Tirthankar Parshwanath

Author(s): Ashokkumar Jain, Jaykumar Jain, Sureshchandra Jain
Publisher: Prachya Shraman Bharti
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002274/1

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tIrthaMkara pAzvanAtha (aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM) prAcya zramaNa bhAratI mujaphpharanagara (u0 pra0)

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM) saMpAdaka : DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, rur3akI DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara DaoN. sureza canda jaina, vArANasI prakAzaka : prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara (u0 pra0) . zrI gaNezavarNI di0 jaina saMsthAna .. vArANasI vI ni saM - 2526 san 19 san 1999

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parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAna sAgara jI mahArAja ke gyArahaveM dIkSA divasa ke upalakSya meM (c) prakAzaka puNyArjana : vIrendrakumAra jaina C/jainasADI hAusa, zAhAdarA, dillI prathama saMskaraNa-1999 mUlya : 125 ru. mAtra isa pustaka kI bikrI se jo bhI rAzi prApta hogI usa rAzi se punaH prakAzana hogaa| . prApti sthAna : prAcya zramaNa bhAratI 12/e, nikaTa jaina mandira premapurI, mujaphpharanagara, u.pra. phona (0131) 450228, 408901 mudraka : . dIpa priTarsa e-8, mAyApurI iMDasTriyala eriyA, phesa-1 naI dillI-110064, phona : 5131393, 5132579

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parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI 108 jJAna sAgara jI mahArAja

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. prakAzakIya paramapUjya upAdhyAya 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke pAvana ArzIvAda se zrI gaNeza saMsthAna vArANasI ke Ayojakatva meM "tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha (aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM) viSaya para eka saMgoSThI dinAMka 19.10.97 se 21.10.97 taka zrI jambU svAmI digambara jaina siddhakSetra mathurA meM sampanna huI isa saMgoSThI meM deza ke khyAtilabdha vidvAnoM ne apane zodhapUrNa AlekhoM kA vAcana kiyA thaa| samAja kI bhAvanA thI ki ina AlekhoM kA zIghra prakAzana kiyA jAe, jisase na kevala vidvajjanoM, apitu sarvasAdhAraNa janoM ko bhI isakA lAbha prApta ho ske| . prasannatA kI bAta hai,ki prAcya zramaNa bhAratI ne apane alpa sAdhanoM ke hote huye bhI isake prakAzana kA nirNaya liyA aura samprati isakA mudrita rUpa Apake sAmane prastuta hai| sarvaprathama hama parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI ke prati namo'sta nivedana karate haiM, jinake mAGgalika AzIrvAda se isakA prakAzana sambhava ho sakA, sAtha hI bra. atula jaina evaM sampAdakoM ke hama AbhArI haiM, jinakI preraNA evaM parizrama ke binA yaha kArya saMbhava nahIM thaa| prAcya zramaNa bhAratI ne aba taka tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA tathA prameya kamalamArtaNDa parizIlana Adi aneka lokopayogI evaM vidvajjanopayogI granthoM kA prakAzana kiyA hai, jinakA sarvatra bahuzaH samAdara huA hai| AzA hai prastuta grantha kA bhI pUrvavat sammAnArtha hogaa| maMtrI ravIndra kumAra jaina (nAvalA vAle) mu. nagara

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saMpAdakIya - zrI gaNeza varNI saMsthAna, vArANasI dvArA "tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha" para eka rASTrIya saMgoSThI karane kA nirNaya 1995 meM hI le liyA gayA thA aura isake kaI kAraNa bhI the| saMsthAna apanI rajata jayantI meM praveza karane vAlA thaa| sAtha hI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA kAzI nagarI meM janma hone ke kAraNa kAzI sthita isa zodha saMsthAna dvArA pArzvanAtha para vizeSa zodha evaM vicAra vimarza kiyA jAnA ucita bhI thaa| isa kArya ko mUrta rUpa prApta huA, isa yuga ke digaMbara saMta upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI ke AzIrvAda se| _____ tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha eka bahuAyAmI tathA atyaMta lokapriya vyaktitva ke svAmI huye, isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| janapriya hone ke kAraNa samaya ke sAtha-sAtha unake sAtha anekAneka ghaTanAoM kA jor3A jAnA tathA unake viSaya meM anekAneka graMtha evaM kAvyoM kI racanA honA svAbhAvika hI thaa| ina sabake adhyayana se inameM pravAhita antara dhArAoM kI ekarUpatA sAmane AtI hai tathA pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA ko saMpuSTa karatI hai| thor3A mataikya unake janma-nirvANa kAla ko lekara avazya AtA hai jisakI vizeSa carcA aneka vidvAnoM ne apane AlekhoM meM kI hai| ... isa saMgoSThI kI aneka vizeSatAyeM rhiiN| eka anupama tIrthaMkara ke sabhI pakSoM ko lekara deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se Aye lagabhaga 40 vidvAnoM ne khulakara apane vicAra vyakta kiye| uttara bhArata meM Ayojita saMgoSThI meM dakSiNa ke aneka vidvAnoM kA samAgata atyanta utsAhavardhaka rhaa| AlekhoM ko viSayoM ke vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para Amantrita kiyA gayA thaa| lagabhaga sabhI vidvAnoM ne apane Alekha eka mAha pahale hI bheja diye the| hindI tathA aMgrejI bhASA meM prastuta ina AlekhoM meM se kaI AlekhoM

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha meM kahIM-kahIM thor3I ekarUpatA bhI dikhAI detI hai jo ki viSaya vastu ke kAraNa svAbhAvika bhI hai| phira bhI pratyeka Alekha kucha na kucha nayA avazya de jAtA hai| prastuta graMtha meM kaI Alekha aise bhI haiM jo ki atyanta mahatvapUrNa hone ke bAvajUda, aMtima samaya meM Ane ke kAraNa, saMgoSThI meM par3he nahIM jA ske| ina AlekhoM ko bhI hamane isa graMtha meM sammilita kiyA hai| sAtha hI katipaya Alekha aise bhI par3he gaye jo ki bahucarcita hone ke sAtha hI pahale bhI prakAzita ho cuke haiN| hamane yaha bhI anubhava kiyA ki zodha AlekhoM ko pramANoM ke AdhAra para hI likhA jAnA caahiye| ataH aise kucha AlekhoM ko hamane yahA~ mudrita nahIM kiyA hai| kula milA kara "tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha" para yaha saMgoSThI eka upayogI graMtha ke rUpa meM sAmane A rahI hai| yaha bahacarcita bhI hogI isameM hameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| bra. atula jI lagAtAra hameM yAda dilAte rahe ki graMtha kA prakAzana honA hai| saMbhavataH isIliye yaha graMtha Apake hAthoM meM A rahA hai| jinakI preraNA evaM AzIrvAda se yaha kArya saMpanna huA, una mahAn saMta digaMbara muni upAdhyAyazrI jJAnasAgara jI ke prati apanI zraddhA vyakta karate huye, hama hArdika prasannatA kA anubhava karate haiN| vidvAnoM ke prati upAdhyAyazrI kI snehadhArA anavarata pravAhamAna rahe, tathA hameM anekoM kArya karane kI preraNA detI rahe, isI AzA ke sAtha, saMpAdaka maMDala DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, rur3akI DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara DaoN. surezacandra jaina, vArANasI (saMprati dillI)

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AcArya zAntisAgara (chANI) aura unakI paramparA bIsavIM zatI meM digambara jaina muni paramparA kucha avarUddha-sI ho gaI thI, vizeSataH uttarabhArata meN| zAstroM meM muni-mahArAjoM ke jisa svarUpa kA adhyayana karate the, usakA darzana asambhava-sA thaa| isa asambhava ko do mahAn AcAryoM ne sambhava banAyA, donoM sUryoM kA udaya lagabhaga samakAlika huA, jinakI paramparA se Aja hama munirAjoM ke darzana kA saubhAgya prApta karate haiM aura apane manuSyajanma ko dhanya mAnate haiN| - prazAntamUrti AcArya zAntisAgara jI kA janma kArtika badI gyArasa sa. 1945 chANI, jilA udayapura (rAja.) meM huA thA, para sampUrNa bhArata meM paribhramaNa kara bhavya jIvoM ko upadeza dete hue sampUrNa bhAratavarSa, vizeSataH uttarabhArata ko unhoMne apanA bhramaNa kSetra bnaayaa| unakA bacapana kA nAma kevaladAsa thA, jise unhoMne vAstava meM anvayArthaka : (kevala-advitIya, anokhA, akelA) banA diyaa| san 1922 meM kSullakadIkSA lI tathA / varSa bAda bhAdrapada zukla caturdazI san 1923 ko dIkSA lekara AcArya mahArAja ne anekatra vihAra kiyaa| ve prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke dhanI the| unhoMne samAja meM phailI karItiyoM ko dUra karane meM koI kasara nahIM uThA rakhI thii| mRtyu ke bAda chAtI pITane kI prathA, daheja prathA, baliprathA Adi kA unhoMne DaTakara virodha kiyaa| "chANI" ke jamIMdAra ne to unake ahiMsA-vyAkhyAna se prabhAvita hokara apane rAjya meM sadaiva ke lie hiMsA kA niSedha karA diyA thA aura ahiMsA dharma aMgIkAra kara liyA thaa| ... AcAryazrI para ghora upasarga hue, jinheM unhoMne samatAbhAva se shaa| unhoMne 'mUlArAdhanA', 'AgamadarpaNa', 'zAntizataka', 'zAntisudhAsAgara' Adi granthoM kA saMkalana/praNayana kiyA, jinheM samAja ne prakAzita karAyA, jisase Aja hamArI zrutaparamparA surakSita aura vRddhiMgata hai|

