Bhagavana Mahavira aur Mahatma Buddha

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Mulchand Kisandas Kapadia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010165/1

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*O*******) ******* ********************* **** ................................ 2273 [0000000000000000000000.............................. zrIvItarAgAya namaH / bhagavAna mahAvIra - kra. 670 aura mahAtmA buddhI. - prathamAvRtti ] ty as we wo vIra sa0 2453 mUlya ru01-8-0 34MAD LAG A 9 lekhaka. - bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina, ema. Ara. e. esa. (laeNndana), oNna0 saMpAdaka "vIra " aura bhagavAna mahAvIra, satyamArga, mahArANI celanI, sakSipta jaina itihAsa, prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha Adi Adi granthoMke racayitA / mudraka va prakAzakaH mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA, " jaina vijaya " prinTiMga presa, khapATiyA cakalA - mUrata / S .................................................................0.. " digaMbara jaina " ke 20veM varSakA upahAragrantha / A and JA [ prati 1000 TO----- **..................*)................()................................ (..................

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bhamikA | prAcIna bhAratakA itihAsa prAyaH bilkula andhakArameM hai / prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM koI bhI aisA grantha nahIM hai jo prAcIna bhAratake niyamita aura vyavasthita darzana Aja hamako karA sake / aisI dazAmeM yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki usa prAcInakAlameM huye kinhIM mahApuruSoMkA eka yathArtha caritra graMtha likhA jA sake kintu isa kaThinAIke hote huye bhI prastuta pustakameM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 gautamabuddhake pArasparika jIvana - sambandhoMko prakaTa karanekA jo sAhasa kiyA gayA hai, usameM mUla kAraNa hRdayakI bhakti to hai hI, para hamAre pUjya pUrvajoMke sAhityaka grantha, zilAlekha aura mudrAlekha isameM pUrNa preraka aura sahAyaka hai| sacamuca isI prAcIna bhAratIya sAhityake astavyasta aitihAsika sAmagrI ke balapara isa pustakako likhanekA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai parantu hamAre liye yaha kahanA asaMbhava hai ki vastutaH hama apane ima prayAsameM kisa hadataka saphalamanoratha huye hai / ma0 gautamabuddhakA nAma Aja sasArake samasta dharmAcAyoMmeM cahuprakhyAta hai / duniyAMmeM sabase adhika saMkhyA meM manuSya unhIMke anuyAyI hai kintu itanA hote huye bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra eka anupama tIrthaMkara the, ve sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI the; yaha bAta svayaM cauddhagrantho se pramANita hai, ataeva eka anupama tIrthaMkarakA aura sAtha hI eka yugapradhAna mahAtmAkA pUrNa caritra prakaTa karanekA

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(3) prayatna karanA eka dhRSTatA mAtra hai| parimita jJAnazaktiko rakhanevAle chadmastha manuSyake liye eka tarahase yaha asaMbhava hI hai / para yaha saba kucha mAnate huye bhI Akhira yaha pustaka likhI hI gaI hai, isakA saba kucha zreya hRdaya-prema, prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya aura samayakI mAMgako hai| astu; ___ ma0 buddha bauddhadharmake saMsthApaka the / unhone IsavI sanase 'pahale chaThI zatAbdimeM eka samayAnukUla dharmakA bIjAropaNa kiyA thA aura use ve apane hI jIvana meM pallavita kara sake the / usa samayake pracalita mata-matAntaromeM paraspara aikya lAnekA uddezya hI isa navIna dharmakI sthApanAmeM thaa| ina saba bAtokA spaSTa digdarzana 'prastuta pustakameM yathAsthAna pAThakoMko milegaa| kinhI mahAzayoMkI Aja bhI yaha mithyA dhAraNA banI huI hai ki ma0 buddhake isa navasthApita bauddhadharmase hI jainakarmakA vikAza huA thA; parantu isa pustakake par3hanese ve jAna sakeMge ki vastutaH jainadharma bauddhadharmase prAcIna hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrake pahalese hI jainadharma calA A rahA thaa| unake eka bahuta hI dIrghakAla pahale 23 tIrthakara aura ho cuke the, jinameM se 23veM zrIpArzvanAthajI bhagavAna mahAvIrase kevala 150 varSa pahale huye the / isa yugake sarva prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva the; jinakA ullekha hinduoke bhAgavatameM (a0 5) AThaveM avatAra rUpameM huA hai / vedomeM cAraveM vAmana avatArakA ullekha hai / isa apekSA jainadharmake isa yugake saMsthApaka bhagavAna RSabhadeva vedoMse bhI pahale huye pramANita hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai. ki Adhunika vidvAn apane adhyayanake uparAnta isa nirNayako

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( 4 ) pahuMce haiM ki saMbhavataH jainadharma hI bhAratakA sarva prAcIna dharma hai / * abataka jo zilAlekha Adi mile haiM unase bhI jainadharmakI vahuprAcInatAkA patA calatA hai / isa dazAmeM yaha nahIM kahA jAsaktA ki jainadharmakI utpatti bauddhadharmase yA vaidika dharmase huI thI / isI taraha bhagavAna mahAvIrajIko athavA zrIpArzvanAthajIko jainadharmakA saMsthApaka kahanA nirA bhUlabharA hai 1 jainadharmake kinhIM siddhAntokI sadRzatA yadyapi bauddhadharmameM milatI hai. parantu donoM hI dharmoMmeM jamIna AsmAnakA aMtara hai, yaha bAta pAThakagaNa prastuta pustakake pAThase jAna sakeMge / jisa taraha mabuddha aura bha0 mahAvIrake jIvanasambandha bilkula vibhinna the vaise hI unake dharma the, yaha vyAkhyA Adhunika prAcyavidyAvizAradoko bhI mAnya hai / + jo siddhAnta bauddhadharmameM milate hai jainadharma meM unakA prAya. abhAva hai / buddhake nikaTa tapazcaraNakI mukhyatA. sthAna nahI rakhatI thI / unane jainamunikI avasthAse bhraSTa hokara apane liye eka 'madhyakA mArga dRDha nikAlA thA aura usIkA, upadeza apane ziSyoMko diyA thA kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrane jJAna-dhyAnagaya sAdhu - jIvanameM tapazcaraNako bhI mukhya mAnA thAH yadyapi ' kevala kAyaklezako unane bhI burA batalAyA thA / isI taraha ahiMsAko yadyapi ma0 buddhane bhI svIkAra kiyA thA, parantu usakA vaha vyApaka rUpa unako svIkRta nahIM thAH jo usako jainadharmameM nasIva rahA hai / karmasiddhAntako bhI ma0 buddhane mAnA thA para karmako eka dekho 'vIra' varSa 3 aMka 12-13. + pembreja hisTrI oNpha inDiyA pR0 161. al 1 2

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(5) sUkSma paugalika padArtha nahIM mAnA thA; jaise ki jainadharmame mAnA gayA hai / siddhAntoMke atirikta jAhiradArIkI moTI bAtoMmeM bhI donoM dharmomeM antara maujUda rahA hai / bauddha bhikSu vastra dhAraNa karate, nimaMtraNa svIkAra karate aura mRta pazuoMkA mAMsa bhI grahaNa karate rahe haiM, parantu jaina sAdhu sarvocca dazAmeM sarvathA nagna rahate, nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karate, uddezika bhojana nahIM karate aura mAMsabhojana sarvathA nahIM karate rahe haiN| bauddhasaMgha aura jainasaMghame bar3A antara hai / bauddhasaMghameM kevala bhikSu aura bhikSuNI sammilita the, parantu jainasaMghameM sAdhu-sAdhviyoMke atirikta zrAvaka-zrAvikAyeM bhI sammilita the| koI vidvAn isI vizeSatAke kAraNa jenasaghakA astitva bhAratameM anekoM AphateM sahakara bhI rahate svIkAra karate haiN| isI prakArake prakaTa bheda jaina aura bauddhamatoMmeM milate haiM, jinakA digdarzana prastuta pustakameM yathAsaMbhava karA diyA gayA hai / astu, isa pustakake antameM jo pariziSTa bauddhasAhityameM Ae hue jaina ullekhoMkA de diyA gayA hai; usase jainasiddhAMto aura niyamoMkA paricaya samucita rUpameM hotA hai| unase spaSTa pragaTa hai ki jainasiddhAMta nisaprakAra Ajase DhAI hajAra varSa pahale bhagavAn mahAvIrajI dvArA pratipAdita huA thA ThIka usIprakAra vaha Aja hamako mila rahA hai / itane lambe kAlAntarameM bhI usakA yathAvidhi rahanA usakI pUrNatA aura vaijJAnikatAkA dyotaka hai| isase jainadharmakI ___ ArSatA aura vaijJAnikatA pramANita hai / isa pariziSTako zrImAn jainadharmabhUSaNa dharmadivAkara bra0 zItalaprasAdanIne dekhakara hameM ucita ..sammatiyoMse anugrahIta kiyA hai, yaha pragaTa karate hameM harSa hai /

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isake atirikta zrImAn DaoN. vimalacaraNa laoN0 ema0 e0, vI0 ela0, pI eca0 DI0, epha0 Ara0 hisTa0 esa0 (laMDana) vakIla va jamIndAra kalakattAne jo aMgrejImeM prastAvanA likha denekI udAratA dikhAI hai, usake lie hama unake baDe AmArI hai| Apane prastuta pustakake mahatvako prakaTa karate huye cauddha aura jainadharmake katipaya siddhAMta-bhedoMko parimita zabdoMmeM samucita rItise spaSTa kara diyA hai| Apa batalAte hai ki jainadharmakA AkAza dravya bauddha dharmameM nahIM milatA hai| karmasiddhAta yadyapi jaina aura bauddhadharmoM meM svIkRta hai, parantu jainadharmameM vaha eka paugalika padArtha hai aura bauddhadharmameM kevala eka niyama mAtra hI hai / DaoN0 sA0kA bhI bhAva kevala bAhya sadRzatAko batalAnekA hai| jIva-ajIva tattva bauddhadharmameM jainadharmase viruddha arthako lie hue batalAye hai| cauddhadharmameM jIvase bhAva 'prANa' ke aura ajIvase prANahInake haiM / Azrava tatvake bhAva bhI dono dharmome vibhinna haiN| jainadharmameM karmavargaNAokA Agamana Azrava batalAyA gayA hai, jaba ki bauddhadharmameM isake mAne 'pApa' (Sin)ke liye gae haiM / jainadharmakA 'baMdha' tatva bauddhadharmake "savara" tatvake samAna kahA gayA hai| bauddhadharmameM 'baMdha' saMyojanAke bhAva vyavahRta huA milatA hai / jaina 'nirjarA' tattvake samAna koI tattva bauddhadarzanameM nahIM hai / jainiyoke 'mokSa' tattvakA bhAva bhI bauddhadharmameM kahIM nahI milatA hai / jainiyoMke dharmAstikAya' dravyaMkI samAnatA DaoN0 mA0 prAyaH bauddhoMke 'paTiccasamuppAda' (Patrccasamuppada) se karate hai / yaha kevala bAhyarUpameM bhale hI ho, vaise yaha dravya kevalaM jainadarzanakI hI anUThI vastu

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hai| zeSake pAMca dravya bhI jo jainadharmameM svIkRta haiM bauddhadharmameM nahIM milate haiN| jainazAstroMmeM 'zrAvaka' zabdake bhAva eka jainI gRhasthake haiM, parantu bauddhoMke nikaTa isake bhAva eka bauddha bhikSuke haiN| isItaraha bauddhoMkA ratnatraya jaina 'ratnatraya'ke nitAnta viparIta hai| aise hI khAsa 2 bhedoMko DaoN. sAhabane apanI prastAvanAmeM acchI taraha darzA diyA hai| aMgrejI vijJa pAThaka usako par3hakara vizeSa lAbha uThA sakeMge, isake liye hama DaoN. sA0 kA punaH AbhAra svIkAra karate haiM tathApi una saba AcAryoM aura lekhakoMke bhI hama AbhArI hai, jinake granthoMse hamane yaha pustaka likhanemeM sahAyatA lI hai| ___ antameM hama apane priyamitra seTha mUlacanda kisanadAsajI kApaDiyAko dhanyavAda diye vinA bhI nahIM raha sakte, jinakI kapAse yaha pustaka prakAzameM ArahI hai aura "digambara jaina" ke grAhakoMko bheMTa svarUpa bhI mila rahI hai va isa tarahapara isakA jaldI hI bahupracAra horahA hai| hameM vizvAsa hai ki vidvajana ise vizeSa upayogI pAyeMge aura yadi koI truTi isameM dekheMge to usako sUcita kara anugrahIta banAyeMge / ityalam / jasavantanagara (iTAvA) mAgha zuklA pUrNimA, bIra ni0 sa0245.. vinIta__ kAmatAprasAda jain| -

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pUjyA mAtAjIkI pavitra smRtimeN| utsargIkRta hai| -lekhakA ru GED@pa 25 Kee -90-9-9ESBSC)

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1 FOREWORD. It gives me great pleasure to accede to the request of Mr. Kamba Prasad Jain, to put down a few words of introduction to his volume on es Bhagvan Mahavira aur Sambuddha." Mr. Jain has already made his name as a researcher in the, field of Janism by his well-known works, "Bhagvan Mahavira" and "Bhagvan Mahavira aur Unku Upadesa" The present volume is very useful addition to the literature on the subject. It is ably written in very simple Hindi. The author has, in this treatise, discussed the following topics:-India at the time of Mahavira and the Buddha, early life of these two teachers, their household and religious life, attainment of knowledge, preachings and the respective dates of their advent He has elaborately dealt with the Dharma of Mahavira and the Buddha, and has noted points of similarity and dissimilarity between the two religions In the footnotes he has acknowledged his indebtedness to the authors from whom he has taken help. He has taken pains to consult the original Buddhist and Jain texts. Jainism played an important part in the religious history of Ancient India There can be no doubt that it is older than Buddhism. According to tradition the principles of Jainism existed in India from the earliest times There is probably a refernce to Jainism in the Adiparva of the Mahabharata. It appears from the, Samyutta, Nikaya,that Mahavira was senior to the Buddha in age (1.68) The traditional date of Mahavira's death corresponds to the year 470 before the foundation of the Vikrama Era, i. e 528 B.C. (Cambridge History of Ancient India, Vol. I, p. 155 ).

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(10) Dr Charpontior rejects the data nnd prefer the dnto 468 B. C. Ilus viow in, however, contradicted by a passage in the Digha Nilaya (1. JOG) Wo koor on the authorities of tho Simngilina Sutlaats of ** Majjhima Nikaya (II, 23) and tho Palha Satuabia 4 tho Digha Nikija (III., P 1.) tint Blahirira preda ceased Buddhn by a few seara Dr. llocralo thinks Daharirn died some firo soins before the Buddha. 16 niny rory well assume that the great prophet of about 500 B. C. 10 round numbre Tarjhnunna do 3 vira tag undoubtedly a roscaler of things seen *F* heard by him Ho maa highly cuteomed by tho people The Rccords describo him ng noblu, worioua, fall of Isito, kaotlodge and rirtuo, the best of thown who towy Nirvana Buddha, his contemporary, sny alro afore preachor Io well, I think, not bo quito out of place discuss here a low topics of tho royal religious founded by these liro eminent toon and noto their points of similarity and dissimilarity. Akasit-In Jainism at menna spacc. Space hast divisions -Loko (universe) and Aloha (tho popudITA In the upiyorse there aro six Drasyns. In tho Aloha to is only endless space. We do not find oxactly this in Buddhism Karina-Jaipiam recognises various kinds of unrhe Mabu vira holds that the evil or good which is given all sentient crcatures is the fruit of tho karmn of lo oxistences They aro born through the causo anu reason of love and desire. Through cau80 atd. are old age and disease. Wo find tho 8amo ided Buddhism. Mabavira holds that many mor havo 'born according to their morit as inhabitants Tants of this

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11) human world. Undoubtedly he had a strong faith in theeffect of karma. In Buddhism too there are various divisions of karma and there are many kinds of acts or consequences which are manifested in their true aspecte in the Buddha's knowledge or the consequences of karma. Jiva and Ajiva-According to Jainism Jiva means soul, Ajiva means non-soul. In Buddhism Jiva means living principle (life, pran). Ajiva means lifeless thing. According to Jainism Jiva and Ajiva are in combination and the link between them is that of karma. (of Outlines of Jainsim by Mr. Jagmanderlal Jaini) Soul-In Jainism it is affected by attachment, aversion, affection, infatuation, in the form of the four passions helped by the activity of body, mind and speech. This activity is known as Yoga There are two kinds of Asrava Bnavasrava and Dravyasrava. Bhavasrava means the condition of the soul which makes Asrava possible and Dravyasrava means the actual matter attracted by the soul It is what the Jains call objective Asrava. This idea is quite different from that of Buddhism. In Buddhism asrva means sin and it refers to karma (sensual pleasure), bhava (birth), ditthi (false belief) and avijja (Ignorance). Bandhana-In Jainism it means bondage and it is of four kinds. In Buddhism it meane Samyojana Bandhana in Jainism is almost akin to Samvara in Buddhism which means restraint in body, mind and speech. It really means that the inflow of karmic matter may be stopped for the soul is independent. A Nirjard-There 18 nothing like this in Buddhism. In Jainism it means the falling away of the karmic matter from soul. The fetters themselves may fall down, and the soul may become free.

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(12) pro Mohhha-In Jainism it means a complete freedom of the soul from the karmic matter. This idea is unknown to Buddbisin, There are many things in Jainism which are unknown to Buddhism e g. sadhana, adhikarana, Sthiti, Vidhing etc, Sravaka-- In Jainism any householder who follows the teaching of the Tirthankaras is called & sraval. In Buddhism srovake means generally a Bhikkhu or & Sramana, particularly an Arahat or a disciple of the Buddha who has destroyed all sins, and has obtained Nirvins in this present existence. Right Conduct-It is the third jewel in Jainism. It means leading & life according to the light gained jointly by the first two, viz , right conviction and right knowledge. This idea is quite different from that of the Buddhist Tiratans ( three jewels ) Right Knowledge. The Buddhist view is to see things as they are, and not to take & wrong viery of things. The Jaina viey 18 exactly the same. But in Jainism there are fire kinds of right knowledge wbich are absent in Buddhism. False knowledge According to the Buddhists, false knowledge is not to bave any snowledge of four noble truths, Dukkban, Dukkhasamodeyam, Dukkbanirodban, and Dukkhanirodhagaminipatipada. This idea is absent in Jainism, As to the ethics of the Jains and the Buddhists we should note that both the Jains and the Buddhists prohibit the slaughter of living beings. All kinds of intoxicants are prohibited in Jainism as well as Buddhism. Certain trades are probibited to the Jainas, viz. fishing, butchery, bolesale slaughter of living beings, brewing, and to the

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(13) Buddhists the following pannaca vanijya are prohibited sale of living beings, sale of weapons, snle of fish, sale of flesh and the sale of spirituous liquor. It is no doubt true that a true Jaing and a true Buddhist will" not hurt the feelings of others, por will they violate tho principles of Jainism and Buddhism. The most important precept of Jainism is "Do your duty, do it as humanely as you can." Thus we see that both the Jains and Buddhists propound the most noble doctrines wbich are beneficial to the world Sex hinds of substances or Dravyas are recognised in Jainism .-(1) Dharndstikdya, (2) Adharmastihaya, (3) Aldishastikaya, (4) Pudgalastikaya, (5) Turistikaya and (6) Kala. (1) Dharmastkaya-The Jaina idea of Dharmastihdya. is almost similar to Paticcasamuppada ( dependant ori. jination ) of the Buddhists (2, 3 & 5) Adharmastrlaya, Alashastikaya and Jivastikaya are unknown to Buddhism (4) Predgalistikaya --According to the Jains, it is the substance, the nature of which is that its qualities, colour, eto increase and decrease. Matter is made up of atom8 The atom 18 minute, permanent and has no pradesas This idea is absent in Buddhism, Buddhism preaches impermanency of all things except Arbbanc and ahlisadhati God-In Buddhism as well as Jainism there is no creator-agod. But however in Jainism we have the foilowing conception of God. (1) Something superior to ordinary man (2) A real living being, not a bare principle. (3) Self-existent

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(14) (4) A source of scriptures. (5) A being worthy of worship. >" + Hell-It is interesting to note that both Buddhist and -Jain ideas of suffering in hell are almost identical. Among the Jains we have the belief that in hell there is suffering from heat and cold. The sinners are out, pierced and hacked to pieces by swords and other weapone. They undergo very acute and horrible pain. If they commit evil deeds and injure others without repentance they go to hell and cross the river Bartarani, the waves of which cut like sharp razars In Asurya hell they are roasted. The sinners are hewn with axes like pieces of timber in another hell There are other hells according to the Jains where sinners suffer accord * ing to their sinful deeds done by them while on earth The noses, ears and lips of sinners are out by razors and the tongues are pulled out by sharp pikes, they are thrown into large couldrons and boild there, they are compelled to drink molten lead when they are thirsty. The evil doers are tortured more than a thousand years in the terrible Baitalika mountain in hell. The sinners are tortured day and night. They cry at the top of their voice in a dreadful hell which contains various implements of torture. Almost identical ideas of suffering in Buddhist hells can be gathered from the account of hells given in my work," Heaven and Hell in Buddhist Perspective" (p. 92 et seq) Bimala Churn Law, MA B. L. Ph. D FR HISg. S. (London).

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vissy-suucii| bhArata ... ... pariccheda bha0 bhUmikA ... ... ba0 aMgrejI prastAvanA 1. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mA buddhake samayakA bhArata rAjanaitika paristhiti sAmAjika paristhiti, dhArmika paristhiti pUrNakAzyapa, makkhaligozAla ... ... ... 17-19 saMjaya pairatyI putra ... ... ... ... 21 ajitakezakambali, pakur3akAtyAyana ... 25-26 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma. vuddhakA prArambhika jAvana ... ... ... ... 26 3. gRhatyAga aura sAdhujovana ma.buddha jaina sAdhu rahe the, bha0mahAvIra digambara muni the 48-54 cauddha zAmeM di0 jainamuniyoMkI kriyA 4. jJAnaprApti aura dharmapracAra ... ... ... 68 ma. buddhakA jJAna, bha. mahAvIra sarvajJa the ... ... ma. buddhakA dharmapracAra, bha0 mahAvIrakA vihAra ... 91-14 ma. mahAvIrakA dharma videzoMmeM, mokSalAma ... ... 96-97 5. pArasparika kolanirNaya ... ... 6. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma. buddhakA dharsa 7. upasaMhAra ... ... ... ... ... 8. pariziSTa-bauddhasAhityameM jaina ullekha majjhimanikAyameM bha0 mahAvIrakI sarvajJatAke ullekha bhaMguttaranikAyameM zrAvakoMke proSadhAdi vrata ... dIghanikAyameM jaina ullekha " bha0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa ... saMyuttanikAyameM paMcANuvrata va bha0kI saMvaijJatA / sumagalavilAsinImeM jIvAdi janatatva 72-88

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(16) DAyolaoNgsa Apha budameM jaina ullekha ... ... 219 pArzvanAthajIke tIrthake muni ... ... ... 220 cAturyAma saMvara, vinayapiTako ullekha ... 222-231 pArvatIrthake muni nagna the, milanda panhameM jaina ullekha 237-240 thera-therI gAthAmeM jaina AryikAke niyama ... ... 256 zeSa jaina ullekha ... , - " ... ... 261 jaina! zuddhAzuddhi patra / lAina azuddha jaina 12 phuTa noTa 1 cadina caritra kevala ke bala 43 AvajIvikoM AjIvikoM AradikAlama bhArAdakAlAma 51 phu0 no. banakara banavA 51 , 5 supAya supArzvanAtha bharavinA bharavinga mahAvIrake mahAvIrake dvArA avasthA bhI avasthAmeM bhI digamvarI va digambarI vavaravAhana (naravAhane) 11 dajakI darajekI parivartana pravartana 11 evaM bhAdarza Adarza jaina buddhadharma jena buddhadharma 191 (Zen Buddhism) maghavAna bhagavAna 210 phu0 no0 3 pRSTa pRSTha 61 220 phuTa noTa pRSTha 123 18. 10 187

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IMAndrums prAcIna bhArata -TRIMULATPAYearn N GuptNTIPS IRC PANIPAT PARELA mukhya pradeza aura nadiyAM / paranI pve brahAvA SARAFYINDEMIUM Aasranik APP-MAtmasuatraamany HEADLINEDALSIPRARAMUnres: si mala PuuuN JAMIRUPALI MariBeatural AN Y kAhAla viha kAmarUpa amarAva basa kA AN 090am HTINAN ma DakSiNApatha gAdAvarI kampa 'mahArASTra mukhya nagara raNanAI dvArA batalA diye gaye haiM:1 ayodhyA 2. zrAvastI 3. prayAga 4. mithilA 5, pATalIputra 6 kAnyakuna 7. kuNDapura 8 vazAlI 9 mathurA 10 indraprastha 11 takSazilA 12. rAjagRha 13 bhRgakaccha 14 ujjanI 10 vajayantI 16. kAJcI sAmaya lIyo vakama, surata

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OM namaH siddhabhya / RPY bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha / magalAcaraNa / " yo vizva veda vedyaM jananajalanirbhaginaH pAszvA__ paurvAparyAviruddhaM vacanamanupama niSkalaMka yadIyam / " taM vande sAdhuvandhaM sakalaguNanidhi dhvastadoSadvipaMtabuddhaM vA varddhamAnaM zatadalanilayaM kezavaM vA zivaM vA / / -zrIakalakahi / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha samayakA bhArata / bhAratavarSa vahI hai jo pahale thaa| isake nAmameM, isake rU isake veSameM, isake zarIrame-hA kisI taraphase bhI viruddhatA nahIM aatii| vahI pRthvI hai, vahI nIlAkAza hai, vahI kalakala rakhakAriNI saritAyeM haiM, vahI nizcala nistabdha gaMbhIra parvata hai| sacamuca sabakucha vahI vahI dRSTi AtA hai / jo jaisA thA vaisA dRSTigata horahA hai-kahI mI antara dikhAI nahIM par3atA hai / manuSya vahI Arya hai-AryakhaDake adhivAsI pratIta hote haiM / yadyapi inake

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2] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraviSayameM yaha avazya saMzayAtmaka hai ki vastutaH kyA iname sarva hI AryavaMzana haiM ? parantu itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki mUla meM bhAratavAsI Arya haiM aura jaba yaha Arya hai taba inake rIti rivAja bhI prAcIna AryoM jaise honA hI cAhiye ! kintu yadi yahI bAta saca hai ki jo dazA pahale-muddatoM-yugo pahale thI vahI Aja hai to phira sasArameM parivartanazIlatAkA astitva kahAM rahA ? kyA yugoM pahaleke bhAratavarSame aura Anake bhAratavarSameM kucha bhI antara nahIM hai ? bhAratavarSakA jJAta itihAsa isa bAtakA spaSTa digdarzana karA detA hai ki nahIM, bhAratavarSa jaisA 15 vIM 6 vI zatAbdime thA vaisA Ana nahIM hai aura jaisA IsAkI prArabhika zatAbdiyoMmeM thA vaisA uparokta madhyakAlIna zatAbdiyomeM nahI thA to phira usakA sanAtanarUpa kahAM rahA ? vaha jaisA pahale thA vamA Aja hai yaha kaise mAnA jAya ? bAta bilkula ThIka hai, bhAratakA rUpa, bhAratakI dazA aura bhAratakI Akati samayAnusAra raGga badalatI rahI hai, parantu kyA kabhI usa kSetrakA abhAva huA jo bhAratavarSa kahalAtA hai athavA vahAke adhivAsiyoM kA anta huA no bhAratavAsI kahalAte haiM ? nahIM, yaha saba bAteM jyoMkI tyo rahI hai| aisI avasthAmeM sAmAnyata yahAM para eka gorakhadhandhAtA netroke agADI upasthita hojAtA hai, kintu yadi umakA nirNaya yathArtha satyake prakAzameMvastu-sthitika dhavala ujjvala Alokame bareM to hama sthitiko sahana sahaja samajha jAte hai| samArameM jitanI bhI vastuyeM hai vaha satrUpa hai| unakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA, kintu unameM parivartana avazya hotA rahA hai /

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- aura ma0 vuddha ] [ 3 eka avasthAkA janma hotA hai to usakA astitva hojAtA hai; parantu usake nAzake sAtha hI dUsarI avasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai / yaha krama yohI cAlU rahA hai aura agADI rahegA / yahI saMsAra hai / aba hama sahaja samajha sakte haiM ki bhAratavarSa mUlameM to vahI hai jo yugo pahale thA, parantu usakI hara avasthAmeM anekoM rUpAntara samayAnusAra avazya hue haiM / yahI usakA vAstavika rUpa hai / astu; bhAratavarSa mUlameM to vahI hai jo bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake samayameM thA; parantu tabakI dazA aura atrakI dazA isa prAcIna bhAratakI avazya hI jamIna AsmAna jaisA antara rakhatI hai| itanA mahata aMtara aura phira ekatA / yahI yathArtha satyakI vicitratA hai / Aja karNaphUloM aura gale bandase kAminIkI zobhA baDha rahI thIkala tabiyata badalI - karNaphUla aura galebanda naSTa kara diye gaye - cadanahAra aura kaMpana usake vakSasthala eva karoMko alaMkRta karane lge| yahAM to pUrA kAyApalaTa hogayA, paraMtu sonA to vahIkA vahI rahA; mUla usakA jaba thA so aba I astu, bhAratavarSa vahI hai jo bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake samayameM thA; parantu usame hara taraphase ulaTa pherake cinha najara Ate | Aja yahAMke manuSya hI na utane pratibhA aura zaktisampanna hai aura na utane dIrghajIvI haiM / Ajake bhAratakI naitika aura dhArmika pravRtti na usa samaya jaisI hai aura na usakI pradhAnatAkA sikkA kisIke hRdayapara jamA huA hai / Aja yahAMke nivAsI bilakula dIna-hIna raka bane huye hai / vuddhi, bala, aizvarya sabakA divAlA nikAle vaiThe haiM / tabake bhAratakA anukaraNa anya deza karate the aura usako 1

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4] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra apanA guru mAnakara yUnAna sadRza unnatazAlI dezake vidvAn jaise pairaho ( Pyrrho ) yahAM vidyAdhyayana karane Ate the, parantu Aja ulTI gaMgA baha rahI hai| svayaM bhAratIya ina videzoM meM jAkara jJAnopArjanakA misa kara rahe hai aura una dezokI nakala AMkha mIMcakara kiye cale jArahe haiM / isa bhautika-sabhyatAkI upAsanAkA kitanA kTu pariNAma bhAratako zIghra hI bhugatanA par3egA, yaha abhI isa dezake adhivAsiyokI samajhameM nahIM AyA hai, parantu jamAnA unakI AMkheM kholegA avazya / aura taba ve prAcIna bhAratakI aura AzAbhare netro se dekheMge / isaliye yahApara prAcIna aura arvAcIna bhAratakI tulanA na karake hama usakI IsAse pUrva chaThI zatAbdime jo dazA thI usakA hI kicit digdarzana karake usa samayake una do camakate huye ratnokA paricaya prApta kareMge, jinake prati bhAja pAzcamIya sabhyatA ke vidvAn bhaure bane huye hai / kisI bhI dezakI kisI samayakI hAlata jAnaneke liye usa dezakI rAjanaitika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika paristhitiko jAnanA Avazyaka hai / jabataka usa dezakI ina saba dazAoM kA citra hamAre netroke agADI nahI khica jAyagA tabataka usa dezakA saccA aura yathArtha paricaya pAnA kaThina hai / Aja bhAratiyoke patanakA yaha bhI eka mukhya kAraNa hai ki ve apane prAcIna puspoke itihAsa se prAyaH anabhijJa hai / pratyeka jAtikA utthAna usake prAcIna ADhagako usake pratyeka sadasyake hRdayameM biThA dene para bahuta kucha avalambita hai, ataeva yahAMpara hama usa samayake bhAratakI ina dazAoMkA vicita vRtta nimna me aMkita karate haiM /

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [5 IsAkI chaThI zatAbdi bhAratake liye hI nahIM balki sAre saMsArake lie eka apUrva zatAbdi thii| koI bhI deza aisA na bacA thA jo isake krAMtikArI prabhAvase achUtA rahA ho / bhAratameM isakA romAMcakArI prabhAva khUba hI raGga lAyA thaa| rAjanaitika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika saba hI avasthAomeM isane rUpAntara lAkara khaDe kara diye the / manuSya hara tarahase saccI svAdhInatAke upAsaka bana gaye the, parantu isameM usa samayake do camakate hue ratnoM -bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha-kA astitva mUla kAraNa thA / ____ usa samaya yahAMkI rAjanaitika paristhiti anava raGga lArahI __ thii| sAmrAjyavAdakA prAyaH sarva Thaura ekachatra rAjya nahIM thA, pratyuta prajAtaMtrake DhaMgake gaNarAjya bhI maujUda the| eka ora svAdhIna rAjA okI vAMkI AnameM bhAratIya prajA sukhakI nIMda so rahI thI; to dUsarI ora gaNarAjyoMke uttaradAyitvapUrNa pravadhameM saba loga svataMtratA pUrvaka svarAjyakA upabhoga kara rahe the / dono ora rAmarAjya chA rahA thaa| ina gaNarAjyokA prabaMdha ThIka Ajakalake DhaMgake pranAtatrAtmaka rAjyokI taraha kiyA jAtA thaa| niyamitarUpase prati. nidhiyoMkA cunAva hotA thA; jo rAjyakIya manDala athavA 'sAMthAgAra' meM jAkara janatAke sacce hitakI kAmanAse vyavasthAkI yojanA karate the / nyAyAlayoMkA prabaMdha bhI prAyaH Ajakalake DhaMgakA thA; parantu usa samaya vakIla-vairiTaroMkI AvazyaktA nahIM thii| nyAyAdhIza svayaM vAdI-prativAdIke kathanakI jAMca karate the aura yahI nahIM ki prAraMbhika nyAyAlaya jo jAMca karade vahI bahAla rahe, pratyuta Uparake nyAyAlaya bhI svayaM sthitikI par3atAla karate the| pracalita

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[ bhagavAna mahAvIra kAnUnokI kitAva bhI maujUda thI aura 'phulavencakI' taraha 'aTThakUlako nyAyAlaya sadRza nyAyAlaya bhI the / isa prajAtatrAtmaka gaNarAjyakA Adarza hameM usa samaya ke licchavi kSatriyoMke vivaraName milatA hai|' jaina aura bauddha gratha inake. viSayame pracura prakAza upasthita karate hai| ina grathoke adhyayanase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya prakhyAt gaNarAjya isaprakAra the (1) licchivi gaNarAjya-isameM ikSvAkvaMzIya kSatriyoMkA Adhikya thA aura isakI rAjadhAnI vizAlA athavA vaizAlI vizeSa samRddhizAlI nagarI thI / isa gaNarAjyake pradhAna rAjA ceTaka the| bauddhagraMtha isa rAjyameM ATha kuloMke kSatriyokA pratinidhitva batalAte hai, parantu jainoke graMthameM unakI saMkhyA nau hai / isa gaNarAjyakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlIke nikaTa avasthita kunDapura athavA kunDanagarake kSatriya rAjA siddhArtha the, jo bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA the| ve sabhavataH isI gaNarAjyameM samilita the aura isI kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIrakA ullekha kabhI 2 'vaizAliya' ke rUpameM huA hai / vaha gaNarAjya vizeSa samRddhizAlI thA aura yahAM jainadharmakI mAnyatA adhika thii| kAzI aura kauzalake gaNarAjya, jinake pratinidhi (jo 'rAjA' kahalAte the) zve. jaina zAstra kalpasUtra meM aThAraha batalAye gaye hai, sabhavataH inase sambaMdhita the / ina saba gaNarAjyokI 1. dekho vartamAna lekhakakI 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' nAmaka pustaka / (pRSTa 57) 2. jainasUtra / sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa / bhAga 22 pRSTa 266 / 3. kSatriya klainsa ina budhisTa inDiyA-(vaizAlI aura licchivi) pRSTa 86 /

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-aura ma0 vuddha] vyavasthApaka sabhA 'vajjiyana rAjasaMgha' kahalAtI thii| usa samaya ina logokI zakti vizeSa prabala thii| yahAtaka ki magadhAdhipati bhI sahasA inapara AkramaNa nahIM kara sake the; balki pahale to svaya ceTakane ekadaphe jAkara rAjagRhakA gherA DAla diyA thaa| aura antata. rAjA zreNika aura ceTakame samajhautA hogayA thaa|' (2) zAkya gaNarAjya-isakI rAnadhAnI kapilavastu thI aura yahAke pradhAna rAjA zuddhodana the / yahI ma0 buddhake pitA the / buddhakI janmanagarI yahI thii| inakI bhI sattA usa samaya acchI thii| (3) malla gaNarAjyameM mallavaMzIya kSatriyoMkI pradhAnatA thii| bauddha granthoMse patA calatA hai ki yaha do bhAgome vibhAnita thaa| kusInArA jisa bhAgakI rAjadhAnI thI usase ma0 buddhakA sambadha vizeSa rahA thA aura dUsare bhAgakI rAjadhAnI pAvA thI, jahAMse bhagavAna mahAvIrane nirvANa lAbha kiyA thaa| zvetAmbariyoke 'kalpasUtra' meM yahA~ke pradhAna rAjA hastipAla aura nau pratinidhi rAjAbatalAye gaye haiN| (4) kolyi gaNarAjya thA / isakI rAjadhAnI rAmagAMma thI aura isameM kolyi jAtike kSatriyokA prAvalya thaa| zeSameM sunsamAra parvatakA bhagga gaNarAjya, allakappake buligaNa, pippalivanake morIyagaNa Adi anya kaI choTe moTe gaNarAjya bhI the jinakA vizeSa varNana kucha jJAta nahIM hai / inake atirikta dUsarI prakArakI rAjyavyavasthA khAdhIna rAjAoMkI thii| inameM vizeSa prakhyAta prajAdhIza nimnaprakAra the: (1) magadha-ke samrAT zreNika vimbasAra / inakI rAjadhAnI 1. dekho vartamAna lekhakakA 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' pRSTa 14 / /

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8] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrarAjagRha thI / yaha pahale bauddha the, parantu uparAta rAnI celanIke prayatnase jainadharmAnuyAyI hue the| (2) uttarIya kauzala-kArAjya magadhase uttara pazcimakI ora thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI thii| yahAMke rAjA pahale agnidatta (pasenadI) the| uparAMta unake putra vidudAma rAjyAdhikArI hue the| (3) kauzalase dakSiNakI ora vatsa rAjya thA aura usakI rAjyadhAnI kozAmbI yamunA kinAre thii| yahAMke rAjA udena (udAyana) the, jinake pitAkA nAma parantapa, bauddha zAstroMmeM batalAyA gayA hai| jaina zAstroMmeM jo rAjA udAyana apane samyaktvake liye prasiddha haiM, vaha inase bhinna hai| zve0 zAstroMme inake pitAkA nAma zatAnIka batalAyA hai / tathApi yahI nAma di0 sampradAyake uttarapurANameM bhI batalAyA gayA hai|* (4) isase dakSiNakI ora avantIkA rAjya sthita thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI ujjayanI thI, aura yahAke rAjA candrapradyota vizeSa prakhyAta the| jaina zAstroMmeM inake viSayameM bhI pracura vivaraNa milatA hai| (5) kaliGgake rAjA nitazatru the aura yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake phUphA the| (6) ana pahale dadhivAhana rAnAke AdhIna svataMtra rAjya thA; parantu uparAta magadhAdhipake AdhIna hogayA thA aura yahAMke rAjA kaNika ajAtazatru huye the, jo samrAT zreNikake putra the| 1 dekho hamArA 'bhagavAna mahAvIra pRSTa 142-148 / 2 buddhisTa iDiyA pRSTha / 3 ena ipIToma oNpha jainIjama pRSTha 650 / * uttara purANa pRSTha 634 /

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-aura ma0 buddha ] inake atirikta aura bhI choTe moTe rAjya the jinakA vizeSa - paricaya yahAMpara karAnA duSkara hai| itanA spaSTa hai ki usa samaya jo prakhyAta rAjya the phira cAhe vaha gaNa rAjya the athavA svAdhIna sAmrAjya; unakI saMkhyA kula solaha thii| mi0 hIsa DeviDsa unakI gaNanA isa prakAra karate haiM:--- (1) aGga-rAjadhAnI campA; (2) magadha-rAjadhAnI rAjagRha; (3) kAzI-rA0 dhA0 vanArasa; (4) kauzala (Adhunika nepAla)rA0 dhA0 zrAvastI; (5) vajjiyana-rA0 dhA0 vaizAlI; (6) malla rA0 dhA0 pAvA aura kusInArA; (7) cetIyagaNa-uttarIya parvatoMmeM __ avasthita thA; (8) vansa yA vatsa-rA0 dhA0 kauzAmbI; (9) kuru-rAjadhAnI iMdraprastha (dillii)| isake pUrvameM pAJcAla aura dakSiNameM matsya thA / ratthapAla kuruvaMzIya saradAra the, (10) pAJcAla, yaha kuruke pUrva meM parvatoM aura gagAke madhya avasthita thA aura do vibhAgomeM vibhAjita thA, rAdhA0 kaMpilla aura kannauna thI, (11) matsya-kuruke dakSiName aura jamanAke pazcimameM thA; (12)sUrasenajamanAke pazcimameM aura matsyake dakSiNa-pazcimameM thA;-rAdhA mathurA (13) assaka-avantIke uttara-pazcimameM godAvarIke nikaTa avasthita thA-rA0 dhA0 potana yA potali, (14) avantI-rA0yA0 ujjayanI; IzAkI dUsarIzatAbdi taka yaha avantI kahalAI, parantu 7vIM yA (vIM zatAbdike uparAMta yaha mAlava kahalAne lagI; (15) gAndhAra-AjakalakA kandhAra hai-rAdhA0 takSazilA, rAjA pukku sAti aura (16) kamboja-uttara-pazcimake TheTha chorapara thI, rAjadhAnI dvArikA thii| 1 buddhisTa iDhiyA pRSTa 23 /

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10] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra__ina rAjyoMme paraspara mitratA thI aura bahudhA ve eka dUsarese sambaMdhita bhI the; parantu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki inameM kamI paraspara raNabherI na vanatI ho| yadAkadA saMgrAma honekA ullekha bhI hameM zAstroMmeM milatA hai, kintu itanA spaSTa hai ki ina rAjyokI pranA vizeSa zAMti aura sukhakA upabhoga karatI thii| use aisA bhaya nahI thA jo vaha apanI ubhaya unnati sAnanda na kara saktI / sAmrAjyake AdhIna bhI vaha sukhI thI aura gaNarAjyokI chatrachAyAme use kisI bAtakI takalIpha nahIM thI / isa prakAra usa samayakI rAjyanaitika paristhitikA vAtAvaraNa thaa| yaha sarvathA prAcIna AryoMke upayukta thA / sacamuca AjakI duniyAke lie vaha anukaraNIya Adarza hai| usa samayakI sAmAjika paristhiti bhI ajIba hAlatameM thii| usa samayake pahale eka dIrghakAlase brAhmaNokI pradhAnatAkA sikkA samAjameM jama rahA thA / brAhmaNoMne sAmAjika vyavasthAko ekatarahase apanI AjIvikAkA kAraNa banA liyA thaa| usI apekSA unhone dharmazAstroke paThana pAThanakA adhikAra itaravarNo-arthAt kSatriya, vaizya, zUdroM-ko nahI de rakkhA thApratyuta unake AtmakalyANake .. liye apane Apako pujavAnA hI iSTa rakkhA thaa| janatAko batalAyA thA ki tuma amuka prakAra yajJa Adi kriyAoko karAkara hamArI satuSTi karo to tumako vargasukhakI prApti hogI aura isa svargasukhake lAlacame loga usa samaya bhI yajJavedIko nirAparAdha mUka pazuoMke raktase ragate nahIM hicakate the| yahAM bhI zUdrAdi manuSyoko bahuta hI nIcI dRSTise dekhA jAtA thaa| pariNAmataH

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-aura ma0 cuddha [11 rAjyakIya svatatratAke usa yugame logoko brAhmaNokI yaha bhedavyavasthA aura ekAdhipatya akhara uThA / pracalita sAmAjika vyavasthAke indhanokA ullaMghana kiyA jAne lgaa| sacamuca vartamAnameM jo sAmAjika krAnti kucha aspaSTa rUpame dikhAI par3a rahI hai, ThIka vaisI hI krAnti usa samaya ke samAjame apanA raMga lA rahI thI / brAhmaNoMne nahA svArthabhare kaThora niyama siraja rakkhe the vahAM bilkula DhilAIse kAma liyA jAne lagA / sAmAjika niyamome sabase mukhya vivAha niyama hai so usa samaya isakA kSetra vizeSa vistRta thA aura isakI vaha durdazA nahIM thI jo.Ajakala horahI hai / yuvAvasthAmeM vara-kanyAoke sarAhanIya vivAha sambandha hote the | unameM guNokA hI lihAja kiyA jAtA thA / jaina aura bauddhazAstrome isa vyAkhyAkI puSTime anekoM udAharaNa milate hai| aisA mAlUma __ hotA hai ki usa jamAnemeM vyaktigata vivAha sambandhakI svAdhInatAne itanA ugrarUpa dhAraNa kiyA thA ki kinhIM 2 rAjyomeM vivAhasambandhake khAsa niyama bhI banA liye gaye the| isa vyAkhyAke anurUpa abhItaka kevala eka vezAlIke licchaviyoke viSayameM vidita hai| unake yahAM yaha niyama thA ki vaizAlIkI kanyAyeM vaizAlIke vAhara na dI jAveM / tathApi jisa taraha vaizAlI tIna khaNDoM-(1) kSatriya khaNDa, (2) brAhmaNa khaNDa aura (3) vaizya khaNDa-meM vibhAjita thI usI taraha inake nivAsiyome apane aura apanese itara khaNDakI kanyAse vivAha karanekA niyama niyata thaa| zAyada isa hI kAraNase 1 dekho vivAhakSetraprakAza / 2 dekho 'hisTaoNrIkla glIningUsa' pRSTha 73 /

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12] [ bhagavAna mahAvora * 'samrAT zreNikake sAtha rAjA ceTaka apanI kanyAkA vivAha nahIM kareMge' yaha saMbhAvanA jaina zAstroM meM kI gaI hai / yadyapi vahAM isakA kAraNa rAjA ceTakakA jainatva aura samrAT zreNikakA vauddhatva batalAyA gayA hai / ' isameM bhI saMzaya nahIM hai ki rAjA ceTaka jaina dharmAnuyAyI the, parantu isase vaizAlImeM ukta prakAra niyama hone meM koI bAdhA upasthita nahI hotI / vastuta' vaizAlI, jahA jainadharmakA pracAra prArambhase adhika thA, yadi apanI sAmAjika paristhitiko naye sudhArake pracalita rivAjoMse kucha vilakSaNa rakhane meM garva kare to koI Azcarya nahIM, kyoMki yaha hamako jJAta hI hai ki licchavigaNa baDe svAtmAbhimAnI the aura vaha apane uccavaMzI janmake kAraNa sArI samAjameM apanA sira UcA rakhate the / kintu isase bhI usa samaya kI sAmAjika krAMtike astitvakA samarthana hotA hai, jisake viSayameM prAcya vidyA mahArNava sva0 mi0 hIsaDeviDsa bhI likhate hai ki usa samaya: --- "Uparake tIna varNa (brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya) to vAstava mUlame eka hI the, kyoki rAjA, saradAra aura viprAdi tIsare varNa vaizyake hI sadasya the, jinhone apaneko ucca sAmAjika padapara sthApita kara liyA thA / vastutaH aise parivartana honA jarA kaThina the parantu aise parivartanokA honA saMbhava thA / garIba manuSya rAjA - saradAra (Nobles) vana sakte the aura phira dono hI brAhmaNa hosate the / aise parivartanoMke anekoM udAharaNa granthoMme milate hai / * .... 1 dekho 'zreNikacaritra' / 2 dekho 'dI kSatriya phainsa ina buddhiSTa iDiyA ' . pRSTha 82 /

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-aura ma0 buddha ] isake atirikta brAhmaNoke kriyAkAMDake eva sarva prakArakI sAmAjika paristhitike puruSa-striyoMke paraspara sambandhake bhI udAraNa milate haiM aura yaha udAharaNa kevala ucca paristhitike hI puruSa aura nIca kanyAoMke saMbaMdhake nahIM hai, balki nIca puruSa aura ucca striyoke bhI haiN|'' ataeva vastuta. usa samaya aisI sAmAjika paristhita honA kucha acaraja bharI bAta nahIM hai| svayaM ma0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezase sAmAjika paristhitikI uljhI gutthI prAyaH sulajha gaI thii| ma0 buddhane spaSTa rItise kahA thA ki koI bhI manuSya janmase hI nIca nahIM hotA hai balki vaha dvijagaNa jo hiMsA karate nahIM hicakate haiM aura hRdayameM dayA nahIM rakhate hai, vahI nIca hai| 'vAseTThasutta' me jaba brAhmaNose vAda huA taba buddhane kahA ki "janmase brAhmaNa nahI hotA hai, na abrAhmaNa hotA hai kitu karmase brAhmaNa hotA hai aura karmase hI abrAhmaNa hotA hai / " 3 bhagavAna mahAvIrane apane anekAta tatvake rUpame isa paristhitiko vilakula hI spaSTa kara diyaa| unhone kahA ki janmase bhI brAhmaNa Adi hotA hai aura karmase bhii| AcaraNapara hI usakA mahatva avalavita batalAyA / spaSTa kahA hai ki: " saMtANakameNAgaya jIvayaNarassa godamidi saNNA / uccaM nIcaM caraNa ucca nIca have godaM // " // gomahasAra // - - 1 dekho buddhisTa iDiyA' pRSTha 55-59 / 2 suttanirAta (SBE) 117 / 3 suttanipAta (SBE ) 135 /

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14] [ bhagavAna mhaaviir| arthAt-satAna kramase cale Aye huye jIvake AcaraNakI / gotra sajJA hai| jisakA UMcA AcaraNa ho usakA ucca gotra aura / jisakA nIca AcaraNa ho usakA nIca gotra hai|" yaha nahI hai ki yadi koI vyakti nIca varName utpanna huA hai aura vaha satsaMgatiko pAkara apane AcaraNako sudhArakara unnata banA le to bhI vaha nIca banA rahe, pratyuta usake ucAcaraNI hone para usakA gotra bhI yathA samaya ucca ho jaavegaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake isa yathArtha sadezase janatAko vAstavika paristhitikA patA cala gayA aura vaha Apasake amAnuSI vyavahArako tilAJjali dekara premapUrNa vyavahAra karane para utAru ho gaI / Adhunika vidvAn bhI isa apUrva ghaTanApara Azcarya pragaTa karate haiM, kintu satyake sAmrAjyameM aisI ghaTanAokA ghaTita honA svAbhAvika hai| isa taraha usa samayakI sAmAjika paristhiti bhI isa samayase vizeSa udAra thI aura thothI DhakosalevAnIko usameM sthAna zeSa nahIM rahA thA / bhagavAna pArzvanAthake divyopadezase sAmAjika vyava - , kavi samrAT sara khondranAtha ThAkurane spaSTa zabdoMmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrake isa divya prabhAvakA mahatva svIkAra kiyA hai| dekho "bhagavAna mahAvIra" pRSTa 2715.15 .. 2 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha, bhagavAna mahAvIrake pUrvAgAmI aura jaina dharma mAne- hue 24 tIrtharoMmeM 2 the| Adhunika vidvAnoMne inako IsAse 8vIM-9vIM zatAbdikA aitihAsika vyakti svIkAra kiyA hai| 22veM tIrthakara bhagavAna neminAtha inase bahuta pahale hue the| ve zrI kRSNake samakAlIna the|

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 15 sthAmeM halacala khar3I ho gaI thI; kyoMki bhagavAna neminAthake dIrgha antarAla kAlameM - brAhmaNa saMpradAyakA prAbalya adhika bar3ha gayA thA aura cipragaNa apane svArthamaya uddezyoMkI pUrtime manuSya samAjake prAraMbhika svatvoMko apaharaNa kara cuke the| isa dazA meM jaba bhagavAna pArzvanAthane janatAko vastusthiti batalAI to usake kAna khaDe ho gaye, aura usameMse prabhAvazAlI vyakti agADI Akara-brAhmaNoM dvArA pracalita sAmAyika vyavasthAke viruddha logoko upadeza dene lage / phalataH eka sAmAjika krAtisI upasthita huI / jisakA zamana ma0 buddha aura phira pUrNataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ke apUrva upadezase huA / jina sudhAroMkI AvazyaktA thI, vaha sugamatAse pUrNa hue aura manupyomeM ApasI bheda adhika bar3ha rahe the unakA anta huA / tatkAlIna jaina aura bauddha vivaraNotro dhyAna pUrvaka par3hanese yahI paristhiti prati bhASita hotI hai / sacamuca isa samaya bhI AryatvakI rakSA ke liye bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya sadezako digantavyApI banAnekI AvazyaktA hai / manuSya samAja usase vizeSa lAbha uThA saktA hai / jisa taraha hama sAmAjika paristhitike sambandhameM dekhate haiM ki usa samaya usame eka krAntisI upasthita thI; ThIka yahI dazA dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM horahI thI / sarvatra azAntikA sAmrAjya thA / IsAse pUrva AThavIM zatAvdi meM bhagavAna pArzvanAthane jo upadeza diyA usakA jo prabhAvakArI phala huA usakA digdarzana hama Upara kara cuke haiM / sacamuca logoko rAjyanaitika aura sAmAjika svata nAke usa samRddhazAlI jamAneme apane asalI svAdhInatA - AtmasvAtaMtryako prApta karanekI dhuna savAra hogaI thI aura vaha pracalita

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16 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra 2 thothe kriyAkANDoko heya dRSTi se dekhane lage the / isa dazAme usa samaya dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM do vibhAga spaSTataH najara Ate the / eka to prAcIna kriyAyoM aura yajJa rItiyoMkA kAyala brAhmaNa varga thA aura dUsarA navIna sudhArako samakSa lAnevAlA 'samaNa' (bhramaNa) dala thI / yaha dvitIya dala aneka pratizAkhAoM meM vistRta milatA thA / jaina zAstra inakI saMkhyA tIna sau tresaTha batalAte haiM, parantu bauddha sirpha tresaTha hI, isa matabhedakA niSkarSa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya aneka vividha paMtha pracalita the / sAmAjika krAMtike dauradaureme jo koI bhI brAhmaNake viruddha kitane bhI lacara siddhAtoko lekara khaDA ho jAtA thA, usIko loga apanAne lagate the / vizeSakara kSatriya varNa aise virodhakoMkA sahAyaka bana rahA thA aura vaha unake liye maMdira, ArAma Adi bhI banavA detA thA / * 4 prathama brAhmaNa varga vizeSakara yajJa kriyAoM aura pazu bali dAnako mukhyatA detA thA aura unameM jo vizeSa unnati kie hue parivrAjaka loga the, jinakI upaniSad Adi racanAyeM prasiddha haiM, vaha jJAna aura dhyAnako hI AtmasvAtaMtryake liye Avazyaka samajhate the / " RpigaNa bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke pahilese hI balidAna 1 suttanipAta (S. B. E. Int10) XII. 2 agapaNNanti gAthA na0 73 / 3 suttanipAta ( S. B. E ) 538 / 4 sAnDarsa gautamabuddha pRSTha 17 / 5 sAkhnasUtra 2124, nyAyasUtra 1-1-1, aura peze patrasUtra *1-1--4 /

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 17 poSaka viproke sAtha 2 cale Arahe the / antataH bhagavAna pArzvanAthake upadezako sunakara inameM se bhI RSigaNa alaMga hokara apanI svataMtra AmnAya "Ajovaka" nAmaka banA cuke the'| inakI gaNanA dUsare dala meM kI jAtI hai / yaha dUsarA dala jJAna aura dhyAnake sAtha 2 cAritrako vizeSa Adara detA thI / isakI mAnyatA thI ki vinA cAritrake manuSya Atmonnati kara hI nahIM saktA hai / isa dalake prakhyAta pravartakoM kI saMkhyA ma0 buddhane apane sivAya chaha batalAI hai / inako vaha 'titthiya' kahate the / inake nAma isa taraha batAye gaye hai (1) pUrNakAzyapa (2) maskari gozA liputra ( makkhali gozAla) (3) sajayavairatthI putra (4) ajitakezakambali (5) pakuDhakAtyAyana aura (6) niganthanAtaputta ( mahAvIra ) / aura yaha pratyeka apane 2 "saghake netA, gaNAcArya, tIrthakara, tatvavettArUpame vizeSa prakhyAt, manuSyoM dvArA pUjya anubhavazIla aura dIrgha Ayuke samana (zramaNa) "* batalAye gae haiM / inameM ma0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra vizeSa prakhyAta hai / ataeva inake viSaya me khAsI taurapara paricaya pAnekA prayatna nimna pRSThoM kiyA jAyagA, parantu zeSake pAMca matapravartakoMke viSayame bhI yahAM para kiMcita jJAna prApta kara lenA burA nahI hai / pahale pUrNakAzyapake viSayameM batalAyA gayA hai ki vaha nagna zramaNa thauM / nagna zramaNa vaha kaise huA isake liye eka aTapaTI 1 bherA "bhagavAna mahAvIra" pRTha 177-179 / 2 jaise maM0' buddhakA 'madhye mArga (mahAvagA 1-6) aura jainiyoM kA 'mokSamArga ( tatvArthatra 1 - 1 ) 3 divyAvadAna pR0 143 | 4 dIghanikAya prathama bhAga pRSTha 47-49 // 5 marA "bhagavAna mahAvIra" pR0 184 | 2

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18] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrakathA milatI hai| jisa para vizvAsa karaneko jI nahIM caahtaa| vastutaH usa kAlameM nagnatva sAdhupanekA eka-cihna mAnA jAne lagA thA, jaise hama agADI dekheMge, parantu yahAMpara isase yaha spaSTa hai ki isa samaya jo. nagna zramaNa jaise pUrNakAzyapa, makkhali gozAla Adi milate the vaha nagnabheSa isI janamAnyatAke anusAra grahaNa kiye huye the / bauddhagranthameM pUraNake viSayameM yahI kahA gayA hai ki pUraNane vastra grahaNa karanese isIlie inkAra kara diyA thA ki nagna dazAmeM usakI mAnyatA vizeSa hogii| astu ("Pumara Kassapa declined accepting clothes thinking that as a Digambara le would be better respected. " Ind. Ant : Vol. IX. P. 162 ). pUrNakAzyapa evaM anya cAroM mata. pravartaka bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhase AyumeM baDe the|' aura yaha apaneko tIrthakara kahate the, usakA kAraNa zAyada yaha thA ki bhagavAna pArzvanAthake uparAMta eka tIrthaGkarakA janma lenA aura avazeSa thA isaliye yaha loga apaneko hI tIrthadara prakTa varane lage the|' ina nAmadhArI tIrthakSaroMme kevala nigrantha nAtaputta (mahAvIra) ko chor3akara zeSa sabakA tIvra khaNDana bauddha granthomeM kiyA gayA hai| vahA pUrNakAzyapakI mAnyatAoMkA ullekha hameM yaha milatA hai ki "manuSya jo kArya svayaM karatA hai athavI dUsarese karavAtA hai, vaha usakI AtmA nahIM karatI hai aura na karavAtI hai| (evam akAryu appA) / " isa apekSA na aura bauddha dona ne isake matakI gaNanA 1 hisTaoNrIkla lIningasa pR011-301 2 Tekho hamArA 'bhA vAna mahAvIra pRSTha 185 / / 3 hiTaeNrIva la nlIniHg pRSTha 17-1814 sUtrarAGga 1-1-13

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [19 'akriyAvAda meM kI hai| yadyapi digambara zAstra 'darzanasAra ' meM maskari gozAli putra ( makkhaligozAla) aura pUrNakAzyapako eka vyakti mAnakara inake matakI gaNanA 'ajJAnavAda meM kI hai| isa matabhedakA kAraNa anyatra dekhanA caahiye| pUrNakAzyapakI isaprakAra AtmAke niSkriyapanekI mAnyatAkA AdhAra brAhmaNa RSi bhAradvAja aura naciketoMke siddhAntameM khyAla kiyA jAtA hai; yadyapi zve0 TikAkAra zIlA kAzyapake siddhAntokI sAdRzyatA sAMkhyamatase batalAtA hai| (dekho prI0 buddhisTaka inDiyana philAsaphI pRSTha 279 ) parantu yadi hama bhagavAna pArzvanAthake upadeza para dRSTi DAleM to hama jAna jAte hai ki kAzyapane bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI nizcayanayakA mahatva bhulAkara kevala eka pakSa kevala apane matakI pupTI kI thii| nizcayanayakI apekSA mUlameM AtmA.saba sAMsArika kriyAyose vilaga hai, yahI bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA upadeza thA / ataeva phAzyapa para unhIMka upadezakA prabhAva par3anA caahie| isake bAda dUsare matapravartaka makkhaligozAlathe / yaha bhI nagna rahate the| yaha pahale bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI ziSyaparaMparAke eka muni the; parantu nisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM inakI niyukti gaNadharapada para nahIM huI to yaha ruSTa hokara zrAvastImeM Akara AjIvakoMke sampradAyake netA bana gaye aura apaneko tIrtha* .' - hisTaoNrikala glIningasa pRSTha 36 / ' 2-isakA kyA kAraNa hai, isake lie hamArA lekha "vIra" varSa / ke jayaMtI aMka' aura 'digambara jaina' ke vIra ni0 saM0 2452 ke vizeSAMkameM dekhanA cAhiye /

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20] / bhagavAna mahAvIrakara batalAkara yaha upadeza dene lage ki jJAnase mokSa nahIM hotA, ajJAnase hI mokSa hotA hai| deva yA Izvara koI hai hI nhiiN| isalie svecchApUrvaka zUnyakA dhyAna karanA caahiye|'bhaavsNgrh' nAmaka prAcIna di0 jaina granthameM isake viSayameM yahI kahAgayA hai, parantu yahAM para kisI kAraNavaza maskari aura pUraNakA ullekha eka sAtha kiyA hai, ' yathA. "masaryari-pUraNArisiNo uppaNNo pAsaNAhatitthammi / sirivIra samavazaraNe agahiyajhuNiNA niyatteNa ||176|| vahiNiggaeNa uttaM majjhaM eyaarsaaNgdhaariss| Niggai jhuNI Na, aruho Niggaya vissAsa sIsassa // 17 // Na muNai jiNakahiya suyaM saMpai dikkhAya gahiya goymo| vippo veyabhAsI tamhA mokkhaM Na NANAo // 178 // agNANAo mokkhaM evaM loyANa payaDamANo hu / devo aNatthi koI suNNaM jhAeha icchAe // 172 // ___ isake atirikta 'darzanasAra' aura 'gommaTasAra jIvakANDa' me bhI makkhaligozAlakI ajJAnamatame gaNanA kI hai| bauddhoke samanna phalasuttame bhI gozAlakI isa mAnyatAkA ullekha isa prakAra milatA hai ki 'ajJAnI aura jJAnavAna saMsArame bhramaNa karate hue samAna rItise, dukhakA anta karate hai' (sandhAvitvA saMsaritvA. duHkhassA 1 isa sabake liye ukta lekha aura hamArI pustaka 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' meM 'makkha gozIle aura pUraNa vAyA zIrSaka pariccheda dekhanA cAhiya /

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-aura ma. vuddha] [21 ntam krissnti)|' pAtAaline bhI apane pANanisUtrake bhASyameM gozAlake sambandhameM kucha aisA hI siddhAnta nirdiSTa kiyA hai| vahAM likhA hai ki vaha 'maskari' kevala bAMsakI char3I hAthameM leneke kAraNa nahIM kahalAtA thA; pratyuta isalie ki vaha kahatA thA-" kama mata karo, karma mata karo, kevala zAnti hI vAJchanIya hai / " (mA kata karmANi, mA kRta karmANi ityaadi)| 'isataraha makkhaligozAlakI mAnyatA thI, parantu antameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya upadezake dhavala prakAzameM makkhaligozAlakA mahattva jAtA rahA aura vaha eka pAgalakI bhAMti mRtyuko prApta huaa| zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM ise bhagavAna mahAvIrakA zipya batalAyA hai, parantu yaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra chadmastha avasthAmeM upadeza dete * athavA bolate nahIM the, yaha svaya zvetAmbara zAstra prakaTa karate haiM / aisI dazAmeM usa avasthAmeM gozAlakA bhagavAnakA ziSya honA asaMgata hai| zve0 ke isa mithyA kathanake AdhArase logoMkA khyAla hai ki mahAvIrajIne gozAlase bahuta kucha sIkhA thA aura vaha nagna isIke dekhAdekhI huye the, paratu aisI vyAkhyAyeM nirI nirmUla haiM, yaha hama anyatra batA cuke haiN| ( vIra varSa 3 aMka 12-13 svayaM zve0 grantha bhagavatIsUtrameM kahA gayA hai ki jaba gozAla mahAvIrajIse milA thA taba vaha vastra pahane hue thA aura jaba 1 hisTaoNrIkala glIningasa pRSTha 39 / 2 AjIviksa prathama bhAga pRra 12 / 3 hamArA 'bhagavAna mahAvIra ' pRSTha 179 / 4 dI hArTa oNpha jainIma pRSTha 60 / 5 "bhagavatIsUtra 15 / 6 AcArAgasUtra (S. B.E ) pRSTha 80-87

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- 22] [ bhagavAna mahAvIramahAvIrajIne use ziSya banAyA taba usane vastrAdi utArakara pheMka diye the| (dekho upAzakadazAsutra Biblo Ind. kA 'pariziSTa) isa dagAmeM mahAvIrajI para gozAlakA prabhAva par3A khyAla karanA korA khyAla hI hai| tIsare saMjayavairatthIputrako bauddhazAstromeM moggalAna (maudgalAyana) aura sArIputtakA guru vatalAyA gayA hai| uparAnta saMjayake yaha dono zipya bauddhadharmameM dIkSita hogaye the| maudalAyanake viSayameM hame zrI amitagati AcAryake nimna zlokase vidita hotA hai ki yaha pahile jaina muni thA: "ruSTaH zrIvIranAthasya tapasvI mauddilaaynH| . ziSyaH zrIpArzvanAthasya vidadhe buddhadarzanam // 6 // zuddhodanasutaM buddhaM paramAtmAnamabravIt / " arthAta-"pArzvanAthakI ziSyaparamparAmeM mauDilAyana nAmakA tapasvI thA / usane mahAvIra bhagavAnase ruSTa hokara buddhadarzanako calAyA aura zuddhodanake putra buddhako paramAtmA kahA " zlokake isa kathanapara zAyada katipaya pAThaka aitarAja kareM, kyoMki bauDadarzanake saMsthApaka to svayaM ma0 buddha the, parantu bauddha zAstromeM mauDilAyana (maudgalAyana) aura sArIputta vizeSa prakhyAt the aura ve bauddhadharmake utkaTa pracAraka the, aisA lekha hai / isa apekSA yadi maudgalAyanako hI bauddhadarzanakA pravartaka batalAyA gayA hai, to kucha atyukti nahI hai| svayaM bauddha granthoM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambandhameM aisI hI galtI kIgaI hai| unameM eka sthAna para unakA ullekha 'aggivesana' , mahAvagga / / 23-24 / 2 hisTaoNkilaglIniMgsa pRSTha 45 // - -

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-aura ma0 buddha (agnivaizyAyana)ke nAmase kiyA hai, parantu hama jAnate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA gotra kAzyapa thA aura unake gaNadhara sudharmAsvAmIkA agnivaizyAyana gotra thaa| isa taraha mahAvIrajIke ziSyakI gotra apekSA unakA ullekha karake bauddhAcArya ne bhI jainAcAryakI bhAMti galtI kI hai| ataeva isameM saMzaya nahIM ki maudgalAyana bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI ziSyaparaMparAkA eka jainamuni thaa| jainagranthomeM inake gurukA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai, parantu bauddhazAstra inake gurUkA nAma saMjaya athavA saMnayavairatthIputra* batalAte hai / jainazAstromeM bhI hameM isa nAmake eka jaina munikA astitva usa samaya milatA hai / yaha cAraNaRhidhArI muni the aura inako katipaya zaGkAyeM thIM jo bhagavAna mahAvIrake darzana karate hI dUra hogaI thIM / zvetAmbaroMke uttarAdhyayana sUtrameM bhI eka saMjaya nAmaka jaina munikA ullekha hai| aisI avasthAmeM jaina muni maudgalAyanake gurU saMjayakA jainamuni honA bilkula sabhava hai aura yaha saMbhavataH cAraNaRddhidhArI muni saMjaya hI the| isakI puSTi do tarahase hotI hai| pahile to saMjayakI zikSAyeM jo bauddhazAstromeM aMkita haiM vaha jainiyoMke syAdvAda siddhA 1 janasUtra (S. B.E.) bhAga 2 XXI * bauddha zAstroM meM saMjaya rathIputra aura sajaya parivrAjaka nAmaka do vyaktiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vidvAnoMko sazaya hai ki yaha donoM eka vyakti the| kintu mahAvastu (III P. 59) meM ina donoM vyaktiyoM ko eka hI batalAyA hai / ataeva yahA parivrAjakake artha sAdhAraNa vicarate hue bhikSuke samajhanA cAhiye / isI bhAva, yaha zabda pahale vyavahRta hotA thaa| dekho hisTaoNrIkala glInisa pRSTha 9 2mahAvIra caritra pRSTha 255 13 uttarAdhyayana (S. B. E.) pRSTha 82 // -

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24] [ bhagavAna mahAvArantakI vikRta rUpAntara hI haiN| isase isa bAtakA samarthana hotA hai ki syAdvAdasiddhAnta bhagavAna mahAvIrase pahilekA hai, jaise ki jeniyoMkI mAnyatA hai; aura usako saMjayane pArdhanAthakI ziSya paraMparAke kisI munise sIkhA thA, parantu vaha usako ThIka taurase na samajha sakA aura vikRta rUpameM hI usakI ghoSaNA karatA rhaa| jainazAstra bhI avyakta rUpame isI vAtakA ullekha karate haiM. arthAt vaha kahate haiM ki sanayako zaGkAyeM thIM jo bhagavAna mahAvIrake darzana karanese dara hogii| yadi yaha vAta isa taraha nahI thI to phira bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 vuddhake samayameM itane prakhyAta matapravatakakA kyA huA, yaha kyoM nahIM vidita hotA? isalie hama jaina mAnyatAko vizvasanIya pAte haiM aura dekhate hai ki saMjaya vairatthI putra, no moggalAna (modgalAyana) ke gurU the yaha jaina muni sajaya hI the| dUsarI ora isa vyAkhyAkI puSTi isa taraha bhI hotI hai ki ina saMnayakI zikSAkI sAdRzyatA yUnAnI tatvavettA parrahokI zikSAoMse batalAI gaI hai| eka tarahase donomeM samAnatA hai aura isa paihone namnosUphiTsa sUphiyoMse, jo IsAse pUrvakI cauthI zatAbdimeM yUnAnI logoMko bhAratake uttara pazcimIya bhAgameM mile the, yaha zikSA grahaNakI thii| yaha jaimnosUphiTsa tatvavettA nirgrantha digambara sAdhuoMke atirikta aura koI nahIM the| yUnAniyoMne ina jaina sAdhuoMkA nAma 'jaimnosUphiTsa' rakkhA thA, ataeva jaina sAdhuoMse zikSA pAye huye 1'samannaphalasutta' 'DAyolaoNgsa oNpha buddha' (8. B. B.Vel II) 2 hisTaoNrakala glIniMgsa pRSTha 42 / 3 hisTaoNrIkalaglInigasa pRSTha 42 / 4 insAlopeDiyA beTenikA bhAga 15 /

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[25 -aura ma0 buddha] yUnAnI tatvavettA pairraho kI zikSAoMse ukta saMjayakI zikSAoMkA sAmaJjasya baiTha jAnA, hamArI ukta vyAkhyAkI puSTimeM eka aura spaSTa pramANa hai| isa taraha yaha tIsare prakhyAta matapravartaka jaina muni the isameM saMzaya nahIM hai, ataeva inakI gaNanA 'ajJAnamata'meM nahIM hosaktI. aura na yaha kahA nA saktA hai ki inakI zikSAoMkA saMskRtarUpa - bhagavAna mahAvIrakA syAhAda siddhAnta hai; jaise ki katipaya vidvAn khayAla karate haiN| 22730 . cauthe mata pravartaka ajita kezakambali the| yaha vaidika kriyAkANDake kaTTara virodhI-the aura punarjanma siddhAntako asvIkAra karate the| inakA mata thA ki.loka pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyukA .samudAya hai aura AtmA pugalake kImayAI-DhaMgakA pariNAma hai| ina cAroM cIjoMke vighaTate hI vaha bhI vighaTa jAtA hai / isalie vaha kahatA thA ki nIva aura zarIra eka haiM ("tam jIvo tam sarIram ") aura prANiyoMkI hisA karanA duSkarma nahIM hai / isakI isa zikSAmeM bhI jaina siddhAntake.vyavahAranaya apekSA AtmA aura pudgalake samizraNakA vikRtarUpa najara AtA hai / bhagavAna- pArzvanAthane isa siddhAntakA pratipAdana kiyA thA hI, usahIke AdhAra para ajitane apane isa siddhAMtakA nirUpaNa kiyA, jisake anusAra hisA karanA bhI burA nahIM thaa| vidvAna loga ajitako hI bhAratameM kevala pugalavAdakA Adi pracAraka khyAla karate haiN| cArvAka maMtakI sRSTi 1 anasutra (S. B.E.) bhAga 2. bhUmikA XXVII. : 2.hisTaoNrIkalagnIniMgsa pRSTha 35 // 3 anasUtra (S. B.-E.) bhAga 2 bhUmikA XXIII.

