatA kI sarAhanA karate haiM aura usake prati Adara aura AsthA ke bhAva prakaTa karate haiN| vibhinna rUpA nArI, karuNA kI kArikA rUpa meM 'nArI' hai to dharma, artha puruSArtha meM puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAne vAlI 'strI' hai; jIvana meM maMgalamaya mahotsava lAne vAlI mahilA' hai to timira tAmasatA miTAkara jJAna-jyoti jalAne vAlI 'abalA' hai; laukika sarva maMgalakAriNI 'kumArI' hai to sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota, bhAvadharma, sArabhUtA 'sutA' hai; ubhaya kula maMgalavardhinI, ubhaya loka sukha-sarjinI, sva-parahita sampAdikA 'duhitA' hai to sabakI AdhArazilA, sabakI jananI, mAtRtattva se yukta 'mAtA' kI mahimA kA guNagAna kauna kara sakatA hai ? kathA pravAha ke tAratamya meM dharatI kI gambhIratA aura sahanazIlatA kI kIrti ko dekha-sunakara sAgara ko bhI kSobha aura IrSyA hotI hai| dharatI saba ratnoM kI khAna hai to sAgara kSArayukta lavaNa kA bhaNDAra / donoM eka dUsare kI viparIta prakRti aura svabhAva ke haiN| sAgara ke isa kSobha kA pratipakSI bar3avAnala banatA hai / taba sAgara usa para vyaMgya karatA huA kahatA hai: "kathanI aura karanI meM bahuta antara hai,/jo kahatA hai vaha karatA nahIM aura/jo karatA hai vaha kahatA nahIM,/yU~ ThahAkA letA huA sAgara vyaMga kasatA hai puna:/Upara se sUraja jala rahA hai/nIce se tuma ubala rahe ho! aura/bIca meM rahakara bhI yaha sAgara/kaba jalA, kaba ubalA? isakA zItala-zIla'' yaha/kaba badalA?" (pR. 225-226) isI bIca sAgara se tIna ghana bAdaloM kI umar3ana hotI hai, jo kRSNa, nIla evaM kApota lezyAoM ke pratIka haiN| sAgara taba savitA-zatru rAhu kA AhvAna karatA hai aura rAhu dvArA sUrya ko grasta karane se sUryagrahaNa hotA hai / indra dvArA meghoM para vajra-prahAra hotA hai taba oloM kI varSA aura pralaMyakArI dRzya upasthita ho jAtA hai : "Upara aNu kI zakti kAma kara rahI hai to idhara "nIce/manu kI zakti vidyamAna ! ...eka mAraka hai/eka tAraka; eka vijJAna hai/jisakI AjIvikA tarkaNA hai; eka AsthA hai/jise AjIvikA kI cintA nhiiN|" (pR. 249) jaba sAdhaka zilpI upAsya kI upAsanA meM DUbakara sAdhanArata hotA hai, taba use apane lakSya-bhedana kI dRSTi
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 283 prApta hotI hai aura vaha usa ora nirantara Age bar3hatA hI jAtA hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI caahie|" (pR. 267) caturtha aura antima khaNDa kA phalaka itanA vistRta aura aneka kathA-prasaMgoM ko apane meM samAe hue hai ki usakA sAra-saMkSepa denA bhI kaThina hai / isa khaNDa kA prArambha zilpI kumbhakAra dvArA sRjita ghaTa ko eka rUpAkAra dekara ave meM tapAne kI taiyArI karane aura use agni parIkSA meM kharA utarane se hotA hai : "idhara dharatI kA dila/dahala uThA, hila uThA hai, adhara dharatI ke kaiMpa uThe haiM/ghRti nAma kI vastu vaha dikhatI nahIM kahIM bhii|" (pR. 269) ave ke nicale bhAga meM babUla kI lakar3iyA~ bichAI jAtI haiM aura bIca meM kumbhoM ko kramabaddhatAnusAra sAjasamhAla kara rakhA jAtA hai, jinheM babUla, nIma, devadAru kI lakar3iyoM se DhaMka diyA jAtA hai aura ave meM agni prajvalita kara dI jAtI hai / agni kI lapaToM se lakar3I jalatI hai, sulagatI hai, lapaTa nikalatI hai aura bujhatI hai / lakar3iyoM ke jalane, sulagane kI antarvyathA akathanIya hai, avarNanIya hai| zilpI kumbhakAra unheM bAra-bAra prajvalita karatA hai| vaha dhUmra dekara bujhatI haiM, jalatI haiN| eka ora apakva kumbha apanI antarvyathA kahatA hai to dUsarI ora babUla kI lakar3iyoM kI vyathA-kathA / yahA~ antardarzana kI taraha anta:srotA saritA kI kathA sadRza nirantara pravahamAna dikhAI detI hai / yahA~ karuNA ko bhI karuNA A jAtI hai, yathA : "pUrA-kA-pUrA avA dhUma se bhara uThA/tIvra gati se dhUma ghUma rahA hai avA meM pralayakAlIna cakravAta-sama/aura kucha nahIM,/mAtra dhUma 'dhUma'dhUma ! ...kumbha ke mukha meM, udara meM/A~khoM meM, kAnoM meM / aura nAka ke chedoM meM,/dhUma hI dhUma ghuTa rahA hai A~khoM se azru nahIM, asu/yAnI, prANa nikalane ko haiM; parantu/bAhara se bhItara ghusane vAlA dhUma prANoM ko bAhara nikalane nahIM detaa|" (pR. 278-279) sabhI ko to isa dAhaka agni-parIkSA ke madhya se guz2aranA par3atA hai : "lo, jalatI agni kahane lagI :/maiM isa bAta ko mAnatI hU~ ki agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka/kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM, na hI bhaviSya meM milegii|" (pR. 275) taba apakva kumbha agni se kahatA hai : "maiM nirdoSa nahIM hU~/doSoM kA koSa banA huA hU~
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________________ 284 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ...mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne / ...tumheM paramArtha milegA isa kArya se,/isa jIvana ko artha milegA tuma se mujha meM jala-dhAraNa karane kI zakti hai/jo tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai, usakI pUrI abhivyakti meM/tumhArA sahayoga anivArya hai|" (pR. 277) kumbha ko avA kI agni meM kaI dinoM taka tapanA par3atA hai, taba kahIM, zilpI kumbhakAra ko vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki sabhI kumbha paka gae hoMge / vaha sollAsa hAthoM meM phAvar3A lekara avA kI rAkha ko haTAtA hai aura jyoM-jyoM rAkha haTAI jAtI hai tyoM-tyoM zilpI kumbhakAra kA kautUhala bar3hatA jAtA hai, apanI kuzala sRjanA kumbha ke prati / taba zilpI kumbhakAra pake-tape kumbha ko sollAsa avA se bAhara nikAlatA hai / isI bIca vaha usI kumbha ko zraddhAlu nagara seTha ke sevaka ke hAthoM meM detA hai, jise le jAne ke pahale vaha use sAta bAra bajAtA hai| taba ghar3e meM se jo svara dhvanita hotA hai, jisakA artha kavi ke mana meM eka pratidhvani ke rUpa meM gUMjatA hai : "sAre gama yAnI/sabhI prakAra ke du:kha/pa'dha yAnI pada-svabhAva aura/ni yAnI nahIM,/du:kha AtmA kA svabhAva-dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha-karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA/vibhAva-pariNamana mAtra hai vaha / " (pR. 305) mRdaMga ke rUpa meM guMjarita isa AtmA kI AvAz2a bhI 'dhAdhina dhin 'dhA' kA svara alApatI huI sunAI par3a rahI hai / isa antarAtmA kI AvAz2a koI nirAlA santa hI suna rahA hai| sArA saMsAra to gUMgA aura baharA hai / seTha ghar3e ko zItala jala se bharakara AhAra-dAna ke lie padhAre, guru ke pAda-prakSAlana karatA hai / bhaktoM kI bhAvanA, AhAra dene yA na de sakane kA harSa-viSAda, sAdhu kI dRSTi, dharmopadeza kA sAra aura AhAra-dAna ke uparAnta nagara seTha kA anamane bhAva se ghara lauTanA sambhavata: isalie huA ki seTha ko jIvana kA gantavya dikhAI de gayA, kintu vaha abhI bandhana mukta nahIM ho sakA, Adi aneka prasaMga savistAra vivecita hue haiM : "prakAza kA sahI lakSaNa vahI hai/jo saba ko prakAzita kare ! ...bhAgyazAlI bhAgyahIna ko/kabhI bhagAte nahIM, prabho ! bhAgyavAn bhagavAn banAte haiN|" (pR.342) isa prakAra yaha khaNDa, prasaMga meM se eka nayA prasaMga, bAta meM se eka naI bAta kI udbhAvanA kA, tattva cintana kI gahanatA kA, sUkSma vivecanA kA, laukika aura pAralaukika jijJAsAoM evaM anveSaNoM kA eka vicitra chavi-ghara bana gayA hai| isa khaNDa meM hI nahIM, pUre mahAkAvya meM aneka aisI parikalpanAe~ tathA sAhasika, sArthaka aura Adhunika paridRzya haiM, jina para acche se acche kaviyoM kI dRSTi nahIM jAtI, unakI kalpanA kuNThita par3a jAtI hai aura lekhanI virAma le letI hai| pUjA-arcanA aura upAsanA ke upakaraNa bhI sajIva vArtAlApa meM nimagna ho jAte haiM, jinakA mAnavIkaraNa naI-naI udbhAvanAoM ko abhivyakta karatA hai| nae sandarbho ke zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAroM kI chaTA mohaka aura AkarSaka bana par3I hai| kavi arthAnveSiNI dRSTi se zabda kI dhvani ko aneka sAmyoM meM upayoga karake, usakI saMgaThanA ko vyAkaraNa kI sAna para car3hAkara naI-naI dhAra dete haiM tathA naI-naI parateM ughAr3ate haiN| zabda kI vyutpatti usake antaraMga artha kI jhA~kI to detI hai, usake mAdhyama se artha ke anUThe aura achUte AyAmoM ke darzana bhI hote haiN| caturtha khaNDa to aise aneka uddharaNoM se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 285 bharA par3A hai / jo uddharaNa yahA~ lie haiM, ve thor3e haiM aura jo chUTe haiM, ve apekSAkRta vizAla haiM, mahattvapUrNa haiM - isa dRSTi se isake prati lekhaka kI eka bebasI hai - vistArabhaya kI / nagara seTha dvArA bandhana-mukti hetu miTTI ke ghar3e ko pradhAnatA aura Adara dene se svarNakalaza udvigna aura uttapta ho jAtA hai aura vaha apane apamAna kA badalA lene ke lie AtaMkavAdiyoM kA eka dala AhUta karatA hai, jo sakriya hokara, nagara seTha ke parivAra meM trAhi-trAhi macA detA hai| svarNakalaza aura AtaMkavAda Aja ke jIvana ke tAz2e sandarbha haiN| mahAkavi nirAlA ne bhI zoSaka varga ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM gulAba ko tathA zoSita varga ke pratIka ke rUpa meM kukuramuttA, sarvahArA varga kA pratinidhitva karatA hai, kI kalpanA kI hai / kavi vidyAsAgarajI yahA~ usI parikalpanA ko sAkAra rUpa dete haiM aura yuga sandarbha meM Aja ke prasaMgoM ke anurUpa Adhunika samAja vyavasthA ke vizleSaNa dvArA usakA samAdhAna prastuta karate haiM, unakI kAvya lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA paddhati se sambhava ho sakI hai / yadi hama samatA ke dhanI zramaNa kA veza dhAraNa kareM to jIvana meM na to kaThinAI AegI aura na hI viSamatAvaran dharatI para svarga kA avataraNa hogA : " zramaNa kA bheSa dhAraNa kara, / abhaya kA hAtha uThA kara, zaraNAgata ko AzISa dene kI apekSA, / anyAya mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle rAvaNa jaise zatruoM para / raNAMgaNa meM kUdakara / rAma jaise zrama-zIloM kA hAtha uThAnA hI / kaliyuga meM sat-yuga lA sakatA hai, dharatI para yahIM para / svarga ko utAra sakatA hai / " (pR. 361-362) 'mUkamATI' kI kathAvastu meM kAvya kI garimA, kathya meM dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma kI triveNI, vicAroM, bhAvoM evaM cintana meM preraNAdAyaka sphuraNa, mukta chanda kI manorama kAvya zailI meM loka pracalita muhAvare, bIjAkSaroM kA camatkAra, mantra vidyA kI AdhAra bhitti, Ayurveda kA prayoga, pratIka aura mithakoM kI yojanA, aMkoM kA camatkAra evaM Adhunika jIvana meM vijJAna kA vyAvahArika prayoga tathA mAnavIya jIvana meM upajI naI-naI avadhAraNAoM Adi sabhI kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai | yaha Adhunika jIvana kA abhinavazAstra to hai hI, mAnava jIvana kA mahAkAvya bhI hai jisameM mAnavIya jIvana kI kriyAoM, pratikriyAoM, dhAraNAoM, avadhAraNAoM Adi kA sUkSma vivecana sahaja, sarala, manorama kAvya zailI meM kiyA gayA hai| isakA zilpa ucca koTi kA bana par3A hai| mATI kI mahimA ananta hai / usakA bakhAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai : "kahA~ taka kahI jAya mATI kI mahimA, / tulA kahA~ hai vaha, / tauleM kaise ? kisase tulanA kareM mATI kI / yahA~ para ? / tola-mola kA artha dravya se nahIM, / varan/bhAva, guNa-dharma se hai / " (pR. 406) mUkamATI, jo mAnava jIvana kA paryAya hai, meM mAnavIya jIvana kI sabhI dhAraNAoM, halacaloM, dhar3akanoM, parikalpanAoM, udbhAvanAoM evaM dhAraNAoM kA saMgama hai / lekhaka kA yaha santa kavi vidyAsAgarajI ke caraNoM meM zraddhA sumana ke eka guladaste kA eka puSpa hai / namAmi / O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka udAtta kRti paM. akSaya candra zarmA 'mUkamATI' niHsandeha eka udAtta kRti hai, cAhe vaha paramparAyukta bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM se saMvalita na ho| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mUlata: dharmacetA eka manISI haiM jinheM kavitva sahaja hI anAyAsa prApta hai / kAvya kA mUla kathAnaka choTA-sA hai. - mRttikA kA kumbhakAra ke dvArA ghaTa kA nirmANa, ghaTa kA yAnI eka maMgala ghaTa kA nirmANa ! lagatA hai - jaise mRNmaya zarIra meM cinmayI amRta prApti kI sAdhanA, jIvana kI kRtArthatA evaM jIvana kI dhanyatA ! 'mUkamATI' nAma se yaha dhvanita hai ki isa kA nAyaka pratIka dharmA hai| mATI mUka hai - para, kavi kI kRtI kalpanA se sabhI mukhara haiM- dharatI, mATI, gadahA, sAgara, sUraja, badalI, vyApaka prakRti kA pariveza, sRSTi kA kaNakaNa, dharma kI paribhASAe~, caturdik vyApta cintana kI zubhra Aloka razmiyA~, yuga ke viziSTa visaMvAdI svara, sabhI rasa aura una rasoM ke Upara prazAnta zAnta rasa, eka rAgahIna virAga kA raMga aura tyAga, tapa kA svarNima paridhAna ! jaina darzana kI viziSTa pAribhASika zabdAvalI - utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya siddhAnta, anekAnta, lezyA prabhRti madhura bana kara racanA meM raca-paca gae haiM / racanA vividha prasaMgoM ko lekara calI hai| jisa prasaMga ko kavi ne liyA hai, use eka svatantra pUrNa gIti kA rUpa de diyA hai| vibhakta rUpa meM isameM zataza: gIta haiM - apane meM pUrNa - para, kAvya kI zAkhA meM jhUlate - jhUmate surabhita sumana ! puSpoM kA eka rasamaya stavaka, jo kisI vizAla caturdik vyApta vaTa vRkSa meM uga AyA hai ! yaha udAtta kAvya usa vaTa vRkSa kI taraha hai jisakI zAkhAe~ gagana kI ora Upara uThI haiM, para usa ke praroha nIce kI ora, dharatI kI ora bhI haiM - para, jo dharatI meM mUla rUpa meM praveza kara bhI apanA rasa UrdhvagAmI banA rahe haiM / 'mUkamATI' mUka nahIM, ananta ke gIta gAtI huI Urdhva cetanA kI anAhata vANI hai - mauna bhI aura * mukhara : bhii| aisA lagatA hai ki hindI kI madhura rasamayI bhASA nae aMdAz2a se saMgItamayI, nRtyamayI hokara patroM para ubharI hai| jisa prakAra mAMgalika patra kuMkumita hote haiM, usI prakAra yaha kRti hai jo maMgalamayI bhAvanA kI cAru a~guliyoM se carcita hai, akSatoM se ujalI, candana se suvAsita aura sUktiyoM se surabhita bhI / phra
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : Agamayuga kI anuyogavihIna paramparA kA navalekhana DaoN. DI. ke. jaina karnATaka ke mUla nivAsI pUrva vidyAdhara nAmadhArI aura vartamAna AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI digambara jaina paramparA ke isa sadI ke labdhapratiSTha sAdhu haiM, jo apanI tapazcaryA, sAdhucaryA paripAlana, manohArI pravacana evaM adhyAtma vidyA ke lekhana ke kSetra meM advitIya yaza arjita kara rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki inakA munisaMgha bahusaMkhya ho gayA hai aura unake bhakta asaMkhya ho gae haiN| apanI vyasta sAdhucaryA, saMghacaryA evaM samAjacaryA ke bAvajUda unhoMne alpakAla meM hI kAvya, padyAnuvAda, zataka, stuti evaM pravacanoM ke mAdhyama se zatAdhika kRtiyA~ sarjita kI haiN| isase unakI adhyAtmaparaka sAhityika ruci kA AbhAsa hotA hai / aneka laghu granthoM ke praNayana ke bAda unhoMne 'mUkamATI' jaisA praur3ha evaM prAMjala rUpaka mahAkAvya sarjita kiyA, isase usakI koTi kI uttamatA kA anumAna sahaja hI laga sakatA hai| isa kAvya ko itanI lokapriyatA milI ki isa para aneka chAtroM ne zodha upAdhi prApta kI haiM aura aneka samAlocakoM ne hindI, baMgalA, marAThI, kannar3a aura aMgrejI meM kAvyazAstrIya, darzanazAstrIya evaM adhyAtmazAstrIya AdhAra para isakI prazaMsanIya samIkSAe~ likhI haiM / 1 'mUkamATI' : adbhuta sAhityika rUpaka mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ke prArambhika adhyayana para sAhityikajana isake kAvyatva kI koTi ke viSaya meM sandeha kara sakate haiN| para pro. zIlacandra jaina ne 'mUkamATI : kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa', DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' ne 'mUkamATI : eka dArzanika mahAkRti' evaM 'mUkamATI : cetanA ke svara' tathA jayakizana dAsa sAdAnI ne 'Acharya Vidyasagar's : Mookmati (Mute-Mud)' nAmaka apanI kRtiyoM meM pUrva aura pazcima ke samAlocakoM kI paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para ise prabandha kAvya ke antargata rUpaka mahAkAvya mAnA hai / adhyAtmaparaka jana-maMgala-dezaka hone se ise AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM samAlocakoM dvArA mAnya mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa prasphuTita hote haiM : 1. sargabaddhatA : isameM cAra sarga haiM, para ve itane vistRta haiM ki inheM ATha se bhI adhika mAnA jA sakatA hai / 2. kathAnaka : isakA kathAnaka khyAti prApta hai, su- saMgaThita hai evaM vyApaka hai / isakA AdhAra kavi kalpanA hai, jo vyApaka AdhyAtmika uddezyoM ko lokapriya rUpaka ke mAdhyama se prastuta karatI hai / 3. udAtta caritra : isake pramukha nAyaka aura nAyikA kramaza: zilpI, kumbhakAra aura mUkamATI haiN| mATI jIvAtmA kA pratIka hai / kumbhakAra guru evaM nAyaka kA pratIka hai| arhanta deva to isake parama nAyaka haiN| ye donoM hI udAtta caritra ke haiN| inameM nAyikA aneka sahayogiyoM ke mAdhyama se maMgalamaya kalaza kA rUpa grahaNa kara janakalyANI rUpa ko prApta karatI hai| isake gauNa pAtroM meM sevaka, seTha parivAra, cikitsaka dala, AtaMkavAdI dala, svarNa kalaza, sphaTika jhArI, gadahA Adi haiM jo apane vibhinna rUpoM se kathAnaka meM rasatva, gatizIlatA evaM zikSA pradAna karate haiM / 4. racanAzilpa : isake do rUpa hote haiM - (1) bhAvAtmaka yA rasAtmaka aura (2) kalAtmaka varNana, chanda, alaMkAra Adi / 'mUkamATI' kA pradhAna rasa zAnta hai jo adhyAtma kA pratIka hai| upayukta avasaroM para anya rasoM kA bhI varNana hai / yaha kAvya vAtsalya rasa kA bhI sAgara hai / isakI bhAvAtmakatA ucca koTi kI hai / mukhyata: yaha muktaka chandoM kA kAvya hai / bIca-bIca meM isameM chandabaddhatA bhI hai| isameM zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra donoM kI anupama chaTA dikhatI hai / anuprAsa to paga-paga para rocakatA detA hai| phira bhI, isameM upamA, utprekSA, yamaka, rUpaka, anyokti, anuprAsa, lATAnuprAsa, prazna, zleSa tathA sandeha alaMkAra pramukha haiN| isameM abhidhA,
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________________ 288 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vyaMjanA evaM lakSaNA ke mAdhyama se abhivyakti kI gaI hai / isakI zailI varNanAtmaka evaM vyAkhyAparaka hone ke sAthasAtha, tulanAtmaka, praznAtmaka, dRSTAntAtmaka, sambodhanAtmaka, manovaijJAnika, samIkSAtmaka tathA AtmavizleSaNAtmaka bhI hai| isakA prakRti citraNa, Rtu varNana atyanta ramaNIya hai / prakRti kA kahIM-kahIM mAnavIkaraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| yaha sampreSaka bhI banI hai| isake vArtAlApa bhI jIvana darzana ko prakaTa karate haiN| yadyapi kAvya kI bhASA khar3I bolI hai, phira bhI isameM dezaja aura videzI zabdoM kA paryApta upayoga hai / isameM bundelI bhASA ke agaNita zabda (maThA, maherI Adi) haiN| inase bhASA meM AkarSaNa aura prabhAvakatA AI hai| 5. samagra jIvana kA citraNa : 'mUkamATI' meM miTTI ke ghaTa aura kalaza rUpa dhAraNa karane kI kathA ke mAdhyama se kavi - ne samagra mAnava jIvana ke utthAna kI kathA varNita kI hai jo sAdhanA se zivatva kI ora le jAtI hai| 6. mahAn uddezya : mUkamATI' kA uddezya prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA sammata mArga se jIvAtmA ko sAdhanA ke dvArA zAzvata sukha kA dhAma banAnA hai| isake mAdhyama se ahiMsaka jIvana mUlyoM kI pratiSThA, manuSya evaM samAja ke sAMskRtika utthAna meM yogadAna, sAmayika jaTilatAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie prazasta mArganirdeza, prAkRtika cikitsA kI zreSThatA kA udghoSa, AtaMkI manovikAroM kA samucita AcaraNa se vidalana, prAcIna paramparAoM meM vizvAsa kI pRSThabhUmi puSTa kI gaI hai / isameM mAnavatAvAdI jIvana dRSTi evaM jIvana kI unnati ke sopAna batAe gae haiM / phalata: isakA uddezya sArvadezika evaM sArvakAlika mahattva kA hai| yaha eka rUpaka mahAkAvya hai, yaha spaSTa hai / isake nirmANa meM pariveza, sAdhu jIvana kI anubhUti evaM svAntaHsukha kI dhAraNA preraka rahI hai| yaha tathya bhI preraka rahA hogA ki rasamaya sAhitya mAnava mana para pravacana kI tulanA meM adhika sthAyI prabhAva DAlatA hai| sAmAnyata: aba taka ke mahAkAvya prathamAnuyoga kI koTi meM Ate rahe haiM, para yaha mahAkAvya aisA hai jisameM cAroM anuyogoM ke varNana samAhita haiN| ata: isakI anuyoga-koTi kA nirUpaNa isake mahAkAvyatva ke prarUpaNa kI tulanA meM durUha kArya hai / ata: lalita koTi ke isa mahAkAvya ko 'AgamayugIna anuyogavihIna paramparA kA navayugIna grantha' kahA jA sakatA hai| 'mUkamATI' : rUpaka ke sAtha eka manovaijJAnika mahAkAvya AcArya vidyAsAgara ke sAhitya meM unakI antarmukhI dRSTi adhika prabala hai| 'mUkamATI' ke preraka tattva ke rUpa meM unake guru kI sAhitya sarjanA evaM unakI apUrva sAhitya nirmANa kI dhAraNA to pramukha rahI hI hai, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA (jabalapura) madhyapradeza, nayanAgiri (chatarapura) madhyapradeza evaM anya tIrthakSetroM ke nayanAbhirAma pariveza evaM pAtheya bhI isake preraka rahe haiN| isIlie yaha laukika ke mAdhyama se lokottara kI ora le jAne vAlI kRti siddha huI hai| mahAkAvya ke anta:samIkSaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki hamAre jIvana kA prAya: bIsa pratizata bhAga hI dharma puruSArtha kI pravRttiyoM meM lagatA hai| jaise artha kA caramotkarSa kAma (icchApUrti) hai, usI prakAra dharma kA caramotkarSa mokSa hai| ___isa kAvya meM manovaijJAnikatA ke svIkRta tattva bhI paripuSTa hue haiN| dainika jIvana ke lokapriya evaM upayogI prakrama ke mAdhyama se lokottaratA kI ora mur3ane kA saMketa svayaM pAThaka para manovaijJAnika prabhAva chor3atA hai / vastutaH sAhitya nirmANa eka utkRSTa mAnasika, jJAnAtmaka prakriyA hai jisameM buddhi, cintana, anubhava, kalpanA, bhASA, abhivyakti aura dUradarzI-loka-vicaraNa Adi kA gaMgA-jamunI madhura pravAha pAyA jAtA hai / isake lekhana meM : 1. lAbhadAyaka lakSya (sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se zAzvata sukha, sarvajana maMgalamayatA) nirdiSTa hai| 2. lakSya ko prApta karane kA mArga (upasarga-sahana, ahiMsaka jIvana, tapa Adi) bhI nirdiSTa hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 289 3. yaha laukika upAdAnoM tathA pUrva sAhitya ke jJAna, adhyayana tathA navIna kalpanAoM kI apUrvatA para AdhArita hai| 4. isake varNana kI zailI meM abhUtapUrvatA hai| 5. isakI sRjanAtmakatA ucca koTi kI hai| 6. isameM vyaMjakatA ke sabhI manohArI tattva haiM / lAlitya aura AkarSaNa ke mAnasika guNa sthAna-sthAna para A gae haiN| 7. isake zabda cayana (dezI, videzI, bundelakhaNDI), chanda (muktaka, sama-mAtrika, ardha-samamAtrika), alaMkAra (dasa prakAra), zailI (dasa prakAra), muhAvare (120), kahAvateM (20), lokoktiyA~ (10), sUktiyA~ (45), pratIka (svastika Adi), rasa (zAntapradhAna, anya rasa bhI) Adi ke varNanoM se bhASA evaM lakSyavedhana kI manohAritA bar3hI hai| bhAvAtmakatA ke AdhAra para bhI yaha kAvya manovaijJAnika siddha hotA hai / manovijJAna meM bhAvAtmakatA kA saMvedana, manobhAva evaM saMvega kI tritaya mAnasika prakriyAoM ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai / inameM saMvedanAe~ bAhya kArakoM se utpanna hotI haiM aura jJAnendriyoM ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| ye dRSTi, zravaNa, tvak evaM rAsAyanika rUpa meM utpanna hotI haiN| ye jJAnAtmaka prakriyAoM kA saralatama sAdhana haiN| ye saMvedanAe~ sarala manobhAvoM ko janatI haiM jinakI AkasmikatA yA tIvratA saMvega meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / 'mUkamATI' meM kumbha ke nirmANa evaM zubha upayoga ke samaya sAgara, nadI, kalaza Adi kI IrSyA kA citraNa kavi kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ko spaSTa karatA hai / guru yA sAdhuoM ke prati bhakti evaM zraddhApUrNa AhAracaryA bhaktirasa kI pratIka hai / aise kitane hI prakaraNa ginAe jA sakate haiM jinameM bhAvAtmaka manovaijJAnikatA isa mahAkAvya meM avatarita huI hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM mAnasikata: aneka sarala evaM aicchika kriyAoM kA varNana hai jinameM citraNa kI manovaijJAnikatA ke darzana hote haiN| kaMkar3a aura mATI ke viyojana kA visaMvAda, mATI aura jhArI kA saMvAda, sAgara aura kumbha kI IrSyA, AhAra caryA ke samaya ke manobhAva, jalacara jIvoM kI seTha parivAra se sahAnubhUti aura nadI tathA AtaMkI dala kA upasarga Adi ke avasara isa dRSTi se rocaka lagate haiN| isa mahAkAvya kA patita ke pAvana rUpa lene kA sva-kalyANI evaM jana-kalyANI maMgalamaya uddezya bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se prabhAvI hai / isakI abhivyakti aneka sthaloM para kI gaI hai / saMsAra meM kauna vyakti zAzvata sukhamayatA nahIM cAhatA? pUre mahAkAvya meM samucita avasaroM para ghRNA aura anurAga, asAratA aura upayogitA, IrSyA aura sneha, zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke dRzya dikhAe gae haiN| inake AdhAra para bhoga se yoga kI ora le jAne kA aicchika mArga prazasta kiyA gayA uparyukta tattvoM ke atirikta, mahAkAvya meM aneka prakAra kI navInatAoM ke darzana hote haiM jo ise manovaijJAnika rUpa se atyanta prabhAvI banAtI haiN| isameM navInatA ke nimna tattva pramukha haiM : (1) 'mUkamATI' kA rUpAkAtmaka evaM adhyAtmaparaka kathAnaka (2) nirjIva caritroM kA mAnavIkaraNa evaM rocaka tattvadarzI vivAda-saMvAda (3) aneka sAmAnya zabdoM kA vyutpattiparaka evaM sArthaka para manovaijJAnikata: atyanta prabhAvI artha evaM kahIM kahIM zabda-viloma dvArA nae arthoM kA udghaattn| kra. zabda sAmAnya artha viziSTa artha 1. kumbhakAra kumhAra, zilpI bhAgyavidhAtA, jIvanadAtA
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________________ kalA strI 290 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 2. gada-hA gadhA cintA, kaSTa evaM roga dUra karane vAlA 3. ka-lA sukha lAne vAlI 4. maiM do-galA avizvasanIya 'ahaM' ko galAo 5. sA-re-ga-ma-pa-dha-ni sapta svara (1) sAre duHkhoM ko dUra karane vAlA saMgIta (2) saptabhaMgIya saMgIta nArI na-ari (zatrutAvihIna) na-ArI (bAdhakahInatA) 7. mahilA maMgalamaya, AsthA jagAne vAlI, puruSa ko mArga batAne vAlI, maThA-maherI pilAne vAlI 8. kumArI kumArI lakSmI evaM dhairya dene vAlI 9. aba-lA, a-balA jJAna jyoti lAne vAlI, saMkaTa zUnya karane vAlI, vartamAna ko sukhamaya karane vAlI 10. strI dharma, artha, kAma meM saMyata banAne vAlI 11. sutA sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota 12. du-hitA lar3akI do kuloM kA hita karane vAlI, svayaM evaM pati kA hita karane vAlI 13. mAtR mAtA jAnane kI zakti dene vAlI 14. aMga-nA mAtra bAhya aMga nahIM apitu antaraMga bhI 15. bhIru DaranevAlA pApa-bhIrutA 16. ni-yati bhAgya nija kI unnati meM yatna karanA 17. svapna svapna svayaM ke svarUpa kA pAlana na karane vAlA 18. vai-kharI/vai-khalI vANI kA tIsarA nizcita rUpa se kharI (sukha-sampAdikA), sva-para ke lie vairI 19. puruSArtha jIvana kA uddezya AtmA kI prAptavyatA 20. uraga pada dalitoM ko ura (prema) se sahalAne vAlA 21. dhara-tI (tIra-tha) pRthvI zaraNAgata ko tIra para dhAraNa karane vAlI 22. dhara-NI (nIra-dha) jaladhAraNI 23. rAhI (hIrA-viloma rUpa) pathika hIre ke samAna uttama bananA 24. rAkha (kharA-viloma rUpa) rAkha tapa dvArA kharA -uttama jIvana prApta karanA 25. dayA (yAda-viloma rUpa) dayA sva kI yAda karanA 26. tAmasa(samatA-viloma rUpa) tamoguNA,kAlimA samatA (mATI kI) 27. vasu-dhA pRthvI ratna/dhana dhAraNa karane vAlI 28. lAbha(bhalA-viloma rUpa) hitakara bhalA 29. na-mana, nama-na vinamratA nirabhimAnI honA, abhimAnI honA 30. saM-gIta saMgIta saMgAtIta strI sarpa pRthvI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 291 31. saM-sAra sarakane vAlA samyak sarakane vaalaa| 32. jala-dhi (jar3a-dhI) samudra jar3a buddhivAlA 33. cara-Na (na-raca) pada pUjya caraNa ko chor3a anyatra nahIM jAnA, anyatra ruci nahIM rakhanA 34. aparA-dhI doSI sadbuddhi yukta 35. samUha samAja samIcIna vicAra (Uha), sadAcArI 36. za bIjAkSara rUpa kaSAya zamana 37. sa bIjAkSara rUpa samatA 38. Sa bIjAkSara rUpa pApa-puNya nivAraka (4) 9, 99, 63, 363 saMkhyAoM kI vizeSatA kA nirUpaNa, aneka citra va pratIkoM (pazu citra, svastika Adi pratIka) ke AdhyAtmika mahattva kA nirUpaNa / (5) aneka jaina siddhAntoM (ahiMsA, anekAnta, 'hI' aura 'bhI' kA antara aura aparigraha, zAkAhAra Adi) kA prakaraNavaza manovaijJAnikata: nirUpaNa / (6) kAvya kI tristarIya-abhidhA, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanAtmaka bhASA aura do prakAra kI abhivyakti - (1) bhAvanA aura anubhUti bharI tathA (2) tarkasaMgata dArzanika mantavyoM kI abhivyakti Adhunika yuga kI pIr3hI ke lie AkarSaka hai| (7) kAvya meM vartamAna yuga kI aneka sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya samasyAoM para bhI kathopakathanoM meM AkarSaka rUpa se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / lekhaka ne inakA Adarza AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika samAdhAna bhI diyA hai| udAharaNArtha jahA~ eka ora pANigrahaNa ko prANa-grahaNa ke rUpa meM batAkara daheja prathA para coTa kI hai, vahIM unhoMne vartamAna daNDa vyavasthA, vilambita nyAya vyavasthA tathA dhana vRddhi ko manamAnA tantra batAyA hai| unhoMne kArya evaM vetana kI viSamatA ko bhI anyAya batAyA hai| unhoMne bhogavAda aura upabhoktAvAda para bhI karArI coTa kI hai| lokatantra, janatantra evaM samAjavAda kI prazaMsA kI hai / unhoMne AtaMkavAda evaM dala-bahulatA ko zAntihananI batAkara nindita hI nahIM, parAjita bhI karAyA hai| unhoMne svatantratA ke janmasiddha adhikAra ko svIkAra karate hue bhI parahita meM svacchandatA ko niyantrita karane ke lie kabhI-kabhI bandhana ko vyAvahArikata: upayogI bhI batAyA hai / pAzcAtya sabhyatA ko AkramaNazIlA evaM ekAntavAdI batAkara anekAnta saMskRti kI rASTrIya evaM antararASTrIya upayogitA nidarzita kI hai tathA sabhI ke kalyANa kA svara mukharita kiyA hai, jo 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' kA vyAvahArika svarUpa hai| (8) mahAkAvya meM dhyAnakendrI dhyAnI, koSa zramaNa evaM nAmadhArI zramaNoM ko chadmavezI batAyA hai| sacce sAdhu ke lakSaNoM ko iMgita karate hue use sva-para-kalyANI batAyA hai| vastuta: isa mahAkAvya kA pramukha nAyaka to sAdhu hI hai jo kumbhakAra ko bhI dizA detA hai| (9) mahAkAvya meM Ayurvedika cikitsA, prAkRtika cikitsA evaM santulita ahiMsaka pathya kI prAcIna paramparA ko puSTa kiyA hai / maNi, mUMgA, muktA Adi kI upacAra prabhAvakatA ina upacAroM ke samakSa nagaNya mAnI gaI hai| (10) sphaTika kI jhArI, tIna badaliyA~, mATI aura kA~TA aura aneka prakaraNoM meM tarkasaMgata saMvAda ke bAda pAtroM dvArA apanI bhUla svIkAra karane evaM kSamA mA~gane kI ghaTanAe~ Aja ke ahaMbhAvI yuga ke lie preraka udAharaNa haiN|
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________________ 292 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (11) 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI udAttatA sampradAyAtIta evaM mAnavatAvAdI hai / yaha ekAntavAdI nahIM, ananta AnandavAdI hai| mAnava jIvana kI udAttatA ke lie sabhI dharmoM ne bAhya evaM antaraMga saMskAroM, parizodhana, guru zabdoM meM AsthA aura AcaraNa ko mahattvapUrNa batAyA hai| (12) dhArmikatA ke kSaraNazIla yuga meM bhakti, AsthA evaM AgamazraddhA ke prati AkarSaNa utpanna karane kI kalA (sAgara ke prakopa ke samaya prabhu smaraNa, cetanA zakti jAgaraNa Adi) ko prabhAvI DhaMga se nidarzita kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' : eka dArzanika mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne apane mahAkAvya meM jainoM kI aneka laukika evaM AdhyAtmika jagat se sambandhita dArzanika mAnyatAoM ko rasamaya rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| unhoMne vartamAna meM varSoM se carcA meM cala rahe nimittaupAdAna kI aikAntika mAnyatAoM ke viparyAsa meM unakI sApekSata: samAna mahattA pratipAdita kI hai| eka hI kAraNa ko kArya kA janaka mAnanA doSapUrNa mAnA hai| kisI eka kAraNa ko adhika mahattva denA dUsare kAraNa kI zakti ko asvIkAra karanA hai| isI prakAra pudgala meM rUpa-rasAdi ke saha-astitva ko bhI kavi ne sodAharaNa siddha kiyA hai| anekAntavAda kI dArzanika aura vyAvahArika pRSThabhUmi to aneka bAra prasphurita huI hai / kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para AdhyAtmika lakSya ko iMgita karate hue, aneka vyaMgyoM ke mAdhyama se bhI darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra kI avinAbhAvI triveNI meM snAna karane kI tarkasaMgata carcAe~ kI haiM aura mAtra arthavRtti ko upekSaNIya batAyA hai| adhyAtma mArga meM mana kA anuzAsana anivArya hai| yahI dhyAna aura karma dahana meM sahAyaka hotA hai / yaha laukika jIvana kI sukhamayatA to bar3hAtA hI hai, AdhyAtmika jIvana ke uccatama zikhara ko prApta karAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM vaijJAnika tathya 'mUkamATI' kA kavi apane svAnubhUtika antarnirIkSaNoM ke sAtha prAkRtika ghaTanAoM aura prakriyAoM kA bhI tIkSNa nirIkSaka hai / usake aneka prakaraNoM se hameM aneka bhautika evaM rAsAyanika prakriyAoM tathA kRSi, cikitsA, jyotiSa evaM mantra-tantra vijJAna ke sambandha meM jAnakArI milatI hai / isase kavi kI paramparAgata bahuzrutatA kA AbhAsa hotA hai / sarvaprathama to miTTI ke ghar3e aura maMgala kalaza ke nirmANa kI prakriyA ke prAya: nau caraNa hameM sujJAta hote haiM : miTTI khodanA, chAnanA, pAnI milAnA, rauMdanA evaM lode banAnA, kulAla cakra para kaccA ghar3A banAnA, sukhAnA aura ThokanA-pITanA, avA meM pakAnA, ghaTa para vibhinna pratIka lekhana dvArA maMgala kalaza kA rUpa denA, guru ke pratigAhana (par3agAhana) evaM pAda-prakSAlana meM upayoga / inameM chAnane para vijAtIya dravya-kaMkar3a Adi pRthak hote haiM, pAnI milAne para miTTI meM namratA AtI hai / rauMdane para samarUpatA, cikkaNatA evaM viziSTa AkAra dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA AtI hai| cakra para ghumAne para kumbhakAra AkAra detA hai / sUkhane para usameM sthiratA aura Thokane-pITane para eka samAna saMracanAtmakatA AtI hai| ye sabhI bhautika prakriyAe~ haiN| kacce ghar3e ko avA meM pakAne para aneka prakAra kI rAsAyanika prakriyAe~ hotI haiM jinameM aise yaugika banate haiM jo upayukta raMga (kAlA yA lAla), kaThoratA (zakti) aura sImita sachidratA pradAna karate haiN| isase ghaTa meM jala (aura anya dravya bhI) kI dhAraNa kSamatA AtI hai| kavi ko 'avA' ko taiyAra karane kI sampUrNa vidhi aura vivaraNa pratyakSa dRSTa-se lagate haiN| kavi aisA mAnatA hai ki isa agni pakva hone se miTTI ke ghar3e ke aneka doSa usakI sataha para A jAte haiM (isI se usakA raMga nirdhArita hotA hai) aura vaha antaraMga se pAvana ho jAtA hai| agnipakva ghaTa kI maMgalamayatA aura upayogitA seTha ke samAna bhaktoM ke pratIka lekhana, kaNTha para zrIphala rakhane evaM guru-pada-prakSAlana Adi kAryoM se aura usake antaraMga bhAvoM se AtI hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 293 'mUkamATI' meM rasAyana zAstra se sambandhita aneka nirIkSaNoM ke mAdhyama se adhyAtma tattva samajhAe gae haiN| ye nirIkSaNa nimna haiM : (1) jala ko garama karane se vASpa banatI hai, Upara jAkara vaha meghoM kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, jo kAle, nIle aura kabUtarI raMga ke hote haiN| jala se bhUtala para daladala banatA hai / jala meM vileyatA kA guNa hotA hai / vaha jise bhI vilayita karatA hai, usakI prakRti tadanurUpa (kaTu, miSTa, khArI, viSailI) ho jAtI hai / jala sadaiva hI zItalatA detA hai| barpha jala para tairatA hai aura usameM jala kI tulanA meM aneka vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM / yaha uSNa prakRti kA hotA hai / (3) jala se muktA banatI hai| samudra ke garbha meM aneka prakAra ke ratna hote haiN| inakI rakSA samudra kI senA (aneka prakAra ke jala-jantu) karatI hai / samudra kI patnI 'badalI' hai| dahI se navanIta nikAlA jAtA hai para vaha punaH dahI meM pariNata nahIM ho sakatA hai| (5) padArtha do prakAra ke hote haiM-zuddha aura azuddha (mishrnn)| mizraNa kI prakRti mile hue avayavoM para nirbhara karatI hai| dUdha-bhAta isakA udAharaNa hai / mizraNa ke avayava alaga kie jA sakate haiN| saritA taTa kI miTTI, miTTI aura kaMkar3oM kA mizraNa hai| gAya ke dUdha meM Aka kA dUdha milAne se vaha phaTa jAtA hai / maDhe ko chauMkane se svAdiSTatA AtI hai / dUdha ko chauMkane se vikRti AtI hai / maThA-maherI se saMgrahaNI roga dUra hotA hai| agni aneka dravyoM se azuddhiyA~ dUra karatI hai| dhAtu ke ayaskoM se zuddha dhAtu detI hai (aura unheM zuddha karatI hai)| agni aneka rAsAyanika kriyAe~ karatI hai jisase utpanna vastu meM acche guNa Ate haiM, usakI upayogitA bar3ha jAtI hai / mUkamATI se ghaTa nirmANa kI prakriyA meM agnipAka yahI kAma karatA hai / agnipAka ke samaya utpanna dhuA~ cAroM dizAoM meM phailatA hai| yaha agni meM rakhe padArthoM meM praviSTa hokara unheM sImita sachidratA pradAna karatA hai| kavi kI agni purAtana yugIna lakar3I yA koyale se prApta agni hai| (8) lakar3I ko jalAne para, havA kI mAtrA ke anusAra koyalA bhI banatA hai aura rAkha bhI milatI hai| (9) kA~Te ke samAna vastuoM ne bhI bar3I pragati kI hai| ve vRkSoM ke atirikta, dhAtuoM ke bhI banane lage haiM aura aneka yantroM meM dizAsUcaka suI ke rUpa meM kAma Ate haiN| (10) kavi ne aNu zakti aura 'sTAra vAra' kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| (11) kAvya meM cakSu kI aprApyakAritA ke bhI saMketa haiN| kRSi vijJAna ke antargata do sAmAnya nirIkSaNa die gae haiM : (12) kevala khAda meM bIja DAlane para vaha jala jAtA hai, aMkurita nahIM hotaa| (13) khAda yukta miTTI meM bIja DAlane para samucita jala aura vAyu milane para vaha aMkurita hokara kramaza: vaTavRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| cikitsA ke kSetra se sambandhita kucha ullekha (6) bhI batAe gae haiN| yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki Ayurveda aura prAkRtika cikitsA dAha roga ke lie uttama hai / lavaNabhAskara cUrNa aura saMjIvanI vaTI bhI roga nivAraka haiN| maThA aura karnATaka kI jvAra kA daliyA dAha roga ke lie acche pathya haiM / uSNa prakRti se pitta kupita hotA hai aura dAha utpanna hotA hai| prANAyAma aura yoga bhI nirogatA detA hai / moha aura asAtA karma ke udaya se bhUkha lagatI hai, acetana zarIra yA indriyoM ko bhUkha nahIM lagatI / miTTI, pAnI aura havA aneka rogoM kI davA hai| ahiMsaka AcAra aura pathya jIvana ke mahAn hitakArI haiN| anna pAcana eka dIrghakAlika kriyA hai|
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________________ 294 :: mUkamATI-ma (15) jyotiSa vijJAna ke antargata jainoM kI paramparAgata mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sUrya pRthvI graha se pAsa hai aura candramA dUra hai| rAhu sUrya ko grasatA hai / (16) mantra-tantra vijJAna ke antargata yaha batAyA gayA hai ki aneka maNiyA~ aura dhAtue~ upacAra meM phalavatI pAI gaI haiN| mantroM se kAryoM meM nirbAdhatA AtI hai| vidyA bala se devatAoM kA AhvAna kara icchita kArya karAe jA sakate haiM / ina sabhI ke lie mana kI pavitratA aura sAdhanA kI zreSThatA Avazyaka hai / Ajakala isa prakriyA ko manovaijJAnikataH prabhAvI hI mAnA jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke kathAnaka kI pratIkAtmakatA 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka mAnava jIvana ke lie mahAn preraNAdAyI hai| 'mUkamATI' saMsArI karmabaddha jIvAtmA kA pratIka hai / use zAzvata sukha ke uddezya ko prApta karane ke lie ghaTa nirmANa kI prakriyA ke samAna aneka caraNoM se pAra honA pdd'egaa| isIlie mahAkavi ne parAjita AtaMkI dala ko sujhAyA hai ki isa mArga para vizvAsapUrvaka agrasara hone ke lie sAdhu bana kara, Agama para zraddhA rakhakara svayaM anubhUti karanI hogii| saMkSepa meM, 'mUkamATI' kA kavi jana-jana ko saccA sAdhu banane kI preraNA de rahA hai / yaha patita ke pAvana banane kI prakriyA hai / karmabaddha jIvAtmA guru ke upadeza se bhakti aura AtmasamarpaNa ke jala meM DubakI lagAtA hai| isase usameM do prakAra kI zaktiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM - (1) upasarga sahane kI aura (2) parISaha sahane kI / parISaha svayaMkRta hote haiM aura upasarga parakRta hote haiM / inase prANI meM miTTI ke lode ke samAna mRdutA, kSamA bhAva, vratapAlana Adi ke guNa Ate haiN| ye hI sAdhu jIvana kI ora le jAte haiN| isa mArga meM moha karma ke udaya se kaSAyoM ke aneka prakAra ke saMvegoM kA upasarga AtA hai jo kathAnaka meM sAgara, badalI, bAdala, rAhu, olAvRSTi Adi ke rUpa meM varNita hai| inameM aneka prAkRtika upasarga hote haiM aura aneka Adhidaivika bhI ho sakate haiN| ina upasargoM ko sahane meM sUrya, indra, pavana evaM bhU-kaNa Adi aneka upakArI, dhArmika tattva sahAyaka hote haiN| pratikUlatAoM meM kharA utarane para hI jIvana pAvana banatA hai| para yaha pAvanatA kA prathama caraNa hai| pAvanatA kI parAkASThA to taba utpanna hotI hai jaba vaha kumbha ke agnipAka ke samAna bAhya aura antaraMga tapazcaryA kA Azraya le / isa samaya bhI aneka bAdhAe~ AtI haiM / ahaMbhAva ke kAraNa aneka pratidvandvI use bhaMga karanA cAhate haiM / para tapa aura dhyAna meM itanI kSamatA hotI hai ki prANI ahaMbhAva kA visarjana kara pratidvandviyoM ko parAsta kara sAdhutA ke zikhara para jA baiThatA hai| isa sAdhutA kA parijJAna prANI ke kAryoM aura uddezyoM se hotA hai / ina kAryoM ke sampAdana meM bhI bAharI aura bhItarI zatruoM ( Avega, manobhAva, moha, kaSAya Adi) kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai jo kathAnaka meM svarNakalaza, AtaMkI dala Adi ke rUpa meM vyakta kie gae haiM / ina manobhAvoM kI tIvratA, pratizodha kI bhAvanA kI tIkSNatA aura kuTilatA spaSTa hai| para una para vijaya pAnA bhakti, AsthA, sahakArI kAraNa evaM svayaM kI zakti se hI sambhava hai / yaha kathAnaka 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni' kA anupama udAharaNa hai / pAtra dAna, atithi satkAra, dayA aura karuNA ke samAna pavitra uddezya hI puNyArjana karAte haiN| yaha hI sAdhutA pratIka hai / 'mUkamATI' ke lakSyoM ke ukta vivaraNa se hameM mahAkAvya ke pratIkavAda kI nimna rUparekhA pratIta hotI hai: jIvAtmA, saMsArI jIva, karmabaddha jIva (1) mUkamATI (2) jIvana nirmAtA, bhakta zrAvaka (3) bhakti, AsthA, AtmasamarpaNa sahayogI jIvAtmA (4) (5) (6) kumbhakAra pAnI machalI mATI kA chAnanA, rauMdanA Adi mATI ke lode kA cakra para bAhya tapoM/vratoM dvArA jIvAtmA kA zubha pariNamana sAdhu jIvana kA prathama caraNa
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________________ (7) (8) (9) ghaTa kA rUpAntaraNa svarNa kalaza, AtaMkI dala, vidyA bala, bijalI, nadI Adi sphaTika jhArI, kumbha, gaja dala, nAganAgina, mahAmatsya, dharaNI, nadI jala ke jIva-jantu, jala devatA, sAdhu isa pratIkavAda kI parivardhita vyAkhyA bhI sambhava hai / (10) AkAra dhAraNa evaM sUkhanA sAgara, badalI, bAdala, rAhu, olAvRSTi, bhUka sUrya, tejotattva, indra, pavana avA kI agni meM ghaTapAka, kacce (11) mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 295 viSaya- kaSAyajanya azubha Avega rUpI upasarga / icchAe~ AvegoM ke zamana meM sahakArI kAraNa, pApa-prakSAlana meM sahAyaka tapazcaryA kI agni meM saMsArI jIva kA karma-kSaraNa prakrama, nava rUpAntaraNa, sat sAdhutva kA udaya Atmazakti ke vikAsa meM pratispardhI manovega aura kaSAya tattva Adi Atmonnati ke mArga ke mUla aura sahakArI guNa, Avega zAmaka tattva, bhakti evaM AsthA ke tattva 'mUkamATI' ke kiMcit vicAraNIya saMketa samIkSakoM ne 'mUkamATI' ko utkRSTa koTi kA kAvya kahA hai| yaha uccatara jIvana ke lie lakSya evaM patha kA pradarzana karatA hai / yaha vartamAna vikarAla jagat meM saMyata sAdhu jIvana dhAraNa kara mAnavIya uccatA ko prerita karatA hai / isase karma-bandhana aura azubha bhAvanAe~ dUra hotI haiM aura jIvana sarvodayI banatA hai / yaha viSama aura bahuAyAmI jagat ko vyApaka aura ananta anekAntavAdI dRSTi se samajhane kA darzana detA hai| yaha mArga pratispardhA ke badale santoSa ko varIyatA detA hai / isameM AsthA, bhakti, vizvAsa, Agama zraddhA, paramparA evaM svAnubhUti kA parama sthAna hai / isa kAvya meM yaha saba aise lokapriya kathAnaka evaM mAnavIkRta pAtroM ke mAdhyama se upadezita hai jo rocaka bhASA, bhAva, saMvAda, parikathA, upamAna, rUpaka, nidarzana evaM zailI Adi kI dRSTi se apUrva hai aura pAThaka ke lie manohArI hai| ina AdhAroM para isa kAvya kI tulanA mahAkavi IliyaTa ke 'vesTa laiMDa' evaM milTana ke 'pairADAiz2a laoNsTa' se kI gaI hai| vastuta: yaha kAvya anupama hI hai| phira bhI, isa kAvya meM kucha bindu aise haiM jinake viSaya meM carcA apekSita hai| inameM nimna pramukha haiM : 1. buddhivAda kI upekSA : kAvyazAstrIya koTi kI uttamatA ke bAvajUda bhI isake kucha pratyakSa yA parokSa saMketa Aja ke bauddhika jagat ko nizcita rUpa se cakita karate haiM / yaha sahI hai ki AdhyAtmikatA mAnavIya ekatA kA AdhAra hai, para dhArmikatA ke kramazaH kSaraNa ke yuga meM kevala AsthA evaM vizvAsa yA paramparAgata guru-upadeza kahA~ taka isa dizA meM preraka bana sakate haiM ? subuddhipUrvaka AsthA hI balavatI evaM patha preraka banatI hai| durbuddhi to AtatAyinI aura ArtadAyinI hotI hai / isa dRSTi se aneka kathopakathanoM meM tarka-vitarka paddhati apanAne ke bAvajUda, AsthA meM buddhi ke upayoga ko kahIM protsAhana nahIM diyA gayA hai / samantabhadra aura siddhasena ke yuga se prArambha hetuvAdI prakarSa ke svarNa kAla kI aitihAsikatA ke bAvajUda ise upekSita rakhanA acarajakArI hI hai / kyA AsthA, zraddhA, paramparA evaM svAnubhUti kA hetuvAda se virodha hai? AdhyAtmika kSetra meM buddhivAda ke bahiSkAra se hI bhautikavAda kI pragati evaM dhArmikatA kA kSaraNa huA hai / vastutaH samanvayI pratispardhA bhAvanA ke binA jIvana meM gatizIlatA nahIM AtI / isIlie saMnyAsI jIvana
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________________ 296 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yathAsthitivAdI mAnA jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI' se isa Aropa kA khaNDana apekSita thaa| 2. sAdhutva kI vikrayakalA : jaina itihAsa se yaha spaSTa hai ki AdhyAtmikatA kA prabhAva dasa hajAra vyaktiyoM meM se prAyaH eka-do-tIna para hI vizeSa par3atA hai| isIlie bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra ke yuga taka aura Aja bhI sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA 2-3/10,000 ke lagabhaga rahI hai| yaha adhyAtmavAda ke aikAntika zraddhAmUlaka vyAkhyAna kA hI phala hai| Aja ke vaizvIkaraNa ke yuga meM yoga ke samAna adhyAtma kI vikraya kalA kA bhI vikAsa kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha spaSTa hai ki atIta kalA ke adhyAtma guru isa kalA meM pravINa nahIM the, anyathA vijJAna/bhautikavAda adhyAtma para itanA hAvI nahIM ho pAtA / 'mUkamATI' bhI aneka kalAoM kI tulanA meM isa kalA meM kamaz2ora lagatI hai| 3. bhUtakAla kI ora : isI prakAra, ahiMsaka Ayurveda, prAkRtika cikitsA evaM karnATakI daliyA ko hI zreSTha batA kara aura sTenalesa sTIla yA ispAta ko anya paramparAgata dhAtuoM kI tulanA meM sadoSa kahakara kyA hameM do hajAra varSa pUrva ke saptadhAtumaya grAmINa yuga meM bane rahane kA saMketa diyA jA rahA hai ? kyA yaha sambhava hai ? vaijJAnika vikAsa ko itanI nirAzAvAdI dRSTi se dekhanA Aja ke hetuvAdI jagat ko zAyada hI mAnya ho / vijJAna ne prAkRtika vastuoM ke guNoM meM parivardhana kara evaM anurUpI vastue~ saMzleSita kara prakRti meM vidyamAna apUrNatAoM ko dUra kara hameM AzAvAdI banAyA hai| vijJAna ne hameM samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu sAhasI banAyA hai / phalata: maulika vastuoM ke upabhoga se vimukhatA aura aneka laukika vastuoM ke upabhoga meM pramukhatA ko dhikkAranA samucita pratIta nahIM hotA / isI prakAra, yaha kahanA bhI tathya ke pratikUla hogA ki buddhivAdI vijJAna ke caraNa (gatizIlatA) nahIM hai aura vaha kevala vinAzaka aura patanakArI hai / vijJAna aura dhArmikatA ke samanvaya ke isa yuga meM eka mahAn antarmukhI mahAkavi se aisI udghoSaNAe~ apekSita nahIM haiN| phira yaha bAta kisase chipI hai ki vijJAna ne veza-bhUSA, saMcAra mAdhyama, vizvabhASA, saMyukta rASTrasaMgha ke samAna saMsthAoM Adi ke mAdhyama se vizvajanoM ke bAhyata: ekIkaraNa meM mahAn yogadAna kiyA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, dharma ne prANiyoM kI Atmika ekatA ke udghoSa ke bAvajUda bhI vyaktivAda ko protsAhita kara mAnava ke samAjIkaraNa evaM ekIkaraNa meM vyAghAta-sA hI pahu~cAyA lagatA hai / aneka prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA nae sampradAya aura saMghoM kI sthApanAe~ aura unake paraspara virodhoM se hameM kyA saMketa milate haiM ? phalata: prAcInatA evaM navInatA ke samanvaya evaM sadupayoga kI carcA kAvya ko adhika prabhAvaka banA sakatI thii| 4. dhArmika AcAra aura laukika naitikatA : dhArmikatA ke do pakSa hote haiM- AcAra aura vicAra / jaina dharma ne AcAra aura tri-ratna para bar3A bala diyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ AcAra kA sambandha bhI vyakti se hai / samUha ke AcAra vyakti se bhinna bhI dekhe jAte haiN| sAmAjika AcAroM ko Aja kA jagat naitikatA' kA nAma detA hai| Adhunika sandarbha meM jaina AcAra mImAMsA' kRti meM DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava ne batAyA hai ki jaina paramparA dhArmika AcAra aura laukika naitikatA ko pRthak-pRthak mAnatI hai / sAmAjika naitika niyama aparAdhiyoM ke lie daNDa kA vidhAna karate haiN| uddezya to aparAdhiyoM ke AcAra meM sudhAra hI hai para kabhI-kabhI yaha vidroha ko bhI janma detA hai| isake viparyAsa meM, dhArmika AcArya pApa se ghRNA karane ko kahatA hai, pApI se nhiiN| phalata: 'mUkamATI' mahAhiMsaka aparAdhiyoM ke prANadaNDa ko bhI anucita mAnatI hai / aneka avasaroM para dhArmikatA, naitikatA ke sAmane mauna raha jAtI hai / sAmAjika dRSTi se yaha dhArmikatA aparAdhoM ko prerita karane vAlI hI kahI jaaegii| bhArata meM AtaMkavAda ke prati narama rukha kA pariNAma sabhI ke samakSa hai / ata: vyaktigata AcAra aura sAmAjika naitikatA ke viSaya meM kiMcit adhika saMvAda apekSita thA, jaisA darzana aura adhyAtma yA dIpaka aura mazAla ke viSaya meM diyA gayA hai / isI prakAra dhana evaM laukika vastuoM ke dhikkAra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 297 evaM samAjavAda ke svarUpa ke nikhAra ke saMketa ke bAvajUda bhI aparigraha ke AcAra para kavi kA mauna bhI kiMcit adhika vicAra cAhatA hai| 5. vaijJAnika tathyoM kI upekSA : paramparApoSI AcArya hone ke kAraNa 'mUkamATI' ke lekhaka ne aneka aisI paramparAgata mAnyatAoM kA kAvya meM ullekha kiyA hai jo vartamAna anusandhAnika niSkarSoM se mela khAtI pratIta nahIM hotii| inameM nimna mAnyatAe~ mukhya haiM : 1. sUrya pRthvI se adhika samIpa hai / (1543 lAkha ki.mii.)| 2. candra pRthvI se sUrya kI apekSA dUra hai (5.3 lAkha ki. mii.)| 3. sUrya grahaNa kA kAraNa rAhu graha dvArA usakA grasana hai (sUrya grahaNa taba hotA hai jaba sUrya aura pRthvI ke bIca candramA A jAtA hai)| 4. cakSu aprApyakArI haiM (vastuta: yaha parokSata: yA ISat prApyakArI hai)| 5. hameM mohanIya evaM asAtA karma ke udaya se bhUkha lagatI hai (mastiSka meM pArzvika hAipo-thailemasa meM bhojana kendra hote haiM / peTa ke sikur3ana kI sUcanA pahu~cane para ye kendra sakriya hokara bhUkha kA AbhAsa karAte haiN| vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha jIvita zarIra tantra kI sahaja kriyA hai)| ina mAnyatAoM ke dRzya kAraNoM meM sUrya ke bRhadAkAra evaM candra ke AkAra kA dikhanA hai / isI prakAra, anya mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM bhI paramparAgata dhAraNAe~ haiN| ye dhAraNAe~ vaijJAnikata: puSTa nahIM haiN| yaha bAta alaga hai ki AkAzIya candra evaM sUrya ko jainoM kA candra aura sUrya na mAneM / bhUkha lagane ke lie bhI karmavAda kA AdhAra amUrtata: hI sArthaka hogA, mUrtata: to usake kAraNa sujJAta haiN| vaise karmavAda meM karma kI mUrtatA kI samakakSatA taka abhI vaijJAnika nahIM pahuMce haiN| isa taraha ke vaijJAnika prakaraNoM meM aneka vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki ina laukika tattvoM ko dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke aMga ke rUpa meM nahIM lenA cAhie kyoMki vijJAna pravAhazIla hai / isa taraha ke saMketoM se dhArmika AsthAoM meM skhalana kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| inheM yA to Adhunika sandarbha meM denA cAhie thA yA phira upekSita hI kara denA cAhie thA / pUrva varNita anya aneka vaijJAnika prakramoM kI koTi bhI prAthamika nirIkSaNa ke antargata AtI hai| ye vijJAna dvArA savyAkhyA anumodita haiN| kathAnaka ke vikAsa evaM tattvadarzana ke vivaraNa ke lie isase adhika kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM thii| 6. mATI kA zodhana evaM antargrathana : 'mUkamATI' ke rUpaka kAvya kA mukhya uddezya patita(miTTI, saMsArI jIvAtmA) ko pAvana (ghaTa-kalaza, zAzvata, sukhI zuddha AtmA) banAnA hai / lekina miTTI jaba ghaTa meM rUpAntarita hotI hai, taba usakI kucha azuddhiyA~ (kaMkar3a) hI bhautika mAdhyamoM se dUra hotI haiM / miTTI kucha rAsAyanika silikeTa yaugikoM kA mizraNa hai| inheM uttApita karane para ye paraspara abhikriyA kara kaThora yaugika (siliko-ailyumineTa) banAte haiN| phalata: mATI se ghaTa banane kI kriyA pUrNa zodhana kI kriyA nahIM, para antargrathana kI kriyA hai / ise miTTI ke adhika upayogI rUpa meM sthAnAntaraNa kI kriyA bhI kaha sakate haiN| kyA hama isI prakAra saMsArI jIva kA bhI antargrathana evaM sAmAjIkaraNa ke rUpa meM vikAsa cAhate haiM ? phalata: yaha rUpaka-pratIka karmabaddha saMsArI jIva ke zuddhAtmA meM rUpAntaraNa ke lie samucita nahIM lgtaa| para isa visaMgati ko isa paramparA ke anusAra hI mAnyatA dI jA sakatI hai ki dArTAnta ke sabhI dharma dRSTAnta meM nahIM pAe jAte / yahA~ kevala upayogI rUpAntaraNa evaM usake lie prayukta prakriyA hI samarUpa hotI hai : (1) miTrI-kaccA ghaTa-nava rUpAntarita ghaTa-zubha upayogI ghaTa (2) karmabaddha jIva-bhakti/AsthA-bAhya tapa-antaraMga tapa-rUpAntarita jIvAtmA
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________________ 298 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 7. aitihAsika dRSTikoNa kA abhAva : bIsavIM sadI meM sabhI vicAraka vidvAn yaha anubhava karate haiM ki adhyAtmapravINa digambaroM kI itihAsa nirapekSatA ne isa sampradAya ko aneka koNoM se hAni pahu~cAI hai / yaha to acchA rahA ki dasavIM sadI ke bAda ke aneka AcAryoM ne kama-se-kama apanI kRtiyoM meM apanA paricaya to diyaa| isake pUrva ke aneka AcAryoM ne isa viSaya meM mauna rakhA / phalataH Aja bhI unake jIvana carita anirdhAraka carcA ke viSaya bane hue haiM aura vicAroM ke, jJAna pravAha ke vikAsa kI kar3iyoM ke nirdhAraNa meM kaThinAI paidA kara rahe haiN| AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI ne apane granthoM meM apane paricaya kI paramparA mAnya kI hai| unake paTTaziSya 'mUkamATI' ke mahAkavi ne isa paramparA kI apane kAvya meM upekSA kara na kevala guru-paramparA meM vyAghAta kiyA hai apitu kAvya kI sAhityika aitihAsikatA kI bhI upekSA kI hai / adhyAtma jagat meM, vastutaH aitihAsikatA hotI hI nahIM, vaha to traikAlika mAnA jAtA hai / para 'mUkamATI' ke samakAlika jagat meM yaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / jaise samaya ke pravAha meM mATI vibhinna caraNoM meM ghaTakalaza banatI hai, vaise hI saMsArI jIva bhI samaya ke pravAha meM adhyAtmamukhI ho jAtA hai, phalataH kavi-paricaya / paramparAparicaya Avazyaka lagatA hai / isake na hone se mahAkAvya meM eka kamI-sI parilakSita hotI hai / ina binduoM kI ora samucita dhyAna die jAne para isa mahAkAvya kI mahattA aura prabhAvakatA kAphI bar3ha / isa mahAkAvya ke mahAkavi kA mahAbhivandana / sakatI 'bolatI mATI' 'mUkamATI' kI kucha vizeSatAoM ke paridhAna meM 1995 meM 'bolatI mATI' kAvya prakAzita huA hai| usake eka parAmarzadAtA ne isake prakAzana ke pUrva usakI pANDulipi ko jalAkara prAyazcita karane taka kA sujhAva diyA thA, para use amAnya kara diyA gayA / phalataH yaha kAvya kitanA lokapriya huA hogA, yaha carcanIya hai| isameM 'mUkamATI' meM varNita teraha saiddhAntika evaM caryAtmaka carcAoM ko viziSTa pantha kI mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki vibhinna AcAra/caryAe~ dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke anusAra parivartanIya rahI haiM / ina parivartanoM meM hI jIvantatA nihita hotI hai / inake viSaya meM mAnyatAe~ vyakti, vidvAn yA sAdhujana ke viveka para nirbhara karatI haiM / aneka prAcIna aura arvAcIna jaina zAstra aneka prakAra ke saiddhAntika virodhAbhAsoM se bhare par3e haiN| unheM dUra karane ke lie mAtra kevalI ko hI samartha mAnA gayA hai / phalata: mahAkAvya meM varNita vicAradhArAe~ yA mantavya anekAnta dRSTi se hI vicAraNIya haiM / isa dRSTi se mujhe lagatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kI mUkatA meM jo sarasatA aura prerakatA hai, vaha 'bolatI mATI' meM dikhAI nahIM detii| phira bhI, isakI sacitra evaM anukRta kAvya zailI pAThakoM ko kiMcit Ananda to detI hI hai| pR. 483 nisarga se hI sRja-dhAtu kI bhA~ti bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA. tumane svayaM ko...... huA!
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________________ jIvana aura darzana kI sArthaka abhivyakti kA mahAkAvya - 'mUkamATI' DaoN. hukumacanda rAjapAla AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara viracita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ko jitanI bAra samIkSA ke lie par3hA eka vilakSaNa pratibhA sampanna racanA pratIta huI / kavi ne eka aise viSaya ko isameM saMyojita kiyA hai jo aba taka achUtA rahA hai| cAra pramukha khaNDoM meM vibhAjita 488 pRSThoM kA yaha mahAn kAvya, jise hama 'mahAn kAvya' athavA 'darzana kAvya' kahanA cAheMge, kavi kI mahattvapUrNa kAvyopalabdhi hai / kathya evaM prastuti kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya sarvathA navIna hai| mATI, kumbha, nadI, jhArI, zilpI kumbhakAra, svarNakalaza, seTha Adi ke mAdhyama se dArzanika kavi ne atyanta rocaka evaM vyAkhyAtmaka DhaMga se isa kAvyakRti ke kathya ko prastuta kiyA hai| sahI arthoM meM mATI mUka hai, saba kucha sahatI hai para kavi kI dRSTi meM vaha mahAn hai, usakI garimA, varcasva se dRSTi ojhala honA apane Apase dhokhA hai / kavi kI viziSTatA isa bAta meM hai ki ve pratyeka pakSa ko eka samyak AdhAra pradAna karate haiM - sAyAsa kucha bhI nahIM / anubhUta satya ko sapATa evaM saMzliSTa donoM dharAtala para vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai| mATI mUka hai para vaha hai guNoM kI khAna hI / ve mAnate haiM, yadi mATI ke svabhAva dharma meM atyalpakAla ke lie antara A jAe to pralaya A jAtI hai| ise ve 'vizva ke zvAsoM kA vizvAsa hI samApta' se prastuta karate haiM (pR. 365 ) / kathya -! - prastuti kA apanA andAja hai / ve mAnate haiM : "mATI svayaM bhIgatI hai dayA se / aura/auroM ko bhI bhigotI hai / mATI meM boyA gayA bIja / samucita anila - salila pA poSaka tattvoM se puSTa- pUrita / sahasra guNita ho phalatA hai|" (pR. 365) isIlie sabhI dRSTiyoM se prastuta kAvya meM kavi kA mUla pratipAdya mATI kI viziSTatA pratiSThApita karanA hai / mATI se kumbha nirmANa kI eka lambI prakriyA hai| mATI ko kumbha rUpa meM Ate-Ate aneka kaSTa jhelane par3ate haiM - vaha apanA rUpa sahaja mUka badalatI rahatI hai tathA usase nirmita kumbha ko pakA kara pavitra kalaza kI sampUrNa prakriyA ko kavi ne sahaja bhAva vibhoratA kI sthiti meM mUrtimAn kiyA hai / yathAsthAna kumbha evaM svarNa kalaza ke vArtAlApa se kumbha evaM mATI ke mahattva ko darzAyA hai | yahI kAraNa hai ki ise par3hate hue jahA~ pAThaka isase rasAsvAdana karatA hai, anubhUti ke kSaNoM meM vicaratA hai, vahA~ use aneka dArzanika vyAkhyAoM kA bodha hotA hai| hama isa samasta pAThana prakriyA ko saMvedanAtmaka jJAna kI prakriyA mAnate haiN| saMvedanA aura jJAna kA maNi - kAMcana saMyoga hai / kAvya ke sabhI guNoM se yukta isa kRti meM jJAna kA adbhuta bhaNDAra hai-saMgIta zAstra, auSadhi vijJAna, lokAnubhava kI saTIka uktiyA~, vaijJAnikatA ke dharAtala kI navIna avadhAraNAe~, aMka vijJAna kA camatkAra Adi ko isameM yathAsthAna dekhA jA sakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ise hama hindI mahAkAvya kI paramparA meM naveM dazaka kI kAvya-paramparA kI vilakSaNa kRti mAnate haiM / muktachanda meM itane bar3e phalaka para isakI racanA apane Apa meM eka upalabdhi hai| hA~, mahAkAvya ke svIkRta sabhI guNoM - tattvoM kI samAviSTi kA kahIMkahIM abhAva honA svAbhAvika hai, pAThakIya saMvedanA meM bhI bAdhA AnI sahaja hai / kAraNa, Ama pAThaka yahA~ taka ki tathAkathita buddhijIvI varga bhI ina samasta dArzanika avadhAraNAoM athavA prastutiyoM se kahA~ paricita hai / isa mahAkAvya ko yadi paramparita tattvoM - guNoM se thor3A haTa kara vivecita kiyA jAe to isakA sahI mUlyAMkana ho skegaa| yahA~ hama kucha saMketa hI de rahe haiM / lakSmIcandra jaina ne apane 'prastavana' meM isa mahAkAvya kI pahacAna bar3e manoyoga evaM saTIka dharAtala para kI hai /
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________________ 300 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mATI kI vedanA - vyathA pahale kI bIsa-tIsa paMktiyoM meM itanI tIvratA aura mArmikatA se vyakta huI hai ki karuNA sAkAra ho jAtI hai| mA~-beTI kA vArtAlApa kSaNa-kSaNa meM saritA kI dhArA ke samAna acAnaka nayA mor3a letA jAtA hai aura dArzanika cintana mukhara ho jAtA hai / pratyeka tathya tattva darzana kI udbhAvanA meM apanI sArthakatA pAtA hai, yathA : ''mUkamATI' kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yahI hai ki isa paddhati se jIvana-darzana paribhASita hotA jAtA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha ki yaha darzana Aropita nahIM lagatA, apane prasaMga aura pariveza se udghATita hotA hai " ( prastavana, pR. VI ) / jina binduoM ora zrI jaina saMketa karate haiM tathA unakA yathAsambhava samAdhAna prastuta karate haiM, unase hamArI pUrNa sahamati hai / para pAThakIya saMvedanA ko inhoMne apane rUpa meM mAna liyA hai| sacamuca yaha mahAkAvya sarvathA navIna viSaya evaM prastuti para AdhArita hai| isake AdhAra para mahAkAvya ke nae mAnadaNDa sthApita hoMge, aisA hamArA vizvAsa hai / isakI samajha tathA sahI pahacAna ke lie dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kA bodha apekSita hai| kucha paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM: : O isa prakAra ke aneka sandarbha - pakSa ise dArzanika athavA vyAkhyA kAvya kI koTi meM le jAte haiM tathA pAThakIya saMvedanA evaM paiTha kI viziSTatA kI mA~ga karate haiM / yahA~ hama kucha aise udAharaNa bhI denA cAhate haiM jo pAThakIya dRSTi se ullekhya haiM / aise saMketa - sandarbha ullekha se loka-mAnasa bhalI-bhA~ti paricita hai, yathA : O O " vyAdhi se itanI bhIti nahIM ise / jitanI Adhi se hai aura / Adhi se itanI bhIti nahIM ise / jitanI upAdhi se / ise upadhi kI AvazyakatA hai/ upAdhi kI nahIM, mA~ ! ise samadhI samAdhi mile, basa ! / avadhi - pramAdI nahIM / upadhi yAnI / upakaraNa - upakAraka hai nA ! upAdhi yAnI / parigraha - apakAraka hai nA !" (pR. 86) O O - 66 "lakSmaNa-rekhA kA ullaMghana / rAvaNa ho yA sItA rAma hI kyoM na hoM / daNDita karegA hI !" (pR. 217 ) " jisa bhA~ti / lakSmaNa kI mUrcchA TUTI anaMga-sarA kI maMjula aMjuli ke / jala - siMcana se / " (pR. 467) O " rAvaNa ne sItA kA haraNa kiyA thA / taba sItA ne kahA thA / " (pR. 468) " hanUmAna apane sara para / himAlaya le ur3a rahA ho !" (pR. 251) kucha dArzanika vyAkhyA - sthaloM ke atirikta sampUrNa kAvya sahaja evaM bodhagamya hai| gahana se gahana anubhava ko kavi ne atyanta sarala rUpa meM prastuti pradAna kI hai, yathA : " anyAya mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle / rAvaNa jaise zatruoM para, raNAMgaNa meM kUdakara / rAma jaise / zrama-zIloM kA hAtha uThAnA hI kaliyuga meM sat-yuga lA sakatA hai|" (pR. 362) " puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI / mokSa hai, sAra hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 301 aura/anyatra ramanA ho/bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai...!" (pR. 93) . "para se sva kI tulanA karanA/parAbhava kA kAraNa hai dInatA kA pratIka bhI / " (pR. 339) 'mUkamATI' meM racayitA ne aneka paribhASAoM aura uktiyoM se aneka pakSoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai, yathA : 0 "saMpreSaNa vaha khAda hai/jisase, ki/sadbhAvoM kI paudha/puSTa -sampuSTa hotI hai ullAsa-pAtI hai;/saMpreSaNa vaha svAda hai;/jisase ki/tattvoM kA bodha tuSTa-santuSTa hotA hai/prakAza pAtA hai|" (pR. 23) 0 "dharatI zabda kA bhI bhAva/viloma rUpa se yahI nikalatA hai - dharatI tIra"/yAnI,/jo tIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai yA zaraNAgata ko/tIra para dharatI hai |/vhii 'dharatI' khlaatii|" (pR. 452) "saba kucha taja kara,/vana gaye/nagna, apane meM magna bana gaye usI ora"/ unhIM kI anukrama-nirdezikA/bhAratIya saMskRti hai sukha-zAnti kI pravezikA hai|" (pR. 103) "pramAda pathika kA parama zatru hai|" (pR. 172) 0 "adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai|" (pR. 288) / "roga kA zodhana hai niirogtaa|" (pR. 353) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racayitA ne isameM aneka uktiyoM, sArthaka vaktavyoM evaM saTIka sAragarbhita paribhASAoM ke dvArA jahA~ dArzanika kavi hone kA paricaya diyA hai, vahA~ prakRti ke aneka sthala vizeSa ramaNIya sandarbha isa kAvya kI zobhA kI zrIvRddhi meM sahAyaka rahe haiN| vaise samasta kAvya hI prakRti kA khela pratIta hotA hai / mATI, kaMkara, kumbha, nadI, candramA, sUrya, parvata, pavana, sabhI Rtue~ prakRti kI vividhatA ke paricAyaka haiN| phira isameM kavi ne inheM mAnavIya AdhAra pradAna kiyA hai, nATakIya zailI meM apane anubhavoM ko mUrtimAn karanA cAhA hai / mATI ke vibhinna rUpa aura usakI mahattA isameM draSTavya hai / hameM isa kavi kA zilpa-pakSa arthAt prastuti vilakSaNa evaM navIna pratIta huI hai| zabda-krIr3A nahIM varan zabda-sArthakatA para bala rahA hai, tabhI ve kahate haiM : "calanA, anucita calanA/aura kucalanA/ye tIna bAteM haiN| prasaMga cala rahA hai kucalane kA/kucalI jAyegI mA~ mATI ...! phira bhalA/kyA kahU~, kyoM kahU~/kisa vidhi kahU~ padoM ko? aura, gambhIra hotI hai rsnaa|" (pR. 117) kathA-vikAsa ke pracalita sabhI sAdhanoM ko kavi ne apanAyA hai| saMvAda tathA nATakIya zailI ke kAraNa isameM gati AI hai tathA pAThaka sahaja se AtmasAt kara pAe haiM / alaMkAroM kI prastuti meM vizeSa bhUmikA rahI hai| kavi zabda kI sArthakatA, mahattA evaM vyApakatA se bhalIbhA~ti paricita hai / bhASA adhikAra vizeSa draSTavya hai :
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________________ 302 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 "bhavana-bhUta-bhaviSya-vettA/bhagavad-bodha meM barAbara bhAsvata hai / " (pR. 116) 0 "kumbha ke vyaMgAtmaka vacanoM se/rAjA kA vizAla bhAla/eka sAtha tIna bhAvoM se bhAvita huA-/lajjA kA anuraMjana, roSa kA prasAraNa-AkuMcana,/aura/ghaTanA kI yathArthatA ke viSaya meM cintA-mizrita cintana / " (pR. 218) "kumbha ke aMga-aMga se/saMgIta kI taraMga nikala rahI hai,/aura bhUmaNDala aura nabhamaNDala ye/usa gIta meM taira rahe haiN| ...usake mana meM zubha-bhAva kA umar3ana/batA rahA hai sabako ki, aba nA patana, utpatana"/uttarottara unnayana-unnayana/nUtana bhaviSya-zasya bhAgya kA ughar3ana !" (pR. 299) 'vaikharI' kI vyAkhyA apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa hai / madhyamA sarva-sAdhAraNa zruti kA viSaya ho vaikharI kahalAnA tathA pAtra ke anusAra artha-bheda ke sAtha zabda-bheda ko spaSTa karate hue kavi kahate haiM : "sajjana-mukha se nikalI vANI/'vai' yAnI nizcaya se / 'kharI' yAnI saccI hai,/sukha-sampadA kI sampAdikA / megha se chUTI jala kI dhArA/ikSu kA Azraya pAkara/kyA mizrI nahIM banatI ? aura/durjana-mukha se nikalI vANI/'vai' yAnI nizcaya se 'khalI' yAnI dhUrtA-pApinI hai,/sArahInA vipadA-pradAyinI vahI megha se chUTI jala-dhArA/nIma kI jar3a meM jAkara kyA kaTutA nahIM dharatI?" (pR. 403) isa prakAra ke anya aneka udAharaNa prastuta kie jA sakate haiM jinase isa kAvya ko 'vyAkhyAtmaka kathA kAvya' athavA 'darzana kAvya' svIkAranA ucita pratIta hotA hai / kathA-vikAsa sahaja evaM svAbhAvika DhaMga se huA hai tathA pratyeka pAtra mATI, kumbha, zilpI, svarNa kalaza, nadI Adi kA samyak paricaya pAThaka ko mila jAtA hai / lakSmIcandra jaina ne bhUmikA meM isa kAvya ke nAyaka-nAyikA kA prazna rocaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai : "mATI to nAyikA hai hI, kumbhakAra ko nAyaka mAna sakate haiM kintu yaha dRSTi laukika artha meM ghaTita nahIM hotI / yahA~ romAMsa yadi hai to AdhyAtmika prakAra kA hai| kitanI pratIkSA rahI hai mATI ko kumbhakAra kI, yugoM-yugoM se, ki vaha uddhAra karake avyakta sattA meM se ghaTa kI maMgala-mUrti udghATita kregaa| maMgala-ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda-prakSAlana meM hai jo kAvya ke pAtra, bhakta seTha, kI zraddhA ke AdhAra haiN|...kaavy ke nAyaka to yahI guru haiM kintu svayaM guru ke lie antima nAyaka haiM arhanta deva : "jo moha se mukta ho jIte haiM/rAga-roSa se rIte haiM/janama-maraNa jarA-jIrNatA/jinheM chU nahIM sakate aba"/ ... sadA-sarvathA nizcinta haiM/aSTAdaza doSoM se duur...|" (prastavana, pR.VI-VII)| hamArI dRSTi meM prastuta kAvya meM nAyaka-nAyikA kI samasyA itanI mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai- aise 'adhyAtma 'darzana' kAvya meM isa prakAra kI carcA kA koI artha nahIM hotA / sampUrNa kAvya kavi, dArzanika kavi, jinheM hama saMvedanAtmaka jJAna kA kavi mAnate haiM, kI anubhUti, anubhava, darzana tathA adhyAtma kI avadhAraNAoM kI prastuti hai / jIvana aura darzana ke aneka praznoM ko isa kathA kAvya meM sahI AdhAra para samajhAne kA saphala prayatna hai / kavi kI ina
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________________ paMktiyoM ko jIvana kA mUlAdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai : D m mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 303 " kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya / anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai / " (pR. 13) 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA - paramAtmA hai / 'artha' yAnI prAptavya - prayojana hai AtmA ko chor3akara / saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI puruSArtha hai / " (pR. 346) isameM seTha ke dvArA kie gae aneka prazna kavi ke sammukha rahe haiM, sabhI kA samAdhAna ve eka AdhyAtmika, dArzanika vyAkhyAtA, saMvedanazIla kavi kI bhA~ti karate haiM / hama apanI sImA se bhalIbhA~ti paricita haiM tathA isakI samIkSA bhI anya mahAkAvya kI bhA~ti nahIM kI jA sakatI - isakA samyak bodha hameM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI mahAkAvya paramparA meM mukta chanda - prastuti aura navIna viSaya (kathya) ke kAraNa isa mahAkAvya ko dArzanika kavi kI eka vilakSaNa upalabdhi mAnate haiM / muktachanda meM chandabaddhatA jaisI laya, pravAha hai, bhItarI anviti se sampUrNa kAvya rocaka sammukha natamastaka 1 hai | hama pR. 1 nizA kA avasAna uSA kI zAna ho rahI hai!
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________________ udAtta sAdhanA kA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' : eka dRSTi DaoN. umA zaMkara zukla jainAcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' udAtta sAdhanA kI vikAsa yAtrA kA manorama AkhyAna hai / isa mahAkAvya meM varNita sAdhanA laukika aura alaukika donoM hI dharAtaloM para yugapat agrasara dRSTigocara hotI hai| karmazIla manuSya saMyamapUrvaka apane karttavya kA paripAlana karake jahA~ pArthiva samRddhi kI U~cAI taka pahu~catA hai, vahIM vaha anta: sAdhanA karake viziSTa cetanAzakti se saMvalita hokara Urdhvaloka ke AdhyAtmika zikharoM para saphalatApUrvaka ArohaNa karatA hai| yahI isa cAmatkArika mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kA prazasta aura mahat sandeza hai / mUka miTTI durbala 'manuSya' ko satkarma sAdhanA meM pravRtta hone kI sampreraNA dekara use adhyAtma ke carama utkarSa patha arthAt ziva sopAna para agrasara hone aura pahu~cane ko pratIkita karatI hai / isa mahAkAvya kI vaicArika bhUmi vyApaka aura puSTa hai / adhyAtma pradhAna kAvya hone para bhI isameM navIna yugabodha hai aura zilpa ke dharAtala para sapATabayAnI, zabda krIr3A kA kautuka tathA nava-nava arthacchaviyoM AkarSaNa bhI / isameM prayukta mukta chanda meM Antara laya, atukAntatA aura satukAntatA kI aneka raMga - rekhAe~ yatra-tatra sahaja hI ubharI haiM / isakI kathAvastu atyanta sAmAnya hai kintu kavi kI varNanAzakti ne use viziSTa, saprANa aura prabhAvakArI banA diyA hai / isake kathAsUtra kA mUla utsa jJAnamArgI santa kabIra aura lokanAyaka rAmabhakta kavi tulasI ke nimnAMkita svaroM meM bhI jhaMkRta milatA hai : m D "guru kumhAra siSa kumbha hai, gar3hi - gar3hi kAdai khoTa / antara hAtha sahAra dai, bAhara bAhai coTa / ' "" "binu guru hoi ki jJAna, jJAna ki hoi birAga binu / gAvahiM beda purAna, sukha ki lahiya hari bhagati binu // " isa mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kI gaI hai| isake prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' meM miTTI ke saMskAra kI prakriyA varNita hai, jisase usakI saMkaratA arthAt vikArayukta vastuoM kI milAvaTa samApta hotI hai aura use zuddha, mRdula, sahaja varNa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| dvitIya khaNDa ' zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM miTTI ke utkhanana kI kriyA kA rocaka varNana hai / kumhAra apanI kudAlI se miTTI khodanA prArambha karatA hai / akasmAt usakI kudAlI kA prahAra eka kA~Te para hotA hai aura vaha Ahata hokara pratizodha kI bhAvanA se bhara uThatA hai / kintu bAda meM jaba kumhAra ko apanI asAvadhAnI kA dhyAna AtA hai to use pazcAtApa hotA hai aura vaha AtmaglAni kA anubhava karatA hai| isa khaNDa meM kavi ne sAhitya, saMgIta, rasa, prakRti nirUpaNa Adi kA bahuvidha paricaya diyA hai| tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' ke antargata miTTI kI athaka sAdhanA dvArA puNyopalabdhi kI mAMgalika sthiti kI prApti kA AkhyAna hai / caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM guru rUpI kumhAra dvArA use ghaTa rUpa dekara paripakva banAne ke sandarbha meM kaThora santApa die jAne kA varNana hai / yahA~ kathAvastu bahuAyAmI ho uThI hai / vividha pArthiva-apArthiva manobhUmiyoM para agaNita bhAvanAoM - vicAroM kA AvirbhAva - tirobhAva yahA~ kavi kI vilakSaNa kalpanAzakti tathA sUkSma-nigUr3ha tattvacintana ko bahuza: rekhAMkita karatA hai / antata: kRtikAra ne apane udAtta lakSya kA udghATana bhI mArmika DhaMga se isa prakAra kiyA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 305 "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN|/aur maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN| isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai-/kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka/jAgRta "jIvita "ajita !" (pR. 245) ukta 'yathAkAra' zabda meM zuddha caitanya AtmasvarUpa ke bodha kA AdhyAtmika saMketa nihita hai| isa mahAkAvya meM yathAsthAna Adhunika yugabodha bhI jhalakatA-jhA~katA dikhatA hai| udAharaNArtha- caturtha khaNDa meM adhikArAsakti, dhana lipsA, AtaMkavAda kI vartamAna samasyA aura vartamAna jIvana ke anya aneka mahattvapUrNa sandarbha bhI ukere gae haiM aura sAtha hI unake samAdhAna kA sUkSma nirdeza bhI kiyA gayA hai / kavi vividha daloM kI rAjanIti ke ghRNita, kutsita rUpa ko ujAgara karatA huA kahatA hai : 0 "dala-bahulatA zAnti kI hananI hai nA!/jitane vicAra, utane pracAra utanI cAla-DhAla/hAlA ghulI jala-tA/klAnti kI jananI hai nA!" (pR. 197) 0 "tuccha svArthasiddhi ke lie/kucha vyartha kI prasiddhi ke lie saba kucha anartha ghaTa sakatA hai !" (pR. 197) ___ Aja ke hrAsonmukha jIvana mUlyoM kI sthiti bar3I bhayAvaha hotI jA rahI hai / kavi kI dRSTi usa para bhI par3I hai: "hAya re !/samagra saMsAra-sRSTi meM/aba ziSTatA kahA~ hai vaha ? avaziSTatA duSTatA kI rahI mAtra!" (pR. 212) isa kAvya kRti meM anekAneka jIvanopayogI sUkti ratna bhI bikhare par3e haiM jinakI dIpti se kavitva jagamagAtA dRSTigocara hotA hai, yathA: 0 "tana kA niyantraNa sarala hai/aura/mana kA niyantraNa asambhava to nahIM, tathApi/vaha eka ulajhana avazya hai/kaTuka-pAna garala hai vh"|" (pR. 198) 0 "dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM se/gRhastha jIvana zobhA pAtA hai|" (pR.204) 0 "tIra milatA nahIM binA taire|"(pR. 267) 0 "Atma-sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM taba,/siddha-mantra bhI mRtaka banatA hai|" (pR. 295) Aja nagaroM meM aneka dhyAna kendra bhI khulate sunAI dete haiM kintu mAtra kendra sthApana se kucha bhI hone kA nhiiN| saccI sAdhanA yAtrA to virAma aura ananta hotI hai : 0 "dhyAna kI bAta karanA/aura/dhyAna se bAta karanA/ina donoM meM bahuta antara hai dhyAna ke kendra kholane-mAtra se/dhyAna meM kendrita honA sambhava nhiiN|"(pR. 286) 0 "nirantara sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora
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________________ 306 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA,/vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) 'adhyAtma' ke svarUpa ke prati kavi kI dRSTi bahuta spaSTa hai / vaha saMgharSI jIvana se hI udAtta jIvana bodha kA mArga nikAlane kA pakSadhara hai : "svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai| aneka saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vyasta jIvana darzana kA hotA hai| bahirmukhI yA bahumukhI pratibhA hI darzana kA pAna karatI hai,/antarmukhI, bandamukhI cidAbhA niraMjana kA gAna karatI hai / " (pR. 288) isa prakAra yaha mahAkAvya vividha jIvanavyApI tathyoM aura satyoM kA udghATana karane meM samartha hai / bhASA, bhAva aura zilpa sabhI dRSTiyoM se isameM paryApta navInatA hai| hA~, kahIM-kahIM zAbdika khilavAr3a yA camatkAra sRSTi kI balavatI spRhA ne bhAva-gAmbhIrya ko kSati avazya pahu~cAI hai / samagrata: kavi kA yaha prayAsa zlAghanIya hai / vaha sAdhuvAda kA adhikArI hai| pR. 18 karavaTeM badaladarI. .... upayogakIbAta. +
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________________ Adhunika hindI kAvya - sAhitya kI viziSTa upalabdhi : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. mAlatI jaina AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI anupama kRti 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI kAvya - sAhitya kI eka viziSTa upalabdhi hai / isa vizAlakAya grantha ko yadi adhyAtma, vijJAna aura kAvya kI triveNI kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAe to atizayokti na hogI / yaha sarasa marmasparzI kAvyakRti isa pariprekSya meM aura adhika vismayakArI pratIta hotI hai ki isake sRjana kA utsa eka santa kA vItarAga hRdaya hai, jo isa bhautika saMsAra se udAsIna hai| rAga aura virAga, hRdaya aura mastiSka donoM kA aisA vicitra sammilana durlabha nahIM to atizaya prayatnasAdhya avazya hai / racanAkAra ne jahA~ eka ora adhyAtma ke athAha sAgara meM DubakiyA~ lagAkara gUr3ha dArzanika siddhAntoM ke mauktika DhU~r3ha nikAle haiM, vahA~ dUsarI ora eka sahRdaya bhAvuka kavi kI A~khoM se isa saMsAra sAgara kI uttAla taraMgoM ke nartana ko bhI nihArA hai / yaha sampUrNa prakRti use mAyA pratIta nahIM hotI apitu prakRti naTI ke pratyeka kriyAkalApa meM use kucha mauna sandeza zravaNagata hotA hai| kahanA na hogA, usakA virAgI mana prakRti meM khUba ramA hai / isa mahAkAvya kI mUla saMvedanA kA AdhAra bhI prakRti hI hai / saMkocazIlA, lAjavatI, lAvaNyavatI, padadalitA, sukha-muktA, duHkha-yuktA saritA taTa kI mATI, isa mahAkAvya kI nAyikA hai, jo mumukSu AtmA kA pratIka hai / mA~ dharatI ke sammukha yaha mUka mATI mukhara hotI hai, vyakta karatI hai apanI avyakta pIr3A ko ina zabdoM meM : 1 " isa paryAya kI / iti kaba hogI ? / isa kAyA kI / cyuti kaba hogI ?" (pR. 5) kitanI karuNA hai usake isa Akula nivedana meM ! "aura suno, / vilamba mata karo / pada do, patha do / pAtheya bhI do mA~ ! " (pR. 5) dharatI, jo antazcetanA kA pratIka hai, mATI ko AsthA ke tAroM para sAdhanA kI u~galiyA~ calAne kA upadeza detI hai aura isa taraha racanAkAra bar3e rocaka DhaMga se jaina darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta 'samyagdarzana - jJAna - cAritrANi mokSamArga : ' kA pratipAdana kara detA hai / dharatI mATI ko yaha zubha sandeza bhI detI hai ki kala ke svarNima prabhAta meM kumbhakAra use patita se pAvana AegA / use samarpaNa bhAva sameta, usake sukhada caraNoM meM praNipAta karake apanI mukti - ya - yAtrA kA sUtrapAta karanA hai / kumbhakAra guru kA pratIka hai| vaha miTTI ko sAdhanA mArga rUpI gadahe para lAdakara apanI yogazAlA rUpa dharmasthalI meM le AtA hai| mATI ke lode se kumbha ke rUpa meM pariNata hone kI prakriyA meM, mATI ko kaThina agni parIkSA se guz2aranA hotA hai| isa kaSTa sahana meM chipA hai jaina darzana kA yaha traikAlika satya : " parISaha - upasarga ke binA kabhI svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi / na huI, na hogI / " (pR. 266 ) mATI kA paripakva kumbha ke rUpa meM parivartita honA pariSkRta AtmA kA jJAna prApta karanA hai| kathA ke anta meM yaha jJAnI AtmA vItarAgI santa ke caraNoM meM samarpita hokara mukta ho jAtI hai : : "mahA- mauna meM/ DUbate hue santa / aura mAhaula ko animeSa nihAratI - sI / mUka- mATI / " (pR. 488 )
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________________ 308 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Ananda kI isa carama sthiti meM mahAkAvya kA paryavasAna pAThaka ko Atmavibhora kara detA hai / mahAmauna meM santa DUbA aura mAmUka hokara animeSa nihAranA kitanA manovaijJAnika hai ! isa atizaya Ananda ko jihvA kyoM kara varNita kara pAegI ? "" "When the heart is full, the tongue is dumb.' jaba zabda hAra jAte haiM, taba mauna mukhara hotA hai| alaukika Ananda kA yaha vAtAvaraNa hameM anAyAsa mahAkavi jayazaMkara prasAda ke mahAkAvya 'kAmAyanI' (Ananda sarga) kI nimna paMktiyoM kA smaraNa dilA detA hai : " samarasa the jar3a yA cetana / sundara sAkAra banA thA; cetanatA eka vilasatI / Ananda akhaNDa ghanA thA / " vivecya kRti ko nissandeha rUpaka kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai jo a~grejI ke Allegory kA paryAya hai / isa prakAra kI racanA meM prAya: eka dvayarthaka kathA hotI hai jisakA eka artha pratyakSa aura dUsarA gUr3ha hotA hai / sampUrNa mahAkAvya meM rUpaka tattva ke nirvAha meM kavi ko pUrNa saphalatA prApta huI hai / kavi kA yaha varNana kauzala use prasiddha sUphI kavi jAyasI samakakSa pratiSThApita karatA hai, jinake prasiddha mahAkAvya 'padamAvata' meM ratnasena aura padamAvatI kI kathA ke mAdhyama se sUphI siddhAntoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| guru kI mahattA ke pratipAdana aura sAdhanA patha ke kaSToM kI anivAryatA ke sambandha meM donoM mahAkAvyoM meM paryApta sAmya hai / 'mUkamATI' kA kumbhakAra aura padamAvata kA hIrAmana totA donoM hI sAMsArika AtmA ke pariSkAra meM, guru kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate haiN| padamAvatI rUpI paramAtmA ke nivAsa sthAna siMghala dvIpa pahu~cane meM rAjA ratnasena kA sAtoM samudroM ko pAra karanA sAdhanA patha ke vibhinna upasarga aura parISahoM ko sahana karanA hai / isa kAvyakRti kI sarvAdhika ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki pAThakoM ke Upara adhyAtma thopA nahIM gayA hai apitu vaha kathA sUtra ke mAdhyama se prasaMgavaza anAyAsa vyAkhyAyita hotA calA gayA hai / katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM / sphaTika kI jhArI aura mATI ke kumbha ke madhya hone vAlI noMka-jhoMka meM, kitanI sahajatA aura saralatA se jaina darzana ke anusAra samyagjJAna kI vyAkhyA kara dI gaI hai| : 66 'sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM / 'para' ko para ke rUpa meM / jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA / sahI jJAna kA 'phala' / " (pR. 375) Aja taka upAdAna aura nimitta kA vivecana bar3A vivAdAspada aura nIrasa rahA hai| AcAryazrI ne rassI kI sahAyatA se nadI pAra karane vAle seTha parivAra ke saMvAdoM ke mAdhyama se isa zuSka evaM kliSTa viSaya kA kitanA spaSTa evaM tArkika vivecana kiyA hai : "upAdAna - kAraNa hI / kArya meM DhalatA hai /yaha akATya niyama hai, kintu / usake Dhalane meM / nimitta kA sahayoga bhI Avazyaka hai, ise yU~ kaheM to aura uttama hogA ki / upAdAna kA koI yahA~ para .. para-mitra hai to vaha / nizcaya se nimitta hai / " (pR. 481) 1 anekAnta yA syAdvAda bhAratIya darzana ko jaina darzana kI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa dena hai / anekAnta ke siddhAnta ko na samajhane vAle ise anizcayavAda kI garhita saMjJA pradAna karate haiM / kavi ne kumbha ke mukhamaNDala para aMkita 'hI' aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 309 'bhI' ina do akSaroM ke dvArA anekAnta kA kitanA bodhagamya vivecana kiyA hai, yathA : "aba darzaka ko darzana hotA hai-/kumbha ke mukha maNDala para 'hI' aura 'bhI' ina do akSaroM kaa| ye donoM bIjAkSara haiM, apane-apane darzana kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| 'hI' ekAntavAda kA samarthaka hai/'bhI' anekAnta, syAdvAda kA pratIka / hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA, tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho !/aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha !/ 'hI' dekhatA hai hIna dRSTi se para ko 'bhI' dekhatA hai samIcIna dRSTi se saba ko|" (pR. 172-173) kavi kA pramukha lakSya jaina dharma ke tAttvika aura vyAvahArika donoM pakSoM kA vivecana karanA hai / use kathAprasaMgoM ke madhya jahA~ kahIM bhI avasara milA hai, usane bar3I kuzalatA se rocaka DhaMga se apanI bAta kaha dI hai| jaina muni ke AhAra-grahaNa kI vidhi, jalagAlana vidhi evaM jaina sAdhuoM kI caryA se sambandhita anya kriyA-kalApa, sabhI ke manohArI zabda-citra isa kRti meM prApta hote haiN| jaina sAdhu kI AhAra-vidhi kA eka citra dekheM : " 'bho svAmin !/namostu ! namostu ! namostu ! atra! atra ! atra!/tiSTha! tiSTha ! tiSTha!' yU~ sambodhana-svAgata ke svara/do-tIna bAra doharAye gye|" (pR. 322) isa mahAkAvya kA eka ullekhanIya AkarSaNa yaha hai ki adhyAtma jaise gambhIra viSaya se sampRkta hone para bhI yaha sAmayika yuga-bodha se achUtA nahIM hai| nissandeha isakA racanAkAra 'kolAhala kI avani se dUra' prakRti kI suramya goda meM baiThakara Atmacintana meM lIna rahatA hai kintu vaha apane caturdik pariveza se udAsIna nahIM hai / apanI painI dRSTi se vaha vartamAna samAja kI visaMgatiyoM kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa karatA hai aura gambhIra cintana ke uparAnta prastuta karatA hai jvalanta samasyAoM kA svIkArya samAdhAna / pariNAmasvarUpa isa mahAkAvya meM vartamAna yuga kI sAMskRtika, rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika AtmA spandita hotI huI dRSTigata hotI hai / matkuNa aura seTha ke saMvAda meM kavi ne bahuoM para atyAcAra aura zramikoM kA zoSaNa jaisI ghraNita prathAoM para tIkhe vyaMgya kie haiM : "parantu kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|/praay: anucita rUpa se/sevakoM se sevA lete aura/vetana kA vitaraNa bhI anucita hii|/ye apane ko batAte manu kI santAna !/mahAmanA mAnava !" (pR. 386-387) Aja kI sarvAdhika jvalanta samasyA AtaMkavAda para bhI kavi ne apane vicAra prakaTa kie haiM aura kucha bhayAnaka citra bhI prastuta kie haiM, yathA : 0 "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yaha,/ye A~kheM aba/AtaMkavAda ko dekha nahIM sakatIM, ye kAna aba/AtaMka kA nAma suna nahIM skte|" (pR. 441)
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________________ 310 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 "kaThora karkaza karNa-kaTu/zabdoM kI mAra suna dazoM-dizAyeM badhira ho gaIM,/nabha-maNDala nisteja huaa|" (pR. 232) kAvya ke kalApakSa kI kasauTI para bhI yaha kRti kharI utaratI hai| isakI bhASA vyAkaraNaniSTha, khar3I bolI hai, jisameM yathAsthAna saMskRta ke tatsama, tadbhava aura urdU ke zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / prasaMgavaza bolacAla ke grAmINa zabdoM kA prayoga bhI kavi ne kiyA hai jisase bhASA meM sukumAratA, dhvanyAtmakatA aura saMgItAtmakatA kA samAveza huA hai| katipaya udAharaNa dekheM : "sara para pallA nahIM hai" (pR. 1);"jo sarapaTa saraka rahI hai" (pR. 3); "ujalI-ujalI jala kI dhArA" (pR. 8); "bodhi kI cir3iyA vaha/phurra kyoM na kara jAyegI ?/krodha kI bur3hiyA vaha/gurra kyoM na kara jAyegI' (pR. 12); hima kI DalI khA letA hai" (pR. 54) / bhASA meM lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA bhI sundara prayoga huA hai / lokoktiyoM ko chanda ke sA~ce meM phiTa karane meM kavi kA kauzala prazaMsanIya hai| "bina mA~ge motI mile/mA~ge mile na bhIkha'(pR. 454); "pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM" (pR. 14 evaM 482); "gAgara meM sAgara''(pR. 453); "bhIti binA prIti nahIM "(pR. 391); "pAnI-pAnI ho jA"(pR. 53) Adi lokoktiyoM evaM muhAvaroM ne bhASA ko lAkSaNika saundarya pradAna kiyA hai| prasaMgavaza aneka jaina evaM bauddha mantravAkya bhI bhASA meM gUMthe gae haiM / "dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi''(pR. 70); "parasparopagraho jIvanAm'' (pR. 41); "dhammo dayA-visuddho" (pR. 70); "khammAmi, khamaMtu meM" (pR. 105) Adi aise hI prayoga haiM / katipaya sthaloM para kavi ke apane kathana hI gambhIra arthavattA ke kAraNa sUkti bana gae haiM / jaise"binA santoSa, jIvana sadoSa hai" (pR. 339); "asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai...' (pR. 9); "pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai" (pR. 33); "sva kI upalabdhi hI sarvopalabdhi hai" (pR. 340) / vivecya kRti ke abhivyakti kauzala kA sabase bar3A AkarSaNa zabdoM ke sAtha kavi kI khilavAr3a hai| kavi ne zabdoM kI paratoM ko bhedakara unameM maulika arthoM kI pratiSThApanA isa cAturya se kI hai ki kavi ke ukti-vaicitrya aura kalpanA camatkAra donoM kI dAda denI par3atI hai| udAharaNArtha : - "hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na!" (pR. 73) 0 "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiN|" (pR. 92) 0 "yahI merI kAmanA hai/ki/AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM/kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) 0 "yaha nindya karma karake/jaladhi ne jar3a-dhI kA, buddhi-hInatA kA, paricaya diyA hai|" (pR. 189) isa prakAra ke pacAsoM udAharaNa ginAe jA sakate haiM / zabdoM ke ye vyutpattiparaka maulika artha mana ko camatkRta karate haiN| zabdoM ke vilomArtha bhI itane saTIka haiM ki kavi ke buddhi cAturya kA lohA mAnanA par3atA hai, yathA : - "rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai,/svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/raa"hii"hii"raa|" (pR. 57) 0 "rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ? rA"kha"kha"rA!" (pR. 57) 0 "sva ko yAda hI/sva-dayA hai/viloma-rUpa se bhI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 311 yahI artha nikalatA hai/yA "da''da''yA !" (pR. 38) zabdoM ke sAtha kavi kI krIr3A sarjanAtmaka hai, vidhvaMsAtmaka nhiiN| kalazI' zabda ke sAtha kavi kI krIr3A use rItikAlIna kaviyoM ke samakakSa lA khar3A karatI hai, jinakA bhASA cAturya Azcarya kA viSaya hai| kavi ne pratyeka paMkti ke anta meM kalazI' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai kiMcit rUpa parivartana ke sAtha aura isa rUpa parivartana se choTI-sI kalazI meM vibhinna arthoM kA sAgara samA gayA hai / dekheM: "orI kalazI!/kahA~ dikha rahI hai tU/kala "sI ? kevala Aja kara rahI hai/kala kI nakala-sI! ...akala ke abhAva meM/par3I hai kAyA akelI kalA-vihIna vikl-sii|" (pR. 417) yadyapi kAvya kI racanA mukta chanda meM huI hai kintu isameM gItAtmakatA kA abhAva nahIM hai| sarvatra svara, tAla aura laya kA saMgama dRSTigata hotA hai| kahanA na hogA laya ke moha meM kahIM-kahIM aise grAmINa zabdoM kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai jo kiMcit khaTakate haiN| kavi alaMkAroM kA bAdazAha hai / sabhI zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra usake samakSa hAtha jor3e khar3e rahate haiN| kahIM anuprAsa kI runa jhuna sunAI detI hai to kahIM rUpaka kA vaibhava bikharA par3A hai; kahIM zleSa kA camatkAra hai to kahIM upamA, utprekSAoM kI lar3I guMthI hai / aneka sthaloM para kavi ne nitAnta navIna upamAoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / dekheM : 0 "lavaNabhAskara cUraNa-sI/paMktiyoM kAma kara giiN|" (pR. 443) 0 "tarala-taraMgoM se rahita/dhIra gambhIra ho bahane lagI, hAvoM-bhAvoM-vibhAvoM se mukta/gata-vayanA nata-nayanA cira-dIkSitA AryA-sI!" (pR. 455) 0 "kumbha ke mukha para prasannatA hai/prathama zreNI meM uttIrNa parizramI vinayazIla/vilakSaNa vidyaarthii-sm|" (pR. 455) ye maulika upamAe~ kavi ke santa pariveza kI upaja haiN| - uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki anubhUti aura abhivyakti donoM hI dRSTiyoM se santa kavi kI yaha kAvyakRti Adhunika kavitA ko eka nayA AyAma detI hai| kavi kI anubhUti jitanI gaharI hai, usakI abhivyakti utanI hI prabhaviSNu hai / yaha kavitA kavi ke hRdaya se nissRta huI hai, isalie hRdaya taka pahu~catI hai / adhyAtma kI gaMgA, kAvya kI kAlindI aura zilpa kI sarasvatI ko apane meM sameTe yaha kRti, kRtikAra ke nAma ko sArthakatA pradAna karatI huI svayaM vidyA kA sAgara bana gaI hai| isameM avagAhana karane vAloM para kavi bihArI kI nimna paMkti akSaraza: lAgU hotI hai : "anabUr3e bUr3e, tare je bUr3e saba aNg|"(94)
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : saMgrahaNIya evaM cintana-manana ke yogya uttama kAvya kRti pro. (DaoN.) chabinAtha tivArI jainAcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma kI pRSThabhUmi para racita eka aisI kAvya kRti hai jo 'mATI' jaise sAmAnya padArtha ko mahAkAvyAtmaka abhivyakti kA viSaya banAne meM samartha huI hai ! lagabhaga 500 mudrita pRSThoM meM phailI huI racanA sAdhAraNa ( mATI) kI nirIhatA, upekSA, santrAsa, vyathA aura cintA ko itanA mahanIya banA detI hai ki vaha kisI khyAta itihAsa yA paurANika carita kI samatA meM bhI zlAghya lagatI hai / sAdhAraNa kiMvA tuccha (mATI) kI mUka vedanA aura svAtantrya cetanA ko vANI denA virakta yA nirlepa vyaktitva kI athavA sAdhaka kI jAgarUka sAdhanA kI phalazruti hotI hai, kyoMki unakI samabhAva yukta samyak dRSTi sAdhAraNa ke marma ko par3ha lene meM sahaja samartha hotI hai / isa nikaSa para Alocya kRti kharI utaratI hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara kI RSivat karuNa dRSTi miTTI kI aTala sattA aura bhavyatA kI sahI pahacAna isa kRti meM karatI dikhAI detI hai / jisa prakAra koI kumhAra miTTI ko zuddha kara, usameM yathocita mIsana (jAmana) DAlakara, gIlA kara, use macAkara, tadanantara usameM zrama kA arghya car3hA kara use mRdu banA letA hai, cakke para car3hA kara AkAra detA hai phira A~ve kI A~ca se zyAma se raktima AbhA dekara arcanA kA maMgala-ghaTa banAkara, miTTI ko sarvathA vandanIya banA detA hai / tadvat AcArya vidyAsAgara isa kRti mATI ko na kevala maMgala rUpAkRti dete dikhAI dete haiM apitu sAdhAraNa kI jIvana-yAtrA ko sArthaka pariNati bhI pradAna karate haiM / granthAnta meM AI huIM ye paMktiyA~ sarvathA avalokya haiM : "bandhana - rUpa tana, / mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai / / isI kI zuddha - dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai jise / prApta hone ke bAda, / yahA~ / saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai tuma hI batAo !" (pR. 486-487) vastutaH santa kavi apanI cintanadhArA ke anurUpa hI jIvana ke carama lakSya ko paribhASita karatA hai / anya jana usake jIvanAnubhavoM se samasvaratA sthApita kareM yA na kareM, kadAcit santa kavi ko yaha acintya hI hai / 'mUkamATI' kAvya cAra bRhat khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - khaNDa pahalA- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa - lAbha; dUsarA - ' zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM;' tIsarA - 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana;' cauthA - 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / prathama khaNDa meM santa kavi ne zIrSaka ke nAmakaraNa ke anurUpa miTTI kI varNa saMkaratA ko dUra kara use varNalAbha arthAt zuddha dazA meM pahu~cAne kA yatna kiyA hai| vaha kahatA hai : "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI / varNa-lAbha hai, / varadAna hai / / aura kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI / varNa saMkara hai/ abhizApa hai / " (pR. 49) dvitIya khaNDa meM kavi ne miTTI ke mArdava meM nirmala jala ke milana ko nava prANa pAne kA upakrama batAyA hai| jala ajJAnI hai| mATI jaise mahAjJAnI ke caraNoM meM baiTha kara vaha navajJAna pA jAtA hai| isa khaNDa meM santa kavi ke sAhityika parijJAna kA prAkaTya bhI hotA hai| usane nava rasoM kI apanI paribhASAe~ dI haiN| RtuvarNana paraMmparA kA aMdAz2e-bayA~ kucha bhinna hI hai| draSTavya hai eka dRzya citra : " jahA~ kahIM bhI dekhA / mahi meM mahimA hima kI mahakI, / aura Aja !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 313 ghanI aliguNa-hanI/zani kI khanI-sI" bhaya-mada agha kI janI duguNI ho AI rAta hai|/aakhir akhara rahA hai/yaha zizira sbko|" (pR. 91) ina paMktiyoM meM kavi kI bhASA kA pratinidhi rUpa bhI dikhAI detA hai / eka ora to vaha mahi, mahimA, hima, aliguNa, zani, agha jaise tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga karatA dikhAI detA hai, dUsarI ora vaha dviguNita kA tadbhava rUpa 'duguNI' kA prayoga karatA hai aura tIsarI ora 'Aqhira' aura 'akhara' jaise arabI zabdoM kA prayoga abhIta bhAva se kara rahA hai| kula milAkara bhASA prayoga meM kavi ko AbhijAtya kI nahIM, jana kI cintA hai, ataeva usakI bhASA bolacAla ke nikaTa mizrita hI kahI jA sakatI hai jo preSaNIyatA ke nikaSa para kharI utaratI hai| isa khaNDa meM kavi ne jaina darzana ke 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM sat' ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai : "AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai/AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai, jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai/lagA huA yAnI sthira-dhrauvya hai aura/hai yAnI cira-sat/yahI satya hai yahI tathya"!" (pR. 185) sUtroM kI bhASA ko sahaja, sarala janabhASA meM abhivyakti de pAnA kalAkAra kI racanAtmaka zreSThatA kI abhijJApaka hai| 'makamATI' ke tRtIya khaNDa meM racanAkAra ne una AyAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinake anupAlana se puNya kA upArjana hotA hai aura jinameM -krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi meM- Asakti se pApa saMcita hotA hai / vastuta: isa khaNDa meM mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke phalaka para puNya karma ke sampAdana se vyutpanna spRhaNIya upalabdhi kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha khaNDa meM kumbhakAra dvArA saMskArita mATI ko ghaTAkAra diyA jAkara A~ve kI A~ca meM dIkSita karane kI sampUrNa prakriyA ko kAvyabaddha kiyA gayA hai| laghu kA virAT meM parivartana kA upakrama hai caturtha khaNDa / phalata: phalaka kA vistAra, kathA prasaMgoM kA vaividhya usakI rocakatA aura cintanagata udAttatA ko bar3hA dete haiN| bAta meM bAta kI nUtana udbhAvanA, tattva cintana ke girimeru, jijJAsA aura zodha ke pariNAmoM kI cAkacikya, nirjIva pUjana sAmagrI meM cetanA kA avataraNa aura vArtAlApa kI prakriyA-kathAnaka meM nATakIyatA kA sanniveza Adi kA ajAyabaghara hai yaha khnndd| racanAkAra kA santa hRdaya aura mastiSka bahuta kucha kaha jAne aura samajhA dene ke prayAsa meM pUrvApara tAlamela banAe rakhane meM gar3abar3A jAtA hai| samIkSaka ke lie yaha sthiti durlaghya nahIM to asuvidhAkara to hai hI aura pAThaka ke lie kadAcit abuujh| 'mUkamATI' meM adhyAtma, darzana, santa AcaraNa Adi hI vyAkhyAyita nahIM hue haiM apitu adhunA jIvana kI AtaMkavAda jaisI samasyA ko bhI uThAyA gayA hai, jisakA nidAna hRdaya parivartana jaisI pAramparika vidhi se sujhAyA gayA hai| hA~, itanA avazya hai ki abhidhA zailI meM nidAna nahIM haiM, ve haiM lAkSaNikatA aura vyaMgyArtha ke phalaka para! vidyAsAgarajI kI isa kRti meM jJAna mArga, yoga mArga prabhRti kI zabdAvalI kA to pade-pade prayoga hai- aSTAdaza doSa, nAsAgra dRSTi, kAyotsarga, saptabhaya Adi / kintu icchAnusAra zabda racanA kA Agraha bhI unameM dikhAI detA hai'mUkamATI' ke pRSTha 328 para prayukta 'vaikArika' zabda (vikAragrasta) ke lie, pRSTha 329 para surabhi (sugandha) ke bala para durabhi (kadAcit durgandha) zabdoM ke prayoga kahA~ taka svIkaraNIya hoMge, vicArya haiN| vaise 'mUkamATI' sarvathA saMgrahaNIya aura satata cintana-manana ke yogya uttama kAvya kRti hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka jIvanadarzI kAvya DaoN. ra. vA. bivalakara AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA viracita 'mUkamATI' eka prabandha kAvya hai / eka dharmacetA sAdhaka, jaba sarjanazIla sAhityika ke rUpa meM sAhitya kRti kI sarjanA karatA hai to yaha svAbhAvika hI ho jAtA hai ki racanA usake dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma cintana ke prabhAva ko bhI sahaja abhivyakti de jaay| 'mUkamATI' prabandha kAvya meM yahI tathya ujAgara hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya eka jIvanadarzI kAvya hai / jIvana vaha nahIM, jo hama jI rahe haiM varan vaha, jo hameM jInA caahie| mAnava jIvana kI yAtrA isa kAvya meM kavi ne anyAnya pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kI hai| manuSya kI jIvana yAtrA kA Arambha mRNmaya zarIra dhAraNa se hai| usameM vidyamAna cetana jIvantatA kA saMskAra hai aura jIvana kI kRtArthatA kA anubhava karane para jIvana kA anta - miTTI meM milane meM hI hai| kavi ne jIvana yAtrA kI ina avasthAoM kA saMketa isa kAvya meM kiyA hai| kAvya ke anta meM dharatI ke dvArA kumbha ke lie sambodhana karAyA gayA hai : "mA~ sattA ko prasannatA hai, beTA/tumhArI unnati dekha kara mAna-hAriNI praNati dekhakara |/'puut kA lakSaNa pAlane meM" kahA thA na beTA, hamane/usa samaya, jisa samaya tumane merI AjJA kA pAlana kiyA/jo/kumbhakAra kA saMsarga kiyA so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/Adima sarga huaa| jisakA saMsarga kiyA jAtA hai/usake prati samarpaNa bhAva ho, usake caraNoM meM tumane/jo/ahaM kA utsarga kiyA/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/dvitIya sarga huaa| samarpaNa ke bAda samarpita kI/bar3I-bar3I parIkSAyeM hotI haiM aura "suno !/kharI-kharI samIkSAyeM hotI haiM,/tumane agni-parIkSA dI utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha/jo/sahana upasarga kiyA,/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/tRtIya sarga huaa| parIkSA ke bAda/pariNAma nikalatA hI hai/parAzrita-anusvAra, yAnI bindu-mAtra varNa-jIvana ko/tumane UrdhvagAmI UrdhvamukhI/jo svAzrita visarga kiyA/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/antima sarga huaa| nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti/bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" (pR. 482-483) samagra kAvya meM eka vizeSa jIvana dRSTi hamAre sAmane prastuta hai / jIvana kI ghaTanA meM, saMskAra meM saMgati tathA saMgati doSoM kA apanA mahattva hotA hai / ve gIlI miTTI ke samAna saMskAra-kSama mAnava cetanA ko mor3a dete haiM, parivartita kara dete haiM to bigAr3a bhI dete haiN| pAnI kI eka bUMda sAgara jala meM milakara khArI banatI hai to viSadhara ke mu~ha meM viSahalAhala banatI hai tathA sAgarIya zuktikA meM agara svAti nakSatra kA kAla hai to motI banatI hai / eka hI jalIya sattA ke
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________________ trividha rUpa bana jAte haiM : " jaisI saMgati milatI hai/ vaisI mati hotI hai/mati jaisI, agrima gati milatI jAtI'"milatI jAtI / aura yahI huA hai / yugoM-yugoM se bhavoM - bhavoM se !" (pR. 8) isa krama meM koI parivartana na to AyA hai aura na hI Ane kI sambhAvanA hai / jala tattva kA eka svabhAva hotA hai ki vaha phailatA jAtA hai kintu mATI kI saMgati usameM badalAva prastuta kara detI hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 315 'alagAva se lagAva kI ora / ekIkaraNa kA AvirbhAva ... jalatattva kA svabhAva thA - / vaha bahAva isa samaya anubhava kara rahA hai ThaharAva / / ... asthira ko sthiratA milI acira ko ciratA milI/ nava-nUtana parivartana !" (pR. 89) hiMsA-ahiMsA para bhI eka sundara vivecanA kavi ne prastuta kI hai| : " hiMsA kI hiMsA karanA hI / ahiMsA kI pUjA hai. prazaMsA, / aura hiMsaka kI hiMsA yA pUjA / niyama se / ahiMsA kI hatyA hai " nRzaMsA / " (pR. 233) jIvana meM vikAsa - unnati sahaja nahIM hai : " parISaha - upasarga ke binA kabhI / svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI / traikAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266) jIvana meM agni parIkSA dene para bhI duniyA binA parakhe svIkAra nahIM karatI : "yaha saca hai ki / tumane agni- parIkSA dI hai, / parantu agni ne jo parIkSA lI hai tumhArI / vaha kahA~ taka sahI hai, yaha nirNaya / tumhArI parIkSA ke binA sambhava nahIM / / yAnI, tumheM nimitta banAkara/agni kI agni parIkSA le rahA hU~ / " (pR.303-304) jIvana meM parIkSaka kI parIkSA bhI anivArya ho jAtI hai / eka kuzala zilpI, kaNa-kaNa ke rUpa meM bikharI mATI ko nAnA rUpa pradAna karatA hai| yaha usakA zilpa hI hai ATTACT ko sArthaka banAtA hai, arthavAn banA detA hai / yahI usakA karma hai| usane apanI saMskRti ko vikRta nahIM banAyA hai / vaha zilpI se kumbhakAra banA: "yuga ke Adi meM / isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai / kumbhakAra ! 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/ aura / 'bha' yAnI bhAgya - / yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho / kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28)
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________________ 316 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jAti viSayaka cintana bhI isa kAvya meM dRSTigocara hotA hai / sahadharmI aura sajAti meM vaira-vaimanasya kA bhAva sadaiva dekhA jAtA hai : "sahadharmI sajAti meM hI/vaira vaimanaska bhAva/paraspara dekhe jAte haiM ! zvAna, zvAna ko dekha kara hI/nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA gurrAtA hai burI taraha / " (pR. 71) kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki apanI jAti, varga ke loga hI anta meM kAma Ate haiM : "anta samaya meM/apanI hI jAti kAma AtI hai zeSa saba darzaka rahate haiM/dArzanika bana kara !" (pR. 72) Aja loka vyavahAra meM bhI doharApana sarvatra dikhAI detA hai : " 'mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churI'/bagulAI chalatI hai| dayA kA kathana nirA hai/aura/dayA kA vatana nirA hai eka meM jIvana hai/eka meM jIvana kA abhinaya |/ab to." astroM, zastroM, vastroM/aura kRpANoM para bhI/'dayA-dharma kA mUla hai' likhA milatA hai |/kintu,/kRpaann kRpAlu nahIM haiM/ve svayaM kahate haiM hama haiM kRpANa/hama meM kRpA na !" (pR. 72-73) guNoM kA sammAna aura doSoM ke sAtha dveSa karanA eka loka vyavahAra hai / kavi isase sahamata nahIM hai / isI se unakA kathana hai: "guNoM ke sAtha/atyanta Avazyaka hai/doSoM kA bodha honA bhI,/kintu doSoM se dveSa rakhanA/doSoM kA vikasana hai/aura/guNoM kA vinazana hai; kA~ToM se dveSa rakha kara/phUla kI gandha-makaranda se/vaMcita rahanA ajJatA hI mAnI hai,/aura/kA~ToM se apanA bacAva kara surabhi-saurabha kA sevana karanA/vijJatA kI nizAnI hai/so. viraloM meM hI milatI hai !" (pR. 74) yugIna pariveza ke viSaya meM bhI kavi ne apane vicAra 'mUkamATI' meM vyakta kie haiM, jo draSTavya haiM : 0 "kyA isa samaya mAnavatA/pUrNata: marI hai ?/kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA A ubharI hai..?/laga rahA hai ki/mAnavatA se dAnavattA/kahIM calI gaI hai ? aura phira/dAnavatA meM dAnavattA/palI hI kaba thI vaha ?" (pR. 81-82) 0 " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isa vyaktitva kA darzana-/svAda - mahasUsa ___ ina A~khoM ko/sulabha nahIM rahA aba !/yadi vaha sulabha bhI hai to bhArata meM nahIM,/mahA-bhArata meM dekho !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 317 bhArata meM darzana svAratha kA hotA hai / " (pR. 82) samakAlika jIvana para eka saTIka vyaMgya yahA~ prastuta hai : " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai / 'vasu'yAnI dhana-dravya 'dhA' yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) satyuga evaM kaliyuga kI vyAkhyA karate hue kavi ne apane cintana kI tathA abhivyakti kI napI-tulI kuzalatA bhI pradarzita kI hai : "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA!/ aura asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnane vAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA!" (pR. 83) isI dRSTi ko adhika spaSTa karate hue kavi kA pratipAdana hai : "eka kI dRSTi/vyaSTi kI ora/bhAga rahI hai,/eka kI dRSTi/samaSTi kI ora jAga rahI hai,/eka kI sRSTi/calA-capalA hai/eka kI sRSTi/kalA-acalA hai| eka kA jIvana/mRtaka-sA lagatA hai/kAntimukta zava hai,/eka kA jIvana amRta-sA lagatA hai/kAnti yukta ziva hai |/shv meM Aga lagAnA hogA, aura/ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogaa|" (pR. 84) 'mUkamATI' ke Arambha meM prakRti kA manorama varNana kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai, jo pratipAdya ke pArzvabhUmi ke yathAyogya hI hai / draSTavya hai : "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala le kara/karavaTeM le rahA hai| prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai sara para pallA nahIM hai/aura/siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI raMgIna rAga kI AbhA-/bhAI hai, bhAI..!" (pR. 1) nizA kA avasAna, uSA kI zAna, sUraja kI nIMda kA TUTanA, usakA karavaTeM lenA, prAcI ke adharoM kI muskAna, mugdhA nAyikA kA manorama rUpa-prabhAtakAlIna prakRti kA mUrtIkaraNa atIva sundara bana par3A hai| kAvya meM kavi ne saMvAda zailI, vArtAlApa zailI kA hI mukhyata: prayoga kiyA jisase mukta chanda meM hote hue bhI eka pravAhAtmakatA vidyamAna hai / zleSa, upamA, rUpaka tathA pratIkoM ke saphala prayoga ko kAvya meM sarvatra dekhA jA sakatA hai| zabdoM kA viloma prayoga aura usase nirmita bhinna, viparIta artha chaTAe~ kavi kI racanA zailI kI viziSTatA hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai :
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________________ 318 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho ! / yAnI / gada kA artha hai roga hA kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ *""basa,/aura kucha vAMchA nahIM / gada- hA gadahA!" (pR. 40 ) gadahA kI arthagata tucchatA gada- hA yAnI rogahAraka, roga nivAraka ke rUpa meM unnata ho gaI hai / "yahI merI kAmanA hai / ki / AgAmI chorahIna kAla meM basa isa ghaTa meM / kAma nA rahe !" (pR. 77) kAmanA aura kAma nA kA yaha eka sArthaka prayoga hai / viloma rUpa prayoga : (1) lAbha - bhalA (pR. 87) (2) nAlI-lInA (pR. 178) (3) nadI - dIna (pR. 178) (4) rAhI - hIrA (pR.57) (5) rAkha - kharA (pR.57) / 'mUkamATI' ke kAvya rUpa ke sambandha meM bhI yahA~ kucha kahanA caahie| isameM do mata nahIM ho sakate haiM ki yaha eka prabandha kAvya hai / mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya Adi prabandha kAvya ke bhedoM kA vicAra karate hue yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki yaha mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhane yogya hai / Apatti uThAI jA sakatI hai ki mahAkAvya ke jo lakSaNa AcAryoM ne pratipAdita kie haiM usameM se katipaya lakSaNa isa kAvya meM upalabdha nahIM ho rahe haiM, jaise- sarga saMkhyA, chanda yojanA Adi / kucha lakSaNa nahIM milate to isake lie kisI racanA ko viziSTa kAvya rUpa se bahiSkRta karanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / pratibhA kI svatantratA aura svAyattatA kA vaha apamAna hai / kAvya samIkSaNa ke mApadaNDa bhI parivartanIya haiN| parivartana sRSTi kA niyama hai, ata: kAvya samIkSaNa ke mApadaNDa usake lie apavAda nahIM ho sakate / sarjanazIla racanA ke stara nirdhAraNa meM mApadaNDa sahAyaka hai| sahAyaka pramukha pada ke dAvedAra kaise ho sakeMge / 'mahAkAvya' kI dhAraNA meM mujhe lagatA hai mukhyataH 'mahat' tattva kA vicAra kiyA jAnA caahie| vahI usakI AtmA hai / zeSa tattva apanI jagaha ThIka ho sakate haiM kintu ve AMzika haiM / yaha mahat tattva kisI eka AyAma meM ho to mahAkAvya kI mAnyatA usa kAvya ko prApta honI caahie| vastu, pAtra, pratipAdya, zailI to AyAma haiM kisI prabandha kAvya ke / aura kyA hama kavi pratibhA se bhI yaha kAMkSA rakha sakate haiM ki vaha niyama ke dAyaroM meM apanA prasphuTana kare / 'mUkamATI' kI mahAnatA usake pratipAdya ke sAtha, cintana ke sAtha, jIvana darzana ke sAtha jur3I hai aura ni:zaMka rUpa se yaha eka saphala mahAkAvya hai / pR. 7. sattA zAkhata hotI hai.... vaTa ke rUpa meM avatAra letA hai, yahI isakI mahattA hai!