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viji tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha AcArya zrI ne nagara-nagara, Dagara-Dagara meM dharma kA DaMkA bajAkara san 1944 sAgavADA rAjasthAna meM jyeSTha badI dazamI ko samAdhi pUrvaka maraNakara isa nazavara kAyA ko tyAga diyaa| inake aneka ziSya hue| jinameM AcArya sUryasAgara jI bahuzruta ... vidvAn the| AcArya sUrya sAgara jI kA janma pemasara (zivapurI) ma.pra. meM kArtika zuklA navamI saMvat 1940 meM huaa| inakA grahastha kA nAma hIrAlAla thaa| Apane maMgasira kRSNA gyArasa vi.sa. 1981 meM AcArya .. zAnti sAgara jI chANI se muni dIkSA lekara vi.sa. 2009 meM samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| digambara jaina paramparA meM kucha hI sAdhu aise haiM, jo sAhityasaparyA / ke mAdhyama se jaina sAhitya ko sudRr3ha aura sthAyI banA sake haiN| AcArya sUryasAgara jI unameM eka the| unhoMne lagabhaga 35 granthoM kA saMkalana/praNayama kiyA aura samAja ne unheM prakAzita kraayaa| 'saMyamaprakAza' unakA advitIya bRhat grantha hai, jisake do bhAgoM (dasa kiraNoM) meM zramaNa aura . zrAvaka ke kartavyoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai| saMyamaprakAza sacamuca meM saMyama kA prakAza karane vAlA hai, cAhe zrAvaka kA saMyama ho cAhe zramaNa AcArya sUryasAgara jI kA AcArya pada pUjya munizrI vijayasAgara jI mahArAja ko lazkara meM diyA gayA thaa| AcArya vijayasAgara jI mahArAja paramatapasvI vacanasiddha AcArya the| kahA jAtA hai ki eka gAMva meM khAre pAnI kA eka kuA~ thA, logoM ne AcArya zrI se kahA ki hama sabhI grAmavAsiyoM ko khArA pAnI pInA par3atA hai, AcArya zrI ne sahaja rUpa meM kahA - 'dekho pAnI khArA nahIM mIThA hai' usI samaya kucha loga kue~ para gaye aura Azcarya ki pAnI khArA nahIM mIThA thaa| Apake Upara upasarga Aye, jinheM Apane zAntibhAva se sahA, ApakI samAdhi gvAliyara (murAra) meM zrI dInAnAtha jI bagIcI ke sAmane jaina bagIcI meM hai| AcArya vijayasAgara jI ke ziSyoM meM AcArya vimalasAgara jI suyogya ziSya hue ApakA janma saM. 1948 poSa zuklA dvitIya ko

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha gvAliyara jile ke mohinA grAma meM huaa| Apane agrahana vadI paMcamI vi. sa. 2000 ko koTA rA.ja. meM AcArya vijaya sAgara jI se muni dIkSA lii| Apa pratibhAzAlI AcArya the| Apake sadupadeza se anekoM jinAlayoM kA nirmANa aura jinabimboM kI pratiSThA huii| Apake sAnidhya meM aneka paMcakalyANaka pratiSThAyeM va gajastha mahotsava sampanna hue| bhiNDa nagara ko ApakI vizeSa dena hai| ApakA janma mohanA (ma.pra.) meM tathA pAlana-poSaNa pIroTha meM huA ataH Apa 'pIroTha vAle mahArAja' sAtha hI bhiNDa nagara meM aneka jinabimboM kI sthApanA karAne ke kAraNa 'bhiNDa vAle mahArAja' ke nAma se vikhyAta rahe haiN| A. vijayasAgara jI ne apanA AcAryapada vimalasAgara jI mahArAja (bhiNDa) ko diyaa| ____ AcArya vimalasAgara jI ne aneka dIkSAyeM dI unake ziSyoM meM AcArya sumatisAgarajI, AcArya nirmalasAgara jI, AcArya kunthusAgara jI, muni jJAnasAgara jI Adi atiprasiddha haiN| AcArya vimalasAgara jI mahArAja ne apanA AcArya pada bra. IzvaralAla jI ke hAtha patra dvArA sumatisAgara jI ko diyA thaa| Apane vi.sa. 2030 meM samAdhimaraNa kara zarIra ko tyAga diyaa| - AcArya sumatisAgara jI kaThora tapasvI aura ArSamArgAnuyAyI the| ApakA janma asauja sudI coMtha vi.sa. 1974 ko zyAmapurA. (murainA) meM jaisavAla jAti ke zrI naththIlAla jaina ke ghara huA thaa| Apane aneka kaSToM aura ApadAoM ko sahane ke bAda digambarI dIkSA agrahana badI dvAdasI vi.sa. 2025 meM dhAraNa kI thii| Apake jIvana meM aneka upasarga aura camatkAra hue the| paM makkhanalAla jI murainA jaise udbhaTa vidvAnoM kA saMsarga Apako milaa| Apa mAsopavAsI kahe jAte the| Apake upadeza se aneka ArgamArgAnuyAyI granthoM kA prakAzana huaa| sonAgira sthita tyAgI vratI Azrama ApakI kIrtipatAkA phaharA rahA hai| Apane zatAdhika dIkSAyeM aba taka pradAna kI thii| Apake prasiddha ziSyoM meM upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja pramukha haiN| aise AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM, munivaroM, guruvaroM ko zata-zata namana, zata-zata vndn|

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umeza se upAdhyAya muni 108 jJAnasAgara sapharanAmA eka anekAntika sAdhaka kA abhIkSNa jJAna kI sampadA se sikta upAdhyAya zrI 108 jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva eka aise krAntikArI sAdhaka kI anavarata sAdhanA-yAtrA kA vaha anekAntika dastAveja hai jisane samaya ke nATya-gRha meM apane saptabhaMgI prajJAna ke anekoM raMga bikhere haiM / cambala ke pAradarzI nIra aura usakI gaharAI ne murainA meM vi0 saM0 2014 vaizAkha sudI doyaja ko janme bAlaka umeza ko picchi- kamaNDalu kI maitrI ke sAtha apane bacapana kI usa buniyAda ko majabUta karAyA jisane usa * nirbAdha mArga kA sahaja, para samarpita pathika banA diyaa| zahara meM Ane vAle hara sAdhu-sAdhvI ke prati bacapana se vikasita hue anurAga ne mAtA azarphI bAI aura pitA zAnti lAla ko to hara pala sazaMkita kiyA para bAlaka umeza kA AdhyAtmika anurAga hara pala pallavita aura puSpita hotA rahA / aura isakI pariNati huI san 1974 meM usa pratIkSita phaisale se, jaba kizora umeza ne AjIvana brahmacarya vrata ko aMgIkAra kiyA evaM do varSoM bAda, pA~ca navambara unnIsa sau chihattara ko kSullaka dIkSA grahaNa kii| umeza se rUpAntarita hue kSullaka guNasAgara ne bAraha varSoM taka Agama granthoM, sAhitya evaM bhASA kA adhyayana kiyA, yuga ke mahAn santa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI pAvana sannidhi meM tatvajJAna kA pArAyaNa kiyA tathA mahAvIra jayantI ke pAvana prasaMga para ikattIsa mArca unnIsa sau aThAsI ko AcArya suma'tisAgara jI mahArAja se muni dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura taba AvirbhAva huA usa yuvA, krAntidRSTA tapasvI kA, jise muni jJAnasAgara ke rUpa meM yuga ne pahacAnA aura unakA guNAnuvAda kiyA / nirgrantha rUpa meM pratiSThita isa digambara muni ne jahA~ Atma-zodhana ke anekoM prayoga kiye, sAdhanA ke naye mAnadaNDa saMsthApita kiye, udAtta cintana kI UrjasvI dhArA ko pravAhamAna kara tatvajJAna ko nUtana vyAkhyAoM