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26] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraajitake siddhAntoke vala huI ho to Azcarya nahIM ! (dekho prI0 buddhisTika inDiyana philAsaphI pRSTa 288) / pAMcaveM matapravartaka pakuDakAtyAyana the / 'praznopaniSada' meM inako brAhmaNa Rpi pippalAdakA samakAlIna batalAyA gayA hai aura yaha brAhmaNa the / * inakI mAnyatA thI ki 'asattAmeMse kucha bhI utpanna nahIM hotA aura jo hai usakA nAza nahIM hotA / ' (sato nacci vinaso, asato nacci sambhavo / sUtrakRtAGga 2-1-22) isa anurUpameM inane sAta sanAtana tatva batalAye; yathA.(1) pRthvI (2) jala (3) agni (8) vAyu (5) sukha, (6) duHkha aura (7) AtmA, inhIM sAtake sammilana aura vicchedase jIvana vyavahAra hai| sammilana sukhatatvase hotA hai aura viccheda dukhatatvase / isa kAraNa inakA paraspara eka dUsare para kucha prabhAva hai nahIM, jisase kisI vyaktiko khAsa nuksAna pahuMcAnA bhI muzkila hai| pakuDakI prathama mAnyatA sAkhya, vaizeSika, vedAta, upaniSadha, jaina aura bauddhoMke anurUpa hai| yadyapi atima kucha aTapaTe hI DhaMgakA vivecana hai| yaha zIta jalameM jIva honA bhI mAnate the| ' ina mata pravartakomeM hama isa bAtakA khAsa uddezya dekhate haiM ki vaha puNya-pApako meTakara hiMsAvAdakI puSTi karate hai| mabuddhane bhI mRtapazuoMke mAMsa khAnekA niSedha nahIM kiyA, jaise ki hama agADI dekheNge| astu, isase jainadharmakA inase pahile astitva pramA *prI bubisTika inDiyana philAsaphI 'pRSTa 28 / 1 jainasUtra (S. B. E.) bhAga 2-bhUmikA XXIV. 2 hisTaoNrIkalaglIniMgsa pRSTha 34 / 3 jainastra (S. B. E.) bhAga 2 bhUmikA XXIV.

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11 . -aura ma0 buddha ] [27 Nita hotA hai| arthAt bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI ziSyaparamparAke RSigaNa bhI isa samaya maujUda the aura unhone jo ahisAmaI syAhAdakara saMyukta dharma pratipAdana kiyA thA usase loga bhar3aka gaye the, parantu ve sahasA apanI mAsalipsAkA moha nahIM tyAga sake the| isI kAraNa unhone bhagavAna pArzvanAthake upadezako vikRtarUpa dekara apanI jihvAlampaTatAke uddezyakI siddhi kI thI* yahAM taka ki aise tApasa * sacamuca jainadharmake divya upadezase prabhAvita ho yaha matapravartaka bhagavAna mahAvIrake pahilese vikRtarUpa meM apane manonukUla dharmakA pracAra kara rahe the: isakA spaSTa samarthana bhAdhunika vidvAna bhI karate dRSTa par3ate haiM / sva0 jemsa De'lisa sAhavake lekhase spaSTa hai ki 'digambara' eka prAcIna saMpradAya samajhA jAtA thA bhaura uparoktalikhita matapravartakoMke siddhAntopara jainadharmakA prabhAva paDA najara par3atA hai| (In James d Alwis' paper ( Ind. Anti: VIII.) on the six Tirthakas the "Diyambaias" appear to bave been regarded as an old order of ascetics and all of these horetical teachers betray the influence of Jaluism in their doctrines." Ind. Ant. Vol. IX. P. 161). yahI bAta jainadarzanadivAkara DaoN. harmana jaikobI bhI prakaTa karate mAlUma par3ate haiM yathA "The preceding four Tirthakas appear all to have adopted some or other doctrines or practices, which wakes part of the Jaina System,. probably from the Jains themselves. ....It ap. pears from the preceding remarks thut Jaina idens and practices must have been current at the time of Mahavira and independently of him,

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28] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrabhI maujUda the jo varSabharake lie eka hAthIko mArakara rakha chor3ate the aura usI dvArA udarapUrti karate hue sAdhu honekI hAmI bharate the| sArAMzataH yaha prakaTa hai ki usa samaya dhArmika pravRtti bhI bar3I hI nAjuka avasthAmeM ho rahI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake samaya uparokta mata pravartakoM dvArA isakA sudhAra nahIM ho pAyA thaa| pariNAmataH isa sAmAjika aura dhArmika krAntike avasara para ma* buddhane paristhitiko bahuta kucha sudhArA aura phira bhagavAna mahAvIrake divyopadezase janatA-yathArthatAko pAgaI aura apanI sukhasamRddhazAlI dazAmeM sAmAjika udAratA aura Atmika svAdhInatAke sukha-svapnameM lIna hogaI / ataeva ninake pRSThomeM hama tulanAtmaka rItise ma0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvanoM aura unake siddhAntoMpara ekadRSTi ddaaleNge| Get - - - - - - This Combined with other arguments, leads us to the opinion that the Nirgranthas were really in existence long before Mahavira, who was the reformer of the already existing sect. " (Ind. Ant. Vol. IX. P. 162). 1 jaina satra (stravATa 2-5-52 S. B.E.) pRSTha 498 /

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aura ma0 vuddha ] [29 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakA prAraMbhika jiivn| * IsAse pUrvakI chaThI zatAbdike bhAratameM jo krAnti upasthita thI usake zamana karaneke liye hI mAno bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakA zubhAgamana huA thaa| yaha dono hI mahAnubhAva ikSvAka vaMzIya kSatriyoke gRhameM avatIrNa huye the|' yadyapi donoM hI yugapradhAna puruSa hama Apa jaise manuSya the; parantu apane pUrvabhavomeM vizeSa puNya upArjana karaneke kAraNa unake jIvana sAdhAraNa manuSyose kucha adhikatA liye huye the / yahI bAta bauddha aura jaina grantha pragaTa karate hai| bauddhazAstra kahate haiM ki jisa samaya maM0 buddhakA janma huA usa samaya katipaya alokika ghaTanAyeM ghaTita huI thI aura jaba ve apanI mAtAke garbha meM Aye the taba unakI mAtAne zubha svama dekhe the| bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSayameM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jaba ve apanI mAtAke garbhame Aye the taba unakI mAtAne solaha zubha svapna dekhe the jinake sAMketika arthase evaM usa samaya svargalokake devagaNoM dvArA utsava manAnese yaha jJAta hogayA thA ki aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma zIghra hI hogaa| caitra zuklA trayodazIke rona java unakA janma huA taba dizAyeM nirmala hogaI thIM, samudra stabdha / 1 buddha jIvana (3. B.E XIX) pRSTa 5-10 bhaaura jainasutra (S. BE.) bhAga 1 pRSTha 141 / 2 buddha jIvana (S. B. E. XIX) pRSTa 5-10 /

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[bhagavAna mahAvIra hogayA thA, pRthvI kiMcit hila gaI thI aura saba jIvoMko kSaNabharake lie parama zAtikA anubhava mila gayA thaa| isa samaya bhI eva anya dIkSA dhAraNa, kevalajJAna prApti aura mokSalAbhake avasaroMpara bhI devagaNoMne Akara utsava manAye the|' ma. buddhakA pUrNa nAma gautamabuddha thA aura vaha siddhArthake nAmase bhI jJAta the, kintu unakI prakhyAti Ajakala kevala ma buddhake nAmase horahI hai| yadyapi vastutaH yaha unakA eka vizeSaNa hI hai, jaise bhagavAna mahAvIrako tIrthakara batalAnA / bauddhadharmameM buddha zabdakA prayoga isI taraha huA hai jisa taraha 'tIrthakara' zabdakA vyavahAra jainadharma meM hotA hai / tathApi jisa taraha jaina zAstroMmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrake pUrvabhavoMkA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai-usI taraha ma0 gautama buddhake bhI pUrvabhavakI kathAyeM bauddha sAhityameM "jAtaka kathAoM" ke nAmase vikhyAta haiM / ma0 buddhane bhI tiryazca, manupya,deva Adi kitanI hI yoniyoMmeM jIvana vyatIta karake antataH deva yonise cayakara rAjA zuddhodanake yahAM janma dhAraNa kiyA thA / kahA jAtA hai ki isa ghaTanAse bIsa 'masaMkhya-kapa-lakSa' arthAt vuddha hone ke 'manoparinidAna' se apane janmataka buddhane tIsa 'pArimitAoM' kA pUrNa pAlana kiyA thA, taba hI vaha buddha huye the| yaha pArimitAyeM' mUlameM dasa haiM; parantu sAdhAraNa, ura aura paramArthaka bhedase-ve hI tIsa - prakArakI hai| buha padako prApta honeke lie unakA pAlana kara,lenA Avazyaka hai| ve yaha haiM, (1) dAnapArimitA-cauddhoMke tIna prakA 1 uttarapurANa pRSTa -605-614 bhaura jainasUtra (S. RE) mAga pRTa-210-270 /

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [31 rakA dAna denA, * (2) zIlapArimitA-bauddha vratokA pAlana karanA, (3) naisakarmapArimitA-saMsArase virakta hokara tyAgAvasthAkA abhyAsa karanA, (4) prajJApArimitA- buddhise prApta guNoMko pragaTa karanA, (5) vIryapArimitA-dRr3ha vIratvako pragaTa karanevAlA sAhasa, (6) zAnti pArimitA--utkRSTa prakArakI sahanazIlatA, (7) sattapArimitA-satya bhASaNa; (8) adiSTAna pArimitA-dRr3ha-pratijJAkI pUrNatA; (9) maitrI pArimitA-prema aura dayAkA vyavahAra karanA, (10) aura upekSA pArimitA-zatru mitrapara samAna bhAva rakhanA / ma0 buddhane-apane pUrvabhavoM meM inake- abhyAsameM kamAla hAsila kara liyA thA, yaha bAta bauddha zAstroM meM kahI gaI hai| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki buddha devalokameM adhika nahIM Thaharate the-vaha apane uddezya prAptike lie manuSya bhavako hI bAra2 prApta karanekA prayatna karate the kyoMki devalokameM rahakara vaha apane uddezyakI prApti nahIM kara sakte the / jainadharma meM bhI paramArtha sAdhana aura sarvajJapada pAneke lie manuSyabhava lAnamI batalAyA gayA hai| parantu vahAM tIrthaGkarapada pAneke lie nidAna bAMdhanA Ava. zyaka nahIM hai| jaisA ki gautamabuddhane buddhapada pAneke lie apane eka pUrvabhavameM kiyA thA / nidAna bAMdhanA jaina dharmameM eka nikRSTa kriyA hai| jabaki bauddha dharmameM vaha aisI nahIM mAnI gaI hai| pArimitAoMka netrama, rakta bhAdi zarIra- avayavoMkA denA sAdhAraNa dAna hai| yaha prathama prakArakA dAna mauna dharmameM batalAyA gayA hai / dUsare prakArakA dAna saMtAna bI, ghoDe, pazudhana, pRthivI, hIrA,javAhigata adiko denA hai| yaha pahilese rattama hai aura tIsarA sarvottama dAnaM prANokI paravA na karake zarIrako pazuoM yA rAkSasoko bhakSaNa karane denA hai / (Manual of Buddhisni. P. 102). 25

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32 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvora sAtha 2 buddha padako pAneke lie nimnake ATha guNa bhI use vyakti meM honA Avazyaka hai: - (1) vaha manuSya honA cAhiye, na ki deva / isI liye bodhisat (buddhapada pAnekA icchuka ) dasa zIla tratoMko pAlana karate haiM ki usake phala svarUpa vaha manuSyakA janma dhAraNa kareM, (2) vaha puruSa honA cAhiye, na ki strI: * (3) unakA puNya itanA prabala honA cAhiye, jisase ve arhat ho sakeM: (4) yaha avasara bhI usako mila cukA ho jisameM usane eka paramotkRSTa buddhakI upAsanA kI ho aura unameM pUrNa zraddhA rakkhI ho; (5) virakta- gRhatyAga avasthAmeM rahanA Avazyaka hai, (6) dhyAna Adi kriyAyoMke sAdhana se prApta phalakA vaha adhikArI honA cAhie, (7) use vizvAsa honA cAhie ki jisa vuddhase vaha bAtacIta (Communicates) karatA hai vaha zokase pare hai aura vaha svayaM usa dazAko prApta hogA, (8) aura use buddha pada prAptike nimitta dRDha nizcaya karanA caahie| ina ATha guNoko bhI gautamabuddhane prApta kiyA thA / isI kAraNa vaha buddhapadake adhikArI huye the / (Haidy's Maunal of Buddhism, P. P. 101-106). apane vessantarabhavase vaha devalokake tusita vimAname santutusita nAmaka deva huye the / vahAM vaha bar3I vibhUti sahita 17 koTi 60 lAkha varSa taka rahe the, yaha bauddha zAstra pragaTa karate hai / isa aMtarAlake anta meM jaba devoMne jAnA ki eka buddhakA janma hogA aura * digambara jaina zAstra bhI tIrtha karapadake liye puruSaliMga hI Avazyaka " batalAte haiN| hAM, zvatAvara striyoMko bhI isa padakA adhikArI pragaTa karate haiM, parantu unakI isa mAnyatAkA nirsana di0 zAMkhoM meM ucita rIti se kiyA huA milatA hai| bauddhoMkI ukta mAnyatA bhI divmatakI poSaka hai /

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [33 vaha santutusita haiM to ve saba inake pAsa jAkara buddhapadako dhAraNa karaneke lie kahane lage / isapara buddhane vahAM 'paMca mahAvilokana' kiye arthAt ina pAMca bAtoMko jAnA ki (1) usa samaya manuSyakI Ayu 100 varSakI thI, jo buddhapadake lie upayukta kAla thA, (2) buddha jambUdvIpameM janma lete hai, (3) madhya maNDala athavA magadhakA pradeza uttama kSetra hai, x (4) usa samaya kSatriya varNa pradhAna thA, isalie usame janma lenA ucita hai, (9) aura rAjA zuddhodanakI rAnI mahAmAyAke mRtyu divasase 307 dina pahile unake garbhame unako pahuca jAnA cAhiye / isa taraha ina pAMca bAtoMko jAnakara unane niyata samayame rAjA zuddhodanakI rAnI mahAmAyAke garbha meM padArpaNa kiyA aura phira unakA janma huA, yaha hama Upara dekha cuke haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIrane tIrthakara pada prApta karaneke lie vaisA koI nidAna nahI vAdhA thA jaisA ki ma0 buddhako karanA par3A thaa| hAM, yaha avazya hai ki jainadharmame bhI khAsa bhAvanAyeM aura vizeSa guNa tIrthakara pada prApta karaneke lie Avazyaka batalAye gaye hai| ina khAsa bhAvanAo aura guNoke ArAdhanase usa puruSake ' tIrthakara nAmakarma ' nAmaka karmakA baMdha hotA hai, jisase vaha svabhAvataH usa paramapadako prApta karatA hai| zrI tatvArthasUtranImeM isa sambandhameM yahI kahA gayA hai| yathAH x jaina zAstroMmeM bhI tIrthakaroMkI janmabhUmiyA gaMgA aura jamunAke madhya pradezameM hI batAI gaI hai, kintu unakA yaha kathana hai ki tIrthakara sadaiva kSatrIya vaMzama hI janma lete haiM /

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38] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrazuddhodana unhIke upAsaka ho| DaoN0 sTIvensana sAhaba isa hI matakI puSTi apane " kalpasUtra aura naktatva " kI bhUmikAmeM karate hai| isake sAtha hI rAjA zuddhodanake gRhameM jainadharmakI mAnyatA thI isakI puSTi bauddhagrantha 'lalitavistara 'ke isa kathanase bhI hotI hai ki 'bAlyAvasthAme buddha zrIvatsa, svastikA, nandyAvarta aura vartamAna yaha cinha apane zIzapara dhAraNa karatA thaa|'' iname pahile tIna cinha to kramaza gautalanAtha, supArzvanAtha aura arhanAtha nAmaka jaina tIrthakaroMke cinha hai aura atima varDamAna svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nAma hai / ataeva yaha kahA jAsaktA hai ki rAjA zuddhodana bhagavAna pArzvanAthake tIrthake jaina zramaNoMke bhakta the / inhIM jena zramaNokI upAsanA bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA rAjA siddhArtha kiyA karate the|" isa prakAra donoM samakAlIna yugapradhAna puruSoMke pitRkulakA vivaraNa hai| jainIjma-dI bhaphaiitha oNpha ashok| 2 jainasutra (S. B.E) bhAga : pR0 194|av yaha vilkula pramANita hocukA hai ki jainadharmakA astitva bhagavAna mahAvIrake pahile bhI thaa| bauddha granyoM meM isakA ullekha 'nigantha ke dharmarUpameM kiyA gayA hai, vaha isakA sAkSI hai| jaise ki DaoN. jaikovIne jaina sUtroMkI (S. B.E.) bhUmikAme pramANita kiyA hai / muttanipAta (S. B. E.) kI bhUmikAMse yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya mukhyata. do sampradAya zramaNa aura brAhmaNokI thiiN| muttanipAtameM cAra prakArake zramaNa batAye hai| inameM prArambhake tIna ThIka vahI hai jo jainiyoMke paMcaparameSThiyoM meM aIta AcArya, upadhyApa aura sAdhu batAye gaye hai / tathApi jainadharma samaNadharma kahalAtA thA yaha bhI jJAta hai (kalpasUtra pR0 83) ataeva isa taraha bhI jainadharmakA astitva bhagavAna mahAvIrase prAcIna pramANita hotA hai / cauthe prakArake jo zramaNa muttanipAtameM batAye hai, vaha itara zramaNaAjIvikAdi samajhanA caahiye|

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 39 isa taraha svAdhIna gaNarAjyome pradhAna pramukha rAjAoMke samRddhazAlI kSatriya kulo meM janma lekara donoM hI yugapradhAna puruSa dinoMdina candramAkI bhAMti bar3ha rahe the / zIghra hI ye kaumAra avasthAko prApta huye aura kaumArakAlakI nizcinta raMgaraliyoM meM vyasta hogaye, kintu Ajakalake yuvakoM kI bhAMti vilAsitAkI AdhInatA inake nikaTa chU bhI nahIM gaI thI / yaha ho bhI kaise saktA thA ? ve svAdhIna vAtAvaraNameM janma liye yugapradhAna puruSa the; aura Ajakalake yuvaka parataMtratAke AdhIna alpa bhAgyavAn vyaktiyAM haiM / isalie inake zarIra aura mana sarvathA gulAmIkI bUse bhare huye haiM / vastutaH ina vilAsitAke gulAma yuvakoMke liye ina donoM yugapradhAna puruSoM ke bAlapanake caritra anukaraNIya Adarza haiM / kaumArAvasthAmeM ma0 buddha apane kulake anya rAjaputroke sAtha Anandase krIDAyeM kiyA karate the / svAdhIna ahisApriya kulameM janma lekara unakA hRdaya pitRsaMskRtike anurUpa ati komala aura dayArdra thA / eka divasa vaha apane cacere bhAI devadattake sAtha gharnukauzalakA abhyAsa kautUhalavaza kara rahe the / yakAyaka devadattane eka bANa ur3ate huye pakSIke mAra diyA / vaha becArA nirAparAdha pakSI dhaDAmase ina donoMke agADI A girA ! buddhake liye vaha karuNAjanaka dRzyaM azruta aura asahya thA / vaha jhaTase usa ghAyala pakSIkI ora lapake aura devadattake isa duSkRtyapara ghRNA prakaTa karate hue usa ghAyalapakSIke zarIrameMse vANa khIMca liyA aura usakI ucita suzrUSA kI / dayAkA kyA acchA namUnA hai ! Ajake navayuvakoMko bhI niraparAdha pazuoMke prANa lenekA. zauka carrAyA huA hai ! unheM ma0 buddhake isa caritrase zikSA lenA Avazyaka hai /

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40 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra - bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSayameM bhI hameM jJAta hai ki ve apanI kaumArAvasthAmeM rAjakumAroM, maMtrIputro aura devasahacaroMke sAtha aneka prakArakI krIr3AyeM karate the / svAdhIna kSatrIyakulameM paramoccapadavIko prApta karaneke liye janma lekara unhoMne apane bAlyajIvanase hI ahiMsA, tyAga aura zauryatvakA Adarza logoMke samakSa rakkhA thA / ATha varSakI nanhIMsI avasthAmeM hI unhoMne jAnabUjhakara kisIke prANoMko pIDA na pahuMcAnekA saMkalpa kara liyA thA / dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA thA ki kisI dazAmeM bhI jAna bUjhakara prANi hisA nahIM karUgA aura sadaiva satyakA hI abhyAsa karUgA / parAI vastu grahaNa karake ve kisIko mAnasika duHkha nahIM pahucAte the / pUrNa brahmacaryakA pAlana karate huye, ve vilAsitA aura vAsanAtRptise koso dUra the / parimitarUpameM ve Avazyaka sAmagrIko rakhate the / zaukake liye anAvazyaka vastuoMke Dhera ekatrita nahI karate the / aisA saMyamamaya jIvana vyatIta karate huye, ve vIra bheSameM kumArakAlIna krIDAyeM karate vicarate the / eka divasa rAjyodyAname ve apane anya sahacaroM sahita krIDA kararahe the ki eka orase vikarAla sarpa unapara A dhamakA | vicAre anya sakhA bhayabhIta ho idhara udhara bhAga nikale; parantu bhagavAna mahAvIra jarA bhI bhayabhIta nahIM huye / unhone ghAtakI bAtameM usa viSadharako vaza kara liyA aura usapara dayA karake use vaisA hI chor3a diyA / vAstavameM yaha svargalokakA eka deva thA, jo bhagavAnake dayAlu citta aura apUrva balazAlI zarIrakI prasiddhi sunakara inakI parIkSA lene AyA thA / isataraha bhagavAnakI parIkSA karake vaha vizeSa harSita huA aura bhagavAnakI

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [41 vaMdanA karake apane sthAnako calA gayA / bhagavAnakA yaha bAlyAvasthAkA caritra hamAre lie eka atyuttama anukaraNIya Adarza hai|' kumArakAlameM donoM hI yugapradhAna puruSoMne kisa prakArakI zikSA grahaNakI yaha jJAta nahIM hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSayameM jaina zAstroMmeM kahA gayA hai ki vaha janmase hI mati, zruti aura avadhijJAnakara saMyukta the| isa apekSA unakA jJAna bAlyAvasthAse hI viziSTa thaa| isameM saMzaya nahIM ki usa samaya jo zikSAyeM aura kalAyeM pracalita thIM, unameM ye donoM yugapradhAna puruSa pArAMgata the / sAtha hI ina donoMkA zArIrika bala aura saundarya bhI apanI sAnIkA nirAlA thA / ma0 buddhake viSayame kahA gayA hai ki ve janmase hI mahApurupake battIsa lakSaNoMkara saMyukta suMdara zarIrake dhArI the| bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSayameM bhI hameM vidita hai ki ve eka hajAra ATha lakSaNo kara cinhita the aura unake zarIrakI Akati aura zobhA apUrva thI / unhoMne apane pUrva janmoMmeM itanA vizeSa .punya upArjana kiyA thA ki unakA zarIra vilkula vizuddha, malamUtra AdikI vAdhAoMse rahita thA / pratyuta unake zarIrase hara samaya eka acchI sugaMdha nikalatI rahatI thii| unake zarIrakA rudhira dugdhavata thA / unakA parAkrama atula thA aura zarIrame kSati pahuMcanA asaMbhava thii| ma0 buddha aura bha0 mahAvIra sadaiva miSTa 1 bhagavAna mahAvIrake vizada divya caritrake liye 'uttarapurANa' 'mahAvIra purANa', 'mahAvIracarita' aura 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' nAmaka grantha dekhanA cAhiye / 2 mahAvIrapurANa / 3 buddha jIvana (S. B.E. XIX) pR0 12 ityAdi / 4 uttarapurANa pR0 107 aura jainasutra (S. B.E.) bhAga 1 pRSTha 250-252 /

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- 42] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrabhASaNa karate the, yaha bhI donoM sampradAyoMke gAstroMme jJAta hai| isa prakAra jaba ye sundara zubhaga garIrake dhArI rAjakumAra yuvAvasthAko prApta huye to unake mAtA-pitAko unake pANigrahaNa karAnekI sudha AI / rAnA zuddhodana apane putrakA vivAha karA denemeM bar3e vyana the, kyoMki unheM bhaya thA ki kahIM vairAgya unake putrake komala hRdayapara apanA prabhAva na jamA le / tadanusAra na buddhakA zuma vivAha yazodA nAmakI eka rAnakanyAse hogayA aura vaha dAmpatya sukhakA upabhoga karane lge| inhIM yagodAke garbha aura ma0 buddhake aurasase rAhula nAmake putrakA janma huA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake mAtA-pitAko bhI unakI yuvAvasthA nihArakara vivAha karA denekI AyojanA karanI par3I thii| dezadezAMtaroMke rAjAgaNa apanI kanyAoMko bhagavAnake sAtha paraNavAnA cAhate the| inameM prakhyAta rAjA nitazatru apanI kanyA yazodAko vizeSa gati aura Amahase bhagavAnako samarpaNa karanA cAhate the; parantu viziSTa jJAnI, tyAgI pratyakSa murti bhagavAna mahAvIrako yaha ramaNIratna bhIna moha sakA! 1 vuda jIvana (S. B.E. XIX ) pR0 12 ityAda / 2 zvetAmbara zAnome kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAnane apane mAtApitAke bhAprahase yazodarA nAmaka kanyAMse pANigrahaNa kara liyA thA aura unake eka putrIko bhI janma hurbhA thaa| uparAnta jaba unake mAtA-pitA svargavAsa kara gaye Apa apane bhAI nandivadanakI anumatise unhoMne gRhatyAga kara munivrata dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isa matabhedakA kAraNa samajhameM nahIM bhAtA / digambara zAsa anya tIryavarokA vivAha honA batalAte haiM, parantu unake putrIkA janma honA svIkAra nahIM karate / saMbhava hai ki isI siddhAntabhedako puSTi deneke liye zve0 pranyoM meM yaha kamA lisI

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-aura ma0 buddha [43 unhoMne saMsArake kalyANake lie apane sarvasvakA tyAga karanA hI paramAvazyaka smjhaa| mAtA-pitAne bahuta samajhAyA parantu vairAgyakA gAr3hA raGga jisake hRdaya para car3ha gayA ho, phira vaha utAre nahIM utrtaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrane vivAha karanA asvIkAra kiyA / unhoMne usa samayake rAnonmatta yuvA rAjakumAroM aura AvanIvikoM tathA brAhmaNa RSiyoM jaise sAdhuoMko mAno pUrNa brahmacaryakA mahatva hRdayaMgama kraayaa| jahAM RSigaNa bhI indriyanigraha aura sayamase vimukha hoM vahAM aise AdarzakI paramAvazyaktA thI / bhagavAna mahAvIrake gaI ho / bauddha grathoMmeM bhI bhagavAna ke bhAI aura jamAI va khI AdikA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai / tisapara usa samaya sAmAjika vAtAvaraNameM brahmacaryakA mahatva kama ho calA thA / isa taraha apane akhaNDa brahmacapaise mAno usako zikSA denA bhagavAnako abhISTa thA / di. zAkha yazodarAke sAtha vivAha karanekI bhAyojanAkA jikra karate hai, parantu bha0 mahAvIrane svIkAra nahIM kiyA yaha spaSTa kahate haiM - 'bhavAna kiM zreNika vetti bhUpati, nRpendra siddhArthakanIyasIpatiM / ima prasiddha jitazatrumAkhyayA, pratApapanta jitazatrumaNDalam // 6 // jinendravIrasya samudbhavotsave, tadAgataH kuMDapura muhRvRta / supUjitaH kuNDapurasya bhabhUtA nRpo'yayAkhaNDalanuyalavikramaH // 7 // yazodayAyAM mutayA yazodayA pavitratyA vIravivAhamagalam / aneka kanyA parivAgyA''ruhatsamIkSituM tugamanoratha tadA // 8 // -harivaMzaputaNa / 1 bhagavAna mahAvIra pRSTha 239 / 2 jaina aura bauddha pratha prakaTa karate haiM ki bhAjIvikagaNa brahmacaryako anAvazyaka samajha vyabhicAra rata . hote bhI nahIM hicakate the| (dekho AjIvaksa mAga 1) tathApi brAhmaNa RSiyoMke paliyA thIM yaha sarva prakTa hai| bauddhoMke muttanipAtake tevijanuttameM isakA spaSTa ullekha hai|

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44 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra divya caritrameM janatAko isa Adarza darzana hogaye / Ajake asayamamaya bIbhatsa vAtAvaraNameM pratyeka dezake navayuvakoM ke samakSa aisA Adarza upasthita karanA parama Avazyaka hai / jisa pavitra bhAratavarSa meM bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya akhaNDa brahmacaryA anupama Adarza upasthita rahA thA, vahIM Aja brahmacaryakA prAyaH sarvathA abhAva dekhakara hRdaya tharrA jAtA hai / bhAratavarSa ke liye bhagavAna mahAvIrakA Adarza parama zikSApUrNa aura hitakara hai| isa prakAra dono yugapradhAna puruSa apane gRhastha jIvanameM sAnanda kAla yApana kara rahe the / bhagavAna mahAvIrane apane gRhastha jIvanase hI saMyama aura tyAgakA abhyAsa karanA prArambha kara diyA thA aura ma0 buddha niyamita DhaMgase dAmpatyasukhakA upabhoga kara rahe the / astu / (3) gRhatyAga aura sAdhujIvana / manuSya apanI jAnameM apaneko baDA kuzala aura catura samajhatA hai / vAstavameM jIvita saMsArameM usase bar3hakara aura koI buddhimAn prANI hai bhI nahIM, kintu usakI buddhimattA, kuzalatA, aura caturatAke bhI khaTTe dAMta kara denevAlI eka zakti bhI isa saMsArameM vidyamAna hai / yaha zakti yadyapi jItI jAgatI zakti nahIM 'hai, paratu isakA prabhAva svayaM manupyakI jItI jAgatI kriyApara hI jamA huA hai / manuSya apanI AMkhoMse dekhatA rahatA hai aura yaha zakti apanA kArya karatI calI jAtI hai| usake jIvanakI

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 45 dazAokA aMta yahI lAtI hai / isIko loga kAla kahate haiM / sacamuca kAlakI zakti ati vicitra hai / kAlacakra sAMsArika parivartanameM eka mukhya kAraNa hai / isa hI kAlacakakI kRpA se pratyeka kSaName saMsArakA kuchakA kucha hojAtA hai / aise prabala kAlacakrakA prabhAva baDe bar3e AcAryo aura cakravartiyoM kA bhI lihAja nahIM karatA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha bhI isI kAlacakrakI icchAnusAra apane bAlya aura kumAra avasthAko tyAgakara pUrNa yuvAvasthAko prApta hogaye the / ma0 buddha rAnI yazodA ke sAtha sAMsArika sukhakA upabhoga kara rahe the ki eka dina ve nagarame hote huye vana-vihArake liye nikale / unhone rAsteme eka rogIko dekhakara apane sAthase usakA hAla pUchA / rogoMke AtApa aura bur3hApeke duHkha sunakara unakA hRdaya vyathAse vyAkula hogayA / isa Akula-vyAkula hRdayako lie ve agADI baDhe ki mRta puruSako lie vilApa karate smazAna bhUmiko jAte aneka manuSya dikhAI diye / sArthIse phira pUchA aura hakIkatako jAnakara unakA Akula hRdaya ekadama tharrA gayA / unhoMne kahA jaba yaha zarIra nazvara hai; yuvAvasthA hamezA rahanekI nahI; bur3hApe ke dukha darda sabako sahane par3ate haiM; to isase uttama yahI hai ki usa mArgakA anusaraNa kiyA jAya jisase ina janmajarA ke dukhoko na bhugatanA pdd'e| isake sAtha hI hRdayapara ina vicAroMkA itanA gaharA prabhAva par3A ki ma0 buddha phira lauTakara rAjamahalameM adhika dina nahIM Thahare / eka dina rAtrike samaya channa nAmaka sArthIko lekara aura ghoDe para savAra hokara nikala paDe / bahuta dUra calakara Akhira unane sArthIke supurda saba vastrAbhUSaNa kiye aura

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46 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra Apa sAdhAraNa vastroMko dhAraNa karake ekAkI vanakI eka orako cala diye / isa phikarameM gharase nikala paDe ki koI sacce sukhake mArgakA jAnakAra kAmila puruSa mile to maiM usake caraNoMkI sevA karake AryoMke uttama jJAnakA adhikArI banUM / isahI vicArameM nimagna ma0 buddha jArahe the ki pIchese inake pitAke bheje huye manupya mile / unhoMne ma0 buddhako ghara lauTa calaneke liye bahuta samajhAyA / parantu pitAke anurodha aura patnIkI karuNa kAtara prArthanAyeM nirarthaka gaI / ma0 vuddha apane nizcayameM dRr3ha rahe / ve loga hatAza hokara kapilavastuko lauTa gaye / ' agADI calakara ma0 buddha parivrAjaka brahmacAriyoMke Azrama meM pahuce aura vahAM sAdhu ArAdakAlamakI prazaMsA sunakara vaha unake pAsa cale ge| ina sAdhukA mata sAkhyadarzana se bahuta kucha milatA julatA thA / ma0 buddha isa matakA adhyayana kucha divasa karate rahe / kiMtu antameM unheM vizvAsa hogayA ki "jo kucha ArAdane batalAyA hai usase mere hRdayakI saMtuSTi nahIM ho saktI hai / "" isaliye ve vahAse bhI prasthAna kara gaye aura RSi udrarAmake pAsa pahuce / vahAM bhI kucha dina rahe / uparAta vahAMse bhI nirAza hokara kisI uttama mArgako pAnekI khojame agADI cala diye / AkhirakAra ve pavarta 'kyA -cI' (gayA- vApasavana) ne phuNce| yahAM eka parIpaha-jaya-vana ( run-Suffering forest ) nAmaka grAma thaa| yahAM pahalese pAMca bhikSu maujUda the / ma0 vuddhane dekhA ki ye pAMcoM bhikSu apanI iMdriyoM ko pUrNata vaza kiye huye hai aura uttama cAritrake niyamoMkA 1 buddha jIvana (S.BE. XIX.) pRSTha 130... 2 pUrva pRSTha 131

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- - aura ma0 buddha [47 pAlana kara rahe haiM tathApi tapazcaraNake bhI abhyAsI hai| yaha dekhakara ma0 buddha vicAramagna hogye| uparAMta una bhikSuokA abhivAdana aura niyamita kriyAo-sevAo (Having finished ther attentions and dutiful services ) se nirvRta hokara unane vahI nairavarA nadIke nikaTa eka sthAnapara Asana jamA liyA aura apane uddezya siddhike liye ve tapazcaraNa karane lge| zArIrika viSaya kapAyakA nirodha karane lage aura zarIra patikA dhyAna vilkula choDa beThe / 'hRdayakI vizuddhatA pUrvaka ve una upavAsoMkA pAlana karane lage, jinako koI gRhastha sahana nahIM kara saktA / mauna aura zAMta huye ve dhyAnamagna the / isa rItise unhoMne bhikSu' zabdakA vyavahAra jainoM aura bauddhoke liye pahile hotA thA parantu uparAnta kevala vauddha sAdhuoMke liye hI usakA vyavahAra sImita ho gayA batalAyA gayA hai / yadyapi jaina munike paryAya vAcI zakke rUpameM ava bhI isa zabda ( bhikSu ) kA vyavahAra jaina lekhakoM dvArA hotA hai / ( dekho vRhad jaina zabdArNava bhAga 1 pRSTha 4 ) mi0 hosa DeviDa kA kathana hai ki 'bhi zabda pahile pahile janoM athavA vauddhoM dvArA vyavahata huA thA / ( * Perhaps the Jain or the Buddhists first used it." Dialogues of Buddha. Intro. S. B. B. Series ) aisI dazAma yahA para jina bhikSu. bhoMkA ullekha chiyA jA rahA hai vaha jaina bhikSu hoM to koI Azcarya nahIM, kyoMki ma0 buddhake pahile bauddhadharmakA astitva abhItaka to pramANita humA nahIM haiM / usako puSTi uparoktake agAr3I jo vivaraNa milatA hai, usase bhI hotI hai / astu yaha bhikSu jaina sAdhu hI the| inake nAma bhI jaina sAdhuoMke nA se milate julate haiM, yathA kaunDinyakulaputta, dazavala, kAzyapa, vANa, azvajita aura bhd| 2 buddha jIvana (S. B. E. XIX) pRSTha 141 / 3 pUrvavat /

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48] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrachaH varSa nikAla diye / ' ma0 buddhane jo isa prakAra chaH varSa taka sAdhu jIvana vyatIta kiyA thA, vaha jaina sAdhukI upavAsa aura dhyAnamaya, mauna aura kAyotsarga zAMta avasthAke vilkula samAna hai| ataeva isa avasthAmeM yaha jaina zAstrokI isa mAnyatAkA pratyakSa pramANa hai ki ma0 buddha apane sAdhu jIvaname kisI samaya jaina muni bhI rahe the| jaina zAstrakAra kahate hai ki " zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnake tIrthame sarayU nadIke taTavartI palAza nAmaka nagarameM pihitAzrava sAdhukA ziSya buddhakIrti muni huA jo mahAzruta yA baDA bhArI zAstrajJa thA / paraMtu machaliyoMke AhAra karanese vaha grahaNa kI huI dIkSAse bhraSTa hogayA aura raktAmbara (lAla vastra dhAraNa karake usane ekAtamatakI pravRti kI / phala, dahI, dUdha, zakkara Adike samAna mAsame bhI jIva nahIM hai, ataeva usakI icchA karane aura bhakSaNa karanemeM koI pApa nahIM hai / jisa prakAra jala eka drava dravya arthAt tarala yA vahanevAlA padArtha hai usI prakAra zarAba hai, vaha tyAjya nahI hai| isa prakArakI 1. " With full purpose of heart (he set himself) to endure mortification, to restrain every bodily passion, and give up thought about sustenance. With purity of heart to obsei vo the fast zules, which no worldly man (active man) can bear, silent and still, lost in thoughtful meditation, and so for six years he continued " buddhajIvana (S. B. E. XIX) pR0 141 2 jainasutra (S BE.) bhAga 1 pRSTha 39-41 aura ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra 1-10.

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 49 ghoSaNA karake usane saMsAra meM sampUrNa pApakarmakI paripATI calAI / eka pApa karatA hai aura dUsarA usakA phala bhogatA hai, isa tarahake siddhAntakI kalpanA karake aura usase logoko vazame karake yA apane anuyAyI banAkara vaha mRtyuko prApta huA / " jaina zAstrakA - rake isa kathanako sahasA hama asvIkAra nahIM kara sakte haiN| aMtima vAkyoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki zAstrakAra bauddha dharma aura ma0 buddhakA ullekha kararahA hai, kyoki 'kSaNikavAda' bauddhadharmakA mukhya lakSaNa hai jisakA hI pratipAdana ina vAkyoMmeM kiyA gayA hai / itanepara bhI jo jaina zAstrakArane vauddhoMke prati madyapAna karanekA lAJchana lagAyA hai vaha ThIka nahI hai / " isameM kisI prakArakI bhUla najara AtI hai, kintu isake kAraNa hama ukta vAkyokI sarvathA upekSA nahI kara sakte ! bezaka yaha usa jamAnekI - IsAkI navIM zatAvdikI racanA hai, jaba 1. siriyAsaNAititthe sarayUtIre palAsaNayarasyo / pihiyA sassa sisso mahAsudo vuDakittimuNI // 6 // timipUraNAsaNehiM ahigayapavanAo paribhaTTo | rattavara dharitA pavaTTiya teNa eyata // 7 // masalsa Natthi jIvo jahA phaje dahipa-duddha- sakkarae / tamhAta SachittA ta bhaktato Na pAviTTho // 8 // mana Na vanaNija davadavva jahajalaM tahA eda / idi Toe ghosittA paTTiya savvasAvaja // 9 // adhNo karedi kammaM aNNo ta bhujadIdi siddhataM / parikapiuNa NUNa vasikicA nirayamuvaNNo // 10 // - darzanasAra / 2 bauddhoM ke paca vrato meM antima 'madyapAna tyAga' hai / isa kAraNa yahApara kisI taraha kI bhUla naz2ara par3atI hai / ( mahAvagga ) /

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- 50] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrabhAratIya matome pArasparika sTardhA vahuta spaSTa aura adhikatApara ho gaI thI, ataeva jainAcAryakA tatkAlIna paristhitike anusAra ma0 buddhakA ukta prakAra ullekha karanA kucha anokhI kriyA nahIM hai, parantu isapara bhI jo kucha unhone likhA hai, usame kevala madyapAnakI vAtako choDakara zeSa saba yathArthatAko lie hue haiM / jisa sthAnapara pahile pahila ma0 buddhane jaina munikI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI usakA nAma ThIkase batalAyA gayA hai / jaina aura bauddha dono hI usa sthAnako vanagrAma (bauddha Forest town aura jaina palAzagrAma-palAza-vanagrAma ) batalAte hai aura kahate haiM ki nadI usake pAsame thI, jaise ki hama Upara dekha cuke hai / tathApi vauddha zAstrakAra ma0 buddhakI dIkSA grahaNa karanekI kriyAkA bhI ullekha "abhivAdana aura niyamita kriyAyo aura sevAyose nivRtta hone / " (Haying finished their attentions and dutiful sery. ices) rUpameM karatA hai, aura atima vAkyoMke dvArA jo jainAcAryane bauddha mAnyatAokA ullekha kiyA hai, so bhI vilakula ThIka hai| bauddhadharmakA kSaNikabAda vikhyAta hI hai, tathApi bauddha dharmame prAraMbhase hI mRta mAMsako bhojanameM grahaNa karanA burA nahIM batalAyA gayA hai| jo jainoke anusAra eka asad kriyA hai| isa dazAmeM hama jaina zAstrakArake kathanako mAnyatA deneke liye vAdhya haiN| isake sAtha hI hamako jJAta hai ki jaba ma0 buddha sarva prathama apane dharma pracArake liye 1 macchA aura mRtamAsa, yadi khAsakara na 'yA gayA ho, to bauddha bhikSu svIkAra karate the, yaha bauddhazAmroke nimna una raNose pramANita hai.-mahAga 6,1.11 aura 14,6,23,2,6,25,2, mahAparinivAna mutta 4,17-18; aura suttanipAta 241 (pRSTha 40) /

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- aura ma0 yuddha ] [ 51 rAjagRhameM gaye the to vahAke 'suppatittha' nAmaka madirameM Thahare the|' isake uparAMta phira kabhI bhI unakA ullekha hame isa yA aise maMdira meM ThaharanekA nahI milatA hai| isa maMdirakA nAma jo 'suppatitya' hai, jo usakA sambaMdha kimI ' titthiya' matapravartakase honA cAhiye, parantu hama dekhate hai ki usa samayake prakhyAt cha' matapravartakoM meM isa tarahakA koI nAma nahIM milatA ! hAM, jana nIrthakaroM meM eka supArzvanAthanI avazya huye hai aura unake saMkSipta nAmakI apekSA unake mUla nAyakatvakA maMdira avazya hI 'suppatittha' kA maMdira kahalA saktA hai| jaina tIrthakaroMke nAmakA ullekha aime saptirUpameM hotA thA, yaha hameM jana zAstroM ke ullegbo meM milatA hai / 'darzanasAra ' grantha meM 'viparItamata' kI utpatti batalAte huye AcArya likhate hai:" muvnayatitthe ujjho khIrakadaMbutti yuddhasammatto / " isameM bAbIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratanAthajIkA nAmollekha kevala 'suvyaya' ke rUpameM kiyA gayA hai / isI taraha leka vyavahArataH saMkSepameM supArzvanAthanIkA nAmollekha 'suppa' ke rUpa meM kiyA jAsaktA hai / isa rItise jisa 'suppatittha' ke madirameM ma0 buddha pahile pahila Thahare the, vaha jaina maMdira hI thA / + aura usameM usake bAda Copy 1 mahAyuga 1-22-13 ( S. B. E. pRSTha 144 ) meM spaSTa likhA hai ki mantra pahile hI jaba apane dharmakA pracAra karane Aye to rAjagRha meM laThopanameM 'supyati' ke maMdirameM tthhre| yahA se niya bimbasAra ne unakA upadeza sunA to unake lie veluyanameM eka ArAma' canakara diyaa| usa samaya isa prakAra sAtaveM tIrthaMkara zrI supArzvayajIkA mandira vidyamAna honA, jaina tIrthakaroMkI aitihAsikatA aura janadharmakI vizeSa prAcInatAkA dyotaka hai /

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52 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvAra phira unake ThaharanekA ullekha nahI milatA hai, usakA yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki jainiyone jAna liyA ki buddha aba jinapraNIta dharmake viruddha hogaye hai; isaliye unhoMne bhraSTa jaina muniko punaH Azraya denA ucita nahIM smjhaa| isa taraha bhI jainokI isa mAnyatAkA samarthana hotA hai ki ma0 vuddha eka samaya jaina muni bhI rahe the / antataH ma 0 vuddha svayaM apane mukhale niyokI isa mAnyatAko svIkAra karate hai / eka sthAnapara ve kahate hai ki " maiMne sira aura dADhI ke bAla nocanekI bhI parI paha sahana kI hai / " yaha muniyokI kezaloca kriyA hai / ataeva isakA abhyAsa buddhane taba hI kiyA hogA jaba vaha jaina muni rahe hoMge / isa taraha yaha spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddha apane dharmakA pracAra karaneke pahile jaina muni the aura hama dekhate hai ki unhone kisI eka sapradAyakI muni-kriyAyoM kA pAlana nahI kiyA thaa| eka samaya ve vAnaprastha sanyAsI the to dUsare samaya jaina muni the / ** bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSaya meM jaba hama vicAra karate hai to dekhate haiM ki unakA sAdhujIvana ma0 buddhake viparIta eka nizcita aura suvyavasthita jIvana thA / jaina zAstroke adhyayanase hamako jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra bAlyAvasthA se hI zrAvakake vratoMkA abhyAsa karate huye apane pitAke rAjyakAryame sahAyaka bana rahe the / ve isa gRhasthAvasthA se hI saMyamakA vizeSa rItise abhyAsa 1. ' Diskosa oNpha gautamabuddha' aura mi0 saoNnDarsakA 'gautamabuddha' pRSTha 15.2. mUlAca'ra 129 aura jainasUtra (SBE.) bhAga 1 pRSTha 56. DaoN0 bhANDArakarane bhI ma0 bucakA jainamuni honA svIkAra kiyA hai / dekho jainahitaiSI bhAga 7 aMka 12 pRSTha 1. *

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-aura ma0 yuddha ] kara rahe the / eka divasa aise hI vicAramagna the ki sahasA unako apane pUrvamavasa smaraNa ho AyA aura AtmajJAna pragaTa huaa| unhoMne vinArA ki vo apUrva viSayasukhoMse maMgai kucha nRpti nahIM huI to yaha sAMsArika kSaNika indriyaviSayasukha kisa taraha mujhe munI banA sakta haiM ? hA ' vRthA hI maiMne yaha apane tIsa varSa gunA diye| manuppajanma ati durlabha hai, usako vRthA gavA denA unita nahIM / yahI bAta uttarapurANameM isa prakAra kahI gaI hai: "triMgacharadistasyaiva kaumaarmgmdyH| nanonyezumAnajJAnamayopagamabhedanaH / / 296 / / samutpannamahAbodhiH smRtapUrvabhavAMtaraH / lokAMnikAparaH pApya prastutastutibhiH stutaH // 297 / / makalAmarasaMdohakRtanizkramaNakriyaH / svavAkapINitasadadhusaMbhAvitavisarjanaH / / 298 // arthAta-"imaprakAra bhagavAnake kumArakAlake tIsa varSa vyatIta hue| usake dUsare hI dina matijAnake vizeSa kSayopazamase unheM AtmajJAna pragaTa huA aura pahile bhavakA jAtismaraNa huaa| usI samaya laukAMtika devoMne Akara samayAnusAra unakI stuti kI aura iMdrAdi sava devoMne Akara unake dIkSAkalyANakakA utsava mnaayaa| bhagavAnane mIThI vANIse saba bhAIvandhuoMko prasanna kiyA aura sabase vidA lii|" isa taraha sabako saMtuSTa karake ve bhagavAna apanI candraprabhA pAlakIpara ArUna hokara vanapaMDa nAmaka vanameM phuNce| vahAMpara Apane apane saba vastrAbhUSaNa Adi utArakara vitaraNa kara diye aura sinhoMko namaskAra karake uttarAbhimukha ho paMcamuSTi locakara parama

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[ bhagavAna mahAvIra - upAsanIya nirgrantha muni hogye| yaha agahana vadI dazamIkA zubha divasa thA, vAstavameM saMsArakA kalyANa jisake nimittase honA anivArya thA aura jisake bhavitavyameM trilokavandanIya honA aMkita thA, usakI pratyeka jIvanakriyA itanI spaSTa aura prabhAvazAlI ho to koI Azcarya nahI / bhagavAna mahAvIra aise hI eka paramotkRSTa mahApuruSa the / ve apane isa jIvaname hI anupama jIvita paramAtmA huye the yaha hama agADI dekheNge| _bhagavAna mahAvIrane niryantha munikI digambarIya (nagna) dIkSA gRhaNa kI thI, yaha digambarazAstra pragaTa karate haiM, parantu zvetAmbara saMpradAyake zAstra isase sahamata nahIM hai| unakA kathana hai ki bhagavAnane dIkSAsamayase eka varSa aura kucha mahIne uparAnta taka 'devadRpya varana' dhAraNa kiye the, pazcAt ve nagna ho gaye the| 'devadUSya vanakI vyAkhyAme kucha bhI spaSTa rItise nahI batalAyA gayA hai ki isakA yathArthabhAva kyA hai ? itanA spaSTa kiyA hai ki isa ktrako parine ye bhI bhagavAna nagna pratIta hote hai| zvetAnyariyoke isa / kathanale eka niSpakSa ra unake FREE vidhArA nahIM kara lA padRpyA pahile huye bhI ye nanda dikhate the, isakA spaSTa bartha dI hai ki nagna the| 1. jenarAtra (S.BE.) 1 9 82 2 DaoN0 sTIvenmana sAhebane zvetAmbaroke isa kavanapara yahI prakaTa kiyA hai, yathA"Jaidas do not understand properly vnat at mcans, ou do not ielu to explain it. It wight have nicapt, he become a Digamvara, had this not been opposed to what follows" (Kalpasutra &Navatattwa. FN.P 85). - - - - --

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- aura ma0 vuddha ] [ 55 yadi hama zvetAmbara Agama graMthoMpara isa sambandhame eka gaMbhIra dRSTi DAleM to unameM bhI hame nagnAvasthAkI viziSTatA mila jAtI hai / acelaka - nagna avasthAko unake 'AcArAGgasUtra' meM sarvotkRSTa 1 batalAyA hai / usame likhA hai ki "upavAsa karate huye nagna muniko jo pugalakA sAmanA karatA hai, loga gAlI bhI deMge, mAreMge aura upasarga kareMge aura usakI saMsAra avasthAkI kriyAyoko kahakara cir3hAyeMge aura asatya AkSepa kareMge: ina saba upasargoko - kAryoMko cAhe ve priyakara hoM yA apriyakara ho, pUrvakamakA phala jAnakara, use zAMtise satoSapUrvaka vicaranA cAhiye / sarva sAsArikatAko tyAgakara samyakdRSTi rakhate huye saba apriya bhAvanAyeM sahana karanA cAhiye / vahI nagna haiM aura sAMsArika avasthAko dhAraNa nahI karate. pratyuta dharmapara calate haiM / yahI sarvotkRSTa kiyA hai / isake uparAnta umI sUtrameM isakI prazaMsA karake kahA hai ki 'tIrtha "S / 1 " 'The naked, fasting (monk ), w1o combits L 'aus 1 tade or Accounting the flesh, will be thusal of strue's he will be cared with his for 1eviled with untrue lepronel e (for this tucatnent ) by his former hus knowing pleasent and unpleasant ce urences he should patiently wandei about. Omitting all worldliness one should bear all (disagreable) feelings, being possessed of the 11ght view (2) Those are called naked, who in this world, never returning ( to a worldly state ), ( follow ) my religion according to the commandment. This highest doctrine has here been declared for men. (Js. Pt. I. P. P. 55-56. ) pha 2 32

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[ bhagavAna mahAvIra GkaroMne bhI isa nagnavezako dhAraNa kiyA thaa|' aisI avasthAme spaSTa hai ki na kevala bhagavAna mahAvIra aura RSabhadevane hI isa nagnAvasthAko dhAraNa kiyA thA, pratyuta pratyeka tIrthakarane apane muni jIvanameM isa parISahako sahana kiyA thaa| vAstavameM zve0 granthomeM bhI jaina muniyoMkA prAyaH vaisA hI mArga nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai jaisA di0 zAstromeM batalAyA gayA hai| yadi usameM antara hai to vaha uparAntake TIkAkAroke prayatnokA phala hai| unake isI AcArAGgasUtrameM sarvotkRSTa nagna-acelaka avasthAkA nirUpaNa karake agADI kramazaH tIna vastradhArI, do vastradhArI aura eka vastradhArI yA nagna sAdhukA rUpa aura usakA kartavya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / eka vastradhArI aura nagna muniko unane eka hI koTimeM rakhakara prAkRta aniyamitatA prakaTa kI hai| inake upadezakramase yaha spaSTa hai ki ve vastrako tyAga karanA Avazyaka samajhate the aura yaha hai bhI ThIka, kyoMki yadi vastradhArI avasthAse mukti lAbha hosaktA to kaThina nagna dazAkA prati. pAdana karanA vRthA ThaharatA hai| isIliye zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM vastradhArI sAdhuoMko aise sAdhu batalAye haiM jo sAMsArika bandhanoMse chUTaneke liye protsAhita horahe haiM / (Asparing to freedom from bonds) aura eka vastradhArI sAdhuko nagnabheSa dhAraNa karanekA bhI parAmarza diyA gayA hai| digambara AmnAyameM vastradhArI 1. jainasUtra (S. B. B) bhAga 1 pRSTha 57-58. 2. pUrva pRSTha 67-68. 3. pUrvapRSTha 69-70. 4. pUrva pRSTha 71-72. 5. pUrva pRSTha 73-74. 6. pUrva pRSTha 19-71. 7. pUrva pRSTha 1. -

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [57 sAdhu udAsIna zrAvaka mAne gaye haiM aura utkRSTa zrAvaka kSullaka' 'ailaka' kahalAte haiM / zve0 ke uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI kSullakako lakSyakara eka vyAkhyAna likhA gayA hai| ataeva yaha zabda vahAM bhI udAsIna utkRSTa Avakake lie vyavahRta huA pratIta hotA hai / aisI dazAmeM yaha spaSTa hai ki zve AcArya bhI munike liye nagna avasthA Avazyaka samajhate haiM aura vahI sarvotkRSTa kriyA hai / tathApi tIrthakara bhagavAnakA jIvana sarvotkRSTa hotA hai / isaliye unakedvArA sarvotkRSTa kriyAkA pAlana aura pracAra honA parama yuktiyukta aura Avazyaka hai| isIliye antataH zve0 AcAryako bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSayameM kahanA paDA hai ki "una ( bhagavAn )ke tIna nAma isa prakAra jJAta haiM arthAt unake mAtA-pitAne unakA nAma vaImAna rakhakhA thA, kyoMki ve rAgadveSase rahita the, ve 'zramaNa isaliye kahe jAte the ki unhoMne bhayAnaka upasarga aura kaSTa sahana kiye the, uttama nagna avasthAkA abhyAsa kiyA thA, aura sAsArika duHkhoMko sahana kiyA aura pUjyanIya zramaNa mahAvIra, ve devoM dvArA kahe gaye the| 1. jainasUtra (S. B.E) bhAga 2 pRSTha 24-27. 2. "His three names have thus been recorded by tradition : by his parents he was called Vardhamana, because he is devoid of love and hate ; ( he is called ) Sramana (i. e. Ascetic ), because he sustains dreadful dangers and fears, the noble nakedness, and the miseries of the world; the name Venerable Ascetic Mahavira has been given to him by the gods." ( Jaina Sutras. S. B.E. Pt. I. P. 193).

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58] [bhagavAna mahAvIra isI prakAra zvetAvara TIkAkAroke kathanakA abhiprAya hai| unhoMne ukta varNanakA bhAva 'jinakalpI' aura 'sthivirakalpI' prabhedame jo liyA hai, vaha bhI hamAre ukta kathanakI puSTi karatA hai| 'jinakalpI' ke bhAva yahI hosakte haiM ki 'jinakalpa'ke aura 'sthivirakalpI ke isI taraha sthivirakalpa'ke samajhanA cAhiye, aura yaha bhAva zve0 mAnyatAke anukUla hai, kyoki tIrthakSaroke samayameM to ve nagna jinakalpI sAdhuokA honA mAnate hI hai| svayaM tIrthakara bhagavAnane nagna bheSako dhAraNa kiyA thA / ataeva 'jinakalpa'ke tIrthaMkara bhagavAnake samayake sAdhuoMko 'jinakalpI' batalAnA ThIka hI hai aura uparAMta 'sthivirakalpa ' paMcamakAlameM vastradhArI muniyoMko 'sthivirakalpI' saMjJA apanI mAnatAke anusAra denA yuktiyukta hai| ataeva isa prabhedase bhI nagna avasthAkA mahatva aura prAcInatva pramANita hai| vAratavameM sAsArika vadhanose mukti usa hI avasthAme mila saktI hai jaba manuSya vAhya padArthose rana mAtra bhI sambadha yA sasarga nahIM rakhatA hai| isIliye eka jaina guni apanI icchAo aura sAsArika AmAkSAopara sarvathA vinayI hotA hai / isa vijayame use savAri 'lajjA'ko parAsta karanA par3atA hai| yaha eka prAchatika aura paragAvazyaka kriyA hai| usa vyaktikI nisTahatA aura iMdriyanigrahatAmA pratyakSa pramANa hai| isa avasthAme sAsArika sasarga chUTa hI jAtA hai| eka AyaralaiNDavAsI lekhakake zabdomeM "kapaDokI jhajhaTase chUTanepara manuSya anya aneka jhaMjhaTose chUTa jAtA hai, eka jainake nikaTa vizeSa Avazyaka jojala hai, so isa avasthAmeM unako dhoneke liye usakI jarUrata hI nahI par3atI! vastutaH hamArI

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 59 burAI bhalAIkI jAnakArI hI hamAre mukta honemeM bAdhaka / mukti lAbha karaneke liye hameM yaha bhUla jAnA cAhiye ki hama nagna haiM / jaina nirgrantha isa bAtako bhUla gaye haiM, isIlie unako kapaDokI AvaiyaktA nahI hai" / " yaha paramotkRSTa aura upAdeya avasthA hai / di0 aura zve0 zAstra hI kevala isa avasthAkI prazaMsA nahI karate, pratyuta anya dharmome bhI isako sAdhupanekA eka cihna mAnA gayA hai| hiMduoMke yahA bhI nagnAvasthAko kucha kama gaurava prApta nahI huA hai| zukAcArya digambara hI the, jinake rAjA parIkSitakI sabhAme Anepara hajAroM Rpi aura svayaM unake pitA evaM parapitA uTha khaDe hue the / ' hinduoke devatA ziva aura dattAtraya nagna hI haiN| yUnAnavAsiyoke yahAM bhI nagna devatAokI upAsanA hotI thI / IsAIyokI vAyavilame bhI nagnatA sAdhutAkA cihna svIkAra kI gaI hai, yathA:"aura usane apane vastra utAra DAle aura saimuyalake rAmakSa aisI hI ghoSaNA kI aura usa sapUrNa divasa aura rAtriko vaha nagna rahA / para unhone kahA, kyA AtmA bhI pegambaromero " hai ?" -- ( senuvala, 19-24 ) fi "" usI samaya prabhRne amojake putra IsAyyAse kahA, jA aura apane vastra utAra DAla aura apane pairose nRte nikAla DAla aura unane yahI kiyA, nagna aura naMge pairo vicarane lage / - ( IsAyyA 20 - 2 ) musalamAnoke bAreme bhI kahA gayA hai ki "aravoke yahA bhI 1. dI hArTa oNpha jainIjma pRSTha 350 2. jena itihAsa sIrIz2a bhAga 1. pRSTha 13. 13. pUrvapramANa.

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60 [ bhagavAna mahAvIranagna avasthA saMsAra tyAgakA eka cihna mAnA jAtA thaa| mi0 vAziGgaTana aravinnA apanI "lAipha oNpha muhammada" {Appendix) meM kahate hai ki 'taupha arthAt kAvAkA parikramA denA muhammadase pahilekI eka prAcIna kriyA thI aura strI-puruSa donoM hI nagna hokara isa kriyAko karate the| muhammadane isa kriyAko banda kiyA aura iharAma arthAta yAtrIke vastrakI vyavasthA kI thii| IsAmasIhakA vinA siyA hA koTa alaMkRta bhASAmeM nagnatAkA dyotaka hai| St. John, XIX, 23)."" isa prakAra yaha pragaTa hai ki eka samaya sasArameM sarvatra nagnatA sAdhupanekA Avazyaka citra samajhI jAtI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM AjIvaka Adi bhI nagna rahate the, yaha hama dekha cuke hai / Aja bhI hiMduoMme naMge sAdhu milate haiM / umI taraha jena nigraMtha sAdhu bhI prAcIna digambara bhepameM vicarate dRSTi paDate hai| isa paristhitimeM yaha sahasA jIko nahIM lagatA ki usa prAcIna kAlameM jaina nigraMya muni vastradhArI hote hoM / jena zAstroke atirikta bauddha zAstrome jaina muniyoMkA ullekha nagnarUpameM kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI unameM 'eka vastradhArI' aura 'zvetavastradhArI' niganya sAkko (zrAvakoM ) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| aura yaha 1. saplImenTa i TI kaoNnphuyensa oNpha opojisa pRSTha 27. 2. deto divyAvadAna pRSTha 165; jAtakmATA (S. B. B Vol. ) pRSTha 14.; vizAkhApatyu-dhamma padatya kathA ( P. T. S. Vol. I). bhAga 2 14 384, rAyolaoNgsa oNpha dI budra bhAga 3 pRSTha 14; mahAvagga 8,15,7.1,386, cumvaga8,28,3,sayuttanikAya 2,3,10,5. 1.nTayana enTorI mAga 43,

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-aura ma0 buddha] [61 digambara jaina zAstroMke sarvathA anukUla hai / vratI zrAvakoMko zvetavastra dhAraNa karanekA vidhAna uname milatA hai tathA gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI zrAvaka 'eka vastradhArI' kahA gayA hai / isake atirikta bauddhazAstrameM jaina muniyoMkI katipaya prakhyAt dainika kriyAyokA bhI isa prakAra varNana milatA hai "DAyolaoNgsa oNpha buddha" nAmaka pustaka (S. B. B.) ke 'kassapa-sihanAda-sutta' meM vividha sAdhuoMkI kriyAyokA varNana diyA huA hai / unameM eka prakArake sAdhuoMkI kriyAyeM nimnaprakAra dI haiM aura yaha jaina sAdhuoMkI kriyAyoMse bilakula mila jAtI haiN| isaliye hama donoMko yahAMpara dete hai:vauddhazAta 1-" vaha nagna vicaratA hai|" jainazAstra 1-yaha jaina munike 28 mUlaguNoM se eka hai aura yoM hai:'vatthAjiNavakkeNa ya ahavA pattAiNA asaMvaraNaM / NibhUsaNa NiggaMthaM acelakaM jagadi pUjjaM ||30||-muulaacaar / 2-" vaha DhIlI AdatoMkA hai| zArIrika karma aura bhojana vaha 1. yathA:-sadvadhA prathama smazrumUrdhajAnaapanAyayedate / sitakaupIna saM vyAnaH kartaryA vA kSureNa vA // 30 // tadvat dvitIyaH kinvAryasaMjJo hu~catyasau kacAna / kaupInamAtrayugdhatte yativatpratibhAsanam // 48 // -saagaardhrmaamRt| "utkRSTa zrAvako bhavet dvividhaH pavaikadhara prathama. kopiinprigrho'nystu|" -svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA ttiikaa|

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[ bhagavAna mahAvIra - khaDe 2 karatA hai, (bhale mAnasoMkI bhAMti jhukakara yA baiThakara nahIM karatA / " 2 - isameM 24 veM (asnAna ) 26 veM (adantagharpaNa) aura 27 veM ( sthitabhojana) mUlaguNokA ullekha hai / 3 - " vaha apane hAtha cATakara sApha karaletA hai / " 3 - jaina muni hAthokI aJjalimeM jo bhojana rakkhA jAvegA use vaisA hI khA lete haiM, grAsa banAkara nahI khaate| yahAMpara bauddhAcArya isI kriyAko vikRta AkSeparUpase batalA rahe haiN| 4 - ( jaba vaha apane AhArake liye jAtA hai, yadi sabhyatApUrvaka najadIka Aneko yA Thaharaneko kahA jAya ki jisase bhojana usake pAtra meM rakha diyA jAya to) vaha tejI se calA jAtA hai / " 4 - yaha mUlAcAra kI aiSaNA samitikI TIkAme spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai, yathA: 62] "bhikSAvelAyAM jJAtvA prazAnte dhUmamuzalAdizabde gocaraM pravizenmuniH / tatra gacchannAtidrutaM, na mandaM, na vilamvitaM gacchet // 121 // " - " vaha (usa) bhojanako nahIM letA hai / (jo usake nikaTa AhA/ rake liye nikalane ke pahile lAyA gayA ho ) / 5 - aiSaNA samiti muniko 46 doSarahita, mana, vacana, kAyakRta, kArita anumodanAke 9 prakArake doSose rahita bhojana grahaNa karanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai, ataeva lAyA huA bhojana khAsa unake nimittase banA jAnakara ve grahaNa nahIM -karate /

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 63 6 - 'vaha ( usa bhojanako bhI) nahI letA hai ( yadi batA diyA jAya ki vaha khAsakara usake liye banAyA gayA hai) / ' 6 - isameM bhI kArita anumodanA doSa prakaTa hai / 7 - ' vaha koI nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karatA 7 - yahA bhI ukta doSa hai, jaina muni nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karate / 8 - ' vaha nahI legA ( bhojana jo usa vartanameM se nikAlA gayA hogA ) jisameM vaha rAMdhA gayA ho 8 - yaha ' sthApita yA nyasta' doSa hai / 9 - ( vaha bhojana ) nahIM (legA ) AMganameM se ( ki zAyada vaha vahAM khAsakara usake liye hI rakkhA ho) ' 10- ( vaha bhojana) nahIM (legA ) jo lakaDiyoM ke daramiyAna rakkhA gayA ho / ' yn , 9-10. prAduSkara doSa hai / 11 - ( vaha bhojana ) nahI (legA) jo silavaTTe ke daramiyAna rakkhA ho / 11 - yahAM 'unmizra azana doSa' kA bhAva hai / 12 - jaba do vyakti sAtha2 bhojana karate haiM to vaha nahI legA kevala eka hI degA / 12 - yaha anIzvara vyaktAvyakta anIzArtha doSakA rUpAntara hai / 13 - ' vaha dUdha pilAtI huI strIse bhojana nahIM legA.... / ' 14 - ' vaha puruSake saga ramaNa karatI huI strI se bhojana nahI legaa|' 13-14 - yaha dAyaka azanadoSake bheda haiM / 19 - ' vaha * bhojana nahIM legA (jo akAlake samaya ) ekatrita kiyA gayA ho / ' ..