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________________ hindI kA gaurava grantha : 'mUkamATI' prAdhyA. DaoN. (zrImatI) muktA siMghala AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kaI varSoM se sAhitya-sAdhanA meM rata haiM aura unhoMne aneka kRtiyoM kI racanA kI hai| unake kRtitva para zodha kArya bhI huA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA prakAzana san 1988 meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI se huA hai / 488 pRSThoM ke isa bRhadAkAra kAvya grantha ko mahAkAvya kahanA samIcIna hogaa| yadi hama sAhitya zAstra ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya ko kasauTI para kasanA cAheM to mahAkAvya ke sabhI tattvoM kI dRSTi se kharA utregaa| cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta 'mUkamATI'kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta hai| _ 'mUkamATI' kA prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' zIrSaka se sajjita hai / isa khaNDa meM ghaTa ko maMgala-ghaTa banAne kI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se jIvana ghaTa ko parama punIta sAttvika jIvana banAne kI ora iMgita kiyA hai| maMgala ghaTa banAne kI prakriyA meM mATI kI prArambhika dazA kA citraNa hai, jisameM kaMkara-kaNoM se yukta dazA hai / ina bemela tattvoM kI yuktatA ke kAraNa isakA svarUpa varNa-saMkara hai| jIvana vikAroM ke prabhAva se dUSita rahatA hai tathA sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se vikAroM ko naSTakara usI taraha zuddha hotA hai jaise mATI kaMkaroM se rahita hokara zuddha hotI aura kalyANakArI ghaTa banatA hai| isameM adhyAtma ke dharAtala para zarIra ke gaThana aura jIvana ko sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se loka-maMgala lakSya meM tallIna evaM pUrNa karane kI prakriyA ko vyakta kiyA hai| jisa taraha jaba taka mATI meM se kaMkaroM ko alaga kara mATI zuddha nahIM kara letA taba taka kumbhakAra maMgala ghaTa taiyAra nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra bar3I hI sahajatA se yahA~ jIvana kA dRSTikoNa nirUpita huA hai| jaba taka hama durbalatAoM aura dUSita bhAvanAoM ko naSTa nahIM kara lete taba taka apane jIvana rUpI ghaTa kA maMgalarUpa nirmANa nahIM kara sakate / kumbhakAra dvArA kUpa se pAnI nikAlate samaya mana meM uThane vAlI bhAvanAoM kI ora bar3I hI kuzalatA aura sajIvatA se dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| hiMsA se bacane ke lie pUrNa satarkatA kA citraNa karate hue mATI kI pAvanatA vyakta kI hai| bAlaTI meM pAnI ke sAtha machalI A jAtI hai| hiMsA se bacane ke lie pUrNa satarkatA dikhAte hue machalI aura mATI kA vArtAlApa ullekhanIya hai / kavi kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai : "yahA~ para isa yuga se/yaha lekhanI pUchatI hai/ki/kyA isa samaya mAnavatA pUrNataH marI hai ?/kyA yahA~ para dAnavatA/A ubharI hai? laga rahA hai ki/mAnavatA se dAnavattA/kahIM calI gaI hai ? aura phira/dAnavatA meM dAnavattA/palI hI kaba thI vaha ?" (pR. 81-82) Aja AtmA kA hanana, mAnavatA kA patana aura mAnavIya mUlyoM meM jo avamUlyana lakSita ho rahA hai, use bar3e hI sarala aura spaSTa rUpa se kavi ne kaha diyA hai / ___ 'mUkamATI' meM dUsarA khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' zIrSaka se baddha hai / yaha nirvivAda rUpa se pratIkAtmaka hI hai| kavi ne spaSTa karanA cAhA hai ki uccAraNa mAtra 'zabda' hai aura zabda kA sampUrNa artha samajhanA bodha' hai| isa bodha ko pUrNa rUpa se grahaNa karanA 'zodha' hai| akSara-jJAna aura artha-jJAna jIvana ke sahI artha ko ujAgara nahIM karate / inake AdhAra para prApta jJAna ko jIvana kI gaharAI se jor3akara jaba hama jIvana meM kalyANamArgI vicAroM aura AcaraNa ko sAttvikatA aura udAttatA kI paridhi meM utArate haiM, sAdhAraNa aura asAdhAraNa ke antara ko samajhakara adhyAtma ke mArga para mAnavatA kI pradhAnatA sthApita karate haiM, taba bodha kA zodha pUrNa hotA hai / kumbhakAra kI kudAlI
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________________ 320 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA miTTI khodate samaya eka kA~Te ke mAthe para laga jAtI hai aura usakA sira phaTa jAne ke kAraNa vaha pratizodha lenA cAhatA hai| taba kumbhakAra ko apanI asAvadhAnI para atyadhika glAni hotI hai tathA usa samaya usake mana meM bhAvadhArA umar3a par3atI hai| udAharaNArtha : "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI/lahalahAte nhiiN| ...bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM/vaha pakva phala hI to zodha kahalAtA hai ||...phuul se nahIM, phala se tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai / " (pR. 106-107) AcAryajI ne tIsare khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki mana, vacana evaM zarIra kI nirmalatA, lokakalyANa-kAmanA aura zubha kAryoM ke sampAdana se puNya prApta hotA hai kintu krodha, mAna, mAyA, moha evaM lobha se pApa phalita hotA hai| manuSya vikAroM ko tyAga kara, mana para adhikAra rakha kara jaba ni:svArtha bhAva ko prApta karatA hai, sva ko bhUlakara para ke lie jIvana samarpita karatA haiM, taba hI vaha puNya prApta karatA hai| paramArtha ke lie tyAgabhAva se lipta arjana sArthaka hotA hai tathA puNya ke ghaTa ko bharatA hai| mohavaza saMgraha aura lAlasA hI pApa kA AdhAra hai| kavi ne saMketa kiyA hai ki jaba meghamaNDala ne muktA vRSTi kI taba rAjA ne apane sevakoM ko muktArAzi ko boriyoM meM bharane kA Adeza diyaa| kintu gagana meM guru gambhIra-garjanA huI- 'anartha 'anartha 'anrth"| paap''paap|' rAjA usa muktA-rAzi kA adhikArI nahIM bana sakA / kumbhakAra ne vaha muktA-rAzi rAjA ko samarpita kii| yahA~ kumbhakAra rAjA se bhI mahAn hai apanI moha-tyAga aura paramArtha kI bhAvanA ke kaarnn| isa khaNDa meM bhAva-gAmbhIrya ke sAtha-sAtha alaMkRta zabdAvalI ke bhI darzana hote haiM, udAharaNArtha : "sukRta kI suSamA-surabhi ko/tUMghanA nahIM cAhate bhUlakara bhI, viSayoM ke rasika bane haiM/kaSAya-kRSi ke kRSaka bane haiM jala-dhara nAma inakA sArthaka hai / " (pR.229) antima caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' nAmaka hai / isakA phalaka atyanta vistRta hai tathA isameM kathA-prasaMga bhI adhika haiN| tattvacintana kI dRSTi se isa sarga kA mahattva adhika hai| jIvana ke sabhI aMga ko sameTate hue prANiyoM ko amUlya zikSA kI gAgara isa sarga meM hai| kathA ke kAraNa rocakatA, tattva-cintana ke kAraNa gambhIratA, zabda-cayana aura kAvyakauzala se sarasatA kA nirmANa huA hai / kumbhakAra ne ghaTa taiyAra kara use avA meM tapAnA cAhA, taba aparipakva kumbha ne agni se anurodha kiyA ki vaha usake doSoM ko hI jalAe kintu use jIvita rakhe / AcAryajI kI isa sUjha meM kitanA bar3A satya aura sandeza hai ki zaktivAn, prabala kI zakti kI mahAnatA isameM hai ki vaha durbala yA vikArI ke astitva ko nahIM, durbalatA aura vikAroM ko miTA kara eka maMgalakArI astitva ko prastuta kare / vyakti ko nahIM, usake doSoM ko miTA kara dharA para eka sajjana kI saMkhyA bar3hAe / avA meM kaI dinoM taka tapane ke bAda usa kumbha ko bAhara nikAla kara kumbhakAra ne harSapUrvaka zraddhAlu nagara seTha ke sevaka ko kumbha dekara anurodha kiyA ki isameM bhare jala se guru kA pAda-prakSAlana ho / isa khaNDa meM laghu ko bar3e se mahattvapUrNa darzAte hue spaSTa kiyA gayA hai sAdhu aura macchara ke mAdhyama se / AhAradAna kI prakriyA kA vivaraNa dete hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki seTha bandhana mukta nahIM ho sakA aura use eka macchara ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika dAyitva kA bodha huA tathA seTha punaH guru kI zaraNa meM gyaa| guru jJAna hI jIvana-uddhAra karatA hai / guru kI kRpA se jJAta huA ki puruSArtha se hI AtmA kA uddhAra sambhava hai / sAdhanA AsthApUrvaka ho taba
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 321 Atmopalabdhi hogI: "isIlie ina/zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo,/hA~, hA~ !! vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para !" (pR.488) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM kAvya evaM darzana kA sahaja samanvaya dRSTigocara hotA hai / dala-bahulatA ko darzAte hue vartamAna rAjanIti aura svArthabhAva kA dUSita mAnasa saMketita hai / nAyaka-nAyikA mAMsala svarUpI yA parivezavAsI nahIM haiM apitu prakRtivAdI haiN| adhyAtma kI gahanatA se kumbhakAra nAyaka aura mATI nAyikA to hai parantu jIvanarUpI ghaTa ke nirmANa meM sAdhanArata karmayogI sadRzya / mahAkAvya kA nAma sArthaka, AkarSaka aura AdhyAtmikatA kI paratoM meM lipaTA huA hai| ___ mUkamATI ko AdhAra banAkara likhI gaI yaha kAvyakRti hindI ke gaurava granthoM meM nirvivAda rUpa se zIrSastha sthAna prApta karane yogya hai / mUkamATI, jisase manuSya kA astitva nirmita hotA hai, poSita hotA hai aura sa~vara kara usI meM lIna hotA hai, usI mUkamATI kA kumbha aura kumbhakAra ke mAdhyama se jIvana sAttvika, kalyANakArI dizA prApta kara sakatA _ 'mUkamATI' kA mUka sandeza Atmika bala se grahaNa kara, tyAga va paramArtha ke AcaraNa se sArthaka kara, mAnavajIvana ko saphala banAyA jA sakatA hai / mATI ke dIyA ke sadRzya ura meM sneha bhara jalana aura kaSToM ko pIkara anyoM kA mArga prazasta kara gauravazAlI jIvana ko dhanya kiyA jA sakatA hai| / lajjAke yaTa meMDUbatI. sI kumudinIprabhAkara ke kara-khuvana se bacanA cAratI hai vaha VAdh
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' meM abhivyakta samAjavAdI vicAra evaM dalitotthAna ke svara DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI' zramaNa santa paramparA ke jAjvalyamAna nakSatra 108 AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kRta 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya eka mahAkRti hI nahIM, balki dhArmika, dArzanika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika evaM sAMskRtika vicAroM kA aisA hai jise vartamAna meM jiyA jA sakatA hai, bhaviSya meM parakhA jA sakatA hai aura atIta se jor3A jA sakatA hai / santa sahaja hote haiM aura unakA jIvana hotA hai sahajatA kA pratibimba / ve na to kAnoM sunI kahate haiM, na A~khoM dekhI balki jise bhogA hai, anubhava kiyA hai tathA zAstra aura tarka kI kasauTI para kasa kara dekhA hai, use hI kahate haiM, isIlie unake vicAroM meM gaMgA jaisI hI nahIM varan gaMgotrI jaisI pAvanatA bhI hotI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM mATI mUka nahIM hotI balki sampUrNa rUpa se mukharita hotI hai / vaha jana ke mana ko chUtI hai aura tana ko pAvanatA ke carama taka le jAne kI preraka bana jAtI hai / vyaSTimeM samaSTi aura samaSTi meM vyaSTi kI kalpanA ko sArthaka AyAma detI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM samAjavAdI vicAra yatra-tatra prasaMgavaza bikhare hue haiM jinakI surabhi se Apa bhI surabhita ho sakate haiM / 'mUkamATI' meM vyakta samAjavAdI vicAroM para dRSTi DAlane se pUrva hameM usake zabdagata yathArtha ko samajhanA caahie| 'samAjavAda' do zabdoM se milakara banA hai- 'samAja' evaM 'vAda' | 'vAda' se tAtparya hai vicAra yA vicAradhArA arthAt aisI vicAradhArA jisakA lakSya samAja hita ho / 'samAjavAda' ke lie a~grejI bhASA meM 'sozaliz2ma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jisakI utpatti 'soziyasa' zabda se huI hai, jisakA artha 'samAja' hotA hai arthAt isakA lakSya bhI samAja hI hai / 'priMsipalsa oNfa soziyaoNlojI' (pR. 27) meM suprasiddha samAjazAstrI epha. eca. giDiMgsa kA kathana hai : "samAja svayaM eka saMgha hai, saMgaThana hai, aupacArika sambandhoM kA eka aisA yoga hai jisameM sahayoga dene vAle vyakti paraspara sambandhoM dvArA jur3e rahate haiN|" 'DikzanarI oNpha soziyolaoNjI' (pR. 300) meM ullikhita eca. pI. pheara - cAilDa ke anusAra : " samAja manuSyoM kA eka samUha hai jo apane kaI hitoM kI pUrti ke lie paraspara sahayoga karate haiM, anivArya rUpa se svayaM ko banAe rakhane va svayaM kI nirantaratA ke lie / " 322 :: samAjavAdI vicAra ukta samAja ke lie janmA, jise samAja hita meM sarvopari mAnA / san 1827 I. meM prArambha huA yaha zabda Aja eka vicAradhArA bana cukA hai aura ise vyaktivAda, vargavAda ke viruddha prayukta kiyA jAtA hai / lokanAyaka jayaprakAza nArAyaNa (draSTavya : 'Adhunika rAjanItika vicAradhArAe~' : pukharAja jaina, pR. 115) ke anusAra : "samAjavAdI samAja eka aisA vargahIna samAja hogA jisameM saba zramajIvI hoNge| isa samAja meM vaiyaktika sampatti ke hita ke lie manuSya ke zrama kA zoSaNa nahIM hogaa| isa samAja kI sArI sampatti sacce arthoM meM rASTrIya athavA sArvajanika sampatti hogI tathA anarjita Aya aura Aya sambandhI bhISaNa asamAnatAe~ sadaiva ke lie samApta ho jaaeNgii| aise samAja meM mAnava jIvana tathA usakI pragati yojanAbaddha hogI aura saba loga sabake hita ke lie jIe~ge / " AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja 'samAjavAda' ko vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se 'mUkamATI' meM rakhate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM yaha : "amIroM kI nahIM/garIboM kI bAta hai; koThI kI nahIM / kuTiyA kI bAta hai / " (pR. 32) amIrI-garIbI kI khAI ko caur3A karanA samAjavAda nahIM balki samAjavAda to isa khAI ko pATane meM hai| pIr3A ke anta se hI sukha kA prArambha ho sakatA hai : " pIr3A kI iti hI / sukha kA atha hai / " (pR. 33)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 323 cAra varNoM meM samAja vibhakta hai, yathA-brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra / prArambha meM yaha vyavasthA karmaNA thI / 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' meM kahA gayA hai : "kammuNA bambhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khattio / vaisso kammuNA hoi suddo hoi kammuNA / / " (25-31) arthAt manuSya karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya hotA hai aura karma se hI zUdra hotA hai / kintu Aja varNa vyavasthA janmataH mAna lene se zreSThatA ke mAyane bhI badala gae haiN| dalita-savarNa saMgharSa tathA mUla yahI bhAvanA hai| AcAryazrI 'varNa' ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahate haiM : bhedabhAva ke "varNa kA Azaya / na raMga se hai / na aMga se / varan cAla - caraNa, DhaMga se hai / " (pR. 47 ) karmaNA jIvana paddhati ko svIkArane vAlA vyakti duHkhoM se dUra rahatA hai / AcAryazrI ke anusAra yadi gama (du:kha) se Dara ho to zrama se prema karo : "gama se yadi bhIti ho/ to suno ! / zrama se prIti karo / " (pR. 355) zramazIla vyakti na to kisI para bojha banatA hai aura na hI kisI para anyAya karatA hai| vaha vyaSTi ke sukha meM sukha nahIM balki samaSTi ke sukha meM sukha mAnatA hai| 'vAda' ke pIche mAna hotA hai jo vyakti ko vyakti se alaga kara detA hai / AcAryazrI kA mAnanA hai : "pRthak vAda kA AvirbhAva honA / mAna kA hI phaladAna hai / " (pR. 55) yaha sahI hai / manuSya banane ke lie saMyamI honA Avazyaka hai : "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM / yAnI / AdamI vahI hai jo yathA-yogya / sahI AdamI hai|" (pR. 64) vyakti kI pravRttiyA~ badala gaI haiM, usake lakSya badala gae haiM, usake soca meM parivartana huA hai| sthiti yahA~ taka A gaI hai ki use dUsaroM ke duHkha dekhakara karuNA to dUra, darda bhI nahIM ubharatA / aise logoM ko pASANa hRdaya kI saMjJA dete hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "maiM tumheM / hRdaya - zUnya to nahIM kahU~gA / parantu pASANa- hRdaya avazya hai tumhArA, / dUsaroM kA duHkha-darda dekhakara bhI / nahIM A sakatA kabhI / jise pasInA hai aisA tumhArA / sInA !" (pR. 50 ) bhAratIya saMskRti kA Adarza aura kAmanA sUtra rahA hai : " sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhabhAgbhavet // "
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________________ 324 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yAnI sabhI sukhI hoM, sabhI Alasya (pramAda) se rahita hoM, sabhI kalyANa ko dekheM, kisI ko bhI du:kha nahIM ho| isI kAmanA ke sAtha sadgRhastha deva pUjana ke samApana para vizva-zAnti kI kAmanA karatA huA kahatA hai : "sampUjakoM ko pratipAlakoM ko, yatIna ko yatinAyakoM ko| rAjA prajA rASTra sudeza ko le, kIje sukhI he jina zAnti ko de / hove sArI prajA ko sukha, balayuta ho dharmadhArI nreshaa| hove varSA samaya pai tilabhara na rahe vyAdhiyoM kA aMdezA // hove corI na jArI, susamaya varatai, ho na duSkAla maarii| sAre hI deza dhAreM, jinavara-vRSa ko, jo sadA saukhykaarii|"(shaanti-paatth, 6-7) itanA hI nahIM bhAratIya saMskRti meM vizvazAnti kI kAmanA ke sAtha-sAtha 'vizva-bandhutva' aura 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bhAvanA bhI bhAyI gaI hai / kintu Aja ke isa viSama daura meM dhana AdhArita vyavasthA ke kAraNa ina bhAvanAoM ne yA to apane artha kho die haiM yA apane artha badala lie haiN| 'dhana' jo kabhI sAdhana thA, Aja sAdhya bana gayA hai| isa cintA se prerita 'mUkamATI' kA racanAkAra likhatA hai : " "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" isa vyaktitva kA darzana-/svAda - mahasUsa ina A~khoM ko/sulabha nahIM rahA aba!/yadi vaha sulabha bhI hai to bhArata meM nahIM,/mahA-bhArata meM dekho!/bhArata meM darzana svAratha kA hotA hai hA~-hA~ !/itanA avazya parivartana huA hai/ki/"vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai/vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA Aja/dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR.82) isa soca ke pariNAmasvarUpa hamArI AdhyAtmikatA ko hI nahIM balki samAjavAdI svarUpa ko bhI Thesa pahuMcI hai / dhanalipsA kI daur3a meM vyakti ne apane sukha-caina ko to khoyA hI hai, dUsaroM ke sukha-caina ko bhI naSTa kara diyA hai| svayaM ke saMcaya ke lie vaha dUsaroM ke mu~ha kA nivAlA bhI chInane se nahIM ddrtaa| Aja vyakti ko sAmAjika banAne ke lie dhana ke pIche daur3ane vAle pU~jIvAdI dimAg2a ko pare karanA par3egA, kyoMki saMsAra meM rahakara hameM saMsAra se maitrI kA bhAva hI rakhanA caahie| Akhira hama vaira kareM bhI to kisase ? yahA~ hamArA vairI hai hI kauna? vaira pazu pravRtti hai, mAnavIya nhiiN| mAnava to maitrI bhAvanA se banatA hai| racanAkAra kI kAmanA hai : "sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI !/vaira kisase/kyoM aura kaba karUM? yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai/saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI!" (pR. 105) asAmAjikatA, anyAya, utpIr3ana aura vaira-bhAva kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hamAre netAgaNa haiM, jinheM svArtha ne andhA banA diyA hai| ve pada' para baiThakara pada ke viruddha AcaraNa karate haiN| aba rAjA, prajA kA anuraMjana na kara, prajA kA dohana aura zoSaNa karatA hai / vaha bAteM to bar3I-bar3I karatA hai kintu svayaM vaisA AcaraNa nahIM karatA / 'kathanI aura karanI' kI isa bhinnatA ne netRtva ke prati AsthA ko hI kamaz2ora nahIM kiyA balki kahIM-kahIM to netA ko nAyaka se khalanAyaka kI sthiti meM pahu~cA diyA hai / Aja sacce netA kama aura tathAkathita netA anaginata haiM / svayaM kA AcaraNa pavitra nahIM hone tathA pavitra dikhane ke kAraNa 'samAja' ke bIca vizvAsa kama huA hai| isIlie AcAryazrI kAmanA karate
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________________ haiM : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 325 "Aja patha dikhAne vAloM ko / patha dikha nahIM rahA hai, mA~ ! kAraNa vidita hI hai - / jise patha dikhAyA jA rahA hai vaha svayaM patha para calanA cAhatA nahIM, /auroM ko calAnA cAhatA hai aura/ina cAlAka, cAlakoM kI saMkhyA anagina hai / " (pR. 152) 'samAjavAda' ke lie Avazyaka hai ki samAja meM samatA hI nahIM balki samarasatA bhI ho, kintu dekhane meM AtA hai samAja meM 'zvAna sabhyatA' ne apanA ghara banA liyA hai| Aja vyakti kutte kI taraha apanI hI jAti para gurrAtA hai| siMha vRtti samApta ho gaI hai jabaki rAjA kI vRtti pahale siMha vRtti mAnI jAtI thI aura Aja bhI usakI AvazyakatA hai / koI bhI vicAradhArA janabhAvanAoM para avalambita hotI hai| jana bhAvanA ko do rUpoM meM dekhA jAtA hai| eka sajjanatA ke rUpa meM aura dUsarI durjanatA ke rUpa meN| yaha sajjanatA aura durjanatA kyA hai, isa viSaya meM AcAryazrI kA hai : 'eka-dUsare ke sukha - du:kha meM / paraspara bhAga lenA / sajjanatA kI pahacAna hai, aura/auroM ke sukha ko dekha, jalanA / auroM ke duHkha ko dekha, khilanA durjanatA kA sahI lakSaNa hai / " (pR. 168) isI bhAva kI abhivyakti 'kAmAyanI' meM zrI jayazaMkara prasAdajI karate haiM : "auroM ko ha~sate dekho manu / ha~so aura sukha pAo; apane sukha ko vistRta kara lo / saba ko sukhI banAo / " 'samAjavAda' zoSaNa ke viruddha vicAradhArA kA nAma hai| jaba kisI vicAradhArA meM dRSTibheda samAhita hotA hai to vaicArika saMgharSa bhI janmate haiN| samAjavAda kI sahI pratiSThA na hone kA kAraNa hai - vargabheda, varNabheda tathA jAti bheda / eka tarapha kisI kA adhika poSaNa kiyA jA rahA hotA hai to dUsarI ora atyanta zoSaNa hotA hai, jisakI pariNati AtaMkavAda meM hotI hai : "yaha bAta nizcita hai ki / mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai / / ati-poSaNa yA ati-zoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai / " (pR. 418 ) 'AtaMka' jaba kisI 'vAda' se abhivyakta hone lage to samajhanA cAhie ki samAja meM kucha loga isake samarthaka bhI haiM, bhale hI hama inheM 'bhramita jana' kI saMjJA deM / 'vAda' vahI zreSTha hai jisameM hiMsA, asatya aura corI Adi ke lie koI avakAza nahIM ho / yahI kAraNa hai ki naksalavAdI bhI apane Apako amIra-garIba kA bheda miTAne vAlA kahate haiM, kintu unake hiMsaka aura caurya rUpa ke kAraNa samAja unheM mAnyatA nahIM detA / samAjavAda ko phalane-phUlane ke avasara lokatantra meM adhika hote haiM kintu Aja lokatantra bhI nAma ke raha gae haiM / jisa tantra ko 'jana' kA sevaka honA cAhie thA vaha 'jana' se apane paira pujavA rahA hai| 'janatantra' ke paryAya rUpa meM Aja 'dhanatantra', 'manamAnA tantra' yA 'bhIr3a tantra' jaise nAma pracalita ho gae haiN| loka pIche chUTa gayA hai aura tantra loka
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________________ 326 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko hA~ka rahA hai| phira bhI hama haiM ki jAga nahIM rahe haiN| yahA~ taka ki gaNatantra ke svarUpa ko lekara bhI prazna ubharane lage "kabhI-kabhI hama banAI jAtI/kar3I se aura kar3I char3I aparAdhiyoM kI piTAI ke lie|/praay: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte niraparAdha hI piTa jAte/aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hm| ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) jahA~ aparAdhI kI jagaha niraparAdhI sajA pAne lageM, rakSaka hI bhakSaka bana jAe~, rAjA apane dharma se vimukha ho jAe~, mantrI cATukAra aura padalipsu ho jAe~, sevaka avajJAkArI hoM, vahA~ samAjavAda to kyA sAmAjika svarUpa kI kalpanA hI bekAra ho jAtI hai| kisI bhI tantra kI saphalatA usake prati jana-AsthA se pramANita hotI hai kintu yadi usI 'jana' kA vizvAsa nyAya para nahIM rahe to 'tantra' kI saphalatA khatare meM hI mAnanA caahie| Aja ke daura meM nyAya kI prApti cA~da-tAre tor3ane jaisA pratIta hone lagA hai, kyoMki nyAya lambita hI nahIM balki vilambita bhI ho gayA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa nyAya aura anyAya ke bIca kI vibhAjaka rekhA samApta-sI ho gaI hai / 'mUkamATI' meM isI bhAva kI abhivyakti prasaMgavaza huI hai : " 'AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai|'/aur yahI huA isa yuga meM isake saath|" (pR. 272) samAjavAda kA eka lakSya hai sAmAjika asamAnatA ko samApta kara vibhedaka rekhAoM ko samApta krnaa| tathAkathita pada-dalitoM ke utthAna hetu anekAneka sahayogI yojanAe~ cala rahI haiM, kintu apekSita pariNAma sAmane nahIM A rahA hai| kAraNa spaSTa hai ki zarIra, artha aura zikSA kI unnati se hI koI vyakti unnata nahIM bana sakatA, jaba taka ki usake saMskAra sAttvika nahIM hoN| samAjavAda kI prabala virodhI vicAradhArA 'pU~jIvAda' hai / jaba pU~jI kucha-eka logoM taka sImita ho jAtI hai to aneka logoM ko roTI-kapar3A-makAna jaisI mUlabhUta AvazyakatAoM se vaMcita rahanA par3atA hai / eka bAra gA~dhIjI se eka mAravAr3I seTha ne pUchA : "Apa sabase TopI lagAne ke lie kahate haiM, yahA~ taka ki TopI ke sAtha ApakA nAma jur3a gayA hai aura loka use 'gA~dhI TopI' kahane lage haiM, phira Apa svayaM TopI na lagAkara naMge sira kyoM rahate haiM ?" gA~dhIjI ne mAravAr3I seTha ke prazna ko sunakara unase uttara ke sthAna para prazna kiyA : "Apane jo yaha pagar3I pahana rakhI hai isase kitanI TopI bana sakatI haiM ?" mAravAr3I seTha ne uttara diyA : biis'| gA~dhIjI ne kahA : "jaba Apa jaisA eka vyakti bIsa logoM kI TopI apane sira para rakha letA hai to unnIsa logoM ko naMge sira rahanA par3atA hai / unhIM unnIsa logoM meM se maiM eka huuN|" gA~dhIjI kA uttara sunakara mAravAr3I seTha niruttara ho gyaa| basa pU~jIvAda meM yahI burAI hai / vaha dUsaroM ke adhikAra ko hastagata kara letA hai / jaina dharma meM isIlie 'aparigraha' kI avadhAraNA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai tAki pU~jIpati apanI sampadA kA svayameva tyAga kara skeN| yahA~ gRhastha ke lie dAna karanA nityakarma mAnA gayA hai| pU~jIvAda
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 327 ko azAnti kA antahIna silasilA batAte hue AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kahate haiM : "he svarNa-kalaza !.../paratantra jIvana kI AdhArazilA ho tuma, pU~jIvAda ke abhedya/durgama kilA ho tuma/aura azAnti ke antahIna silasilA!" (pR. 365-366) samAjavAda kI pratiSThApanA hetu sAmAjika janoM ko saMgharSa karanA hogaa| lekina yaha dhyAna rahe ki yaha saMgharSa 'saMhAra' meM nahIM badala jAe / parAjaya kA tAtparya mAtra hAra mAnakara baiTha jAnA nahIM hai balki jItane ke lie puna: prayatna karanA hai / nirantara jIvanotkarSa se hI 'ucca' lakSyoM kI prApti sambhava hogI / kavi ke ye zabda preraNA ke dyotaka haiM : __ "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jAo!" (pR. 432) __jaba vyakti samaSTi meM apanI pahacAna khojatA hai taba samAjavAda kA janma hotA hai aura jaba apane meM samaSTi kI pahacAna khojatA hai to vyaktivAda hotA hai / vyaktivAda kA lakSya vaiyaktika bhoga-sAdhanoM kI prApti karanA hai| usakA vizvAsa svayaM ke utthAna para AdhArita hai / vaha socatA hai : "svAgata merA ho/manamohaka vilAsitAyeM/mujhe mileM acchI vastue~aisI tAmasatA bharI dhAraNA hai tumhArI, phira bhalA batA do hameM,/AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ? sabase Age maiM/samAja bAda meM !" (pR. 460-461) nitAnta vaiyaktika dhAraNA tAmasatA hai, jisake rahate 'samAjavAda' ke prati AsthA sambhava hI nahIM hai / samAjavAda sAmAjika vicAradhArA se AegA / jahA~ yaha soca hogA ki maiM sabase Age aura bAda meM samAja, vahA~ samAjavAda kaise sambhava hogA ? 'samAjavAda' meM nihita dhAraNA ko spaSTa karate hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "are kama-se-kama/zabdArtha kI ora to dekho!/samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha aura/samUha yAnI/sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai/jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai| kula milA kara artha yaha huA ki/pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA/jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se/samAjavAdI nahIM bnoge|" (pR. 461) jaisA ki samAjavAda zabda se hI artha dhvanita hotA hai ki samAja yAnI samUha, jisake vicAra samyak haiM aura jo sadAcAra kI nIMva para AdhArita hai| pracAra-prasAra se dUra, zreSTha AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA jIvana hI samAjavAda hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki samAjavAdI banane ke lie apane AcAra-vicAra ko zreSTha banAnA hogA, mAtra samAjavAda-samAjavAda cillAne se koI samAjavAdI nahIM bnegaa| Aja dekhane meM yahI A rahA hai ki jo apane lie samAjavAdI kahate haiM, ve samAjavAda ke nihitArtha kA sparza bhI nahIM karate / isa sthiti para samakAlIna vicAradhArA ke kavi 'dhUmila' ('saMsada se sar3aka taka, pR. 126-127) kA
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________________ 328 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mantavya hai : "bhUkha aura bhUkha kI Ar3a meM/cabAyI gayI cIjoM kA aksa unake dA~toM para DhU~r3hanA/bekAra hai/samAjavAda unakI jubAna para apanI surakSA kA/eka Adhunika muhAvarA hai |/mgr maiM jAnatA hU~ ki mere deza kA samAjavAda/mAlagodAma meM laTakatI huI una bAlTiyoM kI taraha hai jisa para 'Aga' likhA hai| aura unameM bAlU aura pAnI bharA hai|" tAtparya spaSTa hai ki Aja samAjavAda kA nArA pU~jIpatiyoM, bhraSTa rAjanetAoM ne apane surakSA kavaca ke rUpa meM apanA liyA hai| ve garIboM kI bhUkha kA saudA karate haiM aura vaha bhI usa zAtira badamAza kI taraha jo duSkRtya to karatA hai kintu koI sabUta nahIM chodd'taa| hamAre deza meM samAjavAda usI taraha khokhalA ho gayA hai jisa taraha mAlagodAma meM laTakI huI bAlTiyA~, jinake Upara Aga likhA hotA hai kintu andara bAlU aura pAnI bharA hotA hai / kathana se hI spaSTa hai ki jo bAhara pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai vaha andara nahIM hotA aura samAjavAda spaSTata: bAhya aura antara kI ekAtma vyavasthA hai / yadi bheda hai to samAjavAda ho hI nahIM sktaa| yadi samAjavAda ke lakSyoM ko yathArtha meM pAnA hai to AcAryazrI ke ina vacanoM kA samAdara karanA hogA: "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo !/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa karo/anyathA, dhanahInoM meM/corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN|/corii mata karo, corI mata karo yaha kahanA kevala/dharma kA nATaka hai/uparila sabhyatA"upacAra ! cora itane pApI nahIM hote/jitane ki/coroM ko paidA karane vAle / tuma svayaM cora ho/coroM ko pAlate ho/aura coroM ke janaka bhii|" (pR. 467-468) arthAt aba dhana-saMgraha ke sthAna para jana-saMgraha karo jisase ki janahita ho sake, aise kArya karo / lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara jo tumane a~dhAdhundha sampadA ekatra kI hai, usakA samucita vitaraNa kro| aisA nahIM hone para dhanahInoM (garIboM) meM corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN| corI mata karo - corI mata karo, yaha kahanA kevala dharma kA nATaka, bAhya sabhyatA mAtra banakara raha gayA hai, kyoMki hamArA AcaraNa cora banane ke lie vyaktiyoM ko preraNA detA hai / vAstava meM cora itane pApI nahIM hote jitane ki coroM ko paidA karane vAle / jo saMcayI haiM ve svayaM cora haiN| coroM ko ve hI pAlate haiM aura coroM ko utpanna bhI ve hI karate haiN| isalie Avazyaka hai ki hama apane soca-vicAra ko bdleN| kisI zAyara ne ThIka hI likhA "koThiyoM se mata A~kie mulka kI maiyAra asalI hindustAna to phuTapAtha para AbAda hai // " 'samAjavAda' meM krAnti ko koI sthAna nahIM hai / yaha to pUrI taraha svaicchika zAnti kI vyavasthA hai jo "mahAjano yena gata: sa panthAH" kI nIti para calatI hai / isIlie saccA samAjavAdI bhAvanA karatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 329 "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR. 178) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne samAjavAda ke una rUpoM, pakSoM kA udghATana kiyA hai jinake stambha aura bhittiyoM para samAjavAda kA mahala khar3A ho sakatA hai| sacce sAmAjika aura samAjavAdI banane ke lakSya ko sAmane rakhate hue hameM viveka-buddhi ko jAgrata karanA cAhie tathA bhedabhAva samApta karanA cAhie, yahI kavi kI dhAraNA 'mUkamATI' meM mUka nahIM balki mukharita hotI hai : "bheda-bhAva kA anta ho/veda-bhAva jayavanta ho|" (pR. 474) 'mUkamATI' meM dalitotthAna ke svara nAma, dAma aura cAma ke pralobhana se pare adhyAtma ke parama rasika zramaNottama AcArya vidyAsAgarajI nAma se 'yathA nAma tathA guNa' haiM, kAma se 'satya kAma' haiM, kAyA se jinavara-sama aura vANI se satyavAdI haiN| unake vacana 'pravacana' aura sAdhanA anukaraNIya hai| unake dvArA racita/kathita sAhitya 'sAhitya' ke hitakArI bhAvoM se samanvita hai| ve jo kahate haiM vaha unakA anubhava hai, unakI bhAvanA hai, isIlie ve prANImAtra ke zubhacintana evaM uddhAra ke preraka haiN| mahAkavi zrI ravIndranAtha Taigora ne 'sAhitya' ( 'baMgalA', pR. 8) meM sAhitya ke sambandha meM kahA thA : "sahita zabda se sAhitya kI utpatti huI hai| ataeva dhAtugata artha karane para sAhitya zabda meM milana kA eka bhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / vaha kevala bhAva kA bhAva ke sAtha, bhASA kA bhASA ke sAtha, grantha kA grantha ke sAtha milana hai, yahI nahIM varan yaha batalAtA hai ki manuSya ke sAtha manuSya kA atIta ke sAtha nikaTa kA milana kaise hotA hai|" AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI to prANImAtra ke hitaiSI haiM, ata: unakI kRtiyoM meM bhI prANI-hita sarvatra parilakSita hotA hai / DaoN. jI. zAntAkumArI, arnAkulam (koccI) kerala ke vicAra 'parachAiyA~ mauna sAdhaka kI' meM draSTavya haiM : "pratibhAvAn tapasvI kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne AdhyAtmika jIvana kI ajana-dhArA kA nirbAdha pravAha kara aisA sAhitya prastuta kiyA hai, jo bhAratIya/hindI sAhitya kI akSayanidhi bana gayA hai| unhoMne prAcInatA-arvAcInatA, AdhyAtmikatA-AdhibhautikatA, paramparAgata dArzanika cintana kI gaharAI ke sAtha hI kArla mArksa ke pratyayazAstra kI gambhIratA kA aisA vaicArika sAmaMjasya upasthApita kiyA hai, jisake kAraNa santa ho kara bhI ve isa sadI ke nae mAnava ke pratinidhi bana gae haiN|" AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahAkavi haiN| kavi mAtra sarjaka hI nahIM hotA apitu yathArtha ke dharAtala para khar3e ho kara bhaviSya kI kalpanA ke citra apanI kRti meM ukeratA hai / rAjanAtha zarmA dvArA sampAdita 'sAhityika nibandha' (pR. 371) meM avalokanIya hai bAbU gulAbarAya kI dRSTi : "...kavi yA lekhaka apane samaya kA pratinidhi hotA hai| usako jaisI khAda mila jAtI hai, vaisI hI usakI kRti hotI hai| vaha apane samaya ke vAyu maNDala meM ghUmate hue vicAroM ko mukharita kara detA hai / kavi vaha bAta kahatA hai, jisakA saba loga anubhava karate haiM, kintu jisako saba loga kaha nahIM sakate / sahRdayatA ke kAraNa usakI anubhava zakti joroM se bar3hI-car3hI rahatI hai|" "sampUrNa prANiyoM meM manuSya hI eka mAtra prANI aisA hai jo apane karmoM ko hI nahIM, apane Apa ko bhI apane cintana kI vastu banA sakatA hai / manuSya kI yaha kSamatA use pazuoM se bhinna banAtI hai" - 'utpIr3itoM kA zikSA zAstra' (anuvAda-rameza upAdhyAya) meM pAolo phrere kA yaha kathana parama satya hai| phira jo manuSyoM meM uttama zramaNa haiM unake mana meM to prANI mAtra ke utthAna kI bhAvanA hotI hI hai|
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________________ 330 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA sampUrNa sAhitya mAnavIya utthAna kI parama gAthA hai / ve isa yuga ko do rUpoM meM, do manuSyoM ko AdhAra mAna kara zava aura ziva rUpa kI kalpanA karate haiN| apanI suprasiddha kRti 'mUkamATI' meM ve likhate "isa yuga ke/do mAnava/apane Apa ko/khonA cAhate haiMeka/bhoga-rAga ko/madya-pAna ko/cunatA hai;/aura eka yoga-tyAga ko/Atma-dhyAna ko/dhunatA hai|/kuch hI kSaNoM meM donoM hote/vikalpoM se mukta |/phir kyA kahanA !/eka zava ke samAna nirA par3A hai, aura eka/ziva ke samAna/kharA utarA hai|" (pR. 286) isase spaSTa hai ki madyapAnAdi vyasana-bhogoM meM rata zava-pariNAmI manuSya AcAryazrI ko iSTa nahIM haiM, unheM to yogI, tyAgI aura AtmadhyAnI ziva-pariNAmI hI iSTa haiN| aura yahI vaha stara hai jinase unake mana evaM unakI kRtiyoM meM chipe dalitotthAna ke svara spaSTa sunAI dete haiN| hama yahA~ AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI 'meM Agata dalitotthAna ke svaroM kI anugUMja suneM, isake pUrva hameM 'dalita' zabda ke artha /bhAva ko jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| 'dalita' zabda kI vyutpatti 'pAia saddamahaNNao' (prAkRta zabda koza-saM. paM. haragovindadAsa TI. seTha) ke anusAra saMskRta zabda 'dala' se huI hai, jisakA artha hai- vikasanA, phaTanA, khaNDita honA, dvidhA honA, cUrNa karanA, Tukar3e karanA, vidAranA, sainya, lazkara, patra, pantI Adi / saMskRta meM hI 'dalita' zabda kA prayoga 'vinaSTa' karane yA 'vinAza kiyA huA' ke artha meM milatA hai, yathA-"dalitaM hRdayaM gADhodvegaM dvidhA tu na vidyate''- arthAt vedanAoM ke kAraNa hRdaya ke Tukar3e hote haiM, nAza nhiiN| 'vRhad hindI koza' ke anusAra 'dalita' kA artha rauMdA, kucalA, dabAyA huA padAkrAnta hai| 'hindI sAhitya meM dalita cetanA' (pR. 18) meM DaoN. Ananda vAskara ne ullekha kiyA hai ki yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki jo apane pada se cyuta hai, vaha dalita hai| yadyapi saMskRta evaM anya bhAratIya bhASAoM meM yaha zabda isI rUpa meM pracalita hotA rahA kintu san 1933 ke daramyAna usa samaya kI sarakAra ne jo 'jAtIya nirNaya' le liyA usameM 'DipresDa klAsesa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai jisakA artha hai 'pada dalita' / vAstava meM pada dalita' zabda 'dalita' zabda ke lie hI paryAyavAcI zabda ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| isI samaya bhArata meM samAjavAdI vicAradhArA kA prAdurbhAva huA aura isa vicAradhArA ke antargata Arthika aura sAmAjika dRSTi se jo varga dabA huA, kucalA huA evaM zoSita hai, aise varga ko mahattva prApta huA aura usa varga ko hI 'dalita varga' ke rUpa meM dekhA gayA / kAlAntara meM yaha zabda zUdroM, aspRzya, antyaja evaM mahAra jAti vizeSa ke lie bhI prayoga meM Ane lagA tathA isa samudAya ke utthAna kI bAta karane vAloM ko 'dalita netA, isa varga se sambandhita sAhitya sarjakoM ko 'dalita kavi' yA 'dalita lekhaka' tathA sambandhita sAhitya ko 'dalita sAhitya' kahA jAne lgaa| vartamAna bhAratIya rAjanIti meM aba 'dalita' zabda sthAyI bhAva kI taraha jama gayA hai tathA isa varga ke utthAna ke lie zAsana-prazAsana pUrI taraha se sakriya hai| kintu jaba hama AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke soca evaM sAhitya ko dekhate haiM to pAte haiM ki ve 'dalita' zabda ko vyApaka sandarbho evaM arthoM meM dekhate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM vyakti ke dvArA pratAr3ita vyakti dalita hai, samAja dvArA upekSita prANI dalita hai, dharma mArga se cyuta vyakti dalita hai, paramAtma pada se cyuta AtmA dalita hai, AtaMkita mAnasikatA rakhane vAlA vyakti dalita hai, aparAdhI dalita hai, parAdhIna dalita hai, hInabhAvanA se grasta vyakti dalita hai| ina saba dalitoM ke utthAna kI preraNA, dizA darzana, mArgadarzana unakI 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI, 'pUrNodaya zataka, 'pravacana pradIpa, 'pravacanAmRta,' 'sarvodaya zataka, 'pravacana prameya pravacanikA 'guNodaya, 'pAvana pravacana' tathA 'nijAnubhava zataka' ityAdi kRtiyoM meM pracura mAtrA meM milatA hai| ve to 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara' kRti meM kaMkara ko bhI zaMkara banAne kI bAta karate haiM / isa prakAra hama unheM vAstavika arthoM meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 331 'dalitoM kA masIhA' kaha sakate haiM / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI dRSTi meM saMsAra sampUrNa rUpa se trasta hai, pIr3ita hai aura Akula-vyAkulatAoM se grasta hai / isa pIr3A kA kAraNa hai prANiyoM meM paraspara vaira bhAva / yaha vaira bhAva vijAtiyoM meM hI nahIM balki sajAtiyoM meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| choTA bar3e ke dvArA, bar3A aura bar3e ke dvArA pada dalita kiyA jAtA hai, yahA~ taka ki mRtyu ko bhI prApta karAyA jAtA hai / 'machalI' kA yaha kathana kitanA saTIka hai : " "kyA patA nahIM tujhako ! / choTI ko bar3I machalI / sAbuta nigalatI hai yahA~ aura/ sahadharmI sajAti meM hI / vaira-vaimanaska bhAva / paraspara dekhe jAte haiM ! zvAna, zvAna ko dekha kara hI / nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA tA hai burI taraha / " (pR. 71) AcAryazrI kA cintana hai ki sabhI jIvoM para saMkaTa Ate haiM aura sabhI apanI zakti ke anusAra usakA nivAraNa karate haiM para phira bhI manuSya eka aisA vivekazIla prANI hai jo apane tathA dUsaroM ke saMkaToM ko AsAnI se dUra karane meM samartha hai| manuSya cAhe to apanI buddhi aura zArIrika sAmarthya se apanI aura dUsaroM kI rakSA kara sakatA hai| jIva rakSA usakA karttavya hai, usakA dharma bhI hai / kintu Aja yaha rakSA upekSita hai| hama cAhate haiM surakSA mAtra apanI aura apanI bhautika sampadA kI / Aja yaha svArthapUrNa saMkIrNatA hI saba anarthoM kI jar3a bana gaI hai| maiM dUsaroM ke lie kyoM cintA karU~, mujhe basa mere jIvana kI cintA hai / 'maiM' aura 'merA' Aja kA sArA vyavahAra yahIM taka sImita ho gayA hai| 'di hArTa oNpha maina' kRti meM phraoNma ne likhA hai : "dUsare vyakti (yA dUsare kisI sajIva prANI) para apanA sampUrNa prabhutva prApta karane meM milane vAlA Ananda hI parapIr3ana-vRtti kA sAra hai / isI bAta ko dUsarI taraha se yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki parapIr3ana kA uddezya manuSya ko eka cIz2a ke rUpa meM badalanA hai, sajIva ko nirjIva meM badalanA hai, kyoMki pUrNa aura parama niyantraNa se sajIva prANI jIvana kA eka sArabhUta guNa kho detA hai - svatantratA / " kintu hamane to svatantratA prApti ke pazcAt bhI lar3anA nahIM chor3A / hI bhAvanA padadalita hone aura ucca bhAvanA pada dalita karane meM kAraNa banatI hai / yahA~ ucca bhAvanA ko svayaM ko bar3A mAnane ke ahaMkAra se samajheM, anyathA na leN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA bhI yahI mAnanA hai ki ucca pada para baiThe jana yA ucca padAbhilASI jana dUsaroM ko pada dalita karate haiM tathA isa hetu pApAcaraNa bhI karate haiM / ve nAgarAja ke kathana ke mAdhyama se bhAvanA bhAte haiM ki hama padahIna hI bane raheM, kyoMki jitane bhI pada haiM ve saba vipattiyoM ke sthAna haiN| pada-lipsA kA yaha viSadhara hameM na sU~ghe / AcAryazrI ke hI zabdoM meM : " eka bAta aura kahanI hai hameM / ki / padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, / pApa - pAkhaNDa karate haiM / prabhu se prArthanA hai ki / apada hI bane raheM hama ! jitane bhI pada haiM / vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiM, pada-lipsA kA viSadhara vaha / bhaviSya meM bhI hameM na sU~ghe basa yahI bhAvanA hai, vibho !" (pR. 434 ) 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne zilpI ke eka pada dvArA kahalAyA hai ki maiM padAbhilASI banakara dUsaroM para paira na rakhU~, kisI prakAra kA utpAta na karU~ aura kabhI bhI kisI ko pada - dalita nahIM karU~ : "padAbhilASI banakara / para para pada-pAta na karU~, / utpAta na karU~,
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________________ 332 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kabhI bhI kisI jIvana ko / pada- dalita nahIM karU~, he prabho !" (pR. 115 ) jo jIva apane jaisA jIva dUsaroM meM mAnate haiM ve kabhI bhI dUsaroM ko nIcA girAne kI nahIM socate / AcAryazrI to prANImAtra ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA rakhate hue socate haiM ki ye bhI mere jaise dukhI haiM, ata: inako bhI rAstA mila jaae| isI karuNA ke vazIbhUta hokara AcAryoM / santoM ne prANiyoM ke kalyANa ke lie mArga sujhAyA hai / 'lenina' kA kathana thA : "krAntikArI siddhAnta ke binA koI krAntikArI Andolana sambhava nhiiN|" AcAryazrI dalitotthAna ke do mUla mantra samAja ko denA cAhate haiM : (1) zaktizAlI pada para rahate hue bhI maiM kisI ko usake pada se nahIM girAU~gA / (2) jo kisI kAraNa se yA svayaM pada- dalita haiM, unakA utthAna karU~gA / jo aisA nahIM karatA use ve karuNAhIna mAnate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM nAga-nAgina ke isa saMvAda meM unake ye mUlamantra isa rUpa meM sAmane Ate haiM : "hameM nAga aura nAgina / nA gina, he varabhAgina ! / yugoM-yugoM kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki / isa vaMza-paramparA ne / Aja taka kisI kAraNavaza kisI jIvana para bhI / pada nahIM rakhA, kucalA nahIM / apada jo rahe hama ! yahI kAraNa hai ki santoM ne / bahuta soca-samajha kara / hamArA sArthaka nAmakaraNa kiyA hai 'uraga/hA~ ! hA~ !/hama para koI pada rakhate / hameM cher3ate "to" hama chor3ate nahIM unheM // jaghanya svArthasiddhi ke lie kisI ko pada - dalita nahIM kiyA hamane, / pratyuta, jo / pada-dalita hue haiM kisI bhA~ti, / ura se sarakate - sarakate / una taka pahu~ca kara / unheM ura se cipakAyA hai, prema se unheM pucakArA hai, / unake ghAvoM ko sahalAyA hai / " (pR. 432 - 433) AcAryazrI to yahA~ taka likhate haiM ki dIna-dukhI jIvoM ko dekhakara A~khoM meM karuNA kA jala chalaka Ae, anyathA chidra to nAriyala meM bhI huA karate haiM / dayAhIna A~kheM nAriyala ke chidra ke samAna haiN| jisa jJAna ke mAdhyama se prANImAtra ke prati saMvedanA jAgrata nahIM hotI, usa jJAna kA koI mUlya nahIM hai / aura ve A~kheM kisI kAma kI nahIM, jinameM dekhane-jAnane ke bAda bhI saMvedanA kI do-tIna bU~deM nahIM chalakatIM / kucha rAjanItijJa dalitoM ke damana ko dalitoM se mukti kA upAya mAnate haiM kintu AcAryazrI isa ke pakSadhara nahIM haiN| ve cikitsakoM ke mukha se kahalavAte haiM : " mAtra damana kI prakriyA se / koI bhI kriyA / phalavatI nahIM hotI hai|" (pR. 391) mA~ kA vizvAsa pAlana meM hotA hai, satAne yA mArane meM nhiiN| saccI mAtA dUsaroM ke putroM ko bhI apane hI putravat mAnatI hai| AcAryazrI bar3e hI udAradRSTi vAle haiN| ve AtaMkavAdiyoM ko bhI isI bhArata mAtA kI santAna mAnate hue unakI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karane tathA unakI rakSA karane kA sandeza dete haiN| 'AtaMka' kA yaha kathana isa bhAva kI preraNA detA hai : " santAna ho yA santAnetara / yAtanA denA, satAnA mA~ kI sattA ko svIkAra kaba thA / ... hameM batAnA !" (pR. 475 ) vAstava meM hameM asahAyoM meM bhI svayaM ko dekhanA cAhie / jaba hama aisA kareMge to koI bhI dalita yA ghRNita
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 333 naz2ara nahIM aaegaa| kisI zAyara ne ThIka hI likhA hai : "jaba kisI se koI gilA rakhanA apane sAmane AInA rkhnaa|" Aja vizva kI sabase jvalanta samasyA AtaMkavAda hai / AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa ati-poSaNa yA ati-zoSaNa hai| isameM pratizodha kI bhAvanA janmatI hai, jo dUsaroM ke lie hI nahIM balki svayaM ke lie bhI ghAtaka banatI hai| isa viSaya meM 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne spaSTata: likhA hai, draSTavya hai pR. 418 / / isa viSaya meM pAolo phrere kA vicAra hai : "hiMsA kA Arambha ve karate haiM, jo utpIr3ana karate haiM, zoSaNa karate haiM jo dUsaroM ko manuSya nahIM mAnate / isakA Arambha ve nahIM karate jo utpIr3ita haiM, zoSita haiM, jinheM manuSya nahIM mAnA jAtA / manamuTAva ve nahIM phailAte haiM jo prema se vaMcita haiM balki ve phailAte haiM jo prema nahIM kara sakate haiM, kyoMki ve svayaM se hI prema karate haiM / asahAya aura AtaMkita loga AtaMka zurU nahIM karate / AtaMka kI zurUAta ve karate haiM jo hiMsaka hote haiM aura apanI zakti ke sahAre jiMdagI se khArija logoM ko paidA karane vAlI Thosa sthiti utpanna karate haiN| niraMkuzatA kA srota ve nahIM hote jo atyAcAroM ke zikAra hote haiM, usake srota hote haiM-niraMkuza atyaacaarii| ghRNA tiraskRta loga nahIM, tiraskAra karane vAle phailAte haiN| manuSya kA niSedha ve nahIM karate jo manuSyatA se vaMcita kara die gae haiM, balki ve karate haiM jinhoMne unakI (aura sAtha hI apanI bhI) manuSyatA kA niSedha kiyA hai / bala prayoga ve nahIM karate jo balazAliyoM kI prabalatA ke adhIna nirbala banA die gae haiM apitu unheM nirbala banAne vAle balazAlI karate haiN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja vyakti ko sAmAjika banane, lobha chor3ane tathA dhana ke samucita vitaraNa kI pakSadharatA dikhAte haiM / jaba bahuta adhika dhana eka jagaha ekatrita ho jAtA hai taba samAja meM nirdhanatA, viSamatA, asantoSa, cauryabhAva evaM adhArmikatA sira uThAne lagate haiN| vAstava meM coroM ko janma dene vAlA parigrahI samAja hI hotA hai| AcAryazrI pUrI taraha sAmAjika avadhAraNA ko jIte/jAnate hue dharma aura dharmAtmA ke sahI bhAva ko sAmane rakhate haiN| ve viSamatA rahita samAja kI purajora himAyata karate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM AtaMka kA yaha kathana samAja kI mAnasikatA evaM sarvodaya kI bhAvanA ko hI prakaTa karatA hai, isa hetu pR. 467-468 avalokanIya haiN| AcAryazrI kA vicAra hai ki saba santoM kA, dharmAtmA puruSoM kA uddezya yahI hotA hai ki jagat ke sabhI jIva sukha-zAnti kA anubhava kreN| eka sAtha sabhI jIvoM ke prati abhaya dene kI bhAvanA hara dharmAtmA ke andara hotI hai, honI bhI caahie| isa bAta kA prayAsa sabhI ko karanA caahie| jitanI sAmagrI Avazyaka hai utanI hI rakheM, usase adhika na rkheN| isa prakAra parimANa kara lene se Apa apavyaya se baceMge, sAtha hI sAmagrI kA vitaraNa sabhI ke lie sahI DhaMga se hogaa| sabhI kA jIvana sukhada hogaa| deza meM mAnavatA kAyama rahegI, deza kI saMskRti kI rakSA hogI evaM AtmakalyANa hogaa| jaina dharma meM to parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' kI bAteM AtI haiN| ata: sAmpradAyikatA ke nAma para apane-apane ghara bharanA, apanA svArthasiddha karanA aura ahaM ko puSTa karanA ThIka nahIM hai| Aja ahaMvRtti nahIM, sevAvRtti ko phailAnA caahie| jIvana bhale hI cAra dina kA kyoM na ho, lekina ahiMsAmaya ho to mUlyavAn hai / jo jaina dharma ke sAtha kSaNa bhara bhI jItA hai, vaha dhanya hai| jo pyAse kI pyAsa nahIM bujhAtA, AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM vaha pApI hai : "pApI vaha/pyAse prANI ko/pAnI pilAtA bhI kaba?" (pR. 298) nyAya meM vilamba hone ke kAraNa dalitoM meM asantoSa phailatA hai / yadi samaya para nyAya mile to samAja meM patanonmukha pravRttiyoM tathA balapUrvaka dalita banAe jAne kI prakriyA ko rokA jA sakatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI
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________________ 334 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke ye vicAra (pR. 272) dekhe jA sakate haiM / nirbaloM ko satAne, hAni pahu~cAne meM bala kI sArthakatA nahIM hai / bala kI sArthakatA to nirbaloM ko bala kA sambala dekara bacAne meM hI hai| isa bAta ko lakar3I ke dvArA AcAryazrI ne kahalavAyA hai : "lar3akhar3AtI lakar3I kI rasanA / rukatI - rukatI phira kahatI hai'nirbala - janoM ko satAne se nahIM, / bala-sambala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai / " (pR. 272) bAra aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki nirbala ko sambala die jAne para bhI nirbala ko kaSTa hotA hai| isameM uThAne vAle kA koI doSa nahIM hotA apitu nirbala kI zaktihInatA hI kAraNa banatI hai / 'mUkamATI' meM zilpI nimitta ko svIkAra karate hue kahatA hai : " nIce se nirbala ko Upara uThAte samaya / usake hAtha meM pIr3A ho sakatI hai, usameM uThAne vAle kA doSa nahIM, / uThane kI zakti nahIM honA hI doSa hai hA~, hA~ ! / usa pIr3A meM nimitta par3atA hai uThAnevAlA / " (pR. 272-273) hA~, itanA taya hai ki yadi Apa dUsaroM kI pIr3A dUra karane kA prayatna karate haiM to tumhAre dila meM zAnti milegii| kuMvara becaina kI ye do paMktiyA~ AcAryazrI ke kathana ko hI mAnoM spaSTa karatI haiM : 6 " tumhAre dila kI cubhana bhI z2arUra kama hogI kisI ke pA~va se kA~TA nikAlakara dekho / " AcAryazrI ko to aisA jIvana kaSTa sAdhya hI lagatA hai jisameM dUsare ke dukhoM ko miTAne kA bhAva nahIM ho| ve jinamUrti kI ora iMgita karate hue kahate haiM ki jinavara kI nAsAgra dRSTi isIlie hai, kyoMki ve eka pala ke lie bhI dUsaroM ke duHkha nahIM dekha skte| AcAryazrI dharma para kisI jAti vizeSa kA Adhipatya svIkArane ke pakSa meM nahIM haiN| ve to dharma ko gaMgA kI nirmala dhArA kI taraha sabake anta meM pravAhita dekhanA cAhate haiM / Aja ke dalita varga ko sabase adhika pIr3A dharma/ dharmIjanoM (tathAkathita) ke dvArA hI pahu~cAI gaI hai| phalasvarUpa DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara ke netRtva meM lAkhoM dalitoM ne hindU dharma tyAga kara bauddha dharma svIkAra kiyA thA / AcAryazrI dharma ko vyakti, jAti, sampradAya, varga vizeSa ke caMgula se mukta kara prANI mAtra kA dharma banAnA cAhate haiM tAki kisI ko dharma ke nAma para pada - dalita nahIM kiyA jA ske| ve kahate haiM ki gaMgA nadI himAlaya se prArambha hokara nirbAdha gati se samudra kI ora pravAhita hotI hai| usake jala meM agaNita prANI kiloleM karate haiM, usake jala se Acamana karate haiM, usameM snAna karate haiM, usakA jala pIkara jIvana rakSA karate haiM, apane per3a-paudhoM ko pAnI dete haiM, khetoM ko hariyAlI se sajA lete haiN| isa prakAra gaMgA nadI kisI eka prANI, jAti athavA sampradAya kI nahIM hai / vaha sabhI kI hai / yadi koI use apanA batAve to gaMgA kA isameM kyA doSa ? aise hI bhagavAn vRSabhadeva athavA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita dharma para kisI jAti vizeSa kA Adhipatya sambhava nahIM hai / yadi koI Adhipatya rakhatA hai to yaha usakI ajJAnatA hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja aise vyaktiyoM ko hRdayazUnya mAnate haiM jinameM dUsaroM ke duHkha-darda dekhakara saMvedanA jAgRta nahIM hotI / manuSyatA kA prathama lakSaNa para duHkha - kAtaratA hI hai / jisameM karuNA nahIM, usameM manuSyatA ho hI nahIM sakatI / 'mUkamATI' meM zilpI kaMkaroM ko hRdayazUnya kahatA hai jinameM karuNA pravAhita nahIM hotI / zilpI
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________________ kahatA hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 335 " are kaMkaro !... / tuma meM kahA~ hai vaha / jala- dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA ? jalAzaya meM raha kara bhI / yugoM-yugoM taka / nahIM bana sakate jalAzaya tuma ! / maiM tumheM / hRdaya - zUnya to nahIM kahU~gA / parantu pASANa-hRdaya avazya hai tumhArA, / dUsaroM kA duHkha-darda / dekhakara bhI nahIM A sakatA kabhI / jise pasInA / hai aisA tumhArA / sInA !" (pR. 49-50 ) kintu RSi-santoM kA upadeza hai ki kisI bhI vyakti se ghRNA mata karo, bhale hI vaha patita - pApI hI kyoM na ho / pApI se nahIM balki pApa se ghRNA karo tAki samyak AcaraNa kA pAlana karate hue svayaM ko paramAtmA banA sako / AcAryazrI kA kathana hai :: " RSi santoM kA / sadupadeza - sadAdeza / hameM yahI milA ki pApI se nahIM / pApa se / paMkaja se nahIM, / paMka se / ghRNA karo / / ayi Arya ! nara se / nArAyaNa bano / samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 50-51 ) - 1 dharma meM hI sikhAtA hai ki patita se pAvana bano / AcAryazrI ke anusAra vizva meM aneka dharma pracalita haiM / ina sabhI dharmoM meM eka dharma vaha bhI hai jo prANImAtra ke lie patita se pAvana banane kA mArga batAtA hai| usa dharma kA nAma hai-'jaina dharma' / jaina dharma prANImAtra ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA rakhane vAlA dharma hai / hamArA prathama karttavya hai ki hama svayaM pApa se Upara uTheM, svayaM patita se pAvana hone kA prayatna kareM / koI vyakti patita se pAvana kaise bane ? yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai / hameM dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jo vyakti apane Apako prArambha se hI pAvana mAnatA hai, usake pAvana banane kI koI guMjAiza hI nahIM hai / pAvana se pAvana banane kA prayAsa bhI kauna karegA ? pahale hameM jAnanA hogA ki hama patita haiM aura patita hone kA kAraNa hamAre svayaM ke bure karma haiN| saMsAra meM bhaTakAne vAle bhI yahI karma haiM / pApI se nahIM balki pApa se baco / yahI ucca banane kA rAstA / yadi pApI se ghRNA karoge to vaha kabhI puNyAtmA nahIM bana sakegA aura ghRNA karane vAlA svayaM bhI patita ho jaaegaa| ratnatraya ke pavitra saMskAroM ke dvArA pApa ke saMskAroM se mukta hokara AtmA zuddha bana sakatI hai| pavitra saMskAroM dvArA hI patita se pAvana banA jA sakatA hai| jo vyakti pApoM se apanI AtmA ko chur3Akara kevala vizuddha bhAvoM ke dvArA apanI AtmA ko saMskArita karatA hai, vahI saMsAra se Upara uTha pAtA hai / yaha mAtra kalpanA nahIM hai / yaha satya hai / yahI saccA vijJAna hai / jaise miTTI Upara uThanA cAhatI hai, apanA uddhAra karanA cAhatI hai to eka dina dharatI mA~ se pUchatI hai ki mA~ mujhe loga pada - dalita karate haiM, mujhe khodate, rauMdate aura taraha-taraha kI yAtanAe~ dete haiN| kyA mere jIvana meM kabhI aisA avasara ki maiM bhI sabhI kI prema-bhAjana banU~ ? kyA aisA vikAsa merA bhI sambhava hai ? taba dharatI mA~ samajhAtI hai ki hA~, sambhava hai, lekina isameM bar3I sAdhanA aura sahanazIlatA kI AvazyakatA hai| isake lie tyAga, tapasyA aura vizvAsa kI AvazyakatA hai / jo prakriyA batAI jAegI usa prakriyA ko apanAnA hogA / taba eka samaya aisA AegA jaba sabhI tujhe pyAra se sambhAlakara Upara rakheMge / yadi patita se pAvana banane kA vicAra tere mana meM AyA hai to jaba bhI koI kumhAra yahA~ para Ae, usake hAthoM meM apane ko samarpita kara denA / ronA, cillAnA nhiiN| usake prati dveSabhAva bhI mata krnaa| vaha jo prakriyA batAe use grahaNa karanA / vaha jaisA kare, karane denA / kucha bhI pratikriyA mata karanA / yahI patita se pAvana banane kA sUtrapAta hogA /
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________________ 336 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA parizrama ke binA hama kucha prApta nahIM kara sakate / jo eka-eka kadama uThAtA huA Age rakhatA calatA hai vikAsa kI ora, vahI saphala hotA hai / lakSyavAn sAdhaka sabhI bAdhAoM ko pAra karatA huA Age bar3hatA hai| jo vyakti sva-para ko duHkha detA hai, vaha naraka gati kA pAtra banatA hai| AcAryazrI kahate haiM : "sva-para ko satAnA hai,/ nIca- narakoM meM jA jIvana bitAnA hai|" (pR. 189) yA ko dharma kahA jAtA hai| AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM jo vyakti dayAvAn hokara dayArahitoM-dalitoM para dayA karatA hai, bhayazIloM ko bhayamukta karatA hai, sadA sadAzayI dRSTi rakhatA hai, vahI samaSTi ke hita-sAdhana meM sahAyaka bana sakatA hai| 'mUkamATI meM AcAryazrI ne pAkistAna ke tatkAlIna rASTrapati janarala jiyA-ula-haka ko prakArAntara se yahI sandeza diyA hai : " sadaya bano ! / adaya para dayA karo / abhaya bano ! samaya para kiyA karo abhaya kI / amRta-maya vRSTi sadA sadA sadAzaya dRSTi / re jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo / " (pR. 149 ) AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM dravya kI sArthakatA dIna-dukhiyoM ke prati dravIbhUta hone meM hI hai| jo dravya dayA ke nimitta nahIM hai, use daridratA kA pratIka hI mAnanA caahie| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI kahate haiM : matkuNa " he svarNa - kalaza ! / dukhI - daridra jIvana ko dekhakara / jo dravIbhUta hotA hai vahI dravya anamola mAnA hai / / dayA se daridra dravya kisa kAma kA ?" (pR. 365) seTha se bhI yahI kahatA hai : "jIvana udAratA kA udAharaNa bane ! / akAraNa hI - para ke duHkha kA sadA haraNa ho !" (pR. 388) duHkhoM se mukti cintA se nahIM balki cintana se milatI hai / AcAryazrI samyak vicAra dekara dalitoM / patitoM ke lie cintana kA mArga prazasta karanA cAhate haiM / suprasiddha zikSAzAstrI pAolo phrere kA mata hai : "utpIr3ita loga svayaM para bharosA karanA tabhI zurU karate haiM, jaba ve utpIr3aka ko khoja lete haiM aura apanI mukti ke lie saMgaThita saMgharSa karane lagate haiN| yaha khoja nitAnta bauddhika khoja nahIM ho sktii| isake lie karma bhI Avazyaka hai / lekina yaha khoja nire karmavAda taka bhI sImita nahIM hogI / isameM cintana bhI avazya zAmila rahanA caahie| tabhI yaha khoja 'AcaraNa' kahalAegI / " dalita bhAva se mukti apanI vAstavika (vartamAna) sthiti ke bodha se hI hotI hai / duHkha ke kAraNa jAna lene para una kAraNoM ko haTAnA sambhava hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM dalita 'miTTI' apanI mA~ dharatI se apanI sthiti kA bakhAna isa rUpa meM karatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~ / aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se, /... adhama pApiyoM se pada- dalitA hU~ mA~ ! / sukha-muktA hU~ // du:kha - yuktA hU~ tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ / " (pR. 4) isa prakAra yahA~ dalita prANI kI sahI pahacAna AcAryazrI ne miTTI ke rUpa meM karAI hai| dalita do kAraNoM se hote
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 337 haiM- eka svayaM, dUsare auroM (dUsaroM) ke dvArA patita kie jAne para / pariNAmasvarUpa sva-pada se dalita honA par3atA hai| sva-pada se dalita hone kI sthiti meM sukhoM kA abhAva tathA duHkhoM se jur3Ava ho jAtA hai tathA sAmAjika tiraskAra kA pAtra bhI bananA par3atA hai| jo ina tathyoM se avagata ho jAtA hai vaha avilamba una kAraNoM se mukti kI cAha evaM prayatna karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM miTTI dharatI mA~ se yahI kahatI hai : "aura suno,/vilamba mata karo/pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) jaba svayaM ke dalita hone kA bhAna ho jAtA hai, gurutva kI pahacAna ho jAtI hai tabhI pAvanatA/utthAna kA mArga prazasta hotA hai / ThIka vaise hI jaise ki asatya kI pahacAna hote hI satya kI khoja prArambha ho jAtI hai / AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM : "aura/tUne jo/apane Apako/patita jAnA hai/laghu-tama mAnA hai yaha apUrva ghaTanA/isalie hai ki/tUne/nizcita rUpa se/prabhu ko, guru-tama ko/pahacAnA hai !/terI dUra-dRSTi meM/pAvana-pUta kA bimba bimbita huA avazya !/asatya kI sahI pahacAna hI/satya kA avadhAna hai, beTA! patana pAtAla kA anubhava hI/utthAna-U~cAI kI/AratI utAranA hai !"(pR.9-10) miTTI kA yaha kathana bhI avalokana yogya hai : "laghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana hai|" (pR. 51) yahI parama satya pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki jise laghutA kA bodha ho jAtA hai, vahI gurutA kI ora bar3hatA hai| kucha logoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki jo dalita haiM unakA uddhAra sambhava nahIM hai / jo ucca haiM, ve ucca hI raheMge aura jo nimna haiM, ve nimna hI rheNge| kintu AcAryazrI isakA khaNDana karate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki sabhI jIvoM meM parivartana sambhava hai / jo nimna (nIca) haiM unheM uThAyA bhI jA sakatA hai| nIca vyakti ko Upara uThAnA sabhyatA kI nizAnI hai tathA prANI mAtra kA dharma hai| kintu dalitotthAna kI yaha prakriyA zArIrika, Arthika evaM zaikSaNika sahayoga mAtra se pUrI nahIM hogii| isa kArya ke lie to dalitoM ko sAttvika saMskAroM meM DhalanA hogaa| tabhI ve ucca pada, ucca sattA kA sparza kara skeNge| 'mUkamATI' meM yaha dhAraNA isa rUpa meM vyakta huI hai : "apanAnA-/apanatva pradAna karanA/aura/apane se bhI prathama samajhanA para ko yaha sabhyatA hai,prANI-mAtra kA dharma;/parantu yaha kArya/yathAkrama yathAvidhi ho isa Azaya ko aura kholU~-/ucca ucca hI rahatA/nIca nIca hI rahatA aisI merI dhAraNA nahIM hai,/nIca ko Upara uThAyA jA sakatA hai, ucitAnucita samparka se/saba meM parivartana sambhava hai|/prntu ! yaha dhyAna rahezArIrika, Arthika, zaikSaNika Adi/sahayoga-mAtra se/nIca bana nahIM sakatA ucca isa kArya kA sampanna honA/sAtvika saMskAra para AdhArita hai|" (pR. 357) apane durguNoM/doSoM ko jalAne vAlA ucca avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM 'kumbha' kA yaha kathana sahI kadama evaM sahI dharma kA poSaNa karatA hai : "...mere doSoM ko jalAo !/mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai
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________________ 338 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|" (pR. 277) nirantara parizrama karane, para-strI ko mAtA tulya samajhane tathA dUsare ke dhana ko miTTI-samAna samajhane vAlA hI ucca jIvana ko prApta karatA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM 'AkAzavANI' ke mAdhyama se yaha preraka vicAra pratyakSa hotA hai : "parizrama karo/pasInA bahAo/bAhubala milA hai tumheM karo puruSArtha sahI/puruSa kI pahacAna karo sahI/parizrama ke binA tuma navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI,/kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai!/para-kAminI, vaha jananI ho, para-dhana kaMcana kI giTTI bhI/miTTI ho sajjana kI dRSTi meM !"(pR.211-212) parAdhInatA aura dUsaroM kI buddhi para AdhArita kriyAe~ bhI dalita banAne meM kAraNa banatI haiN| svAdhInatA se padonnati sunizcita hotI hai / AcAryazrI kI preraNA hai : "aparAdhI nahIM bano/aparA 'dhI' bano,/'parAdhI' nahIM parAdhIna nahIM/parantu/aparAdhIna bano!" (pR. 477) AcAryazrI Azvasta haiM ki dalitoM kI sthiti meM badalAva AegA / ajJAna, vaiSamya, pramAda, azAnti, sAMsArika duHkhamayatA evaM anAsthA kI kAlI rAta avasAna kI ora hai tathA sva-jIvanotthAna kI uSA kA udaya ho rahA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke prArambha meM AcAryazrI ne likhA hai : "nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/uSA kI aba zAna ho rahI hai / " (pR. 1) ___ vAstava meM jisameM saha-astittva kI bhAvanA hai, sva-jIvanotthAna kI lalaka hai, jo "AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret" kI bhAvanA ke prati AsthA rakhatA hai tathA prANImAtra kI surakSA ke prati sajaga hai, aisA ahiMsaka prANI na to svayaM dalita hotA hai aura na dUsaroM ko pada-dalita karatA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI eka prabuddha zramaNa sAdhaka santa haiM jinake mana-hRdaya meM karuNA kA sAgara hiloreM letA rahA hai / ve nirIha prANI bhI unake pada se AkrAnta na ho pAe~, isalie IryApatha zuddhipUrvaka gamana karate haiN| unakI kriyAyeM, AcaraNa, vyavahAra evaM vicAra svAvalambana ke jIvanta pramANa haiN| ve svayaM svAdhInatA ke mArga para cala rahe haiM tathA apane upadezoM se prANI mAtra ko svAdhIna banAne kA upakrama anAyAsa karate haiN| aise mahAn zramaNa ke vicAra 'mUkamATI' meM dalitotthAna ke svara' rUpa meM sahaja hI prakaTa/prasphuTita hue haiM / ve dalitoM ke prati mAnavIya dRSTi rakhate haiN| unake batAe saMskArita/kaMTaka rahita mArga kA avalambana lene para dalitoM kA utthAna avazyaMbhAvI hai| unakI sadbhAvanA 'mUkamATI' meM kumbha ke mukha se jisa rUpa meM nissRta huI hai, usase yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki ve sampUrNa prANiyoM/carAcara jagat ke sacce hitasAdhaka haiN| nu pR. 3. payaracalatA hai.... VERTEE - - - ... manase bhii|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : hindI kA navInatama mahAkAvya DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla hindI mahAkAvya likhane kI paramparA prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai| jabase mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne mahAkavi svayambhU ke 'pauma cariu' ko hindI kA prathama mahAkAvya ghoSita kiyA, hindI meM mahAkAvya likhane kI paramparA AThavIM-navamIM zatAbdI taka pahu~ca gaI / mahAkavi svayambhU ke pazcAt apabhraMza meM, jise prAcIna hindI kahA jAtA hai, jaina kaviyoM ne bIsoM kAvya likhe, jinameM gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM mahAkavi vIra dvArA vIra-zRMgAra rasa pradhAna 'jaMbUsAmI cariu', dhanapAla dvArA nibaddha 'bhavisayatta kahA, yaza:kIrti dvArA 'caMdappaha cariu' evaM jayamitra hala kA 'baDDhamANa cariu' ke nAma vizeSata: ullekhanIya haiN| mahAkavi raidhU ne apabhraMza meM bIsoM kAvya likhakara eka kIrtimAn sthApita kiyA / apabhraMza bhASA ke atirikta hindI meM jAyasI ne 'padamAvata' kAvya likhA, brahma jinadAsa ne 'rAmarAsa' jaisA mahAkAvya hindI meM likhakara isa kAvya paramparA ko Age bddh'aayaa| mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ne rAmacaritamAnasa' jaisA lokapriya mahAkAvya hindI jagat ko upalabdha kraayaa| vigata pacAsa varSoM meM pacAsa se bhI adhika prabandha kAvya likhe gae jinameM 'priyapravAsa, 'kAmAyanI, 'vardhamAna' jaise mahAkAvyoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paccIsa sauveM parinirvANa mahotsava para mahAvIra ke jIvana para AdhArita pA~ca-chaha mahAkAvya likhe ge| abhI kucha varSa pUrva hI prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI jIvana kathA para AdhArita 'RSabhAyana' mahAkAvya likhakara DaoN. choTelAla zarmA 'nAgendra' ne mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA ko aura bhI Age bddh'aayaa| isI taraha san 1988 meM AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ne hindI meM eka mahAkAvya likhane kA gaurava prApta kiyaa| ___ paramapUjya AcArya vidyAsAgarajI apane cintana, manana, tapazcaraNa evaM satata lekhana ke lie prasiddha yuvA AcArya haiN| unakI vANI meM AkarSaNa hai tathA lekhanI meM jAdU hai / satata tapazcaryA meM lIna rahane para bhI 'mUkamATI' jaise mahAkAvya kI racanA unakI adbhuta lekhanazakti kA paricAyaka hai| kannar3abhASI hone para bhI saMskRta evaM hindI Adi meM unakI lekhanI anavarata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai / aba taka saMskRta meM pA~ca zataka tathA hindI meM ApakI cAra kAvya kRtiyA~, vibhinna granthoM ke padyAnuvAda, aneka zataka evaM pravacana saMgraha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| ve rASTrIya jaina santa haiM aura grAma, nagara evaM tIrtha kSetroM meM vihAra karate hue jana-jana ko samyak mArga para calane ke lie apane vacanAmRta pilAte rahate 'kAmAyanI' mahAkAvya ko chor3akara aba taka jitane bhI mahAkAvya likhe gae haiM, ve saba paurANika kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para nibaddha mahAkAvya haiN| 'kAmAyanI' kA AdhAra zatapatha brAhmaNa, veda evaM purANoM meM likhita sAmagrI hai / 'mUkamATI' hindI kA aisA navInatama mahAkAvya hai jisakA nAyaka na to tresaTha zalAkA mahApuruSoM meM se hai, na koI puNyazIla mahApuruSa hai, na hI rAjapuruSa hai aura na koI zreSThivarga meM se hai / kintu, aba taka kI mahAkAvyoM kI paramparAoM se haTakara AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' kAvya kI nAyikA mATI ko banAyA hai| kAvya meM nAyaka kA sthAna kisI eka ko nahIM diyA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha kAvya ke antima adhyAya taka nAyikA ke sAtha nahIM raha pAtA / yadyapi kAvya meM zilpI kumbhakAra tIna sarga taka nAyaka kI bhUmikA nibhAtA hai tathA caturtha sarga meM nAyaka kA sthAna seTha le letA hai| ina tIna pAtroM ke atirikta aura bhI bahuta se pAtra bIca meM Akara apanI bhUmikA nibhAkara cale jAte haiN| ___isa mahAkAvya meM dharma, darzana evaM adhyAtma ke sAra ko mukta chandoM meM nibaddha karake kAvyaracanA ko nayA svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai / isake varNana ghaTanA pradhAna na hokara bhAva pradhAna haiN| mahAkavi kI cintanazIla vicAroM para AdhArita kathAvastu pAThaka ko eka naI dRSTi pradAna karatI hai| prastuta mahAkAvya kevala cAra sargoM meM vibhakta hai| ye sarga sarga hI haiM khaNDa nahIM, jaisA ki mahAkAvya kI prastAvanA
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________________ 340 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA meM zrI lakSmIcanda jaina ne likhA hai, kyoMki svayaM mahAkavi ne kAvya ke anta meM sargoM kA vibhAjana nimna prakAra kiyA hai : "...kumbhakAra kA saMsarga kiyA so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA Adima sarga huaa| ...ahaM kA utsarga kiyA/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/dvitIya sarga huaa| ...tumane agni-parIkSA dI/utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha/jo/sahana upasarga kiyA so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/tRtIya sarga huaa| /bindu-mAtra varNa-jIvana ko tumane UrdhvagAmI UrdhvamukhI/jo/svAzrita visarga kiyA,/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/antima sarga huaa|" (pR. 482-483) isa prakAra svayaM mahAkavi ne apane mahAkAvya ko sargoM meM bA~Takara khaNDa, adhyAya jaise nAmoM ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA hai| kathAvastu : 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA prArambha binA maMgalAcaraNa ke huA hai| yadyapi maMgalAcaraNa karane kI bahuta prAcIna paramparA rahI hai tathA bar3e-bar3e jainAcAryoM ne isa paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA hai, lekina mahAkavi svayaM hI paMca-parameSThiyoM meM AcArya parameSThI haiM, jo maMgalasvarUpa haiN| ata: svayaM maMgalasvarUpa hone para maMgalAcaraNa kA vizeSa aucitya nahIM rahatA, sambhavata: isIlie maMgalAcaraNa karane kI paramparA kA nirvAha nahIM huA hai| kathA kA prArambha hotA hai prAta:kAla kI belA se, dharatI aura mATI ke vArtAlApa se / dharatI mA~ hai aura mATI usakI beTI hai / mA~-beTI kA yaha sambandha kAvya meM anta taka calatA hai / saritA taTa kI mATI dharatI mA~ ke sAmane apanA hRdaya khola kara rakhatI hai aura apane duHkhoM kA ronA ro detI hai / aura pUcha baiThatI hai apanI mA~ se ki usakI - mATI kI paryAya se iti kaba hogI : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ "ise !" (pR. 5) aura vaha mA~ se tIna vastue~ dene ko kahatI hai : "aura suno,/vilamba mata karo pada do, patha do/pAtheya bhI do mA~ !" (pR. 5) kucha dera mauna rahakara dharA mATI ko samajhAtI hai| use dulAravaza beTI nahIM 'beTA' kahakara sambodhita karatI hai, kucha dRSTAnta detI hai| isase mATI ko kucha sAntvanA milatI hai| dharatI mATI kA uttara sunakara prasanna hotI hai aura vaha kaha uThatI hai: "kala ke prabhAta se/apanI yAtrA kA/sUtra-pAta karanA hai tumheM ! prabhAta meM kumbhakAra AyegA/patita se pAvana banane, samarpaNa-bhAva-sameta/usake sukhada caraNoM meM/praNipAta karanA hai tumheM, apanI yAtrA kA/sUtrapAta karanA hai tumheM / " (pR. 17) mA~ aura beTI ke madhya dArzanika carcA hotI hai| thor3I hI dera meM eka zilpI AtA dikhAI detA hai / vaha zilpI kumbhakAra hI hai| mahAkavi ne usI kA nayA nAma zilpI diyA hai| kumbhakAra kA nAmakaraNa kaise huA hai, isakI kavi ne bahuta sundara khoja kI hai: " 'kuM' yAnI dharatI /aura /'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo
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________________ bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho / kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) usa zilpI ne oMkAra (paMca parameSThI) ko namana karake kudAlI se miTTI ko khodakara borI meM bhara liyaa| kavi ne likhA hai ki kudAlI kI mAra khAne para bhI borI meM bharI miTTI lajjAvaza navavivAhitA tanUdarA ke samAna kucha nahIM bolatI / aura borI ke Upara ke chedoM meM se hI jhA~kane lagatI hai| lekina zilpI se mATI kI vedanA nahIM sahI jAtI aura use vaha cAruzIle kahakara kucha pUcha hI letA hai / mATI ko apanA itihAsa batAne meM prasannatA hotI hai| mATI kI bAta kavi ke zabdoM meM dekheM : 1 'amIroM kI nahIM / garIboM kI bAta hai; koThI kI nahIM / kuTiyA kI bAta hai / " (pR. 32) " mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 341 zilpI borI meM bharI huI mATI ko gadhe kI pITha para lAda detA hai| lekina gadahA kI pIr3A ko mATI apanI pIr3A samajha baiThatI hai| usake netra sajala ho jAte haiN| zilpI mATI ke dayA ke bhAvoM ko samajha letA hai aura kaha uThatA hai : " dayA kA honA hI / jIva-vijJAna kA / samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) kyoMki para kI dayA se hI sva kI (dayA kA viloma rUpa karane se ) yAda AtI hai| ina alpa zabdoM meM kavi ne kitanI saccAI bhara dI hai| 'dayA' aura 'vAsanA' ke bheda ko kavi ne kitanI acchI taraha samajhAyA hai : " vAsanA kA vilAsa / moha hai, / dayA kA vikAsa / mokSa haieka jIvana ko burI taraha/jalAtI hai / bhayaMkara hai, aMgAra hai ! eka jIvana ko pUrI taraha / jilAtI hai / zubhaMkara hai, zRMgAra hai|" (pR.38) zilpI apane ghara pahu~cakara gadahe kI pITha se mATI kI borI ko utAra letA hai aura phira cAlanI lekara mATI ko chAnane lagatA hai| mATI alaga evaM kaMkara alaga ho ge| mATI se bichur3ane para kaMkaroM ko bahuta duHkha hotA hai aura ve zilpa se apane viyogIkaraNa kA kAraNa pUcha baiThate haiN| sAtha hI, apane aura mATI ke sambandhoM para vistAra se sAmyatA batalAte haiN| zilpI kaha uThatA hai ki mATI se usakA zilpa nikhara jAtA hai aura kaMkaroM se vaha zilpa bikhara jAtA hai : vaha zilpI phira kahane lagatA hai : "mRdu mATI se / laghu jAti se / merA yaha zilpa / nikharatA hai / aura khara-kAThI se / guru jAti se / vaha avilamba / bikharatA hai / " (pR. 45) " saMkara - doSa kA / vAraNa karanA thA mujhe / so kaMkara - koSakA / vAraNa kiyA / " (pR. 46 ) zilpI kI bAta kaMkaroM se sahI nahIM jAtI aura ve mATI se apane lambe itihAsa para prakAza DAlane lagate haiM aura ve zilpI se usake A~khoM evaM kAnoM ke doSapUrNa hone kI bAta bhI pUcha baiThate haiM : "gAta kI ho yA jAta kI / eka bAta hai -/ hamameM aura mATI meM samatA - sadRzatA hai/visadRzatA to dikhatI nahIM !" (pR. 46 ) phira zilpI aura kaMkaroM meM varNa saMkara kI carcA cala par3atI hai| zilpI kSIra aura nIra, nIra aura kSIra ke sambandhoM
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________________ 342 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko spaSTa karane laga jAtA hai : "nIra kA kSIra bananA hI / varNa-lAbha hai, / varadAna hai / aura / kSIra kA phaTa jAnA hI / varNa saMkara hai/ abhizApa hai isase yahI phalita huA, / alaM vistareNa !" (pR. 49) zilpI ne kaMkaroM ko jaba unakA vAstavika svarUpa batalA diyA to kaMkara ro par3e aura kahane lage : " o mAnAtIta mArdava - mUrti, / mATI mA~ ! / eka mantra do ise jisase ki yaha / hIrA bane / aura kharA bane kaMcana - sA !" (pR. 56 ) isa para mATI ne kaMkaroM ko nimna prakAra mArga batalAyA : "kaMkaroM kI prArthanA sunakara / mATI kI muskAna mukharita huI saMyama kI rAha calo / rAhI bananA hI to / hIrA bananA hai|" (pR. 56-57) isake pazcAt zilpI kaMkaroM se rahita mATI ko pAnI meM bhigone kI prakriyA prArambha karatA hai| kue~ meM se pAnI nikAlane ke lie bAlaTI ko rassI se bA~dha dI hai, lekina rassI meM lagI huI eka gA~Tha nahIM khulatI / bahuta prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai lekina saphalatA nahIM miltii| zilpI ko dA~toM ne Akara sahayoga dene kI prArthanA kI aura kahA : 44 'bAta kA prabhAva jaba / bala-hIna hotA hai / hAtha kA prayoga taba kArya karatA hai / / aura / hAtha kA prayoga jaba bala -hIna hotA hai / hathiyAra kA prayoga taba / Arya karatA hai / " (pR. 60) lekina dA~toM se gA~Tha nahIM khulii| taba rasanA indriya ne Akara use bhalA-burA kahA aura jaise hI usane apanI lAra gA~Tha para chor3I, vaha hila uThI aura phira dA~toM ne milakara usa gA~Tha ko khola diyA / gA~Tha to granthi kA rUpa hai / jahA~ granthi hai, vahA~ nizcaya hI hiMsA jhalakatI hai / granthi to hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai, kyoMki jaba gA~Tha yukta rassI girrI para giregI to nizcita rUpa se bAlaTI kA santulana bigar3a jAegA / usakA jala uchala kara kue~ meM jA giregA, jisake kAraNa bahuta se jIva kue~ meM pIr3ita ho sakate haiN| zilpI ke zarIra kI chAyA kue~ meM machalI para pdd'ii| kue~ meM machalI tar3apa gaI aura apanI dIna sthiti para rone lgii| use andha kUpa meM se nikAlane ke lie prArthanA karane lgii| ye saba rUpaka haiM jinake sahAre mahAkavi ne saMsAra kI yathArthatA kA varNana kiyA hai| yaha jIva bhI patA nahIM kitane samaya se andhakUpa meM par3A huA hai, jahA~ use jJAna kI eka kiraNa bhI nahIM dikhAI detI / vaha andhakUpa meM se nikalane kA prayatna karatA hai aura yadi kabhI vaha Upara A bhI jAtA hai to apane ajJAna ke kAraNa phira andha kUpa meM gira jAtA hai| Ane aura girane kI prakriyA lagI hI rahatI hai / mahAkavi ne isa sarga meM 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA Adhunika artha, satyuga aura kaliyuga kA yathArtha antara, vyAdhi- Adhi aura upAdhi kA lakSaNa evaM sallekhanA kA jo artha samajhAyA hai, vaha nizcita hI mahAkavi kI prabhAvaka kAvyatva zakti kA paricAyaka hai| 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA kavi ne navInIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai : "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam"/isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana-dravya /dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA / Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai / dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82) 66
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 343 isI taraha satyuga aura kaliyuga ko samajhAte hue mahAkavi ne likhA hai : "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat yuga hai, beTA!/aura asat-viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnane vAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA !" (pR. 83) dUsare sarga kA zIrSaka hai 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM / ' svayaM mahAkavi ne isa sarga kA - "ahaM kA utsarga kiyA/so/ sRjanazIla jIvana kA/dvitIya sarga huA" (pR. 482) ina zabdoM meM sArAMza athavA zIrSaka diyA hai| isa sarga meM rUpakoM kI bharamAra hai / kathA bhAga to itanA-sA hai ki zilpI dvArA mATI meM pAnI milAkara tathA use pairoM se khUba rauMda karake loMdA banA diyA jAtA hai aura cAka para rakhakara use ghaTa kA rUpa de diyA jAtA hai| prArambha meM mahAkavi ne tana meM hone vAle cetana ke nirantara nartana ko dekha pAnA kyA sambhava hai, isI ko zabdoM meM nimna prakAra utArA hai : "tana meM cetana kA/cirantana nartana hai ya ha/vaha kauna-sI A~kheM haiM kisa kI, kahA~ haiM jinheM sambhava hai/isa nartana kA darzana yaha ?" (pR. 90) zizira kI rAtri hai / zIta se sabhI per3a-paudhoM para himapAta ho rahA hai / varSA bhI hone lagatI hai / bhayaMkara zIta se zarIra meM ka~paka~pI daur3ane lagatI hai, lekina usa zilpI kI aisI rAta bhI sahaja rUpa meM kaTa jAtI hai / aura patalI-sI cAdara or3ha kara hI vaha sArI rAta nikAla detA hai / jaba mATI zilpI se kambala or3hane ke lie kahatI hai to vaha usakA karArA uttara detA hai, jisako sunakara use cupa honA par3atA hai : "puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai| aura/anyatra ramanA hI/bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai !" (pR. 93) ghaTa nirmANa kI isa prakriyA meM mATI ke sAtha eka kA~TA A jAtA hai| kaMkaroM ko nikAlane ke pazcAt bhI vaha miTTI ke bIca meM baca jAtA hai| zilpI ne mATI ke sira para kudAlI se prahAra kie taba usake sira para aneka coTeM par3I / vaha kSata-vikSata bhI ho gyaa| usake prANa kaNThagata ho jAte haiN| phira vaha zilpI se badalA lene kI socatA hai-"zilpI ko zalya-pIr3A dekara hI/isa mana ko caina milegA"(pR. 97) / kavi ne isa prasaMga kA sundara varNana kiyA hai / zUla aura phUla, phUla aura zUla kI tulanA hone lagatI hai| aura jaba vaha mATI se kahatA hai : "zilpI kama-se-kama/isa bhUla ke lie/ zUla se kSamA-yAcanA to kare, mA~ !" (pR.104-105) / to mATI kumbhakAra ko kSamA kI mUrti kahatI hai / lekina zilpI mATI kI bAta suna letA hai aura sahaja kaha uThatA hai : "khammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI !/vaira kisase/kyoM aura kaba karUM ? yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai/saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI!" (pR. 105) zilpI ke kSamA-yAcanA karane se zUla bhI pazcAtApa karane lagA aura apanI vigata bhUloM ke kAraNa use apane Apa para glAni hone lgii| aura anta meM zUla ne zilpI se sahaja bhAva se jAnanA cAhA ki yaha 'moha kyA balA hai aura mokSa kyA kalA hai ?' isakA zilpI ne bahuta saMkSipta, kintu arthapUrNa nimna prakAra uttara diyA :
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________________ : mUkamATI-mImAMsA 344:: " apane ko chor3akara / para - padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai / aura / saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI / mokSa kA dhAma hai / " (pR. 109 - 110 ) kAvya meM rasoM ke darzana ke prasaMga meM vIra rasa, hAsya rasa, raudra rasa, bIbhatsa rasa, karuNa rasa, zRMgAra rasa Adi nava rasoM ko sundara rIti se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| isI sarga meM mahAkavi ne 9 kI saMkhyA kA mahattva, 3 va 6 kI saMkhyA kA eka-dUsare se viSamatA kA bhI acchA citraNa kiyA hai / kumbha para siMha aura zvAna ke citraNa ke prasaMga meM mahAkavi ne siMha aura zvAna kI carcA kara unake svabhAva para tIkhA vyaMgya kiyA hai / sarga ke anta meM dArzanika tattva utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya kI vyAkhyA bhI sIdhI-sAdI bhASA meM nimna prakAra huI hai: "vyAvahArika bhASA meM sUtra kA bhAvAnuvAda prastuta hai : AnA, jAnA, lagA huA hai / AnA yAnI janana- utpAda hai jAnA yAnI maraNa - vyaya hai / lagA huA yAnI sthira- dhrauvya hai aura/ hai yAnI cira- sat / yahI satya hai yahI tthy|" (pR. 185) tIsare sarga kA nAma hai 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' lekina santa kavi ne isa sarga kA sAra nimna zabdoM meM diyA hai : " tumane agni-parIkSA dI / utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha / jo/ upasarga sahana kiyA, so/ sRjana-zIla jIvana kA / tRtIya sarga huA / " (pR. 482-483) isa sarga meM kumbha nirmANa kI kathA kiMcit bhI Age nahIM bar3ha pAI hai| kintu pUre sarga meM dharA ke udbhava aura vikAsa, sUrya, candramA evaM sAgara kI bhUmikA tathA puNya karma se utpanna phala prApti kA sundara citraNa huA hai / isI prasaMga meM mahAkavi dvArA nArI, mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA evaM duhitA Adi zabdoM kI AkarSaka vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| kumbhakAra kI anupasthiti meM usake A~gana meM muktAoM kI varSA hotI hai / varSA ke samAcAra rAjA taka pahu~ca jAte haiM / usake sevaka unheM boriyoM meM bharane ko jaise hI hAtha bar3hAte haiM vaise hI AkAza se anartha - anartha, pApa- pApa kI dhvani hotI hai aura parizrama karane ko kahA jAtA hai : " parizrama ke binA tuma / navanIta kA golA nigalo bhale hI, kabhI pacegA nahIM vaha/ pratyuta, jIvana ko khatarA hai / " (pR. 212 ) sabhI 'muktA uThAnevAloM kI svayameva burI dazA ho gaI / yahA~ taka ki rAjA ko anubhUta huA ki use kisI mantrazakti ne kIla diyA hai / itane meM vahA~ kumbhakAra bhI A gyaa| usake mukha para vismaya, viSAda aura virakti kI rekhAe~ khiMca giiN| vaha bhagavAn se prArthanA karane lagA : "jIvana kA muNDana na ho / sukha-zAnti kA maNDana ho / ina kI mUrcchA dUra ho bAharI bhI, bhItarI bhI / ina meM UrjA kA pUra ho|" (pR. 214) isake sAtha hI vaha mUrcchita mantrimaNDala ke mukha para mantrita jala kA siMcana karatA hai / jala ke prabhAva se mUrcchA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 345 samApta ho jAtI hai aura ve sabhI pApabhIru bana jAte haiM lekina kumbhakAra vinayAvanata ho rAjA se kaha uThatA hai : "aparAdha kSamya ho svAmin" tathA svayaM apane hAthoM se muktAoM ko boriyoM meM bharane lagatA hai / tabhI sabhI ke mukha se dhvani nikalatI hai : "satya dharma kI jaya ho,'satya dharma kI jaya ho|" santa mahAkavi ne binA puruSArtha se dhana saMgraha karane kA bahuta acchA rUpaka likhA hai / mahAkavi kahate haiM : "adhika artha kI cAha-dAha meM/jo dagdha ho gayA hai artha hI prANa, artha hI trANa yU~-jAna-mAna kara, artha meM hI mugdha ho gayA hai,/artha-nIti meM vaha vidagdha nahIM hai|/kli-kaal kI vaiSayika chA~va meM prAya: yahI sIkhA hai isa vizva ne/vaizyavRtti ke pariveza meM vezyAvRtti kI vaiyAvRtya!" (pR. 217) caturtha sarga - yaha mahAkAvya kA antima sarga hai| isa sarga kA zIrSaka hai- 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha / ' yaha sarga sabase bar3A sarga hai / isake do sarga bhI kie jA sakate the| vaise yaha sarga kathA pradhAna hai tathA bIca-bIca meM itanI avAntara kathAe~ A gaI haiM jisase yaha sarga akelA sarga na rahakara eka choTA kAvya bana gyaa| pUrva kathA se Age zilpI apane kacce ghar3e ko agni meM rakha detA hai / ghaTa ko agni parIkSA dene ke pazcAt kalaza kA rUpa milatA hai| kumbhakAra svayaM agni-parIkSA dene ko taiyAra hotA hai / isalie agni kaha uThatI hai : "maiM isa bAta ko mAnatI haiM ki/agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM/na hI bhaviSya meM milegii|" (pR. 275) svayaM kumbha bhI agni se usake doSoM ko jalAne ke lie kahatA hai : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai sva-para doSoM ko jalAnA/parama-dharma mAnA hai santoM ne|" (pR. 277) jalate hue avA~ meM kumbha pUrA dArzanika bana jAtA hai / tattva cintana banakara adhyAtma aura darzana kI gaharAiyoM meM utara jAtA hai aura donoM meM kArya kauna aura kAraNa kauna - isakI mImAMsA agni devatA se nimna prakAra sunane ko milatI "darzana kA srota mastaka hai,/svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai|/drshn ke binA adhyAtma-jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai/para, hA~ !/binA adhyAtma, darzana kA darzana nahIM laharoM ke binA saravara vaha/raha sakatA hai, rahatA hI hai/para hA~ ! binA saravara lahara nhiiN|/adhyaatm svAdhIna nayana hai darzana parAdhIna upanayana / " (pR. 288) Aja avA~ se kumbha sakuzala bAhara AyA hai| usake mukha para prasannatA hai muktaatmaa-sii| aba vaha kalaza kahalAne lagA - maMgala klsh| isake pazcAt kathA kA nayA mor3a prArambha hotA hai / kalaza ko kharIdane ke lie nagara seTha kA sevaka zilpI ke pAsa AtA hai, jisako dekhakara kumbha aura kumbhakAra donoM prasanna hote haiM / seTha kA sevaka jaba kumbha kA mUlya kumbhakAra
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________________ 346 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ko dene lagatA hai to kumbhakAra bola par3A : "Aja dAna kA dina hai / AdAna-pradAna lena-dena kA nahIM, samasta durdinoM kA nivAraka hai yaha / prazasta dinoM kA praveza-dvAra / " (pR. 307 ) isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki dAna kI pravRtti sabhI meM samAna rUpa se vidyamAna rahatI hai| zilpI ke pAsa dene ko kalaza hI thA, so usane mola ke binA hI de diyaa| seTha kA sevaka kumbha ko lekara calA jAtA hai| seTha ke ghara usa para svastika aMkita kiyA jAtA hai| hAtha meM lekara usake Upara zrIphala rakhakara use aSTa pahalUdAra candana kI caukI para seTha maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM rakha detA hai| isake pazcAt munizrI ke AhAra vidhi kI prakriyA prArambha hotI hai| mahAkavi svayaM santa haiM, AcArya haiM, ata: AhAra kI vidhi kA bahuta vistRta varNana karate haiN| eka-eka vidhi ko kAvya rUpa pradAna kara use sahaja gamya banA dete haiM / isake pazcAt aura bhI upakathAe~ AtI haiN| kumbha se svarNa kalaza evaM rajata kI thAlI kI IrSyA, kumbha para lAMchana lagAte hue saMvAda, AtaMkavAda dvArA seTha ko parivAra sahita samApta karane kI yojanA, seTha kA vahA~ se parivAra sahita kumbha ko lekara nikala jAnA, mArga meM hAthiyoM dvArA rakSA evaM unakI bhayaMkara garjanA, garjanA kA jaMgala ke anya viSaile jIvoM para prabhAva, pralaMyakArI varSA, nadI kA vega, nadI ko pAra karane ke lie kumbha kA sahArA, bha~vara kA prakopa, nadI se seTha ke parivAra ko Dubone kI prArthanA, aura bhI vibhinna upasarga, seTha ko chor3akara parivAra ke sadasyoM kA AtaMkavAda ke sAmane samarpaNa kI icchA, lekina nadI dvArA Atma samarpaNa kA virodha draSTavya hai : "nadI ne kahA turanta, / utAvalI mata karo ! / satya kA Atma-samarpaNa aura vaha bhI / asatya ke sAmane ? / he bhagavan ! / yaha kaisA kAla A gayA, kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ? / kyA satya zAsita hogA ?" (pR. 469 ) isI taraha aura bhI kathAnaka haiM / anta meM AtaMkavAda kA anta hotA hai aura hotA hai anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza / anta meM nadI ke usI taTa para kumbha kA Agamana hotA hai| seTha kA parivAra bhI nadI pAra utara jAtA hai| phira usa kumbha kumbhakAra kA abhivAdana usI sthAna para kiyA jahA~ vaha kumbhakAra mATI lene AyA thA / isa taraha mUka mATI kI mahAyAtrA pUrI hotI hai / aura mahAkAvya kI sukhAnta samApti huI / samIkSA : vartamAna zatI meM 'mUkamATI' kisI jainAcArya dvArA nibaddha hindI kA prathama mahAkAvya hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja isa kAvya ke nirmAtA haiM, jo parama santa haiM tathA sarvAdhika samAdRta digambara jainAcArya haiM / isIlie yaha kAvya aisI lekhanI se nibaddha hai jo svayaM pAvana hai tathA cintana-manana ke vicAroM se otaprota hai| kucha samIkSaka kaha sakate haiN| ki yadyapi saMskRta kAvya granthoM meM mahAkAvya hone ke jo lakSaNa likhe haiM, unameM se bahuta kama lakSaNa 'mUkamATI' meM milate haiN| sarga bhI kevala cAra haiM tathA chanda parivartana bhI prastuta mahAkAvya meM nahIM ho sakA hai| isake atirikta rasa evaM alaMkAroM kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' utanA saphala kAvya nahIM bana sakA hai| lekina 'mUkamATI' to eka AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya hai, ata: usameM saMskRta evaM hindI ke mahAkAvyoM ke lakSaNa kahA~ se mila sakate haiM ? mahAkAvya kI nAyikA mUka mATI hai, jisako zilpI dvArA nayA janma prApta hotA hai / usakI agni parIkSA hotI hai, jisameM vaha kharI utaratI hai / mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu to bahuta saMkSipta hai lekina dArzanika viSayoM kA varNana-pratipAdana itane sahaja DhaMga se huA hai ki darzana bhI kathA ke rUpa meM ho gayA hai| vaise yaha koI rAjA athavA zreSThI ke jIvana ko pratipAdita karane vAlA kAvya nahIM hai| yaha to pUre jaina tattva darzana ko ujAgara karane vAlA mahAkAvya hai jisakI eka-eka paMkti smaraNa karane yogya hai, manana karane yogya hai tathA jIvana meM utArane yogya bhI hai| isa prakAra ke mahAkAvya koI mahAsanta hI likha sakate haiM jinhoMne apane jIvana meM adhyAtma ko AtmasAt kara liyA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 347 mahAkAvya kI bhASA zuddha hindI hai tathA vaha itanI sarala evaM pravAhamaya hai ki mahAkAvya ko yadi manana pUrvaka par3hA jAe to phira chor3ane kA mana nahIM mAnatA / prArambha meM kucha aTapaTA avazya lagatA hai ki mahAkavi kyA kahanA cAhatA hai, lekina jaise-jaise use hama par3hate jAte haiM mahAkAvya kA sAra samajha meM Ane lagatA hai| mujhe svayaM mahAkAvya ko tIna bAra par3hanA pdd'aa| mahAkAvya meM subhASitoM kA khulakara prayoga huA hai / ve jIvana kI vAstavikatA ko ujAgara karane vAle haiN| isake atirikta AcAryazrI ne viloma zabdoM ke arthoM para vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| usase yaha mahAkAvya ke sAtha-sAtha koza grantha bhI bana gayA hai| mUlata: kannar3abhASI hote hue bhI hindI sAhitya ko aisA apUrva mahAkAvya dene ke lie sArA deza evaM vizeSataH hindI bhASAbhASI karor3oM jana AcAryazrI ke saikar3oM varSoM taka kRtajJa rheNge| AcAryazrI isI taraha kAvya sRjana karate raheM, isI maMgala bhAvanA ke sAtha unakA hama zata-zata abhinandana karate haiN| REA. rifiN Minor WWW pR. 331 lo, atidhikIalikhulapAtI hai ----- rasadAra yA lUkhA-sUkhA saba smaa| . . . A
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : yuga cetanA ke svara ajJAta viSamatAoM se AkrAnta samaya meM mahAkAvya kA likhA jAnA ati duSkara kArya hai, sAtha hI abhinandanIya bhI / kAraNa, mahAkAvya meM samasta jIvana bodha ko rUpAyita kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna sahaja hI prApta ho jAtA hai / 'mUkamATI meM jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM kA yathAyogya evaM sundara samAyojana huA hai jinake dvArA kava yuga svarUpa ko sambodhita kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' yuga cetanA ke svara kI prANa zakti hai| isameM laukika aura alaukika pakSoM kA sundara varNana kara kavi ne mAnavatA ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| isI uddezya, sandeza, prayojana meM kavi kI mahattA, hara kI dRSTi aura yuga kI tasvIra nirUpita huI hai| 'mUkamATI' meM laukika pakSa : laukika pakSa ke antargata karmakANDa, pUjA paddhati, Izvara ArAdhanA, vrata, niyama, parivAra, samAja, rAjanIti, dharma Adi kI vyAkhyA kara unake Adarza svarUpa ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| alaukika pakSa : alaukika pakSa meM zuddhi, sAttvikatA, AcAravAda, satya, ahiMsA, aparigraha, saMyama aura tapa Adi kI AvazyakatA para bala dekara unake svarUpoM ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| mAnava kA AbhUSaNa hai, inhIM karmoM ke phalasvarUpa manuSya apane vikAsa rUpa ko prApta hotA hai| satkarmoM meM nirata rahanA hI saccA karma hai / Aja isake viparIta pariNAmoM ke kAraNa loga satkarmoM se vimukha hokara mAtra karmakANDa meM hI lIna rahate haiM / aisI sthiti meM unheM vikRti hI hAtha lagatI aura manuSya patita rUpa / dazA ko prApta hotA jAtA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne karmakANDa ke isI svarUpa ko varNita kiyA hai : "usa pAvana patha para / dUba uga AI hai khUba ! / varSA ke kAraNa nahIM, cAritra se dUra raha kara / kevala kathanI meM karuNA rasa ghola dharmAmRta-varSA karane vAloM kI / bhIr3a ke kAraNa !" (pR. 151 - 152) satpatha para calatA huA manuSya kabhI bhI pIche mur3a kara nahIM dekhatA / vaha apane lakSya / uddezya kI prApti meM nirantara sAdhanA karatA huA Age bar3hatA rahatA hai -- saritA ke samAna, sAtha meM saMkalpa - niyama lekr| tabhI vaha uttuMga zikhara kA sparza kara pAtA hai / Aja AdamI vrata aura niyamoM kI avahelanA kara lakSya ko 'zArTakaTa' ke rUpa meM prApta karanA cAha rahA hai| yahI zArTakaTa usakI samasyAoM kA mUla kAraNa hai| vidyAsAgarajI ne vrata niyamoM kI avahelanA karane vAle AsthAvihIna mAnava kA citra khIMcA hai : "ye agni parIkSA nahIM de sakate aba, / koI pratijJA choTI-sI bhI meru- sI laga rahI hai inheM, / AsthA asta-vyasta sI ho gaI, bhAvI jIvana ke prati utsukatA nahIM - sI rhii|" (pR. 292) dharma mAnava jIvana ko jor3atA hai| Izvara kI ArAdhanA satata ekAgratA aura zraddhA, samarpaNa se hotI hai| aisI hI pUjA - bhakti zreyas dene vAlI hotI hai| sAttvika aura satkarmoM se pUrita AsthA aura vizvAsa se kI gaI prArthanA hI sArthaka hotI hai / Aja kI pUjA-paddhati meM sirpha svArthatA, lolupatA aura saMkIrNatA A gaI hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne patha bhramita pUjA-paddhati kA pracAra karane vAloM kA citra citrita kiyA hai : " Aja zvAsa - zvAsa para / vizvAsa kA zvAsa ghuTatA - sA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 349 dekhA jA rahA hai| pratyakSa !/aura suno !/bAharI likhAvaTa-sI bhItarI likhAvaTa/mAla mila jAye,/phira kahanA hI kyA !/yahA~" to.. 'mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churI'/bagulAI chalatI hai|" (pR. 72) Aja vikRtiyA~ jIvana ke hara kSetra meM praviSTa ho gaI haiN| usakA mUlabhUta kAraNa dharma kA vAstavika rUpa chor3a dene, na samajhane se hai| mAnava kI avanati kA kAraNa dharma kI avajJA karanA hai tathA kathanI aura karanI meM antara kA honA bhI hai| dharma ke nAma para sampradAyavAda kI nIMva taiyAra karane vAloM ke kAraNa hI arAjakatA bar3hatI calI jA rahI hai| AcAryazrI ne kavitA ke mAdhyama se dharma kI vikRta dazA kA khedamaya varNana prastuta kiyA hai : "kahA~ taka kaheM aba!/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra, zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara pAkara |/aur/prbhu-stuti meM tatpara surIlI bA~surI bhI/bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai/prabhu-patha para calane vAloM ko| samaya kI balihArI hai !" (pR. 73) dharma, mAnava jIvana ke unnayana kA AdhAra hai / lekina bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM dharma ko 'aphIma'kahane vAloM tathA dharma kI Ar3a meM coTa karane vAloM kI vajaha se hI jIvana ke vibhinna staroM meM girAvaTa AI hai| Aja dharma mAtra pradarzana kI vastu raha gayA/jAtA hai aura sAMskRtika mUlya khote cale jA rahe haiN| aisI paristhitiyoM meM samAja kA svarUpa kyA hogA ? AcAryazrI ne usI rUpa ko hamAre sammukha rakhA hai : "hAya re !/samagra saMsAra-sRSTi meM/aba ziSTatA kahA~ hai vaha ? avaziSTatA duSTatA kI rahI mAtra !" (pR. 212) isa duSTatA kA kAraNa mAnava kI mohI aura lobhI pravRttiyA~ hI haiM, jo use satkArya karane se dUra haTAtI haiN| phalasvarUpa isI dhana-saMgraha kI ghRNita lAlasA ne mAnava ko mAnava se dUra kara diyA hai aura sabhI rizte-nAte, saMvedanAe~ bhI khokhalI-sI ho cukI haiN| AcAryazrI ne dhana-lolupatA naSTa kara AtmIya aura jana-kalyANa ke lie satata prayatnazIla rahane kA mArga batalAyA hai| sAtha hI jana-saMgraha ke lie dhana nIti kA virodha kiyA hai : "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho aMdhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa kro|" (pR. 467) yaha vitaraNa kA siddhAnta hI mAnava ko pUrNa svAyattatA aura vikAsa de sakatA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne rAjanItigata sandarbho meM rAjasattA ko kA~ToM kI zaiyA kahA hai / vaha mAtra phUloM kI seja nahIM hai / zAsaka tabhI una ghoSita nAroM ko yathArtha rUpa de sakate haiM, jaba ve svayaM unakA usI rUpa meM hI upayoga kreN| pracAra-prasAra ke cakkaroM se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAroM vAlA jIvana hI samAjavAda kI paridhi meM AtA hai / lekina Aja aisA kahA~ dRSTigocara hotA/ho pA rahA hai ? bhoga-vilAsa aura sattA mada meM DUbe zAsaka samAjavAda ke nAma para kyA kara rahe haiM - usI tathya kI spaSTa vivecanA vidyAsAgarajI ne kI hai : "svAgata merA ho/manamohaka vilAsitAyeM/mujhe mileM acchI vastue~aisI tAmasatA bharI dhAraNA hai tumhArI,/phira bhalA batA do hameM,
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________________ 350 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA AsthA kahA~ hai samAjavAda meM tumhArI ?/sabase Age maiM/samAja bAda meM !" (pR. 460) ina vikRtiyoM, samasyAoM ke kAraNa hI sAre mAnava samudAya meM duHkha aura klAnti,vinAza aura vidhvaMsa ke bAdala ma~DarA rahe haiN| eka vyakti dUsare vyakti kA duzmana ho rahA hai / AcAra-vicAra, AhAra-vihAra sabhI kucha dUSita hotA jA rahA hai| ina vidrUpatAoM se nipaTane ke lie mAnava mAtra hI uttaradAyI hogaa| vaha jaisA karegA, vaisA hI bhregaa| ataeva jIvanotthAna ke lie, sukha-zAnti ke lie AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne una AdarzoM para bala diyA hai jo samasta mAnava jAti meM saMjIvanI kI taraha amaratva lAte haiN| AcAravAditA - 'mUkamATI' meM AdhyAtmika pakSa : moha-mAyA kA prapaMca bar3A hI prabala hotA hai / isake prabhAva se prabhAvita hue bagaira koI bhI nahIM raha sktaa| phira bhI mAnava ko cAhie ki vaha sAttvika jIvana vyatIta kare, kyoMki prapaMcamaya jIvana kabhI bhI zAnti pradAna nahIM kara sakatA / viSaya aura kaSAyeM jIvana kA sarvanAza kara detI haiN| unakA bahAva itanA tIvratama hotA hai ki apane Apako roka pAnA atyadhika kaThina hai / AcAryazrI ne mAnava jagat ko isa bahAva meM na bahane kI bAta batalAI hai : _ "apane jIvana-kAla meM/chalI machaliyoM-sI/chalI nahIM bananA viSayoM kI laharoM meM/bhUla kara bhI/mata calI bananA !" (pR. 87) parigraha kA prabhAva samakAlIna samaya meM dinoMdina bar3hatA hI calA jA rahA hai| saMgraha kI yaha pravRtti antahIna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise hama lobha kI pravRtti bhI kaha sakate haiN| yaha pravRtti mAnava jAti meM hI jyAdAtara dekhane ko milatI hai, itara prANiyoM meM nhiiN| isakA mUla kAraNa mAnava kA mana hI hai jo use isa ora pravatta kara rahA hai| isIlie isa dharitrI ke prANiyoM meM sarvAdhika khataranAka prANI bhI mAnava hI hai| IzvarIya, prabhu, bhagavat sattA sarvamAnya satya hai| isa satya ko kadApi nahIM jhuThalAyA jA sktaa| hA~, bahalAyA avazya jA sakatA hai / ata: mAnava ko cAhie ki vaha isa sattA ke anusAra hI jIvana ko svatantra rUpa se calane deM, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kI TokA-TAkI na kare, kyoMki aneka prakAra ke pralobhana jahA~ jIvana ko durAgrahI banAte haiM, vahIM usakI vAstavikatA bhI lagabhaga samAptaprAya ho jAtI hai : . "mAnava ke sivA/itara prANi-gaNa/apane jIvana-kAla meM parigraha kA saMgraha karate bhI kaba ?" (pR. 386) "sUkhA pralobhana mata diyA karo/svAzrita jIvana jiyA karo, kapaTatA kI paTutA ko/jalAMjali do !" (pR. 387) samakAlIna samaya meM ekatA kI AvazyakatA hai, sAtha hI saMgaThita hone kI AvazyakatA bhI hai| tabhI hama pratyeka cunautiyoM kA DaTakara mukAbalA kara skeNge| rAjanaitika sthitiyA~ dinoMdina bhayAvaha hotI jA rahI haiM / svArtha ke kAraNa madAndha par3osI deza, hamAre deza ke bhU-bhAga ko har3apane kA dussAhasa karane kA vicAra kara rahe haiM / yaha azubha saMketa hai| isase bacane ke lie dhana-saMgraha kama, kintu jana-saMgraha kI mUlabhUta AvazyakatA hai| aba samaya A gayA hai jaba hameM dhana ke lobha kA parityAga karanA caahie| dhana ko bA~Takara aisI cIja arjita karanA cAhie jo hameM aura hamAre rASTra donoM ke lie zubhaprada ho|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 351 mAnavIya svabhAva ahaM ke parityAga kA nahIM hai / vaha pratyeka sthiti meM ise sampoSita kara rakhanA hI cAhatA hai| yahI vajaha hai ki jaba isa ahaM ko kabhI bhI jAne-anajAne coTa pahu~catI hai to phira isase jo cinagArI utpanna hotI hai usakA svarUpa pratizodhAtmaka huA karatA hai| pratizodha nirantara azAnti ko bar3hAkara jIvana ke amana-caina ko samApta kara detA hai / hameM cAhie ki hama ise (ahaM ko) tyAga deM, nahIM to zubha/sukha kI prApti sambhava nahIM : "mAna ko TIsa pahu~cane se hI,/AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai / ati-poSaNa yA ati-zoSaNa kA bhI/yahI pariNAma hotA hai, taba/jIvana kA lakSya banatA hai, zodha nahIM,/badale kA bhAva pratizodha ! jo ki/mahA-ajJAnatA hai, dUradarzitA kA abhAva para ke lie nahIM,/apane lie bhI ghAtaka !" (pR. 418) sama-sAmayika samaya kRtajJatA kI apekSA kRtaghnatA kA jyAdA hai| svArtha meM vyakti itanA lipta ho gayA hai ki vyakti kA dhyeya kevala kAryasiddhi para hI TikA rahatA hai / isIlie kAryasiddhi ke uparAnta siddhi ke sAdhana ke prati kRtajJatA ko jJApita karanA vyakti ucita hI nahIM samajhatA / jabaki yahI usakA sabase bar3A durguNa hai jo use jIvana meM paga-paga para aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karane ke lie bAdhya karatA hai / yaha pravRtti pAzcAtya dezoM meM prAyaH kama hI dekhane ko milatI hai| yahI vajaha hai ki vahA~ para 'baiMksa' (Thanks) kA pracalana sarvAdhika hai / isa choTe se zabda meM bhAvanA kI jo niSThA vidyamAna hai vaha niHsandeha prabala hai aura jo kisI bhI kAryasiddhi kI pUraka bana sakatI hai : "guNoM meM guNa kRtajJatA hai,/...jisa sajjana ko yaha milatI hai vaha agAdha jala meM bhI/abAdha patha pA jAtA hai|" (pR. 454) isa nazvara saMsAra meM prANImAtra ko nazvaratA kA ehasAsa honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| tabhI moha kA tyAga sambhava hai, anyathA nhiiN| moha kA prAbalya itanA adhika hotA hai ki prANiyoM kI jAgRti/hoza bhI havA meM guma ho jAtA hai| hoza kA guma ho jAnA vyakti ke patana kI nizAnI hai| isase vyakti prAyaH anabhijJa hI rahanA cAhatA hai| parantu isa anabhijJatA kA pariNAma azubha hai, ataeva samaya se pUrva hI ceta jAnA Avazyaka hai : "rassI ko sarpa samajha kara/viSayoM se hIna hotA hai to kabhI sarpa ko rassI samajha kara/viSayoM meM lIna hotA hai| yaha saba moha kI mahimA hai/isa mahimA kA anta/taba taka ho nahIM sakatA svabhAva kI anabhijJatA/jIvita rahegI jaba tk|" (pR. 462) kavi sarvAdhika saMvedanazIla prANI hotA hai| vaha saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI kI maMgala kAmanA karatA hai / isa kAmanA meM parivAra, samAja aura deza sabhI kA hita chipA rahatA hai / vaha (kavi) hiMsA ke sthAna para ahiMsA, pApa ke sthAna para puNya/prazastatA, viSAda ke sthAna para harSa aura du:kha ke sthAna para sukha kI kAmanA sadaiva hI karatA hai / yahI bhAva usake 'udAra hRdaya' aura 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI pravRtti kI ora iMgita karate haiM : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva / " (pR. 478)
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________________ 352 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAMsArika bandhana hI mAnava mAtra ko kaSTa dilAne ke lie sabase jaTila/prabala kAraNa haiM / bandhanoM kI zithilatA jIvana ke sukha kA paryAya hai aura inakA TUTa jAnA hI mukti kA upAya hai / inake TUTane kI preraNA pradAna karanA hI 'mUkamATI' kA sandeza hai aura jIvana ko sukhamaya banAne kI preraNA denA hI isa kRti kA prayojana hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai |/isii kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai|" (pR.486) uddezya : 'mUkamATI' meM laukika evaM alaukika pakSoM kA varNana karate hue kavi ne mahat uddezya kI prApti ke lie svayaM hI 'mAnasa taraGga' meM udghoSita kiyA hai : "jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA tathA yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai...tathA nUtana-zodha-praNAlI ko Alocana ke miSa locana denA hai|" isake sAtha hI sAtha vizvabandhutva-bhAvanA kA vikAsa, dayA aura ahiMsA kI sthApanA,jIvana ko gauravAnvita karane vAlI bhAvanAoM kA udAttIkaraNa bhI isa 'mUkamATI' meM huA hai| isa para ArUr3ha ho, unheM dhAraNa kara mAnava, mahAmAnava jaise pada ko dhAraNa/prApta kara sakatA hai / 'mUkamATI' kA uddezya zuSka aura nIrasa hRdayoM meM zuddha evaM sAttvika karma-dharma kI pravRttiyoM kA pravAha karanA hai / jo satata AsthA, vizvAsa, anuzAsana, samarpaNa, samatA aura zIla Adi ke dhAraNapAlana se hI sambhava hai / ata: nizcita hI 'mUkamATI' bhAratIya puruSArthoM- dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kA nirUpaNa karatI huI mokSa prApti kA lakSya sAdhatI hai tathA usI kI prApti meM satata nirata rahatI, rahane kA sandeza detI hai| isI lakSya kI prApti ke lie kRtikAra sampUrNa sRSTi ke prati apane uddezya kI bhAvanA bhAte haiM : "yahA~"saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla/vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR.478) sandeza aura prayojana : prANImAtra ke jIvana meM mahat uddezyoM kI prApti, pUrti hetu 'mUkamATI' kAra ne mAnavatAvAdI jIvana mUlyoM kI manorama vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai tathA vedanA ko cira sukha meM badalane kI prabhu se prArthanA bhI kI hai| vaha sampUrNa vizva ke tAmasa ko apane meM bhara lenA cAhate haiM aura pratiphalasvarUpa sRSTi meM samatA pravAhita kara denA cAhate haiN| vizva prema ko sthApita karate hue unhoMne apanA sandeza mukharita kiyA hai : "sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI!" (pR. 105) aura sampUrNa sRSTi meM mAnava dharma kI sthApanA karane hetu unhoMne spaSTa kiyA hai : "divi meM, bhU meM/bhUgarbho meM/jiyA-dharma kI dayA-dharma kI/prabhAvanA ho"! (pR. 77-78) kavi kA sandeza pIr3ita aura vyAkula saMsAra meM sukha aura samRddhi kI saritA pravAhita karatA hai / isake lie unhoMne 'sva' aura 'para' ko samajhane kA anokhA sandeza diyA hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM vyaMgya-vinoda DaoN. bAlendu zekhara tivArI zailI aura vacana bhaMgimA ke rUpa meM vyaMgya kI carcA hara kAlakhaNDa kI, hara vidhA kI, hara racanA ke sandarbha meM hotI rahI hai| sRjana ke stara para anubhava ko sAkAra karane ke vibhinna pratirUpoM meM se eka vyaMgyazailI bhI hai, jisameM jIvana kI visaMgatiyoM tathA mithyAcAroM ko eka viziSTa aMdAz2a meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / vyaMgya kA yaha viziSTa aMdAz2a anubhava, zilpa, bhASA, sampreSaNa sabhI staroM para sAmAnya sRjana se bhinna hotA hai / vyaMgyazailI anubhava aura adhyayana, prahAra aura nirIkSaNa, abhivyakti aura prayoga Adi kI sAvadhAna aura beparavAha, lAkSaNika aura bodhagamya, AkarSaka aura prabhAvazAlI abhivyaMjanA hai / vyaMgya sarjanA ke samAnAntara racanAkAra hAsya-vinoda kI prastuti kI dizA meM bhI satata sakriya rahe haiN| hAsya kA vyAvahArika aura sAhityika anubhava sahaja hI Anandamaya hotA hai| apanI manoraMjanadharmI vinodavRtti ke kAraNa hAsya kI sArvabhauma aura vyApaka prAsaMgikatA se bhalA kise inakAra ho sakatA hai| samasta rAgadveSoM se asampRkta hAsyavinoda kI bhAvanA komala aura nipaTa manoraMjanakArI hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vyaMgya - vinoda kA prasAra garIba kI jhopar3I se lekara rAjaprAsAdoM taka, zRMgAra se lekara bhakti taka hai| saMsAra kI hara bhASA kA sAhityika phalaka hAsya aura vyaMgya ke sahaja saMyojana se anuprANita hai / ghora dArzanika aura vaicArika racanAe~ bhI isake prabhAva kSetra meM haiM, jaise AcArya vidyAsAgara kI kAvyakRti 'mUkamATI' / isa zreSTha mahAkAvya kI saghana AdhyAtmika - dArzanika vicAra-sampadA ke bIca vyaMgya aura vinoda ke katipaya prasaMgoM aura phuhAroM ne isa kAvyakRti ko atirikta AkarSaNa pradAna kiyA hai / hAsya aura vyaMgya kA apArampika samAyojana kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara kI zabdasRSTi kI eka vilakSaNatA hai / bhale hI hAsya aura vyaMgya ke bAre meM unakI nijI sthApanAe~ cintana kI dArzanika gambhIratA se AvRtta haiM para unake mahAkAvya meM Ae vyaMgya-vinoda ke avasara prahAra aura sarasatA ke saMkalpa kI hI siddhi karate haiM / AcAryapravara ne hAsya kA niSedha una sAre logoM ke lie kiyA hai jo apane bhItara AdhyAtmika veda-bhAva kA vikAsa karanA cAhate haiM aura sthitaprajJa hote haiM / apanI isa hAsyadhAraNA ko unhoMne zilpI ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai : "khedada-bhAva ke vinAza hetu / hAsya kA rAga Avazyaka bhale hI ho kintu veda-bhAva ke vikAsa hetu, / hAsya kA tyAga anivArya hai hAsya bhI kaSAya hai nA ! / ha~sana - zIla / prAya: utAvalA hotA hai kAryAkArya kA viveka / gambhIratA dhIratA kahA~ usameM ? bAlaka-sama bAvalA hotA hai vaha / tabhI to ! / sthitaprajJa ha~sate kahA~ ?" moha-mAyA ke jAla meM / Atma-vijJa pha~sate kahA~ ?" (pR. 133 - 134) apanI isa ucca dArzanika cintana zilA para avasthita vaicArikatA ke kAraNa hI unhoMne hAsyakaviyoM ke sabase purAne aura priya avalambana kI bhI naI vyAkhyA kI hai / amIra khusaro se lekara Aja taka kI hindI kavitA meM gadahA hAsya ra kA lokapriya Alambana hai / 'mUkamATI' kA 'gadahA' bhagavAn se prArthanA karatA hai: : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho ! / yAnI / gada kA artha hai roga