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se samRddha kiyA, vahIM para apanI karuNA, AtmIyatA aura saMvegazIlatA ko jana-jana taka vistIrNa kara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI satveSu maitrI kI avadhAraNA ko bhI saMvarddhita kiyaa| madhyapradeza kI prajJAna-sthalI sAgara meM munirAja kA prathama cAturmAsa, tapazcaryA kI karmasthalI banA aura yahIM se zuru huA AdhyAtmika antaryAtrA kA vaha atha jisane pratyeka kAlakhaNDa meM naye-naye artha gar3he aura saMvedanAoM kI samajha ko sAdhanA kI zailI meM antarlIna kara liyaa| AgAmI varSoM meM muni jJAnasAgara jI ne jinavANI ke ArAdhakoM se sthApita kiyA eka sArthaka saMvAda tAki Agama granthoM meM nibaddha rahasyoM ko sAmAnya janoM taka bodhagamya bhASA aura zailI meM sampreSita kiyA jA ske| saradhanA, zAhapura, khekar3A, mayA, rA~cI, ambikApura, meraTha, sahAranapura, mujaphpharanagara meM vidvatsaMgoSThiyoM ke Ayojana ne bahuta se anuttarita praznoM ke jahA~ eka ora uttara khoje vahIM dUsarI ora zodha evaM samIkSA ke liye naye sandarbha bhI paribhASita kiye gye| anupalabdha granthoM ke punarprakAzana kI samasyA ko isa jJAna-pipAsu ne samajhA aura sraahaa| isa kSetra meM gahana abhiruci ke kAraNa sarvaprathama bahuzruta zramaNa paramparA ke anupalabdha prAmANika zodha-grantha, sva0 DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI dvArA sarjita sAhitya sampadA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA (cAroM bhAga) ke punarprakAzana kI preraNA kI, jise sudhI zrAvakoM ne atyalpa samayAvadhi meM paripUrNa bhI kiyaa| itanA hI nahIM, Adhunika kAlakhaNDa meM bhulA diye gaye santoM evaM vidvAnoM ke kRtitva se samAja ko paricita karAne kA bhI gurukArya inhoMne kiyA, jisakI pariNatisvarUpa AcArya zAntisAgara chANI smRti grantha ke prakAzana se eka ora vismRta se ho rahe usa atyanta purAtana sAdhaka se samAja paricita karAyA jisane sampUrNa uttara bhArata meM digambara zramaNa paramparA ko unnIsavIM sadI ke uttarArddha meM abhivRddha karane kA guru-kArya kiyA thA to dUsarI ora suprasiddha jaina darzana-vid sva0 paM0 mahendra kumAra jaina nyAyAcArya kI smRti meM eka

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vizAla smRti-grantha ke prakAzana kI preraNA kara mAtra eka jinavANIArAdhaka kA guNAnuvAda hI nahIM kiyA pratyut nayI pIDhI ko usa mahAn sAdhaka ke avadAnoM se paricita bhI kraayaa| isa tapaHpUta ne vaicArika krAnti kA udghoSa kiyA isa AzA aura vizvAsa ke sAtha ki Ama AdamI ke samIpa pahu~cane ke liye use usakI pratidina kI samasyAoM se mukti dilAne ke upAya bhI saMstuta karane hoNge| tanAvoM se mukti. kaise ho, vyasana mukta jIvana kaise jie~, pArivArika sambandhoM meM sauhArda kaise sthApita ho tathA zAkAhAra ko jIvana-zailI ke rUpa meM kaise pratiSThApita kiyA jAe, Adi yakSa praznoM ko buddhijIviyoM, prazAsakoM, patrakAroM, adhivaktAoM zAsakIya/arddhazAsakIya evaM nijI kSetroM ke karmacAriyoM . va adhikAriyoM, vyavasAyiyoM, chAtroM- chAtrAoM Adi ke sAtha paricarcAoM, kArya zAlAoM, goSThiyoM ke mAdhyama se uttarita karAne ke liye eka ora eka racanAtmaka saMvAda sthApita kiyA to dUsarI ora zramaNa saMskRti ke . niyAmaka tatvoM evaM asmitA ke mAnadaNDoM se jana-jana ko dIkSita kara unheM jainatva kI usa jIvana-zailI se bhI paricita karAyA jo unake jIvana kI prAmANikatA ko sarvasAdhAraNa ke madhya saMsthApita karatI hai| .isa khojI sAdhaka ne prema aura karuNA ke vyAvahArika prayoga kiye aura kaMkrITa saMskRti se dUra pahu~ce jhArakhaNDa ke una araNyoM meM jahA~ birasA aura muNDA jAti ke AdivAsiyoM ke sAtha lAkhoM kI tAdAda meM basate haiM atyanta purAtana jaina zrAvaka jinheM samaya kI zilA para par3I dhUla ne sirpha nAma kA apabhraMza kara unheM sarAka hI nahIM banA diyA pratyut unheM unake kula-gaurava pArzva prabhu kI paramparA ko bhI vismRta karAne para majabUra kara diyaa| ina bhUle-bisare bhAiyoM ko bihAra, baMgAla tathA ur3IsA meM alaga-thalaga jIvana jIne ke sthAna para sampUrNa deza kI zramaNa dhArA se jor3ane ke liye anekoM kalyANakArI yojanAeM saMcAlita kI jinameM raghunAthapura evaM anAIjAmAbAda ke punarvAsa kendra, purAne jIrNa-zIrNa jinAlayoM kA jINoddhAra, sudUra aMcaloM meM naye jinAlayoM kA nirmANa,

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takanIkI zikSA kendroM kI sthApanA, rojagAra ke liye upaskaroM kA prabandha, chAtravRttiyoM kA vitaraNa, kuzala berojagAroM ko rojagAra evaM naukariyoM kI upalabdhatA evaM ina sabhI ke saphala saMcAlana ke liye sudhI janoM ko prerita kara TrasTa ke mAdhyama se samasta gatividhiyoM ko kAryAnvita karAne kI preraNA kI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa sAdhanApUta se prabhAvita ho jahA~ eka ora zrI motIlAla borA, zrI ajitasiMha, zrI nArAyaNa datta tivArI, zrI sAhiba siMha varmA, zrI indara siMha nAmadhArI Adi rAjanetAoM ne darzana lAbha kara AzIrvAda prApta kiye haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora DaoN0 kRSNa kumAra nAga, zrI rAjendra yAdava, zrI aravinda jaina, DaoN0 nemIcanda Adi buddhijIviyoM, patrakAroM ne evaM sAhU azoka kumAra jaina, sAhU ramezacandra jaina, zrI pUnama canda gaMgavAla, zrI ummedamala pANDyA, zrI nirmala kumAra seThI Adi pramukha udyogapatiyoM ne bhI pUjya gurudeva se maMgala AzISa prApta kiye haiN| pUjya upAdhyAya zrI 108 upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA jIvana krAnti kA zloka hai, sAdhanA aura mukti kA divya chanda hai tathA hai mAnavIya mUlyoM kI vandanA evaM jana-cetanA ke sarjanAtmaka pariSkAra evaM usake mAnasika saundarya evaM aizvarya ke vikAsa kA vaha bhAgIratha prayatna jo stutya hai, vaMdanIya hai aura hai jAti, varga, sampradAya bheda se pare pUrI insAnI jamAta ko samarpita eka choTA para bahuta sthira aura majabUtI bharA kadama / niHsandeha yaha hogA Ane vAlI pIr3hI ke liye eka prakAza-stambha /

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samarpaNa vilupta zramaNa paramparA ke punarUddhAraka tejasvitA evaM manasvitA ke samanvaya cAritra - ziromaNi, dharmaprabhAkara AcArya 108 zrI zAMtisAgara chANI jI prathama paTTaziSya prajJApuMja "saMyamaprakAza" prabhAva pradAtA AcArya 108 zrI sUryasAgara jI dvitIya paTTaziSya tapa, vairAgya, saMyama karUNA se ota prota dharma vaijayantI prasAraka AcArya 108 zrI vijaya sAgara jI tRtIya paTTaziSya niSpRhI tapaHpUta sAdhaka AcArya 108 zrI vimalasAgarajI (bhiNDavAle) caturtha paTTaziSya mAsopavAsI, saMyama sAdhaka AcArya zrI 108 sumatisAgara jI satat pravAhamAna nirdoSa paramparA ke saMvAhaka sarAkoddhAraka yuvAmanISI upAdhyAya 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke kara kamalo meM sAdara savinaya samarpita