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64] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra15-yaha abhighaTa udgama doSa dIkhatA hai| 16-'vaha vahAM bhojana svIkAra nahIM karegA jahA pAsameM kuttA khddaaho|' 16-prathama pAdAtara jIva sampAta yA dazaka antarAya dopa hai / zve0 ke yahAM bhI yaha svIsta hai / 17-vaha vahAM bhojana nahI legA jahAM makkhiyokA Dhera lagA ho| 17-yahAM 'pANijaMtuvadha' antarAyakA abhiprAya hai / 18-vaha (bhojanameM) macchI, mAsa, madya, Asava, soravA grahaNa nahIM kregaa| 18-yaha spaSTa hai, yathAH"khIradahisappitela guDalavaNANaM ca ja paricayaNaM / tittakaTukasAyaMvilamadhurarasANaM ca jaM cayaNaM // 15 // cattAri mahAviyaDI ya hoti NavaNIda majjamAMsamadhU / kaMkhApasaMgadappA saMjamakArIo edAo // 156 // " . -muulaacaar| 19-vaha ' eka ghara jAnevAlA ' hotA hai. eka grAsa bhojana karanevAlA hotA hai yA vaha 'do ghara jAnevAlA' hotA hai.. do grAsa bhojana karanevAlA hai. yA vaha 'sAta ghara jAnevAlA hai-sAta grAsa taka karanevAlA hai| vaha eka AhAra nimitta do nimitta yA aise hI sAtataka jAnekA niyamI hotA hai| 19-yaha vRttiparisakhyAna kriyA hai| 20-vaha bhojana diname eka vAra karatA hai, athavA do diname ekavAra athavA aise hI sAta dinameM eka vAra karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha niyamAnusAra niyamita antarAlame-ardha mAsa takameM-bhojana grahaNa karatA rahatA hai|

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-aura ma0 buddha ] 20-yaha sAMkAkSAnazana nAmaka vrata hai| ina kriyAyoke vizada vivecanake liye 'vIra' varSa 2 aMka 23meM 'jaina muniyoM kA prAcIna bheSa' zIrSaka lekha dekhanA caahie| isake sAtha hI brAhmaNoMke zAstromeM bhI jaina muniyokA bheSa nagna batalAyA gayA hai| ina saba pramANoMko dekhate huye yahI ucita mAlUma hotA hai ki jaina tIrthaMkaroMne nirgrantha munikA bheSa nagna hI batalAyA thA / aura jaba unhoMne isa taraha isakA pratipAdana kiyA thA to vaha svayaM bhI nagna bheSameM avazya rahe the yaha pratyakSa hai| __ ataeva bhagavAn mahAvIrane parama upAdeya digambarIya dIkSA dhAraNa karake dAI dinakA upavAsa (velA) kiyA thaa| usake uparAMta jaba vaha sarva prathama muni avasthAmeM AhAra nimitta nikale to kUlanagarake kUlanRpane unako paDagAhakara bhaktipUrvaka AhAradAna diyA thaa| yahI bAta zrI guNabhadrAcAryanI nimna zlokoM dvArA prakaTa karate hai: 1. Rgveda 10 / 179, varAhamihira sahitA 1961 aura 45158 mahAbhArata // 26 // 27, rAmAyaNa bAukANDa bhUSaNa TokA 14 / 22; viSNupurANa 318 adhyAya, vedAntasutra 2 / 2 / 33-36, dazakumAra carita 2. 2. mahAvIra purANa, 3. rAjA aura nagarakA eka hI nAma honA hameM sadehameM DAla detA hai ki kahIM yahA~ kisI gaNarAjyake rAjAkA ullekha na kiyA gayA ho| isI anurUpa hamane apane 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' meM ina rAjAko 'kolyigaNarAjya' kA eka rAjA aura usake gaNarAjyakI rAjadhAnI 'devaka liM' ko kulagrAma vatalAyA hai| kintu pa0 vihArIlAla jI. sI. TI. kA kayana hai ki yaha nagara bhagavAna mahAvIrake kulakA nagara arthAta kuNDagrAma honA cAhiye, kyoki bhagavAnane bhAne janmasthAnake nikaTa hI dIkSA grahaga karake yoga dhAraNa kiyA thaa| yaha bhI anumAna 'kula prAma' ke artha 'kulakA grAma

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- 66] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra" atha bhaTTArakopyasmAdagAtkAyasthitiM prati / kulagrAmapurIM zrImat vyomagAmipuropamaM / / 318 // kUlanAmA mahIpAlo dRSTvA taM bhktibhaavitH| priyaMgukumamAMgAbhaH triH parItya pradakSiNaM / / 319 // praNamya pAdayoki nidhi vA gRhamAgataM / pratIkSyArghAdibhiH pUjyasthAne musthApya muvrataM / / 320 // gaMdhAdibhirvibhUSyaitadapAdopAMtamahItalaM / paramAnaM vizuddhyAsmai soditeSTArthasAdhanaM // 321 // " uttarapurANa / arthAt-"athAnaMtara pAraNAke dina ve bhaTTAraka mahAvIrasvAmI AhArake liye nikale tathA svargakI nagarIke samAna kulagrAma nAmakI nagarImeM pahuMce / priyaMguke phUlake samAna (kucha lAlavarNI) kAtiko lenese yuktisagata baiThatA hai, kintu isa dazAmeM kulnaekA patA lagAnA zeSa rahatA hai| isI kAraNa hamane Apake i5 matase asahamatatA prakaTa kI thii| parantu ava vizeSa adhyayanake uparAnta yaha jJAta huA hai ki usa samaya kulakA bhAva zabdArthama prAyaH paza yA gaNakA liyA jAtA yaa| vaudoMke zAkhoMmeM hameM aise hI udAharaNa milate hai| 'theragAthA meM kaI sthalopara 'kulagehe zanakA vyavahAra hubhA milatA hai / isakA anu. vAra mija hIsa DeviDsane Clansman's family kiyA hai| (See The Psalts of Brethern. P.51) isa apekSA yaha spaSTa hai ki kulanagara bhagavAna mahAvIrake kula athavA gaNakA nagara thA aura kUlapa bhI usI gaNake eka rAjA the, ki yaha hamako mAlUma hI hai ki zAdazI, licchavi Adi kula vAjayana garAja meM sammilita the aura ve loga rAjA kahalAte the| isIliye di0 jena graMtho meM jo ukta prakAra ullekha hai yaha gaNarAjyApekSA hai|

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [67 dhAraNa karanevAle una bhagavAnako usa rAjAne pUjya sthAnapara virAjamAna kara arghAdikase unakI pUjA kii| unake caraNakamalake samIpavartI ethivIkA bhAga gaMdhAdikase vibhUSita kiyA aura bar3I vizuddhike sAtha unheM iSTa arthako siddha karanevAlA paramAnna samarpaNa kiyaa|" bhagavAna pAraNA karake punaH vanameM Akara dhyAnalIna aura tapazcaraNa rata hogaye / 'vahAMpara nizaMkarItise rahakara unhoMne aneka yogoMkI pravRtti kI aura ekAta sthAnameM virAjamAna hokara bArabAra daza tarahake dharmadhyAnakA citavana kiyA / ' uparAnta vicarate huye ve ujjayanIke nikaTa avasthita atimuktaka nAmaka zmazAnameM pahuce aura vahAM pratimAyoga dhAraNa karake tiSTha gaye / usI samaya eka rudrane Akara unapara ghora upasarga kiyA, kintu bhagavAna jarA bhI apane dhyAnase calavicala nahIM huye / haThAt rudrako lajjita honA par3A aura usane bhagavAnakI ucita rUpameM saMstuti kii| sacamuca jo dhIra vIra hote haiM ve isa prakAra upasarga Anepara uddezya-pathase vicalita nahIM hote hai| kitanI hI bAdhAyeM AyeM, kitane hI saMkaTa upasthita ho, aura kitane hI kaNTaka mArgameM biche hoM; parantu dhIra vIra manISI unako saharSa sahana karake apane iSTa sthAnapara pahuMca jAte haiM / unheM koI bhI iSTa pathase vicalita nahIM kara sattA / bhagavAna mahAvIra parama dhIravIra gaMbhIra mahApuruSa the| vAstavameM ve anupameya the / unhone niyamita DhaMgase vAlyapaneke nanheM nIvanase saMyamakA abhyAsa kiyA thA / kramAnusAra usameM unnati karate huye ve usakA pUrNa pAlana karaneke liye parama digambara munibheSame suzo 1. uttarapurANa pRSTha 612-113.

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68] [ bhagavAna mahAvIramita huye the aura isa avasthAmeM unhone lagAtAra-bAraha varSakA jJAna dhyAnamaya tapazcaraNa kiyA thaa| isa taraha ma0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake sAdhunIvana vyatIta huye the / ma0 buddhane kisI niyamita sAdhusapradAyakA vyavasthita abhyAsa nahI kiyA thA aura bhagavAna mahAvIrane prAcIna nirgrantha zramaNokI kriyAyoMkA pAlana apane gRhatyAgake prathama dinase hI kiyA thaa| ataeva ina donoM yugapradhAna puruSoMke sAdhunIvana bhI bilkula vibhinna the| jJAnaprApti aura dhrmprcaar| 'manuSyameM pUrNapanekI saMpUrNa zakti vidyamAna hai' yaha vizvAsa ___ AtmavAdake suramya jamAnemeM pratyeka vyaktiko hRdayaGgama thA / kintu isa Adhunika pudgalavAdake dauradaureme yaha vizvAsa bahuta kucha lupta horahA hai| loga isa prAkRtika zraddhAna-AtmavizvAsakI orase vimukha horahe hai / AtmavAdakI rahasyamaya ghaTanAoMko upahAsakI dRSTise dekharahe hai| manuSyakI aparimita AtmazaktimeM Ana prAyaH logoMko avizvAsa hI hai, kintu satya kabhI ojhala ho nahIM sakA / dhUlakI koTirAzi usa para DAlI jAya, parantu usakA prakhara prakAza jyoMkA tyoM rahegA / AtmavAda eka prAkRtika siddhAnta hai usakA prabhAva kabhI miTa nahI saktA / pariNAmataH Ana isa bhautika sabhyatAmeM lAlita pAlita aura zikSita dIkSita huye vidvAna hI isake anAdinidhana siddhAntoMko pratyakSa pramANoM

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- aura maM0 buddha ] [ 69 dvArA svIkAra karaneko bAdhya huye haiM / sara olIvara laoNja mahodaya ina vidvAnoM meM agragaNya haiM / inhoMne apane svataMtra prayatnoM aura 1 AviSkAroM dvArA yaha pramANita kara diyA hai ki manuSyameM ananta zakti hai / svayaM paramAtmAkI pratimUrti usake bhItara maujUda hai / isa zarIra ke nAzake sAtha, usakA anta nahIM hojAtA / vaha jIvita rahatA aura paramocca jIvanako prApta karatA hai / ye udgAra yathArtha satya haiN| 'bhAratameM inakI mAnyatA aura upAsanA yuga pahilese hotI AI hai / aura Aja bhI isa pavitra I bhUmimeM isa mAnyatA ko hI Adara prApta hai, kintu nUtanaM sabhyatAke madamAte navayuvakaM Aja isa prAcIna satyako sahasA galeM utArane meM hicakate dRSTi paDate haiM / ataeva AtmavAdake liye bhautika saMsArake prakhyAt vidvAnke ukta udgAra harSotpAdaka zubha cinha haiM / iname AMzAkI vaha rekhA vidyamAna hai jo nikaTa bhaviSyameM saMsAra ko AtmavAdake sukhamArga para calateM dikhAyagI ! usa samaya sArA saMsAra yadi jainAcAryake sAtha yaha ghoSaNA karate dikhAI de to koI Azcarya nahIM kiH - 'yaH parAtmA sa evAhaM yo'haM sa paramastathA / I " 4 ahameva mayopAsyo nAnyaH kazciditi sthitiH|| ' bhAvArtha- 'jo paramAtmA hai vahI maiM hUM tathA jo maiM hUM so hI paramAtmA hai / isliye| maiM ' hI mere dvArA bhakti kiye jAneke yogya' hUM aura koI nahIM; aisI vastukI sthiti hai / ' vastutaH isa yathArtha vastusthitike anurUpameM yadi manuSya nirAlamba ho paugalika : prabhAvase mukha mor3ale to vaha isa satyake darzana sugama karale | 1 1. dekho jombekraoNnikala' - bhA~ga 13 saMkhyA 48 DI. pRSTha 11

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7.] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraphira isI dhunameM use zAMti aura sukhakA anubhava prApta ho aura vaha isI satyakI ucca tAna lagAve aura kahe: 'nija ghaTameM paramAtmA, cinmUrati maiyA / tAhi viloka sudRSTidhara, paMDita prkhaiyyaa'|| yahI prAcIna satya hai / bhAratake puruSoMne isa hI kI sarvathA ghoSaNA kI thI ! dhoSaNA hI nahIM, pratyuta tadapa AcaraNa karake unhone yathArthatAke vastusthitike-pratyakSa darzana logoko karA diye the| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha bhI unhI bhAratIya purAtana puruSoMkI gaNanAmeMse bAhira nahIM hai; yadyapi ma0 buddhake viSayameM itanA avazya hai ki unhoMne sAmayika paristhitiko sudhAraneke liye pragaTarUpameM AtmAke astitvase inkAra kiyA thA, parantu antataH aspaSTarUpameM unako usakA astitva aura mahatva svIkAra karanA par3A thA, yaha hama agADI dekheMge, ataeva yahApara hamako dekhanA hai ki ina donoM yugapradhAna puruSone kisarItise isa yathArtha Arya satyake darzana kiye the? ma0 buddhake viSayameM hama dekha Aye haiM ki ve paribAjaka Adi sAdhuoMke matokA abhyAsa karake, jaina sAdhukI jJAna-dhyAnamaya avasthAko prApta huye the / usa avasthAmeM unhoMne chaH varSakA kaThina tapazcaraNa dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isa tapazcaraNameM unakA zarIra bilkula sUkhagayA thaa| ve vilakula zithila ho gaye the parantu unane yaha saba tapazcaraNa nidAna bAdhakara prabuddha honekItIvra AkAnkSAse kiyA thA, isIliye vaha icchita phalako na de sakA ! basa,

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-aura ma0 buddha [71 ma0 buddhane jaba dekhA ki isa kaThina tapazcaraNa dvArA bhI unako uddezyakI prApti nahI hotI, to unhoMne kahAH ___"na ina kaThinAiyoke sahana karanevAle nAgavAra mArgase maiM usa anokhe aura utkRSTa pUrNa (AryoMke) jJAnako, jo manuSyakI buddhi ke bahAra hai, prApta kara pAUMgA / kyA sambhava nahI hai ki usake prApta karanekA koI anya mArga ho ?" / (E. R. E. Vol. II. P. 70.) __isake sAtha hI unhoMne zarIrakA poSaNa karanA punaH prArambha kara diyA, parantu isa dazAmeM bhI unakA zraddhAna AryoMke utkRSTa eva viziSTa jJAnameM tanika bhI kama na huA / unako usa utkRSTa jJAnake pAnekI lAlasA aba bhI rahI aura vaha usako anya sugama upAyoM dvArA prApta karaneke prayatnameM salagna hogaye; kintu itanA dRr3ha zraddhAna ma0 buddhako jo AtmAke utkRSTa jJAnakI zaktimeM huA, so kucha kama AzcaryapUrNa nahIM hai / avazya hI itanA dRr3ha zraddhAna isa utkRSTa jJAnameM usI avasthAmeM ho saktA hai jaba usake sAkSAta darzana usa zraddhAnIko hogaye hoN| ataeva isameM saMzaya nahIM ki ma0 buddhane avazya hI bhagavAna pArzvanAthake tIrthaka kisI kevalajJAnI RSirAnake darzana kiye hoMge | isI kAraNa unakA itanA dRr3ha zraddhAna thaa| ___ma buddha apane isa dRr3ha zraddhAnake anurUpameM anya sugama rItise isa utkRSTa AryajJAnako prApta karanemeM saMlagna the| itanI kaThina tapazcaryA jo unhoMne kI thI vaha vRthA hI jAnevAlI na thii| 1 buddha jIvana (S. B.E.XIX) pRSTa 147...

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72] [ bhagavAna- mahAvIrapariNAmataH unako bodhi-vRkSake nikaTa usa 'mArga 'ke darzana hogaye, jisakI ve khonameM the / bauddha zAstroMkA kathana hai ki isa avasaraparaunako pUrNa jJAnakI prApti huI thI aura ve 'tathAgata' hogaye the|' bauddhoMke isa kathanameM kitanA tathya hai, yaha hama unhIke zAstroMse dekheNge| ma. buddha tathAgata hogaye, parantu isa avasthAmeM bhI ve una saba prabhoMkA uttara nahIM dete the, jo saiddhAMtika vivecanameM sarvaprathama agADI Ate haiM aura sAmAnya logoMko eka gorakhadhaMdhAsA samajha paDate haiN| ataeva ina bAtoMko dhyAnameM rakhate hue hama sahasA bauddhoMkI ukta mAnyatAko svIkAra nahIM kara sakte 'ma buddhako 'vodhivRkSa ke nIce kisI prakArake uccajJAnake darzana avazya huye the, parantu kyA vaha pUrNa jJAna (kevalajJAna) thA, yaha-vicAraNIya hai| isake liye hama svayaM kucha na kahakara kevala bauddhoMke mAnya auraprAcIna graMtha 'milinda-panha ke zabda hI upasthitA kreNge| yahAM ma0 buddhake pUrNajJAna-(kevalajJAna yA sarvajJatA)ke viSaya meM pUche jAnepara bauddhAcArya-kahate haiM:___ "vaha jJAnakI dRSTi unake nikaTa hara-samaya nahIM rahatI thii| bhagavatakI sarvajJatA vicAra karanepara, avalambita thI,.. aura jaba vaha vicAra karate the to vaha usa bAtako jAna lete the, jisako vaha jAnanA cAhate the|" ____ isapara praznakartA rAjA milinda unase kahate haiM kiH mihAvaggaM pRSTa -74 / 3 dI gayolaoNgsa bhA~phabuddha-potyapAdasata (S: BB Vol. ii.' 24 bhaure kAryako buTisTa philAsaphI' pRSTa 36 aura /

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-aura-ma0 buddha] [73. " isa dazAmeM jaba ki vicAra karanese buddhaH kisI bAtako __ jAnate the, to vaha sarvajJa nahIM ho skte|" cauddhAcArya rAjAke isa kathanako kinhIM azoMmeM svIkAra karate huye kahate haiM: "yadi aise hI hai; saMmrAT ! to hamAre buddhako jJAna anya buddhoMke jJAnakI apekSA sUkSmatAmeM kama hogA aura isakA nizcaya lagAnA kaThina hai|" bauddhazAstrake isa kathanase yaha spaSTa prakaTa hai ki pUrNajJAna sarvavyApaka aura usake adhikArImeM sarvathA' sadA rahanA cAhiye / jaina zAstromeM sarvajJatAkI yahI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isa dazAmeM yaha sahasA nahIM kahA jA saktA hai ki ma buddhako bodhi vRkSake nikaTa 'sarvajJatA' kI prApti huI thii| jisa prakAra sarvajJatAkI vyAkhyA . 9: "...thies insight' of" knowledge KS not always tant contisience : ( consciously ) present with him. The omniscience of the- Blessed Onewas dependent on reflection. But if he did reflect he krew whatever be wanted to know. Tnen it ig sdid; Buddha canvotrhavel.beeti" omniscient, if this all-embracing knowledge was reached through investigation.". Nagsen replied : " If so, Great King, our, Buddha's knowledge must have been less in degree of fineness than' that oEother Buddhas. And thatruis a conclusion hard. to draw. '-Milinda-Panha ( S. B. E. Vol: XXXV. P. 154:)

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74] [bhagavAna mahAvIraukta bauddha granthameM kI gaI hai usa prakAra ma0 buddhakA jJAna prakaTa nahIM hotA / isI hetuse hama itanA kahanekA sAhasa kara rahe haiM, varan vRthA hI kisIkI mAnyatAko asvIkAra karanekI dhRSTatA nahIM kI jAtI / tisapara yaha vyAkhyA kevala ukta bauddha anya para hI avalambita nahIM hai| pratyuta ma0 buddhane svayaM isa bAtako spaSTataH svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| jaba unase sarvajJatAke viSayameM prazna huA to unhoMne TAlanekI hI koziza kI thii| ekavAra rAnA pasenadIne unase pUchA ki: " arhatoM (sarvajJoM) meM kauna sarva prathama hai ?" buddhane kahA ki " tuma gRhastha ho, tumheM indriya sukhame hI Ananda AtA hai| tumhAre liye saMbhava nahIM hai ki tuma isa praznako samajha sko|" isataraha yaha pratyakSa prakaTa hai ki bodhivRkSake nikaTa jisa divyajJAnake darzana ma0 buddhako huye the vaha pUrNajJAna athavA sarvajJatA nahIM thI; pratyuta usase kucha heya prakArakA vaha jJAna thaa| jaina dRSTise use hama avadhijJAna (vibhaMgAvadhi) kaha sakte haiM / 'therIgAthA' kI bhUmikAmeM bauddhAcArya ma0 buddhakI isa jJAnaprAptike 1. mahAparinivAnamutta (S. B. E Vol. XI.) pRSTha 14. 2. "He (King Pasenadi ) once asked the Buddha, " who is the foremost among the Arahats ? " The Buddha replied, "You are a householder, you find delight in sensual pleasures. It will not be possible for you to unerstand this question "-Samyutu-Nikaya. Pt. I. P.P.78-79.

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 75. viSayameM kahate hai ki ' isa samaya rAtake prathama praharame unhone apane pUrva janmoMke vRtAntoMko jAna liyA, madhyarAtameM unakI divya dRSTi pavitra hogaI, aura aMtima prahara meM kArya kAraNake siddhAntakI talI taka paiThakara unhoMne usako jAna liyA / ' isa kathana se hamAre ukta anumAnakI puSTi hotI hai / avadhijJAna dvArA vicArakara kisI khAsa viSayakI paristhiti batalAI jAsaktI hai aura avadhi - jJAnI apane va kisIke bhI pUrvabhava jAna saktA hai / isaprakAra isameM saMzaya nahIM ki ma 0 buddhako bodhivRkSake nikaTa avadhijJAnakI prApti huI thI / isa taraha jaba ma 0 buddhako sAdhAraNa jJAnase kucha adhikakI prApti huI, jo ki unake jIvanakI eka alaukika aura prakhyAta ghaTanA hai, to unake bhaktoMne unakI 'tathAgata' yA 'buddha' kahakara khyAti prakaTa kI / bhagavAna mahAvIrakA bhI ullekha ina nAmose huA milatA hai, parantu unakI jo 'tIrthaGkara' upAdhi thI, vaha ma0 buddha se bilkula vilakSaNa aura sArthaka hai / ma0 buddhake nikaTa usakA bhAva vidharmI mata pravartakakA thA / astu / jaba ma 0 buddhako 'samboghI' kI prApti ho cukI to unhoMne usa samayase dharmapracAra karanA prAraMbha nahIM kiyA thA, unako 1. In the first watch of the night he recalled his former lives, in the middle watch he purified the eye celestial; in the last watch he sounded the depth of the knowledge of the Causal Law -- Psalms of the Sisters. P. 5. 2. jainasUtra ( S. B. E) bhAga 1 bhUmikA XX "

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76] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrasaMzaya thA ki zAyada hI janatA unake 'saMdeza' ko samajha sake isaliye vaha kucha samaya taka ekAntameM rahakara zAntikA upabhoga karane lge| ' parantu antataH vaha apanI isa kamajorIko dUra karake dharmapracArake liye udyata hue / vauddha kahate haiM ki isa samaya svayaM brahmAne Akara unako utsAhita kiyA thaa| ataeva apane dharmakA pracAra karanekA dRr3ha nizcaya jaba unhone karaliyA, to unako isa bAtakI phikara huI ki kisa vyaktiko upadeza denA cAhiye / isapara unhone apane pUrvaguru 'ArAdakAlArma'ko isa yogya pAyA, kintu isI samaya kisI devatAne unase kahA ki ArAdakAlAmakI mRtyu ho cukI hai / isake sAtha hI unhone apanI jJAnadRSTise kAma liyA to yahI bAta pramANita hii| phireM dUsare guru uddakarAmaputtake viSayameM bhI yahI ghaTanA upasthita huI / antataH unhoMne 1. mahAvagga 1, 5, 1 (S B B. Vol. XIII. P. 84.) 2 buddhajIvana (S. B. E. XIX) pRSTha 148... 3. " The Buddha thought-to whom shall I preach the doctrine first He thought of his first tencher-Aldra-Kalama, but a deity- told that-he died seven days ago...then 'Knowledge sprang up jr the-Blessed One's-mind that-AlaraKalana died seven days ago.' Then he thought of his second Teacher Uddaka Raipatti, but the same fate turn out of him too." mahAvagga 1,6,-5 (S. B B Vol. XIII P. 89 ). isa kathanase bhI ma0 vudakA jJAna pUrNajJAna pragaTa nahIM hotA, pratyuta usa bhavadhijJAnakI puSi hotI hai jisakA ullekha hama pahile kara cuke hai| 4. pUrva 1,6,4.

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-aura ma0 buddha] [77 una pAMca RSiyoMko upadeza denA ucita samajhA jinake sAtha unhoMne chaH varSa taka ghora tapazcaraNa kiyA thA / usa samaya una pAMcoMko RSipaTTana-banArasa meM sthita jAnakara ma0 buddha usa hI ora prasthAna kara gaye / ' sambodhIke pazcAta ma0 buddhane apane Apa AhAra karanA niyama viruddha samajhA thA / isaliye unakA prathama AhAra tapussa aura bhallika vaNikoMke yahAM mArgameM huA thaa| ukta prakAra jaba ma0 buddha banArasako apane dharmapracArake liye jA rahe the, to mArgameM unako eka ' upAka' nAmaka AjIvaka bhikSu milA thaa| isake pUchanepara unhoMne apaneko 'sambuddha' prakaTa 1. mahAvagga 1,6,5 panArasake nikaTa RSipaTanameM ukta pAMcoM RSiyoMkA rahanA, jo sabhavata. jaina muni the, isa bAtakA dyotaka hai ki yaha sthAna jaina muniyoM kI tapazcaryAkA mukhya kendra thaa| isakI puSTi uttarapurANa ke isa kathanase hotI hai ki bhagavAna pAzvanAthane banArasake nikaTa avasthita dhana meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura yahIMpara unako kevalajJAnakI prApti huI thii| isa avasthAge yaha sthAna jainamuniyoMkI pAlI ho to koI vismaya nhiiN| majijhamanakAyameM ma0 buddhane eka 'RSigiri' kA ullekha kriyA hai aura vahA jaina muniyokA honA batalAyA hai| (P. T. S. Vol 1..P P.92-93). yadi RSipaTana' aura 'RSigiri' eka hI sthAna hai to hamAre ukta anumAnakA yaha eka aura pramANa hai| sAtha hI 'buddhajIvana' (S. B. E. XIX. P. 168)meM isa sthAna (banArasa) ko 'prAcIna RSiyoMkA nivAsa sthAna' (Where dwelb the ancient Rishis) batalAyA hai, ataeva isakA jainasthAna honA viskula spaSTasA mAlUma hotA hai / 2. mahAvagga 115 (S BE. XIII. P. 82) bhagavAna mahAvIra prabuddha hone uparAMta kavalAhAra nahIM karate the| unakI sattAse vedanIya karmake abhASa ho jAnese isakI AvazyaktA nahIM rahI thI /

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-78] [bhagavAna mahAvIrakiyA thA, parantu usa bhikSukako isa kathanapara saMtoSa nahIM huaa| usane kahA, 'jo Apa kahate haiM zAyada vahI ThIka ho / Akhira vaha vanArasa pahucagaye / vahAM RSipaTTanameM unhoMne apane pUrva paricayake pAMca RSiyoMko paayaa| pahile pahila unhoMne ma0 buddhake kathanapara vizvAsa nahI kiyA aura unakA ullekha sAmAnya rItise 'mitra'ke rUpameM kiyaa| isapara ma0 bukhane vizeSarItise unako samajhAyA aura AzvAsana diyA evaM apaneko 'tathAgata' kahanekA Adeza kiyA / taba unhoMne ma0 buddhake kathanako svIkAra kiyA aura unheM apanA guru mAnA / inameM mukhya kaunDinya kulaputrako sarva prathama ma0 buddhake 'madhyamArga' meM zraddhAna huA isaliye ve hI ma0 buddhake pahile anuyAyI the| uparAnta yahIM 'yaza' nAmaka vaNikaputrako bhI buddhane camatkAra dikhalAkara apane matameM dIkSitakara bhikSu banAyA thaa| isa samaya ma0 buddhake anuyAyI sAta the aura inako ve 'aIt' kahate the| bhagavAna mahAvIrako bhI manuSyetara divya zaktikI prApti thI; parantu unhoMne na kabhI kisIko apanA ziSya banAnekI icchA kI aura na isa zaktikA upayoga isa ora kiyaa| isa prakAra java ma buddhake anuyAyI 61 (aIta) hogaye taba unane bhikSuose kahA ki "he bhikSuoM / maiM mAnavI devI saba vandhanose mukta huA huuN| he bhikSuo | tuma bhI mAnavI aura devI saba bandhanoMse mukta hue ho / aba tuma, he bhikSuo ' anekoM 1. mahAvaraga 1948 (pRSTa 91)2 mahAvagga 1169. 3 mahAvagga 12612. (pRSTha 92) 4. mahAvagga 1620 aura 'buddhajIvana' (S. B.B.XIX) pRSTha 172. 5. mahAvagga 18 (pRSTha 102)

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 79 9 ziSyoMke lAbhake liye, anekoMkI bhalAIke liye, satArapara dayA lAkara, manuSyoM aura devoMke lAbha aura bhalAIke liye jAo / " isa samaya 'mAra' nAmaka devatAne Akara punaH ma0 buddhako apane dharmapracAra karanese rokA, parantu unhone upekSA kI aura apane bhikSuoMko svayaM hI anya ziSya dIkSita karane- 'upasampadA' denekA adhikAra dekara cahuMora bheja diyA / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhane tatkAlIna avasthAko sudhAraneke bhAvase apane dharmakA nIMvAropaNa kiyA thA / unhoMne pracalita rIti rivAjoko lakSya karake vinA kisI bhedabhAvake manuSyoMko apane dharma meM dIkSita karanekA dvAra khola diyA thaa| isase sAmAjika vAtAvaraName bhI sudhAra huA thA / tathApi unakA pUrNa lakSya apane dharmako sthApita karanemeM pracalita sAdhu dharmakA sudhAra karanekA thA / usa samaya sAdhugaNa ApasI zAstrArtho aura vAdoM meM hI samayako naSTa kara dete the| varSabhara meM ve tIna cAra mahInoMke sivAya zeSa sarva dinoM meM sarvathA idhara udhara vicara kara saiAtika vAdavivAdoMmeM hI prAyaH 1. "I am delivered, O Bhikkhus, from all fetters, human and divine You, O Bhikkhus, are also delivered from all fetters, human and divine Go ye now, O Bhikkhus, and wander, for the gain of the many, for the welfare of the many, out of compassion for the world, for the good, for the gain, and for the welfare of gods and men. etc." (Mahavagge. I, II, I). 2. mahAva 1111ra maur ArA1.

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-80 ] [-bhagavAna mahAvIra vyasta rahate the / ' isI kAraNa ma0 buddhane ina sAdhuoM ko isa rogase chuDAkara Atmasthitiko prApta karAneke liye saiddhAMtika vivecanakA sarvathA virodha kiyaa| virodha hI nahI pratyuta usako Atmonatike mArga meM argalA kharUpa ghoSita kiyA / yaha batalAyA ki vAdavivAdame Atmazuddhi nahIM hai / spaSTa kahA: 'yA unnatIsAssa vighAtabhUmi, mAnAtimAnam vadate - panayeso / etamapi disavA na vivAdayetha, nahi tena suddhim kusalavadaMti // 830 || suttanipAta // * bhAvArtha - " jo vAda eka samaya vAdIke harSakA kAraNa hai, vahI usake parAsta honekA sthala hogA, isapara bhI vaha mAna aura ghamaMDake 1. " There were teachers teachers or sophists who spent eight or nine months of every year wandering about precisely with the object of engaging in conversational discussions on matters of ethics and philosophy, nature lore and mysticism. Like the sophists among the Greeks, they differed very much in intelligence, in ealnestness and in honesty "-Buddhist India P. 141. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmameM bhI kore siddhAntika vAdavivAdako dRSTise dekhA gayA hai| jainAcArya zrI siddhasena divAkarake nimna zloka isI bAtako prakaTa karate hai: pedag " kva ca tattvAbhiniveza kva ca saMrambhAturekSaNa vadanam / kva ca sA dIkSA vizvasanIyarUpatAnRjurvAda // 2 // anyata eva zreyAsyanyata eva vicaranti vAdi vRSAH / vAkUsarambhaH kacidapi na jagAda suni zivopAyam // 7 // "

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-ora ma0 vuddha ] [81 AvezameM vAda karatA hai / isako dekhate huye, kisIko bhI vAda nahIM karanA cAhiye; kyoki kuzala puruSa kahate haiM ki isake dvArA zuddhi nahIM hotI / " isa prakAra mukhyata. usa samayakI paristhitiko lakSya karake unhone saiddhAMtika vAdavivAdako anAvazyaka batalAyA, parantu usa samayake zAstrIya vAtAvaraNako vaha ekadama palaTa na sake / Akhira svaya unako bhI saiddhAM taka bAtoM kA pratigadana gogarUpameM karanA hI paDA, yaha hama agAr3I dekheMge, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhakA uddezya sAmayika paristhitiko sudhAra kara logoko nAhirA zAtimaya jIvana vyatIta karanekA mArga sujhAnA thaa| unakA sAsArika jIvana suvidhAmaya sAdhu jIvana ho, yahI unako iSTa thaa| sAMsArika badhanoMme paDe huye logoMko gRhasthInese nikAla kara isa mArgapara lagAnA hI unakA dhyeya thaa| vaha yenakena prakAreNa manupyoke vartamAna jIvanako suvitrApUrNa sukhamaya devanA cAhate the| unake saghake bhikSubhikSuNI bhI isa hI prakAra ke sudhAraka the / 'theragAthA' kI bhUmikAme yI kahA gayA hai ki 'ye bauddha bhikSu sAmayika sudhArake liye kaTibaddha the | ve janatAko. dharma, prema, sAdA jIvana vyatIta karane, yaja sambandhI hiMsAse dUra rahane aura jAti pAtike bandhanokI upekSA karane ke upadeza dete the '' taraha ma0 buddhane nima dharmazInIka 1. DaoN. kathakI cud| phako ' Tha 33 .,"ty (.3nd lhist rulus ' esset lue the soul je orius Ito a dos 1.1111! ! odas, siy, tla. 101! 'if, th: isinin of Shaus in d other silvier, all in lori sofinha dirish.,' - link. Paellunu is hieu luciu XLVII.

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82 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra - " DAlI thI, vaha vastutaH prArambhameM eka sAmayika sudhArakI lahara hI thI ! vAstavame ma0 buddhakA 'madhya mArga' 'jisakA pratipAdana unhoMne sarva prathama banArasame kiyA thA / eka tarahase hinduoMkI jAti vyavasthA aura jainiyokI kaThina tapazcaryAki virodhake sivA aura kucha na thA / kamase kama prArambhameM to vaha eka saiddhAMtika dharma nahIM thA / isakI ghoSaNA nimnarUpameM ma0 buddhane svayaM kI thI:he bhikSuo, do aisI ati haiM jinase gRhatyAgiyoko bacanA cAhiye / yaha do ati kyA haiM ? eka Amoda pramodamaya jIvana; vaha jIvana jo kevala indriyajanita sukha aura vAsanA ke liye ho; yaha nIca banAnevAlA hai / indriyajanita, upekSAke yogya aura lAbharahita hai aura anya tapazcaraNamaya jIvana hai; yaha pIDA - maya upekSA yogya aura lAbharahita hai / ina dono atise bacanepara he bhikSuo, tathAgatako 'madhyamArga ' kA jJAna prApta huA hai; jo buddhi, jJAna, zAti, sambodhi, aura nirvANakA kAraNa hai / "" * ima kathanase spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhane usa samaya pracalita matamatAntaromeM svaya 'mAdhyamika' vanakara eka 'majholA' - madhyama kA mata sthApita kiyA thA / isameM unakA pUrNa lakSya apane liye evaM una sabake liye, jo unake matako mAnaneke liye taiyAra the, kimI rItime bhI pIDAkA anta kara denA thA / isaliye yathArthameM R 1 madhyamArga ' eka ora to karmayoga ke rUpa meM pracalita aniyamita sAMsArika sAdhujIvanake, jisameM satra hI sAMsArika kArya vinA 1. mahAgna 16102. mi. kIthako 'buddhisTa phioNsaphI pR 62.

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [83 phalaprAptikI icchAke kiye jAte the, aura dUmarI ora tapazcaraNake madhya eka ' rAjInAmA ' thaa|' yaha bhAvita hotA hai ki ma0 buddhane apane matake siddhAntoMkI ArpatA aura vaijJAnikatAkI ora dhyAna hI nahIM diyaa| unhoMne saiddhAntika vivecanameM paDaneko eka jhaMjhaTa smjhaa| basa unakA dhyeya eka mAtra vartamAna jIvanakI pIDAke dAruNa krandanase logoMko haTAnekA thaa| isIliye unhoMne tapazcaraNako bhI eka pIDotpAdaka ati samajhA, aura kahA ki:- "duHkha burA hai aura usase bacanA caahiye| ati (Excess ) duHkha hai / tapa eka prakArakI ati hai, aura duHkhavardhaka hai / usake sahana karanemeM bhI koI lAbha nahIM hai| vaha phalahIna hai| "- ( ERE. Vol. II P. 10). kintu ma0 buddhane tapazcaraNa kisa aniyamita DhaMgase kiyA thA, yaha hama dekha cuke haiM / vaha zrAvakakI Avazyaka kriyAokA abhyAsa kiye vinA hI sAdhunIvaname kamAla hAsila karanA cAhate the| AryoMke ullaSTa jJAnakI tIvra AkAMkSA rakhakara-usako pAnekA nidAna baoNdhakara vaha tapazcaraNakA abhyAsa kararahe the| isa dazAmeM tapazcaraNa pUrNa kAryakArI nahIM ho saktA thA / parvatakI zikharapara pahuMcaneke liye sIDiyoMkI AvazyaktA hai aura phira jaba saMtopapUrvaka una sIr3iyoMkA sahArA liyA jAyagA taba hI manuSya zikhira para pahuMca saktA hai / mAlUma par3atA hai ki ma buddhane isa ora dhyAna nahIM diyA / isa hI kAraNa vaha usake dvArA pUrNatAko prApta na kara sake / parantu to bhI unakA yaha prayAsa bilkula viphala nahIM gayA " 1." kaoNnphluyansa oNpha oNpoz2iTasa' pRSTha 149.

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[ bhagavAna mahAvIra thA, yaha hama dekha cuke hai / yadi ma0 buddhane isa ora dhyAna diyA hotA to vastutaH hama unase aura kucha adhika hI uttama vastu pAne ! bhagavAna mahAvIrane eka niyamita rItise sAdhunIvanakA abhyAsa kyiA thA aura vyavasthita Dhagase tapazcaraNakA pAlana kiyA thaa| isIriye vaha pUrNa kAryakArI huA, yaha hama Age dekheMge / vaise bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI aise thothe tapazcaraNako burA batAyA hai| unake nikaTa vaha kevala kAyakleza aura bAlakoMkA tapa hai| parantu vaha jAnate the ki jJAna dhyAnamaya avasthAke sAtha sAtha paramapada prAptike liye tapazcaraNa bhI paramAvazyaka hai| unake nikTa tapazcaryA vaha kImiyAI kriyA thI jo AtmAmeMse karmamalako dUra karake use bilkula zuddha banA detI hai| yaha tapazcaryA sasArI manuSyako pahile pahila to avazya hI jarA kaThina aura nAgavAra mAlUma par3atI hai, parantu jahA manupyako samyak ahAna huA vahA tatkAla hI isakI AvazyaktA najara paDa jAtI hai aura phira isake pAlanameM eka apUrva AnandakA svAda milatA hai / vastuta mihanatakA phala bhI mIThA hotA 1 pAmammiya Thio ko kuNadi tava pada ca dhAra yadi / te saca vATatavaM bAukati samvaNhU // 19 // vadaNiyamAga ratA saurANi tahA taSa ca kudhytaa| paramaha vAhirA jeNa te hoti aNNANI 60 // kundkundaacaary| baudroke 'majhima nikAya' / / 2:5.218) meM bhI bhagavA mahAvIrakI saha mAnatA svIkAra kI gaI hai / vakSA saJcaka zrAvaka, saSTa kahatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane kA dezako jJAnasahita paranA Avazyaka batalAyA thA / donoM ko adhinAbhAvI prATa piyA thA / (sAyanvaya cittaM he ti, rittana yo kayo hti)|

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-ora ma0 buddha ] [85 hai / tapazcaraNa eka paramotkRTa prakArakI mihanata hai. nisakA phala bhI paramollaSTa hai| ataeva pavitra sAdhunIvanakA yaha eka bhUSaNa hai / pratyeka mata-pravartakako ima bhUSaNako kisI na kisI rUpameM dhAraNa avazya karanA par3atA hai / ma0 yuddhane avara imamA virodha kiyA parantu antataH unako bhI ine kicita nyUnarUpameM svIkAra karanA hI paDA!' isa taraha ma0 buddhakI jJAna prAptike to darzana kara liye, aba pAThakagaNa Aiye, bhagavAna mahAvI ke jJAna prAptike divya avasarakA bhI digdarzana kara leN| bhagavAna mahAvIrane vyavasthita rItyA zrAvaka avasthAse hI sayamakA abhyAma karake munipanako dhAraNa kiyA thaa| muni avasthAmeM bhI pahile unhoMne DhAI dina (velA)kA upavAma kiyA thA aura phira eka bAraha varSake tapazcaraNakI parISahoko unhone sahana kiyA thaa| isa prakAra kramavAra Atmaunnati karate huye ve isa 12 varSake tapazcaraNako pUrNa karake vicararahe the, ki vaizAkha sudI dasamIke dina ve jambhaka grAmake bAhara RjukUlA nadIke vAmataTapara eka sAlavRkSake nIce virAjamAn huye tiSThane the| jJAna-dhyAnameM lIna the / samaya madhyAhnakA ho gayA thA ! sUrya apane pracaNDa prakAzase tanika skhalita ho cale the / usI samaya ina bhagavAna mahAvIrako divya kevalajJAnakI prApti huii| mAno isa parama prakhara AtmaprakAzakA divya udaya jAnakara hI usa samaya dinakara mahArAnakA bhautika prakAza phIkA paDa calA thaa| 1. muttanipAta (5. B.E) pRSTha 60 63, aura 146-148, rAtra dhammapada adhyAya 1.2 jainasUtra (S. B.E) bhAga 1 pRSTha 201 aura uttarapurANa pRSTha 614.

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86] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra usa suvarNa avasarapara kevalajJAnI ho gye| sAkSAt tIrthakara bana gaye / tIno lokakI carAcara vastuyeM unake jJAnanetra meM jhalakane lagI / ve sarvajJa ho gaye / trilokavadanIya bana gaye / jJAnAvaraNAdi cAra ghAtiyA karmoMkA unake abhAva ho gayA, isaliye ve sasArameM hI sAkSAt paramAtmA hogaye - sayoga kevalI vana gaye / usa samayase eka kSaNake liye bhI unakA jJAna manda na paDA / vaha jyokA tyo prakAzamAna rahA aura yUM hI hamezA rahegA / yahI divyajIvana hai / paramotkRSTa prakAza hai ! sAkSAt jJAna, zAMti aura sukha hai / 1 +7+ jisasamaya bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa huye, usa samaya saMsAra meM alaukika ghaTanAyeM ghaTita hone lagIM, jisase bhagavAnako sarvajJatAkA lAbha huA jAnakara devalokake indra aura devatAgaNa vahA unake nikaTa Anandotsava manAne Aye the / bhagavAnakI vandanA unhone aneka prakArakI thI / hama bhI usa divya avasarakA smaraNa karake mana, vacana, kAyakI vizuddhatA se bhagavAna ke pavitra jJAnavarddhaka caraNoMmeM natamastaka hote hai / usI samaya indrane bhagavAnakA sabhAbhavana - samavazaraNa racadiyA thA, jisakI vibhUtikA varNana jaina granthomeM khUba milatA hai / *isI samavazaraNakI gadhakuTImeM aMtarIkSa virAjamAna hokara bhagavAna mahAvIra sarva jIvoMko samAna rItise kalyANakArI upadeza dete the / . isa samavazaraNa meM 12 koThe the, jinameM RSigaNake uparAMta striyoko Asana milatA thA / inake bAda puruSa aura tiryaMcoMke liye sthAna 1. pUSana 2. mahAvIracaritra pR0 260 - 267

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-aura ma0 buddha] [87 niyata thaa| isa rItise bhagavAnakA upadeza tiryacoMtakako hotA thA / vastutaH bhagavAnake divya upadezase pazuoMko apane prANokA bhaya calA gayA thA / ve surakSita aura abhaya ho gae the| isa hI daivI samavazaraNa sahita bhagavAna sarvatra vihAra karate the / isa vihArameM unake sAtha caturnikAyaka saMgha aura mukhya gaNadhara bhI rahate the| bhagavAnake sarva prathama ziSya aura mukhya gaNadhara vedapArAMgata prakhyAt brAhmaNa indrabhUti gautama the| bhagavAna mahAvIrane sanAtana satyakA upadeza sarva prathama inhIko diyA thaa| inako manaHparyayajJAnakI prApti huI thI aura inhoMne hI mukhya gaNadharake padapara virAjamAna hokara bhagavAnakI dvAdazAGga vANIkI racanA kI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA upadeza sanAtana yathArtha satyake sivA aura kucha na thaa| unhoMne apanI sarvajJatA dvArA sarva vastuoMkA yathArtharUpa vivecita kiyA thA isaliye vastusthitike anurUpameM hI unakA upadeza thaa| unhone kisI navIna matakI sthApanA nahIM, kI thI, balki prAcIna jainadharmako punaH jIvita kiyA thaa| jainadharmakA astitva unase bhI pahile vidyamAna thA; parantu bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayame usako vizeSa pradhAnatA prApta nahIM thI, isaliye bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayAnusAra usakA punaH nirUpaNa huA thA / yaha sanAtana dharma avyAvAdha sarva sukhakArI aura amara jIvanako pradAna karanevAlA thA / jisa taraha vastukI maryAdA thI usI taraha usameM batAI gaI thii| yahI dharma Aja jainadharmake nAmase vikhyAta hai| 1. uttarapurANa pRSTha 614 bhaura jainasutra (S. B. E.) bhAga 2 pRSTha 41 noTa 2. 2. uttarapurANa pRSTha 616.

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88] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraisa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvatra the aura unakA dharma yathArtha satya thA / yaha mAnyatA kevala janoMkI hI nahIM hai. pratyuta bora aura brAhmaNa zAstra bhI isa hI yAtakI puSTi karate he / ' ekasAra ma0 buddhane svayaM kahA thA --- ___bhAiyo ! kucha aise sanyAmI hai, ( acelaka, AnIvika, nigatha Adi ) jo aisA zraddhAna rakhane aura upadeza karate haiM ki prANI jo kucha sukha duHkha va samabhASakA anubhava karatA hai vaha saba pUrva karmake nimittase hotA hai| aura tapazcagNase, pUrva karmake nAgase, aura naye oke na karanese, Azravake kanese kamA kSaya he tA hai aura isa prakAra pApakA kSaya aura sarva dukhakA vinAza hai / bhAiyo, yaha nirgrantha (jaina ) kahate haiM maiMne unase pUchA kyA yaha saca hai ki tumhArA aisA zraddhAna hai aura tuma isakA pracAra karate ho . unhone uttara diyA hamAre guru nAtaputta sarvajJa haiM.. unhoMne apane gahana jJAnase isakA upadeza diyA hai ki tumane pUrvameM pApa kiyA hai, isako tuma ugra aura dussaha AcAmse dUra karo aura jo AcAra mana vacana kAyase diyA jAtA hai usase AgamI janma bure karma kaTa jAte haiM isa prakAra saba karma antameM kSaya ho jAyage 1. bauddha zakhomeM nimna sthAnoMpara bhagavAna mAvIrakI sarvajJa / / sIkAra kI gaI hai --majijhamanikAya // 230 aura 12-93; agura nika ya 3/74 nyAyabindu adhyAya / antimameM sajanAkA nirUNa karake udAharaNameM RSama aura baddhapAra (mahAbora) kA ullekha kiyA hai; yathAH sajJa AhovA sajyortijJAnAdikamudiSTavAn // yathA / Rrama vardhamAnAdiriti / ' (nyAyabindu ) brahmaNa ullekha kerala 'pAtra (Keilhorn, V. I.) meM milatA hai| - -

Page #105
- ora ma vudra ] [ 89 aura sAre duHkhakA vinAza hogA | usa same ina sahamA hai / " ( majjhima 2/214 ) svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isa uddharaNa meM spaSTa rItise bhagA mAnorI sarvajJanA aura unake dvArA pratipAdina dharmasiddhAnta vAstava meM bhagavAna mahAvIrane inhIM bAto upadeza diyA thA, jilA ullekha ukta uddharaNane hai / iye yaha bhI pratyakSa hai ki Aja jo dharma prApta hai vaha mUlame vahIM hai jisakA pratipAdana bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kiyA thA / hA, usake bahyabhepane antara par3A ho to koI vi maya nahIM / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sarvajhata ke saba me Ajakala ke vidvAn bhI hamAre uparokta kathanakA ma the. karane hai / DaoN0 vimalacaraNa laoN I ema0 e0, pI0 eca0 DI0 adi bauddha pratho ke sahArese likhate 'hai ki ' ve bhagavAna sarvaja, sarvadarzI, ananta vevalajJAnake dhArI, calate - ne sone-jAgate saba samaya sarvajJa the / ve jAnate the ki kimane kisa prakArakA pApa kiyA hai aura kimane pApa nahIM kiyA hai / ve prakhyAt jJAtrika mahAvIra apane dapyoke pUrvabhava mI batA sakta the / ' Apa hI bauddhoke ' ruyukta nikAya ' meM likhA batalAne hai ki 'jAtri kSatriya mahAvI* bahuta hI hoziyAra aura parama vidvAn, eka dAtAra puruSa, catupresara se indriyanigraha meM dattacitta aura svayaM dekhI sunI vastuo ko batalAnevAle the / janatA unako bahuta hI pUjyadRSTise dekhatI thI / + eka anya vidvAn, bauddhoMke * 6 1 jaina sUtraM (S. B. E ) bhAga 2 bhUmikA pRSTha 15 sama kSatriya TUinsa Apha aintiyenTa inDa pR0 108 + pUrva pR0 12.

Page #106
- - 90] { bhagavAna mahAvorasiMhala mAnyatAke AdhArase, bhagavAna mahAvIrake anantajJAnake saMbaMdhame kahate haiM ki 'ye mahAvIra apaneko pApase rahita batalAte the aura yaha ghoSaNA karate the ki nipa kisIko koI zaMkA ho athavA kisI viSayakA samAdhAna karanA ho, vaha hamAre pAsa Ave, hama usako acchI taraha samajhA leNge|' isakA bhAva yahI hai ki bhagavAna prAkRta rUpameM apane dhavala kevalajJAnase logokA pUrNa samAdhAna kara dete the, ve pUrNa sarvajJa the-une sagaka honese koI kAraNa zepa nahIM thaa| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake dharmapravataka rUpame bhI eka samAna darzana nahIM hote / bhagavAna mahAvIrane sarvajJa honepara kisI navIna matakI sthApanA nahIM kI thii| ma0 buddhana 'madhyamArga' ko vodhivRkSake nikaTa jAna lenepara eka navIna matakI sthApanA kI thii| jisaprakAra prArambhase hI ina dono yugapradhAna puruSoM ke jIvana meM koI vizeSa sAmyatA nahIM thI, usIprakAra isa avasthA bhI hamako koI samAnatA dekhaneko nahIM miltii| ma0 buddhane apanI 35 varSakI avasthAse hI apane dharmakA pracAra karanA prArabha kara diyA thA,' aura bhagavAna mahAvIrane tabataka koI upadeza nahIM diyA jabataka ki unhone karIba 43 varSakI avasthAmeM ukta prakAra sarvajJatA prApta na kara lii| phira dharmapracArake liye jo unhoMne sarvatra vihAra kiyA thA, vaha bhI eka dUsarese bilkula vibhinna thaa| x spensa hArDI, mainubhala oNpha buddhijmaH pR0 302. 1 buddhajovana (S B.E) bhAga 19. 2 jainasUtra (S B. E.) bhAga 1 pRSTha 219 aura bhagavAna mahAvIra pRSTha 213.

Page #107
-aura ma0 buddha ] [91 ma0 buddhane bodhivRkSase calakara sarva prathama banArasameM upadeza diyA thA / aura phira ve kramazaH uruvelA, gayAsIpta, rAjagRha, kapilavastu, zrAvastI, rAjagRha, kodanAvatthu, rAjagRha, zrAvAtI, rAjagRha, banArasa, bhadiya, zrAvastI, rAjagRha, zrAvastI, rAjagRha, banArasa, andhakabindu, rAjagRha, pATaligAma, koTigAma, nAtikA, Apana, kusInArA, AtUma, zrAvastI, rAjagRha, dakSiNAgiri, vaizAlI, banArasa, zrAvastI, campA, kozAmbI, pArileyyaka, zrAvastI, bAlakAlonkaragAma, veluva, kusInArAmeM vicarate rahe the| banArasameM hI unhoMne ziSyoMko 'upasapadA' dene-ziSya banAnekI AjJA de dI thii| gayAsIsameM jaba maujUda the taba unake ziSyorI saMkhyA eka hajAra thii| pahile hI rAjagRhame jaba pahuce taba sajayake zipya sArIputta aura maudgalAyana unake matameM dIkSita huye / inake viSayameM hama pahile hI likha cuke hai / isake bAda hI unhone ' upAdhyAya ' aura 'AcArya' pada niyukta kiye parantu ina donoke kartavya eka the| yaha eva anya kriyAyeM ma0 buddhane anya matomeM pracalita rItiyoke prabhAvAnusAra svIkRta kI thiiN| isI samaya unhoMne zAkyavaMzI vyaktiyoke liye khAsa riyAyata karanekA bhI Adeza diyA thaa| phira dvitIya bAra jaba zrAvastIse ve rAnagRha Aye to rAjA zreNika bimbasArake Agrahase 'titthiyoM kI bhAMti aSTamI, caturdazI aura pUrNamAsIke dinopara ekatrita hokara upadeza denekA Adeza bhikSuoMko diyaa| isake 1. mahAvagga (S. BF.) meM jisa prakAra yaha vivaraNa diyA hai vaise hI yahAM para diyA gayA hai| 2. mahAvagga (S BE) pRSTha 134. 3 pUrva pRSTha 150 aura 178. 4. pUrva pRSTha 191. 5. mahAga (S. B. B.) pRSTha 240.

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..] gagana mahAgora. gada phira nA vaha rAjAha bhAye taba gaMgA bAta karanepara unhoMne 'pI' gAne ci bhikSuoro ekAnagara Thaharane kA niyama bngraa|' yaha niyama divasa minubho hAga pahile hI vIrata thA | urAnta anyApinameM jara mA buha the taba unake sAtha 1960 zizu the| phiA va Apanase dumItArAze ve gaye to unake sAtha kevala 250 rikSu ra gare the|' yahAme jaba Atama to huthe ve zrAra tI pahuce. natra bhikSuo parampara mata bheda aura gada khaDA ho gayA thA aura nima samArogAmbI meM maujUda the, uma samA unake jhagaDene vikaTarUpa dharaNa para liyA thaa| yahAtaka ki ma buddha ke samajhAne para bhI ve na mAne. aura unase sapTa kara deza ki ' Apa zAtime apane prata sukhakA upabhoga kIniye / hama loga apane Apa nibaTa lage !''ma0 yuddha inase bhalA burA kahakara pAlamloimgAmako cale gye| yahAMpara eka cAgavAnane bagIce meM jAneme unase TokA thaa| phira ma0 buddha pariyyaka aura zrAvastIko gaye the| antima 'sA' unhoMne vaigAlIke nikaTa avasthita velurameM vitAI thI aura antataH kusInArAmeM vaha prApta huye the| velubameM koI kaThina rogase ve pIr3ita huye the| uma rogako unhoMne apane yogavalase zamana kiyA thA / ina rogame mukta hokara jaba ve kusInArAro nA rahe the, to mArgameM 1. pUrva ( 2) pRSTa 098 2. mahAvagga (. B E VI. 25 2 ) bha ga ra pRSTa 10. 3 pUrNa (VI 36 ) pRSTha 125 * pU (VI 39) pRSTha 14, 5. pU( 23) pRSTha 293 .. 6. pUrva (x 47 ) pRSTha 313. . buddhisTakRta (S. B. LXI ) pRSTha 34.

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- aura ma0 buddha [ 13 canDa luhArake yahAM unhone suara ke mAMsa ke soradekA antima bhojana kiyA thA / antata kuzInArAmeM unhone ziSyo thA aura Anandase kahA thA ki.. - upadeza diyA "" ataeva he Ananda ! tuma apane Apa apane taI prakAza rUpa bano / apane apanI hI apanI zaraNa samajho / kisI ba'hya zaraNakA AsarA na tA / satyako prakAzarUpa jAnakara usako hI acchI taraha grahaNa kro| usI satyako trANadAtA jAno / apane Apake sivA kisI anyame zaraNakI lAlamA mata rakkho / "* isI avasara para anandane kisI prakhyAt nagara campA AdimeM apane antima divasa vyatIta karane kA Agraha ma 0 vuddhase kiyA thA / isapara ma0 buddhane kumInA kI pUrva vibhUtikA smaraNa karAkara Anandako zAnta kiyA thA / vastuta: yahApara unhone Ananda ke tIvra mohako apane meMse haTAne ke liye yaha saba upadeza diye the / Akhira unhone apane antima jIvanakA sabhya nirdiSTa karate huye anandane vahA thA 3 Lahigh " Ananda ' ana tuma kusInArAmeM jAgara kumInAgake gla rAjAose kaho, 'Ajake dina, he vAsedugaNa, trike antima paharame tathAgatakA sarva antima maraNa hogA / he vAgaNa, kRpAlu hoo, yahAM kRpAlu hoo| isake va da apane Apako yaha kahane avasara na do, hamAre hI grAmameM tathAgatakI mRtyu huI aura hamo tathAgata antima samayame darzana na kara pAye ' I ..T - 1. mahAparine vAnamRta AI pRSTha 38 ) 2 buddhin dRSDa 4. pUrva pRSTha 99.4 Go non Aaa, and e to in o buddhaBL hArinidAna 7 11 *

Page #110
94] [bhagavAna mahAvora___ isa hIke anurUpameM ma0 buddhakA jIva usa rAtriko isa nazvara zarIrako tyAga gyaa| unake anuyAyiyoMne unake zarIrakI antyeSTha kriyA kI / uparAnta cauddhazAstra kahate hai ki licchavi, malla, kolyi, zAkya Adi kSatriya rAjAone unake zarIrakI bhasmako maMgavAkara, usakI smRtimeM stUpa banavAye the| isa taraha ma0 buddhakA dharmapracAra aura antima samaya pUrNa huA thaa| __ bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI apane samavazaraNakI vimRti sahita sarvatra vihAra kiyA thaa| digambara aura zvetAmbara zAstroMmeM isameM bhI antara avazya hai, parantu vaha kucha vizeSa mahatva nahIM rakhatA / zvetAmbara zAstra usakA ullekha varSARtu vyatIta karaneke rUpameM karate hai / digambara kahate hai ki tIrthakarAvasthA, varSARtu vyatIta karanekI AvazyaktA nahIM, kyoki tIrthakara bhagavAnakA zarIra itanA vizuddha ho jAtA hai ki usake dvArA kisI prakArakI hiMsA honA vilkula asaMbhava hai| ataeva zve0 ke anusAra " bhagavAna mahAvIrane prathama cAturmAsa asthikagrAmameM, phira tIna cAturmAsa campA Kusipari, and inform the Nollas of Kusin,ra, srying, 'This day.O Vasett has, in the last ratch of the night, the final passing away of the Tathngata will take place. B, fivourable herein, O Vasetthas, bo favourabilt, Give no ojcasion to 2cproach yourselves hereafter, saying, In our own village did the death of our Tathagata took place, and we took pot the opportunity of visiting the Tathagats in his last hours." -Mahapariniblana Sutta. V. 45. - wn f;

Page #111
- aura ma0 yuddha ] [ 15 aura dRSTicampAmeM, bAraha vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAmameM, caudaha rAjagRha aura nAlandameM, chai mithilAmeM, do bhadrikA meM, eka AlabhikAmeM, eka panitabhUmimeM, eka zrAvastImeM, eka pAvAmeM rAjA hastipAlakI kacaharI meM vyatIta kiye the / "" aura digambarI va zAstra isaprakAra catalAte haiM ki " jisaprakAra bhavyavatsala bhagavAna RSabhadevane pahile aneka dezoM meM vihAra kara unheM dharmAtmA banAyA thA usI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI madhyake ( kAzI, kauzala, kauzalya, kusadhya, azvaSTa, trigartapacAla, bhadrakAra, pATacAra, mauka, matsya, kanIya, sUrasena eva vRkArthaka ), samudrataTake (kaliMga, kurujAgala, kaikeya, Atreya, kAboja, vAruhIka, yavanazruti, siMdhu, gAMdhAra, sauvIra, sUra, bhIru, dazeruka, vADavAna, bharadvAna aura kvAthatoya ! aura uttara dizA ke ( tArNa, kArNa, pracchala, Adi ) dezomeM vihAra kara unheM dharmakI ora Rju kiyA thA ! mahAvIrapurANa ke anusAra videhame ( vajjiyanarAjasano ) rAjA ceTakane bhagavAna ke caraNokA Azraya liyA thA | agadezake zAsaka kuNikane bhI bhagavAnakI vinaya kI thI aura vaha kauzAmbI taka bhagavAna ke sAthara gayA thA / cauzAmbI me vahAke nRpati zatAnIkane bhI bhagavAnakI upAsanA kI thI aura vaha antameM bhagavAna ke saMgha meM sammiti hogayA thA / magadheza zreNika bhagavAnake ananya bhakta the aura inhIMkI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha meM bhagavAnane adhika samaya vyatIta kiyA thA / rAjapurake suramalaya udyAnameM jisasamaya bhagavAna virAjamAna the, usasamaya edd 1. jainamutra ( S. B. E) bhAga 1 pRSTha 264 2. harivazapurAga ( kalakattA saMskaraNa ) pRSTha 18

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[ bhagavAna mahAyora vahA~ke rAnA jIvaMdharane dIkSA gRhaNa kI thii| tathApi nisasamaya bhagavAna sarva prathama rAnagRha nagara Aye the, usa samaya vedapArAgata vidvAna indrabhUti gautama unake sAtha the| inake atirikta aura ___ bahutase brAhmaNa aura kSatrI rAnaputra tathA yaNaka seTha Adi bhagavAnake bihAra aura dharmapracArase prabuddha hue the| rAjakumAra abhaya, zatavAhana Adi munidharmameM lona hue the / jyeSTA, candanA sadRza rAnakumAriyA bhI AryikA huI thI / rAnagRhake seTha zAlibhadra, dhanyakumAra, prItakara Adi mahAnubhAva vaNi nese parama puruSArthaka abhyAsI hue the / antame dharmapracAra karate hue bhagavAna pAvApura pahuMce the aura vahIme unTone mokSalAga liya / noTa-kucha logo kA mthya lA ki bhagavAna mahAvIravA dharma bhAratame hI sImita rahA thA parantu yaha unakA korA khyAla hI hai| andhapone batlA diyA hai ki namuni yUnAna, rUma aura nA jaise sudUra dezoMmeM dharmapraca yena the| (dekho bhagagana mahAvIra pR. 7) akIbAre naye gA pradezameM yUnAniyoko gamuni (Gymooltaic) mi aizaya Tika risarcena bhAga 3 pR0 6) yUnAnameM AnatakanagunikA samAdhisthAna hAkI rAjadhAnI athensame traH |hmnmuni zramaNAcA nAmaka the aura bhRgukamchase gaye the| . na hanTaoNrIkala kvArTa bhAga 2 pR. 293) madhyaai gayA / navalA huA thA, yaha bhI prATa hai| (DuboI. DimbI. karena Apha iDiyana popula, i. utta'puHna pRS 5, 2 napAra (BLI pRSTha i08

Page #113
- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 97 bhUmikA) inDocAinA (Indo- China ) meM bhI jainadharmake astitvake cinha milate hai | vahAMke san 918 ke eka zilAlekhame rAjA bhadravarmana tRtIyako jinendra ke sAgarakA eka mIna likhA hai tathA jainAcAryakRta kAzikAvRtti vyAkaraNakA use pAragAmI batAyA hai / ( iMDi0 hisTA * kvArTarlI bhAga 1 0 609) tathApi jAvAse eka aisI mUrtike darzana vi0 vA0 campatarAyajIne varalinake ajAyaba gharameM kiye haiM, jo jaina mUrtiyo ke samAna hai / ataeva ina thoDese udAharaNoMse spaSTa hai ki jainadharma bhAratameM hI sImita nahIM rahA thA / bauddha dharmakI taraha vaha bhI eka samaya videzo meM phailA thA / isaprakAra digambara aura zvetAmbara donoMhI isa bAtako pragaTa karate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mokSaprAptikA sthAna pAvA hai / yaha nagarI dhanasampadAme bharapUra malla rAjAokI rAjadhAnI thI / ' yahAke loga aura rAjA hastipAla bhagavAna mahAvIrake zubhAgamanakI bATa joha rahe / the / isaliye ma 0 vuddhake antima samayake varaaksa bhagavAna mahAvIrako koI khabara kahI ko nahIM bhejane par3I thI / vastuta. bhagavAna kRtakRtya ho cuke the, icchA aura vAJchAse pare pahuMca cuke the isaliye unake vipayameM aisI bAteM bilkula hI sabhava nahIM thI / zrIguNabhadrAcAryajI bhagavAna ke antima divya jIvanakAlakA varNana nimnaprakAra karate haiM: - 46 kramAtpAvApuraM prApya manoharavanAMtare / vahUnAM sarasAM madhye mahAmaNizilAtale / / 502 // sthitvA dinadvayaM vItavihAro vRddha nirjaraH / kRSNa kArtikapakSasya caturdazyAM nizAtyaye // 510 // 1 suttanipAta ( S. B. E. ) 1088.