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________________ 354 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hA kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA baneM / 'basa aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada"hA"gadahA"!" (pR. 40) gadahe kA yaha dArzanika zabda anvaya kahIM se usakI paramparAgata hAsya vyAkhyA ke mela meM nahIM hai / lekina, jahA~ AcArya vidyAsAgara usakI kAryasakriyatA kA z2ikra karate haiM, vahA~ hAsya anAyAsa hI AhUta ho gayA hai : "usakA apanA sAthI-sahayogI/AhUta huA/avaitanika gdhaa|"(pR. 34) yahA~ gadahe ke sAtha jur3A vizeSaNa 'avaitanika' hAsya kI smita rekhA ubhArane ke lie paryApta hai / yaha ThIka vaisA hI vizeSaNa vidhAna hai, jaisA kabhI ajJeya ne ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA thA : "mUtrasiMcita mRttikA ke vRtta meM/tIna TAMgoM para khar3A natagrIva dhairyadhana gdhaa|" (ityalam, pR. 166) isa dhairyadhana gadahe se 'mUkamATI' meM Ae 'avaitanika gadahe' kI vyaMjanA vinoda ke stara para kama prabhAvazAlI nahIM hai| lekina, aise hAsya kI apekSA sudhArAkAMkSI vyaMgya AcArya vidyAsAgara ke adhika anukUla hai / isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki dharma, cintana aura upAsanA ke kSetra meM apanI viziSTatA pramANita karate hue bhI unhoMne pariveza ke saca ke prati apanI A~khoM ko lagAtAra khulA rakhA hai| pariNAmata: samAja, saMskRti, rAjanIti aura jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM Ae vibhinna skhalanoM se ve aparicita nahIM haiN| unakI svAbhAvika cintA hai ki sAre sanAtana aura zAzvata mUlya apanA artha khone lage haiN| dharma kI adhogati ke sandarbha meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ne kAlacakra kI isa visaMgati para sIdhA prahAra kiyA hai : "kahA~ taka kaheM aba !/dharma kA jhaNDA bhI/DaNDA bana jAtA hai zAstra zastra bana jAtA hai/avasara pAkara |/aur/prbhu-stuti meM tatpara surIlI bA~surI bhI/bA~sa bana pITa sakatI hai/prabhu-patha para calanevAloM ko samaya kI balihArI hai !" (pR. 73) samaya itanA badala gayA hai ki kathanI aura karanI, likhita aura kathita, dRSTi aura karma meM paryApta antarAla hai| dAnavattA aba dAnavatA meM badala gaI hai, bhArata pUrI taraha mahAbhArata bana gayA hai| parivartana kI isa pravRtti ke sandarbha meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ne 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ke sUtra kI naI, yugAnurUpa vyAkhyA kI hai : " "vasudhaiva kuttumbkm"| isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana-dravya/dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA/Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai/ghana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kaa|" (pR. 82) bhautikatA ke prasAra ke kAraNa hI samAja ke sAre Adarza aura mUlya badala gae haiN| kavi ne maujUdA gaNatantra kA nayA mUlyAMkana isI Aloka meM kiyA hai : "ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 355 pariveza kI anaginata asaMgatiyoM aura skhalanoM para AcArya vidyAsAgara kI nigAha gaI hai| una logoM para vyaMgya unhoMne kiyA hai, jo sadA kalaha-vyasta rahate haiM : O O "" "raha-raha kara kalaha / karate hI rahate haiM ye, binA kalaha bhojana pacatA hI nahIM inheM !" (pR. 228) vastuta: 'mUkamATI' kA phalaka itanA vistRta hai ki isa mahAkAvya meM anAyAsa hI hamAre vAtAvaraNa kI asaMkhya khUbiyA~ aura qhAmiyA~ sAkAra ho gaI haiN| vyaMgyAzrita saMvAda isa mahAkAvya meM kaI haiM, lekina kavi kI vyaMgyabhASA zabda camatkAra meM adhika bhAsvara huI hai| vastuta: bodha ke siMcana se AcArya vidyAsAgara kI kAvyabhASA meM zabdoM ke paudhe lahalahAte haiN| zabdoM kI gahana sAdhanA unhoMne kI hai, pariNAmata: vyaMgya bhASA ke anurUpa zabdavakratA unameM lagAtAra upalabdha hai / vIra aura avIra, marahama aura mara - hama jaise zabdayugma to samUce mahAkAvya meM bikhare hue haiM / zabdacamatkAra se upajI arthachavi aura vyaMgyAtmakatA eka sAtha prabhAvita karatI hai, jaise : O O 64 'kama balavAle hI / kambalavAle hote haiM / " (pR. 92 ) 64 'vetana vAle vatana kI ora / kama dhyAna de pAte haiM / " (pR. 123) 66 'burA bhI / bUrA - sA lagA hai sadA / " (pR. 83) 66 'caraNa ko chor3akara / kahIM anyatra kabhI bhI cara na ! cara na !! cara na !!!" (pR. 359) 'mUkamATI' meM AnuprAsika tathA zabda artha vicchitti ke agaNita prayoga bikhare hue haiN| ina sabane milakara kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara kI vyaMgya - vinodI kAvyadRSTi ko rekhAMkita hI kiyA hai| bhale hI hAsya aura vyaMgya unakI udAtta aura virAT dArzanika-AdhyAtmika cintanadhArA ke mela meM nahIM hai, lekina 'mUkamATI' meM avasara pAte hI unakI kavisulabha cetanA ne vyaMgya - vinoda kA Ayojana kara hI DAlA hai / 00 pR. 11 itanA hI nahIM, niraMtara abhyAsa ke bhI skhalana sambhava hai: bAda O
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________________ hindI sAhitya meM eka naI kar3I jor3ane vAlA mahAkAvya : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. rAma kizora zarmA bhAratIya saMskRti aura vAGmaya meM jaina dharma, darzana tathA sAhitya kA apratima sthAna hai| jaba dharma ke kSetra meM bali kI vedI para pazuoM ke rakta kI phuhAreM hI Aga kI lapaToM kI taraha phUTane lagIM tathA prakRti aura mAnava jIvana kA santulana TUTane lagA to jaina dharma ne ahiMsA aura karuNA kA pakSa lekara prANi mAtra ko abhayadAna karane vAle prANI dharma kI pratiSThA kI pahala kI / isa dharma ne yugIna pariprekSya meM janAkAMkSA ke anukUla dharma ko nayA sandarbha tathA nayA artha diyA / jaina tIrthaMkaroM, muniyoM tathA cintakoM ne apane matoM, vicAroM aura siddhAntoM ko janabhASA meM abhivyakti dekara janabhASA ko saMskRti kI saMvAhikA banAne kA yatna kiyA / bhASA tathA boliyoM ke parivartana ko svIkAra karate hue samaya-samaya para prAcIna siddhAntoM ko naI tathA vikasita bhASA meM sajAyA gyaa| aneka loka kAvya rUpoM tathA chandoM meM dharma ke nigUr3ha bhAvoM ko DhAlakara janamAnasa meM use sarasatA se sampreSita karane kI kalA bhI unake pAsa thI / prAkRta, apabhraMza, purAnI hindI, braja Adi se hotI huI jaina kAvyadhArA khar3I bolI meM bhI zuSka nahIM huI hai / yadyapi idhara lagabhaga eka zatAbdI se janabhASAoM meM nibaddha jaina sAhitya kI khoja, anuzIlana tathA mUlyAMkana kA hI daura calA hai kintu pUjyapAda AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ke prakAzana ke bAda yaha nirvivAda rUpa se sAbita ho gayA ki jaina racanAkAroM kI maulika sRjanazIlatA aba bhI jIvanta aura sazakta hai / meM jisa yuga meM kAvya kI saMvedanA mAnavIya bhAvoM yA mAnava ke sukha-duHkha ke saMgharSoM taka sImita thI, usI yuga jaina kaviyoM ne mAnavetara jagat ke kArya vyApAroM tathA anya prANiyoM kI saMvedanAoM ko bhI apane kAvya meM ujAgara karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA / Adhunika jIvana meM aneka aisI samasyAe~ paidA ho gaI haiM jinakI girafta meM Akara mAnava jIvana hI saMkaTagrasta ho gayA hai / umar3atI huI vizAla janasaMkhyA bharaNa-poSaNa ke lie prakRti kA zoSaNa hI nahIM, vinAza kiyA jA rahA hai| paryAvaraNa kI ghanaghora samasyA utpanna ho gaI hai| saMgharSa, tanAva, kuNThA se grasta mAnava eka dUsare ke khUna kA pyAsA banA huA hai / mAnava kI rakta pipAsA ke mUla meM usakI ghora ahaMkAra vRtti hai| sAre saMgharSoM ke bIca meM mukhya rUpa se 'maiM bar3A ki tU' kA hI prazna kI chAyA kI taraha vyApta hai / vinaya kI parAkASThA, jisameM vyakti apanI mahAnatA meM laghutA kA bodha karatA hai, Adhunika samAja meM pUrI taraha se lupta ho gaI hai| IzvarIya gurutA kA bodha tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba manuSya ko apanI laghutA kA bodha ho / yaha laghutA bodha use sampUrNa prakRti jIvana se jur3ane tathA apanI zakti ke unnayana tathA doSoM ke pariSkAra kI preraNA detA hai| use ahaMkArazUnya bhI banAtA hai| mATI ke mAdhyama se kahatA hai : "tUne jo/apane Apako / patita jAnA hai / laghu-tama mAnA hai . tUne / nizcita rUpa se / prabhu ko, / guru-tama ko / pahacAnA hai !" (pR. 9) .... Adhunika jIvana kI aneka samasyAoM para divyadRSTi se vicAra prastuta karane kI dizA meM eka maulika mahAkAvyAtmaka pariNati hai 'mUkamATI', jo kathAnaka cayana evaM niyojana ke kSetra meM krAntikArI qadama hai / kisI pracalita kathA ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya likhane kI paripATI ko nakAra kara eka akiMcana, nirIha, pada dalita 'mATI' ko mahAkAvyocita garimA se sampRkta karane kA sAhasa vidyAsAgara jaisA sAdhaka kavi kara sakatA hai| vartamAna yuga pada dalitoM ke jAgane evaM uThane kA yuga hai| unheM dabAne evaM unake zoSaNa se zAsana tantra kA sukha bhogane kA yuga samApta ho
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 357 gayA hai / pada dalitoM kI saMgharSa cetanA evaM sphUrti ko pahacAnanA tathA pratiSThita karanA hI samakAlIna kavitA kI yathArtha dRSTi hai| isa yathArthabodha se rahita kavitA yugabodha se kaTakara samApta ho sakatI hai| munijI ne samakAlIna kavitA ke mUla dharma ko yuga AkAMkSA ke pariprekSya meM pahacAnA aura parakhA hai / isalie unhoMne 'mATI' ko mahAkAvya kI nAyikA banA diyA hai, jo apanI gahana evaM vistRta artha vyaMjanA meM sampUrNa pada dalita, upekSita janasamAja kI mahattA bodha kA pratIka bana gaI hai / mahApuruSoM kA carita svayaM hI mahAkAvya hotA hai, isalie usa para mahAkAvya racanA sahaja sambhAvya hai / muni vidyAsAgarajI ne sahaja sambhAvyatA kA parityAga karake kalpanA prasUta kathA ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai| saritA taTa kI miTTI ko kumbhakAra khodakara use usakI varNa saMkaratA se mukta karake kue~ se jala khIMcakara, miTTI ko jala mizrita karake ghar3e kA AkAra detA hai| kavi ne dharatI aura sAgara ke sambandhoM ko bhI nae DhaMga se samajhane aura samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| mahAkAvya ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| pahale khaNDa kA nAmakaraNa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' kiyA gayA hai| prakRti citraNa ke sAtha hI mahAkAvya ke prathama khaNDa kA udghATana hotA hai : . "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI, aura"/idhara'nIce/nirI nIravatA chaaii|" (pR. 1) sUryodaya ke jAgaraNa kAla meM saMkocazIlA, lAjavatI saritA taTa kI mATI, dharatI mA~ ke Age apanA hRdaya kholatI hai aura apane patita jIvana se mukta hone kI AkAMkSA vyakta karatI hai| dharatI mA~ use zAzvata sattA kA rahasya samajhAtI evaM saMgati tathA satya-asatya kA bodha karAtI hai / vaha kahatI hai patita jIvana se mukta hone ke lie : "sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM/svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa !" (pR. 10) sAdhanA kA yaha mUla mantra Adhunika pIr3hI se jur3e una tamAma navajavAnoM ke lie hai, jo sAdhanA mArga para pravRtta hote haiM kintu thor3I-sI phisalana se ghabar3A jAte haiM : "prAthamika dazA meM/sAdhanA ke kSetra meM skhalana kI sambhAvanA/pUrI banI rahatI hai, beTA !/...isIlie suno ! AyAsa se DaranA nahIM/Alasya karanA nahIM !" (pR. 11) dUsare khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI meM zilpI ke dvArA chanA huA nirmala jala milAne kA citraNa hai| manISI kavi ne isI khaNDa meM bodha aura zodha kI sUkSma mImAMsA kI hai| usakI dRr3ha dhAraNA hai: "bodha ke siMcana binA/zabdoM ke paudhe ye kabhI lahalahAte nahIM, .....bodha kA phUla jaba/DhalatA-badalatA, jisameM vaha pakva phala hI to/zodha kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 106-107) dUsare khaNDa meM hI saMgIta, sAhitya, zabda zakti tathA rasoM ke viSaya meM nUtana vicAra prastuta kie gae haiN| kavi kA kathana "saMgIta use mAnatA hU~/jo saMgAtIta hotA hai/aura/prIti use mAnatA hU~
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________________ 358 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jo aMgAtIta hotI hai/merA saMgI saMgIta hai/sapta-svaroM se atIta..!" (pR.144-145) zRMgAra rasa ke nirUpaNa meM kavi kI santa dRSTi pradhAna ho uThI hai / isIlie to use pratIta hotA hai : "zRMgAra ke raMga-raMga ye/aMgAra-zIla haiM,/yuga jalatA jA rahA hai / " (pR.145) nArI ke kAminI rUpa kI nindA madhyakAlIna hindI ke bhakta kaviyoM meM bhI milatI hai / aihika kAvya meM zRMgAra ke daihika Alambana kI vyApti ko munijI ne asvIkAra kiyA hai| vizuddha prema to dehAtIta hotA hai, vahI sAdhya bhI hai / karuNA aura zAnta rasa kI bhI vivecanA bar3I sArthaka tathA vicArottejaka hai / karuNA nahara kI taraha hai aura zAnta rasa nadI kI taraha / nahara kheta meM jAtI hai, dAha miTAkara sUkha jAtI hai kintu nadI, sAgara meM jAkara rAha ko miTAkara sukha pAtI hai| Age kavi kahatA hai: "karuNA tarala hai, bahatI hai/para se prabhAvita hotI jhtt-sii| zAnta-rasa kisI bahAva meM/bahatA nahIM kabhI jamAnA palaTane para bhI/jamA rahatA hai apane sthAna pr|" (pR. 156-157) karuNa rasa jIvana kA prANa hai, vAtsalya jIvana kA trANa hai aura zAnta rasa jIvana kA gAna hai / jaina sAhitya meM zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA kyoM hai, isakA samucita uttara pAne ke lie 'mUkamATI' kA pArAyaNa apekSita hai / AcArya kavi eka-eka sthiti, eka-eka prakriyA, eka-eka yantra ko jA~cate, parakhate hue aura usameM nihita jIvana ke sandeza ko udghATita aura vyAkhyAyita karate hue Age bar3hatA hai| kulAla cakra ke viSaya meM usakI ukti anupama evaM anUThI hai : "kulAla-cakra yaha, vaha sAna hai/jisa para jIvana car3hakara anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai / " (pR.162) antata: zilpI usakI khoTa ko coTa dekara kumbha ke AkAra meM use utthApita kara detA hai / phira usa kumbha para kucha saMkhyAoM, citroM aura kavitAoM kA sRjana kiyA gayA, jisakA abhiprAya vistAra se aMkita hotA hai / isI krama meM tathAkathita sAmyavAdI udghoSaNAoM se alaga tattvAnveSI dRSTi se kavi mAnava mAtra kI ekatA evaM samatA kA bIja mantra aMkita karatA hai : "hama hI saba kucha haiM/yU~ kahatA hai 'hI' sadA,/tuma to tuccha, kucha nahIM ho ! aura,/'bhI' kA kahanA hai ki/hama bhI haiM/tuma bhI ho/saba kucha !" (pR. 172-173) 'hI' pazcimI sabhyatA hai / lokatantra kI surakSA bhI' meM hai| mahAkAvya ke tIsare khaNDa kA nAmAMkana kiyA gayA hai 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' / isa khaNDa ke Arambha meM dharA aura samudra ke sambandhoM ke AdhAra para zoSaNa kI jar3atA ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| nyAya, rizvatakhorI, svArthapriyatA, saMgharSa Adi samasyAoM kA isa khaNDa meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne 'nArI' kI ekadama naI vyAkhyA dI hai : " "na ari' naarii"|" (pR. 202)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 359 jaina Agama granthoM meM nArI ke prati prAyaH nakArAtmaka dRSTi hI milatI hai| prAcIna sAmantI vyavasthA meM cU~ki nArI kI deha mAtra ko bhoga dRSTi se svIkAra karane vAle samAja ke lie vahI vyAkhyA Avazyaka bhI thii| 'nArI' ko puruSa kA sabase bar3A zatru mAnA gayA thA / munijI Adhunika jIvana meM nArI kI mahattA ko samajhAte hue jaina dharma ko yuga pariprekSya meM gatizIla te haiM / ve mahilA ko jIvana meM mahotsava lAne vAlI tathA puruSa ko rAstA dikhAne vAlI mAnate haiM / nArI svayaM kahatI hai : "anaMga ke saMga se aMgArita hone vAlo, / suno jarA suno to " ! svIkAra karatI hU~ ki / maiM aMganA hU~ / parantu, / mAtra aMga nA hU~" / " (pR. 207 ) prabhAkara aura badalI ke vAda-vivAda meM nArI kA udAtta pakSa prastuta karane ke bAda sAttvika jIvana ke kaNoM kI kumbhakAra anupasthiti meM prAMgaNa meM muktA rUpa meM varSA ho gaI / dharatI kI kIrti dekhakara sAgara ko kSobha hotA hai / sAgara ke kSobha kA pratipakSI bar3avAla, tIna ghana bAdaloM kI umar3ana, sAgara dvArA rAhu kA AhvAna, sUryagrahaNa, indra dvArA meghoM para vajra prahAra, oloM kI varSA tathA pralaya kA dRzya Adi kA citraNa isa khaNDa meM atyanta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai / caturthakhaNDa kA nAma hai 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI - sI rAkha' / isameM taiyAra ghaTa ke pakane kI prakriyA kA kAvyAtmaka prastutIkaraNa hai / yaha khaNDa apane vistAra meM svatantra khaNDa kAvya kI parimiti grahaNa karatA hai / isa sarga meM lakar3I kI vyathA kA citraNa karate hue kavi janatantra kI samasyA para bhI cubhatA vyaMgya karatA hai : "prAyaH aparAdhI - jana baca jAte / niraparAdha hI piTa jAte, aura unheM / pITate-pITate TUTatIM hama / / ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai / yA / manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) nyAyavyavasthA aura sabala tathA nirbala ke sambandhoM kA bhI yathArtha citraNa isI prasaMga meM kiyA gayA hai| AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa nyAya hI, anyAya-sA pratIta hone lagatA hai / agni parIkSA ke vAda-vivAda meM kavi dharma ko paribhASita karatA hai / sahaja prApta zakti kA sadupayoga karanA hI dharma hai| dUsare ke doSoM ko jalAnA pApa nahIM hai| dhyAna ke sandarbha Adhunika mAnava ke dvArA cayanita jIvana kI do dizAoM tathA unakI pariNatiyoM kI ora saMketa karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki jo mAnava madyapAna, bhoga vilAsa ko cunatA hai vaha zava bana jAtA hai aura jo tyAga kA rAstA cunatA hai vaha ziva bana jAtA hai / isI krama meM darzana kA bhI darzana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana ko jIvana ke sandarbha meM nae DhaMga se prastuta karane kI kAvyAtmaka prakriyA ke pariNAmasvarUpa vaha pAThaka yA zrotA ke hRdaya meM utaratA calA jAtA hai / avA meM pakakara kumbha taiyAra ho jAtA hai / use bajAte hI usameM jo rAga phUTatA hai, vaha jIvana kA artha khola detA hai| sevaka use dhana na dekara dhanyavAda dekara prApta kara letA hai| yahA~ kavi dhana ke anAvazyaka saMgraha kI bhartsanA karatA hai| isameM sAdhu ke AhAra dAna kA bhI vistRta varNana hai| svarNa kalaza ko IrSyAjanita udvignatA hai ki miTTI ke kalaza ko itanA sammAna diyA gayA aura usakI upekSA kI gii| svarNa kalaza AtaMkavAdI dala AhUta kara detA hai jo parivAra meM trAhi-trAhi macA detA hai| artha kA lobha hI bekAra navayuvakoM ko AtaMkavAda kI ora prerita karatA hai / isa rASTrIya samasyA kI chAyA bhI muni mana meM gahare basI huI hai, isIlie vaha prasaMgAnusAra zabdabaddha ho jAtI hai| seTha apane parivAra kI rakSA manuSyetara zaktiyoM se karatA hai| kSamAdAna dvArA AtaMkavAdiyoM kA hRdaya parivartana ho jAtA hai / kavi ne yahIM para vivAha kI samasyA ko uThAyA hai :
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________________ 360 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 66 '... kheda hai ki / lobhI pApI mAnava / pANigrahaNa ko bhI prANa- grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiM / " (pR. 386) dhana, vaibhava tathA sAMsArika samRddhi kA jhUThA vAdA karane vAle Adhunika guruoM ko bhI kavi sAvadhAna kara detA hai ki guru vacana nahIM, pravacana detA hai| muni kI vANI jaise antataH AmantraNa detI huI dhvanita hotI hai : " kSetra kI nahIM, / AcaraNa kI dRSTi se / maiM jahA~ para hU~ vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/ tumheM hogI merI / sahI-sahI pahacAna / " (pR. 487) isa mahAkAvya kI bhASA meM adbhuta zakti hai / vaha kavi ke bhAvoM aura vicAroM ke anusAra nayA artha saMketa grahaNa karatI calatI hai / kavi ne svayaM pracalita zabdoM ko unake mUla evaM nae artha se jor3ane kA yatna kiyA hai| jJAna, vijJAna, adhyAtma, darzana, samAja, parivAra, vyakti Adi samasyAoM ko yathAsambhava vyaMjita karane kI kSamatA bhASA prayoga ke kauzala se sambhava huI hai / yaha mAtra darzana kA kAvyAtmaka rUpAntaraNa nahIM hai balki jaina darzana kI Adhunika jIvana aura jagat ke pariprekSya meM sArthakatA kI nUtana talAza hai / kavi ne nirjIva evaM jar3a padArthoM meM jIvantatA paidA kI hai, unheM pAtratA pradAna kI hai aura jIvana ke mahAn sandeza ko mukharita kiyA hai| saritA, dharatI, miTTI, lakar3I, Aga, pAnI, nAga, hAthI, kumbhakAra, seTha arthAt cetana-acetana sabhI kA pArasparika saMvAda mahAkAvya ke maMca para ghaTita hotA hai / mahAkavi kI kalpanA kA kamAla hai ki usane jar3atA meM bhI prANa phU~kakara sphUrti paidA kara dii| zilpa kI dRSTi se yaha hindI sAhitya meM eka naI kar3I jor3ane vAlI kAvya kRti hai / saMvedanA, pAtra kalpanA evaM pR. 8 aura yaha bhI dekhadaladala meM badala jAtI hai| O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kA mukhara sandeza DaoN. sureza candra tyAgI kAvya kI guNavattA usake bRhadAkAra se nahIM, usake dvArA vyaMjita usa sandeza se nizcita hotI hai jo yuga-yuga taka preraka tathA navIna banA rahatA hai| kAvya ke bhedopabheda karake unakA lakSaNa nirdhAraNa aneka AcAryoM dvArA hotA AyA hai / ina lakSaNoM meM mataikya nahIM hai / vastuta: kAvya samIkSA ke sthAyI mAnadaNDa nizcita karanA sambhava nahIM hai| yuga ke sAtha kAvya kA svarUpa parivartita hotA hai aura samIkSA ke mUlya bhI badalate haiN| jIvana kI gatizIlatA hI kAvya aura samIkSA ko gatihInatA se mukta rakhatI hai / bRhadAkAra 'mUkamATI' ko zAstrIya siddhAntoM ke anusAra samIkSA karake mahAkAvya siddha karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai / haThapUrvaka kI gaI aisI khIMcatAna se kavi ke usa sandeza kI upekSA ho sakatI hai jo 'mUkamATI' ke mUla meM hai / mahAkAvya saMjJA se isa kAvya kA mUlya nahIM bddh'taa| isakA mUlya to usa sandeza meM nihita hai jo manuSya ko uccatara satya kI ora unmukha hone kI preraNA detA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara jaina darzana ke adhikArI vidvAn aura sAdhaka ke rUpa meM to pratiSThita haiM hI, kavi ke rUpa meM bhI unhoMne sahRdayoM ke madhya prazaMsA arjita kI hai| vastuta: unakI kAvya yAtrA ('narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI,' 'totA kyoM rotA ?', 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM' se lekara 'mUkamATI' taka) unakI sAdhanA kA hI eka AyA hai / kAvya eka uccastarIya kalA hai aura usakI prabhAvAtmakatA asandigdha hai / kavi apanI kalpanA aura saMvedanA mArmika anubhUtiyoM ko mArmika abhivyakti pradAna karatA hai / kavi-karma vahA~ aura bhI kaThina ho jAtA hai jahA~ dArzanika siddhAntoM aura AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyoM ko kAvya ke lie Avazyaka mArmikatA se saMyukta karake kAvyabaddha kiyA jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se kavi ne vaicArika vaibhava aura mArmika sarasatA ke samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara sAdhaka haiM aura sAdhaka kI racanA niruddezya nahIM ho sakatI / sAhitya ke vyutpattiparaka artha kI vyAkhyA karatA huA kavi apane sAhityAdarza ko isa taraha spaSTa karatA hai : " jisa ke avalokana se / sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai / anyathA surabhi se virahita puSpa- sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra - zUnya zabda - jhuNDa !" (pR. 111) isase bhI adhika spaSTa rUpa meM kavi ne apanA evaM apanI kAvya-sRSTi kA lakSya ina zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / vyathAkAra nahIM / aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~ / kathAkAra nahIM / isa lekhanI kI yahI bhAvanA hai - / kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka / jAgRta "jIvita" ajita / " (pR. 245) saMskRti-vihIna kRti kAlajayI nahIM ho sakatI, kavi kI yaha mAnyatA anya racanAkAroM ke lie bhI dizAbodhaka hai| 'mUkamATI' kI racanA ke prayojana kA saMketa kavi ne 'mAnasa - taraMga' (pR. XXIV) bhUmikA meM vistAra se diyA : "... sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai / " apane
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________________ 362 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yuga ke prati sacetana dRSTi rakhane vAlA kavi hI yuga-yuga kA kavi ho sakatA hai, yaha uparyukta prayojana se siddha hai / parantu yuga meM ulajha jAnA, usake bhulAvoM meM lakSyacyuta ho jAnA, bhogagrasta ho jAnA hI yadi sAdhaka kA lakSya ho jAe to saMskRti ke una sanAtana tattvoM kI upekSA ho jAegI jo uccatara jIvana mUlyoM kI ora nirantara aMguli nirdeza karate rahate haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM una sanAtana tattvoM ko bahuvidha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| usa mukhara sandeza ko rekhAMkita karane se pUrva eka bAta aura / jo loga yaha mAnate haiM ki Izvara ko na mAnane vAle nAstika haiM aura jaina darzana nAstika hai, kavi kI dRSTi meM ve alpajJa haiN| 'mAnasa taraMga' meM hI kavi kA vicAra hai ki "...jaina-darzana nAstika darzanoM ko sahI dizAbodha denevAlA eka Adarza Astika darzana hai / yathArtha meM Izvara ko sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM svIkAranA hI use nakAranA hai, aura yahI nAstikatA hai, mithyA hai| ...brahmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai, isa mAnyatA ko chor3anA hI AstikatA hai|" kavi ne 'aise hI kucha mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana' kiyA hai / yaha samajhanA to anyAya hogA ki jaina siddhAntoM ke hI pracAra-prasAra ke lie 'mUkamATI' kI racanA huI hai| vastuta: vyApaka mAnavIya dRSTi aura gambhIra karuNA - saMvedanA kahIM adhika vAMchita lakSya haiM, jo 'mUkamATI' ke mUla meM haiN| mATI ke sRjanazIla jIvana kI yAtrA mUla rUpa meM sAdhaka kI yAtrA hai / mATI kA mAnavIkaraNa kavi kI usa vyApaka dRSTi kA pramANa hai jo cetana-acetana ke prati karuNA se otaprota hai| prArambha meM mATI dharatI mA~ kI saMkocazIlA, lAjavatI, lAvaNyavatI' beTI ke rUpa meM dikhAI detI hai jo adhama pApiyoM se pada-dalitA, sukha-muktA aura duHkha-yuktA, tiraskRta, tyaktA' hai / vaha dharatI mA~ ke sAmane apanI pIr3A vyakta karatI hai| dharatI kA udbodhana sabhI ke lie preraka hai : "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA!/prati-sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM/utthAna-patana kii|" (pR. 7) dharatI mA~ mATI ko hatAzA chor3akara sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM Dhalane kI preraNA detI hai, AsthA kA mArga dikhalAtI hai| sAdhanA kA sandeza mATI ke mAdhyama se una manuSyoM ke lie hai jo zarIra se Age nahIM dekha pAte, use hI lakSya samajhate haiM aura jo mAnava jIvana meM nihita ananta sambhAvanAoM se aparicita haiM / jIvana saMgharSoM se nirAza na hone, puruSArtha ke patha para agrasara hone kA dharatI mA~ kA sandeza mATI ke soca ko badala detA hai / kumbhakAra kI satsaMgati mATI ke sRjanazIla jIvana kA prathama sarga hai / zilpI kumbhakAra mATI ke kaMkara nikAlakara use mRdu, svaccha banAtA hai, doSarahita karatA hai| kaMkara dala kI prArthanA sunakara mATI kA udbodhana sAdhanA kA mantra hai : "saMyama kI rAha calo/rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai, svayaM rAhI zabda hI/viloma rUpa se kaha rahA hai - raa"hii"hii"raa|" (pR. 56-57) kumbhakAra ke caraNoM meM ahaMkAra rahita samarpaNa mATI ke sRjanazIla jIvana kA dUsarA sarga hai / yaha mAnoM guru caraNoM meM sAdhaka kA samarpaNa hai| mATI aura kA~Te kA saMvAda badale kI bhAvanA se grasta vyaktiyoM ke lie bahuta upayogI aura sArthaka hai / mATI kA kahanA hai : "badale kA bhAva vaha anala hai/jo/jalAtA hai tana ko bhI, cetana ko bhI bhava-bhava taka !" (pR. 98)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 363 kumbhakAra mATI kI dRSTi meM kSamA kI mUrti aura kSamA kA avatAra hai / kSamA karane vAlA hI kSamA mA~gane kI udAratA dikhalA sakatA hai / kumbhakAra kA yaha Adarza jIvana kI kAmya avasthA kA saMketa detA hai : "sammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI!/vaira kisase/kyoM aura kaba karU~? yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai/saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI!" (pR. 105) / mATI hI kumbha kA AkAra grahaNa karatI hai| kumbhakAra use cAka para car3hAtA hai| guru kA sparza pAkara hI sAdhaka kA rUpAntara sambhava hai / yaha rUpAntara sarala zabdoM meM isa taraha abhivyakta huA hai : "mAna-ghamaNDa se achUtI mATI/piNDa se piNDa chur3AtI huI, kumbha ke rUpa meM DhalatI hai/kumbhAkAra dharatI hai dhRti ke sAtha dharatI ke Upara uTha rahI hai|" (pR. 164) dharatI se Upara uThanA bhautikatA se Upara uThanA hai, AdhyAtmikatA kI ora prayANa hai / kumbhakAra kumbha kI khoTa kA parimArjana karake vividha saMkhyAoM aura citroM se use sajAtA hai| lekina sAdhanA ke mArga meM itanA hI to paryApta nhiiN| aneka prakAra kI parIkSAe~ aura samIkSAe~ nirantara hotI haiN| kumbha kI agni parIkSA mATI ke sRjanazIla jIvana kA tRtIya sarga hai| ___ kumbhakAra ko kumbha kI sAdhanA pragati ko dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai, kyoMki samarpaNa aura AsthA ke hI sahAre atyalpa kAla meM aisI saphalatA sAdhakoM ko milatI hai| AdhyAtmika U~cAI kI dRSTi se kumbha ke ye zabda atyanta paripakva anubhUti kI ora saMketa karate haiM : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA,/vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) agni parIkSA doSoM ko bhasmIbhUta karane kI kriyA hai| saccA sAdhaka aisI parIkSAoM se bhayabhIta nahIM hotaa| isIlie kumbha agni se kahatA hai ki 'mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI mujhe jilAnA hai' / agni parIkSA se kharI huI cetanA UrdhvamukhI hokara apanA to kalyANa karatI hI hai, dUsaroM kA bhI maMgala karatI hai| kumbha kA maMgala ghaTa banakara zreSTha pUjana kArya meM laganA mATI ke sRjanazIla jIvana kA antima sarga hai / kumbha kA seTha ko prabodhana jIvana kI rAha para eka sambala kI bhA~ti hai: "santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai/saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai, samAgama karanevAlA bhale hI/turanta santa-saMyata/bane yA na bane isameM koI niyama nahIM hai,/kintu vaha/santoSI avazya banatA hai|" (pR. 352)
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________________ 364 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke mAdhyama se hI kavi ne zramaNa kI bahuta tarkasaMgata vyAkhyA kI hai / kAvya kA nAma 'mUkamATI' bhale hI ho, kAvya meM mATI sarvatra mukhara hai| pahale mATI, phira rUpAntarita hokara kumbha aura maMgala ghaTa - sabhI rUpoM meM jIvanopayogI sandeza kavi ne prastuta kie haiN| zramaNa ke bAre meM kumbha kahatA hai : "koSa ke zramaNa bahuta bAra mile haiM / hoza ke zramaNa hote virale hI, ... zramaNa kA bheSa dhAraNa kara, / abhaya kA hAtha uThA kara, zaraNAgata ko AzISa dene kI apekSA, / anyAya mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle rAvaNa jaise zatruoM para/raNAMgaNa meM kUdakara / rAma jaise zrama-zIloM kA hAtha uThAnA hI / kaliyuga meM sat-yuga lA sakatA hai, dharatI para yahIM para /svarga ko utAra sakatA hai / zrama kare'' so zramaNa / " (pR. 361-362) karma kA yaha sandeza kyA kabhI aprAsaMgika ho sakatA hai ? kumbha hI samatA kA bhI sandeza detA hai- 'sabameM sAmya ho' / 'mUkamATI' kAvya aneka sandezoM se bharA par3A hai| mATI ne apanI jIvana sAdhanA meM jo kucha pAyA hai, use vyakta kiyA hai / yahA~ maiMne kucha saMketa die haiN| kavi kA yaha kathana vistAramayI vyAkhyA se rokatA hai : "lambI, gagana cUmatI vyAkhyA se / mUla kA mUlya kama hotA hai sahI mUlyAMkana guma hotA hai / " (pR. 109 ) pR. 397 inase hI phUlatA- phalatA hai vaha 'Arogya kA vizAlakAya vRkSa !
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : rASTrIya cetanA kA anta:svara ____ DaoN. Ara. ela. esa. yAdava 'mUkamATI' eka aisA mahAkAvya hai jo Aja ke udvelita samAja ke jIvana mUlya, bhautika tathA vaicArika pariveza ko dArzanika pRSThabhUmi meM prastuta karatA hai / yadyapi isa kAvya meM suspaSTa kathAnaka nahIM hai lekina yaha eka dArzanika siddhAnta para AdhArita hai jisameM rASTrIya cetanA ke anta:svara evaM mAnavIya jIvana darzana ko pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mATI ke mAdhyama se prakRti ke vibhinna avayavoM kA sumadhura varNana 'mUkamATI' kI apanI vizeSatA hai / vibhinna pariveza meM prakRti kA udAtta varNana usa nanheM bAlaka ke udgAra ke samAna hai jo prakRti ke camatkAra evaM lAvaNya ko dekhakara camatkRta hotA hai para use abhivyakta karane ke lie zabdoM kI khoja meM vyAkula rahatA hai / 'mUkamATI' kI mATI nirIha hai| vaha apane ko patitA, dalitA mAne hue hai / usakI vyathA evaM vedanA mukhara hai / isa mATI meM isa dhArA ke karor3oM akiMcana loga apanA pratibimba dekhate haiN| mATI kI pIr3A unakI pIr3A hai| ve bhI apane nArakIya jIvana se mATI kI bhA~ti mukti ko vyAkula haiN| __ isa mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA kendra bindu mUkamATI hai / mUkamATI kA samparka kumhAra se hotA hai / aneka upamAnoM dvArA mUkamATI apanI saMvedanA prakaTa karatI hai| dUsarA adhyAya 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM mATI ke sRjanazIla jIvana kA prArambha hotA hai / kumhAra mATI meM pAnI milAtA hai, usameM prANa kA saMcAra karatA hai / zilpI garIba hai / usake pAsa kambala nahIM hai / sUtI cAdara hai / zItakAla meM phira bhI use ThaNDa se kaSTa nahIM hotA, kyoMki : "kama balavAle hI/kambalavAle hote haiM aura/kAma ke dAsa hote haiN| hama balavAle haiM/rAma ke dAsa hote haiM/ aura/rAma ke pAsa sote haiN|" (pR.92) isameM puruSa prakRti ke sAnnidhya se mokSa kA mArga prazasta karane kA saMketa hai| tRtIya adhyAya 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' se spaSTa hai ki kina-kina puNya kAryoM se pApa kA vinAza ho sakatA hai / dharatI ke vaibhava ko pralaya ke samaya jala ne lUTA, isalie dharatI dharA raha gaI aura jala sAgara bana gyaa| usane pRthvI kI sampadA kA haraNa kiyA / vaha nindya kArya thaa| kavi ke anusAra jaladhi jar3a bana gayA aura saba kucha sahate hue dharatI sarvasahA bnii| cauthe adhyAya agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kumbha ko Aga meM pakAnA, nagara seTha ke sevaka dvArA kumbha kI parIkSA karane kA aura use apane sAtha le jAne Adi kA vivaraNa hai| yaha eka dArzanika grantha hai| isameM aneka sthAnoM para anekAntavAda tathA syAdvAda kA prabhAva spaSTata: parilakSita hotA hai| isameM sukha aura zAnti ko bAhya nahIM balki Antarika vastu kahA gayA hai / yaha anubhUti se hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| pravaMcanA kA jIvana arthahIna hai aura saMyama, samanvaya tathA samatA se hI Antarika sukha prApta ho sakatA hai| pUrA mahAkAvya AdhyAtmikatA ke vibhinna upAdAnoM se paripUrNa hai / isa kathAnaka ke mAdhyama se kavi ne jaina dharma kA, jise hama isa deza kA mUla dharma mAnate haiM aura jisake siddhAnta AdhyAtmikatA, hindU dharma evaM anya aneka dharmoM kA mUla AdhAra haiM, kA AdhyAtmika vivaraNa isa mahAkAvya meM sthAna-sthAna para parilakSita hotA hai / isa mahAkAvya ke sabhI varNita viSaya kisI na kisI tattvadarzana kI mImAMsA karate haiM / isI taraha jaina dharma ke tIna pramukha sopAna-samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra kA spaSTa prabhAva isa mahAkAvya meM parilakSita hai / vaidika mAnyatAoM se alaga zramaNa saMskRti kA bhI
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________________ 366 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA prabhAva isa mahAkAvya para hai / vairAgya kA isase acchA udAharaNa kyA milegA : "gagana kA pyAra kabhI / dharA se ho nahIM sakatA / madana kA pyAra kabhI jarA se ho nahIM sakatA; / yaha bhI eka niyoga hai ki / sujana kA pyAra kabhI surAse ho nahIM sakatA / / vidhavA ko aMga - rAga / suhAtA nahIM kabhI sadhavA ko saMga-tyAga / suhAtA nahIM kabhI, / saMsAra se viparIta rIta viroM kI hI hotI hai / bhagavA~ ko raMga-dAga/ suhAtA nahIM kabhI !" (pR. 353 - 354) isa mahAkAvya meM sabhI rasoM kA bar3A hI adbhuta varNana hai / vIra, hAsya, adbhuta, zRMgAra, bIbhatsa, karuNA, vAtsalya aura zAnta rasa kA bharapUra varNana kiyA gayA hai / para anta meM pratiSThApita hai - zAnta rasa / isIlie to unhoMne kahA : " karuNA - rasa use mAnA hai, jo / kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI / moma banA detA hai, vAtsalya kA bAnA hai / jaghanatama nAdAna ko bhI / soma banA detA hai / kintu, yaha laukika / camatkAra kI bAta huI, / zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM, saMyama-rata dhImAna ko ho/ 'om' banA detA hai|" (pR. 159-160) 'mUkamATI' eka aisA mahAkAvya hai jo prAcIna sAhityika paramparAoM se ba~dhA huA nahIM hai| yaha sampUrNa samAja kA pratibimba hai jisameM Ananda kA prabhAva evaM zAnta rasa kI sthApanA kavi kA antima uddezya hai / yaha eka ora jahA~ vyAvahArika pratimAnoM se otaprota kAvya hai, vahIM isameM rUpaka ke mAdhyama se mATI ke vibhinna rUpI padArthoM kI mAnavIya pratimAnoM se tulanA kI gaI hai| yahA~ pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se aneka sAmAjika bAteM kaha dI gaI haiN| isakI bhASA zailI sAmAnya evaM sarvagamya hai / mujhe vizvAsa hai, yaha mahAkAvya bhArata kI sAMskRtika virAsata ko akSuNNa rakhate hue vartamAna pariveza meM AdhyAtmika cetanA ke unmeSa meM pathapradarzaka kA kArya karegA / loidhara adhakhulI kamalinI DUbate cA~da kI cA~danI ko bhI nahIM dekhatI
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________________ na aura jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara DaoN. niz2AmuddIna DaoN. bar3athvAla ne apanI pustaka 'di nirguNa skUla oNfa hindI poiTrI' meM kahA hai ki sabhI yugoM va dezoM ke nivRtti-mArgiyoM kA yaha eka niyama rahA hai ki ve strI tathA dhana kI nindA karate Ae haiM aura isa prakAra vairAgya kI usa bhAvanA ko jAgRta karate rahe haiM jo kabIra ko bhI svIkAra hai| kabIra ne striyoM ko 'naraka kA kuNDa' batAyA hai| unheM strI para vizvAsa nahIM hai, yaha bAta khaTakatI hai| yaha duHkha kI bAta hai ki unheM strI meM yauvana bhAvanA hI dikhAI dI hai / unake AdhyAtmika Adarza kI ora se A~kheM mU~da lI haiM, jise unhoMne usa zAzvata premI kI bhAryA banakara apanAne kA vicAra kiyA hai / madhyayugIna kaviyoM ne nArI kI paga-paga para nindA kI hai| kabIra bhI usase apanA dAmana nahIM bacA sake, unhoMne bhI nArI ko 'viSa kI bela', 'kAlI nAgina' kahA hai| 'kanaka' aura 'kAminI' ko unhoMne sAdhanA mArga meM bAdhaka mAnA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kabIra siddhoM kI nArI viSayaka bhAvanA se kAphI prabhAvita the, tabhI to unheM bhI nArI vikRtiyoM kA puMja dikhalAI par3I, lekina jaba hama kabIra kAvya meM prayukta 'rAma-kI- bahuriyA' yA 'bAlaka -kIjananI' ke sandarbha meM nArI ke vyaktitva ko dekhate haiM to vaha nindanIya na hokara vandanIya bana jAtA hai| tulasI ne bhI nArI kI nindA kama nahIM kI, lekina jaba unhoMne usakA vyaktitva rAma - bhakti se jor3a diyA to vaha tyAjya - nindya na hokara vandya ho gii| rAma kA jisase nAtA ho gayA vaha tulasI kI naz2aroM meM car3ha gyaa| kabIra kI nArI viSayaka avadhAraNA apane yuga kA, tathA unakI vaiSNava prakRti kA pratibimba hai / unake mukha se yaha bhI nikalA hai-'"jetI aurati maradA~ kahiyai, saba meM rUpa tumhArA / " kabIra ne jihvA-AsvAdana ke samAna nArI kA saMga tyAjya mAnA hai aura nArI ko 'viSa phala' ke samAna kahA hai : " eka kanaka aru kAmanI viSaphala kI e upAi / dekhe hI thaiM viSa car3he, khAe sU~ mari jAi // " isI prakAra guru nAnakadeva ne nArI ko mAyA kA pratIka ghoSita kiyA hai- "kaMcana nArI mayi jIu lubhatu hai, mohu mIThA mAiA / " lekina guru nAnakadeva kI dAmpatya viSayaka uktiyoM meM nArI ko jIvAtmA kA pratIka bhI mAnA gayA hai / ye prasaMga adhyAtma ke raMga meM DUbe haiM / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne nArI ke vibhinna rUpoM ko navIna arthavattA pradAna kI hai aura usakI anekavidha vizeSatAoM ko zabdAyita kiyA hai| jainadharma meM nArI ko kAma tathA viSaya ke sandarbha meM avazya adhika sammAnita nahIM samajhA gayA / strI para Asakta hone vAlA puruSa asthirAtmA hotA hai, use citta-samAdhi prApta nahIM ho sakatI (uttarA. 22/44), aisA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai / AcArya vidyAsAgara eka zilpadharmI, prayogadharmI kavi haiM / unhoMne apane pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' meM nArI ko kaI rUpoM meM rekhAMkita kiyA hai aura unakI nArI viSayaka avadhAraNA pUrNata: nUtana hai, maulika hai tathA pUrvAgraha / durAgraha se bhI vimukta hai / yahA~ nArI kA ullekha aneka rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai: (1) nArI (2) mahilA (3) abalA (4) kumArI (5) strI (6) sutA (7) duhitA (8) mAtA (9) aMganA / nArI kI vividha vizeSatAoM meM sabase pahale 'bhIru svabhAva vAlI' hai, lekina isa 'bhIrutA' meM AcArya zukla ke anusAra kAmAsakta rasikoM ko priya lagane vAlI nArI kI bhIrutA nahIM hai, vaha 'pApa - bhIrutA' hai| nArI puruSa kI apekSA adhika pApa-bhIru hotI hai, dUsare zabdoM meM hama use 'dharma - bhIru' kaha sakate haiM / pApa ke bhaya se nArI kumArga para kadama
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________________ 368 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA rakhane se DaratI hai / vaha svabhAva se dharmaparAyaNa hotI hai / yaha to puruSa kI kAma-pipAsA hai jo nArI ko kumArga para calane ke lie bAdhya karatI hai to doSa strI kA nahIM, puruSa kA hai| puruSa ne hI use parigraha' ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA hai| draupadI ko jue meM lagAnA isakA spaSTa dRSTAnta hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne nArI kI jo vibhinna chaviyA~ yahA~ darzAI haiM unameM jahA~ nArI ke guNoM/vizeSatAoM kA indradhanuSI raMga mohaka lagatA hai, vahA~ unakA zabda-vidhAna bhI atyanta lalita hai / kavi jaise bhASAvettA/bhASA vaijJAnika kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / nArI ko isalie unhoMne 'nArI' kahA hai cU~ki vaha karuNA kA Akara hai, maitrI kA bhaNDAra hai| usameM kisI ke prati koI zatrutA nahIM, na+ari = nArI; dUsarA artha yaha bhI hai- "ye ArI nahIM haiM/sonArI.."(pR.202) - yAnI ye kATane vAlI nahIM, jor3ane vAlI haiM aura eka-dUsare ko jor3atI haiM apanI karuNA se, apanI milanasAritA se, sahRdayatA se, sneha se| jaba nArI ko 'mahilA' kahate haiM to isakA artha hai AdhAra/avalambana dene vAlI / vaha nirAza, utsAhahIna manuSya meM nayA utsAha saMcarita karane vAlI hai / vaha "dhRti-dhAraNI jananI ke prati/apUrva AsthA jagAtI hai" (pR. 202) / cU~ki puruSa kI rahanumAI karatI hai, usakA mArga prazasta karatI hai, use sAdhya kI prApti meM sahAyaka hotI hai, isalie 'mahilA' hai vaha / eka aura artha 'mahilA' dvArA AcAryazrI ne vyaMjita kiyA hai / jisa vyakti meM saMgrahaparigraha pravRtti atyadhika ghara kara gaI hai, jisameM asaMyama hai aura saMgraha-vyAdhi kA roga laga gayA hai, saMyama kI bhUkha manda par3a gaI hai, usakI bhUkha ko bar3hAne kA kAma karane vAlI hai 'mahilA' : "mahI yAnI/maThA-maherI pilAtI hai,/mahilA kahalAtI hai vaha..!"(pR.203) ___ manuSya kI kAma bhAvanA ko saMyata karane vAlI, use saMyama meM rakhane vAlI mahilA hI hotI hai / vahI gRhasthI ko bhI yAnI vivAhita puruSa ko bhI saMyamAcaraNa kI ora prerita karatI hai| nArI ko 'abalA' bhI kahA jAtA hai / rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta (1886-1964 I.) kI prasiddha paMktiyA~ "abalA jIvana hAya tumhArI yahI kahAnI A~cala meM hai dUdha aura A~khoM meM paanii|" guptajI ne mamatAmayI, snehasikta, karuNArdra nArI kA yaha adbhuta citra khIMcA hai, jisameM bhAratIya nArI kA vyaktitva abhimukharita hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI jaba nArI ko abalA' rUpa meM nihArate haiM to kaha uThate haiM : "jo ava yAnI/ avagama'-jJAnajyoti lAtI hai, timira-tAmasatA miTAkara/jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai 'abalA' kahalAtI hai vaha !" (pR. 203) ve jJAnAloka vikIrNa karane vAlI nArI ko 'abalA' kahate haiN| yahI nahIM, abalA meM aura bhI guNa haiM / nArIabalA manuSya ko divAsvapnoM se mukta karatI hai, bhaviSya kI raMgIna kalpanAoM meM bhaTakane se bacAtI hai tathA vigataatIta ke moha se bhI mukta karatI hai / use vartamAna meM jInA sikhAtI hai, use vartamAna kI ora dRSTayunmukhI banAtI hai, yathArtha se Takkara lene kI sAmarthya pradAna karatI hai, use sAmane AI paristhitayoM ko samajhane, unase jUjhane kI zakti detI hai tathA vartamAna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna khojane kA bala juTAtI hai| Aja hamAre sAmane samasyAoM kA jo vyUha maujUda hai kyA use manuSya akelA, binA nArI ke sahayoga ke bheda sakatA hai ? hama paryAvaraNa se jUjha rahe haiM, bhraSTAcAra ke garta meM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 369 gira rahe haiM, naitikatA ke hrAsa se abhizapta haiM, jamAkhorI/saMgrahavRtti se pIr3ita haiM tathA jIvana mUlyoM ke skhalana se Ahata haiM / AcAryazrI ThIka kahate haiM ki 'abalA' manuSya ko saMkaToM/samasyAoM se bacAtI hai (a+balA=abalA), isalie usakA nAma "abalA ke abhAva meM/sabala puruSa bhI nirbala banatA hai"(pR.203), to ise aitihAsika pariprekSya meM/ sAmAjika pariveza meM parakhie, dekhie, sarvatra nArI kI eka vilakSaNa bhUmikA milegii| mumatAz2a mahala, nUrajahA~ prema aura saundarya ko amaratva pradAna karane vAlI nAriyA~ haiM / jhA~sI kI rAnI lakSmIbAI, begama haz2arata mahala vIratva tathA sAhasa kI pratimAe~ haiN| indirA gA~dhI bhArata ko ekatA-akhaNDatA pradAna kara use eka vizva zakti kA oja evaM pratApa dene vAlI haiN| madara TeresA mAnava sevA kA simbala haiN| zrI mA~ adhyAtma zakti kI puMja haiN| AryAratna jJAnamatI, vicakSaNazrI, sAdhvIlAbhA haiN| inase hamArA jIvana bharA-pUrA hai, sampanna hai| inheM z2arA jIvana se pRthak kara ke dekhie, vaha riktatA A jAegI jise puruSa kabhI bhara nahIM sakegA aura use lagegA jaise kahIM vaha registAna meM akelA bhaTaka rahA hai| jaba AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne nArI ke 'kumArI' rUpa (pR.204) para dRSTipAta kiyA taba use dharatI ko sampadA-sampanna banAne vAlI kahA yAnI vaha lakSmI-svarUpA hai, isIlie santoM ne usakA rUpa mAMgalika mAnA hai, use maMgala-maura kahA hai / nArI 'strI' rUpa meM puruSa kI kAma-vAsanA ko abhisaMyata rakhatI hai tathA garbhadhAraNa karatI hai, isalie vaha strI hai / strI hone ke kAraNa vaha manuSya ko fijUlakharcI se bacAtI hai, use saMgrahavRtti se virakta rakhatI hai| dhanArjana ke sAtha use puNyArjana kI dRSTi pradAna karatI hai, samAja ke kalyANArtha karma karane ke lie utprerita karatI hai tathA dharma-paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie puruSa ko dharmonmukha banAtI hai, isalie vaha 'strI' kA abhidhAna dhAraNa karatI hai| kavivara ne 'strI' zabda kA vizleSaNa kisa kauzala se kiyA hai, dekhie : " 's' yAnI sama-zIla saMyama/'zrI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma-puruSArthoM meM/puruSa ko kuzala-saMyata banAtI hai so 'strI' kahalAtI hai|" (pR. 205) jIvana meM saMyama kI avatAraNA strI dvArA hI sambhava hai, varanA samAja kA zIrAz2A bikhara jAe, vaha vizRMkhalita ho jaae| jaba nArI ko 'sutA' tathA 'duhitA' kahA hai to zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA Azaya yaha hai ki sukha-suvidhAoM kA jo srota bahAtI hai vaha 'sutA' hai aura jisameM do hita hoM, vaha 'duhitA' (du-do, hitA=hita karane vAlI) hai| vaha apane jIvana kA hita to karatI hai, sAtha meM pati ke patita jIvana kA bhI hita karatI hai| dUsare, duhitA hone kA matalaba yaha hai ki strI do kuloM kA hita karatI hai- pitA kA, pati kA / mAnoM do prakAra se hitoM kA, kalyANa kA, sukha-sampatti kA vaha dohana karatI hai, isalie usakA 'duhitA' honA arthavattA-pUrNa hai| nArI ko 'aMganA' (pR.207) isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha puruSa kA hI eka aMga hai, usake binA puruSa adhUrA hai, apUrNa hai| puruSa kA eka aMga hone para vaha 'ardhAMginI' kahalAtI hai| kAmAgni meM aMgArita hone vAle logoM ko nArI batAnA cAhatI hai ki vaha aMganA' jarUra hai, lekina usake aMgoM ke bhItara bhI to jhA~kakara dekhanA caahie| usake aMgoM ke saundarya ke pIche AtmA kA saundarya bhI vidyamAna hai jo zAzvata hai tathA 'niraMjana bhAsvata' hai / vaha 'sva' kA parijJAna karAnA cAhatI hai tAki saba apane ko jAneM, pahacAneM / jo apane ko pahacAna letA hai vaha saba kucha pahacAna letA hai, jAna letA hai:
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________________ 370 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "je egaM jANai, se savvaM jANai je savvaM jANai, se egaM jANai / " (AyAro - AcArAMga, 3/74) arthAt jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha saba ko jAnatA hai, jo saba ko jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA kazmIra kI vikhyAta santa kavayitrI lallezvarI (14vIM zatAbdI) kahatI hai ki ziva sthala-sthala para, sarvatra virAjamAna hai, hindU-musalamAna meM koI bheda na kara / yadi tU buddhimAn hai to apane Apako - Atmatattva ko pahacAna ! vahI vAstava meM ziva (paramAtmA) sAtha terI jAnakArI hai : "ziva chuy thali thali roz2Ana / mo z2Ana honda ta musalamAna / tukha aya chukha ta pAn parz2anAva / svaya chai sAhibasa sUti z2AnI z2Ana / " bAhara se bhItara jAne kA varNana lallezvarI ne nimna 'bAkha' meM isa prakAra kiyA hai ki guru ne use eka bAta khii| unhoMne kahA ki bAhara se bhItara calI jA / usa lalI ne vahI Adeza / upadeza mAnA aura digambarAvasthA meM nAcane lagI : "gvarana vonanama kutuya vacuna / nyabara doyanama aMdriya acuna / suya gau lali mya vAkhata-vacuna / tavai mya hotuma naMga nacuna / " yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki nirguNa bhagavAn kI upAsikA lallezvarI ne apane eka 'bAkha' meM mahAvIra svAmI ko 'jina' rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai : "ziva vA kezava vA jina vA / kamalaz2anAtha nAmadhArina yudda / mya abali kAsitana bhava-ruz2a/su vA su vA suh ||" arthAt ziva ho, yA jina (mahAvIra svAmI) ho athavA kamalanAtha ( gautama buddha ) ho, usakA kucha bhI nAma ho, mujha abalA ko bhava-ruja (saMsAra kI vyAdhi) se mukta kara de / AcArya vidyAnanda ne nArI ko 'jAyA, 'patnI' kA abhidhAna dete hue kahA hai: "nArI nara kI janmadAyinI hai, isalie use 'jAyA' kahate haiN| vaha pati kI ardhAMginI hone para 'patnI' kahalAtI hai| ardhAMginI kA artha hai pati ke sukhaduHkha kI samabhAgI / " kula - striyA~ vyasanoM meM pha~se hue pati ko utthAna kI ora le jAtI haiN| vaha eka aisA mitra hai jisa para vizvAsa rakhakara jIvana zAnti se bitAyA jA sakatA hai| nArI kA itihAsa tapa, tyAga aura sevA kA pATha sikhAtA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne 'jAyA, 'patnI' zabdoM kI bhale hI yahA~ vyAkhyA na kI ho, unhoMne dUsare zabdoM meM unakA samAhAra kara diyA hai / unhoMne 'mUkamATI' meM 'aMganA' ko anta meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai, aura 'mAtA' yA 'mAtR' kI vyAkhyA pahale kI hai, jabaki 'aMganA' ke uparAnta 'mAtR' zabda kI vyAkhyA karanI cAhie thii| 'mAtR' para prakAza DAlate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki pramANa kA artha hai jJAna aura prameya kA artha hai jJeya / santoM ne pramAtR ko jJAtA kahA hai| vastutaH mAtR-tattva meM hI jAnane kI zakti hai aura vaha mAtA-pitA, puruSa mahApuruSa saba ko janma dene vAlI hai, vaha saba kI jananI hai, yahI usakA mAtRtattva hai : I "... yahA~ / koI pitA- pitAmaha, puruSa nahIM hai jo saba kI AdhAra-zilA ho, / saba kI jananI / mAtra mAtRtattva hai / " (pR. 206 )
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 371 'bhaktAmara stotra' meM bhI isI bhAva ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai : "strINAM zatAni zatazo janayanti putrAn, nAnyA sutaM tvadupamaM jananI prsuutaa| sarvA dizo dadhati bhAni sahasarazmiM, prAcyeva digjanayati sphuradaMzujAlam // 22 // " yahA~ tIrthaMkara bhagavAn kI mAtA kA guNagAna karate hue mAtRtva kI hI prazaMsA kI hai / mA~ zabda meM ajIba mamatAmaya AkarSaNa nihita hai| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kahate haiM ki hama mAtR-tattva ke mahattva ko bhUla rahe haiM, isI kAraNa sambandhoM meM- jJeya-jJAyaka ke sambandhoM meM fAsalA A gayA hai| jIvana meM sukha-zAnti puna: lAne ke lie mAtR-tattva ko mahimAnvita karanA hogA, mAtRtva ko ucita sammAna pradAna karanA hogA : "mAtR-tattva kI anupalabdhi meM/jJeya-jJAyaka sambandha Thapa ! aisI sthiti meM tuma hI batAo,/sukha-zAnti mukti vaha kise milegI, kyoM milegI/kisa-vidha ?/isIlie isa jIvana meM mAtA kA mAna-sammAna ho,/usI kA jaya-gAna ho sadA,/dhanya!"(pR. 206) aur ROOG OH manda manda 'sugandha pavana baha raza hai; 588 bahArI jIvana hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI zabda - sAdhanA DaoN. sureza candra jaina 'mUkamATI' AcAryapravara muni vidyAsAgarajI kA kAvya grantha hai / aneka vidvAnoM ne isa grantha ko mahAkAv mAnate hue bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka ullekhanIya upalabdhi kahA hai| zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne 'prastavana' meM likhA hai ki isameM sandeha nahIM ki " 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi - karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai|" santa kI sAdhanA aura eka sacce kavi kI kAvya sAdhanA meM vizeSa antara nahIM hotA hai| dRSTi bheda avazya hotA hai / jaina santa kI sAdhanA, jainetara santoM kI sAdhanA se bhinna hotI hai| loka maMgala aura loka hita kI bhAvanA to donoM vidyamAna hotI hai, parantu donoM meM sAdhya-sAdhana kA antara sarvavidita hai / yaha antara 'mUkamATI' meM Adi se anta taka parilakSita hotA hai| jaina kavi aura unakA kAvya rAsa-raMga kA yA aindriya icchAoM-bhAvanAoM kI pUrti kA srota nahIM hotA balki saMsAra kI asAratA meM rAga-dveSa se grasita jana kI AtmA ke unnayana kA saMgIta hotA hai, jisase sva-para kI pahacAna prApta kara, manuSya vastusvarUpa vAstavikatA taka pahu~cane kA puruSArtha karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM usI 'puruSArtha' kI mahattA prakaTa kI gaI aura tadanusAra zabdAvalI kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai / kAvya kI AtmA rasa mAnA gayA hai / kAvya kI paribhASAoM meM " ramaNIyArthapratipAdaka: zabda: kAvyam " arthAt ramaNIya artha kA pratipAdana karane vAlA zabda kAvya hotA hai| prAcIna AcAryoM ke mata se doSarahita, guNa- alaMkAra sahita zabda aura artha kAvya hai / zabda aura artha kA sahabhAva sabhI AcAryoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| rAjazekhara ne isa 'sahabhAva' ko 'yathAvat' vizeSaNa se yukta kiyA hai| unake mata se kAvya meM yaha sahabhAva yathAvat arthAt santulita ho / isalie AcArya kI yaha ukti'"tadadoSau zabdArthau saguNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kvApi " - arthAt zabda aura artha doSa rahita ho, guNa yukta ho, cAhe alaMkAra kahIM-kahIM spaSTa na bhI hoM / prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne pratyakSa-apratyakSa ise svIkAra kiyA hai / Adhunika samIkSaka AcArya zukla ne hRdaya kI muktAvasthA ko rasa dazA nirUpita karate hue kahA hai ki isI mukti kI sAdhanA ke lie manuSya kI vANI jo zabda vidhAna karatI AI hai, use kavitA kahate haiM / niSkarSa yaha hai ki yaha zabda - vidhAna hI kavi kI zabda-sAdhanA kahalAtI hai| hara zreSTha kavi kA apanA zabda - vidhAna hotA hai / zabda-bhASA aura zailI se kavi apanI alaga pahacAna banAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke kavi ne jaisA zabda prayoga kiyA hai, vaisA prayoga bahuta kama kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| yadyapi isa prakAra ke prayoga se adhikatara zabda ke vyutpattyAtmaka artha prakaTa karake, kavi ne camatkAra kI sRSTi karane kA prayatna to kiyA hai, parantu isase rasa bhaMga bhI kama nahIM huA hai| vAstava meM 'arthabodha' hI zabda zakti hai / isI zakti se zabda aura artha eka vilakSaNa sambandha se jur3ate haiM / AcAryazrI ke zabda prayoga kA yadi vargIkaraNa kiyA jAe to isa prakAra se kara sakate haiM: : 1. zabda kA vyutpattyAtmaka prayoga - gadahA, rAvaNa, kumbhakAra, sAhitya Adi / 2. zabda kA lakSyArthaka prayoga- mATI, zUla, kaMkara, vetana Adi / 3. zabda kA vilomArthaka prayoga- rAkha, nadI, dayA, nAlI, tAmasa Adi / 4. zabda kA sampradAyArthaka prayoga - nimitta, kaSAya, bandha, heya, upAdeya, moha, mokSa, eSaNA, dezanA Adi / 5. zabda kA pratIkArthaka prayoga - pAtra, kumbhakAra, mATI, parAga Adi / 6. zabda kA vikhaNDanAtmaka prayoga - kisalaya, dhokhA, vetana /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 373 inhIM SaSThavidha prayogoM ke mAdhyama se santa kavi ne zabda aura artha ke vilakSaNa sambandha abhivyakta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / zabda ke ina prayogoM meM AcAryazrI ne vilomArthaka prayoga ke mAdhyama se apanI abhipreta arthAbhivyakti para vizeSa dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai| vilomArthaka zabda prayoga 'mUkamATI' ke cAroM khaNDoM meM yatra-tatra dekhe jA sakate haiN| zabda ke vikhaNDana prayogoM kI bhI prasaMgAnukUla abhivyakti pracura rUpa se kI gii| parantu, zabda prayogoM meM katipaya doSa bhI A gae haiM- yathA : zabda kA anAvazyaka prayoga- hI, aura, beTA, samajhI bAta / zabda kA anupayukta prayoga- sarvanAmoM rUpa- isako, ise Adi / zabda kA vyAkaraNa sammata prayoga na honA- liMga, vacana, kartA, kriyA sambandhI doSa / zabda kA yathocita saha-prayoga na honA- tatsama, dezaja, videshii| zabda kA balAt prayoga- yshaa| zabda kA anupayukta prayoga-samajhI bAta / isa kAraNa rasa bhaMga to huA hI hai, kAvya dhArA ke pravAha meM bAdhA bhI khar3I huI hai| kucha prayoga yahA~ draSTavya haiM : "sImAtIta zUnya meM/nIlimA bichAI, aura "idhara "nIce/nirI nIravatA chaaii|" (pR. 1) uparyukta udAharaNa meM bichAI' kriyA bhUtakAlika hai / yadi bichAI kI jagaha 'bichI huI hai' evaM 'aura idhara nIce/nirI nIravatA chAI' ke sAtha 'hai' isa sahAyaka kriyA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA to adhika upayukta hotaa| isI pRSTha para 'avasAna'kA viparyaya 'zAna' kA prayoga upayukta nahIM hai| 'zAna' ke sthAna para 'abhyutthAna' yA 'varadAna' zabda ke prayoga se ho rahA hai| isameM kriyA kI 'tuka' bhI mila jAtI, yathA- 'nizA kA avasAna ho rahA hai/ uSA kA abhyutthAna ho rahA hai|' isI taraha 'mukha para aMcala le kara' (pR. 1) kI jagaha aMcala meM mukha chipAye' kahIM adhika upayukta hai| apanI parAga' (pR.2) ke sthAna para apane parAga ko' honA caahie| isakI pIr3A avyaktA hai' (pR. 4) meM isakI' kI jagaha 'mama' yA 'merI' sarvanAma kA prayoga honA cAhie / isI pRSTha para 'parAkrama se rItA/ viparItA hai isakI bhAgya rekhA' meM rItA' kriyA ke sthAna 'riktA' rakhA jaataa| rItA' kI tuka meM 'viparItA vizeSaNa 'bhAgya rekhA' ke sAtha sahI nahIM baiThatA, kyoMki bhAgya rekhA strIliMga hai, ataeva strIliMga meM hI kriyA aaegii| yahA~ para bhI 'isakI' ke sthAna para 'merI' kA prayoga honA cAhie, kyoMki mA~ dharatI ke sammukha saritA taTa kI mATI svayaM hI kathana kara rahI hai, isalie prathama puruSa sarvanAma hI Ae~ge, yathA : "merI pIr3A avyaktA hai/vyakta kisake sammukha karU~ ! krama hInA hU~/parAkrama se riktA/viparIta hai merI bhaagyrekhaa|" 'ise' - 'isako' kI jagaha 'mujhe'- 'merA' sarvanAma prayukta honA caahie| isI prakAra anagita' (pR.5) nahIM, 'anaginata' zabda sahI hai / sambodhana 'beTA' (pR.7) kI jagaha 'beTI' honA caahie| 'samajhI bAta'(pR. 8) anAvazyaka ____ isI pRSTha para saMgati kA prabhAva darzAne vAlI paMktiyoM, kriyAoM kA prayoga gar3abar3A gayA hai-jaise 'giratI' ke sthAna para 'girakara' prayoga honA cAhie thaa| 'beTA' kA adhika prayoga kAvya ke sahaja pravAha meM bAdhA pahuMcAtA hai| ekAdha bAra prayoga hI ThIka hotA / phira 'isase yahI phalita huA' (pR.14) aisI samajhAiza aura niSkarSAtmaka zailI ke
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________________ 374 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kAraNa bhI kAvya ke kathA pravAha meM rukAvaTeM A gaI haiN| lekina pR. 14 para 'pAlane' kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai| ___zabda kI dhvanilaya ke AdhAra para anya sArthaka-nirarthaka zabdoM ke prayogoM kI adhikatA hai, jaise mur3anajur3ana(pR. 29), kumbhakAra-svayaMkAra-upacAra (pR. 28), sAvaraNA-sAbharaNA (pR. 30), kiyA-jiyA (pR. 30), namana-vamana (pR. 28) Adi / isase kahIM-kahIM artha saMgati nahIM bntii| lagatA hai ki amuka zabda kI dhvani-laya ke lie dUsarA zabda balAt sArthaka banAkara rakhA gayA hai| jaise kumbhakAra (zilpI) ne oMkAra ko 'namana' kiyA aura usane pahale se hI ahaMkAra kA 'vamana' kiyA hai / yahA~ 'namana' kI tuka-tAla milAne ke lie vamana' bilkula hI asaMgata hai| 'vamana' ke sthAna para 'zamana' athavA 'damana' kA prayoga ucita hotA / aise prayogoM se kAvya kI sarasatA bhaMga hotI hai| jahA~-jahA~ zabdoM kI yaha tukAtmakatA sahaja, svAbhAvika aura prasaMgAnukUla prastuta kI gaI hai, vahA~-vahA~ artha ke nae AyAma prakaTa hue haiN| kavi kI pratibhA kA camatkAra aura zabda ke chipe arthoM kA bhI sundara udghATana huA hai| jaise-cetana kI 'sRjana-zIlatA' ke sAtha 'dravaNa-zIlatA' kA prayoga (pR.16) aura Aja ke jIvana soca para-'AsthA se rItA jIvana/yaha cArmika vatana hai' (pR. 16) kahakara kavi ne Aja kI bhautika aura bhogyavAdI sabhyatA kI vAstavika pahacAna sthApita kara dI hai| isI prakAra g2Aliba kA yaha kathana ki 'darda kA hada se gujara jAnA hai davA ho jAnA' aura santa kavi kA yaha kathana- "ati ke binA/iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM/aura/iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava !/ ...pIr3A kI ati hI/pIr3A kI iti hai/aura/pIr3A kI iti hI/sukha kA atha hai" (pR.33) sundara prayoga bana par3A hai| aise hI "vAsanA kA vilAsa/moha hai,/dayA kA vikAsa/mokSa hai"(pR. 38) meM 'vilAsa' ke sAtha 'vikAsa' zabda kA prayoga apanI pUrI arthavattA prakaTa karane meM saphala hai| isI taraha 'bola kI kAyA-Dhola kI mAyA-pola kI chAyA' (pR. 118-119) ke prayogoM meM naI artha saMgati prakaTa hotI hai| saritA aura sAgara ke sambandha prasaMga meM 'samiti' aura 'pramiti' kA (pR. 119-120) sundara zAstrIya prayoga kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI nae artha kA sandhAna bhI hotA hai| dekhie- saritA caMcalA hai aura sAgara sthira gambhIra / saritA kI (caMcala jIvana kA) sAgara kI ora sarakana hI saritA kI 'samiti' hai arthAt sthAyitva se milana kA saMketa hai aura 'nirakhana' hI saritA kI pramiti' hai arthAt jo sthAI hai, usa kI ora dekhanA (nirakhana) pramiti' yAnI yathArtha satya jJAna hai| yahI 'pramiti AsthA hai| AsthA vAlI 'sakriyatA' hI 'niSThA' hai / niSThA kI mahaka hI pratiSThA' hai| yahI pratiSThA prANapratiSThA'kahalAtI hai / bahate-bahate pratiSThA kA sthira ho jAnA 'saMsthA' aura yahI saMsthA saccidAnanda saMsthA 'avyaya avasthA' (arthAt kabhI kSINa na hone vAlI) hai / yahI 'AsthA'jIvana kI nIMva hai| yahI AsthA (saccI zraddhA) dharma daSTi hai. mokSa patha hai| isa prakAra zabdoM ke sundara prayoga kavi kI apanI prAtibha zakti kA paricaya to dete hI haiM, sAtha hI kavi kI kalpanA aura abhivyakti kauzala ko bhI rekhAMkita karate haiN| hA~, yaha bAta alaga hai ki zabdoM ke aise prayogoM ne kAvya kI kathAdhArA ko avicchinna bhale hI na rahane diyA ho parantu AcArya kavi apanA Ipsita prakaTa karane meM saphala ho jAte haiN| vAstava meM adhyAtma meM AkaNTha DUbe kavi kI kAvya sAdhanA, hitopadeza pradhAna hotI hai / sva-cintana aura apane mata kI puSTi ke lie hI zabda dohana santa kavi kiyA karate haiN| isalie zAstrIya dRSTi se bhASA saundarya A nahIM pAtA / yadyapi 'mUkamATI' ke kathA pravAha ke madhya isI prakAra kI upadezAtmakatA prAya: mukhya pAtroM ke dvArA aura kahIM-kahIM svayaM kavi dvArA prakaTa kI gaI hai, phira bhI kavi ne apane zabda vidhAna dvArA bhASA saundarya kI rakSA karane kA bhI bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai| .
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : mAnava jIvana kA kalpavRkSa DaoN. esa. pI. mizra yaha kAvya tapa:pUta santa kavi vidyAsAgara dvArA viracita hai| isa kAvya ko kavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| kAvya ke ye cAra adhyAya kahe jA sakate haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - 1. prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa - lAbha', 2. dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM: bodha so zodha nahIM", 3. tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura 4. caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / pahalA khaNDa mATI kI prAthamika avasthA kA citraNa karatA hai| mATI ko zuddha karane kI prakriyA yahA~ zurU hotI hai| mATI prathamataH saMkarita hotI hai / vaha piNDa rUpa meM kaMkaroM se milI huI prAthamika dazA kA paricaya detI hai / yahA~ kumbhakAra kI kalpanA kArya karatI hai| mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa dene ke lie kumbhakAra ko use pariSkRta karanA hotA hai aura eka lambI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se use paripakva karanA hotA hai / ina paristhitiyoM kA bar3A hI sundara citraNa racanAkAra ne kiyA hai| kumbhakAra kI kalpanA racanAkAra kI kalpanA hai| saMkaratAmaya mATI ko racanAtmaka aura sArthaka rUpa dene ke lie santa kavi kI sArthaka dRSTi parilakSita hotI hai| varNalAbha dekara use sArthakatA pradAna karanA aura maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kI prakriyA racanAkAra kI sundara abhivyaMjanAtmaka zailI kA paricaya detI hai| racanAkAra kumbhakAra kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki mATI se kaMkar3oM ko nikAlakara maulika rUpa pradAna kare / zuddha mATI hI zuddha maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa grahaNa kara sakatI hai| kumbhakAra ko, mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa dene ke lie athaka parizrama karanA par3atA hai / bemela mATI ko zuddha aura suDaula rUpa denA par3atA hai, tabhI mATI ghaTa kA rUpa prApta kara pAtI hai| racanAkAra ne yaha kahanA cAhA hai ki tuccha mATI ko svaccha rUpa dene ke lie kumbhakAra ko svayaM kitanA tapanA hotA hai / agni rUpI tapa meM tapakara ghaTa paripakva kaMcana rUpa dhAraNa kara pAtA hai / kRtI kI kRti usake racanA kauzala kA hI pariNAma hotI hai| yahI kavi kA uddezya hai : " svayaM zilpI / cAlanI kA cAlaka hai / / vaha / apanI dayAvatI A~khoM se nIce utarI / nirI mATI kA / daraza karatA hai/ bhAva- sahita ho / zubha hAthoM se / kharI mATI kA / parasa karatA hai / cAva- sahita ho / aura / tana se, mana se / haraSa karatA hai / ghAva - rahita ho / anAyAsa phira / vacana - vilAsa hotA hai / usake mukha se, ki "RjutA kI yaha / parama dazA hai / aura / mRdutA kI yaha/ carama yazA hai / dhanya !" mATI kA saMzodhana huA, / mATI ko sambodhana huaa|" (pR. 44-45) mRdu mATI se kumbhakAra kA zilpa nikhara uThatA hai| zilpI kumbhakAra mRdu mATI ko saMzodhita rUpa pradAna kara use mRdutA ke carama utkarSa para pahu~cA detA hai| mATI kI bhavyatA usakI mRdutA hai / kumbhakAra mATI ko jo zAlInatA aura vaibhava detA hai vahI usakA sRjana hai| mRdu zabdoM meM zilpI kaha uThatA hai : : " mRdu mATI se / laghu jAti se/merA yaha zilpa / nikharatA hai / aura khara-kAThI se / guru jAti se / vaha avilamba / bikharatA hai / " (pR. 45) zilpI ne saMkara doSa kA vAraNa karake kaMkara - koSa ko haTA diyaa| zilpI ne kaMkaroM ko unakI asthiratA kA bodha
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________________ 376 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA karAyA / mATI svayaM kaMkaroM ko apanI sthiti kA AbhAsa detI hai| mATI kI zAlInatA svayaMsiddha hai : "mATI kI zAlInatA/kucha dezanA detI-sI...! mahAsattA-mA~ kI gaveSaNA/samIcInA eSaNA/aura saMkIrNa-sattA kI virecanA/avazya karanI hai tumheM!/artha yaha huAlaghutA kA tyajana hI/gurutA kA yajana hI/zubha kA sRjana hai| apAra sAgara kA pAra/pA jAtI hai nAva/ho usameM cheda kA abhAva bhara !" (pR. 51) isa khaNDa meM machalI kA prasaMga bhI varNita hai| machalI mATI se alaga hokara kucha prazna karatI hai jisako mA~ mATI samajhAtI hai / mA~ kahatI hai : "samajhane kA prayAsa karo, beTA !/sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha/sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI sat-yuga hai, beTA !/aura/asat viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai, beTA!" (pR. 83) ___ mATI mA~ putrI-sama machalI ko sArI paristhitiyA~ samajhAtI hai aura viSayoM kI laharoM se bacakara rahane kA upadeza detI hai| vaha kahatI hai : "yahI kahanA hai beTA !/ki/apane jIvana-kAla meM/chalI machaliyoM-sI chalI nahIM bananA/viSayoM kI laharoM meM/bhUla kara bhI/mata calI bananA ? aura suno, beTA/mAsUma machalI rahanA,/yahI samAdhi kI janI hai|" (pR. 87-88) isa khaNDa kA samApana 'dayAvisaddho dhammo' kI dhvani ga~jane ke sAtha hotA hai| isa meM racanAkAra ne mATI kI racanA kI pRSThabhUmi dI hai| ___ isa pUre khaNDa meM racanAkAra ne mATI kI racanA prakriyA se sambandhita sabhI pakSoM kA udghATana kiyA hai| zilpI kumbhakAra mATI ke sAre doSoM kA nivAraNa kara use zAlIna rUpa detA hai / mATI kI zAlInatA meM usake zuddhIkaraNa kI prakriyA Acchanna hai / antarakathA ke rUpa meM kaMkara aura machalI ke prasaMga ko jala ke sAtha varNita karanA kavi kI vizeSa dRSTi hai / isa prakriyA meM kavi ne apane darzana aura cintana ko AdhAra banAyA hai jisase varNana meM gambhIratA aura bhavyatA AI hai| kavi kI antarbhedI dRSTi mATI ko varNalAbha dilAne meM sArthaka pratIta hotI hai| sarAhanIya yaha hai ki cintanaparaka dRSTi hote hue bhI kAvya kI sahajatA aura saralatA para koI A~ca nahIM AI hai| mATI ko varNalAbha dene taka kavi kI dRSTi atyanta spaSTa aura sulajhI huI dikhAI detI hai| bhAvAbhivyaMjanA sarala aura sampreSaNIya hai| pAThaka ko mATI kI isa yAtrA se eka dRSTi milatI hai aura yaha cetanA hI manuSya kI apanI thAtI hai| dUsarA khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' zIrSaka se abhihita hai / isa khaNDa meM spaSTa rUpa se zabda ke bodha ko spaSTa karate hue kavi ne bodha se zodha taka kI yAtrA taya kI hai / mUkamATI kI yAtrA kA agalA caraNa prArambha hotA hai / jala mATI ke sAtha milakara nava prANa pAtA hai / mATI jJAna kA aura pAnI ajJAna kA pratIka hai / mATI cira aura
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 377 sthiraprajJa hai tathA jala asthira, caMcala, acira / jJAnI mATI se mila kara ajJAnI jala ne prANavattA pAI hai / asthira tathA acira ko sthiratA aura ciratA milI hai / yahI usakA nayA kAyAkalpa hai, nUtana parivartana hai / kavi apanI darzanaparaka dRSTi kA paricaya dete hue cetanA ke cirantana nartana kI bAta kahatA hai : "mATI ke prANoM meM jA,/pAnI ne vahA~/nava-prANa pAyA hai, jJAnI ke padoM meM jA/ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai| asthira ko sthiratA milI/acira ko ciratA milI/nava-nUtana parirvatana ! tana meM cetana kA/cirantana nartana hai yaha/vaha kauna-sI A~kheM haiM, kisa kI, kahA~ haiM jinheM sambhava hai/isa nartana kA darzana yaha ?" (pR. 89-90) isa dUsare khaNDa meM kavi ne aneka caraNoM tathA AyAmoM meM apanA mantavya aMkita kiyA hai| pUre kAvya meM kavi ne prakRti kI chavi kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| prakRti kA pariveza kisa prakAra vAtAvaraNa ko prabhAvita karatA hai, Rtue~ prakRti meM kyA parivartana lAtI haiM, Adi tathyoM kA citraNa kavi ne bar3e manoyoga se kiyA hai| bIca-bIca meM mATI aura zilpI ke bIca vArtAlApa hotA rahatA hai / isa kathopakathana se kathA kA prasaMga to Age bar3hatA hI hai, sAtha hI kathya aura tathya donoM spaSTa hote haiM tathA pAThaka ko kAvya kI mUlacetanA ko samajhane meM saralatA hotI hai| kavi ne yahA~ apanI dArzanika aura cintanamaya dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai / mATI kA sambodhana kitanA cintanamaya aura darzanamaya hai : "are suno !/kumbhakAra kA svabhAva-zIla/kahA~ jJAta hai tumheM ? jo apAra aparampAra/kSamA-sAgara ke usa pAra ko/pA cukA hai kSamA kI mUrti/kSamA kA avatAra hai vaha / " (pR. 105) isa khaNDa meM zRMgAra, vIra Adi nava rasoM kI vyAkhyA tathA Akalana kiyA gayA hai / zRMgAra aura vIra Adi rasoM kI maulika vyAkhyA bhI milatI hai / mATI kI yAtrA-vyAkhyA meM gaNitIya saMyoga bhI kavi ne kiyA hai jo maulika avadhAraNA hai| zabdoM kA mArjana- pariSkaraNa isa khaNDa meM adhika dikhAI detA hai| bodha jaba AcaraNa meM utara jAtA hai taba zodha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / isakI bar3I sundara vyAkhyA kavi ne apanI lekhanI se kI hai / isa khaNDa meM tapaHpUta kavi ne tapasyA ke prabhutva ko bhI sthApita kiyA hai| kaMcana tapakara hI kundana bana jAtA hai| binA tapasyA ke pariSkAra sambhava nahIM aura binA pariSkAra tathA mArjana ke sArthakatA prApta nahIM ho sktii| kavi kahatA hai : "binA tapa ke jalatva kA, ajJAna kA,/vilaya ho nahIM sakatA/aura binA tapa ke jalatva kA, varSA kA,/udaya ho nahIM sakatA tapa ke abhAva meM hI/tapatA rahA hai antarmana yaha analpa saMkalpa-vikalpoM se, kalpa-kAloM se|" (pR. 176) analpa saMkalpa-vikalpoM se kalpa kAloM se mATI kI kathA aba tIsare caraNa meM pahu~catI hai| kavi ne isa khaNDa kA zIrSaka 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' diyA hai / kavi ne mATI kI isa vikAsa kathA ko arjana tathA upalabdhi ke dharAtala para citrAMkita kiyA hai / zIrSaka kI spaSTa abhivyakti hai ki puNya ke pAlana se hI pApa kA prakSAlana hotA hai| prakRti kA niyama hai ki mahAsAgara ke jala se megha kA sRjana hotA hai / jala hI muktA aura muktA hI jala hai| inhIM muktAoM kA varSaNa kumbhakAra ke prAMgaNa meM hotA hai / vasudhA ina muktAoM ko pA kara sArthaka ho jAtI hai, lahalahA jAtI
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________________ 378 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai aura zasya zyAmalA bana jAtI hai| inhIM muktAoM ko prApta karane kA adhikAra usa kumbhakAra ko hai jisane eka lambI sAdhanA aura tapasyA ke bAda saMkara varNa mATI ko zuddha rUpa dekara maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa diyA hai / jo sAdhanAhIna, tapasyAhIna prabhutva hai vaha muktAoM ko baTora lenA cAhatA hai| use yaha nahIM mAlama ki paruSArtha ke binA. tapasyA aura sAdhanA ke binA muktAoM ko prApta karanA adharma hai, pApa hai / jo sAdhanA meM jalatA hai, jise jala aura jvalana meM antara anubhava nahIM hotA vahI isa muktA ko prApta karane ko adhikArI hai / kumbha kI tapasyA svayaM bola uThatI hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA/bheda se abheda kI ora veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie/anyathA, vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai/yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai|" (pR. 267) lokahita sAdhaka zItalatA aura jvAlA meM antara anubhava nahIM karatA hai / nirantara sAdhanA se zeSa azeSa ho jAtA hai, bheda se abheda ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka-kavi kI antarbhedI dRSTi ne isa khaNDa ko adhika utkarSa pradAna kiyA hai| mATI ko nirmala dRSTi aura sudRr3ha AsthA kA AdhAra milA hai| kavi kI AsthA hI racanA ko paripakvatA detI hai, kaMcana rUpI paripakvatA detI hai| paripakva sAdhanA hI loka maMgala karatI hai / loka maMgala hI jIvana kA abhISTa hai / loka maMgala kI ora manuSya ko prerita karanA hI santa kavi kA carama lakSya hai| prakRti kA ciranUtana prasaMga sadaiva kAvya ke sAtha pravAhita hotA hai jisase kavitA meM saundarya bar3ha jAtA hai / isa khaNDa kI bhASA bar3I pariSkRta tathA prAMjala hai aura bhAvAbhivyaMjanA bar3I sazakta hai| isa kAvya kA cauthA aura antima khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka se abhihita hai| isa khaNDa kA kathA-phalaka bahuta vistRta aura vyApaka hai / antaraprasaMga bhI adhika haiN| eka lambI yAtrA aura sAdhanA ke bAda isa sopAna para Akara aparipakva kumbha pakakara maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| jaba taka kumbha paka nahIM jAtA hai taba taka kumbhakAra apanI tapasyA aura sAdhanA meM satata lIna rahatA hai| agni meM praveza dilAkara kambhakAra use satata jalate rahane denA cAhatA hai / cA~dI-sI rAkha maMgala ghaTa kI zubhratA, zuddhatA aura paripakvatA kI dyotaka hai| kumbhakAra kI kalA aura usake sAdhanA ghaTa ko maMgalamaya banAtI hai jisameM jala rUpI muktA bharI jAe~gI aura vaha lokahita meM saMsAra kI tRSNA ko, tRSA ko tRpta kregaa| kavi kA yaha kahanA ni:sandeha anubhavagamya hai ki apane ko jalAnA hI zuddhatA kA paricAyaka hai / vahI dUsare ke doSoM ko bhI jalA sakatA hai jo jalakara svayaM pariSkRta, susaMskRta evaM santa-prakRti kA ho gayA ho| avA meM satata jalanA, tapanA hI kumbha kA jIvana dharma hai / kumbhakAra svayaM apane kauzala se, apanI tapasyA se kumbha ko kaMcana rUpa dekara usake svAgata ke lie taiyAra hotA hai / kRti aura kRtI donoM dhanya ho jAte haiN| kumbhakAra sollAsa cA~dI-sI rAkha ko phAvar3e se haTAkara tape hue kumbha ko bAhara nikAlatA hai| kumbhakAra ne ise maMgala rUpa dene ke lie kaThina sAdhanA kI hai| Aja kumbhakAra kI sAdhanA kA hI suphala hai ki mUkamATI mukhara tathA prANavAn ho gaI hai| vaha maMgala gAna karatI hai / Ananda aura maMgala kI saMracanA hI mATI kA antima lakSya hai aura kavi jIvana kA bhii| kitane sopAnoM ko pAra kara mATI ne Aja kaMcanamaya kharA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hai / mUkamATI ko zabdAyamAn karane kA, sAkAra rUpa dene kA jo athaka prayAsa santa kavi kI racanA tapasyA ne kiyA hai, vaha nitAnta stutya hai| antata: maMgala ghaTa kA nirmANa eka hita hai to dUsarA hita, jo apane carmotkarSa para hai, vaha hai, pyAse kI tRSA ko bujhA denA / mATI kI zuddhatA kI sAkSI to agni hI hai| agni sRjanazIlA hai / vaha doSoM kA parihAra karatI hai /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 379 kumbhakAra kI zreSThatA isI meM siddha hotI hai ki vaha itanI bar3I racanA karake bhI, itanA bar3A sRjaka hokara bhI vinamratA kI mudrA meM kaha uThatA hai : "yaha saba/RSi-santoM kI kRpA hai,/unakI hI sevA meM rata eka jaghanya sevaka hU~ mAtra,/aura kucha nhiiN|" (pR. 484) kavi mokSa kI paribhASA bhI detA hai / vaha kahatA hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA/AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| isI kI zuddha-dazA meM/avinazvara sukha hotA hai| jise/prApta hone ke bAda,/yahA~/saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai tuma hI batAo!" (pR. 486-487) kavi kumbhakAra ne mATI ko geya to banAyA hI hai, sAtha hI vahI mATI hemamayI ho gaI hai| hema-AbhA se usakA mukhamaNDala pradIpta ho uThA hai / maMgala ghaTa ke bhare jala se Aja guru kA pAda prakSAlana ho sakegA / zramaNa-sAdhanA kA carmotkarSa upasthita ho sakegA aura paramAnanda akSaya sukha kA vizvAsa jAgegA / manuSya kI bhavyatA tathA mUlyavattA isI meM hai ki vaha bhole-bhAle, bhUle-bhaTake, vinIta bhAva se bhare hue sahaja, sarala tathA akiMcana kI sahAyatA kre| use hitamita-miSTa vacanoM se AplAvita kara de| sAdhanA kI sArthakatA vahI hai jise jIvana meM utArA jA sake tathA apanAyA jA sake aura jIvana meM Azvasta banAyA jA sake / rAga meM hI virAga hai aura virAga meM raag| santa ina donoM se Upara uThatA hai| taba na usameM rAga hotA hai aura na hI virAga / vaha to RSi hai, guNAtIta hai, ArSa paramparA kA pratIka hai| usakA prasAda ArAdhaka ko bar3I sAdhanA ke bAda hI milatA hai / mudita mukha guru kA prasAda hI abhaya kA hAtha hai jo bhAvoM se bharA huA hai, zAzvata sukha kA dAtA hai / abhaya kA hAtha uTha jAne para sAdhaka kA parama kalyANa hotA hai| __ AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA racita yaha 'mUkamATI' kAvya hindI sAhitya kI nahIM apitu bhAratIya sAhitya kI anupama upalabdhi hai / hameM AzA hai ki kAvyamayI AdhyAtmika cintana aura darzana kI paricarcA jahA~ hogI, vahA~ isakA sandarbha avazya diyA jaaegaa| AdhyAtmika antazcetanA ko mATI meM sAnakara yazasvI santa kavi ne mAnava samAja tathA sudhI pAThakoM ke lie maMgalamaya ghaTa kA nirmANa kiyA hai / apane kavi jIvana ke anubhavoM ke rasa se siMcita kara kavi ne kAvya ko bhavyatA aura saralatA pradAna kI hai| kavi kA yaha sandeza hai ki manuSya apanI AtmA kA uddhAra apane puruSArtha se hI kara sakatA hai aura tabhI use avinazvara sukha prApta ho sakatA hai / kavi kI lekhanI ne mUka mATI ko abAdhita jaladhArA kA rUpa diyA hai| kavitA dhArApravAha, abAdhita saritA ke rUpa meM pravahamAna hai| 'mUkamATI' meM kavi ne saralatA, AdhyAtmikatA, darzana evaM cintana tathA preraNAdAyaka anubhavagamya srotoM se kAvya ko kalpavRkSa ke samAna jIvanta aura prANavAn banA diyA hai| yadi ise mAnava jIvana kA kalpavRkSa kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogii| yaha racanA kavi kI paripakvatA kA dyotaka hai tathA mahAkAvyocita audAtya ko dhAraNa karane vAlA eka abhinava kAvya hai| tapa:pUta santa kavi kI kAvya pratibhA se sampanna evaM prazasta zailI kA yaha kAvya sampUrNa mAnava samAja kA hita sAdhaka hai / isa kAvya kI saphalatA yaha hai ki racanAkAra ne apanI sAdhanA se, karmaThatA aura AtmavizvAsa se tuccha mATI ko bhI hemamaya kumbha banA diyA hai / yaha nagnikA kAyA mUlata: mUkamATI hI hai / racanAkAra ise sundara pakva ghaTa kA rUpa dekara hameM preraNA detA hai ki hama jIvana ghaTa ko bhI pakAe~ aura bhavya maMgala ghaTa kA rUpa deN| manuSya apanI sAdhanA se saMracanAkAra kI sAdhanA ke mAdhyama rUpa guru ko prasanna kare aura usakA avinazvara prasAda grahaNa kare / kavi-karma, darzana
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________________ 380 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura adhyAtma kI triveNI isa kAvya meM pravAhita ho rahI hai| isa kAvya saritA kI triveNI ne ise pavitra saMgama tIrtharAja kA rUpa diyA hai, jisameM avagAhana kara hRdaya aura buddhi nirmala ho jAtI hai / sundara bhAvAbhivyaMjanA, sarasa kAvya zailI aura sarala bhASA meM nibaddhakara yaha anUThI racanA prastuta kI gaI hai / darzana kA sudhArasa pilA dene ke kAraNa isa kAvya meM puSTatA, paripakvatA aura sauSThava kA guNa AyA hai| isase kAvya meM gurutA bhI AI hai / kavi apane bhAvoM ko citravat akhaNDa rUpa meM vyakta karane meM samartha hai / AsthA, AzA aura vizvAsa ke svara yatra-tatra-sarvatra kRti meM gUMja rahe haiN| mATI jaisI akiMcana parantu mUlyavAn vastu ko itane sundara aura bhavya rUpa meM prastuta kara denA aura usakI chipI huI mUka vedanA ko pahacAna kara mukharita kara denA evaM sAkAra rUpa pradAna kara denA, racanAkAra kI abhUtapUrva saphalatA hai / mUkamATI ko maMgala ghaTa rUpa meM parivartita kara denA kumbhakAra kI, isa racanAkAra kI saphala sAdhanA hai / anavarata, athaka parizrama kA yaha suphala hai| Aja ke sAmayika sandarbha meM bhI yaha kAvya adhika mUlyavAn, jIvanta evaM prANavAn siddha hotA hai / mUkamATI ke samAna vizva meM na jAne kitane loga nirIha, pada dalita aura vyathita haiN| unakI mUka vedanA ko pahacAna kara use prANavAn banA denA bahuta kaThina kintu Avazyaka hai| sabhI meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM mUkamATI jaisI vedanA antarnihita hai aura guru kA prasAda grahaNa kara mukti kI AkAMkSA sabhI karate haiN| mUkamATI kI vedanA aura use kaMcana rUpa dene kI cetanA vizva bhAvanA se otaprota aura parivyApta hai / jIvana ke unnayana, Atma zuddhi aura darzana lAbha meM isakI pariNati huI hai| saphala racanAkAra ke rUpa meM aura dArzanika dRSTi se vizva ko pahacAnane kI zakti aura antardRSTi santa kavi meM dikhAI detI hai / kavi svayaM zilpI kumbhakAra evaM racanAkAra hai jisane mAnava jIvana kI dhruvasattA ko pahacAnA hai / racanAkAra aura racanA kI sAdhanA kI carama upalabdhi yahI hai : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI/magara mArga meM nahIM, maMjila para !/aura/mahA-mauna meM/DUbate hue santa.. aura mAhaula ko/animeSa nihaartii-sii/"muukmaattii|" (pR. 488) yaha kAvya mAnava jIvana kA adhyAtma cintanaparaka kAvya hai / mahAkAvyocita audAtya hone ke kAraNa ise svacchanda evaM svatantra dRSTi se mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai / lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM kA mahAvizAlakAya kAvya mAnava jIvana ko preraNA dene vAlA anupama kAvya hai / mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya pratimAnoM ke AdhAra para, bhale hI yaha mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM na svIkArya ho parantu udAttatA, garimA, antardRSTi aura anubhava kI gaharAI ko dekhate hue ise mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / yaha kAvya mAnava jIvana kA anamola ratna hai| nizA kA avasAna rahA hai UpA kI abazAna rahI hai|
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________________ jaina dharma-darzana aura sAhitya kA amara koza : 'mUkamATI' __DaoN. rAjakumAra pANDeya evaM DaoN. gaNeza zukla 'mUkamATI' jaina dharma-darzana ke prakhyAta vidvAn evaM mahAn sAdhaka AcArya vidyAsAgara kI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa kAvya-racanA hai / vAstava meM isa kRti ko mahAkAvya na kahakara jaina dharma-darzana aura sAhitya kA amara koza kahanA adhika upayukta hai / AcAryavara ne jahA~ eka ora sAhitya kI sampUrNa sambhAvanAoM ko sa~jo kara rasa-chanda-alaMkAroM se susajjita karake AkhyAnoM aura upAkhyAnoM kA samAveza karate hue lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM meM phaile hue tathA cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta isa mahAkAvya kA vizAla svarUpa saMgaThita kiyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora adhyAtma, tattva darzana evaM yoga sAdhanA ke vividha sopAnoM, Atmazuddhi kI aneka maMz2iloM, jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM tathA loka maMgala-kAmanA se jur3I huI AtmA ke saMgIta ko bhI isa kAvya meM mukharita kiyA hai / isa kRti meM mukta chanda kA jIvanta pravAha aura kAvya ke rasAsvAdana kI antaraMga anubhUti to hai hI, piNDa aura brahmANDa, jIvana aura jagat, vyaSTi aura samaSTi ke samanvaya kA isameM sArthaka prayAsa bhI hai| sampUrNa mahAkAvya apane maulika rUpa meM eka sArthaka pratIkAtmaka kAvya hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki sAdhanA aura darzana ke samAveza ke kAraNa pratIka yojanA kahIM-kahIM durUha evaM ulajhI huI bhI hameM pratIta hotI hai| madhyayugIna santa kaviyoM kI taraha ve sAndhya bhASA meM apanI bhAvanAoM, anubhUtiyoM aura vicAroM kI abhivyakti karate haiM jise jaina dharmadarzana evaM sAdhanA ke vividha staroM kI vaiyaktika anubhUti ke binA pUrI taraha samajha pAnA kaThina hai / yadyapi ve mATI jaisI kSudra, pada dalita evaM nirIha vastu ko apane kAvya kA viSaya banAte haiM kintu mATI ke zodhana kI vaha prakriyA, jisakA vizleSaNa sAdhaka kavi ne kiyA hai, Upara se jitanI sarala, sugama aura vyavasthita dikhAI par3atI hai para vaha vAstava meM vaisI nahIM hai, kyoMki Atmazodhana kI sampUrNa prakriyAe~ sAdhanA kI dRSTi se atyanta kaThina, jaTila evaM zrama sAdhya haiN| ___ yahA~ sabase pahale isa mahAkAvya kI pratIka yojanA para vicAra karanA upayukta hogaa| isameM mATI' rUpI AtmA ko pratIka banAyA gayA hai / isa mahAkAvya ke Arambha meM 'mATI' ke parizodhana kI prakriyA kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| usakA pariSkaraNa isalie Avazyaka hai ki apanI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa vaha kaMkar3a-patthara jaise nirarthaka sAMsArika padArthoM se jur3I huI hai| kUTanA, chAnanA, kaMkar3oM ko haTAnA Adi sAdhanA kI prArambhika sthitiyA~ haiM, jinaka maMgala ghaTa banane ke yogya ho sakatA hai| sabase pahale isa mATI' ke bhItara svataH sphUrta kAmanA prasphuTita hotI hai aura use apanI vAstavika sattA kA bodha hone lagatA hai / usake sAtha dhRti-dhAraNI dharA, usa mATI ko usakI sattA ke vAstavika, zAzvata svarUpa kA smaraNa dilAtI hai ki usameM vikAsa kI asaMkhya sambhAvanAe~ nihita haiM kintu isake lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane jIvana meM AsthA kI anubhUti kare aura use AtmasAt kara le| phira vaha samaya A jAtA hai jaba kumbhakAra apanI krUra, kaThora kudAlI se usa miTTI ko khodatA hai, use borI meM bharatA hai aura gadahe kI pITha para lAda detA hai| isake bAda sAdhanA dvArA zodhana-parizodhana kI prakriyA Arambha hotI hai| usase kaMkar3a-patthara Adi vastue~ alaga kI jAtI haiM, kyoMki ve kaMkar3a pUrI taraha na to mATI se mila pAte haiM aura na hI unameM jaladhAraNa kI kSamatA hI hai| _ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM nibaddha isa rUpaka kA tAtparya yaha hai ki koI bhI jIva tabhI sAdhanA ke lie prastuta ho sakatA hai jaba usake andara svata: sAdhanA kI bhAvanA jAgrata ho / guru usameM yaha kSamatA paidA kara detA hai| phira usake lie Avazyaka hotA hai ki vaha sAMsArikatA se apane ko pUrI taraha alaga kara le, kyoMki sAMsArika vastuoM meM unakI
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________________ 382 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kRpA rUpI jaladhAraNa kI kSamatA nahIM hotI aura na to unakI kaThoratA hI vinamratA meM badalatI hai| sAdhanA kI yaha prakriyA kevala mATI yA cetana ikAI taka hI sImita nahIM rahatI, anya meM bhI hotI hai| isameM usakA upAdAna kAraka rUpa vaha svayaM to hai hI, sAtha hI nimitta rUpa sampUrNa prakRti aura anya cetana zakti bhI gatizIla ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra yaha prakriyA eka hI samaya do staroM para calatI hai jisase tamAma granthiyA~ nirgrantha ho jAtI haiN| yaha granthi hI mUlata: hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai aura nirgrantha sthiti meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa hotA hai| isa mahAkAvya ke dUsare khaNDa - 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM sAdhanA ke vibhinna sopAnoM aura unakI jaTilatAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake prabhAva se acetana mATI mAtrAnukUla nirmala jala se bhIgakara komala ho jAtI hai| usake karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meM 'nava nUtana parivartana' hotA hai aura usake tana meM cetanA kA nirantara nartana hone lagatA hai, kyoMki puruSa-AtmA kA prakRti meM ramanA hI mokSa hai| sAdhanA ke isa krama meM samAja ke kaNTaka vikhaNDita hote haiM. TaTa jAte haiN| zilpI mATI kA mAna, darpa, ahaMkAra Adi vibhAvoM ko kacala kara. rauMda kara use snigdha banA detA hai jisase ki vaha sAdhanA kI uccatara kriyAoM ke yogya bana jAtI hai| vaha mATI pAvana ghaTa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho nikhara uThatI hai / sAdhanA ke isa kaThina sopAna para bhI mATI meM kucha na kucha ajJAnatA kA jala zeSa raha jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa use phira pracaNDa anala kI jvAlA meM dagdha honA par3atA hai| tIsare khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' meM isa ghaTa kI agalI vikAsa kathA ko vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM puNya karma ke uparAnta hI zreyaskara upalabdhiyA~ milatI haiN| yahA~ megha se 'megha muktA' kA avataraNa sAdhanA ke bAda bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika upalabdhi evaM alaukika Ananda kI anubhUti kA paricAyaka hai| kumbhakAra kA prAMgaNa arthAt yaha sampUrNa sRSTi Ananda rUpI muktA kI varSA se paripUrNa ho jAtA hai / yadi isa upalabdhi ko ucita pAtra ke atirikta koI zaktizAlI vyakti, jaise rAjA Adi balapUrvaka prApta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai to prAkRtika zaktiyA~ kSubdha athavA kupita ho jAtI haiM aura aise vyakti ko vinAza kI ora agrasara karA detI haiN| cauthA khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' hai jisameM sAdhanA kI carama pariNati ke rUpa meM ghaTa ko prajvalita avA meM tapane kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / anala kA sparza pAkara ghaTa kI kAyA kAnti jala uThatI hai kintu dUsarI ora usakI AtmA ujjvala hokara sahaja zAnti aura Ananda se paripUrNa bhI ho jAtI hai| kumbhakAra isa pake hue pUrNa ghaTa ko zraddhAlu nagara seTha ko samarpita kara detA hai jisase ki isameM pAvana jala bhara kara guru kA pAda-prakSAlana kiyA jA sake / aura isI ke sAtha sAdhu ke AhAra dAna kI prakriyA kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI ora svarNa-kalaza ko isa miTTI ke ghaTa se IrSyA hone lagatI hai, kyoMki yaha miTTI kA ghaTa apanI sAdhanA ke kAraNa adhika sammAnita ho gayA hai / svarNa kalaza apane AtaMkavAdI dala ke dvArA gRhastha seTha parivAra meM viplava macA detA hai| ghaTa ke Azraya se gRhastha parivAra vahA~ se nikala kara nadI ke usa pAra calA jAtA hai, jabaki AtaMkavAdI dala nadI kI dhArA meM DUbane-utarAne lagatA hai| use bhI kumbha kI preraNA para seTha parivAra Azraya detA hai / aura anta meM santa ke dvArA dezanA yA upadeza diyA jAtA hai / tana, mana aura vacana -- ye saba bandhana haiM / inase chUTa jAnA hI mokSa hai / phalazruti ke rUpa meM isa mahAkAvya kA pramukha lakSya jaina dharma-darzana aura usake mUla siddhAntoM evaM sAdhanA ke vividha sopAnoM kI punarvyAkhyA karanA hai| Arambha meM hI mATI ko sambodhita karatI huI dharatI kahatI hai ki jala kI bUMdeM viSadhara ke mukha meM par3a kara viSa aura sIpa meM girakara motI bana jAtI haiM, kyoMki saMgati ke anurUpa hI jIva ke mana aura buddhi kA vikAsa hotA hai / aura jaba jIvana AsthA se pUrI taraha jur3a jAtA hai to usakA mArga svayaM prazasta hone lagatA hai : "...jIvana kA/AsthA se vAstA hone para/rAstA svayaM zAstA hokara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 383 sambodhita karatA sAdhaka ko/sAthI bana sAtha detA hai|" (pR. 9) isa AsthA ko AtmasAt karane ke lie sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM svayaM ko DhAlanA par3atA hai| use pratikAra kI pAraNA chor3anI par3atI hai| karmoM kA saMzleSaNa honA aura usakA vizleSaNa honA AtmA kI isI pariNati para AdhArita hai| kavi ke anusAra prakRti kA yaha zAzvata niyama hai ki 'ati' ke binA iti' se sAkSAtkAra sambhava hI nahIM hai| aura 'iti' ke binA atha' kA darzana bhI asambhava hai / jaba pIr3A kI ati ho jAtI hai to vahA~ se sukha Arambha ho jAtA hai| kavi ne Age cala kara vAsanA ke vibhinna rUpoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| isa vAsanA kA vilAsa moha hai aura dayA kA vikAsa mokSa hai| isalie 'pApI se nahIM, pApa se ; paMkaja se nahIM, paMka se ghRNA karanI cAhie'- yahI isa mahAkAvya kI jagamagAtI jIvana dRSTi hai / ___saMyama aura ahiMsA ke binA mAnava jIvana kI koI sArthakatA nahIM hotI / yaha ahiMsA nirgrantha dazA meM hI vikasita hotI hai / kavi ke anusAra : ___ "sat-yuga ho yA kaliyuga/bAharI nahIM/bhItarI ghaTanA hai vaha sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA !" (pR. 83) kavi, mATI ko mAdhyama banAkara 'sallekhanA' kI vyAkhyA bhI karatA hai| kAya aura kaSAya ko kRza karanA hI sallekhanA hai / jaba manuSya ko jJAna kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai to usakA citta sthira ho jAtA hai aura tana meM cetanA kA nirantara nartana hone lagatA hai / Age cala kara zilpI ke mAdhyama se kavi ne jaina dharma ke mahAbhAva kI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai : "khammAmi, khamaMtu me-/kSamA karatA hU~ sabako,/kSamA cAhatA hU~ sabase, sabase sadA-sahaja basa/maitrI rahe merI !" (pR. 105) kavi ne kaNTaka aura zilpI ke vArtAkrama meM moha aura mokSa kI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| vAstava meM yaha santa ke dvArA pravakta eka prakAra kI lakSaNA hai / zilpI ke anusAra : "apane ko chor3akara/para-padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI/moha kA pariNAma hai aura/saba ko chor3akara/apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI/mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR. 109-110) jaina dharma meM mauna kA vizeSa mahattva hai / kathA prasaMgoM ke bIca zilpI aura mATI donoM use nihArate haiN| isa mauna kI bhI apanI bhASA hotI hai / use jo suna sakatA hai, vaha mauna se bar3A hotA hai / Age cala kara kavi prakRti aura puruSa ke sambandhoM kI bhI vyAkhyA karatA hai aura mAnava mAtra ko dayA aura abhaya kA upadeza detA hai : "sadaya bano!/adaya para dayA karo/abhaya bano! sabhaya para kiyA karo abhaya ko/amRta-maya vRSTi sadA-sadA sadAzaya-dRSTi/2 jiyA, samaSTi jiyA karo !" (pR. 149) sAdhaka kavi sRSTi ke vAstavika satya kI ora bhI hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa karAtA hai| isa sRSTi meM jIva kA janma aura maraNa donoM hI aTala haiN| yaha AnA yAnI janana-utpAda hai aura jAnA yAnI maraNa-vyaya hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM :
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________________ 384 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " 'utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya-yuktaM sat'/santoM se yaha sUtra milA hai isameM ananta kI astimA/simaTa-sI gaI hai| yaha vaha darpaNa hai,/jisameM/bhUta, bhAvita aura sambhAvita saba kucha jhilamilA rahA hai / " (pR. 184) sAdhaka kavi ne isa mahAkAvya ke cauthe khaNDa meM niyama-saMyama ke mahattva kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura usake bAda darzana zabda kI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai / isa darzana kA srota mastaka hai tathA svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai: "svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai |/anek saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vyasta jIvana darzana kA hotA hai |/...drshn kA Ayudha zabda hai-vicAra, adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai/sarvathA stabdha-nirvicAra !" (pR. 288-289) anta meM atithi sAdhu kI abhivandanA, pAda-abhiSeka, pUjana aura AhAra dAna kI prakriyA kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / atithi sAdhu apane ziSya seTha kI samasta jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna karatA hai aura niyati tathA puruSArtha ke sambandhoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai : " 'ni' yAnI nija meM hI/'yati' yAnI yatana-sthiratA hai apane meM lIna honA hI niyati hai/nizcaya se yahI yati hai,/aura 'puruSa' yAnI AtmA paramAtmA hai/ artha' yAnI prAptavya prayojana hai AtmA ko chor3akara/saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI sahI puruSArtha hai|" (pR. 349) vAstava meM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya sAdhaka santa kI sAdhanA kI eka aisI upalabdhi hai jisameM jaina dharma-darzana evaM sAdhanA ke atyanta sUkSma, gUr3ha evaM rahasyamaya tattvoM kI pUrNa vyAkhyA huI hai| sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI isa mahAkAvya kI aneka maulika upalabdhiyoM ko rekhAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai / kavi ne svayaM 'sAhitya' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai/aura sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai,/artha yaha huA ki jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava-sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai|" (pR. 111) sAhitya ke bhAva pakSa kA jahA~ taka prazna hai isa kRti meM kavi ne Adyanta apanI komala bhAvanAoM evaM sAdhanAgata anubhUtiyoM kA yugapat vyApaka citraNa kiyA hai| prakRti ke suramya, mAdaka, mohaka rUpoM kI abhivyaMjanA meM kavi ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai / isa abhivyaMjanA meM sImAtIta zUnya meM nIlimA bichI huI hai, prAcI ke adharoM para manda madhurima muskAna khela rahI hai| kahIM sindUrI dhUla uTha rahI hai to kahIM lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM DUbatI huI kumudinI hai / astAcala meM jAte hue sUrya kA varNana kavi ina zabdoM meM karatA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 385 "avilamba udayAcala para car3ha kara bhI/vilamba se astAcala ko chU pAte dinakara ko/apanI yAtrA pUrNa karane meM/adhika samaya laga rahA hai|" (pR. 178) __ jaise-jaise Rtue~ badalatI haiM prakRti kA svarUpa bhI badalane lagatA hai / grISma kI tapana Arambha hote hI lacakatI latikA kI mRdutA, pakva phaloM kI madhutA, manda pavana kA jhoMkA, pala-pala patroM kI karatala dhvaniyA~ saba kucha kho jAtI haiN| phira tapana ke bAda AkAza meM bAdala chAne lagate haiM : "sAgara se gAgara bhara-bhara/apAra jala ke niketa huI haiN| gajagAminI, bhrama-bhAminI/dubalI-patalI kaTi vAlI gagana kI galI meM abalA-sI/tIna badalI nikala par3I haiN|" (pR. 199) ____ kavi ne isa mahAkAvya meM prAya: sabhI rasoM kA samAveza kiyA hai kintu usakA priya rasa zRMgAra, zAnta aura karuNa hai / zilpI ke mAdhyama se vaha zRMgAra ko sambodhita karatA hai : "he zRMgAra !/svIkAra karo yA na karo yaha tathya hai ki,/hara prANI sukha kA pyAsA hai|" (pR. 141) eka mahAn sAdhaka santa hone ke kAraNa kavi karuNa rasa aura karuNA kA pUrNa citraNa evaM samyak vizleSaNa karate haiN| kintu ve karuNa rasa meM zAnta rasa ke antarbhAva ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unake anusAra karuNa rasa eka nadI kI taraha hai jo dAha ko miTAtA hai : "karuNA tarala hai, bahatI hai/para se prabhAvita hotI hai jhaTa -sii| zAnta-rasa kisI bahAva meM/bahatA nahIM kbhii|" (pR.156-157) kAvya kI dRSTi se isa kRti meM alaMkAroM kI chaTA to dekhate hI banatI hai| prAyaH sabhI alaMkAroM kA prayoga isa kRti meM kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta sthAna-sthAna para muhAvaroM kA bhI suSThu prayoga huA hai| kavi ke lie sabase adhika AkarSaNa kA kendra zabdoM kI sAdhanA hai / vaha zabdoM kA pracalita arthoM meM prayoga karate hue bhI usakI punarvyAkhyA karatA hai / vyutpatti kI dRSTi se zabdoM ke antaraMga arthoM ko bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai, yathA : 0 "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai 'mahilA' kahalAtI vh|"(pR. 202) 0 "jo ava yAnI/ avagama-jJAnajyoti lAtI hai, timira-tAmasatA miTAkara/jIvana ko jAgRta karatI hai abalA kahalAtI hai vaha !" (pR. 203) isake atirikta isa mahAkAvya meM bIjAkSaroM, mantra sAdhanA, Ayurveda ke prayoga evaM aMka vidyA ke camatkAroM kI aneka rUpatA bhI dikhAI par3atI hai jo sAdhaka santa kavi ke vipula jJAna aura usakI bahujJatA kA paricAyaka hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha mahAkAvya mAnavIya buddhi kA eka aisA adbhuta camatkAra hai jisameM kAvya, sAhitya, adhyAtma sAdhanA ke sabhI rUpa samAhita ho gae haiN| prajJA aura kAvya pratibhA ke adbhuta saMyoga se hI isa taraha kI kAlajayI kRti kI racanA hotI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : AdhyAtmika cintana kA rasa paripAka DaoN. rAjendra raMjana caturvedI jayazaMkara prasAda kI 'kAmAyanI' aura rAMgeya rAghava kA 'medhAvI' mahAkAvya par3hane ke bAda Aja usI cintana stara ke mahAn kartRtva ko 'mUkamATI' ke rUpa meM dekha rahA huuN| 'mUkamATI' para samIkSA likhane bailUM to pUrI kitAba likhI jA sakatI hai| risarcaskAlara isa para thIsisa kara sakate haiM, kyoMki isake pratyeka pRSTha para mAnava jIvana ke rahasya sUtra sUkti ke rUpa meM piroe hue haiN| mATI bolatI hai, lakar3I bolatI hai, kalaza bolatA hai, kumbhakAra bolatA hai aura bolatebolate pAThaka ko ve bhArata kI usa cirantana AdhyAtmika paramparA se jor3a dete haiM, jo nirantara badalatI hai aura utkRSTa se utkRSTatara hotI jAtI hai| yahI parivartana kI nirantaratA hai aura yahI vaha tattva hai jise 'mUkamATI ke mahAkavi ne zAzvata kahA hai| saca bAta to yaha hai ki svayaM mUkamATI hajAroM-hajAroM varSoM ke bhArata ke AdhyAtmika cintana ke mahA bodhivRkSa kA eka rasa paripAka (phala) hai| yogazAstra, darzana zAstra, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, bhASAvijJAna aura saundaryazAstra kA jo gaharA jJAna kavi ko hai, vaha qadama-kadama para pAThaka se paricaya pUchatA hai aura apanA bhI paricaya batalAtA hai| pAzcAtya manovaijJAnika mAnate haiM ki manuSya kA jIvana mUla pravRttiyoM (Stincts) se paricAlita hotA hai| ve mUla pravRttiyoM taka pahu~ca sake haiM parantu 'mUkamATI' usa cintana paramparA ko Age bar3hAne vAlA kAvya hai, jo mAnatI hai ki AtmA zubha aura nirdoSa hai, nirlipta hai tathA doSoM kA kAraNa ve kaSAya haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA cintana mana kA svAmI banane, indriyoM para prabhutA sthApita karane, vIra, mahAvIra tathA jina banane kA mArga pradarzita karatA hai tAki yaha dharatI yuddhoM se zUnya ho sake, isake du:khoM kA nivAraNa ho sake aura sukha kA sAmrAjya pratiSThita ho sake / isa kAvya ko kisI kI sammati yA samIkSA kI kyA AvazyakatA ? yaha to kharA sonA hai, svayaM hI apane kharepana kA pramANa hai| yaha to santoM kI vANI hai, isameM se jitanA hama le sakeM, grahaNa kareM parantu kAgaja para likhane ke lie nahIM, AcaraNa kI lipi se jIvana paTa para utArane ke lie hai| cintana kA pravAha hI isa kA chanda hai, cintana pravAha meM Ane vAle jIvana ke satya hI isake alaMkAra haiM aura jIvana kA sanAtanatva hI isakA rasa hai / isa kAvya ko kAvyazAstra ke pracalita mApadaNDoM ke AdhAra para dekhanA cAheM to dekheM bhale hI, parantu yaha kAvya lIka se haTakara likhA gayA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se, pariveza zAstrIya dRSTi se, kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se tathA jaina darzana kI dRSTi se isa para samIkSAe~ kI jA sakatI haiM aura jaise-jaise samaya vyatIta hotA jAyagA isa kAvya para Age calakara aisI samIkSAe~ likhI bhI jAeMgI parantu philahAla to maiM yahI cAhatA hU~ ki koI zodhaka vidvAn apanI zodha pariyojanA ke lie 'mUkamATI' ko cuna le tathA vibhinna zAstroM ke AdhAra para isa ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ko prastuta kare, sambhava ho to kavi ke samagra kartRtva ko bhI liyA jA sakatA yA para vijaya prApta karanA sabakezakIbAta nahIM. aura vaha bhI strI-paryAya meM 'anahonI-sI ghaTanA
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________________ 'mUkamATI': jIvana darzana kI anubhUti DaoN. nareza bhaTTa pUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI digambara jaina samAja ke agraNI vidvAn AcArya haiN| manuSya ke mukha se hI manuSya meM kitanA daivatva hai, yaha mAlUma hotA hai, yaha hama AcAryazrI kI mukhamudrA se hI kaha sakate haiN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI hindI, prAkRta, saMskRta aura aMgrejI meM bahuta racanAe~ haiM parantu mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM AcAryazrI ne mATI kA sahArA lekara saba kucha kaha diyA hai| ___saMskRta meM mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa sunizcita kiyA hai lekina 'mUkamATI' viziSTa prakAra kA mahAkAvya hai / miTTI jaisI kSullaka- kSudra cIz2a ko kendra meM rakhakara AcAryajI ne jIvana lakSya spaSTa kiyA hai| prastavana' meM zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne bahuta acchA batAyA hai : "ye kucha saMketa haiM 'mUkamATI' kI kathAvastu ke, kAvya kI garimA-kathya ke, AdhyAtmika AyAmoM, darzana aura cintana ke preraNAdAyaka sphuraNoM ke|" yahA~ jIvana darzana kI anubhUti hotI hai| yahA~ kevala AdhyAtmikatA bhI nahIM hai, agara aisA huA hotA to yaha mahAkAvya nahIM bana sakatA thA parantu yahA~ zabdAlaMkAra vA arthAlaMkAra ke sAtha jIvana kI bhavyatA bhI pragaTa huI hai| yaha mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM pragaTa huA hai| hama dRSTi kareMge to yaha pratIti hogI ki AcAryajI ko kitane viSaya kA jJAna hai| yahA~ Rtu varNana hai, AdhyAtmikatA hai, jIvana kSaNika hai phira bhI use sArapUrNa hama hI banA sakate haiM isakA darzana hai, yogadarzana bhI hai, zAstrIya saMgIta tathA nRtya kalA kA bhI AcAryazrI ko paricaya hai, yaha hama 'mUkamATI' par3hakara dekha sakate haiN| sAhitya meM do dhArAe~ hotI haiM-bodhalakSyI sAhitya aura lalita vAGmaya / a~greja vivecaka DI kvinsI ne likhA hai : "The function of the first is to teach and the function of the second is to move." lekina yahA~ to AcAryazrI ne bodha ke sAtha lalita bhAvanA donoM die haiN| DraoNyaDana ne bahuta acchI bAta batAI hai ki kalAkAra prakRti kA anukaraNa nahIM karatA kintu prakRti meM se kucha uThAkara apanI sarjanAtmakatA se kRti meM tAkata bharatA hai / DraoNyaDana kI bAta hama yahA~ saca dekha sakate haiM, kyoMki AcAryazrI ne mATI meM hI yaha kara batAyA hai| zrI lakSmIcandra jaina ne yaha ThIka kahA bhI hai : "mATI jaisI akiMcana, pada-dalita aura tuccha vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAne kI kalpanA hI nitAnta anokhI hai|" yahA~ kevala kavitA nahIM hai parantu AtmA kI AvAz2a hai / hama dekha sakate haiM : "hA~ ! aba zilpI ne/kArya kI zurUAta meM/oMkAra ko namana kiyA aura usane/pahale se hI/ahaMkAra kA vamana kiyA hai|" (pR. 28) aura dekha sakate haiM: "are kaMkaro!/...bhale hI/cUraNa banate, retila; mATI nahIM banate tuma!" (pR. 49) yahA~ hama jIvana darzana kara sakate haiN| semyuala bekeTa ne kahA ki Aja kalpanA kI mRtyu ho rahI hai parantu AcAryazrI ne yahA~ jo kalpanA dI hai, vaha to dekheM:
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________________ 388 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "yadyapi inakA nAma payodhara bhI hai,/tathApi viSa hI varSAte haiM varSARtu meM ye |/anythaa,/bhrmr-sm kAle kyoM haiM ? yaha bAta nirAlI hai ki/vasudhA kA samAgama hote hI 'viSa' sudhA bana jAtA hai/aura yaha bhI eka zaMkA hotI hai, ki varSA-Rtu ke anantara zarad-Rtu meM/hIraka-sama zubhra kyoM hote ?"(pR. 230) jIvana kA viSa bhI kaba amRta bana jAtA hai, yaha hama isase dekha sakate haiN| AcAryazrI saMskRta ke paNDita haiM phira bhI 'gara yaqIna' (pRSTha 155) jaise zabdoM kA prayoga kitanI kuzalatA se kiyA hai, yaha vahA~ para dekhA jA sakatA hai| ye zabda saMskRta bhASA ke nahIM haiM phira bhI unakA upayoga sucAru bhAva se kiyA hai| varDsavartha ne batAyA hai : "All good poetry is the spontaneous over flow of powerful feeling."- kA darzana yahA~ hotA hai na ? AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' dvArA samagra jIvana kA darzana karAyA hai| jisa kRti meM jIvana darzana hotA hai usa kRti meM mahAkAvya kI tAqata hotI hai / methyu ArnalDa ne batAyA hai ki sRjana meM kevala preraNA Avazyaka nahIM hai parantu vidvattA, abhyAsa tathA kalpanA kI bhI z2arUrata hotI hai, isa dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' pUrNakakSA kA mahAkAvya hai / pR. 343 kAyotsargakA visarjana.-- saMyamopakaraNa diyA 'mayara-pakhoM kA,jo mRdula komalalapula hai| arvaHIV
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________________ 'mUkamATI' kI mukhara cetanA kezava rAvata nimitta-naimittika saMyoga se sRSTi kI racanA meM Azvasta jaina darzana, vaha cintana dhArA hai jo Izvara ke astitva meM AsthA rakhatI hai, kintu vaidika darzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra vaha Izvara ko jagat - gati kA kartA aura saMcAlaka nahIM mAnatI hai / Izvara sRSTi kA janaka, pAlaka aura saMhAraka hai - isa vaidika mAnyatA se jaina darzana sahamata nahIM hai / isase use nAstika darzana kahA jAtA hai / Arambha meM jJAnadAtA ke kara-kamaloM meM apanI isa kRti ko santa ne parokSa rUpa se samarpaNa kiyA hai| ___ Age Atmakathya ke taura para 'mAnasa-taraMga' nAma ke choTA-se kintu gUr3ha aura sAragarbhita vaktavya ke bAda 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka Arambha hotA hai| 'mUkamATI' : mahAkAvya kI kasauTI para ___mahAkAvya sargabaddha ho aura kama se kama ATha sargoM vAlA ho / sarga na to choTe hoM aura na atyanta bar3e / pratyeka sarga kA chanda alaga ho jo anta meM badale / eka sarga meM vividha chanda bhI ho sakate haiN| pratyeka sarga ke anta meM Age Ane vAle sarga kI kathA sUcanA ho / zAnta, vIra, zRMgAra meM se kisI eka rasa kI pradhAnatA ho / anya rasa sahAyaka hoM / kathAvastu nATya sandhiyoM-sI gaThita ho / kathAnaka aitihAsika athavA kisI sajjana se sambaddha ho / caturvarga yAnI cAroM puruSArthaartha, dharma, kAma aura mokSa kI prApti mahAkAvya kA uddezya honA cAhie / Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa, sajjana prazaMsA, khala vandanA Adi Avazyaka rUpa se honA cAhie / ucita avasaroM para nimna varNanoM kA samAveza ho, jaise-sUrya, candra, sandhyA , rajanI, dina, andhakAra, prabhAta, madhyAhna, mRgayA, nadI, parvata, vana, sAgara, Rtu, saMyoga, vipralambha, svarga, yajJa, nagara, yuddha, vivAha, kumAra, janma Adi / mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa kavi, nAyaka, anya pAtroM yA kathAvastu ke nAma para honA caahie| sargoM kA nAmakaraNa varNya viSaya ke AdhAra para honA caahie| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' ko agara ina paramparAgata lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para parakhA jAya to mahAkAvya kahane meM thor3A saMkoca ho sakatA hai / vaise ina paramparAgata mAnyatAoM kA aneka pUrvavartI mahAkAvyoM meM nirvAha nahIM ho skaa| 'mUkamATI' kI sarga saMkhyA ATha sargoM se kama hai| sabhI sarga eka hI chanda meM varNita haiM aura chanda vidhAna naI kavitA meM hai| kathAnaka kI sUcanA sargoM ke anta meM pratibhAsita nahIM hotI hai| nAyaka paramparAgata lakSaNoM para dhIrodAtta nahIM hai / puruSArthoM meM artha aura kAma kA yathocita rUpa mukharita nahIM hotA hai / maMgalAcaraNa kA abhAva hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka nitAnta aitihAsika nahIM hai| hindI kAvya meM mahAkAvya ke ina paramparAgata lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para aneka kAvya isa paridhi ke bAhara Thahara jAte haiN| kintu uparokta paramparAgata lakSaNoM para bhI paravartI AcAryoM meM matabheda huA aura kucha anivArya lakSaNa nirdhArita kie gae : 1. nAyaka dhIrodAtta, 2. kathAnaka aitihAsika, 3. rasoM kI upasthiti aura 4. puruSArtha kI prApti / nimnalikhita lakSaNoM para aba bhI koI Thosa nirNaya nahIM ho sakA hai| ina para abhI bhI vivAda hai : 1. sargabaddhatA : kucha AcArya sarga saMkhyA adhika aura kucha kama mAnate haiN| sabhI AcArya sarga saMkhyA para eka mata nahIM haiN| 2. nAmakaraNa : mahAkAvya ke nAmakaraNa para bhI matabheda hai| 3. AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra varNya viSaya bhI vivAdagrasta hai| kucha AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya kI pravRttiyoM para jora diyA aura pariNAmasvarUpa mahAkAvya kI mukhya pravRtti 'rasa' mAnI jAne lgii| kucha vidvAnoM ne AstikatA ko mahAkAvya kI pravRtti mAnA / tIsarI mahattvapUrNa pravRtti mahAkAvya meM