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mathurA varSAyoga patrikAoM ke Aloka meM ___ yogIrAja zrIkRSNa kI dharatI para isa varSa eka aura yogI ke caraNa pdd'e| yaha dharatI aura yahAM ke loga anAyAsa hI saba kucha pA ge| yaha jikra hai upAdhyAyazrI jJAnasAgara mahArAja ke mathurA cAturmAsa kaa| mathurA jI meM cAra mahIne taka saMta kI vANI ne amRta brsaayaa| hajAroM loga isa amRta varSA meM sarAbora hue| .. . racanAtmaka aura svAsthya nirmANa ke kArya cAra mahIne taka abAdha gati se calate rhe| upAdhyAyazrI kA vihAra kabhI nizcita dina yA tithi meM nahIM hotaa| upAdhyAyazrI ke alAvA kisI ko yaha nahIM patA hotA ki unakA agalA maMgala pravAsa kahAM hogaa| bItI garmiyoM meM jaba unhoMne rAjasthAna se vihAra kiyA thA to logoM ko ummIda thI, balki pakkA bharosA thA ki unakA cAturmAsa AgarA meM hogA, lekina puNyodaya mathurA ke logoM kA huaa| prakRti ne bhI mathurAvAsiyoM kA sAtha diyA aura upAdhyAyazrI apane saMta ziSya vairAgya sAgara mahArAja ke sAtha mathurA. sthita jaina caurAsI siddha kSetra meM A phuNce| . - upAdhyAyazrI ke Agamana ko lekara mathurA kSetra ke patrakAra bhI kama utsuka nahIM the| yaha utsukatA aura utsAha cAturmAsa ke samApana ke bAda upAdhyAyazrI ke vihAra taka banI rhii| kSetra meM sambhavataH aisA koI patrakAra nahIM bacA jisane upAdhyAyazrI ke cAturmAsa ko lekara apanI kalama na calAI ho, aura mathurA pahuMcane vAle athavA yahAM se chapane vAle akhabAra meM se aisA koI zeSa na bacA jisane upAdhyAyazrI ke cAturmAsa ke saMbaMdha meM khabara na chApI ho| . cAra julAI ko upAdhyAyazrI mathurA pahuMce aura 19 julAI ko cAturmAsa sthApanA samAroha huaa| dainika jAgaraNa ne likhA 'digambara jaina

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Xvi tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha siddha kSetra caurAsI meM dhvajArohaNa ke sAtha samAroha zurU huaa| isake pazcAt mathurA jaina samAja kI ora se parama pUjya upAdhyAyazrI ko cAturmAsa karane hetu anunaya-vinaya ke sAtha zrIphala samarpita kiyA gyaa| Aja kAmAM, bharatapura, pahAr3I, baDaudAmeva, dillI, sahAranapura, zAhadarA, AgarA, mujaphpharanagara va alavara Adi aneka sthAnoM ke vyaktiyoM ne zrIphala samarpita kiyaa|" akhabAra ne apanI isa khabara meM samAroha ko pUrA chaapaa| madana lAla bainAr3A ke mukha se "dainika jAgaraNa" akhabAra ne likhA "jo eka bAra upAdhyAyazrI ke darzana kara letA hai, vaha bAra-bAra darzana karane AtA hai| ApakI maMda-maMda muskAna se sabhI AkarSita ho jAte haiN|" amara ujAlA ne 22 julAI ke aMka meM upAdhyAyazrI ke citra sahita unakA pravacana prakAzita kiyaa| "amara ujAlA" akhabAra ne likhA "jaina samAja ke cAturmAsa samAroha meM jaina saMta jJAnasAgara mahArAja dvArA jaMbU svAmI digaMbara jaina siddha kSetra meM pravacana huaa| pravacanoM ko sunane dUradarAja se zraddhAlu phuNce| sahajatA-saralatA kI pratimUrti upAdhyAyazrI ne kahA ki Aja kA mAnava azAMta hai, becaina hai aura saMkalpoM meM ulajhA huA hai| isa khabara kA zIrSaka thA-'tanAva se bacane ko bAraha bhAvanAoM kA ciMtana jruurii| 'Aja' ne bhI 23 julAI ke aMka meM 'mAnava saMkalpa-vikalpoM kI ulajhana se becaina' zIrSaka se samAcAra prakAzita kiyaa| Aja akhabAra ne upAdhyAyazrI ke pravacana se likhA "saMsAra ke kArya munIma banakara kariye, mAlika banakara nhiiN| kyoMki lAbha-hAni kI sthiti meM mAlika para pharka par3atA hai, munIma para nhiiN|" isI dina amara ujAlA ne upAdhyAyazrI kA pravacana "lakSya ke binA calane vAloM ko bhaTakanA par3atA hai" zIrSaka se chaapaa| 26 julAI ko dainika jAgaraNa ne likhA-"nava cetanA pradAyaka parama pUjya upAdhyAya jJAna sAgara mahArAja ne kahA ki mAnava puruSArtha ke bala para hI apane bhAgya ko badala sakatA hai| bhAgya ke sahAre baiThe rahane vAle jIvana meM kucha bhI prApta nahIM kara paate| Aja

Page #20
tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha -xvii kA puruSArtha hI kalaM kA bhAgya kahalAtA hai| isalie jaba taka saphalatA na mile puruSArtha karate rahanA caahie|" jaina gajaTa ne 31 julAI ke aMka meM likhA 'sarAka uddhAraka upAdhyAyazrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne muni zrI vairAgya sAgara jI sahita vizAla janasamudAya kI upasthiti meM cAturmAsa sthApita kiyaa| vijaya kumAra jaina, adhyakSa siddha kSetra caurAsI mathurA ne maMgala kalaza sthApita kiyA aura dillI ke mahendra kumAra jaina ne zAstra bheMTa kie| isase pUrva 'amara ujAlA' tathA 'Aja' ne kramazaH 17 va 20 julAI ke aMkoM meM pravacana ke samAcAra vistAra se chaape| yaha silasilA julAI meM pUre mahIne calatA rhaa| isa bIca eka do .akhabAroM meM upAdhyAyazrI kI patrakAra vArtAoM ko bhI sthAna milaa| agasta mahIne meM bhI akhabAroM meM upAdhyAyazrI ke sAnidhya meM hone vAle kAryakramoM tathA pravacanoM ko kAphI sthAna milaa| 'yuvA vAMgmaya ne ATha agasta ko khabara chaapii| isake bAda bAraha agasta meM 'Aja' ne likhA "upAdhyAyazrI ne kahA ki ahaMkAra mIThA jahara hai jo manuSya kA sarvanAza kara detA hai, ahaMkAra ke jahara se bacane ke lie uttama mArdava dharma amRta samAna hai|' teraha agasta ko eka sthAnIya dainika ne 'jIvana meM mamatA kI jagaha samatA AnI cAhie' zIrSaka se samAcAra prakAzita kiyaa| "upAdhyAyazrI ne kahA ki manuSya kI Atma cetanA amRta hai lekina rAga-dveSa kI cAzanI ise vikRta banA detI hai|" - pAkSika 'mAruti naMdana' ne pandraha agasta ke aMka se upAdhyAyazrI ke bAre meM citra sahita Alekha prakAzita kiyaa| akhabAra ne likhA 'bhAratIya dharatI kI jitanI vaMdanA kareM utanI hI kama hai, isake kaNa-kaNa meM zakti samAI huI hai| isI kAraNa pratyeka Rtu kA AnaMda yahAM vidyamAna hai| yahAM ke logoM ko bar3e puNya yoga se upAdhyAyazrI kI amRtavANI sunane kA avasara prApta huaa| sabhI ne isa saMta ke caraNa kamaloM meM adbhuta vilakSaNatA kA anubhava kiyaa|" isa Alekha meM upAdhyAyazrI ke pravacanAMzoM ko pramukhatA se zAmila kiyA gayA hai|