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98] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAtiyoge tRtIyeddhazurudhyAnaparAyaNaH / kRtatriyogasaMrodhasamunchinnakriyaM zritaH / / 511 // hatAghAticatuSkaH sannazarIro guNAtmakaH / gatA munisahasreNa nirvANaM sarvavAMchitaM // 21 // " bhAvArtha-" vihAra karate 2 antameM ve (bhagavAna) pAvApura nagarame pahuce aura vahAke manohara nAmake vaname aneka sarovaroMka madhya mahAmaNiyoMkI zilApara virAjamAna huye / vihAra chor3akara (yoganirodhakara ) nirAko vAte hue ve do dina taka vahA virAjamAna rahe aura phira kArtika kRSNA caturdazIkI rAtrike aMtima samayameM svAti nakSatrameM tIsare zukladhyAname tatpara huye / tadanantara tIno yogoMko nirodhakara samucchinnakriyA nAmake cauthe zukladhyAnakA Azraya unhoMne liyA aura cAro aghAtiyA karmoM ko nAzakara zarIra rahita kevala guNarUpa hokara ekahajAra muniyoke sAtha sabake dvArA vAJchanIya aisA mokSapada prApta kiyaa|" isaprakAra mokSapadako prAptakara puruSArthake aMtima anantasukhakA upabhoga ve usI kSaNase karane lge| bhagavAnake isa patima divya avasarake samaya bhI svargalokake indra aura devatAgaNa Aye the.aura unhone mohako nAza karanevAle bhagavAnake zarIrakI pUnA vaMdanA kI thii| isa samaya bhI alaukika ghaTanAyeM ghaTita huI thI aura aMdherIgatrimeM eka apUrva prakAza cahuora phaila gayA thA / antataH una devoMne usa pavitra zarIrako agnikumAra devoMke indra ke mukuTase pragaTa huI agnikI zikhAmeM sthApana kiyA thaa| isI avasarapara 1. uttarapurANa pRSTha.744-745.

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 99 AsapAsake prasiddha rAjA loga bhI pAvApura meM pahuMce the aura vahA - para dIpotsava manAyA thA / ' kalpasUtra' meM inakA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai: "usa pavitra divasa jaba pUjyanIya zramaNa mahAvIra sarva sAMsArika duHkhose mukta ho gaye to kAzI aura kauzala ke 18 rAjAone, 9 malla rAjAoMne aura 9 licchavi rAjAoMne dIpotsava manAyA thA / yaha proSadhakA dina thA aura unhoMne kahA - 'jJAnamaya prakAza to lupta ho cukA hai, Ao bhautika prakAzase jagatako daidIpyamAna canAyeM / " 1 mAno usa samaya Ajakala ke bhautikavAdake prakAzakI hI bhaviSyavANI una rAjAone kI thI / isa prakAra usa divya avasarake anurUpa Ajatake yaha dIpotsavakA tyohAra calA ArahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrake paramazreSTha lAbhakI puNya smRti aura pavitratA isa tyohArameM garbhita hai / isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake antima jIvanakA varNana hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana sAkSAt paramAtmArUpa meM hote hai / vastutaH unakA yaha jIvana anupama thA / unake jIvanase ma0 buddhake jIvanakI tulanA karanA eka niSphala kriyA haiM, parantu jaba saMsAra donoM vyaktiyoMko samAnatA detA hai to tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hI thA / 1 jainasUtra (S. B. E. bhAga 1 pRSTha 266. 1

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1.00 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra - (5) pArasparika kAlanirNaya / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake pArasparika jIvanakA hama tulanAtmaka rIti se adhyayana kara cuke haiM aura hamane usameM kahIM bhI sAmyatA nahIM pAI hai / pratyuta jIvana ghaTanAokI vibhinnatA hI sarvathA dRSTi paDatI rahI hai| aisI avasthAmeM yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha eka hI vyakti na hokara do samakAlIna yugapradhAna puruSa the ! samakAlIna avasthA meM bhI inake jIvanokA pArasparika sambandha kyA thA, yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai, parantu bhAratIya itihAsa jitanA aspaSTa aura aMdhakAramaya hai usako dekhate huye Ajase karIba DhAIhajAra varSa pahile huye yugapradhAna puspoMke pArasparika jIvana sambandhokA ThIka patA lagA lenA bilkula asambhava bAta hai / to bhI jo sAhityasAmagrI upalabdha hai usakA Azraya lekara hama isa viSaya me eka nirNayapara pahuMcane kA prayatna kareMge / 9 yaha hamako mAlUma hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrako nirvANalAbha usa samaya prApta huA thA jaba ve karIba bahattara varSake the / aura ma0 buddhakA 'parinivvAna' jaisA ki bauddha kahate hai, unakI assI varSakI avasthAmeM huA thA / isase yaha bilkula spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhakI umara bhagavAna mahAvIrase adhika thI / aba ina donoM yugapradhAna puruSoMke janma samaya meM kitanA antara thA, yaha jAnanA zeSa 1. jainasUtra ( S. B, E) bhAga 1 pRSTa 269. 2 buddhisTa sunasa (S. B. E. ) praSTa 9 - 101.

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-aura ma0 yuddha [ 101 hai / unakA pAraspArika janma aMtara prApta honeke sAtha hI hamako unakI anya jIvanaghaTanAokA sambandha spaSTataH jJAta ho jaaygaa| isa viSayameM DaoN. hArnalesAhabane vizeSa adhyayanake uparAta yaha nirNaya pragaTa kiyA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAbhake pazcAta pAMca varSataka ma0 buddha aura jIvita rahe the| usa mAnyatAko mAna dete huye hameM ma0 buddhakA janma bhagavAna mahAvIrake janmane tIna varSa pahile huA pramANita milatA hai / dUsare zabdomeM DaoN0 hAnalesAhavakI gaNanA ke anumAra ma0 buha bhagavAna mahAnIrake janma samaya tIna varSakai the, unake gRhatyAgake avasarapara ve tetIsa varSake ye aura nana bhagavAna mahAvIrane apanI karIva biyAlIsa varSakI yavasthA sarvajJatA prApta kara cukanepara upadeza denA prArambha kiyA taba ve prAyaH paitAlIsa varSake the| isI taraha java ma0 buddhane apanI peMtIsa varSakI umarameM 'madhyamArga' kA upadeza denA prArambha kiyA thA, taba bhagavAna mahAvIra karIba tetIsa varSa ke the| isaprakAra DaoN0 hAnalekI mAnyatAke anusAra ina dono yugapradhAna puruSoMke pArasparika sambaMdha jJAta hote hai, kintu inako vizeSa pramANika jAnaneke liye DaoN0 hArnalesAhabakI gaNanAke aucityapara bhI eka dRSTi DAla lenA Avazyaka hai| DaoN0 hAnale sAhaba jo isa gaNanApara pahuMce hai vaha vizeSa pramANoko liye huye hai / tathApi unakI isa gaNanAkA samarthana ainihAsika sAkSIse bhI hotA hai / pro0 karna sA0 ke matAnusAra satrATa. 1. bhAjivaksa, hesTingAkA insAlakopeThiyA bhopha rilIjana eNDa iMthiksa - - -

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102] bhigavAna mahAvIrazreNika vimbasArakI mRtyu usa samaya huI thI java ma buddha bahattara varSake the aura devadatta dvArA jo bauddha saghame viccheda khar3A huA thA vaha isa ghaTanAse kucha hI kAla uparAnta upasthita huA thaa| sAtha hI majjhimanikAyake abhaya rAjakumAra suttase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrako bauddha saghake isa vicchedakA jJAna thaa| di0 jaina zAstrose bhI isa vyAkhyAkI puSTi isa taraha hotI hai-uname likhA hai ki samrAT zreNika vimbasArakI mRtyuke sAtha hI kuNika ajAtazatru vidharmI-mithyAtvI hogayA aura rAnI celanIne bhagavAna mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM jAkara AryAcadanAke nikaTa dIkSA grahaNa kii| isase yaha sApha prakaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra isa samaya vidyamAna the aura vauddhoMke sAmayagAmasutta aura pATikasattase yaha pramANita hI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAbhake uparAnta kucha kAlataka ma0 buddha jIvita rahe the| isaliye vaha adhikase adhika pAca varSe hI jIvita rahe hoge, kyoMki bauddha aura jaina donoMke matase samrATa zreNika bimbasArakI mRtyuke samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra maujUda the| aura jaba ma buddha isa samaya 72 varSake the to bhagavAna mahAvIra abazya hI karIba 69 varSake the| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAbha karaneke bAda ma0 buddha pAca varSase adhika jIvita nahIM rahe the| isake atirikta hama ma0 buddhake vAlyapanake vivaraNameM dekha * 1 inDiyana buddhisma pRSTa 38-39 2 hisTaoNrIkala glIningasa pRSTa 78, 3 merA bhagavAna mahAvIra pRSTa 152. 4 majjhimanikAya bhAga 2 (P. T. S.) pRSTa 243, 5 dIrghanikAya (P. T. S.) bhAga 3.

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-aura ma0 buddha cuke haiM ki ma0 buddha jo usa sukumAra avasthAme cAra prakArake lakSaNa dhAraNa karate the, uname tIna to jaina tIrthaGkaroMke cihna the, parantu cauthA svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra varddhamAnakA nAma thaa| isase yaha jhalakatA hai ki usa samaya bhagavAnakA janma nahIM huA thaa| yadi janma huA hotA to unakA ullekha bhI piharUpameM hotA, kyoki janmase hI tIrthakara bhagavAnake pagameM yaha cihna hotA hai| ataeva isase bhI ma0 buddhakA janma bha0 mahAvIrase pahile huA pramANita hotA hai| DaoN0 hArnale sA0kI gaNanAkA samarthana usa kAraNako jAnanese bhI hotA hai, jisakI vajahase ma0 buddhake 60 se 70 varSake madhya jIvanakI ghaTanAokA ullekha nahIke barAbara hI milatA hai| revarenDa bizapa viganDeTa sAhabakA kathana hai ki yaha antarAla prAyaH ghaTanA. oke ullekhase korA hai| (An almost blank)' ataeva isa abhAvakA koI kAraNa avazya honA cAhiye / aba yadi yahAM bhI hama DaoN0 hAnelesAhabakI ukta gaNanAko mAnatA deve to yaha kAraNa bhI jJAta hojAtA hai| kyoki jaba bhagavAna mahAvIrane apanA dharmapracAra prArambha kiyA thA usa samaya ma. buddha apane dharmakI ghoSaNA karacuke the aura anumAnata. 45 varSake the jaise ki hama dekhacuke haiM / ataeva pAca varSake bhItara bhItara bhagavAna mahAvIrake vastu sthitirUpa upadezakA digantavyApI ho jAnA bilkula prAkata hai / isa dazAme yadi ina pAMca varSoMmeM ma0 buddhakA prabhAva prAyaH uThasA 1 lAipha eNDa lIjenDa aupha gautama aura ke0 je0 sAnDara sAhabakA " gautama buddha " pR. 45.

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104 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra jAve aura unakI 50 varSakI umarase 70 varSataka koI pUrNa ghaTanAkrama na mile to koI Azcarya nahIM hai / yahI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharmapracArakA thA / isaliye ma0 buddha ke jIvana ke ukta atarAlakAlakI ghaTanAoke bhabhAvakA kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIrakA sarvajJAvasthAmeM pracAra karanA hI pratibhASita hotA hai / isa avasthAmeM hamako DaoN0 hArnalesAhabakI ukta gaNanA isa taraha bhI pramANita milatI hai aura yaha prAya ThIka hI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANoparAnta ma0 vuddha adhika se adhika pAca varSa aura jiye the / kintu ukta prakAra ma0 buddhakI jIvanaghaTanAoMke abhAvakA kAraNa nirdiSTa karate huye bauddha zAstrakAra ke isa vathanakA bhI samAdhAna karalenA Avazyaka hai ki ma0 buddhake divya dharmopadezake samakSa niganya nAtaputa ( mahAvIra ) kA prabhAva kSINa hogayA, jo pahile vizeSa prabhAvako liye huye thA' / bauddha zAstrakAra ke isa kathana samAna hI jainAcAryane bhI yahI bAta bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSaya nahI hai ki unake dharmopadezake udaya hote hI ekAntamata aMdhakA rameM vilIna hogaye / isa dazAneM yaha donoM kathana eka dUmareke 1 phaoNmbalsa jAtaka bhAga 3 pR0 128 aura hisTorI nAma pu0 08. jayati kalAvapi guNAnuzAsanavibhava / 2 " taba jinazAsanavi doSakazAsanavibhavaH stuveti cainaM prabhAkuzAsana vibhavaH // 137 // anavadya vAstava dRSTeSTAvirodhata svAvA. iTa na pAhAdosa dvivayavirodhAnnIzvarA'sya dvAH // 138 // tvamasi sugasugmahito adhikatvAzayapraNAmAmahitaH / Tokapaparama hito'nAvaraNa jyotikaJcara dvAmahitaH // 139 // bRhad svayaMbhUstotra /

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- -aura ma0 yuddha ] [105 viruddha par3ate haiM, parantu ukta prakAra ma0 buddhakI jIvanaghaTanAoMke abhAvakA kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIrakA dhavala dharmaprabhAva mAnate huye, hame jainAcAryakA kathana yathArthatAko liye huye milatA hai parantu aitihAsikatAke nAte hama bauddha zAstrakArake kathanako bhI ekadama nahIM bhulA sakta hai| vAta vAstavameM yo mAlUma detI hai ki jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrakA dharmapracAra hotA rahA, usa samaya avazya hI unake prabhAvake samakSa zeSa dharma apanI mahattAko kho baiThe, jaise ki jainAcArya kahate hai aura jo ma0 buddhake sambandhame Upara evaM ninakI bhAti pramANita hotA hai, parantu jaba bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa honeko thA taba hamako mAlama hai ki rAjA kuNika anAtazatru jainadharmake vimukha hogayA thaa| isake jainadharma vimukha honekA kAraNa samrAT zreNikakI akAla mRtyu aura vajiyana rAjyapara AkramaNa karanA kahe jA sakte haiM; kyoMki kSAyika samyaktvI samrAT zreNikake maraNakA kAraNa banakara evaM bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitR aura mAtRkulopara AkramaNa karake samrAT kuNika ajAtazatru avazya hI jainiyodvArA ghRNAkI dRSTi se dekhA jAne lagA hogaa| aise avasarapara bauddha bhikSu devadatta, jisakA sambandha inase pahilekA hI thA, yadi ajAtazatruko bauddhAnuyAyI banAle to koI adbhuta bAta nahIM hai, ataeva samrAT kuNika ajAtazatruke bauddha ho jAnese magadha aura aMgakA 1 uttarapugaNameM likhA hai ki jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra mokSa cale gae aura sudharmAsvAmI pracAra karate rAjagRha Ae taba phira kuNika ajAta. zatrune jainadharma dhAraNa kiyA thaa| (pRSTa 702) aura agrejI janagajaTa bhAga 21 pRSTa 254. 2 ke. je sonDarsa " gautamabuddha " pRSTha 71.

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106 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra - rAjadharma, jo pahile jainadharma thA, avazya hI bauddhadharma ho gayA / aura yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake zAsanakI prabhAvanAme eka khAsA dhakkA thA / phira lagabhaga isa samayake kucha bAda hI bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA thA yaha hamAre Uparake kathanase pragaTa hai| isake sAtha hI kucha samayake uparAnta AjIvakoMke sarakSaka rAjA padmadvArA jainiyokA satAyA jAnA, avazya hI aise kAraNa haiM, jo hameM isa bAta ko mAnaneke liye vAdhya karate hai ki vIrazAsanakA prabhAva bhagavAna mahAvIrake uparAnta avazya hI kicita phIkA paDa gayA thaa| aura isa tarahapara bauddhAcAryakA kathana bhI ThIka baiTha jAtA hai / ataeva jaina aura bauddhAcAryoMke uparollikhita mata hamArI isa mAnyatAmeM bAdhaka nahIM hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake divyopadezake kAraNa ma0 buddhakA prabhAva bahuta kucha kama hogayA thA ki jisase unake jIvana ke usa antarAla - kAlakA prAyaH pUrA patA nahI calatA ! udhara bhagavAna mahAvIrake divya prabhAvako bauddhAcArya svIkAra karate hI hai / astu, 'bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharmopadezakA vizeSa prabhAva ma0 buddhake jIvanameM ADA AyA thA, isakA samarthana svaya vauddha granthoMse bhI hotA hai / devadattadvArA jo viccheda bauddha saMgha meM bhagavAna mahAvIrake nicArNakAlake DhotIna varSa pahile hI khaDA huA thA, vaha bhI hamArI vyAkhyAkI puSTi karatA hai / devadattane ma0 buddhase bhikSuoko dainika kriyAoko adhika sayamamaya banAneko, evaM mAsabhojanakI manAI karaneko kahA thaa| isa hI para bauddha saghame viccheda 1 AjIviksa bhAga 1 pRSTha 58.2 sAnDarsa 'gautamabuddha pRSTha 72-730 1

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-aura ma0 vuddha] [107 khaDA huA thaa| aba yaha spaSTa hI hai ki usa samaya sivAya bhagavAna mahAvIrake anya koI prakhyAt matapravartaka aisA nahIM thA jisane ahimA dharmake mahatvako pUrNa pragaTa kiyA ho aura mAMsa khAneko pApakriyA batAI ho| bauddhoMke mAMsabhakSaNa aura sAdhu avasthAmeM bhI zithilatA rakhaneke liye jaina zAstromeM unapara kaTAkSa kiye gaye hai / tathApi bauddha saMghake isa vicchedake kitane hI vo pahilese bhagavAna mahAvIra ahisA aura tapasyAkA upadeza dehI rahe the / isa avasthAmeM yaha spaSTa hai ki bauddha saghame yaha viccheda bhagavAna mahAvIrake divyopadezake kAraNa hI khaDA huA thaa| isake sAtha hI bauddhoMke 'mahAvagga' se vidita hotA hai ki isI samaya madeg buddhake pAsa eka bauddha bhikSu nagna hokara AyA thA aura nagnAvasthAkI vizeSa prazaMsA karake bauddha sAdhuoMko use dhAraNa karanekI AjJA denekI unase prArthanA karane lagA thaa| yaha bhI hamArI vyAkhyAkA samarthana karatA hai, kyoMki usa samaya ma0 mahAvIrake divyopadezase digaMvaratA (nagnatva) kA prabhAva vizeSa baDhA thA aura yahI kAraNa ma0 buddhake sAtha bhikSuoMkI sakhyAke 1. usa samaya zeSameM brAhmaNa, AjIvika, acelaka Adi sapradAya the| so inameM kisIko mAsase paraheja nahIM thaa| brAhmaNa loga khule rUpameM mAsA. bhiSikta kriyAko mAna de rahe the| AjIvika bhI mAsa khAnA burA nahIM samajhate the yaha vauntroM aura jainoMke zAstroMse prakaTa hai / acelaka-mata-prarvataka * punya-pApa kucha mAnate hI nahIM the, so mAsa khAnA unake nikaTa bhI dukriyA nahIM hosaktI / isa taraha usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrane ho isako duniyA pragaTa kiyA thaa| 2. jaina satra (S. BE.) bhAga 2 pRSTha 44. 3. mahAvagga (S. B. E) 128 pRSTha 245

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108] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraghaTanekA mAlUma par3atA hai / hama pUrva paricchedameM dekha cuke hai ki jaba ma buddha andhakavindameM the taba unake sAtha 1250 bhikSu the, parantu bauddha sagha viccheda avasarake lagabhaga hI jaba ve Apanase kusInArAko gaye the taba unake sAtha sirpha 50 bhikSu raha gaye the / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki isa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharmakI mAnyatA janatAme vizeSa ho gaI thI, jisakA prabhAva ma0 buddha aura unake saghapara bhI par3A thA / vAstavameM jaina tIrthaGkarake jIvana meM kevalajJAna (sarvajJatA) prApta karake dharmopadeza denekA hI eka avasara aisA hai jo anupama aura adbhuta prabhAvazAlI hai / isa bAtakI puSTi prAcInase prAcIna upalabdha jainasAhityase hotI hai / ataeva ukta prakrAra no hama bhagavAna mahAvIrake isa divya avasarakA divya prabhAva ma0 buddha aura unake sagha paraM paDA dekhate hai so usameM kucha bhI atyukti nahI hai / tIrthakara bhagavAnakA vihAra samavazaraNa sahita aura unakA upadeza vaijJAnika DhaMgapara hotA hai, kyoki 1 bauddha prantha "cuzvagga" (VII 3,14,meM yaha isa prakAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| __ " The people bolneve in 1ough neasures." arthAt -sAdhAraNa janatA kaThora niyamoM meM vizvAsa rakhatI hai aura yaha vidita hI hai ki jainiyoMne bauddhopara unake zithila sAdhu jIvanake vAraNa kaTAkSa kiye the, ataeva yahAgara parokSa rItise bhagavAna mahAvIrake siddhAntoMkA prabhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isI bauddha prathameM agAr3I yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki loga ma.buddhara AzAyaso jIvana vyatIta karanekA lAJchana lagAne lage the|' .( VIII 3 16 ) ise spaSTa hai ki isa samaya avazya hI bhagavAna mahAvIrakA divyopadeza janatAke hRdayameM ghara kara gayA thaa|

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [109 ve sarvajJa hote hai, jaise ki hama bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSayameM dekha cuke hai| tathApi sarvajJa tIrthakara bhagavAnakI puNya pratike prabhAvase 400 kosataka cahuora durbhikSa Adi dUra ho jAte haiM aura unake samavazaraNameM mAnastaMbhake darzana karate hI logoMkA mithyA jJAna aura mAna kAphUra honAtA hai| isa dazAme avazya hI bhagavAna mahAvIrakA divyaprabhAva sarvatra apanA kArya kara gayA hogA, jaisA ki vauddhagranthose jhalakatA hai, ataeva ma0 buddhake jIvanapara bhagavAna mahAvIrakA prabhAva paDA vyakta karanA bilkula yuktiyukta mAlUma hotA hai / yahI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki ma0 buddha 72 varSakI avasthAme sAmAnyarUpase rAjagRhameM Akara pUchakara eka kumhArake yahAM rAtri vitAte hai| isake sAtha hI bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAbhake samAcAra bauddhasaMghake liye eka harSaprada samAcAra the, yaha bauddhagranthake nimna uddharaNase pramANita hai / vahAM likhA hai ki "pAvAke canDa nAmaka vyaktine malladezake sAmagAMmameM sthita Anandako mahAn tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake zarIrAnta honekI khavara dI thI / AnaMdane isa ghaTanAke mahatvako jhaTa anubhava karaliyA aura kahA 'mitra canDa ' yaha samAcAra tathAgatake samakSa lAneke yogya haiM / astu, hame unake pAsa calakara yaha khabara denA cAhiye / ve buddhake pAsa daur3e gae, jinhone eka dIrgha upadeza diyA / "2 * isa varNanake zabdoMmeM spaSTataH eka harSamAva jhalakarahA hai aura 1. ke. je. saoNnDarDa " gautama buddha" pRSTha 75. 2. sAdika mutanta ina dI DaoNyolaoNgsa oNpha buddha bhAga 3 pRSTha 112.

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110 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvora harSa taba hI hotA hai jaba koI bAdhaka vastu uddezyamArgame se dUra huI ho / isalie isase bhI sApha prakaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmapracArake kAraNa buddhadevako avazya hI apane madhyamArgake pracAra meM zithilatA sahana karanI paDI thI aura vaha zithilatA bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANAsIna hote hI dUra hogaI, jaise ki hama pahile dekha cuke haiM / isa viSayame eka prAcyavidyAvizAradakA bhI vahI kathana hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAbhase ma0 buddha aura unake mukhya zipya sArIputtane apane dharmakA pracAra karanekA vizeSa lAbha uThAyA thaa| ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhake 10 se 70 varSake jIvana atarAlake ghaTanAkramakA prAya na milanA bhagavAna mahAvIrake divyopadezake kAraNa thA aura isa dazAmeM DaoN0 hArnale sAhebakI uparollikhita gaNanA vizeSa pramANika pratibhASita hotI hai, jisake kAraNa ma 0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake pArasparika jIvana sabandha vaise hI siddha hote hai jaise ki hama Upara DA0 hArnalesAhibakI gaNanAke anusAra dekhacuke hai, kintu bauddhazAstroM meM eka sthAna para ma0 buddhako usa samayake prakhyAta matapravartakoM meM sarvalaghu likhA hai, parantu unhIke eka anya zAstrameM ma0 buddha isa bAta kA koI spaSTa uttara dete nahIM milate haiN| vaha vahAM praznako TAlanekA hI 'prayatna karate haiM / isase yahI vizeSa upayukta pratIta hotA haiM ki AyumeM bhagavAna mahAvIrase to kamase kama ma0 buddha avazya hI bar3e the, parantu eka mata pravartakakI bhAMti ve jarUra hI sarvalaghu the; kyoMki 1 kSatriya lensa ina ' buddhisTa - inDiyA pRSTha 176. 2. hisTaoNrikala glI ningsa pRSTha 24 3 suttanipAta ( S. B. E. Vol. X. ) pRSTha 87.

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- aura ma0 yuddha ! [ 111 anya sarva mata ma 0 vuddhase pahileke the| isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake pArasparika jIvana saMbandha vaha hI ThIka jacate hai jo hama pUrva meM batalA cuke haiM / astu / 3 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake pArasparika jIvana saMbandha to hamane jAna liye, parantu bhagavAna mahAvIrako mokSalAbha aura ma0 buddhakA 'parinivvAna', jaisA ki cauddha kahate hai, kaba huA yaha jAna lenA bhI Avazyaka hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANalAma kAlake viSayameM tIna mata pAye jAte hai / ekake anusAra yaha ghaTanA IsavI sanse 520 varSa pahile ghaTita huI batalAI jAtI hai / " dUsareke mutAvika yaha 468 varSa pahile mAnI jAtI hai / aura tIsarA isako vikramAse 150 varSa pahile ghaTita huA batalAtA hai| iname pahile matakI mAnatA adhika hai aura jaina samAjame vahI pracalita hai / dUsarA DaoN0 jArla cArapenTiyarakA mata hai, jisakA samuciMta prativAda mi0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane prakTa kara diyA hai aura vastutaH vauddha zAstro ke spaSTa ullekhoM ko dekhane huye yaha jIko nahI lagatA ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa ma0 duddhake uparAnta huA ho / yaha hamAre pUrva jIvana saMbandha vivaraNa se bhI bAdhita hai / aura tIsarA mata zrIyuta paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIkA hai| unake AdhAra devasenAcArya 1. DisTaoNrIkala glaM ningsa 1STha 21-30. 2. lAipha oNpha mahAvIra aura jainasUtra (SB E bhAga 2 bhUmikA. 3. inDiyana enTIkkerI bhAga 13 / 4. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra (mANikacanda anyamAlA) pRSTha 150 - 102 / 5. jainasAhityazodhaka prathama khaDake 4 the akameM aisA ullekha hai| zAyada yaha prativAda inDiyana ainTIkkerI bhAga 49 pRSTha 43... me. kiyA gayA hai /

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112] / [ bhagavAna mahAvIraaura amitagatyAcAryake ullekha hai, jinameM samayako nirdiSTa karate huye 'vikrama nRpakI mRtyuse' aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isake viSayameM jaina vidvAn pa0 yugalakizoranI likhate haiM ki "yadyapi, vikramakI mRtyuke bAda pranAke dvArA usakA mRtyu savata pracalita kiye jAnekI bAta jIko kucha kama lagatI hai, aura yaha ho sakatA hai ki amitagati Adiko use mRtyu savat samajhaneme kucha galatI huI ho, phira bhI Uparake ullekhose itanA to spaSTa hai ki premInIkA yaha mana nayA nahI hai-Ajase hajAra varSa pahile bhI usa matako mAnanevAle maujUda the aura unameM devasena tathA amitagati se AcArya bhI zAmila the|"' itanA hote huye bhI hameM uparokta jIvana saMvandha vivaraNako dekhate huye mukhtAra sAhabase sahamata honA par3atA hai| isake sAtha hI yaha dRSTavya hai ki 'trilokaprajJapti me jahA anyamata vIranirvANa savatme batalAye gaye hai, vahA isakA ullekha nahIM hai| isa avasthAmeM devasenAcArya aura a matagati AcAryane bhUlase aisA ullekha kiyA ho, to koI Azcarya nahI / nisaprakAra hamane ma0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakA sabandha sthApita kiyA hai, usako dekhate huye yahI ThIka pratIta hotA hai| ava rahA kevala prathama mata no prAya. sarvamAnya aura pracalita hai| isa matakI puSTi meM nimna pramANa batalAye jAte hai.-| (1) sattari cadusaDhajutto tiNakAlA vikkamo havai jammo / aThavarasa vAlalIlA soDasavAsehi bhImmae dese // 18 // 1. ralakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra (mA0 pra0) pRSTha 151-152. 2. pUrva pRSTha 153-154.

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [113 yaha nandisaMghakI dUsarI paTTAvalIkI eka gAthA hai, aura 'vikramaprabandha meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| (jainasiddhAntabhAskara kiraNa 4 pR.75) (2) NivANe vIrajiNe chavvAsasadesa pNcvrisesu|| paNamAsemu gadesu saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA / / 81 // yaha gAthA Ajase karIba 1500 varSa pahilekI racI huI 'tiloyapaNNatti'kI gAthA hai aura isameM vIra nirvANa prAptise 606, varSa 5 mahIne bAda zaka rAnA huA aisA ullekha hai| (3) paNa chassayavassaM paNamAsa judaM gamiya viirnnicuido| sagarAjo to kakkI cadunavatiyamahiya sgmaasN||850|| __yaha trilokasArakI gAthA hai aura isameM 'tiloyapaNNatti kI: uparokta gAthAkI bhAMti vIra nirvANase 605 varSa 5 mahIne bAda zaka rAjAkA aura 394 varSa 7 mahInebAda kalkikA honA batalAyA hai| (4) 'AryavidyAsudhAkara' meM bhI likhA hai:'tataH kalinAtra khaMDe bhArate vikramAtpurA / svamunyaM bodhi vimate varSe nirAhayo nrH|||| prAcArajainadharma bauddhadharmasamaprabham / (6) sarasvatIgacchakI bhUmikAmeM bhI spaSTarUpase vIranirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramakA janma honA likhA hai; yathA'-'bahuri zrI vIrasva.moDUM mukti gaye pIche cyArasaisattara 470 varSa gaye pIche zrInmahArAja vikrama rAjAkA janma bhayA / ' (6) nemicandrAcArya ke 'mahAvIra cariya' (dekho " bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza" bhA0 21-42) me bhI mahAvIrasvAmIse 609 varSa 5 mAsa uparAnta zaka rAjAkA honA likhA hai /

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114] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra yahAM naM0 1 aura naM. 5 ke pramANoMmeM vilkula spaSTa rItise cIranirvANake 470 varSa uparAnta vikramakA janma honA likhA hai| aura yaha jJAta hI hai ki vIranirvANa 527 varSa pahile jo IsAse mAnA jAtA hai vaha vIra nirvANase 470 varSa vAda nRpa vikramakA rAjyArohaNa mAnanese upalabdha huA hai kyoki yaha pramANita hai ki nRpa vikramakA savat unake 18 varSakI avasthAmeM rAjyArohaNase prArambha hotA hai|' isa avasthAmeM svIlata nirvANakAlameM 18 varSa jor3anA Avazyaka ThaharatA hai, kyoki ukta gAthAomeM spaSTarItise vIranirvANase 470 varSa vAda vikramakA janma huA likhA hai / isa tarahapara pracalina vIranirvANa samvat zuddha rUpame IsAse pUrva 549 varSa ( 527+18) mAnanA caahiye| isa hI matako zrIyuta kAzIpramAda jAyasavAla aura paM0 vihArIlAlajI bulandazaharI pramANika batalAte hai| jainadarzanadivAkara DaoN0 kovI bhI isa matako svIkAra karane pratIta hote hai, jaisA unake usa patrase prakaTa hai jo unhoMne hamako likhA thA aura jo 'vIra' varSa 2 pRSTha 78-79meM prakAzita huA hai| isake sAtha hI anya pramANo meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| aisI avasthAmeM yadi zakarAnAkA janma bhI 605 varSa * 6 mahIne bAda vIranirvANase mAnA jAve to kucha asagatatA najara nahIM aatii| isa dazAmeM vIranirvANa IsAse pUrva 527 varSa pahile __-'mAnanekA zuddha rUra 646 varSa pahile mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA.. hai / yaha nirmANakAla hamAre ukta pArasparika jIvana sambandhame bhii| ThIka baiTha jAtA hai; kyoMki siMhalabauddhokI mAnatAke anusAra ma. 1 madana koSa aura bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaza /

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- aura ma0 vuddha ] [ 115 buddhakA parinivvAna IsAse pUrva 543 varSameM ghaTita huA thA |bauddhoNkii isa mAnatAko lekara vizeSa gaveSaNAke sAtha Adhunika vidvAnone isakA zuddharUpa IsAse pUrva 480 vAM varSa batalAyA hai, kintu khaNDagirikI hAthIguphAse jo samrAT khAravelakA zilAlekha milA hai usase bauddhoMkI ukta mAnatAkA pUrA samarthana hotA hai ! * isa dazAmeM bhagavAn mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla IsAse pUrva 545 varSa pUrva mAnane se aura ma0 buddhakA parinivvAna IsAse pahile 543 veM varSame huA svIkAra karanese, hamAre ukta jIvanasambandha nirNayase prAyaH sAmaJjasya hI baiTha jAtA hai / kyoMki svayaM bauddhoke kathanase zramANita hai ki ma0 buddha bhagavAna mahAvIrake pahale hI apaneko svayaM buddha mAnakara upadeza dene lage the / 'saMyukta nikAya ' meM (bhAga 11-68) meM spaSTa kahA hai ki buddha apaneko 'sammA buddha' kaise kahane lage jaba nigatha nAtaputta apaneko vaise nahIM kahate haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki hamArI pUrvokta mAnyatA ke anusAra ma0 buddha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmopadeza deneke pahale hI upadeza dene lage the aura isataraha pUrvollikhita pArasparika saMbaMdha ThIka hI hai / hA~, eka do varSakA antara gaNanAkI azuddhike kAraNa rahA kahA jAsaktA hai / ataeva Ajakala bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa saMvat 2471 varSa mAnanA vizeSa yuktisaMgata hai| 'hindI vizvakoSa ' ke nimna kathanase bhI yahI pramANita hai / 1 bhArataka prAcIna gajavaza bhAga 2 pRSTha 34 2 inDiyana ainTa' kverI XLVIII 25 ff, 214 ff & 29 ff and XLIX 48 ff at JBORS. IV. 364 ff.; V. 88 ff.

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116] [ bhagavAna mahAbIravahAM (bhAga 2 40 350) para likhA hai ki 'tItyugaliyapayana' aura 'tIrthoddhAra prakIrNa' nAmaka prAcIna jainazAstrake matase jisa rAtako tIrthaMkara mahAvIrasvAmIne siddhi pAyI, usI rAtako pAlaka rAnA avantIke siMhAsanapara baiThe the / pAlakavaMza 60, usake bAda nandavaMza 155, moryavaMza 108, puSpamitra 30, balamitra evaM bhAnumitra 60, narasena babaravAhana 40, gardabhilla 13 aura zakarAnane 4 varSa rAjatva kiyA / mahAvIrasvAmIke parinirvANase zakarAjake abhyudayakAla paryanta 470 varSa bIte the / idhara sarasvatI gacchakI paTTAvalIse dekhate, ki vikramane ukta zakarAjako harAyA sahI, kintu solaha varSa taka rAjyAbhiSikta na hue / ukta sarasvatI gracchakI gAthAmeM spaSTa likhA hai-"vIrAt 492, vikramajanmAnta varSa 22, rAjyAnta varSa 4" arthAt zakarAjake 470 aura vikramAbhiSekAvdake 488 arthAt san I0 se 545-4. varSa pahile mahAvIrasvAmIko mokSa milA thA " ataeva yahI samaya nirvANakAlakA ThIka jaMcatA hai| isa prakAra ma0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakI jIvanaghaTanAoMkA tulanAtmaka rItise adhyayana karanepara hamane unakI pArasparika vibhinnatAko vilkula spaSTa kara diyA hai aura aba hama sugamatAse unake bhinna vyaktitva evaM samakAlIna saMvadhoMke viSayameM eka nizcita mata sthira kara sakte haiN| isa vivecanake pAThase pAThakoko usa mithyA mAnatAkI asAratA bhI jJAta ho jAyagI jo isa unnatazIla jamAnemeM bhI kahIM kahI ghara kiye huye hai ki jainadharmakI utpatti bauddhadharmase huI thI athavA ma0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra eka vyakti the|

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-aura ma0 buddha [117 yadyapi yahAMtakake vivecanase hama ma0 buddha aura bha0 mahA__ vIrake pArasparika jIvanasambandhoMkA digdarzana kara cuke haiM, parantu isase donoM yugapradhAna puruSoMne jo zikSA janasAdhAraNako dI thI, __ usakA pUrA patA nahIM calatA hai, isalie agADIke pRSThomeM hama jainadharma aura bauddhadharmakA bhI sAmAnya digdarzana kreNge| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakA dharma! ma buddhane kisa dharmakA nirUpaNa kiyA thA, jaba hama yaha jAnanekI koziza karate haiM to unake jIvanakramapara dhyAna denese asaliyatako pA jAte haiM ! vastutaH ma0 buddhakA uddezya Avazyaka sudhArako sirananekA thA / isaliye prArambhameM unakA koI niyamita dharma nahIM thA aura na unhoMne kisI vyavasthita dharmakA pratipAdana kiyA thA, kintu apane sudhArakramameM unhoMne AvazyaktAnusAra jina siddhAntoMko svIkAra kiyA thA, unakA kicita digdarzana hama yahAM kreNge| sarva prathama unake dharmake viSayameM pUMchate hI hameM batalAyA jAtA hai ki "vaha prakRtike niyamoMko batalAtA hai, manuSyakA zarIra nAzaka. niyamake palle par3atA hai; yahI buddhakA anityavAda hai| jo kucha astitvameM AtA hai usakA nAza honA avazyambhAvI hai|"* bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI dharmakA vAstavika rUpa vastuoMkA prAkRtika svarUpa hI 1 kI 'budisTaphilosaphI pR. 69-70.

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- 118] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrabatalAyA thaa| kahA thA "vastusvabhAva hI dharma hai|" aura isataraha jAhirA yahAMpara dono mAnyatAoMmeM sAmyatA najara par3atI hai; parantu yathArthameM unakA bhAva eka dUsareke bilkula viparIta hai|m buddhake hAthose isa siddhAntako vaha nyAya nahIM milA jo use bhagavAna mahAvIrake nikaTa prApta thA / isI kAraNa cauddhadarzanakA adhyayana karake satyake nAte vidvAnoko yahI kahanA par3A hai ki buddhake saiddhAntika vivecanameM vyavasthA aura pUrNatA donokI kamI hai|' buddhake nikaTa saiddhAtika vivecana sasAraduHkhakA kAraNa thaa| aisI dazAmeM ina praznoMkA vaijJAnika uttara ma0 buddhase pAnA nitAnta asambhava hai| ina praznoko unane 'anizcita vAteM ThaharAyA thaa| jaba unase puchA gayA ki "kyA loka nitya hai ? kyA yahI satya hai aura saba mata mithyA hai ?" unhoMne spaSTa rItise uttara diyA ki "he potthapAda, yaha vaha viSaya hai jisapara maiMne apanA mata prakaTa nahIM kiyA hai|" taba phira isI taraha potthapAdane unase yaha prazna kiye / (2) kyA loka nitya nahI hai ? (3) kyA loka niyamita hai ? (4) kyA loka ananta hai ? (5) kyA AtmA vahI hai jo zarIra hai ? (6) kyA zarIra bhinna hai aura AtmA bhinna hai ? (7) kyA vaha jisane . 1 'dhammo patthusahAvo samAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhammo / rayaNatayaM ca dhammo, jIvAma rakkhaNaM dhammo // 476 // , . svAmi kArtikyAnupekSA / 2 kI 'buddhisTa philosaphI-bhUmikA. 2 buddhijmaH iTsa hisTarI eNDa liTarecara pR0 39.

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-aura- ma0 buddha [119 satyako jAna liyA hai maraNoparAnta jIvita rahatA hai ? (8) athavA vaha jIvita nahIM rahatA hai ? (9) athavA vaha jIvita bhI rahatA hai aura nahI bhI rahatA hai 1 (10) athavA vaha na jIvita rahatA hai aura na vaha nahI jIvita rahatA hai ? aura ina sabakA uttara ma0 Qkhane vahI diyA jo unhone prathama praznake uttarameM diyA thaa| isa paristhitimeM yaha spaSTa anubhavagamya hai ki ma0 buddhane saiddhAMtika vivecanakI prAraMbhika vAtokA sthApana prakRtike niyamoke rUpameM pUrNa rItise nahIM kiyA thA jaisAki batalAyA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrake viSayameM hama agADI dekheNge| ___ataeva jaba kabhI ma0 buddhake nikaTa aisI avasthA upasthita huI to unane usakA samAdhAna kucha bhI nahIM kiyaa| bauddhadarzanake vidvAn DA0 kItha buddhakI isa paristhitiko bilkula ucita vatalAte haiN| vaha kahate hai ki buddhane pahile hI kaha diyA thA ki vaha apane ziSyoMko ina viSayoMmeM zikSA nahIM deMge / ma0 buddha eka aise hakIma haiM jo aisI zikSA dete haiM jisase ziSyakA vartamAna jIvana sukhamaya bane, kintu vAstavameM ina bAtoko aspaSTa chor3a denese buddhane logoMko apane manonukUla nirNayako mAnanekI svataMtratA dI hai aura yaha kriyA eka 'mAdhyamika 'ke sarvathA yogya thii| aisA pratibhASita hotA hai ki buddhane vastuoMke svabhAva para kevala unakI sAsArika avasthAke anusAra dRSTipAta kiyA thaa| - unhoMne spaSTa kahA thA ki 'lokameM koI bhI nitya padArtha nahIM hai 1 Doyalogsa Apha dI buddha (S. B. B. Vol. II.) pR0254. 2 kIthama 'buddhisTa philAsaphI pR0 62.

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120 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra aura na aise hI padArtha haiM jinakA sarvathA nAza hojAtA hai, pratyuta samasta loka eka ghaTanAkrama hai, koI bhI vastu kisI samaya meM yathArtha nahIM ho saktI / ' isaliye aisA koI padArtha nahIM hai jo AtmA ho / zarIra (rUpa) AtmAse usI taraha rahita hai jisa taraha gaGgA nadImeM utarAtA huA phenakA babUlA hai|' ( sayuta nikAya 3 - 140 ). parantu vismaya hai ki buddhane ekAntavAda - anityatAkA bhI nirUpaNa pUrI taraha nahIM kiyA hai| to bhI yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki cAra padArtha haiM: - ( 1 ) pRthvI (2) agni (3) vAyu aura (4) jala | AkAza bhI kabhI 2 gina liyA gayA hai| kintu ma 0 buddhane unako kisa DhaMgase svIkAra kiyA thA yaha jJAta nahIM hai / kevala yaha prakaTa hai ki "pratyeka paulika padArtha eka mizraNa (saMkhAra Compound) hai, jo zarIrakI taraha kisI samayataka banA rahegA, parantu antameM naSTa ho jAvegA / padArtha anitya hai / prAraMbhika bauddha dharmameM ve kSaNika svIkRta nahIM hai / yaha uparAntakA sudhAra hai / "" vizeSakara buddhake nikaTa loka kevala anubhavakA eka padArtha thA / unhoMne isakI nityatA aura anantatA ke sambandhameM kucha kahane se sApha inkAra kara diyA thA, kiMtu inanepara bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhane jo ukta cAra padArthoMko svIkAra kiyA thA so usameM unhoMne yathArtha bAda (Realistic View ) ko antataH gauNarUpameM svIkAra hI kiyA thA / isase unake vivecana kI aniyamitatA bhI prakaTa hai| 1. kIna buTa philaoNsapho pRSTha 94 aura dI sAmsa oNpha dI carana pRSTha 68. 20 kI 0 du0 phi0 pRSTha 13 aura milinda - panha 21/1 (S.BE ) pRSs 40. 3. kI0 0 ki0 pRSTha 92. 4. pUrvavata 5. pUrvavat 6. pUrva pRSTha 85. *

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-aura ma0 vuddha [ 121 ukta cAra padArthoke atirikta buddhane unake sAtha nirvANa aura vijJAna (Conception of Consciousness) kI gaNanA karake apanA saiddhAntika mata chai tatvopara prArambha kiyA thaa| vijJAnameM duHkha aura sukhako anubhava karanekA bhAva garbhita thaa| yaha saba padArtha nitya hI the aura inahIke pArasparika sambandhase saMsArakA astitva batalAyA thaa| isa siddhAntavivecanameM buddhase prAcIna matoMkA prabhAva spaSTa pratIta hotA hai / inameM mukhyataH brAhmaNa aura jainadharmakA prabhAva dRSTavya hai| jo cAra padArtha ma buddhane svIkAra kiye haiM vaha brAhmaNa dharmameM pahilese hI svIkRta the isalie vaha unhoMne vahAMse liye the| parantu unhoMne unako jisa DhaMgase pratipAdita kiyA hai vaha jainadharmakI lokamAnyatAse milatA julatA hai / jainiyoMke anusAra bhI chai dravyokara yukta yaha loka hai, parantu yaha chai dravya ma0 buddha dvArA svIkRta cha tatvoMse vilkula bhinna the jaise hama agADI dekheNge| isake atirikta vuddhane jo dhamakI vyAkhyA kI thI vaha bhI sAmAnyatayA jaina vyAkhyAse milatI julatI thI, jaise ki hama dekha cuke haiM / phira buddhane jo usake do bheda Abhyantirika (ajjhattika) aura vAhya (vAhira) kiye the. vaha bhI sAmAnyataH jaina siddhAntake nizcaya aura vyavahAra dharmake samAna haiN| kintu pharka yahAM bhI vizeSa maujUda hai, kyoMki bauddhoMke nikaTa inakA sambandha sirpha bAhya jagata aura mAnasika sambandhoMse hai, aura jaina siddhAntameM inake alAvA 1. pUrva pRSTha 94-95. 2. pUrva pRSTha 42. 3. kIthama buddhisTa philAsaphI pRSTha 74. 4. tatvArthasatra (S.B.J. II) pRSTha 15. buddhisTa philAsaphI pRSTha 74.

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122] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrapadArthake vAstavika svarUpase bhI yaha sambandhita hai| isase yaha sApha prakaTa hai ki ma0 buddhane kevala jainiyoke vyavahAra dharmakA kiMcita Azraya lekara apane siddhAntoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA thA isIliye jainazAstrome ma0 buddhake dharmakI gaNanA ekAntavAdameM kI gaI hai| zrI gommaTasArajIkA nimna zloka yahI prakaTa karatA hai: 'eyaMta buddhadarasI vivarIo vaMbha tAvaso vinno| iMdo vi ya saMsaio makkaDio ceva aNNANI // ' 'isameM bauddhako ekAntavAdI, brahma yA brAhmaNoko viparItamata, tApasoko vainayika, indrako sAzayika, aura makhali yA maskarIko ajJAnI batalAyA hai| kintu zvetAmbara granthomeM bauddha dharmako 'akriyAvAdI' likhA hai, jo svayaM bauddhoMke zAstroMke ullekhose pramANita hai| yahAM para zvetAmbarAcArya vauddhoke anAtmavAdako lakSya karake aisA likhate haiM, jaba ki digambarAcArya unake saiddhAntika vivecanako pUrNataH lakSya karake use ekAntavAdI ThaharAte haiN| akriyAbAda ekAntamatakA eka bheda hai / svaya digambara jainoMkI 'tatvArtha rAjavArtika' ( 110 ) meM bauddha dharmake mukhya praNetA maudgalAyanakA ullekha akriyAvAdiyomeM kiyA gayA hai / astu / ___Aie pAThaka aba jarA bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharma para bhI eka dRSTi DAlaleM / unhoMne jisa prakAra dharmakI vyAkhyAkI thI, usIke anusAra samasta sattAvAna padArthoke viSayameM sanAtana satyakA nirU, paNa kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki yaha loka prAraMbha aura anta rahita 1. jainasUtra ( S. B. E. ) bhAga 2 bhUmikA.

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [123 anAdinidhana hai|' yaha dravyoMkA lIlAkSetra hai; jo dravya anAdise sattAmeM vidyamAna haiM aura anantakAla taka vaise hI raheMge / isa taraha isalokameM na kisI navIna padArthakI sRSTi hotI hai aura na kisIkA sarvathA nAza hotA hai / kevala dravyokI paryAyome ulaTa phera hotI rahatI hai, jisase lokakI eka khAsa avasthAkA janma, astitva aura nAza hotA rahatA hai| isa kAryakAraNa siddhAntameM isaprakAra kisI eka sarva zaktivAn kartA-hartAkI AvazyaktA nahIM hai| vastutaH eka pradhAna vyaktike Upara sasArakA sarvabhAra DAlakara svayaM nizcinta ho jAnA kucha saiddhAntikatA prakaTa nahIM karatA / sasArakA rakSaka hokara saMsArI jIvapara vRthA hI duHkhoke pahADa ulaTanA koI bhI buddhivAna svIkAra nahIM kregaa| sacamuca sAMsArika kAryoko apane jumme lekara vaha Izvara svaya rAga aura dveSakA piTArA bana jAyagA aura isa dazAme vaha sAMsArika manuSyase bhI adhika bandhanomeM baMdha jAyagA / isa avasthAmeM Izvarako anAdinidhana mAnaneke sthAnapara svayaM lokako hI anAdinidhana mAna lenese yaha jhaMjhaTeM kucha bhI sAmane nahIM AtI haiM / vastutaH bhAratIya SaTdarzanoMkA sUkSma adhyayana karanese uname bhI eka kartAhartA IzvarakI mAnyatAke kahIM darzana nahIM hote ! aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha uparAntake bhIru aura AlasI manuSyokI racanA hI hai jo parAvalambI rahane meM hI Ananda mAnate haiM / astuH| 1. bauddhazAna ' sumaGgalAvilAsinI ' (P. T.S, P. 119) meM jainoM kI isa mAnyatAkA ullekha hai. 2. tatvArthasUtra (S. B. J. II) pRSTha 120-121. 3. aprejI jainagajaTa bhAga 2. pRSTa 17 aura B. R.E. Vol. II. P. 185 ff. -

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124] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra isa prakAra lokako anAdinidhana prakaTa karake bhagavAna mahAvIrane isa lokameM mukhya do dravya (1) jIva aura (2) anIva vatalAye the| jIva vaha padArtha batalAyA jo upayoga aura cetanAmaya ho|' aura anIva vaha saba padArtha haiM jo ina lakSaNose rahita hoN| yaha dravya pAca prakArakA hai (1) pudgala, (2) AkAza, (3) kAla, (4) dharma aura (5) adharma / ataeva bhagavAna mahAvIrake anusAra isa lokameM kula chai dravya haiN| ina chahoMke vizada vivaraNase jaina zAstra bhare huye hai, kintu yahAMpara sakSepameM vicAra karanese hama unakA svarUpa isa taraha pAte haiN| inameM (1) AtmA yA jIva eka upayogamaI, apaugalika, arUpI aura ananta padArtha hai / (2) pudgala eka paudgalika rUpI padArtha hai, jo sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa kara saMyukta hai, isake paramANu aura skaSa bhI ananta aura vibhinna haiM, kintu ve sakhyAta aura asaMkhyAta rUpameM bhI milate hai / (3) AkAza eka samUcA anaMta, amUrtIka aura avibhAjanIya padArtha hai / yaha sarva padArthIko avakAza detA hai aura do bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita hai arthAt lokAkAza aura alokAkAza, yaha isake do bheda hai aura yaha dharma adharma dravyoMke kAraNa hai / jahAtaka ye dravya haiM vahIMtaka lokAkAza hai, isIke bhItara jIva aura ajIva padArtha phirate hai| (1) kAla amartIka aura sthira dravya hai, yaha dravyoM aura unakI paryAyoMmeM rUpAntara upasthita karane meM eka parokSa kAraNa hai| yaha kAlANu asaMkhyAta haiM aura sama 1. uparokta bonazAna 'sumsalAvilAsinI meM bhI jainiyokA AtmAke sampandharma yahI mata prakaTa kiyA hai| kahA hai ki niyoM ke anusAra bhAramA bharapI aura jJAnadhAna hai| (bharUrI bhattA sajI) (P.T.S. P. 119,. - - -

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 125 sta loka inase bharA par3A hai / (5) dharma vaha amUrtIka dravya hai jo lokake samAna vyApaka hai aura jIva, ajIvake gamanameM usI taraha sahAyaka hai jisa taraha machalIko jala calane meM sahAyaka hai / (6) aura aMtima adharma dravya bhI amUrtIka aura sarvalokavyApaka hai / isakA kArya dravyoko vizrAma denA hai / ' inameM kevala jIva aura pudgala hI mukhya haiM, zeSa dravya unake ananugAmI hai / inake mukhya cAra kartavya haiM arthAt ve AkAza meM sthAna grahaNa karate haiM, parAvarta hote haiM aura calate hai athavA sthira rahate hai / pratyeka kArya meM do kAraNa hote haiM, eka mukhya upAdAna kAraNa aura dUsarA sAmAnya - nimitta ( Auxiliary ) kAraNa sonekI aMgUThImeM mukhya upAdAna kAraNa sonA hai, parantu usake sAmAnya nimitta kAraNa agni, sunAra, aujAra Adi kaI hai / isalie jIva aura ajIvake ukta cAra kartavyokA mukhya kAraNa svayaM jIva aura ajIva hai, aura sAmAnya kAraNa uparollikhita zeSa cAra dravya hai / isaprakAra yaha loka akRtrima aura yathArtha chai dravyoM kara pUrNa hai aura isameM jo kucha paryAyeM aura dazAyeM upasthita hotI haiM vaha ina jIva evaM ajIvakI paryAyoMke kAraNa hotI haiM; jo zeSa cAra dravyoke sAtha harasamaya kriyAzIla rahatI haiM / " itanA jAnalene para hama bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakI prAraMbhika zikSAokA vizada antara dekhaneme samartha haiM / yadyapi ma0 buddhane apane siddhAMtoMko jisa DhaMga aura kramase sthApita kiyA hai vaha jAhirA bha0 mahAvIra ke dharma nirUpaNa-DhaMgase sAdRzyatA rakhatA 1 tatvArtha sUtra bha0 5. 2 dI prinsilsa Apha jainIjma pR0 4

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126] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra hai, kintu itanepara bhI vaha bha0 mahAvIrake DhaMgake samAna nahIM hai| vaha anAtmavAda para avalavita hai aura svayaM aparipUrNa hai, parantu bhagavAna mahAvIrane usI sanAtana dharmakA pratipAdana kiyA thA; nisako unake pUrvagAmI tIrthaGkarone vastusthitike anurUpameM batalAyA thA, aura jisameM AtmAkI mAnyatA sarvAbhimukha thii| sarvajJa tIrthakaradvArA pratipAdita huA dharma kisI dRSTimeM bhI aparipUrNa nahIM hotaa| yahI dazA bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharmake viSayameM hai| __ma0 buddhane apane saiddhAntika vivecanameM 'sAvAra' mukhya batalAye the, kintu inakA bhI eka spaSTarUpa nahI milatA hai / to bhI itanA spaSTa hai ki jaina siddhAntameM yaha kahIM nahIM milate hai| ataeva yaha vastuta sAMkhyadarzanake 'saMskAra' siddhAntake rupAntara hI hai aura prAyaH vahIMse liye gaye pratIta hote haiM | ina sAkhArokI utpatti ma0 buddhane cAra vAtokI ajJAnatApara avalambita batAI hai, arthAt dukha, usake mUla, usake nAza aura usake mArgakI ajAnakArI hI sakhArokI janmadAtrI hai| yaha 'saMkhAra' mukhyataH mana, vacana, kAyarUpameM vibhAjita hai| yadi eka bhikSu yaha nidAna vAdhe ki mai mRtyu uparAnta amuka kulameM utpanna hoUM to vaha apane isa tarahake bAdhe huye saMkhArake kAraNa avazya hI usa kulameM janma legaa| kintu DaoN0 kIthasAhaba isa matase sahamata nahIM hai| ve kahate hai ki dUsarA janma devala mAnasika nidAnake bala nahI ho saktA / yaha siddhAnta svayaM cauddha zAstroMke kathanase bilaga par3atA hai| bauddhazAstrose yaha jJAta hai ki jaba zarIra vidyamAna hotA hai tava hI zArIrika yA kAyika saMkhAra bAMdhA jA sakA hai| isa

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-aura ma0.buddha [121 liye AgAmI ke liye saMkhAra bAMdhanA muzkila hai / tisapara yaha bAta mI dhyAnameM rakhanekI hai ki buddhane jina pAMca skhaNDoM yA skaMdhokA samudAya vyakti batalAyA hai unameM eka khaNDa saMkhAra bhI hai| isa avasthAme saMkhArakA bhAva alaga nidAna bAMdhanekA nahI ho saktA / isIliye DaoN. kIthasAhaba bhAvo (Dispositions) ko hI saMkhAra batalAte haiM: jo sAMkhyadarzanake 'saskAra ke samAna hI hai, jinakA vyavahAra vahAM para pahile vicAroM aura kAryodvArA chor3e gaye saMskAroM (Impressions) ke prabhAva phalake rUpameM huA haiM / ' ma0 buddhake batAye huye jAhirA kArya-kAraNa lar3ImeM ina saMkhArokI mukhyatA isIrUpameM maujUda hai / inhI saMkhArokI pradhAnatAko lakSya karate huye ma0 buddhane apanI kArya-kAraNa laDIkA nirUpaNa isa taraha kiyA hai: "ajJAnase saMskArakI utpatti hotI hai| isase vijJAna (Apprehension) kI; jisase nAma aura bhautika deha utpanna hotI phira nAma aura bhautika dehase SaT-kSetrakI sRSTi hotI hai, jo indriyoM aura viSayoko janma detI hai / ina indriyo aura unake viSayoMke ApasI sagharpase vedanA utpanna hotI hai / vedanAse tRSNA hotI hai, jisase upAdAna paidA hotA hai, jo bhavakA kAraNa hai| bhavase janma hotA hai| janmase bur3hApA, maraNa, dukha, anusocana + (Rmo 1st) yAtanA, udvega aura nairAsya utpanna hote haiM / isa taraha dukhakA sAmrAjya bar3hatA hai|" 1 iya vivaraNake lie DaoN. kIthasA kI "buddhisTa philAsapho* nAma puna: (pRSTha 50-51) dekhanA cAhie /

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128] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraisa vivaraNase hameM ma0 buddhakA saMsAra pravAha jAhirA kAryakAraNake siddhAnta para avalaMbita najara AtA hai| isI kAraNausake anusAra bhI saMsArameM sanAtana aura avicchanna pravAha milate haiN| isa avasthAmeM yaha jainasiddhAMtameM svIkRta janma-maraNa siddhAnta (Transmigration Theory) kA rUpAntara hI hai / inameM jo bheda hai vaha yahI hai ki bauddhoMke anusAra prAraMbhameM sarva kucha (Form and mode) ajJAna hI thaa| jainasiddhAntameM sasAraparibhramaNa siddhAntakA prAraMbha mAnA hI nahIM gayA hai / vaha vahAM anAdinidhana hai / isataraha buddhakA saMsArapravAha mUlase hI jainasiddhAntake viruddha hai ma. vuddhake ukta vivaraNameM yadi hama yaha jAnanekI koziza kareM ki janma kisakA hotA hai, to hameM nirAzA hI hAtha AyagI; kyoki AtmAkA astitva ma0 buddhane svIkAra hI nahI kiyA thaa| yadyapi isa viSayame logoMko apanI marjI ke mutAbika zraddhAna bAMdhanekI bhI chuTTI ma buddhane dedIthI, jisase bauddha zAstroM meM bhI AtmabAdakI jhalaka kahI 2 dikhAI paDa jAtI hai, parantu unhone svayaM anAtmavAdako hI pradhAnatA dI thii| abhidharmakA nirUpaNa karate huye buddhane yahI kahA thA ki 'na koI AtmA hai, na pudgala hai, na satva hai aura na jIva hai| yahA kevala brAhmaNa siddhAntameM mAne huye AtmAkA hI khaNDana nahIM hai, balki usa siddhAMtakA bhI jo zarIrase bhinna eka jIvitapadArthamAnakara saMsAraparibhramaNakI ghoSaNA karatA hai| unake anusAra manupya pAMca skandhoMkA samudAya hai, arthAta rUpa 1 dhammapada (S. B. E) aura theratherI gAMdhA dekho.

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 129 (Material element ), saMjJA, vedanA, saMskAra aura vijJAna / manuSyakA varNana usake una bhAgoke varNana meM kiyA gayA hai jinase vaha banA hai aura usakI samAnatA eka rathase kI hai jo vividha avayavoMkA banA huA hai aura svayaM usakA vyaktitva kucha nahIM hai / '' / '' yaha mAnatA vuddhake uparAnta unakI hInayAna sampradAyako aba bhI mAnya hai; kiMtu mahAyAna sampradAya isase agADI baDhakara padArthoMke astitvase hI inkAra karatI hai| usake nikaTa saba zUnya hai, yaha uparAntakA sudhAra hai / ma0 buddhake nikaTa to anityavAda hI mAnya thA / isa avasthAmeM isa praznakA saMtoSajanaka uttara pAnA kaThina hai ki janma kisakA hotA hai ? 3 ma0 buddhane prAyaH isa praznako adhUrA hI choDa diyA hai / parantu jo kucha unane kahA hai usakA bhAva yahI hai ki eka vyakti janma letA hai aura yaha vyakti kevala pAMca vastuoM kA samudAya hai jinako hama dekha cuke / isase yaha vyakti koI sanAtana nitya padArtha nahI mAnA jAsaktA / sattA to vaha hai hI nahIM / jisa prakAra saba avayavoke pahilese maujUda rahaneke kAraNa zabda ' ratha ' kahA jAtA hai vaise hI jaba uparollikhita pAca vastuyeM ekatrita huI taba buddhane 'vyakti' zabdakA uccAraNa kiyA / yaha bauddhoMkI mAnyatA hai ! aura isase hamArA prazna hala nahI hotA, kyoki jina pAMca skandhokA samudAya vyakti batAyA gayA hai vaha usa vyaktike sAtha hI khatama ho jAte haiM ! astu, 1 1 insAikopeDiyA Apha rilIjana eNDa ithiksa bhAga 9 pR. 847. 2 kAnphluyensa Apha opojiTsa pR0 147. 3 milindapanha 21112.

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13.] [bhagavAna mahAvIra ___ agAr3I isI kArya-kAraNa-lar3Ike anusAra kahA gayA hai ki paryAyAvasthA (Becoming) cAlU rahatI hai aura vastutaH yahAM sivAya paryAyAntarita honeke koI vyakti hai hI nhii|' isa paryA* yAvasthAme purAnI aura navIna paryAyakA sambandha cAlU rakhaneke liye, mahAnidAna sUtra meM, mAtAke garbhame vijJAna (Consciousness) kA utaranA batalAyA hai| DaoN0 kItha isa matako svIkAra karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki "isa vaktavya-vizeSaNase ki 'vijJAnakA utarAva hotA hai| ( Descent of the Consciousness ) vijJAnakA purAnI paryAyase navInameM jAnA bilkula spaSTa hai| aura yaha sabhava hai ki yaha vijJAna kisI prakArake zarIra sahita AtA ho / ma0 buddha vijJAnake cAlU rahanese vilkula sahamata haiM / " isaprakAra yadyapi ma0 buddhane eka nitya sattAtmaka vyakti kA astitva svIkAra kiye vinA hI apanA siddhAnta nirUpita karanA cAhA aura saMjJA (Consciousness) kI utpatti apane Apa pAMca skandhoma hotI svIkAra kI, jisa taraha sAkhyadarzana batalAtA hai, parantu aMtataH unako paryAya-pravAhameM saMjJA-vijJAna-Conserousness kA cAlU rahanA mAnanA hI par3A / isa taraha isa nirUpaNakI kojAI sApha jAhira hai / bhalA vinA kisI sattAtmaka nitya nIvake sAMsArika paryAyokA kilA kase vAdhA jAsaktA hai ? kintu isa nirUpaNamaiM bhI jaina siddhAtakI jhilamilI alaka najara par3a rahI hai / jainiyoMka anusAra icchA hI karmavadhakI kAraNa hai, jisakA mUla zrota karmana- 1 buddhijma-iTsa hisTarI enDa sTirecara pRSTha 124. 2 diipni| kAya 2163.3, budrisTa philaoNsaphI pRSTa 80.

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__-aura ma0 buddha ] [132 nita mohAvasthAmeM hai| isalie sattAtmaka vyakti (jIva)-nisakA lakSaNa upayoga saMjJA hai, isa avasthAmeM sAMsArika duHkha aura pIDAko bhugatatA saMsArameM rulatA hai| isa saMsAraparibhramaNameM jaba vaha eka zarIrase dUsare zarIrameM jAtA hai to usake sAtha sUkSma kArmANa zarIra bhI jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa dUsare zarIrameM usakA janma hotA hai| ma0 buddhake ukta vivaraNameM hameM isa siddhAMtake vikratarUpameM kiJcita darzana hote haiN| aba jarA aura bar3hakara bauddhadarzanameM yaha to dekhiye ki vaha kaunasI zakti hai jo 'vijJAna'ko usakA navIna janma detI hai ? ma0 buddhane yaha zakti karma vatalAI hai| karmameM bhI 'upAdAna' isake liye mukhya kAraNa hai| isa karmasambaMdhameM bhI DaoN. kIthasAhaba hameM vizvAsa dilAte haiM ki 'isa bAtapara bauddhazAstra prAyaH spaSTa haiN| karmakA jora kisI rItise bhI TAlA nahIM jAsaktA bahAnebAjI vahAM kAma nahIM detii| karmakA daNDa avazya hI sahana karanA par3egA __ hAM, usa dazAmeM yaha nirarthaka ho jAtA hai jaba sasAra-pravAhakI lar3Iko naSTa karanekA sAdhana mila gayA ho| yahAMpara bhaviSyake liye to karma lAgU nahIM ho sakkA, kintu gata karmokA kAryameM le AnA Avazyaka hai jisase unakA mahatva hI jAtA rhe| aneka 1. ma0 buddhane bhI icchAko-tRSNAko duHkhakA kAraNa batalAyA hai, parantu usake bhAvako donoM sthAnoMpara dUsarI taraha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, yaha prakaTa hai| tathApi buddhane indriyoMkI saMkhyA, nAma aura unakA viSaya ThIka jainadharmake anusAra batalAyA hai| manakI vyAkhyA jo unane kI hai vaha bhI sAmAnyata. jainadharmakI vyAkhyAse milatI julatI hai / isake liye tatvArthasUtra a0 2 dekhanA caahiye|

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- - 132] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrahatyAyoMke aparAdhIkI chuTTI isa avasthAmeM thor3ese mukkoMke khAnemeM hI ho jAtI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki gata saMskAroM aura vijJAna (Consciousness)kA dUsare bhavame calA AnA avazyaMbhAvI hai| ____ isa taraha jitane bhI ajJAnIvyakti tRSNAke AdhIna huye usako tRpta karanekI koziza karate rahate hai, unake viSayameM buddha kahate haiM, ki ve saMsArameM phaMse rahate hai, aura apane kRtakarmoke phala anurUpa navIna vyaktitvako janma dete haiN| yaha karmazakti kisa taraha apanA kArya karatI hai, abhAgyavaza yaha hamako nahIM batAyA gayA hai| yaha bhI buddhakI 'anizcita bAtoM mese eka hai / ma0 buddha karmakI kAryazakti to mAnate hai, parantu vaha yaha nahIM batalAte ki vaha kisa taraha kArya karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki svayaM bauddhagranthoMmeM isa viSayapara pUrvApara virodhita mata milate hai / jarA 'milinda-panha'ko le liijie| eka sthAnapara isameM kevala karmako hI duHkha va pIDAkA kAraNa nahIM batalAyA hai balki pita-zleSma Adike AdhikyarUpa ATha kAraNa aura batalAye hai, aura kahA hai ki jo karmako hI saba pIDAoMkA mUla batalAte hai ve jhUThe hai| kintu isI granthameM anyatra karmake prabhAvako hI sarvopari svIkAra kiyA hai| kahA hai ki yaha karma hI hai jo zeSa saba bAtopara adhikAra jamAye huye hai| usIkI tUtI sarvathA volatI hai| isa taraha bauddha dharmameM karmasiddhAntakA nirUpaNa bhI pUrNarUpame nahI milatA hai| isa kamatAIkA doSa ma0 1. yahA jainadharmake varma saMkramaNa, atikmaNakA dRzya hai / 2. buddhisTa philaoNsaphI pRSTha 102. 3. kathsa 'buddhisTa philaoNsaphI' pRSTha 109 1. milinda-panha 4 2. 5. mi. pa. 4413,

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* -aura ma0 buddha] [163 buddhapara Aropita nahIM kiyA jAsaktA, kyoki unhoMne pahile hI saiddhAMtika vAtAvaraNameM Anese inkAra kara diyA thaa| ve the tatkAlIna paristhitike sudhAraka aura sudhAraka bhI mAdhyamika koTike ! isaliye unakA saiddhAMtika vivecana pUrNatAko liye huye na ho to koI Azcarya nahIM! vauddhadharmakA saiddhAMtika vikAsa bahuta karake ma0 buddhake uparAntakA kArya hai| kintu itanepara bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhake anusAra bhI saMsAra eka sanAtana pravAha hai, jisakA prArambha aura anta anaMtake gartameM hai / tathApi vaha asattAtmaka ( Unsubstantial ) aura karmake Azrita haiM / karma svayaM kisI manuSyakA naitika kArya nahIM batalAyA gayA hai, parantu vaha eka sArvabhaumika siddhAnta mAnA gayA hai| use kisI bAhya hastakSepakI jarUrata nahIM hai jo usakA phala pradAna kare / karma svayaM svAdhIna hai, isaliye buddhake nikaTa bhI eka jagata niyaMtraka IzvarakI mAnatAko Adara prApta nahIM hai| isa prakAra sAmAnyataH bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakA karma siddhAnta vivaraNa bhI kiMcita bAhya sAdRzyatA rakhatA hai| karmakA svabhAva aura prabhAva donoM ora ekasAhI mAnA gayA hai| kintu yaha ekatA kevala zabdomeM hI hai| mUlameM donoMmeM AkAza pAtAlakA antara haiN| bha0 mahAvIrake anusAra karma eka sUkSma sattAmaya paugalika padArtha hai; jo saMsArI jIvake bandhanakA kAraNa hai| ma0 vuddhake nikaTa vaha asattAtmaka (Unsubstantial) niyama hai| vidvAnoMne pari__NAmataH khona karake yaha pragaTa kiyA hai ki ma0 buddhane karmasiddhAMTa takI bahutasI bAtoMko jainadharmase gRhaNa kiyA thaa| mAdhava, saMvara

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[ bhagavAna mahAvAragabda, jo bauddha dharmameM zabdArthameM vyavahRta nahIM hote, mUlameM jaina dharmake haiN|' astu| dUsarI ora ma0 buddhake upadezake viparIta bhagavAna mahAvIrakA siddhAnta vivecana AtmavAdapara Azrita thaa| AtmA usameM mukhya mAnI gaI thI, jaise hama dekhacuke hai| bhagavAnane kahA thA ki anantakAlase AtmAkA pudgalase sambaMdha hai| yadyapi yaha AtmA -apane svabhAvameM anaMtadarzana, anatajJAna, anaMtavIrya aura anaMtasukha kara pUrNa svAdhIna hai, kintu isake ukta sambandhane isake asalI rUpako malina kara diyA hai / isI malinatAke kAraNa vaha sasArameM anAdikAlase paribhramaNa kararahI hai| isa taraha jo AtmAyeM saMsAra paribhramaNameM phaMsI huI hai, ve ghora yAtanAyeM aura pIr3AyeM sahana karatI hai| unakA yaha paudbhalika sambandha uname indriyajanita icchAo aura vAJchAoMkI aisI jabaradasta tRSNA utpanna karatA hai ki vaha dinarAta usImeM jalA karatI haiN| unake sAtha isa paribhramaName eka kArmANazarIra lagA rahatA hai, jo puNyamaI aura pApamaI karmavargaNAoMkA banA huA hai| isa kArmANa-zarIrameM mana, vacana, kAyakI pravRttike anusAra pratyeka kSaNa navIna karmavargaNAyeM AtI rahatI haiM aura sAtha hI purAnI jhaDatI rahatI hai| ye karmavargaNAyeM jo AtmAmeM Anavita hotI haiM ve kisI niyata kAlake lie hI AtmAse sambandhita hotI hai / jyoM hI AtmAko vastusthitikA bhAna hotA hai aura use bheda vijJAnakI prApti hotI hai, tyo hI vaha sAMsArika kAryoM aura jhUThe mohase mamatva tyAga detI hai| isa dazAmeM vaha Atma-dhyAna 1. insAiklopaDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ipiksa bhAga pRSTha 4.2.