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________________ 390 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA Ananda kI mAnI gaI / ina pratibandhoM ke pariprekSya meM hameM 'mUkamATI' ke sambandha meM vicAra karanA hai| 'mUkamATI' mUlata: adhyAtma aura darzana kA kAvya hai| isa grantha meM adhikAMza pAtra amUrta aura jar3a haiN| do hI pAtra mUrta aura jIvanta haiN| mA~ dharatI, mATI, kumbha aura anya pAtra kathAnaka meM pratIka haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka : zilpI arthAt kumbha kA racanAkAra kathAnaka kA nAyaka hai / zilpI kA caritra usake zilpa se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| Aja ke sandarbha meM zilpI jAti kA abhijAtya hone para vicAra karanA samIcIna nahIM / AcArya vidyAsAgara kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki kalAkAra, zilpI, sAdhu, abhinetA, guNavAn, vidvAn, kavi, citere kI bhI bhalA koI jAti hotI hai ? vaha to guNavAn hotA hai| apanI kalA, guNa, sRjanazIlatA yA racanAdharmitA ke kAraNa zilpI kA caritra citraNa kisI dhIrodAtta se kama nahIM hai| ata: 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka bhale hI dhIrodAtta nahIM hai, kintu paramparAgata DhaMga se to dhIrodAtta koTi kA avazya hai / grantha ke dArzanika racanAvidhAna se usameM se sabhI mAnavIya guNa samaya-samaya para dikhAI dete rahate haiN| mokSadAyaka maMgala kalaza kI racanA, aisA maMgala kalaza jo AtaMkavAda ko cAroM khAne citta kara tA hai.mATI meM gaNavattA lAkara use jIvanta kara detI hai. yAnI jaDatA meM cetanA kA samAvezI hai 'makamATI' kA nAyaka / ise kavivara vidyAsAgara ne svayaM 'bhAgyavAn' aura 'bhAgya vidhAtA' kahA hai : " 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28) oMkAra ko namana karane vAlA ahaMkAra se dUra zilpI yugadraSTA hai / vaha prANiyoM meM varNa maitrI kA samarthaka hai / varNa saMkaratA use rucatI nahIM hai tathA vaha kisI se vaira bhAva bhI nahIM rakhatA hai| doSoM ke prati logoM ko caitanya karanA cAhatA hai| ata: 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka dhIrodAtta se kisI bhI prakAra kama nahIM hai / zilpI narazreSTha sajjana bhI hai| kathAnaka aitihAsika : zubhAzubha karmoM kA pUrvAbhAsa manuSya ko hotA hai, aisI aneka kathAe~ itihAsa meM haiN| mahAvIra svAmI (varddhamAna) ke janma kA pUrvAbhAsa mahArAnI trizalA ko svapna meM hI huA thaa| solaha svapnoM kA vRttAnta sunate hI jJAnI pitA ko AbhAsa ho gayA thA ki merI rAnI kI kokha meM kisI yazasvI putra kA janma/Agamana ho rahA hai| mahArAnI trizalA ko solaha svapnoM meM eka maMgala kalaza kA svapna bhI thaa| 'mUkamATI' ke kathAnaka meM bhI jo kathA hai, vaha svapna para AdhArita hai| nagara ke zraddhAlu seTha, jisakI paramAtmA ke prati Asakti hai, vaha apane guru ko AhAra dAna ke lie lAlAyita hai / isI bIca use svapna AtA hai ki mATI ke ghaTa meM pavitra jala se guru ko AhAra dAna rUpa jaladAna kro| zilpI dvArA taiyAra kiyA gayA mATI kA ghaTa maMgala kalaza ke rUpa meM saparivAra seTa ke lie sAmAjika AtatAiyoM se mokSadAtA siddha hotA hai, tamAma bhava bAdhAoM ko haratA huaa| ataH 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka aitihAsika hai| kalaza kA svaccha jala Atma zuddhi kA pratIka hai / isI kalaza ke jala se guru ko jaladAna aura jaladAna kI pariNati mokSamUlaka hone kI eka aura kathA bhI granthoM meM pAI jAtI hai / 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka aihalaukikatA se pAralaukikatA kI ora le jAne kI kahAnI duharAtA hai / SaDdravyoM ke sAra tattva meM jhA~ka kara dekhA jAe to laukika aura pAralaukikatA kA sandeza dene vAle aneka kathAnaka hamAre granthoM meM samAhita haiN| 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka pUrNatayA paramAtmA meM AsthA rakhane vAle tathA guru ke prati zraddhAvAn va atyanta sajjana eka bhakta kA hai| mUla kathA ke sAtha-sAtha jo kathAe~ calatI haiM, unheM prAsaMgika kathAe~ kahA jA sakatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM zraddhAlu seTha kI kathA aura muktA varSA ke uparAnta rAja maNDalI dvArA balAt motI baTorane kI kathAe~ bhI haiN| prAsaMgika kathA ke do bheda hote haiM-patAkA aura prkrii|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 391 patAkA- jo mUla kathA ke sAtha calatI hai| zraddhAlu seTha kI kathA patAkA hai| prakarI- motI baTorene kI kthaa| mUla kathA ke tIna prakAra mAne jAte haiM : (1) prakhyAta : itihAsa, purANa yA paramparAgata prasiddha kathA / 'mUkamATI' kI kathA aitihAsika nahIM hai| (2) utpAdya : nATakakAra kI kalpanA se gar3hI gaI kathA / 'mUkamATI' meM motI baTorane kI kathA kavi kI kalpanA kI upaja hai| (3) mizra : jisameM prakhyAta kathA aura kalpanA dvArA gar3hI kathA kA mizraNa ho / mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ke kathAnaka meM aisI koI prAsaMgika kathA nahIM hai| _ 'mUkamATI' meM rasa paripAka kitanA sArthaka aura prabhAvapUrNa hai, isa bindu para vicAra karanA isa aMza kA pratipAdya hai / vItarAgI santa, jo duniyA~ ke rAga-raMga se pare haiM kintu rasa kI saccI anubhUti se dUra nahIM, 'mUkamATI' meM kAvya kI bhASA meM ve rasoM ko paribhASita karate hue unheM pAThakoM ke sAmane sAkSAt khar3A karate jAte haiN| phira bhI avasarAnukUla ve rasa kI upasthiti chandoM meM vyakta karate haiM to zRMgAra (bhakti/vAtsalya yA saMyoga/vipralambha rUpa donoM pakSa), vIra evaM zAnta rasoM ke paripAka meM bhale kaise cUka sakate haiN| zRMgAra rasa : zRMgAra rasa kAma, rati, vAsanA ke sthAyI bhAva se janmatA hai| kavi ke hI zabdoM meM : "tana milatA hai tana-dhArI ko/sarUpa yA kurUpa, surUpa vAlA rUpa meM aura nikhAra/kurUpa vAlA rUpa meM sudhAra lAne kA prayAsa karatA hai/AbharaNa-AbhUSaNoM zRMgAroM se|" (pR. 139) Age rasa vivecana dekhie : "rasa-rasAyana kI yaha/lalaka aura cakhana/para-parAyana kI yaha parakha aura lakhana/kaba se cala rahI hai/yaha upAsanA vAsanA kI ?" (pR. 139) zRMgAra kI eka aura prastuti : "kitanI tapana hai yaha !/bAhara aura bhItara/jvAlAmukhI havAyeM ye ! jala-sI gaI merI/kAyA cAhatI hai/sparza meM badalAhaTa, ghAma nahIM aba,/"dhAma mile !" (pR. 140) __ jahA~ taka rasa paripAka kI bAta hai vaha barAbara hotA hai, kintu dUsare hI kSaNa jaba pAThaka Age bar3hatA hai to kavi kI ora se eka naI udbodhanA milatI hai aura zRMgAra zarIrIna hokara manasvI hokara raha jAtA hai arthAt saMyoga se vipralambha aura phira cirantana viyoga kI dazA : "jina A~khoM meM/kAjala-kAlI/karuNAI vaha/chalaka AI hai, ...jina-adharoM meM/prAMjala lAlI/aruNAI vaha/jhalaka AI hai, ...jina gAloM meM/mAMsala vAlI/taruNAI vaha/dulaka AI hai, kucha batA rahI hai-/samucita bala kA/balidAna karo!" (pR. 128)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA zRMgAra mUrtimAn hokara sAmane upasthita hotA hai aura palaka mArate hI dUsare kSaNa meM antardhAna ho jAtI-sI jAdUgarI isa zRMgAra varNana meM hai / kavitA ke isa Ayana meM rasa hai, rasAyana bhI hai| vAtsalya : isa ko zRMgAra kA hI bheda mAnA hai| isameM vAtsalya kA eka bar3A hI pyArA udAharaNa hai jo kadAcit hI anyatra kahIM DhU~r3hane se mile : 392 :: "mA~ kI goda meM bAlaka ho / mA~ use dUdha pilA rahI ho bAlaka dUdha pItA huA / Upara mA~ kI ora nihAratA avazya, adharoM para, ... bAlaka kA mukha chipA letI hai / " (pR. 158) O nayanoM meM/aura/kapola-yugala para / kriyA-pratikriyA kI paristhiti bhakti rasa : zRMgAra kA dUsarA bheda, jisameM dharatI kI vandanA, arcanA kI gaI hai : O "bhUta kI mA~ bhU hai, / bhaviSya kI mA~ bhI bhU / bhAva kI mA~ bhU hai, / prabhAva kI mA~ bhI bhU / bhAvanA kI mA~ bhU hai, / sambhAvanA kI mA~ bhI bhU / ... yatra-tatra - sarvatrabhU /'bhU sattAyAM' kahA hai naa|" (pR. 399 ) "jaya, jaya, gurudeva kI !/ jaya, jaya, isa ghar3I kI ! .' zaraNa, caraNa haiM Apake, / tAraNa taraNa jahAja, ... bhava-dadhi taTa taka le calo / karuNAkara gururAja !' . pUjana- kArya pUrNa huA / paMcAMga praNAmapUrvaka !" (pR. 325) zilpI kI mATI se prIti hai to kahIM kumbha se / kahIM mATI kA vAtsalya zilpI se, mATI se yA kumbha se bhI hai| rasoM anagina uddharaNa bhare par3e haiM isa darzana grantha 'mUkamATI' meM / isI prakAra vIra rasa, raudra rasa, bIbhatsa rasa ke savistAra udAharaNa 'mUkamATI' meM vidyamAna haiM / alaMkAra yojanA : alaMkAravAdiyoM kI mAnyatA hai kAvya kI zobhA alaMkAra hotA hai| yaha camatkAra do prakAra se hotA hai - kahIM zabda ke mAdhyama se to kahIM artha ke dvArA aura kahIM donoM ke dvArA / kahane kA artha hai zabda 'arthAlaMkAra aura donoM se ho to ubhayAlaMkAra / 'camatkAra ho to zabdAlaMkAra, artha se zabdoM kA Alor3ana, vilor3ana, usakA tor3a-maror3a aura phira nayA gaThajor3a kara, khilavAr3a aura phira artha kI bAr3ha khar3I kara denA pahalI bAra AcAryazrI kI lekhanI meM par3hA hai| dharaNI, tIratha, madada, dharatI, kambala, dayA, nadI, nAlI, marahama, caraNa, rAkha, hIrA, lAbha, dogalA, nArI jaise zabdoM meM akSaroM kI herApherI kara nae sArthaka artha ko gar3ha lenA AcAryazrI kA camatkAra hai| tabhI to 'viSamatA kI nAgina, 'bodha kI cir3iyA, 'krodha kI gur3iyA' Adi ke rUpaka bar3e prabhAva pUrNa bana par3e haiM / kathAsandhi : kathAnaka meM avasthAoM aura prAsaMgika kathAoM kI sandhi kA sthala 'kathAsandhi' kahalAtA hai / vahA~ do kathAe~ Apasa meM Akara milatI haiN| kathA bahulatA ke abhAva meM nATya sandhiyoM kA samucita samanvaya 'mUkamATI' meM kiyA gayA hai, jisake sthala pratyeka sarga meM sAfa-sAfa dRSTigocara hote jAte haiM / puruSArtha kI upalabdhi : mahAkAvya kA eka lakSaNa yaha bhI hai ki artha, dharma, kAma aura mokSa- ina cAra meM se kama se kama kisI eka varga kI prApti avazya hI honA caahie| AcAryazrI kI 'mUkamATI' meM dharma aura mokSa rUpa do puruSArthoM
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 393 kI upalabdhi hotI hai / sargabaddhatA : sargoM kI saMkhyA kevala cAra hai / chanda kI ekarUpatA hai / sargoM kI saMkhyA ke bandhana meM zithilatA mAne jAne para yaha kRti mahAkAvya kI koTi meM A hI jAtI hai / antima khaNDa kA phalaka yadi gambhIratA pUrvaka dekhA jAya to apane Apa meM vaha eka khaNDa kAvya hai| lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM ke isa grantha ko parimANa kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to mahAkAvya kahanA anucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' ke nAmakaraNa para koI carcA karane kI AvazyakatA isalie nahIM hai ki kathAnaka meM mATI kI mahattA pratipAdita kI gaI hai / aura mATI jar3a hai ata: 'mUkamATI' nAmakaraNa sarvathA ucita hai / 'mUkamATI' meM jIvana darzana AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva ke do rUpa haiM - eka to ve vItarAgI santa haiM aura dUsare atyanta saMvedanazIla hRdaya evaM sUkSma anveSI / kAvya sRjana unake saMvedanazIla hone kI pariNati hai / vyakti, samAja, deza, jAti, dharma, darzana, sAhitya, vijJAna, kalA aura saMskRti Adi ke nimitta se manuSya kA sRjana yadi soddezya ho, to sRjana sArthaka hotA hai aura sampUrNa mAnava jAti usa kRtitva se upakRta ho jAtI hai tathA kRtikAra kA jIvana bhI sArthaka ho jAtA hai / AcAryazrI kI 'mUkamATI' eka aisA hI soddezya akSayadIpa hai| cAra puruSArtha - artha, dharma, kAma aura mokSa kI prApti meM hI jIvana ke uddezya nirdhArita kie gae haiN| manuSya janma se mRtyu paryanta jIvana kI isa yAtrA meM jina par3AvoM se guz2aranA par3atA hai, ve artha, dharma, kAma aura phira mokSa ke hI to cAra par3Ava haiM / jIvikopArjana ke lie artha kI prApti, artha se dharma, dharma se kAma aura dharmasAdhaka kAma se hI mokSa kI prApti kA ullekha hamAre granthoM meM hai / sAmAjika janoM ke lie artha upalabdhi anivArya hai| isake abhAva meM use parAvalambI, parAzrita rahanA hogaa| pariNAmasvarUpa vaha gRhastha dharma bhI nirvAha nahIM kara paaegaa| artha sAMsArikatA ke nirvAha ke lie sAdhana to hotA hI hai, vaha dharma ke saMvAhana meM bhI bar3A sahayogI hotA hai / vaidika vAGmaya meM gArhastha dharma meM pitR RNa se mukti ke lie kAma kI anivAryatA para bala diyA gayA hai| kAyA aura mana ke samAja sammata AcAra ko vaivAhika jIvana kI saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai| kintu kAma kA vistRta artha sRjana se hI mAnA gayA hai| kAma kI yaha vRtti atyanta hI pariSkRta aura uddAma hotI hai, yadi vaha dharma sAdhaka hai to / dharma sAdhaka kAma bhAva kI prApti ke pazcAt hI manuSya mokSa kI ora pravRtta ho pAtA hai / puruSArtha catuSTaya arthAt artha, dharma, kAma aura mokSa prApta karane vAlA manuSya phira sAdhAraNa manuSya nahIM raha jAtA hai| vaha parama AtmA ho jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM ina cAroM puruSArthoM ko pAne kI preraNA hai kintu AnupAtika dRSTi se dharma aura mokSa kI bAta pradhAna hai / 1 AcAryazrI kA artha paramArtha hai, aura hai samAja ke logoM ko sad vyavahAra para calane kI preraNA / dharma kA nirvAha sAmAjikoM ke jIvana kI carama gati hai / kAvya evaM sRjana, darzana, cintana, manana hI unakA dharma sAdhaka aura kAma ka pariSkAra hai / manuSya kI aisI bhAva dazA meM nirantara sthiti rahane se, mokSa - lAbha se bhalA use kauna roka sakatA hai ? santaziromaNi kI kAvya sAdhanA, sAhityika sRjana, AdhyAmika cintana hI unakA aisA puruSArtha hai, jisameM mokSa kI dizA hai, dazA hai, dharma hai aura darzana bhI hai| 'mUkamATI' kA dUsarA pakSa AnandavAdI bhAvabhUmi para AdhArita hai| dharma aura mokSa kI prApti ke lie racI jAne vAlI isa kAvyakRti meM lIna hokara pAThaka ko aisI avasthA meM le jAne kI kSamatA hai jo virala aura asAdhAraNa hai| laukikatA se pAralaukikatA kI ora unmukha 'mUkamATI' ke sAre pAtra laukika haiM / kucha cetana aura kucha
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________________ 394 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA acetana / zilpI sRjanahAra hai / zraddhAlu seTha Iza ArAdhaka, upAsaka hai / rAjA aura rAja maNDalI dharatI ke jIvanta aura sAkSAt pAtra haiN| mATI, kalaza, dharatI, svarNa evaM rajata pAtra Adi jar3a hokara bhI ve sabhI isI jagat ke pAtra haiN| kucha mauna to kucha mukhara hokara apanI-apanI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate haiN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI vANI se kathAnaka kA sArA tAnA-bAnA mUrta aura amUrta pratIkoM ke samAnAntara calatA-calatA antata: pAralaukika ho jAtA hai / kathopakathana, saMvAda pAtroM ke kArya vyApAroM para AdhArita rahakara bhI sampreSNIya aura marmabhedI haiM, jo dhIre-dhIre gambhIra aura arthayukta hokara pAralaukika cintana ke kSitija kI ora le jAte haiN| rASTrIya cetanA : sajAtIya, samavargIya aura samAna kula ke logoM kI kaSAya vRtti-lobha, moha, krodha Adi ke kAraNa mAna-apamAna, U~ca-nIca aura choTe-bar3e kI bhAvanA eka-dUsare ko Apasa meM alaga kara detI hai| manuSya se ghara, ghara se parivAra, parivAra se muhallA, phira ar3osa-par3osa, Asa-pAsa, gA~va aura phira samUcA samAja vikArayukta hotA calA jAtA hai / kAlAntara meM yahI bhAvanA jaba sAre deza meM phailatI hai to rASTrIya stara para eka sarvavyApI alagAva ghara kara jAtA hai| dhIre-dhIre samAja meM mAnavIya jIvana mUlyoM kI kamI hotI hai, naitika mUlya cakanAcUra hokara dharAzAyI ho jAte haiM aura rASTrIyatA caramarAne lagatI hai| Aja ke sandarbha meM AtaMkavAda hamAre deza meM isI prakAra se utpanna eka rASTrIya samasyA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke kathAnaka meM svarNa kalaza aura maMgala ghaTa kA paraspara vaira hai / do samAna sajAtIya kula paraspara vaira ke kAraNa kina-kina paristhitiyoM meM viparIta ho jAte haiM, isakA saTIka, satarka aura do TUka uttara 'mUkamATI' ke kathAnaka se milatA hai| 'mUkamATI' ke AtaMkavAda kI paristhitiyoM aura hamAre deza meM janme AtaMkavAda kI paristhitiyoM meM koI antara nahIM hai| rAjanIti se vItarAgI AcArya vidyAsAgara ko kyA sarokAra ! kintu rASTrIyatA ke lie cintita rahane vAle AcArya AdaraNIya haiM samUce deza kI dRSTi meM / rASTrIyatA kI isa bhAvanA meM ve jAti, dharma, sampradAya ke bandhanoM se dUra haTakara mAnavatA ke lie samarpita haiN| 'mUkamATI' meM unakI AtmA meM rASTrIya hita kA bhAva mukhara ho jAtA hai / hamAreApake bIca bhI eka AtaMkavAda Akhira panapatA kaise hai, ise dekheM : - "apane ko upahAsa kA pAtra,/mUlya-hIna, upekSita dekha badale ke bhAva-bharA/bhItara se jalatA-ghuTatA svarNa-kalaza ! ...yaha bAta nizcita hai ki/mAna ko TIsa pahuMcane se hI, AtaMkavAda kA avatAra hotA hai |/ati-possnn yA atizoSaNa kA bhI yahI pariNAma hotA hai|" (pR. 417-418) 0 "Aja AyegA AtaMkavAda kA dala,/Apatti kI A~dhI le AdhI rAta meN|"(pR.419) 0 "ar3osa-par3osa kI niraparAdha janatA/isa cakravAta ke cakkara meM Akara, ___ kahIM phaiMsa na jaay|" (pR. 422) 0 "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI dharatI yh|" (pR. 441) AcAryazrI AtaMkavAda ko kevala paMjAba meM hI sImita nahIM mAnate haiM / vaha to jahA~ manuSya haiM, vahA~ kahIM bhI ubhara kara A sakatA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki AtaMkavAda samAja meM, hama-Apa meM sarvavyApI hai / ghara-parivAra meM, muhallA-par3osa meM, Asa-pAsa, gA~va, nagara, zahara, mahAnagara, dvIpa, mahAdvIpa meM hara tarapha bar3hate rAga-dveSa, chala-kapaTa, IrSyA-dveSa aura kaluSita cittavRtti manuSya ko kahIM kA nahIM rahane detI hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 395 zucitA ko dhAraNa kara svayaM sAdhAraNa hokara ina vRttiyoM ko virecita kara sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI yahI cintA, dazA manuSya ko pAralaukitA kI ora le jA sakatI hai| mATI kA maMgala kalaza zucitA kA pratIka hai| zucitA ko dhAraNa karate hI manuSyoM meM asAdhAraNa vipattiyoM kA sAmanA karane kI kSamatA A jAtI hai| antata: eka na eka dina Akhira AtaMkavAda ghuTane TekatA hI hai, jo manuSya kI dRr3ha icchAzakti aura saMkalpa niSThA para avazya nirbhara karatA hai, taba sAre virodhI bhI hAtha malate raha jAte haiM eka na eka din| loka cetanAe~ : AtaMkavAdI duSpravRttiyoM ke janaka hamAre samAja meM hI hote haiN| unake poSakoM kI kamI nahIM hai| aise hI caritroM ke lie AcAryazrI prajApAlaka kA upAlambha dekara sambodhita karate haiM : "padavAle hI padopalabdhi hetu/para ko pada-dalita karate haiM, pApa-pAkhaNDa karate haiN|/prbhu se prArthanA hai ki/apada hI bane raheM hama ! jitane bhI pada haiM/vaha vipadAoM ke Aspada haiN|" (pR. 434) 'mUkamATI' ke kathAnaka meM bar3e padavAloM ke pratIka haiM hAthI, aura binA padavAle hokara bhI zaktizAlI haiM sA~pa / padavAle aura binA padavAle donoM hI prabhAvazAlI haiM damana aura zamana meN| pada aura caraNa jaise zabdoM kI vyAkhyA aise logoM para bar3I saTIka aura yuktiyukta baiThatI hai / varNa se zabda, phira zabda kI bhI abhidhArtha zakti kA vizleSaNa evaM svata: lakSyArtha ko aura pratipAdita karanA AcAryazrI kI apanI vizeSatA hai / saMyama kI zakti ke sambandha meM eka aura uddharaNa : "niyama-saMyama ke sammukha/asaMyama hI nahIM, yama bhI/apane ghuTane Teka detA hai, hAra svIkAranA hotI hai/nabhazcaroM surAsuroM ko!" (pR. 269) lakar3I kI char3I ke mAdhyama se eka aura karArI coTa hamAre prajAtantra kI daNDa prakriyA para dekhie : "kabhI-kabhI hama banAI jAtI/kar3I se aura kar3I char3I aparAdhiyoM kI piTAI ke lie|/praay: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte niraparAdha hI piTa jAte,/aura unheM/pITate-pITate TUTatI hama / ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ?/yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai /yA manamAnA 'tantra' hai !" (pR. 271) adhara meM laTakA dene vAlI nyAyaprakriyA ke prati saMvedanazIla kavi kI vyathA dekheM : " 'AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai| aura yahI huA isa yuga meM isa ke saath|" (pR.272) zakti kA prayoga rakSA ke nimitta kie jAne ke sarvathA aucitya para AcAryazrI ke udgAra bar3e hI preraka haiM : "nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM,/bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai|/...niice se nirbala ko Upara uThAte samaya usake hAtha meM pIr3A ho sakatI hai,/usameM uThAnevAle kA doSa nahIM, uThane kI zakti nahIM honA hI doSa hai/hA~, hA~ ! usa pIr3A meM nimitta par3atA hai utthaanevaalaa|" (pR. 272-273)
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________________ 396 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yuvAzakti kI dizAhInatA para eka dizAbodha kA aMza usakI cetanA ko sajaga karatA hai : "yuvA-yuvatiyoM ke hAthoM meM bhI/ispAta ke hI kar3e milate haiN| kyA yahI vijJAna hai?/kyA yahI vikAsa hai?/basa/sonA so gayA aba lohA se lohA lo"hA!" (pR. 413) samAjavAda ke lie asaMgraha kI anivAryatA para kavi kI TippaNI aura sItAharaNa kI vivecanA loka cetanA ke sandarbha meM dekheM: . "aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM,/jana-saMgraha karo!/aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho andhAdhundha saMkalita kA/samucita vitaraNa kro|" (pR. 467) "rAvaNa ne sItA kA haraNa kiyA thA/taba sItA ne kahA thA : yadi maiM/itanI rUpavatI nahIM hotI/rAvaNa kA mana kaluSita nahIM hotA aura isa/rUpa-lAvaNya ke lAbha meM/merA hI karmodaya kAraNa hai, yaha jo/karma-bandhana huA hai/mere hI zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se ! aisI dazA meM rAvaNa ko hI/doSI ghoSita karanA/apane bhaviSya-bhAla ko aura dUSita karanA hai|" (pR. 468-469) nirjIva aura sajIva pAtroM ke bahAne anagina aise preraka aura marmasparzI saMvAda isa grantha meM yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiM, jinheM par3hakara mana meM utpreraNAe~ hotI haiM aura unheM AcaraNa meM utArane kI lAlasA bhI hotI hai tathA mana unheM AtmasAt karane ke lie lAlAyita bhI hotA hai / ina uddharaNoM kI kitanI hI vyAkhyA karU~, kitane hI sandarbha dU~ kintu ye kAgaja ke bar3e-bar3e Tukar3e hamezA oche hI par3ate jAe~ge / 'mUkamATI' kI prAMjalatA, vicAra-gAmbhIrya hamArI loka cetanA ko ukasAne meM, use balavatI banAne meM AcAryazrI ke ye vicAra bindu amRta saMjIvanI ke paryAya bana par3ate haiM anAyAsa hii| jinAgama aura AcArya vidyAsAgara : santaziromaNi kavivara zrI vidyAsAgara jaina AcArya-praNIta jinAgama ke AdhyAtmika cintaka aura manISI haiN| sampUrNa jaina darzana kI AtmIya AsthA 'paramAtmA' meM hai| vaidika darzana kA brahmA yA Izvara bhI yahI paramAtmA hai / ata: jaina upAsya ke rUpa meM Izvara meM pUrNa vizvAsa karate haiM kintu jagat-niyantA ke rUpa meM nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ko jaina darzana ko nAstika darzana kahe jAne para ghora Apatti hotI hai| jaina darzana nAstika darzana nahIM hai, ise unhoMne sapramANa apanI kRti 'mUkamATI' meM spaSTa kiyA hai| sampUrNa jinAgama meM, jina zAsana ke samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kA vivecana hai to paramAtmA ke rUpa meM Izvara ke prati zraddhA bhI pratipAdita hai / Izvara ke prati zraddhAbhAva hI to mokSamArga kA patha prazasta karatA hai| zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnam'- zraddhA ke kAraNa sahI darzana hotA hai, satya darzana se satya jJAna tathA satya AcaraNa hotA hai| manuSya kA yahI AcaraNa mokSadAyaka mAnA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra ke sAtha zramaNa saMskRti kA svarUpa, zramaNa caryA, jIva-ajIva tattvoM kA vizleSaNa, puNya-pApa, saMvara-nirjarA tattva, guru aura mokSa ke svarUpa ko abhivyaMjita kiyA hai apanI kAvya vANI meN| AcaraNa kI zucitA ke AdhAra para rAga-dveSa se mukta hokara saMsArI manuSya bhI Izvara bana sakatA hai sAdhanA ke bala para, sAMsArika bandhanoM ko tor3akara / jaina darzana ke anusAra AcAryazrI kI eka aura mAnyatA hai ki Izvara ko
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 397 sAMsArika kriyAkalApoM se koI sarokAra nahIM rahatA hai aura na hI jagat-gati se kisI prakAra ko koI lenA-denA Izvara vaza kI bAta hai / manuSya muktAvasthA meM Izvaratva pA letA hai aura parama pada pAkara bhalA vaha saMsAra se vAstA hI kyA aura kyoM rakhegA ? jise vaha tyAga kara AyA hai, use phira pAne kA aucitya hI kyA ? vaha to nirAkAra, nirvikAra hokara isa loka se pare ho jAtA hai| jagat kI utpatti ke sambandha meM AcAryazrI kA kahanA hai vaha cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, binA kisI kAraNa ke utpatti sambhava nahIM hotI hai / eka upAdAna aura dUsarA nimitta arthAt nimitta evaM upAdAna kA saMyoga hI sRSTi kA niyAmaka hai / jagat kA pratyeka kArya vyApAra bhI inhIM do kAraNoM se saMcAlita hotA hai| mATI agara apAvana hai to use pAvana aura upayogI banA kara nae rUpa meM gar3hane ko yAnI jagat racanA hI sAMkhyadarzana kA viparyaya hai / cArvAka darzana se AcAryazrI kI koI vizeSa paTarI nahIM baiThatI hai / cArvAka darzana kArya-kAraNa ko mAnyatA nahIM detA / jJAna prApti ke sambandha meM cArvAka darzana kA vizvAsa hai kevala pratyakSa pramANa / vaha anumAna kA bahiSkAra karatA hai / ata: jJAnendriyoM aura viSaya jJAna AdhAra para jJAna prApta karanA sambhava 1 'mUkamATI' meM saMzaya jJAna aura yathArtha jJAna kA vivecana kara AcAryazrI ne smRti jJAna aura anubhava jJAna kI upAdeyatA bhI sthAna-sthAna para kI hai| AcAryazrI kI vicAraNA meM sAMkhya darzana bhI pratibimbita - sA hotA hai / sAMkhya darzana ke AdhAra para jagat kI racanA prakRti se hotI hai, puruSa nirlepa rahatA hai| yahI prakRti aura puruSa kA saMyoga jar3acetana saMyoga hai / dUsare artha meM yahI ekAtmaka hai / AcAryazrI ke zabdoM meM : 1 "prakRti aura puruSa ke / sammilana se / vikRti aura kaluSa ke / saMkulana se bhItara hI bhItara / sUkSma - tama / tIsarI vastu kI / jo racanA hotI hai, dUradarzaka yantra se / dRSTa nahIM hotI vaha, / samIcIna dUra-dRSTi meM utara kara AtI hai|" (pR. 15) pRthivI ke bhItara yA bAhara kI sattA ko puruSa kI jJAnendriyoM-buddhi aura caitanya ke adhyayana se prakRti ke rUpa ko parivartita kara use pAvana to banAyA jA sakatA hai : "tapakara jo karma khapAve,/ soI ziva-sukha darzAve / " (chahaDhAlA, pA~cavIM DhAla / 11) tapa ke bAhya rUpa haiM- anazana, avamaudarya, vRtti parisaMkhyAna, rasa parityAga, vivikta zayyAsana aura kAya kleza, tathA antaraMga rUpa haiM- prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna / inakA yathocita samAyojana mATI ke ghaTa meM kara diyA hai zilpI ne / 'tattvArtha sUtra' adhyAya 9 ke sUtra 3 meM- 'tapasA nirjarA ca' aura 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' ke sAtaveM adhikAra meM 'icchAnirodhastapaH' kahA gayA hai| 'samayasAra' grantha ( gAthA 14 ) meM 'svarUpavizrAntanihataraMga - caitanyapratapanAt tapaH ' kahA gayA hai| tapa ke uparAnta samyaktva kA bodha hI manuSya ko mukti ke mArga kI ora le jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana eka yathArthavAdI cintana hai / karma ko pudgala rUpa mAnanA tathA usake Asrava se hI AtmA kA bandhana, phira isa bandhana se mukti ke lie tapa, nirvANa aura mokSa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / janma-janmAntara meM AtmA ke ghaTane-bar3hane bAvata AkAra-prakAra kI kalpanA jaina darzana meM eka yathArthavAdI dRSTikoNa hai /
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________________ 398 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sva-paryAya aura para-paryAya meM bhI vastu kI sattA vidyamAna hotI hai / vastuoM ke aise rUpa ko jAnane ke lie unake pArasparika sambandha ko jAnanA jarUrI hotA hai / deza, kAla, paristhitiyoM meM anuzAsita dharma guNa tathA paryAya se suyukta vastu ko 'dravya' kahate haiM / cetanAzakti sampanna dravya ko 'jIva' kahate haiM / jIva kartA, bhoktA aura jJAtA hotA hai / jIva hI vastuoM ko jAnatA aura prakAzita karatA hai| zreSTha deva parama iSTa paramAtmA, bhagavAn athavA Izvara hI jaina darzana kI parama sattA hai kintu jagat gati se inakA koI sambandha nahIM hotA hai / ve saba jagat se vItarAgI ho jAte haiM pare hokara / yahA~ yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' ke nimitta AcAryazrI ne jina-jina darzanoM kA samAveza apanI kAvya cintanadhArA meM kiyA hai, usameM nyAya, vaizeSika aura vaidika darzana kI jhalaka bhI yahA~ dekhI jA sakatI hai| jaina sammata paramAtmA / arhat parameSThI kA svarUpa avalokanIya hai : "jo moha se mukta ho jIte haiM / rAga- roSa se rIte haiM / janama-maraNa - jarA - jIrNatA jinheM chU nahIM sakate aba / kSudhA satAtI nahIM jinheM jinake prANa pyAsa se pIr3ita nahIM hote, / jinameM smaya - vismaya ke lie pala-bhara bhI prazraya nahIM, / jinheM dekha kara / bhaya hI bhayabhIta ho bhAga jAtA hai sapta bhayoM se mukta, abhaya - nidhAna ve / nindrA - tandrA jinheM gheratI nahIM, sadA-sarvathA jAgRta - mudrA / sveda se latha-patha ho / vaha gAtra nahIM, kheda-zrama kI / vaha bAta nahIM; / jina meM ananta bala prakaTa huA hai, pariNAmasvarUpa / jina ke nikaTa koI bhI AtaMka A nahIM sakatA jinheM ananta saukhya milA hai." so / zoka se zUnya, sadA azoka haiM jinakA jIvana hI virati hai / tabhI to / unase dUra phiratI rahatI rati vaha; jinake pAsa saMga hai na saMgha, / jo ekAkI haiM, / phira cintA kisakI unheM ? sadA-sarvathA nizcinta haiM, / aSTAdaza doSoM se dUra ''!" (pR. 326-327) satya, ziva aura sundara tathA sat cit Ananda kI yahI dazA vaidika darzana ke AdhAra para mokSa kI sthiti hai / manuSya kI aisI muktAvasthA use pArabrahma paramezvara, parama santa banAkara Izvara meM lIna kara detI hai| aise meM santa samAgama se jIvana dhanya aura sArthaka ho jAtA hai aura phira use saMsAra asAra lagane lagatA hai / guru, upadezaka, AcArya, pAdarI, zekha, maulavI yA granthI ko usa parama sattA se paricita karAne kA eka sUtra mAnA hai| guru ke binA jJAna kI asambhAvyatA ko AcAryazrI ne svayaM hI svIkArA hai : " santa samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai|" (pR. 352) muhAvare aura sUktiyA~ : bhASA meM muhAvare jahA~ kathya kI sampreSaNIyatA ko AsAna aura hRdayagrAhI banAte haiM, vahIM bhASA ko asaradAra bhI banAte haiN| muhAvaroM kA lakSyArtha eka anUThA artha dekara pAThaka ko Anandita karatA hai / 'mUkamATI' meM kucha muhAvare aura sUktiyoM kA bar3A hI zlAghanIya prayoga kiyA hai kavi ne, jisase kavi kI lokadRSTi kI vyApakatA to pramANita hotI hI hai, use loka ke adhikAdhika nikaTa bhI le jAtI hai, jaise : 0 " TAlane meM nahIM / satI-santoM kI / AjJA pAlane meM hI
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________________ 0 0 0 mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 399 'pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM"/yaha sUkti/caritArtha hotI hai, beTA!" (pR. 14) ___ "bAyeM hiraNa/dAyeM jAya-/laMkA jIta/rAma ghara aay|" (pR. 25) 0 "utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya-yuktaM sat / " (pR. 184) 0 "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / " (pR. 41) 0 "dhammo dyaa-visuddho|" (pR. 71) "dhamma saraNaM gcchaami|" (pR. 70) "mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churii|" (pR. 72) - "dayA-dharma kA mUla hai|" (pR. 73) 0 "dhamma saraNaM pvvjjaami|" (pR. 75) 0 "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam / " (pR. 82) lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kI sahI pakar3a aura phira usa artha ko aura adhika dhAradAra banAkara artha kI prabhAvapUrNa prayogadharmitA se 'mUkamATI' kA adhyayana rocaka aura sarasa ho jAtA hai| navopalabdhi : hindI kAvya sAhitya meM vividha AyAmI lekhana kI kamI nahIM hai / Ae dina aneka kavitA saMgraha dhar3Adhar3a prakAzita hokara pAThakoM ke sAmane A rahe haiM kintu sAragarbhita aura sArthaka kRtiyA~ bahuta kama par3hane meM AtI haiM / lekhana kI isa bhIr3abhAr3a ko cIra kara ekadama naI AbhA, ojasvitA aura AsthA lekara AI hai 'muukmaattii'| ___dharma, darzana, adhyAtma ke sAra tattva ko Aja kI sarasa, sarala, lokagrAhya bhASA tathA mukta chanda kI manorama zailI meM nibaddhakara AcArya vidyAsAgara ne kAvya racanA ko eka nayA AyAma diyA / yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki adhika parimANa meM yaha kRti kAvya hai yA adhyAtma / jahA~ kavitA kA Ananda AtA hai, vahIM ekadama adhyAtma, darzana athavA koI na koI tattvanirUpaNa pAThaka ke sAmane sAkAra hone lagatA hai| yaha sthiti bhI adhika dera taka sAmane nahIM Thahara pAtI aura kavitA, darzana, adhyAtma ke isa svarUpa nirUpaNa-vizleSaNa meM tatkAla kathAnaka Akara jur3a jAtA hai / phira sampUrNa racanA-phalaka eka zrRMkhalA kI bhA~ti sAkAra ho jAtA hai| Azcarya kI hI bAta hai ki mATI jaisI nirIha aura pada dalita vastu ko kavi ne apanI kAvyakRti kA viSaya cunA aura usake svarUpa nirUpaNa, vizleSaNa ko itanI bhavyatA pradAna kara dI, vahIM mATI pUjA kA maMgala kalaza bana kara ArAdhya ke, apane iSTa ke sAkSAtkAra kA paryAya bana jAtI hai| ata: adhyAtma, darzana aura kAvya kI triveNI 'mUkamATI' ke pArAyaNa se mana meM pAvana bhAvanA kI udbhAvanA sahaja rUpa meM ho jAtI hai aura manasa dIkSita hokara snAtaka-sA ho jAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA kathAnaka kramabaddha hokara pratyeka khaNDa meM vibhAjita hai / sAtha hI sAtha tattvacintana, darzana pratyeka khaNDa meM vidyamAna hokara usameM prANavAyu kA saMcAra karatA jAtA hai / grantha meM khaNDa vibhAjana hai bhinna-bhinna zIrSakoM se kintu kathAnaka ke pravAha meM kahIM, tanika bhI gati-avarodha nahIM milatA hai varan usakA nairantarya kahIM kama nahIM ho pAtA / bar3e hI sahaja, sarala aura AsAna bhAva se pAThaka isa kAvyakRti ke adhyAya vibhAjana meM bhI mAnasika rUpa se
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________________ 400 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA avibhAjya hI banA rahatA hai| antata: vaha ekAkAra ho jAtA hai isa kRti ke kathAnaka, cintana, darzana aura adhyAtma se| 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' adhyAya meM prarUpita zabda se bodha aura bodha se zodha honA eka vaijJAnika niyama kI bhA~ti honevAlI prakriyA hai| manuSya kI cetanA para usI bhA~ti 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' kI sAttvika kriyA hai| donoM kI kriyAe~ alaga-alaga hokara paraspara pUraka haiN| 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' aura 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' nAmaka ye cAroM adhyAya hamArI soca, arthavattA ko zAzvata nirjharaNI kI bhA~ti avirala gatizIlatA dekara mAnavIya cetanA ko mandAkinI ke jala ke samAna pAvana karate haiN| 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya mAnane meM tanika bhI koI saMkoca kI bAta nahIM hai / mahAkAvya ke nirdhArita sarvamAnya lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para jitanI bAra bhI bA~cA, jA~cA yA parakhA jAe para kabhI bhI, kahIM bhI, kisI bhI dazA meM usake mahAkAvyatva para koI sandeha nahIM ho sakatA kiMcita aMza meM bhii| nAyaka dhIrodAtta hai - cAhe zilpI ho yA AcAryazrI kI vANI se mukhara hotI guru kI saMcetanA meM pratiSThApita karate svayaM AcArya vidyAsAgara / kathAnaka ekadama akalpita, aitihAsika aura kathA bhI prakhyAta hai| 'mUkamATI' meM jahA~ taka rasa utpatti kI bAta hai to kahIM bhI, kisI bhI vidhi meM rasoM kI kamI nahIM hai| mahAkAvya meM zreSTha tattva puruSArtha catuSTaya kI prApti mAnI gaI hai / artha, dharma, kAma aura mokSa ke lie 'mUkamATI' meM jo sandeza hai usameM pUrI-pUrI vyAvahArikatA hai, yathArtha hai, kalpanA aura korA Adarza nhiiN| isa sandeza ko hRdayaMgama kara AcaraNa meM utArane meM kAphI sugamatA ho jAtI hai, mAtra AvazyakatA hai zabda se bodha lene kii| nArI kA sammAna : strI se nArI, abalA, sutA, mA~, patnI, duhitA, kumArI Adi vibhinna rUpoM meM usake guNoM kI sarAhanA karate hue usake zIla aura zAlInatA ko usakA AbhUSaNa mAnakara nArI kI prakRti, svabhAva aura nArItva ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| "yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH" kI vyAkhyA ko sAkAra kara diyA hai 'mUkamATI' meN| 'mUkamATI' ke jIvana darzana para vicAra kareM to hama pAte haiM ki isa kAvya kRti kA jIvana darzana, loka vyavahAra AcAra-vicAra se jur3A huA hai| hamAre nitya kA jIvana, kArya vyApAra, kriyA kalApa aura soca-vicAra bhI 'mUkamATI' meM vivecita hai / macchara ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA vivecana bar3A hI rocaka, manoraMjaka, mArmika aura gambhIra hai / ghara ke bhItara se lekara bAhara taka ke samAja ke aneka sarokAroM para kahIM tIkhe prahAra haiM to kahIM bar3I sAdagI se ve apanI bAta kaha jAte haiN| sAmAjika samasyAoM para ve kevala phabatI hI nahIM kasate, apitu ve apanI dRSTi se usakA vyAvahArika nidAna aura samAdhAna bhI dete haiN| cAhe hamArI nyAya prakriyA ho yA koI sAmAjika paramparA athavA nijI. gharela aura sAmAjika jIvana kI samasyAe~ hI kyoM na hoM, una saba ke lie bhI unakA dizA darzana bar3e kAma kA hai| use gA~Tha meM bA~dhakara usa para amala karane kI AvazyakatA hai| Ama AdamI ke jIvana se jur3A hokara yaha grantha sAmAjika hai, rASTrIyatA kA poSaka hai tathA AdhyAtmika cintana kA unnAyaka aura muktidAtA bhI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke tattva cintana meM jo sahaja dArzanikatA hai vaha kevala jaina darzana taka hI sImita nahIM hai| usameM vaidika darzana hai, nyAya, mImAMsaka aura vaizeSika darzana bhI samAhita hai| kumbha kI racanA se lekara zraddhAlu nagara seTha ke guru darzana aura phira AtaMkavAdiyoM ko ThikAne lagA kara puna: maMgala ghaTa usI ThikAne para Ate-Ate apanA jIvana patha pUrA kara letA hai / ghaTa kI isa ananta yAtrA meM aneka aise prasaMga haiM jinameM jIvana hai aura jIvana darzana bhii| bhAratIya darzana kA sampUrNa samAveza isa kRti meM kiyA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI kathA jaina darzana ke dRSTikoNa se bhI samyak hai, jo jaina granthoM meM bhI varNita hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' ke zabda sAdhaka pratyayoM kA mUlyAMkana zrImatI mithileza kumArI 'mUkamATI' jaina muni zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA racita maulika mahAkAvya hai| isa kRti kI bhASA meM prayoga sthAna kI dRSTi se nimnalikhita do prakAra ke zabda sAdhaka pratyaya prayukta hue haiM : 1. pUrva pratyaya 2. parapratyaya zabda se pahale lagane vAle zabdAMza 'pUrva pratyaya' kahalAte haiN| pUrva pratyayoM ke do prakAra ke prakArya haiM : 1. zabda ke mUla artha ko badala denA 2. zabda koTiyoM kA nirmANa tathA nirdhAraNa karanA / isa kAvyakRti meM prayukta pUrva pratyaya uparyukta donoM prakAra ke prakAryoM ko spaSTa karate haiN| kRti meM racanAstara para nimnalikhita do prakAra ke pUrva pratyaya prayukta hue haiM : 1. ekala pUrva pratyaya 2. dohare pUrva pratyaya 'mUkamATI' meM dohare pUrva pratyaya bahuta kama saMkhyA meM prayukta hue haiN| jo ekala pUrva pratyaya prayukta hue haiM, ve prAya: saMskRta mUla ke haiN| eka se adhika pUrva pratyayoM kA saha-prayoga 'dohare pUrva pratyaya' kahalAtA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prayukta kucha dohare pUrva pratyaya haiM - avicala (pR. 17), avilamba (pR. 45), AvirmANa (pR. 320) / uparyukta zabdoM meM avi' tathA 'Avi' dohare pUrva pratyaya haiN| inakI racanA-prakriyA nimnalikhita hai : a + vi = avi, A + vi = Avi 'mUkamATI' meM nimnalikhita do prakAra ke ekala pUrva pratyaya prayukta hue haiM : 1. eka artha ko vyakta karane vAlA eka pUrva pratyaya / 2. ekAdhika arthoM ko vyakta karane vAlA eka pUrva pratyaya / 3. eka artha ko vyakta karane vAle aneka pUrva pratyaya / ukta racanA meM ekArthI pUrva pratyayoM kA sabase adhika prayoga huA hai / bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se Adarza athavA mAnaka bhASA kI yahI sthiti hotI hai / ekArthI pUrva pratyaya mAnaka hindI ke haiN| saMskRta meM bhI inakA prayoga huA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prayukta pramukha ekala pUrva pratyaya nimnalikhita haiM : a-A, sa-su, pra-pari, apa-upa, prati-abhi, adhi-ud-ut-u, ni-nI, sama-anu, an-naa| ... uparyukta ekala pUrva pratyaya ekArthI haiN| sapUta tathA suyaza jaise zabdoM meM 'sa' tathA 'su' ekArthI haiN| sapUta, saphala evaM sarasa Adi zabdoM meM prayukta 'sa' pUrva pratyaya alaga-alaga arthoM ko vyakta kara rahA hai| sapUta' zabda meM prayukta 'sa' pUrva pratyaya kA artha zobhana yA sundara hai jabaki saphala tathA sarasa zabdoM meM prayukta 'sa' pUrva pratyaya sahita kA artha de rahA hai| uparyukta ekala pUrva pratyaya mUla zabda ke artha ko badala dete haiN| 'a-ana-nA'pUrva pratyaya niSedhArthaka haiN| inameM 'nA' arabI-phArasI kA pUrva pratyaya hai| _ 'mUkamATI' racanA meM kucha pUrva pratyaya aise bhI prayukta hue haiM jo ekAdhika arthoM ko vyakta karate haiN| 'nir-nivi'Adi pUrva pratyaya nimnalikhita zabdoM meM eka se adhika arthoM ko vyakta kara rahe haiN| 'nihAratI' (pR. 42), 'virAjatI' (pR. 42), 'vimala' (pR. 48), 'nivedana' (pR.45), 'nirantara' (pR. 11), 'niyoga' (pR. 6), 'nIrAga' (pR. 484), jIvana kA nirvAha' nahIM/'nirmANa' hotA hai (pR. 43), 'nirdezikA' (pR. 103), 'nirabhimAna' (pR. 320), 'nirgrantha' (pR. 64), 'virAdhanA' (pR. 37) / 'virAjatI' zabda meM prayukta 'vi' pUrva pratyaya tathA 'virAdhanA' meM prayukta pUrva pratyaya pRthak-pRthak arthoM ko vyakta kara rahe haiN| pahalA 'vi' pUrva pratyaya vizeSArthI hai tathA dUsarA 'vi' pUrva pratyaya niSedhArthI / niyoga yA nIrAga meM prayukta
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________________ 402 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'ni-nI' pUrva pratyaya tathA 'nihAratI' meM prayukta 'ni' pUrva pratyaya alaga-alaga arthoM ke bodhaka haiN| pahalA 'ni' niSedhArthI hai to dUsarA 'ni' nizcayArthI / 'nirmANa' zabda meM prayukta 'nir' pUrva pratyaya tathA 'nirabhimAna' zabda meM prayukta pUrva pratyaya 'nir' alaga-alaga arthoM ke paricAyaka haiN| pahalA 'nir' nizcayArthI hai tathA dUsarA 'nir' niSedhArthI hai / nizcayArthI pUrva pratyaya 'nir' nirantaratA bodhaka bhI hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM ekAdhika pUrva pratyaya eka hI artha ko vyakta tathA spaSTa karate haiM / 'nir, niz tathA ni:' pUrva pratyaya racanA stara para pRthak pRthak haiM / parantu tInoM hI niSedhavAcI haiN| tInoM pUrva pratyayoM kA prayoga apane bAda Ane vAlI dhvaniyoM kI prakRti se anuzAsita tathA niyantrita hotA hai| eka hI artha ke bodhaka ekAdhika pUrva pratyaya ekAdhika bhASAoM athavA boliyoM se sambaddha mAne jaaeNge| eka hI artha ke bodhaka ukta tInoM pUrva pratyaya yaha siddha karate haiM ki saMskRta ke nirmANa kI prakriyA meM aneka lokaboliyA~ kriyAzIla thiiN| 'nir' pUrva pratyaya eka ora nirantaratA kA bodhaka hai to dUsarI ora niSedhAtmakatA kA paricAyaka bhii| do svatantra arthoM kA dyotaka hone ke kAraNa yaha vyutpatti stara para do alaga-alaga zabda mUloM se vyutpanna mAnA jAegA / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI bhASA meM nimnAMkita prakAra ke zabda sAdhaka pratyaya prayukta hue haiM : 1. saMjJA banAne vAle parapratyaya 2. vizeSaNa banAne vAle parapratyaya 3. kriyA banAne vAle parapratyaya 4. kriyA vizeSaNa banAne vAle para pratyaya saMjJA banAne vAle zabda sAdhaka pratyaya yA parapratyaya nimnAMkita prakAra ke haiM : 1. saMjJA se saMjJA banAne vAle zabda sAdhaka pratyaya yA parapratyaya haiM - mAnavatA (pR. 81), laharAI (pR. 52), karuNAI (pR. 151), lar3akapana (pR.), bagulAI (pR. 72), haritA (pR. 179), pathika (pR. 172), tAmasatA (pR.94), mitratA (pR. 29) / uparyukta zabdoM meM parapratyaya prayukta hue haiM- tA, AI, I, pana, ika / uparyukta parapratyaya jAtivAcaka tathA vyaktivAcaka saMjJA zabdoM ke anta meM prayukta hokara bhAvavAcaka saMjJA zabdoM kA nirmANa karate haiM / 'ahamiyata', 'mamatA', 'mamatva', 'apanApana' yA 'apanatva' Adi zabdoM meM ye parapratyaya prayukta hue hai'iyata, tA, tva, pn'| ye parapratyaya sarvanAma zabdoM ke anta meM prayukta hokara bhAvavAcaka saMjJA zabdoM kA nirmANa kara rahe haiN| uparyukta cAroM parapratyaya eka hI zabda-koTi kA nirmANa karane ke kAraNa aitihAsika stara para alaga-alaga bhASA athavA bolI bhedoM se sambaddha kahe jAe~ge / 'naramAI (pR. 63), kaTutA (pR. 8), nIlimA (pR. 1), nUtanapana (pR. 58), khuradarApana (pR. 24), gIlApana' (pR. 165) Adi zabdoM meM 'AI, tA, imA tathA pana' parapratyaya bhAvavAcaka saMjJA banA rahe haiN| ukta parapratyaya vizeSaNa zabda varga se bhAvavAcaka saMjJA zabda varga kA nirmANa kara rahe haiM / 'bahAva (pR. 114), ThaharAva (pR. 89), laharAI (pR. 52), mur3ana (pR. 29), jur3ana (pR. 29), krudhana (pR.30), sRjana' (pR. 16) ityAdi kriyA zabdoM meM prayukta 'Ava, AI, ana, na' Adi parapratyaya bhAvavAcaka saMjJA zabdoM kA nirmANa kara rahe haiN| vibhinna zabda vargoM se bhAvavAcaka saMjJA zabdoM kI racanA meM samAna asamAna do prakAra ke parapratyaya prayukta hue haiM / ye sabhI parapratyaya racanA tathA prayoga prakriyA meM aitihAsika tathA sAMkAlika stara para aneka svatantra bolI prayogoM ko siddha karate haiM, sAtha hI bhAvavAcaka saMjJA zabdoM ke nirmANa kI prakriyA ko bhI prazasta karate haiM / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM vizeSaNa zabda varga kA nirmANa karane vAle nimnalikhita parapratyaya prayukta hue haiM : 1. saMjJA se vizeSaNa banAne vAle parapratyaya vizeSaNa se vizeSaNa banAne vAle parapratyaya 2.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 403 3. sarvanAma se vizeSaNa banAne vAle parapratyaya 4. kriyA se vizeSaNa banAne vAle parapratyaya 'raMgIna (pR. 159), laukika (pR. 411), dhUmila (pR. 187), retila (pR. 49), aMkurita (pR.7), kSetrIya (pR. 35), malina (pR. 90), karuNAmaya' (pR. 89) Adi zabdoM kI racanA-prakriyA isa prakAra hai- raMga+Ina = raMgIna; loka+ika = laukika; dhUma+ila = dhUmila; reta+ila = retila; aMkura+ita = aMkurita; kSetra+Iya = kSetrIya / ukta saMjJA zabdoM meM 'Ina, ika, ila, ita tathA Iya' parapratyaya prayukta hue haiM, jo vizeSaNa zabdoM kI racanA kara rahe haiN| ukta eka zabdavargIya parapratyaya alaga-alaga bhASA tathA bolI-bhedoM ke paricAyaka haiN| 'madhurima (pR. 1), ghaniSTha (pR. 29), prAthamika (pR. 11), mRdutama' (pR. 35) Adi zabdoM kI racanAprakriyA isa prakAra hai-madhura+ima = madhurima; ghanA+iSTha = ghaniSTha; prathama+ika = prAthamika; mRdu+tama = mRdutama / uparyukta vizeSaNa zabdoM meM 'ima, iSTha, ika tathA tama' parapratyaya prayukta hokara vizeSaNa zabdoM kA nirmANa kara rahe haiN| ukta sabhI parapratyaya saMskRta zabda mUla ke haiM tathA mAnaka hindI meM yathAvat prayukta ho rahe haiN| eka zabdavargIya hone ke kAraNa ukta parapratyaya ekAdhika svatantra boliyoM ke bodhaka haiN| ata: isa vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMskRta ke nirmANa meM aneka boliyoM kI bhUmikA rahI hai| ___ 'isa (pR.5), usa (pR. 32), kisa' (pR. 29) Adi zabdoM kI racanA-prakriyA isa prakAra hai-'i+sa; u+sa; ki+sa yA k+is'| sarvanAma zabdoM ke anta meM 'sa' vizeSaNa banAne vAlA parapratyaya prayukta huA hai| _ 'calatI (pR. 49), calatA (pR. 163), calate' (pR. 316) Adi vizeSaNa zabdoM kI racanA meM 'ta' parapratyaya prayukta huA hai| kriyA se vizeSaNoM kI racanA kama hotI hai| 'batiAnA, dukhiAnA, laThiAnA, saThiAnA' Adi saMjJA tathA vizeSaNa zabdoM meM 'A' parapratyaya prayukta hokara kriyA zabda varga kA nirmANa kara rahA hai| kahIM-kahIM racanAkAra ne pUrva pratyaya dvArA abhinava zabdoM kI racanA prakriyA kA saMketa kiyA hai, 'jaise acchAatucchA' (pR. 408) / __kahIM-kahIM dohare parapratyayoM kA prayoga karake zabda racanA ke mArga ko prazasta kiyA hai, jaise 'dehilatA' (pR.209) / 'deha+ila+tA' racanA-prakriyA se 'dehilatA' bhAvavAcaka saMjJA zabda banA hai| deha saMjJA se 'dehila' vizeSaNa banA tathA 'dehilatA' bhAvavAcaka saMjJA bnii| ___ uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kAvya racanA meM parapratyayoM ke prayoga kI prakriyA do prakAra kI prayukta huI hai : 1. aneka parapratyayoM ke yoga se eka zabda varga kA nirmANa honaa| 2. eka hI parapratyaya ke prayoga se ekAdhika zabda vargoM kA nirmANa / uparyukta parapratyaya nimnalikhita bhASA-bhedoM ke paricAyaka haiM : 1. mAnaka hindI ke parapratyaya 2. loka boliyoM ke parapratyaya 'mUkamATI' racanA meM mAnaka hindI ke pratyayoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai, loka boliyoM ke pratyayoM kA prayoga bahuta kama huA hai| pratyayoM ke prayogAnupAta kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' kI bhASA mAnaka hindI mAnI jaaegii| vibhinna zabda vargoM meM sambaddha hokara bhAvavAcaka saMjJA zabdoM kI racanA ukta kAvyakRti meM sabase adhika huI hai / vastuta: 'mUkamATI' bhAva tathA vicAra pradhAna racanA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM bhAvavAcaka saMjJA banAne vAle parapratyaya adhika prayukta hue haiN| bhAvavAcaka saMjJA banAne vAle parapratyaya bahustarIya haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki ukta kAvyakRti ke bhAva bahuAyAmI tathA bahustarIya haiN|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : mAnava jIvana ke antarbAhya dvandvoM kA saTIka citraNa DaoN. paramezvara solaMkI jaisalamerI (mADavI) bhASA meM manuSya ko mATI kahate haiN| "mATI keta?"= he manuSya tUM kahA~ jA rahA hai / aura "mATI ceta?"= he manuSya tUM cetA kara , sAvadhAna ho- ye do vAkya choTe hone para bhI artha-gaurava bhare haiN| bekaLU = bAlU = reta=dhUla ko vahA~ mATI yA miTTI nahIM kahate / dUsare zabdoM meM vahA~ mATI caitanya hai / susaMskArita hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM bhI : "sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai aura jisakA nAmakaraNa huA hai muukmaattii|" ".."mar3hiyA jI (jabalapura) meM/dvitIya vAcanA kA kAla thA/sRjana kA atha huA aura/nayanAbhirAmanayanAgiri meM/pUrNa patha huA/samavasaraNa mandira banA/jaba gajaratha huaa|" arthAt zrI pisanahArI mar3hiyA jI (jabalapura, madhyapradeza) aura nayanAgiri jI (chatarapura, madhyapradeza) kI puNyabhUmi ko sambodhita karake yaha kAvya racA gayA aura dUdha meM ghI kI taraha 'mUkamATI' se kAvya tattva prakaTa huA hai jo zramaNa saMskRti ke zAzvata siddhAnta kI pratiSThApanA karatA hai| - 'mUkamATI' meM cAra khaNDa haiM- 1. 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' 2. 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' 3. 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura 4. 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' / ina cAroM khaNDoM kA vidhAna aura sampUrNa kAvya kA vitAna lagabhaga 500 pRSThoM meM hai, jo parimANa kI dRSTi se mahAkAvya kI sImAoM ko chUtA hai / hAlA~ki mahAkAvya kI apekSAoM ke anurUpa zAstrIya samIkSA meM 'mUkamATI' kharA nahIM utaratA kintu usameM mATI nAyikA hai, kumbhakAra nAyaka hai, AdhyAtmika romAMsa hai, prAkRtika pariveza hai, zabdAlaMkAra, arthAlaMkAroM ke mohaka sandarbha haiM aura zabda kA, vyAkaraNa kI sAna para tarAzA nayA-nayA artha hai, jaise : "yuga ke Adi meM/isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai/kumbhakAra ! 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai / " (pR. 28) bhAvanA bhAtA huA gadahA (gadhA) bhagavAn se prArthanA karatA hai : "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho!/yAnI/gada kA artha hai roga / hA kA artha hai hAraka/maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banUM/""basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM/gada-hA"gadahA!" (pR. 40) Adhi, vyAdhi, upAdhi kI vyAkhyA dekhie : "vyAdhi se itanI bhIti nahIM ise/jitanI Adhi se hai/aura Adhi se itanI bhIti nahIM ise/jitanI upAdhi se| ise upadhi kI AvazyakatA hai/upAdhi kI nahIM, mA~ ! ise samadhI - samAdhi mile, basa !/avadhi - pramAdI nhiiN|/updhi yAnI
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________________ nArI ke vividha rUpoM ke lie kavi kahatA hai : nArI : kumArI : abalA : strI : sutA : duhitA : mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 405 upakaraNa-upakAraka hai nA ! / upAdhi yAnI / parigraha- apakAraka hai nA!" (pR.86) O "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA / zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana- sArI mitratA / muphta milatI rahatI inase / yahI kAraNa hai ki / inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI' yAnI - /'na ari' nArI / athavA / ye ArI nahIM haiM so" naarii"|" (pR. 202) 66 'ku' yAnI pRthivI / 'mA' yAnI lakSmI/ aura 'rI' yAnI denevAlI / isase yaha bhAva nikalatA hai ki yaha dharA sampadA -sampannA / taba taka rahegI jaba taka yahA~ 'kumArI' rhegii|" (pR. 204) "... jo / puruSa - citta kI vRtti ko / vigata kI dazAoM / aura anAgata kI AzAoM se / pUrI taraha haTAkara / 'aba' yAnI Agata - vartamAna meM lAtI hai/ abalA kahalAtI hai vaha " ! balA yAnI samasyA saMkaTa hai/na balA" so abalA samasyA- zUnya-samAdhAna 'abalA ke abhAva meM sabala puruSa bhI nirbala banatA hai / samasta saMsAra hI, phira, samasyA-samUha siddha hotA hai, / isalie striyoM kA yaha 'abalA' nAma sArthaka hai !" (pR. 203) 66 's' yAnI sama-zIla - saMyama / 'trI' yAnI tIna artha haiM dharma, artha, kAma - puruSArthoM meM / puruSa ko kuzala - saMyata banAtI hai so. 'strI' kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205 ) ''sutA' zabda svayaM sunA rahA hai :/ 'su' yAnI suhAvanI acchAiyA~ aura / 'tA' pratyaya vaha / bhAva - dharma, sAra ke artha meM hotA hai yAnI, / sukha-suvidhAoM kA srota so - / 'sutA' kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 205 ) 44 'ubhaya- kula maMgala - vardhinI / ubhaya-loka-sukha sarjinI sva-para-hita sampAdikA / kahIM rahakara kisI taraha bhI hita kA dohana karatI rahatI / so..' duhitA' kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 206) isI prakAra anya vAkya athavA uktiyA~ bhI sabala, sArthaka DhaMga se vyakta huI haiM : " ati ke binA / iti se sAkSAtkAra sambhava nahIM
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________________ 406 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 0 aura/iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava / " (pR. 33) 0 "'bhI' ke Asa-pAsa/bar3hatI-sI bhIr3a lagatI avazya, kintu bhIr3a nahIM,/'bhI' lokatantra kI rIr3ha hai|" (pR. 173) 0 "dharatI kI pratiSThA banI rahe, aura/hama saba kI dharatI meM niSThA ghanI rahe, basa / " (pR. 262) "yoga ke kAla meM bhoga kA honA/roga kA kAraNa hai, aura/bhoga ke kAla meM roga kA honA/zoka kA kAraNa hai|" (pR. 407) "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jAo!" (pR. 432) "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN| aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN|" (pR. 245) "hamArI upAsya-devatA/ahiMsA hai/aura/jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai vahA~ nizcita hI/hiMsA chalatI hai |/arth yaha huA ki granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai/aura/nirgrantha-dazA meM hI ahiMsA palatI hai|" (pR. 64) sarvAMza meM 'mUkamATI' kI tulanA kisI dUsarI kRti se athavA zAstrIya mApadaNDoM se usakI vivecanA kI jAnI ThIka nahIM hai / yugacetanA ke rUpa meM naitika mUlya aura zramaNa saMskRti ke pariveza kI avadhAraNA isa kAvya meM hai, jo eka vItarAgI, naMga-dhaDaMga mahAtmA kA sRjana hone se mAnava jIvana ke antarbAhya dvandvoM kA saTIka citraNa karatA hai| santa kavi ne mUka mATI ko mAtR rUpa meM dekhA hai aura usI ke anurUpa sabake lie maMgala kAmanA kI hai : "yahA~ "saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM nAzA kI AzA miTe/AmUla mahaka uThe/"basa !" (pR. 478) __ aise zreSTha, udAtta aura dizAbodhakAraka kAvya sRjana aura prakAzana ke lie usameM nimitta bane sabhI loga sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| grantha sabhI granthAlaya aura vAcanAlayoM meM pahu~canA cAhie / Adhunika yuga ke yuvaka, yuvatiyA~ ise jarUra par3heM, aise prabandha hone caahie| [sampAdaka- 'tulasI prajJA'(traimAsika), lADanUM (nAgaura) rAjasthAna, akTUbara-disambara, 1991] napAntAvA kara....----
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : lIka se haTakara pratibhA kA paricaya dene vAlI racanA DaoN. oma prakAza gupta jaba kabhI sAhityakAroM ne lIka se haTakara apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai, Alocaka ke lie naI cunautiyA~ banI haiN| vartamAna yuga meM mahAkAvya usa zAstrIya caukhaTe se bahuta bAhara nikala AyA hai jisakA nirmANa AcAryoM ne zatAbdiyoM pUrva kiyA thA / AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' aisI hI kRti hai| lekhaka jaina dharmAcArya haiM aura svAbhAvika hai ki unakI sthApanAe~ ukta dharma ke siddhAntoM se prabhAvita huI haiN| apane grantha kI bhUmikA 'mAnasa taraMga' meM lekhaka ne inhIM siddhAntoM para AdhArita kucha prazna prastuta kie haiM / ye prazna vastuta: aise logoM ke samakSa rakhe gae haiM jo 'nimitta' kAraNoM ke prati AsthA nahIM rkhte| Age bar3hane se pUrva inameM se kucha praznoM para dRSTi DAlanA ucita hogA : "kyA Aloka ke abhAva meM kuzala kumbhakAra bhI kumbha kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai ?" athavA "...kyA kumbha banAne kI icchA niruddezya hotI hai ?" nirAkAra Izvara dvArA sRSTi-racanA ke tarka ko jhuThalAte hue AcAryapravara likhate haiM : "azarIrI hokara asIma sRSTi kI racanA karanA to dUra, sAMsArika choTI-choTI kriyA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii|" kintu Age calakara jaba ve likhate haiM : "hA~, saMsArI Izvara bana sakatA hai, sAdhanA ke bala para, sAMsArika bandhanoM ko tor3akara", to vaha svata: eka dhArmika upadeSTA se sAhitya sarjaka kI bhUmikA grahaNa karane lagate haiN| kAvya marmajJoM ne kAvya ko bhAvayoga ke kSetra kI sAdhanA kahakara kAvya aura zAstra kA vibheda spaSTa karane kA yatna kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA lekhaka sAdhanA ko sRjana se alaga nahIM mAnatA aura yaha sRjana sRSTi meM satata calane vAlI prakriyA kA paryAya hai / dharatI mATI se kahatI hai : "AsthA ke viSaya ko/AtmasAt karanA ho use anubhUta karanA ho/to/sAdhanA ke sA~ce meM svayaM ko DhAlanA hogA saharSa !" (pR. 10) sRjana kI isa yAtrA meM eka nimitta kumbhakAra bhI hai| miTTI svayaM parizrama nahIM karatI, parizrama to kumbhakAra karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kA lekhaka kumbhakAra kI jisa sRjana sAdhanA ko kAvya kA viSaya banAtA hai, vaha 'ajJeya' kI 'asAdhya vINA' ke kezakambalI kI sAdhanA ke bahuta nikaTa hai| usakA mAnanA hai : "kevala kSetrIya hI nahIM/bhAvoM kI/nikaTatA bhI/atyanta anivArya hai isa pratIti ke lie|" (pR. 35) isa bhAgavata pratIti ke lie karuNA evaM dayA kI anivAryatA svIkAra kI gaI hai, kyoMki : "dayA kA honA hI/jIva-vijJAna kA/samyak paricaya hai|" (pR. 37) ____ miTTI se kumbha banane kI pUrI prakriyA sAmAnya manuSya ke udAttIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai| miTTI jina-jina dazAoM se guz2aratI hai, ve sAdhanA patha kI vibhinna sthitiyA~ haiM / inameM sabase pramukha hai vinamratA, kyoMki : "kharA zabda bhI svayaM/vilomarUpa se kaha rahA hairAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?" (pR. 57)
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________________ 408 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA yaha vinamratA hI ahiMsA patha kI pahalI zarta hai tathA kSamA bhAva ke sAtha saMyukta hokara samasta vizva ke kalyANa kI kAmanA karatI hai : "khammAmi, khamaMtu me-/...yahA~ koI bhI to nahIM hai saMsAra-bhara meM merA vairI!" (pR. 105) kavi ne zAnta rasa ko sabhI rasoM se zreSTha mAnA hai aura yahI isa mahAkAvya kA mukhya rasa hai| kavi kI mAnyatA ina zabdoM meM vyakta huI hai : "karuNA-rasa jIvana kA prANa hai/...vAtsalya jIvana kA trANa hai ...zAnta-rasa jIvana kA gAna hai/...saMyama-rata dhImAna ko hI 'om' banA detA hai|" (pR. 159-160) kumbha para utkIrNa cihnoM kI vizada vyAkhyA karatA huA kavi kumbha ke pakAne kI samUcI prakriyA ko sAdhaka kI tapasyA, manuSya ke udAttIkaraNa kI yAtrA banA detA hai / avA kI agni kA kahanA hai : "agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka/kisI ko bhI mukti milI nahIM, na hI bhaviSya meM milegii|" (pR. 275) kumbha kA agni ke prati samarpaNa bhI isI sAdhanA patha kA saMketaka hai : "...mere doSoM ko jalAo !/mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI mujhe jilAnA hai|" (pR. 277) miTTI ke kumbha ke pakane ke sAtha hI AcArya apane mahAkAvya ko samApta nahIM karate / kathA ko adhika spaSTa karate hue vaha ise eka seTha kI kathA banA dete haiN| nagara seTha apane nivAsa para mahAsanta kA svAgata karate haiN| svarNAdi bahumUlya dhAtuoM se nirmita kalazoM kI apekSA miTTI ke kalaza kA mahattva sthApita hotA hai tathA yahI kalaza seTha ko saparivAra lakSya kI prApti karavAtA hai / seTha aura kumbha kI yaha yAtrA kahIM 'pilagrimja praoNgresa' kI yAda dilAtI hai to kahIM kAmAyanI aura manu ke kailAza-zikhara pahu~cane kI dazA ke citraNa kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai, puna: kahIM zrI nareza mehatA ke 'mahAprasthAna' meM pANDavoM kI antima yAtrA kI anubhUti pAThaka ko gherane lagatI hai : "sabase Age kumbha hai/mAna-dambha se mukta,.... chA jAve sukha-chA~va,/sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva / " (pR. 478) kavi prAya: kAvya jagat se darzana aura cintana kI vIthiyoM meM calA jAtA hai kintu cintaka mana bhAva kA sparza nahIM chor3a pAtA aura yahI vizeSatA isa grantha ko dhArmika-dArzanika grantha kI apekSA eka kAvya grantha banAtI hai| cintana aura darzana ko kalAtmaka saundarya se yukta karanA hI kAvya kA uccatama uddezya hai aura isa uddezya meM 'mUkamATI' kA kavi pUrNata: saphala huA hai| ['prakara' (mAsika), naI dillI, janavarI, 1992]
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka samIkSAtmaka avalokana pro. (DaoN.) AzA guptA paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' prApta huaa| jitanA sundara bahiraMga, usase bhI zreSTha antaraMga dekhakara harSa huA, santoSa huA / cAra sau aThAsI pRSTha kA vRhatkAya grantha ghara baiThe upalabdha huA / granthiyoM kA vimocana karane vAlA yaha sadgrantha digambara paramparA ke jainI mahAtmA vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racA gayA hai, yaha dekha kara Azcarya huaa| adhunAtana kavitA kI paripATI kA valkala pahanA kara darzana, adhyAtma, sadupadeza ko prastuta karane kA yaha eka rUpakamaya prayAsa nizcita hI stutya hai| mATI nirmita yaha dehakumbha, hama sabhI kA hai / kabIradAsa kI ina paMktiyoM se hama loga paricita rahe haiM : . "mATI kahe kumhAra se, tU kyA ruMdhe moya / eka dina aisA hoyagA, maiM saiMdhUMgI toya // " 'chiti-jala-pAvaka-gagana-samIrA' ke dvArA nirmita deha ke sAtha hama sabhI raha rahe haiM / kSiti, miTTI, pRthvI tattva kI sthUlatA kI bAta to kI jAtI hai, kintu use isa dRSTi se dekhanA ki vahI guru banakara upadeza de - kartRtvabhAva grasta jIva rUpI kumhAra ko, yaha AcArya vidyAsAgarajI jaise divyadRSTi sampanna mahAtmA ke lie hI sambhava thaa| __ maiMne do bAra grantha ko dhyAna se par3hane kI ceSTA kI hai| nATakIya saMvAdoM se yukta prasaMga bahuta jIvanta haiN| yaha racanA sAMsArika yazakAmI lekhaka kI nahIM hai, santa kI hai, ata: isameM bhinna prakAra kI vizeSatAe~ svAbhAvika rUpa se samAviSTa jo asAdhAraNa tattva mujhe isa 'mUkamATI' ke lage, unameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM : 1. isameM nizcita rUpa se kavi-AcArya-santa-lekhaka kA AdhyAtmika uddezya hai / kAvya ko adhyAtma kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai| 2. jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kA samAyojana kAvya meM bar3e svAbhAvika rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| 3. aneka sthala kavitA kI dRSTi se bhI sundara bana par3e haiN| 4. yathArtha kA khUba acchA paricaya lekhaka ko hai, yaha aneka sthaloM para prakaTa hai| yathArtha para nissaMkoca prahAra yatkiMcit hai| 5. aneka siddhAnta vAkyoM, sUtra vAkyoM se grantha dhanI hai| 6. grantha upadezAtmaka hai / upadeza ko saMvAda ke rUpa meM, vAtsalya, prema, madhura bhAvanAoM se samAveSTita kara ___madhuratA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 7. upadeza grantha hote hue bhI manoraMjana ke sthala isameM haiN| nIrasatA nahIM hai| 8. sabase mukhya bAta hai isakI bhaassaa| lekhaka kA bhASA para adhikAra hai / vaha bhASA se khelanA jAnatA hai / aneka staroM para yaha khela lambA khiMcA hai| aneka staroM para bhASA sambandhI navIna prayoga, navIna arthAnveSaNa rocaka haiM tathA naI sUcanAe~ dene vAle haiN| lekhaka ko zabda ko ulaTa kara dekhane meM vizeSa prakAra kI ruci hai, aura yaha ruci bar3I vicitra mahimA - bhASA ko prakaTa karane vAlI siddha
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________________ 410 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA saMkSepa meM uparyukta vizeSatAoM ko kahU~ to yaha ki AdhyAtmika upadeza ko lekhaka ne bhASA para hara prakAra ke adhikAra ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai / 'mUkamATI' eka rUpaka gAthA hai, sAMgarUpaka / ___ isameM nissandeha do mata nahIM ho sakate ki AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' aneka dRSTiyoM se stutya hai| dharma aura darzana Aja ke yuga meM manoraMjana kA rUpa le cuke haiN| gambhIra adhyAtmaparAyaNa jo bhI AcArya haiM, mahAtmA haiM, ve cintita haiM yuga kI isa vikRta pravRtti se| kisI na kisI Azraya se, mAdhyama se, janatA kA, vizeSakara samajha sampanna logoM kA mArgadarzana karane ke lie aise ghora kalikAla meM bhI kucha gine-cune santa kRpApUrvaka lage hue haiN| isa sambandha meM AcAryajI ke zabda haiM : "sat kI khoja meM lagI dRSTi hI/sat-yuga hai, beTA !/aura ! asat viSayoM meM DUbI/A-pAda-kaNTha sat ko asat mAnanevAlI dRSTi/svayaM kaliyuga hai beTA !" (pR. 83) santa kavitA ke lie kavitA nahIM likhate / kabIradAsajI kA lakSya kAvya nahIM thA / kathya hI santoM ke lie pramukha hotA hai| abhivyakti svayameva kAvya bana jAya, ye dUsarI bAta hai / mUkamATI bhI mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM sacetana ho uThI hai, kintu mUla kathya isa kA vaha sandeza hai jo adhyAtmaparaka lakSya rUpa se nizcita rUpa se samanvita hai| mukta chanda meM likhA gayA yaha mahAkAvya alaMkAra, nATakIya saMvAda evaM zabdoM ke camatkArapUrNa sthaloM se bharapUra hai| manoraMjana ke lie bhI aneka sthala haiN| jJAnavarddhaka sUcanA dene vAlI aneka bAteM haiM, lekina ye saba merI dRSTi se gauNa varNanoM meM bhAvukatA kA bhI paryApta samAveza hai| aneka prakAra kI sAMsArika vyavahAra kI bAtoM ke bhI upadeza haiN| kaI jagaha AcAryajI ne arthoM kI apane DhaMga se udbhAvanA kI hai| zabdoM ko ulaTa kara aneka jagaha rakhA gayA hai, yathA: nadI-dIna, rAhI-hIrA, rAkha-kharA Adi / AcAryajI kA mukhya sandeza grantha ke prArambha meM hI udghoSita hai : "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara/jalA-jalA kara rAkha karanA hogA/tabhI kahIM cetana-AtmA/kharA utregaa|" (pR. 57) .. 'mAnasa taraMga'- bhUmikA meM kavi ne svayaM isa kAvya sRjana kA uddezya spaSTa karate hue kahA hai : "...jisane zuddha sAttvika bhAvoM se sambandhita jIvana ko dharma kahA hai; jisakA prayojana sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla karanA aura yuga ko zubha-saMskAroM se saMskArita kara bhoga se yoga kI ora mor3a dekara vItarAga zramaNa-saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai|" AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke anusAra : "...zramaNa-saMskRti ke sampoSaka jaina-darzana ne bar3I AsthA ke sAtha Izvara ko parama zraddheya-pUjya ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM nhiiN| isIlie jaina-darzana, nAstika darzanoM ko sahI dizAbodha denevAlA eka Adarza Astika darzana hai|" AcAryajI ke dvArA uddhRta 'tejovindu-upaniSad' (5/ 51-52) ke anusAra : "...Izvara ko sRSTi-kartA ke rUpa meM svIkAranA hI, use nakAranA hai, aura yahI nAstikatA hai, mithyA hai| ...brahmA ko sRSTi kA kartA, viSNu ko sRSTi kA saMrakSaka aura maheza ko sRSTi kA vinAzaka mAnanA mithyA hai, isa mAnyatA ko chor3anA hI AstikatA hai|"
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 411 grantha ke prastavana' lekhaka lakSmIcandra jaina ke anusAra : "...AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI kRti 'mUkamATI' mAtra kavi-karma nahIM hai, yaha eka dArzanika santa kI AtmA kA saMgIta hai - santa jo sAdhanA ke jIvanta pratirUpa haiM aura sAdhanA jo Atma-vizuddhi kI maMz2iloM para sAvadhAnI se paga dharatI huI, lokamaMgala ko sAdhatI hai|" anubhUti kI antaraMga laya pUre kAvya meM vyApta hai / mATI jaisI tuccha akiMcana, padadalita vastu mahAkAvya kA viSaya bane, yaha nitAnta anokhI kalpanA, nirmala vANI aura sArthaka sampreSaNa ke yoga se, mukta chanda meM nirbAdha sAkAra pravAhita huI hai| Adhunika jIvana ke abhinava zAstra ko mATI rUpI nAyikA, kumbhakAra rUpI nAyaka ke sAtha vicAra vimarza kA viSaya banAtI hai / vArtA donoM ke madhya kahIM kAvya kI ora jhuka jAtI hai, kahIM adhyAtma kI ora / phalasvarUpa kAvyasRjana aura AdhyAtmika maulika siddhAnta- donoM hI dRSTiyoM se aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSa apanA saundarya bikherate calate haiN| pUrA grantha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai : 1. saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha 2. zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM 3. puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana 4. agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha AcAryajI ke hRdaya meM pIr3A hai : "he svAmin !/samagra saMsAra hI/duHkha se bharapUra hai yahA~ sukha hai, para vaiSayika/aura vaha bhI kSaNika !" (pR. 484-485) aura unakI nizcita AsthA hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI/mokSa hai|" (pR. 486) doSoM ke jala jAne para hI vAstavika jIvana jIne kA sAmarthya manuSya hAsila karatA hai : "mere doSoM ko jalAnA hI/mujhe jilAnA hai|" (pR. 277) aura yaha saba jJAna upalabdha hotA hai santoM ke naikaTya se : "santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai|" (pR. 352) kSamA, maitrI, bodha kA vikAsa, krodha kA zamana-ye saba hI jIvana ko jIne yogya banAte haiN| isalie : "pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se/ghRNA karo!"(pR. 50-51) tana aura mana ko tapa kI Aga meM jo jalAtA hai, samayocita kArya jo karatA hai usako hI zAnti, sukha, Ananda, divya-bhAva prApta hotA hai : 0 "nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kaary|" (pR. 51) 0 "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara jalA-jalA kara/rAkha karanA hogaa|" (pR. 57)
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________________ 412:: : mUkamATI-mImAMsA : AsthA hI vaha mUla hai jo AcaraNa ko puSpita, pallavita, saphala banAtI hai / usako hI sIMcanA hai : "AsthA ke binA AcaraNa meM / Ananda AtA nahIM, A sakatA nahIM / phira, AsthAvAlI sakriyatA hI/niSThA kahalAtI hai / " (pR. 120 ) "AghAta mUla para ho / druma sUkha jAtA hai, do mUla salila to / pUraNa phUlatA hai|" (pR. 125) m m AcAryajI kI karuNA se bharapUra komala dRSTi garIboM kI TapakatI kuTiyA se lekara jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM para gaI / kahIM-kahIM para jIvana meM kAma Ane vAlI bar3I hI sAdhAraNa bAtoM kA ullekha hai : O 44 'AdhA bhojana kIjie / duguNA pAnI pIva / tiguNA zrama cauguNI ha~sI / varSa savA sau jIva !" (pR. 133) 66 'Amada kama kharcA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai miTa jAne kA kUbata kama gussA jyAdA / lakSaNa hai piTa jAne kA !" (pR. 135) jIvana ke kaTu satya kA ullekha bar3I hI sIdhI bhASA meM eka sthala para kiyA gayA hai : O "bhoga par3e haiM yahIM / bhogI calA gayA, yoga par3e haiM yahIM/yogI calA gayA / " (pR. 180 ) mantra ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra kI bAteM kahI jAtI haiM / AcAryajI ne isa sambandha meM bar3e pate kI bAta kahI " mantra na hI acchA hotA hai / nA hI burA / acchA, burA to apanA mana hotA hai / sthira mana hI vaha / mahAmantra hotA hai / " (pR. 108 - 109) mokSa se sambandhita sthApanA bhI bar3I sahaja, saTIka hai : " apane ko chor3akara / para - padArtha se prabhAvita honA hI moha kA pariNAma hai / aura / saba ko chor3akara apane Apa meM bhAvita honA hI / mokSa kA dhAma hai|" (pR.109-110) mana kA astitva hI manuSya ko aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyoM se jakar3atA hai / ahaMvAdI banAtA hai / vinaya se rakhatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bar3I sUjha-bUjha se kahA gayA hai : "mana kI chA~va meM hI /mAna panapatA hai mana kA mAthA namatA nahIM / na - 'mana' ho, taba kahIM namana ho 'samaNa' ko / isalie mana yahI kahatA hai sadAnama na ! nama na !! nama na !!!" (pR. 97 ) jana-mAnasa meM pracalita aneka kahAvatoM aura sUktiyoM kA bhI AkarSaka prayoga isa grantha meM milatA hai :
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________________ 00 O 66 O bAyeM hiraNa / dAyeM jAya -, "jaba davA kAma nahIM karatI/ taba duA kAma karatI hai / " (pR. 241 ) kA~Te se hI kA~TA nikAlA jAtA hai|" (pR. 256 ) 66 kahIM-kahIM aisI kahAvatoM para sundara bhASA kA, kathana zailI kI maulika bhaMgimA kA AvaraNa bhI dIkhatA hai : 66 mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 413 - / laMkA - jIta / rAma ghara Aya / " (pR. 25) "" jaba suI se kAma cala sakatA hai / talavAra kA prahAra kyoM ? jaba phUla se kAma cala sakatA hai/ zUla kA vyavahAra kyoM ?" (pR. 257) urdU kI prasiddha ukti 'darda kA hada se guz2ara jAnA hI hai davA ho jAnA' ko AcAryajI ne isa prakAra kahA hai: pIr3A kI ati hI / pIr3A kI iti hai / " (pR. 33) AcAryajI yoM to sAhitya se bhinna nitAnta alaga prakAra kI paramparA ke mahApuruSa haiM, kintu sAhitya ke marma se ve bhalI bhA~ti paricita haiN| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jitanA bhI zreSTha sAhitya likhA gayA hai, vaha sAhityakAroM dvArA nahIM, santoM dvArA hI likhA gayA hai| hindI sAhitya kA bhakti yuga isakA sAkSAt pramANa hai / ata: AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA yaha hita kI bhAvanA se sampreSita sadgrantha 'mUkamATI' nizcaya hI unakI sAhitya sambandhI svayaM kI ukti ke mAnadaNDa se, sAhitya kI kasauTI para kharA utaratA hai| sAhitya ke sambandha meM AcAryajI ke zabda haiM : 64 hita se jo yukta- samanvita hotA hai / vaha sahita mAnA hai aura / sahita kA bhAva hI / sAhitya bAnA hai, sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho / sahI sAhitya vahI hai anyathA,/ surabhi se virahita puSpa- sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha / sAra - zUnya zabda - jhuNDa" ise, yU~ bhI kahA jA sakatA hai/ki zAnti kA zvAsa letA / sArthaka jIvana hI sraSTA hai zAzvata sAhitya kA / " (pR. 111) AcAryajI ke 'mUkamATI' grantha kI Adhunika Alocaka bhale hI prazaMsA na kareM, kintu AcAryajI ne jisa bhAva se prerita hokara isa grantha ko mUrtimAn kiyA hai, usa taka Aja ke sAhityika AlocakoM kI pahu~ca bahuta kama sambhava hai / adhyAtma kI dRSTi, parahita samanvita tapa, sRSTi ke kaNa-kaNa ko guru svarUpa jAnanA - pahacAnanA - ina saba bAtoM ke lie, Adhunikatama manoraMjanoM ke pIche bhAgatA mAnava samAja abhI mAnasika rUpa se taiyAra nahIM hai| phira bhI santa jana kRpA karake apanI vANI - samabhAva se sabhI taka pahu~cAne ke sat prayatna meM kabhI bhI zrama kA anubhava nahIM karate / 'mUkamATI' isI satya kA eka sundara pratimAna hai| pR. 313 lo, pUjana-kArya se nivRtta ho nIce AyA seTha prAMgaNa meM aura vaha bhI mATI kA maMgala-kummale khar3A honA!. -
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________________ 'mUkamATI' aura bhAratIya adhyAtma ke caraNa : siMhAvalokana DaoN. (zrImatI) maMju avasthI jisa mATI se jIvana ni:sRta huA, usI mATI meM vaha samA jAegA, kintu mATI kitanI hamAre jIvana kA ahaM hissA hai, ye samajhanA Aja hamAre lie sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai / mATI, jise caraNoM tale rauMdA jAtA hai, usI mATI kA eka sUkSma kaNa yadi netra meM par3a jAe to netra pIr3A se karAha uThate haiN| 'mUkamATI ke kathya ko una tamAma bhakta kaviyoM ke dAyare meM rakhA jA sakatA hai, jinake zreSTha vicAroM se hindI sAhitya gauravAnvita hai| mATI ko kathA nAyikA ke rUpa meM citrita kara AcAryazrI ne apanI bhAva pravaNatA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma-darzana ko rUpAyita kiyA hai| AcAryazrI vacana para nahIM, pravacana meM vizvAsa karate haiN| pravacana kI sAragarbhitA isa bAta se preya hotI hai ki hama usake kathya ko AtmasAt kara sakeM / mATI, jo pairoM tale rauMdI jAtI hai, usakI vyathA ko kauna samajhegA? jainendrajI ne 'tatsat' kathA meM jisa taraha sAmAnya ghAsa ko aura ajJeya ne harI ghAsa para kSaNa bhara' meM mUka ghAsa ko vANI dI, usI prakAra sadiyoM se pIr3ita, damita, dalita mATI ko mukharita kiyA hai AcAryazrI ne| ___mATI kA banA ye zarIra mATI meM hI mila jAtA hai, taba Aja mATI ke mahattva ko pahacAnane kI sarvAdhika AvazyakatA hai| nazvara hai yaha zarIra / ise zAzvata banAyA jA sakatA hai - kaise ? apane zreSTha karmoM ke dvArA / jisa taraha mATI kA kumbha vibhinna parIkSAoM se guz2aratA huA eka aisA kalaza bana jAtA hai, jisameM jala bharakara atithi kA svAgata kiyA jAtA hai, jo dUsaroM ke hita ke lie, tRSita kI tRSA bujhAne ke kAma meM samarpita hotA hai, usI taraha yaha mATI kA zarIra bhI parahita meM tatpara honA caahie| dehadhAraNa karane kA artha hI hotA hai ki para-kalyANa hetu mAnava dharma meM dIkSita honA, kintu kitane loga isa tathya ko grahaNa kara pAe haiN| jaina dharma to karatala bhikSA-tarutala vAsa' meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai, aura vAstava meM aise hI vyakti paropakAra meM nirata ho sakate haiN| ___'mUkamATI' ke kathya ko cAra sopAnoM meM vibhAjita kara aneka uddharaNoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne apane vicAra vyakta kie haiN| prathama sopAna ke Arambhika aMza ko par3hate hI mahAkAvya ke Arambhika prakRti citra dRSTigocara hote haiN| mATI kI mUka pIr3A, caraNoM tale nirantara kucalI jAtI mATI kI kasakana, kisI se kaha na pAne kI pIr3A ko abhivyakti dI hai AcAryazrI ne / vAstava meM mATI kI vyathA kavi kI vyathA bana gaI hai| jananI kI kror3a meM baiThI abodha bAlikA-sI mATI prazna-para-prazna karatI hai, jijJAsAoM kA anta nahIM hai / dhRti dhAraNI mA~ dharA usakI mA~ hai / apane nizchala vAtsalya se sampUrNa sRSTi ko AplAvita karatI hai mA~ / bholI jijJAsAoM ko usI mA~ ke samakSa rakhatI hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se,/ adhama pApiyoM se pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !/sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~ tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !/isakI pIr3A avyaktA hai vyakta kisake sammukha karU~ !" (pR. 4) mATI kI pIr3A, AtmahInatA kI bhAvanA use pIr3ita kara rahI hai| vaha ArtabhAvanA se pUcha baiThatI hai : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~"ise !" (pR. 5) ye mATI kabIra kI vAcAla mATI nahIM hai, jo cIkha-cIkhakara zilpI se kahatI hai : "ika dina aisA AyagA, jaba maiM rauM, toh|" kintu yaha mATI nirIha bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki use samAdhAna mila jAtA hai :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 415 "sattA zAzvata hotI hai, beTA !/prati-sattA meM hotI haiM anagina sambhAvanAyeM/utthAna-patana kii|" (pR. 7) udAharaNa diyA hai kavi ne baragada kA bIja khasakhasa ke dAne-sA sUkSma hotA hai, kintu ucita samaya meM khAda, vAyu evaM jala ke saMsarga se vizAla vaTavRkSa bana khar3A ho, aneka khaga-kuloM ko tathA zrAnta/pathika ko Azraya detA hai aura anAyAsa vaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa bana jAtA hai| ___saMgati ke prabhAva kA pariNAma kavi kI dRSTi meM pratyeka prANI para par3atA hai / yahA~ kavi para kabIra kI vicAradhArA kA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| varSA ke jala kI eka bUMda sAgara meM giratI hai to lavaNayukta ho jAtI hai, sIpI meM giratI hai to zvetAbha muktA bana jAtI hai, viSadhara ke mukha meM viSa tathA cAtaka ke mukha meM sudhA-sama ho jAtI hai aura kadalI pallava para girane para karpUra bana jAtI hai / kabIra bhI yahI kahate haiM : "mUriSa saMga na kIjie, lohA jAti na tiraaii| kadalI sIpa bhujaMga mukha, eka da tihu~ bhAI // " AcAryazrI ne jisa puruSArtha kI carcA kI hai, vaha hameM 'gItA' (2/47) meM kRSNa ke dvArA aura dinakara racita 'kurukSetra' meM bhISmapitAmaha dvArA die gae upadezoM meM bhI milatI hai| apane hI bandhu-bAndhavoM ko yuddharata dekha vairAgyakAmanA karane vAle arjuna aura mRtaka bandhu-bAndhavoM ko dekha hatAza yudhiSThira ko puruSArtha kA mahattva batAte hue yahI to kahA gayA thA: __ "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / " AcAryazrI ke zabdoM meM: "kisI kArya ko sampanna karate samaya anukUlatA kI pratIkSA karanA/sahI puruSArtha nahIM hai / " (pR. 13) ina paMktiyoM ne kavi ko haThayoga ke mAdhyama se brahma jJAnamArgI bhakta kavi kabIra, premamArgI kavi jAyasI, sUra, tulasI Adi bhakta kaviyoM kI zreNI meM lA khar3A kiyA hai| baira, dveSa kA tyAga manuSya ko nizcaya hI zreSTha vyakti banA detA hai| . mATI ko nayA rUpa, nayA AkAra dene kA kAma karegA zilpI, jisakI use pratIkSA hai| bhakta ko bhagavAn taba taka nahIM milate jaba taka pUrNa samarpaNa kA bhAva bhakta meM nahIM hotA / jaba draupadI ne donoM hAtha uThA apane 'sva' ko kaNTha se prabha ko pakArA to prabha dauDe aae| mATI ko nae jIvana kA Arambha karanA hai. lakSya prApti karanI hai| pratIkSA ke lambe kSaNoM kI AturatA meM prakRti kA kaNa-kaNa, osa kaNa, nirjhara kA kala-kala ninAda, andhakAra Adi use Aja eka nae ullAsa kA bhAna karAte hue apanI ora khIMca rahe haiM, aura tabhI prabhAta kI prathama kiraNa jAga uThI, mATI kI dRSTi apane zilpI para pdd'ii| Aja mATI apanA 'sva' usI zilpI ke hAthoM sauMpane ko utsuka hai / zilpI kudAlI se mATI ke mAthe para AghAta kara rahA hai kintu mATI samarpaNa kI AzA meM prasanna hai, kyoMki vaha aba samajha gaI hai : "bAharI kriyA se/bhItarI jiyA se/sahI-sahI sAkSAtkAra kiyA nahIM jA sktaa|/aur/glt nirNaya de jiyA nahIM jA sktaa|" (pR. 30) samarpita
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________________ 416 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA borI meM bharI huI mATI kI tulanA navavadhU kI lajIlI citavana se kara eka naI dRSTi dI hai / gadahe kI pITha para ladI mATI kI borI kI ragar3a se Ahata pITha kI kalpanA mAtra se siharatI huI mATI svayaM ko doSI mAna baiThatI hai aura dravita ho usakI pIr3A se sahabhAgI banane kI bhAvanA bhAtI hai, jo bhAratIya saMskRti kI sauhArdra aura karuNA kI ajasra dhArA se jur3I huI hai| jaina dharma ahiMsA aura prema tathA vizva bandhutva kI jisa mahAn dhArA se Aja ke manuSya ko jor3atA hai, vahI mAnava dharma hai / dayA aura karuNA donoM hI viparIta manovikAra haiM / AcArya zukla ne karuNa ko paricita-aparicitoM kI sImA ke pare ni:svArtha bhAva se para- du:khakAtara ho kara, du:kha dUra karane kI pravRtti kahA hai, jabaki dayA ke sAtha hI svArtha bhAva jur3a jAtA hai / vAsanA aura dayA meM kavi ne bheda kiyA hai : " vAsanA kA vilAsa / moha hai, / dayA kA vikAsa / mokSa hai / " (pR. 38) isI karuNA bhAva se AplAvita hai 'gadahA, jisakI bauddhika soca ko kavi ne atyanta sUkSmatA se citrita kiyA hai :. "merA nAma sArthaka ho prabho ! / yAnI / 'garda' kA artha hai roga 'hA' kA artha hai hAraka / maiM sabake rogoM kA hantA banU~ / ... basa, aura kucha vAMchA nahIM / gada- hA gadahA``.!" (pR. 40) mATI kA mAnasika tAdAtmya gadahA ke anta:karaNa se ho jAtA hai, taba " parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" kI sUkti caritArtha hotI hai / upAzrama kI kavi kalpanA adbhuta hai : "jIvana kA 'nirvAha' nahIM / 'nirmANa' hotA hai / " (pR. 43 ) mATI ko cAlanI se cAlane kI kriyA adhyAtma kA vaha sopAna hai, jahA~ bhakta apane samasta ahaMkAra kA tyAga kara sadguNI, mRdubhASI, mitabhASI ho jAtA hai| jo dUsaroM ke duHkha se duHkhI na ho, aisA vyakti hRdayazUnya kahalAtA hai| aisA vyakti mAnava dharma kI mahattA nahIM samajha sktaa| gA~dhIjI ne kahA thA : "pApI se nahIM, pApa se ghRNA karo" / kavi nara se nArAyaNa banane kI kalpanA karate hue kahatA hai : "saMyama kI rAha calo / rAhI bananA hI to / hIrA bananA hai / svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma - rUpa kaha rahA hai - / rAhI "hii"raa|" (pR. 56-57) saMyama, ahiMsA, bhAratIya dharma sAdhanA kI aisI dena hai, jise kavi bhI nakAra nahIM sakA hai| bhautika sukhasuvidhAe~ vyakti ko asaMyamita banA detI haiM, isake bAre meM AcAryazrI ne apane vicAra isa rUpa meM prastuta kie haiM : "saMyama ke binA AdamI nahIM / yAnI / AdamI vahI hai / jo yathA-yogya sahI AdamI hai / hamArI upAsya devatA / ahiMsA hai / aura jahA~ gA~Tha-granthi hai / vahA~ nizcita hI / hiMsA chalatI hai / artha yaha huA ki / granthi hiMsA kI sampAdikA hai|" (pR. 64) bauddha dharma kI karuNA tathA jaina dharma kI ahiMsA hI unakI sabase bar3I upalabdhi hai, jise 'dhammo dayA- - visuddho' tathA 'dhammaM saraNaM gacchAmi' ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai / daihika sukha isa nazvara deha ko kucha dera ke lie AkarSita avazya karatA hai, kintu sabhI yaha jAnate haiM ki yaha saMsAra hI mithyA hai, nazvara hai, phira apanA bahumUlya jIvana kyoM vyartha kiyA jAe ? kabIra ne isa dhAraNA ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai :
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________________ "pAnI kerA budabudA, asa mAnusa kI jAti / dekhata hI chipa jA~hiMge, jyU~ tArA parabhAti // 27 mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 417 sUra aura tulasI ne bhI jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko dRSTi meM rakha, vyakti ko isa jIvana meM mAnava dharma kA nirvAha karane kI bAta kahI hai / chAyAvAdI kavayitrI mahAdevI bhI isa kSaNabhaMguratA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara kahatI haiM : " vistRta nabha kA koI konA, / merA na kabhI apanA honA, paricaya itanA itihAsa yahI / umar3I kala thI miTa Aja calI !" prema kI jo ajasra dhArA sUphI premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM se pravAhita hotI hai, jisameM "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" kI bhAvanA dRSTigocara hotI hai, use Aja bhI jIvana kI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha prema kA vaha ucca svarUpa hai, jisake kAraNa Aja mAnava 'mAnava' kahalAne yogya hai / sandarbha badalate haiM, kintu artha vahI rahatA hai| kavi ne ise eka navIna abhivyakti dI hai : 66 "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" / isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai vasu yAnI dhana- dravya / dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA / Aja dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai / dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82) aura Aja jo bhAI ke rakta kA pyAsA bhAI ho rahA hai, pitA-putra, sage-sambandhI, bandhu bAndhava bhI paraspara IrSyA, pratispardhA aura pratizodha kI agni meM dagdha ho rahe haiM, ApAda - mastaka asat, beImAnI, kAlA bAjArI, bhraSTAcAra meM avagAhana kara rahe haiM to kyA Aja bhI ina badale hue sandarbhoM meM yaha ukti caritArtha ho sakatI hai ? AcAryazrI isI kI AvazyakatA ko abhivyakti dene ke lie mATI aura machalI ke saMvAda dvArA dayA, dharma, prema, ahiMsA jaise mAnava dharma kI ora sAmAnya jana ko khIMcakara lAnA cAhate haiM / mATI meM nirmala jala milA, use AkAra denA bhI eka adhyAtma kI prakriyA hai| jaba taka nirmala jala rUpI brahma kA nirmala jJAna vyakti ko nahIM milatA, taba taka vaha na to svayaM ko pahacAnatA hai aura na brahma ko / nirmala jJAna kI pratIti zilpI guru dvArA hotI hai, jo apanI sthiti se santuSTa rahatA hai / isa gurujJAnI kI saMgati mAtra se hI hRdaya kA samasta kAluSya kA parikSAlana ho jAtA hai aura jIva ko eka nae parivartana kA AbhAsa hotA hai : "jJAnI ke padoM meM jA / ajJAnI ne jahA~ / nava-jJAna pAyA hai| asthira ko sthiratA milI / acira ko ciratA milI nava-nUtana parivartana..!" (pR. 89) aura yahI parivartana use prema aura zreya ke mArga meM praviSTa karA use hI mAnava kA svabhAva banA detA hai / puruSa aura prakRti kA milana hI isa sRSTi kA sAra hai| puruSa kA nivAsa brahmANDa meM hai / zaktirUpiNI prakRti jaba SaTcakroM se Urdhvagati ko prApta kara puruSa se jA milatI hai to mAnava sAdhanA ke jisa sarvocca zikhara para jA pahu~catA hai, taba vahA~ sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanAe~, indriya sukha, moha, lobha, krodha aura mada Adi saba apanA artha kho cukate haiM, kintu sabhI to usa ucca sthiti taka nahIM pahu~ca paate| jo ajJAnI haiM, ve apanI sthiti ko vismRta kara pratizodha, IrSyA kI agni meM jalate haiN| vartamAna samAja meM kA~Te kA uddharaNa de kavi ne jo citra aMkita kiyA hai, use citrita karane kA artha hI yaha hai ki kavi vyakti ko samajhA sake ki usake jIvana kA uddezya yaha nahIM hai :
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________________ 418 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA "badale kA bhAva vaha rAhu hai/jisake/sudIrgha vikarAla gAla meM choTA-sA kavala bana/cetanarUpa bhAsvata bhAnu bhI apane astitva ko kho detA hai|" (pR. 98) isalie vyakti ko pratizodha bhAva se bacanA caahie| bhAratIya saMskRti meM varNita Aryetara saMskRti meM gandharvo ke devatA ke rUpa meM kAmadeva kI sthApanA hai, jo manasija hai| jaina dharma evaM bauddha dharma meM 'mAra vijaya' ke aneka prasaMga varNita haiN| paurANika gAthAoM meM bhI 'madana saMhAra' kA aneka sthaloM para citraNa milatA hai| ziva ke prabhAva se anaMga bana jAne vAle kAmadeva kI tulanA kavi ne ziva se kI hai : "kAmadeva kA Ayudha phUla hotA hai/aura/mahAdeva kA Ayudha zUla / eka meM parAga hai/saghana rAga hai/jisa kA phala saMsAra hai eka meM virAga hai/anagha tyAga hai/jisakA phala bhava-pAra hai|" (pR. 101) pazcimI sabhyatA kI ora lolupa dRSTi se dekhane vAle, aura usakA andha anusaraNa karane vAle vyaktiyoM ke lie kavi ne jo dRSTikoNa rakhe haiM, unheM nakArA nahIM jA sakatA / eka ora hai bhautika jagat kA, daihika sukha kA, dhana ke darpa kA kSaNika Ananda to dUsarI ora hai mana kI zAnti tathA sukha; eka ora hai mAnavIyatA kI vinAza lIlA kI vibhISikA kA tANDava nartana to dUsarI ora hai mAnava mUlyoM ke prati AsthA evaM vizvAsa; eka ora hai vaibhava evaM ADambara kA kuNThita jIvana to dUsarI ora hai sarvasva tyAga kara dizAoM ko hI ambara mAna kara loka kalyANa ke patha para agrasita hone vAlA jIvana / kavi kA yaha tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya sabhyatAoM kA eka itanA mahattvapUrNa antara spaSTa karatA hai, jisake dvArA hama apanI saMskRti aura sabhyatA ke gaurava ko gahanatA se svIkAra karane ko udyata hoN| kavi ne loka kalyANa ko pramakhatA dI hai| bauddha dharma ke janaka svayaM bada ne kahA thA : "caratha bhikkhave bahajanahitAya prijn-sukhaay"| yaha parijana sukha hI mAnava dharma hai aura yahI vAstavika mAnasika sukha-zAnti kA praveza dvAra hai| vyakti ihaloka ke sukha kI tulanA meM pAralaukika sukha kI cintA nahIM karatA, kintu AcAryapravara kA kahanA hai ki sAmAnyataH pAralaukika sukha hI abhISTa honA cAhie aura yaha aihalaukika karmoM dvArA prApta hotA hai arthAt karma ke mahattva para kavi kI dRSTi hai / jo karma 'svAntaHsukhAya' na ho, 'bahujana-sukhAya' ho vahI karma zreSTha hote haiM aura aise hI karmayogI pAralaukika sukha bhoga kara pAte haiM, mokSa ke adhikArI hote haiM / bhaktikAlIna sabhI bhakta kaviyoM ne isa AvAgamana ke cakra se bacane kA eka mAtra upAya aihalaukika sukha kA tyAga batAyA hai / kavi ne isI ko abhivyakti dI "he kAyA ! jala-jala kara agni se,/kaI bAra rAkha, khAka ho kara bhI abhI bhI jalAtI rahatI hai Atama ko/bAra-bAra janama le-le kara !" (pR. 112) zilpI mATI ko pairoM tale rauMdatA hai / caraNa zrama ke pratIka hote haiN| hAtha to mA~gate haiM, ata: kAyara hote haiN| kisI ke samakSa hAtha phailAnA hIna honA hai, svAbhimAna kA tyAga karanA hai, jo mRtyu tulya hotA hai| isI prakAra vAcA para vaza rakhane se duHkhoM kA anta tathA sukha kI sambhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai aura cetanA ke nae AyAma sAmane A jAte haiM : "tana zAsita hI ho/kisI kA bhI vaha zAsaka-niyantA na ho|" (pR. 125) kavi ne kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kI bhI sundara vyAkhyA kI haiM :
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 419 " 'saM' yAnI samIcIna/'sAra' yAnI sarakanA.. jo samyak sarakatA hai/vaha 'saMsAra' kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 161) sAhitya zabda ko nae arthabodha ke mAdhyama se abhivyakti dI hai : "hita se jo yukta-samanvita hotA hai/vaha sahita mAnA hai aura/sahita kA bhAva hI/sAhitya bAnA hai|" (pR. 111) isa 'sAhitya' meM nava rasoM kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai, jo sIdhe vyakti ke hRdaya pakSa ko spandita karate haiN| 'karuNA kA rudana' kavi hRdaya kI bhAvukatA ko to spaSTa karatA hI hai kintu sAtha hI usakI vistRta mImAMsA bhI kavi karatA hai : "karuNA kI do sthitiyAM hotI haiM-/eka viSaya lolupinI dUsarI viSaya-lopinI, dishaa-bodhinii|" (pR. 155) ___ jala aura barpha ke udAharaNa se kavi ne jo rasa paripAka spaSTa kiyA hai, vaha atyanta durlabha hai : "karuNA tarala hai, bahatI hai/para se prabhAvita hotI jhtt-sii| zAnta-rasa kisI bahAva meM/bahatA nahIM kabhI/jamAnA palaTane para bhI jamA rahatA hai apane sthAna para / " (pR. 156-157) kalA hI jIvana kA satya hai aura sukha kI rAzi hai / kavi kahatA hai : "svara saMgIta kA prANa hai/saMgIta sukha kI rIr3ha hai aura/sukha pAnA hI saba kA dhyeya / " (pR. 143) zilpI ke dvArA kumbha para kutte aura siMha kI nakkAzI bhI pratIka rUpa meM hai| kuttA kutte ko dekha kara gurrAtA hai, kintu siMha siMha ko dekha kara sAtha rahane kI kAmanA karatA hai| hamArI saMskRti siMha kI saMskRti hai| kutte ko yadi patthara mAro to vaha patthara ko kATatA hai, kintu siMha ko patthara mAro to vaha kAraNa talAzatA hai / kavi ne pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke premIjanoM ko zvAna saMskRti kA upAsaka mAna, hIna dRSTi se dekhA hai| Aja jo parivAra vighaTita ho rahe haiM, strI-puruSa ke aTUTa sambandhoM meM darAra A rahI hai, usakA ekamAtra kAraNa kavi kI dRSTi meM vyakti kA zvAna-saMskRti para anurakta honA hI hai| isa sundara sRSTi meM sUrya, candra, nakSatra, sAgara, jala, vAyu Adi kA apanA alaga mahattva hai / bA~sa ke sAtha muktA nirmANa kI sundara kalpanA hai / bA~sa kI baMsI aura kaNTha meM muktAmAla ne kavi ko navIna dRSTi dI hai| sAtha hI 'nArI' zabda ko naI abhivyakti dI hai: "kupatha-supatha kI parakha karane meM/pratiSThA pAI hai strI-samAja ne / inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/muphta milatI rahatI inase / yahI kAraNa hai ki inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI'/yAnI-/'na ari' nArI athavA/ye ArI nahIM haiM/so''nArI'..!" (pR.202) isI prakAra mahilA, abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA, mAtR Adi sabhI nArI paryAyoM kI sundara vyAkhyA kI
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________________ 420 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA hai| zilpI ke gRha meM muktA varSA bhI eka pratIka hai| 'muktA' zabda kA adhyAtma ke kSetra meM artha samasta vAsanAoM se mukta hone kI sthiti mAnI jAtI hai / kabIra ne isakA sundara citraNa kiyA hai : "mAnasarovara subhara jala, haMsA keli kraahiN| mukatAhala mukatA cugai, aba ur3i anata na jAhiM // " jAyasI ne bhI isa muktAvasthA kA citraNa kiyA hai : "rabi sasi nakhata dipahiM ohi jotii| ratana padAratha mAnika motii||" ye ve motI haiM, jo cAhe vaha ise prApta kara sakatA hai, kintu ise prApta karane meM sAdhanA rUpI zrama abhISTa hai| binA sAdhanA ke hAtha kucha bhI nahIM lgtaa| kevala sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanAoM kI pIr3A hI jhelanI par3atI hai| sAdhanA patha kI kaThinAI kA citraNa kabIra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai : "yaha to gharu hai prema kA, khAlA kA gharu nAhiM / sIsa utArai mu~ha dharai, so paiThe iha mAhi // " jAyasI ne bhI jogI veSadhArI ratnasena ke samakSa sAdhanA mArga kI aneka kaThinAiyoM kA citraNa kaThina samudroM aura gahana vanoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai / chAyAvAdI kaviyoM ne bhI Izvara prApti ke mArga ko kaThinAI-bharA mAnA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki Iza prApti patha para bar3hane ke lie Avazyaka muktAvasthA sAdhaka ko atyanta kaThina prayAsa ke pazcAt hI kucha pala ke lie milatI hai, taba isa daura se guz2arane ke bAda kahIM bhaktirUpI muktA prApta hotI hai / jo vyakti sahaja hI, binA prayAsa isa muktA ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai, jAyasI ke anusAra usake hAtha meM 'ghoMghA' hI lagatA hai| zilpI ke mana meM Ae hue tIna manovikAroM ke varNana ke mAdhyama se eka ora to kavi 'pRthvIrAja rAso' kAvya ke racanAkAra canda baradAI kI zreNI meM A khar3e hote haiM, jinhoMne zazivratA vivAha prasaMga meM do rasoM kA paripAka atyanta sundaratA se kiyA hai ki pRthvIrAja ghor3e kI pITha para zazivratA kA haraNa karake baiThA hai - donoM hAthoM se yuddharata ho talavAra calA rahA hai, A~khoM meM zazivratA ke lie athAha prema hai / vIra aura zrRMgAra kA yaha adbhuta samanvaya rAso kAvya meM aneka sthaloM meM milatA hai / jayazaMkara prasAda ne bhI ghRNA aura zrRMgAra kA adbhuta samanvaya apanI puraskAra', 'AkAzadIpa' Adi kahAniyoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| dUsarI ora kavi ne rAjA ke mana meM udita bhAvoM ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke anukUla satya aura dharma kI jaya kI pratIti prastuta kI hai| yaha kavi karma kA kauzala hai jo 'mUkamATI' ke kathya zilpa ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA bhAratIya dharmagranthoM meM mahattvAkAMkSA ko tathA saMcaya' kI pravRtti ko hIna mAnA gayA hai / dekhie : "sA~I itanA dIjie, jAmeM kuTuma samAya / maiM bhI bhUkhA nA rahU~, sAdhu na bhUkhA jAya // " Aja jaina dharma bar3e-bar3e dhanapatiyoM ke hAthoM meM sImita ho rahA hai / kavi ne ise 'seTha ke dAna' ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM kavi ne sAgara aura rAhu ke prasaMga kA citraNa kara kAlAbAz2ArI, bhraSTAcAra, rizvata Adi sama-sAmayika samasyAoM para prakAza DAlA hai / AcAryazrI apane Asa-pAsa (samAja) kI anaitikatAoM se anabhijJa nahIM haiN| ve vacana para nahIM, pravacana para vizvAsa karate haiN| ve pApapUrNa karma ko hI aparAdhI banAne kI prakriyA mAnate haiM,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 421 krodha pApa kA mUla hai, vaha viveka kA nAza kara durbuddhi ko janma detA hai : "varAha-rAha kA rAhI rAhu/hitAhita-viveka-vaMcita / " (pR. 238) Aja hamArI sarvAdhika AvazyakatA Atmazakti saMcaya kI hai / jaba davA, dayA, duA saba parAsta ho jAe~, taba Atmazakti kA hI AdhAra le vyakti jaya prApta karatA hai / indra kA vraja prahAra, bhISaNa varSA, pralaya kA dRzya, upalavRSTi Adi ke pazcAt sUryodaya kA pratIka le kavi ne aneka kaSToM ke pazcAt prApta Iza sAnnidhya ke sukhada paloM kI, ajJAna kI ghaTAoM ko vidArNa kara udita hote jJAna ke prakAza kI kalpanA kI hai| ina sabake bAda bhI kumbha kA nikharanA bhI hameM eka navIna dRSTi detA hai ki aneka vipadAoM ke pazcAt saMgharSa karate hue jaba vyakti mukta hotA hai, parIkSA meM saphala hotA hai taba usake hAtha jo eka nayA svayambhU vyaktitva AtA hai, vaha advitIya hotA hai / vyakti kI yahI jijIviSA use saMgharSarata kara jInA sikhAtI hai| . ___ lakar3I kI vyathA ko bhI kavi ne eka nayA artha diyA hai| jaba taka koI eka apane ko samApta nahIM karegA, dUsarA sthApita kaisA hogA? lakar3I jalegI nahIM to kumbha pakegA kaise ? lakar3I kA sambandha agni ke dAha se hai, jisake binA vyakti ko astitva bodha ho nahIM sktaa| svayaM sItA mA~ ko bhI agni parIkSA se guz2aranA par3A phira yaha to sAmAnya vyakti rUpI kumbha hai, jise isa kaThina parIkSA se nikalakara apane vyaktitva kA paricaya karAnA hai| ___ binA udyama ke koI bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotA / kumbha ko Upara uThAne vAle hAtha mahAn haiM aura isake lie udyama karanA hogA / kahA bhI hai : "udyamena hi siddhayanti kAryANi na mnorthaiH| na hi suptasya siMhasya pravizanti mukhe mRgaaH||" kavi ne dhyAna kI mahattA para bhI vicAra rakhe haiM : "dhyAna kI bAta karanA/aura/dhyAna se bAta karanA ina donoM meM bahuta antara hai|" (pR. 286) 'mUkamATI' ke antima sopAna meM kavi aneka aise varNana karatA hai jo use atyanta uccAdarzI vyaktitva pradAna karatA hai / adhyAtma kA zAbdika artha brahmavicAra yA AtmajJAna se hotA hai / kavi ne ise isa prakAra varNita kiyA hai : "adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI/bhAsvata hotA hai| svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai|" (pR. 288) isI prakAra zramaNa kI sundara vyAkhyA kavi ne kI hai| vAstava meM 'zramaNa' zabda bauddha bhikSu yA jaina sAdhuoM ke lie rUr3ha ho gayA hai, kintu isakA zAbdika artha 'zrama karake saMcaraNa karane vAlA' hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM dekhie - jo bhikSA vRtti para jIvita rahe, vaha zramaNa hai / aba bhikSA vRtti jisakI hogI, usake lie jihvA kA svAda kA prazna nahIM raha jAegA, kyoMki jaTharAgni kI zAnti hetu hI vaha bhojana karegA, ise kavi ne sAdhu kI 'gocarI vRtti' kahA hai| 'bhrAmarI vRtti kI vyAkhyA karate hue kavi ne bhramara se sAdhu kI tulanA kI hai jo vyakti saMsAra se jJAna le aura pavitra bhAva se saMsAra ko sauMpa detA hai, vaha zramaNa hotA hai| 'pAtra' zabda kA bhI do arthoM meM kavi ne prayoga kiyA hai : "pAtra se pAnI pIne vAlA/uttama pAtra ho nahIM sakatA pANi-pAtra hI paramottama mAnA hai|" (pR. 335)
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________________ 422 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA isI prakAra 'atithi' zabda ke lie unhoMne usakI mahattA batAte hue kahA hai : "atithi ke binA kabhI/tithiyoM meM pUjyatA A nahIM sakatI atithi tithiyoM kA sampAdaka hai nA !" (pR. 335) sajjanoM ke sAtha mitratA karanA zreyaskara hai| kavi ne durjana kI saMgata aura sajjanoM kI saMgata se par3ane vAle prabhAva kA citraNa kiyA hai / yaha citraNa 'nIti zatakam' meM bhI isa rUpa meM hameM prApta hotA hai : "ArambhagurvI kSayiNI krameNa, ladhvI purA vRddhimupaitI ca pazcAt / dinasya pUrvArddhaparArddhabhinnA, chAyeva maitrI khalasajjanAnAm // " 50 // santa kI pahacAna ke sambandha meM kavi ne sundara varNana kiyA hai : "sadA-sarvathA caraNoM lakhate/vinIta-dRSTi ho calate haiN|" (pR. 360) 'za-Sa-sa' vargoM ko nae artha meM kavi ne pratipAdita kiyA hai : " 'za' yAnI/kaSAya kA zamana karane vAlA,/zaMkara kA dyotaka, zaMkAtIta, zAzvata zAnti kI zAlA"!/'sa' yAnI/samagra kA sAthI jisameM samaSTi samAtI,/saMsAra kA viloma-rUpa/sahaja sukha kA sAdhana samatA kA ajamra srota"!/aura/'Sa' kI lIlA nirAlI hai| 'pa' ke peTa ko phAr3ane para/'Sa' kA darzana hotA hai'pa' yAnI/pApa aura puNya / " (pR. 398) kAvya ke anta meM kavi ne "sarve sukhina: bhavantu" ke AdhAra para kucha tathya hameM sauMpe haiM : "saMhAra kI bAta mata karo,/saMgharSa karate jAo! hAra kI bAta mata karo,/utkarSa karate jAo !" (pR. 432) isI se mokSa kI prApti sambhava hai| kavi ne mahAkAvya ke anta meM kAmanA kI hai : "yahA~"saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya chA jAve sukha-chA~va,/sabake saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva / " (pR. 478) yahI 'mUkamATI' kA kathya hai, jise kavi ne pratIka kathA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| aneka prAsaMgika kathAoM kA AdhAra lekara adhyAtma kI jisa uccabhUmi meM pahu~ca kara vyakti, apanatva ko vismRta kara 'parama' meM lIna ho jAtA hai, vartamAna meM zvAsa-prazvAsa letA kavi, bhakti kI divyabhUmi meM padArpaNa kara 'santa' ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAtA 'mUkamATI' na kevala kAvya grantha hai varan yaha AdhyAtmikatA kI paramapUjya bhAvanAoM se yukta zreSTha mahAkAvya hai / isameM rAso kAla kA rasa saMgama hai to kabIra kA jJAna yoga bhI; jAyasI kA puruSa-prakRti prema hai to sUra kA vAtsalya varNana bhI; tulasI kA darzana hai to chAyAvAdI kaviyoM kA bhAva saundarya bhI; rItikAla kA alaMkAra camatkAra hai to samasAmayika kAvya kI bebAka spaSTokti bhii| samagrata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' eka zreSTha adhyAtma rasa pUrNa mahAkAvya hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' meM mAnavIya bodha DaoN. brajeza kumAra dvivedI kavitA jIvana kA bhAvapUrNa cintana hotI hai| kavi kI saMvedanazIlatA apanI cetanA aura cunautiyoM kA saMvahana karatI huI mAnava jAti ke rAgAtmaka arthoM kI prabhAvI pratIti ko prakaTa karatI hai| kavitA sAdhAraNa-jana kI asAdhAraNa kSamatA aura saMkalpa tathA sAmarthya kI sahaja evaM mArmika abhivyakti hai| kavi ko RSi kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / vaha zarIra aura mana se bhI bahuta pare, bahuta gahare saMvedanoM aura sarokAroM se jur3A hotA hai / isIlie jo zabda sahaja hote haiM, sarala hote haiM, ve kavitA meM bahuta gahare artha pakar3e hue sAre samAja ko jhaMkRta karate haiN| kavi zabdoM kI zubhra snigdhatA se samUcI jar3atA meM caitanya kA prasAra kara dete haiN| sAdhusanta, RSi aura muni bhI jIvana aura jagat ke rahasya ko sulajhAne hetu jJAna ke vividha anuSaMgoM ko pAne kI kAmanA karate haiN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne apanI kRti 'kundakunda kA kundana' ('samayasAra' kA kAvyAnuvAda) meM guru se kAmanA kI hai: "do jJAnasAgara guro ! mujha ko suvidyaa| vidyAdi-sAgara banU~, taja dUM avidyA // " AcAryazrI kA samagra racanA-saMsAra jJAna aura virAga kI sRjanAtmaka kazamakaza evaM antaHprajJA se pradIpta bhavyAcaraNa, prema kI ananta parivyApti aura rASTrIya saMskRti ke tAne-bAne se bunA hai| 'mUkamATI' racanAtmaka artha meM prema-karuNA Adi kI ajasra taralatA se snigdha, sAdhanA kI prakharatA se maNDita, saMskRti kI sA~soM se citrAMkita, maMgala ghaTa kI spRhaNIya, par3Ava-dara-par3Ava antaryAtrA hai / AdhyAtmika pipAsA kI tRpti kA maMgala vidhAna hai| AdhyAtmikatA ke hajAroM praznoM ke uttara khojane kI sAttvika evaM sAhityika yAtrA hai| mATI kI virATatA aura Antarika bhAvabodha Atma-kathAtmaka zailI meM apane astitva va kRtitva meM garimAmaya agnitattva ko DhU~r3hate haiN| yahA~ prema kI unmukta cetanA aura usakI mahInatA ke bhItara chipI cinagAriyoM ko saMyojita kara yuga-bodha aura sAdhanA kI bhUmi para jIvana kI saccAI ko kavi ne samajhA aura parakhA hai| antardRSTi kI kasauTI para kasakara, sAdhaka kI prakhara bauddhikatA ko udAtta mAnavIya sarokAroM se sambaddha kara unakI AtmaniSThatA ko kAvya meM rUpAyita kiyA hai| kavi apane vyaktitva kA saMsparza dekara sAdhaka meM z2yAdA se z2yAdA apane bhItara kI talAza kI zakti pradAna karatA hai| sampUrNatA ke saMkalpa se puSTa sAdhaka Atma-saMgharSa ko prabhAvamaya banAtA hai| usakI anubhUti kA vistAra aura cetanA kA pravAha cAroM dizAoM ko chU pAtA hai / kavitA kI arthavattA jagadbodha aura Atmabodha kI sUkSma vyAkhyA se jur3akara vikasita hotI hai| yahA~ mATI kI bAharI duniyA vividhatA se paripUrNa hai / sundara aura kaluSa, komala aura kaThora tattvoM se yukta mATI prakRti ke pariveza kA kalAtmaka vidhAna bana kara vaha kumhAra ke vaiziSTya ke rUpa meM kavi ke bhAvabodha aura vicArabodha ko prakaTa karatI hai| mUkamATI gA~va-samAja ke sukha-duHkha, AzA-AkAMkSA aura jIvana darzana Adi ke samUce saundarya meM evaM prema kI komalatama anubhUtiyoM meM prasAra pAtI hai| aura yaha mATI hI zilpI kI mAnavIya pratibaddhatA tathA prema kI paripakvatA, Atma-pariSkAra ke sUtroM se jur3akara dharma ke khA~ce meM baiThakara bhAvazakti kA vyApaka AdhAra banatI hai / mATI kI yaha
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________________ 424 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vastuvattA hI zrama, sAdhanA, prema tathA karuNA ke gahare saMskAra se Dhala kara maMgala ghaTa kI saMjJA pAtI hai| zilpI ghaTa ko apanI nijatA, zrama-sAdhanA evaM sAMskRtika cetanA se sampanna kara bhrAMtiyoM se mukta karatA hai / ghaTa sarvamaya-bhAva se apane prayojana kA vistAra dUsaroM meM bhI pAtA hai / yahA~ ghaTa sAdhaka kI tapazcaryA kA mUrtarUpa hai / sAdhaka ke AcAravicAra aura kSamatA ko zilpI apane virAT cintana se abhinava jJAna pradAna karatA hai / ghaTa meM sattva saMzuddhi aura abhayabhAva kI pratiSThA kara use dRr3ha se dRr3hatara banAtA hai / ghaTa vidhi rUpa jIvana prApta kara sarvathA nita nava- jJAna kA saMvAhaka jAtA hai| AcAryazrI kA kathana hai : "lo, aba zilpI / kuMkuma - sama mRdu mATI meM / mAtrAnukUla milAtA hai chanA nirmala-jala // nUtana prANa phU~ka rahA hai / mATI ke jIvana meM karuNAmaya kaNa-kaNa meM, /... mATI ke prANoM meM jA, pAnI ne vahA~ / nava-prANa pAyA hai, / jJAnI ke padoM meM jA ajJAnI ne jahA~/nava-jJAna pAyA hai|" (pR. 89) jainAcArya devanandI pUjyapAda svAmI ne 'bhakti' kI vyAkhyA karate hue 'sarvArthasiddhi' (6/24/656) grantha meM likhA hai :'"arhadAcAryeSu bahuzruteSu pravacane ca bhAvavizuddhiyukto'nurAgo bhaktiH / " arthAt arhat, AcArya, bahuzruta evaM Agama ke prati bhAvavizuddhi pUrNa anurAga 'bhakti' hai / yahA~ bhakti kA artha vihvalatA evaM AstikatA nahIM apitu jJAna kI sampannatA, AcAra kI zAlInatA aura jIvana meM zucitA hai| mana kI yaha zuddhatA ArAdhanA kA saMkalpa hai, bhakti kA saghana AyAma hai| 'mUkamATI' meM antassAdhanA kI Teka se mukharita prema kaI prakAra prakaTa huA hai| AtmaniSThA kI modamayI saMvedanA tAtkAlika sandarbhoM kA sparza karatI huI jAnI-pahacAnI duniyA ko citrita karatI hai| AcAryazrI kA saundaryabodha AsthA ke nirantara punarAviSkAra evaM prakharatara sAdhanA ke saMkalpa kA AhvAna karatA hai / ve jIvana ke nihita khataroM se sAvadhAna karate hue Atmabodha evaM isa bhAva ke kArya-kAraNa sambandha kI khoja karate dikhAI par3ate haiM / prema aura nirvANa ke patha para Age kadama bar3hAne ke lie kRtasaMkalpa sAdhakoM meM bar3I gambhIratA se jIvana ke sUkSma vizleSaNa kI cetanA jagAte haiM / sAdhaka ke dvaita ko samApta kara use bhagavattA kI anubhUti karAte haiM / yahI bhagavattA kI nizivAsara anubhUti hI zilpI kI AdhyAtmika avadhAraNA hai| yahI zilpI ke jJAna kA zikhara aura prema kA saccA svarUpa hai, jisakI kRti, zrama aura pasIne ke saundarya se 'maMgala ghaTa' AkAra pAtA hai, paripakva hotA hai / manuSya kI nazvaratA ke atikramaNa, AtmajJAna evaM vItarAga bhAva se puSTa jaina dharma ke mUla tattvoM kA vaicArika nirUpaNa 'mUkamATI' ke prItikara sandarbha haiM / kalpanAprasUta prasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se mAnavIya saMvedanA kI nihita saccAI aura Ardra mATI kI ujjvala chavi kA darzana kavi ne AdhunikatA ke sandarbha meM bhI kiyA hai / vartamAna sandarbhoM ko ukerate, aneka padoM meM patanazIla mUlyoM ke khoTa se jhA~kate avabodha kA varNana kama nahIM hai / Arthika aura rAjanItika zakti, srotoM evaM unakI vibhinna avasthAoM kA varNana evaM sAmAjika sandarbha meM vikAsa kA bhAvapravaNa varNana hai 1 uccavargIya janoM kI asahiSNutA, garIboM kA sauhArda, prema, AtmIyatA aura saMvedanA ke mAnadaNDoM kA varNana 'mUkamATI' meM milatA hai / udAharaNArtha : 66 "kyA sadaya-hRdaya bhI Aja / pralaya kA pyAsA bana gayA ? kyA tana-saMrakSaNa hetu / dharma hI becA jA rahA hai ?