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xviii tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha Alekha ke aMta meM amRtavANI upazIrSaka se likhA hai " svArtha ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI kA acchA yA burA nahIM socanA cAhie, kyoMki mAnava to mAtra nimitta hai aura manuSya ko apane karmoM kA phala svayaM hI bhoganA par3atA hai / " 44 bAIsa agasta ko amara ujAlA ne 'karma siddhAnta ko samajhane vAle dUsaroM ko doSI nahIM ThaharAte' zIrSaka se do kAlama khabara prakAzita kii| isa khabara meM svataMtratA divasa ke bAre meM upAdhyAya zrI ke vicAroM ko uddhRta kiyA gayA - ' ' bhArata deza kI svataMtratA meM jina dezabhaktoM kA sahayoga rahA, vaha anukaraNIya hai| atyadhika parezAniyAM sahakara bhI loga apane kartavya se pIche nahIM htte| isI prakAra kI dezabhakti kI bhAvanA yadi pratyeka vyakti meM rahe to nizcita hI hama bhArata vasuMdharA ke gaurava ko bar3hA sakate haiN|" upAdhyAyazrI ne janmASTamI parva para preraka udbodhana diyaa| unhoMne kahA ki "saMsAra meM kevala svArtha kA bhAva hai| janmASTamI kA parva zrI kRSNa jaisA mahApuruSa banane kA dina hai" ( jagata TAimsa, 26 agst)| 27 agasta ko isa akhabAra ne apanA saMpAdakIya upAdhyAyazrI ko samarpita kiyA-'"mathurA aura pUre braja kSetra ke lie yaha gaurava kI bAta hai ki upAdhyAya zrI siddha kSetra caurAsI meM cAturmAsa kara rahe haiN| unake varSA yoga ko yahAM karIba Der3ha mAha ho cukA hai| .. mahArAz2a zrI sacce arthoM meM jJAna ke sAgara haiN| koI viSaya unake gahare jJAna se achUtA nahIM hai| saMsAra ke vyavahAra meM kabhI rahe nahIM, lekina ghara, gRhastha, vyApAra samAja meM Aja kyA ho rahA hai, isakI pUrI aura tAjI, jAnakArI Apake pAsa maujUda hai, hara burI AdatoM se logoM ko sAvadhAna karate haiM ... . mahArAja zrI kI kaThora. caryA aura unakI kaThoratama sAdhanA ko sAkSAt dekhakara koI bhI jAna sakatA hai ki prAcInakAla meM hamAre RSi-muniyoM kI tapasyA kaisI thI / " apane saMpAdakIya ke aMta meM likhA- "upAdhyAya zrI vyAkaraNa, nyAya aura darzana zAstra ke bhI adhikArI saMta haiM (unake svAdhyAya kI sImA nhiiN| sitambara mAha kAphI vyavasthAoM se bharA rhaa| isa mahIne meM

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kaI choTe-bar3e Ayojana hue| upAdhyAyazrI ke sAptAhika pravacanoM meM zraddhAlu bar3I tAdAda meM Ate rhe| upAdhyAyazrI ke saMta ziSya vairAgya sAgara mahArAja kA svAsthya pratikUla ho jAne ke bAvajUda bhI upAdhyAyazrI kA udbodhana niraMtara jArI rhaa| eka sitambara ko amara ujAlA ne "peTa zuddhi ke lie upavAsa jarUrI" zIrSaka se likhA 'mahArAja jI ne kahA ki saMsArI praNAlI aharniza pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakta hai inakI pUrti ke lie vaha na dina dekhatA haiM aura na rAta, na bhakSya dekhatA hai aura na hI abhkssy"| .. isase pUrva upAdhyAyazrI ke sAnidhya meM 24 agasta ko 'mAnavatA kI dhurI' pustaka kA vimocana huaa| isa saMbaMdha meM jaina gajaTa ne likhA 'mAnavatA kI dhurI pustaka kA vimocana revAr3I se Ae zrI muni saMgha adhyakSa tathA saMgItakAra ravIndra jaina ke choTe bhAI maNIMdra jaina ne kiyaa| Agama prakAzana revAr3I ne isa pustaka ko prakAzita kiyA hai| nIraja jI satanA ne isa pustaka ko prastuta kiyA hai| nIraja jI satanA ne isa pustaka meM pratyeka prasaMga ko bahuta gaharAI se smjhaayaa| isI akhabAra ne likhA 'caurAsI. mathurA meM Akara yAtrI eka paMtha do kAja vAlI sUkti ko caritArtha kara eka ora zrI jaMbU svAmI kI nirvANa sthalI ke darzana kara rahe haiM to dUsarI ora upAdhyAyazrI jJAnasAgara jI jaise saMtoM ke darzana kara apane nayanoM ko saphala kara rahe haiN| gyAraha va bAraha sitambara ko navabhArata TAimsa ne upAdhyAyazrI ke cAturmAsa se saMbaMdhita khabareM prakAzita kii| 16 sitambara ko dainika jAgaraNa ne upAdhyAyazrI ke sAnidhya meM hone vAlI jilA starIya chAtra zAkAhAra nibandha evaM citra pratiyogitA kA vistRta byaurA prakAzita kiyaa| pandraha sitambara ko "sukha ke bIja bone para AnaMda kI prApti saMbhava" zIrSaka se "Aja" ne likhA 'upAdhyAyazrI ne kahA ki sukha ke phala prApta karane ke lie sukha ke bIja bone pdd'eNge| tabhI sukha kI prApti . saMbhava hai|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha iMdriya ke viSayoM se utpanna sukha AbhAsa mAtra hai, kSaNika sukha hai, sthAyI sukha prApta karane ke liye AtmA kI ora daur3a lagAnI par3atI hai|" isa dina amara ujAlA ne bhI "sukha kA phala prApta karane ko sukha ke bIja boeM" zIrSaka se upAdhyAya zrI ke pravacanAMza prakAzita kie| XX paryuSaNa parva ke upalakSya meM 'Aja' ne 'sadAcAra kho jAne para manuSya kA saba kucha luTa jAtA hai" zIrSaka se cAra kAlama meM vistRta samAcAra prakAzita kiyaa| upAdhyAyazrI ne kahA ki " Aja mAnava kA aMta:karaNa rUpI kSetra rAga-dveSa-mohaha-matsara-kAma-krodha-lobha Adi kI garmI se saMtapta hokara zuSka bana gayA hai|" ina vikAroM ko sApha karane ke bAda hI aMta:karaNa meM sadguNa rUpI bIja aMkurita hokara panapa sakate haiN| aMta:karaNa rUpI kSetra harA-bharA ho paryUSaNa parva yahI saMdeza lekara Ae haiN|'' isa khabara ne mahArAjazrI ke mukha se prazAMta mUrti AcArya zAMtisAgara jI chANI ke jIvana darzana para bhI prakAza ddaalaa| amara ujAlA ne 18 sitambara ko " jIvana meM krodha ke bajAya kSamA ko sthAna deM' aura isI tArIkha meM navabhArata TAimsa ne " cAritrika vikAsa se hI mAnava kA kalyANa" khabareM prakAzita kiiN| jaina gajaTa ne mahArAjazrI kI preraNA se rAjya stara para 10vIM tathA 12vIM ke medhAvI chAtra - chAtrAoM ko sammAnita kie jAne ke kAryakrama ke saMbaMdha meM 11 sitambara ko vivaraNa prakAzita kiyaa| mathurA aura bRja kSetra ke tIna sarvAdhika bikane vAle akhabAroM amara ujAlA, dainika jAgaraNa aura Aja meM mahArAjazrI se saMbaMdhita khabareM prakAzita karane meM eka taraha kI pratiyogitA cala rahI thii| apavAdasvarUpa hI aisA koI dina jAtA hogA jaba ina akhabAroM meM cAturmAsa saMbaMdhI koI khabara prakAzita na huI ho / Aja ne 19 sitambara ko " kSamAvANI parva aMtas kI kAlimA dhone ko ' tathA 20 sitambara ko 'duHkha ke kSaNoM meM kheda nahIM honA cAhie" zIrSaka se samAcAra prakAzita kie| akhabAra ne likhA " jisake pAsa jitanA adhika parigraha hotA hai, vaha utanA hI bhayabhIta rahatA hai jisake pAsa "