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [135 aura tapa-upavAsakA Azraya letI hai, jisake sahAre kramaza Atmonnati karate huye vaha eka roja karmabandhanose pUrNataH mukta ho jAtI hai / bhagavada kundakundAcArya yahI batalAte haiM."jIvA puggalakAyA annnnonnnnaagaaddhghnnpddibddhaa| kAle vijujjamANA muhadukkhaM dinti bhuJjanti // 67 // " bhAvArtha-AtmA aura karmapudgala dono eka dUsarese bArabAra sambandhita hote hai, kintu ucitakAlameM ve alaga 2 hojAte haiN| vahI dukha aura sukhako utpanna karate haiM jinakA anubhava AtmAko karanA paDatA hai| isa prakAra mukhyataH karma hI sarva sAMsArika kAryokA mUla kAraNa hai / jo kucha eka saMsArI AtmA botA hai, vahI vaha bhogatA hai| aura jaba ki yaha karmavaddha AtmA hI zeSa pAca dravyoMke sAtha kArya kara rahA hai, taba saMsArakI saba kriyAyeM isI karmapara avalambita haiN| isa karmakA prabhAva sAre lokameM vyApta hai aura saMsArapravAha bhI isa hIke balapara cAlU hai| isakA phala bhI aTala hai / kabhI jAhirAhameM bhale hI usakA phala kArya karatA najara na AtA ho, parantu to bhI sAmAnyatayA karma niSphala nahIM jA sakatA / saMsArameM hama eka pApIko phUlatA phalatA avazya dekhate hai aura eka puNyAtmAko duHkha uThAte, kintu isase bhI yaha svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakA ki pApakarmIkA phala pApIko aura puNyakarmIkA phala puNyAtmAko nahI milegaa| jainAcArya kahate haiM: "yAhiMsAvato'pi samRddhiH arhata pUjAvato'pi dAridyAptiH sA'krameNa mAgupAttasya pApAnubandhinaH puNyasya puNvAnuvandhinaH

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136] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrapApasya ca phlm| tat kriyopAttaM tu karmajanmAntarephaliSyatIti nAtra niyatakAryakAreNa vyabhicAramA" bhAvArtha-pApI manuSyakI abhivRddhi aura arhatapUjArata puNyAtmAkI dayAnanaka sthiti una donoke pUrvasaMcita karmokA phala samajhanA caahiye| unake isa janmake pApa aura puNya dUsare bhavame apanA phala dikhAveMge, isaliye karma niyama kisI taraha bAdhita nahIM hai| ___ sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa the-sAkSAt paramAtmA theisaliye unakA upadeza vaijJAnika aura vyavasthita honA hI caahiye| isa hIke anurUpame jainazAstroM jaise-gommaTasAra, paJcAstikAyasAra AdimeM karmasiddhAntakA pUrNa aura vaijJAnika vivecana otaprota bharA huA hai / usakA sAmAnya digdarzana karAnA bhI yahAM muzkila hai| to bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki karmasiddhAMtake astitva aura usakI kriyAse inkAra nahIM kiyA jAsaktA / kArya-kAraNa siddhAtakA prAkRtika niyama hai, isa viSayameM itanA dhyAna avazya rakhanA cAhiye ki AtmA svayaM apane svabhAvameM hI kriyA karatA hai aura vaha apane Apa apane bhAvakA kAraNa hai / vaha karmakI vividha avasthAokA mUla kAraNa nahIM hai, isI taraha karma bhI svayaM apanI paryAyokA kAraNa hai / vaha svayaM apane ApameM kriyAzIla hai| zrI nemicandrAcAryajI unake pArasparika sambandhako spaSTa pragaTa kara dete hai - puggalakammAdINa kattA vavahArado dunninycydo| cedaNakammANAdA muddhaNayA suddhabhAvANam // 8 // dravyasaMgraha // bhAvArtha-vyavahAranayakI apekSA AtmA karmakI paryAyoMkA kAraNa hai; azuddha nizcayanayase AtmA svayaM apane upayogamayI

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [137 bhAvoMkA kAraNa hai aura zuddha nizcayanayase vaha pavitra svAbhAvika dazAkA kAraNa hai| isaprakAra ukta vivecanase yaha spaSTa hai ki saMsAra avasthAmeM bhaTakatI huI AtmA apanI khAbhAvika avasthAke guNoMkA upabhoga karane meM asamartha hai| isakI azuddha avasthAmeM rAga, dveSa Adi jaise vibhAva utpanna hote rahate haiM, jo isake sAMsArika bandhanako aura bhI bar3hAte haiM / bhagavad kundakundAcArya yahI batalAte haiM:'bhAvanimitto vandho bhAvoradi raagdvessmohjudo|' arthAta-vandha bhAvake AdhIna hai jo rati, rAga, dveSa aura mohakara saMyukta hai / ataeva isa lokameM bharI huI karmavargaNAoMko jo AtmAkI ora AkarSita karate haiM vaha bhAva haiM, arthAt mithyAdarzana, avarati, pramAda, kaSAya aura mana, vacana, kAyarUpa yog| yahI bhAva karmabaddha AtmAko zubha aura azubha kriyAoMke anusAra pApa aura puNyamaya karmAzravake kAraNa haiM / isa tarahapara karma mukhyatA do prakArakA hai:-(1) bhAvakarma (2) aura dravyakarma / AtmAmeM udaya honevAle bhAva bhAvakama haiM aura jo karmavargaNAyeM usameM Azravita hotI haiM vaha dravyakarma haiN| yaha karmokA Agamana 'Azrava' kahalAtA hai| yaha jainasiddhAntameM svIkRta sAta tatvomeM tIsarA tatva hai / jIva aura ajIva prathama do tatva hai| isa saiddhAntika vivecanameM jisa prakAra ukta tIna tatva prAkRta 1. tatvArthasatra (S. B. J. Vol. II.) pRSTha 155. bauddhoke majjhimanikAya (P. T. S. Vol. I. P. 372) meM bhI jainiyoke isa yogakA ullekha hai| -

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138] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra Avazyaka hai, usI taraha zeSake tatva hai / inameM cauthA tatva baMdha haiN| yaha Azravita karmako AtmAse eka kAlake liye sambandhita karAneke liye Avazyaka hI hai / isakA kArya yahI hai|' isakA kArya yahI hai, parantu isa baMdhakI avadhi usasamayake kaSAyoMkI tIvratApara avalambita hai; jisasamaya karmAzrava horahA ho / isa avadhime saMcita karma apanA zubhAzubha phala detA hai aura pUrNa phalako denepara AtmAse alaga hojAtA hai| yahAMtaka to karmoMke saMcaya aura unake prabhAvakA digdarzana kiyA gayA hai, kintu pAMcaveM tatvase isa karma se chuTakArA pAnekA bhAva zurU hotA hai / yaha tatva saMvara hai / karmoMse chuTakArA pAneke liye usa nalIkA mukha banda karanA Avazyaka hai jisameMse karmAzrava hotA hai| yaha pratirodha hI saMvara haiM / mana, vacana, kAyake yoga aura unake AdhIna indriyajanita viSayavAsanAoM para vijaya prApta karanA mAno AgAmI karmoM ke AgamanakA dvAra baMda karanA hai / phira isa avasthAmeM kevala yahI zeSa raha jAtA hai ki jo karma sattAmeM ho unako nikAla diyA jaave| yaha nikAlanA chaTTA tatva nirjarA hai aura isake dvArA kamako niyata samayase pahile hI jhADa denA hai / yaha saMyama aura tapazcaraNake abhyAsa se hotA hai / antataH karmoMse pUrNa chuTakArA pAnA sAtavAM tatva mokSa hai / mukta huI AtmA lokakI zikhirapara sthita siddhazilAmeM pahuMcakara hamezA ke liye apane svabhAvakA bhoktA bana jAtI hai| usa dazAmeM vaha ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta vIrya aura ananta sukhakA upabhoga karatI hai / isaprakAra yaha prAkRtika siddha sAta tatva hai aura inameM kisI prakArakI kamIvezI karanekI 1. ta0 sU0 pRSTha 157... 2. ta0 sU0 pRSTha 175.

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/ -aura ma0 buddha [ 139 guJjAiza nahIM hai / isaliye Aja bhI hamako yaha usI rUpameM milate hai jisa rUpameM bhagavAna mahAvIrane DhAI hajAra varSa pahile puna batalAye the / inhIM tatvoMmeM puNya aura pApa milAnese nau padArtha hojAte haiN| astuH ____ aba jarA pAThakagaNa, ina karmake bheTopara bhI eka dRSTi DAla lIjiye, jo saMsArapravAhameM itanA mukhya sthAna gRhaNa kiye huye hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane sAmAnyataH yaha ATha prakArakA vatalAyA thA; yathA--- (1) jJAnAvarNIya-jJAnako AvaraNa (Dhakane) karanevAlA karma / (2) darzanAvarNIya-dekhanekI zaktime bAdhA DAlanevAlA krm| (3) mohanIya-vaha karma jo AtmAke samyak zraddhAna aura AcaraNameM bAdhaka hai| (4) antarAya-,,, , kI svataMtratAme vAdhaka hai| (6) vedanIya-,,, sukha-duHkhakA anubhava karAtA hai| (6) nAma- ,, , , saMsArakI vividha gatiyoMmeM lejAne kA kAraNa hai, jaise dev,mnussyaadi| (7) gotra- "" , ucca-nIca kulameM janma lenekA kAraNa hai| (8) Ayu- ,,, ,, eka niyata kAla taka eka gatimeM rakhatA hai| yaha ATha prakArake karma punaH atabhedomeM vibhAjita hai, jo kula 148 karmapratiyAM kahalAtI haiN| jisa prakRtikA jisa samaya udaya hogA usa samaya AtmAkI avasthA vaisI hI ho jaavegii|

Page #156
140] [bhagavAna mahAvIraisakI sUkSmatA yahA taka vyApta hai ki jIvita prANIke garIrakI haDDiyoMko racanevAlA eka asthi-nAma-karma hai / koI dazA aura koI avasthA karmaprabhAvake atirikta kucha nahIM hai aura jaba yaha karma svayaM prANIke mana, vacana, kAyakI kriyAoMke anusAra sattAmeM AtA hai, taba yaha isa prANIke AdhIna hai vaha cAhe jisa prakArake karmako apanemeM saMcaya kare athavA usako vilkula hI Azravita na hone denekA upAya kare ! matalaba yaha ki manuSyakA bhaviSya svayaM usakI muTThImeM hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrake batAye huye karmavAdakA pAragAmI vilkula svAvalambI aura svAdhIna hotA hI najara aaygaa| parAvalambitA aura parAzritAko yahA sthAna prApta nahIM hai| vAdakA pUrNa digdadarzana gommaTasArAdijaina graMthoMse karanA Avazyaka hai| aba yaha to jAna liyA ki isa anAdinidhana lokameM karmajanita parasthitimeM ananta AtmAeM apane svabhAvako gaMvAyeM bhaTaka rahIM hai; parantu isa bhaTakanakA bhI koI krama hai yA nahIM ? bhagavAna mahAvIrane isakA bhI eka krama hamako batalAyA hai| yaha krama jIvanake vividha rUpa niyata karatA hai / jaina dharmameM inakA ullekha 'gati' ke nAmase kiyA gayA hai aura ye cAra prakAra hai-(1) devagati, (2) manuSyagati, (3) tiryaMcagati aura (4) narkagati / devagatimeM AtmA svargoM meM janma letA hai, jahAM vizeSa aizvarya aura sukhakA upabhoga vaha karatA hai, kintu yahAM bhI vaha duHkha aura pIr3Ase bilkula mukta nahIM hai| dUsarI gati manuSyabhava hai aura isake bhAgyameM sukha aura duHkha donoM hI bade haiM; tisapara usameM duHkhakI mAtrA hI adhika hai / tIsarI tiryaJcagatimeM pazu, pakSI, kIr3e, makor3e, vRkSa,

Page #157
-aura ma0 buddha [141 latA, agni, jala, vAyu Adi jIvana-bhavagarbhita haiM / isa gatimeM AtmAko aura adhika duHkha aura pIr3A bhugatanI paDatI hai| aMtima narkagati narkakA vAsa hai| yahAM ghora duHkha aura asahya pIr3AyeM sahana karanI par3atI haiN| ina cArakI bhI antardazAyeM hai; parantu ina sabakA lakSaNa jInA aura maranA hI hai / ina gatiyoMmeMse AtmA kisI mI gatimeM nAve usake zubhAzubha karma apane Apa usake sAtha jaaveNge| isaliye kisI bhavameM bhI upArnana kiyA huA puNya akAratha nahIM jAtA hai / inameMse svarga aura narkakI vAsI AtmAyeM apane Ayuke pure dinokA upabhoga karatI hai-inakI akAla mRtyu nahI hotI, parantu zepa do gatiyoMke jIva apanI Ayuke pUrNa honeke pahile bhI maraNa kara jAte haiN| narakagatimeM zarIrake TukaDe 2 bhI kara diye jAya, parantu vaha naSTa nahIM hotii| pArekI taraha vaha alaga hokara bhI jur3a jAtA hai / tiryaJcagatime do prakArake jIva haiM:-(1) samanaska arthAt manavAle aura (2) amanaska arthAt vinA manavAle jIva / yaha phira sthAvara-jo cala phira na sakeM aura trasa-jo cala phira sakeM ke rUpase do prakAra haiM / jala, vAyu, agni, pRthvI, vanaspati Adike rUpakI AtmAyeM sthAvara hai / ve eka indrI rakhate haiM aura bhaya lagane para bhI bhAga nahI sakte haiM / aura trasa pazu, pakSI Adi haiN| manupya mukhyataH Arya aura mleccha do bhedomeM vibhAjita haiN| pratyeka saMsArI AtmAke usakI gatike anusAra eka prakArake 1. baunoMke zakhoMmeM bhI niyoMkI isa mAnyatAkA ullekha hai :sumahAlAvilAsinI pRSTha 168 aura milindapanha 4654. 2. vauddhadharmameM bhI yahI dazA nArakiyoMkI mAnI hai, dekho-'dI hevana eNDa hela ina buddhisTa paraspekTiva' pRSTha 102.

Page #158
142] [bhagavAna mahAvAra - prANa bhI haiN| yaha prANa saMsArI AtmAke zarIra dvArA pragaTa hue upayogakA eka rUpa hai| ye kula dasa haiN| (1) pAMca indriyAM (sparzana, rasana, prANa, cakSu, zrotra); (6) manazakti, (7) vacana zakti, (8) kAyazakti, (9) Ayu aura (10) zvAsozvAsa / ina prANoke anusAra hI AtmA karma saMcaya kara saktI hai aura kapAyoMko rakha saktI hai isIliye AtmAokI che lezyAyeM ( Thought Colours) batAI hai| inase AtmAke kaSAyoMkI tIvratA jJAta hotI hai| yaha makkheMli gozAlake chai abhijAti siddhAntake samAna nahIM hai / usake anusAra to manuSya AtmAyeM hI chai prakArako ThaharatI hai, parantu jainasiddhAntameM saba AtmAyeM apane asalI rUpameM 'eka samAna batAI gaI haiN| ma0 buddhane bhI 'vyakti' ke chai prakArake jIvana batAye haiM aura yaha saMbhavata svarga, narka, manuSya, pazupakSI, preta aura asura rUpa haiN| jala, agni, vAyu aura pRthvImeM buddhane jIva svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai yadyapi vanaspatimeM jIva svIkAra kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| paraMtu inamese kisIkA bhI pUrNa mArmika vivaraNa hame bauddha dharmame sAmAnyataH nahI milatA hai| itanA jJAta hai ki puNya pApameM karma no ajJAnatAke kAraNa kiye jAte hai unase ina jIvanomeM vyaktikA sadbhAva hotA hai| yaha jAnane kA prayatna karane para ki yaha jIvanakrama lokame kisa taraha para avasthita hai, ma0 vuddha batalAte hai ki isa lokameM agaNita sasAra kSetra hai, jinake apane 2 svarga aura narka hai| 1.he. e0 he0 pRSTha 92. 2 milinda 4 / 37. 3. hai. e0 he. pRSTha 13.

Page #159
-aura ma0, buddha.] [143 ___ jahAMtaka eka sUrya athavA candramAkA prakAza pahuMcatA hai vahAMtakakA pradeza eka 'sakkala' kahalAtA hai / pratyeka sakkalameM pRthvI, khaNDa, prAnta, dvIpa, samudra, parvata Adi hote haiM aura usake madhyameM 'mahAmeru' parvata hotA hai| pratyeka sakkalakA AdhAra 'anatAkAza' hai| jisake Upara 'vApolova' arthAt vAyupaTala 960 yojana moTA hai| vApolovake bAda nalapolova hai jo 480,000 yojana moTAIkA hai| ThIka isake Upara mahApolova arthAt pRthvI hai jo 240,000 yojana moTI hai| isa taraha pratyeka sakkala arthAta kSetrako ma0 buddhane tIna prakArake paTaloMse veSTita vatalAyA thaa| yahAM bhI jainasiddhAMtakI sAdRzyatA dRSTavya hai / agADI pAThaka dekheMge ki jainasiddhAntameM bhI lokako tIna valayose veSTita kisa taraha batalAyA gayA hai| mahAmeru jainadharmakA sumeru parvata pratIta hotA hai| vauddha ise 168000 yojana UMcA aura isake zikhira para 'tabutiza' nAmaka devaloka batalAte hai / jainiyokA sumeruparvata eka lAkha yojana UMcA hai aura usakI zikhirake kiJcita antarase svarga lokake vimAna prAraMbha hote batAye gae haiN| isase eka bAla barAbara antara para saudharma vargakA vimAna hai| yahAM bhI sAdRzyatA dRSTavya hai| uparAnta patyeka sakkala yA pRthvImeM cAra dvIpakI gaNanA bauddhazAstromeM kI gaI hai arthAt (1) uttara kurudivayina jo mahAmerukI uttara ora caukoMne 8000 yojanake vistArakA hai, (2) pUrva videza-jo mahAmerukI pUrva ora ardhacadrAkAra 7000 yojana vistArakA hai| (3) aparagodAna, jo|| 1 Haidy's Manual of Buddhism p. p. 2-3... 2. Ibid.

Page #160
- - - - 144. [ bhagavAna mahAvIramahAmerukI pazcima ora gola darpaNake AkArakA 7000 yojanake vistArakA hai; (4) aura jambUdvIpa jo mahAmerukI dakSiNa ora trikona AkArakA 10000 yojanake vistArakA hai| jaina vivaraNa isase nahIM milatA hai / vahAM madhyalokameM jambUdvIpa Adi aneka dvIpa samudra batAye haiN| ina dvIpasamudroke ThIka bIcobIcameM jambUdvIpa batalAyA hai jo gola AkArakA hai aura jisake madhyameM manuSya zarIrameM nAbhikI bhAMti meru parvata hai / jambUdvIpa eka lAkha yonanake vistArakA hai / uttarakuru aura pUrvavideha usameM ve kSetra haiM jahAM bhogabhUmi hai; parantu bauddhoMke aparagodAna dvIpakA patA kahIM nahIM lagatA hai / bauddhone apane 'uttarakurudivayina' dvIpakA jo vivaraNa diyA hai usase spaSTa hai ki ve bhI vahAM eka tarahakI bhogabhUmi mAnate haiN| unake anusAra vahAke nivAsI caukola mukhake hai, jo na kabhI bImAra hote haiM aura na koI Akasmika ghaTanA unapara ghaTita hotI hai / strI puruSa dono hI sadA SoDazavarzIya sundara avasthAko dhAraNa kiye rahate haiN| ve koI kArya dhandhA bhI nahI karate hai, kyoMki jo kucha ve cAhate haiM vaha unako 'kalpavRkSo' se mila jAtA hai|' yaha vRkSa 100 yojana Uce hai| vahAM mAtA, pitA, bhAI AdikA koI riztA nahI hai / striye devose bhI sundara haiM / vahAM varSA nahI hotI jisase gharokI bhI AvazyaktA nahIM hai| manuSyokI Ayu yahAM eka hajAra varSakI hai| yaha vivaraNa jainiyoMkI bhogabhUmise bahuta milatA julatA hai / yadyapi vahAM bhogabhUmiyokI Ayu bahuta jyAdA batalAI hai| isa bhedakA kAraNa yahI hai ki jainadharmameM sakhyA parimANa 1. Ibrd P. 4. 2. Iuid P. P. 14-15.

Page #161
-aura ma0 buddha] [145 bauddhose bahuta adhika hai / bauddhokI utkRSTa saMkhyA asaMkhyAta hai; jabaki jainoMkI sakhyA isase bar3hakara anantarUpa hai / vuddha yaha mAnate haiM ki yaha lokapravAha sanAtana hai, parantu vaha isa vAtako bhI jainiyoke sAtha 2 svIkAra karate haiM ki una dezokA nAza aura utpAda bhI hotA hai, jiname manuSya rahate haiN| nAzake tarIke ve tIna prakAra batalAte haiM arthAt sakvala sAtavAra to agnise naSTa hote haiM, AThavIMvAra pAnIse aura hara 64vI daphe havAse / unameM isa nAzakramakA vyavahAra kalpopara niyata rakkhA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jisa antarAla kAlame manuSyakI Ayu 10 varSase bar3hate 2 __ eka asaMkhyakI hojAtI hai aura eka asaMkhyase ghaTate 2 dasa varSakI phira raha jAtI hai vaha bauddhoMkA eka antaHkalpa hotA hai / ina 20 antaHkalpokA eka asakhyakalpa hotA hai aura cAra asaMkhya kalpakA eka mahAkalpa hotA hai / jainadharmameM bhI klpakAla mAne gaye hai, parantu unakA pariNAma inase kahIM adhika hai / jainiyone dasa koDAkor3I vyavahAra sAgaropamakAlakA eka avasarpiNIkAla mAnA hai aura vIsa kor3Akor3I vyavahAra sAgaropamakAla-eka utsapiNI aura eka avasarpiNI donoMkA eka kalpakAla mAnA hai| tathApi asakhyAta utsarpiNI va avasarpiNIkA eka mahAkalpakAla mAnA hai| inake vizada vivaraNake lie trilokasAra bRhada jaina . zabdArNava Adi graMtha dekhanA cAhie / yahAM to mAtra sAmAnya digdarzana karAnA hI saMbhava hai / sArAMzataH kalpakAlakA bheda jaina aura bauddha mAnatAme spaSTa hai| agADI bauddhazAstra eka antaHkalpameM 1. Ibrd P. 7

Page #162
146] [ bhagavAna mahAvoraATha yuga batalAte hai, jinameM cAra utsarpiNI aura cAra arpaNI kahalAte hai / unake utsarpiNImeM haravAtakI vRddhi hotI hai-isalie vaha Urddhamukha bhI kahAtI hai aura arpaNIme ghaTatI, isa hetu vaha adhomukha kahI jAtI hai| yahA bhI jaina dharmakA prabhAva dRSTavya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI kalpakAlake do bheda utsarpiNI aura avisarpiNI batalAye haiM / inakA prabhAra bhI vahI batalAyA gayA hai jo bauddhoke utsarpiNI aura appiNI yugokA batalAyA gayA hai / sacamuca nAma aura bhAvakI sAdRzyatA isa bAtakI prakaTa sAbhI hai ki ma. buddhane apane kAlanirNayameM bhI apane prArabhika zraddhAnake dharmajainadharmase bahuta kucha liyA thA / hA, yahA yaha antara vezaka hai ki nA ma0 buddhane utsarpiNI aura apiNI donomeM pratyeka cAra 2 yuga batalAye hai, taba jainazAstrome utsappiNI aura avasappiNI artha kalpomeM pratyekameM che kAla hote likhe hai: arthAta (1) sukhamA-sukhamA, (2) sukhamA, (3) sukhamA-dukhamA, (4) duHkhamA-sukhamA, (6) dukhamA; aura (6) dukhamA-dukhamA / yaha krama avisarTipaNI arthakalpakA hai| utsapiNI ardhakasameM pratyeka padArthakI unnati hotI hai, isaliye usakA pahalA kAla dukhamAduHkhamA hai aura phira isI kramase anyakAla samajhanA caahiye| bauddhone apane utsapiNIke cAra yuga (1) kali, (2) hApura, (3) tretA, (4).aura kara batalAye hai| eva unake apigIke yugoMkA krama inase baraaksa hai arthAt usame prathama yuga kRta hai aura zeSa bhI isI taraha kramavAra hai| ina yugoke nAma brAhmaNadharmake 7. Ibid.

Page #163
- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 147 samAna haiM / isataraha yaha anumAna kiyA jAsaktA hai ki yahAM bhI buddhane apanese prAcIna dharma jaina aura brAhmaNase ucita sahAyatA grahaNa kI thii| aba pAThakagaNa, jarA Aie ma0 buddhake batAye huye lokapralayakA bhI kiJcit digdarzana karaleM / kahA gayA hai ki eka kalpake prAraMbha meM varSA hotI hai - ise 'sampattikara - mahA-megha' kahate haiM / yaha una sarva vyaktiyoMke samUharUpa puNyake balase utpanna hotA hai, jo brahmalokoM aura bAhirI sakkaloM meM rahate haiM / pahale bUdeM osakI taraha choTI 2 hotIM haiM, parantu ve dhIre 2 bar3hate huye khajUrake per3a itanI baDI hojAtIM haiM / vaha saba sthAna jahAM pahaleke 'kailalakSa' loka agnise naSTa ho cuke haiM, aba tAje pAnIse bhara jAte haiM / yaha dhyAna rahe ki bauddhajana pahale sAtavAra agnidvArA manuSyalokA nAza honA mAnate haiM / isI taraha ipa kalpanAke prAraMbha meM yahAM agnidvArA nAza huA thaa| naSTa huye sthAna jahAM jalase bhare ki yaha varSA banda huI / varSAke banda honepara eka havA calatI hai, jisase bharA huA pAnI prAya sUkha jAtA hai; kevala samudroke lAyaka hI pAnI raha jAtA hai / isake dIrghakAla uparAnta yahA zekhara (indra) kA mahala prakaTa hotA hai, jo sarva prathama racanA hotI hai / mahalake bAda nIce brahmaloka aura devalokakI sRSTi hojAtI hai / indra isI samaya Akara kamalapuSpoM ko dekhate hai / yadi kamalapuSpa huye to jAna liyA jAtA hai ki isa kalameM buddha hoge / buddhoMke vastra, kamaNDala Ade bhI yahIM utpanna honAne haiM / indra pRthvIkA aMdhakAra meTakara ina vastrAdiko uThA le jAtA hai / pahale lokake nAza "

Page #164
- 148] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrahote samaya yahAke puNyAtmA jIva abhassara brahmalokameM janma le lete hai / vahI yahAM phira basate haiN| unakA janma chAyArUpa (Appatitional) hotA hai / isaliye unake zarIrameM devalokake katipaya lakSaNa yahAM bhI zeSa raha jAte hai / unheM bhojanakI AvazyaktA prAyaH nahIM paDatI, ve AkAzame uDa sakte hai| unake zarIrakI prabhA itanI vizada hotI hai ki usa samaya sUrya aura caMdramAkI AvazyaktA hI nahIM hotI hai / isa hetu vahA RtuyeM bhI nahIM hotI hai / aura na dinarAtakA bheda hotA hai / tathApi una logomeM liGgabheda bhI nahIM batalAyA gayA hai| kaI yugo taka yaha brahmalokake vAsI Anandase isItaraha yahA~ rahate hai| uparAnta pRthvIpara eka aisA padArtha ugatA dikhAI par3atA hai jaise dUdhapara malAI par3atI hai| eka brahma use uThAkara cATa letA hai / isake svAdakI cATa sabako par3a jAtI hai aura yaha adhika 2 khAyA jAtA hai / basa isahIke badaulata yaha brahmaloga apanI vizuddhatA gaMvA dete hai; jisase inake zarIrakI prabhA manda par3a jAtI hai| isapara sUrya-candra Adi prakAza denevAle padArthoMkA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| inakI utpatti bhI ve milakara apane puNyavalake prabhAvase kara lete hai / vauddha dharmameM nAza aura utpatti vyaktiyoke pApa aura puNyavalake kAraNa hote vatalAye gaye hai / isataraha sUrya-candradvArA kiye gaye dina rAtake bhedameM rahate hue aura pRthvIkA padArtha khAte huye ina logoke zarIroMkI tvacA kar3I par3a jAtI hai, jisase kisIkA raMga kAlA aura kisIkA jarA svaccha rahatA hai| isapara yaha ApasameM mAna-ghamaMDa karake lar3ate hai| pariNAmataH vaha padArtha

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [149 lupta hojAtA hai aura eka tarahakA makkhana-mizrI-mizrita padArtha siraja jAtA hai / isapara bhI laDAI hotI hai| Akhira latAdi utpanna hote 2 cAMvala utpanna hote haiM jinako khAnese ina logoke zarIra Ajakalake manuSyoM jaise hote haiM, jisase kaSAya aura viSayavAsanAyeM Akara satAne lagatI haiN| isapara vaha brahmaloga jo pavitratAse rahate haiM apane una sAthiyoMko nikAla bAhara kara dete haiM jo viSayavAsanAke vazIbhUta hokara pavitratAse hAtha dho baiThate haiN| yaha bahiSkRta brahmaloga alaga jAkara ekAntameM makAna banAkara rahane lagate haiN| yahAM rahakara ve Alasyake prere kaI dinake liye ikaTThe cAvala le Ane lagate haiM / isapara cAvala dhAnarUpameM palaTa jAte haiM aura jahAMse eka daphe ve kATe gaye vahAM phira ve nahI ugane lagate haiM / isa durbhAgyase unhoMko ApasameM khetoMko bAMTa lenA par3atA hai; kintu katipaya brahma apane bhAgase saMtuSTa nahIM hote haiM / so ve dUsaroMke bhAgameMse dhAna curAne lagate haiM / isapara eka niyaMtraNakI AvazyaktA utpanna hotI hai jisake anusAra saba brahma ekatrita hokara apanemese ekako apanA saradAra cuna lete haiN| yaha 'sammata' kahalAtA hai / vaha khetoMpara adhikArI honeke kAraNa hI 'khattiyo' yA kSatriya nAmase prasiddha hotA hai / usakI saMtAna bhI isI nAmase vikhyAt huI / aura isa taraha rAjyavaMza athavA kSatriya varNakI utpatti hojAtI hai / una brahmoMmeM katipaya aise bhI hote haiM jo badamAzoMkI badamAzI dekhakara apaneko saMyamameM rakhanekA abhyAsa karane lagate haiM / isa abhyAsake kAraNa ve brAhmaNa kahalAte haiM aura isaprakAra brAhmaNa varNakI sRSTi ho jAtI hai| unameM aise bhI

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150] [bhagavAna mahAvIra brahma hote haiM jo zilpAdi kalAomeM nipuNa hote haiM aura isa nipuNatAse ve sampatti ekatrita karate haiM / yahI loga vaizya nAmase pragaTa hote haiM / antataH aise bhI nIca pratike brahma haiM jo AkheTa khelate haiN| isaliye ve luddayA sudda kahalAne lagate haiM / isaprakAra prAkRta cAra varNa utpanna ho jAte hai| yadyapi mUlameM vaha eka hI jAti brahmarUpa hote haiN| inhIMmese jo gRha tyAgakara jaMgalakA vAsa gRhaNa karate haiM, ve zramaNa kahalAte haiM / isataraha saMsAra-pravAha cala jAtA hai| uparAnta niyata samayame punaH agnidvArA pRthvIkA nAza hotA hai aura isI DhaMgase sRSTi hotI hai| isItaraha niyata samayameM agni, jala aura vAyuse nAza niyamAnusAra hotA rahatA hai; jisakA vizada vivaraNa bauddha grantho athavA Manual of Buddhismse jAnanA caahiye| isaprakAra ma0 buddhane isa pRthvIkA nAza aura utpAdakrama batalAyA thaa| isameM bhI jaina sahazatA bahuta kucha dRSTi par3a rahI hai| jainazAstromeM kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka avasarpiNI antima kAlake anta samayameM (bharata aura airAvata kSetroMmeM hI) pAnI saba sukha jAtA hai-zarIrakI bhAti naSTa ho jAtA hai| isa samaya saba prANiyoMkA pralaya ho jAtA hai| kevala thoDese jIva gaMgA, siMdhu aura vijayAI parvatakI vedikApara vizrAma pAte hai| yaha loga machalI, meDhaka Adi khAkara rahate haiM / tathApi anya durAcArI jIva choTe 2 viloMme ghusa jAte hai / sAtha hI yaha dhyAna rahe ki jainadharma aura agnikA lopa pAcave hI kAlameM ho cuktA hai| tadanaMtara sAta dinataka agnikI varSA, sAta dinataka gIta jalakI, sAta dinataka sAre pAnIkI, sAta dinataka vipakI, sAta dinataka dussaha agnikI,

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aura ma0 buddha ] [ 151 sAta dinataka dhUlikI aura phira sAta dinataka dhUmakI varSA hotIM hai / isake bAda pRthivIkA viSamapanA saba naSTa ho jAtA hai aura citrA pRthvI nikala AtI hai / yahI avasarpiNIke antima kAlakA anta ho jAtA hai / aura utsarpiNIkA prathama ati duHkhamA kAla calatA hai, jisameM prajAkI vRddhi hone lagatI hai / isake prArambhameM kSIra jAtike megha sAta sAta dinataka rAtadina barAvara jala aura dUdhakI varSA karate hai jisase pRthvIkA rUkhApana naSTa ho jAtA hai / isIse yaha pRthvI anukramase varNAdi guNoMko prApta hotI hai| isake bAda amRta jAtike megha sAta dinataka amRtakI varSA karate hai jisase auSadhiyAM, vRkSa, paudhe aura ghAsa Adi pahale avisarpiNIke samAna niraMtara hone lagate hai / tadanaMtara rasAdika jAtike bAdala rasakI varSA karate hai jisase saba cIjoMmeM rasa utpanna hotA hai / utsarpiNI kAlameM sabase pahale jo manuSya ciloMmeM ghusa jAte hai ve nikalakara usa rasake saMyogase jIvita rahane lagate hai / jyo jyo kAla vItatA jAtA hai tyo 2 zarIrakI UMcAI, Ayu Adi jina 2 cIjoMkI pahale avisarpiNI meM kamI hotI jAtI thI una sabakI vRddhi hotI hai / uparAnta dUsare kAlameM solaha kulakara hote hai / inake dvArA kramakara dhAnyAdi aura lajjA, maitrI Adi guNoMkI vRddhi hotI hai / loga agnimeM pakAkara bhojana karate haiM / dUsareke bAda tIsare kAlameM bhI logoMke zarIra Adi vRddhiko prApta hote hai / isa samaya 24 tIrthaMkara Adi mahApuruSa janma lete haiM / aura prathama tIrthaMkara dvArA karmakSetrakI sRSTi hotI hai / phira cauthe kAlameM zarIra, Ayu AdimeM aura vRddhi hotI hai aura usake thor3e hI varSa bAda vahAM jaghanya

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152 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra bhogabhUmikI sthiti ho jAtI hai| isItaraha pAMcave kAlameM bhI madhyama bhoga kI sRSTi hotI hai aura chaTTe kAlameM uttama bhogabhUmikI sthiti rahatI hai / isake sAtha hI utsarpiNI kAlakA anta aura avasarpiNIkA prArambha ho jAtA hai / jisake prArambhake sAtha hI avanati krama cAlU hotA hai / hama jisa kAlameM raha rahe haiM yaha avasarpiNIkA pAMcavA kAla hai / isake prArambhake tIna kAloM meM yahAM bhogabhUmi thI / bhogabhUmimeM yugala dampati janma lekara Anandase jIvana vyatIta karate the / kalpavRkSose unako bhogopabhogakI saba sAmigrI prApta hotI thI / sUrya candra nahIM the / mAtA-pitA Adi rizte pracalita nahIM the / yahAse marakara jIva niyamase devagatiko prApta hote the / antata' tIsare kAlake anta hone ke kucha pahile 16 kulakara utpanna huye the; jinake samaya meM jisa 2 bAtakI takalIpha logoM ko huI usakI unhoMne vyavasthA kI, kyoki kramakara kalpavRkSa to hrAsako prApta hote jArahe the / inakA vizada vivaraNa hamAre "saMkSipta jaina itihAsa " athavA anya jaina grathomeM dekhanA caahiye| Akhira cauthe kAlake prArambhase kiJcit pahale hI prathama tIrthakara RSabhadevajIkA janma hogayA thA | inhI dvArA karmabhUmikA prAdurbhAva huA / 1 janatAko asi, masi, kRpi Adi karma inhone hI batalAye / isI samaya cAra varNokI sthApanA hogaI / jinhoMne janatAkI rakSAkA bhAra liyA ve kSatrI huye aura jo vyavasAya va zilpameM vyasta huye ve vaizya kahalAye aura dasyukarma karanevAle zUdravarNake huye / brAhmaNavarNakI sthApanA uparAnta samrAT bharata dvArA vratI zrAvakoM meM se huI / isataraha karmabhUmikA zrIgaNeza huA / uparAnta samayAnusAra hara

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-aura ma0 vuddha] [153 bAtakI avanati cAlU rahI aura samayAnusAra tIrthakara bhagavAna evaM anya mahApuruSa hote rahe / phira bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAbhase kucha mahIne bAdase hI yaha paMcamakAla prAraMbha hogayA thaa| isameM bhI zAsakrama cAlU hai| isake antameM hI jaina dharma aura agnikA lopa hojAyagA / aura phira jo hogA vaha utsappiNIkAlake varNanameM batalAyA jAcukA hai| isataraha yaha kalpakAla hai / yahI vidhi sarvathA cAlU rahegI / ma0 buddhake kAlakrama aura isameM kiMcit sadRzatA hai / vAhya rekhAyeM eka samAna hai, yadyapi mUlameM antara vizeSa hai / astuH yaha bheda to jAna liyA, parantu bhagavAna mahAvIrake matAnusAra lokakA svarUpa to abhI taka nahIM jAna paayaa| ataeva Aiye pAThakagaNa, aba yahApara yaha dekhaleM ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane lokake viSayameM kyA kahA thA ? ___bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI asaMkhyAt dvIpa samudra batalAye the, parantu usa sabake liye svarga-narka Adi unhoMne eka hI batalAye the unake anusAra vaha loka tIna bhAgomeM vibhAjita hai aura use tIna prakArakI vAyuse veSTita batalAyA gayA hai| yaha tIna bhAga Urca, madhya aura adholoka kahe gaye haiN| ____ adholokake sarva antima bhAgameM 'nigoda' hai / yaha vaha sthAna hai jisameM nigoda jIva rahate haiM / yaha nigoda jIva ekendrInIvase bhI hIna avasthAmeM haiM aura ananta haiN| yahAM sparzana indrI bhI pUrNa vyakta nahI hai / jIva samudAya rUpameM ikaTThe eka zarIrameM rahate haiM / inakI Ayu bhI atyalpa hai| ve eka zvAsameM 18 vAra janmate

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154 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvAra marate haiM / isa nigodameM se hamezA niyamAnusAra jIva nikalate rahate hai aura ve usa kamIko pUrI kara dete hai jo jIvoke mukta hojAnese hotI hai / isataraha yaha jIvarAzi kabhI nibaTatI nahI / yUMhI anAdinidhana hai / jIva trasa nADIme bhramaNa karate haiM / jainoke tIna lokake nakaze meM batAye huye 'madhyaloka' meM hI ve saba sasAra kSetra hai jinakA ullekha hama Upara kara cuke hai| aura isake 'Urdhva' aura 'agho' lokame kramaza. svarga aura narka avasthita haiM / buddhane bhI lokako tIna 'avacAro' (Regions) meM athavA 'dhAtuoM' meM vibhakta batalAyA hai: (1) kAma dhAtu (2) rUpa dhAtu aura (3) arUpa dhAtu / ' yahAM bhI jaina siddhAntakI sAdRzyatA dRSTi paDatI hai / isake atirikta, bauddha zAstromeM narkagatike aura narkoM ke jo varNana, pIr3AyeM, vaitaranI nadI, ise duggati batalAnA, pretoM- asurokA sthAna, ityAdi jaina dharmake anusAra batAye haiM / " kintu itanepara bhI buddhadevane narka utane nahIM batalAye hai jitane jaina dharma meM svIkRta haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne narka sAta batAye hai aura unakI pRthviyoMke nAma yo kahe hai: (1) ratnaprabhA - Aloka isakA ratna kaisA hai aura yaha garma hai / / (2) zarkarAprabhA -,, (3) vAlukAprabhA," (4) paGkaprabhA - " (5) dhUmaprabhA - " "" "7 " zakara reta paGka dhuyeM "" "7 33 99 37 "" "" "" 37 "" 37 "} 1 I "" "" "" "" "" kevala 3 lAkha paTaloMmeM- zeSa ThaDA hai / 1. hevansa enDa helsa ina buddhisTa parsapekiva pRSTa 83. 2. pUrva pRSTa 92se jaina mAnatAkI tulanA karo. tatvArthasUtra a0 3

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [155 (6) tamaprabhA- , , aMdhakAra , aura sarda hai| (7) mahAtamaprabhA-, , ghora aMdhakAra , , , ina sabameM bhinnara saMkhyAme 84 lAkha bar3e vile haiM, jinameM nArakI janma lete haiN| ___ ma0 buddhane sAmAnyatayA 8 narka batalAye the; yadyapi inake atirikta vaha aura bahutase choTe narka batalAte the| zAyada vaha inhI AThake antarbhAga hoN| ye ATha isaprakAra batAe gae haiM: (1) sajjIva, (2) kAlasUtra, (3) saghAta, (4) raurava, (1) mahAraurava, (6) tApana, (7) pratApana aura (8) aviicii| uttarIya vauddhokI prAcIna mAnatAmeM itane hI ThaDe narka bhI the| isataraha bauddhoke narka sambandhI vivaraNameM bahutasI bAteM jaina dharmase milatI julatI hai / vAstavame jaina dharmase bauddha dharmakI jo sAdRzyatA vizeSa milatI hai vaha ma0 buddhake prArabhika jaina vizvAsake kAraNa hI samajhanA caahie|m0 vuddhane eka mAdhyamikake tarIke usa samaya pracalita prakhyAt matoMmase kucha na kucha avazya hI grahaNa kiyA thA / brAhmaNoMke svarga-narka siddhAntoMse bhI kicit sahazatA bauddha mAnyatAkI baiThatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sarva prakArake vizvAsoMvAle vividha pantha anuyAyiyoko apane dharmameM lAneke liye ma0 buddhane isaprakAra kriyA kI thI, jisake samakSa unhone apane siddhAntokI vaijJAnikatA aura aucityapara bhI dhyAna nahIM diyA! kintu isa ora unake dharmakI vizeSa sahazatA jainadharmase vaiThatI hai, jo ThIka bhI hai, kyoMki hama dekha cuke haiM, 1. hevanma eNDa helsa ina buddhisTa paraspekina pRSTa 64. . '

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- 156] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraki jaina dharmakA prabhAva unake jIvanapara kisa adhikatAse par3A thaa| donoM matomeM vyavahRta zabda bhI jaise AcArya, upAdhyAya, Azrava, saMvara, gaMdhakuTI, zAsana Adi prAyaH ekase haiM, yadyapi yaha bauddha dharmameM bahuta karake apane zAbdika bhAvako kho baiThe haiN| ___noMke vivaraNakI taraha svargalokake vivaraNakA bhI kiMcita sAmaJjasya jaina mAnatAse vaiTha jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane cAra prakArake deva vatalAye the, (1) bhavanavAsI (2) vyantara (3) jyotiSka (4) aura vaimAnika / ina pratyekake dasa dareM haiM; indra, sAmAnika trAyaviza, pAripada, AtmarakSaka, lokapAla, anIka, prakIrNaka, abhiyogya, aura kilviSaka / bauddhoMke yahA bhI prathama prakArake deva 'bhummadeva' ke nAmase jJAta haiN| dUsare prakArake preta, asura Adi hai| tIsare prakArake sUrya, cadra, Adi batalAye the aura antima prakArake deva vaha samajhanA cAhiye jo kAmazvaraloka Adike vimAnoMme milate haiN| inameM antima prakA* rake deva hI svargalokameM vimAnomeM rahate hai| jainasiddhAntameM vatalAyA gayA hai ki yaha vimAna meruparvatake tanika antarase hI tarAjUke palaDokI taraha do 2 Upara 2 avasthita hai / yaha kula 16 hai / inake kAra graiveyaka, anudiza, anuttara aura sarvArthasindi vimAna hai / ina greveyakADhike nivAsI deva saba puruSaliGga hI hai aura kAmavAsanAse rahita haiM / yaha ahamindra kahalAte 1 caudoM yahA bhI yahI krama kucha 2 miTatA hai| unake yahAM 'prAyaviza' na mA eka alaga hI svarga 6. 2. de. he. 60 bu0 50 pRSTa 7.3 pUrva pRSTha 43. 4. pRSTa 31.5 pUre praSTa 20

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-aura ma0 buddha [157 haiN| buddhane jo rUpalokake svarga batAye the, vaha bhI isa hI prakArake haiN| jainasiddhAntake laukAntika deva jo 5 ve svargake sarvopari bhAgameM avasthita brahmalokameM rahate haiM aura jo Atmonnati vizeSa kara cuke hai ki dUsare bhavase hI mokSalAbha kareMge, vaha bhI bauddhoke brahmalokake devoke samAna haiM / bauddha kahate haiM ki yaha deva brahmalokame vizeSa dhyAna karaneke uparAnta pahuMcate haiN| kintu itanI sadRzatA honepara bhI bauddhone jitane svarga batAye hai utane jainasiddhAntameM svIkRta nahIM hai; yadyapi eka sthAnapara unake yahAM bhI 16 hI batAye gaye hai / sacamuca bauddhazAstrome inakI koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM milatI hai ve sAta, ATha, solaha aura sattaraha bhI batAye gaye hai| kintu itanepara bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki bauddhoke svarga vivaraNameM bhI jainadharmakI chApa lagI dRSTigata hotI hai| yahAMpara unakA tulanAtmaka pUrNa vivecana karanA kaThina hai| yadyapi yaha spaSTa hai ki antataH bauddha aura jaina donoM hI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki svargalokameM vahI jIva janmate hai jo vizeSa puNya upArjana karate hai / AtmavAda parokSarUpameM ma0 buddhako bhI aspaSTarUpase svIkAra karanA par3A thA, yaha hama dekha cuke haiN| jainasiddhAntameM svargalokase mokSalAbha karanA asabhava batalAyA hai; bauddha devoMdvArA nirvANalAma mAnate hai / kiMtu yaha vAta donoM hI mAnate hai ki devoMmeM vikriyA zakti hai aura heyase heya avasthAkA jIva svarga sukhakA adhikArI ho saktA hai| jainazAstromeM kathA pracalita hai ki jaba rAjA zreNika bhagavAna mahA 1. hevensa eNDa helsa ina buddhisTa parsapakTiva pRSTha 80...2 pUrva pRSTha 2 3. pUrva pRSTha 34.

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158] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra vIrakI vandanAko vipulAcala parvatako jA rahe the, taba eka meMDhakake mI bhAva bhaktise bhara gae the aura vaha bhI bhagavAnake samozaraNakI ora pUjya bhAvoMkA bharA huA jA rahA thA ki mArgameM rAjAke hAthIke parase dabakara mara gayA aura isa puNyabhAvase vaha deva huaa| cauddhoMke yahAM bhI eka aisI hI kathA "vizuddhi mAgga" nAmaka graMtha meM kahI gaI hai|' phira donoM hI mata yaha mAnate haiM ki devagatimeM bhI devagaNa apane zubhAzubha pariNAmoMke anusAra sukhadukhakA anubhava karate haiM, kintu donoMmeM aise bhI deva mAne gaye haiM jo mohake aMbhAvameM duHkhakA anubhava karate hI nahIM hai tathApi donoMhI dharmoMme devoMke maraNa samayakA varNana bhI prAyaH ekasA hai| bauddha zAstra kahate haiM ki svargase caya honeke kucha hI pahile usa devake (1) vastra apanI svacchatA kho baiThate haiM, (2) mAlAyeM aura usake anya alakAra murajhAne lagate haiM, (3) zarIrase osakI tarahakA pasInA nikalane lagatA hai, (4) aura mahala jisameM usakA nivAsa hotA hai vaha apanI sundaratA gavA detA hai| ( Manual of Buddhism p 141) jainazAstromeM bhI maraNake chai mahIne pahilese mAlA murajhAnekA ullekha milatA hai| sAtha hI jainasiddhAntame devoke ava. dhijJAnakA honA mAnA gayA hai, parantu bauddhoMke yaha svIkRta nahIM hai| isaprakAra ina ukta gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatI huI saMsArA Agaye dukha aura pIDAko bhuganatI haiN| kintu bhagavAna kahate haiM ki jo satyakI upAsanA karate hai aura svadhyAnameM lavalIna rahate hai ve bhedavijJAna ( Discrimuating sight) ko pAjAta ha 1. pUrva pRSTha 19.

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-- - - -aura ma0 buddha .[159 aura bhedavijJAna nahAM ekavAra prApta huA ki vahAM phira samyak mArgameM divasa prati divasa unnati karate jAnA avazyambhAvI hai| jainAcArya zrI pUjyapAda svAmI kahate haiM 'gurUpadezAdabhyAsAtsaMvitteH svpraaNtrN| jAnAti yaH sa jAnAti mokSasaukhyaM niraMtaram // 33 // bhAvArtha-jisane AtmA aura pudgalake svarUpako jAnakara bhedavijJAna prApta karaliyA hai cAhe vaha gurUkI kapAse prApta kiyA ho athavA vastuoMke svabhAva para bAramvAra dhyAna karanese yA Abhyantarika Atmadarzaname pAyA ho-vaha AtmA mokSa sukhakA upabhoga sadaiva karatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane saMsArajAlase chUTakara mokSalAma karanekA mArga samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra kara sayukta batalAyA thaa| vyavahAra dRSTise samyagdarzana pUrvollikhita jaina tatvomeM zraddhAna karanA hai| inhIM tatvoMkA pUrNa jJAna samyagjJAna hai / aura jainazAstrameM batAye huye AcAra niyamokA pAlana karanA samyagcAritra hai| kintu nizcaya dRSTi se yaha tInoM kramazaH AtmAkA zraddhAn, jJAna aura svarUpakI prApti hai| sacamuca nizcaya samyakcAritra sivAya AtmasamAdhike aura kucha nahIM hai / vyavahAradRSTi nizcayakA nimitta kAraNa samajhanA caahiye| vyavahAra samyagcAritra do prakArakA hai:-(1) ekadeza gRhasthoke liye aura (2) pUrNa jo sAkSAt mokSakA kAraNa hai sAdhuoMka liye / gRhastha samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAnako dhAraNa karatA huA ahisA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraise samyagcAritrakA abhyAsa prArambha karatA hai / yadyapi isase nIce darnekA gRhastha mAtra

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16.] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrazraddhAnI madya, mAMsa, madhu aura pAMca udumbara phaloMkA hI tyAgI hotA hai / aura sabase nIce darnekA vyakti korI zraddhAnI hotA hai / parantu ukta paMcaaNuvratoke pAlanase vaha vratI gRhastha athavA zrAvaka samyagcAritrake mArga meM kramazaH unnati karanA prArambha karatA hai| isa unnatikramakA vidhAna, bhagavAnane 11 pratimAome kiyA hai| ina 11 pratimAokA abhyAsa karake vaha sAdhuke vratoko pAlana karanekA adhikArI hotA hai / ina pratimAoMse bhAva, vyaktivizeSakI AtmAne pUrva pratimAse jo unnati kI hai usako vyakta karanA hai| iname vividha prakArake vrata jaise guNavrata, zikSAvrata, sAmAyika, proSadha ityAdi garbhita hai / ina pratimAoMko pUrNa karake vaha sAdhuoMke mahAvratokA abhyAsI hotA hai| isa avasthAme vaha ukta vratoko pUrNarUpame pAlatA hai| ___ Atma-samAdhikI prAptike liye gRhastho aura sAdhuoke liye nityake chai Avazyaka kartavya batalAye gae haiM / sAdhuoMke liye vaha isa prakAra hai| 1. vIroMke zAnomeM bhI jaina zrAvakake isa vratA ullekha hai arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayase abataka yaha prata avicchanna rUpameM yo hI cale Arahe hai / dekho aguttaranikAya 315013. 2. propadha niyamakA ullesa codoke ukta zAnameM isa prazara hai-'popadha ke divasa ve (niganya jenI) eka kase kahate hai bhAI, bhara tuma apane saba basa utArakara eka aura rasa do aura kaho 'na ko hamAga hai aura na hama kisIke hai| yaha bhI jaina vivaraName prAyaH milatA hai| nagnAvasthAmeM proSaSa karanekA mI usa ara pAtoM meM hai| (dayo sAgAradharmAmRta pRSTha 421) /

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-aura ma0 vuddha] [ 161 'samadA thavo ya vaMdaNa pADikkamaNa taheva NAdavvaM / paJcakkhANa visaggo karaNIyAvAsayA chappi // 22 // arthAt-(1) samatA-sarvake prati-sabameM samatA bhAva rakhanA, (2) stava-tIrthakara bhagavAnakA stavana karanA, (3) vandanA-devazAstra gurukI vaMdanA karanA, (4) pratikramaNa-kRtapApokI AlocanA karanA, (6) pratyAkhyAna amukara padArthoke tyAga karanekA niyama karanA aura (6) vyutsarga-apanI dehase mamatA haTAkara use tapazcaryA meM lagAnA / isa prakAra sAdhuke liye yaha nityapratike 'SaDAvazyaka' vatAye gaye hai| zrAvakake liye bhI chai bAtokA rojAnA karanA lAjamI batalAyA gayA hai| jaise ki AcArya kahate haiM: " devapUjAgurUpAstiH svAdhyAyaH sNymstpH| dAnaJceti gRhasthANAM SaTkarmANi dinedine // " padmanaMdipacaviMzatikA / arthAt-(1) jina bhagavAnakI pUjA karanA, unake guNoMko smaraNa karake / jina pratimAyeM dhyAnAkAra hotI hai jisase ve pujArIke hRdayapara AtmabhAvako akita karanemeM sahAyaka hai / (2) gurujaganirgranthamuni aura sAdhunanakI upAsanA karanA aura unakI zikSAoko grahaNa karanA / (3) saMyamakA abhyAsa karanA jisase mana aura iMdriyopara adhikAra rahe, jaise niyama karanA ki mai Aja nATaka dekhane nahIM jAUMgA, kevala dovAra hI bhojana karUgA, itara phulela nahIM lagAUgA ityAdi / yaha sAdhAraNa niyama hai, parantu AtmonatimeM sahAyaka hai| (4) svAdhyAya-zAstroMkA adhyayana, adhyApana aura manana karanA / ( 5 ) sAmAyika arthAt ekAnta sthAnameM 11

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1.62 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra prAta: aura sAyaMkAlako baiThakara athavA kevala prAtaHko baiThakara eka niyata samaya taka tIrthaGkara bhagavAnake paramasvarUpakA athavA AtmaguNokA cintavana aura dhyAna karanA / isase Atmazakti -bar3hatI hai aura samatAbhAvakI prApti hotI hai / (6) dAna - AhAra, auSadhi, zAstra aura abhayarUpI dAna saba hI pAtroMko denA cAhiye / ina hai Avazyaka bAtoMko karanese usa AtmadazAkI prApti hotI hai jisameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra sAkSAtarUpa virAjamAna hai| yahI vaha mArga hai jisame karmoMkA kSaya hotA hai aura AtmA vizuddha aura svataMtra hotI jAtI hai / Atmasthitime athavA AtmadhyAnameM unnati karanA guNasthAnakrama batalAyA gayA hai / yaha guNasthAna kula 14 haiM / inakA pUrNa vivaraNa jaina zAstrose dekhanA cAhiye, kintu yahAM yaha jAna lIjiye ki 13 ve guNasthAna meM pahucakara muni cAra ghAtiyA karmoMkA arthAt jJAnAvarNI, darzanAvarNI, mohanIya aura antarAya karmoMko, jo AtmAke svabhAva ke ghAtaka hai, unakA nAza kara detA hai aura ima avasthAmeM kevalajJAna - sarvajJatAko prApta karake arhat sayogakevalI athavA sakala sazarIrI paramAtmA hojAtA hai / yaha jIvita paramAtmA do prakArake hote hai. (1) sAmAnyakevalI aura (2) tIrthaGkara / sAmAnyakevalI svayaM nirvANalAbha karate hai evaM anyoko bhI mokSamArga darzAte hai, parantu unake samavazaraNa AdikI vibhUti nahIM hotI hai| tIrthakaroM ke samavazaraNa hotA hai aura ve vahAse ' tIrtha ' ke bhavyoMko mokSamArgakA sanAtana upadeza dete hai / yaha tIrtha sagha cAra prakArakA hotA hai / (1) muni, (2) AryikA, (3) zrAvaka, (4) zrAvikA / isI catu

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- -aura ma0 buddha ] [163 nikAya saMghako tIrthakara bhagavAna apanI gaMdhakuTIse prAkRtika rUpameM upadeza dete haiM, jisako sabakoI apanI2 bhASAmeM samajha letA hai| zrI nemicandrAcAryanI arhata bhagavAnakA svarUpa yoM batalAte haiM"NahacadughAikammo dasaNamuhaNANavIriya mio| muhadehattho appA muddho ariho viciMtijjo // 50 // " arthAt-arhatu vaha haiM jinhone cAra prakArake ghAtiyA karmoko naSTa kara diyA hai aura jo anantacatuSTaya-anaMtadarzana, anaMtajJAna, anaMtavIrya, anatasukhakara pUrNa haiM, jinakA zarIra apUrva prabhAmaya aura vizuddha hai / vAstavameM ahaMtu bhagavAnake mohanIyAdi karmoke abhAvase bhUkha, pyAsa, bhaya, IrSyA, dveSa, moha, jarA, roga, mRtyu, ___ pIr3A Adi kucha bhI sAdhAraNa mAnuSika kamajoriyAM zeSa nahIM rahatI haiM / isa avasthAmeM ve sAkSAt jIvita paramAtmA hote haiM, unake zarIrakI prabhA bhI isa uccapadake sarvathA upayukta hotI hai / yahI mAlUma hotA hai mAno eka hajAra sUrya ekadama pragaTa hogaye hai| yaha icchAoMse sarvathA rahita aura vilakula vizuddha hote haiN| yaha paMcaparameSTiyoMmeM sarva prathama haiM, jinakI upAsanA Adarzavat jainI karate haiN| ___ ataeva jaba yaha sazarIrI paramAtmA caudahaveM guNasthAnameM pahuMca jAtA hai, taba vaha ayogakevalI-kamparahita pUrNa zuddha AtmA (Non- Vibrating Perfect Soul) hojAtA hai| yaha avasthA una bhagavAnako mokSaprAptise itane alpa samaya pahile prApta hotI hai ki a, i, u, R, la, ina pAMca akSarokA uccAraNa kiyA jAsake / yaha bahuta hI sUkSma samaya hai| isake bAda zarIrako tyAgakara AtmA apane yathArtha svarUpameM sadAke liye tiSTha jAtI hai aura siddha kahAtI

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164] | bhagavAna mahAvIra hai / siddhabhagavAna phira kabhI lauTakara isa saMsArAvasthAmeM nahIM Ate haiN| vaha siddhazilA meM tiSThe apane svAbhAvika AnaMdakA upabhoga sadA karate rahate haiM / siddhabhagavAna eka pUjanIya paramAtmA haiM, jinakA yadyapi saMsArase sambandha kucha bhI nahIM hai, to bhI unakA citavana zubha bhAvo aura AtmadhyAnake liye eka sAdhana hai| AcArya kahate hai:" NaTTakammadeho loyAloyassa jANao daTThA / purisAyAro appA siddho jjhAeha loyasiharattho // 21 // " bhAvArtha - " naSTa kara diye hai aSTakarma dehase jisane lokAlokakA jAnanevAlA aura dekhanevAlA deharahita puruSake AkAra lokake agrabhAgame sthita aisA AtmA siddha parameSThI hai so nitya hI dhyAyA jAve arthAt smaraNa karane yogya hai / " astu, isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrane samAra sAgarame rulatI huI AtmAoko usase nikalakara saccA svAdhIna sukha pAnekA mArga sujhAyA thA, jo pUrNa svAvalambana kara sayukta hai / sArAMzataH unhoMne batAyA thA ki anAdikAlase karmake kucakrame paDI huI AtmA apanI hI mohajanita mUrkha nAke kAraNa saMsAra me bhaTakatI huI dukha aura pIDAkA anubhava kararahI hai, ataeva jaba vaha apane nijI svabhAvako aura paradravyo ke svarUpako svayaM apane anubhava dvArA athavA guruke upadezase hRdayaGgama karaletI hai taba yaha ratnatrayarUpI mokSamArgakA anusaraNa karanA prArambha karadetI hai| tathApi dRr3hatApUrvaka usakA abhyAsa kiye jAnese ekadina vaha karmarUpI paratatratAkI beDiyAM kATa DAlatI hai aura svayaM svAdhIna hokara paramAtmAvasthAke paramotkRSTa

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 165 svarAjyakA upabhoga karatI hai / saccA svarAjya yahI hai, isIko pAnekA upadeza bhagavAna mahAvIrane diyA thA / isa hiMsaka jamAne meM sacce bhAratavAsiyoMko isa svarAjyaprAptike mArga meM dRr3hatA se kartavyaparAyaNa ho jAnA parama upAdeya hai / ahiMsA, satya, brahmacarya, acaurya aura aparigrahakA abhyAsa prArambha karanA svayaM unakI AtmA evaM bhAratake hitakA kAraNa hai / ahiMsAmeM gaMbhIratA hai, zauryyatA hai / satyatAmeM dRDhatA hai | jahAM zauryatA aura dRr3hatA prApta huI vahAM lobha kaSAyako tilAJjali dete huye AkAMkSA aura vAJchAko niyamita kiyA jAtA hai aura svAvalambI bananekI tIvra abhilASA apanA jora mArane lagatI hai jisakI preraNAse vaha AtmAbhimukha huA vIra saMyamakA abhyAsI ho jAtA hai aura kramazaH Atmonnati karatA huA pUrNa svAdhInatAko pAletA hai / yahI saccA sukha hai| bhAratIyatAke liye bhagavAna mahAvIrakA upadeza atIva kalyANakArI hai / lokake kalyANakI bhAvanAkA janma usako Adara denese hotA hai / aba jarA Aiye pAThakagaNa, ma0 buddha ke viSaya meM bhI kiJcit aura vicAra karaleM / duHkha aura pIr3A kahAM haiM, kaise haiM aura kisako haiM, yaha hama unake batAye mutAbika pahile dekha cuke haiM / uparAnta unhoMne isa duHkha aura pIr3Ase chUTanekA upAya yo batalAyA thA / " he rAjan ! saba hI ajJAnI vyakti iMdriyasukhameM Ananda mAnate haiM, unhIMkI vAsanApUrti meM sukhI hote haiM, unhIke pIche lage rahate haiN| isalie ve mAnuSika kaSAyoMkI bAr3ameM bahe cale jAte 1 haiM / ve janma, jarA, maraNa, duHkha, zoka, AzA, nirAzA se mukta nahIM haiN| maiM kahatA hUM ve pIDAse mukta nahIM hote haiM, kintu rAjan !