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 425 kyA dhana-saMvarddhana hetu / zarma hI becI jA rahI hai ?" (pR. 201 ) isa nirmama sacAI meM sAmAjika sarokAroM kI tarapha izArA to hai hI, AdhyAtmika aura sAMskRtika mUlyoM ke hrAsa ke tamAma savAloM para bhI cintana hai / saMskRti aura samAja ko lekara yaha cintA sampUrNa mAnava samAja ke kalyANa ke pariprekSya meM Adamiyata kI parakha aura usakI niyati ko sajaga cunautI hai jo saba kucha mUka bhAva se sahana kara rahA hai| taponiSTha santa, samarpita racanAkAra aura udAra dRSTi se sampanna manISI ke samAjakalyANa se abhipreta mAnava ke AcaraNa kA vistAra aura Atmabodha kI sAdhanA hai| zuddhatama bhAva se satya kA maMgala-vidhAna korI bhAvukatA nahIM, RSi kI manISA kA ullAsa aura mAnavIya cetanA kA prazasta mArga hai / miTTI kI AtmakathA ko AdhAra banAkara dharma, samAja evaM saMskRti Adi ke prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA aura loka jIvana ke tAne-bAne meM dArzanikatA se jur3e savAloM para vimarza eka vRhattara racanAtmaka mUlya kA rekhAMkana hai| yahA~ ve savAla haiM jo astitvagata arthoM se vikasita hote hue mAnavIya sambandhoM ko nakArate haiM / yaha prazna abUjha pahelI banakara bAravyakti aura samAja ke do dhruvoM para khar3e vyakti kI jijIviSA kA abhiSeka A~suoM se karatA hai / 'mUkamATI' kI zabda sAdhanA meM kavi mAyA ke kuhAse aura bAdaloM kI ghaTATopa meM chipI usa jIvana kI saccAI DhU~r3hatA hai jo kar3avI hai para zAzvata evaM antarvirodhoM se alahadA hai| yaha savAla hI kavi aura pAThaka kI jAgarUkatA ko Azvasti detA hai / svapnila kAmanA se mukta satya kI sAdhanA aura usakI sambhAvanAzIla U~cAI prApta karane kI lalaka paidA karatA / vyakti va samAja ke vyAvahArika jIvana para kendrita mUlyoM ko bhI AdhyAtmika utkarSa pradAna kara kavi unakI mahattA anantagunA bar3hA detA hai / 1 ullekhanIya hai ki AcAryazrI ne mAnava jIvana kA z2ikra bahuta sahaja tarIke se karate hue unake antarvirodha kA nirUpaNa eka jAgarUka samAjazAstrI ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| aisA karate hue vyakti va samAja ke andara ke z2akhma ko bhI kuredane kI bharapUra koziza 'mUkamATI' meM hai / udAharaNArtha : " sahadharmI sajAti meM hI / vaira vaimanaska bhAva / paraspara dekhe jAte haiM ! zvAna zvAna ko dekha kara hI / nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA tA hai burI taraha / " (pR. 71) bhAratIya samAja saMskRti kI ujjvala dhArA se nirmala hotA hai / usakI chavi ko saMvedanA kI sacAI nirantara parakhatI hai| deza-kAla kI bAdhAoM kA atikramaNa kara RSi-muniyoM kI prakhara manISA vyakti aura samAja ko Arogya aura bodha kI zakti se prANavAn banAtI hai| aisA karate hue jIvana aura jagat kI vyApaka tasvIra unake sAmane hotI hai / karuNA - kAmanA se pradIpta AcAryazrI kA kaMthana draSTavya hai : : 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam'/ isa vyaktitva kA darzana - / svAda - mahasUsa ina A~khoM ko / sulabha nahIM rahA aba ..!... ... hA~-hA~ ! / itanA avazya parivartana huA hai / ki / "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai / vasu yAnI dhana- dravya 66 dhA yAnI dhAraNa karanA / Aja / dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA / " (pR. 82)
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________________ 426 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'mUkamATI' kAvya cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha', dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM, tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' aura caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' zIrSaka meM vibhakta hai| 'mUkamATI' meM bhAratIya samAja, saMskRti aura usake saundarya kA jaina dharma ke sandarbha meM bhI varNana hai| usakA mUla bhAva hai-samagra jIvana praNAlI kA pariSkAra / nizA kA avasAna aura uSA kI zAna / pUre prasaMga ke bhAvAtmaka vivecana meM saiddhAntika niyati aura usake pratyakSIkaraNa kI kAmanA parilakSita hotI hai| isIlie gahare bhAvAntaroM meM vidyamAna janajIvana kI chavi aura usase umar3atA karuNA kA bhAva racanA-yAtrA kA prasthAnabindu hai / ina bhAvoM ke pratyakSIkaraNa hetu kavi jina bimboM kI talAza karatA hai, usameM jIvana aura prakRti ke satya eka sAtha khulate haiN| prakRti kA kamanIya saundarya prema ke niHspRha alaMkaraNa se vibhUSita hokara RSi kI mahimA kA paryAya bana jAtA hai| uSA kI cinmaya lAlI virAT pariprekSya meM mAnavIya kAmanA kI dIpti bana mATI ke artha kI gahanatA ko bar3hAtI prathama khaNDa meM varNita prakRti kA saundarya vibhinna sandarbho meM, bahuAyAmI artha meM, lokajIvana ke sAmUhika avacetana kI samyak evaM vyApaka talAza pratIta hotA hai / sUrya kI prathama aruNima kiraNa kA saMsparza mA~ kI goda meM macalate zizu kI bhA~ti sAre jagat ko mRdula kilakAriyoM se bhara detA hai| rAgAtmaka sambhAvanAoM ke vipula ullAsa meM DUbI kumudanI aura kamalinI ke prema kI parivyApti eka cunautI bana jAtI hai| ThIka nArI jIvana ke svAbhAvika evaM dvandvAtmaka riztoM kI bhA~ti prakRti kA prema bhI paribhASita hotA hai| AcAryazrI ne prakRti ke mAdhyama se nArI hRdaya kI vyAkula vedanA ko pratyakSa kara, svakIyatA ke bhItara chipI dayanIyatA ko aMkita kiyA hai : "abalA bAlAyeM saba/taralA tArAyeM aba/chAyA kI bhA~ti apane patideva/candramA ke pIche-pIche ho/chupI jA rahIM kahIM 'sudUra "diganta meM ""/divAkara unheM dekha na le, isa zaMkA se / " (pR. 2) yahA~ yaha kahanA aprAsaMgika na hogA ki mAnava jIvana kI saMvedanA aura nihita sacAI ko AtmasAt kara AcAryazrI ne mAnavIya praznoM ko apane cintana kA anivArya hissA mAnA hai| isIlie mATI dArzanika viveka ke sAtha nArI ke saMgharSa kI kathA kA bayAna kara samAja meM usakI ujjvala chavi kI kAmanA karatI hai| nArI saMgharSa para AdhArita yaha samAja-cintana AcAryazrI kI mAnavIya cetanA kA pariNAma hai| 'mUkamATI' ke prathama khaNDa meM mAnava jIvana ke mUlyoM aura usakI chuana kI pavitratA evaM amlAnatA kA sarvopari mahattva hai / jaina dharmAcArya ise hI 'samyak-jJAna' kA aMga mAnate haiN| kaliyuga aura sat-yuga kI vyAkhyA meM dArzanika vaiziSTya ke sAtha jIvana kI sthUla saMvedanAoM meM AsthA aura vizvAsa kI anivAryatA ke darzana hote haiN| udAharaNArtha : "eka kA jIvana/mRtaka-sA lagatA hai/kAntimukta zava hai, eka kA jIvana/amRta-sA lagatA hai/kAnti-yukta ziva hai| zava meM Aga lagAnA hogA,/aura/ziva meM rAga jagAnA hogaa| samajhI bAta, beTA!" (pR. 4)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 427 'mUkamATI' meM mATI kI vedanA meM sAMskRtika pakSa, Atma-saMgharSa aura karuNA kA bhAva mAnavIyatA ke prati saccI niSThA kA pariNAma hai| sUrya kI prathama kiraNa kI jyotirmaya AbhA yahA~ AtmasAdhanA ke patha ko prazasta kara tathA satya ke sAkSAtkAra kI saMkalpa zakti ko tIvra se tIvratara rUpa meM sAdhaka banakara zilpI kA karma-pravAha bana jAtI hai / yaha saMkalpa-zakti sAdhaka ko bodha aura samAdhi kI sAdhanA ko rasahIna hone se bacAtI hai| ina mUlyoM se jur3e anuzAsana pratigraha sAdhaka aura zilpI kI svAbhAvika prakRti bana jAte haiM / aura samAdhi ke sAdhaka kI bhA~ti mATI ko maMgala ghaTa kA AkAra pAne ke lie parizodhana kI vibhinna prakriyAoM se guz2aranA par3atA hai| tabhI na galane vAle kaMkaroM se mukta, varNasaMkara se vihIna zuddha sAttvika mATI ko kUTakara zilpI use jJAna kI garimA aura sAdhanA kI zakti ko snigdha kara maMgala ghaTa kI saMracanA kA zAzvata vidhAna karatA hai / khaNDa-do 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM" eka pratIkavAdI vimarza hai / yahA~ pratIka kI avadhAraNA itanI vyApaka hai ki sAMskRtika asmitA, mAnavIya samagratA aura Atmabodha Adi alaga-alaga tathya dhUla, phUla aura zUla ke rUpa meM abhivyakti pAte haiM / satya, ahiMsA, karuNA Adi cintana ke mahattva ko prakaTa karane vAle bimboM meM inhIM kI samasyAoM para punarvicAra kA pratIkIkaraNa hai| sAmAjika sarokAroM, sAMskRtika gaurava aura satya ke maMgala ghaTa meM prANapratiSThA hetu kumhAra mATI meM vidyamAna samagra tattvoM kA parIkSaNa kara use avA~chanIya tattvoM se rikta kara detA hai / isa prakAra mAnava jIvana kA carama abhISTa jaTilatara mUlyoM kA bAra-bAra parIkSaNa kara zreya aura preya se puSTa maMgala ghaTa kA racanAkarma kumhAra kI mahattA ko cihnita karatA hai / AcAryazrI kA yaha bhAvukatApUrNa cintana jJAna aura jijJAsA kA hI nahIM, preraNA kA bhI viSaya hai / isIlie jIvana ke anukUla aura pratikUla sAkSyoM ko prastuta kara antassaMgharSa meM vyaMjita hone vAlI AkulatAoM kA isa khaNDa meM gahana vimarza milatA hai / AkulatAoM ke aneka stara haiM- saMskAroM kI hInatA kI AkulatA, viSamatA aura vizRMkhalatA kI AkulatA, , sAttvikatA kI cintA / jana-jana meM vyApta isa chadma ko dUra kara use prakRti kI zakti se prANavAn banAnA 'mUkamATI' kI kavitA kA sAMskRtika AdhAra hai / AcAryazrI kA kathana hai : 1 " vasanta calA gayA / usakA tana jalAyA gayA, / tathApi vana-upavanoM para, kaNoM- kaNoM para / usakA prabhAva par3A hai prati jIvana para yahA~;/ raga-raga meM rasa vaha / rama gayA hai rakta banakara / " (pR. 186) AcAryazrI ne saMkIrNatAoM aura viSamatAoM ko miTAkara 'samyak darzana' kA anugamana pravRtti aura nivRttimUlaka donoM vicArakoM ke lie zreyaskara mAnA hai| jaina darzana meM svIkRta mUlya mAnavIya satya kA sAkSAtkAra hai / rAgavirAga ke samagra vizleSaNa meM yahI vaha jAgRta zakti hai jo RSi aura manISI se sAdhaka ko jor3atI hai| prakRti tathA puruSa ke sambandhoM se saMzliSTa AkhyAna aura mithaka ke dvArA AcAryazrI ne Atmagata zaktiyoM kI puSTi ko pramANita kiyA hai| yahA~ yathAsambhava aura yathApramANa una mAnavIya mUlyoM ko cihnita karanA hai jo saMvedanazIlatA aura dArzanika arthoM meM vyakti ko adhika samartha banAte haiM / zAstrIya mAnyatAoM ko pramANasvarUpa prastuta kara mAnavIya mUlyoM kI talAza bhArata- - bhUmi ke sarjanAtmaka cintana ko udghATita karanA hI bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM adhika se adhikatara vizAlatA kI bhAvanA kA avataraNa karanA hai / udAharaNArtha : "loka- khyAti to yahI hai / ki / kAmadeva kA Ayudha phUla hotA hai
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________________ 428 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura/mahAdeva kA Ayudha zUla |/ek meM parAga hai/saghana rAga hai jisa kA phala saMsAra hai |/ek meM virAga hai/anagha tyAga hai jisakA phala bhava-pAra hai|" (pR. 101-102) ___ phUla se zUla kA mahattva adhika hai| dUsare zabdoM meM phUla kI cAha ko zUla kI zaiyA meM nita navavizrAnti milatI hai| isIlie kAvya kA nAyaka zilpI zUla ke prati kama AsthAvAn nahIM hai : "zilpI kI aisI mati-pariNati meM/parivartana - gati vAMchita hai sahI dizA kI ora"!/aura/kSata-vikSata kA~TA vaha/puna: kahatA haizilpI kama-se-kama/isa bhUla ke lie zUla se kSamA-yAcanA to kare, mA~ !" (pR. 104-105) prakRti aura puruSa kA mela adhyAtma, darzana aura mAnava dharma ke samuccaya ke mUla meM hai / ina donoM kA utkarSa mAnavIya sambhAvanAoM aura gaharI racanAtmaka dRSTi ke lie Avazyaka hai / AcAryazrI ke sAhitya meM bhAvapUrNa cintana, saha-astitva Adi kA nirUpaNa AtmAlocana ke sandarbha meM bhI kavitA ko prANavAn banAtA hai| prema aura AsthA se samanvita hRdaya kI svAbhAvika pariNati zIla hai / zIlavAn vyakti pada-pada para prabhu se yahI prArthanA karatA hai : "padAbhilASI bana kara/para para pada-pAta na karU~,/utpAta na karU~ kabhI bhI/kisI jIvana ko/pada-dalita nahIM karU~, he prabho !" (pR. 115) mATI aura zilpI kI lIlA kA rahasya yaha bhI hai ki zilpI mukta bhAva se nadI kI gati kI bhA~ti dharA kI ujjvala chavi ko nikhAratA hai / bodhibhAva ke vistAra aura nAnAvidha amlAna maMgala ghaTa ko zilpI puNyanidhi banAne kI ceSTA karatA hai| 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM kI pUrI uttarakathA AcAra-vicAra, sAhitya aura saMskRti Adi ke sandarbha ko vizeSa artha meM prakaTa karatI hai| kavi ne prema kI gambhIratA meM mATI kI sarjanAtmaka vizvasanIyatA kA mArmika nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isIlie saMvedana kI tIvratA dhArmika artha se puSTa dArzanika gahanatA kA AbhAsa detI hai / sRjanAtmaka artha meM AcAryazrI kI prAtibha nirmalatA, sAdhanA-zakti sRjana ke stara para bhI adhika vyApaka, gahana aura sUkSma chApa chor3atI hai| sAhitya, samAja aura saMskRti Adi ke prasaMgoM para kisI bhI sire se vicAra karane para AcAryazrI ke sRjana kI sUkSmatA pAThaka ke lie cunautI ke rUpa meM khar3I hotI hai| mATI kA prasthAna bindu saghana sAMskRtika cetanA se anuprANita anubhUti kA sahaja pravAha bana jAtA hai| usase snigdha puruSa aura prakRti pratipala sAnanda, sukhamaya zvAsa kI anubhUti karatI hai / sampUrNa racanA meM AtmasaMyama kA unmeSa aura mana evaM buddhi kA sAttvikIkaraNa zilpI kI manISA kA prANapantha banakara, usakI kRti ko anurAga kI AbhA se dIpta kara detA hai| isI kA paryAya hai maMgala ghaTa : "cakra aneka-vidha huA karate haiM/saMsAra kA cakra vaha hai jo rAga-roSa Adi vaibhAvika/adhyavasAna kA kAraNa hai:/cakrI kA cakra vaha hai jo bhautika-jIvana ke/avasAna kA kAraNa hai, parantu kulAla-cakra yaha, vaha sAna hai/jisa para jIvana car3ha kara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 429 anupama pahaluoM se nikhara AtA hai, pAvana jIvana kI aba zAna kA kAraNa hai|" (pR. 161-162) khaNDa tIna 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa- prakSAlana' hai / isa khaNDa kI zurUAta meM hI AcAryazrI ne jala kI viplavI kahAnI prastuta kara dharatI kI sampannatA aura himazItala evaM niSpanda AkulatA kA varNana kiyA hai| yahA~ jIvanabodha aura saundaryabodha ke dvArA cAritrya gati kI samIkSA hai / usake mAnadaNDa mAnavIya utkarSa kI sambhAvanAoM para avalambita haiN| kavi ne prakRti ke saundarya aura usakI kriyAzakti kA nirUpaNa bhI mAnavIyatA ke mUlabhUla saundarya siddhAntoM ko AdhAra mAna kara kiyA hai| yahA~ saundaryatattva eka mAnavIya stara hai, jise samAdhi evaM citta kA sAmAnya bodha hI kahA jaaegaa| AcAryazrI kI sisRkSA kA AdhAra dharmAnumodita mAnavIya bodha hai / isa khaNDa meM icchAzakti usa gati kA paryAya hai jisake pravAha-prayatnoM kA artha para-sampadA kA haraNa, saMgraha aura moha tathA mUrchA-atireka hai / yaha icchAzakti mAnavacitta kI rasAtmaka krIr3A hai / jala, jaladhi aura candramA, jo isake pratimAna haiM, apanI zItalatA aura AbhA se jagat ko prapaMcita hI karate haiN| dharA kI bhA~ti inameM prema, udAratA, dayA aura kartavyabodha Adi mAMgalya-bhAva nahIM hotA / mAnavIya saundarya saMskAra kI dhAraNA hI saundaryatAttvika sandarbho meM Dhalakara 'vande tadguNalabdhaye' kI mahattA pAtI hai| yaha adhyAtmavAdI ullAsa prAkRtika saundarya se bhinna kintu usake samAnAntara calane vAlA saMvedana tattva hai jisakI mUla avadhAraNA lokakalyANakArI hai| AcAryazrI ko zuddha caitanya ke virAT svarUpa, prakRti saundarya, mithaka aura itihAsa kI gaharAI evaM samAja kI sambhAvanA tathA cunautI se inakAra nahIM hai / unakA adhyAtmadarzana mAnavadharma aura usake samuccaya se saMzliSTa prema kI sambhAvanAoM ko parakhatA hai, yathA : 0 "phUla ne pavana ko/prema meM nahalA diyA,/aura/badale meM pavana ne phUla ko/prema se hilA diyA !" (pR. 258) "kucha pala khisaka gaye, ki/phUla kA mukha tamatamAne lagA/krodha ke kAraNa; pA~kharI-rUpa adhara-pallava/phar3aphar3Ane lage. kSobha se: rakta-candana A~khoM se vaha/Upara bAdaloM kI ora dekhatA hai-/jo kRtaghna kalaha-karma-magna bane haiM;/haiM vighna ke sAkSAt avatAra, saMvegamaya jIvana ke prati/udvega-Avega pradarzita karate,/aura jinakA bhaviSya bhayaMkara,/zubha bhAvoM kA bhagnAvazeSa mAtra !" (pR. 260) dharma tathA mAnavIya mUlyoM ke prati nirantara sajaga AcAryazrI kI racanAoM meM nirdhArita aura nizcita avadhAraNAe~ haiM, para, bimboM, pratIkoM aura zailI ke varNana meM anubhUta satya jisa artha kI pratIti karAte haiM, unheM dekhakara kahA jA sakatA hai ki kalAtmaka siddhAntoM se anuprANita mAnavIya pariprekSya ko rekhAMkita karate hue jaina dharma ke buniyAdI tattvoM kA itanA vistRta cintana pahalI bAra huA hai| bimboM kI arthacchaTAe~, artha dhvaniyA~ sacamuca jIvana ke nAnA rUpoM, sRSTi ke vividha praznoM aura saMskRti ke rUpAkAroM ko vistAra detI haiN| saMvedanA kA ghanatva mArmika bimboM ke mAdhyama se rekhAMkita hotA hai| dharatI se kavi kA gaharA lagAva vizvAsa, AzA, prema, udAratA, sahiSNutA, karuNA Adi mUlyoM kI eka
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________________ 430 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zAzvata pratikRti ke rUpa meM prastuta hai / bimboM meM nihita prakRti kA saundarya pratIyamAna artha ke rUpa meM mAnavIya vyathA evaM rAga ko vyakta karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prakRti aura mAnava vyavahAra kA Adyanta varNana milatA hai / prakRti kI mAnavIya niyati aura unmukta saundarya evaM prema kI pragAr3hatA hI mATI meM ghula kara akSaya maMgala ghaTa kA zRMgAra karate haiN| ina vibhUtiyoM se samRddha maMgala ghaTa pUrNatA kA pratIka hai aura jana-jIvana kI sAdhanA evaM samarpaNa kA sAkSya hai / kavi kA kathana hai : "jala aura jvalanazIla anala meM/antara zeSa rahatA hI nahIM sAdhaka kI antara-dRSTi meN|/nirntr sAdhanA kI yAtrA bheda se abheda kI ora/veda se aveda kI ora/bar3hatI hai, bar3hanI hI cAhie anyathA,/vaha yAtrA nAma kI hai/yAtrA kI zurUAta abhI nahIM huI hai / " (pR.267) Atma-avasAda ke kSaraNa aura AtmA kI zuddha, svabhAva dazA kI prApti isa yAtrA kI talAza hai / ina pravRttiyoM kI upalabdhiyoM kI par3atAla antima caturtha khaNDa meM milatI hai| caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM jaina darzana kA tAttvika vivecana saMyama aura tapazcaryA ke artha meM milatA hai| kavi jahA~ eka ora prakRti se gaharA lagAva prakaTa karatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora sAdhanA kI zakti kA unmeSa usake virAga ko puSTa karatA hai| arthavAn saMketa saMyama, yama-niyama Adi kA dizAbodha karAte haiN| sAdhanA kA rahasya dhIre-dhIre khulatA hai aura tapa, dhyAna, sAmAyika, samAdhi tathA jJAna ke anta:cakSu kholate hue zilpI kI avicala zAnti ke patha ko prazasta karatA hai| jIvAtmA caudaha guNasthAnoM para zanaiH-zanai: car3hakara apane zuddharUpa ko prApta kara letI hai| isa khaNDa meM sAdhanA ke vividha aMgoM aura upAMgoM kA sAmya dharatI kI udAratA, sahRdayatA Adi se kara AcAryazrI ne nirantara mAnavIya dharAtala ko sparza kiyA hai| avA~ meM lagane vAlI lakar3I sAdhaka kI niyati kA paryAya bana kara kumbha kI paripakvatA ke lie miTanA cAhatI hai| maMgala ghaTa kI samRddhi aura vividhatA meM apanA tApa pAnA cAhatI hai / zakti aura tApa kI prakharatA lakar3I ke jIvana kI sArthakatA hai / isake tApa ke binA kumbha aura kumhAra kA zrama adhUrA hai| saMkalpa lacIlA hai / lakar3I kumhAra se kahatI "aura suno,/yahA~ bAdhaka-kAraNa aura hI hai,/vaha hai svayaM agni / maiM to svayaM jalanA cAhatI hU~/parantu/agni mujhe jalAnA nahIM cAhatI hai isakA kAraNa vahI jAne / " (pR. 275) agni prajvalana ke pazcAt avA~ meM uThA dhuA~ vItarAgI kA hI jIvana-carita hai, jo manovikAroM se mukta hokara tapa, dhyAna, sAmAyika aura samAdhi taka kI AdhyAtmika yAtrA kara Atma-karuNA ke bhAva se logoM meM kalyANa kI varSA karatA hai| ___ isa khaNDa meM sAdhanA ke jJAta-ajJAta pakSoM kA mUlyAMkana milatA hai| sAdhanA ke prakAza-puMja meM yama, niyama, prANAyAma, niroga, yoga Adi saba kAraNa dravaNazIla padArtha kI bhA~ti paca kara usI prakAza-puMja meM mila jAte haiN| kAraka tattvoM kA saMvilayana sAdhanA ke Aloka ko saMvardhita kara sAdhaka meM jyAdA jaTila evaM vistRta rAga-anurAga kI sUkSmatAoM ko gocara karatA hai / Atma-bhAva kA yaha carama pariSkAra hai aura sAdhaka ke samarpaNa kA ananta vistAra / "bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI lakar3iyA~ saba/pUrva kI bhA~ti kahA~ rahIM aba !
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 431 saba ne AtmasAt kara/agni pI DAlI basa !/yA, ise yU~ kaheMagni ko janma dekara agni meM lIna meM lIna huIM ve| prati vastu jina bhAvoM ko janma detI hai/unhIM bhAvoM se miTatI bhI vaha, vahIM samAhita hotI hai |/yh bhAvoM kA milana-miTana sahaja svAzrita hai/aura/anAdi-anidhana..!" (pR. 282-283) zilpI kA yaha Atma-rahasya sevA, samarpaNa, karuNA, sAdhanA Adi ke mAdhyama se udAttIkRta hokara jisa antarmukhI dRDhabhAva ko unmIlita karatA hai, vaha mAnavIya citi evaM adhyAtma kI sAdhanA kA carama rahasya hai / AcAryazrI ke anusAra svastha jJAna hI adhyAtma hai jo mauna hokara bhI varjanAoM se rahita, mithyAbhASoM se bAhara Ananda kA avirala srota hotA hai / isake viparIta darzana saMkalpa-vikalpa se paribhASita vicArAbhAsa hai, jisake garjana-tarjana meM astinAsti ke svara mukharita hote haiN| dharma kI deharI para AtmavikAsa se pallavita, puSpita rAga-anurAga kI akSaya AbhA meM agni kA tApa rasasikta hokara ghaTa kA subhaga zRMgAra bana jAtA hai / ghaTa akSaya aura akhaNDa saundarya se sajjita ho zubha-saMkalpa kA pratIka bana kara zilpI kI sAdhanA ko mUrta karatA hai / usake aMga-pratyaMga se prema kA, sat kA, sAdhanA kA sarasa rAga mukharita hotA hai / isIlie to maMgala ghaTa kA darzana karate hI nara-nArI khuzI se jhUma kara nAcane lagate haiN| "bahiraMga ho yA antaraMga/kumbha ke aMga-aMga se saMgIta kI taraMga nikala rahI hai,/aura bhUmaNDala aura nabhamaNDala ye/usa gIta meM taira rahe haiN|" (pR. 299) . "yaha saba zilpI kA zilpa hai,/analpa zrama, dRr3ha saMkalpa sat-sAdhanA-saMskAra kA phala / " (pR. 305) 'mUkamATI' meM sAdhu ke AhAra-dAna kI prakriyA se vinyasta dhArmika anuSThAna evaM seTha kI AsthA tathA samarpaNa kA bhI vistRta varNana milatA hai / isI adhyAya meM maMgala ghaTa ke vividha manorama rUpoM kA ullekha hai jo mantroM se abhimantrita aura tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoM se poSita haiN| . caturtha khaNDa jaina dharma meM mAnya bhakti, tapa, dhyAna, sAmAyika, samAdhi tathA jJAna kA vizleSaNa hai| jaina bhakti ke bAraha rUpoM - siddha bhakti, zruta bhakti, cAritra bhakti, yogi bhakti, AcArya bhakti, paMca guru bhakti, tIrthaMkara bhakti, zAnti bhakti, samAdhi bhakti, nirvANa bhakti, nandIzvara bhakti aura caitya bhakti kA bhI saMkSepa meM nirUpaNa hai| AcAryazrI ne manuSya ke jIvana ko eka draSTA kI taraha dekhA hai| draSTA ke lie samyak dRSTi anivArya hotI hai| usakA antara aura bAhya parama pavitra hotA hai| rAga-dveSa se mukta / abhaya / sAdhanA meM lIna kavivara ne 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se prema aura karuNA se saMzliSTa jisa rAgAtmaka citra kA vistAra dikhAyA hai, usameM mAnavIya pIr3A aura usakI samagra cetanA kA bhAvabodha hai / jisakA mUla svara 'jana-gaNa-mana maMgaladAyaka ho' ke rUpa meM pUre kAvya meM gUMjatA hai| "kumbha ke mukha se nikala rahI haiM/maMgala-kAmanA kI paMktiyA~ : "yahA~ saba kA sadA/jIvana bane maMgalamaya/chA jAve sukha-chA~va, saba ke saba TaleM-/amaMgala-bhAva,/saba kI jIvana latA harita-bharita viha~sita ho/guNa ke phUla vilasita hoM
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________________ 432 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nAzA kI AzA miTe / AmUla mahaka uTheM / basa / " (pR. 478 ) nae yuga kI cunautiyoM kA sAmanA karane hetu AcAryazrI kA kavitva apanI pUrI divyatA ke sAtha pAThaka meM gahare bodha kA saMcAra karatA hai| 'mUkamATI' kI kavitA meM lokajIvana se jur3e vividha prasaMga aura lokabhASA ke zabdoM evaM bimboM ke bIca se ubharatI, kauMdhatI prema aura saundarya kI anupama chavi gahare AkarSaNa se mana ko nihAla kara detI hai| racanA saMsAra kA dvAra khulate hI dharatI ko AtmIya gandha kA saMcAra aura prakRti kA bahuAyAmI rUpa vaibhava pratyakSa-parokSa rUpa meM manuSya kI bArIka se bArIka sAttvika saMvedanA kI abhivyakti ko jIvanta banAtA hai / kavitA meM varNita saundarya aura prema kI sUkSmatA aura usakI avadhAraNA madhyakAlIna santoM se AcAryazrI kI bhAva - bhASA ko jor3atI hai| AcAryazrI kI racanAoM meM kahIM galadazru bhAvukatA nahIM hai| unakI kavitA meM bhAva aura buddhi donoM kI gahanatA hai / isIlie 'mUkamATI' kI kavitA kI pariSkRti isa sImA taka pahu~cI hai ki pUrI racanA adhyAtma aura darzana kA eka nayA adhyAya bana jAtI hai| prema kI bahuAyAmI prastuti meM anekAnta, sahiSNutA, saha-astitva aura dharma kA yugapat sahAvasthAna Adi sAdhanA kI pUrI vyApti ke sAtha prakaTa hokara pAThaka para gaharA asara DAlate haiN| 'mUkamATI' mAnavIya bhAva - bodha kI apratima kAvya - kRti hai / isakI bhASA kI vyaMjanAoM meM purANa aura kiMvadantiyoM kA samAveza hai| abhivyakti kauzala meM saMskRta ke tatsama tadbhava aura AMcalika boliyoM ke zabda bhI pAe jAte haiM / alaMkAroM kA svAbhAvika saundarya lekhana ko samRddha banAtA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja kI kAvya- kRti 'mUkamATI' meM prabandhakAra kI pratibhA kA vyApaka svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai| kamATI p
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI apUrva upalabdhi DaoN. pavana kumAra jaina yaha kRti cAra khaNDoM evaM lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM meM varNita hai jo paribhASA kI dRSTi se mahAkAvya kI sImAoM ke antargata hai| 'mUkamATI' meM dharma, darzana tathA adhyAtma kA sAra mukta chanda ke mAdhyama se kAvya zailI meM nibaddha huA hai| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne mATI jaisI nirIha, padadalita, AkrAnta aura vyathita vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAkara usakI mUka vedanA tathA mukti kI AkAMkSA ko vANI dI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke prArambha meM hI mahAkAvyAtmaka prAkRtika paridRzya dekhane ko milatA hai : " sImAtIta zUnya meM / nIlimA bichAI, ... aura idhara nIce / nirI nIravatA chAI / " (pR. 1) isI prasaMga meM kumudinI, kamalinI, cA~da-tAre, suvAsita vAyu, saritA taTa Adi prAkRtika paridRzya mahAkAvya jaisI pRSThabhUmi prastuta karate haiN| mahAkAvya kI apekSAoM ke anurUpa prAkRtika pariveza ke atirikta isa kRti meM sRjana ke anya pakSa bhI maujUda haiN| isa prazna para vicAra karate samaya prazna uThatA hai ki 'mUkamATI' kA nAyaka kauna hai aura nAyikA kauna hai ? isa kRti kI nAyikA mATI hI hai, yaha kRti ke nAmakaraNa se hI dyotita hotA hai| kRti kA samyak vastu vidhAna mATI ke hI AsapAsa ghUmatA hai| mATI jaisI tuccha vastu ko maMgala mUrti ghaTa kA svarUpa pradAna karane vAle zilpI kumbhakAra ko isa kRti kA nAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ nAyikA aura nAyaka ke bIca meM AdhyAtmika prakAra kA romAMsa rahA hai| mATI jaisI pada dalita, tuccha, nirIha, vyathita vastu ko kitanI pratIkSA rahI hai usa kumbhakAra kI, jo usakA uddhAra karegA / 'mUkamATI' meM kAvya kI dRSTi se zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAroM kI chaTA navIna sandarbhoM meM AkarSaka evaM manohAriNI hai / AcAryazrI kI zabda yojanA anUThI hai, jisakA pracalita artha meM upayoga karake ve usakI saMgaThanA ko naI-naI dhAra dene ke lie vyAkaraNa kI kasauTI para nirantara parakhate haiM aura unameM se nae-nae AvaraNoM kA paradAphAza karate haiM / prayukta zabdAvalI meM Antarika ramaNIyatA hai / unameM artha ke anUThe aura achUte AyAma bhI pratibimbita hote haiM / AcAryajI kA zabda yojanA meM arthAnveSiNI dRSTi kA camatkAra vidhAna adbhuta hai jo mahAkAvya kI dRSTi se sArthaka hai| uparyukta tathyoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'mUkamATI' meM mahAkAvyocita aneka vizeSatAe~ milatI haiN| isakI kathAvastu samAja kI sampUrNa jvalanta samasyAoM aura cetanA ko lekara Age bar3hatI hai| isameM mahAkAvyocita jIvana darzana, uddezya evaM upadeza samAviSTa haiM / arthAlaMkAroM kI chaTA, kathA kI rocakatA, nirjIva pAtroM ke sajIva cuTIle saMvAda, zabdoM ke andara samAhita AdhyAtmika artha yojanA barabasa hI sAhityakAroM ko AkarSita karatI hai, jo mahAkAvya 1 lie Avazyaka evaM apekSita bhI hai| isa kAvya meM jahA~ svayaM ko aura mAnava ke bhaviSya ko samajhane kI naI dRSTi prApta hotI hai, vahIM cintana-manana kI naI sUjha bhI / isa prakAra ina vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para ise mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya AcArya vidyAsAgara kI Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya ke lie eka apUrva upalabdhi hai / yaha racanAkAra ke kAvya vikAsa kA eka carama bindu hai / vastu aura zilpa donoM dRSTiyoM se isa kRti kI racanA eka vizeSa
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________________ 434 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bindu para AdhArita hai / samAja, deza, rASTra tathA antararASTrIya kSetra meM vyApta AtaMkavAda kI Adhunika samasyA tathA usakA samAdhAna bhI isa kRti meM hai| AtaMkavAda jaisI bhayaMkara samasyA kA samAdhAna kSamA bhAva hI hai, yaha kavi kA mata hai| 'mUkamATI' meM mahAkAvyocita vizeSatAe~ spaSTa pratibimbita hotI haiN| yaha cAra khaNDoM meM varNita hai / prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' kA mUla artha yaha hai ki koI bhI vyakti jAti, kula ke AdhAra para U~ca yA nIca nahIM hai balki usakA bahumUlya sArthaka jIvana usake guNadharmoM para nirbhara rahatA hai| agara vyakti ko acchI saMgati, acchA pradarzaka evaM saccA guru mile, jo usake vyaktitva meM se kamaz2oriyoM kA nivAraNa kara sake, to vaha padadalita vyakti ucca pada, samAja, deza aura antararASTrIya kSetra meM sammAna kA adhikArI bana sakatA hai| dUsare khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' se yaha bhAva abhivyakta hotA hai ki binA zabda adhyayana va sAhitya adhyayana ke bodha kI prApti asambhava hai aura binA bodha (jJAna) ke zodha kArya asambhava hai / AcAryazrI ne sAhitya ke nava rasoM ke svarUpoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| zRMgAra rasa kI atyanta maulika vyAkhyA dRSTigocara hotI hai / isa kathAnaka meM tattva darzana kI jhalaka sthAna-sthAna para anAyAsa hI ubhara kara AI hai / isa khaNDa ke varNanoM meM vyAvahArika bhASA kA anokhA camatkAra hai| tRtIya khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' ke antargata puNya aura pApa ke prakSAlana se utpanna hone vAlI zreyaskara aura upAdeya upalabdhiyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| kArya ke anusAra puNya kA upArjana mana, vacana evaM kAya kI nirmalatA se, zubha kAryoM ke sampAdana se evaM loka kalyANa kI kAmanA se hotA hai / isa khaNDa meM kumbhakAra evaM mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke mAdhyama se puNya karma ke sampAdana se upajI zreyaskara upalabdhi kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| cauthe khaNDa agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' ke vicAra nimna chanda se spaSTa ho jAte haiM : "santa-samAgama kI yahI to sArthakatA hai/saMsAra kA anta dikhane lagatA hai, samAgama karanevAlA bhale hI/turanta santa-saMyata/bane yA na bane isameM koI niyama nahIM hai,/kintu vaha/santoSI avazya banatA hai| sahI dizA kA prasAda hI/sahI dazA kA prAsAda hai / " (pR. 352) mahAkAvya meM do prakAra ke pAtra hote haiM- eka, jo caritra kI acchAiyoM ke mAdhyama se samAja meM vyApta burAiyoM, samasyAoM evaM anekatA ko dUra kara samAja ko kalyANa ke mArga para le jAte haiM aura deza evaM samAja meM sauhArda, bhAIcArA, ekatA-samatA kI pratiSThA karate haiN| dUsare, ve pAtra haiM jo samAja ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka haiN| ve apanI samasta kSamatA kA prayoga samAja meM apanI pratiSThA bar3hAne ke lie samAja kA zoSaNa karate haiM, samAja ke saMgaThana ko vighaTita karate haiM aura garIboM, dalitoM va zoSitoM para jaghanya aparAdha karate haiN| pAtra yojanA kI dRSTi se isameM donoM hI koTi ke pAtra haiM / isa racanA ke adhikAMza pAtra nirjIva haiM jinheM kRtikAra ne apanI kalAtmaka pratibhA ke dvArA jIvantatA pradAna kI hai / isa racanA ke do pAtra atyadhika mahattvapUrNa haiM jinakI kathA racanA meM Adi se anta taka pravahamAna rahI hai / prathama pAtra hai mATI aura dUsarA hai kumbhakAra / kumbhakAra ne mATI jaisI tuccha, pada dalita, nirIha vastu ko eka sArthaka maMgala ghaTa ke rUpa meM pariNata kiyA hai| use kRti kA nAyaka tathA usa miTTI ko kRti kI nAyikA kahA jA sakatA hai / isake alAvA anya aneka pAtra haiM, jaise- kA~TA, svarNa kalaza, AtaMkavAdI, rAjA, rAjA ke AdamI, sAdhu, seTha, seTha kA sevaka Adi / ye sabhI gauNa pAtra nAyaka-nAyikA ke caritra ke utthAna meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA karate haiN| isa prakAra mahAkAvya ke anurUpa caritra citraNa AcArya vidyAsAgara ne citrita kiyA hai, jo unake caritra-yojanA-kauzala ko darzAtA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 435 saMvAdoM kI sajIvatA, rocakatA tathA hAsya-vyaMgya pAThaka ko AkarSita karate haiN| isa mahAkAvya meM cuTIle saMvAdoM kI yojanA dekhate hI banatI hai / yaha mahAkAvya jvalanta samasyAoM ko lekara likhA gayA hai| isameM samasyAoM ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue unake samAdhAna kA bhI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isameM sabase bar3I samasyA nirIha, pada dalita, pIr3ita mAnavatA kI hai| samAja ke ghAtaka pU~jIvAdI vyakti pada dalita vargoM ke sAmAjika utthAna meM vyavadhAna upasthita karate haiM jisase vyakti Arthika, sAmAjika Adi dRSTiyoM se pichar3a jAte haiN| kavi kI mAnyatA hai ki agara ina zoSita, pIr3ita vyaktiyoM ko acchA sAmAjika pariveza mile to ve bhI acche inasAna bana sakate haiN| dUsarI pramukha samasyA AtaMkavAda kI hai / yaha samasyA kisI eka deza kI nahIM varan sampUrNa vizva kI hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kA kahanA hai ki isa samasyA kA hala kSamA bhAva se sambhava ho sakatA hai| isa mahAkAvya meM zilpa sambandhI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM, jinakA kAvya ko manohArI evaM marmasparzI banAne meM bahuta yogadAna hai : 1. lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA zabda zaktiyoM kI yojnaa| 2. layAtmaka mukta chandoM kA pryog| 3. guNa aura rIti kA bhAvAnukUla utkRSTa prayoga / 4. vRtti kA AkarSaka vivecn| 5. kavi ne bhAvoM kA varNana karate samaya aucitya tattva para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| 6. vakra uktiyoM kI Alocya kRti meM bharamAra hai| 7. lokoktiyoM, muhAvaroM evaM sUktiyoM kA prasaMgAnukUla prayoga huA hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM pratIkoM kI sundara yojanA, alaMkAroM kI chaTA, kathA kI rocakatA, nirjIva pAtroM ke sajIva evaM cuTIle vArtAlApoM kI nATakIyatA tathA zabdoM kI paratoM ko vedhakara AdhyAtmika arthoM kI pratiSThA, yaha saba kucha sahaja hI samA gayA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM jahA~ svayaM ko aura mAnava ke bhaviSya ko samajhane ke nae-nae AyAma sAmane Ate haiM, vahIM mAnava samAja ko cintana kI adbhuta preraNAe~ bhI milatI haiN| pRSTha 53 bIja kA vapana liyA hai.... - usa pakI phasalako.
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________________ bhAratIya sAhitya kI anUThI upalabdhi : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa bAlA aror3A sAhitya evaM samAja meM jisa gAmbhIrya kA lopa hotA jA rahA hai, usake darzana puna: karAne vAlA ye kAvya vAstava meM sAhitya kI eka anUThI upalabdhi hai| prAcIna kAla se paropakAra, udAratA evaM udAttatA bhAratIya sAhitya ke merudaNDa rahe haiN| usI kA aMkuraNa kAvya meM bar3e sundara rUpa se huA hai| Adhunika mAnava kuNThA, dvandva, akelepana Adi paristhitiyoM se jUjhatA huA TUTatA calA jAtA hai, vo isalie ki usakI dRSTi vastuta: samaSTi kI ora nahIM, kevala apanI ora kendrita rahatI hai| 'mUkamATI' ke pAtra isI saMkIrNa dAyare ko nirantara tor3ate naz2ara Ate haiN| jIvana to jUjhanA hai, jUjhate hue saphala honA hai| TUTanA to mRtyu hai| aisA jIvana yahA~ kisakA hai ? yahA~ kisane kabhI koI kaSTa nahIM jhele ? sonA jitanA tapAyA jAtA hai, utanA kharA banatA jAtA hai| isa saphara kA rAstA samatala kabhI nahIM hotA hai| kaSToM se chuTakArA kucha hada taka agara mila bhI jAe para caritra kI udAttatA phira kahA~ se A paaegii| isI jUjhane kA pratIka hai 'mUkamATI' kA / mATI se kumbha bananA tathA sevAyukta hokara saphala honA, yahI zikSA mATI apanI mamatAmayI mA~ se pAtI hai| kitanI utkaNThA hai mATI meM kumbhakAra ke hAthoM se kumbha bana tapane kI, saphala hone kI, pUrNa hone kI / yahI jIvAtmA kI bhI to satata pukAra hai| "maiM nirdoSa nahIM hU~/doSoM kA koSa banA huA hU~/mujha meM ve doSa bhare hue haiN| jaba taka unakA jalanA nahIM hogA/maiM nirdoSa nahIM ho sktaa|"(pR. 277) sAmAnya mAnava kI ye kamajorI hai ki mAnava Ananda kI prApti to cAhatA hai kintu Ananda prApti ke lie kie jAne vAle tyAga se mukha mor3atA hai / mATI aisA nahIM krtii| mATI apanI mUka vANI se hameM ye zikSA de jAtI hai : 0 "binA tapa ke jalatva kA, ajJAna kA,/vilaya ho nahIM sktaa|" (pR. 176) 0 "mara, hama 'marahama' baneM!" (pR. 175) yahA~ 'hama' kA maranA hI ahaMkAra kA maranA hai, svArtha kA maranA hai / ahaMkAra jo 'ahaM' kA prakhara svara' hai, usakA vikAra hI ahaMkAra hai, jo patana kA mUla hai| dharatI dharaNI hai, mATI hai, jo saba kucha dhairya se dhAraNa karatI hai| usI prakAra sAdhaka bhI jIvana ke utAra-car3hAvoM ko dhairya se dhAraNa karatA hai aura lakSya kI prApti kara pAtA hai| 'guru' ekAgratA se ziSya kI pragati meM dattacita hotA hai : "kisI kAraNavaza/vivaza hokara jAnA par3A bAhara/kumbhakAra ko / para, pravAsa para/tana hI gayA hai usakA,/mana yahIM para bAra-bAra lauTa AtA AvAsa para !" (pR. 198) kumbha satata sAdhanA kA pratIka hai| jIvana meM saphala hone ke lie sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / jo ye tathya pahacAna letA hai vaha jIvana ko saphalatApUrvaka jIne kA mantra pA jAtA hai| "parISaha-upasarga ke binA kabhI/svarga aura apavarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogI/traikAlika satya hai yaha !" (pR. 266) jIvana kevala apane hI svArthamaya bhoga ke lie nahIM haiM- "paropakAraH puNyAya, pApAya parapIDanam"- veda
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 437 vyAsajI ne samasta upaniSadoM ke sArAMza ko isI eka vAkya meM de diyA thaa| kumbha bhI svayaM tapatA hai, dhairya se pUrNatA prApta karatA hai, kevala eka hI lakSya ke lie - jo hai paropakAra / paropakAra meM hI svayaM kA upakAra hai, svayaM kI sArthakatA hai| isI prAcIna vANI ko mukharita karane ke lie mAnoM ye kAvya likhA gayA hai| kabIra va rahIma kI hI taraha kavi kahIM-kahIM samAja kA sUkSma adhyetA ho jAtA hai aura sAmAjika pravRttiyoM kA sahaja citraNa kara jAtA hai / yathA, lakar3iyA~ apane nirarthaka evaM galata prayoga kara bilakhatI huI kahatI haiM : 0 "prAya: aparAdhI-jana baca jAte/niraparAdha hI piTa jAte/aura unheM pITate-pITate TUTatoM hama |/ise hama gaNatantra kaise kaheM ? yaha to zuddha 'dhanatantra' hai/yA/manamAnA 'tantra' hai|" (pR. 271) "AzAtIta vilamba ke kAraNa/anyAya nyAya-sA nahIM nyAya anyAya-sA lagatA hI hai|" (pR. 272) "parantu kheda hai ki/lobhI pApI mAnava/pANigrahaNa ko bhI __ prANa-grahaNa kA rUpa dete haiN|" (pR. 386) yahA~ daheja prathA se jur3I samasyA jise 'brAiDa-barniMga (Bride-burning) kahA jAtA hai, para yaha sUkSma vyaMgya hai| "yaha kaTu-satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) samAja ke dhana-lolupa rUpa ko sahajatA se pratyakSa kara diyA hai kavi kI anubhavI lekhanI ne| kevala samasyAoM ko ubhArA hI nahIM, kahIM-kahIM unakA samAdhAna bhI kavi detA gayA hai / yathA, zakAra-traya ke sUkSmArtha batAte hue kavi kahatA hai : "zAzvata zAnti kI zAlA' !/'sa' yAnI/samagra kA sAthI jisameM samaSTi smaatii|" (pR. 398) ina paMktiyoM meM gA~dhIjI ke sarvodaya ke vicAroM kI jhaMkAra-sI ubhara AtI hai| kahI-kahIM prakRti citraNa bhI kitanA sundara rUpa le ubharA hai, yathA : "makhamala mAdarva kA mAna/maramiTA-sA lgaa| Amra-maMjula-maMjarI/komalatama koMpaloM kI masRNatA bhUla cukI apanI asmitA yahA~ para,/apane upahAsa ko sahana nahIM karatI lajjA ke ghUghaTa meM chupI jA rahI hai,/aura/kucha-kucha kopavatI ho AI hai, anyathA/usakI bAharI-patalI tvacA/halakI raktaraMjitA lAla kyoM hai?"(pR.127) prAkRtika upacAra tathA aMkoM ke mahattva para bhI kavi ne saMketa kiyA hai, jo unake bahumukhI jJAna kA paricAyaka hai| kAvya kI bhUmikA vizeSa mahattva kI hai| jisa prakAra nAvika ko kaMpAsa dizA darzana karAtA hai, usI prakAra kAvya meM pAThaka ko kyA milegA tathA pAThaka kI dRSTi kidhara kendrita honI cAhie, yaha dizA-saMketa bhUmikA meM spaSTa mila jAtA hai|
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________________ 438 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kAvya kA kathAnaka pratIkAtmaka hai aura ye sahaja bhI hai / gahana AdhyAtmika rahasyoM kA udghATana saralatA se nahIM ho pAtA kintu pratIka rUpa meM unakA pratipAdana sahaja ho jAtA hai| isIlie aneka santoM kI vANiyA~ pratIka kA AdhAra letI haiM / kumbhakAra guru ke nimitta lakSya-prApti kA AdhAra yA mArgadarzaka banatA hai jo nirvikAra, nirlipta hai| kumbha kA tapanA evaM aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA sAdhaka kI parIkSAe~ haiM, jo lakSya sAdhana ke vibhinna sopAna haiN| inako pAra karanA kaThina hai kintu lakSya prApti ke lie anivArya bhii| 'machalI' vicakSaNa jJAna yA dRSTi hai jo sAdhaka ke lie atyAvazyaka hai| sahI rAha kI pahacAna yahIM se hotI hai| seTha parivAra' Antarika koNa se sAdhaka ke sadguNa haiM tathA bAhya rUpa se ve sAdhu puruSa evaM sajjana haiM jo sAdhaka kI pragati meM sahAyaka banate haiN| 'AtaMkavAdI' evaM krAntikArI-jana ve AtaMkavAdI mAnasika pravRttiyA~ haiM jo sAdhaka kI bAdhaka banatI haiN| inakA honA nirvivAda evaM Avazyaka bhI hai, anyathA sonA kharA kaise bana pAegA ? 'nadI' sAdhaka ke vicakSaNa jJAna kI parIkSA hai jo dhIre-dhIre sAdhaka ke paripakva jJAna ke sammukha kamaz2ora hotI jAtI hai| kathAnaka saMkSipta hai- samarpita jijJAsu kA gurukRpA evaM zraddhA ke phalasvarUpa adhyAtma kA patha apanAnA, apanAne ke pazcAt vibhinna kaThinAiyoM evaM parIkSAoM kA sAmanA karanA / AdhyAtmika mArga atyanta kaThina pratIta hotA hai, jo sahaja hai kyoMki mAyA kI zakti atyanta prabala hai| SavikAroM kI, zArIrika evaM mAnasika yantraNAoM kI bauchAra avazyaMbhAvI hai, anyathA paripakvatA pAnA asambhava hai / guru kA satata sahArA sAdhaka ko prApta hotA rahatA hai jo usakA mArgadarzana karatA hai / antata: jJAna kI prApti guru-kRpA se hI hotI hai| ___bhAva-pakSa kI udAttatA carama bindu para kAvya meM upasthita huI hai| vicAra gahare evaM gUr3ha haiM jo svAbhAvika hI haiN| dArzanika vicAroM ke anurUpa pratIkAtmaka zailI kA saphala prayoga huA hai| kAvya kA prathama bhAga bahuta hI marmasparzI bana gayA hai, jahA~ mATI ko apanI mA~ se snehila mArgadarzana prApta hotA hai / kahIM-kahIM bhAvoM kI sukumAratA kitanI sundara hai : "tRNa-binduoM ke miSa/ullAsavatI saritA-sI dharatI ke komala kendra meM/karuNA kI umar3ana hai, aura usake/aMga - aMga/eka apUrva pulakana le DUba rahe haiM/svAbhAvika nartana meM !" (pR. 20) jahA~ taka kalA-pakSa dekhane kI bAta hai, jo vastuta: aise AdhyAtmika grantha meM gauNa sthAna rakhatA hai, lekina yahA~ kAvya kI bhASA-zailI bahuta hI sarala evaM prabhAvazAlI hai / alaMkAroM kI chaTA jahA~-tahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se bikharI huI hai| sUraja kA mAnavIkaraNa kitanA navIna hai : "dUraja hokara bhI/svayaM rajavihIna sUraja hI/sahasroM karoM ko phailAkara sukomala kiraNAMguliyoM se/nIraja kI banda pA~khuriyoM-sI zilpI kI palakoM ko sahalAtA hai|" (pR. 265) kucha rasoM kI to saMkSipta vyAkhyA-sI hI kavi ne kara dI hai : "zAnta-rasa kisI bahAva meM/bahatA nahIM kabhI ...karuNA meM vAtsalya kA/mizraNa sambhava nahIM hai|" (pR. 157)
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 439 yaha kAvya pramukha rUpa se zraddhA se par3hA jAne vAlA eka AdhyAtmika kAvya hai, upanyAsa samrAT premacanda ke anusAra kavi yA lekhaka samAja kA patha pradarzaka hotA hai, yaha kartavya 'mUka mATI' ke racayitA ne pUrNa rUpa se nibhAyA hai| vastuta: kavi kA dhyAna vicAroM ke pratipAdana para adhika thA, isIlie kadAcit kucha prasaMga Agraha-pUrvaka jor3e huese lagate haiM tathA kahIM-kahIM bhAvoM kI punarAvRtti ho gaI hai| isI kAraNa zAyada kAvya kA AkAra bhI vizada ho gayA hai| ____ kAvya kA zIrSaka bar3A hI saMkSipta, saTIka evaM sundara hai| kAvya kamala-patra para par3e eka choTe se himakaNa ke samAna hI pavitra, jyotiSmAn evaM pAradarzI hai, jo kAvya ke kathAnaka ko spaSTa iMgita kara detA hai / anta meM kahanA cAhU~gI ki sundara zIrSaka yukta, vibhinna sargoM meM vibhakta 'mUkamATI' bahuta hI sundara evaM prabhAvazAlI bana par3A hai aura sAhityAkAza meM eka dedIpyamAna nakSatra kI bhA~ti sadA camakatA rhegaa| 'mUkamATI' : prayogavAdI kAvya paramparA kI nayI kar3I ___ DaoN. mahendra kumAra sAhU AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya) ko hama Adhunika yuga ke prayogavAdI kAvya kI zreNI meM rakha sakate haiM, kyoMki yaha mahAkAvya sambandhita zAstrIya siddhAntoM se pUrNarUpeNa alaga hai| hama ise bAbU jayazaMkara prasAda dvArA racita chAyAvAdI yuga ke pratinidhi mahAkAvya 'kAmAyanI' ke samatulya nahIM mAna sakate haiN| ___ hindI sAhitya meM chAyAvAda ke pazcAt-prayogavAdI, nayI kavitA kA daura AyA jisameM paramparA evaM kAvyazAstrIya niyamoM se haTakara aneka prayoga kie gae, lekina ve 'kAmAyanI' kI taraha apanI pahacAna nahIM banA paae| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara dvArA racita 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya) isI prayogavAdI kAvya paramparA kI eka nayI kar3I hai| 'mUkamATI' kathAvastu, nAyaka tattva, kAvya zilpa evaM audAtya kI dRSTi se pUrNarUpeNa mahAkAvya kI zAstrIya paramparA se bhinna hai / isa mahAkAvya meM dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma, kAvya audAttya ke rUpa meM adhika gahana rUpa se ubhara kara hamAre sAmane Ae haiM, jo ki racayitA ke sahaja mAnavIya guNadharmoM ke paricAyaka haiN| prastuta mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' meM mahAkAvya ke anurUpa audAtya kathAvastu ke antargata 'mATI' jaisI nirIha, pada-dalita, vyathita vastu ko mahAkAvya kI garimA pradAna kara racanAkAra ne apane gahana dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma kA paricaya diyA hai| mATI' kA pratIkAtmaka mAnavIya darzana isa mahAkAvya kA AdhAra stambha hai| isa mahAkAvya meM dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma para jitanA bala diyA gayA hai, utanA mahAkAvya ke anurUpa usake kAvya zilpa aura sauSThava para nahIM / vastutaH yaha kRti adhika parimANa meM adhyAtma hai arthAt 'mUkamATI' ko hama 'mAnavIya jIvana darzana' kA pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya kaha sakate haiN|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : Atmika UrdhvArohaNa kI mahAgAthA DaoN. gaNeza khare 'mUkamATI' para mere dvArA kucha kahA jAnA sAgara-manthana kA asambhava prayAsa karanA hai| sAgara to upalabdha hai para vaha deva sAmarthya aura alaukika sAdhana kahA~ se lAU~! ata: usameM eka DubakI lagAkara hI use praNAma kara rahA huuN| mATI to nirguNa hai, nirAkAra hai, mUka hone ke kAraNa yaha nirvAk bhI hai| ata: usakA sparza bhI kaThina hai| vaha kevala anubhUti kA viSaya hai, AcaraNa kI maryAdA hai / vaha deva mandira kI dehalI hai jo sAMsArika sImAe~ lA~ghakara AdhyAtmika saMsAra meM praveza kI anumati detI hai| maiM to mAtra itanA kahU~gA ki 'mUkamATI' kI yaha adhyayana yAtrA mere lie apane Apa meM bA~dhe rahI aura AcAryazrI ke hI zabdoM meM sacamuca maine maMz2ila para pahu~cane ke bAda vizrAma kiyA hai / yaha mAnavIya zarIra yA jIva hI mATI hai| yaha svata: kucha bhI kahane meM asamartha hai, ata: mUka hai para isakI cintana-manana, zrota aura kriyAtmaka zaktiyA~ to sakriya-saMvedanamaya haiM, ata: ve zilpI ke hara zabda aura saMketa ko grahaNa kara unheM AcaraNa meM rUpAntaraNa kara detI haiN| ___kumbhakAra ke hAthoM meM par3akara yaha mUkamATI pahale sAfa kI gaI hai, phira pAnI kA saMsparza pAkara vaha kumbha ke rUpa meM parivartita huI hai, phira use tapasyA kI pAvana agni meM pakAyA gayA hai aura anta meM vaha maMgala kalaza kA rUpa dhAraNa kara navAgata saMskRti kA svAgata karatI hai| yaha vastuta: jIva kI eka Atmika UrdhvArohaNa kI mahAgAthA hai / maiM to mAtra isa mahAyAtrA kA eka choTA-sA prekSaka rahA hU~, pratIti aura saMvedanA se zUnya, nirvAk aura vismaya-vimugdha / yaha jar3a-cetanamaya sArI sRSTi mRNmaya hai| jo kucha miTTI nahIM hai, vaha vAyavIya hai, zUnya hai, niraMka hai para usakA AdhAra bhI yahI miTTI hai / yaha miTTI sRSTi-racayitA zilpI kI lIlA kA bhI sabase bar3A sAdhana hai| vaha nAnA rUpoM meM isako DhAlatA rahatA hai aura yaha miTTI nava-nava rUpa dhAraNa kara sRSTi ke vikAsa kI prakriyA ko na kevala sakriya rakhatI hai varan use zAzvata aura cira navIna bhI banAe rakhatI hai| yaha miTTI kabhI miTatI nhiiN| vibhinna tattvoM ke yoga se yaha racanAzIlA jIvanta aura jAgRta hokara RSiyoM-maharSiyoM kI saMcetanA banakara mAnavatA kI zrIvRddhi karatI hai| janatA ke du:kha-dAridraya ko miTAkara unheM eka harA-bharA saMsAra pradAna karatI hai| yaha sabako Azraya dene vAlI jaga jananI hai, mA~ hai / apane baccoM ke lie isakA apAra sneha prakRti ke phUloM, manda-manthara havAoM, sUrya kI kiraNoM, jalataraMgoM aura agni kI USmA ke mAdhyama se satata pravAhita hotA rahatA hai / isakI prakRti hI dAnazIlA hai / yaha detI hai mAtra, lene kI kalpanA hI isake mAnasa meM nahIM uThatI / isa dRSTi se yaha pUrNata: nirvikAra hai, prAMjala aura pAvana hai| koI bhautika vikAra ise sparza nahIM kara pAtA / yaha vikArAtIta hai| yaha nirjana meM bhI apanI mastI meM lIna rahatI hai aura janasaMkulatA meM bhI; himAlaya kI tuMga U~cAiyoM para bhI yaha cira prasanna aura prazAnta hai aura sAgara kI atala gaharAiyoM meM bhI santRpta aura nirAkula hai / isakI mahimA, aNimA aura garimA ko Aja taka koI samajha nahIM sakA / vastuta: ise hI vedavidoM ne neti-neti kahA hai| yaha hI apratyakSa zilpI kA abhivyakta rUpa hai| isI ke kaNa-kaNa ke spandana meM vaha gurutara prakaTa hotA hai / kucha logoM ne ise mAyA kahA hai arthAt jisakA astitva nahIM / jo hai hI nahIM, vahI mAyA hai / mAyA sAMsArika vikAroM kI jananI hai para prakRti to saMsAra kI jananI hai| prakRti aura mAyA meM dvaitAdvaita sambandha hai / jala aura lahareM pRthak hote hue bhI eka haiN| jala sthira hai, lahareM caMcala / laharoM kA udvelana hI azAnti kA kAraka hai aura laharoM kA sama rUpa hI jala kI vAstavika prakRti hai| nirmala, zItala, zAnta sarovara meM hI RSiyoM kA haMsA keli karatA hai| jala hai, isalie lahare haiM / yaha hai miTTI kA anekAntika dRSTikoNa / eka ke astitva para dUsare kA astitva nirbhara to hai para ye anyonyAzrita nahIM haiN| miTTI hai, isalie sukha-dukha, harSa-zoka, roga-bhoga saba kA astitva hai para miTTI ina saba kI kAraka nahIM hai, jananI nahIM hai / usakI goda meM to gulAba aura babUla, kamala aura karIla donoM ko Azraya milatA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 441 upayogitA saba kI hai| dukha ke binA bhI kAma nahIM calatA aura sukha ke binA bhI / eka kI upasthiti meM dUsare kI anupasthiti dukha kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| isalie miTTI kA sandeza hai- samyak jJAna rakho, samyak bano, saba kA upayoga karo, saba kA bhoga kro| bhojana ke SaT rasoM meM mIThA ke sAtha-sAtha caTanI kA bhI eka rasa hotA hai| hA~, sImA kA ullaMghana hI dukha kA hetu hai / ataH saMyama hI jIvana kA iSTa hai| jIvana kalA ke samyak jJAtA banane kA sambodha hI miTTI kA sandeza hai / zilpI ko kisI ne nahIM dekhA, usakI pratIti hotI hai para miTTI to mA~ hai na ? usakA snehila saMsparza isa sAre jagat aura jIva saMsAra ko pratyakSata: romAMcita karatA rahatA hai| Azcarya kA viSaya to yaha hai ki yaha mATI kabhI kucha kahatI nahIM, kabhI kucha mA~gatI nahIM, kisI ke samakSa hAtha nahIM pasAratI / vaha Atma santRpta hai aura vinAza-nirmANa, udbhava - vikAsa, harSa-viSAda sabase pare yaha AtmasvarUpa hai / vaha samasta vidyAoM kA sAgara hai phira bhI vaha nirI mATI hai, sabake caraNoM meM nirlipta bhAva se par3I rahane vAlI eka sAmAnya jIvAtmA jaisI / apane isI rUpa meM vaha saba AtmAoM meM prazAnti kA prakAza bharatI rahatI hai / agara koI usase khela-khilaune aura gharauMde banAtA hai taba bhI vaha mauna hai, agara koI usakA upayoga nahIM karatA taba bhI vaha mUka hai| vaha mUlata: avyayI bhAva hai / vaha yaha bhI nahIM kahatI hai ki maiM vaha mATI hU~ jisameM antataH tumheM bAra-bAra milate rahanA hai| kabIra kI mATI to bar3abolI thI / vaha, kumbhakAra se kahatI thI ki tuma mujhe apane pairoM se kyA rauMdate ho, eka dina aisA bhI hogA ki maiM tumheM rauMda ddaaluuNgii| para AcArya vidyAsAgara kI 'mUkamATI' kI mahAgAthA to zabdAtIta hai, anubhUti agamya hai| vaha eka jaina RSi ke nirmala mAnasa kI satkRti hai / vaha mUka hokara bhI mukharA hai, para vaha Atma stavana nahIM karatI / vaha kAntA - sammata upadeza detI hai / vaha mA~ kI maryAdA meM ba~dhI hai| RSi kI taraha vaha bhI parama jainI hai arthAt usane bhI apanI vividha indriyoM ke sAtha-sAtha mana kA nigraha kara liyA hai / vaha avazA hai / vaha bhautika indriyoM se atIta hai / usa cidambarA ko dekhane aura usake spandana sunane ke lie divya cakSuoM ke sAtha-sAtha divya zrotendriyoM kI bhI AvazyakatA hai / zabda usakA bodha karAne meM asamartha haiM aura yadi usakA bodha hotA hai to vaha usakA zodha nahIM hai| vaha zodha hI hai / vaha svayaM ko bhI jAnane kA eka upakrama hai / vaha Atma sAkSAtkAra kI hI eka prakriyA hai / jisa prakAra kuMkuma - sama mRdu mATI meM bIja evaM mAtrAnukUla nirmala jala milakara nae prANa pA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jJAnI ke padoM meM jA ajJAnI nava jJAna kI prApti karatA hai / asthiratA ko sthiratA milatI hai evaM acira ko ciratA / nitya nUtana parivartana kA yahI rahasya hai / yahI 'mUkamATI' kA svAnubhUta satya hai / isa sandarbha meM kavi kA kathana hai : I " tana meM cetana kA / cirantana nartana hai yaha vaha kauna sI A~kheM haiM / kisa kI, kahA~ haiM jinheM sambhava hai / isa nartana kA darzana yaha ?" (pR. 90 ) yaha mAnavIya kAyA to jar3a kI chAyA hai, mAyA hai, jAyA-sI lagatI hai yaha / jo prakRti ko chor3a, mA~ ko bhUla, isa kAyA-jAyA kI jyAdA cintA karate haiM, prakRti se dUra haTate haiM, unakA jIvana vikAroM aura vikRtiyoM se bhara jAtA hai / vastuta: puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI mokSa hai, jIvana kA rahasya aura sAra hai| isa sandarbha meM AcAryazrI ne likhA hai: " .... "kAyA to kAyA hai / jar3a kI chAyA-mAyA hai / lagatI hai jAyA-sI / " (pR.92) "puruSa prakRti se / yadi dUra hogA / nizcita hI vaha / vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI / mokSa hai, sAra hai / aura / anyatra ramanA ho / bhramanA hai / moha hai, saMsAra hai|" (pR. 93) AcAryazrI kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki vastutaH kAmavRtti, kAyA meM rata hone vAlI tAmasikatA hai / yaha sahI O O
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________________ 442:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA mAyane meM puruSa kI bhItarI kAyaratA hai| isIlie use akAya meM rata honA hogA, tabhI kAya aura kAyaratA - ye donoM anta kAla kI goda meM ananta kAla ke lie vilIna ho jAe~gI : "suno, sahI suno / manoyoga se ! / akAya meM rata ho jA / kAya aura kAyaratA / ye donoM / anta kAla kI goda meM vilIna hoM AgAmI ananta kAla ke lie !" (pR. 94 ) tana kA bala, mana kA bala, mana kI chA~va meM mAna kA panapanA aura namana ke mAdhyama se use vijita karanA, badale kI bhAvanA, parapIr3ana, kAmadeva kA Ayudha, pazcimI sabhyatA, ghana ghamaNDa, kSamA, pApa, bodha, hita, zAzvata sAhitya, vividha rasoM kI prakRtiyA~, moha, mokSa, kavi, kara mA~gatA hai kara, mauna, AsthA, niSThA, pratiSThA, parAkASThA, tana-mana-vacana, puruSa, puruSArtha, astitva, karuNA, saMsAra, 99 aura 63 kA rahasya, zvAna siMha sabhyatA, hI - bhI, ekAnta- anekAnta-darzana Adi jaise zatAdhika prAsaMgika aura gahana viSayoM ke rahasya ko pragItAtmaka unmeSa meM kavi kI vANI kabhI zilpI ke tapa meM to kabhI pratyakSa-apratyakSa rUpa meM spaSTa karatI hai / yaha eka aisA kaThina prayAsa hai jo eka mahAkavi kI sahaja sAdhanA dvArA hI labdha ho sakatA hai / yahA~ hama AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ke kucha atizaya mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para vicAra prastuta kara 'mUkamATI' kI atulita mukhara pratibhA kA udghATana kara rahe haiN| samAjavAda ke sandarbha meM unhoMne likhA hai : " samAja kA artha hotA hai samUha / aura / samUha yAnI sama-samIcIna Uha-vicAra hai / jo sadAcAra kI nIMva hai| kula milAkara artha yaha huA ki / pracAra-prasAra se dUra prazasta AcAra-vicAra vAloM kA / jIvana hI samAjavAda hai / samAjavAda samAjavAda cillAne mAtra se / samAjavAdI nahIM banoge / " (pR. 461 ) dhana saMgraha, aparigraha Adi ke sandarbha meM kavi kA kathana hai : " aba dhana-saMgraha nahIM, / jana-saMgraha karo! / aura/lobha ke vazIbhUta ho / andhAdhundha saMkalita kA/ samucita vitaraNa karo / anyathA, / dhanahInoM meM / corI ke bhAva jAgate haiM, jAge haiN|/ corI mata karo, corI mata karo / yaha kahanA kevala / dharma kA nATaka hai / uparila sabhyatA.. upacAra !/cora itane pApI nahIM hote jitane ki / coroM ko paidA karane vAle // tuma svayaM cora ho / coroM ko pAlate ho / aura / coroM ke janaka bhI " (pR. 467 - 468) - uddharaNa cihnoM meM aMkita uparyukta paMktiyA~ unake kAvya kA mUla aMza haiN| inameM vicAroM kI dhArAvAhikatA ne gadya-padya ke bheda ko bhI samApta kara diyA hai| padyAtmakatA kI aupacArikatA mAtra mukta chanda ke pravAha meM nihita hai / satyAsatya kI vivecanA meM bhI unakI isI gadya aura padya se pare bhAvAtmaka aura vizeSa kara hArdika dukhada saMvegoM ko dhvanita karane vAlI zailI ke darzana hote haiM / yahA~ hama unake dvArA prayukta chanda kA mUla rUpa prastuta kara rahe haiM : "satya kA Atma-samarpaNa / aura vaha bhI / asatya ke sAmane ? / he bhagavan ! yaha kaisA kAla A gayA, / kyA asatya zAsaka banegA aba ? / kyA satya zAsita hogA ? hAya re jauharI ke hATa meM/ Aja hIraka-hAra kI hAra ! / hAya re !, kA~ca kI cakAcauMdha meM marI jA rahI - / hIre kI jhagajhagAhaTa !" (pR. 469 - 470 ) bhAvAbhivyakti kI sahajatA ke sAtha-sAtha bhASAdhikAra kI asAdharaNatA ne ApakI kAvya-kalA ko anyatama banA diyA hai / zabda-krIr3A to Apake isa grantha meM jagaha-jagaha para mila jAtI hai / zabdoM meM kiMcit parivartana karake
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 443 Apane nae-nae artha bharane kA sArthaka prayatna kiyA hai, yathA : "aparAdhI nahIM bano/aparA 'dhI' bano,/ parAdhI' nahIM parAdhIna nahIM/parantu/aparAdhIna bano !" (pR. 477) yahA~ 'aparAdhI' zabda ke vividha vigrahoM se aneka aura sArthaka arthoM kI vyaMjanA huI hai, jisase ApakA yaha kartRtva gaurava maNDita ho uThA hai| prakRti ke ramya citroM kI kamI bhI isa kRti meM nahIM hai| eka sthala para bAla bhAnu kI bhAsvara AbhA kA citraNa karate hue Apa utprekSA karate haiM ki vaha AbhA nirantara uThatI caMcala laharoM meM ulajhatI huI aisI lagatI hai jaise vaha gulAbI sAr3I pahane madavatI abalA-sI snAna karatI-karatI lajjAvaza sakucA rahI hai| isI ke Age ve likhate haiM ki taTa ke jhAga meM aruNa kI AbhA kA mizraNa aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaise taTa svayaM apane karoM meM gulAba kA hAra lekara svAgata meM khar3A huA hai| isa prakAra Adhunika yuga ke hindI mahAkAvyoM meM 'kAmAyanI' aura 'lokAyatana' kI zreNI meM 'mUkamATI' loka maMgala cetanA kA eka agrima sopAna hai / 'kAmAyanI' meM mAnavatA ke vikAsa kI kathA hai to lokAyatana' meM cetanA ke ArohaNa-avarohaNa kA svargika dRzya aura 'mUkamATI' ina donoM ko sudRr3ha Azraya pradAna karatI hai / vaha loka cetanA ke samAjIkaraNa kA mahAkAvya hai / mahAvIra svAmI kI vANI aura jaina dharma-darzana kA jo mUla tattva hai, vaha saba 'mUkamATI' meM mukharita hokara hamAre samakSa AtA hai / isa taraha yaha mahAkAvya gata DhAI hajAra varSoM kI bhAratIya dharma-darzana- saMskRti ke zreSTha manISiyoM kA mAkhana tulya hai / vaha eka aisI mUka pIThikA hai jisa para bhAvI saMskRti kI nIMva rakhI jAnI hai| yaha eka aisI kati hai jise AdhAra banAkara aba hindI ke AcAryoM ko mahAkAvya ke paramparAgata tattvoM se Upara uThakara usake nae AyAmoM ko gar3hanA hogaa| isa taraha 'mUkamATI' kA anveSaNa aura mUlyAMkana nae sAhityika nikaSoM kI mA~ga karatA hai / isameM kavi kA kathAhIna sAMskRtika rahasyAtmaka pariveza use mahAkavi kI U~cAiyoM taka le gayA hai| yaha sahaja, anubhUta, Atmika udgAroM kI eka anavarata aura avirAma abhivyakti hai jisameM gadya-padya kI vibhAjaka rekhAe~ bhI samarasa hokara eka pravAhita sahaja chanda kI saMracanA karatI haiM / yaha mahAkAvya eka sAdhaka-cintaka kavi kA samagra jIvana mUlya hote hue bhI yugIna mAnava jIvana kA bhASya hai, usakA patha, pAtheya aura prAptavya bhI hai / vaha kavi kI sRjanazIla pratibhA kA Adima sarga, upasarga, visarga aura vargAtIta apavarga hai| ___kavi ne apane isa grantha kA samApana karate hue jo antima bAta apane sambandha meM kahI hai, vahI bAta isake mUlyAMkana ke sandarbha meM bhI saca hai : "kSetra kI nahIM,/AcaraNa kI dRSTi se/maiM jahA~ para hU~ vahA~ Akara dekho mujhe,/tumheM hogI merI/sahI-sahI pahacAna kyoMki/Upara se nIce dekhane se/cakkara AtA hai aura/nIce se Upara kA anumAna/lagabhaga galata nikalatA hai|" (pR. 487-488) ata: 'mUkamATI' kA samyak mUlyAMkana koI mukhara zilpI hI kara sakatA hai aura vaha bhI maMz2ila para pahu~cane ke bAda, mArga meM nhiiN|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : manuSya kI yathA-kathA bazIra ahamada mayUkha upaniSad ne sRSTi ke sarjaka ko brahma kahakara pukArA, aura isakA sthAna mAnava mana kI gahana guphA meM btaayaa| kavitA kA udbhava sthala bhI yahI mana hai| isI gahana guphA meM bhAva jagat kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, jahA~ dRzya bhI rahatA hai, draSTA bhI aura dekhane kI prakriyA bhI calatI rahatI hai| lekina cetanA kI carama tallInatA meM aise kSaNa bhI Ate haiM jaba isa bhAva jagat meM dRzya, draSTA evaM dekhane kI prakriyA saba samApta ho jAtI hai| zeSa raha jAtA hai kevala eka sAkSI bhAva, gavAha kI sthiti / lagatA hai sRSTi kA racanAkAra bhI isa sArI prakriyA se guz2arakara eka sAkSI-bhAva meM vyApta ho gayA aura isI sthiti meM huI isa samasta jar3a-cetana, dRzya-adRzya jagat kI srjnaa| mana ke isI sAkSI bhAva se sRSTi kI racanA huI aura racanAkAra kA nAma kahA gayA brahmA' / isa brahma kA eka aura nAma hai 'kvi'| yaha sahI nAma hai, kyoMki kavi bhI sarjaka hai jo zabda brahma kI sRSTi karatA hai / zabda, jo brahma kI hI bhA~ti ajara, amara, avinazvara hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racanAkAra kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara uparokta sabhI sthitiyoM se guz2arate hue jaba sAkSI bhAva ko upalabdha hue to mUkamATI mukhara ho utthii| TUTa gayA dharitrI kA mauna / dharitrI jo dhAraNa kie hue hai akhila bhuvana ko, jala bhUtala ko, samasta jar3a-cetana evaM gatimaya-sthira ko| kavi brahmA ne apanA yaha sArA sRjana kavi ko bheMTa kara diyA aura mantradraSTA RSi 'Rgveda' meM saMghoSa karane lagA : "tubhyemA bhuvanA kave mahimne soma tasthire tubhyamarSanti sindhavaH // " (9-62-27) AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ne isI agama-agocara kA jJAnI-draSTA banakara 'mUkamATI' meM manuSya kI yathA-kathA kahI hai / isa uddezya ko svIkArate hue racanAkAra ne kahA hai : "maiM yathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/vyathAkAra nhiiN| aura/maiM tathAkAra bananA cAhatA hU~/kathAkAra nhiiN| isa lekhanI kI bhI yahI bhAvanA hai-/kRti rahe, saMskRti rahe AgAmI asIma kAla taka/jAgRta"jIvita "ajita! sahaja prakRti kA vaha/zRMgAra-zrIkAra/manahara AkAra le jisameM AkRta hotA hai |/krtaa na rahe, vaha/vizva ke sammukha kabhI bhI viSama - vikRti kA vaha/kSAra-dAra saMsAra/ahaMkAra kA hu~kAra le jisameM jAgRta hotA hai|/aur/hit sva-para kA yaha nizcita nirAkRta hotA hai !" (pR. 245-246) dharitrI kA yaha upahAra milA thA manuSya ko phUla khilAne ke lie, isameM bAg2a lagAne ke lie| lekina vaha to isameM Aga lagA rahA hai, yuddha racAkara apanI hI santAnoM kA bhakSaNa kara pazu bana gayA hai, aura pazuoM meM bhI siMha nahIMzvAna / 'mUkamATI' meM siMha aura zvAna ke mAdhyama se kavi sambodhana karatA hai : "zvAna-jAti kA eka aura/ati nindya karma hai, ki
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 445 jaba kabhI kSudhA se pIr3ita ho/khAdya nahIM milane se / mala para bhI mu~ha mAratA hai vaha,/aura/jaba mala bhI nahIM milatA "to apanI santAna ko hI khA jAtA hai,/kintu, suno !/bhUkha, miTAne hetu siMha viSThA kA sevana nahIM karatA/na hI apane sadyaHjAta zizu kA bhakSaNa"!" (pR. 171-172) Aja paramANu Ayudha banAne vAlI zaktiyA~ apanI hI santAnoM kA bhakSaNa karane kA 'zvAna caritra' hI mukhara kara rahI haiN| manuSya ke mana meM sneha aura zIla guNa to Aja rahA hI nhiiN| isI santrAsa ko abhivyakta karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne 'zIla pAhur3a' meM kahA : _ "sIlaguNavajjidANaM NiratyayaM mANusaM jamma" // 15 // ___ mahAkAvya kA khaNDa do zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' meM jahA~ zabda lAlitya, abhinava zabda vinyAsa tathA bhAvArtha-paryAya kA sundaratama, manorama kathya hai, vahIM prakRti aura prema kA sahaja sambandha sthApita karate hue use vaha mokSa taka pahu~cA detA hai / kavi ghoSaNA karatA hai : "svabhAva se hI/prema hai hamArA/aura/svabhAva meM hI/kSema hai hamArA! puruSa prakRti se/yadi dUra hogA/nizcita hI vaha/vikRti kA pUra hogA puruSa kA prakRti meM ramanA hI/mokSa hai, sAra hai|/aur/anytr ramanA hI bhramanA hai/moha hai, saMsAra hai !" (pR. 93) AtmA kA svabhAva to prema hai kintu isakA zubha-azubha bhAva meM pariNamana bhI ho jAtA hai, jaisA ki AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA 'pravacanasAra' meM kahA gayA hai : "jIvo pariNamadi jadA, suheNa asuheNa vA suho asuho / suddheNa tadA suddho havadi hi pariNAmasanbhAvo" // 9 // grantha kA caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' meM kavi tuccha lakar3I ke mAdhyama se bahuta bar3I bAta kaha jAtA hai : "lar3akhar3AtI lakar3I kI rasanA/rukatI-rukatI phira kahatI hainirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM,/bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI balavAnoM kA bala sArthaka hotA hai|" (pR. 272) lekina DUbate ko bacAnA tabhI sambhava hai jaba bacAne vAle ke sAtha DUbane vAlA bhI bacane kA prayAsa kare / ataH Age kahA gayA: "nIce se nirbala ko Upara uThAte samaya/usake hAtha meM pIr3A ho sakatI hai, usameM uThAnevAle kA doSa nahIM,/uThane kI zakti nahIM honA hI doSa hai|" (pR. 272-273)
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________________ 446 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA patha-pradarzaka kumbha ke mAdhyama se kavi sAkSAt kAvya bana kara bola uThatA hai : "yugoM se vaMza-paramparA se/vaMzIdhara ke adharoM kA/pyAra-pIyUSa milA jise vaha bA~sa-paMkti/mAMsala bA~ha-vAlI/maMgala-kAraka, amaMgala-vAraka toraNa-dvAra kA anukaraNa karatI/kumbha ke padoM meM praNipAta karatI hai svayaM ko dhanya-tamA mAnatI hai|/aur/dRg-binduoN ke miSa haMsa-paramahaMsoM-sI bhUri-zubhrA/vaMza-muktA kI varSA karatI hai|" (pR. 424) duHkha aura AtmA ke sambandha meM kavi apanA AdhyAtmika cintana abhivyakta karate hue kaha uThatA hai : "duHkha AtmA kA svabhAva - dharma nahIM ho sakatA, moha-karma se prabhAvita AtmA kA/vibhAva-pariNamana mAtra hai vaha / naimittika pariNAma kathaMcit parAye haiN|" (pR. 305) 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se hamAre AdhyAtmika deza kA 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kA sandeza bhI dhvanita hotA hai / hamArI mAnyatA hai ki manuSya kA dharma eka hai, manuSya kI saMskRti eka hai aura manuSya kA Izvara eka hai / hamArI dharma dhAraNA vizva bandhutva, prema, karuNA aura vizva zAnti para AdhArita hai, jise samagra dRSTi se dekhane para 'mUkamATI' meM spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai| hamArI dhAraNA hai ki jaba manuSya kI prArthanA meM mahAvIra kA Namo loe savva sAhUNaM, buddha kA 'dhamma saraNaM' samAhita ho jAe, taba dharma kA udaya hotA hai; jaba zaMkarAcArya kI advaita-cetanA, vAtsyAyana kI unmuktatA mana ke tAra jhaMkRta kare, taba dharma kA udaya hotA hai; jaba kSamA aura karuNA ke masIhA IsA, zAnti aura vizva bhAIcAre evaM samAnatA ke svapnadraSTA muhammada manuSya ke mana para dastaka deM, taba dharma kA udaya hotA hai; jaba lAotse, jarathustha aura tAo mAnava mana meM Ananda kI sugandha bhara deM, taba dharma kA udaya hotA hai / avibhAjya haiM ye sAre yuga puruSa aura inakA sandeza / __ mahAkAvya ke mAnadaNDa aura pracalita mAnya paribhASA ke bAre meM kucha kahane kA svayaM ko adhikArI nahIM paataa| kAvya sRjana meM bhI AcAryazrI kA pravacanakAra kavi se kahIM adhika mukhara ho uThA hai| mujhe AcAryazrI kA pravacana sunane kA saubhAgya nahIM milA, lekina merI dhAraNA hai ki unake pravacana bhI kAvya kA-sA Ananda dete hoNge| zabdoM ke paryAya, zabdoM ke sandhi-viccheda rUpa Adi kAvyAtmaka artha dekara unakA kavi rUpa to prakaTa karate hI haiM, manuSya ke mana para sIdhe dastaka bhI dete haiM, dharma kA udaya karate haiN| ___ Apa svayaM ko bhakta mAne, kumbhakAra mAne athavA ghaTa - isa dharma jala ko kitanA bhara pAte haiM, yaha ApakI kSamatA, pAtratA para nirbhara hai| kahIM Apa choTI-sI luTiyA meM to ise nahIM bharanA cAhate ? dharma kA yaha udaya-jala ghaTaghAToM ko bhulAkara nIra kI ekatA para dhyAna kendrita karane para hI upalabdha hogaa| 'mUkamATI' meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ne adhyAtma ke darzana ko pasArA diyA hai / vividha rUpakoM, zabdArthoM ke mAdhyama se apane krAntadraSTA kavi-dharma kA nirvahana kiyA hai / praNamya hai unakA yaha kAvya cintana /
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : andhakAra se prakAza kI ora le jAne vAlA mahAn grantha mAnava muni pUjya AdhyAtmika yogirAja AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja dvArA racita mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ko santakavi ne cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-khaNDa prathama-saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; khaNDa dvitIya-'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM; khaNDa tRtIya-'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' tathA khaNDa caturtha-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh'| 488 pRSThIya yaha grantha mAnava samAja ke lie, jo vicAraka va cintanazIla haiM, Atma tattva ko gaharAI se samajhane kI jinheM jijJAsA hai, unake lie 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke eka-eka khaNDa ke eka-eka zabda Atmabodha dene vAle haiN| saMkSipta meM likhA jAe to 'tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' arthAt andhakAra se prakAza kI ora le jAne vAle isa mahAn grantha ko grantha kahU~ yA AtmasAra kA tattva-darzana kahU~ ! cAroM khaNDoM kA yadi mAnava - jo jJAnI hai, dhyAnI hai, Atma cintaka hai- gaharAI se, zAnta citta se, ekAgratA ke sAtha adhyayana karate hue zabdoM para cintana kare to puruSArtha ke dvArA svayaM jIvana kA kumbhakAra, bhAgya vidhAtA bana sakatA hai| kumbhakAra ne to miTTI ko khodakara bar3I mehanata ke sAtha kacce ghaTa banAkara unheM tapAyA, taba jAkara vo vAstavikatA kA rUpa banA / usI prakAra jIvana ko bhI tapAnA hogA tyAga, saMyama, sAdhanA dvArA, taba hI to vItarAgI apane puruSArtha se arhantadeva bana sakatA hai| _ 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya) ke cAroM khaNDoM para AlocanAtmaka dRSTi se vivecana kiyA jAe, likhA jAe to eka nayA grantha samIkSA kA ho sakatA hai| sAra tattva kA adhyayana sUkSma se sUkSma dRSTi se kiyA jAe to aisA mahasUsa hotA hai ki sAgara ko 'gAgara' meM samA liyA / ise dharma darzana kaheM yA jaina tattva darzana kahA jAe, para vAstavikatA meM yaha mahAkAvyAtmaka racanA, Atmadarzana kI ora le jAne kI preraNA detI hai| mahAkAvya ke cAroM khaNDoM meM vibhinna pahaluoM ke mAdhyama se bodha diyA hai| prathama khaNDa kA sAra tattva hai-'dayAvisuddho dhammo'- yAnI dayA hI vizuddha dharma hai| dUsare khaNDa kA sAra tattva yaha hai ki yadi jIvana ke samaya kA apavyaya karate haiM to kyA bhaviSya usase ujjvala dikhAI degA ? anta meM mRtyu hameM vikarAla gAla meM binA cabAe sAbuta hI nigalanA cAhatI hai arthAt mRtyu hameM anta meM nigala jaaegii| tIsare khaNDa kA mahattvapUrNa sAra tattva yaha hai ki sAdhaka kI antardRSTi meM jaba yaha bhAva jAgRta ho jAegA ki kisI prakAra se kiMcit mAtra bhI bheda nahIM rahe, taba yAtrA ko lakSya taka pahu~cAyA jA skegaa| yadi sAdhaka ke mana meM kisI bhI prakAra se bheda raha jAtA hai to yAtrA pUrNa nahIM hogii| yAtrA bAhya nahIM, antardRSTi se saphala hogii| cauthe khaNDa kA sAra - jise kahA jAe - dUdha se dahI evaM dahI se makkhana nikAlA jAnA hai, use tapAne para ghI prApta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra se hI karmoM ke bandhanoM se mukta hokara karmoM kI nirjarA/kSaya karake nirmala ho jAnA hai - yahI hai 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh'| usI prakAra bandhana rUpa tana-mana aura vacana kA AmUla miTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| jisakA mana mandira nirmala, pavitra ho jAtA hai, rAga-dveSa se rahita ho jAtA hai, use hI vItarAgI kahie yA mokSa pada ke yogya khie| .