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha parigraha nahIM, vaha ciMtita nahIM rhtaa| isalie jitanI AvazyakatA hai, usase jyAdA parigraha nahIM karanA caahie|" bIsa sitambara ko navabhArata TAimsa ne 'kSamAvANI aMtas kI kAlimA ko dhone kA parva' zIrSaka se likhA "merA sabhI para kSamAbhAva hai, merA sabhI se maitrI bhAva hai, kisI se baira nahIM hai, aisI bhAvanA pala-pratipala bhAnA caahie|" 22 sitambara ko Aja ne "acche kAryoM meM vighna DAlanA ucita nahIM" zIrSaka se upAdhyAyazrI ke pravacanAMza ko prakAzita kiyaa| 23 sitambara ko navabhArata TAimsa ne likhA "upAdhyAyazrI ne kahA ki jinhoMne kSamAvANI parva para aMtas kI graMthiyoM ko tor3a diyA, unhIM kA kSamAvANI parva manAnA sArthaka hai| kSamA AtmA kA svabhAva hai| krodha rUpI kaSAya ne ise dhUmila kara diyA hai| 26 sitambara ko navabhArata TAimsa ne likhA "puruSArtha ke bala para mAnava saba kucha prApta kara sakatA hai| saMsAra ke kAryoM meM to yaha jIva puruSArtha karatA hai lekina jaba AdhyAtmika puruSArtha kI carcA calatI hai to vaha samaya na hone kA bahAnA banA letA hai|" . jaina caurAsI maMdira meM 28 sitambara ko hue zAkAhAra sammelana aura pradarzanI ke bAre meM kSetra ke sabhI akhabAroM ne vistRta khabareM chaapii| isa sammelana meM deza ke vibhinna hissoM se Ae vidvAnoM ne bhAga liyaa| 'amara ujAlA' tathA 'Aja' ne isa samAcAra ko cAra kAlama sthAna diyaa| samAroha meM upAdhyAyazrI ke pravacanoM tathA jIvana AdarzoM para AdhArita cAra pustakoM kA vimocana bhI huaa| amara ujAlA ne likhA "jaba manuSya kI soca vikRta ho jAtI hai to usakA viveka se nAtA TUTa jAtA hai| upAdhyAyazrI ne kahA ki vivekahInatA manuSya ke sampUrNa jIvana ko naSTa kara detI hai aura vyakti svachaMda ho jAtA hai|" isa daurAna dasa divasIya sarAka prazikSaNa ko lekara bhI kaI khabareM vibhinna akhabAroM meM prakAzita huii| "pArzvanAtha aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika

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xxii - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pariprekSya' viSaya para upAdhyAyazrI ke sAnnidhya meM huI goSThI meM upAdhyAyazrI ne kahA ki Aja bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke vividha pakSoM ke udghATana kI jarUrata hai| koI bhI saMskRti purAtatva, zAstra va kalAkRtiyoM ke saMrakSaNa se hI surakSita raha sakatI hai| unhoMne kahA ki 1150 sthAnoM para hue zAstrArtha ke uparAnta jainatva surakSita raha pAyA hai| . 22 akTUbara ke navabhArata TAimsa ke anusAra cAturmAsa ke daurAna AcArya zAMti sAgara chANI mahArAja kA 21vAM dIkSA divasa samAroha manAyA gyaa| jaina patroM ke alAvA anya akhabAroM ne bhI isa saMbaMdha meM khabareM prakAzita kii| 12 akTUbara ko upAdhyAyazrI kA picchI parivartana kA Ayojana huaa| jaina gajaTa ne likhA "picchI parivartana samAroha kI adhyakSatA bhAratIya jaina milana ke adhyakSa vIra satyendra kumAra jaina ne kii| isa avasara para zrI jJAnasAgara jaina yuvA maMDala, zAhadarA dvArA prakAzita paMca kalyANaka pratiSThA mahotsava evaM nirdezikA kA vimocana huaa|" aura aMta meM vaha dina bhI A pahuMcA jaba upAdhyAyazrI mathurA jI se vihAra kara ge| upAdhyAyazrI ke sasaMgha vihAra kA dRzya aisA thA jaise rAma vana ko jA rahe hoM aura ayodhyAvAsI sajala AMkhoM se unako rokane kI koziza kara rahe hoN| para jinakA avataraNa jagata kalyANa ke lie huA hai ve kisI eka hI sthAna para Tike nahIM raha skte| jaina gajaTa ne likhA vihAra kA dRzya anokhA thA, umar3atI huI bhIr3a kI AMkhoM meM se AMsuoM kI dhAra nikala rahI thii|...kssnn bhara ko sudha-budha khokara saba kucha bhUla gae, jayaghoSoM ke nAroM ke sAtha hajAroM loga DIga grAma taka upAdhyAyazrI ke sAtha aae'| DIga gA~va se vApasa jAte zraddhAlu eka hI bAta pUcha rahe the "mahArAjazrI phira kaba aaoge|" suzIla upAdhyAya, saMvAdadAtA amara ujAlA rur3akI

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM (tridivasIya saMgoSThI kI kAryavAhI) parama pUjya sarAkoddhAraka zramaNa saMta upAdhyAya zrI 108 jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja evaM parama pUjya maunamUrti muni zrI 108 vairAgya sAgara jI mahArAja ke siAnnidhya meM jambUsvAmI. digambara jaina siddhakSetra, caurAsI, mathurA (u. pra.) meM zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI ke dvArA Ayojita "tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha-aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM", viSayaka rASTrIya vidvat saMgoSThI zrI nIraja jaina (satanA) kI adhyakSatA evaM DaoN. jitendra kumAra nidezaka, saMgrahAlaya-mathurA (u.pra.) ke mukhyAtithya meM DaoN. surendra jaina 'bhAratI" (burahAnapura) ke dvArA maMgalAcaraNa, DaoN. zrI raMjana sUri deva ke karakamaloM dvArA dIpa prajjavalana ke uparAnta prArambha hii| DaoN. surezacanda jaina (vArANasI) saciva saMgoSThI evaM nidezaka-zrI gaNezavarNI di. jaina saMsthAna ne prArambhika vaktavya diyaa| anantara saMgoSThI saMyojaka DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina (rur3akI) ne zrI gaNezavarNI di. jaina saMsthAna kA paricaya dete hue batAyA ki "Aja se 50 varSa pUrva sthApita zrI gaNezavarNI granthamAlA kA vikasita rUpa zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna hai, jisakI sthApanA siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacandra jI zAstrI ne san 1972 meM kI thii| grantha prakAzana, vyAkhyAna mAlA evaM saMgoSThiyoM ke Ayojana jaise mahatkArya saMsthAna dvArA kiye jA rahe haiN| pichale 10 varSa se maiM saciva rUpa meM sakriya rUpa se saMsthAna ko dekha rahA huuN| isa madhya saMsthAna ne gatizIla saMsthA kA rUpa prApta kiyA hai| Aja se 2 varSa pUrva paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI ke sAnidhya meM isa saMgoSThI kI rUparekhA banI thI, jo Aja mUrta ho rahI hai| zramaNa saMskRti ko jIvanta banAye rakhane kI kar3I meM yaha saMgoSThI hai|" DaoN. azoka jI ne Agantuka vidvAnoM kA hArdika abhinandana kiyaa|

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha .. xxiv saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN. surezacanda jaina ne isa avasara para saMsthAna kI sthApanA ke saMdarbha meM batAyA ki zrI bAbU rAmasvarUpa jI baruvAsAgara kI mAtra 600 rupaye kI dAna rAzi se pUjya siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacandra zAstrI ne isakI sthApanA kI thii| vigata 25 varSa meM 35 granthoM ke prakAzana ke sAtha jainAgama kI ullekhanIya sevA kI hai| saMsthAna Aja zrI bhAgacanda jI (DUMgaragar3ha) dvArA pradatta bhavana meM saMcAlita hai| anantara Agantuka vidvAnoM/viduSiyoM kA vistRta paricaya saMgoSThI ke sahasaMyojaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina (mahAmaMtrI a.bhA.di. jaina zAstrI pariSada) ne diyA tathA tilaka lagAkara svAgata zrI subhASa canda jI 'paMkaja' evaM zrImatI paMkaja dvArA kiyA gyaa| DaoN. jayaprakAza jaina (mathurA) ne kahA ki tilaka isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki vidvAnoM dvArA jainAgama kI sevA nirantara hotI rhe| unhoMne mathurA meM pa. pUjya zrI jambUsvAmI kI nirvANa sthalI evaM upAdhyAya. zrI ke sAnidhya meM padhArane para hArdika abhinandana kiyaa| udghATana satra ke udbodhana krama meM DaoN. premasumana jaina (udayapura) ne 'prAkRta sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha' viSaya para bolate hue A. yativRSabha dvArA racita 'tiloyapaNNatti' ko pArzvanAtha ke viSaya meM batAne vAlA prathama prAkRta graMtha btaayaa| tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha 'nAtha' zabda jor3ane vAlA evaM cinhoM kI jAnakArI dene vAlA yaha prathama graMtha hai| ___anantara isa satra ke mukhya atithi DaoN. jitendra kumAra jI ne kahA ki kaMkAlI TIlA (mathurA) jaina saMskRti kA prAcInatama sthala hai jahAM se 14 jaina mUrtiyAM utkhanana se prApta huI haiN| jaina mUrti kalA prAcInatama bhAratIya mUrtikalA hai| caurAsI nAmaka TIlA pramukha sthala hai| jahAM se pU. jambU svAmI ne nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| A. supArzvanAtha jI, bha. neminAtha, bha. mahAvIra svAmI ke paTTa ziSya jambU svAmI se mathurA kA sambandha hai| yahAM se bha. supArzvanAtha evaM bha. pArzvanAtha kI 14 mUrtiyAM milI haiN| unhoMne jaina samAja se kaMkAlI TIlA ke uddhAra meM sahayoga kI