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166 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra - jo jJAnavAna hai, tathAgatoMke anuyAyI haiM, ve na iMdriyavAsanAo meM AnaMda mAnate na unase sukhI hote hai aura na unake pIche lage rahate hai, aura jaba ve unake pIche nahIM lagate haiM to unameM tRSNAkA abhAva ho jAtA hai| tRSNAke abhAvase grahaNa karanA (Grasping) banda hojAtA hai / isake baMda honese bhava dhAraNa karanekA (Becoming) anta ho jAtA hai / aura jaba bhavakA hI nAza ho gayA taba phira janma, jarA, roga, zoka, mRtyu, pIDA Adi saba banda hojAte haiM / isa prakAra isa abhAvakramase (Cessation) pIDAke samudAyakA (Aggregation of Pain ) kA anta ho jAtA hai, basa yahI abhAva nirvANa hai / " ( milindapanha 3 | 4|5 ) yaha pIDAke anta karanekA mArga hai aura prAyaH ThIka hI hai, parantu isakA kriyAtmakarUpa isakA bheda pragaTa kara degA / isa matako pragaTa karate huye bhI ma0 buddhake cAritra niyama nirmAName isako pUrNa Adara nahIM diyA gayA hai| hama agADI yahI dekheNge| bhagavAna mahAcIrane bhI indriyajanita viSayavAsanAose dUra rahanekA upadeza diyA thA, parantu ma 0 buddhakI taraha unakA uddezya 'pUrNa abhAva' nahIM thA / unakA uddezya eka vAstavika padArtha thA jisako pAkara AtmA svAdhIna paramAtmA ho jAtA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake matoMmeM yahI vizeSa dRSTavya antara hai / eka rakase rAva banAnekA mArga hai, dUsarA rakase agADI uThAkara usakA kucha bhI nahIM rakhatA hai / astuH isataraha ma0 buddhakA sarvotkRSTa uddezya pUrNa abhAva (Complete passing away ) thA aura isI uddezyake lie unakA *

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- - - - -aura ma0 cuddha] [167 cAritra niyama nirmita thaa|' isa cAritra niyamameM ATha bAteM garmita thI; arthAt (1) satya dRSTi (Right Viewe), (2) satya uddezya (Right Aspirations), (3) satyavAtoM (Right Speech) (4) satya AcaraNa (Right Conduct), (5) satya jIvana (Right Livlilhood), (6) satya ekAgratA (Right Mindfu___Iness), (7) satya prayAsa ( Right Effect ), (8) aura satya dhyAna avasthA arthAta mAnasika zAMti ( Right Raptune) / ' isa aSTAGga mArga dvArA hI saMsArapravAhase vyaktiko chuTakArA pAkara apane udezyakI prApti hote mAnI gaI hai| kintu yaha aSTAMga mArga phevala bhikSuo aura bhikSuNiyoke liye hai / gRhastha anuyAyiyokI gaNanA bauddha saMghame nahI kI gaI hai / isakA yahI kAraNa hai ki buddhane gRhasthoke liye koI khAsa Atmonnatikrama niyata nahIM kiyA thA, jaisA ki jainadharmameM ( 11 pratimAyeM) hai| sacamuca bauddha bhikSuokA jIvana bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMghake ina vratI zrAvakoMse bhI sarala thaa| buddhakI mAnyatA thI ki muvidhAmaya sukhI sAMsArika jIvana vyatIta karanepara bhI saMsArase mukti mila saktI hai, parantu janadharmameM yaha mdhIsta nahIM hai| vastutaH jabataka saMsArase bilkula hI saMbaMdha nahI tyAga diyA jAyagAtabataka pharmose chuTakArA milanA asaMbhava hai| cau sAdhuoMne suvidhAmaya jIvanakI apekSA hI bauddha saghameM vratI zrAvakoko koI bhI sthAna prApta nahIM thA / hAM, sAmAnya grahastha anuyAyI dukhadevake the,jaise ki jana saghameM saMmilita vratI zrAvakoMka atirikta bhagavAna mahAvIraphe sAdhAraNa zraddhAnI zrAvaka bhIye| antaH mirindana 21.5.2. buTrisTaglioNsaphI pRSTa 115 3 majitamArA 93 1

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168] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrabuddhadevake ukta aSTAMgamArgameM 'sAkyaputtIyasamaNo' ke liye jo cAritraniyama niyata the, vaha saba garbhita haiM / bauddha AcAraniyamoMmeM jo 'zIla' mukhya mAne gaye hai, vaha bhI isIme sammilita haiM / bauddhoke yaha 'zIla' jainoke 12 zIlavato (5 aNuvrata, 3 guNavrata aura 4 zikSAvrata)se sAmAnyataH milate julate pratIta hote haiN| bauddhazAstromeM yaha zIla ATha batalAye gae hai; aura bauddha sAdhuoMke liye inakA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / yaha ATha isa prakAra haiM:-(1) ahisA, (2) acaurya, (3) pApa aura kAmasevanakA tyAga, (4) satya, (5) mAdakavastuokA tyAga, (6) aniyamita samayoM aura rAtriko bhojana karanekA tyAga, (7) nAcane, gAne, itaraphulelake vyavahAra AdikA tyAga, (8) aura jamInapara caTAI vichAkara sonaa|' inameM se pahileke cAra to jainiyoke aNuvratoMke samAna hI dikhate hai, kintu jainiyokA pAcavA aNuvrata bauddhoke pAMcaveM zIlase nitAnta vibhinna aura vizuddha hai| uparoktameM zeSa tIna jo rahe ve jainiyoMke zikSAvratake hI saMkSipta aura vikRta rupAntara hai / yaha sAmaJjasya jAhirA itanA spaSTa hai ki hameM yaha kahanemeM sakoca nahI hai ki ina niyamoMko buddhane jainadharmase grahaNa kiyA thA kiMtu buddhake nikaTa ina niyamokA vAstavika mahatva prAyaH bahuta halkA ho gayA hai| bauddha zAstroMme inake liye jo zabda vyavahRta huye hai, vaha bhI isI bAtake dyotaka haiM / ' dIghanikAya' ( P. T. S. Vol. I. P. 4) meM hisAke lie 'pANAtipAta' 1. hIsa DeviDasakI " buddhijma " pRSTa 138 ina niyamoMmeM prArabhake pAcakA pAlana karanA pauddha gRhasyoMke liye bhI Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai|

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aura ma0 buddha] [ 162 corIke lie 'adinnAdAna' kuzIlake liye 'abrahmacarya' aura 'asatsake liye 'musAbAda' zabda vyavahRta huye haiM / jaina zAstromeM bhI aise hI zabda milate haiM / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki yahAM bhI jaina prabhAva bAkI nahIM hai| phira mahAvagga aura cullavaggameM jo bauddha niyamoMkA nirmANakrama varNita hai vaha hamArI ukta vyAkhyAkI aura bhI puSTi karatA hai / isase jJAta hai ki bauddha niyama ekadama eka sAtha nirmita nahIM hue the| jaise2 jisa bAtakI AvazyaktA paDatI gaI vaise vaise vaha svIkAra kI gii| sAdhuoMko AcArya, upAdhyAya AdimeM vibhAjita karanA jaina dharmameM hI milatA hai tathApi 'vassA' (cAturmAsa) niyama khAsa jainiyoMkA haiN| isI taraha gaMdhakuTI, zAsana, Azrava, saMvara Adi zabda mUlameM jainiyoke hI haiN| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki AcAraniyamoMko niyata karanemeM bhI ma0 buddhane jaina AcAraniyamoMse sahAyatA lI thii| kiMtu isa viSayameM yaha bhUla jAnA ThIka nahIM hai ki yadyapi 10 kovIne jaina sUtroMkI bhUmikAme pragaTa kiyA hai ki jaina aura bauddha donoMne ina niyamoMko brAhmaNa zrotase grahaNa kiyA thaa| kintu isa vyAkhyAkA pramANita honA abhI zeSa hai ki sacamuca jaina dharmakI utpatti brAhmaNa dharmake bAda huI thii| abataka jo kucha bhI zAstrIya aura zilAlekhIya sAkSI prApta huI hai vaha jainadharmakA astitva brAhmaNa dharmake sAtha 2 prakaTa karatI hai / svayaM vedoMmeM jaina tIrthaMkaroMkA nAmollekha hai / tathApi RgvedameM (3 // 3 // 2 // 14) eka yajJadrohI sapadAyake .. rUpameM jainadharmake bhastitvako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / (dekho aMgrejI nagajaTa bhAga 21) tisapara antata: DaoN. jaikovIne jainadharmake prAcInatama astitvako svIkAra kiyA hai / (dekho jaina zvaH kAnphrensa heralDa bhAga 10 pR0 252-253) /

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17.] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrajaina AcAraniyamose bauddha niyamokI itanI sadRzatA hai, parantu bauddha niyama jaina niyamoMke samAna hI vizada aura gaMbhIra nahIM hai| eka vratI zrAvakake pAlana karane yogya aNuvrato jitanA bhI mahattva unakA nahIM hai| isa vyAkhyAkI yAthArthatA dono dharmoke niyamokA tulanAtmaka vivecana karanese svayaM pramANita.ho jAvegI, kintu vistArabhayake kAraNa hama yahAMpara kevala dono dharmoke ahisAniyamako lete haiN| jAhirA isakA bhAva dono dharmomeM eka hai, parantu eka bauddha zramaNa isakA pAlana karate huye bhI mAMsa aura macchIko monanameM grahaNa karanese AgA pIchA nahIM kregaa| isake viparIta eka jaina gRhastha unakA nAma sunanA bhI pasanda nahIM kregaa| yadyapi vaha jaina muniyokI apekSA bahuta nIce danakI ahiMsAkA pAlana karatA hai| bauddha bhikSu svaya to kisI jIvakA badha nahIM karegA, parantu yadi kahI mRta mAMsa mila jAve to usako grahaNa karanemeM saMkoca nahIM kregaa| svayaM ma0 buddhane kaIvAra mAMsabhoja kiyA thaa| vaizAlImeM senApati siMhake yahA jaba mAMsabhojana buddha evaM bauddha sAdhuoko karAyA gayA to jainiyoMne usI samaya isakA prakaTa virodha kiyA, kintu yaha samajhameM nahIM AtA ki jaba vauddha gRhasthoke liye bhI ahisAvrata lAgU hai taba ve kisa taraha cauddha bhikSuoMke liye mAMsa bhojana taiyAra karasakate hai ? parantu bauddhazAstromeM aneka sthaloMpara mAMsa bhojana taiyAra kiye jAnekA ullekha milatA hai aura eka sthalapara 1. mahAvagga 6 / 23 / 2; 252,31, aura 14 2. ratnakaraNDa ApakAcAra / 3. aguttaranikAya-ahakanipAta-sahIsuta 12, mahAparita nivyAnusutta 41418, aMguttaranikAya-pacakanipAta-ugAgahapatimuta. 4. mahAvagga 931. -

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aura ma0 buddha] [ 171 jaba mAMsa bAjArameM nahIM milA to bauddha gRhasthinane svayaM apanI jAMghako kATakara mAMsa bhojana taiyAra karake bauddha saMghako khilAyA thA yaha ullekha hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddhakI ahisA jaina ahiMsAse kitanI heya prakArakI thii| jaina apekSA vaha hisA hI hai| ma0 buddhane kevala prakaTarItise prANI badha karaneko-jaise yajJameM homa kara pazuoMko naSTa karanekA virodha kiyA thaa| sukSma hiMsAkI ora unhone dRSTipAta hI nahIM kiyaa| yaha khayAla hI nahIM kiyA ki mRta mAMsame bhI koTirAzi sUkSma jIvokI utpatti hotI rahatI hai, jaise ki Ajakala vijJAna (Science)se bhI pramANita hai| isa avasthAme bhI mAMsako khAnA spaSTataH hisA karanA hai / isa taraha jaina ahisAkA mahattva prakaTa hai| svaya Adhunika bauddha vidvAna zrI dharmAnaMda kosAmbIkA nimna kathana jaina ahiMsAkI vizeSatAko prakaTa karatA hai| vaha likhate hai ki " ma0 buddhapara yaha Aropa thA ki logoke ghara AmaMtraNa svIkAra karake vaha mAMsa bhojana karate the aura gRhastha loga unake liye prANiyoMkA badha karake vaha mAMsa bhojana taiyAra karate the| jaina zramaNa dUsareke gharakA AmaMtraNa svIkAra nahI krte| yadi khAsa unake liye koI anna taiyAra kiyA gayA ho (udisakaTa) to ve usako niSiddha samajhate the aura ava bhI samajhate hai, kyoki usake taiyAra karanemeM agnike kAraNa thor3I bahuta hiMsA hotI hI hai aura svIkAra karanese zramaNa usa hisAkA mAno anumodana hI karatA hai / ahisAkI yaha vyApaka vyAkhyA buddhabhagacAnako pasaMda nahIM thii| jAnabUjhakara kisI bhI prANIko krUratA 1. Vinaya Texts. - -

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172 [ bhagavAna mahAvIrapUrvaka na mAranA cAhiye, sirpha yahI unakA kahanA thA,"' ataeva ma0 buddhake cAritraniyama jainadharmakai aNuvratoMse bhI samAnatA nahIM karasakte yaha prakaTa hai| vAstavameM nisaprakAra siddhAnta vivecanameM ma0 buddhane vaijJAnikatA aura pUrNatAkA dhyAna nahIM rakkhA vaise hI caritraniyamoke viSayameM dekhane milatA hai| eka Adhunika vidvAn isa viSayameM jo likhate hai vaha dRSTavya hai:___ "parIkSA karanepara yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki bauddhadharmakA sundara AcAra varNana eka kapita nIMvapara sthira hai / hameM vedokI pramANikatAkA niSedha karanA hai, acchI bAta hai / hameM ahiMsA aura tyAgakA pAlana karanA hai, acchI bAta hai| hameM koMke bandhana toDane haiM, acchI bAta hai, parantu sAre saMsArake lie yaha to batAiye hama hai kyA ? hamArA dhyeya kyA hai ? svAbhAvika uddezya kyA hai ? ina samasta praznokA uttara bauddhadharmameM anUThA para bhayAvaha hai, arthAta 'hama nahIM hai| to kyA hama chAyAmeM zrama parizrama kara rahe hai ? aura kyA aMdhakAra hI atima dhyeya hai ? kyoM hame kaThina tyAga 1. purAtatva bhAga 3 4 327. izrI lekhameM baudra lekhakane jana pramoMpara mAsa makSaNakA Aropa karanakA prayatna zve0 granthoke AdhArase kiyA hai, kintu AcArAgasUtrake jisa azako unhoMne peza kiyA hai usakA anuvAda DaoN. jaikoSIne (Jam Sutras I ) meM yaha nahIM kiyA hai jo ina vauddha lekhakane diyA hai / imaliye isa azase bhI yaha mAropa pramANita nahIM hai| phira yadi jana pramANa mAsa bhojana karate hone, to kyA caura inako yoM hI chor3a dene jara ye zAlIma unaza gulA virodha kara rahe the? naya caudra pranyoM me jaina pramozI nirAmipatA pramANita hai| (deso dI jena hoTala maMgajIna bhAga 6 na. 2 pRSTha 8-21 bhora indriyana hisTorIla bAraTanI bhAga 2 aMka 4)

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-aura ma0 buddha] [ 172. karanA hai aura hameM kyo jIvanake sAdhAraNa iMdriyasukhoMkA nirodha karanA cAhie ! kevala isalie ki zokAdi naSTatA aura nitya mauna nikaTatara prApta ho jaaeN| yaha jIvana eka bhrAntavAdakA mata hai aura dUsare zabdomeM uttama nahIM hai / avazya hI aimA AtmAke astitvako na mAnanevAlA vinazvaratAkA mata sarvasAdhAraNake mastiSkako satopita nahIM kara saktA ! bauddhamatakI Azcaryajanaka unnati usake saiddhAtika nazvaravAda (Vahila. ) para nirbhara nahIM thI, balki usake nAmadhArI "madhyamArga" kI tapasyAkI kaThinAIke kama honepara hI thii|"" bauddha dharmame agADI kahA gayA hai ki vaha vyakti jo buddha dharma aura saMghameM khAsakara buddhameM-zraddhA prApta karaletA hai aura mohajanita ajJAnatA (Delusion) ko chor3a detA hai vaha Abhyantarika dRSTi (Inner sight) ko pAkara antata. arhat ho jAtA hai|' buddhane jisa samaya sarva prathama kaunDanyako apane matameM dIkSita kiyA to unhoMne kahA ki 'annAsi vata bho konDaNNo !' arthAta sacamuca konDanyane jAna liyA hai| kyA jAna liyA hai ? vahI mArga nisako buddhane dekhA thA (annAta-Has that which is porceiv-d). isake sAtha vaha arhat kahalAne lgaa| vAstavameM buddhake prAraMbhika ziSya apanI upasampadA grahaNa karaneke sAtha hI 'arhatA --- 1, jainagajaTage mi0 harisatyabhaTTAcArya ema e. Adi bhAga 11 aka 5.2 kI buddhiSTa philAsaphI pRSTa 122. 3 vinaya-TezvaTsa 1 / 88. * kaundanya gotrake kaI sAdhuoMkA ullekha zravaNavelagolake jaina zilAlekhoMmeM hai| isalie ina kaunDanya kuTaputta nAmaka bhikSuko jo hamane pahale jaina muni batalAyA hai vaha ThIka hai| -

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-174 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra kahalAne lage the, jaise ki hama dekha cuke haiN| isa avasthA meM bauddhoMke nikaTa 'arhat' zabda kitane halke artha meM vyavahRta hotA thA, yaha spaSTa hai | sva0 mi0 hI saDeviDsa hamako yahI vizvAsa dilAte haiM ki 'vyaktitvakI ajJAnatAke nAzase jo vijaya prApta hotI hai, vaha gautamabuddhakI dRSTise, isI jIvanameM aura kevala isI jIvana meM prApta karake bhogI jAsaktI hai / yahI bhAva bauddhokI arhatAvasthAse hai / arhat vaha hai jisakA jIvana AMtirika dRSTise pUrNa bana gayA hai, jo ' uttama aSTAMga mArga' kA bahuta kucha abhyAsa kara cukA hai aura jisane bandhanoMko toDa diyA hai evaM jisane cauddha dharmake cAritra niyama aura saMyamakA pUrNata abhyAsa kara liyA hai / " yaha bauddho arhatkA svarUpa hai / jisa samaya vyakti aSTAGgamArgakA pUrA abhyAsa kara letA hai aura dhyAna AdimeM bhI unnati prApta kara cukatA hai, buddha kahate haiM, use Arya jJAnakA prakAza dRSTi paDatA hai / yaha ma0 buddhakA 'nirvANa' hai aura vyaktike maraNa pahile hI yaha prApta hotA hai / " aMtima maraNa 'parinivvAna' hai / 'nivyAna' avasthAmeM AnandakI prApti hotI hai, parantu isake uparAnta vyaktikI kyA dazA hotI hai isapara buddha cupa haiM / yadi kahIM yaha mauna bhana kiyA gayA hai to vahAM spaSTatAkA abhAva hai / kabhI pUrNa nAzakA pratipAdana hai to kabhI kisI yathArtha dazAkA | kintu pUrNa abhAvako hI pradhAnatA prApta hai| parinivvAnameM vyaktikA pUrNa kSaya (khaya) ho jAtA hai / yahI ma0 buddhakA parama uddezya hai / bhaGga / 1. buddhijma: iTsa hisTrI enDa liTarecara pRSTha 1930 20 buddhisTa philAsaphI pRSTha 61. +

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[175 -aura meM buddha 1 prakaTa rItise hama ma0 buddhake batAye hue arhat aura nirvANa padoMkI tulanA jainasiddhAntake kSAyika samyaktva aura arhata padase kramazaH kara sake haiM; kintu yaha tulanA kevala bAhyarUpameM hI hai| mUlame bauddhoMke arhatpadakI samAnatA jainoMke arhatpadase nahIM kI nAsaktI! pratyuta bAhyarUpameM jaina aItAvasthAke samAna ma0 buddhakA nivvAnapada bhI hai jisakA vivaraNa jAhirA jainavivaraNase sahazatA rakhatA hai; yadyapi mUlameM vahAM bhI pUrNa bheda vidyamAna hai| astu, __isa prakAra ma0 buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakA upadeza varNana hai aura yahA bhI donomeM pUrApurA antara maujUda hai| bhagavAna mahAcIrakA divyopadeza eka sarvajJa paramAtmAke tarIke bilkula spaSTa, pUrNa aura vyavasthita, vaijJAnika DhaMgakA pramANita hotA hai| ma0 buddhakA upadeza tatkAlIna parasthitiko sudhAranekI dRSTise huA pratIta hotA hai aura usameM prAyaH spaSTatAkA abhAva dekhaneko milatA hai| vAstavame na ma0 buddhako hI apane upadezakI saiddhAMtikatAkI ora dhyAna thA aura na unake anuyAyiyoMko / unake upadezakI mAnyatA jo itanI vizada huI thI usameM unakA prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kAraNa thA ! unake nikaTa pahuMcakara vyakti mohanamaMtrakI taraha mugdha ho jAtA thA aura use unake dharmake aucitvako jAnanekI khabara hI nahIM rahatI thii| isI vAtako lakSya karake unakA upadeza bhI vividha mAnyatAoMko liye huye thaa| pratyeka matake anuyAyIko apanA bhakta banAneke liye ma0 buddhane apane siddhAMtoMko 1 buddhiSTa philAmakI pRSTa 14-15 aura ke0 je0 saoNnDarsa gautamabuddha pRSTa 7.

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278] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrayahI pavitratAkA mArga hai / " (20277 ) bhagavAna mahAvIrake syAdvAda siddhAntameM inakA upadeza ekAMta dRSTise nahIM diyA gayA hai / usakA zraddhAnI spaSTa prakaTa karatA hai kiH"ekaH sadA zApatiko mamAtmA, vinirmalaH saadhigmkhbhaavH| vahibhavAH sansapare samastA, na shaashvtaaHkrmbhvaaHsvkiiyaa||26 saamaayikpaatth||' __ arthAt-'merA AtmA apane svabhAvameM sadeva eka hai, nitya hai, vizuddha hai aura sarvajJa hai| zeSa jo hai ve saba merese bAhira haiM, anitya hai aura karmake hI pariNAma rUpa haiM / isIlie:'saMyogato duHkhamanekabhedaM, yato'znute janmavane shriirii| tatanidhAsau parivarjanIyo, yiyAsunAnitimAtmanInAm / / 28 arthAta'zarIrake sayogameM par3A huA yaha AtmA vividha prakArake duHkhokA anubhava karatA hai / isaliye jinheM apanI AtmAkI mukti vAchanIya hai unheM isa zArIrika sambandhakomana, vacana, kAyakI apekSA tyAganA caahiye| isataraha syAdvAdakI apekSA vastukA yathArtharUpa prakaTa honAtA hai| ma0 buddhakI taraha bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI saMsArako anitya aura nAzavAna prakaTa kiyA hai, kintu yaha kevala vyavahAra nayakI apekSA hai, jisake anusAra sasArameM paryAyeM upasthita hotI rahatI haiM / mUlameM saMsArake sAmAnya apekSA sasAra nitya hai, kyoMki saMsAra-pravAhakA kabhI anta nahIM hotA hai| isIlie jainadarzanameM dravyakI vyAkhyA "sada dravyalakSaNam // 29 // utpAdavyayadhrauvyayukta sata // 30 // 9 // " kI hai / arthAt dravya sattAvAna nitya hai

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aura ma0 buddha] [179 aura yaha vahI hai o utpAda vyaya dhrauvya kara saMyukta hai| isataraha vastuoMke yathArtha aura vyAvahArika donoM rUpoMkA vivaraNa vAstavika rItyA jaina dharmameM diyA huA hai| bauddha dharmake samAna ekAMta vAdako yahAM Adara prApta nahIM hai / isalie ucita rItimeM hI AcArya mallisena bhagavAna mahAvIrakA yazogAna karate haiM:"anyonyapakSamatipakSabhAvAt yathA pare matsariNaH bhvaadaaH| nayAnazepA napizepamicchan na pakSapAto samayastathA te // " bhAvArtha-bhagavan ! ApakI vaha pakSapAtamaya ekAnta sthiti nahIM hai, jo ki una logokI hai jo eka dUsareke virodhI aura Apake matase viparIta haiN| kyoMki Apa usI vastuko aneka dRSTiyoMne pratipAdita karate haiN| isataraha jaina siddhAMta-syAhAdakA mahatva prakaTa hai| sacamuca yadi isakA upayoga hama apane dainika jIvanameM kareM to hamArI dhArmika asahiSNutAkA anta ho nAve / saba prakArake siddhAntoMkI mAnatAkI masaliyata isake nikaTa pragaTa hojAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake divyopadezake uparAMta usa samayameM pracanimatase mata matAMtara lupta hogaye the aura manuSya satyako jAnakara lAmI premale gale mile the| isaprakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake panaukA digdarzana karake hama apane uddezita sthAnako prAyaH pacanate haiM arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhakI vibhinna bhodana ghaTanAoM kA pUrNa digdarzana kara cukate haiN|

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- 180] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra (7) upasaMhAra / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura ma0 buddhake vibhinna jIvana eka dUsareke nitAnta viparIta the, yaha aba hameM acchI taraha jJAta hai| hama nisa AzAko lekara isa ora prayatnazIla huye the, vaha prAyaH phalavatI dikhAI par3a rahI hai / usake phalake anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambaMdhameM jo mithyA bhrama phaila rahA hai usakA vAstavika nirAkaraNa hamAre netroke agADI hai / hama jAnate hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ma0 buddhase alaga eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa the| unhone ma0 buddhakI taraha kisI navIna matakI sthApanA nahIM kI thI; balki pahilese jo jainadharma calA ArahA thA, usakA punarutthAna mAtra kiyA thaa| jaina dharmakI sthApanA ma0 buddha dvArA bauddha dharmakA parivartana honeke bahuta pahile ho cukI thI ! kintu imameM saMzaya nahIM ki bhAratake ye do camakate huye ratna sArvabhaumika prakAzako pA rahe haiM / ina donoM yugapradhAna puruSoMkA vyaktitva prArambhase hI eka dUsarese vibhinna rahA hai| atha ca nanhIM avasthAse hI vaha atIva prabhAvazAlI thaa| ahisAkA divya upadezaunake vyaktitvase kisa taraha pragaTa horahA thA yaha hama pragaTa kara cuke hai / sacamuca bhagavAn mahAvIrake divya jIvanameM mukhyatA yaha thI ki vaha yathArtha satyake anveSIkA eka anupama Adarza thaa| anupama isaliye thA ki unhone adhyayana, manana aura tapazcaraNa dvArA pUrNa utkRSTatAke paramAtma padako usa hI jIvanameM prApta kara liyA thaa| jarA vicAriye to ki jJAnopArjanakA mArga

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [ 181 'kitanA nIrasa hai ! usameM pagapagapara vividha saMzayAtmaka viSayoM aura bhayAnaka dhyeyase vicalita karanevAle kanTakoMkA samAgama hotA hai| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrakA apUrva sAhasa aura zaurya ina saba kaThinAiyoMpara vinayI huA thaa| unako AtmAkI apUrva jJAnAdi zaktiyoMmeM dRr3ha zraddhAna thaa| usIke anurUpa unhoMne niyamita DhaMgase "usa paramotkRSTa avasthAko prApta karaneke atula prayatna kiye the| pariNAmataH vaha jJAna evaM prakAzake sanAtana sthAnako prApta hue the| isa sarvajJAvasthAmeM unhoMne vastusthitirUpameM vaijJAnika rItise pratyeka padArthakA nirUpaNa kiyA thA, jisase sarvaprakArakI zaMkAoMkA anta hokara buddhikI satuSTi hogaI thii| unake vaijJAnikadharmopadezameM pratyeka AtmAkI svAdhInatA siddha ho gaI thii| pratyeka prANIko apane hI zubhAzubha karmoMmeM sukha-duHkhakA kAraNa pratIta hogayA thA aura yaha bhI bhAna hogayA thA ki ve pratyeka apane hI puruSArthake bala parama sukhI hosakte haiM / anya koI unako sukhI nahI banA saktA / jisa samaya vaha svayaM parAvalaMbitAkI upekSA karake svAvalambI banakara sanmArgakA anusaraNa karegA taba hI usako AnaMdamaya dazAkA anubhava prApta hogaa| parataMtratAko naSTa karanA hI usameM mukhya thaa| isake sAtha hI unakA upadeza vyaktiko udAratAkA pATha 'par3hAnevAlA thaa| hRdayasaMkIrNatA burI hai! ekAnta dRSTi mithyA hai| anekAMtakA Azraya lenA upAdeya hai| anekAMtIke nikaTa sarva matoMke ApasI virodha aura uljhI gutthiyA sahajameM sulajha jAtI haiN| tathApi udAra dRSTiko rakhate huye bhI korI bAhya kriyAyoMse pUrNa karmakANDa athavA iMdriyalipsAke mArgameM phaMsA rahanA bhI kAryakArI

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182 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra nahIM hai / yaha bhagavAn mahAvIrake caritra aura upadezase spaSTa pragaTa hai / uddezya prAptike liye apanI paramotkRSTa avasthAmeM bhagavAnane eka nitAnta, sarala aura vaijJAnika mArga batalAyA thA, jaise ki hama dekha cuke haiM / isa mokSamArgapara calatA huA prANI sAmya bhAvakA pakkA himAyatI hotA hai / pratyeka jIvAtmAko apane samAna samajhakara vaha kisI bhI prANIko mana, vacana, kAya dvArA kaSTa nahIM detA hai / tathApi gRhasthAvasthAmeM rahate huye bhI vaha niyamita DhaMgase sAMsArika kAryoM ko pUrNa karatA hai / isa rItise vaha apanA jIvana vyavahAra banAtA hai ki vaha svayaM uddezya prAptikI ora agrasara hotA jAya aura dUsaroMko bhI usa ora calaneme sahAyatA de ! sacamuca bhagavAnakA divyopadeza sArvabhaumika prema, zaurya aura sahanazIlatAkA khAsA pATha par3hAtA hai; jisakA pAlana karanese kevala bhAratakA nahIM, pratyuta samagra mAnava samAjakA duHkha sarvathA naSTa hosaktA hai / isa prakAra uttama aura sarala jIvana vyatIta karanekA vidhAna hame anyatra kaThinatAse milatA hai / isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki bhagavAnane aTala vizvAsake sAtha ghora parizrama karake apane puruSArthake bala usa para - motkRSTa avasthAko prApta kara liyA thA jisameM jJAna aura prakAza svayaM mUrtimAn ho A virAjate hai ! ataeva bhagavAnakA divya jIvana hamako jJAnopArjana meM pUrNa dattacitta rahanekA pragaTa upadeza derahA hai / ma0 buddhako bhI AryoMke utkRSTa jJAnameM dRr3ha zraddhAna thA vaha itanA aTala thA ki chaH varSakI kaThina tapasyA karanepara bhI jaba unako usakI prApti nahI huI taba bhI unakA vizvAsa usameM se jarA bhI DhIlA na par3A ! unhoMne yahI kahA ki isa kaThina mArgake ati

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [183 rikta usako prApta karanekA koI dUsarA mArga honA caahiye| pariNAmataH unhoMne usakI prAptikA eka madhya mArga DhUnDha liyA / usa samaya unhe isa dRr3ha zraddhAnake anurUpa sAdhAraNa jJAnase eka ucca prakArake jJAnakI prApti huI thI, jaise ki hama dekha cuke haiN| vAstavameM puruSArtha akAratha jAnevAlA na thaa| unhoMne apane usa madhyamArgakA pracAra sarvatra kiyA ! yadyapi pUrNa sarvajJatAke abhAvameM unakA dharmopadeza pUrNatA aura saiddhAMtikatAse rahita thA; parantu unhoMne tAtkAlika Avazyaka sudhArase apanI mohanI suratake bala usakA bahuta kucha pracAra kara liyaa| usa samaya loga ApasI vivAdome hI samaya naSTa karate the, unhoMne usako adharmamaya ThaharA kara eka niyamita DhaMgase jIvana vyatIta karanekA upadeza diyaa| sArvabhaumika premakA upadeza unhoMne bhI diyA thA, kintu vaha pUrNata: sabake liye samAna hitakArI nahIM thaa| vicAre nirAparAdha pazuoko yadyapi yajJavedIse bahuta kucha chuTakArA mila gayA thA, parantu manuSyoMkI jihvA lampaTatAke kAraNa unake prANa saMkaTa meM hI rahe the| buddhane isa ora dhyAna nahIM diyaa| kintu isa asaiddhAMtikatAke rahate hue bhI ma0 buddhakA jIvana bhI jJAnopArjanake lie dRDhatAse prayatna karanekA hI upadeza detA hai / kevala sAdhana aura sAdhyake ucita kharUpakA dhyAna rakhanA yahAM Avazyaka hai| dUsarI ora bhagavAna mahAvIrakA jIvana parama udAratAke sAtha sAtha samayAnusAra parivartanake liye taiyAra rahanekI prakaTa zikSA detA hai| unake parama udAra dharmopadezase sarva jAti aura pAMtike evaM sarva prakArakI sabhyatAke manuSya pratibuddha hokara paraspara gale mile the| kSatrI, brAhmaNa, vaizya, zUdra, cANDAla, pazu, pakSI sabahIne bhagavA

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1.84] [bhagavAna mahAvIranake udAra dharmopadezase lAbha uThAyA thaa| unakA upadeza kisI khAsa sampradAyake liye nahIM thaa| khAsakara sAmAnya janatA (Masses) ko lakSyakara unakA upadeza hotA thA / yahI kAraNa thA ki unake upadezase manuSya apane ApasI prabhedako bhUla gaye the / isase spaSTa prakaTa hai ki bhagavAna samayAnusAra parivartana-sudhArako Avazyaka samajhate the| usa samaya sAmpradAyikatA vehada bar3hI thI, usakA ata honA lAjamI thaa| bhagavAnake divyopadezase usakA anta hogyaa| yahI nahIM usa samaya kaThina brahmacarya aura tapazcaraNakI bhI AvazyaktA thI, bhagavAnane apane divya jIvanase isakA Adarza upasthita kara diyA thaa| AjIvaka brAhmaNa Adi sAdhujana jisa samaya brahmacaryakI AvazyaktA nahIM samajha rahe the, usa samaya bhagavAnako brahmacarya aura kaThina tapazcaraNakA upadeza apane cAritra dvArA gRhastha avasthAse prakaTa karanA lAnamI hI thaa| Aja bhI bhAratahitake liye hamako bhagavAnake isa AdarzakA anukaraNa karanA zreyaskara hai| ma. buddha bhI sAmAyika sudhArake pakke hAmI the| unhoMne samayakI paristhitike anusAra bahuta kucha sudhAra kiyA thA, yaha hama dekha cuke haiN| unake upadezase bhI loga apanI sAmpradAyikatAko gaMvA baiThe the| isa taraha unakA jIvana bhI sAmayika sudhArake liye hara samaya taiyAra rahanekA hI upadeza detA hai| tIsarI mukhya bAta bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvanakI yaha hai ki unhoMne striyoMkA vizeSa Adara diyA thaa| unake samavazaraNameM puruSoMka pahile striyoMko sthAna prApta thaa| yadyapi striyoMko bhI samAna dharmAdhikAra prApta the parantu unako strI yonise mokSa lAma karanekI

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [185 yogyatA prApta nahIM thii| isI kAraNa ve parama nigrantha rUpa dhAraNa nahIM kara saktIM thii| usa samaya-bhagavAna mahAvIrake zAsanakI zrAvikAyeM vizeSa jJAnavAna aura viduSIM thiiN| Aja bhArata hitake nAte 'pratyeka bhAratIyako bhagavAnake isa divya caritrase zikSA lenA uttama hai| bhAratIya striyokI dazA jisa samaya jJAnavAna aura Adaramaya hogI usI samaya hamAre jIvana bhI utkRSTa baneMge, taba hI dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa, puruSArthokI siddhi hosaktI hai / ma0 buddhane bhI gRhastha sukhake lie striyoMko jJAnavAna banAnA aura unheM AdarakI 'dRSTise dekhanA Avazyaka batalAyA thaa| antataH bhagavAna mahAvIrakA jIvana una yuvakoMke liye eka anukaraNIya evaM Adarza hai jo unnati karake satkIrtikA mukuTa apane zIzapara rakhanA cAhate haiN| unheM apane uddezya prAptike lie dRr3haprayatna honA cAhiye / uddezyameM zraddhAna jamA lenA Avazyaka hai| uddezyahIna jIvana eka duHkhamaya jIvana hai| phira isa uddezyako kramavAra-niyamita DhaMgase prApta karanA lAjamI hai| dhIratA aura saMtoSapUrvaka kartavyaparAyaNa rahanA usameM Avazyaka hai| dhIre 2 hI manuSya unnati kara sakatA hai| vaha ekadama unnatikI zikhirapara nahIM pahuMca sakA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrane isIprakAra unnati karake nirvANapadako prApta kiyA thaa| isake viparIta ma0 buddhane sAdhuke eka niyamita jIvanakramakA abhyAsa nahIM kiyA thA. jisake kAraNa ve pUrNa jJAnako prApta karane meM asamartha rahe the| yadyapi dhyeyameM unakA zraddhAna bhI . aTala thA kintu usakI AturatAne unako usase vaMcita rkkhaa| phira bhI unako sAdhAraNa jJAnase kucha adhikakI prApti huI hiithii| astu,

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186] [bhagavAna mahAvIraisaprakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma. buddhake jIvana hai aura unase jo zikSAyeM hameM prApta hotI haiM vaha bhI prakaTa hai| donoM hI yugapradhAna puruSa samakAlIna aura kSatrI rAjakumAra the / bha0 mahAvIrase ma0 buddha prAyaH tIna varSa umarameM bar3e the| unhoMne gRhatyAga karake vividha dharmapanyokA abhyAsa kiyA thA aura ve eka samaya jaina muni bhI rahe the| uparAMta madhyamAgako prApta karake 35 varSakI avasthAse unhoMne usakA pracAra karanA prArambha kiyA thaa| isa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra eka sAmAnya munikI taraha chamasthAvasthAmeM the| isa upadezameM ma0 buddhane sAmayika paristhitiko bahuta kucha sudhArA thA; parantu apane pUrNa jAnake abhAvameM unakA upadeza senDAtikatAse rahita thaa| isapara bhI tapasyAkI kaThinAIke abhAva aura ma0 buddhake vyaktigata prabhAvase usakA pracAra vizepa huA thaa| isaprakAra svayaM ma0 buddhadvArA bauddhadharmakI sRSTi huI thii| unase pahale yaha dharma bhAratameM nahIM thA kyoki yadi yaha hotA to ma0 buddha anyatra kahIM na bhaTakakara apanese pahale huye buddhoke batAye mArgakA anusaraNa karate / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddhagranthoM meM buddhokI saMkhyA bhI ThIkasara eka nahIM batAI gaI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrane isake viparIta apane pUrvagAmI tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna hI eka niyamita sAdhunIvanakA abhyAsa kiyA thA aura antataH sanAtana jainadharmakA punaruddhAra kiyA thA, jo deza-videzoMmeM phaila gayA ! ma0 buddhakA vauDadharma samrATa azokadvArA videzoMmeM-khAsakara cIna, jApAnameM-vizeSa phailAyA gayA thA kintu jainadharma isake pahale hI jainamuniyoM dvArA yUnAna Adi dezoMmeM pahuMca cukA thA / caMdragupta maurya

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [ 187 aura samprati maurya samrAToMdvArA isakA pracAra azokake pahale hI hocukA thA / phira khAravela, mahAmeghavAhanane jainadharmakI prabhAvanA bhAratavyApI kiMvA jAvA Adi dezoMmeM kI thii| cIna aura jApAnameM bhI jainadharma eka samaya avazya rahA thA, isakA pramANa vahAMkI eka sampradAyavizeSake astitvase hotA hai| jo ahiMsAko vizeSa mAnate aura rAtribhojana nahIM karate hai / jaina buddhadharma' nAmaka cInAI dharmakI sadRzatA sAdhAraNataH jainadharmase hai / vaha bhedavijJAnako mukhya mAnate hai| (dekho, dI rilIjansa Apha empAira Ta0 187) / isataraha bhagavAn mahAvIradvArA puna. ghoSita hokara jainadharma bahu pracalita hogayA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIrane gRhasthAvasthAmeM brahmacarya pUrvaka zrAvakake vratokA abhyAsa karake karIba 30 varSakI avasthAmeM gRhatyAgakara digambara munike vrata dhAraNa kiye the / bAraha varSa taka ghora tapasyA aura dhyAna karanepara unako karIva 43 vapakI avasthA meM sarvajatAkA lAbha huA thaa| isI samayase ve apanA upadeza dene lage the| bhagavAnakI sarvajJatAko mavuddhane bhI svIkAra kiyA thA aura usakA prabhAva ma0 vuddhake jIvanapara itanA par3A thA ki unake jIvanakI tatkAlIna ghaTanAokA prAyaH abhAva hI hai| antataH bhagavAna mahAvIrane pAvApurase jaba nirvANa lAma kiyA thA taba ma0 buddha jIvita the| uparAMta ma0 buddha karIba pAMca varSataka aura upadeza dete rahe the isa samaya rAjA ajAtazatrune unake dharmako apanAyA bhI thA Akhira bauddhazAstra kahate haiM ki kusInArAmeM ma0 buddhakA 'parinavyAna' ghaTita huA thaa| saMkSepameM dono yugapradhAna puruSotI ye jIvana ghaTanAye haiM inameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake darzana hama eka sAkSAt paramAtmA rUpameM karate hai| ve eka anupama tIrthakara the| yaha prasTa hai| itigama !

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188] [bhagavAna mahAvAra prishisstt| cauddha sAhityameM jaina ullekha / __ bhAratIya sAhityameM upalabdha bauddha sAhitya bhI vizeSa prAcIna hai| bauddhadharmake prakhyAt vidvAn prA. hIsaDeviDsa anya vidvAnoMke sAtha yaha siddhakara cuke haiM ki bau Doke pAlIgranthoMkI racanA Ajase karIba 2200 varSa pahile hocukI thii| azokake samaya arthAt IsavI sanase pUrva tIsarI zatAbdimeM ina granthoMkA adhikAMza bhAga prAyaH usI rUpameM sthira hocukA thA jaisA use hama Aja pAte haiN|' tathApi misina hisaDeviDsakA kathana hai ki yaha grantha IsavIsanse pUrva 80 varSameM lipivaddha hocuke the| aisI dazAmeM ina bauddha granthoMmeM jainadharmake sambandhameM jo ullekha hai ve vizeSa mahattvake haiN| kyoMki unake kathana bhagavAna mahAvIrake bahuta nikaTavartIkAlake haiN| ___ hameM batalAyA gayA hai ki 'bauddhoMke samasta dhArmika grantha tIna bhAgoMmeM vibhakta haiM, jo 'tripiTaka' kahalAte haiN| inake nAma kramazaH "vinayapiTaka', 'suttapiTaka' aura ' abhidhamma' piTaka haiM / prathama piTakame bauddha muniyoke AcAra aura niyamoMkA, dUsaremeM mahAtmA buddhake nija upadezoMkA aura tIsaremeM vizeSarUpase bauddha siddhAnta aura darzanakA varNana hai / 'suttapiTaka ke pAMca 'nikAya ' va aga haiN| inameM aneka sthAnoMpara jaina dharmakA ullekha karake varNana kiyA~ gayA hai| inameM se jinakA adhyayana karanekA saubhAgya hameM prApta huoM 1. bhagavAna mahAvIra pariziSTa pRSTa. 275. 2. dI, sAmsa opha dI sisaTarsa bhUmikA pRSTa. 15 3. bhagavAna mahAvIra pRSTa 275.

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-aura ma. buddha] [ 189 hai aura unameM jainadharma sambandhI ullekha jo hameM mile haiM unako hama vivecana sahita nimnaprakAra pAThakoMke samakSa upasthita karate haiN| 'suttapiTaka' kA dvitIya aMga 'majjhimanikAya' hai| isameM jo jaina ullekha Aye haiM, unameM se katipaya isa prakAra hai / eka sthAnapara buddha kahate haiM: 'eka midA haM, mahAnAma, samayaM rAjagahe viharAmi gijhakUTe pabbate / tena kho pana samayena saMbahulA nigaNThA isigilipasse kAla silAyaM unmatthakA honti Asana paTikkhittA, opakkamikA dukkhA tippA kaTukA vedanA vedayanti / atha khoha, mahAnAma, sAyaNha samayaM paTisallANA budvito yena isigili passama kAlasilA yenate nigaNThA tena upasaMkamim / upasaMkamittvA te nigaNThe etadavocam: kinnu tumhe Adhuso nigaNThA unbhaTTakA Asana paTikkhittA, opakImakA dukkhA tippA kaTukA vedanA vediyathAti / evaM vutte, mahAnAma, te nigaNThA meM etadavocu, nigaNTho, Abuso nAthaputto sabaju, sabbadassAvI aparisesa jJANa dassanaM parijAnAtiH carato came tiTThato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM jJANa dassanaM paccupaTTitatiH, so evaM AhaH asthi kho vo nigaNThA pUbve pApaM. kammaM kataM, taM ipAya kaTukAya dukarikArikAya nijaretha; yaM panettya etarahi kAyena saMyutA, bAcAya saMyutA, manasA saMvutA taM Ayarti pApassa kammarasa akaraNaM, iti purANAnaM kammAnaM tapasA vyantibhAvA, navAnaM kammAnaM akaraNAM Ayati anavassavo, Ayati anavassavA kammakkhayo, kammakkhayA dukkhakkhayo, dukkhakkhayA vedanAkkhayo, vedanAkkhayA sabbaM dukkhaM nijiNNaM bhaviMssati taM ca pan amhAka

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190] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra- . ruccati ceva khamati ca tena ca AmhA attamanA ti" __isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki ma0 buddha kahate haiM: " he mahAnAma, maiM eka samaya rAjagRhameM gRDakUTa nAmaka parvata para vihAra kara rahA thaa| usI samaya RSigirike pAsa 'kAlazilA' (nAmaka parvata) para - bahutase nirgrantha (jainamuni) Asana choDa upakrama kara rahe the aura tIvra tapasyAmeM pravRtta the| he mahAnAma, mai sAyaMkAlaMke samaya una nigraMthoke pAsa gayA aura unase bolA, 'aho nigrantha ! tuma Asana chor3a upakrama kara kyoM aisI ghora tapasyAkI vedanAkA anubhava kara rahe ho? he mahAnAma ! jaba maine unase aisA kahA taba ve nigrantha isa prakAra vole-'aho, nigrantha jJAtaputra sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI haiM, ve azeSa jJAna aura darzanake jJAtA haiN| hamAre calate, Thaharate, sote, jAgate samasta avasthAoMse sadaiva unakA jJAna aura darzana upasthita rahatA hai| unhone kahA hai:-'nirgrantho ! tumane pUrva (janma)meM pApakarma kiye haiM, unakI isa ghora duzcara tapasyAse nirjarA kara DAlo / mana, vacana aura kAyakI saMvRtise (naye ) pApa nahIM caMdhate aura tapasyAse purAne pApoMkA vyaya hojAtA hai| isa prakAra naye pApoMke ruka jAnese Ayati (Azrava) ruka jAtI hai, Ayati ruka jAnese karmokA kSaya hotA hai, karmakSayase dukkhakSaya hotA hai, TukkhakSayase vedanA-kSaya aura vedanA-kSayase sarva dukhoMkI nirjarA hojAtI hai|' isapara buddha kahate hai - yaha kathana hamAre liye rucikara pratIta hotA hai aura hamAre manako ThIka jaMcatA hai| 1 jisamanikAya (P. T.S) bhAga 1 pRSTha 92-93. 2 bhagavAna mahAvIra pRSTa 256-277. (pariziSTa 3) -

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-aura ma0 buddha] [191 isameM ma0 buddhane bhaghavAna mahAvIra (nirgrantha jJAtaputra )ke astitva aura unakI sarvajJatA tathA unake dvArA upadiSTa karma siddhAntako prakaTa kiyA hai| yaha ThIka usI taraha hai, jisa taraha jaina granthoMmeM batAyA gayA hai| aisAhI prasaMga 'majjhimanikAya meM eka sthAna para aura AyA hai| isakA anuvAda hama mUla pustakameM pahile yathAsthAna likha cuke hai| usameM bhI isI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI sarvajJatA evaM unake dvArA pratipAdita karmasiddhAntako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharmakI mAnatAoke yaha spaSTa aura mahatvazAlI pramANa haiN| inake atirikta 'majjhimanikAya ' meM eka 'abhayarAjakumAra / sutta hai aura isameM zreNika vimbasArake putra abhayakumArakA varNana hai / yaha abhayakumAra vahI haiM ninhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIrake samava__ zaraNameM dIkSA lI thI aura jo pahile bauddhadharmAvalambI the| jaina zAstroMmeM inakA vizada varNana maujUda hai, kintu bauddhoMke ukta suttameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa samaya buddha rAjagRhake veluvanameM maujUda the, usa samaya nigantha nAtaputta (bhagavAna mahAvIra ) ne inako sikhalAkara ma0 buddhake pAsa bhenA ki jAkara buddhase pUcho ki tuma kisIse kaThora yA anucita zabda kahate ho yA nhiiN| yadi vaha uttarameM hAM kaheM to unase pUchanA ki tumameM aura sAdhAraNa manuSyoMmeM phira kyA antara hai ? yadi vaha inkAra kareM to kahanA ki ina zabdoMkA vyavahAra tumane kaise kiyAH 1 majjhimanikAya (P. T.S) bhAga 2 pRSTha 214-218. 2 mUla pustaka pRSTha 88. 3. P. T. S. bhAga 1 pRSTa 382 ityAdi.

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[ bhagavAna mahAvIra " ApA yiko devadatto, niraviko devadatto ityAdi / isase buddhako nIcA dekhanA paDe yaha bhAva thA, parantu jisa samaya abhayakumAra ma0 buddhake nikaTa pahuMce to unhoMne abhayakumArakA samAdhAna kara diyA aura ve ma0 yuddhake ananya bhakta hogaye / isa kathAnaka meM kitanA tathya hai yaha sahaja anubhavagamya hai / vAstava meM bauddha graMtha sAmpradAyikatAke pakSase achUte nahIM hai aura unakI eka khAsayita yaha hai ki unameM kahIM bhI aisA varNana nahIM hai jisameM eka bauddhAnuyAyI ke vidharmI honekA jikara ho / kamase kama hamAre dekhane meM aisA ullekha nahIM AyA hai / isake pratikUla vidharmI jainAdike bauddha honekA ullekha unameM aneka sthAnoMpara milatA hai / isase isa ora bauddha zAstroke kathanako yathAtathya svIkAra karanA jarA kaThina hai / usake jainadharma sambandhI ullekhoM kA vivecana karate hue hama isa vyAkhyAkA prakaTa spaSTIkaraNa nimnakI paMktiyoMmeM dekheMge / isake atirikta jainagranthomeM hame bauddhagranthose pratikUla darzana hote hai / vahAM khule zabdo meM eka jainake vidharmI hojAnekI ghaTanA svIkAra kI gaI hai / ' aisI dazAmeM hama sahasA bauddhagraMthoM ke ullekhoM ko bilkula yathArtha satya svIkAra nahIM kara sakte / tisapara unameM eka hI kathA apane eka dUsare granthake viruddha varNana bhI rakhatI hai / inhIM abhayarAjakumArake sambandhameM hameM bauddhoM ke 'tibbatIya dulba' meM batalAyA gayA hai ki ve vaizAlIkI vezyA AmrapAlIke garbha aura rAjA zreNikake aurasase janme the / kintu yaha 112] 1. uttarapurANa, zreNikacaritra, ArAdhanA kathAkopa ityAdi graMtha dekhanA cAhie. 2. dI kSatriya lensa ina buddhisTa inDiyA pRSTa 127-128.

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- aura ma0 yuddha ] [ 19-3 kathana unake pAlI granthoMke viparIta haiM / ' 'therIgAthA' meM kahA gayA hai ki ve ujjainIkI vezyA padmAvatI ke garbha aura samrAT zreNika vimbasArake aurasa se janme the / isa avasthAmeM yahAM yathArthatAkA patA lagAnA kaThina hai ! pratyuta yahI pratibhASita hotA hai ki uparAnta abhayakumAra jaina muni hogaye the, isIlie bauddha graMthoMmeM unako nIcA dikhAneke lie aisA varNana likhA hai / isI taraha kuNika ajAtazatru jabataka apane prAraMbhika jIvanameM jainI graMtho meM 'sarva duSkRtyakA 3 vauddha hogae taba isa prakAra rahe the tabataka unakA ullekha bauddha karanevAlA' rUpameM haiM / uparAnta jaba ve unakA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isa parasthitimeM yaha spaSTa hai ki abhayarAjakumAra ke samvandhameM nahI hai / unakA ullekha yathArtha tisapara uparokta suttame jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane unako sikhalAkara bhejA thA, yaha jaina zAstroke pratikUla hai / jaina zAstra spaSTa prakaTa karate hai ki tIrthaGkarAvasthAme bhagavAn mahAvIra rAgadveSa rahita the / unako na kisIse rAga thA aura na kisIse dveSa | unakA upadeza avyAvAgha, sarva hitakArI vastusthitirUpameM hotA thA ! isa kAraNa yaha saMbhava nahIM ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane ma0 buddhako nIcA dikhAneke liye abhayakumArako sikhAkara unake pAsa bhejA ho ! tisapara yaha bhI to jarA vicAranekI bAta hai ki unhone una khAsa zabdoko kaise batalAyA hogA jo azokake 1. pUrvavat 2 dI sAmya oNpha dI sisTarsa pRSTha 30. 1. hama rA bhagavAna mahAvIra pRSTha 135 13

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194] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrajamAnemeM Akara bauddha sAhityake saMkalita honepara nirdiSTa huye the!isa apekSA bauddhoMkA ukta kathana ThIka nahIM jaMcatA / uparAnta isI nikAyake 'cUla sakuladAyI sutta' maiM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA batAe gaye paMcavratokA yathArtha ullekha hai| vahAM bhI inako ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha batalAyA hai tathA inheM AtmAkI sukhamaya dazAko prApta karanekA kAraNa jatalAyA hai| yaha cUla sakalodAyI jaina muni the tathApi isameM anyatra 'upAlIsutta' dvArA ahiMsA siddhAntakA prabheda prakaTa kiyA hai| upAlI eka jaina zrAvaka thaa| vaha ma0 buddhake pAsa gayA thaa| usane vahAM yaha prakaTa kiyA thA ki hiMsA cAhe jAnabUjhakara kI gaI ho yA vinA jAnebujhe, parantu vaha pApacaMdhakA kAraNa avazya hai / yaha jaina dRSTise ahisAkI paramocca vyAkhyA hai| vinA jAne bhI jo hisA hogI usakA pApavadha avazya bhugatanA paDegA, yadyapi zrAvakoMke liye ahiMsAkI mAnyatA anya prakArakI hai| vaha sirpha usakA pAlana ekadezarUpameM karate haiM, kevala jAnabUjhakara kisIko mArane athavA pIDA pahuMcAnekA hI unake tyAga hotA hai, anyathA ve ArambhI aura udyogI hiMsAke bhAgI hote hI haiN| apanI rakSAke liye aura dharma-maryAdAko sthira karaneke liye ve laDAiyAM bhI lar3ate haiM parantu eka muni Dama ahisAkA pAlana pUrNa rItimeM karatA hai| vaha apane zarIra-poSagake liye bhI hisA nahIM karatA hai| jo kucha zrAvakone apane liye bhojana banAyA hogA usImeMse alpa mAtrAmeM 1 majjhimanikAya bhAga 2 pRSTha 35-16 / 2. ma. ni. bhAga 1 pRSTha 371 / 3. ratnAraNDazrAvakAcAra (mA0 pra0) pRSTha 43 /

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-aura ma0 buddha] [195 vaha zarIrarakSAke nimitta grahaNa kara letA hai / tathApi isa avasthAmeM bhI ajJAtAvasthAmeM jo hiMsA hotI hai usake lie ve munigaNa pratikramaNAdi karate haiM / AcArya amitagati yaha bhAvanA isa taraha prakaTa karate haiM:'ekendriyAdyA yadi deva dehinaH, pramAdataH saMcaratA itstH| kSatA vibhinnA milinA nipIDinA, tadastu mithyA duranuSThitaM tadA // 5 // __ bhAvArtha-yatratatra vicaraNa karate hue pramAdavaza yadi koI hisA huI ho yA kisI prANIko duHkha pahuMcA ho, athavA usako aniSTa saMyoga milA ho to usa eka yA adhika indriyavAle prANIko ukta prakAra pIr3A pahuMcAnekA yaha duSkRtya duurho| isa prakAra jainasiddhAMtameM ajJAta avasthAkI hisA bhI pApabaMdhakA kAraNa mAnI gaI hai aura upAlI isI dRSTise usakA pratipAdana ma0 buddhake nikaTa karatA hai| kintu ma buddha jaina ahiMsAkI isa vyApakatAko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, yaha hama pahile hI dekha cuke haiM / vaha kevala jAnabUjhakara kisIko mArane yA pIr3A pahuMcAneko hI hisA mAnate haiM / zvetAmbaroMke sUtrakRtAGgameM buddhakI isa mAnyatAkA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| vahAM eka bauddha kahatA hai ki yadi koI vyakti dhokhemeM kisI prANIko mArade aura usakA AhAra bauddha amaNoMko de to ve ise svIkAra karaleMge kyoMki usa prANIko mAraneke bhAva to usa vyaktike the hI nahI / isalie isame hisA bhI nahIM samajhanA caahiye| tathApi yadi koI vyakti 1. mUlAcAra pRSTha 197-198 / 2. sAmA kATha 513 jainasUtra (S B.E.) bhAga 2 pRSTha 414-416. --

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[ bhagavAna mahAvIra 196] nirjIva vastumeM eka prANIkI kalpanA karake usakA ghAta kare to vaha hisA kahI jAyagI aura bahI pApakA kAraNa hai / ucita zabdoM dvArA vahAM bauddhoMkI isa vyAkhyAkA virodha kiyA gayA hai| sacamuca ma0 buddha apane ekAntamatakI apekSA kevala eka dRSTise hI yahAM hisAkA pratipAdana kara rahe haiM / vaha mana, vacana, kAya dvArA jo hisA hotI hai, usako usI dazAmeM pApamaya samajhate haiM, jisa samaya vaha vyakti jAnabUjhakara usako kararahA ho / jaina mAnyatA isake pratikUla hai| usake anusAra yaha ekadezI ahiMsA hai, jaise ki hama dekha cuke haiM / ataeva jaina siddhAntameM mana, vacana, kAyika tIna prakAra ke DanDa pApabaMdhake kAraNa batAye hai / pramAdavaza kAyika danDa jaise calate phirate cIMTI AdikA maranA bhI pApabaMdhakA kAraNa hai / upAlI ina tIno daNDoM kA ullekha karatA hai parantu buddha isako svIkAra nahIM karate / antataH kahA gayA hai ki upAlI buddhake upadeza se pratibuddha ho gayA / isame kahAtaka tathya hai, yaha hama kaha nahIM sakte / jaina zAstroMmeM upAlIkA uchekha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai tathApi yaha spaSTa hai ki jainadharmakA ahiMsAvAda bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se hI vaisA hai jaisA ki Aja use hama pArahe hai / isake atirikta anyatra jainiyoMkI yaha mAnyatA batAI gaI hai ki vyaktiko apanA svArtha sAdhanA cAhiye, phira cAhe mAtApitAkI bhI hatyA kyoM na karanI par3e ! yaha jaina mAnyatA ke pratikUla hai, usake anusAra bilkula mithyA hai| mAtrama hotA hai yahAM - 1. manikAya bhAga 114352, 2. jAtaka bhAga 5 14 122 mau philTarIniZY 82.

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-aura 'ma buddha [197 para buddha nainiyoMke isa upadezako vyakta kararahe haiM ki mumukSuko saba bAtoMko gauNa karake apanA Atmahita sabase pahile sAdhana karanA cAhiye / isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki vaha apane mAtApitAke prANoMtakakI paravA na kare / aisA yadi vaha karegA to vaha apane ahiMsAvatake viruddha naaygaa| isa avasthAmeM buddha jainiyoMpara isa mAnyatAke kAraNa usI DAlako kATanekA lAJchana Aropita nahIM kara sakte jo svayaM unakI chAyA detI ho| jainadRSTise yaha palle darjekI kRtaghnatA hai| __tathApi upAlImuttake antameM kahA gayA hai ki dIghatapassIko upAlIke bauddha honeke samAcAroM para vizvAsa nahIM huaa| vaha niganya nAtaputtake pAsa gayA aura upAlIke cAvata unase saba khaa| isapara vaha saMgha sahita upAlIke nikaTa gaye aura use samajhAne lage, para vaha na maanaa|' yaha kathana bhI kucha aTapaTA hai| eka zrAvakake liye, jo koI vizeSa prabhAvazAlI vyakti bhI nahIM thA, usake nikaTa bhagavAna mahAvIra gaye hoM! yaha varNana jaina mAnyatAke viruddha hai / tIrthakarAvasthA meM ve bhagavAna prAkRtarUpameM rAgadveSa aura vAJchAse rahita hokara upadeza dete the| isaliye unakA vahAM jAnA kevala nainiyoMkI mAnyatAke viparIta nahIM hai, balki prakRta ayukta hai / ataeva bauddha andhakA yaha kathana mithyA pratIta hotA hai| jana zAstroM meM aisA ullekha nahIM milatA jisase yaha prakaTa ho ki bhagavAna sarvajJAvasthAmeM kisIke gRhAdiko gaye hoM, patyuta unakA vihAra sabai saMghasahita hotA thaa| * simaniAga bhAga 1 pRSTha 301-207.

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198] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrauparokta dIghatapassI nirgrantha muni batAye gaye haiM aura pahile inhIMse ma0 buddhakA vArtAlApa huA thA aura inake kahanepara hI upAlI bhI buddhase ukta prakAra bAtacIta karane gayA thaa| dIghatapassIke sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki " jaba nAlandAke AmrabanameM ma0 buddha Thahare huye the usa samaya AhAroparAnta dIghatapassI nAmaka eka nigrantha (muni) unake nikaTa jAkara upasthita huaa| buddhake kahanepara vaha eka nIce Asanapara baiThA aura paraspara abhivAdana kiyaa| uparAnta buddhane pUchA, 'pApakarma karaneke kitane dvAra hai aura pApa ktine hai ?" isake uttarameM unhone kahA, 'hamAre nikaTa pApa nahIM balki DanDa mukhya hai| taba buddhane pUchA, 'to nirgrantha kitane prakArake 'DanDa' batalAte haiM ? nimrantha (muni) ne uttara diyA, 'DanDa tIna prakArake hai| kAyaDanDa, vacanaDanDa aura manaDanDa / phira buddhane prazna kiyA, 'kyA- yaha tIno eka dUsarese bhinna haiM ?' munine kahA, hAM, ve bhinna hai|' isapara buddhane pUchA ki 'ina tInomeM sabase adhika pApapUrNa kaunasA hai ?' uttarameM kahA gayA ki 'niganyoMke anusAra kAyaDanDa adhika pApapUrNa hai / isake uparAnta una munine buddhase pUchA ki tuma kitane prakArakA DanDa batalAte ho| isapara buddhane uttara diyA ki 'maiM DanDakA pratipAdana nahIM krtaa| mai.kamma (karma-Deed) kA upadeza detA huuN|' yaha sunakara nigraMtha munine kahA ki 'to tuma kAyakrama, vacikamma aura manokamma usI taraha mAnate ho jisa taraha hama kAyaDanDo, vacDinTo aura manoDanDo mAnate hai| ThIka hai, parantu ina tInoM meM adhika pApapUrNa kisako svIkAra karate ho ' duddhane vahA ki 'hama manokAmako adhika pApa

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-TA -aura ma0 buddha] [ 199. pUrNa samajhate haiN| isa taraha para yaha vArtAlApa pUrNa huaa| dIghatapassI apane sthAnapara lauTa Aye | isameM tIna DanDoMkA kathana hai vaha prAya. jainadharmake anusAra hI hai| jainadharmameM bhI yaha tInoM DanDa isI taraha svIkAra kiye huye Aja bhI milate haiM / kevala kramakA antara hai, bauDa kAyaDaNDako pahile ginAte haiM, jabaki manaDanDa ginAnA cAhiye / unake isI majjhimanikAyake pUrva kathanase yaha vAta pramANita hai / vahAMpara bhagavAna mahAvIrako mana-kamma (DanDa) aura kAya-kamma (DanDa) para barAbara jora dete likhA hai / * astu, majjhimanikAyameM bhagavAn mahAvIrake vizeSaNoMmeM yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki ve jAnate the ki kisane kisa prakArakA karma kiyA hai aura kisane nahI kiyA hai| (MN PTS. Vol. II. Pt II. pp. 224-228.)x isase bhI bhagavAnakI sarvajJatAkI siddhi hotI hai| ina sarvajJa bhagavAna dvArA hI aMga aura magadha dezoMmeM pahalese pracalita siddhAMtavAdako navajIvana prApta huA thA, yaha bAta isI bauddha granthase pramANita hai| (ma0ni0 bhAga 2 80 2) / 'majjhimanikAya' meM anyatra niganthaputta saJcaka aura buddhakA kathAnaka hai| kahA gayA hai ki jisa samaya buddha vaizAlImeM the, pAMcasau licchavi kAryavaza santhAgArameM ekatrita huye| isI sthAnapara niganthaputta saccaka pahuMcA aura yaha licchaviyoMse bolA:-"Aja licchaviyoMko AnA cAhiye; maiM samana gautamase bAda kruuNgaa| yadi 1. pUrvavata. / pUrva bhAga 1 pR. 238 x dI samakSatrI kainsa oNpha enziyenTa iDiyA pR0 118 / 2. majjhimanikAya (P.T.S.) bhAga ! pR0 225-226 / .