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________________ 'mUkamATI': jIvana kA vijJAna DaoN. rAmacandra mAlavIya samIkSya mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA racA gayA hai| hamArA deza apanI AdarzavAdI paramparA ke kAraNa eka ora tyAga ke mAmale meM jAnA jAtA hai vahIM dUsarI ora tapasyA aura jJAna ke mAmale meM bhI Age hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke racayitA AcArya vidyAsAgara jahA~ 'mUkamATI' meM aneka taraha ke Adarza prastuta karate haiM, vahIM tyAgI aura jJAnI ke rUpa meM bhI jAne jAte haiN| bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI dvArA prakAzita yaha mahAkAvya cAra khaNDoM meM hai / aura cAra sau aThAsI pRSThoM meM yaha prakAzita huA hai| dharma aura IzvarIya bhAvanA se otaprota 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya eka darzana vizeSa kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / mahAkAvya kI paramparAgata paribhASAoM se haTakara yadi vicAra kareM to yaha 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya, vastuta: aisA mahAkAvya hai jo paribhASAoM ke aneka pahaluoM ko chUtA hai aura aneka nae pakSoM ko janma detA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke mukhya viSaya haiM-'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; 'puNya kA pAlana: pApa-prakSAlana' evaM 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh'| jaisA ki mahAkAvya kA nAma hai 'mUkamATI', ata: isa ke prathama khaNDa meM mATI kI usa prAthamika dazA ke racane kI prakriyA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai jahA~ vaha choTe rUpa meM kaMkara evaM choTe kaNoM se milI-julI avasthA meM hai| "bhAnu kI nidrA TUTa to gaI hai/parantu abhI vaha/leTA hai mA~ kI mArdava-goda meM,/mukha para aMcala le kara/karavaTeM le rahA hai / prAcI ke adharoM para/manda madhurima muskAna hai/sara para pallA nahIM hai aura siMdUrI dhUla ur3atI-sI/raMgIna-rAga kI AbhA-bhAI hai, bhAI"!" (pR. 1) tAtparya yaha ki kumbhakAra kI kalpanA meM mATI ke maMgala ghaTa ko jo sArthaka rUpa denA cAhA hai, usake lie pahale santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara ne apane tana aura mana ko miTTI kI sugandha se sugandhita kiyA hai aura phira racanA kI hai mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kii| mahAkAvya meM navInatA, bhASika sRjanazIlatA tathA mATI kA mukhya prakriyA sambandhI kAvyacintana rocaka aura hRdayaMgama bhASA meM hai| eka prakAra se mATI sambandhI pUrA vyavasthita vivecana huA hai / mahAkAvya meM Ae mATI viSayaka sUtra aura sandarbha mahattvapUrNa evaM vicAraNIya haiM / mahAkAvya meM mukhyata: cAroM khaNDoM meM AdhunikatA aura usake sandarbha meM sRjanazIlatA, bhASA, saMvedanA, vyaktitva kI svAdhInatA Adi kAvyatattva bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / eka prakAra se 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya satata sRjana karma meM pravRtta prakriyA hai| pichalI aneka mahAkAvyagata dRSTiyoM se haTakara 'mUkamATI' kI kAvya dRSTi meM vizeSatA hai ki yaha amAnya mUlyoM para rukatI nahIM hai varan yaha nirantara vaijJAnika mUlyabodha kI svIkAritA hai : "yaha bAta nirAlI hai, ki/maulika muktAoM kA nidhAna sAgara bhI hai/kAraNa ki muktA kA upAdAna jala hai,/yAnI-jala hI muktA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai ...svayaM dharatI ne sIpa ko prazikSita kara/sAgara meM preSita kiyA hai|" (pR. 192-193) mahAkAvya kI apekSA ke anusAra mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' meM prAkRtika pariveza ke atirikta kAvya sRjana ke
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 449 anya pakSa bhI samAhita hue haiN| mahAkAvya meM mATI viSayaka nAyaka-nAyikA ko khojanA aura unakA pakSa jAnanA bhI atyanta rocaka hai| mAna sakate haiM ki mATI nAyikA aura kumbhakAra nAyaka ho sakatA hai, phira donoM kA prema prasaMga aura bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki mahAkAvya kI racanA paddhati se mAnavIya jIvana darzana paribhASita hotA hai aura isakA darzana Aropita nahIM varan apane prasaMga aura pariveza meM se udghATita hotA huA Age bar3hatA hai : "yuga ke Adi meM/isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai/kumbhakAra ! 'kuM' yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya-/yahA~ para jo bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR.28) mahAkAvya meM kAvya kI dRSTi se zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra kI chaTA aneka nae sandarbho meM prastuta huI hai| isameM zabda kI vyutpatti, kAvya ke antaraMga artha kI jhA~kI ke atirikta artha ke anUThe aura achUte AyAmoM kA bhI darzana hotA hai| zabdoM aura arthoM ke mela se santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara ne mATI aura kumbhakAra ke mAdhyama se yugoM-yugoM kI usa mAnavIya bhAvanA ko vyakta kiyA hai jise Aja taka isa prakAra ke pratIka se koI kavi pUrNa rUpa se vyakta nahIM kara sakA hai / mahAkAvya meM maMgala ghaTa kI sArthakatA guru ke pAda-prakSAlana meM hai, jo kAvya ke pAtroM kA AdhAra hai| ___ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgara ne mahAkAvya ke mAdhyama se zuddha sAttvika bhAvoM dvArA mAnavIya jIvana ke dharma ko puSTa rUpa meM apanA kara 'mUkamATI' kI racanA kI hai / isa mahAkAvya kA prayojana rAjanaitika, zaikSaNika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika kSetroM meM praviSTa huI kurItiyoM ko nirmUla kara yuga ko zubha saMskAroM se saMskArita karanA hai aura bhAratIya saMskRti ko jIvita rakhanA hai, tabhI isa mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa huA hai 'muukmaattii'| [dainika bhAskara, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, 9 janavarI, 1994] pR. 66 ucara-kyA huA? mAnasAsthiti bhI urdhvamukhI hogAI,
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________________ A 'mUkamATI' : antazcetanA kA mahAkAvya navabhArata (dainika), nAgapura (mahArASTra) dharma, darzana, nyAya ko apane garbha meM samAhita kie hue 'mUkamATI' adhyAtma kA eka mahAkAvya hai| adhyAtma ke rahasyamayasAra kA Aja kI bolacAla kI bhASA meM saralIkaraNa karake mukta chanda meM isakI racanA kI gaI hai| hindI sAhitya ke lie yaha mahAkAvya sarvakalyANonmukhI, cirasthAI prakAza stambha hogaa| isake sRjaka svayaM kavirUpI kumbhakAra haiM jinhoMne cintana va manana ko zabdoM kA rUpa dekara kAvya kI racanA kI hai| isameM zabda kA artha, alaMkAroM kI alaukika chaTA, zabdoM, muhAvaroM, sUktiyoM, upamAoM, rasoM va zabdoM kI tor3aphor3a kA anupameya prayoga kara rasarAja ke rUpa meM zAnta rasa' kI sthApanA kI hai| AcAryazrI adhyAtma jIvana ke aise zilpakAra haiM jinhoMne apanI yAtrA pUrNa karane ke lie jinAgama ke vizAla vaibhava ko apanI prajJArUpI painI chainI se, Agama kI agama gaharAiyoM meM chipI rahasyapUrNa ghaTanAoM ko udghATita kara mATI ke mAdhyama se mUla se cUla taka arthAt adholoka, Urdhvaloka, madhyaloka evaM siddhaloka taka kI sthiti kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA hai / maiM to kaha sakatA hU~ ki Aja kA bhautikavAdI mAnava-jise yantroM kA samrAT kaha deM - vaha vAhana yAtrI evaM thAlI pAtrI hokara ke cAroM dhAma hI kyA, sAre bhUmaNDala se gagana maNDala taka kI yAtrA bahuta hI sukhada, saragama saMgIta, Ananda ke sAtha kara sakatA hai, kintu mahAmanA vidyAsAgarajI kI kRti para lekhanI calAnA usase bhI kaI gunA dUbhara, asAdhya kArya hai| kRtikAra ne apane bhAvoM ko yantra-sama-saMyata, nApa-taula kara bhAvoM ke mAdhyama se antara ke udgAra vyakta kara kahA hai ki hiMsaka kI hiMsA karanA hI ahiMsA kA sAmrAjya dazoM dizAoM meM phailAnA hai / ahiMsaka kI hiMsA karanA hiMsA kA tANDava nRtya kara, hiMsA kI krAnti kara zAnti ko tilAMjali denA batalAyA hai| kRti meM naitikatA kA prabala bhAva, satya kA pratizodha, svArtha rahita hArdika bhAvanA va ujjvala uddezya atyadhika pravahamAna hai / yadi koI apanA abhISTa uddezya siddha karanA cAhe to 'mUkamATI' ko par3hakara siddha kara sakatA hai| kAvya meM kevala jaina siddhAntoM kA hI samAveza nahIM kintu sarvadarzana ke sAtha bhAratIya siddhAntoM, vicAroM kA dohana bhI vidyamAna hai / racayitA ni:sandeha bahuzrutavijJa, aitihAsika, rAjanaitika tathA vaijJAnika tathyoM se pUrNatayA suparicita hai / kRti 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH, 'satyameva jayate, 'yato dharmaH tato jayaH' se paripUrNa hai| ___maiM to kaha sakatA hU~ ki kRti kA pratyeka zabda mauna, gUMgA, prazAnta evaM stabdha hai| tuma yadi samajhanA cAhate ho yuga bodha, adhyAtma, vijJAna, siddhAntoM va alaMkAroM kI alaukika hI nahIM - pAralaukika chaTA ko to dRzyAMkita kara par3ho, samajho, manana kara mArmika, maMgaladAyI, gahanatama gaharAI meM DUbo nahIM, apitu DubakI lagAkara mahAmanA kI anta:cetanA ko sparza karane kA prayatna kro| ye gUMge kI miThAI hai| - zAnta bhAva se dArzanika vAGmaya kA parizIlana karane para vidita hotA hai ki jaina darzana ne Izvara ko mAnA to hai kintu Izvara kartRtvavAda ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| kisI vidvAn ne kahA hai ki yadi eka Izvara mAnane ke kAraNa kisI darzana ko Astika saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai to ananta AtmAoM ke lie mukti kA dvAra unmukta karane vAle jaina darzana meM anantaguNita AstikatA svIkAra karanA nyAya saMgata hogaa| kRti kA viSaya itanA nirmala aura prakAzapUrNa hai ki isake Aloka meM hama apanA jIvana ujjvala, divya aura alaukika banA sakate haiN| kahAvata prasiddha hai ki "jo kamme sUrA, so dhamme sUrA" arthAt jo karma puruSArtha meM zUra, parAkramI hotA hai vaha dharma puruSArtha meM bhI zUra hI nahIM, parAkramI evaM mazahUra bhI hotA hai / santa svayaM hI AdarzoM kI pratimUrti hote hue bhI kumbhakAra rUpI guru ke caraNoM meM samarpita ho jAtA hai| ye santa pada dalita, pApa paMka se lipta, nirIha, zuSka, ajIva-nirjIva vastu ke lie bhI ajIba prakAra se sajIva-sama sammAnita kara, kAvya kA viSaya banAkara, mUka vedanAe~, saMvedanAe~, mauna pralApa samajha, cetanA-sama manda-madhura muskAna dekara, SaTrasa vyaMjana-sama praphullita kara, niyAmaka mArgadarzakoM ke lie manobhAvanAoM se otaprota kara jIvana yAtrA ko sArthakatA ke sopAna taka le jAne heta
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 451 prayatnazIla, ceSTArata haiM / ApakI vicAra vRtti ke sabhI pahaluoM ke mUlAdhAra vicAraNIya, mananazIla, mAnavIya zuddha saMvedanA se yukta laharAte sAgara-sama, acintya saundarya ke sAtha gaharI anubhUtiyoM se samAhita haiN| kRtikAra va kRti kA varNana karanA sUrya ke lie dIpaka dikhAne ke samAna hai / parantu kyA kareM, hama sUrya ke lie dIpaka nahIM dikhA rahe, apitu bhaktivaza dIpaka ke mAdhyama se usa sahasra razmipuMja jJAnasUrya kI arcanA kara vandanA kara rahe haiN| Apake kAvya-kalA-kauzala ko dekhane vA isakA pAna karane ke lie hRdaya va A~kheM yugapat macala uThIM / kyA kareM, agara zakti hotI to sahasra netra banAkara dekhate hI nahIM apitu AnandAmRta kA rasAsvAdana bhI kara lete / kisI ne kahA "tujhe dekhU bhI, bAteM bhI karUM kaise A~kha apanA maz2A cAhe, dila apanA maz2A caahe|" mahAkAvya kI tulanA meM jaise hI maiM Age bar3hA to dekhatA hU~ ki jaise 'raghuvaMza', 'meghadUta' (kAlIdAsa), 'sAvitrI' (aravinda), 'vIrAyana' (raghuvIrazaraNa) evaM 'o ahalyA' (DaoN. varmA) Adi kI zRMkhalA meM udita nakSatra-sama 'mUkamATI' bhI apanI eka kar3I jor3atI hai| isameM bAlaka se pAlaka, kaMkara se zaMkara, bIja se vRkSa, bacapana se pacapana tita se pAvana banane kI avarNanIya yAtrA ko pravahamAna kiyA gayA hai| vaise to 'o ahalyA' yA 'raghuvaMza' (kAlIdAsa) ke kAvya kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt vyakti unakI atala gaharAiyoM meM pahu~cakara, unakI AdhArabhUta viSaya vastu ko prApta kara hI letA hai, parantu 'mUkamATI' meM Thosa AdhAra khojanA sindhu meM pheMke gae maNi ke samAna arthAt laharoM meM laharAte rahakara atulanIya taka na pahu~cane ke samAna hai / ina laharoM meM mahAkavi kI tulanA meM sabhI upamAe~ apane Apako baunI yA kAntihIna sUrya-sama anubhava karatI haiN| yahA~ para AcAryazrI kavi haiM, antarmukhI kavi haiM / svAnubhavI hokara anubhava ke AdhAra para antarmukha se lokamaMgala kI kAmanA ko paripUrNa pravAhita kara AtaMka ko samApta karane, rASTra va samAja meM zAnti kA sAmrAjya lAkara mAnavatA ke sudhAra kI bhAvanA kI gaI hai| jaina darzana anya sabhI nAstika darzanoM ko sahI dazA kA darzana karAkara, dizAbodha dekara apanI AstikatA siddha kie binA nahIM raha sakatA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI bhASA evaM bhAvoM ke dhanI haiN| ApakA aneka bhASAoM para asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai| kavitAoM kA vizleSaNa karane meM Apa kuzala evaM siddhahasta haiM / 'mUkamATI' meM bhAva va bhASA kA itanA sundara viniyoga huA hai ki prakRti kA saundarya A~khoM ke sAmane pravAhita hone lagatA hai / bhASA kI prAMjalatA, zabda cayana kI samRddha, subodha zailI dekhakara pAThaka ke mana kA sahaja hI vyAyAma ho jAtA hai / yahA~ para zRMgAra ko bhI zRMgArita kara, navodita vicAroM se samAja ko lAbhAnvita va parimArjita kara, unake utthAna meM divya Aloka-sama eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai / Apane zabdoM va bhAvoM ke mAdhyama se kRti meM jo uccAdarza mUrtimAn kiyA hai, usakI misAla sambhava nahIM hai| sAhitya, sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI triveNI ke saMgama se yukta naitikatA, vyAvahArikatA, rAjanaitika arAjakatA, dhArmika vAtAvaraNa, dhana kI madAndhatA, Arthika asamAnatA va sAmAjika visaMgatiyoM ko apane aMcala meM lekara tathA unakA svarUpa prakaTa kara, vijJAna va darzana ko apane aMcala meM sameTakara, vartamAna itihAsa ke lie eka advitIya bhaNDAra pradAna kiyA hai| sarala aura samanvayatA kA pravahamAn, layabaddha mela biThA kara, satya tathya ke sAtha vizva ke virAT vaibhava ko Apane vividha dRSTi bhaMgimAoM ke mAdhyama se dRzyAMkita kiyA hai| kahA~ taka kaheM, aisA koI bhI kSetra nahIM bacA jo kavi kI kalama se achUtA rahA ho| isameM zabdoM kI tor3aphor3a ke sAtha mAnasika AyAma kara, unameM navIna bhAva jagAkara, nae nUtana bhinna-bhinna artha tathA bhAva pradAna kie haiN| [navabhArata (dainika), nAgapura, mahArASTra, 26 apraila, 1992]
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________________ cintana-pradhAna viziSTa kAvyakRti : 'mUkamATI' DaoN. vedaprakAza amitAbha AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' lagabhaga pA~ca sau pRSThoM meM nibaddha cintana-pradhAna kAvyakRti hai| prastavana' meM lakSmIcandra jaina kA Agraha hai ki ise 'mahAkAvya' mAnA jAe / udAtta kathA, udAtta caritra, udAtta uddezya Adi mahAkAvya kI aneka kasauTiyoM para yaha kRti nyUnAdhika kharI utaregI / ise eka nae kisma kA mahAkAvya mAnA jA sakatA hai / cU~ki isameM jo kucha ghaTita huA hai, vaha saMvAdoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta huA hai, ata: ise 'saMvAda kAvya' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / kavi ne isa kRti ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha'; 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM'; 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' tathA 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh'| pahale khaNDa kA kathAnaka bahuta kSINa hai / kumbhakAra 'maMgala ghaTa' kA nirmANa karane ke lie thor3I sI mATI le AtA hai aura varNa-saMkara mATI se pratikUla tattvoM ko alaga kara usakA parizodhana karatA hai / isa prasaMga ko kavi ne kramaza: dharA-mATI saMvAda, zilpI-mATI saMvAda, zilpI-kaMkara saMvAda, mATI-kaMkara saMvAda, rasanA-rassI saMvAda, machalImachalI saMvAda aura machalI-mATI saMvAda ke mAdhyama se kahA hai / saMvAdoM kA zilpa apanAne se kiMcit nATakIyatA kI sRSTi huI hai aura isase cintana kA bojha thor3A-bahuta halkA huA hai / pratyeka saMvAda koI na koI sandeza yA vicAra-sUtra pAThaka ke hAthoM meM thamA jAtA hai| dharA-mATI saMvAda' meM saMgati kA prabhAva, AsthA kA mahattva aura sAdhanA meM skhalana kI sambhAvanA Adi para gambhIra vicAra-vimarza huA hai| ise kavi kI saphalatA kahA jAnA cAhie ki vaha gambhIra bAtoM ko bhI paricita dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se saralatApUrvaka vyakta kara sakA hai| udAharaNa ke lie nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ : "nirantara abhyAsa ke bAda bhI/skhalana sambhava hai; pratidina-barasoM se/roTI banAtA-khAtA AyA ho vaha tathApi/pAka-zAstrI kI pahalI roTI/karar3I kyoM banatI, beTA !" (pR. 11) pahale khaNDa ke anta meM mATI ke kahane para zilpI machalI ko kue~ meM DAla AtA hai aura 'dayAvisuddho dhammo' kI dhvani-pratidhvani ke sAtha khaNDa samApta ho jAtA hai| dUsare khaNDa meM kaMTaka-mATI saMvAda' se kathA Age bar3hI hai| zilpI phUlI mATI ko rauMda-rauMda kara snigdha banAtA hai| mATI ke bAhuoM se vIra rasa phUTatA hai aura vIra rasa ke vyAja se kavi ko rasa carcA kA suyoga mila jAtA hai / rasa saMvAda paryApta nayApana lie hue hai| kavi ko vIra rasa isalie vareNya nahIM hai ki usase zAnta mAhaula khaulane lagatA hai / hAsya rasa kaSAya hai, usameM gambhIratA-dhIratA kA abhAva hai| rudratA vikRti hai, ata: raudra rasa kAmya nahIM hai / kAma ke sthAna para rAma kI cAhanA zRMgAra se virata karatI hai / karuNA ko sahI sukha nahIM kaha sakate haiN| ata: kavi kI dRSTi meM 'zAnta rasa' rasarAja hai : "saba rasoM kA anta honA hI-/zAnta-rasa hai" (pR. 160) / tIsare khaNDa meM apakva kumbhoM para megha muktA kI varSA hotI hai| rAjA aura usakI maNDalI muktA rAzi ko baToranA cAhatI hai lekina AkAza se varjanA kA svara sunAI detA hai / kumbhakAra muktA rAzi ko ekatra karake rAjA ko samarpita karatA hai| isa bIca prAkRtika prakopa zurU hotA hai lekina bAdaloM se gire ole aura vidyutkaNa kumbha ko kSati pahu~cAne meM samartha siddha nahIM hote| caturtha khaNDa AkAra meM sabase bar3A hai| isameM avA meM kumbha ke pakAe jAne kI prakriyA kA vistRta vivaraNa hai / svarNakalaza IrSyAlu ho uThatA hai ki miTTI kA ghaTa itanA pAvana aura AdaraNIya kaise ho gayA hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 453 kumbha meM bharA pAyasa use batAtA hai ki mATI meM sRjana zakti hai : "mATI meM boyA gayA bIja/samucita anila-salila pA poSaka tattvoM se puSTa-pUrita/sahana guNita ho phalatA hai|" (pR. 365) sphaTika kI jhArI bhI kumbha ke samatulya nahIM hai| AtaMkavAda ke prahAroM se bacate hue antata: pASANa phalaka para baiThe sAdhu ke caraNoM meM kumbha kI yAtrA sampanna hotI hai / aneka saMvAdoM aura aneka pratIka-caritroM ke mAdhyama se niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhanA se hI Atmopalabdhi sambhava hai| saMvAda, dRSTAnta aura niSkarSa-sUtra rUpa meM yahI isa kAvya kI kathana paddhati hai / bIca-bIca meM zabda-krIr3A calatI rahatI hai| 'kalA' meM 'ka' yAnI AtmA-sukha aura 'lA' yAnI lAnA arthAt kalA kA artha hai-sukha denevaalii| jisakA koI ari nahIM, vaha 'nArI' aura jo mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai, vaha 'mahilA' hai| 'kumbhakAra' kA artha haidharatI kA bhAgya-vidhAtA- 'kuM' mAne dharatI aura 'bha' mAne bhAgya / isa taraha kI vyAkhyAe~ sAmAnya pAThakoM aura gambhIra pAThakoM ko samAna rUpa se bA~dhatI haiN| lekina 'gadahA' Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyA meM kevala sAmAnya pAThakoM kA mana rama sakatA hai| sUktiyoM kA vaibhava pUre kAvya meM bikharA huA hai aura ye sabhI jaina darzana kI upapattiyoM se prerita aura pramANita haiN| "IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM" (pR. 2), "iti ke binA/atha kA darzana asambhava !" (pR.33), "gama se yadi bhIti ho/to"suno/zrama se prIti karo" (pR. 355) Adi paMktiyA~ isa sandarbha meM paThanIya haiM / kavi ne yathAsthAna lokoktiyoM kA samAveza kara abhivyaMjanA ko grAhya banAyA hai, hAlA~ki vaha unheM sUktiyoM kI saMjJA (pR.14, pR.135) detA hai / bimba grahaNa karAne ke lie kavi vidyAsAgara ne aprastutoM-pratIkoM kA bahuta sArthaka aura saTIka upayoga kiyA hai| adhikatara aprastuta suparicita haiM ata: arthabodha meM sugamatA hotI hai| "bhAI ko bahanasI' (pR.19), "jvAlAmukhI-sama" (pR. 131), "rAjA kI rAnI yAtrA ke samaya/ranavAsa kI ora nihAratI-sI!" (pR.42), "marAlI-sI banI" (pR. 208) Adi pada prasaMga ke anurUpa aura bhAvAnukUla haiN| lekina nau ke gaNita kI vizada carcA (pR.166-167) camatkArapUrNa hote hue bhI adhika upayukta nahIM lgtii| isI taraha kucha tukabaMdiyA~ halkI haiN| jaise 'phurra-gurra' (pR.12), mathana-vatana (pR.16) Adi / lekina ye chuTapuTa asaMgatiyA~ kAvyakRti ke mahattva ko prabhAvita karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| . 'mUkamATI' mAtra AdhyAtmika saMketoM aura upadezoM kA kAvya nahIM hai| apane samaya aura pariveza ke sandarbha aura samasyAe~ bhI isameM sthAna-sthAna para jhA~katI haiM aura siddha karatI haiM ki jaina muni kI racanA hote hue bhI samAja ke stara para ghaTita ho rahe saMkramaNa se yaha alaga-thalaga nahIM hai| "vetana vAle vatana kI ora/kama dhyAna de pAte haiM" (pR. 123), "artha ko tulA banAnA/arthazAstra kA artha hI nahIM jAnanA hai"(pR. 142) aura "jaba taka jIvita hai AtaMkavAda/ zAnti kA zvAsa le nahIM sakatI/dharatI yaha" (pR. 441) Adi paMktiyoM meM na kevala yuga satya bolatA hai, apitu kavi kA sakArAtmaka soca bhI vyakta huA hai| hAlA~ki 'mUkamATI' Aja kI hindI kavitA kI mukhyadhArA ke mela meM nahIM hai, lekina apanI varNya vastu se lekara abhivyaMjanA taka meM yaha apanI viziSTatA kA pramANa detI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : prajJA kA mahAkAvya pro. (DaoN.) rAmakumAra caturvedI 'caMcala' maiMne 'mUkamATI' ko vihaMgama dRSTi se dekhA hai, lekina merI dRSTi sAmAnya manuSya kI dRSTi to hai hI, eka adhyApaka kI dRSTi, jo sabase khataranAka dRSTi hotI hai, tathA kavi kI dRSTi se bhI dekhA, parakhA hai| maiM jaba vidyArthI thA, tabhI vidyArthI jIvana meM mATI ke Upara eka pustaka likhI thI-'dhUla kA paricaya, jo uttarapradeza zAsana se puraskRta hai / eka saMyoga kI hI bAta hai ki AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke isa grantha kA nAma hai 'mUkamATI' / isake bAda eka anya pustaka 'naI rAha bhI likhI / isameM sabase lambI kavitA 'dhUla' hai| mujhe Arambha se hI dhUla se bar3A prema rahA hai, bar3A lagAva rahA hai kintu maiM AcArya nahIM hU~, na hI dArzanika apitu zuddha hRdayavAdI kavi mAtra dhUla aura mATI ko jaisA dekhatA AyA, use maiMne vidyArthI jIvana meM yUM likhA thA : "mATI se nirmita hama saba haiM, mATI se nirmita dharatI hai| bala athavA nirbalatA samajho, mATI, mATI para maratI hai // " miTTI se bane hue zarIroM kI tAkata bhI miTTI hai aura usakI durbalatA bhI miTTI hai / kaba durbalatA tAkata bana jAtI hai aura kaba tAkata durbalatA bana jAtI hai, ye hama duniyA ke itihAsa ko uThAkara, palaTakara dekheM, paristhitiyoM ke utthAna-patana ko dekheM tathA rASTroM ke utthAna-patana ko dekheM to vaha sArA nakzA/naz2ariyA spaSTa ho jAtA hai - yuga ke Adi se Aja taka kA / Aja bhI kaI nakze DagamagAte dikha rahe haiM saMsAra ke isa mAnacitra meN| pustaka kI bhUmikA meM lakSmIcandrajI ne svayaM kahA hai ki ise mahAkAvya ke prAcIna caukhaToM, lakSaNoM meM bA~dhanA upayukta nahIM hai| hama logoM ke sAtha eka kharAbI hai ki hama mahAkAvya kI purAnI mAnyatAoM, paripATiyoM ko hI aMgIkRta kie hue haiN| mahAkAvya mAnane, jAnane ke lie kramaza: kAvya ke kathAnaka, pAtra, unake caritra, nAyaka, nagara bhramaNa kA varNana, nAyikA ityAdi rUpa se sArI kasauTiyA~ yadi lagAe~ge to kahanA par3atA hai ki nissandeha 'mUkamATI', jo prajJA kA mahAkAvya hai, zAyada hI usa kasauTI yA caukhaTe meM kahIM bhI smaaegaa| yadi ise khaNDakAvya kahane kA prayAsa kiyA jAe to khaNDakAvya meM jIvana kA AMzika citraNa huA karatA hai, sampUrNa citraNa nahIM / vaha samagratA rUpa jIvana ko nahIM dekhatA apitu jIvana kI kisI eka kathA athavA kisI eka pakSa ko letA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM mATI kI prArambha se lekara anta taka kI yAtrA hai, ata: ise khaNDakAvya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 'mATI' kA kauna-sA khaNDa ho sakatA hai ? jisakA kaNa hI brahmA hai, usakA khaNDa ke rUpa meM kauna darzana kara sakatA hai ? vaha to akhaNDa hai / yaha to hamArI hI vizleSaNakArI mati hai jo usako bhI vikhaNDita karake dekhatI hai, anyathA dharatI to akhaNDita hI hai| purAne kaviyoM ne bhI kahA hai : "sabai bhUmi gopAla kI yAmeM aTaka khaaN| jAkaimana meM aTaka hai so hI aTaka rahA // " vartamAna samaya meM koI kahatA hai merI itanI bIghA jamIna yA z2amIMdArI athavA rAjAoM ke rAjya cale gae, z2amIMdAriyA~ naSTa ho gaIM athavA z2amIMdAra hI cale ge| dasa-bIsa ekar3a vAle bhUmipati banate haiN| bhUmipati to ve hI haiM jisane sabako bhUmi dI hai| merI dRSTi meM 'mUkamATI' bhUmi kA darzana hai / AcAryazrI ne mATI ko nadI aura samudra taTa para jAkara dekhA hai / tala kA nirmANa mATI hI karatI hai| bar3e se bar3e gahare samudra ke taTa kA nirmANa dharatI para hI hotA hai| ata: aise vistRta, vizAla samudra ke taTa para khar3e hokara AcAryazrI ne dharatI kA avalokana kiyA hai / cU~ki AcAryazrI sAdhutva rUpa meM haiM, ata: eka siddha tathA zreSTha sAdhaka hone ke kAraNa mere khyAla se sambhava hai unhoMne mATI ko AkAza se
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 455 bhI dekhA ho, U~cAI se bhI dekhakara parakhA ho| hamAre pUrvajoM ne isa mATI ko azvakrAnta, rathAkrAnta, viSNukrAnta kahA hai aura ve prAta: zayyA se uThakara dharatI kA hAthoM se sparza karake kSamA yAcanA karate hue kahate haiM-'he vizAlahRdayA ! mujhe kSamA kro| tuma to sira se chUne lAyaka ho aura maiM tumheM paira se chU rahA hU~, ata: mujhe kSamA kara do|' ata: isa mRttikA, miTTI kA mahattva nizcayata: adhika zreSTha hai / isa miTTI ke kAraNa hI saMsAra mRtyuloka kahalAtA hai / jAyasI ne bhI kahA hai ki jo yahA~ udita hotA hai, isa mRtyuloka meM usakA asta bhI sunizcita hai| jo uThatA hai usakA patita honA bhI sunizcita hai| mATI meM eka guNa aura hai ki havA ise ur3A kara le jAtI hai lekina dharatI para hI vApisa lauTatI hai| mere khyAla se santoM, AcAryoM kI cetanA aura bhI adhika gahana, sUkSma hotI hogii| kintu mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki bhUlokavAsiyoM ko AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se yaha batalAyA hai ki candramA para utarane vAle vaijJAniko!, maMgalabudha-sUrya-bRhaspati kI dizA meM khojI rAkeTa bhejane vAle vaijJAniko!, bauddhika prANiyo!, vijJAnavAdiyo ! athavA bhautikavAdiyo ! tuma abhI dUsare graha-nakSatra kA hI anusandhAna kara rahe ho / kabhI apanI mATI, apanI nija dharatI ke dharAtala para bhI utaro aura usako pahacAno / isakI samasyAoM ko pahacAno, dekho aura usake nirAkaraNa ke lie bhI prayAsarata ho / yaha mATI jise tuma kharAba samajhate ho, vaha tumhArI 'mA~' hai| dharatI para jitanA bhI sRjana huA hai vaha saba isI dharAtala para hI huA hai, ata: sabakI jananI yahI dharatI 'mA~' hai| ise hI AcAryazrI ne vizeSaNa kA rUpa diyA hai'muukmaattii'| __mere khyAla se dharatI para jitanI bhI abhivyaktiyA~ haiM, jitanI vANI aura dhvaniyA~ haiM, jitane bhI zabda haiM ve sabhI isI mUkatA se hI janme haiN| 'gItA' jaise vAGmaya meM bhagavAn kRSNa ne dhanaMjaya arjuna se kahA-'satya bolo' / tabhI lokAcAra ko dekhate hue kahA-'priya bolo| apriyavacana/zabda mata bolo'| ye to miTTI/dharatI para rahane kA vyavahAra hai| dharatI para AdamiyoM ke jitane rizte haiM vo bhI vANI ke jarie se hI hote haiN| zabdoM kA likhita rUpa to bAda meM huA pahale to uccarita vANI hI hai, ataeva isa deza meM vANI kA mahattva hai / zabda ko bar3A mAnA jAtA hai / avivekapUrNa vArtAlApa karane se vANI kA mahattva calA jAtA hai| isIlie santajanoM ne kahA hai- 'vANI kA saMyama karo, phira bolo|' sajjana puruSa ke milane para, vicArazIlajana milane para unase bolane kA upadeza AcAryoM, santoM kA sadaiva rahA hai'santajana mileM so kachu to kahie / milahiM asanta to mauna hI rhie|' asanta/asAdhujana ke sAmane vANI kA apavyaya nahIM karanA caahie| . 'mUkamATI' ke mauna ke andara jo dhairya, sahiSNutA, gahanatA hai aura usameM jo gambhIratA, utpAdakatA evaM sRjanazIlatA guNa hai vaha DhiMDhorA nahIM pITatA, apitu cupa hI rahatA hai| hamAre gharoM meM hamArI janma dene vAlI vRddha mAtAe~ 80-85 varSa kI hote hue bhI baiThI rahatI haiM athavA sabakI bAteM maunapUrvaka sunatI rahatI haiN| kintu jaba bolatI haiM to kalyANakArI bAteM hI batalAtI haiM, akalyANakArI/ahitakArI bAteM nhiiN| ThIka isake viparIta krama meM Ajakala ke lar3ake dinabhara hI bahuta kucha bolate hI rahate haiN| 'mUkamATI' ke mAdhyama se AcAryazrI ne sambhavata: yahI kahane ke koziza kI hai ki mATI kA jo mauna hai aura isa mauna ke pIche jo darzana hai, vaha viziSTa preraNA hai, divya saMgIta hai / use grahaNa karanA hI hama sabhI ke lie zreyaskara dazA hai| 'mUkamATI' khaNDakAvya hai yA mahAkAvya, isa bahasa ke cakkara meM prastavanakAra' kI taraha mujhe nahIM ghUmanA, kyoMki una mAnadaNDoM meM yaha kRti AtI hI nahIM hai| AdhyAtmika pariveza kI yaha maulika kRti hai, apane DhaMga kI eka tejasvI kRti hai| kavitA meM kyA hotA hai ? bihArI ne 700 dohe likhe aura sarvazreSTha kaviyoM kI prathama paMkti meM unake 700 dohe hI apanI zreSThatA darzAte haiN| bihArI ne 'satasaI meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki sAhitya ko gAr3I yA tarAjuoM se nahIM nApA jAtA / kabIra ne kahA- "hIrA pAyo gA~Tha gaThiyAo, bAra-bAra vaha kyoM khole, mana meM cUhA kyoM bole ?" are !,
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________________ 456 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA jisake pAsa hIrA hai use aMTI meM lagA lo, usakA pracAra-prasAra athavA use bAra-bAra kholakara dekhane se cora-DakaitoM ko kyoM corI hetu AmantraNa dete ho ? kintu jJAna aisA nahIM rahatA / isa ratna ko pahacAnane ke lie jauharI kI A~kha caahie| 'bihArI' kahate haiM : "gaMdhI gaMdha gulAba ko gavaI gAvata kauna ? kara phulela ko Acamana gauTha rahe saba mauna // " arthAt gA~va meM kisAna yA grAmINa ke hAtha meM itra hai, jo gandhayukta hokara bhI svAda kI apekSA kar3avA hotA hai / aise itra ko hAtha meM lekara vaha ghI yA tela ke samAna use bhI cATa gyaa| phira bhI kahatA kyA hai ? 'mITho kahata traay|' usakA kyA kahanA, vaha to itra ko mIThA kahatA hai jo cakhane meM kar3avA hotA hai aura usakA viziSTa/khAsa guNa jo gandha hotI hai usake bAre meM kucha bhI nahIM kahatA, jAnatA, batalAtA / 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne miTTI kI pahicAna, miTTI kI chuvana ke rUpa meM rUpakAtmaka abhivyakti kI hai| usameM jahA~ kaMkara pratIka haiM to vahIM miTTI bhI pratIka hai evaM kumbhakAra bhI pratIka hai| isIlie 'mUkamATI' pratIkAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| miTTI ke sAtha rahate hue bhI miTTI meM nahIM ghulane/milane vAle kaMkara, jise varNahIna kahakara haTA diyA gayA hai, use usase pRthak kara diyA hai / miTTI ko kUTA, chAnA gayA aura kaMkara ko haTA diyA gayA, kyoMki ghaTa nirmANa eka varNa kI, eka jaisI miTTI dvArA hI sambhava hai / nirmANa eka varNa yA eka tattva ke dvArA hotA hai, kyoMki mRdu meM yadi karkazapanA A jAya to kArya bar3A muzkila ho jAegA / ataeva ghaTa nirmANa kArya meM lage kumbhakAra ke hAtha ko nirmANa prakriyA meM saralatA, sahajatA prApta ho gii| kumbhakAra jo pahale nAyaka ke rUpa meM thA use aba maiM nAyaka nahIM mAnatA apitu kumbhakAra hai nirmAtA, rUpa denevAlA jo hamAre yahA~ 'guru' jaise ucca darje se jAnA, pahacAnA jAtA hai| prAyaH jyAdAtara loga paramparAvAdI hote haiM, purANapanthI hote haiM tathA loka veda kI jo maryAdA hamAre gharoM meM A rahI hai, usI ke pichalaggU bana usI ke pIche daur3ate cale jA rahe haiN| kabIra kahate haiM : "pAche bhAgA jAta thA loka veda ke saath| Age to sadguru milA dIpaka dIyA hAtha // " yaha gatAnugatikatA kI bhIr3a calI jA rahI hai aura hama gati paramparA se usameM cale jA rahe haiN| kabIra ne yaha nahIM kahA ki sadguru pIche se daur3ate hue Akara ziSya ke hAthoM meM alAdIna kA cirAg2a rakha dete haiM apitu vaha batalAte hue kahate haiM-'Age to sadguru milaa|' arthAt usa pravAha kI dazA meM bhI guru cintana krAntikArI rUpa se viparIta dizA se Akara patha ke bhaTakAva se bacane ke lie hamAre hAtha meM dIpaka rakhatA hai| usa dIpaka se jo prakAza milatA hai usase ziSya kI z2indagI jagamagA uThatI hai| miTTI sanAtana hai aura usameM guNa-doSa bhI sanAtana haiN| lekina vahI miTTI jaba kisI kuzala gururUpI kumbhakAra ke hAtha laga jAtI hai to usake hAtha se bane hue ghar3e ke nAma ke Age eka vizeSaNa aura lagAyA jAtA hai- 'maMgala ghtt'| yaha mAtra khAlI ghaTa nahIM hai isIlie 'mUkamATI' kI kathA kA eka pAtra jo svarNa ghaTa hai vaha isakI pavitratA/uccatA se IrSyA karatA hai / svarNa kalaza ko miTTI ke isa maMgala ghaTa se isalie IrSyA hotI hai, kyoMki sone ke ghaTa kA jo cintana hai vaha akalyANakArI hai jabaki miTTI ke maMgala ghaTa kA cintana kalyANakArI hai| tabhI to vaha guru ke caraNa pakhArane ke kAma AtA hai| nyAyazIla pavitra uddezya ke lie hI usakA jIvana hai| usase usakA uddezya sArthaka ho jAtA hai| yahI mATI kI sArthakatA kA pratIka hai / mATI, jise sabase hIna samajhakara sabhI kucalate haiM, pada dalita mAnI jAtI hai kintu jahA~ mAtRbhUmi kI garimA, gaurava kI bAta AtI hai, vahA~ hama kahate hI haiM-'isa miTTI kA tilaka karo yaha mATI hai balidAna
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 457 kI'- yAnI vaha nirIha mATI bhI candana-sama mUlyavAn ho jAtI hai| AcAryazrI ne 'mUkamATI' meM zrama evaM dharma kI sArthakatA tathA usake phala kI bhI abhivyakti kI hai, kumbhakAra ke ghara para motiyoM kI varSA ke mAdhyama se / rAjA usake lAlaca meM par3akara use boroM meM bharavAkara le jAnA cAhatA hai| tabhI AkAzavANI hotI hai ki yaha pApa kArya hogA / anya ke dhana kA saMgraha karanA pApa hai, corI hai| dUsare ke dvArA arjita dhana kA haraNa karanA pApa hai / yaha motiyoM kI varSA to kumbhakAra ke dvArA kie gae zrama kI phalazruti hai, ata: ise kyoM lete ho ? kintu kumbhakAra to aparigrahavRtti kA dhAraka thA, ataeva sampUrNa muktA rAzi rAjA ko samarpita kara detA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne AsthA aura vizvAsa ke prati hameM vizvAsa dilAyA hai ki anubhUti milegI, vizvAsa ko dhairyatApUrvaka dhAraNa karane para / kintu vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI, mArga meM nahIM, maMz2ila para / isI bhA~ti isa mahAkAvya ke lakSya ke anurUpa hI hameM miTTI ke samAna hI apane andara bhI AsthA evaM miTTI ke jaisI hI pratiSThA prApti hetu dhairyatA dhAraNa karanI hogii| maiM 'mUkamATI' ko mahAkAvya isalie kaha rahA hU~, kyoMki jo kavitA mahAn hotI hai vahI mahAkAvya hai, aisI hI vartamAna meM mahAkAvya kI naI paribhASA mAnI jAtI hai / jo kavitA mahAn hotI hai vaha avazya hI manuSya ko kalyANakArI mArga para le jAtI hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI ne bhI kahA hai- "kIrati bhaniti bhUti bhali soI / surasari sama saba kaha~ hita hoii|" aise hita-kalyANakArI bhAvoM se maNDita kavitA hI lokahita sampAdana karanevAlI hotI hai / mATI ko dharAtala se uThAkara jIvana ke uccazikhara taka le jAne vAlI kavitA ko mahAkAvya hI kahA jaaegaa| ise geyarUpa meM chanda kA rUpa denA ho to 'svacchanda chanda' se hI abhimaNDita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zailI kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' meM 'yAda' ko 'dayA' Adi varNa-viloma kI paddhati apanAI gaI hai| ise maiM kavikrIr3A ke antargata mAnatA huuN| yaha zabda yA vANI vilAsa hai, jaisA ki anuprAsa yA zleSa Adi alaMkAroM meM bhI huA karatA hai / itanA avazya hai ki 'mUkamATI' meM AcAryazrI ne jo prayoga kie haiM ve eka yaugika kriyA ke samAna haiM jisameM zabda jisa artha ko talAza rahA hai vaha jaba sIdhA khar3A hokara zIrSAsana karane lagatA hai to usa artha ko pA jAtA hai / isa yoga-kriyA meM AcAryazrI siddhahasta haiM jisase phalita hai ki unakA zabdoM para itanA adhikAra hai ki ve zabda, pada athavA caraNa unake AjJAkArI ke samAna ho gae haiM jo sIdhe athavA zIrSAsana karake bhI zabda evaM artha ko sAmane upasthita kara dete haiN| eka hI zabda ke andara kaI artha gumphita hote haiN| unheM hI kavi apanI kuzalatA se kaMjUsIpUrvaka prayogakara aneka arthoM meM prayoga kara lete haiN| 'senApati' kavi ne eka hI prayoga meM kaMjUsa aura dAtA ke do artha bhara die hai / dekhie'thor3e mA~ge bahu dena kaheM, mA~gana ko dekha paTa bAra-bAra kholata haiN| isameM bhikhArI ko mA~gate dekha kaMjUsI artha meM jahA~ dene ko inakAra karate hue ghara ke kapATa banda kara lene kA saMketa hai to vahIM dAtA artha meM thor3e mA~gane para bahuta dene evaM bArabAra daravAje kholakara dene ke lie udyata hone kA bhI artha bharA huA hai / ata: aise prayoga kaviyoM kI zabdazakti, vAkzakti ke prayoga haiM jo ki vANI vilAsa haiN| 'mUkamATI' ko vihaMgama dRSTi se hI dekhane para isameM jahA~ vANI vilAsa prApta hai vahIM zabda evaM vAkzakti, jo kaviyoM ke lie hathiyAra ke samAna hai, aisI abhidhA kA camatkAra to kahIM lakSaNA kI chaTA, vyaMjanA kI mohakatA aura alaMkAroM evaM anuprAsoM kA camatkAra to pade-pade dekhane ko mila jAtA hai / anta meM 'siyArAma zaraNa' kI ina paMktiyoM se samApta karatA hU~ : "tere puNya salila se prabhu hai, merI gAgara bhrii-bhrii| kama kyA, kama kyA, kama kyA itanI kSudhA-pipAsA hrii-hrii||"
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________________ tattva darzana se bharI-pUrI kavitA ko sameTe 'mUkamATI' kailAza candra panta 'mUkamATI' eka jaina muni kI kAvya kRti hai| eka muni aura kavitA ? - prazna Andolita karatA hai| lekina sahaja hI kisI bAta ko sthApanA banA lenA yA qhArija kara denA ucita nahIM hogaa| kAvya hai to use kavitA kI kasauTI se guz2aranA par3egA / yaha kaha kara hama baca nahIM sakate ki AdhyAtmika sUtroM kA ullekha eka muni ke lie svAbhAvika hai| 'mUkamATI' kAvya hai yA adhyAtma, yaha to taya karanA hI hogaa| "lo!..idhara...!/adha-khulI kamalinI/DUbate cA~da kI cA~danI ko bhI nahIM dekhatI/A~kheM khola kr| IrSyA para vijaya prApta karanA/saba ke vaza kI bAta nahIM, aura vaha bhI.. strI-paryAya meM-/anahonI-sI''ghaTanA !" (pR. 2) prathama pA~ca paMktiyoM meM kAvya kA mAdhurya hai, para antima paMktiyoM kI sapATa bayAnI eka upadezaka kI sapATa bayAnI hai / abhivyakti kI yaha zailI 'mUkamATI' kI kAvyAtmakatA para praznacihna lagAtI hai| isI prakAra kA eka anya uddharaNa bhI prastuta karanA samIcIna hogA : "dUsare duHkhita na hoM/mukha para yUMghaTa lAtI hU~/ghuTana chupAtI-chupAtI/.."cUMTa pItI hI jA rahI hU~,/kevala kahane ko/jItI hI A rahI huuN|" (pR. 5) kavi kI yaha anubhUti kitanI marmasparzI hai| lekina vidyAsAgarajI kA muni zAyada saceta ho uThatA hai aura Age hI vaha kaha dete haiM : "isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ?/isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ?" (pR.5) aisA lagatA hai ki kavi aura muni, jo vidyAsAgarajI meM ekAkAra hue haiM, unameM paraspara dvandva hai / ve zAyada yaha mAna kara hI racanA kara rahe haiM ki unakA uddezya jaina darzana ke tattvoM ko jana bhASA meM sAmAnya jana taka pahu~cAnA hai| munizrI svayaM svIkAra karate haiM : "jisa ke avalokana se/sukha kA samudbhava - sampAdana ho sahI sAhitya vahI hai/anyathA,/surabhi se virahita puSpa-sama sukha kA rAhitya hai vaha/sAra-zUnya zabda-jhuNDa'!" (pR. 111) yaha sthApanA sAhitya ke uddezya para eka purAnI bahasa ko nae sire se uThAtI hai / satya, ziva aura sundara kI avadhAraNA para varSoM bahasa calI hai jo abhI samApta nahIM huI hai| hamAre kAvya zAstra meM bhI rasoM kI zreSThatA para vyAkhyAe~ huI haiM aura karuNa rasa ke pakSa meM niSkarSa nikAle gae haiN| Aja kI zabdAvalI meM saMvedanA jise kahA jAtA hai, vaha karuNA kA hI nikhAra hai| lekina ina saba paramparAoM se vidroha kara jo kavitA racI gaI, use zabdoM kA jhuNDa mAnakara nakArA to nahIM jA sktaa| jise sAra-zUnyatA kahA jA rahA hai, usameM bhI kucha sAra to hotA hI hai, kyoMki zUnya apane Apa meM kucha nahIM hotaa| phira yaha bhI sahI hai ki jIvana kA sAra kyA hai, ise mAnane aura samajhane kI svatantratA pratyeka racanAkAra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 459 ko hai| eka racanAkAra ke rUpa meM zrI vidyAsAgarajI svayaM kavi hone kA dAvA nahIM krte| ve bahuta sAfa zabdoM meM grantha ke anta meM kahate haiM : "isa para bhI yadi/tumheM/zramaNa-sAdhanA ke viSaya meM aura akSaya sukha-sambandha meM vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA ho/to phira aba antima kucha kahatA hU~/ki,/...zabdoM para vizvAsa lAo!" (pR. 487-488) yaha Agraha kavi kA nahIM ho sakatA hai, santa yA muni kA yA kisI paig2ambara kA z2arUra ho sakatA hai| ___ yaha mAnakara calanA cAhie ki koI kAvya grantha kisI tattva darzana kA vivecana hI na kare athavA kavitA ke lie adhyAtma sarvathA aspRzya hai, eka galata AdhAra bhUmi para khar3e rahanA hogaa| lekina AdhyAtmika grantha ko kAvya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki kavi ko kavi hI rahanA hotA hai, upadezaka yA muni kI bhUmikA se bacanA hotA hai| ___itanA saba kaha lene ke bAda yaha svIkAra karane meM mujhe koI jhijhaka nahIM hai ki muni zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne jaina darzana ke gUr3ha tattvoM ko sarala bhASA meM samajhAne kI ceSTA kI hai aura 'mUkamATI' meM unakA bhAvuka pakSa sampUrNa kAvyAtmaka rAgAtmakatA ke sAtha abhivyakta huA hai| pAThakoM ko bA~dhane vAle isa grantha ke lie unakA abhinandana hI kiyA jaaegaa| pRSTharapUra-251 phUla ne pavana ko---- aura koI prayojanA nahIM- haaN|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : sampUrNa jIvana darzana kA sAra sampAdaka - digambara jaina mahAsamiti patrikA sacce tapasvI va santa kA dhyeya hara vastu meM aise adhyAtma tattva kI khoja karanA rahatA hai jo usake AtmakalyANa ke mArga meM aura sahAyaka ho sake / paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne mATI jaisI akiMcana vastu meM jisa adhyAtma va carama bhavyatA ke darzana kie haiM, vaha vastuta: alaukika hai / mATI ko AdhAra banAkara samasta jIvana darzana ko kholakara rakha denA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI jaise tape hue santa ke bUte kI hI bAta thii| jisa mahAsanta ne apanA sampUrNa yauvana gahana tapasyA aura aTUTa sAdhanA kI bheMTa car3hA diyA ho vahI mATI jaisI tuccha vastu kI antarvedanA ko sAkAra rUpa dene meM sakSama hai| 'mUkamATI' aisA mahAkAvya hai jisameM racanAkAra kI sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha unakI kAvya pratibhA bhI apane sampUrNa rUpa meM parilakSita huI hai / para koI bhI pAThaka isa mahAkAvya kA sahI mAyane meM tabhI rasAsvAdana kara sakatA hai jaba vaha isake bhAvoM meM DUba jaay| UparI mana se isake paThana se kevala isakA sAhityika Ananda hI uThAyA jA AcAryazrI ne mATI kI vedanA-vyathA ko kitane mArmika rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai : "svayaM patitA hU~/aura pAtitA hU~ auroM se,/- adhama pApiyoM se pada-dalitA hU~ mA~ !/sukha-muktA hU~/duHkha-yuktA hU~ tiraskRta tyaktA hU~ mA~ !/isakI pIr3A avyaktA hai| vyakta kisake sammukha karU~!/...isa paryAya kI/iti kaba hogI ? isa kAyA kI/cyuti kaba hogI ?/batA do, mA~ "ise !" (pR. 4-5) kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI 'mUkamATI' pUrNa hai| isameM koI kora-kasara nahIM hai| nae zabdoM kI vyutpatti aura unakA upayoga dekhane lAyaka hai| eka bAnagI : "yuga ke Adi meM/isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai/kumbhakAra ! 'kuM yAnI dharatI/aura/'bha' yAnI bhAgya yahA~ para jo/bhAgyavAn bhAgya-vidhAtA ho/kumbhakAra kahalAtA hai|" (pR. 28) AcAryazrI kA rAkha' meM Atma-darzana to adbhuta hI hai : "tana aura mana ko/tapa kI Aga meM/tapA-tapA kara/jalA-jalA kara rAkha karanA hogA/yatanA ghora karanA hogA/tabhI kahIM cetana - AtmA kharA utregaa|/khraa zabda bhI svayaM/vilomarUpa se kaha rahA hai rAkha bane binA/kharA-darzana kahA~ ?/raa"kh"kh"raa"|" (pR.57) cAra khaNDoM -(1) saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha (2) zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM (3) puNya kA pAlana: pApa-prakSAlana aura (4) agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha- meM vibhakta santa kavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke isa mahAkAvya meM mATI kI sampUrNa dazAoM kA atyanta hRdayagrAhI varNana hai / isameM kathAnaka kA bhI abhAva nahIM hai para vaha tabhI hRdayaMgama hogA, jaba pAThaka unhIM bhAvoM se unheM pddh'eN| adhyAtma aura kAvya rasa se sarAbora AcAryazrI kI yaha kRti vastutaH abhinandanIya hai| [sampAdaka : digambara jaina mahAsamiti patrikA (pakSika), jayapura (rAja.), 15 janavarI, 1989] LI
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI bar3I upalabdhi ___DaoN. vIrendra kumAra dube AcArya vidyAsAgara, jinheM AcArya pada se sammAnita kiyA gayA hai, Apane hindI, saMskRta tathA aMgrejI Adi meM vibhinna prakAra kI racanAoM kA sRjana kiyA hai aura rASTrIya stara para khyAti arjita kara rahe haiN| ve nirantara grAma, nagara tathA tIrthakSetroM meM apane vacanAmRta ke dvArA janakalyANa ke sAtha hI AtmasAdhanA bhI kara rahe haiN| dharma,darzana evaM AdhyAtmika sAra ko Aja kI bhASA evaM mukta chanda kI kAvyazailI meM nibaddha kara kavitA/racanA ko zabda camatkAra ke dvArA bA~dhakara karmabaddha AtmA kI vizuddhi kI ora bar3hatI huI maMz2ila rUpa mukti yAtrA ko apane vicAroM ke dvArA mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' meM saMkalita kiyA hai| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA sRjana Adhunika bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka bar3I upalabdhi hai / isameM 'mATI' jaisI mUka, AkiMcanya, pada-dalita aura tuccha vastu ko mahAkAvya kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| 'mUkamATI' meM prastuta kavitAe~ pAThaka ko adhyAtma ke sAtha a-bheda kI sthiti taka pahu~cAtI haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgara kI yaha kati 'makamATI' mAtra kavi karma hI nahIM hai balki vaha santa kI AtmA bhI hai / santa kI AtmA kaThora sAdhanA kA jIvanta pratirUpa hai, jo sAdhanA se prApta Atma vizuddhi kI maMz2iloM ko sAvadhAnI se sabake hRdaya meM guMjita, prasphurita kara rahA hai / ye santa tapasyA se arjita jIvana darzana ko anubhUti meM racA-pacA kara sabake/prANImAtra ke hRdayoM meM guMjarita kara denA cAhate haiN| __'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya 488 pRSTha meM samAhita hai| isameM kumudinI, kamalinI, cA~da, tAre, sugandha pavana, saritA taTa Adi ke dvArA prAkRtika varNana/saundarya dArzanika rUpa se vyakta hai tathA mahAkAvya kI apekSAoM ke anurUpa hI prAkRtika pariveza meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / mahAkAvya kI dRSTi se 'mUkamATI' meM zabdoM aura arthoM ko mohaka rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM zabda sAdhanA ke dvArA nArI, sutA, duhitA, kumArI, strI, abalA Adi ke bAre meM AsthA aura Adara bhAva prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prathama khaNDa 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' (pRSTha 1 se 88) meM hama dekhate haiM ki vistRta vANI ke Azaya meM prAthamika dazA meM miTTI kI usa prakriyA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai jahA~ vaha vibhinna prakAra kI milI-julI avasthA meM hai| pragati patha para bar3hane hetu 'mUkamATI' ke dvArA zuddha dazA ko prApta karane kA pravacana diyA gayA hai| ___ dvitIya khaNDa 'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nahIM' (pRSTha 89 se 187) meM kuMkuma-sama mRdu mATI ko khodane kI prakriyA meM kumbhakAra kI kudAlI eka kA~Te ke mAthe para jA lagatI hai - usa kSaNa/dazA kA atyanta mArmika DhaMga se varNana kiyA gayA hai / kumbhakAra kI kudAlI se kyA ho sakatA hai, usakA varNana hai tathA kA~Te ke dvArA badalA lene kI bhAvanA/pratikriyA svarUpa vicAra bhI rakhe haiM aura isI mAdhyama se apane cintana ko sAmane prastuta kiyA hai / isI meM saMgIta kI antaraMga prakRti zRMgAra rasa ko aura kavitA ke mAdhyama se tattvadarzana ke camatkAra ko anubhUti ke AcaraNa meM utArane para jora diyA hai| tIsare khaNDa 'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana' (pRSTha 189 se 267) meM batalAyA gayA hai ki mana-vacana kI nirmalatA se, zubha kArya evaM loka kalyANa se hI puNya milatA hai jabaki krodhAdika se yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki mAna, mAyA, lobhAdika vikAra aura pApa utpanna hote haiN| puNya-pApa aura karma ke svarUpa kA sahI citraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| caturtha khaNDa 'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI rAkha' (pRSTha 269 se 488) meM kumbhakAra ke dvArA ghaTa ko rUpa aura AkAra prastuta kiyA hai| usakI prakriyA meM babUla kI lakar3I kI apanI vyathA-kathA ko mahAkAvya meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| lakar3iyA~ jalatI-jhulasatIM haiN| usI kI pratikriyA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai tathA puna: kumbhakAra dvArA agni prajvalita kI jAtI hai| isameM mATI kI vikAsa kathA ke mAdhyama se tathA puNya karma ke sampAdana se upajI zreyaskara upalabdhi kA
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________________ 462 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sahI citraNa kiyA hai| agni kI parIkSA ko aneka prakAra kI pratikriyAoM se varNita kiyA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM zraddhAlu nagara seTha ke sevaka ke hAthoM maMgala kalaza ma~gavA kara tathA usameM jala bharakara, padhAre guru ke pAda-prakSAlana ke uparAnta AhAra-dAna kara tRSA-tRpti karAne 4 bhAvanA se kavi ne mana:sthiti ko spaSTa karate hue santa-sAdhujanoM ke prati AhAra-dAna kI prakriyA ko mArmika rUpa se abhivyakta kiyA hai| AhAra dene evaM na de sakane para bhaktoM meM harSa-viSAda kI bhAvanA, sAdhu ke dvArA dharmopadeza-sAra Adi vistRta bhAvanAoM ko bhI ujAgara/spaSTa kiyA hai| mahAkAvya meM, miTTI ke ghar3e ko Adara kyoM diyA gayA, isa apamAna kA badalA lene ke lie eka AtaMkavAdI dala ko AhUta kiyA jAtA hai jo seTha parivAra meM trAhi-trAhi macA detA hai| kSamA-bhAvanA se AtaMkavAdI dala kA hRdaya parivartana kiyA jAtA hai / yaha mahAkAvya vartamAna pariveza meM sAmAjika dAyitva kA bodha karAtA hai / AtmA kA uddhAra vyakti apane puruSArtha se kara sakatA hai, yahI dizAbodha isameM prApta hotA hai / mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' kI garimA kAvya meM AdhyAtmika AyAmoM, darzana aura cintana ke preraNAdAyaka prasaMgoM se hai| isameM inhoMne vyakti ke jIvana para saTIka muhAvare, camatkAra, mantravidyA kI AdhArabhitti, Ayurveda ke prayoga, aMkoM ke camatkAra Adi ke prayoga se Adhunika jIvana meM upajI naI vicAradhArAe~ spaSTa kI haiN| isake adhyayana-manana kA adbhuta sukha aura santoSa isake gambhIra adhyayana aura cintana-manana ke dvArA prApta hotA hai / mahAkAvya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA cintana ke vibhinna AyAma prastuta kie haiN| yaha kisI dharma vizeSa se sambandhita nahIM hone se sarvasAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM ke lie upayogI kAvya hai| isake adhyayana se mAnava/vyakti ko zikSA milatI hai aura isake cintana se bhAvanA aura AcaraNa meM nizcita rUpa se parivartana hogaa| isa mahAkAvya kA sRjana hindI sAhitya jagat meM anupama upalabdhi hai| maiM 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke adhyayana tathA samIkSA karane ke uparAnta isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki AcArya vidyAsAgara ke pravacana sunane aura usa para cintana kara satya aura ahiMsA rUpa AcaraNa karane ke lie bhI loga unake upadeza sunane Ate haiN| lekina zaharI kSetroM meM nivAsa karane vAle yuvA varga meM, jinheM bataura phaizana kahA jAe to kathana asatya na hogA - ve aNDe, mA~sa aura madirA kA sevana gharoM se bAhara rahakara karate haiM / ata: unake AcaraNa ko sudhArane ke lie AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI apane pravacana tathA lekhanI meM avazya hI aise prasaMga upasthita kareM jisase unheM sahI-sahI dizAbodha prApta ho ske| yaha merA kathana AlocanA kA nahIM apitu jIvana meM jo ghaTanAeM ho rahI haiM, vaha na hoM tathA AtaMkavAdI ke rUpa meM jo vyakti aNDe, mA~sa, madirA Adi kA sevana kara apane ghara-parivAra meM trAhi macA detA hai aura pariNAmata: dUSita prabhAva se parivAra kA vikhaNDana bhI ho jAtA hai / ataeva santa vANI meM ina bAtoM/cIz2oM ko avazya hI spaSTa kiyA jAe, tabhI bhAvI pIr3hI se hama apekSA kara sakate haiM ki ve samAja ko sudhaareN| logoM ko pApa se dUra rakhane ke lie, unakI bhAvanAoM ko parivartita karane ke lie gambhIratA ke sAtha cintana karanA hogaa| 'mUkamATI' kAvya racanA ko par3hA aura isase maiM prabhAvita bhI huA huuN| maiMne vartamAna meM jo dekhA yA jo sthiti cala rahI hai, usameM parivartana lAne kI dRSTi se sujhAva rakhe haiN| ina sujhAva para vicAra kareM aura mere vicAroM kA samAveza karate hue merI bhAvanAoM ko sabhI logoM taka phuNcaaeN|
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________________ 'mUkamATI' : eka amUlya dharohara zrImatI ArAdhanA jaina vartamAna yuga ke mahAn santaziromaNi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja jJAna, dhyAna evaM tapa meM lavalIna rahate hue bhI sAhitya sAdhanA karate haiN| AcAryazrI ne bAla brahmacArI avasthA se sIdhe muni dIkSA le lii| usa samaya ApakI umra mAtra bAIsa varSa kI thii| Apane guruvara jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja se mAtra cAra-pA~ca varSoM meM hI saMskRta, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, jaina nyAya aura jaina siddhAnta ke cAroM anuyogoM kA jJAna arjita kara liyA thaa| icchA zakti tIvra ho to saba kucha sambhava hai'- yaha kara dikhAyA hai Apane / taba mAtra do ghaNTe hI nidrA ko Azraya dekara Apane bAIsa ghaNToM taka vidyA kA abhyAsa kara jJAna prApta kiyA / ApakA vyaktitva jitanA AkarSaka, kartRtva bhI utanA hI manohArI hai / isa prakAra Apa muni pahale haiM yA santa kavi - yaha kahanA usI prakAra kaThina hai jaise pahale bIja yA phala ? 'hAtha kaMgana ko ArasI kyA' - ApakI kavitA svayaM hI pramANa detI hai sazakta hone kA aura samartha hone kA : "corI mata karo, corI mata karo/yaha kahanA kevala/dharma kA nATaka hai uparila sabhyatA"upacAra !/cora itane pApI nahIM hote jitane ki/coroM ko paidA karane vAle / " (pR. 468) isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' eka sandeza mAtra hI nahIM hai varan eka prAyogika evaM vyAvahArika kRti bhI hai| "RSi - santoM kA/sadupadeza - sadAdeza/hameM yahI milA ki pApI se nahIM/pApa se/paMkaja se nahIM,/paMka se ghRNA kro| ayi Arya !/nara se/nArAyaNa bano/samayocita kara kArya / " (pR. 50) isa prakAra pUjA guNoM kI hotI hai aura pApa se ghRNA hotI hai| pApI kI bhUlakara bhI nindA nahIM karane kA upadeza dharma detA hai, kyoMki Aja kA pApI kala paramAtmA bana sakatA hai / ata: AcAryazrI kI lekhanI jAti-pA~ti aura rUr3hivAda kI paramparAoM ko tor3akara mAnava jAti ke uddhAra hetu avasara pradAna karatI hai| nava rasoM kA sarasa varNana kara anta meM karuNa, vAtsalya evaM zAnta rasa ke bAre meM maulikatA vyakta kI hai| kRtikAra kA kahanA hai ki sabhI rasoM kA anta honA hI zAnta rasa hai : "karuNA-rasa use mAnA hai, jo/kaThinatama pASANa ko bhI/moma banA detA hai, vAtsalya kA bAnA hai/jaghanatama nAdAna ko bhI/soma banA detA hai| kintu, yaha laukika/camatkAra kI bAta huI,/zAnta-rasa kA kyA kaheM, saMyama-rata dhImAna ko ho/ om' banA detA hai|" (pR. 159-160) vItarAgatA evaM adhyAtma ina tInoM rasoM ke antara darzana meM sahaja hI niHsRta huA hai| AcAryazrI jahA~ zabda khojI haiM, prayogadharmI haiM, vahIM zabda meM gumphita artha nikAlane meM unakA koI sAnI nahIM
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________________ 464 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA __ "rAhI bananA hI to/hIrA bananA hai,/svayaM rAhI zabda hI viloma-rUpa se kaha rahA hai-/raa"hii"hii"raa|" (pR. 57) 'mUkamATI' kI eka-eka paMkti para, eka-eka pRSTha para kAvya likhe jA sakate haiM, aura svayaM AcAryazrI ke jIvana para mahAkAvya likhe jA sakate haiN| unakA kavitA kA saMsAra sAgara ke samAna gaharA, himAlaya ke samAna U~cA hai| usameM sampUrNa jaina darzana ko Agama sammata dRSTikoNa se, nIrasa viSaya ko bhI sarasa banAkara kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| unakI kAvya pratibhA kA paricaya zabdoM meM bA~dhA jAnA nitAnta muzkila hai| jAta-pA~ta aura rUr3hivAda kI zrRMkhalAoM se mukta vizva bandhutva kI bhAvanA se ota-prota yaha kAvya sAmpradAyikatA se pare hai| isameM rAjanIti, dharma zAstra, samAja zAstra aura artha zAstra Adi kA vizleSaNa acche DhaMga se kiyA hai / isI prakAra nArI utthAna kA bharasaka prayAsa kiyA gayA hai aura mantra, vijJAna, jyotiSa Adi para bhI prakAza DAlA hai / guruvara ke kaNTha meM sAkSAt sarasvatI kA vAsa hai / ApakI pravacana sabhA meM vyakti binA Dora ke khiMce cale Ate haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya eka aisI amUlya dharohara hai, jise samajhane ke lie hameM er3I-coTI eka karanA hogii| bhAratIya saMskRti ko gauravAnvita karane se hameM isa kRti para nAz2a hai| Famoment
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________________ Acharya Vidyasagar's : MOOKMATI (Mute-Mud) Jaikishandas Sadani Mookmati or the 'Mute-Mud' is indeed an epic poem of great dignity and grace, scaling the spiritual heights, reached not by apprehension or abstraction of the reasoning mind, rather it is realisation of profound experience of a saint, that brings one face to face with the ultimate truth or Arhant. The poem is an epic, in as much as it gifts the universal truth and wisdom of the ancient, to the modern world. It is a chain of unbroken tradition which passes on to us, the highest spiritual heritage, making life of man purposive and meaningful. It is indeed a classic of universal appeal, which highlights spiritual discipline and self-restraint, as guiding principles for the liberation of mankind, fettered in the tangles of tottering moral values. The book gives a clarion call for breaking asunder the bondage wrought by karma or the deluding actions which wean us away from the divinity enshrined is us. The process is one of Sadhana-penance, and a will to uplift oneself from the narrow cog-mire or ego-mire of egotism and selfishness. It is unfolding of a spiritual life which enables us to participate in a 'universal life' of love, tolerance and non-violence. It is appreciation of the mutual differences and thereby understanding the multifacetted-dimensions of truth which refuses to be bogged down to narrow parochial thoughts. The book is a living fire, the sparks of which ignite the spiritual awareness already present in man, which is alas, veiled today by worldliness and hedonistic attractions lurking all around. The seer and saint Acharya Vidyasagar makes us aware of this, not by speculative discourses, but by using analogies and examples culled from daily life in a language that is direct, simple, yet pregnent with inspiring spiritual thoughts which we are to imbibe. Acharya Vidyasagar follows the tradition of ancient Indian seers who gave their sermons through dialogues and parables rather than intellection. Hence the use of allegories, symbols and images play a very important role in conveying the spiritual content envisaged in this classic. The inanimate are animated and discuss the vital aspects of life, so sanguine for human redemption. The soil of the river discussing with mud of mother earth, the potter discussing the prospects with earth, the earthern-pot discussing important, temporal and spiritual issues with the golden pot or swarna kalash, and finally the spiritual aspirant, sadhaka, disciple and devotee Seth or businessman who puts into practice the spiritual disciplines for attaining the goal in which self-restraint 19h, and self-discipline 37TTHF, go hand in hand. Faith will obtain experience, It will decidedly get it; But/Not in the path, but on the goal. "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI/avazya milegI HR/hrf# TET, wife !" (9.8cc) . The book opens before us a vast panorama, touching almost every aspect of life.
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________________ 466 :: 44HICT-FHTAT Literature, psychology, yoga, art and philosophy are all interwoven by a thought-pattern, which is explained in very simple language, touching the sublime. It elevates us from simple to profound experiences. From the household examples culled from daily experiences of life, it touches the exalted experiences alluded to by psychology, philosophy and science. Even the star-wars and the terror they bring in the trail are pointed out with a grim warning of suicidal annihilation, if man's sanity is lost in the midst of rage and violence. Right at the outset in the preface, poetically termed as a 'Wavelet of Mind', Acharya Vidyasagar enunciates the basic tenets of Jain philosophy, which while accepting the divine essence or godliness of every individual jiva, it denies God as a creator, assuming human body. It is the bondage wrought by karma that makes the jiva revolve in cycles of birth and death. Once the binding fetters of karma which tie down the jiva to the world sansara are cleft by sadhana or penance, by contenance and conquest of the turbulent mind, the cravings of heaving desires and passions swelling in the heart, the jiva becomes free or mukta. The divinity shines in him with all the refulgent-splendour. Jiva contaminated by karma, can wash away the blemishes and bondage of karmas by spiritual sadhana, and the cycle of birth and death ceases. Jiva lives in the eternal glory of his own divine being, godliness. When did karma start its function cannot be answered, as it is without beginning. But it has an end when its shackles are cleft asunder by spiritual sadhana. Jainism does not believe in descent of God or Avatar. Once the Jiva is mukta or liberated, he does not descend, as descent means to be caught again in the mesh of karma from which he is already freed. Rather it believes in the Ascent of Jiva, or Mukti of Jiva, ascending into the divine, its own real absolute essence, gaining this there is no descent or lapse into the deluding bondage of karma. Acharya Vidyasagar explains this in very simple language in the course of this rich poetic creation, Mookmati. He thus alludes to the fundamental philosophy of Jainism in his foreword. A philosophy to be effective must have its fundamental bearings on the bed-rock of human experience, in consonance with life on this earth. It must be pragmatic and give solutions to the day to day problems man faces in his journey on this planet, the earth, which is symbolically mati or mud. Hence the Acharya touches on all the important facets of life. He believes in all-round integral growth and not the lopsided one which restricts it in the narrow bonds. This pragmatic element is well brought out in this important creative poem Mookmati. He makes it clear that Dharma is the way of living a pure and meaningful life. He, therefore, discusses in the poems, the social needs and the necessity of equality and social justice for social balance and good-will amongst mankind. The need of non-violence, friendship, fraternity are all emphasised with ethical rigor. He discusses about the political, educational and religious aspects, which when put to right and righteous use, make human life sublime. It then becomes a fore-runner for peace and well being, for all mankind and helps to knit them as one, 'world-family. While showing the sublime path of progress, he cautions man to avoid the pitfalls of evil tendencies that creep even in the good institutions and mar their virtuous functions. These evils have to be eradicated by inculcating the exalted
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________________ CHICT-HTHTHT :: 467 ethics, which improve the quality of life, by shunning the temptations of indulgence bhoga with the practice of yoga, which is communion with the divinity already in man. This is best done by leading a selfless pure life of self-discipline, freed from the hankerings of worldly desires. This is the ultimate message of Mookmati. The creative intellect of Acharya has given us a magnificient creative poem. A brief review of the poems will enlighten us with the noble thoughts and emotions embodied in the epic. The four cantos of the book serve as path-finders for the ultimate release or liberation. In the first Canto, the dominent note is Integration and not dissipation, as revealed in the dialogue between the river and the earth, between mud and the potter. In the course of the discussion Acharya gives us etymological meanings of many words through the split vyutpatti- derivation of the samas-compounds and points out to the subtle nuances in simple words, say the meaning of Kumbhakar (Pottor). Ku-means earth, Bha-stands for bhagya or fate, hence Kumbhakar is one who is not only fortunate, but also the creator of Fortune or Destiny is the Potter, Kumbhakar. Similarly T (gada) means diseases and ET (ha) means the remover, therefore TEET which commonly means donkey, etymologically it means the remover of diseases. Besides, these word-nuances, we have rich thoughts permeating this canto. Compassion indeed/Is the spontaneous expression of true Knowledge, the Science of life. "aurant ETT EN/57a-fasta 77/4744 fara ei" (9.30) Play of passions/Is delusion,/Progress of compassion/Is liberation. "ahal at facire/HE E,/24 at farh/HAI" (q.30) Attachments give rise to violence./And In attachment-free-state alone, Non-violence grows, Gathers strength. "ufet FEHT | #91f //farfy-TM # et affert ,/TT-9697987,/**** gram I" (q.EX) Similarly, in an interesting dialogue between soil and the fish, Vidyasagarji gives a crisp and aphoristic definition of Satyuga and Kaliyuga . The relentless search for truth alone Is satyuga, my son./And ... To look upon truth as falsehood Is kaliyuga, my son.
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________________ 468 :: 47-ICT-HIHIAT "Hai aturant @ /Ha-gore, ater !/31 ... a a7 37HQ Hentaici /fasi alargar e azi!" (q.(3) The second Canto starts with the dialogue between the Artist Shilpi and the mud Mati. It points out the common stresses and strains of life, and then rises to high philosophical cresendo. This is a unique device by which Acharya Vidyasagar passes on his message in poetry, without making it didactic. Epigrammatic lines and quotable quotes are rampant in this canto: Vindictiveness is that fire/Which Burns the body and the self/From generation to generation. "ara a E 3G/I/GIAT / , 797 t/89-!" (q. 8C) In this Canto, the entire theory of Rasa, figurative and rhetorical use in Indian Aesthetics is stated in the natural flow of poetry. The examples taken from day to day life are expressed in colloquial language. The Rasas elaborated are Vir (bravery), Hasya (Wit & humour), Karuna (Pathos), Bibhatsa (Hideousness), Vatsalya (love for the child) and in the end Shanta (Peace). It is the use of these rasas or emotions which give depth and feeling to poetry. Indian aesthetician has described poetry as 'sentences drenched in Rasa'. Kavyam Rasatmakam Vakyani. Acharya Vidyasagar has depicted the various moods, emotions and reflections in this canto with great agility. The spontaneous and powerful emotions are conveyed in lyrical captivating verses : The culmination of all rasas/Is shanta rasa It murmurs, hums/In the hearts of saints. "a tala ESATT -/16-F THAT TENT/ Haitat s 3:987 TE I" (9.880) Acharya makes some very original comments on music. In the seven notes of music he envisons the delight and bliss of seven-modes of knowing the truth, as enumerated in the Jaina theory of Syadvad or Saptabhangi, which says that truth is multidimensional; to use Whitman's words 'it contains the multitudes'. The seven different attitudes reveal variety of meaningfulness. Hence no single attitude reveals its absolute meaning: The same object/Is expressed in various ways, Dyed in different hues, heaves in waves. My companion is music 'Tis seven-fold : Saptabhangi. "eka hI vastu/aneka bhaMgoM meM bhaMgAyita hai/aneka raMgoM meM raMgAyita hai, info!/ART HN Tita / 79-sion statel I" (9.88EUR)
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________________ CHICI-ATHIAT :: 469 As the artist rotates the potter's wheel, Mute-mud, reveals to him some reflections on time: Time itself is not the wheel./It is the rotator of the wordly wheel. "Fate Fai 79 TEM/THR-27 974 EIT TE I" (q. 888) Thus we see there is all movement bhramana in the circumference, while the centre delights rotating in itself; though there may be delusion on the circumference, there is illumination at the centre. Acharya Vidyasagar takes up the riddle of mathematical digit '9'. To an artist, Mathematics is also music of numbers. He tells us that 9 is the source of all life while 99 is worldly cycle of delusions. It is '9' that inspires, revolves towards-self realisation'Atmatatva-Udbodhini'. In this context he also discusses subtle importance of seminal letters fat (Hi)-denies all others and 'st' (Bhi)-accepts all others as elaborated in Jain Tantra. 'Hi' represents one-sidedness Ekantavad, 'Bhi' is multidimentional Anekantavad. 'Hi' represents Western civilisation 'Bhi' is Indian culture, controling our destiny. "at yahiar at HH4 / top 10, PIGRE AT M11 ...cat #-HPM /*itaratu wala, apa-aaral ," (q.pop-893) Anekantvad and Syadavad are the Interesting attitude of Jainism which in its practical application makes man shun the false pride; "My opinion alone is true". "My Opinion also is true, "it indicates a spirit of tolerance which tells us that from a different stand point others may be equally true or perhaps better. This is beautifully expressed in the canons of Jain philosophy. Acharya further ascends on the path of self-realisation Kevaljnana-Omniscience and analyses the mind where in the sport of good and evil, is ever enacting its relentness drama. He says: Passions reside/Neither in body nor in dress, But/In the mind deluded by Maya (Illusion). "vAsanA kA vAsa vaha/na tana meM hai, na vasana meM RH/HPT Thin I" (q. 860) The third Canto has been named as one that emphasises 'Acquiring of virtues and ablution of sins'- (gou FT YAT: 919-9ac 1). Right at the outset Acharya tells us :
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________________ 470 :: 47541CT-ETHIHT (1) For petty selfish gains,/For worthless paltry praise, Evil abounds everywhere. "tuccha svArthasiddhi ke lie/kucha vyartha kI prasiddhi ke lie Het grey 3774 97 HPAT!" (9.880) Where is the prayer to the Lord ? Where is the worship of the Lord ? For glorious spiritual attainment ? "vaha prArthanA kahA~ hai prabhu se,/vaha arcanA kahA~ hai prabhu kI Rhref His forg!" (9.880) He denounces the Buddhi or intelligence which revels in sin and selfishness and calls it 'world-betrayer', 'misery-inflictor' and cause of terrorism. These tendencies are barbaric and must be nipped in the bud. Acharya casts a glance at the history of cultures and insists on the great ideals which women of yore have placed before man. All cultures and civilizations are nourished by the kind, compassionate, loving milk of the mother. They are nurtured under the tender care of her affection and vatsalya. Acharya gives subtle nuances of the synonyms of the sanskrit words for woman by splitting of samas according to sanskrit grammar rules. Nari- (1)- Na = no, ari = enemy One who is not the enemy of anybody is Nari or woman. (2)- Na = no, aari = spiky saw. One who is not the ragged saw of destruction is Nari or woman. Mahila- (1)- One who creates auspiciousness in the atmosphere, making life a festival of joy. (2)- One who guides man to the right goal is also mahila or woman. (1)- Avagama' means, the light of knowledge. One who dispels darkness and gives light to life is Abala. (2)- Bala also means problems. One who solves all problems balas is Abala or woman. In the similar vein kumari is explained as one who grants prosperity. Similarly a good number of words like stri, suta, duhita, have been explained as those who grant auspiciousness mangalya. Many wholesome topics are taken up with Prabhakar the 'Sun' giving his sermon, which dwells upon psychological traits, freedom from sin, awakening of righteousness and final preparation for release or liberation. Acharya says, "one untouched by egoism is free". (Pg. 22) Friendship, compassion, devotion, sympathy, tolerance, meditation and Yoga, are all hinted at to bring new order or renaissance in life. The canto ends with the sermon of Kumbha, Earthern pot, in which an aspirant starts with his sadhana that journeys from diversity to unity, Bhed to Abheda from known to unknown Reality. Abala -
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________________ CHICT-HTHTHT :: 471 The four4th Canto starts with a dialogue between the earthern-pot kumbha with fuel sticks in the oven. The Kumbha observes "In Ganatantra democracy, stick is often used for punishing the innocent while the culprits go scot free". The faltering stick says: Not by oppressing the weak, But in protecting them by giving support, The strength of the strong becomes worth-while. "nirbala-janoM ko satAne se nahIM,/bala-saMbala de bacAne se hI acarita at Hrefas Eat I" (9.240p) Later the artist 'kumbhakar' potter kindles the oven by repeating the Navkar Mantra - sacred Mantra, in nine times for sanctifying the whole process of pot making. The blazing fire gives its sermon by saying: I firmly believe/No one has obtained liberation, Without giving the crucial fire-test so far, Nor will it be had in future either. "maiM isa bAta ko mAnatI haiM ki/agni-parIkSA ke binA Aja taka faneitat fan fict 767,/a afy i forcoll I" (q.p64) The Acharya then alludes to the real and relentless test of life, on the touch-stone Kasauti of noble character. He also refers to dharma and adharma, to virtues and vices, meditation and pranayam, that is breath control or yoga, equipoise, soft or hard, philosophy and spiritual life, cause and effect, rhythm or tal in music and so on, and concludes by saying: Behold, but without touch, Touch, but without elation Then emotions will remain hungry... "Estar I, a Pisa TET,/29817 EIREFA TET, Hrah pet ut!" (9.18C) Once the life receives glowing touch from guru it beams on the countenance of the aspirant, thereafter the whole process - the swastik, saffron, sriphal (coconut), the suppliant devotee at the feet of guru - is narrated : Oh, Compassionate guru,/I take refuge at thy feet, Ferry me across in thy boat/To the shore of the ocean of world. " UT, RUS 3/1944,/art-UTETT, wa-afe aetas a/26174 yer!" (9.774)
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________________ 472 :: 494841-HHIAT Then alone can one be free from the dualities and other temptations of life that balk the path. If you can merge yourself in the devotion of Arihaant(Omniscience Supreme God) by concentrating on the tip of the nose, you become free from distractions that fritter away the spiritual propensities. Acharya describes the life of an ascetic-saint who has renounced everything and lives on the alms of devotees. He uses no untensils, but only his palms, for accepting food. He is clad only by the four directions of the firmament. His devotee, a Seth follows him with devout zeal and dedication. Acharya discusses in this canto about Purusha and Prakriti, individual conciousness and creation, Atman and creation, man and woman. He tells that Purusha is a Yogi and Prakriti is his sahayogi or co-operating one or companion and stands by him in spiritual practice or sadhana till the highest state is attained. Dynamic actions and reactions are of prakriti or kinetic principle of life. There is another topic of discussion which touches Ayurveda, the ancient Indian science of medicine. He dwells upon the need of proper diet, and control of breath, and Yogic exercises, etc. Here we find a very interesting song in praise of Bhu or 'earth'. He also elucidates the 'mud'- therapy as a cure for many diseases. Herein he also dwells upon the four stages of speech. Para transcendental, Pashyanti illuminated stage of insight, the Madhyama the middle path of speech and the Vaikhari the common speech. He also discusses how speech and Yoga are inter connected and lead to spiritual realisation when harnessed to that purpose. The greatest hurdle in the path of spiritual progress is the unruly ego of man uncontrolled. It is detrimental. When the inflated ego is hurt, it becomes a source of all terrorist activity in society. It is only when the ego is wounded/Terrorism verily starts. " * CTH 7897 ATET,/3109r 77 398R ETT I" (q.88C) Finally Acharya tells us : Now you must descend from/The boat of Ego Maan Vardhaman is beyond ego./Bow at his feet in supplication You'll cross the endless ocean of sin. "mAna-yAna se aba/nIce utara Ao tuma !/jo vardhamAna hokara mAnAtIta haiM godt at #gforera /3747 979-HTRA RETT TH!" (9.8??) Acharya takes up another important topic, the virtue of vegetarianism as it is founded on the compassion for all living beings. He can understand the need of punishment for correcting the criminal activity in society. But he does not approve of Capital punishment at all. He asserts emphatically that "cruelly punishing a criminal is itself a form of criminality. This itself is a crime, a drift from true justice":
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________________ [Hiet-taieI :: 473 The Acharya concludes the epic by the benedictory sermon given to the Golden pot for a very auspicious living. Subtle nuances of words are brought out by giving new descriptions and etymological meanings of so many words commonly used. The splitting of samas vyutpatti becomes so conducive of so many charming meanings. Finally Acharya Vidyasagar gives the eternal message of spiritual salvation, culminating in silence. Mute-Mud admires him by looking at him steadfastly. Auspiciousness and spiritual halo pervades all around. In such a blessed and sanctified atmosphere the great epic draws to a close. Acharya Vidyasagar adopts three tier language to give expresssion to his thoughts and emotions, so that they may be conveyed to all people. He uses down to earth language which is understood even by the common reader. He also uses the language which is understood by the lay reader and finally for the erudite conveying the subtle truths in philosophical language. Thus he moves in all stages of language with great agility. It is just like the eminent musician who sings in all the octaves, the bass, the baritone and the tenor, with great ease, Moreover Acharya ably gives expression to the dual aspects of poetry, emotional with all its warmth, affecting with charm and the philosophical with logical rigor and reflection. This makes his poetry complete and integrated. Mookmati or Mute-Mud is a soul stirring poetry of multicoloured splendour with vast range of thoughts and emotions, inset in a spiritual life. The readers will find it very illuminating, as almost every aspect of life is dealt in all completeness. Jnanpith has made a remarkable contribution in publishing this great classic for our modern age, the need of which is so very imperative to-day, pRSTha 13 57- --- haradama uyamI hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI'- saptaka DaoN. choTe lAla zarmA 'nAgendra' sundara salonI 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kRti, aisA lagatA hai pAyA rAta meM divasa hai| milA hai prakAza-puMja satya-anugUMja-yuta, patA nahIM jJAna hai ki jJAna kA hI rasa hai / / nIrasa rasA ke rasa sarasa banAe gae, ___pA ke mana tathya jinheM ho gayA avaza hai| mRSA-tRSA jar3atA kI bikharA rahI hai rAzi, nikhara rahI hai vRtti, mana bhI vivaza hai / / 1 / / 'mUkamATI' jJAna kuMja, bhavya bhAvanA se pUrNa, pRSTha-pRSTha mAnoM dala ramya ujjvalA ke haiN| bhAva, anubhAva yA vibhAva rasa-sikta saba, jar3atA se rikta-pANi pRSTha abalA ke haiN| bhASA kA prayoga aisA jaga ko milegA kahA~, advitIya rUpa lie kAvya kI kalA ke haiN| calA caMcalA-sA acalA ko hAtha sAdhe hue, 'gaurava-vibhUti munivara' acalA ke haiM / / 2 / / kahIM zabda, artha jaise jIvana auM' prANa-deha, ke samAna ur3a rahA pratibhA kA ketu hai| anubhava jIvana ke bhava ko sudhAra rahe, darzanoM kA yoga huA sAdhanA kA hetu hai / / AdyopAnta ziva zivatA se hai pravahamAna, kahIM bhI virAjamAna rAhu hai, na ketu hai / bAra-bAra kara avagAhana kaSAya meMTa, bhava-saritA meM 'mUkamATI' banI setu hai / / 3 / / jagatI meM 'mUkamATI' jIvana kI pratilipi, jJAna kI vibhA meM yaha hima aura pAnI hai| mAyA kA prapaMca andhakAra saba ora jamA, rAmA meM ramA ke mana kho rahA javAnI hai / /
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________________ jar3atA ko, ajJatA ko, mohamayI andhatA ko, pAlakara, jagatI ko bana rahA dAnI hai| kaise jIva jagatI meM mokSa upalabdha kare, jJAna kI ravAnI mahAkAvya kI kahAnI hai // 4 // jJAna kumbhakAra jaba lagana kudAlI thAma, 1 lakSya aura calatA hai sundara svabhAva se tarka jaisI vaMkimA bhI nahIM kamanIya jahA~, bala milatA hai sadA saralatA ke bhAva se // yoga upajAtA, bhoga sundaratA jagAtA, . roga kSaNa meM sulAtA, calatA na kAma dA~va se / bhava bhaya trAtA bhUmipAtA hai suhAnI jaba, sAdhanA ko bar3hAtA hai mRdutA prabhAva se ||5|| tApasa hai kumbhakAra karatA vicAra zubha, kalpanA ke kusuma khilAtA mUkamATI se / jJAna paripATI 'mUkamATI' meM samAtI aura, sAdhanA kI pATI likhavAtI mUkamATI se / - ogha, tama-toma, sudhA soma Adi sama agha jaise cAhe pAtra banA DAlo 'mUkamATI' se / siddhi - zodha, siddhi dvArA, siddha kI prasiddhi aura, mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 475 siddhi zilA-patha milatA hai 'mUkamATI' se || 6 || manda manda mudutA se lalita kathA ke aMza, chanda-baddha jaise bola par3ho 'mUkamATI' ke / zabda-artha khulate hI bolate prasaMga-raMga, saumya bola anamola par3ho 'mUkamATI' ke // gAthA-loka gAthA khola, amRta diyA hai ghola, aMga-aMga talAtola par3ho 'mUkamATI' ke / jIvana ke rUpa-raMga sabhI yahA~ vidyamAna, rucikara pRSTha khola par3ho 'mUkamATI' ke // 7 // O
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________________ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : vizva sAhitya kI anupama kar3I ena. zAntAdevI AcArya vidyAsAgara se likhita 'mUkamATI', jana sAdhAraNa se paThita yaha 'mUkamATI', kAvya pratibhA kA eka camatkAra hai, sAdhAraNa vyakti kA eka uddhAraka hai, dharma-darzana evaM adhyAtma rasa ko pilAne, mukta chanda kI manorama zailI meM nibaddha kara, kAvya sAhitya kI eka anupama upalabdhi, AcArya vidyAsAgara se likhita 'muukmaattii'| hindI, saMskRta, aMgrejI Adi meM prakAzita racanAe~ ApakI, 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI', 'totA kyoM rotA ?', 'mUkamATI' Adi apane hita-mita-vacanAmRta se jana-kalyANa meM nirata Apa, sAdhanA kI uccatara sIr3hiyoM para satata ArohaNa! mATI jaisI nirIha, pada dalita, vyathita vastu ko, mahAkAvya meM mahAn banAkara, mukti kI vANI dI hai, kumbhakAra zilpI ne mATI kI racanA ko pahacAnA, kUTa-chAnakara, varNa saMkara haTAkara, mRdutA lAyA, cAka para car3hAkara, Ave meM tapAkara, maMz2ila taka pahu~cAyA, mukti yAtrA kA rUpaka hai yaha mahAkAvya 'mUkamATI' ! unakA uddezya rahA : 'yathAkAra bananA, vyathAkAra na banane', 'tathAkAra bananA, kathAkAra na banane, AtaMkavAda kA anta aura anantavAda kA zrIgaNeza ! cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta yaha 'mUkamATI', 'saMkara nahIM : varNa-lAbha' prathama khaNDa meM, mATI va zilpI ke madhya manorama saMvAda, avyakta bhAva, zabdoM meM vyaMjita ho itihAsa banAtI hai ! bojha Dhoe gadahe kI pIr3A se mATI karuNArdra ho, pazcAtApa kI Aga meM jalakara yAda karatI hai| 'yAda' se 'dayA' kA viloma rUpa meM artha nikalatA hai, gada-roga, hA-hAraka bana, jIvana kA nirvAha nahIM, nirmANa meM sahAyaka banatA hai| zilpI, mATI kA cAlana kara saMzodhana karatA hai, mA~ mATI se pRthak ho, kaMkara prazna karatA hai, sodAharaNa samajhAte haiM-gAya kSIra tathA Aka kSIra se mA~ mATI dezanA detI kaMkara ko- 'rAhI' bane 'hIrA'! rassI bAlaTrI lekara, kUpa se jala lAne nikalA, pAnI machalI sahita bAhara Ate dekhaa| mA~ mATI se jJAna mA~gatI machalI, mAsUma banane uttara milA, vApasa kue~ meM pahu~cakara 'dayA-visuddho dhammo' prasphuTita huaa|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 477 khaNDa-do rahA-'zabda so bodha nahIM : bodha so zodha nhiiN|' mATI ke andara rahakara kA~TA zilpI se badalA lene nikalA, mATI samajhAtI hai, badale kA bhAva dala-dala hai, jisameM balazAlI bhI gaja dala taka pha~sa jAte haiM - anala hai, yaha bhAvanA jo tana, cetana, bhava taka ko jalAtI hai| zilpI ghaTa para 63 kI saMkhyA 6 aura 3 sammukha aMkita kara, siMha, zvAna, kachuA, kharagoza aMkita karatA, to 'kara para kara do'- aMkita paMkti bhaviSya kI ora saMketa karatI 'mara hama, marahama baneM' aura 'maiM do galA'- aneka saMketa karatI haiN| janana-utpAda, maraNa-vyaya aura sthira-dhrauvya hai, kumbha kI namI ko sukhAne hetu dhUpa meM rakha zilpI, AgAmI jIvana kA bIjAropaNa kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai, janana pAyA to maraNa pAnA hI hai-akATya niyama yahI hai| tRtIya khaNDa rahA-'puNya kA pAlana : pApa-prakSAlana / ' anekAneka bAdhAoM ke pazcAt nIlAkAza svaccha naz2ara AtA hai, sampUrNa sRSTi meM navInatA AtI hai, zilpI ko kumbha ne sunAyA traikAlika satya, upasarga binA svarga kI upalabdhi na huI, na hogii| sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA meM lIna, aDiga-avikala, mauna va samabhAva se lakSyaprApti hetu, pratikUlatAoM ko sahayogI mAnatA hai, viSama paristhitiyA~ hI to usakI kasauTI hai ! caturtha khaNDa rahA-'agni kI parIkSA : cA~dI-sI raakh|' dharatI kI mATI pahale goda meM thI, Aja dharatI kI chAtI para hai, ghaTa lene sevaka ko nagara seTha ne zilpI ke ghara bhejA, usane kumbha kI parIkSA kaMkara se kii| AtaMka se bhayabhIta kumbha sahita seTha parivAra grAma-nagaroM ko pAra kara, parvata zreNiyoM se yukta saghana vana meM praviSTa huA, kaThina paristhitiyA~ pAra kara, nadI ke kinAre pahu~cA, tyAga, tapasyA ke suphala se bha~varadAra dhArA ko pAra kiyaa| AtaMkavAda parAjaya kA mukha tAkane lagA, nAva jalamagna ho jAtI hai, AtaMkavAda kA anta huA ! zilpI, kumbha, kumbhakAra ne zilA para virAjamAna, vItarAgI sAdhu ke darzana kie-jo abhaya kA AzIrvAda dete haiN| bandhana rUpa tana-mana aura vacana kA miTanA mokSa hai ! jisa prakAra dUdha se ghI nikalatA hai, kintu ghI ko puna: dUdha rUpa meM badalanA sambhava nahIM hai, mUkamATI yahI nihAratI hai !
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________________ 478 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pAtra paricaya : 1. mahAkAvya kI nAyikA mUka mATI hai / mATI kumbha ke rUpa meM sAkAra hokara, bhakta seTha kI sahakArI banakara, 'bhU-sattAyAm' kI pratiSThApanA kI vizeSatAoM meM pradarzita hotI hai| 2. vItarAga zramaNa ke pratIka 'kumbhakAra' mahAkAvya ke nAyaka haiN| kSamA ke sAkSAt mUrti kumbhakAra mATI ko maMgala kalaza kA rUpa dete haiM / anta meM nirgrantha digambara sAdhu se sambodhana prApta karate hI haiN| 3. zramaNa santa viSaya-kaSAyAdijanya vikAroM ke vijetA haiN| 4. jaina zrAvaka kA pratIka jinendra bhakta seTha hai / vaha kumbha ke sahAre Age bar3hakara, guru tAraNa-taraNa__ jahAz2a se mukti kI kAmanA karate haiN| unake sAtha unakA parivAra bhI hai| 5. AcAryajI ne AtaMkavAda kA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA hai / use vikarAla rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| rasa paricaya : rasa kAvya kI AtmA hai- 'rasAtmakaM vAkyaM kaavym'| isameM pradhAna rasa zAnta rasa' hai, anya rasa gauNa haiN| kisI mahApuruSa ke darzana, tattvajJAna aura vairAgya Adi se zAnta rasa kI utpatti hotI hai| prakRti citraNa : mAnava saundarya premI hai| prakRti kA saundarya zAzvata hotA hai / kAvya meM prakRti citraNa- Alambana, uddIpana, AlaMkArika, mAnavIkaraNa, upadezAtmaka Adi rUpoM meM citrita hai| bhASA va zailI : mahAkAvya meM zailI kI sampreSaNIyatA, prasaMga garbhatA aura vyaMjanA zakti Adi vizeSatAe~ upalabdha haiN| bhASA oja, prasAda, mAdhuryaguNa pUrNa khar3I bolI hindI hai / AcAryajI kI bhASA prAMjala, sarasa evaM bhAvAnukUla pravAhamayI hai / yaha muhAvaroM, kahAvatoM, lokoktiyoM va sUktiyoM kA koza bana gayA hai| nAmakaraNa : 'mUkamATI' kAvyazAstrIya mAnyatAnusAra saphala evaM sArthaka nAmakaraNa hai| 'mUkamATI' nAmakaraNa kara mATI kI mahAn mahimA ko udghATita kiyA hai / chanda-alaMkAra : isakI racanA muktaka chanda meM huI hai| yatra-tatra tukAnta va atukAnta Adi chanda yojanA bhI dikhAI detI hai| isameM dohA, vasaMtatilakA Adi chanda bhI haiN| saMgItAtmakatA aura usake anurUpa pravAhamayI komalakAntapadAvalI, bhAvoM kI ekatA, layAtmakatA bhI isameM bharapUra hai / AcAryajI ne upamA, utprekSA, yamaka, rUpaka, anyokti, anuprAsa, praznAlaMkAra, zleSa Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga ucita sthAna para karake kRti ko alaMkRta kiyA hai| 'yatra nAryastu pUjyante, ramante tatra devatA:'- kathitAnusAra AcAryajI ne 'mUkamATI' meM nArI mahimA kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| isameM bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlamantra 'sarve bhavantu sukhinaH, sarve santu nirAmayA kI abhivyakti kI hai| tatkAlIna samAja, rAjanIti aura dharma kA darpaNa bana gayA hai 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya / 'jo zrama kare so zramaNa'- jisane indriyoM ko jIta liyA, vaha 'jita' yA 'jina' hai, aisA zramaNa kisI jAti, varga, samAja yA dharma taka hI sImita nahIM raha sakatA, apitu vaha sampUrNa jIvana, mAnava jAti meM ho sakatA hai| santa kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI yaha praur3hatama kAvyakRti vizva sAhitya kI eka anupama kar3I hai|
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________________ 'mUkamATI': graMtha paricaya pradIpa zahA 'mUkamATI' hA graMtha 488 pAnAMcA asUna to AcArya vidyAsAgara mahArAjAMnI lihilelA Ahe ANi tyAce prakAzana bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI tarphe jhAle asUna tyAcI kiMmata rU. 50 Ahe. hA graMtha mI svataH tIna varSApUrvI vAcalA to malA atyaMta AvaDalA, ANi sarvAMnI to vAcAvA ase vATata rAhIle. yA varSIcyA (1990 I.) cAturmAsAmadhye pa.pU. jayakIrtI mahArAjAMcyA preraNene mI yA graMthAvara satata eka mahinA pravacana kele tevaDhyAta zrI. heravADe yAMce patra Ale kI jaina sAhitya saMmelanAmadhye 'mUkamATI' graMthAcA paricaya dyAvayAcA Ahe. mhaNUna hA thoDAsA prayatna. yA graMthAce lekhaka AcArya vidyAsAgara mahArAja yAMcA janma 'sadalagA' yA grAmI, karnATakAMta 10 AkTobara 1946 madhye jhAlA. 20 vyA varSI bramhacarya vrata tyAMnI ghetale va vayAcyA 22 vyA varSI digaMbara munI dikSA ghetalI. vidyAsAgara mahArAjAMnA hiMdI ajibAta yeta navhati . svata: hiMdIcA abhyAsa karUna 'mUkamATI' he mahAkAvya tyAnI hiMdI bhASeta lihile. jaina sAhityAmadhye zatakAnuzatake jaina AcAryAMnI sAhitya nirmitI kelI Ahe yA visAvyA zatakAmadhye nagnatA pALUna magnatene sAhitya nirmitI karaNArA hA saMta pAhilA mhaNaje mAjhyA sArakhyA sAhityakAlAhI AtmAnaMda hoto. mI vidyAsAgarajIMnA pAhilele nAhI. paNa tyAMcyA kAvyAtUta tyAMcyA pratibhecI, pragalbhatecI uMcI kAya asela yAce anumAna sahaja kADhatA yete. 'mUkamATI' yA kAvyAcA itakA prabhAva ANi AMtarika AnaMda malA lAbhalA ANi ase vATate kI yA kAvyAsaMbaMdhI mUkatAca pALAvI ANi bolUca naye. svataH 'mUkamATI' he mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya kI phakta kAvya Ahe. yAcyA vAdAta zirU naye ase vATate. paNa yA kRtI sAhityika mUlyamApana karatAnA he mahAkAvyaca Ahe aseca mhaNAvese vATate. kAraNa yA kAvyAmadhye nisargAce varNana, sAmAjika samasyAMce vizleSaNa, mAnavajAtIce manovizleSaNa, asaMkhya upamAMcI peraNI, jaina va itara bhAratIya darzanAMcI tulanAtmaka mAMDaNI, adhyAtma yA sarva viSayAMcA UhApoha disUna yeto. yA kAvyAmadhye romAMsa suddhA AlelA Ahe paNa tyAce svarUpa mAtra tAttvika ANi baiThaka adhyAtmika Ahe. yA mahAkAvyAcyA viSayAta mAtIsArakhyA tUccha vastUlA ghevUna lihiNyAcI kalpanAca vicitra vATate. mAtIcyA tucchatemadhUna bhavyatece darzana ghaDaviNArI hI eka maMgala yAtrA Ahe. tuccha jIvanAlA bhavyatA prApta karUna deNyAcI prakriyA ANi tyA bhavyatetUna muktIcI maMgala yAtrA ghaDaviNAre he mahAkAvya Ahe. 'mUkamATI' hI azI eka anupama sAhitya kalAkRtI Ahe, jI adhyAtmAcA khajinA ghevUna saraLa sopyA bhASemadhye vAcakAlA ApalyA barobara bAMdhUna ghete. he mahAkAvya ase Ahe je behadda saraLa va vyAvahArika vATate. paNa sAhityika prAMgaNAmadhye yA mahAkAvyAne kitItarI kavIMcyA pratibhelA ApalyA lekhaNIne phike pADale Ahe hyA kAvyAmadhye atyaMta spaSTatA, sakSamatA va sahajatA Ahe. artha, chaMda, alaMkAra, baMdha vividhatA, vyaMga, sauSThava ANi bharapUra prasaMga tyAta prastuta kelele Aheta. "mantra na hI acchA hotA hai / nA hI burA / acchA, burA to apanA mana hotA hai / sthira mana hI vaha / mahAmantra hotA hai / aura asthira mana hI / pApatantra svacchanda hotA hai|" (pR. 108 - 109)
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________________ 480 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ANakhI eka udAharaNa : "...jo jIva/apanI jIbha jItatA hai/duHkha rItatA hai usI kA sukha-maya jIvana bItatA hai/ciraMjIva banatA vhii|" (pR. 116) hayA kAvyAtUna udbodhanAne janamANasAlA AtmaciMtanAcI vATa disate. viDaMbanAcyA mAdhyamAtUna he kAvya vATa cukalelyAMnA satarka karavite. mAnava jAtIcyA truTI dAkhavUna tyAMce jIvana uMcAvaNyAcA prayatna he kAvya karate. kavIne sAmAjika jIvanAtIla daMbhasphoTa hI ApalyA kAvyAtUna ghaDavilA Ahe. ApalyA avatI bhovatIcyA samAjAtIla bhAMDaNe yA anaMta durguNAMvara kavIne nirbhIDapaNe toMDasukha ghetale Ahe. sAmAjika zoSaNAbaddala kavI mhaNato-paMcamacaturthayA vAdAbaddala nirdeza asAvA. "kyA patA nahIM tujhako !/choTI ko bar3I machalI/sAbuta nigalatI haiM yahA~ aura/sahadharmI sajAti meM hI/vaira vaimanaska bhAva/paraspara dekhe jAte haiM ! zvAna zvAna ko dekha kara hI/nAkhUnoM se dharatI ko khodatA huA gurrAtA hai burI trh|/...vijaati kA kyA vizvAsa ? Aja zvAsa-zvAsa para/vizvAsa kA zvAsa ghuTatA-sA dekhA jA rahA hai| pratyakSa !/...yahA~ 'to'''/'mu~ha meM rAma/bagala meM churI' bagulAI chalatI hai|" (pR. 71-72) bAhya kriyAkAMDAmadhye guMtaNAr2yAbaddala lekhaka sAMgato : "bAharI kriyA se/bhItarI jiyA se/sahI-sahI sAkSAtkAra kiyA nahIM jA sktaa|" (pR. 30) bhAratIya kavitelA nave adhyAtmika vaLaNa deNAre he mahAkAvya Ahe. jaina sAhityakAMnA eka viziSTa azI adhyAtmika ciMtAnAMcI, mUlagAmI vicArAMcI, nirbhiDa pratipAdanAcI, manovizleSaNAtmaka nirUpaNAcI baiThaka asate. hI sarva vaiziSTye 'mUkamATI' madhye Aheta. ekhAdyA dArzanikAne satya nirUpaNAcI ukala karUna ThevAvI ase rUpa dhAraNa karaNArI hI kavitA Ahe. manoraMjanApekSA prabodhanAce, pracitIce, anubhavAce bhASya karaNArI hI 'gItA' Ahe pAvalopAvalI svata:ceca aMtaraMga vecUna, jagApuDhe te aMtaraMga ulagaDUna pasaraNyAcA prayatna karaNArI hI eka kavitA Ahe. 'digaMbara mudrA'- dhAraNa karaNAr2yAMcyA vaiziSTyAMbaddala lihitAnA kavi mhaNato : "kama se kama eka kambala to"/kAyA para le lo nA ! ...kama balavAle hI/kambala vAle hote haiM aura/kAma ke dAsa hote haiN| hama balavAle haiM/rAma ke dAsa hote haiM aura/rAma ke pAsa sote haiN|" (pR. 92) jagAtIla sarva rasa- vIra rasa, zRMgAra rasa, hAsya rasa, raudra rasa- yA sarvAMcI nirUpayogitA kAvyAtUna dAkhavUna zevaTI kavI ekA zAzvata rasAcI carcA karato ANi to Ahe 'zAnta rs'| kavi mhaNato : ___. "jo arasa kA rasika rahA hai/use rasa meM se rasa Aye kahA~ ?' (pR. 139) - "jise rUpa kI pyAsa nahIM hai,/arUpa kI Asa lagI ho
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 481 . "yaha kaTu satya hai ki/artha kI A~kheM/paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI, artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko/nirlajja banAyA hai|" (pR. 192) 'mUkamATI' meM bhAvapakSa ke sAtha kalApakSa bhI bar3A sundara bana par3A hai| zabdAlaMkAroM ke sAtha arthAlaMkAroM kI chaTA bhI bar3I manamohaka hai| donoM prakAra ke alaMkAra prayatna sAdhya na hokara svAbhAvika rUpa se hI kAvya meM pravAhita hue haiN| racanAkAra ke lie atizaya AkarSaNa hai zabda kA, jisakA pracalita artha meM upayoga karake vaha usakI saMgaThanA ko vyAkaraNa kI sAna para car3hAkara naI-naI dhAra dete haiM, naI-naI parateM ughAr3ate haiN| zabda kI saMgaThanA ko lekara usakI vyutpatti ko aneka rUpa die gae haiN| zabdoM ke pracalita rUpa ke atirikta, unakI kaI-kaI naI vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiN| nArI zabda kI vyAkhyAe~ dekhie : "inakI A~kheM haiM karuNA kI kArikA/zatrutA chU nahIM sakatI inheM milana-sArI mitratA/muphta milatI rahatI inase / / yahI kAraNa hai ki/inakA sArthaka nAma hai 'nArI'/yAnI 'na ari' nArI"/athavA/ye ArI nahIM haiN/sonaarii|" (pR. 202) nArI ke hI paryAyavAcI 'mahilA' zabda kI vyAkhyA dekhie : "jo/maha yAnI maMgalamaya mAhaula,/mahotsava jIvana meM lAtI hai 'mahilA' kahalAtI vaha |/jo nirAdhAra huA, nirAlamba,/AdhAra kA bhUkhA jIvana ke prati udAsIna - hatotsAhI huA/usa puruSa meM... mahI yAnI dharatI/dhRti-dhAriNI jananI ke prati/apUrva AsthA jagAtI hai / aura puruSa ko rAstA batAtI hai/sahI-sahI gantavya kA mahilA kahalAtI vaha !" (pR. 202) isI prakAra abalA, kumArI, strI, sutA, duhitA Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyA bhI draSTavya hai| - yaha racanA kAvya hote hue bhI kathA-kahAnI-sI rocakatA lie hue hai| isameM nirjIva mAne jAne vAle pAtroM ke sajIva evaM cuTIle vArtAlApoM meM sajIvatA hai| isa prakAra 'mUkamATI' Adhunika hindI kAvya jagat kI eka anUThI kRti hai / Adhunika jaina hindI kAvya sAhitya meM to isake samakakSa kI zAyada hI koI racanA hogii| kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha racanA hindI kAvya ke mahArathiyoMjayazaMkara prasAda, sumitrAnandana panta, mahAdevI varmA, sUryakAnta tripAThI 'nirAlA' Adi kI racanAoM ke samakakSa hai| sAhitya jagat ke bandhuoM se yaha apekSA hai ki hama svayaM isakA anuzIlana kara apane jIvana ko UrdhvamukhI banAe~ tathA isakA pracAra va prasAra kara bhAratIya kAvya sAhitya meM isako ucita sthAna dilaaeN|
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________________ lisa Ama-sase darzana zilA21jisamA sAsa manilA 20 -tattvAMsa. jisane usakA polaha usake bhAI zani kAma 3) bhayako abhAti 204-ManAra. a649446411 44,240 4404) 3H0Raiha -guNA -yAya pAvana-kara-kara parosa205se. suka jhA -sRjana kA samara81 3341 - scr0||2vir carI bhadiyA jame jatAyatAkAlA bhajanakA atha aura 1211 garama pUpayA samana samedira banA jaba rAjA 'mUkamATI' racayitA kI hastalipi saujanya se : zrI abhinandana sAMdhelIya, pATana (jabalapura)
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________________ pariziSTa : prathama AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva, jIvana-darzana aura racanA - saMsAra AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI khaNDa eka : vyaktitva kA vikAsa aura usakA paricaya vyaktitva vyakti kA sarvasva hai, jisa para AtmavAdI cintana ke Aloka meM to vicAra kiyA hI jAtA haivijJAna ke zAkhA vizeSa manovijJAna ke Aloka meM bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vijJAna vyAvahArika sattA para hI vicAra karatA hai, kAraNa vaha apane pariniSThita jJAna kA aindriya pratyakSa se satyApana karatA hai| pAramArthika sattA yA sattA ke pAramArthika pakSa kA parIkSaNa yA jAnakArI usakI prakriyA meM hai hI nahIM / manovijJAna vyakti ke vyaktitva ko pariveza aura anuvaMza ke guNana kA pratiphala mAnatA hai, AtmavAdI usakI sambhAvanAoM ko aparimeya batAtA hai - ve Izvaratva paryavasAyinI haiM / isIlie mAnA gayA hai : "naratvaM durlabhaM loke" / manovijJAna mAnatA hai ki "vyaktitva vyakti ke vyavahAra kI vaha vyApaka vizeSatA hai jo usake vicAroM aura unako pragaTa karane ke DhaMga, usakI abhivRtti aura ruci, kArya karane ke usake DhaMga aura jIvana ke prati usake vyaktigata dArzanika dRSTikoNa se prakaTa hotI hai" (rAbarTa esa. vuDavartha) / vyaktitva zArIrika manovijJAna aura sAmAjika manovijJAna kA saMgamasthala hai| inakA milana kabhI-kabhI vaicArika dvandva khar3A kara detA hai / eka pakSa kahatA hai ki vyaktitva ke nirmANa meM kevala jaivika tattva kAma karate haiM, jabaki dUsarA sAmAjika tattvoM kI balapUrvaka duhAI detA hai| sAmAjika tattvoM ke mUla meM vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza kA prabhAva sammilita hai aura zArIrika kAraNa vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza - donoM kA pariNAma ho sakatA hai| abhiprAya yaha ki kisI ke vyaktitva para vicAra karate samaya vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai / donoM kI paraspara anta: kriyA bhI isa sandarbha meM ullekhya haiN| vaMzAnukrama se jo saMskAra milate haiM, pariveza meM unakA vikAsa hotA hai| AtmavAdI jaina mAnate haiM ki jIva cinmaya hai| jJAna usakA sAkSAt lakSaNa hai| vaha nisargata: anantajJAna viziSTa hai / usameM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya jaise ananta catuSTaya svabhAvata: vidyamAna haiM, para kaSAyajanya paudgalika karmoM se AvRta haiM / tapa aura dhyAna se karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra manovijJAna kevala vyAvahArika vyaktitva kA aura AtmavAda pAramArthika svarUpa kA vicAra karatA hai / manovijJAna mAnava vyaktitva ko anuvaMza aura pariveza kA guNanaphala mAnakara sImA banAtA hai, AtmavAda ina sabako AtmasAt kara aura Upara jAtA hai aura use aparimeya nirUpita karatA huA jor3a-guNA kI sImA se ekadama pare uThA le jAtA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva yA unake svabhAva ke ubhayavidha rUpoM para hama vicAra kareMge / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA AnuvAMzika paricaya loka meM mAnava-janma kI upalabdhi durlabha hai kyoMki mAnavetara yoniyoM meM una aparimeya UrdhvagAminI sambhAvanAoM IT dvAra anAvRta nahIM hotA jo isa yoni meM hotA hai| para yaha sambhAvanA upalabdhi tabhI banatI hai jaba vidyA dhAryamANa hotI hai| patA nahIM kina ajJAta kAraNoM se mAtA-pitA ne vandyapAda zizu kA nAmakaraNa 'vidyAdhara' kiyA, para nAma tapa, dhyAna aura zAstraniSThApUrvaka arjita vidyA se anvartha bana gyaa| vidvAn ho mAnava aura usameM sarjanAtmaka kavitva kA udaya ho to sone meM sugandha kI sthiti A jAtI hai, para kavitA bhI kavitA taba hotI hai jaba pratibhAnurUpa zakti vidyamAna ho / AcAryazrI meM ye sAre pakSa apanI garimA meM uccatama zikhara taka pahu~ce hue haiN| ThIka hI kahA hai :
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________________ 484:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA " naratvaM durlabhaM loke vidyA tatra sudurlabhA / kavitvaM durlabhaM loke zaktistatra sudurlabhA / / " I aise bhaviSNu AcArya kA dharAdhAma para avataraNa karnATaka prAnta ke belagAma jilA ke antargata sadalagA grAma ke nikaTavartI nagara 'cikkor3I' meM vikrama saMvat 2003 kI zarada pUrNimA, 10 akTUbara, 1946, bRhaspativAra ko lagabhaga ardharAtri ko huA thA / dizAe~ aneka haiM, para vAstavika aura mahanIya dizA to vahI prAcI hai jisake garbha se sUryodaya hotA hai / zrImatI zrImatIjI aSTage aisI hI prAcI dizA thIM jisake garbha meM vidyAdhara prabhAkara AyA / zrImatI zrImatIjI sadalagA nivAsI suzrAvaka zrI mallappA pArasappAjI aSTage kI dharmapatnI thiiN| zrI mallappAjI kA udaya bhI kisI aura kAzIbAI nAmaka prAcI se sambhava huA thA - jo puNyazloka zrI pArasappA mallappAjI aSTage kI dharmapatnI thIM / isa prabhAkara vidyAdhara meM eka ora usa dahakane kI sambhAvanA bhI thI, jo amAMgalika tattvoM ko dhvasta kara DAlatI hai aura dUsarI ora vaha zItala prakAza bhI hai jo abhyudaya aura ni:zreyaskArI hai| ye aisI vizeSatAe~ haiM jo lokaprasiddha prabhAkara se isa prabhAkara kA vyatireka banAtI haiN| "udayati dizi yasyAM bhAnureSaiva prAcI / " nizcaya hI yaha vaMza AdhyAtmika saMskAroM se maNDita rahA hai / phalataH ve saMskAra aura praguNita hokara vidyAdharazrI kI cetanA meM saMkrAnta ho gae the / inake mAtA-pitA the to apane gA~va meM sAhUkAra ke rUpa meM parigaNita, para unameM vaNigvRtti udagra nahIM thI / kRSi jIvikA thI / lena-dena calatA thA, para ve samAja meM eka aise nyAsI (TrasTI) ke rUpa meM bhI jAne jAte jo nirvyAja jJAta pAtroM kI sahAyatA karate the / pratidina devadarzana, zAstra svAdhyAya, samAja sabhAoM meM dharma-carcA unakI dinacaryA thI / yaha unakI vidyA - vinaya - sampannatA hI thI ki loga unheM mallinAtha bhagavAn ke nAma se mallinAtha hI pukArane lage the| mAtA-pitA yadA-kadA muni darzana aura tIrthATana ke lie bhI bAhara jAyA karate the / yaha parivAra apane AcaraNa meM naitikatA, vrataniSThA kA pUrI cetanA se pAlana karatA thA / bhojana meM zAkAhAra aura zuddhi kI bAta to sAmAnya thI / mAtA meM yaha bhAvanA ki saMsAra vinazvara hai, zarIra to apanI zIryamANatA ke lie prasiddha hai hI, ata: usakI cintA tapasyA ke sambandha meM Ar3e nahIM AnA cAhie, jama gaI thii| phalata: ve asvasthatA ko naz2araMdAz2a karatI huI vrataupavAsa to nirantara rakhatI thiiN| kisI racanAkAra ne kahA hai : "satyaM manoramA rAmAH satyaM ramyA vibhUtayaH / kintu mattAGganApAGgabhaGgalolaM hi jIvitam / / " yaha sahI hai ki saMsAra meM dAmpatya sukha abhilaSaNIya hai, puruSa ke lie ramaNI aura ramaNI ke lie puruSa vilokanIya hai| saMsAra meM bahuta kucha aisA hai jo cetanA ko apanI ora khIMcatA hai, para kucha loga ina sabake bIca bhI aise haiM jo jAnate haiM ki jisa jIvana ke lie yaha saba kucha hai usakI sattA kA kyA ThikAnA ? eka dUba kI noka para par3I osa kI bU~da kI - sI sthiti usakI hai, jo eka halakI havA kI jhoMka se kabhI bhI girakara vinaSTa ho sakatI hai| isalie nirantara aisI sthiti kI ora lakSya rakhatI thIM jo niratizaya aura avinazvara ho / isa lakSya kI divyacetanA saMsAra ke kSaNika AkarSaNoM kaise pha~sa sakatI thI ? mAtA-pitA donoM hI dharmaparAyaNa, alpaparigrahI, parArthasevAbhAvI tathA paramArthI svabhAva ke vyakti the / ghara ke pramukha kI isa sadvRtti kI sugandha pUre pArivArika pariveza meM vyApta thI / sunA jAtA hai ki ye donoM pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazI apane grAma se aThAraha kilomITara dUra eka aise samAdhisthala para jAyA karate the jo akkivATa ke nAma se prasiddha thA aura jisameM bhaTTAraka muni zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI smRti saMcita thii| aise hI pArivArika pariveza meM isa mahApuruSa kA avataraNa huaa| nAma bhI kadAcit isa zizu kA inhIM munizrI ke nAma para vidyAdhara rakhA gayA /
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 485 isa dampatI se dasa santAneM paidA huIM-jinameM se cAra to akAla meM hI kAla kavalita ho giiN| zeSa cha: meM cAra putra aura do putriyA~ raha ge| sabase bar3e putra zrI mahAvIra prasAda haiN| inakA janma 1943 meM huA thA / sadalagA ke nikaTa zamanevAr3I grAma meM pArivArika virAsata kI rakSA karate hue saparivAra sasammAna apanA kulocita jIvanayApana kara rahe haiN| vidyAdhara inhIM ke anujanmA haiN| inakI do anujAe~ haiM-zAntA aura svarNA / ina anujAoM ke anantara do bhAI aura Ae-anantanAtha aura zAntinAtha / bar3e bhAI mahAvIra ko chor3akara mAtA-pitA aura anuja-anujAe~ vidhivat jainasAdhanA kI paramArtha dhArA meM utarate ge| ka - pArivArika pariveza pArivArika, sArasvata tathA jaina dhArmika pariveza anuvaMzata: prApta saMskAra pariveza kI anukUlatA se vikasita hote haiM-vijJAnAntargata manovijJAna kI zAkhA yaha mAnatI hai / vaise, jaisA ki AtmavAda mAnatA hai Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sArI sambhAvanAe~ mAnava nisargata: lekara AtA hai, para pariveza usake vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotA hai / yaha mAnane meM kisI ko koI kaThinAI nahIM hai| mahApuruSoM ke garbhastha hone para mAtA-pitA ko maMgalasUcaka svapnAvasthA meM kucha ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI haiN| inake sAtha bhI kucha aisA hI ghaTita huA / garbhastha zizu kI mAtA aura pitA ke sAtha bhI yaha ghaTita huaa| mAtA ke svapna meM cakra kA Akara rukanA aura do RddhidhArI muniyoM ko AhAra denA bhAvI zubha ghaTanA ke sUcaka the| usI rAta pitA ko bhI svapna AyA ki ve eka kheta meM khar3e haiM-jahA~ dahAr3atA huA eka siMha AyA aura unheM nigala gyaa| ___ mAtA-pitA cU~ki tIrthATana ke nimitta prAya: Ate-jAte the| eka bAra zizu vidyAdhara (jise pyAra se pIlU, ginI, marI, totA bhI kahA jAtA thA) jo kevala Der3ha varSa kA thA, sAtha gayA thaa| mAtA-pitA ne inase bhI zravaNabelagolA (hAsana, karnATaka) meM virAjamAna vizvavizruta gommaTezvara bhagavAn bAhubalI kI pUjA-arcA kraaii| bhaktibhAva se to ve yoM hI ApUrita the, vahA~ eka ghaTita ghaTanA se usameM aura vRddhi ho gii| huA yaha ki pUjA kAla meM anavadhAnatAvaza pIlU sIr3hiyoM se lur3hakatA huA nIce calA gayA, para gyArahavIM sIr3hI para sakuzala par3A rahA / mAtA-pitA sakuzala sthiti meM pAkara santuSTa ho ge| ve vahA~ se kArakala, mUDabidrI, hailiviDa aura maisUra Adi sthAnoM para deva-darzana aura muni-darzana karate hue ghara vApisa lauTe / nizcaya hI isa yAtrA se zizu kA svaccha mAnasa saMskArita aura raMjita huaa| bAlaka kI cetanA bhI Adarza dinacaryA dekhakara prabhAvita huii| bAlaka meM bacapana se hI titikSA aura vedanA ke saha sakane kI kSamatA vibhinna sandarbho meM bar3hane lgii| kabhI bicchU kA DaMka bardAzta karanA par3A to kabhI anyavidha pratikUla sthitiyoM kA dbaav| kha - sArasvata pariveza pA~ca varSa kI avasthA hone para pArivArika pariveza ke atirikta sArasvata saMsthAnoM kA pariveza milA / vahA~ pUrva saMskAravaza jJAnasaGkrAnti tejI se hotI gii| sahapAThiyoM se sauhArda aura saumanasya tathA gurujanoM ke prati zraddhA barAbara ekarasa banI rhii| isI krama meM sArasvata saMsthAnoM se haTakara AcAryoM ke upadeza aura unakA sAnnidhya milatA rahA / zeDavAla meM AcArya zrI zAntisAgarajI ke pravacana-zravaNa ne vidyAdhara ko aura dharmonmukha kara diyaa| unheM bhaktAmarastotra, mokSazAstra-sabhI kaNThastha the| muni zrI mahAbalajI mahArAja kA bhI Adeza aura AzIrvacana milaa| eka tIsare AcAryapravara zrI dezabhUSaNajI the jo sadalagA grAma meM padhArakara una dinoM zAstra pravacana rUpa dharmopadeza dete the| vidyAdhara isa samaya kannar3a bhASA ke mAdhyama se sAtavIM kakSA ke chAtra the| usI samaya pU~jIbandhana saMskAra kA Ayojana huaa| bAraha varSa kI
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________________ 486 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA avasthA tathA tadartha mAtA-pitA kI anumati na milane para bhI bAlaka vidyAdhara isa saMskAra ke lie sannaddha hokara prathama paMkti meM baiTha gayA aura prathama pU~jIbandhana usI kA sampanna huaa| vidyAdhara kI ruci aura pratibhA vividhAyAmI thIkhelakUda, zataraMja, citranirmANa Adi meM bhI avasthAnurUpa acchI gati thii| hiMsA aura AtaMkavAda kA kaTTara virodhI bAlaka gA~dhI aura neharU se bhI prabhAvita thaa| ina sabake sAtha unakI dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika vRtti utkarSa kI ora isa prakAra bar3ha rahI thI ki mAtA-pitA ko yaha cintA satAne lagI thI ki lar3akA kahIM hAtha se nikala na jAya / solaha varSa kI avasthA meM to mandira jAne ke sAtha zAstra svAdhyAya aura pravacana kA krama bhI gati pakar3ane lgaa| sabhA meM praznottara bhI hote aura nirvikalpa jJAna prApti ke lie zaMkA samAdhAna bhI hote / sAtA vedanIya ke Asava ke hetuoM meM bhUtavratyanukampA' bhI eka hai-jisakA udreka unake AcaraNa meM spaSTa lakSita hotA thaa| prasiddha hai ki naukara dvArA baila ko piTate dekha svayam ko usake sthAna para Apane apane ko lagA liyaa| ga - jaina prasthAna kA dhArmika pariveza jahA~ kahIM bhI ve muniyoM kA Agamana sunate, vahA~ pahu~ca jAte the / eka bAra sunA ki boragA~va meM muni zrI nemisAgarajI ne samAdhimaraNa kA vrata le rakhA hai, so vahA~ pahu~ca gae aura unakI sevA-zuzrUSA meM rama gae / isa prakAra pArivArika, sArasvata saMsthAnoM ke pariveza tathA aneka muni mahArAjoM ke prati gaharA lagAva unameM vairAgyabhAva ko tIvra kara rahA thA / aba unakI cetanA meM kisI aise saMgha kI khoja kI abhIpsA jagI, jo sarvathA durnivAra thI / isa abhIpsA se mAtA-pitA kI anumati ke binA hI brahmacarya vrata dhAraNa karane ke aDiga saMkalpavaza ve jayapurastha AcArya zrI dezabhUSaNajI ke pAsa bIsa varSa kI avasthA meM hI pahu~ca ge| unakI vairAgyavRtti ko havA milI zrI gopAladAsa baraiyA dvArA praNIta 'jaina siddhAnta pravezikA' ke kaNThasthIkaraNa se / zrI vidyAdhara meM gurubhakti bhI adbhuta thii| munivaroM kI sevA pratyeka sthiti meM bar3e manoyoga se karate the| ina saba sopAnoM para car3hate-car3hate antata: unheM brahmacarya vrata mila hI gyaa| parivAra se nikala jAne kA kleza parivAra jana ko thA hI, para vaha inake aDiga saMkalpa ke Ar3e nahIM A sakA / ikkIsaveM varSa meM vidyAdhara aba praviSTa ho cuke the| AcAryapravara zrI dezabhUSaNajI ke saMgha meM zarIka hokara cUlagiri, jayapura, rAjasthAna se unake sAtha zravaNabelagolA, hAsana, karnATaka pahu~cakara bhagavAn gomaTezvara ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke pavitra pariveza meM ve bhItara se bhIMga ge| upasarga aura parISahoM para vo nirantara vijaya lAbha karate hI ge| stavanidhi kSetra se zrI vidyAdhara bambaI hote hue ajamera, rAjasthAna pahu~ce / zrI kajaur3Imala ke ghara Ae aura unake Agraha para AhAra grahaNa kiyaa| phira unhoMne samIpastha madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha meM virAjamAna munivarya zrI jJAnasAgarajI ke caraNoM meM upasthita hone kA apanA saMkalpa sunaayaa| kajaur3ImalajI unheM vahA~ le gae aura vidyAdharajI unakA darzana kara dhanya-dhanya ho ge| guruvara ne parIkSA lene ke nimitta pUchA ki vaha yahA~-vahA~ ghUmate rahane kI pravRttivaza puna: vahA~ se lauTa to nahIM jAyagA ? isa para zrI vidyAdharajI ne savArI ke upayoga karane kA tyAgakara 'IryA caryA' grahaNa karane kI bAta kii| gurudeva vismayAnvita ho utthe| aba ve zAstrAbhyAsa aura gurusevA meM DUbate gae / mUlata: kannar3a bhASAbhASI evaM navamI kakSA taka vidyAdhyayana karane vAle vidyAdhara ke saMskRta aura hindI bhASA ke jJAna kI kamI ko dUra kiyA paM. mahendrakumArajI ne / brahmacArI vidyAdhara abhI 22 varSa kA bhI nahIM huA thA-para usakI agAdha guruniSThA, zAstrAbhyAsa aura dRDhavrata kA bhAva dekhakara gurudeva itane prabhAvita hue ki ajamera, rAjasthAna meM vidyAdhara ko sIdhe (kSullaka, ailaka dIkSA kI sIr3hiyoM ko pArakara) muni dIkSA de dI / kezaluMca ho cukA thaa| dIkSA saMskAroM ke uparAnta ASAr3ha zukla paMcamI, vi. saM. 2025, 30 jUna, 1968 ko ve vidyAdhara se muni vidyAsAgara ho ge|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 487 gha - vAsantika pariNati dIkSA ke anantara zAstrajJAna kI tIvra pipAsA ne manISiyoM ke saujanya se tRpti pAI / san 1969 meM zrI jJAnasAgarajI ne AcAryapada grahaNa kiyaa| phira AcArya jJAnasAgarajI ne nasIrAbAda, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM mArgazIrSa kRSNa dvitIyA, vi. saM. 2029, 22. navambara, 1972 ko gurudakSiNA ke rUpa meM vivaza kara muni vidyAsAgarajI ko AcAryapada para abhiSikta kara apanI sallekhanA unhIM kI dekharekha meM prArambha kI aura 1 jUna, 1973 ko samAdhistha ho ge| inakI tapazcaryA se parivAra itanA prabhAvita huA ki donoM bhAiyoM aura bahinoM ne bhI gRhatyAga kara jaina prasthAna meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| bAda meM to mAtA-pitA bhI mokSamArga meM zaraNAgata ho gae / " yo'nUcAnaH sa no mahAn " - hotA hai| kahA gayA hai - " na tena vRddho bhavati yenAsya palitaM ziraH " - jJAnavRddha, tapovRddha sarvocca hotA hai / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara isa zikhara para ArUr3ha ho cuke the| AcAryapada para vibhUSita hokara saMgha saMcAlana kA dAyitva avadhAnapUrvaka sa~bhAla rahe the / cAturmAsa Adi kI kAlAvadhi meM unake dvArA racanA praNayana kA jo zubhArambha huA, aneka stotra tathA kAvyoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA calI usakI vAsantika pariNati 'mUkamATI' meM huI / sAtha-sAtha saMgha meM dIkSAdAna kA krama bhI nirantara calatA rhaa| isI ke sAtha hI mahilA varga meM jJAna aura cAritra ke unnayana hetu sAgara tathA jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM do AzramoM kI bhI sthApanA kii| ve 'brAhmI vidyAzrama' ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM / '84 jabalapura meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna kI sthApanA huii| inake nirdezana meM aneka mandira aura mahanIya Azrama bhI banate jA rahe haiM / sAgara, madhyapradeza meM janasevA ke nimitta 'bhAgyodaya tIrtha' saMjJaka cikitsAlaya to jabalapura meM 'bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina prazAsakIya prazikSaNa saMsthAna' aura deza bhara meM gau sevA ke nimitta zatAdhika gauzAlAe~ bhI sthApita huI haiM / abhI taka Apase 89 muni, 172 AryikA, 20 ailaka, 14 kSullaka evaM 3 kSullikAe~ dIkSA pAkara mokSamArga para agrasara hue haiM tathA saikar3oM bAla brahmacArI yuvakayuvatiyA~ bhI sAdhanArata haiN| I isa prakAra anuvaMza, pariveza tathA mahAmanISiyoM ke sAnnidhya se inakA vikasita aura vilokanIya vyaktitva apane AcaraNoM meM nirantara pratiphalita hotA A rahA hai / khaNDa do : jIvana darzana 'darzana' zabda kA jaina prasthAna meM artha hai - zraddhAna / 'ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' meM kahA gayA hai : "zraddhAnaM paramArthAnAmAptAgamatapobhRtAm / trimUDhApoDhamaSTAGgaM samyagdarzanamasmayam" // 4 // paramArthabhUta deva, zAstra aura guru kA trividha mUr3hatAoM se rahita, ATha aMgoM se sahita tathA ATha prakAra ke madoM se rahita zraddhAna karanA hI 'samyak darzana' kahA jAtA hai / zramaNa prasthAna ke atirikta brAhmaNa prasthAna meM 'darzana' kA artha mukhya jJAna hai| jaina prasthAna meM jJAna 'darzana' se bhinna hai / 'darzana' sAkSAtkAra hai / sAkSAtkArAtmaka jJAna hai - jo do prakAra (brAhmaNa darzana) kA hai - paramparayA sAkSAtkArAtmaka tathA sAkSAt sAkSAtkArAtmaka / pahalA indriya tathA mana sApekSa hotA hai aura dUsarA donoM se nirapekSa svayam (Atma) se svayam kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / ise sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti kahate haiN| jaina prasthAna meM pratyakSa jJAna isI dUsare prakAra ke indriya-mana :- nirapekSa Atmabala se hone vAlA jJAna hai / vahA~ parokSa aura pratyakSa jaise jJAna ke do bheda haiN| inameM parokSabhUta mati zrutajJAna se bhinna tathA indriya va mana kI sahAyatA binA Atmabala se hone vAlA pratyakSa jJAna bhI avadhi, mana:paryaya tathA kevalajJAna rUpa trividha hai / sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti yA 1
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________________ 488 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA kevalajJAna hI pratyakSa kA pAramArthika rUpa hai| jIvana darzana ke sandarbha meM isI sAkSAt aparokSAnubhUti yA kevalajJAna ko lenA avasarocita lagatA hai| isa darzana ko dRSTi kA paryAya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha darzana yA dRSTi trividha hai / dRSTi yA darzana vizvadRSTi, jIvanadRSTi, kAvyadRSTi aura AlocanadRSTi ke bheda se vividha prakAra kI hai| hameM yahA~ jIvanadRSTi yA darzana para vicAra karanA hai / vizvadRSTi se abhiprAya vizva ke mUlabhUta upAdAna se hai jabaki 'jIvanadarzana' trikoNa hai - zIrSa para gantavya hai, tadartha nirdhArita mArga dvitIya AdhAra bindu hai aura tRtIya bindu hai - mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa ke lie manana yA cintana | isa manana meM apane mArga ke prati AsthA ko vikampita karane vAle jo vikAra hoM, unakA khaNDana kare / yahA~ khaNDana apane mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa ke lie hai, na ki parakIya mata ke khaNDana ke lie| maMz2ilabaddha sAdhaka sabhI mArgoM ke prati sahiSNu hotA hai para AsthA apane prasthAna ke mArga ke prati rakhanA hai / anekAntavAda isI kA pariNAma hai| AcAryazrI ke jIvana-darzana kA jahA~ taka sambandha hai, unakI racanAoM se use prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / racanA yAnI kAvya meM sAdhanA-labdha saMvedanA mukhara rahatI hai| usakI puSTi meM, taha meM siddhAnta aura mAnyatAe~ saMlagna rahatI haiN| kisI santa kA jIvana-darzana usakI sAdhanA-prasUta saMvedanA kI abhivyakti se nirjharita hotA hai / ata: unakI racanAoM mAdhyama se unakA jIvana-darzana pAyA jA sakatA hai| AcAryazrI 'darzana' kA artha kevala 'manana' taka hI sImita rakhate haiN| ve kahate haiM : " darzana kA srota mastaka hai, / svastika se aMkita hRdaya se adhyAtma kA jharanA jharatA hai / / darzana ke binA adhyAtma - jIvana cala sakatA hai, calatA hI hai / ... adhyAtma svAdhIna nayana hai darzana parAdhIna upanayana / darzana meM darza nahIM zuddhatattva kA... adhyAtma sadA satya cidrUpa hI / bhAsvata hotA hai / " ( 'mUkamATI, pR. 288 ) isa prakAra ve mAnate haiM ki darzana mastiSka kI upaja hai jabaki adhyAtma kA srota hRdaya hai| jo bhI ho, jIvanadarzana meM gantavya, mArga aura AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa meM upayogI manana- tInoM kA samAveza hai / Akhira mastiSka prasUta cintana sAdhana hI hai - sAdhya yA gantavya to hai nahIM / uparyukta tInoM bindu paraspara saMlagna aura sambaddha haiN| unakA vicAra hai - "darzana kA Ayudha zabda hai - vicAra, adhyAtma nirAyudha hotA hai/ sarvathA stabdha - nirvicAra ! / eka jJAna hai, jJeya bhI/ eka dhyAna hai, dhyeya bhI " ( 'mUkamATI, pR. 289 ) / unakI dRSTi meM : 44 ''sva' ko sva ke rUpa meM / 'para' ko para ke rUpa meM / jAnanA hI sahI jJAna hai, aura/'sva' meM ramaNa karanA / sahI jJAna kA 'phala' / " ('mUkamATI', pR. 375) AcAryazrI kI dRSTi meM yahI gantavya hai / 'tattvArthasUtra' meM AcAryazrI umAsvAmI kA kahanA hai : "kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH / " sampUrNa karma kA kSaya hote hI jIva apane naisargika svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai aura usameM ina ananta catuSTayoM kI utpatti sadyaH ho jAtI hai - ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya / AcAryazrI ne apane DhaMga se gantavya kA svarUpa ukta paMktiyoM meM spaSTa kara diyA hai| use yAnI mokSarUpa maMz2ila ko aura spaSTa karate hue unhoMne kahA hai : "bandhana-rUpa tana,/mana aura vacana kA / AmUla miTa jAnA hI
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 489 mokSa hai|/isii kI zuddha- dazA meM / avinazvara sukha hotA hai / jise prApta hone ke bAda, / yahA~ / saMsAra meM AnA kaise sambhava hai tuma hI batAo / " ('mUkamATI, pR. 486 - 487) dugdha se nikalane para navanIta punaH dUdha meM nahIM jAtA / tathA yaha anubhUti : "vizvAsa ko anubhUti milegI / avazya milegI magara/mArga meM nahIM,/maMjila para !" ('mUkamATI, pR. 488 ) AcAryazrI bhI mArga - maMz2ila kI bAta spaSTa taura para kara rahe haiN| Upara jIvana-darzana ke phrema yAnI DhA~ce meM inakI carcA AI hai| isa prakAra jIvana-darzana ke bindu to spaSTa haiN| maMz2ila arthAt gantavya kA svarUpa spaSTa hai / samprati mArga kI bAta prakrAnta hai / 1 1 AcAryazrI kI racanAoM meM jaina prasthAna kI mAnyatAe~ aura siddhAntoM kI rocaka prastuti huI hai / 'mUkamATI' ke 'mAnasa taraMga' meM lekhaka ne spaSTa kahA hai : "aise hI kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM ke udghATana hetu isa kRti kA sRjana huA hai / " prAya: samasta kRti meM sAdhaka ghaTa ko pratIka banAkara jaina prasthAna kA tapa:sAdhya mArga hI nirUpita huA hai | 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni' kA jvalanta nidarzana hai taporata ghaTa kA pratIka / AcArya zrI umAsvAmI ne kahA hai : "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / " mokSa, jo gantavya yA maMz2ila hai, taka le jAnevAlA mArga inhIM ratnatraya kA ekAnvita rUpa hai / samyagdarzana sAdhaka jIva kA zraddhAna hai, usake kAraNa hI jJAna meM samIcInatA kA AdhAna hotA hai aura tabhI AtmasvabhAva aura vibhAva, sva-para kA bheda samajha kara, jaisA ki AcAryazrI ne kahA hai, AtmA apane guNoM meM ramaNa karatI hai / samyak cAritra yahI hai / sArA kAvya batAtA hai ki sAdhaka kisa taraha Atmagata sAMkarya naSTa karatA hai, pApaprakSAlana karatA hai, upasarga aura parISahoM kA maraNAntaka sAmanA karatA hai, Aga jaisI paristhitiyoM meM tapakara paripakva hotA hai, satpAtratA arjita karatA hai, zraddhAjala se ApUrita hokara zrI sadguru ke netRtva meM AtmasamarpaNa karatA hai - svayaM aura apane avalamba ko vipatti sAgara se pAra utAratA hai aura svayaM santaraNa kara jAtA hai| maMz2ila taka pahu~cane meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ke sopAna pAra karane par3ate haiM / grantha meM unameM se bhI kucha kA upalakSaNa rUpa meM saMketa vidyamAna hai / antata: zrI sadguru sthAnIya zilpI kumbhakAra bhI usa arihanta kI ora saMketa karatA hai jo upadeza ke amRta kI dhArAsAra vRSTi kara rahA hai| jIvana-darzana kA tIsarA bindu hai - manana / isake dvArA svakIya mArga ke prati AsthA ke dRr3hIkaraNa ke lie cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura parakIya virodhI pakSoM kA nirasana kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie 'mUkamATI' meM kArya mAtra ke prati kevala upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| jaina prasthAna mAnatA hai ki sRSTi anAdi hai-usake karttArUpa meM Izvara kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai / mAnava mAtra meM svayam Izvaratva paryavasAyinI sambhAvanA hai, pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA hone kI sambhAvanA hai, paramAtmA jaisI alaga se koI viziSTa sattA nahIM hai| AcAryazrI ne svAti ke jala se muktA ke banane meM kisI karttA kA astitva nahIM dekhA hai / jala svayam upAdAna hai aura viziSTa kakSa meM usakA A jAnA nimitta hai / kArya aura karttA kA avinAbhAva sambandha hotA, jo yahA~ bhI lakSita hotA hai / AcAryazrI ne prasaMgAt aneka mAnyatAoM kI bAta kI hai / parA, pazyantI, madhyamA aura vaikharI kA uttama nirUpaNa bhI 'mUkamATI' (pR. 401 - 404) grantha meM huA hai / 'niyati' aura 'puruSArtha' ke dvandva para bhI unakI apanI mAnyatA isI grantha meM (pR. 349) vyakta huI hai| unakI dRSTi meM 'apane meM lIna honA hI niyati haiM' tathA 'AtmA ko chor3akara saba padArthoM ko vismRta karanA hI puruSArtha hai'| jIva kA svarUpa isa prasthAna meM na to aNurUpa hai aura na hI vibhu,
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________________ 490 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vaha svadeha parimANa hai / aisI tamAma apane prasthAna kI mAnyatAe~ prasaMgata: vyakta huI haiN| ye mAnyatAe~ mananaprasUta haiM jo yahA~ paripuSTa huI haiN| antataH niSkarSa rUpa meM AcAryazrI ke apane jIvana-darzana ke aMga rUpa vibhinna sopAnoM kA atyanta rocaka pakSa prastuta karane ke lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| unakA kitanA saMgata anubhava hai jo adhyAtmamArga meM sarvasammata pratIta hai| unhoMne kahA hai : " 'pUta kA lakSaNa pAlane meM kahA thA na beTA, hamane/usa samaya, jisa samaya tumane merI AjJA kA pAlana kiyA/jo/kumbhakAra kA saMsarga kiyA/so sRjanazIla jIvana kA/Adima sarga huaa|/jiskaa saMsarga kiyA jAtA hai usake prati samarpaNa bhAva ho,/usake caraNoM meM tumane/jo ahaM kA utsarga kiyA/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/dvitIya sarga huaa| samarpaNa ke bAda samarpita kI/bar3I-bar3I parIkSAyeM hotI haiM aura "suno !/kharI-kharI samIkSAyeM hotI haiM, tumane agni-parIkSA dI/utsAha sAhasa ke sAtha/jo/upasarga sahana kiyA, so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/tRtIya sarga huaa| parIkSA ke bAda/pariNAma nikalatA hI hai/parAzrita-anusvAra, yAnI bindu-mAtra varNa-jIvana ko/tumane UrdhvagAmI-UrdhvamukhI/jo svAzrita visarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA/antima sarga huaa| nisarga se hI/sRj-dhAtu kI bhA~ti/bhinna-bhinna upasarga pA tumane svayaM ko/jo/nisarga kiyA,/so/sRjanazIla jIvana kA vargAtIta apavarga huaa|" ('mUkamATI, pR. 482-483) dharatI (mahAsattA) ke dvArA kumbha ko sambodhita ina vacanoM ne sabako kumbhakAra kI ora unmukha kara diyA aura kumbhakAra ne namratA kI mudrA meM Akara isa sabako RSi-santoM kI kRpA batAte hue kucha hI dUrI para pAdapa ke nIce pASANaphalaka para AsIna nIrAga sAdhu kI ora sabakA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyaa| unakI pradakSiNA huI, pAdodaka sara para lagAyA gayA, phira bhI cAtaka kI bhA~ti gurukRpA kI pratIkSA meM saba / gurudeva hAtha uThakAra kahate haiM : "zAzvata sukha kA lAbha ho' / isa prakAra manana se puSTIkRta mArga dvArA upalabdha maMz2ila (mokSa) kA svarUpa spaSTa karatA huA santa sadguru mauna ho jAtA hai| ziSyoM kI granthiyA~ chinna-bhinna ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne zAstrIya pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI lauha zRMkhalA se mukta kara jisa sarvamAnya paddhati se apanA jIvana darzana prastuta kiyA hai, vaha hRdaya ko tRpta kara detA hai / isa nirvahaNAtmaka prastuti meM maMz2ila, mArga aura tadartha manana-sabhI kucha A gayA hai| AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja : prathama darzana aura anubhUti mahAkavi zrIharSa ne kahA hai : "guNAdbhute vastuni mauninA cet / vAgjanmavaiphalyamasahyazalyam // " naiSadhIya-caritam
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 491 koI vastu yA vyakti apane guNoM se adbhuta, aloka sAmAnya aura vismayAvaha lage aura darzaka ko isakA gaharAI se ahasAsa ho, cupa na rahA jAya-phira bhI cupa raha jAya, to darzaka kI vANI kA janma viphala ho jAtA hai aura yaha viphalatA kaleje meM gar3e kA~Te kI taraha nirantara kaSTa detI rahatI hai - vo apane Apa meM asahya hai / AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI kI vismayAvaha zArIrika dIpti aura mAnasika vRtti ko prathama darzana para dekhakara aisA hI lgaa| unakI deha se kAnti phUTatI hai-jo anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / unake sAnnidhya meM eka abhUtapUrva zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai- utanI dera ke lie jaise cetanA para chAI huI tamAma vikRtiyA~ tirohita ho jAtI haiM aura apUrva Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai| jihvA aura upastha ko janmajanmAntaragarjita vAsanA kA ambAra barAbara durnivAra dhakkA detA rahatA hai / UrjA, durnivAra UrjA, svabhAvata: jala kI taraha adha:kSaraNa ke lie becaina rahatI hai| sArA saMsAra isa udvela aura vegavAn pravAha meM DUbatA-utarAtA zava kI taraha bahatA calA jAtA hai, para yaha AcAryazrI aura inake prabhAva meM rahane vAlA zramaNa saMgha hai, jo apanI vismayAvaha saMyamavRtti kA paricaya detA hai, jo donoM indriyoM ke uttejaka aura uddIpaka pariveza kA una para vaise hI koI prabhAva nahIM hai, jaise kamala-patra para jala kA / isa krama meM unakA zizubhAva darzanIya hai / jaise zizu usa ora se anajAna banA rahatA hai / vaha saba kucha usake bodha hI meM nahIM hotA, ThIka vahI dazA inakI bhI hai / saMsAra ke sAMsArika havA-pAnI kA una para koI duSprabhAva nahIM hai| tyAga kI to vahA~ parAkASThA hai| digambara, nirvastra mahAtmA ke zarIra para na koI spandana hai, na koI kabhI vikAra / dabAva se yaha sthiti nahIM A sktii| yaha svabhAva bana jAne para hI sambhava hai| damana yA dabAva cetana dazA meM hI kAma kara sakatA hai svapna aura suSupti kI acetana dazA meM nhiiN| vahA~ to svabhAva hI kAma kregaa| AcAryazrI kI cetanA meM yaha svabhAva siddha hai| itanA saba to kevala unake darzana mAtra se pratItigocara hotA hai / sannidhAna meM rahakara bAtacIta ke daurAna eka ora nirvyAja prasAda, RjutA aura sahajatA se maNDita abhivyakti kA pravAha umar3atA lakSita hotA hai to dUsarI ora gahana aura gambhIra dArzanika cintana dhArA kA umar3Ava / vastuta: gAmbhIrya vahIM hotA hai jahA~ prasAda hotA hai / jo jalAzaya nirmala hotA hai vahA~ gaharAI hotI hI hai| unakI vAcika aura laiMgika abhivyakti kI gaharAI unake sAtha zAstrIya carcA meM nirantara jhalakatI rahatI hai| yaha carcA cAhe darzana ke kSetra kI ho yA kAvya ke-ubhayatra unakI prAtibhakSamatA kA atalasparzI rUpa lakSita hotA hai / 'mUkamATI' para carcA ke daurAna donoM kSetroM ke prasaMga DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave aura mere-donoM ke sAmane Ae haiN| DaoN. mAcave kI bhUmikA isa sandarbha meM draSTavya hai| zAstra to unake jIvana meM bolatA hI rahatA hai| __ kAvya-carcA ke daurAna bhI ve aise-aise pakSa sAmane rakhate haiM ki nayA se nayA cintaka bhI stabdha raha jAtA hai / ve mAnate haiM ki kAvyaprAtibha akhaNDa vyApAra hai, ata: na to kAvya ko pAramparika sA~coM meM hI bA~dhA jA sakatA hai aura na hI racanA ko zIrSakoM meM / mahAkavi kI pahacAna hI yahI hai : "so'rthastadvyaktisAmarthyayogI ca zabdazca kazcana / ___yatnataH pratyabhijJeyau tau zabdArthoM mahAkaveH // " mahAkavi ke bala haiM-Akhara aura aratha / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kahate haiM : "kavihiM Akhara aratha bala saaNcaa|" kAlidAsa bhI vAgarthapratipatti' ke lie jagat-mAtA-pitA kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| pratibhAprasUta ye zabda aura artha kucha aura hI hote haiN| na vahA~ artha kI paratoM kI koI iyattA hai aura na usake prakAzana meM samartha zabda kI asIma kSamatA kii| aise meM kavi se nirmukta racanA ko zIrSakoM meM kaise bA~dhA jA sakatA hai ? isa taraha unake sannidhAna meM Ane para aneka smaraNIya pakSa sAmane Ate rahate haiN|
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________________ 492 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA khaNDa tIna : AcArya vidyAsAgara kA racanA-saMsAra 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (eka) kavayitA AcAryazrI vidyAsAgara zramaNa dhArA ke zikhara puruSa haiN| 'kheda' aura tapa' ke artha vAlI zramu' dhAtu se niSpanna 'zramaNa' zabda inake sandarbha meM nitAnta anvartha hai / isa tapomUrti ne jisa bhI sAttvika kSetra meM kadama rakhA-usI meM apanA ullekhya sthAna banA liyaa| inake tapa kA eka pakSa sArasvata tapa bhI hai| usa prazasta aura puSkala tapa kA sAkSI hai - 'samagra : AcArya vidyaasaagr'| isake cAra khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM inakI saMskRta bhASAbaddha maulika racanAe~ unhIM ke bhAvAnuvAda sahita saMgrahIta haiM / isa khaNDa meM kula pA~ca zataka haiM-zramaNa-zatakam, bhAvanA-zatakam, niraJjanazatakam, parISahajaya-zatakam (aparanAma jJAnodaya) tathA suniiti-shtkm| 1. 'zramaNa-zatakam' (saMskRta, 6 maI, 1974) evaM 'zramaNa-zataka' (hindI, 18 sitambara, 1974) 'zramaNa' yaha eka yogarUr3ha saMjJA hai| 'zramu' dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya hone para yaha zabda niSpanna hotA hai| 'tapa' aura tajjanya kheda' isakA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai, para pravRttinimitta kI dRSTi se pracalanavaza eka viziSTa dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie yaha rUr3ha ho gayA hai| bhArata meM sanAtanI vidyA kI abhivyakti dvividha hai-zAbda aura praatibh| prAtibha abhivyakti vAlI dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie yaha saMjJAzabda rUr3ha ho gayA hai| yoM tapa aura tajjanya kheda sabhI AdhyAtmika dhArAoM meM hai, para rUr3hi jaina aura bauddha dhArA ke tapasviyoM ke lie hI hai| isameM bhI dhyAna-sAdhanA to ubhayatra samAna hai- para tapa meM jaina muniyoM kI barAbarI koI nahIM kara sktaa| jaina dhArA meM bhI digambarI tapa apratima hai| AcAryazrI ne ThIka hI kahA "yo dhatte sudRzA samaM munirvAGmanobhyAM ca vapuSA samam / vipazyati sahasA sa maM hyanantaviSayaM na tRSA smm"|| 84 // isa padya kA Apane svayaM hI kAvyAnuvAda 'zramaNa-zataka' (hindI) meM kiyA hai : "vANI, zarIra, mana ko jisane sudhArA, sAnanda sevana kare samatA-sudhArA / dharmAbhibhUta muni hai vaha bhavya jIva; zuddhAtma meM nirata hai rahatA sdaiv"||84|| ye tapasvI madamatta karaNakuMjaroM ko svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke lie vazIbhUta kara lete haiN| vismayAvaha hai inakI tpsyaa| 2. 'niraJjana-zatakam' (saMskRta, 23 maI, 1977) evaM 'niraJjana-zataka' (hindI, 16 jUna, 1977) isa zataka meM niraJjana jinezvara athavA siddha parameSThI kA stavana kiyA gayA hai tAki bhavabhramaNa dhvasta ho ske| unhoMne ThIka hI kahA hai : "nijarucA sphurate bhavate'yate, guNagaNaM gaNanAtigakaM yate !