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha XXV apekSA vyakta kii| isa TIle kI lambAI caur3AI smitha ne 500 x 300 evaM kaniMghama ne 400 x 300 batAyI hai| apane adhyakSIya vaktavya meM zrI nIraja jaina (satanA) ne batAyA ki jaina vidyA lukI chupI, upekSita rahI kintu lagabhaga 50-60 varSa pUrva zrI ke. DI. vAjapeyI, dakSiNa meM rAmacandrana, banArasa meM rAyakRSNadAsa, hIrAcanda ojhA Adi ke prayAsoM se 'jaina mUrtikalA' ke viSaya meM carcA prArambha huii| unhoMne Adhunika saMcAra sAdhanoM iNTaraneTa Adi para jainAgama ke phIDiMga karAne kI apekSA vyakta kii| unhoMne gaNezavarNI saMsthAna kI isa saMgoSThI ke Ayojana ke lie prazaMsA kI tathA kahA ki saMsthAna paM. phUlacandra jI zAstrI ke vidrohI vyaktitva ko ubhArane kA prayatna kare / sabhAnta meM paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne apane ArzIvacana meM kahA ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana pakSoM ke udghATana kI Aja AvazyakatA hai| koI bhI saMskRti purAtatva, zAstra saMrakSaNa evaM kalAkRtiyoM ke saMrakSaNa se hI saMbhava hai| 150 sthAnoM para hue zAstrArtha ke uparAnta jainatva surakSita raha pAyA / jinake lie bhA. di. jaina saMgha ne aneka kaSTa uThAye / dakSiNa kI `kalAkRtiyAM evaM sAhitya kI upalabdhatA se jainatva kI surakSA kI preraNA milatI hai| bhojapatroM para kA~To se utkIrNa kara jaina grantha likhe gye| kintu Aja Adhunika suvidhAoM ke hone para bhI hama pichar3a rahe haiN| sva. paM. kailAzacanda jI zAstrI, sva. paM. phUlacanda jI zAstrI, paM. darabArI lAla jI koThiyA, paM. pannAlAla jI sAhi. ke jaina sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa kArya kA ullekha kiyA tathA pU. gaNezavarNI jI evaM paM. gopAladAsa jI varaiyA ke jJAna prasAra kI bhAvanA kI sarAhanA karate hue vidvAnoM evaM samAja se jaina sAhitya evaM saMskRti kI surakSA hetu AhvAna kiyaa| satra kA saMcAlana DaoN. surezacanda jaina (vArANasI) ne kiyA dvitIya satra ( aparAhna ) parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja evaM parama pUjya muni zrI vairAgya sAgara jI mahArAja ke punIta sAnidhya meM Ayojita

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XXVI - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM' viSayaka. saMgoSThI kA dvitIya satra DaoN. zrI raMjanasUrideva (paTanA) kI adhyakSatA meM DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina (vArANasI) ke dvArA maMgalAcaraNa se prArambha huaa| satra saMyojaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina (mujaphpharanagara) ne DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina (dillI) ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| jinhoMne saMgoSThI kI upayogitA para saMskRta bhASA meM chandavaddha racanA ko prastuta kiyaa| jJAnadIpa prajjavalana paM. udayacanda jI vArANasI ne kiyaa| Alekha vAcana krama meM sarvaprathama DaoN. premacanda jaina (najIbAbAda) ne tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : aitihAsika pariprekSya meM, viSaya para apane Alekha ke mAdhyama se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko aitihAsika mahApuruSa siddha kiyaa| unhoMne zramaNa evaM vaidika paramparA meM RSabhadeva bhagavAn kA ullekha hone ke bAda bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ko pAThya pustakoM meM jaina dharma kA pravartaka ghoSita karanA durbhAgyapUrNa btaayaa| dvitIya Alekha DA. esa.pI. pATila (dhAravAr3a, karnA.) ne pArzvanAtha iMna cAmuNDarAya purANa eNDa mahApurANa e kampareTiva sTaDI' para AMgla bhASA meM prastuta kiyaa| tRtIya Alekha suzrI DaoN. padmajA pATila (kolhApura) ne 'marAThI sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha' viSayaka par3hA, jisameM marAThI bhASA meM likhita bha. pArzvanAtha sambandhI kAvyoM evaM anya sAhitya para vistRta prakAza ddaalaa| caturtha Alekha DaoN. nalina ke. zAstrI (bodhagayA) ne 'jananAyaka tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha' viSayaka par3hA, jisameM unhoMne tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha se sambandhita pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya vicArakoM ke mata batAkara unheM jananAyaka btaayaa| paMcama Alekha meM DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina (gvAliyara) ne 'bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA : vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM' viSayaka Alekha dvArA bha. pArzvanAtha kA upasarga sthala vanaspati vijJAna kI dRSTi meM himAlaya kI tarAI ke AsapAsa btaayaa| isa prakAra pAMca sAragarbhita zodhaparaka AlekhoM kA vAcana isa satra meM sampanna huaa| apane adhyakSIya vaktavya meM DaoN. zrI raMjanasUrideva (paTanA) ne paThita AlekhoM kI samIkSA kI aura kahA ki ina AlekhoM ke prakAzana se zodhArthiyoM ko nayI dizAyeM mileNgii|

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha xxvii sabhAnta meM upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke zubhAzISa se 'tiloyapaNNattI' grantha (tIna bhAga) kA lokArpaNa paM. udayacaMda jaina (vArANasI) paM. nIraja jaina (satanA), DaoN. zrI raMjanasUrideva (paTanA), DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina (dillI), DaoN. esa.pI. pATila evaM DaoN. zubhacanda jI (maisUra) ne saMyukta rUpa se kara ke pUjya upAdhyAya zrI ke kara kamaloM meM bheMTa kiyaa| anantara nyAyAcArya paM. mahendra kumAra jaina smRti grantha kA vimocana parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI ke kara kamaloM dvArA sampanna huaa| pUrva vaktavya meM DaoN. satyaprakAza jaina (dillI) ne nyAyAcArya mahendra kumAra jaina kA paricaya dete hue unake dvArA alpavaya meM kI gaI jainAgama, nyAya kI sevA kI sarAhanA kii| paM. nIraja jaina (satanA) ne smRti graMtha prakAzana ko mahatvapUrNa kArya btlaayaa| anantara graMtha prakAzakoM kA zrI di. caurAsI mathurA (u.pra.) ke padAdhikAriyoM ne sammAna kiyA gyaa| Aja kI saMgoSThI kI yaha vizeSatA rahI ki saMgoSThI kI saphalatA hetu. megha kucha dera barase aura sampUrNa parisara ko zItalatA pradAna kii| . apane zubhAzIrvacana ke mAdhyama se paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne vidvAnoM ke zrama kI sarAhanA kI aura kahA ki aneka granthoM ke AloDana ke bAda koI kRti sAmane A pAtI hai| vidvAna hI vidvAna ke parizrama ko jAna sakatA hai| ... jisane samayasAra kI anubhUti kI ho, jo svayaM samaya kI sAdhanA karatA hai, usI kA jIvana sArthaka hai| saMsAra aura zarIra kA satya jJAna ho jAne para vairAgya ho jAtA hai| samyaktvAcaraNa kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karane vAlA jJAnaka svabhAva kI ora bar3hatA hai| zubhacanda aura bhartRhari ke jIvana kI ghaTanA kA ullekha kara pUjya upAdhyAya zrI ne kahA ki satya AtmA meM hai| sonA yA vilAsitA meM nhiiN| AcArya kundakundadeva kahate haiM ki jo jANadi arahantaM davvantaguNattapajjayatthe hiM se jANadi appANaM moho khalu jAdi tassa lyN||