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- 200] [ bhagavAna mahAvArasamana (zramaNa ) gautama (buddha) mujhe usI sthAnako prApta karA deMge, jisa sthAnapara sAvaka (zrAvaka) assanIne mujhe pahuMcAyA hai, to maiM samana gautamako bAda dvArA usI taraha parAsta karUMgA jisa taraha eka balavAna puruSa bakarIko bAloMse pakar3a letA hai aura use nidhara cAhatA hai udhara ghumAtA hai / " yahI nahIM saccakane una sava upAyoko bhI batalAyA jinake dvArA vaha buddhako parAsta kregaa| katipaya licchaviyoMne isapara usase pUchA ki 'samana gautama niganthaputta saccakake praznokA uttara kisa taraha deMge athavA vaha kisa taraha unake praznoMkA uttara degA ? anyoMne bhI isI taraha saJcakake viSayameM pUchA / antataH saJcaka apane sAtha pAMcasau licchaviyoMko bAdame le jAneko saphalIbhUta huaa| vaha vahAM pahuMcA nahA bhikSukagaNa idhara udhara ghUma rahe the aura unase kahA ki "hama gautama mahAtmAke darzana karaneke icchuka haiM / usa samaya buddha mahAknameM eka vRkSake nIce dhyAna karaneke liye baiThe the| niganthaputta saccaka bahutase licchaviyoMke sAtha unake nikaTa pahuMcA aura pArasparika abhivAdana karake jarA dUrIse eka ora baiTha gyaa| katipaya licchaviyoMne buddhako praNAma kiyA, katipayane pArasparika maitrIvardhaka AbhivAdana kiye aura kinhIMne hAtha joDakara namaskAra kiyA aura ve eka ora baiTha gae tathApi katipaya prakhyAta licchaviyoMne apane aura apane kuloMke nAma prakaTa karake eka ora Asana grahaNa kiyA, katipaya vilkula mauna rahe aura kucha phAsalese baiTha gae / uparAMta buddha aura saccakake madhya saMghoM aura gaNoM tathA bauddhasiddhAMtake sambandhameM vATa prArambha huaa| saccaka usameM parAsta huA aura buddhako apane ghara AhAra grahaNa

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 201 . karaneke lie nimaMtrita kiyA / buddhane yaha AmaMtraNa svIkAra kara liyA / licchaviyoMko bhI isa AmaMtraNakI khabara par3I aura unase kahA gayA ki jo vastu ve denA cAheM khuzIse le AyeM / prAtaH hI licchavi buddhake liye pAMcasau thAliyAM bhojanakI lAye / saccaka aura licchaviyoMne bhaktibhAvase buddhako AhAra diyA / isa taraha yaha kathAnaka hai / saccaka eka jainIkA putra hai parantu vaha svaya jaina nahIM hai yaha isI grantha anyatra ke eka ullekhase pramANita hai / 'jaina granthoMmeM isake viSayameM koI carcA nahIM hai / yadyapi yaha spaSTa hai ki. isa kathAnakase jainadharmakA astitva bauddhadharmase pahilekA pramANita hotA hai jaisA ki DaoN0 jaikobIne prakaTa kiyA hai| sacamuca jaba vaha bAdI jisakA pitA jaina thA, ma0 buddhakA samakAlIna hai, to yaha kadApi sambhava nahIM hai ki jainadharmakI sthApanA ma0 vuddhake jIvana meM huI ho, jaise ki hama apanI mUla pustakameM bhI dekha cuke haiM / tathApi saJcakakA yaha kathana kucha tathya nahIM rakhatA ki usane mahAvIrasvAsIko vAda meM parAsta kiyA ho, kyoMki vaha svaya ma0 vuddhase vAdameM parAjita huA hai, jinakA jJAna bhagavAna mahAvIrake jJAnase heya prakArakA thA / isa dazAmeM vaha bhagavAnase vAda karanekA ghamaMDa nahIM kara sktaa| yahAM bhI jaina tIrthaMkara ke mahatvako heya prakaTa karaneke liye cauddhoMkA yaha prayatna hai / anyatra majjhimanikAya meM ma0 vuddha yaha bhI mata nirdiSTa karate haiM ki sukhase hI sukhakI prApti hotI hai / isapara vahAM jaina muni 1. pUrva pR0 200 / 2. jaina sUtra (S. B. E.) bhAga 2 bhUmikA pR0 23 / 4. dekho mULa pustaka pR0 V

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- 202] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraisakA virodha karate haiM, vaha kahate haiM, "nahIM gautama, sukhase sukhakI prApti nahIM hotI, kintu kaSTa sahana karanese hotI hai / " ( Nay friend, Gotana, bappiness is not to be got at by happiness, but by suffering ). * HET HN tapazcaraNako mukhyatA denekA hai| jisako ma0 buddha svIkAra nahIM karate / jaina dharmame paramasukha prApta karaneke lie tapazcaraNa bhI mukhya mAnA gayA hai / yahI mata usa samayake munimahArAja prakaTa kararahe haiM, so ThIka hai / tapazcaraNa svayaM sukharUpa hai, isalie vaha sukhamaI mArga hai| buddha usako kaSTamaya samajhate haiM yaha unakA bhrama hai / antataH majjhimanikAyame jaina ullekha 'sAmagAmasuta' meM aura dekhaneko milA hai aura vaha isa taraha hai: "ekam samayam bhagavA sakkesu viharati sAmagAme, tena kho, pana samayena niggantho nAtaputto pAvAyam adhunA kAlakatto hoti / tassa kAlakiriyAya bhinnaniggantha vadhikanAtA, bhanDanajAtA, kalahajAtA vivAdApannA uNNamaNNam mukhasattIhi vitudantA vihrintaa|"" isase spaSTa hai ki ma0 buddha jisa samaya sAmagAmako jArahe the usa samaya unhoMne nigraMtha nAtaputta (bhagavAna mahAvIra ) ka nirvANa pAvAmeM hote dekhA thaa| uparAnta kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANalAma karaneke vAda nirmatha saMghameM matabheda aura kalaha khar3e ho gaye the jisake kAraNa ve do vibhAgoMmeM vibhAjita ho vihAra karane lge| isase yaha samajhanA ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA ki bhagavAnake nirvANalAbhake sAtha hI yaha dazA upasthita ho gaI thI. * ma. ni. bhAga 1 pR. 13 / 1. majjhimanikAya bhAga 2 pR0 143 /

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [ 203 kintu jisa samaya rAjA azokake rAjyakAla meM yaha bauddhagrantha saMkarita huye the usa samaya avazya hI yaha parasthiti ghaTita ho gaI thI / isa kAraNa yadi yahAM ukta prakAra ullekha kiyA gayA hai to kucha bejA nahIM hai| isase prakaTa hai ki jainasaMgha meM pUrNa bheda kramazaH huA thA / isa prakAra majjhimanikAyake jaina ullekha jo hamAre dekhane meM Ae unakA varNana hai / aba pAThakagaNa, Aiye bauddhagrantha ' aGguttaranikAya ' meM jaina ullekhoMkA digdarzana karaleM / isameM eka sthalapara jaina zrAvakoMkI. kriyAyoMkA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / ' usakA anuvAda isa prakAra hai ki " he vizAkhA ! eka aise bhI samaNa haiM jo nigantha kahalAte hai / ve eka zrAvakase kahate haiM: - 'bhAI, yahAMse pUrva dizAmeM eka yojana taka prANiyoMko pIDA na pahuMcAnekA niyama grahaNa kro| isI taraha yahAMse pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa meM eka yojanataka prANI hiMsA na karanekI pratijJA lo / ' isa prakAra ve dayAkA vidhAna katipaya prANiyoMkI rakSA karanemeM karate haiM; tathApi isI anurUpa ve adayAkI zikSA anya jIvoMkI rakSA na karane deneke kAraNa dete haiM / " / yahAM bauddhAcArya jainiyoMke dikhatakA ullekha kara rahA hai isa vratake anusAra eka zrAvaka dizA vidizAoM meM niyamita sthAnoMke bhItara hI jAne Ane aura vyApAra karanekA niyama grahaNa karatA hai| isakA bhAva yaha hai ki sAdhAraNatayA manuSyoMko koI rokaToka kahI bhI Ane jAnekI na honese unake vyApArAdi nimitta hiMsA da 1. aMguttaranikAya 3-70-3 12. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra (mA0 pra0) pR0 60 /

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204] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrakaranekI maryAdA nahIM hotI hai kintu isa niyamako dhAraNa karanese yaha maryAdA upasthita hojAtI hai aura phira vaha vyApAra nimitta bhI pahalese kama hiMsA karanekA bhAgI hotA hai / yaha dhyAnameM rakhanekI bAta hai ki zrAvakako AraMbhI hiMsAkA tyAga nahIM hai| vaha kevala jAnabUjhakara hiMsA nahIM karegA, kyoMki vaha ahiMsAkA pAlana ekadeza rUpameM karatA hai / bauddhAcAryane yahAMpara jainAcAryake bhAvako gauNa karake ulTA unapara adayAkI zikSA denekA midhyA lAJchana Aropita kiyA hai| yahI bAta DaoN0 harmana jaikobI isa sambandhameM jainasUtroMkI bhUmikAmeM prakaTa karate haiN| ve likhate haiM: We cannot espect one sect to give a fair and bouest esposition of the tenets of their opponents, it is but natural that they should put tbem in such a foriu as to make the objec. tions to be raised against them all the better applicable. (Jaipa Sutras. S. B. E. Pt. II. In tro. XVIII). bhAvArtha-yaha AzA nahIM kI jAsaktI hai ki eka sampradAya apane vipakSI sampradAyakI mAnyatAoMkA yathArtha vivecana kare / yaha svAbhAvika hai ki ve unako aise vikRtarUpameM rakheM ki jisase unapara adhikase adhika Aropa agAr3I lAye naaskeN| isa prakAra cauddha anyameM jo rakta prakAra jena niyama 'digvata' para lAMchana lagAyA gayA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai / tathApi yaha dRSTavya hai ki yaha niyama megavAna mahAvIrake samayase abatake apane aviratarUpameM hamako mila rahA hai| agADI ukta ullekhameM kahA gayA hai ki "popaTake dina ce (niganya) eka sAvaka (zrAvaka )me preraNA karake kahate haiM-bhAI,

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[205 - aura ma0 buddha __ tuma apane saba vastra utAra DAlo aura kaho, na hama kisIke haiM, aura na koI hamArA hai / parantu usake mAtA pitA use apanA putra jAnate haiM aura vaha unheM apane mAtApitA jAnatA hai / usake putra ___ yA patnI use kramaza apanA pitA yA pati mAnate haiM aura vaha bhI unako apanA patra athavA patnI jAnatA hai| usake naukara-cAkara use apanA mAlika mAnate haiM aura vaha unheM apane naukara-cAkara jAnatA hai isaliye (niganthagaNa) usase usa samaya asatya bhASaNa karAte haiM, jaba ve usase uparyukta vAkya kahalAte haiM / isa kAraNa maiM unapara asatya bhASaNakA Aropa karatA huuN| usa rAtrike uparAMta vaha una vastuokA upabhoga karatA hai jo use kisIne nahIM dI hai, isa kAraNa mai usapara una vastuoMko grahaNa karanekA lAMchana lagAtA hUM jo use nahI dI gaI hai|" yahAM bauddhAcArya jaina zrAvakake proSadhopavAsakA ullekha kara rahe haiM kintu isameM bhI unhone ukta prakAra citra citraNa kiyA hai| jisa samaya zrAvaka proSadhopavAsa kAlake liye ukta prakAra pratijJA . karatA hai usa samaya vaha sAMsArika sambandhose vilkula mamatva haTA letA hai aura usakI vaha pratijJA usI niyata kAlake liye thI. isa kAraNa usapara asatya bhASaNa aura adatta vastuoko grahaNa karanekA Aropa yuktiyukta nahIM hai kintu cauddha granthake ukta varNanase yaha pratibhASita hotA hai ki proSadhake dina zrAvakakI caryA vilkula manivata hojAtI hai, use saba vastra utArakara mohako haTAnevAlI ukta prakArakI pratijJA karate batAI gaI hai| parantu jena zAstroMmeM 1. aMgutaranikAya 3-70-3. aura janasUtra bhAga 2 bhUmikA /

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206 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvora isa vratakA varNana isa prakAra milatA hai / ' ratnakaraNDazrAva kAcAra 'meM yaha isaprakAra batalAyA gayA hai:-- ' parvaNyaSTamyAM ca jJAtavyaH proSadhopavAsastu / caturabhyavahAryANAM prasAkhyAnaM sadecchAbhiH // 16 // paMcAnAM pApAnAmalaMkriyArambhagandhapuSpANAm / snAnAMjanasyAnAmupavAse parihRtiM kuryAt // 17 // dharmAmRtaM satRSNaH zravaNAbhyAM pitu pAyayedvAnyAn / jJAnavyAnaparo vA bhavatUpavasanatandrAluH // 18 // ' bhAvArtha- 'paryANi (caturdazI ) aura aSTamIke dinoMmeM sadecchAse jo cAra prakArake AhArakA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, use propadhopavAsa samajhanA cAhiye | una upavAsake dinoM meM hiMsAdi pacapApoMkA, alaMkAra, puSpagaMdha Adi dhAraNa karanekA, vANijya vyApAra Adi vyavahArake ArabhakA tathA gItanRtyAdi, snAna, aJjanakA parityAga karanA cAhiye / inakA parityAga karake una dinoMmeM dharmAmRtakA pAna satRpNa ho svaya kare evaM dharmAtmAoMko karAve aura jJAnadhyAnameM lIna hokara dvAdazAnuprekSAokA citavana kare / ' isameM yaha spaSTa nahI kiyA gayA hai ki jJAna dhyAnake samaya usa zrAvakako kyA pratimAyoga dhAraNa karanA cAhiye athavA AcAryake upadezase moha dUra karanevAlA vAkya kahakara nagnavRttimeM kAyotsarga karanA cAhiye, jaise ki ukta bauddha uddharaName kahA gayA hai / parantu sAgAradharmAmRtajImeM spaSTataH yaha kaha diyA gayA hai ki rAtrike samaya vaha zrAvaka pratimAyoga (nagna hokara ) dhAraNa karake kAyotsarga kara saktA hai / yathA:

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- aura maeN0 buddha ] 'nizAM nayataH pratimAyogena duritacchide / ye kSobhyate na kenApi tAntu masturya bhUmigAva // 7 // a0 7 zloka 7 pRSTha 421 / isase cauddha uddharaNake ukta kathanakA eka tarahase samarthana hotA hai / bauddha uddharaNameM rAtri aura dinakA bheda nahI kiyA gayA hai / saMbhava hai ki samayAnusAra isa kriyAmeM DhilAI kara dI gaI ho aura Aja to isakA ullekha bhI muzkilase milatA hai / parantu usa prAcIna samayameM isa zikSAvratake anusAra nagna hokara kAyotsarga karanA cahuta pracalita thA / seTha sudarzanake sambandhameM hameM spaSTa vatalAyA gayA hai ki unhone nagna hokara kAyotsarga kiyA thA / yahI bAta anya kathAose bhI siddha hai / prabhAcaMdrajI apanI 'ratnakaraNDa' kI TIkA meM aisA hI ullekha karate mAlUma hote hai, yathA: - 'magadhadeze rAjagRhanagare jinadattazreSThI kRtopavAsaH kRSNacaturdazyAM rAtrau smazAne kAyotsargeNa sthito dRSTaH / tato'mitaprabhadevenoktam / dUre tiSThatu madIyA munayo'muM gRhasthaM dhyAnAcca vyeti / ataeva cauddhoMkA ukta kathana tathyapUrNa hai / isameM koI saMzaya nahIM ki ye vrata zrAvakako tyAga avasthAkI zikSA deneke uddezya se niyata haiM / isalie unameM ukta prakAra nagna hokara kAyotsarga karane kA vidhAna honA yuktiyukta hai / * isI nikAya meM anyatra eka sUcI usa samayake sAdhuoMkI dI hai aura usameM niganthokI gaNanA AjIvakoke bAda dUsare nambarapara kI hai; so isase bhI jainadharmakI prAcInatA spaSTa hai / yaha sUcI isa prakAra hai: (1) AjIvaka, (2) nigantha, (3) muNDa - sAvaka, (4) [207

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208 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra jaTilaka, (5) parivvAjaka, (6) mAganDika, (7) teDanDika, (8) aviruddhaka, (9) gotamaka, (10) aura devadhaumanika vaha inameM naM0 2 aura naM0 3 kI vyAkhyA karate huye buddhaghoSane niganthoM ko granthiyoMrahita aura nAtaputtake netRtvakA sAdhu saMgha likhA hai tathA yaha bhI likhA hai ki ve eka laMgoTI dhAraNa karate haiM / isake sAtha hI vuddhaghoSane muNDa sAvakokI gaNanA bhI inhIMmeM kI hai| yahAM bauddhAcArya, buddhaghoSa, ailaka, kSullaka aura vratI zrAvakoM kA ullekha kara rahe haiM; kyoki yadi yahAM niganyakA bhAva munise hotA to unheM laMgoTI dhAraNa karanevAlA vaha vyakta nahIM karate; jaba ki apanI anya racanAoM (dhammapadatthakathA Adi) meM jaina muni - yoMko nagna prakaTa kara rahe haiM / tisapara buddhaghoSa prAyaH IsAkI pAMcavIM zatAbdi ke vidvAna haiM, so unake samaya zvetAMbara bheda bhI jaina saghameM hogayA thA aura isa dazA meM saMbhava bhI hai ki vaha zvetAMbara saMpradAyake vastradhArI muniyoMkA ullekha karate hote; parantu vaha bhI ThIka nahIM baiThatA, kyoki zve 0 sAdhu kevala laMgoTI dhAraNa nahIM karate aura phira vaha sAtha hI lagoTIdhArI niganthake sAtha muNDasAvaka - niganthakA bhI ullekha kara rahe haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki ke prAcIna jaina saMghake ailaka aura vratI zrAvakoM kA ullekha kara rahe haiM, jaise ki digavara zAstra prakaTa karate haiM / unakA yaha vaktavya ki ' zreSTha nigantha' ( Better Niganthas ) jo nagna rahate the, ve kahate hai ki hama apane kamaNDalako Dhaka lete haiM ki kahIM jIvadhArI Dialogues of the Buddha S. B B. Vol. II Intro to Kaesapa- Sihanada, Sutta.

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- aura ma0 vuddha ] [209. pRthvIke kaNa, usameM naM gireM, + yaha spaSTa kara detA hai ki buddhaghoSa ukta uddharaName jaina muni aura utkRSTa zrAvaka ailakakA bheda hI pragaTa kara rahe hai | astu ! * aMguttaranikAya meM anyatra eka dUsarA ullekha hai; usase bhI bhagavAnake sarvajJa honekI puSTi hotI hai| likhA hai ki " jaba AnaMda (buddhake mukhya ziSya ) vaizAlI meM the, taba abhayaM nAmaka licchavi rAjakumAra aura paMDitakumAra nAmaka licchavi AnaMndake pAsa Aye / abhayane Anandase kahA ki 'nirgrantha nAtaputta (bhAgavAna mahAvIra ) sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI haiN| vaha jJAnake prakAzako jAnate haiM (arthAt kevalajJAnI haiM) / unhoMne jAnA hai ki dhyAnadvArA pUrva karmo ko naSTa kiyA jAsaktA hai / karmoke naSTa hone se duHkhakA 1 honA banda hojAtA hai | duHkha ( Suffering) ke banda hojAnese hamArI viSayavAsanA naSTa hojAtI hai aura viSayavAsanAke kSaya hojAnese saMsArame duHkhakA anta hojAtA hai / " 2 + Dhammapadam, Fausboll, P. 398 * yadyapi 'muNDaka zrAvaka' kA artha buddhaghoSake anusAra hamane kSullaka - ailakase TiyA hai, kintu DaeN 0 vI0 ema0 vAruA apanI 'prI-buddhiSTa inDiyana philAsaphI' nAmaka pustaka meM 'muNDa-sAdhaka' sapradAyako 'muNDaka upaniSad' ke parivrAjaka bahalAte haiM / buddhaghoSane inakA svataMtra ullekha kiyA hai. isalie inakA svAdhIna parivAjaka honA bahuta saMbhava hai| samparka nigandhoMse hogA / isalie umrane unakI gaNanA 1. yaha abhaya samrAT zreNikake putra abhayakumArase bhinna hai, aisA DaoN0 jaikocIne prakaTa kiyA hai / ( jainasUtra bhAga 2 kI bhUmikA ) 2. P. T. S. Vol. I. pp. 220-221. kintu inakA kucha niganyoMmeM kI hai / 14

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210] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraisameM kevala bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkI sarvajJatAkA hI nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, pratyuta unake batAye huye mArgakA bhI digdarzana karAyA gayA hai, jo prAyaH ThIka hI hai| isa nikAyameM bhI licchavi senApati sIhakA kathAnaka diyA hai jisakA pUrNa digdarzana hama agADI kareMge / yahAM bauddhAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIrako karma-phalameM vizvAsa karanevAle kriyAvAdI batalAte haiM / (a0 ni0 bhAga 4 40 180) / isameM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIko yaha kahate bhI catalAyA hai ki "vaha sarva lokako dekhate haiM jo unake parimita jJAnase sImita hai / " vuddha usa matakA khaMDana karate hai / * yahAMpara bhagavAnake jJAnameM lokAloka spaSTa dikhatA thA isa apekSA unake nikaTa loka sImita rUpameM svIkAra kiyA batalAyA gayA mAlUma par3atA hai / isI nikAyame anyatra udAsIna nigantha (jaina) sAdhu (utkRSTa zrAvaka) eka vastradhArIkA bhI ullekha hai| yaha isaprakAra hai:"lohitAbhijAtinAma niganthA ekasATakA tivdti||' isakA artha yahI hai ki rakta prakAra ( lohitAbhinAti ) ke . nigantha hai, jo eka vastradhArI nAmase bhI vikhyAt hai / di. jaina zAstromeM ye eka vastradhArI gRhatyAgI 'kSullaka' nAmase jJAta haiM, jaise ki hama mUla pustakame dekha cuke hai / 'kSullaka' padase hI 'nigandha-acelaka' pada prApta hotA hai / isataraha bauddhagranthakA yaha kathana bhI jenamAnyatA ke anukUla hai| parantu isameM unako 'lohitAbhinAti' kA ksi apekSAse banalAyA hai, yaha dRSTavya hai| AnI * agumara0 bhAga 4 pR. 829. 1. bhaMgunaniya bhAga 3 pRSTa 383. 2. pRSTa

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [211 vakoMne isa abhinAti siddhAMtako prakaTa kiyA thA tathA isake dvArA manuNya samAnako chai abhijAtoMmeM vibhakta kiyA thaa| halida abhijAtimeM AjIvaka zrAvakoko rakkhA thA, zuklameM AnIvaka bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoMko evaM AjIvaka netAoMko paramazukla abhijAtikA batalAyA thA / uparokta uddharaNa inake uparAMta AyA hai| ataeva isase yahAMpara bhAva AjIvika siddhAMtake manuSya vibhAgase hai / aMguttaranikAyameM yaha abhijAti siddhAMta bhramavaza pUraNakassapakA catalAyA gayA hai kintu vAstavameM yaha AnIvakokA hai aura unhoMne apane zrAvakoko halida abhijAtimeM rakhakara niganthoM (naino) ke utkRSTa zrAvakako lohitAbhinAtimeM rakkhA hai| sacamuca yadi nigantha sapradAya usa samaya hI sthApita huI hotI to usakA ullekha isaprakAra honA kaThina thA / isataraha yaha aMguttaranikAyake ullekha haiN| dIghanikAya' meM bhI katipaya jaina ullekha hamAre dekhanemeM Aye haiM / eka sthAnapara usameM usa samayake prakhyAta mataparvatakoMkA varNana karate huye bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambaMdhameM bhI rAjA ajAtazatruke mukhase kahAyA gayA hai ki: "annataro pi kho rAjAmacco rAjAnAm magadham anAtasattam vaidehI puttam etada abocaH 'ayam deva niganTho nAtaputto saghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcAryoM ca jJAto yasastI titthakaro sAdhu sammato vaha janassa rattassU cira-pabba jito aDagato vayo anuppattA / 2 1. bhaMguttAnikAya bhAga 3 pRSTa 384. 2. dIvanikAya (P. T." S.) bhAga 1 pRSTa 48-44.

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212] [ bhagavAna mahAvArabhAvArtha-yaha sabake netA haiM, gaNAcArya haiM, darzana vizeSake. praNetA hai, vizeSa vikhyAt haiM, tIrthakara haiM, manuSyo dvArA pUjya haiM, anubhavazIla haiM, bahuta kAlase sAdhu avasthAkA pAlana kara rahe haiM, aura adhika vaya prApta haiM / ' yaha varNana prAyaH ThIka hI hai / isake atirikta anyatra isI nikAyameM eka 'pATikasutta' nAmaka suttantume jaina vivaraNa hai|' usase prakaTa hai ki ma0 buddhake jIvaname hI bhagavAn mahAvIrakA nirvANa hocukA thaa| isI suttantameM eka kanDara masuka nAmaka munikA ullekha hai| inhone no niyamita dizAoM meM jAnekI pratijJA kI thI, usase pratibhASita hotA hai ki vaha jaina muni the| jaina muni aise niyamakA pAlana karate haiM, yadyapi bauddha kahate haiM ki licchaviyoko khuza karaneke liye unhone yaha pratijJA lI thii| mUla isaprakAra diyA huA hai| "ekama idAham bhaggava samayam vesAliyam biharAmi mahAvane kUTAgAra-sAlAyam / tena kho pana samayena acelo kanDaramamuko vesAliyam paTivasati lAbhagga-ppattoca eva yasagga, prattoca vajji gaame| tassa sattavatta-padAni samattAni samAdinnAni honti-'yAvanIvam acelako assam , na vattham paridaheyyam : yAvajIvam brahmacArI assam na methunam paTiseveyyam yAvanIvama surA-mAMsena eva yApeyyam, na odana kummAsam bhujeyyam purasthimena vesAliyam udenam nAma cetiyam tam nAtikkameyyamaH dakkhiNena vesAliyan gotamakam nAma cetiyam tam nAtikameyyam pacchimena vesAliyam satambam nAma cetiyam tam nAtikkamevyam uttarena vesAliyam bahuputtam nAma 1. dI0 ni0 (P.T.S) bhAga 1 pRSTa 1-35

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aura ma0 buddha ] [213 cetiyam tam nAtikkameyyam na ti / ' so imesam sattannam vatta-padAnam samAdAna hetu lAbhagga ppatto ca eva yasagga patto ca valigAme / " dIghanikAya ( P. T. S.) bhAga 3 pRSTha 9-10 / isameM pahile acelaka hokara yAvajjIvam brahmacarya dhAraNa surA mAMsa tyAga AdikI pratijJA kI huI batalAI gaI hai| sambhava hai ki pahile kanDaramasuka anaina sAdhu hogA athavA bhraSTa muni hogaa| isalie uparAMta usane aisI pratijJA kI ! jo ho, itanA spaSTa hai ki isameM jo pratijJAyeM kI gaI haiM vaha jaina munikI caryA meM milatI haiN| astu; 'dIghanikAya' ke 'pAsAdika suttanta' aura 'saMgIta suttanta' meM bhI jaina ullekha haiN| unase bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa ma0 buddhake jIvanakAlameM hogayA thaa| pAsAdika suttanta' meM yaha isaprakAra hai: "ekam samayam bhagavA sakkesu viharati / (vedhajjA nAma sekayA, tesam ambavane pAsAde), tena khopana samayena niganTho nAthaputto pAvAyam adhunA kAlakato hoti / tassa kAlakiriyAya bhinnA niganThaM dvedhika jAtA, bhaNDana jAtA, kalaha jAtA, vivAdApannA aMjamaMjam mukha sattIhi vitUdantA viharanti 'na tvaM imaM dhamma vinaya AjAnAsi ? ahaM imaM dhamma-vinayaM AjAnAmi, kiM tvaM ima dhamma vinayaM AjAnissasi !' micchA paTipanno tvaM asi, ahaM asmi sammA paMTipanno, sahitam me, asahitan te, pure vacanIya pacchA avaca, pacchA bacanIya pure avaca, aviciNNana te viparAvattaM Aropito te bAdo, niggahIto si cara vAdappamokkhAya, nibbeThehi vA sace yahosIti / ' vadho eva kho maMje niganThesu nAthaputtinesu vattati / ye

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214] / bhagavAna mahAvArapi niganThassa nAthaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAta basanA, te pi niganThesu nAthaputtiyesu niviNNa rUpA virata rUpA paTivAna rUpA, yathA taM durakkhAte dhamma vinaye duppavedite aniyyAnike anupasama saMvattanike asammA sambuddhappavedite bhinna dhUpe appaTisaraNe / " ( P. T. S. Vol. III. P. 117-118) isakA bhAva yahI hai ki jisa samaya ma0 buddha vihAra kara rahe the usa samaya pAvAmeM niganya nAtaputta (mahAvIrakhAmI)kA nirvANa horahA thaa| isake bAda niganya saMghameM bheda khar3A ho gayA aura munigaNa yaha kahate ApasameM jhagar3ate vicarane lage ki 'tuma dharmakA kharUpa nahI jAnate vaha vaise ThIka hai jaise hama kahate haiM / isa taraha munijanako ApasameM jhagar3ate dekhakara zvetavastra dhArI niya zrAvaka bar3e khedakhinna horahe the| aisA hI ullekha majjhimanikAyameM bhI hai, jisakA digdarzana hama pahile kara cuke hai| uparoktake agAr3I 'saMgIta susanta' (eSTa 209-210)meM bhI yahI ullekha hai / isase spaSTa hai ki mUlameM jaina saMgha eka thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANake uparAMta hI usame jhagaDA khar3A huA thaa| kitane kAla uparAMta ? yaha ina uddharaNoMmeM spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu kevalajJAniyoM aura zAyada aMtima zrutakevalI taka java di0 aura khe0 donoM hI ekamata haiM taba yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya taka yaha matabheda athavA jhagar3A jainasaghameM khaDA nahIM huA thaa| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke samayameM hI yaha duHkhada ghaTanA ghaTita huI thI aura vahIMse paraspara vidveSabIna par3a gayA thaa| yaha samaya candraguptake rAjyake aMtima athavA kircita uparAnta kAlakA

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-aura ma0 buddha [ 215 hai| isa avasthAme samrATa azokake rAjatva kAlameM ekatrita aura mAnita huye uparokta bauddhasuttoMmeM isaprakAra jaina muniyo-AcAryokA paraspara jhagar3anekA ullekha honA yuktiyukta hI hai / usa uddharaNameM zvetavastradhArI jaina zrAvakokA bhI ullekha hai, jo jaina saMghame vratI zrAvakake rUpame hote hI haiN| isa taraha isa ullekhakA khulAsA hai| inake atirikta 'saMyuttanikAya' me bhI eka viSaya ullekhanIya hai| usameM eka sthalapara kahA gayA hai ki "bhagavAna mahAvIrane hiMsA, corI, jhUTha, abrahmacarya aura mAdaka vastu sevanake tyAgakA upadeza diyA hai tathA kahA hai ki jitane samayataka kisI vyaktine jIva vadha kiyA ho, usa samayase adhikataka yadi vaha dayAdharmakA abhyAsa kare aura usakA samAdhimaraNa bhI usa samayase adhika ho to vaha vyakti narkame nahIM jAyagA / " isameM bahuta kucha ayathArtha __ varNana kiyA gayA prakaTa hotA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrane jina pAMca pApokA tyAga karanekA upadeza diyA thA, unameM pAMcavA madyapAna tyAga na hokara parigrahaparimANa vrata thaa| madyapAna tyAgakA samAveza to prathama vrata hiMsA-tyAgameM hocukA hai| vastutaH jisaprakAra pAMca bAtokA tyAga yahAM batAyA gayA hai vaha svayaM bauddhadharmameM svIkRta haiN| tathApi isake uparAnta jo samAdhimaraNa AdikI bAta kahI gaI hai, vaha bhI ThIka hai / isake atirikta 'saMyuttanikAya' meM kahA gayA hai ki prakhyAt jJAtrika mahAvIra batalA sakta the ki unake ziSya kahA~ pana janme the aura unameMse mukhya kahAM utpanna huA thaa| (S N. 1 saMyuttanikAya bhAga 4 pRSTa 317. 3. hisTorikala glIniMgsa praSTa 80. 3. ralakaraNTa (mA0 pra.) pRSTa 43, - -

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216] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraP. T.S. IV. 398 ) / isase bhI bhagavAnakI sarvajJatA pramANita hai| usameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki jJAtrika kSatrI eka bhikSu, cAturyAma saMvarase surakSita, dekhI aura sunI bAtoko batAnevAle aura janatA dvArA bahu mAnya the / * itanepara bhI isameM bha0 mahAvIrako ma. buddhake tulya nahIM batalAnex meM pakSapAtase kAma liyA hai| agADI isa nikAyameM likhA hai ki jisa samaya nigantha nAtaputta mahAvIra saMghasahita macchikAkhaNDameM Thahare hue the, usasamaya gRhapati citto nAmaka jamIndAra unake nikaTa AyA aura unako namaskAra kI / bhagavAnane usase kahA ki 'kyA tujhe vizvAsa hai ki zramaNa gautama (buddha) kA dhyAna avitarka aura avicAra zreNikA hai aura unane vitarka aura vicArako naSTa kara diyA hai ? gRhapati citto bolA ki use isameM vizvAsa hai| isI kAraNa vaha buddhake pAsa nahIM gayA hai / yaha sunakara nigantha nAtaputtane apane ziSyose kahA ki dekho ziSyo / gRhapati citto kitanA sarala aura salajja hai| taba cittone nAtaputtase pUchA ki 'zraddhA aura jJAname kauna mukhya hai ?' nAtaputtane-kahA ki 'jJAna mukhya hai|' isapara citto bolA ki 'mujhe cAro jJAna prApta karanekI icchA hai|' yaha sunakara nigantha nAtaputta apane ziSyose- bole ki- 'dekho, citto gRhapati kaisA zaTha aura mAyAvI hai ?' taduparAnta cittoko mahAvIrakI zikSAkA jo mahatva thA vaha mAlUma hogayA aura vaha kucha aura praznottara karake calA gayA / (saM0 ni* P. T.S bhAga 440 287) / ___ * dI buka opha dI kinDarDa seyansa bhA0 1 pR. 91. x saM. ni. P. T. S. bhA0 1 pR0 19.

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-aura ma0 buMda] [217 isameM yadyapi bhagavAna mahAvIrake prati sadbhAva nahIM rakkhe gae haiM; parantu isameM jina siddhAMtokA ullekha hai vaha Aja bhI jainadharmameM milate hai / tatvArthAdhigam sUtrake 9veM adhyAya zlo0 41-4344 meM avitarka aura avicAra zreNike dhyAna aura vitarka evaM vIcAra zabdoMkA artha kramazaH diyA huA hai| yaha pahale do prakArakA zukladhyAna hai / isataraha jainadharmake prAyaH saba hI siddhAnta Ajataka apane prAcIna rUpame milate haiM-yaha isakI saiddhAMtika pUrNatAkA pratyakSapramANa hai / astu, 'dIghanikAya' kI TIkA 'sumaMgalavilAsinI' meM bhI katipaya jaina ullekha hamAre dekhanemeM Aye hai| usameM eka sthAnapara jainiyoMkI isa mAnyatAkA spaSTa ullekha hai ki sacitta jalameM bhI jIva hai| usameM isakA sthApana ina zabdomeM kiyA gayA hai:-" so kira sItodake sattasajjI hoti / arthAt __ ThaMDe jalameM jIva hote hai| isI kAraNase jaina muni zItaM jelakA vyavahAra nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki ve ahisAvratakA pUrNa pAlana karate _haiN| isase prakaTa hai ki jainiyoMkI yaha mAnyatA bahuta prAcIna hai| uparAnta isI bauddha granthameM agADI AtmA sambandhI jaina mAnyatAkA ullekha hai| usameM jaina dRSTise AtmAkA svarUpa ( arUpI attoM saMNNI)' arUpI aura saMjJI (upayogamaI-Concsious ) bata__ lAyA hai aura yaha ThIka hI hai / jaina granthoM meM AtmA apanI svAbhAvika avasthAmeM arUpI aura jJAnadarzana pUrNa batalAI gaI hai| 1. hisTorIkala- glIniMgsa-pRSTa 81. - sumagalApilAsinI pRSTha.. 16. 3 su0 vi0 pRSTha 118 (P. T.S)

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218] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrakintu isameM jo agAr3I 'arogo' (rogarahita) batAyA hai| usakA bhAva kyA hai yaha sahasA samajhameM nahIM AyA to Azcarya nahIM kintu yaha ullekha AtmAkA astitva mRtyu uparAnta rahatA hai yaha nirdiSTa karate huye batalAyA gayA hai| ataeva isa avasthAmeM yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bauddhAcArya yahAMpara AtmAkI saMsAra avasthAko lakSya karake kaha rahA hai ki isa dazAmeM bhI vaha saMsAra-paribhramaNameM roga Adise achUtA rahatA hai| vAstavameM jainiyokA bhI yaha vizvAsa hai ki sAMsArika dukha-sukhame unakA AtmA vilaga hai| use na duHkha satAtA hai na iMdriyasukha AlhAda pahuMcAtA hai, vaha apane svabhAvameM svayaM pUrNa sukharUpa hai| yahI bhAva pUjyapAdasvAmI ninna zloke dvArA pragaTa karate haiM. 'na me mRtyuH kuto bhItirna me vyAdhiH kuto vyathA / nAhaM vAlo na vRddhohaM na yuvaitAni pudgale // 20 // bhAvArtha-'mUlameM jo 'ma' AtmA hUM, vaha maiM na mRtyukA sthAna hUM, phira bhalA mujhe mRtyuse kyA bhaya honA cAhiye ? tathApi na meremeM rogako sthAna prApta hai, isalie koI bhI vastu mujhe pIr3A nahIM pahuMcA saktI! phira na maiM bAlaka hUM, na maiM vRddha hUM, na maiM yuvaka huuN| yaha saba bAteM to pudgalase sambaMdha rakhatI hai ! jainiyoMke isI bhAvako bauddhAcAryane ukta prakAra vyakta kiyA hai| _agAr3I isa ' vilAsinI ' meM kahA gayA hai ki ' bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA aura loka ( 'attAcalokoca donoM hI nitya haiN| yaha kisI navIna padArthako janma nahIM dete 1 iSTopadeza 29.

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-bhAra ma0 buddha ] [219 haiM / vaha usI taraha sthira haiM jisa taraha parvatakI zikhara athavA 'eka sthambha haiN| yaha bhI AtmA aura lokake mUla svabhAvako lakSya karake ThIka hI hai / jaina darzanameM yaha isI taraha svIkRta hai, jaise ki hama anyatra pahale mUla pustakameM dekha cuke haiN| agAr3I DAyolaoNgsa oNpha buddhameM jo jaina ullekha hameM prApta huye ve isaprakAra haiN| pahale hI 'brahmanAlasutta' meM jahAM nityavAdiyoM ( Eternalists)kA varNana hai, vaha sacamuca jainiyoke prati kahA gayA pratIta hotA hai / kahA gayA hai ki "bhikSuo, pahile hI eka aise brAhmaNa athavA samaNa haiM jo prayatna aura tIkSNa vicAra Adi dvArA hRdaya AlhAdakI usa avasthAmeM pahuMcate haiM jisameM vaha hRdayameM lIna ho jAkara apane mana dvArA pUrvabhavoMkA eka, do, tIna, cAra, pAMca, dasa, vIsa, tIsa, cAlIsa, pacAsa, sau, hajAra, balki lAkha pUrvabhavokA smaraNa karate haiM / usa smaraNameM jAnate haiM ki 'taka merA yaha nAma thA....aura maiM itane varSa jIvita rahA thaa| vahAMse mRtyu honepara merA janma yahAM huA hai| isa taraha vaha pUrvasmaraNa apane pahaleke ghara.Adike rUpameM kara letA hai aura phira vaha vicAratA hai ki "jIva nitya hai| loka kisI navIna padArthako janma nahIM detA hai / vaha parvatakI bhAMti sthira hai sthambhakI taraha niyata haiM aura yadyapi yaha jIvita prANI saMsArameM paribhramaNa karate haiM aura maraNako prApta hote hai, eka bhavakA anta karake dUsare meM janmate haiM, to bhI ve hamezAke hamezA vaise hI rahate haiM / ityaadi|" su0 vi0 (P. T. S) pRSTha 119 2 pRSTha. 3-Dialognes -of the Buddha.S B. B. Series,

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220 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra - yahAM bauddhAcAryane spaSTa rItise usa dharmakA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai jisake sambaMdha meM vaha yaha varNana kara rahA hai, kintu jo varNana unhoMne jIva aura lokakI nityatAmeM diyA hai, vaha ThIka jainadharmake anusAra hai / apanI mUla pustakeMmeM hama paMhile hI jainiyoMkI isa mAnyatAkA digdarzana kara cuke haiN|' jaina purANoM meM isI tarahase pUrvabhava smaraNa aura jAtismaraNa ke ullekha hamako milate haiN| tathApi vizeSa jJAnadhArI munijana vyaktiyoMke pUrvabhavoMkA varNana karate milate haiM / isake lie jainiyoke 'mahApurANa' 'uttarapurANa' Adi graMtha dekhanA cAhiye / ukta vivaraNameM bauddhAcAryane aMgADI jainiyoMkI isa mAnyatAko nissAra batalAyA hai, kintu usa samaya vaha unakI 'nizcaya' aura 'vyavahAra' nayoMko bhUla gayA / 'nizvanaya' kI apekSA jIva aura loka nitya hai, parantu 'vyavahAra naya' kI dRSTise ve donoM anitya bhI haiM / isa kAraNa jainiyokA yaha siddhAnta bAdhita bhI nahIM hai / phira yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanekI bAta hai 1 ki yahAM ma0 buddha una matamatAMtaroMke siddhAMtoMkI AlocanA kara rahe haiM, jo unase pahileke cale Arahe the / isa apekSA ukta prakAra jaina siddhAMtakA ullekha isa AlocanAmeM honA jainadharmakI prAcInatAkA dyotaka hai / isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAthake tIrtha meM bhI yaha siddhAMta usI rUpa meM pracalita thA jaise ki Aja jaina zAstromeM milatA hai / tathApi isake sAtha hI jaina zAstroMka varNanakI satyatA aura ArSatA prakaTa hai / isa suttakI cauthI AlocanA taka isa hI siddhAMta kA prati 1. mULa pustaka pRSTha

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-aura ma buddha] [221 *pAdana kiyA gayA hai aura batalAyA gayA hai ki tarkavAdase ve zramaNa aura brAhmaNa isa siddhAntako siddha karate hai / so yaha saba kathana bhagavAna pArzvanAthake tIrthake muniyoMse lAgU hai / isa tIrthake katipaya munigaNa prathama ullekhakI taraha AtmavAdakI siddhi karate pratIta hote haiM aura cauthemeM jo . tarkavAdase isa siddhAMtako pramANita karanevAle muni batalAye gaye haiM, unase bhAva 'vAdAnupUrvI' muniyoMse honA pratIta hotA hai / jaina zAstromeM alaga2 prakArake muniyoMkA astitva pratyeka tIrthakarake saMghameM batalAyA gayA hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIke saMghameM inakI saMkhyA isa taraha batalAI hai:"prathama svayambhU pramukha pradhAna / dasa ganadhara sarvAgama jAna / / pUravadhArI parama udAsa / sarva tInasai aru paMcAsa // 83 // sipya munIsura kahe purAna / dasahajAra nause paravAna / / avadhivaMta caudahasai sAra / kevalagyAnI ekahajAra // 84 // vividha vikriyA riddhi baliSTa / ekasahasa jAno utkRSTa / manapara jaya gyAnI gunavaMta / sAta sataka paMcAsa mahaMta // 28 // chasai vAdavijayI munirAja / sava muni solahasahasa samAja || sahasa chavIsa ajiMkA ganI ekalAkha zrAvaka vratadhanI 286" inameMke avadhijJAnI, mana paryayajJAnI aura kevalajJAnI munirAja pUrvabhavokA digdarzana svayaM kara sakte haiN| aura dUsaroko batalA sakte haiN| inake upadezase bhavyoko zraddhAna honA lAjamI hI hai| vAdAnupUrvI munijana vAdadvArA apane pakSakI siddhi arthAta utta jaina siddhAntakI pramANikatA sthApita karate the| inhIM muniyoMkA * 1. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 100.

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222] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraalaga 2 ullekha uparokta bauddha suttameM kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMghameM bhI aise hI muninana the / unakI saMkhyA isaprakAra thii| 9900 sAdhAraNa muniH 300 aMgapUrvadhArI muniH 1300 avadhijJAnadhArI muni; 900 RddhivikriyAyukta; 500 cAra jJAnake dhArI; 1000 kevalajJAnI; 900 anuttaravAdI, saba milakara 14000 muni the| isaprakAra ukta bauddha uddharaNase jaina zAstroMkI pramANikatA aura usakI prAcInatA prakaTa hai| uparAnta isa brahmanAlasuttameM saMjayavairatthIputtake vikrata syAhAda siddhAMtakA vivecana hai, jisake viSayameM hama pahile mUla pustakameM hI vicAra prakaTakara cuke haiN| isake pazcAt 'samannaphalasutta' hai| isameM muni avasthAke lAbhakA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| magadha samrAT ajAtazatru sAdhAraNa AjIvikopArjanake upAyoMkA lAbha batalAkara pUMchate haiM ki ghara chor3akara sAdhubheSa dhAraNa karanese phAyadA kyA hai ? isake uttarameM sAdhu avasthAke lAbhoko ginAyA gayA hai / isImeM ajAtazatru una uttaroko bhI batalAtA hai jo usake praznake javAbame anya matapravartakone diye the| bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambandhame kahA gayA hai ki jaba ajAtazatrune sAdhu jIvanake lAbhake bAremeM unase pUchA to unhoMne uttara diyA ki "he rAjan ! eka nigantha cAra prakArase savarita haiN| vaha sarva prakArake jalase vilaga rahakara jIvana vyatIta karate haiM; saba pApase dUra rahate haiM; saba pApako unane dho DAlA hai aura vaha pApa-vAsanAko rokakara pUrNa huye jIvana vyatIta karate hai / isa tarahakA yaha caturyAmasaMvara hai. 1. hamArA bhagavAna mahAvIra' pRSTha 118.

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-aura ma0 buddha [223 aura jaba vaha isa caturyAmasaMvarase yukta hai, taba isIliye vaha nigantho, gatatto, yatatto aura thitatto kahalAte haiN|' ThIka isa hI prakArake ullekha dIghanikAya, aDataranikAya aura milindapanhameM bhI Aye haiM / yahAM nirgrantha (jainamuni) ke sAdhu jIvanakA mahatva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / isapara prAcyavidyAvizAradoMmeM vizeSa matabheda pracalita hai| koI isakA bhAva kucha lagAte haiM aura koI kucha / sacamuca vidharmI vidvAnoMke lie yaha sugama nahIM hai ki vaha kisI dharmakI mAnyatAko sahana samajha sakeM to bhI unake udyoga sarAhanIya haiM / isameM saMzaya nahIM ki bauddhagranthameM jo isa taraha kliSTa aura aspaSTa rUpameM isa uttarako aMkita kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhagavAna mahAvIrakI divyadhvanike prati upahAsa bhAvako prakaTa karatA hai / DaoN0 disa DeviDsa bhI yahI samajhate haiM aura ve isa viSayame anya pAzcAtya vidvAnoke bhAvArthopara vivecana karate hue likhate haiM: -bArI-bAritA evam kho 1 mUla isa prakAra hai.-"evam dutta bhante niganTho nAtaputtA mam etad avAcaH 'idha mahArAja niganTho cAtu-yAma-savara-savuto hoti / kathaM ca maha rAja niganTho cAtu-yAma-sabara-saMvuto hoti ? idha mahArAja niganTho sama-vArI-vAritoca hoti, saca-vArI-yuto ca, saba-yArIdhato ca, sama-dhArI-puTho ca / evam kho mahArAja niganTho cAtu-yAmasavara-vanA hoti / yo kho mahArAja niganTho evam cAtu-yAmasaMvara-savunI hoti, bhayam bucavi mahArAja niganTho gatatto ca yatatto ca thitano cAti / ' ityam kho me bhante niganTho nAtaputto sandithikam sAmanaphalam puDho samAno cAtu-yAma-saMvaram vyAkasi / ...... dIghanikAya (P. T. S.) bhAga 1 pR0 57-58 / naganTho evama ca yatatto

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224] [bhagavAna mahAvAra'isa kaThina uddharaNameM gorakha dhandhekese peca najara par3a rahe haiM vaha saMbhavataH niganya ( bhagavAna mahAvIra ) ke upadezakamakI nakala upahAsarUpameM prakaTa karaneke prayatna hai| jaoNnaralIsAhabane isake sAdhAraNa bhAvako grahaNa avazya kiyA hai, parantu unakA anuvAda bahuta svataMtra hai aura do zabdoMke sambandhame ayathArtha hai aura usase bhASAkI usa vicitratAkA digdarzana nahIM hotA jaisA vaha mUlameM hai / bAranapha sAhavane jo isakA bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai vaha vilkula viSayAntara hai / isa ' caturyAmasaMvara' meM pahilA to kA vizeSa prakhyAta niyama jalako grahaNa na karanA hai jisameM ve jIva khayAla karate haiM / (milinda 2,85-91). prA0 jaikobI sAhabane (jainasUtra 2 bhUmikA 23 ) inako bhagavAna pArzvanAthake cAra vrata khayAla kiye haiM parantu yaha kabhI bhI nahIM hosakte kyoki yaha uparoktase bilkula bhinna hai|" isa taraha isa kathanase yaha spaSTa hai ki pAzcAtya vidvAn abhItaka bauddhazAstrake isa jaina ullekhakA eka spaSTa bhAva nahIM batalA sake hai ataeva Aiye pAThakagaNa hama isa ulajhI gutthIko sulajhAnekA kiJcit prayAsa kara leN| jaina zAstropara dRSTi DAlanese hameM zrImadbhagavatasamantabhadrAcAryake prakhyAta graMtha 'ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra' meM eka jainamunikA svarUpa isa taraha batalAyA huA milatA hai (athedAnI zraddhAnagocarasya tapobhRtaH svarUpaM prarUpayannAha)-' "viSayAzAvazAtIto nirArambho'parigrahaH / jJAnadhyAnataporalastapasvI sa prazasyate // 10 // " 1 mA0 pra0 pRSTha 8.

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- bhaura ma0 buddha ] [ 225 - , isameM tapasvI athavA muni vaha batalAyA gayA hai jo viSayokI AzA aura AkAMkSA se rahita ho, ( viSayeSu samvanitAdiSvAzA AkAMkSA tasyA vazamadhInatA, tadatIto viSayAkAMkSA rahitaH 1); nirArambha ho, ( parityaktakRpyAdi vyApAraH / ); aparigrahI ho, ( bAhyAbhyantaraparigraharahitaH / ) aura jJAnadhyAnamaya tapako dhAraNa kare huye taporatna hI ho, (jJAnadhyAnatapAMsyeva ratnAni yasya etad - guNaviziSTo yaH sa tapastrI guru: 'prazasyate ' madhyate) / yahAM bhI nirgrantha munike cAra hI vizeSaNa batalAye gaye haiM / aba inakI tulanA jarA uparokta bauddha uddharaNase karake dekheM ki vastutaH kyA inhIM kA ullekha isameM kiyA gayA hai ? vauddha uddharaName pahile kahA gayA hai ki eka nirgrantha muni saba prakArake jalakhe vilaga rahatA hai / isakA bhAva yahI hai ki vaha AraMbhI Adi saba prakArakI hiMsA se dUra rahatA hai / jaina muni apane nimitta jala bhI svayaM grahaNa nahI karate: jisa samaya ve AhArake nimitta zrAvakake yahAM pahuMcate haiM, usa samaya zrAvaka svaya hI unake kamaNDaluko prAsuka jalase bhara detA hai / isalie yahApara bauddhagrantha unakI nirArambha avasthAko vyakta karatA hai, jaisA ki uparokta jaina zlokameM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / kevala antara itanA hai ki bauddhagrandhameM isako pahale ginA gayA hai aura jaina zlokameM dUsare nambarapara, parantu isa krama antarase mUla bhAvameM koI antara upasthita nahI hotA / uparAta bauddha uddharaName batalAyA hai ki ve 'saba pApase dUra rahate haiM' / yaha ThIka hI hai / ukta zloka meM pahile hI unako 'vipayAzAvazAtIto ' batA diyA hai / viSaya-vAsanAyeM hI pApa hai aura vaha unase rahita 15 -

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226] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrahaiM hii| isa taraha yaha dUsarA vizeSaNa bhI dono sthAnoMpara eka samAna milatA hai| tIsarA vizeSaNa bauddhazAstrameM batalAyA hai ki saba pApako unane dho DAlA hai ' isakA bhAva Abhyantara parigrahase bhI ve rahita hai, yahI hai / jainamuni bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM prakArake parigrahoMse rahita hote haiM / AbhyantaraparigrahamI jinake nahIM hai. unake pApakA bhabhAva hI hogA, pApa unake nikaTa chU bhI nahIM sattA / yahI bAta uparokta jaina zlokameM 'aparigrahI' vizeSaNase jAhira kIgaI hai| cauthA aura antima vizeSaNa bauddhagranthameM "pApavAsanAko rokakara pUrNa huye jIvana vyatIta karanA batalAyA hai| jIvanako jJAna, dhyAna, tapazcaraNameM lagAnese hI muni apane pUrNapaneko prApta hotA hai / zAMta jJAna-dhyAnamaya avasthAmeM pApAzravakA honA asaMbhava hai| vahAM saMvara hI saMbhAvya hai / isataraha cauthA vizeSaNa bhI dono sthaloMpara ekasA hI hai| ataeva bauddhagraMthake ukta ullekhakA bhAva vahI hai jo ukta di. jaina zlokameM batalAyA gayA hai| isaprakAra inakA bhAva zve0kI mAnyatAke anusAra bhagavAna pArzvanAthake cAra vrata nahIM ho sakate / khetAmbaroMke isa kathanakI puSTi uparokta gaiddha uddharaNase hotI batalAI jAtI hai| parantu aba hama dekhate hai ki yaha mithyA hai aura zvetAmbaroke isa kathanakA koI AdhAra zeSa nahIM hai| aba rahI dhAta ukta uddharaNameM vyavahRta 'gatano', 'yatatto' aura 'thitatto' zabdoMkI so bauddhAcArya 'sumagalavilAsinI' nAmaka TIkAne unakA bhAva nimnaprakAra spaSTa karate hai:-' 1 hisTorIkala glIningasa pRSTha 81 /

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 227 P 'gavatto - jisakA mana antako pahuMca gayA hai arthAt jisane apane uddezyako pA liyA hai / " yatatto - jisakA mana saMyamita hai / thitatto - jisakA mana khUba thira hogayA hai / ' ataeva ina bhAvoMko vyakta karanevAle ye vizeSaNoMkA jaina muniyoMkI prakhyAtike liye usa samaya pracalita honA bilkula saMbhava hai; kintu yaha avazya hai ki upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM hameM inakA vyavahAra kahIM naz2ara nahIM paDA hai / zAyada prayatnazIla hokara khoja karanepara agAdha jainasAhityameM inakA patA cala jAve ! itanepara bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki jo bhAva ina zabdoMkA batalAyA gayA usIke anusAra jainazAstroMmeM jainamuniyoMkA svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai / dekhiye IsAkI prathama zatAvdike vidvAn kundakundAcArya isa viSayameM nirUpaNa karate haiM: " jadhajAdarUvajAdaM uppADida kesamaMsugaM suddhaM / rahidaM hiMsAdIdo appAr3ikampaM havadi liMgaM // 5 // mucchAraMbhavijuta juttaM uvajoga joga suddhIhiM / ligaM Na parAvekSaM aNabhava kAraNaM jo ehaM // 6 // 2 pravacanasAra bhAvArtha- 'muniliMga nagna, sira va DAr3hI kezarahita, zuddha, hiMsAdi rahita, zRMgAra rahita, mamatA Arambha rahita, upayoga va yogakI zuddhi sahita, paradravyakI apekSA rahita, mokSakA kAraNa hotA hai / ' tathApi aura bhI kahA hai : - 'ihaloga NirAvekkho appadivaddho parammiloyammi /

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228] [bhagavAna mahAvArajuttAhAravihAro rahita kasAo have smnno|| 42 // bhAvArtha-'isaloka paralokakI icchArahita, kapAyarahita va yogya AhAravihAra sahita sAdhu hotA hai / ' zrI pUjyapAdasvAmIjI bhI apane 'iSTopadeza' granthameM nimna zlokoMdvArA munike ukta vizeSaNoMkA prAyaH samarthana karate haiM:_ 'abhavaJcittavikSepa ekAte tttvsNsthitiH| abhyasyedabhiyogena yogI tatvaM nijAtmanaH // 36 // bhAvArtha-jisake manameM kisI prakArakA vikSepa utpanna nahIM hotA arthAt nisakA mana thira hai aura jo AtmadhyAname sthira hocukA hai, aise hI sAdhuko ekAnta sthAnameM baiThakara apanI AmAkA avirala dhyAna karanA caahiye|' agADI aura batalAyA hai ki "bruvannApi na hi brUne gacchannapi na gacchati / sthirIkRtAtmatatvastu pacyannapi na pazyati // 41 // kimidaM kIdRzaM kasya kasmArakesa vizeSayan / khadehamapi nAvaiti yogI yogaparAyaNaH // 42 // " bhAvArtha-'jo apanI AtmAke jJAnameM khUba sthira hai, aisA hI yogI bolate bhI nahIM bolatA hai, calane hue bhI nahI calatA hai aura dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekhatA hai / aisA yogI jo apane AtmakharUpakI prAptimeM salagna hai vaha apane zarIra takake astitvase vijJa nahIM rahatA hai| vaha AtmA kyA hai ? usakA svabhAva kyA hai ? usakA svAmI kauna hai ? ityAdi praznoMse achUtA banA zAta rahatA hai| ina uddharaNose spaSTa hai ki jina vizeSaNoMkA vyavahAra cauddha pustakame kyiA gayA hai vaha nena zAstroke anusAra

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 229 bhI ThIka hai| isaprakAra ukta bauddha uddharaNakA abhiprAya spaSTa ho jAtA hai uparAnta 'mahAlIsutta' meM bauddhadharma ke dasa 'avyaktanI' bAtoza vivaraNa hai arthAt una siddhAntokA jinapara buddhane apanA koI aMta prakaTa nahIM kiyA hai / ina avyakta bAtomeM eka yaha bhI haiM ki 'AtmA vahI hai jo arIra hai athavA bhinna hai ?' yaha prazna manadissa parivrAjaka (Wanderol) aura dArupAttika (kASTa kamaNDala sahita manuSya ) ke ziSya jAliyane upasthita kiye the / vaha jAliya aura unake guru hameM jainamuni pratibhASita hote haiM; kyoMki jaina muniyoMke pAsa sadaiva kASTakA kamaNDalu aura pIchI hotI hai| tathA yaha prazna bhI jaina siddhAntakI apekSA mahatvakA | isake zradvAna para hI Atmonnati nirbhara hai / jenasiddhAntameM yaha 'bhedavijJAna' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / isaliye jAliya aura unake gurukA nainamuni honA spaSTa hai / phira 'kassapasIhanAda' suttameM jo jaina muniyoMkI kriyAoMkA ullekha hai, so usakA vivecana hama mUla pustakameM pahale aura anyatra kara cuke hai isaliye yahAM usako duharAnA ThIka nahIM hai / isake bAda ' potyapAda' suca hai / isameM samaNa ' potthapAda ' 1. dIrghanikAya (P. T..S.) bhAga 1 pRSTha 159. mUla isa prakAra :- "eka samayam bhagavA kosAmbIyam viharati ghositArAme / atha kho dve pavvajitA mandisto ca parivyAjako jAliyo ca dArupattika- antecAtI yena bhagavAtena upasaMskamitvA bhagavatA sadvim sammodisu, sammodanIyam katham sAraNIyam vIti sAretvA ekamantam asu / ekamanvam thitA kho dve pabbajitA bhagavantam evada avocumH 'kina nu kho Apa gotama tam jIvam tam sarIram udAhu bhannam jIvam annam sarIranati ? 2

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230] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrama0 buddhase kahatA hai ki "mahArAja, eka dIrghakAla pahile jaba amaNa aura brAhmaNa evaM anya AcArya, ekatrita hokara paraspara milate the, taba ekavAra ye santhAgArameM baiThe the ki viSaya dhyAnakA chir3a gayA aura antataH yaha prazna agAr3I AyA, 'phira mahAzayo; upayoga athavA saMjJA (Consciousness) kA anta kisataraha ho jAtA hai ? isake uttarameM potthapAda ve saba vivaraNa peza karatA hai ninako vividhamatapravartakoMne batalAyA thaa| unameM eka isaprakAra hai "isapara eka anyane kahA ki yaha aise nahIM hosaktAnase ki Apa kahate hai / upayoga athavA saMjJA, mahAzayo ! manuSyakI AtmA hai / yaha AtmA hI hai jo AtI aura jAtI hai / jaba eka manupyameM AtmA AnAtI hai taba vaha upayoga-saMjJAmaya honAtA hai aura jaba vaha calI jAtI hai taba vaha upayoga athavA saMjJArahita ho jAtA hai|" isataraha eka anyaloga upayogakIvyAkhyA karate haiN|' * aba yaha hamako mAlama hI hai ki nasiddhAntake anusAra AtmA upayogamaI padArtha hai aura usIke Ane jAnepara manupyakA paugalika zarIra saMjJA yA cetanAmaya aura saMjJA yA cetanA rahita hotA hai / isa avasthAmeM yahAM bahuta kama sthAna saMzayako raha nAtA hai ki jisa vyaktine isa siddhAntakA pratipAdana kiyA thA vaha jaina hI thA aura yaha bAda ma0 buddhase eka dIrghakAla pahile huA thA, isalie isase bhI jainadharmakA astitva ma0 buddhase bahuta pahalekA pramANita hotA hai| eka anya suttantameM kahA gayA hai ki niganya nAtaputta * dIpanikAya ( P. T. S.) bhAga 1. pR. 179 /

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-aura ma0 buddha [231 (bhagavAna mahAvIra) ke anusAra niganthake bhAva granthiyoMse muktake haiN.|' so ThIka hI hai; bAhyAbhyantara parigrahase rahita muni hote hI haiM / ve hI nirgrantha (nigantha) kahalAte haiM / anyatra kahA gayA hai ki ve anyoMkI apekSA tapazcaraNameM saralatA rakhate the| sacamuca paMcAgnitapanA, ulTe laTakanA ityAdi kAyadaNDarUpake tapako jaina heya dRSTise-dekhate haiM aura usako 'bAlatapa' athavA 'mithyAtapa' ThaharAte haiM, yaha hama pahile hI dekha cuke haiN| isalie bauddhoMkA yaha kathana ThIka hI hai / astu:___aba pAThakagaNa ! Aiye, bauddhoMke 'vinayapiTakapara bhI eka dRSTi DAla leM / vinayapiTakameM prakhyAt 'mahAvagga' grantha hai / isameM eka kathAnaka bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambandhameM hai| usase jainadharmakI vyApakatA usa samaya jo thI vaha prakaTa hai / yaha bAta Adhunika vidvAnoMko bhI mAnya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake sarvajJa honepara sarva prANiyoko hitakara unakA dharmopadeza pUrNarItise vajideza aura magadhameM vyApta hogayA. thaa| licchaviyoMmeM unake upAsaka adhika saMkhyAmeM the aura unameM aise bhI prabhAvazAlI manuSya the jo vaizAlImeM ucca aura pratiSThita padoMpara niyukta the / yaha bAta svayaM bauddha granthoke vivaraNoMse hI pramANita hai | astu; ukta mahAvaggameM eka sthalapara kahA gayA hai ki sIha (siMha) nAmaka licchaviyokA senApati bhI niganya nAtaputta (bhagavAna mahAvIra)kA ziSya thA / santhAgArameM samaNa gautamakI prazaMsA licchaviyomeM hote sunakara isa 1. Dialogues of Buddha, Vol, 11, pp. 74 75.' 2. pUrva pRSTa 221. 3. hisTaoNrIkala glIningesa pRSTha 83. 4. mahAvagga (S. B. B Vol. XVII.)-pRSTha 119,

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232 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra senApati sIhakA hRdaya buddhakI ora AkarSita huA thA / eka roja vizeSa prakhyAt licchavi ekatrita huye santhAgAra meM baiThe the ki ve Apasa meM buddha, unake dharma aura saMghakI prazasA vividha rItise karane . lage / usa samaya sIha bhI usa sabhAmeM baiThA huA thA / yaha saba sunakara vaha socane lagA ki ' sacamuca gautama samaNa avazya hI arhat buddha hoMge, taba hI to yahAMpara yaha ekatrita huye itane licchavi unakI, unake dharma aura saMghakI prazaMsA kara rahe hai / " isake upa rAnta sIhane nigantha nAtaputtase buddhake pAsa jAnekI AjJA mAMgI; jinhone unako aisA karane se manA kiyA aura buddha dvArA pratipAdita dharmakI kamalAiyAM prakaTa karate ve bole ki 'sIha ! tR karmoMke phala arthAt kriyAvAdameM vizvAsa rakhatA hai, isaliye samaNa gautamake pAsa jAkara kyA karegA ? jo karmoMke phalameM vizvAsa nahIM rakhatA hai, * akriyAvAdakA pratipAdana karatA hai aura isI dharmakI zikSA vaha apane ziSyoMko detA hai / " isapara sIhakI utkaNThA samaNa gautamake pAsa jAneko kucha dinoMke liye dUra hogaI kintu pUrvokta prakAra anya licchaviyoMke mukhase buddhakA bakhAna sunakara antata vaha ma0 buddhake nikaTa pahuMca hI gaye, jinhoMne eka lambA caur3A upadeza unako kiyA / isa upadezako sunakara bauddha kahate haiM ki sIha bauddha hogayA / bauddha hojAnepara sIhane buddha aura vauddhabhikSuoM ko apane yahAM AmaMtrita kiyA aura bAjAra se mAMsa lAkara unake liye bhojana banavAyA / isapara mahAvaggameM likhA hai ki jainiyone pravAda uThAyA aura 'eka bar3I saMkhyAmeM ve ( nirgrantha loga ) vaizAlImeM, sar3akara aura caurAhe caurAhe para yaha zora macAte daur3ate phire ki Aja W

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-pAra ma0 buddha] [233 senApati sIhane eka bailakA vadha kiyA hai aura usakA AhAra samaNa gautamake liye banAyA hai / samaNa gautama jAnabUjhakara ki yaha vela mere AhAra nimitta mArA gayA hai, pazukA mAMsa khAtA hai| isalie vahI usa pazuke mAraneke lie badhaka hai| hama apane jIvanake liye kabhI bhI jAnabUjhakara prANI vadha nahIM karate haiN|" tathApi isameM yaha ullekha hai ki jaba sIha bauddha hogayA tava ma0 buddhane unase kahA:___"For a long time, Siha, drink has been offered to tho Niganthos in your house. You should therefore decni it liglet (also ju tho future) to give them focd, when thoy como. ( to you on then ainaspingrimage ):-(Mahavagga VI. 31. II.) bhAvArtha-sIha / tumhAre yahAM dIrghakAlase niganyoko par3agAhA jAtA rahA hai isalie bhaviSyameM bhI tumheM unako AhAradAna denA cAhiye jaba ve usake nimitta aaveN| isa kathAnakameM nisa sIha athavA siMhakA varNana hai, usakA nAmollekha bhI hameM jaina zAstroMmeM dekhaneko nahIM milA hai| alabattA di. jainazAstra 'uttarapurANa' meM rAjA ceTakake jo putra batAe hai unameM eka 'sihabhadra' bhI hai| saMbhava hai, yahI licchaviyoMke senApati ho, kyoMki jaba inake pitA gaNarAjyameM pradhAnapada para AsIna the to unhoMne svabhAvataH apane putrako hI senApati padapara niyukta kiyA hogA kintu bauddhazAstrameM inake pitAke sambandhameM koI ullekha nahIM hai, tathApi ukta jainazAstrameM bhI inake viSayameM sivAya 1. uttarapurANa pRSTha 634 /

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234] [bhagavAna mahAvIranAmollekhake aura kucha vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai isa lie yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki yaha sIha athavA siMha kauna the ? aura. kyA vastutaH vaha bauddhadharmAnuyAyI hogaye the ? isako jAnaneke bhI - sAdhana prApta nahIM haiM / bauddhazAstra kahate haiM ki vaha antataH bauddha hogae the / jo ho, bauDagraMthake ukta vivaraNase yaha prakaTa hai ki bauddhadarzana usa samaya bhI akriyAvAdake rUpameM vikhyAt thA, usameM AtmAkA astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA thA aura jainadarzana kriyAvAda mAnA jAtA thA, vaha bhI dRSTavya hai / zve0 ke 'sUtrakatAGga (1 / 12 / 21) meM eka zramaNake liye yaha AjJA hai ki vaha kriyAvAdako bhI pratipAdana kara sakA hai / tathApi unake 'AcArAGga sUtra meM ( 14) isakI vyAkhyA isataraha kI hai| ki eka kriyAvAdakI AtmA, loka, karma aura karmaphalameM vizvAsa rakhatA hai|' kriyAvAdakI yaha vyAkhyA digambara siddhAntake bhI viruddha nahIM hai / isataraha usa samaya jo jainI kriyAvAdake rUpameM prakhyAt the, vaha ThIka hI hai| __ agAr3I jo ukta vivaraNameM niganyoMko vaizAlImeM daur3ate aura bauddhoMko lAJchana lagAte batAyA gayA hai, vaha jainiyoMke ahiMsA. siddhAntako vyakta karatA hai / jainadRSTise bAjArameM vikate hue DalIvata, mAMsako-grahaNa karanA bhI hiMsA hai| isI. bhAvako lekarave loga buddhake isa kRtyakI gaNanA duSkRtyameM karate vaizAlImeMvicara rahe pratIta hote haiM / yahAM siddhAnta bheda spaSTa hai.| antameM 1. janasatra (S. B. B.XLV.). bhUmikA- pRSTha 1612.. ratnakaraNDa (mA0-) pRSTa 41-43-1-~~

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-mA -aura ma0 vuddha] [235 ve kahate bhI haiM ki hama apane jIvana-rakSAke liye kabhI bhI jAna bUjhakara prANIbadha nahIM karate haiN|' ina niganthoke isa kathanase yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha nigantha-sAvaka (jenagRhastha) the| sacamuca bauddhagranthoMmeM kahI yaha zabda jainamunike liye vyavahRta huA milatA hai aura kahIM jaina zrAvakoMke liye / isalie isa zabdake yathArtha bhAvako grahaNa karanemeM hoziyArIse kAma lenA Avazyaka hai / yahA yaha vilkula hI saMbhava nahIM hai ki zAlImeM joM nigantha caurAhe 2 para daur3a rahe the ve jaina muni the, kyoMki janamuni rAgadveSase rahita hote haiM, yaha bAta svayaM bauddha graMthoMse pramANita hai| isa dazAmeM ve jainamuni nahIM ho sakte / tisapara unakA yaha kahanA 'hama apane jIvana-rakSAke lie bhI prANI vadha jAnabUjhakara nahIM karate' isameM koI saMzaya nahIM chor3atA ki yaha niganya gRhastha jainI the, kyoMki jainamuni apane bhojanake lie svayaM prabandha nahIM krtaa| bhojanakI phikara dvArApeSaNa rUpameM gRhasthaloga hI rakhate haiM aura vahI usake lie bhI prANI kya nahIM karate. haiM, ataeva yahAMpara 'nigantha' zabdakA bhAva nainanAvakose hai / - isake sAtha hI isa vivaraNase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki usasamaya bhI nainiyoMkI saMkhyA vaizAlI meM adhika thii| sIhakA dharmaparivartana jaisA ki bauddha kahate haiM buddhake aMtima samayameM huA thA isa kAraNa buddhake vAramvAra vahApara dharmapracAra karanepara bhI nainiyoMkI saMkhyA kama nahIM huI thii| tathApi ma0 buddha sIhase jo bhaviSyameM 1. mUAcAra pR0 3-11 2. dIgha0 mA0 1 pR0 179-62.. ____3. mUlAcAra 168-169 / . . - -

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236] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrabhI nirgrantha muniyoMko AhAra denekI AjJA kara rahe haiM usameM yaha zabda dRSTavya haiM ki sIhake gRhameM dIrghakAlase jainamuniyoM (nigraMthoM) ko par3agAhA jAtA rahA hai / isase bhI jainadharmakA astitva bauddha dharma athavA ma0 vuddhase prAcIna siddha hotA hai; kyoki jaba usakA astitva ma0 buddhase pahilekA hogA taba hI sIha bahuta pahilese jaina muniyoMko AhAradAna desakA hai| 'mahAvagga' meM uparoktake alAvA koI vizeSa ullekhanIya jaina vivaraNa nahIM hai| kintu usame evaM anyatra 'cullavagga' AdimeM jo 'titthiya' ke rUpameM sAdhuoMkA ullekha milatA hai, vaha hamArI samajhase bahuta kucha pArzvanAthanIkI ziSyaparamparAke muniyoMke liye lAgU hai / itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki 'titthiyagaNa' ma0 buddhase prAcIna sampradAyoMke sAdhu the parantu unameM prAcIna jainamuniyoMkA bhI ullekha usI rUpameM kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki jaina sampradAya ma0 vuddhase pahalekI pramANita hotI hai / ataeva ina ullekhoMko upasthita karake hama yaha dekhanekA prayatna kareMge ki vaha kisa taraha prAcIna jainamuniyose sambandha rakhate haiM / 'mahAvagga meM eka sthAnapara ninna ullekha hai: at that time the Bhikkhus conferred tho Upasampadil ordination on persons that had Deither alms-bovl nor robes Thcy went out for alws baked and (received alios) with their hands. People wro annoyed, murmared and became angry, saying, 'Like I'be Titthiyas, 1.70 3.2" 1. hisTorIkala gThInigma pRSTha 11-12. 2. Vinaya Tests. S. B. E Vol. XIII. P.223. - - -

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [237 - ina uddharaNomeM bhikSuodvArA una logoMko apane matameM dIkSita karanekA ullekha hai jinake pAsa na bhikSApAtra thA aura na vastra the / unhoMne nagnadazAmeM hI jAkara apane hAthomeM bhojana gRhaNa kiyaa| isapara, vauddhAcArya kahatA hai ki logoMne unakA apavAda kiyA aura kahA 'yaha to titthiyoMkI taraha karate hai / ' aba yaha spaSTa hI hai ki jainamuni AhAra hAthakI aMjulimeM lete hai aura ve nagna rahate hai / na unake pAsa bhikSApAtra hotA hai aura na vastra hote hai / isa avasthAme yahAM jo yaha kriyA titthiyoMkI batalAI hai, to yaha titthiya jainamuni honA caahiye| ___ - isake sAtha hI yaha bhI dRSTavya hai ki yaha usa samayakA varNana hai jaba ma0 buddhane apane 'madhyamArga' kA pracAra prArambha hI kiyA thA aura ve apanI sampradAyake AcAra, niyama Adi niyata karate jArahe the / isa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra chadmastha the aura unhone apane dharmakA pracAra karanA prAraMbha nahIM kiyA thA, yaha bAta hama apanI mUla pustakameM pahale dekha cuke haiN| isa kAraNa yaha spaSTa hai ki ye jainamuni, jinakA ullekha titthiyarUpameM kiyA / gayA hai bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMghake muniyoMse pahaleke jainamuni haiM, arthAt pArzvanAthanIkI ziSyaparaMparAke muni haiN| unakA ullekha 'titthiya' rUpameM karanA hI unako bhagavAna mahAvIrase pahalekA pramANita karatA hai / ataeva isa uddharaNase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI zipyaparaMparAke muni bhI nagna rahate the aura hAthoMmeM 1. anyatra bauddha uddharaNase yaha vAta pramANita hai (pRSTha 18) tisapara mUlAcAra (pRSTha 1 aura 244) dRSTavya hai / 2. pRSTa. '

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238 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra - hI AhAra grahaNa karate the, jaisI ki digaMbara jaina sampradAyakI -mAnyatA hai / zvetAmbaroMke 'uttarAdhyayana sUtrameM ' jo bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI ziSyaparaMparA ke muniyoMkA mela bhagavAna mahAvIrabhIke saMghase huA batalAyA gayA hai, vaha kucha ucita nahIM jaMcatA hai / yahAM zvetAmbarAcArya prAcIna muniyoMko vastradhArI batalAte haiM aura unake vrata cAra hI pragaTa karate haiM / brahmacarya kA samAveza prathama vratameM kiyA huA batalAyA gayA hai / kintu yaha bAta hamAre uparokta bauddha uddharaNake vivecanase bAdhita hai aura vaha svayaM zvetAMvarazAstroMke anya kathanoMkI samAnatAmeM ucita nahI jaMcatI hai / hama pahale hI dekha cuke haiM ki zve 0 ke AcArAGgasUtra meM sarvotkRSTa sAdhu avasthA nagna batalAI gaI hai aura tIrthaGkarapada sarvocca pada hai, ataeva sarvoccapada para AsIna tIrthakara bhagavAna hI jaba sarvotkRSTa niyamakA pAlana nahIM kareMge taba phira aura- kauna karegA ? phira jarA yaha bhI socanekI bAta hai ki jaba vizeSa puNyamaI avasara arthAt karmayuga prAraMbha meM svayaM RSabhadevane aba nagnatAko mokSa prAptimeM Avazyaka mAnA thA aura usI rUpako dhAraNa kiyA thA, jaise ki zvetAMvarazAstra prakaTa karate haiM, to naphara uparAMtake puNyahIna kAlameM isakI AvazyaktA kyoM ghaTa gaI ? aura phira bhagavAna mahAvIrane usakA pratipAdana punaH kyoM kiyA ? yadi mAna liyA jAya ki bIcake muni vastra dhAraNa karate the to 8 - - 1. jaina sUtra (S. BE ) bhAga 2 pRSTha 121. 2. jaina-sU0 bhAga 2 pRSTa 50-55. 3. jainasUtra ( S. B. R ) bhAga 1 puSTha 26-284

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-aura ma0 yuddha ] [239 phira vaha kyoM usa sugama mArgako tyAgakara kaThina mArgako grahaNa karate? usa dazAmeM to ma0 buddhakA madhyamArga unake liye pryaapt-thaa| tisapara yadi yahI sugamatA pahalese zramaNasampradAyameM pracalita hotI to ma0 buddha eka alaga sugama vastradhArI saMpradAya kisa liye sthApita karate? isake sAtha hI yadi yaha prabheda vAstavameM thA to phira jainadharmakI vaha mAnyatA kahAM rahI ki usakA sanAtanarUpa eka samAna hai ? tisapara isa ghaTanAkA ullekha zve0 ke uttarAdhyayanasUtrake atirikta kisI prAcIna granthameM nahIM hai aura aura yaha uttarAdhyayanasutra agabAhya racanA hai|' isa dRSTimeM isake kathanapara sahasA vizvAsa nahI kiyA jAsaktA / usakA kathana AcArAMgasUtrake aura bauddhazAstroMke ukta kathanake pratikUla hai / tisapara usameM jo kSullaka adhikArake bAda ailaka nAmaka adhikAra diyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki prAcIna krama sAdhu dazAkA kSullaka, ailaka aura phira acelaka nimrantharUpa thA / zve0 AcAryane yahAM yadyapi kSullaka, ailakakA ullekha kiyA hai parantu unane ailakakA artha eka 'bher3a (Ram)se kiyA hai aura usake udAharaNase sAdhuko zikSA* dI hai| khe0 zAstroke ina ullekhoMse spaSTa hai ki zve. AcAryoMse parokSarUpameM 'prAcIna mArgakA ullekha karake apaneko lAMchita honese bacA liyA hai aura unakI ina saba bAtoMse muniyokA acelaka veSa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / isa dazAmeM bhagavAna pArzvanAthajIkI paramparAke muni nagnAvasthAmeM rahate the yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai / rahA cAra vratoMkA 1. sArthasUtram (S. B. J ) bhAga 2 pRSTha 17. * uttarA dhyayanasUtra (UPSALA Ed) pR. 88-8.