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________________ rASTrabhASA meM anUdita 'niraJjana - zataka' meM isa padya kA bhAva avalokanIya hai : "svAmI, ananta-guNa-dhAma bane hue ho, zobhAyamAna nija kI dyuti se hue ho / mRtyuMjayI sakala - vijJa vibhAvanAzI; vandUM tumheM, jina banU~ sakalAvabhAzI (SI)" / / 2 / aja, (parame tiSThati - iti parameSThI) zAnti vidhAyaka, sukhasvarUpa ! ApakI stuti se ApakA sukhaprada zraddhAna athavA ApakI stuti kI kiraNAvalI mere isa hRdaya meM paramArtha se usa taraha atyadhika praveza kara rahI hai jisa taraha kI prabhApuMja sUrya kI kiraNeM sacchidra ghara meM praveza karatI rahI haiN| isa stavana se sabhI stotAoM kA hRdaya prakAzamaya ho sakatA hai| viditavizva ! vidA vijitAyate ! nanu namastata eSa jinAyate" // 2 // 3. 'bhAvanA-zatakam' (saMskRta, 11 maI, 1975) evaM 'bhAvanA - zataka' (hindI, 10 agasta, 1975, aparanAma 'tIrthaMkara aise bane ' ) O zrI guru aura zAradA ke stavana ke anantara apane prati zrutaviSaya para Ate hue munizrI kI kevala yahI bhAvanA hai ki 'vibhAva' bhAva para vijaya pAI jAya - AtmA meM saMkrAnta Agantuka doSoM kA nAza kiyA jAya / gantavyAnurUpa bhAvanA meM cetanA nirantara ekatAna rahe to siddhi mila sakatI hai| vastuta: yaha sArA khela bhAvanA kA hI hai / yahI prabala sAdhanA hai / usake avalamba se sAdhaka abhISTa taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| bhAvanA se darzanamoha naSTa ho jAtA hai - ananta kaSAya ni:zeSa ho jAtA hai-sadbhAratI kI yaha UrdhvabAhu ghoSaNA hai / munizrI kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai : O mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 493 O O "taM jayatAjjinAgamaH zraya zreyaso na yena vinA gamaH / na hi kalayati manAgamastvAM mado yad bhave'nAgamaH" // 77 // ina donoM padoM kA manohArI citraNa Apane 'bhAvanA- zataka' meM kiyA hai| jahA~ kAmadeva se bacane kA sandeza dete haiM, vahIM prabhAvanA ko bhI batAte haiM : "bhavatA nijAnubhavataH prabho: prabhAvanA kriyatAM hi bhavataH / mano'van manobhavataH kSaNavinAzavibhAvavibhavata:" // / 89 / / "thA, he jinAgama, rahe jayavanta Age, pUjo ise tuma sabhI, ura bodha jAge / pAte kadApi phira nA bhavadu:kha nAnA; ho mokSalAbha, bhava meM phira ho na AnA " // 77 // "bhAI suno, madana se mana ko bacAo, saMsAra ke viSaya meM ruci bhI na lAo / pAo nijAnubhava ko, nija ko jagAo;
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________________ 494 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sad dharma kI phira apUrva prabhAvanA ho" // 89 // jo sAdhu, samAdhi se rahita ho ahaMkAra Adi apakAra ko nahIM rokatA hai vaha mantu-parameSThI ko prApta karane meM samartha nahIM hai / svakIya AtmA ko namana karatA huA maiM usa caura mAnava-parapadArthoM ko apanA mAnane vAle mAnava kI kabhI icchA nahIM karatA / munizrI jinavara ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki yathArthata: nija svabhAva meM lIna apadadigambara-nirgrantha sAdhu se hI yaha vaiyAvRtya suzobhita hotA hai, isa prakAra, jisa prakAra SaTpada bhramara se kamala aura pada vyavasAya udyoga se janapada, deza suzobhita hotA hai / munizrI kA anurodha yA Adeza hai ki una sAdhujanoM kI bhakti karo, unheM pUjo jo nija svarUpa meM lIna hote hue vana se bhaya nahIM karate aura bhavana meM koI icchA nahIM rakhate / AcAryazrI kA sandeza hai ki jisa prakAra agni ke saMyoga se kalaMka kA nAza hotA hai usI prakAra vAtsalya bhAva se AtmA kA kalaMka-doSa nAza ko prApta hotA hai| 4. * 'parISahajaya-zatakam (saMskRta, 9 mArca, 1982) evaM 'parISahajaya-zataka' (hindI, 9 mArca, 1982, aparanAma 'jJAnodaya') deva, mAnava, pazu yA prakRti dvArA anAyAsa Ane vAlI zArIrika tathA mAnasika bAdhA upasarga hai aura sardIgarmI, bhUkha-pyAsa Adi bAdhAe~ parISaha kahI jAtI haiN| sAdhu ko ina para vijaya prApta karanI cAhie tAki Atma-cintana meM avarodha paidA na ho / karma-nirjarA ke lie inheM zAntabhAva se sahanA caahie| isI Azaya se munizrI kA kathana hai : "pariSahaM kalayan saha bhAvataH, sa hatadeharucinijabhAvataH / paramatattvavidA kalito yatiH, jayatu me tu manaH phalato'yati" // 23 // parISaha vijaya karane vAle munIzvaroM kA smaraNa karate hue Apane ina paMktiyoM kA bhAvAnuvAda kiyA hai : "tana se, mana se aura vacana se uSNa-parISaha sahate haiM, nirIha tana se ho nija dhyAte, bahAva meM nA bahate haiN| parama tattva kA bodha niyama se pAte yati jayazIla rahe; unakI yazagAthA gAne meM nizidina yaha mana lIna rahe" // 23 // unakA dRr3hasaMkalpa hai ki yadi kaNTakAdi tRNa pairoM meM nirantara pIr3A karatA hai aura gati meM antara, vyavadhAna lAtA hai to muni usase utpanna kaSTa ko vAstava meM sahana karate haiN| munizrI bhI bhedajJAna ke pratApa se usa vidyamAna kaSTa ko sahana karate haiN| unakA vizvAsa hai ki yadi sAdhaka saMyama se rahita rahA to mAtra zArIrika duSkara tapa nirarthaka hai / yaha ThIka hai ki vratanirata rahe sAdhaka, parantu parISaha jaya binA use bhI saphalatA nahIM miltii| yadi samadarzana nahIM hotA to yamadama-zama sabhI vyartha haiN| usa jIvana se kyA lAbha, jo pApa-kalaMka meM lipta rahatA hai| aisA jIvana khokhalA hai| * noTa - isa zataka ke padya kra. 4 meM evaM grantha ke anta meM bhI caturtha khaNDa ko parISahajaya-zataka' kahA gayA hai, para madhya meM zataka ke prArambha hone se pahale bhUla se 'sunIti-zataka' mudrita ho gayA hai| isI prakAra grantha ke anta meM stuti khaNDa' kA ullekha nahIM hai, para grantha meM yaha zIrSaka vidyamAna hai| vastuta: yaha zataka 'sunIti-zataka' hai|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 495 5. 'sunIti-zatakam' (saMskRta, 25 apraila, 1983) evaM 'sunIti - zataka' (hindI, 25 apraila, 1983) isa khaNDa kA antima zataka hai 'sunIti -zatakam' / isa zataka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko nirantara nIti mArga para ArUr3ha rahanA caahie| aura santoM ne bhI kahA hai : "... nIti patha caliya rAga - rila jIti / " para nIti patha hai kyA - yaha jAnakara calanA apane Apa meM praguNita ho jAtA hai / sat kriyA to acchI hai hI, jJAnapUrvaka sampAdita hone se vaha aura guNavatI ho jAtI hai| ata: sAdhakoM ke kalyANa ke lie AcAryazrI ne isa zataka ko nIti-nirbhara kara rakhA | AcAryazrI ne ucita hI kahA hai ki zAstra vyavasAya ke lie nahIM banA hai, jIvana ko gantavyAnurUpa sAdhanA - patha para calane ke, dizAdAna ke lie banA hai / munizrI kA upadeza hai ki indriya viSayoM meM Asakta rahane vAle jo manuSya saMyama se sandhi nahIM karate haiM, ve kevala avasthA se vRddha ho sakate haiM, 'jJAna' aura 'saMyama' se nahIM / cAritra meM zithilatA rakhane vAle manuSya tiryak yoni meM paidA hote haiN| unakA vicAra hai ki cAritra aura sauzIlya kA saMyoga pAkara sAdhAraNa jJAna bhI pUrNatA ko prApta kara letA hai, ThIka vaise hI jaise uttama zANopala kA saMyoga pAkara svarNa kA mUlya itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki vaha sajjanoM ke kaNTha kA alaMkAra bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra prathama khaNDa AcAryazrI kI saMskRta evaM hindI rUpa ubhayabhASAoM meM likhita maulika racanAoM se maNDita hokara sAdhakoM ke lie jJAnAloka kI varSA karatA hai aura ajJAna andhakAra ko kSINa karatA huA ni:zeSa kara sakatA hai| isa khaNDa ke anta meM mudrita zAradA - jinavANI ke stavana hetu bAraha padya Apane 'zAradAstutiriyam' (saMskRta, 1971) nAma se likhe / bAda meM inakA bhAvAnuvAda hindI meM janavarI, 1991 meM AcAryazrI ne kara diyA hai| 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (do) khaNDa-do meM AcAryazrI dvArA anUdita racanAe~ saMkalita haiN| ina racanAoM meM kucha to mUlataH saMskRta meM haiM aura kucha apabhraMza evaM prAkRta meN| sAmAnya jijJAsujanoM ke lie ye bhASAe~ durbodha haiM / eka to gambhIra vicAra aura dUsare saMskRta, apabhraMza evaM prAkRta bhASA -ina dohare avarodhoM ko pAkara jJAnAmRta kA pAna karanA kitanA kaThina hai, isa bhAvanA se bharita hokara dayAzIla aura karuNArdra AcAryazrI ne ina granthoM kA hindI rUpAntaraNa kara diyA hai / etadartha hama saba unake RNI haiN| jaina gItA (28 agasta, 1976 ) prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha 756 gAthAoM vAlA 'samaNasuttaM' saMjJaka grantha kA yaha anUdita rUpa hai| isameM cAra khaNDa haiN| isake prathama khaNDa 'jyotirmukha' meM 15 sUtroM (prakaraNoM) ke antargata gAthAe~ samAhita haiM- maMgala sUtra, jinazAsana sUtra, saMgha sUtra, nirUpaNa sUtra, saMsAracakra sUtra, karma sUtra, mithyAtva sUtra, rAgaparihAra sUtra, dharma sUtra, saMyama sUtra, aparigraha sUtra, ahiMsA sUtra, apramAda sUtra, zikSA sUtra, , Atma sUtra / dvitIya khaNDa 'mokSamArga' meM mokSamArga sUtra, ratnatraya sUtra ( vyavahAra ratnatraya evaM nizcaya ratnatraya sUtra ), samyaktva sUtra ( vyavahAra aura nizcaya samyaktva evaM samyagdarzana aMga), samyagjJAna sUtra, samyak cAritra sUtra (vyavahAra evaM nizcaya cAritra sUtra evaM samanvaya sUtra ), sAdhanA sUtra, dvividha dharma sUtra, zrAvaka dharma
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________________ 496 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sUtra, zramaNa dharma sUtra, vrata sUtra, samiti-gupti sUtra, Avazyaka sUtra, tapa sUtra (bAhya tapa aura Abhyantara tapa), dhyAna sUtra, anuprekSA sUtra, lezyA sUtra, AtmavikAsa sUtra, sallekhanA sUtra-isa prakAra kula 18 sUtroM ke antargata gAthAe~ isa khaNDa meM saMkalita haiN| 'tattva darzana' nAmaka tRtIya khaNDa tattva darzana se sambaddha hai| isameM tattva darzana sUtra, dravya sUtra, sRSTi sUtra jaise tIna sUtroM ke antargata gAthAoM kA saMkalana hai / caturtha khaNDa 'syAdvAda' meM anekAnta sUtra, pramANa sUtra (pratyakSa-parokSa pramANa), naya sUtra, syAdvAda-saptabhaMgI sUtra, samanvaya sUtra, nikSepa sUtra ke sAtha samApana evaM vIra-stavana ke antargata bhI gAthAoM kA samAveza hai / isa khaNDa meM kula 8 sUtra haiN| kundakunda kA kundana (26 akTUbara, 1977) AcArya kundakunda svAmI dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM praNIta 'samayasAra' kA yaha anUdita rUpa hai / yaha grantha bhuktimukti kA bIja hai / isa grantha meM jIvAjIvAdhikAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra, puNyapApAdhikAra, AsravAdhikAra, saMvarAdhikAra, nirjarAdhikAra, bandhAdhikAra, mokSAdhikAra evaM sarvavizuddha jJAnAdhikAra kA samAveza hai| ____ isa grantha kA anuvAda karane meM AcAryazrI ke samakSa kucha kaThinAiyA~ bhI AI haiM, jinakA ullekha unhoMne isa grantha meM kiyA hai / grantha paryApta gambhIra hai, ata: kaI TIkA-praTIkAoM kA sahArA lenA par3A / unhoMne mAnA hai ki kahIMkahIM zabdAnuvAda bhI hai, para adhisaMkhya bhAvAnuvAda jaisA uttama aura prazasta rUpAntaraNa huA hai| isa grantharAja samayasAra' para eka vRtti 'tAtparya' saMjJaka hai, jo jayasenAcArya dvArA praNIta hai| tadupari pUjya amRtacandra kI AtmakhyAti' kA bhI manthana karanA par3A / cetanA kI lIlAnubhUti se ApyAyita antas samucchala ho uThA aura layAdhRta chanda meM nirbAdha baha calA / yahI hai sArasvata samAveza dazA, jisameM anubhUti 'samucitazabdacchandovRttAdiniyantrita hokara baha nikalatI hai| kAvya kI racanA-prakriyA kA vivecana karate hue abhinavaguptapAda ne yahI kahA hai / 'samayasAra' kA hI nahIM, nATyakAvyAtmaka AtmakhyAtigata kalazArUpa 278 kArikAoM kA bhI rUpAntara bana par3A hai| AcArya kundakunda kI tIna racanAe~ bar3I praur3ha mAnI jAtI haiM - pravacanasAra, paJcAstikAya tathA samayasAra / amRtacandrasUri ne ina tInoM para TIkAe~ likhI haiN| ina ubhaya TIkAoM meM gAthAoM kI saMkhyA samAna nahIM milatI / samasyA yaha bhI AI-AcArya amRtacandra kI TIkAoM meM kama aura AcArya jayasena kI TIkAoM meM adhika gAthAe~ kyoM haiM ? pravacanasAra' kI cUlikA kA avalokana karate hue 'strImukti niSedha' vAle prasaMga para dhyAna gyaa| vahIM 1012 gAthAe~ chUTI haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne ina para TIkAe~ nahIM likhiiN| isase anumAna kiyA gayA ki AcArya amRtacandra ko strImukti niSedha kA prasaMga iSTa pratIta nahIM thaa| ina TIkAoM kI prazastioM se patA lagatA hai AcArya jayasena mUlasaMgha ke aura amRtacandra sUri kASThAsaMgha ke siddha haiN| AcAryazrI ko isase eka navIna viSaya milaa| gambhIra granthAntara kA adhigama, bhASAntaraNa, layabaddha padyabaddhIkaraNa - yaha saba eka se eka kaThina kArya haiM, para lagana aura abhyAsa se saba kucha sambhava hai / AtmakhyAtigata 278 kArikAoM kA saMkalana-'kalazA' nAma se khyAta hai / isake 188 veM kAvya ke viSaya meM chanda ko lekara ke kaThinAI AI / vaha na gadya jAna par3A aura na padya / kAphI jaddojahada ke bAda lagA ki yaha to nirAlA aura ajJeya kI racanAoM meM prApta atukAnta chanda kA prAcIna rUpa hai| isameM eka khoja yaha bhI huI ki AcArya amRtacandra saMskRta layAtmaka kAvya ke Adya AviSkartA haiN| ___ AcAryazrI ne una logoM se asahamati vyakta kI hai jo loga zabdajJAna, arthajJAna aura jJAnAnubhUti ko parigrahavAn gRhastha aura pramatta meM bhI mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jJAnAnubhUti to AtmAnubhava hai-zuddhopayoga hai / vaha parigraha aura pramAdavAle gRhastha ko to kyA hogA-pramatta digambara muni ko bhI nahIM ho sktaa| bhoga aura nirjarA eka sAtha nahIM cala sakate / Agama isa mAnyatA se asahamata hai|
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________________ nijAmRtapAna / ' kalazAgIta' (21 apraila, 1978) 'samayasAra' kA padyAnuvAda 'kundakunda kA kundana' aura adhyAtma rasa bharapUra 'samayasAra - kalaza' kA padyAnuvAda 'nijAmRtapAna' ('kalazAgIta' nAma se bhI) hai| yaha grantha saMskRta meM mUlarUpa meM hai / isameM deva - zAstra - guru stavana ke bAda, 'jJAnodaya chanda' meM kalazoM kA padyabaddha rUpAntara prastuta huA hai| isakA lakSya hai jaina cintana meM prayukta pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI gA~TheM khula jAya~ tAki pAThaka usakA bharapUra AsvAda le sakeM / isameM kaI adhikAra haiMjIvAjIvAdhikAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra, puNyapApAdhikAra, AmravAdhikAra, saMvarAdhikAra, nirjarAdhikAra, bandhAdhikAra, mokSAdhikAra, sarvavizuddhajJAnAdhikAra, syAdvAdAdhikAra tathA sAdhyasAdhakAdhikAra / antataH maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha yaha bhASAntara sampanna huA hai / dravyasaMgraha (11 jUna, 1978 evaM 16 maI, 1991) mUlata: yaha grantha prAkRta bhASA meM hai| isake racayitA haiM nemicandra siddhAntideva / maMgalAcaraNa, zrIguru namana tathA grantha ke nirmANa kAla aura sthAna nirdeza ke sAtha yaha bhASAntara alaga-alaga chandoM meM kie jAne se do bhAgoM meM mudrita huA hai| 'vasantatilakA' chanda meM anUdita prathama bhAga meM jaina darzana ke vivecya viSaya carcita hue haiN| jaise, jIva svadeha parimANa hai| vaha svabhAvavaza UrdhvagAmI hotA hai| darzana ke cAra bheda, jJAna ke mati, zruta, avadhi jaise bheda, pratyakSa aura parokSa jJAna kA nirUpaNa, utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyayukta sat dravya, caturvidha guNayukta pudgala, pA~ca astikAya, karma, bandha, saMvara tathA nirjarA Adi tattvoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| sabakA paryavasAna mokSa meM hai / 'dravya saMgraha' bhAga do- meM 'jJAnodaya' chanda meM isa grantha ko punaH anUdita kiyA gayA hai| pUrvokta viSaya rUpa hI jIva-ajIva, aSTa karma, aSTa guNa, zuddha AtmA kA karmAtIta aura vaibhAvika guNoM se rahita honA, karmoM ke vividha bhedoM, samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra kA nirUpaNa, pUrNa jJAnarUpa kevalajJAna kI prApti Adi bhI varNita hai / mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 497 aSTapAhur3a (31 akTUbara, 1978) AcArya kundakunda deva praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha grantha kA yaha padyabaddha rUpAntara nitAnta upAdeya aura kalyANakara hai / isake Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa aura AcAryoM ko namana hai / tadanantara jinAgama kA rahasya anAvRta kiyA gayA hai| isameM darzana pAhur3a, sUtra pAhur3a, cAritra pAhur3a, bodha pAhur3a, bhAva pAhur3a, mokSa pAhur3a, liMga pAhur3a tathA zIla pAhur3a kA vivaraNa prastuta kara anya granthoM kI taraha isakA bhI samApana nirmANa ke sthAna evaM samaya paricaya ke sAtha huA hai| * niyamasAra (25 agasta, 1979 ) AcArya kundakunda praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha 'niyamasAra' kA yaha bhASAntaraNa padyabaddha rUpa meM prastuta huA hai / moha aura pramAda ke nivAraNArtha yaha padyamaya anuvAda kiyA gayA hai / kevalI yA zrutakevalI AcAryoM ne jisa niyamasAra ko kahA hai, vahI yahA~ vidyamAna hai / pravRtti evaM nivRtti to prANimAtra ke lakSaNa haiM, para mokSAdhikArI mAnava ko svairAcAra varjita hai / use yadi svabhAva se pratiSThita honA hai to niyama-saMyama pUrvaka jijIviSA kI caritArthatA ke lie caryA banAnI par3egI : D " jo doSa mukta kRta kArita sammatI se, to zuddha, prAsuka yathAgama - paddhatI se /
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________________ 498 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sAgAra anna dina meM yadi dAna detA, le sAmya dhAra, muni eSaNa pAla letA // 63 // . ...pAle use satata sAdhu, sukhI banAtI" // 64 // isa taraha tamAma vidhi-niSedhamaya niyama yahA~ batAe gae haiN| sthAna, samaya, paricaya tathA maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha grantha pUrNa huA hai| dvAdazAnuprekSA (1979) AcArya kundakunda svAmI dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gae grantha kA yaha padyAnuvAdAtmaka bhASAntaraNa hai| dvAdaza bhAvanAe~ hI dvAdaza anuprekSAe~ haiM : "saMsAra, loka, vRSa, Asava, nirjarA hai, anyatva aura azuci, adhruva, saMvarA hai| ekatva au azaraNA avabodhanA ye; bhAve sudhI satata dvAdaza bhaavnaayeN"|| 12 // isameM anitya, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azuci, Amrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bodhidurlabha tathA dharma-ina anuprekSAoM kA mArmika vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| samantabhadra kI bhadratA (29 mArca, 1980) AcArya samantabhadra svAmI kI saMskRta bhASA meM eka racanA hai - 'svayambhU-stotram' / prastuta grantha usI kApadyabaddha bhASAntaraNa hai / isameM stotavya caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA stavana kiyA gayA hai / jinakA stavana kiyA gayA hai, ve haiM zrI vRSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, zambhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, puSpadanta, zItalanAtha, zreyonAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, arahanAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvratanAtha, naminAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura antata: vIra stavana ke sAtha yathApUrva isa grantha kA bhI samApana huA guNodaya (26 akTUbara, 1980) AcArya guNabhadra praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha AtmAnuzAsana' grantha kI AcAryazrI dvArA padyabaddha huI isa kRti meM jina darzana ke dazavidha samyagdarzanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-AjJA, mArga, sadupadeza, sUtra, bIja, samAsa (saMkSepa), vistRta (vistAra) tathA artha samudbhava, avagAr3ha aura paramAvagAr3ha samyaktva / isameM ina sabakA rahasyodghATana kiyA gayA hai / kahA gayA hai : "sadgati sukha ke sAdhaka guNagaNa jinheM apekSita pyAre haiM, durgati dukha ke kAraNa sAre hue upekSita khAre haiN| phalataH sAdhaka ko bhajate haiM adhika vidhAyaka ko tajate; sunudha janoM meM zreSTha raheM ve jana-jana haiM unako bhajate" // 145 //
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________________ ataH mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 499 "guNI rahA jo vahI niyama se vividha guNoM kA nilaya rahA, vilaya guNoM kA honA hI basa, huA guNI kA vilaya rhaa| ata: 'mokSa' guNa guNI vilaya hI anya matoM kA abhimata hai; rAgAdika kI kintu hAni hI mokSa rahA yaha 'jinamata' hai" // 265 / / rayaNamaMjUSA (4 apraila, 1981) AcArya samantabhadra praNIta saMskRta meM nibaddha ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' kI yaha bhASAntarita padyabaddha kRti hai| yaha eka aisI maMjUSA hai jisameM zrAvakavarga ke lie upadeza ke ratna bhare hue haiN| jo inheM apane jIvana meM utAratA hai, vaha jIvana ko caritArtha kara letA hai / kahA gayA hai : "mithyAdarzanaM Adika se jo nija ko rItA kara pAyA, doSarahita vidyA darzana vrata ratnakaraNDaka kara paayaa| dharma artha kI kAma mokSa kI siddhi usI kA varaNa kare; tIna loka meM pati-icchA se svayaM usI meM ramaNa kare" // 149 // AptamImAMsA (16 sitambara, 1983) AcArya samantabhadra svAmI dvArA saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'AptamImAMsA' (devAgamastotram) kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyabaddha yaha bhASAntaraNa hai| isameM Aptajana kahate haiM : "vidheya hai pratiSedhya vastu kA avirodhI suna Arya mahA, kAraNa, hai vaha iSTa kArya kA aMga rahA anivArya rahA / Apasa meM AdeyapanA au heyapanA kA pUraka hai; syAdvAdavaza yahI rahA saba vAdoM kA unmUlaka hai" // 113 / / ekAnta nahIM, anekAnta dRSTi hI saMgata hai| iSTopadeza (1971 evaM 20 disambara, 1990) AcArya pUjyapAda kRta saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'iSTopadeza' kA AcAryazrI dvArA isakA bhASAntaraNa ('vasantatilakA' evaM 'jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthak-pRthak padyabaddha) do bAra kiyA gayA hai| inameM mohagrasta jIva kI durdazA aura taporata kI svasthatA kA taraha-taraha se varNana milatA hai / eka pada dekheM : "nA jAnamA pariSahAdika ko virAgI, hotA na Asava jise vaha mokssmaargii| adhyAtma yogabala se phalata: usI kI; hotI sahI ! niyama se nita nirjarA hI" // 24 //
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________________ 500 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA sat-zAstra ke manana, zrIguru ke bhASaNa, vijJAnAtmA sphuTa netroM kI sahAyatA se jo sAdhaka yahA~ sva-para ke antara ko jAna letA hai vahI mAnoM sabhI prakAra se paramAtmA rUpa ziva ko jAna letA hai| sudhI vahI hotA hai jo iSTopadeza kA jJAna prApta kare aura avadhAnapUrvaka use jIvana meM utAre / mAna-apamAna meM samAna rahe / vana ho yA bhavana - sarvatra sAdhaka ko nirAgrahI honA cAhie / use cAhie ki vaha nirupama mukti-sampadA pAle aura bhavoM kA nAza kara bhavyatA prApta kare / isa prakAra isameM aniSTakara sthitiyoM se nivRtti aura iSTakara sthitiyoM meM pravRtti kI bAta hai| gommaTeza aSTaka (1979) ___ AcArya nemIcandra siddhAntacakravartI praNIta prAkRta bhASAbaddha 'gommaTesa-thudi' kRti kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyAnuvAda prastuta huA hai| isa kRti meM gommaTeza bAhubalI bhagavAn kA stavana huA hai : "kAma dhAma se dhana-kaMcana se sakala saMga se dUra hue, zUra hue mada-moha-mAra kara samatA se bharapUra hue| eka varSa taka eka thAna thita nirAhAra upavAsa kiye; isIlie basa gomaTeza jina mama mana meM aba vAsa kie" // 8 // kalyANamandira stotra (1971) AcAryazrI kumudacandra praNIta prastuta kRti mUlata: saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| AcAryazrI ne usakA padyAnuvAda prastuta kiyA hai / isa kRti meM una kalyANanidhi, udAra, aghanAzaka tathA vizvasAra jina-pada-nIraja ko namana kiyA gayA hai jo saMsAravAridhi se sva-para kA santaraNa karane ke lie svayam pota svarUpa haiN| jisa mada ko brahmA aura maheza bhI nahIM jIta sake, use ina jinendroM ne kSaNa bhara meM jalAkara khAka kara diyA / yahA~ aisA jala hai jo Aga ko pI jAtA hai / kyA vAr3avAgni se jala nahIM piyA gayA hai ? "svAmI ! mahAna garimAyuta Apako ve, saMsAri jIva gaha, dhAra sva-vakSa meM au| kaise su Azu bhavasAgara pAra hote; Azcarya ! sAdhu jana kI mahimA acinty"| // 12 // nandIzvara bhakti (16 jUna, 1991) AcArya pUjyapAda praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha nandIzvara bhakti' kA padyabaddha bhAvAnuvAda AcAryazrI dvArA sampanna kiyA gayA hai isa kRti meM : "dvIpa rahA jo aSTama jisane 'nandIzvara' vara nAma dharA, nandIzvara sAgara se pUraNa, Apa ghirA abhirAma kharA / zazi-sama zItala jisake atizaya-yaza se basa ! daza dizA khilI; bhUmaNDala hI huA prabhAvita, isa RSi ko bhI dizA milI" // 11 //
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________________ isa prakAra pUrI kRti nandIzvara bhakti se ApUrita hai / samAdhisudhA- zatakam (1971) AcArya pUjyapAda praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha 'samAdhitantra' kA AcAryazrI dvArA padyAnuvAda prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti meM una adhogAmI jIvoM kI bhartsanA kI gaI hai jinhoMne mithyAtva ke udaya se jar3a deha ko hI AtmA samajha rakhA hai / aisA mohagrasta rAgI apane 'svabhAva' ko kabhI nahIM samajha sakatA / ataH racayitA kahatA hai : 0 O O "jo grantha tyAga, ura meM ziva kI apekSA, mokSArtha mAtra rakhatA, sabakI upekSA / hotA vivAha usakA zivanAri - saMga; to mokSa cAha yadi hai bana tU nisaMga" // 71 // O " jo Atma dhyAna karatA dinaraina tyAgI, hotA vahI parama Atama vItarAgI / saMgharSa meM vipina meM svayameva vRkSa; hotA yathA anala hai ayi bhavya dakSa ! " // 98 // yogasAra (1971) AcArya yogIndra deva dvArA racita apabhraMza bhASAbaddha 'yogasAra' kA padyAnuvAda rASTrabhASA meM AcAryazrI dvArA lokahitArtha kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti meM racayitA kI pratizruti hai : mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 501 " jo ghAtikarma ripu ko kSaNa meM bhagAye, arhanta hokara ananta catuSka pAye / to lAkha bAra nama zrI jina ke padoM meM; pazcAt kahU~ sarasa zrAvya sukAvya ko maiM" // 2 // " jo haiM jinendra suna ! Atama hai vahI re ! 'siddhAntasAra' yaha jAna sadA sahI re ! yoM ThIka jAnakara tU ayi bhavyayogI ! sadya: ata: kuTilatA taja moha ko bhI " / / 21 / / ekIbhAva (1971) AcArya vAdirAja praNIta saMskRta bhASAbaddha isa kRti kA 'mandAkrAntA chanda' meM padyabaddha bhASAntaraNa AcAryazrI dvArA kiyA gayA hai / isa kRti meM yaha kahA jA rahA hai ki jaba ArAdhaka ke hRdaya meM ArAdhya se ekIbhAva ho gayA hai, taba yaha bhava- jalana kaise ho rahI hai ? "kaise hai au ! phira aba mujhe duHkha dAvA jalAtA ?" // 6 // racayitA kA hRdaya pukAra uThatA hai :
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________________ 502 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (tIna) 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' kA khaNDa - tIna, AcAryazrI ke dugdha-dhavala hRdaya kA svata: sphUrta samucchala pravAha bhASA meM phUTa par3A hai| isameM unakA kavi mukhara hai, anyatra unakA dArzanika aura ArAdhaka santa udgrIva hai / kuntaka vicitrabhaNiti ko kAvya kahate haiM / gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI kA pakSa hai : "bhaNiti vicitra sukavi kRta joI, rAmanAma binu soha na soI / " kAvya kA kendrIya tattva 'saundarya' sukavikRta cAhe jitanI vicitra bhaNiti ho, para unakI dRSTi meM binA bhAgavat cetanA ke saMsparza ke vaha vyakta nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra santaziromaNi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI mAnyatA hai ki unakI aura una jaise santoM kI prakRti aura ruci taba taka saundarya kA unmeSa nahIM mAnatI, jaba taka kAvyocita sArA pravAha zAntarasa paryavasAyI na ho / vyAsa kA mahAbhArata kAvya bhI bhavavirasAvasAyI aura zAntaparyavasAyI hI hai / abhiprAya yaha ki yaha bhAratIya paramparA sammata hai / 1. narmadA kA narama kaMkara (1980) chattIsa kavitAoM ke saMgraha svarUpa isa kAvya saMgrahagata kavitAoM meM nimna bhAva vyaMjita hotA hai : vacana sumana : isameM racayitA zakti-srota ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huA apane vacana sumana arpita karatA hai| 1. 2. he Atman ! : yaha saMsAra vikala, azAnta aura vizrAnta kevala isalie hai ki usane apane hRdaya meM vItarAga kI pratiSThApanA kahA~ kI ? 3. 4. "jo koI bhI manuja mana meM Apako dhAra dhyAtA, bhavyAtmA yoM avirala prabho ! Apa meM lau lagAtA / jaldI se hai ziva sadana kA zreSTha jo mArga pAtA; zreyomArgI vaha tuma suno ! paMcakalyANa pAtA" / / 24 // 5. 6. 7. mAnasa haMsa : isameM racayitA anuttara se uttara cAhatA hai ki usakA mAnasa haMsa kyoM tumhAre zrIpAda se nirgata ameya Ananda sAgara meM nakhapaMktiyoM ke misa bikharI maNiyoM ko cugane ke lie itanA vyagra hai ? apane meM ... eka bAra : racayitA isameM usa pAvApurI kI dharatI kA smaraNa kara rahA hai jahA~ se jinendra mahAvIra ne dhyAna-yAna para ArUr3ha ho nija dhAma ko prayANa kiyA thA / vahA~ kI latA, phUla, pavana, bhramara va dharatI tRNa binduoM ke vyAja se apane dRga-binduoM dvArA mAnoM mahAvIra kA pAda- prakSAlana kara rahI hoM / bhagavad bhakta : isameM kI gaI yaha vismayAvaha anubhUti ki vaha paudgalika labAde rUpa zarIra se mukta hokara sahaja Urdhvagamana karatA jA rahA hai, para akasmAt guru caraNoM kA gurutvAkarSaNa pratipAta ke lie sira jhukA detA hai aura unakI caraNa-raja mastaka para jJAnanetra kI zobhA pAtA hai| isa yAtrA meM samasta bAdhaka kAla-kAma dhvasta ho rahe haiN| ekAkI yAtrI : ekAkI yAtrI Urdhvagamana to kara rahA hai para avarodha aura bAdhAoM se jUjha bhI rahA hai, apAra pAragAmI bhagavAn se dizAnirdeza aura sahArA cAhatA hai| eka aura bhUla : isameM sAdhaka svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke lie eka athaka prayAsa to kara rahA hai, para vaha mAyA
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________________ 8. 9. mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 503 ke usa kAluSya aura kauTilya ko lakSita nahIM kara pA rahA hai jo uttamAMga para kAle bAloM ke vyAja se chAe hue haiN| manamAnA mana : isameM racayitA jAnatA hai ki mana hI bandha aura mokSa- donoM meM upayogI hai / bandha meM upayogI hone kI to usakI purAnI Adata hai para usameM prayAsapUrvaka viveka jAgrata kiyA jA sakatA hai aura anukUla banAkara sAdhA jA sakatA hai, tabhI vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora bar3hA jA sakatA hai / zeSa rahA carcana : isameM racayitA kahatA hai ki malayAcala ke nAgina vyApta candana ke sparza se maNDita gandhavaha svayaM bhagavat caraNoM kA sparza kara apane Upara ma~DarAte alidala ko bhI caraNasparza kI preraNA detA hai / caraNasparza karate hI nakhadarpaNa meM kAle Atmapratibimba ko dekhakara unheM glAni hotI hai aura unakA kAyAkalpa ho jAtA hai / gunagunAte hue mAnoM kahate jAte haiM-bhrAmarI vRtti apanAo / para kheda hai viSayAnurAgIjana unhIM caraNoM meM nata rahakara bhI Atmagata kAluSya kA kSAlana nahIM kara paate| prabho ! unheM sadbuddhi do tAki ve moha mAna kA vamana kara sakeM / 10. mAnasadarpaNa meM : kavayitA apanI cintA una tathAkathita zraddhAluoM ke sambandha meM vyakta karatA hai jo ! sahita prabhu ke caraNoM meM nata to hote haiM para apanA mAnasadarpaNa svaccha nahIM kara pAte / putra- kalatra 11. bindu meM kyA...? : niSThAvAn upAsaka kI adamya abhIpsA hai ki vaha apane vyaktitva ke bindu ko mahAsattA ke sindhu meM vilIna kara de / para bindu meM yaha bhAva jage to sahI - sthira banA to rahe / 12. narmadA kA narama kaMkara : racayitA kI vyagratA - garbha prArthanA hai tIrthaMkaroM se ki vaha yA to isa narmadA ke kaMkara ko phor3a-phoDakara AsamAna meM uchAla de yA phira isameM antarhita zaMkara ke svarUpa ko gar3ha-gar3hakara ubhAra de / 13. pUrNa hotI pA~khur3I : akasmAt vandanIya caraNoM meM samarpita hone kI bhAvanA to apramANa parimANa meM jagI, para na to hAtha jur3e, na vandana ke svara nikale / viparIta isake viSaya dAhadagdha cira tRSita cetanA aparUpa para jAkara Tika gaI, ThIka usa taraha jaise grISmatApa tapta dharatI varSA kA jala binA zvAsa lie pItI hai / 14. prabhu mere meM - maiM mauna : ziSya ne prabhu ke darzana kie, lagA prakAzapuMja prabhulocana praticchavi meM taira rahe haiM / tanmayatA ne gauNa-pradhAna-bhAva ko dhvasta kara diyA, tabhI yaha bhAvanA uThI ki yaha cira bujhA dIpa usa prakAzapuMja Alokamaya kA Aloka grahaNa kara Alokamaya ho jAya / para patA nahIM vaha kauna durdharSa vyavadhAna thA jo vaha saba na hone diyA / zaraNa kI yAcanA umar3a uThI 1 15. samarpaNa dvAra para : digambarI dIkSA ke anantara prakAzapuMja guruvarya se kannar3abhASI ziSya pAradarzI svaccha bhASA meM 'samayasAra' ke jJAna jala se aisA ApyAyita huA ki lagA jaise vaha saba bhedoM ko pAra kara prakAzapuMja bana gayA hai| 16. jIvita samayasAra : 'samayasAra' ke ucca zRMga se jJAnagaMgA kA nirjarA paryavasAyI jhara-jhara pravAha upAsaka ka ora calA A rahA hai / usakI cetanA usameM niSNAta hai, para maMz2ila se haTakara jisakI dRSTi paddhati (karmakANDa) para hI Tika gaI hai - use kyA kahA jAya ? 17. zaraNacaraNa : upAsaka kI cetanA kumudinI ko sadala praphullita karane vAle upAsya ke mukhamaNDala se zaraccandra kA pUrNa candra lajjita hokara usake caraNoM para nakhamaNDala ke rUpa meM zaraNa grahaNa kara rahA hai| 18. darpaNa meM eka aura darpaNa : upAsya nimitta banakara upAsaka rUpa upAdAna meM antarhita sampUrNa sambhAvanA ko upalabdhi meM pariNata kara detA / sakatA hai / para upAdAna meM bhI pAtratA honI caahie| gulAba kA raMga sphaTika meM hI pratibimbita hotA hai, nirA pASANa meM nahIM / 19. vaMzIdhara ko : vivaza hokara mana ne zruta kA sahArA lekara gantavya taka pahu~cane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| phalata: vaha
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________________ 504 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zvAsa nAbhimaNDala se pratikramA ke rUpa meM hRdaya-kamala-cakra pAra karatA brahmarandha taka use pahu~cAtA huA UrdhvagamyamAna hai aura ApakA zrutimadhura saMgIta zravaNa kara rahA hai / kyA avaMzajA mAdhavIlatA vaMzAzrita hokara bhI vaMzamukta ho lahalahAtI huI nahIM jItI ? 20. vibhAva-abhAva : he prabho! Apane svabhAvaniSTha hokara vibhAva-prabhava krodha ko samUla ucchinna kara diyA hai| tabhI karuNA-nirbhara Apake netroM meM aruNa varNa kI lAlimA nahIM hai| 21. he nirabhimAna : aharniza svabhAva-nirata hone ke kAraNa mAna-abhimAna kA bhAva bhI Apase prayANa kara cukA hai, tabhI nAsikA campaka phUla ko jIta rahI hai| 22. AkAra meM nirAkAra : isa racanA meM gambhIra kintu amUrta adhyAtma kSetra kI rahasyAnubhUti vyakta huI hai| . 23. sthitaprajJA : mokSamArga kI tInoM rekhAe~ cetanA ke bhItarI bhAga meM pratiSThita hokara sabako prabhAvita karatI huI kambuvat grIvA meM bhI ubhara AI haiM-jisakI chaTA se lajjita hokara zaMkha ne samudra meM DUba kara rahanA behatara smjhaa| 24. adharoM para : he prabho ! yaha anumAna se nahIM, apitu pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hai ki Apake vizAla pRthula agAdha udara ke andara Ananda kA aparampAra sAgara laharA rahA hai, anyathA adhara se aisI jJAnamayI taraMgeM kaise uchalatI? 25. arpaNa : he prabho! kyA bAta hai ki amA aura pratipadA ko sudhA kA Akara bhI AkAza meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA ? lagatA hai vaha bhI kisI Atapa se klAnta hokara Apake pAdaprAnta kI chA~va meM par3A rahatA hai| 26. lAghava bhAva : mahAn kI mahattA anubhavagocara hone para hI apanA lAghava bhAva anubhava meM utarane lagatA hai| 27. pratIkSA meM : zukti samudra ke agAdha jala se Upara Akara hara jalada khaNDa se nahIM, kevala svAti ke jala kI apekSA meM pratIkSArata rahatI hai ki muktA rUpa Dhalane vAlI bUMda usa para gire tAki usakI kokha caritArthatA kA anubhava kare / yahI manodazA jijJAsu upAsaka ke mana kI hotI hai| 28. amana : manoja ke bANa se dUra rahane para hI amana kA anubhava hotA hai| 29. vahIM-vahIM kitanI bAra : svabhAva se kaTA huA mAnava telI ke baila kI taraha vahIM kA vahIM bhava-bhramaNa karatA . rahatA hai / svabhAvagAmI puruSArtha hI vibhAva se mukti dilA sakatA hai / prabhu kA sahArA bhara caahie| 30. DUbA mana rasanA meM : svaparabodhavihInA rasanA kI kSudhA kabhI yoM hI miTI hai ? para jaba yaha jJAta huA ki rasanA parAzrita rasa cakha nahIM sakatI, taba Atmarasa ke nimitta samAhita huA aura rasamagna ho gyaa| 31. dIna nayana nA : he karuNAkara ! aisI zakti do ki viSayoM-kaSAyoM meM sallIna mAnava ke mukha se azrAvya nindya vacana sunakara vikalatA anubhava nayanoM se na Tapake / 32. rAjasI sparzA : rAjasI sparza kI tRSA kauna-kauna se kone nahIM DkAe, para jaba yaha jJAta huA ki merI cetanA tattvata: sparzAtItA hai jabaki yaha to vaibhAvikI rAjasI sparzA hai| 33. zrAvya se pare : jisa prakAra azrAvya se, usI prakAra zrAvya stavana yA prazaMsA se bhI he mana! tU prabhAvita na ho| 34. o nAsA : sparzanendriya, rasanendriya, zrotendriya kI bhA~ti ghrANendriya bhI sva-anapekSa paragandha ghrANana kI vAsanA se klAnta rahatI hai| para merI svabhAva cetanA anAsA hai| use na durgandha se kucha lenA na sugandha se / vaha ubhayAtIta AtmagandhA hai / basa, prabhu ke caraNoM kA sahArA paryApta hai| 35. saba meM vahI maiM : he amUrta zilpa ke zilpI ! aisI guNAvabhAsikA AsikA do ki vaha merI nAsikA dhruvaguNa kI upAsikA bana jaay|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 505 36. huA hai jAgaraNa : he nirAvaraNa ! isa cetanA ne anAdi bhUla se sAvaraNa kA varaNa kara liyA hai| phalata: ananta kAla se janana-jarA-maraNa sahatI AyI hai, kintu aba sukRtavaza jAgaraNa ho cukA hai / ata: Apake nAmoccAraNa kA sahArA lekara tuma-sA nirAmaya hone ko prastuta hai| 2. DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI (1981) isa saMgraha meM kula 42 racanAe~ haiN| AcAryazrI kA mantavya hai ki jaba gaharAI kA Ananda lene ke lie DubakI lagAnA cAho, to pahale tairanA sIkhanA hogA aura tairane ke abhyAsa ke lie tumbI kA sahArA anivArya hai / isa kalA meM niSNAta ho jAne para hI DubakI lagAnA sambhava hai / taba sahAre ko bhI chor3anA par3atA hai, anyathA vaha bAdhaka hI bnegii| taba hAtha-pA~va mAranA bhI bAdhaka bnegaa| tairane kI kalA meM niSNAta cetanA hI Azvasta aura svAyatta hogI / jJAna guNa ke sphuraNa ke lie AgamAloka-Alor3ana, guruvacana-zramaNa-cintana Avazyaka hai / yahI tairAkI kI kalA meM niSNAta hone ke lie tumbI hai| isa mukhya racanA ke atirikta anya prakAra kI bhI bhAva aura vicAra kI taraMgeM samucchalita haiN| kahIM gantavya kI ora dhairya aura AsthA ke sAtha bhora kI pratyAzA meM yAtrA hai, kahIM caraNoM meM dRSTi jhukI hai| kahIM pIyUSa bharI A~kheM haiM to kahIM manmatha kA manthana / kabhI lagatA hai ki kAphI vilamba ho gayA - para aba vilamba mata kro| sudhAvarSaNa se zAnta zuddha paramahaMsa banA do ise| 3. totA kyoM rotA (1984) isa saMkalana meM kula 55 racanAe~ haiN| isakI pramukha kavitA 'totA kyoM rotA' meM dAtA aura pAtra-AdAtA ke bIca pahalA prazasti kI apekSA rakhatA hai aura pAtra-AdAtA mAna-sammAna kii| donoM ko donoM se apekSita nahIM milatA dekhakara vakSa kI DAla para baiThA totA pathika pAtra-AdAtA kI ora nihAratA hai| socatA hai yaha kSaNa usake lie paNyakara hai / vaha rasamaya paripakva phala cuna kara sasammAna pathika pAtra-AdAtA ko denA hI cAhatA hai ki atithi kI ora se maunabhASA kI zurUAta hotI hai / dAna apane zrama se arjita kA hotA hai, dUsare kI cIja curAkara dAna denA corI hai / aisA upakAra dAna kA nATaka hai / apane zrama se arjita AtmIya kA dAna hI dAna hai / dAna kI yaha kathA sunakara usakA mana vyathita hotA hai aura apanI akarmaNyatA para vaha rotA hai| prabhu se prArthanA kI jAtI hai ki isakA agalA jIvana zramazIla bane / pake phala ko cintA hotI hai ki kahIM abhyAgata khAlI lauTa na jAya, ata: pavana ko izArA karatA hai ki vaha sahAyaka bane / pavana kI sahAyatA se phala bandhanamukta hotA hai, mAna-sammAna aura prazasti kA sandarbha hI samApta / phala apane pitA vRkSa kI ora dekhatA hai jisakA pitta prakupita hai-A~gana meM atithi khar3A hai aura ye haiM ki niSkriya / svayaM dAna dete nahIM aura dene bhI nahIM dete| ye moha-drohagrasta haiN| pavana ke jhoMke se AtmadAna ke lie lAlAyita phala pAtra ke hAtha meM A jAtA hai| phala pavana se kahatA hai ki vaha ise idhara-udhara nahIM, pAtra ke hAtha para hI girAe / phala kA svapna sAkAra hotA hai, pavana bhI bar3abhAgI banatA hai| atithi to prasthita ho jAtA hai, para DAla ke gAla para laTakatA adhapakA dala bola par3A-"kala aura AnA jI ! isakA bhI bhaviSya ujjvala ho, karuNA isa ora bhI lAnA jI" / atithi halakI-sI musakAna se apanI gItA sunAtA calA jAtA hai aura phaladatta kI A~kha usakI pITha kI ora lagI raha jAtI hai| isa prakAra isa saMgraha kI bhinna-bhinna racanAoM meM aura-aura bhI dizAnirdezaka upadezaprada bhAvanAe~ bharI huI haiN| 4. nijAnubhava-zataka (7 sitambara, 1973) isa zataka ke Arambha meM jineza smaraNa, zrIguru jJAnasAgara vandana, jinendra vANI kA stavana kara AcAryazrI ne
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________________ 506 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nija ke sambodhanArtha kucha likhane kI isalie pratizruti kI hai tAki zIghra zuddhopayoga kI prApti sambhava ho sake, vItarAga bhAva A ske| upayoga meM tIna pakSa hote haiM-kabhI zubha kA, kabhI azubha kA aura kabhI zuddha kA bhii| yadi zubha upayoga rahA to kramavAra svarga-mokSa sabhI mileMge aura azubha upayoga hI banA rahA to duHkha kI prApti hotI rahegI / azubhopayoga mithyAsvarUpa hai aura zubhopayoga meM samyaktva vidyamAna hai / isa prakAra zubha aura azubha pakSoM ke lAbha-hAni kA nirUpaNa karate hue parigrahI vRtti kI nindA kI hai / zuddhopayoga rUpa sahaja svabhAva kI koI sImA nahIM hai / vaha jJAnagamya, atiramya, apratima tathA vacana-agocara hai / use chor3akara kahIM sukha nahIM / jar3a deha se AtmA ko ekAtma samajhanA AtmaghAta hai| jo moha, mAna. rAga-dveSa choDakara tapolIna hote haiM. ve hI prApya ko pAte haiN| kevala kacalaMcana athavA vasana-mocana se sAdhutA nahIM aatii| jaba nija sahaja AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai tabhI rati, Iti, bhIti ni:zeSa hotI haiN| nirgrantha munigaNa sabhI parISahoM aura upasargoM ko jhelate hue nadI kinAre dhyAnamagna rahate haiN| jo mAnApamAna meM samAna rahate haiM, AtmadhyAna karate haiM, ve kabhI bhI bhavabIca meM nahIM aate| jaba yaza-kIrti, bhoga Adi sabhI nissAra haiM to subuddha loga isa para vyathA garva nahIM karate / ve to nizcinta ho nija meM vihAra karate haiN| 5. muktaka-zataka (1971 meM Alekhana prArambha) muktaka ve racanAe~ haiM jo para se anAliMgita rahakara apane Apa meM pUrNa aura AsvAdakara hotI haiN| isa saMgraha meM aise hI muktaka saMkalita haiN| zrIguru ke dvArA die gae upadeza se AtmajAgaraNa, bhavasampRkti se kheda, tana-mana se jJAnaguNaniketana AtmA kA bheda Adi kI carcA muktakoM meM kI gaI hai / tadanantara aba unheM sarvatra ujAlA, nirAlA zivapatha, mohanizA kA apagama, bodharavi kiraNa kA prasphuTana, samatA-aruNimA kI vRddhi, unnata zikhara para ArohaNa, viSamatA kaNTaka kA apasaraNa anubhavagocara ho rahA hai| unheM laga rahA hai aba kisI kI cAha nahIM hai, duHkha Tala gayA hai, nija sukha mila gayA hai / avidyA kA tyAga, kaSAyakumbha kA vighaTana ho cukA hai| unakA vicAra hai ki muni vahI hai jo vazI hai, abhimAna zUnya hai / jise nija kA jJAna nahIM hai, vaha vyartha hI mAna karatA hai / sudhI jAnatA hai ki tattvata: vaha bAla, yuvA aura vRddha nahIM hai, vastuta: ye saba jar3a ke bavAla haiN| sudhIjana aisA samajhatA huA sahaja nija sukha kI sAdhanA karatA rahatA hai / AtmA na kabhI ghaTatA hai, na kabhI bar3hatA hai aura na kabhI miTatA hai, para kheda hai ki mUr3ha ko yaha bAta jJAta nhiiN| jhara-jhara bahatA huA jharanA logoM ko yaha sandeza detA hai ki nirantara gatizIla rahanA hai, mUla sattA se ekAtma honA hai tAki bAra-bAra calanA na pdd'e| sarojinI sacetanA kA jaba se udaya huA, jaba se pramoda kA nirantara lahalahAnA cala rahA hai| jo prakRti se sumela rakhatA hai, vaha mithyA khela khela rahA hai / vaha vibhAva se pUrNa aura svabhAva se dUra hai / aba to cirakAla se akelI puruSa ke sAtha kelirata huuN| vahA~ se amRtadhAra pIne ko nirantara milatA hai, sasmita pyAra prApta hotA hai / aba to unheM sadaiva cetanA prasanna aura anukUla rakhegI aura nirantara unakA sahavAsa banA rahegA, ciravAMchita sukhasamudra meM gotA lagatA rhegaa| 6. dohA-stuti-zataka (4 apraila, 1993) trividha pratibandhakoM ke nirAkaraNArtha, lokasaMgrahArtha Arambha maMgalAcaraNa se kara vibhinna tIrthakaroM jaise vandanIya caraNoM kA isa saMgraha meM stavana kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama zrI gurucaraNoM kA smaraNa isalie hai ki unhIM ne govinda banAyA hai| tadanantara tIrthaMkara zrI AdinAtha bhagavAn, zrI ajitanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zambhavanAtha bhagavAn, zrI abhinandananAtha bhagavAn, zrI sumatinAtha bhagavAn, zrI padmaprabha bhagavAn, zrI supArzvanAtha bhagavAn, zrI candraprabhu bhagavAn, zrI puSpadanta
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 507 bhagavAn, zrI zItalanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zreyAMsanAtha bhagavAn, zrI vAsupUjya bhagavAn, zrI vimalanAtha bhagavAn, zrI anantanAtha bhagavAn, zrI dharmanAtha bhagavAn, zrI zAntinAtha bhagavAn, zrI kunthunAtha bhagavAn, zrI arahanAtha bhagavAn, zrI mallinAtha bhagavAn, zrI munisuvratanAtha bhagavAn, zrI naminAtha bhagavAn, zrI neminAtha bhagavAn, zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAn evaM zrI mahAvIra bhagavAn kA sarvavidha stavana, vandana, caraNAbhinandana kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra yadi kSIra haiM to AcAryazrI apane ko nIra mAna rahe haiM aura unakI vinatI hai ki ve isa prArthayitA ko apane se ekAtma kara leN| 7. pUrNodaya-zataka (19 sitambara, 1994) isa saMkalana meM AcAryazrI dvArA zrAvakoM aura mumukSuoM ke lie tattva kI bAta batAI gaI hai, taraha-taraha ke upadeza die gae haiM, karaNIya-akaraNIya kA sandeza diyA gayA hai, pApa-puNya aura donoM se Upara uThane kA sandezanirUpaNa huA hai tAki sAdhakoM meM pUrNatA kA udaya ho sake / prastuta saMkalana kA bhI zubhArambha guNa-gaNa-ghana ke prati praNipAta se huA hai / vandana, namana, samarpaNabhAva kI ajasra bhAvadhArA ke pravAhaNa ke bAda AcAryazrI ne upadezAmRta kI dhArAsAra vRSTi kI hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki svArtha aura paramArtha kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki kaurava raurava meM gae aura pANDava zivadhAma ge| pArasamaNi ke to sparza se lohA sonA banatA hai parantu bhagavAn pArasanAtha ke darzana mAtra se moha kA vinAza aura pAramArthika kalyANa ho jAtA hai, upAsaka svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| nAga sthala para hI meMDhaka ko nigalatA hai, jala meM nhiiN| isI prakAra jo bhI nija-svabhAva se bAhara gayA use karma dabA detA hai / unakA upadeza hai ki yadi Atma-kalyANa cAhate ho to deha-geha kA neha chor3a do| yaha sneha (taila) hI hai jisake jalane se ujAlA hotA hai| yadi dUsaroM ke A~suoM ko dekhakara draSTA kI A~kheM na bhara jAya~ to usakA mAtra pUchanA aura poMchanA kisa kAma kA ? sAdhaka Atma-kalyANArthI ko cAhie ki vaha bar3e-bar3e pApa na kare aura bar3I-bar3I bhUla bhI na kare tAki usakI pagar3I kI lAja banI rhe| unakA upadeza hai ki sAdhu-santoM dvArA praNIta zAstroM kA svAdhyAya kiyA jAya tAki moha naSTa ho aura pratiSThA prApta ho / deza vahI maz2abUta hai jisameM dharma kI sampatti ho, bhavana vahI Tika sakatA hai jisakI nIMva maz2abUta ho / galatI dekhakara yadi hama sahI pAne ko vikala ho jAya~ to vaha galatI bhI kisI dRSTi se upAdeya hai| giranA bhI sarvathA vyartha nahIM hai yadi kisI gire ko dekhakara hama uTha jAya~ to vaha giranA bhI uThAne meM yogadAna karatA hai| hRdaya to milA, para yadi usameM dayA nahIM hai aura cirakAla taka adaya hI banA rahA, to isase bar3I cintA kI aura koI bAta nhiiN| prArthanA kI gaI hai prabhu se ki vaha a-dayA kA vilaya kare / dayAvAn kI cira abhIpsA hai ki bhale laukikatA se dUra pAralaukikatA mile yA na mile, para lokahita kI kAmanA aura tadanusAra AcaraNa nirantara banA rahe / yahI zreya aura preya hai| cetanA ke zodhana kA yahI mArga hai| 8. sarvodaya-zataka (13 maI, 1994) pUrvokta anya saMkalanoM kI taraha isakA bhI zubhArambha zrI gurupAda vandana tathA mA~ bhAratI ke stavana-vandana ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / AcAryazrI kI pratizruti hai : "sarvodaya isa zataka kA, mAtra rahA upadeza / deza tathA paradeza bhI, bane samunnata deza // 5 // " 'bahujana hitAya, bahujana sukhAya'-kI jagaha 'sabajana sukhAya - sabajana hitAya' kA saMkalpa kahIM adhika sAttvika aura sukhakara hai| unakI vicAraNA hai ki ve sabameM guNa hI guNa sadA khojate raheM aura apane bhItara dekhate raheM ki dAga kahA~
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________________ 508 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 1 zeSa raha gayA hai / jaba taka dAga nahIM miTatA, taba taka guNoM ke sadbhAva kI sambhAvanA hI kahA~ hogI ? jisa prakAra makkhI apane pairoM ko sApha karake ur3atI hai, sAdhaka ko bhI cAhie ki vaha hara taraha ke saMga ko tyAgakara nirbAdha DubakI lagAe / sAdhu ko cAhie ki vaha svAzrita bhAva se samRddha hokara rahe, na ki gRhI kI bhA~ti rahe / vastuta: sAdhaka jaba taka siddha nahIM banatA taba taka zuddha kA anubhava use kisa prakAra sambhava hai ? kyA dugdhapAna se kabhI ghRtapAna sambhava hai ? sAdhanA vahI anvartha hai jisameM anartha na milA ho / mokSa bhale na mile, para pApa ke gaDDhe se sadA dUra rahe | choTA kaMkar3a bhI DUba jAtA hai aura sthUla kASTha bhI nahIM DUbatA - isameM tarka vyartha hai / yaha to svabhAva - svabhAva kI bAta hai| yadi puruSa santa hai to pApa bhI rAga kA dhvaMsa usI taraha kara detA hai jisa taraha garma pAnI bhI Aga ko zAnta kara detA hai / bhArata kA sAhitya kucha aura hI hai, zeSa dezoM ke sAhitya kI bAta kyA kahU~, ho sakatA hai - unameM lAlitya ? jisakI cetanA meM bhagavAn kA vAsa ho-vahA~ jar3atAdhAyaka rAga kA tyAga kyoM na ho ? cakavA ko candra mila jAya kyA taba vaha cakavI kA tyAga nahIM kara detA ? prArambhika racanAe~ 1. AcArya zrI 108 zAntisAgara jI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) isa saMkalana meM AcAryazrI kI prArambhika racanAe~ saMkalita haiN| isameM Apane zAntisAgarajI kA mUla vAsasthAna maisUra, belagA~va, bhoja tathA usa kSetra meM pravAhita hone vAlI dUdhagaMgA tathA vedagaMgA jaisI nadiyoM ke varNana ke bAda bhoja meM sthita kRSikalAvijJa dayAvAn manujottama bhImagaur3A kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / ve puNyAtmA tathA vIranAtha ke dharma ke paramabhakta the / unakI taraha unakI patnI bhI sItA ke samAna sundara aura sunItimAna thIM / unake donoM bacce bhI sUrya-candra ke samAna suzAnta prakRti ke the / jyeSTha putra thA - devagaur3A aura kaniSTha thA saatgaudd'aa| zaizavakAla meM hI sAtagaur3A kI patnI ke avasAna ho jAne para puna: vivAha kA jaba prasaMga AyA taba usane mA~ se kahA- 'mA~, jaga meM sAra aura punIta hai- jaina dharma, ata: merI icchA hai ki maiM muni bnuuN'| yaha prastAva sunakara mA~ khinna ho uThI, para putra kA haTha banA rahA / vaha apane saMkalpa para ar3A rahA aura zrI devendrakIrtijI se dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura mokSamArga para ArUr3ha ho hI gayA / unake zIla-saujanya aura tapa kA kyA kahanA ? phira eka bAra zeDavAla gurujI pdhaare| aura Apake dharmopadeza kA hI yU~ prabhAva hai : "bhArI prabhAva mujha pai taba bhAratI kA, dekho par3A isalie muni hU~ abhI kA / " janma hogA, to maraNa hogA hI / isa niyama ke anusAra AcAryavarya guruvarya ne antataH sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa hetu samAdhi le hI lii| ise dekha mahI meM sArI janatA duHkhI ho utthii| astu, AcAryavarya jahA~ bhI gae hoM, vahIM stutisaroja bhejatA hU~ / isa prakAra AcAryazrI ne unake pAda-dvaya meM apanA bhAla navA diyA / 2. AcArya zrI 108 vIrasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) haidarAbAda rAjya eka sulalita rAjya hai| usI ke antargata hai - auraMgAbAda jilA / bar3A hI zAnta sthAna hai / yahIM eka jagaha hai - Ira, jisake samAna amarAvatI meM bhI vaibhava nahIM hai| vahA~ eka jinAlaya hai| usI Ira grAma meM eka vRSaniSTha seTha the zrI rAmacandra / ve nAmAnurUpa guNaikadhAma the| unakI patnI bhI manamohinI sItAsamA paramabhAgyavatI thI / inakI kokha se do zizu janme jo parama sundara aura sabake lAr3ale the / unakA nAma thA - zrI gulAbacandra tathA hIrAlAla / mA~ ne apanI icchA sAsa banane kI vyakta kI aura lAr3ale ke samakSa vivAha kA prastAva rakhA / para beTe ne vivAha kI anicchA hI vyakta kI / mAtA isa nizcaya ko sunakara du:khI huI, para beTA apane saMkalpa para dRr3ha banA rhaa| hIrAlAla yaha kahakara
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 509 guruvarya zAntisAgara ke pAsa calA gayA aura unase dIkSA grahaNa 'vIrasAgara' anvartha nAma grahaNa kiyA / muni sulabha caryA grahaNa kI, ata: logoM ke bIca bar3e paramapUjya hue / zrIguru se samyak darzana, jJAna, cAritra prApta ho gayA thaa| ve svAdhyAya lIna rahakara nirantara doSaprakSAlana karate rahate the| Apake prathama ziSya the yogI zivasAgarajI aura dUsare ziSya the siddhamUrti jayasAgarajI / vaise to zrutasAgara prabhRti bhI ziSyagaNa the / antata: Apane sallekhanAmaraNa kI bhAvanA se samAdhi lii| ve jahA~ bhI gae hoM, AcAryazrI jJAnasAgarajI kA prathama ziSya vidyAsAgara apane stuti-saroja vahA~ bheja rahA hai| 3. AcAryazrI 108 zivasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1971) auraMgAbAda ke pAsa eka choTI sI jagaha hai-ar3apura / vahA~ nyAyamArgAdhirUDha dharmAtmA loga haiN| unameM zrI nemIcanda jI rA~vakA kI patnI zrImatI dagar3AbAIjI mRgAkSI thiiN| unakA baccA hIrA se bhI adhika rucivAlA hIrAlAla thaa| inakI javAnI kA saundarya dekhakara sArI kumAriyA~ kAmapIr3ita ho uThatI thiiN| mA~ ne yuvAvasthA dekha vivAha kA prastAva rakhA, para unhoMne kahA ki vivAha karanA hI cAhatI ho to merA vivAha mokSarUpI ramA se kara do| mAtA kA netra azruplAvita ho uThA / para unhoMne samajhAyA ki isa bhavavipina meM merA-terA kauna ? mujhe to dIkSA lekara zramaNa bananA hai, dharma kA svAda lenA hai / maiM zama-dama kA pAlana karU~gA aura AtmA ko pahacAnU~gA / phira to virakta ho, svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho gae / AcAryazrI apanI zraddhAMjali unheM bhI de rahe haiN| 4. AcAryazrI 108 jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke pAvana caraNAravinda meM hArdika zraddhAMjali (1973) "jaya ho jJAnasAgara RSirAja, tumane mujhe saphala banAyA Aja / aura ika bAra karo upakAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra" // 20 // isa khaNDa ke anta meM kucha anya bhakti gIta (1971) bhI saMkalita kara die gae haiM, jinake zIrSaka haiM- 'aba maiM mama mandira meM rahU~gA, 'parabhAva tyAga tU bana zIghra digambara, 'mokSalalanA ko jiyA ! kaba baregA ?, 'bhaTakana taba taka bhava meM jArI 'bananA cAhatA yadi zivAMganA pati,''cetana nija ko jAna jarA' tathA 'samAkita laabh'| ina sabake sAtha eka racanA hai, 'My self jisameM unhoMne batAyA hai ki unakI prakRti ni:saMgatA kI hai| maiM apanA zikSaka svayaM hU~ / ina gItoM meM bhI munisulabha bhAva aura vicAra kI taraMgeM laharA rahI haiM, inheM par3hate hI banatA hai, mana bhIMga-bhIMga uThatA hai| 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' (cAra) yaha khaNDa gadya zailI meM nibaddha hai| isa khaNDa meM kula nau upakhaNDa haiM - pravacanAmRta, guruvANI, pravacana pArijAta, pravacana paMcAmRta, pravacana pradIpa, pravacana parva, pAvana pravacana, pravacana prameya tathA prvcnikaa| pravacanAmRta (1975) ___ isa upakhaNDa meM phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza meM pradatta kula satraha pravacana nimnalikhita zIrSakoM se saMgrahIta haiM - samIcIna dharma, nirmala dRSTi, vinayAvanati, suzIlatA, nirantara jJAnopayoga, saMvega, tyAgavRtti, sat-tapa, sAdhusamAdhi-sudhA-sAdhana, vaiyAvRtya, arhat bhakti, AcArya bhakti, zikSA-guru stuti, bhagavadbhAratI bhakti, vimala Avazyaka, dharma-prabhAvanA tathA vAtsalya / jaina zAstra ko hRdayaMgama karane meM ye pravacana nitAnta manorama aura upAdeya haiN| AcArya samantabhadra mAnate haiM ki samIcIna dharma karmoM kA nirmUlana karatA hai / aura prANimAtra ko du:khoM se
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________________ 510 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA ubArakara sukha pradAna karatA hai / parameSThiyoM ne batAyA hai ki samIcIna dRSTi, jJAna aura sadAcaraNa kI samaSTi hI dharma hai| nirmala dRSTi se unakA abhiprAya hai tattva-cintana se dRSTi meM Ane vAlI nirmalatA / darzana vizuddhi kA vAstavika abhiprAya yahI hai / tattva-manthana se vinaya guNa bhI upalabdha hotA hai jo vinayazIla ke pratyeka vyApAra se jharatA rahatA hai| yaha siddhatva-prApti kA mUla hai| 'suzIlatA' meM zIla kA artha svabhAva hai jisakI prApti ke lie niraticAra vrata kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai| jIvana ko zAnta aura sabala rakhanA hI niraticAra hai-yaha AtmAnuzAsana se hI sambhava hai| saMvega sarAga samyagdarzana ke cAra lakSaNoM meM se eka hai / isakA artha hai saMsAra se bhayabhIta honA / AtmA ke ananta guNoM meM bhI yaha eka guNa hai / saMvega se dRSTi lakSya para ekAgra ho jAtI hai| tyAga se matalaba hai viSayoM kA tyAga / unameM anAsakti / yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba nijI sampatti kI pahacAna ho jAya / jAgarUka hI tyAga kara sakatA hai| sat tapa : doSanivRtti ke lie samIcIna tapa parama rasAyana hai aura etadartha nivRtti ke mArga para jAnA zreyaskara hai / sAdhu-samAdhi sudhA-sAdhana : isameM sAdhu-samAdhi kA artha hai-Adarza mRtyu athavA sajjana kA maraNa / tattvata: harSa-viSAda se pare AtmasattA kI satata anubhUti sAdhu-samAdhi hai / Adarza mauta vahI hai jise mauta ke rUpa meM na dekhA jAya / yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba hameM apanI zAzvatatA kA bhAna ho jAya / vaiyAvRtya : isakA artha hai-sevA / tattvata: dekhA jAya to para-sevA se apane mana kI vedanA miTAkara sevaka apanI hI sevA karatA hai / dUsare to mAtra nimitta haiN| arhat sevA hai pUjya kI upAsanA / vAstavika bhakti yahI hai / arhat hone kI yogyatA pratyeka upAsaka meM vidyamAna hai| ata: usakI abhivyakti ke lie use apane meM hI DUbanA hogA, samarpita honA hogaa| bAhara kA pUjya to mAtra nimitta hai / isI prakAra AcArya-stuti kA bhI marma samajheM / arihanta parameSThI ke bAda AcArya parameSThI stutya haiM, kyoMki vahI ziSya ko tattva-bodha karAkara tattvAtmA banA detA hai| vastuta: mokSamArga meM AcArya se U~cA pada sAdhu kA hai| AcAryatva to usakI eka upAdhi hai jisakA vimocana muktiprApti se pUrva honA anivArya hai / AcArya upadeza aura Adeza to detA hai para sAdhanA pUrI karane ke lie sAdhu pada ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| zikSA guru ko upAdhyAya mAnA jAtA hai / vaha stutya isalie hai ki vaha svayaM saMsAra kI prakriyA se dUra rahakara sAdhaka ko bhI vaha prakriyA batAtA hai / bhagavad bhAratI bhakti meM vacana kI apekSA pravacana kI mahattA kA gAna hai / sAdhAraNa rUpa se bole gae zabda vacana haiM, para ajJAna kA jJAna aura anubhava prApta karake jo viziSTa zabda bole jAte haiM, ve pravacana haiN| vacana kA dravyazruta se aura pravacana kA bhAvazruta se sambandha hai / bhAvazruta andara kI pukAra hai| vimala Avazyaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki samala anAvazyaka karma karatA hai aura vimala yA avazI (indriya aura mana ke vaza meM na rahane vAlA) hI Avazyaka kArya sampanna karatA hai| svabhAva meM pratiSThita hone ke anurUpa kiyA jAne vAlA kArya hI Avazyaka hai na ki viSayavAsanAtarpaka / dharma prabhAvanA meM usa bhAvanA ko prakRSTa mAnA gayA hai jo Atmatattva prApti viSayaka ho / gantavya kI ora le jAne vAlA mArga hI dharma hai, ata: usakI prabhAvanA hI dharma prabhAvanA hai / vAtsalya hai samAnadharmiyoM ke prati karuNabhAva-sajAtiyoM ke prati karuNabhAva / sAdhujanoM ke pravacana meM yahI bhAva jharatA rahatA hai / pravacana hI kyoM, sabhI vyavahAra meM / manuSya meM prema kI eka aisI DorI hai jo sajAtiyoM ko bA~dha letI hai| guruvANI (1979) ___isa upakhaNDa meM jayapura, rAjasthAna meM hue pravacanoM kI sArarUpa kula ATha guruvANiyA~ saMkalita haiM / aura ve isa prakAra haiM - Ananda kA srota-AtmAnuzAsana, brahmacarya-cetana kA bhoga, nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai, AtmalInatA hI dhyAna, mUrta se amUrta, AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra, parigraha tathA acaurya / AtmAnuzAsana : sabhI samasyAoM kA eka samAdhAna hai-anuzAsana, aura sabhI samasyAoM kA eka kAraNa hai - anuzAsanahInatA / kartRtvagata svAtantrya ko buddhigata viveka se hI AcaraNa meM utArA jA sakatA hai / sva=AtmA, tantrya
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 511 =adhInatA, svAtantrya AtmAdhInatA-AtmAnuzAsana / sat-asat ke bIca viveka kA jAgarUka rahanA hI AtmAnuzAsana hai| brahmacarya kA eka to pracalita purAnA artha sarvavidita hai, para usake artha meM eka nayApana bhI hai aura vaha hai paronmukhIvRtti yA cittapravAha ko sva kI ora mor3anA / bhoga ke roga se nivRtti hI brahmacarya hai / nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai-dUsaroM ko pIr3A na denA bhI ahiMsA hai para yaha adhUrI ahiMsA hai| vAstavika ahiMsA taba AtI hai jaba AtmA se rAga-dveSa kA pariNAma samApta ho jAya / dravya ahiMsA se bar3I hai-bhAva ahiMsA / isI se sva-para kA kalyANa sambhava hai| AtmalInatA hI dhyAna hai- dhyAna eka aisI citta kI ekAgravRtti hai jo sabhI meM sambhava hai, para adhikAMza meM vaha saMsAra kI ora rahatI hai, usI para mana TikA rahatA hai| use parAvRtta karanA hai, AtmA kI ora mor3a denA hai tabhI dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna hogA aura yahI dhyAna mokSa kA hetu hai / ArtadhyAna-raudradhyAna saMsAra ke hetu haiM / mUrta se amUrta : AtmA kI do dazAe~ haiM- svabhAvastha aura vibhAvastha yA vaibhAvika / prathama avasthA meM vaha svabhAvata: amUrta hai, para dUsarI avasthA meM vaha mUrta hai / yadi vaibhAvika AtmA ko vItarAga mila jAya to vaha apane amUrta svabhAva meM A jAyagA / mUrta dazA se amUrta dazA meM A jaaygaa| AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra : samayasAra meM samaya kA artha hai-'samyaka ayana'-gamana karane vaalaa| gati kA artha jAnanA bhI hotA hai / isa prakAra samaya arthAt jo samIcIna rUpa se apane zuddha guNa-paryAyoM kI anubhUti karatA hai| usakA sAra hai-samayasAra arthAt zuddhAtmA / isa prakAra samayasAra AtmAnubhUti kA hI tattvata: dUsarA nAma hai / mAtra jAnanA samayasAra nahIM hai| parigraha : mAtra bAhya vastuoM kA grahaNa parigraha nahIM hai / vastutaH mUrchA hI parigraha hai, una vastuoM ke prati lagAva hI parigraha hai, Asakti hI parigraha hai / Asakti hI AtmA ko bA~dhatI hai / acaurya : caurya-bhAva ke tyAga kA saMkalpa lene se 'para' ke grahaNa kA bhAva calA jAyagA / jaba dRSTi meM vItarAgatA A jAyagI, taba rAga meM bhI vItarAgatA dRSTigocara hone lgegii| jaba cetanA se caurya bhAva gayA, taba sarvatra acaurya dRSTigocara hone lagegA / isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki ghRNA cora se nahIM, caurya bhAva se karanA caahie| pravacana pArijAta (1978) isa upakhaNDa meM nainAgiri, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM hue sAta vaktavya saMkalita haiN| ve haiM - jIva-ajIva tattva, Asrava tattva, bandha tattva, saMvara tattva, nirjarA tattva, mokSa tattva, anekAnta / jaina dhArA meM kula sAta tattva haiM : jIva-ajIva : jIva tattva ko prAthamikatA isalie prApta hai ki usameM saMvedana kSamatA hai / bhukti aura mukti donoM saMvedanagocara haiN| jIva hI pratyeka tattva kA bhoktA hai| ajIva meM saMvedanakSamatA nahIM hai| vaibhAvika sthiti se svAbhAvika sthiti meM Ane para use hI muktatA kA saMvedana hone lagatA hai / anAdikAla se karma, nokarma aura bhAvakarma rUpa ajIva kA jIva ke sAtha sambandha calA A rahA hai / isa sambandha ke Atyantika nirAsa se hI muktatA saMvedanagocara ho sakatI hai| anAdikAla se prApta kASAya se pudgala (kArmaNa vargaNArUpa) meM karmAtmaka pariNati, karma se zarIra, zarIra se indriyAdi kI racanA aura phira unase viSayoM ke grahaNa kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai, jisase bandha hotA hai / AtmA ke svabhAva kA anyathA bhavana yA vibhAvana hone lagatA hai / mokSamArga meM ArUr3ha hone para jIva vibhAva se svabhAva meM Akara muktatA kA anubhava karatA hai| Asava : sava kA artha hai-bahanA, Asrava kA isakA viparItArtha hai-saba ora se aanaa| karmoM kA Asrava AtmA kI hI 'yoga' nAmaka vaibhAvika sthiti se hotA hai / AcAryoM ne pAriNAmika bhAvoM meM prakhyAta tIna (jIvatva, bhavyatva, abhavyatva) ke atirikta ise bhI mAnA hai| isake na mAnane se AtmA kA svAtantrya pratihata hotA hai / isa Asrava ke pA~ca dvAra haiM - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / ina pA~ca meM mithyAtva ke sAtha anantAnubandhI ko bhI rakha rakhA hai| azubha lezyA ko zubhratama banAne se anantAnubandhI bhI calI jAtI hai / phalata: sAre Asrava ruka jaayeNge| bandha tattva : karma pradezoM kA AtmapradezoM se eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAnA hI bandha hai / rAga-dveSa rUpa kaSAya kI ArdratA se
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________________ 512 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA paudgalika karma AtmA se cipaka jAte haiM, phira usakA UrdhvagamanAtmaka svabhAva avaruddha ho jAtA hai / karma aura AtmA hI hai / isa karmabandha kI paramparA ko samApta karane ke lie avipAka nirjarA kI sahAyatA lI jAnI cAhie / saMvara tattva : saMsAra ke nirmAtA Asrava aura bandha haiM aura mokSa ke nirmAtA saMvara aura nirjarA haiN| Asrava kA nirodha hI vara hai / karmoM ke Asrava rUpa pravAha ko hama apane puruSArtha ke bala para upayoga rUpa bA~dha ke dvArA bA~dha dete haiN| taba karmoM ke Ane kA dvAra ruka jAtA hai, saMvaraNa ho jAtA hai| upayoga AtmA kA ananya guNa hai / yahI Atmazakti usa pravAha kA saMvaraNa kara sakatI hai| 1 nirjarA : karmoM kA AnA to saMvRta ho gayA, para jo karma AtmA para kaSAya kI ArdratA se cipaka gae haiM, unakI nirjarA karanI hai, unheM haTAnA hai / aSTavidha karmoM kA sA~pa chAtI para car3hA baiThA hai aura hama moha kI nIMda meM kharaTi bhara rahe haiN| nirjarA kA Azaya hai ki andara ke sAre ke sAre vikAroM ko nikAla kara bAhara pheMka denA / mokSa nirjarA kA hI phala hai / mokSa tattva : saMsArI AkramaNa yAnI bAhara kI ora yAtrA kara rahA hai aura muktikAmI ko pratikramaNa yAni bhItara kI ora yAtrA karanA hai / yahI apane Apa kI upalabdhi hai / kRtadoSa-nirAkaraNa hI pratikramaNa hai / doSoM se, kaSAya kI ArdratA se AtmA ko mukta karanA, tapa se use sukhA denA hI mukti kA mArga hai| doSamukta hote hI UrdhvagamanAtmaka svabhAva sakriya ho jAtA hai, mukti ho jAtI hai| mukti vimocanArthaka 'muMca' dhAtu se niSpanna hai yAnI chor3anA hai pApa ko, vaha chor3A jAtA hai / mukti pAne kA upakrama yahI hai ki samyakdarzana, jJAna, cAritra ko apanA kara nirgrantha ho jAya~ / anekAnta : prathamAnuyoga meM paurANika kathA, karaNAnuyoga meM bhaugolika kathA, caraNAnuyoga meM AcAra kathA tathA dravyAnuyoga meM Agama aura adhyAtma kI bAta AtI hai / adhyAtma meM to sabakA sAmya ho jAtA hai, para Agama sabake alaga-alaga haiM / Agama ke bhI do bheda haiM - karma siddhAnta aura darzana / karma siddhAnta ko bhI sabane svIkAra kiyA hai, para darzana ke kSetra meM tattvacintaka apane - apane gantavya ke anurUpa vicAra karate haiM / aisI sthiti meM alpajJatA vaicArika saMgharSa kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| hameM saMgharSa se bacanA hai / SaTdarzana ke antargata vastuta: jaina darzana koI alaga darzana nahIM hai / vaha ina chahoM ko sammilita karane vAlA darzana hai / saba ko ekatra karake samajhane samajhAne vAlA darzana hai - jaina darzana / samatA meM pratiSThita hI ise ThIka samajha sakatA hai / samatA anekAnta kA hArda hai| hama dUsare kI bAta samatApUrvaka suneM aura samajheM aura usameM antarnihita 'dRSTi' ko pakar3eM / nizcaya bhI eka sApekSa dRSTi hai / viSamatA meM sthita grAhaka saMgharSazIla hogA to samatA meM sthita nirNaya lene vAlA niSpakSa hogA / pakSa hamezA ekAMgI hotA hai / syAdvAdI ke samakSa koI samasyA nahIM hotI, kyoMki vaha samajhatA hai ki jisa sApekSa dRSTi se bAta yA pakSa rakhA gayA hai vaha usa dRSTi se ThIka hai, para vahI ThIka hai, aisA nahIM / syAt vaha ThIka hai| nyAya ekAMgI hokara nahIM hotA / nyAya to anekAnta se hI hotA hai| syAdvAdI hI sahI nirNaya lene meM sakSama hai| vicAra vaiSamya kA kAraNa hai - saMkIrNatA / dRSTi ko vyApaka banAie / vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hotI hai aura jJAna vastu tantra ko jAnane rUpa hotA hai| ina ananta dharmoM meM kucha vidheyAtmaka haiM aura analpa niSedhAtmaka / vaktA patA nahIM kisa dharma ko pakar3akara kyA kaha rahA hai, ata: grAhaka ko cAhie ki vaha samatA meM sthira rahakara vyApaka dRSTi se vaktavya ko grahaNa kare / anekAntAtmaka hotA hai jJAna, jisake nirUpaNa meM sahAyaka hai - nayavAda / bhagavAn ne apane jJAna kI prarUpaNA nayavAda se hI kI hai / anekAnta kA artha hai-aneka dharma jisameM hoM, vaha vastu anekAntAtmaka yA ananta dharmAtmaka vastu hai / anekAnta koI vAda nahIM hai / vAda hai - syAdvAda, jisakA artha hI hai - kathaMcidvAda, arthAt nayavAda / anekAnta kA sahArA lekara syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se prarUpaNA hotI hai aura aisI prarUpaNA karane vAlA vyakti atyanta dhIra hotA hai| naya anekAntaka vastu kI ora le jAne ke kAraNa 'naya' kahA jAtA hai / isa naya se samagra vastu kA grahaNa nahIM hotA, isIlie mukhya rUpa se do nayoM kI vyavasthA hai-vyavahAra naya aura nizcaya naya / hai 1
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 513 vyavahAra naya kA artha hai vizvakalyANa aura nizcaya naya kA artha hai-AtmakalyANa / AtmakalyANa ke lie donoM nayoM kA sahArA lenA hogaa| AtmasurakSA ke lie nizcaya naya aura dUsaroM ko samajhAne ke lie vyavahAra naya kA prayoga honA cAhie / naya zabdabhaMgI hai| pravacana paMcAmRta (1979) isa upakhaNDa meM madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM pradatta pA~ca pravacana saMkalita haiM - janma : Atma - kalyANa kA avasara, tapa : Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna, jJAna : Atma-upalabdhi kA sopAna, jJAna kalyANaka (Atmadarzana kA sopAna) mokSa : saMsAra ke paar| janma : Atma-kalyANa kA avasara : janma-kalyANaka ke samaya kSAyika samyagdRSTi saudharma indra aura karor3oM kI saMkhyA meM deva loga Ate haiN| pANDuka zilA para bAlaka tIrthaMkara ko le jAkara janma kalyANaka manAte haiN| abhiSeka, pUjana aura nRtyagAna Adi karate haiM / ratnoM kI vRSTi karate haiN| jisane Aja janma liyA, yaha janma lene vAlI AtmA bhI samyagdRSTi hai| usake pAsa mati, zruta aura avadhijJAna bhI hai| jinazAsana meM pUjyatA vItarAgatA se AtI hai, isalie janma se koI bhagavAn yA tIrthakara nahIM hotaa| ata: isa samAroha meM muni loga nahIM aate| janma zarIra kA hotA hai, AtmA kA nhiiN| vaha eka paudgalika racanA hai / pUraNa aura galana isakA svabhAva hai| tapa : Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna : yaha vaha zubha ghar3I hai jaba muni AtmasAdhanA prArambha karake paramAtmA ke rUpa meM Dhala rahe haiN| ve bheda-vijJAna prApta kara cuke haiM / yahI bheda-vijJAna unheM kevalajJAna karAegA / yaha Atma-sAdhanA hI hai jo kevalajJAna taka pahu~catI hai / bhedajJAna jaba jAgrata ho jAtA hai tabhI heya kA vimocana aura upAdeya kA grahaNa hotA hai| heya kA vimocana hone para hI upAdeya kI prApti sambhava hai| abhI gantavya dUra hai, para Trena meM baiTha gae haiN| abhI do sTezanoM taka aura rukanA pdd'egaa| abhI to yaha kevalajJAna se pUrva tapazcaraNa kI bhUmikA hai| abhI to tana, vacana aura mana tapegA, taba AtmA zuddha hogii| abhI to pravrajyA grahaNa kara parivrAja hue haiM, dIkSita hue haiN| Aja sarva parigraha kA tyAga kara bhava santaraNa ke lie isa jIva kA mokSamArga para ArohaNa huA hai| jJAna : Atma-upalabdhi kA sopAna : yaha vaha samaya hai jaba munirAja bhagavAn banane kA puruSArtha kara rahe haiN| eka bhakta kI taraha bhagavAna bhakti meM lIna hokara AtmA kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| aba unheM saMsAra kI nahIM, pratyuta sva-samaya kI prApti kI lagana lagI huI hai| samaya kI vyAkhyA pahale kI jA cukI hai| jJAna kalyANaka (Atma-darzana kA sopAna) : pUrva kalyANaka meM munirAja heya ko chor3a cuke haiM aura jo sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se chUTane vAle haiM unako haTAne ke lie sAdhanA meM rata hue haiN| jo granthiyA~ zeSa raha gaI haiM, jo andara kI nidhi bAhara prakaTa hone meM avarodha paidA kara rahI haiM, una granthiyoM ko tapa ke dvArA haTAne meM lage haiN| Aja munirAja ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI hai, para kevalajJAna mukti nahIM hai / saMsAravardhaka bhAvoM ko haTAne ke lie Avazyaka hai ki moha aura yoga htte| yoga AtmA ke pradezoM kA parispandana hai aura moha arthAt vikRta upayoga / yoga se parispandana aura moha se karma-vargaNAe~ Akara cipaka jAtI haiN| moha ke abhAva meM ve Akara bhI calI jAtI haiN| mokSa : saMsAra ke pAra : mukti parama puruSArtha se prApta huI hai / isake pahale parama puruSArtha sampanna nahIM huA thaa| yaha parama puruSArtha hI hai jisase avyakta zakti vyakta huI aura mokSa kI prApti ho gii| AtmA vibhAva kA tyAga karatA huA svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho gayA aura svabhAva se UrdhvagamanazIla AtmA yathAsthAna pahu~ca kara pratiSThita ho gyaa|
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________________ 514 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pravacana pradIpa (1984) isa upakhaNDa meM jo vaktavya saMkalita haiM, ve haiM -samAdhidivasa, rakSAbandhana, darzana-pradarzana, vyAmoha kI parAkASThA, Adarza sambandha, AtmAnuzAsana, antima samAdhAna, jJAna aura anubhUti, samIcIna sAdhanA, mAnavatA / samAdhidivasa : AcAryazrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke prati isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karate hue zrIguru kI mahimA kA varNana kiyA hai / unhoMne ajJAnatimirAndha ziSya ke jJAnacakSu ko jJAnAJjanazalAkA se udghATita karane vAle zrIguru kI tahedila se vandanA kI hai| zrIguru vaha kumhAra hai jo tala se sahArA bhI detA hai aura Upara se coTa dekara usakA nirmANa bhI karatA hai / aisA zrIguru kyoM na vandanIya ho jo ziSya ko govinda hI banA detA hai| rakSAbandhana : yaha eka aise parva kA dina hai jo bandhana kA hone para bhI parva mAnA jA rahA hai aura isakA kAraNa hai usakI taha meM prema kI saMsthiti / yaha bandhana rakSA kA pratIka hai, jo nAma se bandhana hokara bhI mukti meM sahAyaka hai| isa bandhana se vAtsalya jharatA hai| darzana-pradarzana : bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jayantI para die gae isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki unakI upAsanA se upAsaka meM mahAvIra banane kI lalaka paidA hotI hai| usakA guNagAna isI lalaka kI abhivyakti hai / unakA darzana-pradarzana nahIM hai / darzana sva kA hotA hai, pradarzana dUsaroM ke lie dikhAvA hotA hai / unhoMne svayaM dikhAvA nahIM kiyA, svarUpa kI aparokSAnubhUti kii| unakA darzana nirAkulatA kA darzana hai| vyAmoha kI parAkASThA : "moha mahAmada piyo anAdi, bhUla Apako bharamata vaadi|" samasta duHkha kA mUla hai-moha, maiM aura merepana kA bhAva / moha ke vazIbhUta hokara saMsArI prANI zarIra aura para-padArthoM ko bhI apanA hI samajhane lagatA hai, mamatA kI DA~Ta meM vaha apane ko kasa letA hai| zarIra Adi ke dvArA sampAdita kriyAoM ke mUla meM apane (maiM) ko hI samajhatA hai / jisa ahaMtA-mamatA ke bandhana meM vaha apane ko bA~dhatA hai, maraNoparAnta vaha saba yahIM dharA raha jAtA hai / donoM eka-dUsare ko chor3a dete haiM, para yaha moha hai jo AjIvana jIva ko daboce rahatA hai aura svabhAva se cyuta kara detA hai, AtmA para bhArIpana lAda detA hai / mokSamArga para calane ke lie halakA honA apekSita hai| etadartha jAgarUka rahakara ahaMtA-mamatA kA tyAga hI zreyo vidhAyaka hai| Adarza sambandha : yaha Atma tattva pAnI kI taraha cAroM gatiyoM meM baha rahA hai / use niyantrita karanA aura UrdhvagAmI banAnA bar3A kaThina kArya hai| upayoga ke pravAha ko kaise bA~dhA jAya ? itane sUkSma pariNamana vAle parivartanazIla upayoga ko bA~dhanA sAdhanA ke binA asambhava hai| kArya vaha kaThina hotA hai jo parAzrita hotA hai| svAzrita kArya AsAnI se sadha jAtA hai, para etadartha apanI zakti ko jAgrata karanA par3atA hai -"nAyamAtmAbalahInena lbhyH|" pratyeka sambandha kA uddezya aisI zakti kA nirmANa karanA hai jo vizva ko prakAza de aura Adarza prastuta kara sake / bhArata 'bhA' meM 'rata' hai| vaha jo bandhana yA sambandha cunatA hai, usameM eka anuzAsana hotA hai| saba kucha bhUla jAnA, para apane Apa ko nahIM bhUlanA, isI ko kahate haiM dAmpatya bandhana / aba dampatI ho gae / apanI ananta icchAoM kA damana kara liyA, unako sImita kara liyA / vAsanA paricAlita nirniyantrita vyabhicArI sambandha anAdarza sambandha hai jo utthAna nahIM, patana kI ora le jAtA hai / gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha gRhasthAzrama ko bhI Adarza banAe, tadanantara vAnaprastha aura phira saMnyAsa dhAraNa kre| AtmAnuzAsana : kabIra ne apanA anubhava sunAyA ki cakkI ke do pAToM kI taraha saMsAra kI cakkI calatI rahatI hai,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 515 jo isameM par3A ki pisA / para unake lar3ake kamAla ne kamAla kI bAta khii| usane batAyA ki kendra ko pakar3e rahane vAle kA cakkI kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a sktii| kahane kA Azaya yaha ki raho saMsAra meM, para dharma jaise kendra se jur3e raho, taba tumhArA kucha bhI bigar3ane vAlA nahIM / kartRtva meM svAtantrya hai aura buddhi meM viveka, to yAtrA gantavya ko le jaaygii| AtmAnuzAsana viveka kA hI nAmAntara hai / tyAjya-grAhya, heya-upAdeya kA viveka yA bheda samajha kara calanA hI AtmAnuzAsana hai / samyagdRSTi sAdhaka kI jo bAhya tapa se nirjarA hotI hai, vaha usake AtmAnuzAsana kA hI pariNAma hai| jJAna aura anubhUti : zrutajJAna AvaraNa meM se jhA~katA huA prakAza hai / yadyapi vaha AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM hai, para AtmasvabhAva pAne kA mAdhyama avazya hai / use mAtra zrotrendriya kA nahIM, mana kA viSaya banAnA cAhie, mana lagAkara hRdayaMgama karanA cAhie / zabda bhItarI jJAna taka le jAne kA mAdhyama hai / isa jJAna kA prayojana dhyAna hai aura dhyAna kA prayojana jJAna hai, ananta sukha aura zAnti hai, AtmAnubhUti hai| samIcIna sAdhanA : prANimAtra sukha cAhatA hai para aisA sukha jo niratizaya aura avinazvara ho / yaha apane ko hI pAne kI abhIpsA hai, para etadartha sAdhanA bhI samIcIna honA caahie| sabhI bAhya sAdhana mila jAne para bhI antaraMga sAdhanA anivArya hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA : "yaha sukha kI paribhASA, nA rahe mana meM aashaa| IdRza ho prati bhASA, parita: pUrNa prakAzA // " aisI hI samIcIna sAdhanA karake mahAvIra 'mahAvIra' ho ge| "vyaktitva kI sattA miTA deM, use mahAsattA meM milA deN| Ara-pAra tadAkAra, sattA mAtra nirAkAra // " "dayA dharma kA mUla hai, pApa mUla abhimAna / tulasI dayA na chA~Die, jaba lauM ghaTa meM prAna // " mAnavatA paraduHkha-kAtaratA kA dUsarA nAma hai| 'sva' aura 'svIya' ke duHkha se to mAnavetara bhI duHkhI ho letA hai, para inase bhinna ke duHkha se bhI du:khI hone kI vizeSatA manuSya meM hI hotI hai / yahI vizeSatA mAnavetara se mAnava ko pRthak aura viziSTa banAtI hai / isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa vaha dUsaroM ke du:kha ko dUra kara mAnavatA ko caritArtha karatA hai aura mAnava hone ko pramANita karatA hai| pravacana parva (1985) isa saMgraha meM jaina tIrthakSetra ahArajI, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza meM hue pravacana saMkalita haiM - parva : pUrva bhUmikA, kSamA dharma, mArdava dharma, Arjava dharma, zauca dharma, satya dharma, saMyama dharma, tapa dharma, tyAga dharma, AkiJcanya dharma, brahmacarya dharma, pAribhASika zabdakoza / ye pravacana paryuSaNa parva para sampanna hue haiM jo mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ke pariSkAra yA udAttIkaraNa kA parva hai / adharmAcaraNa se utpanna hone vAle tanAva se mukti dilAnA hI isakA uddezya hai / prativarSa paryuSaNa parva para dasa dharmoM kA cintana-manana calatA hai, jo AtmA kI khurAka hai / isa khaNDa meM inhIM dasa dharmoM kA nirUpaNa hai, jinake cintana se Atmahita meM pravRtti hotI hai| mAnavatA:
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________________ 516 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA parva : pUrva bhUmikA : dazalakSaNa parva bar3A mahattvapUrNa parva hai / kAraNa, dasa dina taka vibhinna prakAra se dharma kA AcaraNa karake hameM apanI AtmA ke vikAsa kA avasara milatA hai| smaraNIya yaha hai ki viSayoM kA vimocana kie binA dharma- sevana anAsvAdita hI raha jaaygaa| uttama kSamA : krodhotpatti ke nimitta prakAma kAraNa hone para bhI krodha kA na honA kSamA hai / vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahate haiM / dasa dharma to haiM hI, ratnatraya bhI dharma hai aura jIvoM kI rakSA bhI dharma hai| sabhI tattva vastu haiM, ata: saba kA svabhAva dharma hai / kSamA hamArA svAbhAvika dharma hai / krodha to vibhAva hai| usa vibhAva-bhAva se bacane ke lie svabhAvabhAva kI ora ruci jAgrata karanA caahie| uttama mArdava : jo manasvI puruSa kula, rUpa, jAti, buddhi, tapa, zAstra aura zIla Adi ke viSaya meM thor3A sA bhI ghamaNDa nahIM karatA, usameM mArdava dharma hotA hai / kSamA kI taraha mArdava bhI hamArA svabhAva hai| isameM jo uttama vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai usake pIche yaha bhAva hai ki usa dharma ke pAlana ke pIche koI dikhAvA nahIM hai| mArdava kA virodhI kaThoratA hai / aura yaha manogata bhAva hai jo AcaraNa se TapakatA hai / ata: mana ko sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| manogata kaSAya kA nivAraNa Avazyaka hai| uttama Arjava : jo manasvI puruSa kuTila bhAva yA mAyAcArI pariNAmoM ko chor3akara zuddha hRdaya se cAritra kA pAlana karatA hai, usake niyama se tIsarA Arjava nAma kA dharma hotA hai| yogoM kI vakratA kA na honA hI Arjava hai| mana, vacana aura kAya- ina tInoM kI kriyAoM meM vakratA nahIM hone kA nAma Arjava hai / Rju kA bhAva hai - RjutA, aura RjutA hai -sIdhApana / mRdutA ke abhAva meM RjutA nahIM aatii| uttama zauca : jo parama muni icchAoM ko rokakara aura vairAgya rUpa vicAroM se yukta hokara AcaraNa karatA hai, usako hI zauca dharma hotA hai| zarIra to svabhAva se hI apavitra hai| usameM yadi pavitratA AtI hai, to ratnatraya se / ratnatraya hI pavitra hai / vastuta: pavitratA zarIrAzrita nahIM hai, lekina yadi AtmA zarIra ke sAtha rahakara bhI dharma ko aMgIkAra kara letI hai to zarIra bhI pavitra mAnA jAne lagatA hai| uttama satya : jo muni dUsaroM ko kleza pahu~cAne vAle vacanoM ko chor3akara apane aura dUsare ke hita ke lie hita karane vAle vacana kahatA hai, usako cauthA satya dharma hotA hai| kyA satya hai aura kyA asatya hai - yaha jAnane kI kalA tabhI A sakatI hai jaba moha kA upazama ho aura mAdhyastha bhAva A jAya / jaba taka hameM apane meM satya ko parakhane kI kSamatA nahIM AtI taba taka satya kA darzana nahIM hotaa| yaha kSamatA dRSTi meM samyaktva ke Ane se AtI hai| jo satya ko jAna letA hai vaha svayam bhI lAbhAnvita hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI usake mAdhyama se satya kA darzana hone lagatA hai| uttama saMyama : vrata evaM samitiyoM kA pAlana, mana-vacana-zarIra kI pravRtti kA tyAga, indriyajaya-yaha saba jisako hote haiM, usI ko niyama se saMyama dharma hotA hai| jaise latA kI Urdhvagati aura samRddhi ke lie kisI sahAre kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra darzana aura jJAna ko apanI caramasImA arthAt mokSa taka pahu~cAne vAlA saMyama hI Alambana aura bandhana hai| jaise latA ko apanI samRddhi ke lie sahArA ke sAtha khAda-pAnI kI z2arUrata hotI hai usI prakAra mumukSu ko saMyama ke sAtha zuddhabhAva rakhanA bhI anivArya hai| saMyama se hI AtmAnubhUti hotI hai| uttama tapa : pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM ko tathA cAroM kaSAyoM ko rokakara zubha dhyAna kI prApti ke lie jo apanI AtmA kA vicAra karatA hai, usako niyama se tapa dharma hotA hai / tapazcaraNa ke binA bhavanavAsI, vanavAsI yA saMnyAsI meM paripakvatA nahIM aatii| ratnatraya se yukta hokara tapa ke dvArA hI sAkSAt mukti hotI hai / tapa dvividha haiMantaraMga aura bAhya / bAhya tapa sAdhana hai aura antaraMga tapa kI prApti meM sahakArI hai / tapa bhI tabhI taka tapa hai jaba zarIra
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA : : 517 svastha ho aura indriyA~ bhI sampanna hoM / vRddhAvasthA meM tapa nahIM hotA / ratnatraya ke sAtha bAhya aura antaraMga - donoM prakAra ke tapoM kA Alambana lekara sAdhanA karane vAlA hI mukti pA sakatA hai| uttama tyAga : jinendra bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki jo jIva sAre paradravyoM ke moha ko chor3akara saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM se udAsIna pariNAma rakhatA hai, usako tyAga dharma hotA hai| dAna aura tyAga bhinna haiN| rAga-dveSa se apane ko chur3Ane kA nAma tyAga hai / vastuoM ke prati rAga-dveSa ke abhAva tyAga kahA gayA hai| dAna para ke nimitta ko lekara kiyA jAtA hai kintu tyAga meM para kI koI apekSA nahIM hotI / tyAga sva ko nimitta banAkara kiyA jAtA hai| uttama AkiJcanya : jo muni saba prakAra ke parigrahoM se rahita hokara aura sukha-du:kha ko dene vAle karmajanita nija bhAvoM ko rokakara nirdvandvatA se arthAt nizcintatA se AcaraNa karatA hai, usako hI AkiJcanya dharma hotA hai / sabhI ke prati rAgabhAva se mukta hokara apane vItarAga svarUpa kA cintana karanA hI AkiJcanya dharma kI upalabdhi hai / uttama brahmacarya : jo puNyAtmA striyoM ke sundara aMgoM ke dikha jAne para bhI unake prati rAga rUpa kutsita pariNAma karanA chor3a detA hai, vahI durdhara brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karatA hai / upayoga ko vikAroM se bacAkara, rAga se bacAkara vItarAgatA meM lagAnA caahie| yahI brahmacarya dharma hai| vItarAga ke pAsa vaha zakti hai jisake samakSa vAsanA ghuTane Teka detI hai / isa khaNDa meM eka atyanta upAdeya bhAga hai - pAribhASika zabdakoza / AcAryazrI ke pravacanoM meM prayukta ina pAribhASika zabdoM ke prayoga se pravacanAnuzIlana meM Ane vAlA avarodha samApta ho jAtA hai / pAThakoM ke lie yaha eka atyanta suvidhA aura sahakAra hai| isakA lAbha mujhe bhI milatA rahA hai| yaha zabdakoza akArAdi krama se atyanta vyavasthita aura subodha rUpa se rakhA gayA hai| pAvana pravacana isa upakhaNDa meM tIna pravacana saMkalita haiM- dharma : Atma-utthAna kA vijJAna, antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA parama puruSa - bhagavAn hanumAna / dharma : Atma-utthAna kA vijJAna (13 pharavarI, 1983, madhuvana - sammedazikhara, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa ) pavitra saMskAroM ke dvArA hI patita se pAvana banA jA sakatA hai / jo vyakti pApoM se apanI AtmA ko chur3Akara kevala vizuddha bhAvoM ke dvArA apanI AtmA ko saMskArita karatA hai, vahI saMsAra se Upara uThakara mokSa sukha pA sakatA hai| dharma isI AtmotthAna kA vijJAna hai / jaina dharma prANimAtra ke lie patita se pAvana banane kA mArga batAtA hai / dharma ke mAdhyama se karmarUpI bIja ko jalA diyA jAya to saMsAravRkSa kI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai| yaha kArya ratnatraya ke mAdhyama se sambhava hai| antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra (3 apraila, 1985, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza ) I bhagavAn mahAvIra apane nAmAnurUpa mahAvIra bhI the aura varddhamAna bhI the / ve apanI antarAtmA meM nirantara pragatizIla the, varddhamAna cAritra ke dhArI the| pIche mur3akara dekhanA yA nIce giranA unakA svabhAva nahIM thA / ve pratikSaNa varddhamAna aura unakA pratikSaNa vartamAna thA / apane vikAroM para vijaya pAne vAle, apane AtmasvarUpa ko prApta karane vAle ve sahI mAne meM mahAvIra the / parama puruSa- bhagavAn hanumAna (7 apraila, 1985, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza ) hanumAnajI aMjanA aura pavanaMjaya ke putra the, isalie pavanaputra kahalAte the / unakA zarIra vajra ke samAna sudRr3ha
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________________ 518 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA aura zaktisampanna thA / isIlie unheM kahIM-kahIM bajaraMgabalI bhI kahA jAtA hai| pracalita vAnara rUpa unakA vAstavika rUpa nahIM hai / ve to sarvaguNa sampanna aura sundara zarIra ko dhAraNa karane vAle mokSagAmI parama puruSa the| pravacana prameya (1986, kesalI, sAgara, madhyapradeza) isa upakhaNDa meM dasa pravacana haiM / prasaMga paMca kalyANaka kA hai / isa prasaMga para pahale bhI pravacana ho cuke haiM para AcAryazrI ke pAsa kahane ko bahuta kucha hai / ve jaMgama zAstra aura mUrtimAn AcAra haiN| prathama pravacana : unhoMne batAyA ki prathama dina kA yaha Ayojana jina-patha para calane ke lie hai, rAga ke samarthana ke lie nahIM, vItarAgatA ke samarthana ke lie hai| jinavANI prathamAnayoga, karaNAnayoga, caraNAnayoga aura dravyAnayoga ke bheda se cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TI gaI hai| prathamAnuyoga bodhi aura samAdhi ko dene vAlA hai / caraNAnuyoga hameM calanA-phiranA sikhAtA hai / karaNAnuyoga meM bhaugolika sthitiyoM kA varNana hai / dravyAnuyoga meM heya evaM upAdeya kyA hai, isa para gambhIra cintana hai / isameM pUrA jaina darzana vivecita hai / sabhI tattvoM kA nirvacana hai / isa sandarbha meM Agama aura paramAgama do nAma Ate haiN| Agama meM bhI do bheda haiM- darzana aura siddhAnta / darzana meM jaina tattva kA aura siddhAnta meM jIva siddhAnta tathA karma siddhAnta kA vivecana hai| isa prakAra isameM jaina darzana aura siddhAnta kA gUr3ha marma samajhAyA gayA hai| dvitIya pravacana : isameM mokSamArga para puSkala prakAza vikIrNa kiyA gayA hai / mokSamArga dhyAna ke alAvA aura kucha nahIM / vaha bhI upabhoga kI ekAgra dazA kA nAma hai / ratnatraya to hai hii| tRtIya pravacana : isameM Ayukarma para mananIya sAmagrI hai / aSTavidha karmoM meM Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta kI nirjarA kI jAtI hai| karma ke sambandha meM isa pravacana meM paryApta manthana kiyA gayA hai| Ayukarma kI nirjarA para zIghratA nahIM honI caahie| vaha hamArA prANa hai / caturtha pravacana : isameM janma kalyANaka para vicAra karate hue AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki bhagavAn kA janma nahIM huA karatA, ve to janma para vijaya karane se banate haiN| janma unakA hotA hai jo bhagavAn banane vAle hote haiN| isI apekSA se janma-kalyANaka manAyA jAtA hai / jAnanA cAhie ki janma hai kyA ? aThAraha doSoM meM eka janma aura maraNa bhI ginA jAtA hai, para jisa maraNa ke bAda janma nahIM hotA vaha maraNa pUjya ho jAtA hai / vaise janma eka mahAdoSa hai para bhagavAn kI janma jayantI isalie manAI jAtI hai ki ve tIrthaMkara hone vAle haiN| paMcama pravacana : isameM janma kalyANaka ke bAda hone vAle dIkSA kalyANaka kA sandarbha vicArArtha AtA hai / isameM hama dekhate haiM ki kisa prakAra sAMsArika samasta sukha kA tyAga kara bhavana se vana kI ora prasthAna hotA hai| isa tyAga se darzaka zraddhAluoM meM bhI tyAga kI bhAvanA janma le sakatI hai| mArga do haiM- eka saMsAramArga aura dUsarA mokSamArga / isa dRzya se saMsAra mArga se haTakara mokSamArga kI ora jAne kI preraNA milatI hai / jo bhI mukti cAhatA ho use zrAmaNya svIkAra karanA hogA / zramaNa banane se pUrva kisa-kisa se pachanA hai-'pravacanasAra' meM isakA uttama varNana hai| sabase pahale mA~ ke pAsa jAtA hai aura kahatA hai: "ta merI mA~ nahIM hai, merI mA~ to zuddha caitanya AtmA hai| Apa to isa jar3amaya zarIra kI mA~ ho / isI prakAra pitA, patnI Adi se bhI vyavahAra kI dRSTi se pUchatA hai aura antataH zrAmaNya svIkAra kara letA hai / rAga se vairAgya aura vairAgya se antarmukhatA / yaha yAtrA parISaha aura upasargoM se guz2aratI hai| jo isa rAste AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha calatA hai use saMvara aura nirjarA bhI hotI hai / aise zrAmaNya ko puna: puna: namana / cauthe dina ke pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne kahA ki janmakalyANaka aura dIkSAkalyANaka ke bAda AtA hai tapakalyANaka / tapolIna ko jJAnopalabdhi hotI hai| munirAja ke pAsa kisI prakAra kI granthI/parigraha nahIM rahatA / kAraNa, zuddhopayoga hI unakI caryA hai / digambara caryA bar3I kaThina hai| yahI pravrajyA hai, yahI zrAmaNya hai, yahI jinatva hai, yahI caitya aura caityAlaya hai / matalaba yahI sarvasva hai| aSTama pravacana meM dharma-puruSArtha
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________________ :: 519 mUkamATI-mImAMsA ke phalasvarUpa prApta hone vAle munirAja ke kevalajJAnopalabdhi kI carcA hai / kevalI tattvataH to apane ko jAnatA hai, para vyavahArataH sva aura para donoM ko jAnatA hai| aise arhanta kI bhakti kI jAnI caahie| eka samaya thA jaba samyagdarzana ke sAtha donoM dharma huA karate the - muni dharma aura zrAvaka dharma / pahalA mukti meM sAkSAt kAraNa hotA thA aura dUsarA paramparayA / parantu Aja donoM hI dharma-paramparA se hI mukti ke lie kAraNa haiM / kAraNa, Aja sAkSAt kevalajJAna nahIM hotA / isalie AcAryazrI kA kahanA hai ki isa tathya ko sahI-sahI samajhakara apane mArga ko Age taka prazasta karane kA dhyAna rakhanA hai / navama pravacana meM AcAryazrI kA kahanA hai ki dravyakarma, bhAvakarma aura nokarma - ina tInoM karmoM se atIta hokara ke sacce arthoM meM usa AtmA kA janma to aba huA hai| siddha parameSThI kI sahI janma jayantI aba huI hai| nirvANa kalyANaka meM kucha aura hI Ananda hai / kala taka samavasaraNa kI racanA thI / taba ve arhanta parameSThI mAne jAte the / usa samaya taka kevalajJAna thA, para mukti nahIM thI / sattA milane kA AzvAsana aura bAta hai tathA sattA kA hastAntaraNa aura bAta hai / parameSThiyoM ke bhI kaI sopAna haiM- sAdhu parameSThI, upAdhyAya parameSThI, AcArya parameSThI, arahanta parameSThI, siddha parameSThI / arahanta rUpa tIrthaMkara bhI siddha parameSThI ko namana karate haiN| siddha sabake ArAdhya haiM - zeSa sabhI ArAdhaka haiM / arahanta parameSThI bhI bhagavAn nahIM haiM - unheM upacArata: bhagavAn kahA jAtA hai / sAdhu kI sAdhanA chaThe guNasthAna se caudahaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai / siddha parameSThI caudahaveM guNasthAna ko bhI pAra kara jAte haiM / inheM zAzvata siddhi prApta jAtI hai| phira bhI arahanta ko pahale isalie praNAma karate haiM ki ve hameM dikhate haiM aura upadeza dete haiM / dasaveM pravacana meM gajaratha mahotsava kI bAta kI gaI hai aura prasaMgata: dAna aura dhyAna ke vibhinna rUpoM kI bhI bAta kI gaI hai / dAna meM dhanadAna, zAstradAna, bhUdAna Adi ke bIca zAstradAna tattvata: upakaraNadAna hai| jahA~ taka dhyAna kA sambandha hai-eka hai apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna / AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna se isakI mahattA isalie adhika hai ki isameM sabake kalyANa kI bhAvanA hai| isa prakAra kI bahuta-sI bAteM karate hue antata: unhoMne jaina - ajaina sabase kahA hai ki ve loga dharma kI bhAvanA dina dUnI rAta caugunI karate raheM / pravacanikA (1993, sAgara, madhyapradeza) isa upakhaNDa meM kula chaha pravacana haiM- prArambha, zreSTha saMskAra, janma-maraNa se pare, samatva kI sAdhanA, dharmadezanA tathA niSThA se pratiSThA / prArambha : isa pravacana meM AcAryazrI ne kahA hai ki abhI dhvajArohaNa huA hai, aba paMcakalyANaka hoMge / atIta meM yaha ghaTanA kisa prakAra ghaTita huI hogI, isa para vicAra kI pratizruti bhI dI gaI hai aura isa vivaraNa ke mUla meM jAne kA uddezya yaha hai ki hama bhI moha kA tyAga kreN| para yaha saba sAdhana haiM aura sAdhya hama svayaM haiM / bharata cakravartI ko kAma - puruSArtha tathA artha- puruSArtha ne AkRSTa nahIM kiyA, parantu jaba sevaka se yaha sunA ki AdinAtha bhagavAn ko kevalajJAna prApta ho gayA hai to isa sUcanA para prasanna hokara tatkAla saparivAra bhagavAn AdinAtha ke samavasaraNa meM sammilita hone cale ge| hameM bhI isa ghaTanA se preraNA lenI cAhie aura saMsAra ke tamAma pralobhanoM se haTakara mokSa-puruSArtha kI ora pravRtta honA caahie| ina yA aise AyojanoM se hamArI dRSTi meM parivartana honA cAhie / dRSTi ke Upara hI hamAre bhAva nirbhara haiN| jaise-jaise dRSTi antarmukha hotI jAtI hai, bhAva bhI apane Apa zAnta hote jAte haiM / antataH unakA yahI anurodha rahA ki cakravartI kI bhA~ti bhAvanA hamAre, Apa sabake bhItara Ae / zreSTha saMskAra : isameM batAyA gayA hai ki upAdAna meM uttama sambhAvanA hai, para nimitta yA naisargika saMskAra se hI uttama sambhAvanA upalabdhi banatI hai| jala kI bU~da meM motI banane kI sambhAvanA hai, para eka to vaha svAti nakSatra kI ho, dUsare vaha samudra kI khule mu~ha vAlI sIpI meM hI par3e aura phira vaha mukha banda kara sAgara meM nIce calI jAya, tabhI motI rUpa meM
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________________ 520 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA pariNata hotI hai| isa taraha hara garbha meM tIrthaMkara motI banakara nahIM aate| usake lie Avazyaka hai ki mAtA-pitA kI nirmala bhAvanA ho| ve uttama saMskAra ddaaleN| aise putraratna kA zarIra zAnti ke paramANuoM se nirmita hotA hai| pratyeka kriyA saMskAra ke sAtha calatI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM saMskAra kA bar3A mahattva hai| saMskAra se hI antarhita divyatva kA unmeSa hotA hai| patA nahIM kauna se garbhastha ziza meM, kisa taraha kI UrdhvamukhI sambhAvanA antarhita ho, ata: use anyathA karane kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM hai / janma-maraNa se pare : isa pravacana meM kahA gayA hai ki santoM ke vacana ko gA~Tha meM bA~dha lenA caahie| ve bar3e kAma ke hote haiN| mokSamArga meM bhI unake vacana kAma meM Ate haiN| AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki mokSamArga meM cAra bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie- eka, janmata: yathAjAta nirvastra rUpa rakhanA; dUsare, AcArya ke vacanoM kA pAlana; tIsare, vinaya, namratA aura abhimAna kA abhAva tathA cauthe, zAstrAnuzIlana / putra-mRtyu ke kAraNa vikSipta vRddhA ke dRSTAnta se santa ne pratipAdita kiyA ki janma-maraNa avicchedya haiN| use koI TAla nahIM sakatA / vyavahAra meM bhI kahA jAtA hai ki sUryodaya hotA hai aura sUryAsta hotA hai / sUrya janma letA hai, yaha koI nahIM kahatA / pudgaloM ke bikhara jAne ko loga AtmA kA maraNa kaha dete haiN| kevalajJAna ke abhAva meM saMsArI janma-maraNa kI galata dhAraNA lekara bhaTakatA rahatA hai| yahI ajJAna hai / AtmA janma-maraNa se pare hai / yahI samajha isa janmakalyANaka kI upalabdhi hai| samatva kI sAdhanA : isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isa dIkSAkalyANaka samAroha kA aisA prabhAva par3a rahA hai ki mukuTa utara rahA hai, siMhAsana tyAgA jA rahA hai - kaisA vinaya aura vairAgya kA AcaraNa hai| zramaNa kI zobhA rAga se nahIM, virAga se hai / daigambarI dIkSA hI niSkalaMka patha hai / bhagavAn vRSabhanAtha svayam bhI anuzAsita the, samatA sampanna the aura apanI prajA ko bhI unhoMne anuzAsita rakhA thA / bharata cakravartI bhI unakI AjJA kA pAlana karate hue mukta hue| dharmadezanA : isameM AcAryazrI ne kahA ki kumAra neminAtha kisI anya saMkalpa se rathArUr3ha hokara jA rahe the, para baddha pazuoM kA karuNakrandana nimitta bana gyaa| ve ratha chor3akara utara par3e / aba saMkalpa meM parivartana A gayA aura rAstA badala gayA / aba saMsAra kA bandhana nahIM, jIvana kA lakSya bandhanamukta honA ho gayA, para hama haiM ki saba dekhate-sunate haiM kintu patha nahIM badalate / dayA ne hI patha parivartana karAyA / yadi dayA hai to jIvana dharmamaya hai / dayA dharma - ahiMsA dharma eka vRkSa kI taraha hai| zeSa satya, acaurya Adi cAra usI kI zAkhAe~ haiN| parigraha tattvata: mUrchA kA nAma hai / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne hameM yahI upadeza diyA hai ki pratyeka AtmA AtmakalyANa ke lie svatantra hai / hameM dayAvAn hokara paraspara upakAra kI bhAvanA se antas ko raMjita karanA caahie| niSThA se pratiSThA : isameM AcAryazrI ne sAgara, madhyapradeza meM sAnanda sampanna paMca kalyANaka evaM traya gajaratha mahotsava ke avasara para kahA ki aise kArya sabhI ke sahayoga se sampanna hote haiN| dharma ke prati AsthA jaba dhIredhIre niSThA kI ora bar3hatI hai, pragAr3ha hotI hai, tabhI pratiSThA ho pAtI hai aura jaba pratiSThA kI ora dRSTipAta nahIM karate hue Age bar3hate haiM to saMsthA bana jAtI hai| tabhI sArI vyavasthA ThIka ho pAtI hai| phira to prakRti bhI sahayoga dene lagatI hai| sAmUhika puNya ke mAdhyama se Aja bhI dharma ke aise mahAn Ayojana sAnanda sampanna ho rahe haiN| aise avasara para mahAn AtmAoM kA smaraNa karanA cAhie aura unheM apanA Adarza mAnakara apane jIvana kA kalyANa karanA caahie| bhakti-pATha 'samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara' ke cAra khaNDoM meM prakAzita racanAoM ke atirikta AcAryazrI vidyAsAgarajI ne sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM para kRpA kara utthAna zamanAnta paThanIya, mananIya evaM preraNAspada hone se smaraNIya, phalata: nitAnta upAdeya nau bhaktiyoM kA anuvAda hindI bhASA meM kara diyA hai| isase saMskRta bhASA se anabhijJa upAsaka jana bhI arthAvabodhapUrvaka apanI cetanA ko susnAta aura sikta kara skeNge| upAsaka inhIM ke pAThArambha se apanI dinacaryA
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 521 Arambha karate haiM aura isI se sampanna bhI / isase inakI mahattA spaSTa hai / ye nau bhaktiyA~ haiM- siddhabhakti, cAritrabhakti, yogibhakti, AcAryabhakti, nirvANabhakti, nandIzvarabhakti, caityabhakti, zAntibhakti tathA paJcamahAgurubhakti / zrutabhakti abhI pratIkSA sUcI meM hai| samAdhibhakti jijJAsA kA viSaya banI huI hai| pahalI bhakti hai-'siddhabhakti' / paMca parameSThiyoM (parame tiSThati iti parameSThI) meM cAra kakSAoM ke adhikArI manuSya haiM aura eka kakSA ke adhikArI haiM mukta aatmaaeN| ye hI mukta AtmAe~ 'siddha' kahI jAtI haiN| AThoM prakAra ke karmoM ke kSaya se jaba zarIra bhI nahIM rahatA to use (videha, mukta) siddha kahate haiM / ye Urdhvaloka meM lokAgra meM puruSAkAra chAyArUpa meM sthita rahate haiN| inakA puna: saMsAra meM Agamana nahIM hotaa| ye sacce parama deva haiN| saMsArI bhavyajIva vItarAga bhAva kI sAdhanA se isa avasthA ko prApta kara sakate haiN| ve jJAna zarIrI haiN| siddhabhakti meM inhIM ke guNa-gaNa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM pUrva meM kI gaI unakI sAdhanA aura usase upalabdha U~cAiyoM kA vivaraNa hai| dUsarI hai-caaritrbhkti| isameM ratnatraya meM parigaNita cAritra rUpa ratna kI mahimA gAI gaI hai aura usakI sugandha AcAra meM prasphuTita ho, yaha kAmanA vyakta kI gaI hai / darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI sammilita kAraNatA hai - mokSa ke prati / jaina zAstroM meM isake antargata atyanta sUkSma aura vargIkRta vivecana milatA hai / AcAryazrI ne bhI tamAma pAribhASika zabdoM kA sAMketika prayoga kiyA hai / udAharaNa ke lie kAyotsarga, guptiyA~, mahAvrata, IryA Adi samitiyA~, terahavidha cAritra, karma-nirjarA aadi| __tIsarI bhakti hai-yogibhakti / sanAtanI vidyA kI abhivyakti kI do dhArAe~ haiM-zabda aura prAtibha / abhivyakti kI dUsarI dhArA zramaNamArga kI dhArA hai / tapa evaM kheda ke arthavAlI divAdigaNa meM paThita zramu' dhAtu meM 'lyuT pratyaya hone para 'zramaNa' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| isakA artha hai - tapana yA tapa karanA / para dhArA vizeSa meM yaha yogarUr3ha' hai-yoM yaugika to hai hii| tapa hI isa dhArA kI pahacAna hai / yaha tattva na to usa mAtrA meM brAhmaNa dhArA meM hai aura na hI bauddha dhArA meM / yogibhakti meM AcAryazrI ne prabala tapovidhi kA vivaraNa diyA hai / kahA gayA hai : "bAhyAbhyantara dvAdazavidha tapa tapate haiM mada-mardaka haiN|" cauthI bhakti hai-aacaarybhkti| paMca parameSThI meM tRtIya sthAna AcArya kA hai / adhyAtmamArga ke pathika ko AcArya kI a~gulI, unakA hastAvalamba anivArya hai aura yaha unakI bhakti se hI sambhava hai / kahA gayA hai : "upAsyA guravo nityamapramattaiH shivaarthibhiH| tatpakSatAdya-pakSAntazcarAvighnoragottarAH // " sAgAra-dharmAmRta, 2/45 AcArya rUpa zrI sadguru svayaM darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya- ina pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM kA pAlana karatA hai aura anya sAdhuoM se bhI usakA pAlana karAtA hai, dIkSA detA hai, vratabhaMga yA sadoSa hone para prAyazcita karAtA hai / Asrava ke lie kAraNIbhUta sabhI sambhAvanAoM se apane ko bacAtA hai| isameM AcArya ke chattIsa guNa batAe gae haiN| pA~cavI bhakti hai - nirvANabhakti / AcAryazrI kA saMkalpa hai : "nirvANoM kI bhakti kA karake kAyotsarga / Alocana usakA karU~ le prabhu tava sNsrg||" 'mahAvIra' padavI se vibhUSita tIrthaMkara vardhamAna kA nirvANAnta paMcakalyANaka atyanta zobhana zabdoM se varNita hai| ina tIrthaMkara ke sAtha katipaya anya pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvANabhUmiyA~ unake cihnoM ke sAtha varNita haiN|
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________________ 522 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA chaThI bhakti hai - nandIzvarabhakti / yaha 16 jUna, 1991 ko siddhakSetra muktAgirijI, baitUla, madhyapradeza meM anUdita huI thI jabaki zeSa bhaktiyA~ gujarAta prAntavartI zrI vighnahara pArzvanAtha digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahuA, sUrata, gujarAta meM 22 sitambara, 1996 ko anUdita huI thIM / nandIzvara - yaha aSTama dvIpa hai, jo nandIzvara sAgara se ghirA huA hai / yaha sthAna itanA ramaNIya aura prabhAvI hai ki usakA varNana par3hakara svayaM AcAryazrI to prabhAvita hue hI haiM aura bhI kitane muniyoM tathA sAdhakoM ko bhI yahA~ se dizA milI hai| aise hI parama punIta sthAnoM meM sammedAcala, pAvApura kA bhI ullekhanIya sthAna hai | aise aneka jina bhavana haiM jo mokSasAdhya ke hetubhUta haiM / caturvidha deva taka saparivAra yahA~ ina jinAlayoM meM Ate haiM / AcAryazrI ina aura aise anya jinAlayoM ke prati sazraddha natazira haiM / sAtavIM bhakti - caityabhakti / AcAryazrI ne batAyA hai ki jinavara ke caitya praNamya haiN| ye kisI dvArA nirmita nahIM haiM apitu svayam bane haiN| inakI saMkhyA anagina hai / auroM ke sAtha AcAryazrI kI bhI kAmanA hai ki ve bhI una saba caityoM kA bharatakhaNDa meM rahakara bhI arcana - vandana - pUjana karate raheM, tAki vIra maraNa ho, jinapada kI prApti ho aura sAmane sanmatilAbha ho / AThavIM bhakti hai - zAntibhakti / isa bhakti meM du:kha - dagdha dharatI para jahA~ kaSAya kA bhAnu nirantara Aga ugala rahA ho, kise zAnti abhISTa na hogI ? tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha zItala chAyAyukta vaha vaTa vRkSa haiM jahA~ avizrAnta saMsArI ko vizrAnti milatI hai / isIlie AcArya zrI kahate haiM solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ko dRSTigata kara : "zAntinAtha ho vizvazAnti ho bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI bhrAnti haro / praNAma ye svIkAra karo lo kisI bhA~ti mujha kAnti bharo // " isa saMkalana kI antima bhakti hai - paMca mahAgurubhakti / isameM antataH paMca parameSThiyoM ke prati unake guNagaNoM aura apratima vaibhava kA smaraNa karate hue AcArya zrI kAmanA karate haiM : "kaSTa dUra ho, karmacUra ho, bodhilAbha ho, sadgati ho / vIramaraNa ho, jinapada mujhako mile sAmane sanmati o // "" ina vividhavidha bhaktiyoM ke atirikta Apake dvArA AcArya akalaMkadeva kRta 'svarUpa-sambodhana' (1996) grantha kA bhI sarasa anuvAda kiyA gayA hai, jo adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| isameM jinadarzana sammata sarvavidha cintana kA sAra A gayA hai - vizeSakara Atmacintana kA / hAikU (1996) : AcAryazrI ne kucha kSaNikAe~ bhI likhI haiM jo jApAnI 'hAikU' kI chAyA lie hue haiN| yaha vidhA laghukAya hokara gaharI vyaMjanA karatI hai| isakI mahattA isakI vyaMjanakSamatA ke atireka meM hai / yathA : " ghanI nizA meM / mAthA bhayabhIta ho / AsthA AsthA hai / " AsthA, AsthA hai, vaha DiganA nahIM jaantii| abhI taka AcAryazrI ke dvArA DhAI sau se adhika hAikU likhe jA cuke haiN| isa prakAra AcAryazrI kI nirjhariNI lokahitArtha nirantara sakriya hai / munirAja zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke prati namanAMjali / O
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________________ pariziSTa : dvitIya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja : vyaktitva, sRjana evaM zodha-sandarbha (ka) vyaktitva paricAyaka kRtiyA~ mi jaina sandeza (sAptAhika, 20 pharavarI, 1975), sampAdaka-paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, vArANasI, uttarapradeza kA pradhAna sampAdakIya Alekha- eka nae nakSatra kA udaya', prakAzaka-bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina saMgha, saMgha bhavana, caurAsI, mathurA-281 004, uttarapradeza, phona-(0565)2420711 / samAcAra patraka (mAsika, AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka, 30-9-1978), sampAdaka- pyArelAla jaina, zravaNa kumAra jaina Adi, saujanya sampAdaka -kalyANamala jhA~jharI, zrI digambara jaina yuvaka samiti-kolakAtA, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, pRsstth-30+60+40| tIrthaMkara (mAsika, disambara, 1978-AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka), sampAdaka-DaoN. nemIcanda jaina, 65-patrakAra kaoNlonI, kanAr3iyA mArga, indaura-452 018, madhyapradeza, mo.- 93006-01846 / vidyAsAgara (mAsika- 'pUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara dIkSA vizeSAMka', jUna-80, evaM 'vidyAsAgara kRtitva vizeSAMka', jUna-julAI, 1992)- pradhAnasampAdaka-nirmala Az2Ada, dvArA-AzISa jaina, vhI. ena. iNTara- prAijeja, 485-hanumAnatAla, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)2650948, 5013948, mo. 94251-52318 / mukti patha kA rAhI (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRttAnta para AdhArita nATaka), lekhikA-DaoN. vimalA jaina caudharI, vijaya hArDaveyara, lArDagaMja, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-jaina pustaka sadana,161/ 1, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathama AvRtti-1981, pRsstth-8+36| sAgara meM vidyAsAgara (sAgara meM prathama SaTkhaNDAgama vAcanA zivira 1980 ke prasaMga para) sampAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka-prabandhakAriNI kameTI, gaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, morAjI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1981, pRSTha-12+146 / vidyAsAgarASTakam, (IsarI, jhArakhaNDa-3 apraila, 1983), racayitA-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, pUrva nidezaka-zrI varNI digambara jaina gurukula, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, phona - (0761)2370991 / vidyAMjali - muni zrI guptisAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka -zrI digambara jaina kSetra kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1988, pRsstth-40| zrI 108 jJAnasAgarAcAryasya samAdhisAdhakaH zrI 108 AcArya: vidyAsAgaraH, racayitA-paM. jaganmohana lAla zAstrI, kaTanI, madhyapradeza, 'kundakunda vANI', mAsika-maI-1990, sampAdaka - 683, bhAladArapurA, jabalapura-482 002, mdhyprdesh| vidyA-stuti (vidyAsAgara cAlIsA, AcAryazrI dvArA dIkSita ziSyoM ke nAma se AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kA guNAnuvAda), racayitA-muni zrI uttamasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-sakala digambara jaina samAja, barelA, prAptisthAna-munIza jaina, adhyakSa-sanmati yuvA maNDala, bAjAra mohallA, barelA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prathamaAvRtti-1990, pRSTha-24 / 10.