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240] [bhagavAna mahAvAraullekha usakA vivecana hama pahale kara cuke haiN| uparokta uddharaNoMke atirikta 'mahAvagga' meM nimnake parokSa jaina ullekha aura milate haiM - . 1 "At that time the Parbbajnkas belonging to Titthiya schools assembled on the fourteenth, fifteenth and eighth day of each half month and recited their Dhamma, The people went to them in order to hear the Dhamma. They rere filled with favour towards and were filled with faith in the Paribbajakas belonging to Titthiya schcols, The Paribbajakas belonging-to Tittbiga School gained adheronts "l II, I, I. - 2 "How can these Sakyaputtiya Samnas go on their travels alike during rioter, summer and the rainy season? They crush the green heb', they irurt Vegetable life, they destroy the life of mauy small liviug things. Shall the ascet.cs who belong to Totthiya Schcols,...) etile during the rainy season etc.': III, 1,2. 3. "Let no one, O Bhikkhus, take upon himself the vos of silence, as the Tittligas do. He who dces, commits a dukhata nffence."s IV, 1,13. __pahale uddharaNa meM tithiyoke sAdhuoMkA yaha niyama batalAyA hai ki ve pratipakSakI aSTamI, caturdazI aura pUrNamAsIko ekatrita 1. Vinayn Tests S. B. I XIII. p. 239. 1 2. Itd. p 238. 3. Ibrd p. 328. -

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:-aura ma0 buddha .. [241 hokara apane dharmakA pATha karate haiM jisako sunakara sAdhAraNa janatA unakI upAsaka banatI hai / yaha niyama bhI jainamuniyoMse lAgU hai kyoMki jaba parva dinoMmeM zrAvakoke liye hI yaha upadeza hai ki ve mumukSujanoMko dharmAmRtakA pAna karAveM to muniyoke lie to isakA abhyAsa karanA paramAvazyaka honAtA hai| tathApi yaha uddharaNa bhI ma0 buddhake prAraMbhika jIvanakA hai jaba ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA upa-- deza prAraMbha nahIM huA thA isalie yaha niyama bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI ziSyaparaparAmeM bhI mAnya thA yaha spaSTa hai, jaisI ki jainiyoMkI mAnyatA hai / uparokta uddharaNomeM avazeSakA bhI yahI hAla hai| dUsaremeM zAkyaputtIya (bauddha) samaNoke bAremeM kahA gayA hai ki ve kisa taraha varSARtumeM bhI yatratatra vicaraNa karate hai aura harita kiloM, vanaspatikAya aura bahutase sukSmajIvokI hisA karate haiM; paraMtu titthiyasapake sAdhuloga varSARtu eka sthAnapara rahakara manAte hai| isa niyamake bAremeM kucha kahanA hI phijUla hai / cAhe koI jainasAdhuoko isakA 'abhyApta karate Aja dekha saktA hai / athaca isameM jo harita, vanaspatikAya aura sUkSmajIvoMkI hisAkA kAraNa diyA hai vaha jaina varNanase vilkula ThIka baiTha jAtA hai| jainazAstra bhI varSARtumeM inhIkI hiMsAse bacaneke lie caturmAsa eka niyata sthAna para karanekA upadeza karate hai / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki yahAM jina titthiya sAdhuoMkA ullekha hai vaha prAcIna jainasAdhu hI the / samaNa saMpradAyameM ve hI isa niyamakA pAlana pahilese kara 1. ralakaraNDa ( mA0 caM0 pra0 ) pRSTha 77. 2. mUlAcAra pR0 93-9" aura 290-2930

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242 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra rahe the| tIsare uddharaNameM bauddha bhikSuoMko maunavrata pAlana karanekI manAI kI gaI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki isa niyamakA pAlana to titthiya' karate haiM / jainasAdhuoMke lie maunavrata pAlana karanekA vidhAna hai' isa dazAmeM yahAM bhI bauddhAcArya 'titthiya' zabdakA prayoga prAcIna jainasAdhuoMke liye kara rahe hai / isake atirikta eka anya ullekha 'mahAvagga'' meM isa prakAra hai: ? Many Tittbiyas saw Mendaka the house'holder ( of Bhaddiya ) as he was coming from afar; and when they had seen him, they said to Mendaka the householder : 'whither, O honseholder, are you going ?' 'I am going, sirs, to visit the Blessed One, the Samana Gotame. ' * But why, O householder, do you, being & Kiriya - Vadi, go out to visit the Blessed One, who is an Akiriya Vadi ! For O householder, the Samana Gotama, who is an Akiriya-Vadi teaches Dhamma without the doctrine of action." Vol. 34, 12/13. "I isameM kahA gayA hai ki titthiyoMne meMDaka nAmaka gRhasthako Ate dekhakara usase pUchA ki vaha kahA jArahA hai ? uttarameM jaba usane kahA ki maiM zramaNa gautamake pAsa jA rahA hUM to unhoMne kahA ki tU kriyAvAdI hokara unake pAma kyoM jA rahA hai ? vaha to akriyAvAdI hai aura karmavAdake vinA hI upadeza detA hai / 1. pU0 pR0 135. 2. Viraya Texts. S. B. E. pUrva Vol. XIII. P. 125.

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 243 hama Upara sIhake sambandhameM dekha cuke haiM ki jainamuni athavA jainI cauddhagraMthoM meM kriyAvAdI ke rUpase paricita haiM / ataeva yahAMpara jo titthiya sAdhu kriyAvAdakA pakSa le rahe haiM aura meMDaka gRhasthako buddhake pAsa jAne meM alAbha batalA rahe haiM, ve avazya hI jaina sAdhu haiM / tathApi inakA ullekha nigandhoM ke nAmase na kiyA jAkara jo "titthiya' ke nAmase kiyA jA rahA hai, isakA vahI kAraNa hai ki ye bhagavAna mahAvIrakI ziSyaparaMparAse pahaleke jaina muni the / isake sAtha hI anya samaNoMkA ullekha bhI jo kahIM muzkilase ekAdha jagaha isI ' titthiya ' zabda dvArA kiyA gayA hai, usakA kAraNa yahI hai, jaise ki hama mUla pustakake prathama pariccheda meM batalA cuke haiM ki ve saba bhagavAna pArzvanAthake divyopadezake uparAnta unake 'tIrtha' meMse utpanna huye the / isI kAraNa una samaNalogoMke siddhAnta bhI jainadharma se sAdRzya rakhate haiM athavA usake siddhAntoke vikratarUpa hI haiM / ataeva ' mahAvagga' meM jo titthiya - sAdhu ' haiM unako prAcIna jainasAdhu samajhanA ThIka hai / 'cullavagga' meM bhI 'titthiya' sAdhukA ullekha eka sthalapara nimnarUpameM AyA hai: "Now at that time the Bhikkhus went on their round for alms, carrying water-jugs made -out of gourds or water pots. People murmured, were shocked, and indignant saying, As the Titthiyas do' V, 10, 1." 6 isameM bauddhasAdhuoMke bAremeM kahA gayA hai ki ve AhAra 1. Ibid. P. 88.

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- 244] [bhagavAna mahavoranimitta jaba jAte the taba ve jala rakhaneke baratana sAthameM le jAne lage / loga kahane lage ki yaha to titthiyoMkI taraha karate haiN| yahAM bhI titthiya zabdakA vyavahAra jainasAdhuke lie huA pratIta hotA hai / jainasAdhu jaba AhArake lie jAte haiM taMba ve kamaNDalu, (prAsuka jalake lie baratana) aura pIchI sAthameM rakhate hai| isataraha jahAM bhI cauDagraMthoMme 'titthiya' zabdakA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai vahAM usakA bhAva jainamunise hI pramANita hotA hai, jaisA ki hama dekhate haiM / aura isa zabdakA vyavahAra jo 'nigantha zabdake sAtha kiyA gayA hai usakA bhAva yahI hai ki vaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMghase pahaleke jainamuniyoM ke liye vyavahRta huA hai| aba rahA ' abhidhamma' piTaka so isake granthoMko dekhanekA avasara hameM nahIM milA hai aura hama unake sambandhameM kucha kaha bhI nahIM sakte hai / anumAnataH unameM jaina ullekhokA honA bahuta kama samavita hai to bhI 'cullanisa' meM kahA gayA hai ki 'nirgrantha zrAvakoMke devatA nirghanya haiN| (niganTha sAvakAnAm niganTho devatA) isa taraha bauddhoMke piTakagranthomeM hama jaina ullekhokA digdarzana karate hai| inake atirikta azokake uparAMtakA racA huA vauddhasAhitya bhI bahuta hai / usameM bhI dekhanese hameM jena ullekha mila jAte hai| isI anurUpa AryasurakI ' jAtakakathAoM meM bhI hameM jaina ullekha milate hai| unakI 'ghaTakathA' meM, jahAM madirApAnake niSedhakA vivecana hai, kahA gayA hai:--- * 1. mUlAcAra pR. 130. 2. pRSTha 173-104 / 3 S, B. Br Vol IP.145.

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [245 "Even the bashful lose shame by drinking it and will have done with the trouble and res. traint of diess; unclothed like Nirgranthas, they will walk boldly on the highway crowded with people. >> - arthAt-isake pInese lajjAvAna bhI lajjAko kho baiThate haiM aura vastroMke kaSTo aura bandhanoMse vilaga hokara nirgranthoMkI taraha nagna hokara ve janasamUhakara pUrNa rAjamArgoMpara calate haiN| yahAM jainamunikI nagna dazApara kaTAkSa kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI jaina muniyoMkA nagna honA spaSTa hai| 'bAveru jAtaka' meM ma0 buddhake atirikta anya chaha matapravartakokI upamA, jinameM bhagavAna mahAvIrako bhI ginA gayA hai, usa kauvese dI gaI hai jo apanI pratiSThAsundara morake Anepara kho baiThA ho| yahAM mora ma0 buddha batAye gaye haiM aura TIkAkArane kauvekI samAnatA bhagavAn mahAvIrase kI hai| (tadA kAko niganTho nAtaputto)' isa vidveSabhAvakA bhI kahIM ThikAnA hai| sacamuca vauddhoMko bhagavAn mahAvIrake dharmapracArase vizeSa hAni sahanI par3I thI, isIlie ve unakA ullekha isa taraha kara rahe haiM / isa sAMpradAyikatAke viSavIjane hI antameM bhAratako pIDAkI bhaTTImeM lA rakkhA hai, yaha spaSTa hai| isI tarahakA eka anya ullekha eka anya jAtakameM hai| vahAM likhA hai ki acelaka (nagna) nAtaputtane dhokhese buddhako paMkI huI machalI khAneko dI aura buddhane use khA lI; taba nAtaputtane unapara pApopArjana karanekA lAJchana lagAyA aura kahA ki "zaTha cAhe 1. bhAjIvarasa bhAga 1 pR0 16 /

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- 246] [ bhagavAna mahAvAramArakara, pakAkara khAneko bhale hI de, para jo use khAtA hai vaha pApI hai|" buddhane uttarameM kahA ki "zaTha dAnake lie bhale hI patnI va putrakA vadha kare, para sAdhu usa mAMsake khAnese pApalipta nahIM hotA (jAtaka bhA02 pRSTha 182) yahAMpara jaina aura bauddha ahiMsAke prabhedako prakaTa karanemeM kisa nIcatAse kAma liyA hai, yaha spaSTa hai / isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki buddha mAMsa khAte the aura usake khAneme pApa nahIM samajhate the ! jaba ki bhagavAna mahAvIra jAnabUjhakara mAranA aura mAMsa bhakSaNa karanA pApakA kAraNa batalAte the| yahI bAta telovAda jAtaka' se bhI pramANita hai| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki bauddha bhikSu sAMthAgArameM ikaTThe hue kaha rahe the ki 'nAtaputta muMha car3hAye yaha kahate jArahe haiM ki buddha jAnabUjhakara khAsa unake lie pakAye gae mAMsakA bhakSaNa kara rahe haiN|' yaha sunakara buddhabole ki 'bhikSuo, yaha bAta pahalI daphehIkI nahIM hai balki nAtaputta isase pahale bhI kaI daphe khAsa mere lie pake hue mAMsako mere bhakSaNa karanepara AkSepa kara cuke haiM / (jAtaka-kAvela bhAga 240 182) isapara DaoN. vimalacaraNa laoN0 kahate haiM ki 'isa varNanase spaSTa hai ki ma. buddhane bharasaka prayatna bha0 mahAvIrako nIcA dikhAneke lie kiye the|' (sama kSatriya chainsa oNpha enziyenTa iMDiyA pR0 125) kintu durbhAgyase vaha isameM saphala nahIM hue yaha pratyakSa pragaTa hai|| ___anyatra bauddhagranthoMke AdhArase bhagavAna mahAvIrako karmasiddhAMtakA pratipAdaka batAyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki karmoko nAza karaneke lie mokSamArgapara pahuMcane taka bIcake pathameM putra aura. pautrAdikA janma ina jIvoMke hojAtA hai| phira vaha mokSamArgako

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-Ara ma. buddha] [247 pAte haiM / ( Rockhill, Life of the Buddha P. 259.) isase varNAzrama 'siddhAMtakA bodha hotA hai ki brahmacaryAzramase gRhasthAzramameM pahuMcakara putrAdikA sukha bhogakara jIva vAnaprastha aura sanyAsa AzramoMmeM mokSamArgapara laga jAtA hai / isa ullekhase isa siddhAntakI prAcInatA spaSTa hai / 'divyAvadAna' ke bhI eka ullekhameM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI gaNanA' anya pAMca matapravartakoM ke sAtha 2 kI gaI hai| tathApi anyatra isI granthameM jaina muniyoM kI nagnAvasthApara AkSepa kiyA gayA hai| yathAH 'katham sa buddhimAna bhavati puruSo vyjnynaavitH| lokasya pazyato yo'yam grAMme carti nagnakaH // yasyAyam IdRzo dharmaH purasatAla lambate dazA / tasya vai zravaNau rAjA kSurapreragAvakrintatu // " __ aura phira isI granthameM ma0 buddhakI AtmaRddhi dvArA niganyA nAtapusake parAsta honekI zekhI mArI gaI hai / (divyAyadAna 10 143). . uparAnta 'milindapanha' meM bhI katipaya jaina ullekha hamAre dekhane Aye haiM / yaha bauddhagrantha IsAse pUrva dusarI zatAbdikI racanA hai / prAraMbhameM hI jo usameM yaha kathAnaka diyA huA hai ki pAMcasau - yoMkAoM (yUnAniyoM) ne Akara rAjA milinda athavA menenDara ( Menander') se niganya nAtaputta ( bhagavAnA 1. pRSTa 143.2. divyAvadAne pRSTa 19 . the Questions... of Milinda, S. B. E. Vol. XXAV., P. 8. .

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248] [ bhagavAna mahAvIramahAvIra ) ke pAsa calane aura unake nikaTa apanI zaMkAoMko hala karaneke liye kahA, usase prakaTa hai ki IsAse pUrva dUsarI zatAbdimeM jaba yUnAnI loga bhAratake sImAprAnta para basa gaye the tava unameM bhI jainadharmakA praveza hogayA thA | milinda-panhameM yahAM jo svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoki 'milindapanha' se prAcIna vauddhagranthomeM bhagavAnako ajAtazatrukA samakAlIna likhA hai / astu; yahAM vizeSa dRSTavya yaha hai ki kevala yUnAniyoke sAdhAraNa manuSyomeM hI-jainadharmakI mAnyatA ghara nahIM kara gaI thI balki vividha kAraNoMvaza hameM yaha vizvAsa humA hai ki svaya yUnAnI samrAT milinda bhI kisI samaya avazya hI jainadharmAnuyAyI rahe the / isa vauDagrathameM unakI rAjadhAnImeM anya samaNoMkA prabhAva varNita kiyA hai aura rAjA milindako eka mithyAtvIkI bhAMti cauddhadharmapara AkramaNa karate likhA hai tathA cauDa ziSya nAgasenako use parAsta karaneke liye bhejA gayA akita kiyA hai / ina nAgasena aura rAnA milindameM jo vAda huA thA, usameM jaina mAnyatAkI jhalaka nanara par3a rahI hai| AtmAkA astitva, chaha iMdriyAM, jalameM jIva, nirvANa AdikA pratipAdana jo unhoMne kiyA hai vaha ThIka jaina dharmake anusAra hai / ataeva isameM koI Azcarya nahIM ki rAnA milinda jaina dharmAnuyAyI ho / anyatra isa sambandhameM vistRta vivecana dekhanA cAhiye / sacamuca jaba jana samrAT caMdraguptakA vivAha sambaMdha taka yUnAnI rAjA selyUkasakI putrIse huA thA aura sikandaraAjama apane sAtha jaina muniyoMko le 1 'vIra' 2 pRSTha 413. 2. bhAratake sacIna rAjavaMza. , - - -

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-aura ma0 vuddha ] [249 gayA thA' to yaha bilkula saMbhava hai ki jainadharmakA pracAra yUnAnavAsiyoMmeM vizeSa hogayA ho| isa vyAkhyAkI prAmANikatAkA vizvAsa isa kAraNa aura hotA hai ki yUnAnI vidvAnoMkI zikSA nainA dharmase bahuta sAdRzya rakhatI hai / unake tatvavettA parraho (Pyrrho) ne svayaM jainamuniyoMke nikaTase tAtvika zikSA grahaNa kI thI isa paristhitimeM vizeSa anusandhAna yadi kiyA jAya to yUnAnameM jainadharmakI vyApakatAkA vizeSa patA laganA saMbhavita hai| . uparoktake uparAnta 'milindapanha' meM jainiyoMkI jala sambandhI mAnyatAkA ullekha hai ki jalameM bhI jIva hotA hai / rAjA milinda kahate hai ki jalameM bhI jIva hotA hai aura use ve vividha rItise pramANita karate hai; kintu uttarameM nAgasena kahate haiM ki 'nahIM, rAjana, jalame koI jIva nahIM hai| yaha jainiyokI mAnyatAkA spaSTa ullekha hai / isake atirikta isa granthameM koI ullekha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai| bauddhasAhitya agAr3I 'dhammapadatyakathA' meM bhI jaina ullekha milate hai / eka sthalapara (bhAga 2 10 434-447) usameM zrAvastIke zrIgupta aura garahadinnakI kathA likhI hai / zrIgupta bauddhamatI thA aura garahadinna eka jaina thA / garahadinnake nirgrantha guruoMko bauddha batalAte hai ki ve saba kucha jAnate the| unake jJAnase agocara koI padArtha zepa nahIM hai / bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAnako saba bAteM aura mana, vacana, kAyika saba karma tathA jo kucha honI aura 1. "jaina. siddhArata bhAskara" kiraNa 2-3 pRSTha 9. 2. mUla pustaka. pR0 26-27. 3. Milinda, S. B.E. XXXV. P. 85. - -

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250] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraanahonI hai, vaha saba ve jAnate haiN| agADI isa bauddha kayAmeM likhA hai ki garahadinake anurodhase zrIguptane jainamuniyoMko AhAranimitta nimaMtrita kiyA aura apane gharameM do gaDhe miSThA Adise bharavAkara DhakavA diye aura jAhirA aisA utsava kiyA ki mAno yaha bar3e ThAThase jainamuniyoM (Wanderers) ko AhAra derahA hai| niyata kAlameM saba hI niryanya sAdhu usake yahAM pahuMce batalAye haiM / usa zrIguptake kahaneke mutAbika unako apanA2 baratana lekara alagara baiTha jAnA aura phira miSThAse bhare gar3he meM gira jAnA likhA hai|grhdinko ina samAcAroMse bar3A duHkha huA aura rAnAse kahakara usane zrIguptako daNDita kraayaa| Akhira garahadinnane bhI buddhako nIcA dikhAneke liye unako AmaMtrita kiyA aura apane gharameM eka gameM rAkha bharavAkara use kapar3ese DhakavA diyA / bauddha kahate haiM ki buddhane apane jJAnabalase garahadinakI yaha kArastAnI jAna lI, parantu unako 'antardRSTi dilAneke artha ve bhikSuoM sahita AhAke lie usake yahAM cale Aye aura apane prabhAvase bhikSuoMsahita bharapeTa AhAra kiyA aura sabako dharmakA upadeza diyaa| kautUhalase bahutasI bhIr3a vahAM ho gaI aura buddhako isa prakAra AnaMdapUrvaka dekhakara ve una buddhako pUjya dRSTi se dekhane lage | bahutere manuSyoMko bauddhadharmameM vizvAsa huA aura ve usake dharmako sunakara bar3e harSita huye| zrIgupta aura garahadina arhata hogaye / "" ... bauDagranthakI isa kathAmeM jainamuniyoMko nIcA dikhAnekA kaTu bhAva otaprota bharA dRSTigocara' horahA hai / isa kathAnakameM .. hisTArIkala glIninyasa pR0 09-81 /

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-aura-ma0 buddha [251 kitanA tathya hai yaha isIse pramANita hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki jaina-- zAstromeM cauddhabhikSuoMke sambandhame jo eka aisI hI kathA hameM milatI hai, usa hIke uttarameM yaha kathA buddhaghoSako gar3hanekI AvazyaktA par3I hai| jaina kathAmeM samrATa zreNika aura unakI paTTarAMnI cenIkA sambandha hai / rAnA ceTakakI putrI jaina thI aura zreNika bauddha the kintu apane patiko bhI jinendrabhakta banAneke lie rAjA ceTakakI putrI celanIne bauddha bhikSuoko nimaMtrita kiyA thA, malina padArtha jahAM gar3he huye the vahAM unheM baiThAyA, parantu unheM isaghAtakAbhAna nahIM huA aura phira unhIMke jUtoMke Tukar3e karake bhojanameM unheM khilA diye, parantu taba bhI unheM kucha jJAna nahIM huaa| isa taraha samrAT zreNikako apane guruoMkI sarvajJatAko pramANita karanemeM asaphalatA dekhanI pdd'ii| phira zreNikane kisa taraha isakA badalA jainamuniko trAsa dekara liyA tathA unakI sahanazIlatA dekhakara use jainadharmameM prIti huI phira bhI vaha bauddhoke kahanese bauddha rahA aura antataH bhagavAna mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM use jainadharmakA kSAyikasamyaktva prApta huA ye saba bAteM jainazAstromeM varNita haiM / isI jaina varNanake uttarameM bauddha granthameM ukta prakAra kathA dI gaI ho to koI Azcarya nahIM ! sacamuca yaha kathA jainiyoMkI ukta kathAke uttarameM likhI gaI thii| isakA yahI pramANa hai ki dveSase prerita bauddha AcArya jainamuniyoMkI caryAka viruddha bhI kathana kara gaye hai / jainamuni kabhI bhI nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahI karate, ve khaDera hI bhojana grahaNa karate hai, ye bAteM svayaM bauddhagraMthoMse pramANita haiM parantu phira bhI yahAMpara- kahA gayA, 1. aNika caritra / - -

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- - 252] [ bhagavAna mahAvIrahai ki jainamuniyoMko pahale hI nimaMtrita kiyA gayA thA aura unheM eka sthAnapara baiThaneke liye Asana diyA gayA thA / ataeva isameM saMzayako sthAna nahIM rahatA ki bauddhAcAryane ukta jainakathAke uttarameM yaha managaDhanta kathA raca DAlI thI aura isa rUpameM isakA mahatva kucha bhI nahIM hai / IsAkI 6 vI 7vIM zatAvdiyomeM pArasparika vidveSa khUba jora pakar3e hue thA / usI samayakI yaha racanA hai| isa kAraNa isa taraha bhI vaha vizvasanIya nahI hai| isI cauddhagranthameM eka anya kathA bhI isI daMgakI dI huI hai' usameM kahA gayA hai ki aMga rAjyake bhaddiyanagarameM rahanevAle menDakaseThIke putra dhanaMjaya seThIkI putrI vizAkhA thii| menDakaseThIkA parivAra ma0 buddhakA ananya bhakta thA / dhanaMjayaseThI kauzalake rAjA yasenadIke kahanese unakI rAjadhAnI sAketameM jArahe ! vizAkhAkA vivAha migAraseThIke putra punavaDanase hogayA thaa| migAra seThI niganthoMkA bhakta thA / vivAhoparAMta vizAkhAkI vidA zvasuragRhako zrAvastI hogii| eka divasa migAra seThIne 600 digambara jaina muniyoM (nirgranthoM)ko AmaMtrita kiyA aura jaba ve Agae to unane apanI vahUse una arhatoM (sAdhuoM)ko praNAma karaneke liye khaa| .ahato (sAdhuo)kI bAvata sunakara vaha bhagI AI aura unheM dekhakara volI, "aise bezarama vyakti arahata (sAdhu) nahIM hosakte ? mere zvasurane vRthA hI mujhe kyoM bulAyA ?" isa taraha apane zvasurapara lAMchana lagAkara vaha calI gii| nagna niganthoMne isapara roSa kiyA aura seThIse use gharase vAhira nikAla deneke liye kahA kyoMki 1. visAkhAvatyU (P. T. S.Vol, I) bhAga 2 pRSTa 384 ! .

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- aura ma0 buddha ] - [ 253 vaha samaNa gautamakI bhakta thI kintu seThIke lie aisA karanA sambhava nahI thA, isalie usane kSamA yAcanA karake unheM vidA kiyA / isa ghaTanA ke uparAMta seThI bahumUlya Asanapara baiThA soneke kaTorese madhumizrita dUdha pIrahA thA aura vizAkhA pAsa meM khar3I paMkhA jhala rahI thiiN| usI samaya eka vauddha bhikSu vahAM Akhar3A huA / . kintu seThIne usakI ora dhyAna bhI nahIM diyA / yaha dekhakara vizAkhAne usa thera (bhikSu) se kahA, "mahArAja, anya gharako jAie; mere zvasurajI azuddha vAsI padArtha grahaNa kara rahe haiM / " isapara vaha zreSThI bahuta nArAja huaa| usane usI samaya dUdha pInA baMda karake naukarose kahA ki vizAkhAko mere gharase nikAla bAhara karo / . isapara vizAkhA ne kahA ki mere aparAdhakI bhI to parIkSA kara lIjie | seThIne yaha bAta mAna lI aura usake riztedAroM ko bulAkara unase kahA ki jaba mai dugdhapAna kara rahA thA taba vizAkhAne bauddha . bhikSuse kahA ki mai azuddha vAsI padArtha grahaNa kara rahA hUM / vizAkhAke riztedArone isa bAtakI hakIkata daryAphta kI / vizAkhA ne kahA ki usane yaha bAta kahI hI nahI / usane kevala yahI kahA thA ki usake zvasura apane pUrvabhava ke puNyakA phala bhoga rahA hai / isaprakAra vizAkhAne apane aparAdhako nirmUla pramANita kara diyA / jaba vaha niraparAdha ThaharI taba usane apane zvasuragRhase calA jAnA hI munAsiba samajhA, isapara zreSThIne usase kSamA yAcanA kI aura ghara meM rahane ke liye hI anurodha kiyA / vaha kevala eka zartapara rahaneko majUra huI ki mujhe bauddha guruokI upAsanA karanekI AjJA mila jAnI cAhie / zreSThIne yaha zarta maMjUra kara lI / dUsare dina usane buddhako apane

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254] [bhagavAna mahAvIrayahAM nimaMtrita kiyA / java nagna nirganthoMne yaha jAnA ki buddha migAraseTThIke gharameM maujUda haiM to unhoMne unake gharako ghera liyaa| vizAkhAne apane zvasurase bhI buddhakA satkAra karaneke lie khaa| 'nagna nigranthoneM zreSThiko vahAM jAnese rokA / isapara vizAkhAne svayaM hI buddhako AhAra diyaa| buddha aura unake ziSya jaba AhAra kara cuke taba vizAkhAne phira apane zvasurase Akara upadeza sunanekA Agraha kiyA / nagna nigranthoMne isa samaya bhI seThIko vahAM jAnese rokA; kintu jaba vaha nahIM mAnA to unhone vahAM pardA DAlakara usake pichAr3I seThIko biThA diyaa| seThIne vahIMse buddhakA upadeza sunA aura usameM unako vizvAsa ho gayA / vaha apanI vahUke pAsa pahuMce aura bole, "Ajase tU merI mAtA hai / " usI "samayase vizAkhA migAramAtAke nAmase prakhyAt huii| usane karor3oM rupaye kharca karake buddha ke lie zrAvastI meM eka ArAma banavA diyaa|"" isa kathAmeM bhI jainadharmake prati kaTubhAva jhalaka rahe hai| yahAM bhI bauddhAcAryakA uddezya jainasAdhuoMko heya prakaTa karanekA hai| isa 'dazAmeM isameM kitanA tathya hai, yaha sahana anubhavagamya hai| kintu isase __ yaha spaSTa hai ki jainamuniyoMkA bheSa nagna thA,jaise ki anya uddharaNoMse __ 'pramANita hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI dRSTavya hai ki usa samaya zrAvastImeM jainiyoMkI saMkhyA adhika thii| isameM bhI zreSThIkA madhumizrita dUdha 'pInA, muniyoMdvArA rokA jAnA Adi bAteM jaina niyamoMke viruddha haiN| ___ 'dhammapada' meM nagnatA bhI sAdhupanekA eka cihna vatalAyI gayI hai| isapara TIkA karate haye TIkAkAra eka aura kathA likhate haiM, 1 hisa0 glI. pR0 13-15 . dhamApada (S. B. B. Vol.x) pRSTha 38 1

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-aura ma0 buddha] [255 jo uparoktase bahuta milatI-julatI hai / 'sumAgadhA-avadAna' meM kahA gayA hai ki "anArthApaNDakakI putrIke gRhameM bahutase nagnasAdhu ekatrita huye / isapara usane apanI bahU sumAgadhAko unake darzana karaneke liye bulAyA aura kahA, 'nA aura una paramapUjya muniyoMke darzana kara / ' sumAgadhA sArIputta, mauggalAna sadRza sAdhuoMko dekhanekI saMbhAvanAse ekadama bhagI AI kintu jaba usane ina sAdhuoMko dekhA jinake bAla kabUtaroMke paMkha jese miTTIse sane huye the, aura jo dekhanemeM rAkSasa jaise the, vaha mlAnamukha ho gaI / isapara usakI sAsane pUchA ki tU udAsa kyoM hogaI ?' sumAgadhAne kahA ki "yadi yahI sAdhu haiM to phira pApI kaise hoMge ?" isameM jaina sAdhu oMkA ullekha hai ve jainasAdhu nahIM haiM, pratyuta AjIvaka pratIta hote haiM kintu isase yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya nagnatA sAdhupanekA eka cidra mAnI jAtI thI / 'dhammapada' ke saMpAdaka mahodayane isa para eka noTa diyA hai aura usameM kahA hai ki 'vaoNranapha sAhavake matAnusAra jaina sAdhu hI nagna hone the aura vuddha nagnatAko Avazyaka nahIM samajhate the' yaha ThIka hai| anyatra garur3ha gosvAminkI 'amAvaTUra meM bhI eka jaina ullekha milatA hai| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki licchavirAjaputra suNakkhattane antataH bauddhasaMghase saMbandha tyAgakara korakhattiyakI zaraNa lii| uparAnta unake nikaTase bhI ruSTa hokara vaha jainamuni kalAramatyukake ziSya ho gaye / jainamunike nikaTa kucha dina rahakara vaha phira ma0 .. buddhake pAsa pahuMca gaye / phira bhI ma0 buddhase asaMtuSTa hokara vaha pATikapatra nAmaka jainamunike nikaTa aagye| Akhira vaha AjI

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256] [ bhagavAna mahAvIravaka ho gaye / * isameM jina suNakkhata rAjaputrakA ullekha AyA hai, ve bhagavAna mahAvIrake ziSya the, yaha zvetAmbariyoMke 'bhagavatIsUtra se pramANita hai| digaMbara zAstroMmeM hameM koI aisA nAma dekhaneko milA nahIM hai| saMbhava hai vizeSa rItise adhyayana karanepara digaMvara zAstroMme ina jaina muniyoMkA vivaraNa mila jAve / vidvAnoMko dhyAna denA caahiye| ___antataH dhammapAlakI thera aura therIgAthAkI TIkA 'paramattha'dIpanI meM jaina ullekha isa prakAra milate haiN| yadyapi yaha TIkA arvAcIna racanA hai, parantu gAthAmeM jo isameM vividha bhikSu bhikSuNiyoMkI saMgrahIta hai, ve avazya hI bauddha piTaka graMthoM jitanI prAcIna hai| isa dazAmeM inake ullekha bhI vizeSa mahatva hai| inameM una katipaya bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoMkA bhI ullekha hai jo jainadharmase bauddhadharmameM dIkSita huye batalAe haiN| bauddhoMke ina dharma parivartana ullekhomeM kitanA tathya hai, yaha hama kucha kaha nahIM sake; parantu jaise ki hama prAraMbhame kaha cuke haiM, bauddhoMke ullekhomeM sarvathA vidharmiyoko svadharmameM grahaNa karanekA vivaraNa milatA hai; unake svayaM apane anuyAyiyoMke vidharmI honekA kahIM koI ullekha sahasA dekhanemeM nahIM AtA hai| aura yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki unake anuyAyI vidharmI na huye hoN| aisI dazAmeM unake kathanakoM yathAtathya svIkAra karanA jarA kaThina hai| khaira jo ho, yahAM inakA digdarzana karalenA iSTa hai| pahile hI 'therI gAthA kI TIkA katipaya jaina AryikAoke bauddha bhikSuNI honekA ullekha hai| yahAM pahile hI abhayakumArakI mAtAkA cauddha bhikSuNI honA batalAyA gayA hai| usakA nAma padmAvatI *mAjIva bhAga pRSTa 3511.Psalme of the sisters.P.30.

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 257 aura vaha ujjainIkI vezyA batalAI gaI hai / mahArAja zreNikakeaurasa se abhayakumArakA janma huA batalAyA gayA hai / uparAnta kahA hai ki jaba nigantha - nAtaputtake ukasAnepara abhayakumArane ma0 buddhase prazna kiye the aura unakA yathArtha uttara pAyA thA, taba ve bauddha ho gae the / bauddha honepara unhIke upadezase unakI mAtAne bauddhadharma meM zraddhAna grahaNa kiyA thA / isa vivaraNa meM kitanA tathya hai, yaha hama pahile hI dekha cuke hai| sacamuca abhayakumAra jaina the, isI kAraNa unakA janma vezyAke garbha se huA batalAyA gayA hai / varan hama jAnate haiM ki ve veNAtaTa nagarake eka zreSThIkI kanyA thI / agAr3I maddagaNarAjyakI rAjadhAnI sAgalake ko siyavazake brAhmaNakI putrI bhaddAkA vivaraNa hai|' usakA pAlanapoSaNa baDe lAr3acAvase huA thA aura usakA vivAha magadhake mahAtittha nAmaka grAmake rAjakumAra pippalise huA thA / jaba pippali sAdhu ho gayA taba usane bhI apanI sampadA apane sambaMdhiyoko dekara sAdhu avasthA dhAraNa kara lI / kahA gayA hai ki vaha pAMca varSa taka zrAvastIke jetavanameM sthita 'titthiya ArAma' meM rahI aura anta meM 'pajApatI gotamI' ne unako bauddhadharmame dIkSita kiyA / isameM spaSTa rItise nahIM kahA gayA hai ki vaha pAMca varSa taka kisa AmnAyakI sAdhu saMpradAyakA pAlana karatI rahI thI. kiMtu titthiya ArAmame vaha rahI thI, isase saMbhava hai ki vaha prAcIna jainasaMghame sammilita rahI ho, kyoki hama dekha cuke haiM ki 'titthiya' zabdakA vizeSa prayoga prAcIna jainasAdhuoke liye bauddhazAstrome kiyA gayA hai / astu; 1. Psalms of the Sisters P. 48. 17

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Bhe moon, thership and ago 258] [ bhagavAna mahAvIraisake uparAnta therIgAthAmeM spaSTa jaina ullekha bhikSuNI nadottarAke vivaraNameM hai|' isa kathAmeM kahA gayA hai ki " kauravoke rAjyameM sthita kammAsadamma grAmake eka brAhmaNavaMzame isakA janma huA thA / jaba niganthoMke nikaTase usane zikSA grahaNa karalI thI, taba vaha unhIMke saMghameM sammilita ho gii| vaha apanI bAdazaktike liye prakhyAt thI so sarvatra vicara kara vAda karatI thii| isI paribhramaName usakI bheMTa vauddhAcArya mahAmoggalAnase ho gaI / unase vAdameM vaha parAsta huI aura isapara unake upadezase usane bauddhabhikSuNIke vrata grahaNa kiye / eka daphe apanI dhyAnAvasthAmeM usane katipaya gAthAyeM kahI thI, jinakA anuvAda isa prakAra hai:" Fire and the moon, the sun and cle the gouls, I once was wont to worship and adore, Forcgathcring on the nver banks to go, Dorn in the waters for the bething riles S;. Ay, manifold observances I lud Upon me, for I shaicd one half my heid Nor laid mc down to rest save on the curih, Nor cor broke my fast at close of any ss " bhAvArtha-"eka samaya maiMne agni, cadramA, sUrya aura devatAoMkI upAsanA kI aura nadiyoke snAna karaneke liye vahA bhagI gii| phira aneka prakArake vrata maine dhAraNa kiye, mai Adhe sirako muDAtI thI, pRthvIpara sotI thI aura sUrya asta honeke pazcAt bhojana grahaNa nahIM karatI thii|" isa kathAse jenasAviyomeM jIvanakI jhalaka hameM milatI hai| macamuca nisa vIramaghakI sAdhvI aikAkI sarvatra vicara kara 1. .7... -

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [259 vAdakA nAda ghoSita karatI thIM, usakI mandAkinI usa samaya pUrNatAko hI prApta hogI! vAstavameM jainasAdhu aura sAdhviyoke jIvana dharmapracArake Adarza hote hai| ve varSake cAra mahInoMko chor3akara zeSake sarva dinoMmeM sarvatra vihAra karake janatAko sacce sukhakA mArga batAte haiM / yahI dazA nandottarAke sambandhameM prakaTa hai / kitu usane jo apanI jIvanacaryAkA vivaraNa diyA hai, usapara bhI tanika dhyAna dIjiye / hamAre vicArase pahilI gAthAmeM to usane apane brAhmaNapanekI avasthAkA ullekha kiyA hai aura dUsareme jaina udAsIna zrAvikAkI kriyAyoMkA digdarzana karAyA hai| udAsIna zrAvikAoMko sira mur3AnA paDatA hai aura ve pRthvIpara zayana karatI evaM rAtribhojanakI tyAgI hotI haiM / yahI kriyAyeM nandottarA bhI ginA rahI hai tathApi jo usane jainasAdhuoMke nikaTa rahakara zikSA grahaNa kI thI, yaha bhI jainazAstroke anukUla hai / jainazAstroMmeM aise kaI ullekha hai| isa taraha isa ullekhase jaina kriyAokA mahatva prakaTa hai| uparAnta bhaddA (bhadrA) kundalakesAkA kathAnaka hai| yaha pahile jainI thii| isake savadhame yaha kahA gayA hai ki vaha rAjagRhake rAjya-koThArIkI putrI thI / eka daphe vahAke purohita-putra satyukako DakaitIke aparAdhameM prANadaNDa milA / badhaka loga use zUlIpara car3hAneko liye jA rahe the| bhaddAkI dRSTi kahIM usapara par3a gaI aura vaha tatkSaNa usapara Asakta hogaI / usake pitAko java yaha bAta mAlUma huI aura putrIkI anyathA zAMti honA kaThina samajhI, taba usane badhakoMko dhUMsa dekara usa purohitaputrako chur3A / 1. Psalms of the Sisters P. 63.

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260] [bhagavAna mahAvIra liyA / vaha satyuka DAkU bhaddAke saMga Ananda bhoga karatA avazya thA parantu usakI niyata sadA usake gahano para rahatI thii| eka roja vaha use vAhira le gayA aura vahA usane gahane mAge / bhadAne use premase samajhAnA cAhA, para jaba dekhA ki yaha to gahanoMkA hI bhUkhA hai; taba usane premAliMganake bahAne use eka gahare gar3hemeM Dhakela diyA / usakA hRdaya saMsArakI paristhiti dekhakara tharrA gyaa| vaha vahAMse sIdhI niganya saghameM pahucI aura vahAM AcAryase dIkSA denekI prArthanA kI / isapara vauddhAcArya kahate haiM ki niganthone usase pUchA "tU kisa kakSAkI dIkSA grahaNa karegI ?" uttarameM usane unase sarvotkRSTa kakSAkI dIkSA denekA anurodha kiyaa| isapara unhoMne tADakI kaMghI (Palusyra Comb)se usake bAla nucavA (tone out) diye aura vaha dIkSita kara lI gaI kintu usakI saMtuSTi isa dazAmeM nahIM huI isaliye vaha vahAMse calI gaI / uparAnta zrAvastIme, bauddhAcArya sArIputtase vaha vAdameM hAra gaI aura bauddha hogii| voddha bhikSuNIkI dazAmeM usane eka daphe nimna zabda kahe the:" Harless, dirtladen and half-clads so fared I formerly, dceming that harmless things Had harm nor was I 'ware of harm In many things whcreir, in sooth, harm lay 107." inameM use yaha kahatI pragaTa kiyA gayA hai ki "pahile maiM keza rahita, mailase ladI aura eka kapar3A pahine vicarA karatI thI, mai yaha vicAratI thI ki una vastuoMme bhI nukasAna hai jo sacamuca nukasAnadaha nahIM hai aura una vastuoMse maiM ajAnakAra thI jiname vastutaH nukasAna hai / : Literally, haying one garment or cloak.

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [261 isaprakAra yaha kathA hai / isameM varNita jainaAryikAoMkI kriyAopara hameM dhyAna denA cAhiye / nandottarA aura isa bhaddAkI jIvanakriyAoMmeM antara hai| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki nandottarA to udAsIna zrAvikA thI aura bhaddA AryikA thii| vaha jenAcAryase paramotkRSTa dIkSA denekA anurodha bhI karatI hai / isase prakaTa hai ki jaina saMghameM striyoMke sAdhunIvanakI bhI kakSAeM niyata thI / yaha jenazAstroke sarvathA anukUla hai| jainasaMghame cAra kakSAeM sthApita thIM, jaise ki Ana bhI hai, arthAt (1) muni, (2) AryikA, (3) zrAvaka aura (4) zrAvikA / yaha zrAvaka aura zrAvikAyeM udAsIna gRhatyAgI hI hote the| astu, agADI jo vAla noMcanekI vAcata kahA gayA hai, so zvetAMbara saMpradAyakI vAbata to DaoN0 jaikobI prakaTa karate haiM ki zAyada unake yahAM yaha niyama nahIM hai' para digambara saMpradAyameM muni aura AryikAke mUlaguNomeM antara nahIM hai / unake uttaraguNoMmeM paraspara antara hai / prAyazcittavidhAnake nirNayameM 'chedazAstra'kA nimnazloka yahI prakaTa karatA hai:'yathA zramaNAnAM bhaNitaM zramaNInAM tathA ca bhavati malaharaNaM / varjayitvA trikAlayoga dinapratimAM chedamUlaM ca // 'asyArthaH-yatprAyazcittaM RSINA yathA tena vidhinA AryikANAM dAtavyaM paraM kintu trikAlayoga sUryapratimA na bhavati / uttara guNAnAM samAcAro na bhavati / kena kAraNena mUlacchede nAte sati upasthApavAyAM na yAti / 1. jainasUtra ( S. B.E. ) bhAga 2 pRSTha 18 phuTanoTa. 2. prAyazcittasaMgraha (mA0 pra0) pRSTha 98.

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262] [ bhagavAna mahAvoraisa apekSA digambara dRSTise AryikAko kezaloMca karanekA adhikAra pramANita hotA hai| zrIpadmapurANanI (pR. 883) meM sItAjIko dIkSA lete samaya kezaloca karate likhA hai ataeva bauddhazAstrakA yaha ullekha bhI yathArthatA lie hue hai| __ isake atirikta 'therIgAthA me anya koI ullekha spaSTataH jainadharmake saMbaMdha nahIM hai, kintu 'isidAsI' (RSidAsI) zIrSaka no kathA dI huI hai, vaha avazya hI jainadaMgakI mAlUma hotI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai, "RSidAsIne pUrvabhavameM vyabhicAramaya jIvana vyatIta kiyA thaa| isaliye isa pApake kAraNa use tIna bhava pazu yonimeM, eka napuMsaka rUpameM aura do strIliMgake dhAraNa karane pdd'e| uparAnta vaha ujjainIke eka prakhyAta , dhanI aura dharmAtmA vaNikake yahAM putrI huI thii| yahAM isakA nAma RSidAsI rakkhA gayA thaa| jaba vaha putrI huI taba usake pitAne usakA vivAha eka suyogya vaNikaputrake sAtha kara diyaa| eka mAsa taka vaha apane patike sAtha acchI taraha rahI pazcAt usake pUrva karmake phala svarUpa usakA pati usase virakta hogayA aura use gharameMse nikAla bAhara kiyaa| vaha apane pitRgRha phuNcii| vahAM usake pitAne usakA vivAha phira kara diyA, kintu phira bhI usakI usake patise na pttii| isaprakAra bAravAra vivAha kara dene aura nikAlI jAnese vaha dhavar3A gaI aura usane jinadattA nAmaka therI (sAdhvI)se dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| isa dIkSita avasthAmeM eka divasa vaha paTanAmeM AhAra grahaNa - karake, gaMgA taTapara Akara baiTha gaI aura vahAM apanI sAthina bhikSuNIse apanI pUrva kathA kahane lgii| kisataraha pUrvabhavameM usane pApa kiye,

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-aura ma0 buddha ] [263 kaise unakA phala bhugatA, phira isa bhavameM sAketake vaNikaputrase usakA vivAha huA, pati ruTa huvA, gharase nikAlI gaI, pitRgRha AI, puna. puna. vivAha huye, antataH jinadattAke nikaTa usane dIkSA grahaNa kI yaha saba usane khaa| isa vivaraNameM eka sthalapara nimna zavda Aye haiM:" But of my father I, W ceping and holding out clasped hands, be sought : 'Nay' but the cril Karma I have done, That would I expiate and wear away 431" bhAvArtha-usane apane pitAse rokara aura hAtha joDakara kahA ki 'nahIM, pitAnI, maiMne jo azubhakarma upArjana kiyA hai usakI nirjarA ava mujhe (nijjaressAmi ) kara lene dIjiye / yahI kaha kara vaha sAdhvI hogaI thii|' isa kathAmeM karmake prabhAvako vyakta karanekA prayAsa hai jo jainadharmameM mukhya sthAna rakhatA hai| jainakathAomeM pUrvakRta karmake phala bhugatanekA citracitraNa vizeSa milatA hai tathApi jo yahAM karmoMkI nirjarA karanekI ghoSaNA hai, vaha spaSTa kara detI hai ki yaha kathA jainase sambandha rakhatI hai| RSidAsI, jinadattA ye nAma bhI jainiyoke samAna haiM isa kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kathA jainiyoMkI hai / nirjarA tatva bauddhadharmameM svIkRta nahIM hai, pratyuta ma0 buddhane jainiyoMke isa tatvakI tIvra samAlocanA 'devadatta sutta' meM kI hai| yahI mata 'therIgAthA' kI sampAdikA zrImatI misisa hisaDeviDasakA hai| Apa isa kathAke viSayameM likhatI haiM ki:-- 1. Psalms of the Sisters P. 156. 2. majjhimanikAya bhAga 2 pRSTha 214 // - - -

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264 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra - " "But in the case of the last two Psalms (Isidasi and Sumedha XVIII.) There are features pointing to different and possibly later conditions attending their compilation. Isidasi's poem, for one who comes to it steeped in the phraseology of the preceding Psalms, strikes a strangely varied, almost a discordent note. The scene is Pato.i, a city rising on the decline of the Kosalan and Magadhese capitals, but alone that of Kasi (Benares ). The wretched gul's plea to join the -older of Bhikkhunis might be that of a Jain, so Jainistic is her aspiration. The name of her sponsor Bhikkhuni--Jindatta--which does not occur elsewhere in the Canon is possibly significant.' 1 bhAvArtha- ' kintu atima do gAthAo (isidAsI aura sumedhA ) ke sambandhameM aise lakSaNa hai jo usakI anyose vilakSaNatA aura uparAMtakI racanAke dyotaka haiM / isidAsIkI gAthA yadyapi pUrvagAthAoMkI bhAti racI gaI haiM, kiMtu usame vilakSaNa bheda spaSTa hai / ghaTanA paTanAmeM ghaTita hue batalAI gaI hai / yaha nagara kauzala aura magadhakI rAjadhAniyoMke naSTa honeke bAda AvirbhUta huA thaa| saMbhavata isidAsIkA anurodha jainasaMghakI bhikSuNiyoMke vrata dhAraNa karanekA hogA, usakA uddezya bilkula jainiyoM jaisA hai / usakI dIkSAdAtrI jinadattAkA - nAma bhI bauddhazAstromeM anyatra kahIM dekhaneko nahI milatA hai| yaha bhI isa anumAnakA eka pratyakSa pramANa hai|' isa dazAmeM isa kathAko jainakathA kahanA kucha anucita nahIM hai / " 1. Psalms of the Sisters. Introduction. XXII.

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- aura ma0 buddha ] [ 265 1 kintu isameM jo RSidAsIke purnavivAhakA ullekha hai vaha kucha aTapaTA hI hai / jaina kathAoMmeM hameM koI aisA ullekha dekhaneko nahI milatA hai / saMbhava hai bauddha lekhakane isako vikRta rUpa deneke liye apane Apa yaha kathana gar3ha liyA ho aura isa kathAko apanA liyA ho| isake liye hameM dekhanA cAhiye ki jainazAstroM meM bhI koI aisI kathA athavA isase sAdRzya rakhanevAlI kathA hai ? hamAre dekhanemeM ' uttarapurANa' meM eka kathA AI hai, jisase ukta kathAkA sambandha ho to koI Azcarya nahIM !' vahAM likhA hai ki samrAT zreNikake praznake uttarameM pradhAna gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama kahate haiM ki vIrabhagavAnake tIrthame aMtima kevalajJAnI jambUkumAra hoNge| usa dinase, jisa dina yaha prazna pUchA gayA thA, sAtaveM dina ina jaMbUkumArakA janma rAjagRhanagarameM honA batalAyA gayA hai / inake pitAkA nAma 'arhadAsa' aura mAtAkA nAma 'jindAsI' likhA gayA hai / uparAnta kahA hai ki jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAMta punaH gautama gaNadhara sudharmAcArya sahita yahAM AyeMge tatra rAjA kuNika ajAtazatru pUjA vaMdanA karane AvegA aura jaMbUkumAra bhI vairAgyako dhAraNa karege kintu mAtA-pitA dIkSA dhAraNa nahIM karane deMge / isa ghaTanA ke bAda jambUkumArakA vivAha padmazrI, kanakamAlA aura kanakIke sAtha ho jAvegA, parantu vaha saMsArabhogase virakta rhegaa| ye saba teM ghaTita huI aura isI samaya eka vidyuccora jambUkumArake ghara A nikalA thA / ina donome paraspara saMsArakI asAratA para vAda huA thA, jisake antameM jambUkumAra aura unake mAtA 1. uttarapurANa pRSTha 702.

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266] [ bhagavAna mahAvArapitA tathA striya aura vidhuccora Adi saba dIkSA dhAraNa kara gaye the| bhagavAna mahAvIrake cauvIsa varSa bAda jambUkumAra kevalajJAnI, hue the| kevalajJAnI hokara unhoMne apane bhava nAmaka ziSyake sAtha cAlIsa varSataka vihAra aura dharmapracAra kiyA thaa| jainiyoke aMtima kevalIkI yaha kathA hai aura vizeSa prakhyAta hai| saMbhava hai isIko bauddhAcAryane kisI kAraNavaza apanA liyA ho| yahAM jambUkumArakI mAtA jinadAsI vAI gaI hai aura bauddhakathAmeM RSidAsIkA ullekha hai tathApi jinadattA bhikSuNIkA | bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANoparAMta eka vIsa-tIsa varSake antarAlameM paTanAkA AvibhUta ho jAnA saMbhavita hai / inhI jinadAsIkA nAma bauddhAcAryane 'jinadattA' rakha diyA ho aura inakI kisI ziSyAkA 'RSidAsI' rakha liyA ho to koI anokhI bAta nahI hai| athavA yaha ho sakatA hai ki niyoMke aMtimakevalIkI mAtAko heya prakaTa karane ke liye unhone unake nAmako RSidAsImeM palaTakara unake jIvanako nIcI dRSTise pragaTa kiyA ho| jo ho, isameM saMzaya nahIM ki bauddhAcAryane isa kathAko kisI rUpameM avazya hI jainadharmase grahaNa kiyA thaa| saMbhava hai ki jainakathAgraMthomeM aura koI kathA uparoktase milatI-julatI mila jAve yaha DhUMr3hanese mAlUma hosaktA hai| isa prakAra therIgAthAke jaina ullekha pUrNa hote hai| aba pAThakagaNa Aie, eka dRSThi 'theragAthA' para bhI ddaalleN| isameM bhI sabase pahile abhayakumArake saMbandhameM jaina ullekha milatA hai| isake viSayame hama pahile hI dekha cuke haiM, uparAnta eka kathA 'ajjuna' zIrSaka kI hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha sAvatthI 1. Psalms of the Brethren. P. 30. 2, pUrva pRSTha 83.

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aura ma0 buddha ] [267 (zrAvastI) ke eka kulaputra (Councillon's) ke vaMzame janmA thaa| jaba vaha yuvA thA taba hI usane eka jainamunike nikaTa dIkSA grahaNa karalI thii| kintu antameM vaha kisI kAraNase bauddha hogayA batalAyA gayA hai| isake viSayameM adhika kucha na kahakara yaha batalAnA hI paryApta hai ki jainasAhityameM aisA kathAnaka hamAre dekhaneme nahI AyA hai / isake atirikta 'gaMgAtIriya' bhikSuke sambandhame kahA gayA hai ki usane gRhatyAga kara eka varSataka maunavrata dhAraNa kiyA thaa| yaha hamako mAlUma hai ki ma0 buddhane maunavrata pAlaneke lie manAI kI thI isalie sabhava hai ki yaha sAdhu jainamuni hoN| gaMgA kinAre rahaneke kAraNa yaha 'gaMgAtIriya' kahalAte the| uparAnta isameM eka kathAnaka 'aMgulimAla' zIrSakakA hai / ' yadyapi isakA saMbaMdha jaina saMpradAyase kucha bhI nahIM batAyA gayA hai; parantu isake vivaraNakramase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kathA bhI jainasAhityase apanAlI gaI hai, jaisA ki hama RSidAsIkI kathAke sambandhame dekha cuke hai| yaha kathA isaprakAra batalAI gaI hai ki 'aMgulimAla-kauzalake rAjAke purohita brAhmaNa bhaggavakA putra thA / purohitane usake janma lakSaNose-jAna liyA thA ki vaha pakkA cora hogaa| yaha samAcAra unhoMne rAnAse bhI kahe; jisase unake manako bhI pIr3A sahana karanI par3I thii| usake dvArA rAjAko pIDA sahana karanI paDI, isaliye usakI khyAti 'hisaka' rUpameM hogaI / vaha balavAna bhI vizeSa thaa| sAta hAthiyoMkA bala use prApta thaa| ucita vaya prApta karanepara use takSazilAmeM vidyAdhyayana karaneke liye 1. pUrva pRSTha 112. 2. Psalms of the Brethren. P. 318,

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268] [ bhagavAna mahAvorabheja diyA gayA / takSazilAmeM vidyAdhyayana karate vaha apanI guru. AnIkI vizeSa sevA suzUpA kiyA karatA thA isa kAraNa guruke gRhase use adhikatara nimatraNa milate rahate the| isa bAtako aura zipya sahana na kara ske| unhoMne guru aura isake bIca kusampa lAneke prayatna kiye aura ve saphala bhI hue / guru 'hiMsaka' se ruSTa hogaye aura usase kahA ki mujhe gurudakSiNA rUpameM eka hajAra aMguliyA manuSyoMke sIdhe hAthakI lAkara do| vaha samajhate the ki usase yaha kArya nahIM hogA aura isapara use daNDa diyA jAsakegA kiMtu 'hiMsaka gurukI AjJAko zirodhArya kara kauzalake jAlinI vanameM pahuca gayA aura vahAse jo yAtrI nikalate, vaha unakI uMgaliyAM kATa letA aura unheM sukhAkara unakI mAlA banAkara galemeM pahina letA isahI kAraNa vaha 'aMgulimAla' nAmase prakaTa hogayA / jaba usakI uddhatatA jyAdA bar3ha gaI to rAjAne usako pakaDaneke liye senA bhejanekI vyavasthA kii| yaha samAcAra jAnakara usakI mAtAMkA hRdaya tharrA gyaa| vaha mamatAkI prerI apane putrako samajhAneke liye nikala pdd'ii| isa samaya 'aMgulimAla' ne apanI mAtAko Ate dekhA; parantu use to aMguliyoMse matalaba thaa| usane mAtAkA bhI dhyAna nahIM kiyA ! agADI cauddhAcArya kahate hai ki ma0 buddhane isa dazAko jAnA to ve ghaTanAsthalapara pahuca gaye / unako AtA dekhakara ' aMgulimAla' ne apanI mAtAko choDa diyA aura unake pIche ho liyA parantu bhAgakara bhI vaha unako nahIM pakar3a -sakA / antata. buddhake prabhAvase usane vaha hisAkarma chor3a diyA aura vaha bauddha hogayA / bauddha bhikSu honepara bhI loga usako vizeSa

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- -aura ma0 buddha [269 rItise satAte the paraMtu vaha saba yAtanAyeM cupacApa saha letaa| isaliye vaha antameM 'ahisaka' nAmase prakhyAta huaa| isa dazAme usane bahutasI gAthAyeM kahI thii| unameMse ekakA anuvAda isaprakAra hai:"For such a foc pould verily not work me harm, Nor any other creature wheresoever found He would himself attain the peace in ffable, And thus attaning chensh all both bad and good" bhAvArtha-'aise zatru mujhe kucha bhI hAni nahIM pahucAte haiN| aura na koI anya jIvita prANI aisA dikhatA hai jo mujhe hAni pahuMcA sake / vaha apane Apa apUrva zAMtiko prApta karegA aura usako pAkara vaha sabako-dono trasa aura sthAvarako apanA legaa|' isa gAthAme jo bhAva aura 'tasa-thAvare' zabda vyavahRta kiye gaye haiM, vaha hamAre ukta anumAnako aura bhI prabala kara dete hai| trasa-sthAvara (tasa-thAvare) jaina siddhAntake khAsa zabda haiM aura ve vahAM trasa-calane phiranevAle aura sthAvara-eka sthAnapara sthira rahanevAle prANiyoke liye vyavahArameM lAye jAte hai / ukta anuvAdameM jo unakA bhAva bure-bhale prANiyose liyA gayA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai kintu anuvAdaka zrImatI hisaDeviDsa mahAzayA karatIM bhI kyA ? kyoMki vaha phuTanoTa dvArA yathAsthAna pragaTa karatI hai ki bauddhadharmameM isa zabdakA yathArtha bhAva nahIM milatA hai / isakA artha aspaSTa hai| Admittedly a term of doubtful meaning ). isa paristhitimeM isa kathAkA sambandha mUlameM jainadharmase honA bahuta kucha spaSTa hai| 'aGgulimAla' jina zabdokA prayoga karatA hai vaha apane yathArtha bhAvameM

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270 ] [ bhagavAna mahAvIra jainiyoke haiM / tathApi gAthAmeM AtmAke asalI svabhAvameM dRr3ha zraddhAna bhI jhalaka rahA hai / jainiyokI nizcayanayase 'AtmAko koI bhI kisI tarahase hAni nahIM pahuMcA saktA' yaha prakaTa hai aura aGgulimAla yaha zraddhAna ukta gAthAmeM spaSTa prakaTa kara rahA hai, jo bauddhamAnyatA ke prAya viruddha hI hai kyoki bauddhadharma anAtmavAdakA * pratipAdana karatA hai / isa apekSA bhI aGgulimAlakA jaina honekA vizvAsa honA aura isa kathAkA saMbaMdha jaina sAhityase honA pramANita hotA hai / kintu yaha bhI dekhanA cAhiye ki jaina sAhityayeM bhI koI aisI yA isase milatI julatI kathA milatI hai kyA ? hatbhAgyase abhItaka hamAre dekhane meM aisI koI kathA jainasAhityameM nahI AI hai aura isa kAraNa isake viSaya meM kucha adhika nahI kahA jAtA hai| bauddhasAhityake uparollikhita sthAnopara jaina sambandhokA vivaraNa hama dekha lete hai aura vAstavame unheM vizeSa mahatvakA pAte hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrake bilkula nikaTavartI kAlakI vaha racanA hai isa avasthAme isase aisA mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa pAnA ucita bhI thA / sacamuca cauDazAstrome jo ukta prakArake jaina sambandhameM spaSTa ullekha milate haiM unake liye hameM unakI upayogitA svIkAra karanI paDatI hai / yadyapi unameM prAya. jainadharmake sambandhameM ayathArtha aura dvepapUrNa vivecanakA abhAva nahIM kintu uname aisA honA prakRta haiM, kyoMki Akhira ve jainiyoMke vipakSI eka vidharmI dalakI racanAyeM haiN| utanepara bhI unakI upekSA karake yadi hama rAjahasa nItikA avalambana leM to hameM unameM bahuta kucha mahatvazAlI tathyapUrNa vivaraNa milatA haiM, jaise ki hama pUrva pRSThoM meM dekha cuke hai / hama apane

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-aura ma0 buddha [271 isa vivecanase jisa nirNayako pahuce hai usake balase yaha prakaTa karate hameM harSakA anubhava horahA hai ki (1) jainiyoMkI mAnyatAoMkA samarthana vidharmI zAstra bhI karate hai aura bhagavAn mahAvIrako sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI prakaTa karate hai, so unakI isa mAnyatAkI svIkAratA bauddhagrantha khaya jo apanI prAcIna mAnyatAke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake samakAlIna ma0 buddhase karate hai, jaise ki hama dekha cuke hai| vidharmI matapravartaka dvArA isa taraha jaina mAnyatAkI puSTi honA kucha kama gauravakI bAta nahIM hai, (2) ukta vivecanase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki jainadharmakA astitva bhagavAna mahAvIrase bahuta pahilese calA ArahA thA aura usake siddhAMta bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita dharmake samAna hI the; (3) zvetAvariyokI jo yaha mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI ziSyaparamparAke muni vastra dhAraNa karate the aura unake cAra vrata the, vaha vauddha uddharaNoke ukta vivecanase vAdhita hai, (4) aura antataH AjaparyaMta maina siddhAtoMkA avikatarUpa aura digambara jainazAstrokI prAmANikatA bhI prakaTa hai| AgAmI vahI siddhAMta hameM milate hai jo savA do hajAra varSa pahile pracalita batAye gaye hai aura vaha di0 jainazAstroke sarvathA anukUla haiN| isa rUpame jaina sAhitya aura jainadharmake saMvadhameM eka vipakSI matake granthose mahatva pragaTa kiyA huA milatA hai| hamako vizvAsa hai ki AgAmI paThana-pAThanameM prAcyavidyAmahArNava yathArthatAkA pratipAdana kara ise upayogI pAyeMge / // iti shm||

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18198010-1101150| mumdnamumadumaunidu |-01 ni-mundumudmui manduandomunikumaunidunmundurandumusuntuitsumidunia rundmandum drampumigramikamgrumdramdumanderarmseumons zrI0 bAbU kAmatAprasAdajIkRta grnth|| bhagavAna mahAvIra-arthAt Adhunika zailIpara tulanAtmaka dRSTise likhA huA saMkSipta jaina itihAsa, zrI vidyAvAridhi jainadarzanadivAkara verisTara campatarAyanIkI bhUmikA sahita / pRSTha 300 uttama kAgana, uttama chapAI, uttama bAInDiga / mUlya sAdI 1 // ) pakkI jilda 2) / mahArANI celanI-zreNika mahArAjakI dharmapatnI / mahArANI celanIkA Adhunika DhaMgapara likhA huA uttama caritra / e0 saMkhyA 172, uttama kAgaja va uttama chpaaii| @ mUlya ||) / ___saMkSipta jaina itihAsa-jainadharmakI prAcInatA va uttamatA kA batAnevAlA apUrva grantha / pRSTha 140 mUlya // =) / prAcIna jaina lekha saM4-aneka pratimAoM va yaMtroMke lekhokA saMgraha mUlya 1) / bhagAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha-apUrva aitihAsika grantha / mUlya 1 // ) / pArzvanAtha caritra-tayAra ho rahA hai| ____ saba jagahake saba tarahake jainagrantha milanekA patA mainejara, digambara jaina pustakAlaya-caMdAvAr3I-marata / Salirmid orumdmimdimumdomganiprogre maramdomamisamarmi burmust Samani kamundanusmsnilnumandumundumu domumni Asurandanumidnump-domings

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