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________________ 11. 524 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA divyadhvani (tribhASika mAsika--AcArya vidyAsAgara vizeSAMka, julAI-agasta, 1991), prakAzakazrImad rAjacandra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kendra, zrI satzruta sevA sAdhanA kendra, kobA-382 009, gAMdhInagara, gujarAta, phona-(079)23276219, 24831484, pRSTha-120 / vidyA-zataka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA kAvyamaya jIvana paricaya), racayitA-pro. zIlacanda jaina, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina golApUrva samAja, chindavAr3A, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1992, pRSTha-4+141 guru garimA zataka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zataka), racayitA-muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzakarAjendrakumAra jaina, mesarsa-dazarathalAla rAjendrakumAra jaina, satanA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRSTha-32 / vinaya-paMcakam (AcArya vidyAsAgara stavana, 3 janavarI, 1993) racayitA-DaoN. pannAlAla saahityaacaary| vidyA-vandanA (AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI para likhita aneka pUjana, AratI, bhajanarUpa bhaktiprasUna saMkalana), prakAzaka-vidyA sAhitya prakAzana samiti, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAnaDaoN. vIrendra jaina, 10-subhASa patha, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRSTha-8+176, mUlya- 20 rupe| zabda sumana mAlA (AcArya vidyAsAgara zataka), racayitA-zrIdhara zarmA, lakhanAdauna, sivanI, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-pro. sureza canda jaina, vANijya vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya,devarI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathamaAvRtti-1993, pRSTha - 48 / vidyASTaka (guru vandanA)- ('catuSTaya aSTaka maMjarI' ke antargata saMgrahIta), muni zrI svabhAvasAgarajI mahArAja,), prakAzaka-trilokacandra mahendrakumAra gadiyA, nayA bAjAra, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti1993, pRSTha-8 / amUrta zilpI : AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara (vyaktitva aura vicAra) - muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- gunA, madhyapradeza ke jaina yuvAoM kI vinamra prastuti, prathama saMskaraNa-1994, pRSTha-16 / vidyASTakam (svopajJa saMskRta va hindI TIkA evaM citra bandha, zabdakoza Adi sahita), racayitA-muni zrI niyamasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka - DaoN. prabhAkara nArAyaNa kavaThekara, pUrva kulapati - vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina, prakAzaka-pradIpa jaina, pradIpa kaTapIsa, azokanagara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1994, pRSTha -37+200, mUlya-100 rupa e / 20. kundakunda vANI (mAsika, AcArya vidyAsAgara dIkSA smRti divasa vizeSAMka, jUna-julAI, 1994) sampAdaka-kamalakumAra jaina bAkalIvAla, zrI kundakunda prakAzana, jaina bAr3A, daulatagaMja, gvAliyara, madhyapradeza, phona-(0751)2325026 / jyotirmaya nirgrantha (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva para upanyAsAtmaka prastuti), lekhaka evaM prakAzakamizrIlAla jaina eDavhokeTa, vidyAnidhi prakAzana, purAnA posTa oNphisa mArga, batAzA galI, gunA-473 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)255906, prathama AvRtti-1994, pRSTha-111, mUlya-30 rupae / yugapuruSa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara (vyaktitva evaM kartRtva paricaya), lekhaka-pro. zIlacanda jaina, hindI vibhAga, Deniyalasana kaoNleja, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka-zrImatI kusuma jaina, jhaNDA cabUtarA ke sAmane, mu.po.-ghuvArA 471 313, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1994, pRSTha-12 / 23. zramaNa paramparA ke Adarza santa : jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja (hindI evaM gujarAtI), lekhaka 19.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 525 26. 27. DaoN. bArelAla jaina, hindI saMskaraNa-prakAzaka-vimalakumAra jaina ajamerA, rUpa TreDarsa, 702-zAstrI nagara, dAdAbAr3I, koTA, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-12, gujarAtI anuvAda- prakAzaka-vIra vidyA saMgha, gujarAta, bI-2, sambhavanAtha apArTamenTsa, bakhAriyA kaoNlonI, usmAnapurA, ahamadAbAda-380 013, gujarAta, phona-(079)27550180, 1996 / vidyAsAgara gItagaMgA (AcArya vidyAsAgara ke vyaktitva para AdhArita gIta evaM kavitAe~), lekhaka-kavi sundara jaina, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina atizaya siddhakSetra kuNDalapura prabandhakAriNI samiti, kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1995, pRsstth-32| vidyA bhakti rasa (100 bhakti-gIta, bhajanoM kA sRjana-saMkalana), saMkalaka-bra. kiraNa jaina nirmohI, panAgara, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, sahayoga- bra. sunItA jaina, azokanagara, madhyapradeza, brAhmI vidyA Azrama, sAgara evaM jabalapura, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-zrI sUrata sattara jilA digambara jaina mitramaNDala, sUrata, gujarAta, prAptisthAnadilIpa bhAI gA~dhI, 200-AhurA nagara, bhulakA bhuvana skUla ke sAmane, aDAjana roDa, sUrata, gujarAta, pRSTha80, 1996 / vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara (jIvana vRtta), lekhaka-sureza sarala, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara-305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2730390,2730552, 5177300, prathama saMskaraNa- 1996, pRSTha-102+170, mUlya-50 rupae / Jain Acharya Shri Vidyasagarji Maharaj [An Ideal Saints in Sraman (Ascetic) Tradition) Author - Dr. Barelal Jain, Hindi Dept.- Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, M.P., Translator - Niranjan Jetalpuriya, 22-Chanchalbagh Society, Ranna park, Ghatlodiya, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, Publisher-K. S. Garments, 25-Khajuri Bazar, Indore-452 002, MadhyaPradesh, First Edition-1997, Page-16. vidyAsAgara kI lahareM (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva para vistRta paricayAtmaka vizleSaNa), prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, vidyAsAgara nagara, satyama gaisa ke sAmane, vijaya nagara, indaura-452 010, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1997, pRSTha-196, mUlya-25 rupe| vidyA vaibhava zataka, vidyA stuti zataka, vidyA maMjarI- ailaka zrI nirbhayasAgarajI mahArAja / prAptisthAna - mahAvIra mitra maNDala, zrI zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandira, 78-dhanalakSmI sosAyaTI, oDhava, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta, phona-(079)22872281, prathamAvRtti-1998 / 'kIrti stambha' evaM 'kAvyamaMjarI' (donoM kAvya saMgrahoM meM aneka kavitAe~ AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke prati samarpita)- ailaka zrI nizcayasAgarajI mahArAja, prathamAvRtti - 1999 / 'terI jIta-parAjaya merI', (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke 51 veM janma divasa ke prasaMga para 51 kAvyAtmaka bhAvanAnubhUtiyA~), racayitA-AcArya zrI puSpadantasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-prajJazrI saMgha, bhiNDa, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-pramoda kumAra jaina, pradhAna sampAdaka-puSpavArtA, sAbUjI kA bAr3A, dAla bAjAra, gvAliyara-474 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0751)2336763, 2232368, dvitIya saMskaraNa-2000, pRsstth-88| 32. ___ santoM ke santa - [guru guNagAna, vidyA upamA chattIsI, gurugaurava gItA (AcArya vidyAsAgara paccIsI), vidyAsindhu bhajana saMgraha, guru ke guNa apAra, vidyA vandanA zataka, guru ke 108 nAma Adi saMkalana], racayitA 28.
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________________ 526 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 33. muni zrI uttamasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-zrImatI pramilA santoSa baisAkhiyA, lAr3apurA, itavArI, nAgapura440 00, mahArASTra, phona-(0712) 2768623 (ni.), 2746139 (kA.), prathama AvRtti-2001, pRsstth-14+192| AtmazilpI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana-darzana (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA apratima vyaktitva, sAhitya, pravacanAMza, ArAdhanA evaM AtmazilpI ke jIvanta zilpa--dIkSita sAdhuoM kA jIvana paricaya), lekhaka-mizrIlAla jaina eDavhokeTa, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)255906, sampAdana evaM prakAzanabra. amRtazrI, ahiMsA ArmI mAnava kalyANa jIvadayA ceriTebala TrasTa, 5-e, jalataraMga sosAyaTI, zAhapura pula ke pAsa, ahamadAbAda-380 004, gujarAta, prathama saMskaraNa-2001, pRSTha-19+540, mUlya-100 rupe| akSayanidhi kA anveSaka (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana para AdhArita citrakathA), lekhaka-DaoN. mUlacanda jaina, sampAdaka-sanamata kumAra jaina, prakAzaka-zAnti jJAnodaya zodha saMsthAna, bar3A bAjAra, pannA, madhyapradeza, phona - (07732) 252655, 2001, pRsstth-32|| nirmala raco umaMga (choTe bAbA AcArya vidyAsAgarajI se kuNDalapura ke bar3e bAbA taka anahadanAda-12 kAvyoM kA saMkalana), racayitA-nirmala jaina iTauriyA, prAptisthAna-bhAgacanda girIzakumAra iTauriyA, sTezana roDa, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812)222420, prathama AvRtti-2001, pRSTha-32 / yAdeM vidyAdhara kI ('vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara' pustaka ke AdhAra para citrAtmaka prastuti), citrakAra-suzrI AzA jaina, chindavAr3A, prakAzaka-rAjeza jaina devar3iyA, laoNrela zasa, 23-ziva vilAsa pailesa, rAjavAr3A, indaura-452 004, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2001, pRSTha-68, mUlya-15 rupe| vidyA guru vandanASTaka ('neka jIvana' pustaka ke caturtha sopAna 'stuti' ke antargata saMgrahIta), muni zrI ArjavasAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthAna-- ajita jaina, ema. AI. jI., 8/4, gItAMjali kAmpaleksa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2772945, prathama saMskaraNa-2004, pRSTha-50, mUlya-16 rupe| AtmAnveSI (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRtta kI sacitra prastuti evaM saMsmaraNa), lekhaka-muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-vidyA prakAzana mandira, 1681-dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002, prAptisthAna- rAja pramoda zAha, 2600-nAgoriyoM kA cauka, ghIvAloM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura 302 003, rAjasthAna,phona-(0141)2566098, 5069549, gyArahavA~ saMskaraNa-2004, mUlya-40 rupe| 39. . yugAvatAra AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja (kAvyamaya jIvana paricaya), racayitA-paM. prabhudayAla motIlAlajI paTairiyA 'dayAla', prakAzaka-paM. saMjIva kumAra paTairiyA, maharaunI, lalitapura, uttarapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2004, pR.-32, mUlya-20 rupe| athaka pathika (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI para kendrita 30 kavitAoM kA saMgraha), racayitA-DaoN. anila siMghaI 'nIra', prAptisthAna-DaoN. anila siMghaI, 72-gA~dhI cauka vArDa, paThA jaina mandira ke pAsa, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza,mo. 98260-71055 prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha-48, mUlya-20 rupe| mahAmuni gAthA (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke jIvana vRtta para AdhArita kAvya grantha), racanAkAra-DaoN. anila siMghaI 'nIra', prAptisthAna-DaoN. anila siMghaI, kesaravAnI paoNlI klInika, bhagavAna gaMja, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza,phona - (07582)247101, prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha-12+252, mUlya-101 rupe| 42. mahAzramaNa (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM jIvanadarzana para kendrita 106 jJAnodaya chanda tathA 16 dohe)-- munizrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka -- prakAza zodha saMsthAna, prakAza hAusa,4-dariyAgaMja,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 527 44. naI dillI-110 002, prathamAvRtti-2005 I., pRSTha- 58+53 citra / paramapUjya AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva viSayaka zodha sandarzikA, saMkalana-DaoN. zItalacanda jaina, prAcArya-zrI digambara jaina AcArya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAMgAnera, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prakAzaka-maitrI samUha, prAptisthAna -- 1/205, prophesarsa kaoNlonI,hariparvata, AgarA, uttarapradeza, phona- (0562) 2151127, mo. 098370-25087, prathamAvRtti- 2005, pRSTha- 54, mUlya-20 rupye| saMsmaraNa (AcArya vidyAsAgara mahArAja ke 53 preraka prasaMgoM kA saMkalana evaM kucha anya racanAe~), saMkalana evaM sampAdana - muni zrI kunthusAgarajI mahArAja, prApti sthAna - zrI digambara jaina mandira TrasTa kameTI, lakSmInArAyaNa vArDa, karelI, narasiMhapura, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-72, prathamAvRtti-2006 / In Quest of the self (The life story of Aacharya Shri Vidyasagar) By--Muni Kshamasagar, Translated by-- Kamalkant Jaswal (Retired Secretary, Department of Information Technology, Govt. of India), Publishedby--BhartiyaJnanpith,18-Institutional Area, LodiRoad, New Delhi110 003, First Edition-2006, Page -154, Price - Rs.100/-. AlhA- AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke tyAga para, racayitA-phUlacanda siMghaI, prakAzaka-siMghaI phUlacanda ratanacanda jaina sarApha, rAjendra phlora eNDa oNyala milsa, mu.po. bar3agA~va, kaTanI, madhyapradeza, pRsstth-14| vidyAsAgara paMcaviMzatikA, racayitA-navaratana pATanI kAlUvAlA, pATanI sadana, hAthI bhATA, ajamera, raajsthaan| 'AtmAnveSI' (muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI dvArA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke jIvana - vRtta para AdhArita 'AtmAnveSI' kRti kA marAThI anuvAda), anuvAdaka - zrI vhI.e. manorakara jaina, 'jJAna-vidyA', plATa naM. 59, naI gajAnana kaoNlonI, gArakher3A, auraMgAbAda-431 005,mahArASTra, phona - (0240) 2442795, mo. 99604 - 38115, samparka sUtra - digambara jaina sevA samiti, dvArA-gomaTeza ilekTraoNniksa, sarAphA roDa, khAdI bhaNDAra ke sAmane, auraMgAbAda-431 001, mahArASTra, aprakAzita / (ka) arcana ke sumana, (kha) praNAma, (ga) vidyA paMcaka- racayitA-ailaka zrI udArasAgarajI mahArAja / vidyAsAgara AlhA - haragovinda vizva, sAgara, madhyapradeza / vidyAsAgara AlhA - zailendra jar3iyA, sAgara, madhyapradeza / vidyASTakam (saMskRta)- racayitA-DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', 28-saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812)231135, mo. 94254-55338, prakAzaka- zrI bhAgacandra iToriyA sArvajanika nyAsa, sTezana roDa, damoha, mdhyprdesh| guru bhakti (guru vandanA-AcArya bhakti, AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja evaM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja kI pUjana, AratI), prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, satyama gaisa ke sAmane, e. bI. roDa, indaura-452 010, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-40, mUlya-5 rupe| vidyA thudi (muni zrI niyamasAgarajI mahArAja dvArA kevala ATha akSaroM ke AdhAra para ATha zlokoM sahita citrAlaMkAra yukta vidyASTakam' saMskRta stavana evaM ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja dvArA usake padyAnuvAda kA laghu prakAzana), prakAzaka-jaina samAja, gunA, madhyapradeza, pRsstth-32| jJAnadUta vidyAdhara ('vidyAdhara' se 'AcArya vidyAsAgara' banane kI 38 citramaya prastuti), sampAdikA 49. 50. 55.
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________________ 528 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA bra.piMkI dIdI, citrasajjA-navIna zarmA, prakAzaka-virendrakumAra evaM sunandA ajamerA, mo. 098291-90231, pRsstth-76| (kha) sandarbha grantha cAritracakravartI AcArya zrI zAntisAgara smRti grantha, sampAdaka-bAlacanda devacanda zahA, mantrI-zrI cAritracakravartI 108 AcArya zrI zAntisAgara jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA, phalaTaNa, mahArASTra, prathamAvRtti1973, pRSTha-176+360 / AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara cAturmAsa smArikA, sampAdaka-dharmacanda modI, prakAzaka-adhyakSa-digambara jaina munisaMgha vyavasthA samiti, byAvara-305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-1973, pRsstth-102|| paMcakalyANaka-gajaratha mahotsava smArikAe~, jabalapura-1993, nandIzvara jinAlaya nirmANa kameTI, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza evaM khajurAho-1981, zahapurA bhiTaunI-jabalapura-1985, goTegA~va-1989, sAgara-1993 bhii| mukti patha ke bIja (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke sAnnidhya meM samAdhimaraNa karane vAle sAdhakoM kA paricaya), prakAzaka-kalyANamala jhA~jharI, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathama AvRtti-1983, pRsstth-20| digambara jaina sAdhu paricaya, sampAdaka-brahmacArI dharmacandra zAstrI, prakAzaka-AcArya dharmazruta granthamAlA, godhA sadana, alasIsara hAusa, saMsAracandra roDa, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-20 akTUbara, 1985, pRSTha38+612, mUlya-31 rupe| bAlArjuna (aitihAsika upanyAsa), lekhaka-DaoN. gaNeza khare, prakAzaka-zabda bhAratI, 84- purAnA bairahanA, ilAhAbAda, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1987, pRSTha-212, mUlya-35 rupe| hindI sAhitya kA vastuparaka AlocanAtmaka itihAsa (do khaNDa), lekhaka-DaoN. rAmaprasAda mizra, 14sahayoga apArTameNTsa, po. bA. naM. 9117, mayUra vihAra-I, dillI-110091, phona-(011) 22751970, prakAzaka- lakSmI nArAyaNa zarmA, sat sAhitya bhaNDAra, 57-bI, pAkeTa-e, azoka vihAra, pheja-2, dillI110 052, prathama saMskaraNa-1988, mUlya-1100 rupae prati khaNDa / saMskRta zataka paramparA aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zataka (DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza se 1984 meM pIeca.DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhikA-DaoN. AzAlatA malaiyA, sAgara, prakAzakajayazrI oNyala milsa, gavalI pArA, durga, chattIsagar3ha, phona (0788) 2211704(ni.), 2210104, 2210304 (kA.), mo. 94252 -43412, prathama AvRtti-1989, pRSTha-30 + 472, mUlya-120 rupe| hindI sevI netA-dArzanika-yogI, lekhaka-DaoN. rAmaprasAda mizra, prakAzaka-bhAratIya grantha niketana, 2713kU~cA celAna, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002, prathama AvRtti-1992, pRSTha - 158, mUlya-50 rupe| parachAiyA~ mauna sAdhaka kI...(AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke rajata muni dIkSA varSa - 'saMyama varSa' ke prasaMga para AcAryazrI ke sambandha meM vidvat abhimata evaM 25 citroM kI prastuti), prakAzaka-subhASa ka. jaina, vidyAsAgara vicAra maMca, di thrI bradarsa (sAkSI proDakTsa), javAhara roDa, amarAvatI-444 601, mahArASTra, phona (0721)2578740, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRSTha-24 / 11. dezabandhu', dainika jabalapura, 4 julAI 1992, 'svadeza', dainika gvAliyara, 22 navambara 1996, 'navabhArata'
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 529 dainika nAgapura-24 jUna 1993, 'sandeza' gujarAtI dainika-sUrata-29 julAI 1996, 'lokamata samAcAra', dainika nAgapura-26 jUna 1993, dezabandhu'-rAyapura-14 janavarI 1984, navIna duniyA -dainika jabalapura navambara 1988 ko prakAzita viziSTa pariziSTa / 12. mahAmanISI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana evaM sAhityika avadAna (DI.liT. ke lie likhita zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. vimalakumAra jaina, dillI, prakAzaka-nirmala kumAra jaina evaM rAjendra kumAra jaina, jJAnodaya saMsthAna, 8/1127, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura-247 001, uttarapradeza, phona - (0132) 2742186, 2746815, 2658848, 2724423, prathama AvRtti-1996, pRSTha-20+676, mUlya-100 rupe| saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina manISiyoM kA yogadAna (DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, ma.pra. se pIeca. DI. hetu 1992 meM svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. narendra siMha rAjapUta, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona (0141)2731952, prathama saMskaraNa-1996, pRSTha-16+304, mUlya-50 rupe| 14. AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kAvya kalA (mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura, rAjasthAna se 1996 meM pIeca. DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhikA- DaoN. (zrImatI) mAyA jaina, sampAdaka-DaoN. ramezacandra jaina, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna tathA zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141)2730390, prathama saMskaraNa-1997, pRSTha-52+332, mUlya-50 rupe| 15. parachAiyA~-patha pradarzaka kI (AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke prati viziSTajanoM kI bhAvAbhivyakti evaM AcAryazrI ke citroM kI prastuti), saMkalaka-ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha, indaura, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1997 / mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI sAhityArAdhanA evaM zodha sandarzikA (mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara vAGmaya zodha yojanA), lekhaka - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, sarasvatI bhavana, seThajI ke nasiyA~, byAvara - 305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna, tRtIyAvRtti - 1997, pRSTha - 4+50, mUlya - 15 rupe| hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya-paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kRtitva kA anuzIlana (avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA se 1993 meM pIeca. DI. hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. bArelAla jaina, prakAzaka-kalyANamala jhA~jharI, zrI nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA- 700 007, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22748879, 22746049, prathama AvRtti-1998, pRSTha-22+254, mUlya-45 rupe| sadalagA ke santa (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kI divya jIvana-yAtrA kA 767 padyoM meM 1997 taka kA kAvyamaya varNana), racayitA-kavi lAlacandra jaina rAkeza', prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina munisaMgha cAturmAsa sevA samiti, bhagavAn mahAvIra vihAra, gaMjabAsaudA-464 221, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa- 1998, pRSTha 32+204+pAribhASika zabdAvalI - 34, mUlya-50 rupe| 19. vidyAsAgara kI cetana kRti (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA dIkSita ziSyoM kA sacitra paricaya), prakAzaka - siMghaI jayakumAra jaina, siMghaI prinTarsa, sadara bAjAra, maNDalA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-zrI padmAvatI oNphaseTa
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________________ 20. 530 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA evaM paikejiMga iNDasTrIja, aNDarabrija roDa, madanamahala thAne ke pAsa, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1998, pRSTha-212, mUlya-311 rupe| bhakti prasUna (kavitA saMgraha), racayitA-aruNa kumAra jaina, variSTha iMjIniyara-relve, sI-12/epha, candrazekharapura relve kaoNlonI, bhuvanezvara-751 023, ur3IsA, prakAzaka-divAkIrti zikSA evaM kalyANa samiti, lalitapura284 403, uttarapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1998 , mUlya-21 rupae / paramapUjya santaziromaNi AcArya zrI 108 vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha paricaya evaM AhAradAna vidhi, saMkalana-rameza ToMgyA Adi, prakAzaka-sugana grAphiksa, siTI plAjA, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, indaura 452001, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1999, pRSTha-64, mUlya-15 rupe| 22. mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI parizIlana (muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke sasaMgha sAnnidhya meM sIkara, rAjasthAna meM 1998 meM sampanna akhila bhAratIya vidvat saMgoSThI - SaSTha, 27 se 30 sitambara, 1998 taka Ayojita saMgoSThI meM paThita AlekhoM meM se 69 AlekhoM kA saMkalana), sampAdaka-DaoN. ramezacandra jaina evaM sAthIgaNa, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona(0141) 2730390, prathama AvRtti-1999, pRSTha-694, mUlya-150 rupe| prANimAtra ke lie kAvyapatra (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke vyaktitva, kartRtva evaM unake 'mAMsa niryAta nirodha abhiyAna' ko kendrita kara kAvyamaya patra Alekhana), lekhaka - DaoN. zarada kumAra mizra, sahAyaka prAdhyApakahindI vibhAga, paM. zambhUnAtha zukla zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, zahaDola - 484 001, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka- jJAnodaya vidyApITha, vidyAsAgara insTITayUTa oNpha mainejameNTa, ballabhanagara, bI. eca. I. ela., bhopAla - 462 021, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1999, pRSTha-68, mUlya-15 rupe| 24. vIra nikalaMka (mAsika, smArikA-indaura cAturmAsa-1999 kI ) sampAdaka-rameza jaina kAsalIvAla, 24/ 5, pArasI mohallA, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2309695, 2000, pRSTha-225, mUlya-100 rupe| jaina darzana aura muni vidyAsAgara (DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza se pIeca.DI. hetu 1993 meM svIkRta evaM nAma parivartana kara prakAzita zodha prabandha), lekhikA-DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa jaina, prakAzaka-Aditya pablizarsa, jogezvarI mAtA kAmpleksa, pAThaka vArDa,bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona-(07580)220644 (ni.), 221372 (kA.) , prathamAvRtti-2001, pRSTha-14+378, mUlya- 450 rupe| sallekhanA : samatva kI sAdhanA (paM. darabArI lAla jaina koThiyA ke sallekhanApUrvaka samAdhimaraNa ke prasaMga para AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke dvArA pradatta udbodhanoM kA saMkalana evaM anya sAmagrI), saMkalana-muni zrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka-sureza jaina (AI. e. esa.), prakAzaka-svargIyA zrImatI lakSmIbAI pAramArthika phaNDa, bInA iTAvA- 470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAna-vibhava kumAra jaina koThiyA, bInA iTAvA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-2002, pRsstth-104| jinabhASita (mAsika, julAI-2002 evaM julAI-2003), sampAdaka-prophesara DaoN. ratanacandra jaina, e-2, 'mAnasarovara', zAhapurA, bhopAla-462 039, madhyapradeza, phon-(0755)2424666| 28. navabhArata (dainika, 17-11-2002 evaM 22-11-2002), sampAdaka-3, indirA presa kAmpleksa, rAmagopAla
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 531 30. mAhezvarI mArga, ema. pI. nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza / inDiyA TuDe (sAptAhika, hindI-27 navambara, 2002, aMgrejI-25-11-2002), sampAdaka-liviMga mIDiyA iNDiyA limiTeDa, epha-14/15, kanaoNTa plesa, naI dillI-110001, phona-(011)23315801 se 804 mAnatuMga puSpa (sAptAhika, 25 se 31 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka-subhASacandra gaMgavAla, 174-ema. TI. klAtha mArkeTa, dUsarA mAlA, indaura-452 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2459130 (du.), 2469735(ni.)| jaina mitra (sAptAhika-14 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka-zaileSa DAhyAbhAI kApaDiyA, jaina vijaya priMTiMga presa, khapATiyA cakalA, gA~dhI cauka, sUrata-395 003, gujarAta, phona-(0261)2427621, mo. 9374724727 / navabhArata (dainika, 28 akTUbara, 2004), sampAdaka-purAne basa sTeNDa ke pAsa, nepiyara TAUna, jabalapura482 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)5005111 / zrI jinendra varNI smaraNAMjali, sampAdaka-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina evaM anya, prakAzaka-bra. arahanta kumAra jaina, zrI jinendra varNI granthamAlA, 58/4, jaina sTrITa, pAnIpata-132 103, hariyANA, phona-(0180) 2638655, mo. 94162-21237, dvitIya saMskaraNa-2004, pRSTha-12+190, mUlya-80 rupe| amRta vANI (santoM kI vANiyoM kA saMkalana) - saMkalana evaM sampAdana-parAgapuSpa, prakAzaka-DAyanemika pablikezansa (i.) li., dvArA-Ara. ke. rastogI, kRSNa prakAzana mIDiyA (prA.) li., 11-zivAjI roDa, meraTha- 250001, uttarapradeza, mUlya-50 rupe| vandanA ke svaroM meM, racayitA-ailaka zrI samyaktvasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-zrIpAla jaina 'divA', zAkAhAra sadana, ela-75, kesara kuMja, harSavardhana nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza / 34. (ga) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita pramukha racanAe~ muni vidyAsAgarajI ne muni-dIkSA grahaNa karane se pahale hI brahmacArI vidyAdhara kI avasthA meM AcArya zrI mANikyanandI kRta sUtragrantha 'parIkSAmukha' para AcArya zrI anantavIrya laghu dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM racita nyAyaviSayaka TIkAgrantha 'prameyaratnamAlA' kI paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI dvArA sampAdita-anuvAdita 'cintAmaNi' nAmaka hindI vyAkhyA/kArikAoM ko 24 apraila 1968 se likhanA prArambha kara diyA thA / nasIrAbAda, ajamera, rAjasthAna se prArambha huA yaha lekhana kArya kramaza: mora, maNDA, dAdiyA Adi grAmoM meM 2 sitambara 1968 ko dvitIya samuddezya ke gyArahaveM sUtra taka upalabdha huaa| AptaparIkSA kA kannar3a anuvAda - AcArya zrI vidyAnanda svAmI kRta nyAyaviSayaka grantha 'Apta-parIkSA' kA unhIM kI svopajJa saMskRta vRtti sahita kA kannar3a anuvAda munirAja zrI vidyAsAgarajI ne ajamera se kizanagar3harainavAla, jayapura, rAjasthAna kI ora vihAra kAla ke daurAna grAma phulerA meM 28 apraila 1970 se pUrva hI prArambha kiyA / yaha adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| paMcAstikAya (saMskRta), AcArya zrI kundakunda deva viracita 'paMcAstikAya' granthagata 181 prAkRta gAthAoM kA madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna meM 1971 meM saMskRta bhASA meM anuvAda 'vasantatilakA' chanda meN| apUrNa upalabdha evaM aprakAzita /
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________________ 532 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 4. jambU svAmI caritra-AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja ke samAdhimaraNoparAnta hindI meM antima anubaddha kevalI zrI jambUsvAmI kA jIvana caritra Alekhana prArambha / kintu Adhe likhe jAne ke uparAnta prati guma jAne se apUrNa evaM apraapy| aMgrejI racanAe~ - ajamera, rAjasthAna meM likhita aMgrejI kavitAe~--My Self (mudrita), My Saint, My Ego-(anupalabdha) paMcAstikAya (hindI padyAnuvAda) - prAkRta paMcAstikAya' grantha kA hindI vasantatilakA' chanda meM padyAnuvAda kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza se madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, ajamera, rAjasthAna ke lie 28-04-1978 ko vihAra kAla ke daurAna anuvAda prArambha / adyAvadhi anupalabdha evaM aprakAzita / vijjANuvekkhA (prAkRta), 1979 ke thUbauna, gunA, madhyapradeza ke varSAyoga kAla meM sRjita prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha 'vidyAnuprekSA' kI 8 gAthAe~ hI upalabdha ho pAI haiN| bhAvanAzatakam (tIrthaMkara aise bane), [DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza ke ema. e.saMskRta ke pAThyakrama meM svIkRta racanA] racayitA-AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja, saMskRta TIkAkAra-paM. DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka-mantrI, nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, prAptisthAna-jaina sUcanA kendra, 10-e, citapura spara, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, prathamAvRtti-1979, pRSTha-12+68, mUlya-3 rupe| gomaTesa-thudi ('gomaTeza aSTaka' kA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta padyAnuvAda evaM DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu' dvArA 'gomaTesa thudi' kI saMskRta chAyA, hindI artha evaM prastAvanA Adi, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza ke ema. e. - saMskRta pAThyakrama meM svIkRta kRti) prakAzaka - zrI bhAgacandra iToriyA sArvajanika nyAsa, sTezana roDa, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, dvitIya saMskaraNa-1982, pRSTha-12, mUlya-1.50 rupe| 10. jinendra stuti-AcArya pAtrakesarI ke pAtrakesarI-stotram saMskRta grantha kA padyAnuvAda 50 hindI 'jJAnodaya' chandoM meM do dohoM sahita siddhakSetra nainAgirijI, chatarapura, madhyapradeza meM 24 julAI 1982 ko pUrNa / aprakAzita / jJAna kA vidyA-sAgara (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita 12 granthoM ke padyAnuvAdoM kA saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrImatI ramA jaina, dharmapatnI lAlA nemacanda jaina, purAnAgaMja, sikandarAbAda, bulandazahara, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1983, pRSTha -384 / baMgalA kavitAe~ - IsarI, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa ke pravAsakAla meM san 1983 meM likhita 3 baMgalA kvitaaeN| dohA dohana - vibhinna granthoM ke padyAnuvAdoM ke sAtha atirikta likhita 137 dohoM kA 1984 meM prakAzita saMgraha kA rajakaNa prakAzana, Ananda laoNja, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza se 1986 meM prakAzita dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha-26, mUlya-2 rupe| vidyA vANI (khuraI meM 1985 meM pradatta pravacana evaM anya pravacana saMgraha), saMkalaka- vinodakumAra jaina, patrakAra sAhitya saciva evaM koSAdhyakSa-zrI vIra sevA dala, maMgala dhAma, khuraI, sAgara, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRSTha-42, mUlya-5 rupe| 15. caraNa AcaraNa kI ora (IsarI, jhArakhaNDa meM pradatta udbodhana), prakAzaka- zramaNa bhAratI, mainapurI, prAptisthAna - DaoN. suzIla kumAra jaina, jaina klInika, siTI posTa Aphisa ke sAmane, mainapurI-205 001, uttarapradeza,
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 533 21. 22. phona-(05672) 234302, mo. 98371-10220, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRSTha-18 / terA so eka (13 pravacana saMgraha), rajakaNa prakAzana, Ananda laoNja, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1986, pRSTha-4 +72 / akiMcitkara (Asava-bandha ke kSetra meM mithyAtva ke akiMcitkara viSayaka 16 va 26 jUna eva 6 agasta, '86 ko pradatta saiddhAntika pravacana), prakAzaka- jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti- 22 navambara, 1987, pRSTha-16+74, mUlya-4 rupe| kundakunda kA kundana (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke padyAnuvAdoM meM se cayanita pada saMgraha), saMkalana-DaoN. jinendrakumAra jaina, prakAzaka- AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1988, pRSTha-68, mUlya-3 rupe| cetanA ke gaharAva meM (sacitra pratinidhi kAvya saMgraha), [DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI' kAvya saMgraha se 20, 'totA kyoM rotA ?' kAvya saMgraha se 36 evaM nUtana/anya 21 kavitAoM sahita 5 khaNDoM meM prakAzita prakAzaka-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza se prakAzita rAja saMskaraNa1988, pRSTha-6+92, mUlya-60 rupe| kannar3a kavitAe~ - pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza meM dvitIya cAturmAsa 1988 ke daurAna kannar3a meM likhita 4 kvitaaeN| satya kI chA~va meM - jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1988, pRSTha - 32, mUlya-2 rupe| digambara jaina atizaya kSetra antarikSa pArzvanAthajI, zirapura, vAzima, mahArASTra ke sambandha meM AcArya zrI madanakIrti kRta 'zAsana-catustriMzikA' ke padya kA anuvAda, 1990 / samAgama (pravacana saMgraha), sampAdaka-munizrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141) 2730390, prathamAvRtti-1991, pRSTha-101, mUlya-15 rupe| vidyA kAvya bhAratI (6 hindI zataka evaM zAradA stuti kA saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrI vidyAsAgara zikSA samiti, kaTaMgI, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, dvitIya AvRtti-1991, pRSTha-112, mUlya-10 rupe| pravacanAmRta (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza, 1975 ke pravacana saMgraha, bhAga-3), prakAzaka-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482 003, madhyapradeza, saMskaraNa-1991, pRSTha-12+25 / paJcazatI (saMskRta meM racita 5 zataka, inhIM meM se 3 zatakoM kA anvayArtha, inhIM pA~coM zatakoM kA padyAnuvAda AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI dvArA evaM DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya dvArA ina zatakoM para likhita saMskRta TIkA evaM hindI artha), prakAzaka-ajita prasAda jaina, 4141-AryapurA, purAnI sabjImaNDI, dillI-110 006, phona-(011)23829123, prathamAvRtti-1991, pRSTha-16+352 / dhIvara kI dhI (pravacana), prakAzaka - dulIcanda devarAja kumbhAre parivAra, khAparakher3A , nAgapura, mahArASTra, prAptisthAna-jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura-482003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRsstth-32| sIpa ke motI (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kI sUktiyoM kA saMcayana), prakAzaka-jJAnodaya navayuvaka sabhA, lArDagaMja jaina mandira, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1993, pRSTha-32, mUlya-2 rupe| 25. 28.
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________________ 534 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 29. pravacana surabhi (ajamera meM 1974 kI cAturmAsAvadhi meM pradatta pravacanoM kA sAra), saMkalaka-kamalakumAra jaina, ajamera, prakAzaka-vimalacandra jaina, 259- zrImantam, Adarza nagara, nyU baiMka kaoNlonI, ajamera roDa, byAvara, ajamera, rAjasthAna, prathama-saMskaraNa-1993, pRSTha-24+362, mUlya-25 rupe| 30. pravacana parva (siddhakSetra ahArajI meM 1985 meM dazalakSaNa parva para pradatta pravacana saMkalana), prakAzaka-zrI munisaMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarIvAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRSTha-130, mUlya-10 rupe| 31. pravacana pIyUSa (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza meM 1975 ke pravAsa para pradatta pravacana saMgraha, pravacanAmRta-do bhAgoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina munisaMgha cAturmAsa samiti, bhagavAn mahAvIra vihAra, gaMjabAsaudA, vidizA, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRSTha-8+92, mUlya-15 rupe| kara viveka se kAma (rAmaTeka, mahArASTra meM 29-8-1993 ko bhagavAn zAntinAtha ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke prasaMga para pradatta eka pravacana), sampAdana-muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-sI. ema. TeksaTAilsa, 2-asembalI lena, dAdI seTha agyArI roDa, mumbaI-400 002, mahArASTra, prathamAvRtti-1993, pRsstth-16| sarvodaya aSTaka - sarvodaya tIrtha amarakaNTaka, anUpapura, madhyapradeza meM prathama pravAsakAla ke daurAna 1994 meM 'sarvodaya zataka' ke sAtha sRjit| sarvodaya sAra (sarvodaya tIrtha, amarakaNTaka meM 1994 meM pradatta 24 pravacanoM kA sAra-saMkSepa), saMkalakavedacandra jaina, patrakAra, peNDrAroDa, chattIsagar3ha, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina sarvodaya tIrtha amarakaNTaka kameTI, amarakaNTaka, anUpapura, madhyapradeza, pathamAvRtti-1994, pRSTha-7+57 / stuti saurabha, (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA racita pA~ca zataka Adi aneka racanAoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana preraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka evaM prAptisthAna-digambara jaina samAja revAr3I, zrI digambara jaina mandira kuA~vAlA, jainapurI, revAr3I- 123 401, hariyANA, prathama saMskaraNa-1994, pRSTha-22 +344, mUlya-35 rupe| sAgara bUMda samAya (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke 1245 vicAra sUtroM evaM 156 dohoM kA saMgraha), saMkalanasaMyojana-muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthala-siMghaI mahezakumAra ajitakumAra jaina, siMghaI bradarsa, raghunAtha gaMja, kaTanI-483 001, madhyapradeza, dvitIya AvRtti-1995, pRSTha-14+168 / eka paricaya : mauna sAdhaka kA (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA paricaya evaM unakI kucha racanAoM kA saMkalana) saMkalana-muni zrI sukhasAgarajI mahArAja, sampAdaka-manISa jaina modI, prakAzaka-hinda yuvA maMca, 927 gaMjIpurA cauka, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-5+47 / 38. . sAgara manthana (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI ke 66 pravacana evaM 87 dohoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana-sampreraka- AryikA zrI dRDhamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka-zrImatI puSpAdevI subhASacandra sarrApha, jaina galI, hisAra, hariyANA, prathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-20+360 / 39. samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara (cAra khaNDa) - [AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI ke vAGmaya kA saMgraha] __prathama khaNDa : [maulika saMskRta racanAe~, anvaya, unhIM granthoM ke padyAnuvAda evaM DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya kRta hindI artha] 1. zramaNazatakam (saMskRta), 2. zramaNazataka (hindI), 3. bhAvanAzatakam (saMskRta), 4. bhAvanAzataka (hindI), 5. niraJjana-zatakam (saMskRta), 6. niraMjanazataka (hindI), 7. parISahajayazatakam
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 535 (saMskRta), 8. parISayahajayazataka (hindI), 9. sunItizatakam (saMskRta), 10. sunItizataka (hindI), 11. zAradAstutiriyam (saMskRta), 12. zAradAstuti (hindii)| kula 12 racanAe~, pRSTha 8+520 / dvitIya khaNDa : [jaina AcAryoM dvArA sRjita prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha granthoM kA hindI bhAvAnuvAda] 1. jaina gItA - ('samaNasuttaM' kA padyAnuvAda), 2. kundakunda kA kundana ('samayasAra' kA padyAnuvAda), 3. nijAmRta pAna [kalazAgIta] ('samayasAra-kalaza' kA padyAnuvAda), 4. dravya-saMgraha ('vasantatilakA' chanda evaM jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthak-pRthak padyAnuvAda), 5. aSTapAhur3a, 6. niyamasAra, 7. dvAdazAnuprekSA, 8. samantabhadra kI bhadratA ('svayambhU-stotra' kA padyAnuvAda), 9. guNodaya ('AtmAnuzAsana' kA padyAnuvAda), 10. rayaNamaMjUSA ('ratnakaraNDaka-zrAvakAcAra' kA padyAnuvAda), 11. AptamImAMsA ('devAgama-stotra' kA padyAnuvAda), 12. iSTopadeza ('vasantatilakA' chanda evaM 'jJAnodaya' chanda meM pRthakpRthak padyAnuvAda), 13. gommaTesa-thudi ('gommaTeza aSTaka' kA padyAnuvAda), 14. kalyANamandirastotra, 15. nandIzvara-bhakti, 16. samAdhi-sudhA-zatakam ('samAdhitantra' kA padyAnuvAda), 17. yogasAra, 18. ekIbhAva-stotra / kula 20 racanAe~, pRSTha 10+638 / tRtIya khaNDa : [maulika kAvya saMgraha, zataka, AcArya paramparA stavana evaM bhakti-gIta] 1. narmadA kA narama kaMkara, 2. DUbo mata,lagAo DubakI, 3. totA kyoM rotA?, 4. nijAnubhava-zataka, 5. muktaka-zataka, 6. stuti-zataka, 8. sarvodaya-zataka, 9. AcArya zrI zAntisAgarajI stuti, 10. AcArya zrI vIrasAgarajI stuti, 11. AcArya zrI zivasAgarajI stuti, 12. AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI stuti, 13. bhakti gIta --(ka) aba maiM mama mandira meM rahU~gA, (kha) parabhAva tyAga tU bana zIghra digambara, (ga) mokSa-lalanA ko jiyA ! kaba baregA ? (gha) bhaTakana taba taka bhava meM jArI, (Ga) bananA cAhatA yadi zivAMganA pati, (ca) cetana nija ko jAna jarA, (cha) samakita lAbha, (ja) My Self / kula 13 racanAe~, pRSTha 6+466 / caturtha khaNDa : [samaya-samaya para prakAzita pravacana-saMgrahoM ke saMkalana rUpa pravacanAvalI]ka. pravacanAmRta - samIcIna dharma, nirmala dRSTi, vinayAvanati, suzIlatA, nirantara jJAnopayoga, saMvega, tyAgavRtti, sat-tapa, sAdhu-samAdhi sudhA-sAdhana, vaiyAvRtya, arhat bhakti, AcArya stuti, zikSAguru stuti, bhagavad bhAratI bhakti, vimala Avazyaka, dharma prabhAvanA, vAtsalya / (kula 17 prvcn)| kha. guru vANI - Ananda kA srota - AtmAnuzAsana, brahmacarya - cetana kA bhoga, nijAtmaramaNa hI ahiMsA hai, AtmalInatA hI dhyAna, mUrta se amUrta, AtmAnubhUti hI samayasAra, parigraha, acaurya / (kula 8 prvcn)| ga. pravacana pArijAta - jIva-ajIva tattva, Asrava tattva, bandha tattva, saMvara tattva, nirjarA, mokSa tattva, anekAnta / (kula sAta prvcn)| gha. pravacana paMcAmRta - janma : AtmakalyANa kA avasara, tapa : Atma-zodhana kA vijJAna, jJAna : Atmaupalabdhi kA sopAna, jJAna kalyANaka, mokSa : saMsAra ke pAra / (kula pA~ca prvcn)| Ga. pravacana pradIpa - samAdhidivasa : AcArya zrI jJAnasAgarajI, rakSAbandhana, darzana-pradarzana, vyAmoha kI parAkASThA, Adarza sambandha, AtmAnuzAsana, antima samAdhAna, jJAna aura anubhUti, samIcIna sAdhanA, maanvtaa| (kula dasa prvcn)| ca. pravacana parva - parva : pUrva bhUmikA, uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama Arjava, uttama zauca, uttama satya, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga, uttama AkiMcanya, uttama brahmacarya evaM pAribhASika zabdakoSa / (kula 11 pravacana evaM pAribhASika shbdkosh)|
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________________ 40. 536 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA cha. pAvana pravacana - dharma : Atma-utthAna kA vijJAna, antima tIrthaMkara-bhagavAna mahAvIra, parama puruSabhagavAna hanumAna (kula 3 prvcn)| ja. pravacana prameya -(kula 10 prvcn)| jha. pravacanikA - prArambha, zreSTha saMskAra, janma-maraNa se pare, samatva kI sAdhanA, dharma dezanA, niSThA se pratiSThA / (kula 6 prvcn)| pRSTha 6+618 / samagra : AcArya vidyAsAgara (4 khaNDa) : prakAzana sampreraka-muni zrI kSamAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka-samagra prakAzana, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarI vAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)244475, 243755,mo. 94258-90921, prathama saMskaraNa-1996, mUlya-300 rupe| mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI (4 khaNDa) : (cAroM khaNDoM kA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa uparyuktavat) prakAzana sampreraka-muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka-AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara-305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaM zrI digambara jaina mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2730390, 2730552, 5177300, prathama saMskaraNa1996, prathama khaNDa-pRSTha-32+528, mUlya-85 rupae, dvitIya khaNDa-32+682, mUlya-100 rupae, tRtIya khaNDa-32+488, mUlya-85 rupae, caturtha khaNDa-32+618, mUlya-100 rupe| 41. vizvodaya ('sAgara bU~da samAya' kA laghurUpa-sUkti saMkalana), sampAdikA - suzrI prIti jaina, prAptisthAna prakAzacandra dIpacandra jaina luhAr3iyA, rAdhAkizanapurA vAle, 1-ka-23, hAusiMga borDa, zAstrI nagara, jayapura, rAjasthAna, prathamAvRtti-1996, pRSTha-6+34 / kauna kahA~ taka sAtha degA (pravacana saMgrahoM meM se cayanita 101 dRSTAnta saMgraha), saMkalaka-jayakumAra jaina, hisAra, prakAzaka-vIra vidyA saMgha-gujarAta, zAntinAtha digambara jaina mandira, sAbaramatI, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta, prathamAvRtti-1996, pRSTha-8+120, mUlya-12 rupe| pAvana zilpI (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA vyaktitva evaM kRtiyoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka-trilokacanda pavanakumAra jaina, bar3atalA yAdagAra, sahAranapura-247 001, uttarapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1996, pRSTha-92 / pravacanikA (sAgara, madhyapradeza meM 1993 meM sampanna paMcakalyANaka evaM gajaratha mahotsava ke prasaMga para pradatta pravacana saMgraha), prakAzaka-zrI munisaMgha svAgata samiti, santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarIvAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1996, pRSTha-26 / svarUpa sambodhana - AcArya akalaMkadeva kRta 'svarUpa-sambodhanam' (saMskRta) kA 25 hindI padyoM meM bhAvAnuvAda / 1996, aprkaashit| zabda-zabda vidyA kA sAgara ('narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'DUbo mata-lagAo DubakI', 'totA kyoM rotA?' kAvya saMgrahoM kA samanvita prakAzana), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI dRr3hamatIjI sasaMgha, prakAzaka-vijayakumAra jaina, lakSmI prisijana skrUja limiTeDa, hisAra roDa, rohataka-124001, hariyANA, phona-(01262)242524, 242520 (ni.), 248098, 248790, mo. 98101-72079, dvitIyAvRtti-1996, pRSTha-4+290 / 47. hAikU kavitAe~ - zrI vighnahara pArzvanAtha digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahuA, sUrata, gujarAta meM 1996 se jApAnI kavitA zailI meM hAikU lekhana prArambha hokara abhI taka tIna sau se bhI adhika hAikU aalekhit|
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________________ 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 537 dohA zataka saMgraha (aneka zatakoM evaM racanAoM kA saMkalana), prakAzaka- ke. esa. gArameNTsa, 25-khajUrI bAjAra, indaura- 452 002, madhyapradeza, phona - (0731) 2535953, prathamAvRtti - 1997, pRSTha- 116 / stuti maMjUSA (AcArya vidyAsAgara dvArA likhita pAMca zatakoM Adi kA saMkalana), saMkalana evaM sampAdanaAryikA zrI vizAlamatIjI, prAptisthAna- zrI digambara jaina pArzvanAtha atizaya kSetra kameTI, bijauliyA311 602, bhIlavAr3A, rAjasthAna, prathama AvRtti - 1997, pRSTha-208 / siddhodaya sAra (siddhodaya tIrtha, nemAvara, devAsa, madhyapradeza ke pravAsa para 1997 meM pradatta 38 pravacanoM kA sAra-saMgraha), saMkalana - ailaka zrI namrasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka- anila kumAra jaina, bAmbe - sAgara roDaveja, kveTA kaoNlonI, nAgapura-440002, mahArASTra, phona - (0712) 2771491, 2770085, prathamAvRtti1998, pRSTha-10+134, mUlya - 10 vyaktiyoM ko zAkAhArI banAnA / AdarzoM ke Adarza (10 pravacanoM kA saMgraha), sampAdaka - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera- 303902, jayapura, rAjasthAna, phona - (0141)2730390, prathamAvRtti - 1999, pRSTha 4+116, mUlya 20 rupae / ahiMsA kA sUtra (pravacanAMza), saMkalana - muni zrI ajitasAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - zrImatI mInA anila kumAra jaina, bAmbe sAgara roDaveja, kveTA kaoNlonI, nAgapura, mahArASTra dvitIyAvRtti - 1999, pRsstth-36| vidyA- kathA - kuMja ( mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI, bhAga-cAra para AdhArita 63 naitika zikSAprada kahAniyA~), prakAzana sampreraka - muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, saMkalaka - DaoN. kastUracandra jaina 'sumana', prakAzaka- zrI digambara jaina sAhitya saMskRti saMrakSaNa samiti, DI - 302, viveka vihAra, dillI- 110 095, prathamAvRtti - 2000, pRSTha- 12+70, mUlya - 15 rupae / tapovana dezanA (gujarAta pravAsa - 1996 para pradatta 24 pravacanoM kA saMgraha), saMkalaka - ailaka zrI nirbhayasAgarajI mahArAja, sahayogI-ailaka zrI prajJAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - zrI sakala digambara jaina samAja khA~dU kaoNlonI, bA~savAr3A, rAjasthAna, prAptisthAna - cetaka selsa kArporezana, 107 - kAmarziyala eriyA, bA~savAr3A, rAjasthAna, phona - (02962)241661, prathamAvRtti - 2000, pRSTha-6+86 / kuNDalapura dezanA (kuNDalapura - 1995 evaM nemAvara - 1997 meM pradatta pravacana - sAra saMgraha ), sampAdana - ailaka zrI nizcayasAgarajI mahArAja, prAptisthAna - zrI digambara jaina atizaya - siddhakSetra kuNDalapura, damoha, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 16+120, mUlya 15 rupae / pravacanasAra ('pravacanasAra' grantha kA bhAvAnuvAda), padyAnuvAdaka- AcArya vidyAsAgara, prakAzaka- cakreza jaina, cakreza kirAnA sTorsa, itavArI bAjAra, chindavAr3A - 480 001, madhyapradeza, phona - (07162) 224206, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 5+105 / dharmadezanA (zrI digambara jaina siddhodaya siddha kSetra, nemAvara, devAsa, madhyapradeza meM dazalakSaNa parva, 1997 para pradatta pravacana saMgraha), prakAzaka- jJAnodaya prakAzana, pisanahArI kI mar3hiyA, jabalapura - 482003, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti - 2001, pRSTha- 136, mUlya - 20 rupae / Samana Suttam (Compiler-Jinendra Varni, Hindi Padyanuvad-Acharya Vidya Sagar) English Translator and Comantrator - Dasharathlal Jain, Pub.-Shri Digambar Jain Yuvak Sangh, Vidyasagar Nagar, Opp. Satyam Gas, Vijay Nagar, M.G. Road, Indore-452 010, Madhya Pradesh, Phone - (0731) 2570687, 2571851, 2570689, Mob. 98272-42453, First Edition
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________________ 538 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 2002,Page-78+374, Price-120/-. 59. mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI se sarvodaya Adi paMca zatakAvalI evaM AcArya stuti saroja saMgraha (AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta sarvodaya zataka, pUrNodaya zataka, sUryodaya zataka, muktaka zataka, dohAdohana zataka evaM stuti-saroja kA saMcayana), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana-sampAdana-anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura-284 003, uttarapradeza, phona(05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti-2003, pRSTha-20+92, mUlya-20 rupe| bhakti pAThAvalI (AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI dvArA racita bhaktiyoM kA mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara kRta hindI padyAnuvAda)- prakAzana sampreraka- AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana-sampAdana-anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura-284003, uttarapradeza, phona-(05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti-2003, pRSTha-20+44, muuly-15rupe| mahAkavi AcArya vidyAsAgara granthAvalI se jina stuti Adi sapta zatakAvalI (jinastutizataka, niraMjanazataka, bhAvanAzataka, zramaNazataka, parISahajayazataka, nijAnubhavazataka evaM sunItizataka), prakAzana sampreraka-AryikA zrI mRdumatIjI sasaMgha, saMkalana-sampAdana-anila jaina, vidyodaya prakAzana, vijaya presa, lalitapura-284 003, uttarapradeza, phona-(05176) 273945, prathamAvRtti-2003, pRSTha-20+156, mUlya-25 rupe| bhakti pATha (AcArya zrI pUjyapAda svAmI kRta 9 saMskRta bhaktiyoM kA AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kRta padyAnuvAda), prakAzaka-zrImatI puSpAdevI omaprakAza jaina, sAlU grupa, azvamegha apArTamenTsa, pArale pvAinTa, aThavA lAinsa, sUrata, gujarAta, phona-(0261) 2226098, 2226857, mo. 98792-21000, paMcama saMskaraNa-AcArya kundakunda dIkSA dvisahasrAbdi varSa sandabha, 2004, pRSTha-74 / 63. guru bhakti (AcArya vidyAsAgarajI dvArA sRjita racanAoM meM se cayanita padyoM kA saMkalana), prakAzana sampreraka muni zrI prazAntasAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha, prakAzaka-sakala digambara jaina samAja, gunA, madhyapradeza, prAptisthAnapavana kumAra kaTharayA-adhyakSa-jaina samAja gunA, vidyAsAgara nagara, caudharI kaoNlonI, gunA-473001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07542)224936(ni.), 50119(du.), prathama AvRtti-2004, pRSTha4+84 / Pravachan-Parv (Preaching Paradise - English translation of Pravachan Parv- Preachings on Ten Dharmas) - Aacharya Vidyaasaagar, English Translation by - S. L. Jain, Flat-7/3, Nupur Kunj, E-3/185, Arera Colony, Bhopal - 462016 (M.P.),Ph. (0755)4293654, Mob. 94250-06804, Published by - Maitree Samooh, First Edition - April 2006, Page - 10+144, Price-40/65. Preaching Salvation (English translation of Pravachan Paarijaata - Preaching of Seven Tattavas)- Aacharya Vidyaasaagar, English Translation by - S. L. Jain, Flat - 7/3, Nupur Kunj, E-3/185, Arera Colony, Bhopal - 462016 (M.P.), Ph. (0755)4293654,Mob. 9425006804, Published by- Maitree Samooh, First Edition- March 2007, Page- 16+108, Price50/pravacanAmRta (phirojAbAda, uttarapradeza, 1975 ke pravacana saMgraha, bhAga-2), prakAzaka-munisaMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, prAptisthAna-santoSakumAra jayakumAra jaina baiTarI vAle, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, pRSTha-8+44, mUlya-4 rupe| 64.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 539 67. 68. cetana candrodaya - saMskRta meM likhita maulika zatAdhika padya / adyAvadhi aprakAzita / dhIvarodaya (saMskRta campUkAvya) - adyAvadhi aprakAzita / (gha) 'mUkamATI' para AdhArita grantha 'mUkamATI' (mahAkAvya), racayitA - AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18- insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI-110 003, phona (011)24626467, 24654196, 24656201, prathama saMskaraNa-1988, mUlya-50 rupae, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa-2004, pRSTha 24+488, mUlya-140 rupe| __ 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke cayanita kAvyAMzoM para zrI azoka bhaMDArI, suputra-zrI rAmagopAla bhaMDArI, jabalapura dvArA 110 bahuraMgI citra/peTiMga 1988 I. meM taiyAra kie gae, adyAvadhi aprkaashit| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA marAThI meM parizIlana, prA. sau. zrImatI lIlAvatI jaina, sampAdikA-'dharma maMgala' (marAThI-hindI mAsika), 1-salIla apArTamenTsa, plaoNTa naM 57, sAnevAr3I, auMdha, pUnA-411 007, mahArASTra, phona-(020) 25887793 dvArA 'dharma maMgala' patrikA ke 16-1-89 se 16-2-91 ke aMkoM meM anuvAdAtmaka rasagrahaNa rUpa dhArAvAhika parizIlana / 'mUkamATI' kA marAThI rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka-manohara ga. mAravaDakara, 17-bI., svadharma', mahAvIra nagara, greTa nAga roDa, nAgapura-440 009, mahArASTra, 1990 I., aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa, lekhaka-pro. zIlacanda jaina, hindI vibhAga-Deniyalasana kaoNleja, chindavAr3A-480001, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina samAja, chindavAr3A, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-1991, pRSTha-4+144, mUlya-10 rupe| pratIka aura pratIka vijJAna ('pratIka vaijJAnika vizleSaNa' adhyAya ke antargata pR. 138-139 para 'mUkamATI' ke pratIkoM kA vizleSaNa), lekhaka-prophesara (DaoN.) vRSabhaprasAda jaina, nidezaka-bhASA kendra, mahAtmA gA~dhI antararASTrIya vizvavidyAlaya, bI-1/23, sekTara-jI, jAnakIpuram, lakhanaU-226 024, uttarapradeza, phona(0522)2732703 (ni.), 2761543 (kA.), prakAzaka-rAjakamala prakAzana prA. li., 1-bI, netAjI subhASa mArga, naI dillI-110 002, phona-(011) 23274463, 23266498, 23276379, prathama saMskaraNa-1991, pRSTha-158, mUlya-60 rupe| Mooknati ('mUkamATI' kA aMgrejI anuvAda), anuvAdaka-siMghaI sugamacanda jaina, svatantratA saMgrAma sainAnI, piNDaraI-481 668, maNDalA, madhyapradeza, dvArA-jayanta kumAra jaina, variSTha vyAkhyAtA-zAsakIya iMjIniyariMga mahAvidyAlaya-jabalapura, vihAna nivAsa, yAdava kaoNlonI, jabalapura-482 002, madhyapradeza, 1992 I. , adyAvadhi aprkaashit| 'mUkamATI' : eka dArzanika mahAkRti ('rAmapuriyA puraskAra' evaM 'jejAnI TrasTa' puraskAra se puraskRta racanA), DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', prakAzaka-RSabha kumAra jejAnI, banavArIlAla vaMzIdhara jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, itavArI, nAgapura- 440 002, mahArASTra, prathama AvRtti-1992, pRSTha-190, mUlya-15 rupe| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke pratIkoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa (barakatullA vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza se 1990 meM ema.phila. hetu svIkRta laghu zodha prabandha), lekhaka-ramezacandra mizra, prAdhyApaka-hindI, sAdhu
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________________ 13. 540 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA vAsavAnI DigrI kaoNleja, bairAgar3ha, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prakAzaka-zakti prakAzana, 58- sultAniyA roDa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prathama AvRtti-1992, pRSTha-64, mUlya-50 rupe| Acharya Vidyasagar's : Mookmati (Mute-Mud), Jaikishandas Sadani, Published by - Nirgrantha Sahitya Prakashan Samiti, P-4, Kalakar Street, Kolkata-700 007, West Bengal, First Edition -1994, Page-20. 'mUkamATI' : mukti kI maMgala yAtrA- muni zrI samatAsAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka-DaoN. candramohana pATanI, pATanI sadana, aspatAla roDa, vidizA- 464 001, madhyapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-mArca-1995, pRsstth-32|| 'mUkamATI' : cetanA ke svara (nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya,nAgapura, mahArASTra se DI. liTa. ke lie 1988 meM svIkRta zodha-prabandha), lekhaka-DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', pUrva vibhAgAdhyakSa-pAlI evaM prAkRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura, mahArASTra, prakAzaka-RSabhakumAra jejAnI, jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, purohita DAlaDA kampanI ke sAmane, ghATa roDa, nAgapura, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2730015, 2762177 (du.), 2779045 (ni.), mo. 98231-16209, prathama AvRtti-1995, pRSTha-8+346, mUlya-50 rupe| AcArya kavi vidyAsAgara kA kAvya-vaibhava ('mUkamATI', 'narmadA kA narama kaMkara', 'totA kyoM rotA', 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM,' 'DUbo mata, lagAo DubakI'--pA~ca kRtiyoM para samIkSAtmaka adhyayana), lekhaka- DaoN. zekharacandra jaina, pUrva prAcArya evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa- zrImatI sadaguNA sI. yU. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, prakAzaka - dayAcanda kAzIprasAda jaina, sukumAla nagara, dhanajIbhAI ke kuA~ ke pAsa, cA~dalor3iyA, ahamadAbAda382 481, gujarAta, prAptisthAna-zrI kunthusAgara grAphiksa senTara,25-ziromaNI baMgaloja, bar3odarA eksapresa hAive ke sAmane, sI. TI. ema. cAra rAstA ke pAsa, hAive, ahamadAbAda-380 026, gujarAta, phona-(079) 25850744, 2589177, prathama saMskaraNa-1997, pRSTha-10+108, mUlya20 rupe| 'mUkamATI' (saMkSipta), sampAdaka-DaoN. azoka ke. zAha, rAjapIpalA, gujarAta, prakAzaka-paMkaja Ara. gA~dhI, pApyulara prakAzana, TAvara roDa, sUrata, gujarAta, prathama AvRtti-1997, pRSTha-4+64, mUlya-10 rupe| 'mUkamATI' kA kannar3a rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka-eca. vhI. caudharI, dvArA-- e. vAya. iMcAla, ema.AI.jI. pharsTa, hAusa naM 58, huDako kaoNlonI, gadaga-582 101, dhAravAr3a, karnATaka, 1998 I., aprakAzita / 'mUkamATI' kA saurabha ('mUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM pratipAdita mAnava mUlya), saMkalana-DaoN. nIlama jaina, pradhAna sampAdikA-'jaina mahilAdarza,' lakhanaU, prakAzaka-zrI digambara sAhitya prakAzana samiti, jaina TreDarsa, jaina mandira ke sAmane, barelA, jabalapura, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)289487, 289483, prathama saMskaraNa1998, pRSTha-92, mUlya-12 rupe| hindI sAhitya meM paryAvaraNIya cetanA (yU.jI.sI. ke rASTrIya seminAra meM paThita Alekha-saMkalana meM paryAvaraNa anucintana aura 'mUkamATI' Alekha, pRSTha 95 se 120 taka), sampAdaka-DaoN. vIrendra svarNakAra evaM DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI', prakAzaka-sevA sadana mahAvidyAlaya, burahAnapura-450 331, madhyapradeza, phona(07325) 254926, prathama AvRtti- 1999, mUlya-200 rupe| saMvAdoM ke silasile - (DaoN. santoSa tivArI dvArA likhita AlekhoM ke antargata 'mUkamATI' para 'vikAsa yAtrA kI nirantaratA : pada, patha aura pAtheya samIkSAtmaka Alekha), lekhaka-DaoN. santoSa kumAra tivArI, prakAzaka-amara prakAzana, paNDita kedAranAtha pacaurI bhavana, sadara bAjAra, mathurA-281 001, uttarapradeza, prathama saMskaraNa-2000, mUlya-150 rupe|
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 541 19. 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA marAThI bhASA meM vyAkhyAtmaka anuzIlana, zrImatI vijayA avinAza saMgaI, aMjanagA~vasurjI - 444 705, amarAvatI, mahArASTra, phona-(07224)242079 dvArA 'sanmati' (marAThImAsika), bAhubalI vidyApITha, kumbhoja bAhubalI-413 110, kolhApura, mahArASTra, phona-(06186) 2484422 ke julAI se disambara, 2001 ke aMkoM meM 'mUkamATI' ke prathama khaNDa kA dhArAvAhika rUpa meM prakAzana / 20. Aloka kathAe~ (jIvana ke utkarSa kI 98 kathAoM ke antargata 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kI viSaya-vastu para kendrita 'dambhI kA sira nIcA' zIrSakagata 60 vIM kathA), lekhaka-padmazrI yazapAla jaina, prakAzaka-mantrIsastA sAhitya maNDala, ena-77, kanaoNTa sarkasa, naI dillI-110 001, phona-(011) 23310505, 51523565, dvitIya AvRtti-2001, pRSTha-116, mUlya-25 rupe| 21. The Silent Earth ('mUkamATI' kA aMgrejI rUpAntaraNa), anuvAdaka-lAlacanda jaina, pUrva adhyApaka-varNI jaina inTara kaoNleja, 'Aloka bhavana', 39- chatrasAlapurA, lalitapura-284403, uttarapradeza, phona-(05176) 272640, 273747, 2002 I., bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18-insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI-110 003 se prkaashnaadhiin| 22. 'mUkamAtI' ('mUkamATI' kA marAThI rUpAntara), anuvAdaka-muni zrI samAdhisAgarajI mahArAja, prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18-insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI-110 003, prathama AvRtti2002, pRSTha-32+488, mUlya-150 rupe| 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke 64 cayanita kAvyAMzoM para rekhAcitrAMkana-citrakAra-prakAza mANikasA rAULa, zikSaka-sItAbAI saMgaI kanyA zAlA, saMgaI skUla ke sAmane, aMjanagAva surjI-444 705, jilA-amarAvatI, mahArASTra, phona-(07224) 242962, 242079, 2004 I., meM taiyAra kie gae citra, 'mUkamATI-mImAMsA' (tIna khaNDa) meM prkaashit| 24. 'mUkamATI' kA baMgalA rUpAntaraNa, anuvAdaka-bra. zAntikumAra jaina, terApanthI koThI, madhuvana-sammeda zikharajI, giriDIha, jhArakhaNDa, phona-(06528) 232228, 232222, 2005 I., aprakAzita / Silent Soil (Mukamati) Author- Aacharya Vidyasagar, Translated by-Gyan Chand Biltiwala, Biltiwala House, Behind Rajasthan School of Arts, Kishanpole Bazar, Jaipur-302 003, Rajsthan, Phone (0141)2313970,2372640,Published by-Bhagwan Rishabhdev Granthmala, Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra, Mandir Sanghiji, Sanganer, Jaipur, Rajsthan, Ph.- (0141)2730390, Fax-2731952, First Edition-- 2005, Page -- 42+512, Price-- 150/'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA kannar3a kAvyAnuvAda- anuvAdaka-zrI bI.pI. nyAmagaur3A, prophe. kannar3a vibhAga, kusumAvatI mirajI kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, ber3akIhALa- 591 214, tAlukA cikkor3I, belagAma, karnATaka, phona-(08338) 262598, 2005 I., prakAzanAdhIna /
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________________ nivAsa (Ga) digambara jainAcArya santa ziromaNi 108 zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke vipula vAGmaya sambandhI zodhakArya DI. liTa. (1) 'mUkamATI' : cetanA ke svara (DI. liT., 1997, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra zodhArthI - DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara', pUrva pAlI evaM prAkRta vibhAgAdhyakSa, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTra - 113-tukArAma cAla, nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura-440001, mahArASTra, phona-(0712) 2541726 prakAzaka banavArIlAla baMzIdhara jejAnI ceriTebala TrasTa, bhAjI maNDI, itavArI, nAgapura-440 002 evaM Aloka prakAzana, sanmati risarca insTITyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, 113-nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura-440 001, mahArASTraprathamAvRtti-1995, pRSTha-8+346, mUlya-50 rupae samparka sUtra - RSabha kumAra jejAnI, purohita DAlaDA kampanI ke sAmane, ghATa roDa, nAgapura, mahArASTra mo. 98231-16209, phona-(0712)2762177 (kA.), 2779045 (ni.) (2) svAtantryottara hindI jaina sAhitya aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ke samagra sAhitya kA anuzIlana _ (DI. liT., apUrNa, 1992, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI', variSTha sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, sevA sadana mahAvidyAlaya, burahAnapura-450 331, madhyapradeza, phona-(07325) 254926 nivAsa - ela-65, nyU indirA nagara-e, ahiMsA mArga, burahAnapura-450 331, madhyapradezaphona- (07325) 257662 nidezaka - DaoN. balabhadra tivArI, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza nivAsa - dube TrasTa bilDiMga, paoNvara hAUsa ke sAmane, sAgara-470 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582) 224477 (3) mahAmanISI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara : jIvana evaM sAhityika avadAna (DI. liTa., apUrNa, 1993, hindI vibhAga) zodhArthI - (sva.) DaoN. vimala kumAra jaina, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-DaoN. jAkira husaina kaoNleja, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI nivAsa - 29/23, zakti nagara, dillI-110007, phona-(011)27451560, 27436140 prakAzaka - jJAnodaya saMsthAna, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura-247 001, uttarapradeza prathamAvRtti-1996, pRSTha-20+676, mUlya-100 rupae samparka sUtra - rAjendra kumAra jaina, 8/1127, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura, phona-(0132) 2658848 (ni.), 2724423 (du.)| nirmala kumAra jaina, jaina bAga, vIra nagara, sahAranapura-247 001, phona-(0132) 2742186, 2746815 (4) AcArya jJAnasAgara evaM AcArya vidyAsAgara praNIta saMskRta sAhitya meM dharma, darzana evaM samAja kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DI. liTa., zodharata, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA-282 004, uttarapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. ajita kumAra jaina, rIDara-saMskRta vibhAga, epha. bI. kaoNleja, alIgar3ha-202002, uttarapradeza nivAsa - jaina galI, dhUliyAgaMja, AgarA-282 003, uttarapradeza, mo. 94126-52568, phona-(0562) 2620302 pIeca. DI. (5) saMskRta zataka paramparA evaM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zataka (pIeca. DI., 1984, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. zrImatI AzAlatA malaiyA, prAdhyApikA evaM adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara nivAsa sIniyara eca. AI. jI.-41, dvArikA vihAra, emplaoNyameNTa eksaceMja ke pIche, tilI grAma sAgara- 470 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582) 237135 prakAzaka - zrI bAbUlAla jaina, jayazrI Aila milsa, gavalIpArA, durga, chattIsagar3ha, prathamAvRtti-maI, 1989, pRSTha-30+472 samparka sUtra - sureza jaina, durga, phona-(0788) 2211704 (ni.), 2210104, 2210304 (du.), mo.-94252-43412
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 543 - DA.mA . - DaoN prakAzaka (6) saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina manISiyoM kA yogadAna (pIeca. DI., 1992, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. narendra siMha rAjapUta, adhyApaka-zAsakIya uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya, paTerA, damoha, madhyapradeza phona- (07605)272301, 272305 nivAsa mar3iyA devIsIMga, tahasIla- paTerA- 470772, jilA- damoha, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', pUrva prAdhyApaka-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza nivAsa 28, saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812) 231135 prakAzaka AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, seThajI kI nasiyA, byAvara-305 901, ajamera, rAjasthAna evaMbhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303902, jayapura, rAjasthAna se saMyukta rUpa meM prakAzita, phona-(0141)2730390, prathama saMskaraNa-1996,pRSTha-16+304, mUlya-50rupae (7) hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kRtitva kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 1993, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. bArelAla jaina, saMvidA prAdhyApaka-mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662)231372 nivAsa zrI digambara jaina mandira parisara, kaTarA, rIvA-486002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662)406786, mo.94243-3786 nidezaka DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza evaM pUrva salAhakAra sadasya- rakSA mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra, naI dillI nivAsa nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza phona-(07683)240907(ni.), 242335 (kA.), mo. 94258-82320 nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, pI-4, kalAkAra sTrITa, kolakAtA-700 007, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033) 22748879, 22746049 (ni.), 22748734, 22748241 (kA.), pheksa-22597786, mo. 98310-10717 prathama saMskaraNa-1998, pRSTha-22+254, mUlya-45 rupae (8) jaina darzana ke sandarbha meM muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 1993, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa jaina, dharmapatnI-DaoN. jinendra kumAra jaina, variSTha pravaktA-vANijya vibhAga DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 117, je. ke. hAusa, levara korTa ke pIche, manoramA kaoNlonI, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza phona-(07582) 237353, 221246 / / nidezaka prophesara DaoN. sureza AcArya, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza mudrita grantha nAma - 'jaina darzana aura muni vidyAsAgara' prakAzaka - Aditya pablizarsa, jogezvarI mAtA kAmpleksa, pAThaka vArDa, bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza phona-(07580)220644 (ni.), 221372 (kA.), prathamAvRtti-2001, pRSTha-14+378, mUlya-450 rupae (9) AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kAvya kalA (pIeca. DI., 1996, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura-313001, rAjasthAna zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) mAyA jaina, dharmapatnI DaoN. udaya candra jaina, eso. prophe. evaM adhyakSa-jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura-313001, rAjasthAna nivAsa piu kujja, 3-aravinda nagara, jaina sthAnaka ke pAsa, udayapura-313001, rAjasthAna, phona-(0294) 2491974 nidezaka - DaoN. pI. Ara. mAlIvAla, esozieTa prophesara-hindI vibhAga, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura 313 001, rAjasthAna prakAzaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva granthamAlA, zrI digambara jaina mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera-303 902, jayapura, rAjasthAna phona-(0141) 2730390, prathamAvRtti-1997, pRSTha-52+332, mUlya -50 rupae
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________________ 544 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA (10) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kRta 'mUkamATI' kA sAMskRtika anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 1998, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - paM. ravizaMkara zukla vizvavidyAlaya, rAyapura-492010, chattIsagar3ha zodhArthI - DaoN. candra kumAra jaina, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya digvijaya mahAvidyAlaya, rAjanAMdagA~va, chattIsagar3ha nivAsa - durgA cauka, digvijaya patha, rAjanAMdagA~va-491 441, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07744) 225647 nidezaka - DaoN. gaNeza khare, pUrva prAcArya-zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, ghumakA, rAjanAMdagA~va, chattIsagar3ha nivAsa - siddhi sadana', gAyatrI kaoNlonI, kamalA kaoNleja roDa, rAjanAMdagA~va-491441, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07744) 225990 (11) jaina viSaya vastu se sambaddha Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM sAmAjika cetanA (pIeca. DI., 1999, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura-452001, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) suzIlA sAlagiyA, pUrva prAcAryA-klAtha mArkeTa kanyA vidyAlaya, gaNezagaMja, indaura-452002, madhyapradeza nivAsa - phleTa naM. 4, megnama apArTameNTsa, samavasaraNa mandira ke pIche, sAutha tukogaMja, indaura, madhyapradeza nidezaka - DaoN. dilIpa cauhAna, prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, bI. esa. zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, depAlapura, indaura, madhyapradeza pUrva nidezaka - (sva.) DaoN. paramezvaradatta zarmA, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura, madhyapradeza (12) 'kAmAyanI' aura 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA kAvyazAstrIya adhyayana (pIeca. DI., 2001, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. saMjaya kumAra mizra / nivAsa - (1) kRSNacandra mizra, balle basagar3I, grAma-atarailA naM. 12, vhAyA cAkaghATa-486 226, rIvA, madhyapradeza (2) dvArA-esa. esa. tivArI, subhASa mArga, urrahaTa, rIvA-486 001, madhyapradeza nidezaka - prophesara (sva.) DaoN. kauzala prasAda mizra, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza nivAsa - gAyatrI nagara, rIvA, madhya pradeza, phona-(07662) 230515 (13) AcArya vidyAsAgara kI loka dRSTi aura unake kAvya kA kalAgata anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2002, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) sunItA dube, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI vibhAga, esa. esa. ela. jaina mahAvidyAlaya, vidizA-464001, madhyapradeza nivAsa dvArA-rameza dube, makAna naM. 110, gA~dhI nagara kaoNlonI, TIlAkher3I roDa, vidizA-464001, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. zIlacandra jaina pAlI vAle, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-esa. esa. ela. jaina mahAvidyAlaya, vidizA-464 001, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 19, vAcanAlaya mArga, vidizA-464001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07592)231089 (14) hindI sAhitya kI santa kAvya paramparA ke pariprekSya meM AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana (pIeca. DI., 2003, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA-282004, uttarapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN.rAmanareza siMha yAdava - ATo pArTsa vikretA, jyoti TaoNkIja kA caurAhA, mainapurI-205001, uttarapradeza nivAsa - 146, kaTarA, mainapurI-205001, uttarapradeza, phona-(05672) 240189 (15) 'mUkamATI' kA zailIparaka anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) mInA jaina, dharmapalI-sunIla jaina nivAsa - sunIla kirAnA sTorsa, mena roDa, obedullAgaMja-464993, rAyasena, madhyapradeza, phona-(07480) 224510 nidezaka - DaoN. (zrImatI) madhubAlA guptA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI vibhAga, sarojinI nAyaDU zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA svazAsI mahAvidyAlaya, zivAjI nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza mArgadarzana - DaoN. ratanacandra jaina, e-2, mAnasarovara, zAhapurA, bhopAla-462 039, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2424666 (16) hindI mahAkAvya paramparA meM 'mUkamATI' kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. (zrImatI) amitA jaina, dharmapatnI-manISa kumAra modI, cvAisa selyUzana malTI iNTaranezanala limiTeDa, 49/15, nivAsa
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 545 kAlakAjI, naI dillI-110019 nivAsa je-1/130, DI. DI. e. phleTsa, kAlakAjI, naI dillI-110019, mo. 98730-01553 nidezaka DaoN. (zrImatI) saroja muptA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa - dvArA-DaoN. harimohana guptA, jI-4/1, jI.e.DI. kaoNlonI, sAgara-470002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)226718 (17) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAhitya meM udAtta mUlyoM kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2004, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - DaoN. razmi jaina, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, bInA-470 113, madhyapradeza nivAsa - dineza TreDarsa, sarvodaya cauka, bInA-470113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona-(07580)223628, mo. 94254-53251 nidezaka - DaoN. (zrImatI) sandhyA Tikekara, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-hindI, zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 'samAdhAna', kAnUnago vArDa, bInA-470 113, sAgara, madhyapradeza, phona-(07580)223873,mo.93297-83833 (18) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke sAhitya meM jIvana-mUlya (pIeca. DI., 2006, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI zrImatI nidhi guptA, dharmapatnI-subhASa candra guptA nivAsa dvArA- Ara. pI. vyAsa, bI-3, vidyA vihAra, jaina mandira ke pAsa, padmanAbhapura, durga, chattIsagar3ha, mo.-078831-29992 nidezaka - pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza nivAsa - nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, dauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683)240907, mo. 94258-82320 (19) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya kA anuzIlana (pIeca. DI., 2007, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI nidhi e. jaina 'devA' nivAsa (1) eca.79, ema.AI.jI. kaoNlonI, indaura, madhyapradeza, mobA. 98267-98250, 98260-32959 (2) sumati candra jaina, asTona kuTIra, nagara bhavana ke sAmane, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza phona- (07683)242060 nidezaka - pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza nivAsa - nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683)240907, mo. 94258-82320 (20) santa kavi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara kI sAhitya sAdhanA (pIeca. DI. zodharata, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - bundelakhaNDa vizvavidyAlaya, kAnapura roDa, jhA~sI-284128, uttarapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI rAjazrI jaina, dharmapatnI-saMjIva kumAra jaina nivAsa - jI. eca. 14/843, pazcima vihAra, naI dillI, mobA. 093100-76763, 093136-86627 nidezikA - DaoN. kusuma guptA, rIDara-hindI vibhAga, bundelakhaNDa snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, jhA~sI-284 002, uttarapradeza nivAsa - 399/6, sI.pI. mizana kampAuNDa, jhAMsI, uttarapradeza, phona (0510) 2444225, mo. 094140-31550 (21) bhakti kAvya ke mUlya aura AcArya vidyAsAgara kA kAvya (pIeca. DI., zodharata, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - ku. zAlinI guptA nivAsa - suputrI-sundaralAla guptA, vidyAsAgara mArga, gaharavAra presa roDa, purAnI sindhI mila ke pAsa, kotamA-484 334, anUpapura, madhyapradeza, phona-(07658)234006 (komalacanda jaina) nidezaka - DaoN. zrImatI urmilA dvivedI, prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya ThAkura raNamatasiMha mahAvidyAlaya, rIvA-486 002, madhyapradeza nivAsa - ma.na. 283, mArutI skUla ke pAsa, neharU nagara, rIvA, madhyapradeza, phona (07662) 231520, mo. 94258-74445 (22) jaina darzana aura zaiva darzana meM sAmya tathA vaiSamya - 'mUkamATI' va 'kAmAyanI' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM (pIeca. DI., zodharata, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - guru ghAsIdAsa vizvavidyAlaya, bilAsapura-495 009, chattIsagar3ha
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________________ 546 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA zodhArthI - zrImatI arpaNA jaina 'sonU', suputrI-zrI santoSa kumAra jaina nivAsa - (1) zrImatI arpaNA jaina, dvArA-prAcI Dresesa, dube kAmpleksa, sadara bAjAra, bilAsapura, chattIsagar3ha mo.98265-89430,94241-63077 (2) dineza eNDa kampanI, vastra vikretA, jaina mandira ke sAmane, manendragar3ha-497 442, koriyA, chattIsagar3ha phona-(07771)241323 nidezaka prophe. (DaoN.) ziva prasAda mizra, adhiSThAtA-kalA saMkAya, guru ghAsIdAsa vizvavidyAlaya, bilAsapura, chattIsagar3ha adhyakSa- hindI vibhAga, sI. ema. DI. (pI. jI.) kaoNleja, bilAsapura-495 002, chattIsagar3ha phona- (07752) 225177 nivAsa . basa sTeNDa, bilAsapura-495 002, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07752) 222298 (23) Adhunika hindI kAvya ke vikAsa meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI kA yogadAna (pIeca. DI., zodharata, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - jIvAjI vizvavidyAlaya, gvAliyara-474011, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - prazAnta kumAra jaina nivAsa kirAnA marceNTa, digambara jaina bar3A maMdira ke pAsa, rAghaugar3ha - 473 226, gunA, madhyapradeza phona- (07544) 262352, 222354, mo. 99266-17326 nidezaka - DaoN. dinakara vI. peMDhArakara, pUrva prAcArya-zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, gunA, madhyapradeza nivAsa - maTakarI kaoNlonI, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona - (07542) 255057 saha-nidezaka - DaoN. satIzacandra caturvedI, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka - zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, gunA, madhyapradeza nivAsa - sisodiyA kaoNlonI, gunA, madhyapradeza, phona - (07542) 256924, mo. 98933-84831 (24) AcArya vidyAsAgarajI kA bahuAyAmI vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (pIeca. DI., zodharata, saMskRta vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - suzrI saMgItA jaina, dvArA- zrI DI.sI. jaina, Ara.Ara.bI., vasundharA kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza nidezaka - DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu', pUrva saciva-ma.pra. saMskRta akAdamI, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, pUrvaprAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa- saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza, nidezaka- saMskRta-prAkRta-jainavidyA zodha kendra, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, mo. 94254-55338 nivAsa - 28, saroja sadana, prophesara kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona - (07812) 221135 (25) AcArya vidyAsAgara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva (pIeca. DI., apUrNa, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza zodhArthinI - zrImatI maMjulatA jaina, dharmapatnI-ravi kumAra jaina nivAsa - (1) ravi kumAra jaina, AkAzavANI kendra, sAgara-470 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)222039 (2)subhASa ATA cakkI ke pAsa, vipatapurA kaoNlonI, po. magaradhA, narasiMhapura, madhyapradeza, phona-(07792)236282 nidezaka - DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAgendu', pUrva saciva-madhyapradeza saMskRta akAdamI, bhopAla, madhyapradeza evaM pUrva saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 28, saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812)231135 (26) AcArya vidyAsAgara kI hindI sAhitya ko dena (pIeca. DI., apUrNa, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI prabhA siMghaI, dharmapatnI-prakAza siMghaI DUMDA vAle nivAsa - siMghaI mazInarI sTorsa, bar3AgA~va dhasAna-472010, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683)257247 nidezaka pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza nivAsa nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683)240907, mo. 94258-82320 ema. phila. (27) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya ke pratIkoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa (ema.phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 1990, _tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 547 zodhArthI rameza candra mizra, prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, sAdhu vAsavAnI DigrI kaoNleja, bairAgar3ha, bhopAla, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. vRSabha prasAda jaina, rIDara-tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga, barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza samprati - prophesara evaM nidezaka-bhASA kendra, mahAtmA gA~dhI antararASTrIya hindI vizvavidyAlaya, 1/12, sekTara-eca, alIgaMja, lakhanaU, uttarapradeza phona-(0522)2761543, mo. 2000268, pheksa-2761543, mo. 94155-01976 nivAsa - bI-1/32, sekTara-jI, alIgaMja, lakhanaU-226 024, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522)2732703 prakAzaka - zakti prakAzana, 58-sultAniyA roDa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, prathamAvRtti-1992, pRSTha-64, mUlya-50 rupae (28) 'bhUkamATI' mahAkAvya meM rasoM evaM bimboM kA anuzIlana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2000, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - saMjaya mizra / nivAsa dvArA- kRSNa candra mizra, balle basagar3I, grAma va po. atarailA naM. 12, vhAyA-cAkaghATa, tahasIla-tyauMthara, jilA-rIvA, madhyapradeza nidezaka DaoN. dineza kuzavAha, rIDara evaM adhyakSa-mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona (07662) 231372 nivAsa epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (29) AcArya vidyAsAgara aura unakA kAvya : eka anuzIlana (ema.phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI ___ - zrImatI kRSNA paTaila, dvArA-ambikA prasAda paTaila, prakSetra satata vistAra adhikArI-kRSi mahAvidyAlaya, rIvA, madhyapradeza nivAsa jI-10, prophesara kaoNlonI, par3arA, rIvA, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 220284, mo. 94258-74659 nidezaka (sva.) DaoN. kauzala prasAda mizra, AcArya evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza nivAsa - gAyatrI nagara, rIvA (madhyapradeza), phona-(07662) 230515 (30) AcArya vidyAsAgara viracita 'paJcazatI' kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, saMskRta-pAlI evaM prAkRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya, kurukSetra-136 119, hariyANA zodhArthI - suzIlA yAdava nidezaka _ - DaoN. zrIcandra jaina, pravaktA-hindI vibhAga, kizanalAla kaoNleja, revAr3I-123 401, hariyANA nivAsa - 200, ema. kRSNA nagara, revAr3I-123 401, hariyANA, phona-(01274) 254315, mo.094166-06198 (31) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke dohA-dohana : eka anuzIlana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2004, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - suzrI sunItA devI mizrA, suputrI-devarAja mizrA nivAsa - (1) mu.po. damehar3I, tahasIla-rAjendragrAma (puSparAjagar3ha), anUpapura, madhyapradeza (2) dvArA - nArAyaNa prasAda dIkSita, gautama kaoNlonI, rAjendragrAma (puSparAjagar3ha), anUpapura, madhyapradeza phona-(07629)268511 nidezaka - DaoN. dineza kuzavAha, rIDara evaM adhyakSa, mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231372 nivAsa - epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (32) 'cetanA ke gaharAva meM": AcArya vidyAsAgara jI kA kAvya - cintana (ema. phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2006, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - vibhA tivArI, suputrI-zrI ramezaprasAda tivArI, grAma-rorA, posTa-DihiyA (govindagar3ha), rIvA, madhyapradeza phona-(07662) 682574, mo. 98265-27767 nidezaka DaoN. dineza kuzavAhA, rIDara evaM adhyakSa - mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusaMdhAna kendra hindI vibhAga, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona - (07662) 231372
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________________ 548 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA nivAsa - epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, avadhezapratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza phona - (07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 (33) AcArya vidyAsAgara ke kAvya meM rASTrIya cetanA (ema.phila., laghu zodha prabandha, 2007, hindI vibhAga ) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003 (madhyapradeza) zodhArthI - zrImatI priyaMkA bauddha, dharmapatnI-zrI sI.ela. bauddha nivAsa grAma-zAhapura, po. kakalapura, taha. amarapATana, jilA-satanA, madhyapradeza, mo. 93292-90899, 98275-16458 nidezaka DaoN. dineza kuzavAhA, rIDara evaM adhyakSa- mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusaMdhAna kendra, hindI vibhAga avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza, phona - (07662) 231372 nivAsa epha-1, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza phona - (07662) 231929, mo. 94258-47022 ema. eDa. (34) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara ke vyaktitva evaM zaikSika vicAroM kA adhyayana (ema. eDa., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, zikSA vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthinI - zrImatI pratibhA jaina, zikSikA-liTila sTAra pablika skUla, makaroniyA-470 004, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa zAnti vihAra kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582) mo. 311558 nidezaka DaoN. bI.pI. zrIvAstava, pUrva pustakAlayAdhyakSa-vizvavidyAlayIna zikSA mahAvidyAlaya, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza; samprati-korsa ko-ArDineTara-DisTeMsa ejUkezana, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza; prAcArya-vidyAsAgara kaoNleja, sAgara nivAsa - ela. AI. jI. - 22, padmAkara kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470 004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)231875 (35) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI kRti 'mUkamATI' kA zaikSika anuzIlana (ema. eDa., laghu zodha prabandha, 1993, zikSA vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI pratibhA jaina, zikSikA-liTila sTAra pablika skUla, makaroniyA-470 004, sAgara, madhyapradeza nivAsa - zAnti vihAra kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582) mo. 311558 nidezaka DaoN. bI. pI. zrIvAstava, pUrva pustakAlayAdhyakSa-vizvavidyAlayIna zikSA mahAvidyAlaya, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza; samprati-korsa ko-ArDineTara-DisTeMsa ejUkezana, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza, prAcArya-vidyAsAgara kaoNleja, sAgara nivAsa - ela. AI.jI. - 22, padmAkara kaoNlonI, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona - (07582) 231875 ema. e. (36) 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1990, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - avadheza pratApa siMha vizvavidyAlaya, rIvA-486 003, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI kalpanA jaina, dharmapatnI-aravinda kumAra jaina nivAsa - ena. sI. pI. eca. kaoNlarI, posTa-haldIvAr3I, ciramirI-497 451, koriyA, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07771) 261544, nidezaka - pro. DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prAcArya-zAsakIya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza nivAsa - nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683) 240907, mo. 94258-82320 (37) AcArya vidyAsAgara jI kRta 'mUkamATI': eka adhyayana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1991, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura-302 004, rAjasthAna zodhArthI - nareza candra goyala nidezaka - (sva.) pro. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura, rAjasthAna nivAsa dvArA-DaoN. saMjIva bhAnAvata, sI-235-e, dayAnanda mArga, tilaka nagara, jayapura-302 003, rAjasthAna phona-(0141)2620944, 2622862 (ni.), 2703903(kA.), mo. 94140-73466
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 549 nivAsa (38) AcArya kavi vidyAsAgara jI ke prabandha 'mUkamATI' kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, ahamadAbAda-380 009, gujarAta zodhArthI - mehera prasAda yAdava, ela. DI. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta nidezaka DaoN. zekhara candra jaina, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM prAcArya-zrImatI sadaguNA sI. yU. ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta nivAsa - 25-ziromaNI baMgaloja, bar3odarA eksapresa hAive ke sAmane, sI. TI. ema. cAra rAstA ke pAsa ahamadAbAda-380026, gujarAta, phona-(079) 25850744, 25851771, pheksa-25850744 (39) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kRta 'mUkamATI' mahAkAvya : eka sAhityika mUlyAMkana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1992, hindI vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462 026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI zrImatI sImA jaina, dharmapatnI-saMjIva kumAra jaina - zrI jJAnacandra jaina, vinaya janarala sTorsa, basa sTeNDa ke pAsa, gyArasapura, vidizA, madhyapradeza phona-(07596)263055 (du.), 263155 (ni.) nidezaka - DaoN. je. pI. nemA, hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, barelI-464 669, rAyasena, madhyapradeza (40) AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI 'mUkamATI' kA samIkSAtmaka dArzanika anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 1997, darzanazAstra vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462 026, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - zrImatI anItA jaina, dharmapatnI-zrI zambhU kumAra jaina nivAsa zrI zambhU kumAra jaina, mairI meDIkala, relve sTezana jaina mandira ke pAsa, vidizA-464001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07592) 235126 (du.), 233679 (ni.) nidezaka - DaoN. pradIpa khare, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-darzana vibhAga, zAsakIya hamIdiyA kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, bhopAla, madhyapradeza (41) bAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke saMskRta zatakoM kA sAhityika anuzIlana (ema. e., laghu zodha prabandha, 2001, saMskRta vibhAga) vizvavidyAlaya - devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura-452001, madhyapradeza zodhArthI - Aditya kumAra varmA nivAsa - 101, bAlAjI apArTameNTsa, 24-TelIphona nagara, kanADiyA mArga, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza nidezikA - DaoN. (zrImatI) saMgItA mehatA, sahAyaka prAdhyApikA-saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya kalAvaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, indaura, madhyapradeza nivAsa - 'mayaMka', I. eca.-37, skIma naM. 54, indaura-452010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731) 2558272 pRSTha 322 pAtrakI gatiko ammAgatakAsvAva prArambhamA:
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA prathama khaNDa pariziSTa : tRtIya lekhakoM ke pate (kucheka lekhakoM ke divaMgata ho jAne ke bAvajUda, zodhArthiyoM kI suvidhA ke lie, unake tatkAlIna pate diye gaye haiN|) DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave, pUrva nidezaka-bhAratIya bhASA pariSada, kolakAtA, pazcima baMgAla, pUrva saciva-sAhitya akAdamI, naI dillI; pUrva pradhAna sampAdaka-cauthA saMsAra, dainika, indaura, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-zrImatI nIlUjI, cetanA sureza kohalI, I-180, greTara kailAza-pArTa-II, naI dillI-110048, phona - (011)-29214488 AcArya rAmamUrti tripAThI, pUrva prophesara-navIna ceyara; pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina-456010, madhyapradeza (ni.)-2-sTeTa baiMka kaoNlonI, devAsa roDa, ujjaina-456 010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0734)2510772 viSNukAnta zAstrI, pUrva rAjyapAla-uttarapradeza, lakhanaU, uttarapradeza (ni.)-280, cittaraMjana evenyU, kolakAtA-700006, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22411348 DaoN. bhagIratha mizra, pUrva kulapati evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, madhyapradeza; upAdhyakSa-tulasI akAdamI, bhopAla, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-DaoN. harSa mizra, eca. AI.jI.-9, bhagIratha narsiMga homa, DaoN. ena.pI. zarmA ke pIche, sAmudAyika bhavana ke sAmane, padmAkara nagara, makaroniyA kaimpa, sAgara-470 004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)231777, 222699, 231455, mo. 98262-81898 prophe. (DaoN.) rAmamUrti tripAThI, pUrva prophesara-navIna ceyara; pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina-456010, madhyapradeza (ni.)-2, sTeTa baiMka kaoNlonI, devAsa roDa, ujjaina-456010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0734) 2510772 padmazrI yazapAla jaina, pUrva mantrI-sastA sAhitya maNDala, ena-77, kanaoNTa sarkasa, naI dillI-110001, phona-(011)23310505, 51523565 (ni.)-dvArA-sudhIra jaina, 'vAtAyana', jI-50, grIna pArka, mena mArkeTa, naI dillI-110016, phona-(011) 26520270, 26531961 DaoN. vizvambhara nAtha upAdhyAya, pUrva kulapati- kAnapura vizvavidyAlaya, kAnapura-208024 , uttarapradeza; pUrva AcArya evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura-302004, rAjasthAna (ni.)- 'gayA prayAga',7-DI-25, javAhara nagara, jayapura-302004, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2650308 zivakumAra zrIvAstava, pUrva vidhAyaka evaM kulapati-DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza (ni.)-4/13, sadara bAjAra, sAgara-470001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)222352 DaoN. nagendra, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI-110007 (ni.)-130, vaizAlI, prItamapurA, dillI-110034, phona-(011)27312937 prophesara DaoN. vijayendra snAtaka, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI-110007 (ni.)-snAtaka sadana, e-5/3, rANApratApa bAga, dillI-110007, phona-(011)27456357 DaoN. devakInandana zrIvAstava, prAktana prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, vizva bhAratI, zAntiniketana-731 235, pazcima baMgAla (ni.)-sI-1/5, paMjAba nezanala baiMka AvAsIya parisara, aNDara hila roDa 8, sivila lAinsa, dehalI-110054, phona-(011)23934596 mukeza nAyaka, pUrva ucca zikSA mantrI, madhyapradeza zAsana, bhopAla; kAryakAriNI sadasya-madhyapradeza kAMgresa kameTI (AI), bhopAla (ni.)-DI-102/5, sTApa naM. 6 ke pAsa, zivAjI nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755) 2572157, 2560221, mo. 94251-71899 javAhara lAla darDA, pUrva mantrI-anna va nAgarI puravATA, vastrodyoga aura paryAvaraNa, mahArASTra zAsana, mantrAlaya, mumbaI-400032, mahArASTra dvArA-vijaya darDA, sAMsada-rAjyasabhA, prabandha sampAdaka-lokamata samAcAra, lokamata nyUja peparsa prA. li., po. baoNksa naM. 230, paM. javAharalAla neharU mArga, nAgapura-440 012, mahArASTra, phona-(0712) 2523527 se 33, 2535145, 2535666, 2524646, pheksa-5618555 (ni.)-rahauda kaoNlonI, vardhA roDa, nAgapura, mahArASTra, mo. 98222-23527, 98681-81222 7.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 551 13. 14. pro. (DaoN.) mAjadA asada, pUrva hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-jAmiyA milayA islAmiyA, jAmiyA nagara, naI dillI-110025 (ni.)-sI-105, IsTa eNDa apArTamenTsa, nyU azoka nagara, dillI-110096, fona-(011) 22714556 DaoN. mahendra sAgara pracaNDiyA, pUrva prophesara-hindI bhASA evaM sAhitya vibhAga, zrI vArSNeya mahAvidyAlaya, alIgar3ha-202002, uttarapradeza (ni.)-mAnada nidezaka-jaina zodha akAdamI-alIgar3ha, 'maMgala kalaza', 394-sarvodaya nagara, AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha-202001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0571) 2410486 pro. (DaoN.) sUrya prasAda dIkSita, prAktana AcArya evaM adhyakSa-hindI evaM Adhunika bhAratIya bhASA vibhAga, lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya, lakhanaU-226 007, uttarapradeza (ni.)- 'sAhityikI', DI-54, nirAlA nagara, lakhanaU-226020, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522) 2788452 pro. (DaoN.) prema sumana jaina, pUrva sampAdaka-prAkRta vidyA (traimAsika), pUrva adhyakSa-prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA vibhAga; saMkAya pramukha-mAnavikI saMkAya, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura-313001, rAjasthAna (ni.)-29-sundaravAsa (uttarI), udayapura-313 001, rAjasthAna, phona-(0294) 2490227 prophesara (DaoN.) cakravartI, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, usmAniyA vizvavidyAlaya, haidarAbAda-500 007, Andhrapradeza (ni.)-zrImatI bhAratI cakravartI, dvArA-DaoN. basanta cakravartI-hindI akAdamI, 17/9/179/e, kurmAguDA, haidarAbAda-500059, Andhrapradeza AcArya (DaoN.) DaoN. harizaMkara dube, prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, navayuga kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, sivila lAinsa, jabalapura482 001, madhyapradeza (ni.)-'brahmaloka', karmayoga patha, jUhI byUTI pArlara ke sAmane, jAnakI nagara, jabalapura-482002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0761)2644892 prophesara (DaoN.) umA mizra, dvArA - DaoN. saMkaTA prasAda mizra, epha-115/27, 6/2 basa sTApa, mahilA pAlITeknika ke pAsa, zivAjI nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona (0755)2761041 DaoN. saroja guptA, sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya snAtakottara kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-DaoN. harimohana guptA, jI-4/1, jI. e. DI. kaoNlonI, sAgara-470 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)226718 Ananda ballabha zarmA 'saroja, pUrva rAjabhASA adhikArI, mahAvanapAla (sI. sI. epha.) kA kAryAlaya, cAthama, porTableyara-744 102, aNDamAna-nikobAra dvIpasamUha (ni.)-dvArA-hemanta kumAra zarmA, sI-8, zrI bAlAjIpuram, po. riphAyanarI nagara (auraMgAbAda), mathurA-281 001, uttarapradeza phona-(0565) 2431189 DaoN.(zrImatI) kRSNA raiNA, prophesara-hindI vibhAga, himAcala pradeza vizvavidyAlaya, zimalA-171 005, himAcala pradeza (ni.)-17, TIcarsa kaoNlonI, samara hila, zimalA-171 005, himAcala pradeza, phona-(0191) 2230439 DaoN. ravIndra bhramara, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, alIgar3ha muslima vizvavidyAlaya, alIgar3ha-202002, uttarapradeza (ni.)- dvArA-zrImatI zakuntalA devI bhramara, 'zAkuntalam', 3/311, mairisa roDa, alIgar3ha-202001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0571) 2426847 DaoN. premasAgara jaina, pUrva nidezaka-digambara jaina muni vidyAnanda zodhapITha, gA~dhI roDa, bar3auta-250611, bAgapata, uttarapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-sudhIra jaina/nIlimA jaina, 1/417, kisAna meDIkala sTorsa, mandira mArga, neharU roDa, bar3auta-250 611, bAgapata, uttarapradeza, phona-(01234) 262906 DaoN. paramezvara datta zarmA, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza; pUrva pradhAnamantrI-zrI madhyabhArata hindI sAhitya samiti, indaura, madhyapradeza; pUrva pradhAna sampAdaka-'vINA' mAsika (ni.)-dvArA-DaoN. prabhAsa zuklA, 83-jAnakI nagara (mukhya), indaura-452001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731) 2402801 DaoN. ena. candrazekharana nAyara 'dezaratna, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, mahAtmA gA~dhI kaoNleja, tiruvanantapurama-695004, kerala; ceyaramena-kerala hindI sAhitya akAdamI, trivendrama; mukhya sampAdaka-'zodha patrikA, emireTasa prophesara-yU.jI.sI. (ni.)-zrI niketana, lakSmI nagara, paTTama pAlesa- posTa daphtara, tiruvanantapurama-695 004, kerala, phona-(0471)2541355, mo.047132-47392 DaoN. sUrya nArAyaNa dvivedI, pravAcaka-hindI vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza (ni.)-29, brahmAnanda kaoNlonI, durgAkuNDa, vArANasI-221010, uttarapradeza, phona-(0542)2314139 prophesara (DaoN.) padmazrI lakSmI nArAyaNa dube, antararASTrIya adhyakSa-antararASTrIya bhAratIya bhASA saMskRti phAuNDezana, sAgara, madhyapradeza evaM rASTrIya phelo va rASTrIya risarca esosieTa, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-DaoN. saMjIva dube, lakSmIkAntam, roDa naM.2, Ananda nagara, makaroniyA, sAgara-470 004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)230414 21. 25.
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________________ 552 :: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 28. 25. DaoN. zekhara candra jaina, pUrva prAcArya-zrImatI sadaguNA sI. yU. ArTsa garlsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta; pradhAna sampAdaka-tIrthaMkara vANI (mAsika); adhyakSa-tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva jaina vidvat mahAsaMgha (ni.)- 25-ziromaNI baMgaloja, baDodarA eksapresa hAive ke sAmane, sI. TI. ema. cAra rAstA ke pAsa, hAive, amarAIvAr3I, ahamadAbAda380026, gujarAta, phona-(079) 25850744, 25851771 DaoN. dayA prakAza sinhA, pUrva nidezaka-uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, lakhanaU-226 003, uttarapradeza (ni.)-'ayodhyA', bI-255, sekTara-26, noeDA-201301, uttarapradeza, phona-(0120)3954013, mo. 395403, mo. 98915-10230 pro. (DaoN.) sItArAma jhA 'zyAma', pUrva yUnivarsiTI prophesara evaM zodha nidezaka-snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, paTanA vizvavidyAlaya, paTanA470 005, bihAra; pUrva sadasya-hindI salAhakAra samiti, mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra; pradhAnamantrI-hindI salAhakAra samiti (videzoM meM hindI) (ni.)-ema.7/12, rAjendra nagara, patha saMkhyA 12, paTanA-800005, bihAra, phona-(0612)mo. 3313177 prophesara premazaMkara raghuvaMzI, pUrva prophesara-zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, haradA-461331, madhyapradeza (ni.)-bAphanA cAla.ke pIche, pratApa kaoNlonI, haradA-461 331, madhyapradeza, phona-(07577) 223472 DaoN. rameza canda jaina, pUrva rIDara evaM adhyakSa-saMskRta vibhAga, varddhamAna kaoNleja, bijanaura, uttarapradeza; pUrva adhyakSa-bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvat pariSada, pUrva sampAdaka-pArzvajyoti (pAkSika) (ni.)-jaina mandira ke pAsa, bijanaura-246701, uttarapradeza, phona-(01342) 250935 DaoN. umA pANDeya, pUrva rIDara-tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga, barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza (ni.)-4/5, nUpura kuMja, I-3, mahAvIra nagara, arerA kaoNlonI, bhopAla-462016, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755) 2564980 DaoN. bhAnudeva zukla, pUrva rIDara-hindI vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiMha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470003, madhyapradeza (ni.)-11, lavakuza apArTameNTsa, IdagAha hilsa, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2547218 sureza jaina (AI. e. esa.), pUrva saciva-madhyapradeza rAjya nirvAcana Ayoga, nirvAcana bhavana, 58-arerA hilsa, bhopAla-462011, madhyapradeza; mainejiMga DAyarekTara-vidyAsAgara insTITyUTa oNpha mainejameNTa, ballabhanagara, bhopAla-462021, madhyapradeza (ni.)-30-nizAta kaoNlonI, TI.TI. nagara, bhopAla-462003, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755) 2555533, 2763077, mo. 94250-10111 DaoN. faiyAz2a alI khA~, pUrva prAcArya-darabAra iNTara kaoNleja, kizanagar3ha-305802, ajamera, rAjasthAna (ni.)- dvArA-DaoN. ayAz2a alI zerAnI, eDavhokeTa, phaiz2a maiMzana, cA~dI kI TakasAla, gujariyA vAsa, kacaharI cauka ke pAsa, kizanagar3ha siTI305802, ajamera, rAjasthAna, phona-(01463) 242794 DaoN. zrIcandra jaina, pravaktA-hindI vibhAga, kizanalAla kaoNleja, revAr3I-123 401, hariyANA (ni.)-200, ema. kRSNA nagara, revAr3I-123 401, hariyANA, phona-(01274)254315 DaoN. janArdana upAdhyAya, variSTha prAdhyApaka-aMgrejI-hindI-saMskRta vidyAdharmavijJAna saMkAya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI221 005, uttarapradeza (ni.)-bI-1/126, assI, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza DaoN. braja bhUSaNa zarmA, pUrva variSTha prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, haMsarAja kaoNleja, dillI-110007 (ni.)-1660-sohana gaMja, kRSNA galI, sabjI maNDI, dillI-110007, phona-(011) 23859353 DaoN. bhAnu kumAra jaina, pUrva rIDara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, DI. e. vI. (pI.jI.) kaoNleja, bulandazahara, uttarapradeza (ni.)-adhyakSa-jaina milana, 318-TIcarsa kaoNlonI, bulandazahara-203001, uttarapradeza, phona-(05732) 226819 DaoN. yogendra nAtha zarmA 'aruNa', sadasya (rAjyapAla dvArA nAmita) kArya pariSada, hemavatI nandana bahuguNA gar3havAla vizvavidyAlaya, zrInagara246 174, gar3havAla, uttarAMcala; pUrva prAcArya evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa-upAdhi snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, pIlIbhIta-246 174, uttarapradeza (ni.)-74/3, nyU neharU nagara, rur3akI-247667, uttarAMcala, phona-(01332) 265973, mo.094120-70351 DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, esa. ena. jI. kaoNleja, muMgelI-495 334, bilAsapura, chattIsagar3ha (ni.)-Aditya Alaya, dantezvarI mArga, nyU kaoNlonI, kuzAlapura, rAyapura-492 001, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(0771)2443358 pro. zIla candra jaina, prophesara-hindI vibhAga, Deniyalasana kaoNleja, chindavAr3A-480 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07162) 244494 (ni.)-dvArA-Ara. caukase, zAnti kaoNlonI, barArIpurA, marAThI skUla ke pAsa, chindavAr3A-480001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07162) 2423341 DaoN. rAjamaNi zarmA, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza (ni.)-po. bA.naM.5026, cANakyapurI, susuvAhI, vArANasI-221 005, uttarapradeza, phona-(0542) 2570604, 3111684 36. 40. 41. 43. 44.
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 553 50. 53. DaoN. dAmodara pANDeya, adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, dInAnAtha pANDeya rAjakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, devariyA-274001, uttarapradeza (ni.)vimala nilayanam, 8/454, devariyA khAsa, devariyA-274001, uttarapradeza, phona-(05568)240595 DaoN. rAma prasAda mizra, 14- sahayoga apArTamenTsa, mayUra vihAra-I, posTa baoNksa naM. 9117, dillI-110091, phona-(011) 22751970 DaoN. ke. ela. jaina, prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya snAtakottara svazAsI mahAvidyAlaya, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza; pUrva salAhakAra sadasya-rakSA mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra, naI dillI, phona-(07683)242335, 242386 (ni.)- nUtana vihAra kaoNlonI, DhauMgA, TIkamagar3ha-472001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07683)240907, mo. 94251-45607 DaoN. zrIrAma parihAra, prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, zrI nIlakaNThezvara zAsakIya snAtakottara svazAsI mahAvidyAlaya, khaNDavA, madhyapradeza; sampAdaka-akSata (SaTmAsika) (ni.)-'rAghava',16-AjAda nagara, khaNDavA-450001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0733) 2246655 pro. (DaoN.) lAlacanda ahiravAla 'jyoti', pUrva prophesara evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, ambikApura497 001, saragujA, chattIsagar3ha (ni.)-mahArAjA galI, jor3A pIpala, DaoN. jaina ke pAsa, ambikApura-497 001, saragujA, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07774) 230668, mo. 94252-56197 paM. akSaya candra zarmA (pUrva sAMsada), pUrva adhyakSa-bhAratIya saMskRti saMsada, 10, javAharalAla neharU mArga, kolakAtA-700 001, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22282942 (ni.)-aravinda siMghavI, dvArA-e. ke. mArbalsa, caupar3A kaTalA ke pIche, rAnI bAjAra, bIkAnera-334002, rAjasthAna DaoN. DI. ke. jaina, asthi roga vizeSajJa, 6-kalpanA nagara, 7 nambara caurAhA, murAra-474006, gvAliyara, madhyapradeza, phona-(0751) 2368824 (ni.), 2368842(klI.), mo. 98270-12632 / DaoN. hukumacanda rAjapAla, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, paMjAbI vizvavidyAlaya, paTiyAlA-147002, paMjAba (ni.)- 451-arbana isTeTa, pheja-I, paTiyAlA-147002, paMjAba, phona-(0175)2283050 DaoN. umA zaMkara zukla, rIDara-hindI vibhAga, zrI jayanArAyaNa snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, lakhanaU-226 001, uttarapradeza (ni.)-vANI nilaya, 78-TrAnsa gomatI, triveNI nagara-I, DAlIgaMja, relve krAsiMga, lakhanaU-226 020, uttarapradeza, phona-(0522)2367280 DaoN. mAlatI jaina, pUrva adhyakSa evaM prAcArya-zrI citragupta snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, mainapurI, uttarapradeza (ni.)- 146-kaTarA, mainapurI-205 001, uttarapradeza, phona-(05672) 240189, 236544 pro. (DaoN.) chabinAtha tivArI, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI evaM bhASAvijJAna vibhAga, zAsakIya kamalA neharU mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, damoha, madhyapradeza; pUrva prAcArya-zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, jaberA-470 881, damoha, madhyapradeza (ni.)-10-prophesarsa kaoNlonI, sivila lAinsa, damoha-470 661, madhyapradeza, phona-(07812)221193 DaoN. ra. vA. bivalakara, pUrva adhyakSa-snAtakottara hindI vibhAga evaM zodha nidezaka-hindI anusandhAna kendra, Ara. ena. sI. ArTsa, je. DI. vI. kAmarsa tathA ena. esa. sI. sAinsa kaoNleja, nAzika roDa, mahArASTra (ni.)-'kaustubha', 34-saubhAgya nagara, 6 naM. nAke ke pAsa, lAmaroDa, nAzikaroDa, nAzika-422101, mahArASTra, phona-(0235)2462044 prAdhyApikA DaoN. (zrImatI) muktA siMghela, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, zrImatI biMjhANI mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, mahala, nAgapura, mahArASTra (ni.)-'kapila', plaoNTa naM. 119, zaMkara nagara, nAgapura-440010, mahArASTra, phona-(0712) 2247163, mo. 94221-05604 DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI', variSTha sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-hindI vibhAga, sevA sadana mahAvidyAlaya, burahAnapura, madhyapradeza (ni.)-sampAdaka-'pArzvajyoti' (mAsika), ela-65, nyU indirA nagara-e, burahAnapura-450331, madhyapradeza, phona-(07325)257662 DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, nidezaka-mahAvIra grantha akAdamI; pradhAna sampAdaka-jaina itihAsa prakAzana saMsthAna, jayapura, rAjasthAna (ni.)-dvArA-nirmala kumAra kAsalIvAla, 867-amRta kalaza, kisAna mArga, barakata nagara, ToMka phATaka, jayapura-302 015, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2594043 samIkSaka kA nAma va patA anupalabdha DaoN. bAlendu zekhara tivArI, prophesara -hindI vibhAga, rA~cI vizvavidyAlaya, rA~cI-834008, jhArakhaNDa (ni.)-6-'zivam', harihara siMha roDa, morAbAdI, rA~cI-834008, jhArakhaNDa, phona-(0651)2542989 DaoN. rAma kizora zarmA, prophesara-hindI vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya, ilAhAbAda-211002, uttarapradeza (ni.)-408, e/15-jI, bakzI khurda, dArAgaMja, ilAhAbAda-211006, uttarapradeza, phona-(0532)2502389 DaoN. sureza candra tyAgI, rIDara evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa - ema. esa. kaoNleja, sahAranapura-247 001, uttarapradeza (ni.)-rAmajIvana nagara, cilakAnA roDa, sahAranapura-247001, uttarapradeza, phona-(0132)2653877 /
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________________ 554:: mUkamATI-mImAMsA 64. DaoN. Ara. ela. esa. yAdava (AI. pI. esa.) pUrva pulisa mahAnidezaka-chattIsagar3ha, rAyapura, chattIsagar3ha pUrva mukhya salAhakAra-mukhyamantrI, mukhyamantrI nivAsa, sivila lAinsa, rAyapura, chattIsagar3ha (ni.)-2-vaizAlI nagara, koTarA sultAnAbAda, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)5245000, mo. 98931-94454 DaoN. niz2AmuddIna, pUrva adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, islAmiyA kaoNleja, mohallA sAjagArIporA, zrInagara-190011, kazmIra,phona-(0194)2425722 DaoN. sureza candra jaina, pUrva prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, maksI, ujjaina, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-avataMsa jaina modI, 20-kAlIdAsa mArga, maksI roDa, phrI gaMja, ujjaina-456010, madhyapradeza, phona-(0734)2517676 DaoN. esa. pI. mizra, pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, chatrasAla zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, pannA; hamIdiyA mahAvidyAlaya, paoNlITeknika kaoNleja ke sAmane, zyAmalA hila ke nIce, bhopAla, madhyapradeza (ni.)- epha-115/27, 61/2 basa sTaoNpa, mahilA paoNlITeknika ke pAsa, zivAjI nagara, bhopAla, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2761041 DaoN. rAjakumAra pANDeya, pUrva prAcArya, rIDara evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, buddha snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, kuzInagara evaM DaoN. gaNeza zukla, variSTha prAdhyApaka-buddha snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, kuzInagara-274403, devariyA, uttarapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-puSkara pANDeya, manISA sadana, kuzInagara-274403, uttarapradeza, phona-(05564)271146, mo. 98393-85958 DaoN. rAjendra raMjana caturvedI, rIDara-hindI vibhAga, esa. DI. kaoNleja, pAnIpata-132 103, hariyANA (ni.)-1828, ema. AI. jI. AI., sekTara-13-17, hAusiMga borDa kaoNlonI, po. nUravAlA, pAnIpata, hariyANA, phona-(0180)2577186 DaoN. nareza bhaTTa, eca/30, pAlI hila-3, tIthala roDa, valasADa-396 001, gujarAta, phona-(02632)251522 kezava rAvata, adhyApaka-zAsakIya uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya, khimalAsA, sAgara, madhyapradeza (ni.)- 4/3, cA~daurakara kampAuNDa, khimalAsA-470 118, sAgara, madhyapradeza zrImatI mithileza kumArI, -dvArA-DaoN. tilaka siMha, 970-naI zivapurI, hApur3a-245101, gAjiyAbAda, uttarapradeza, phona-(0122)2310871 haoN. paramezvara solaMkI, pUrva sampAdaka-tulasI prajJA (anusandhAna traimAsikI), jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, mAnya vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM-341306, nAgaura, rAjasthAna DaoN. oma prakAza gupta, sevAnivRtta AcArya-jammU vizvavidyAlaya, bAbAsAheba ambeDakara roDa, nyU kempasa, jammU tavI-180 006, kazmIra (ni.)-10/120, greTara kailAza kaoNlonI, kuMjavAnI bAI pAsa, DAkaghara-sainika kaoNlonI, jammUtavI-180011, kazmIra prophe. (DaoN.) AzA guptA, pUrva prophesara-hindI vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya, ilAhAbAda-211 007, uttarapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-DaoN. siddhArtha guptA, sarjana, dUradarzana kendra ke pAsa, mama phorDagaMja, ilAhAbAda-211002, uttarapradeza, phona-(0532)2641017 DaoN. (zrImatI) maMju avasthI, pUrva prAdhyApaka evaM adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga; prAcAryA-zAsakIya kamalA neharU kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, bAlAghATa481001, madhyapradeza, phona-(07632)243508 (ni.)-ela-30, hAusiMga borDa kaoNlonI, rAma zyAma basa sarvisa ke makAna ke pIche, prema nagara, bAlAghATa-481 001, madhyapradeza phona-(07632)242145 77. DaoN. brajeza kumAra dvivedI, sarvekSaNa adhikArI-mahAkavi kezava adhyApana evaM anusandhAna kendra, orachA-472 246, TIkamagar3ha, madhyapradeza (ni.)-mu. po. nAdana, vhAyA maihara, satanA, madhyapradeza, phona-(07674)275263, 275238 78. . DaoN. pavana kumAra jaina, pUrva rIDara-bhASA vijJAna vibhAga, DaoN. harIsiha gaura vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara-470 003, madhyapradeza (ni.)-aMkura enkleba, aMkura kaoNlonI, jaina mandira ke pAsa, makaroniyA, sAgara-470004, madhyapradeza, phona-(07582)230037 DaoN. (zrImatI) kiraNa bAlA aror3A, sIniyara lekcarara-zrI satya sAMI insTITyUTa oNpha hAyara larniMga, anantapura-515 001, Andhrapradeza DaoN. mahendra kumAra sAhU, sampAdaka-dharatI, rASTrIya mRdA sarvekSaNa evaM bhUmi upayoga niyojana byUro (bhA.kR.anu.pa.), adhIna Deyara, kRSi mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra, amarAvatI roDa, posTa-zaMkara nagara, nAgapura-440 010, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2500226, 2500664 (ni.)-28, pragati kaoNlonI, vardhA roDa, posTa-vivekAnanda nagara, nAgapura-440015, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2231427, 2220918 DaoN. gaNeza khare, pUrva prAcArya-zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, ghumakA, rAjanAMdagA~va, chattIsagar3ha (ni.)-'siddhi sadana', gAyatrI kaoNlonI, kamalA kaoNlejaroDa, rAjanAMdagA~va-491441, chattIsagar3ha, phona-(07744)225990 bazIra ahamada mayUkha, pUrva sadasya-hindI salAhakAra samiti, rela mantrAlaya (relave borDa), jala- bhUtala parivahana mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra, naI dillI (ni.)-2-la-17, vijJAna nagara, koTA-324005, rAjasthAna, phona-(0744)5122307 mAnava muni, saMyojaka-santa sevaka samudyama pariSad, visarjana Azrama, vinobA cauka, navalakhA, indaura-452 001, madhyapradeza, phona-(0731)2402309
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________________ mUkamATI-mImAMsA :: 555 84. 86. DaoN. rAmacandra mAlavIya, anusandhAna adhikArI-hindI, barakataullAha vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza (ni.)-ema. AI.jI, 5/8, anujA kaoNlonI, misaroda roDa, bhopAla-462026, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2499806, mo. 98272-11987 navabhArata, dainika-nAgapura, sampAdaka-vinoda mAhezvarI, navabhArata presa, kATana mArkeTa, nAgapura, mahArASTra athavA-navabhArata bhavana, chatrapati cauka, vardhA roDa, nAgapura, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2284005, 2284001/02/03 DaoN. vedaprakAza amitAbha, adhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, dharma samAja kaoNleja, alIgar3ha, uttarapradeza (ni.)- DI-131, rameza vihAra, jJAna sarovara, alIgar3ha -202002, uttarapradeza, phona-(0571)2741144 pro. (DaoN.) rAmakumAra caturvedI 'caMcala', pUrva ceyaramena-hindI borDa oNpha sTaDIja, jIvAjI vizvavidyAlaya, gvAliyara; pUrva prAcArya-DigrI kaoNleja, naI bastI, zivapurI-473 551, madhyapradeza (ni.)-dvArA-dharmAMzu caturvedI, phleTa naM. bI-2/501, blAka-7, kailAza dhAma, I-1, sekTara-50, noeDA-201 307, uttarapradeza, mo. 98187-39404 kailAza candra panta, sampAdaka -jana dharma (sAptAhika); mantrI saMcAlaka-madhyapradeza rASTrabhASA pracAra samiti, hindI bhavana, zyAmalA hilsa, bhopAla-462 002, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2661087 (ni.)-I-7/45 baMgale, uttarI tAtyA Tope nagara, bhopAla-462 003, madhyapradeza, phona-(0755)2553668 phUlacanda jaina, sampAdaka-digambara jaina mahAsamiti patrikA (pakSika), jayapura-302002, rAjasthAna; pUrva vidhAyaka; pUrva mahAmantrI-rAjasthAna kAMgresa kameTI, sujAnagar3ha, rAjasthAna (ni.)-dvArA-vasanta kumAra jaina, e-27/4, kAnticandra roDa, banIpArka, jayapura-302016, rAjasthAna, phona-(0141)2206316 (ni.), 2333683 (phe.), mo. 98290-16318 DaoN. vIrendra kumAra dube, variSTha sahAyaka prAdhyApaka-kalA-vANijya evaM vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, DI.pI. mizrA skUla kempasa, kamalanAtha sTeDiyama ke pIche, cauraI-480115, chindavAr3A, madhyapradeza, phona-(07166)222184 (ni.)-khAna sara kA makAna, pAnI TaMkI ke pAsa, cA~da roDa, cauraI-480115, chindavAr3A, madhyapradeza, phona-(07166)222119 zrImatI ArAdhanA jaina, dvArA-zrI saMjaya jaina, santoSa kirAnA sTorsa, jela roDa, lokamata cauka, nAgapura-440012, mahArASTra (ni.)-112-lakSmI nagara, pAnI TaMkI ke pAsa, nAgapura, mahArASTra, phona-(0712)2232978 jayakizanadAsa sAdAnI, 113-bI, manoharadAsa kaTarA, tIsarA tallA, rUma naM. 318, kolakAtA-700006, pazcima baMgAla / (ni.)-17-zeksapiyara saranI, kolakAtA-700 071, pazcima baMgAla, phona-(033)22824903, 22829131 (ni.), 22188303 (kA.) DaoN. choTe lAla zarmA 'nAgendra', pravaktA-hindI vibhAga, jaina inTara kaoNleja, 12-indirA kaoNlonI, rAmapura-244901, uttarapradeza ena. zAntAdevI, pUrva lekcarara-jainAlaoNjI vibhAga, madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya, cennaI-600005, tamilanADu pradIpa nAnacanda zahA, eDavhokeTa, 'mAnastambha' mu.po. ALaMda-585302, gulabargA, karnATaka, phona-(08477)202249 10. - - HD pR.3. pR.3. payaracalatA hai.... ___--- ... manasemI /
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________________ " 'mUkamATI' bahuta adbhuta kAvya hai| isa taraha ke amUrta viSaya para kisI ne kArya kiyA ho, aisA dhyAna meM nahIM aataa| mere mata se yaha bahuta Adhunika hai, kyoMki ye vijJAna ke lie bhI prerita karatA hai| isalie maiM isako 'phyUcara poyaTrI' evaM acchA dizAdarzaka mAnatA huuN| anya kaviyoM ke lie bhI yaha preraNAdAyaka grantha hai|" DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave "kavi ne atyanta kauzala ke sAtha adhyAtma tattva aura kavitva kA sundara samanvaya kiyA hai| darzanazAstra tathA kAvyazAstra donoM meM niSNAta kavi kI abhivyaMjanA zailI praur3ha evaM arthagarbhita hai| bhASA puSTa aura alaMkRta hai|" DaoN. nagendra " 'mUkamATI' meM kavi kI vANI kA camatkAra dekhane ko milatA hai| kahIM zabda prayoga meM komalA aura upanAgarikA vRttiyoM kI chaTA hai to kahIM anuprAsa, yamaka aura zleSa ke cmtkaar| bhASA para, zabdoM para kavi kA vilakSaNa adhikAra hai ki eka tAla aura laya ke samAna dhvani zabda jaise usake izAre para nAcate haiN|" DaoN. bhagIratha mizra "bhavAnIprasAda mizra kI sapATa bayAnI, ajJeya kA zabda vinyAsa, nirAlA kI chAndasika chaTA, panta kA prakRti vyavahAra, mahAdevI kI masRNa gItAtmakatA, nAgArjuna kA lokaspandana, kedAranAtha agravAla kI batakahI vRtti, muktibodha kI phaiMTesI saMracanA aura dhUmila kI tuka saMgati Adhunika kAvya meM eka sAtha dekhanI ho to vaha 'mUkamATI' meM dekhI jA sakatI hai|" pro. premazaMkara raghuvaMzI "jainAcArya santa kavi zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja dvArA viracita 'mUkamATI' yugapravartaka mahAkAvya hai| yaha mahAkAvya hI nahIM, apitu dharma, darzana, adhyAtma tathA cetanA kA abhinava zAstra hai| yaha Adhunika yuga kI 'manusmRti' aura 'gItA' bhI DaoN. paramezvara zarmA " 'mUkamATI' hindI kA, kadAcit, pahalA aisA mahAkAvya hai jisameM adhyAtma, darzana, saMskRti, rAjanIti, samAjanIti, arthanIti Adi ko atisUkSma evaM rocaka kathA ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| gahana cintana, prabhAvaka varNana, abhinava kAvya sauSThava, mukta chanda evaM sarala bhASA-zailI meM racita yaha vilakSaNa kAvyakRti hindI sAhitya kI viziSTa nidhi ke rUpa meM samAdRta hogI, isameM sandeha nhiiN|" pro. (DaoN.) sItArAma jhA 'zyAma' " 'mUkamATI' kevala eka zreSThatama sAhityika kRti hI nahIM hai apitu upaniSadoM kI zrRMkhalA meM yaha eka aura nayA upaniSad hai 'mRttikopnissd'|" Ananda ballabha zarmA 'saroja' "khar3I bolI aura mukta chanda meM AdhyAtmika AdhAra dekara likhA gayA 'mUkamATI' pahalA mahAkAvya hai| kAvya kI bhASA yadyapi bahuta sarala hai kintu artha gUr3ha aura marmasparzI hai|" pro. (DaoN.)vijayendra snAtaka
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________________ bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI- 110 003 saMsthApaka : sva. sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina, sva. zrImatI ramA jaina