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha jinhoMne tiloyapaNNattI, tatvArtha vArtika jaise granthoM kA adhyayana nahIM kiyA ve Agama se paricita nahIM ho skte| AryikA vizuddhamatI mAtA jI (tiloyapaNNattI graMtha kI TIkA likhI) kA vAtsalya evaM jJAna mahanIya hai| zrI di. jaina kSetra kameTI, tijArA sAdhuvAda kI pAtra haiM, jisane ukta kRti kA punarprakAzana kraayaa| jo dhana saMgamaramara ke pattharoM meM na lagAkara jinavANI ke prakAzana meM lagatA hai vaha dhanya ho jAtA hai| xxviii 'nyAyAcArya DaoN. mahendra kumAra jaina smRti graMtha' kA Aja yahAM lokArpaNa kiyA gyaa| purAne vidvAnoM se samAja ko paricita karAne kA yaha zubha prayAsa hai| pU. upAdhyAya zrI ne graMtha prakAzakoM, sampAdakoM ke yogadAna kI sarAhanA kii| vAstava meM vidvAnoM kA sammAna inakA nahIM balki jinavANI kI ArAdhanA kA sammAna hai| upAdhyAya zrI ne kahA ki samyakjJAna amRta tulya hai jo saMsAra ke bhaTake logoM, du:khI logoM ko sukha kA mArga batAtA hai| unhoMne chahaDhAlA kI ina paMktiyoM kA uddhRta kiyA ki jJAna samAna na Ana jagata meM sukha ko kAraNa / ihi paramAmRta janma jarA mRta roga nivArana // Aja pustakeM adhika chapa rahI haiM kintu unameM zuddhatA kA abhAva khalatA hai| ataH jo bhI chape zuddha chapanI caahie| tRtIya satra diH 19.10.97 (rAtrikAlIna satra ) paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke mauna sAnidhya meM Ayojita saMgoSThI kA tRtIya satra vayovRddha manISI paM. udayacanda jaina (vArANasI) kI adhyakSatA evaM DaoN. surezacanda jaina (vArANasI) ke saMyojana meM sampanna huaa| DaoN. jayakumAra jaina (mu0nagara) dvArA maMgalAcaraNa ke uparAnta AlekhavAcana krama meM DaoN0 surendra jaina 'bhAratI' (burahAnapura)

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha xxix dvArA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha viSaya para Alekha par3hakara bha. pArzva ke jIvana, kRtitva se paricita karAte hue tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke nAma para ho rahI mithyA mAnyatAoM ke khaNDana sambandhI bhakta kaviyoM ke vicAroM kA ullekha kiyaa| anantara DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina (gvAliyara) ne 'raoNka ArTa peMTiMgsa eNDa lArDa pArzvanAtha' viSaya para Alekha par3hate hue vibhinna zaila evaM bhitti citroM meM jaina saMracanAoM ke bAre meM btaayaa| tatpazcAt DaoN. azoka kumAra (lADanUM) ne tI. pArzvanAtha kA loka vyApI prabhAvI viSayaka Alekha dvArA batAyA ki Aja bhI bihAra, baMgAla, vaM uttara pradeza kI parvatIya jAtiyoM meM bha. pArzvanAtha ke prati AsthA pAyI jAtI hai sAtha hI vaidika, bauddha evaM jaina AgamoM meM unakA ullekha AyA hai, isase tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI prabhAva dikhAyI detA hai| anantara DaoN. kapUracanda jaina (khataulI) ne 'jaina stotra sAhitya evaM tIrthaMkara. pArzvanAtha' viSaya para AlekhapATha ke mAdhyama se batAyA ki pArzvanAtha eka aise tIrthaMkara haiM jinheM pahale bhI lokadevatA mAnA jAtA thA aura Aja bhI lokadevatA mAnA jAtA hai| satra ke antima Alekha vAcaka ke rUpa meM Aye DaoN. satyaprakAza jaina (dillI) ne 'hindI jaina kathA sAhitya meM bha0 pArzvanAtha' viSaya para Alekha pATha karate hue batAyA ki adhikAMza hindI jaina kathA sAhitya saMskRta prAkRta va apabhraMza bhASA ke sAhitya se anUdita hai| - apane adhyakSIya vaktavya meM paM0 udayacanda jaina (vArANasI) ne paThita AlekhoM kI samIkSA kI evaM mahatvapUrNa sujhAva diye| unhoMne kahA ki sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke mUla siddhAntoM meM koI antara nahIM hai| buddha ke jaina dharma meM dIkSita hone ke pramANoM kI khoja kI jAnI caahie| navagraha vidhAna kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai| unheM kisI tIrthaMkara vizeSa se jor3akara nahIM dekhanA caahie| . anta meM satrasaMyojaka DaoN. surezacanda jaina (vArANasI) ne AbhAra vyakta kiyaa|

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caturtha satra di. 20.10.97 (prAtaH) paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI 108 jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja evaM paramapUjya muni zrI 108 vairAgya sAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM bra bahina sImA jaina evaM bra0 bahina mInA jI ke dvArA bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI stuti svarUpa maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt DaoN. mAruti nandana tivArI (banArasa) kI adhyakSatA evaM DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina (lADanUM) ke saMyojakatva meM prArambha saMgoSThI ke caturtha satra meM DaoN. zrI raMjanasRrideva ne jinasena ke prati rAjA amoghavarSa, ke sammAnabhAva ko rAjya sattA para sArasvata sattA kI vijaya btaayaa| marubhUti jIva kA pArzva ke rUpa meM unnayana hI pAzrvAbhyudaya haiN| jaina paramparA meM dUta paramparA sambandhI sAhitya evaM abhyudaya mUlaka sAhitya sRjana pArvAbhyudaya se hI prArambha huA hai| pAzrvAbhyudaya kA kAvya sauSThava viziSTa hai| AcArya jinasena ko kAlidAsa ke samakakSa mAnakara DaoN. kundanalAla jaina (dillI) ne 'pArzvaprabhu kI kucha kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM' viSaya para AlekhapATha ke mAdhyama se tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI vibhinna pratimAoM ke mAdhyama se aitihAsikatA siddha kii| unhoMne AdhAra paTTa, stUpa evaM vibhinna saMgrahAlayoM meM sthita mUrtiyoM kA ullekha kiyaa| tRtIya Alekha DaoN. ramezacanda jaina (bijanaura) ne 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha paramparA ke uttaravartI sAdhu pAsattha aura. unakA svarUpa' Alekha ke mAdhyama se batAyA ki mathurA se prApta mUrtiyAM digambara hai tathA una para lekha zvetAmbara paramparA kA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki pahale zvetAmbara bhI digambara mUrti ko mAnate the| mathurA kI mUrtiyoM evaM sAhitya se jaina dharma ke lokavyApI jainadharma kA svarUpa patA calatA hai| unhoMne upAdhyAya zrI se kaMkAlI TIlA ko vikasita karavAne hetu nivedana kiyaa| pArzvastha zabda bha0 pArzva kI paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke lie prayoga kiyA jAne lgaa| kintu 'pAsattha' zabda doSayukta paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke lie prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| pArkhApattyIya zabda bha. pArzva ke ziSyoM ke prati sammAna prakaTa karane ke lie kiyA jAtA thaa| caturtha Alekha DaoN. zubhacaMda jaina (maisUra)

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha xxxi ne 'pArzva aura supArzva' viSaya para AMgla bhASA meM pddh'aa| unhoMne nAga jAti, pArzva pratimAoM para nAga kA phaNa ke viSaya meM rocaka jAnakArI dii| paMcama Alekha DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara ne 'pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita katipaya evaM sampradAya bheda' Alekha ke mAdhyama se janmatithi, nAmakaraNa, vivAha, dIkSAtithi, janmakAla Adi ke bheda kI jAnakArI dii| DaoN. jaina ne kahA hai prAcIna zvetAmbara sAhitya se spaSTa hai ki ve pArzvanAtha ko avivAhita hI mAnate rahe haiN| bahuta bAda meM calakara zvetAmbara paramparA meM pArzvanAtha ke vivAha kI bAta samAviSTa kI gii| __paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI ne apane zubhAzIrvacana meM kahA ki Aja kRSNa kI janmabhUmi para kaMsa kI janmabhUmi kA prabhAva adhika dekhA jA rahA hai| sarAka jAti meM aneka parivartana vyavasAyagata ho rahe haiN| sarAka jAti pahale sampanna thI tathA unake mAMjhI upAdhi rAjAoM se sammAna meM prApta thii| Aja bhI unameM jainatva ke saMskAra haiN| puruliyA jile ke sarAka pUrNata: zAkAhArI haiN| vahAM purAne mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra evaM naye mandiroM ko nirmANa, pAThazAlAoM kI sthApanA evaM sarAkoM ko rojagAra prazikSaNa evaM saMmbandhita sAdhana pradAna kiye jA rahe haiN| upAdhyAya zrI ne vidvAnoM se isa kSetra meM zodha evaM sahayoga kA anurodha kiyaa| sarAkoM meM agara binA snAna. kiye vyakti kI chAyA pAnI para par3a jAye to usa pAnI se mahilAyeM bhojana nahIM banAtI, puruSa apanA bhojana svayaM nahIM parosa sakate kyoMki unake kapar3e zuddha nahIM hote, binA snAna kiye mahilAyeM caukA meM nahIM jAtI, vidhavA vivAha evaM vijAtIya vivAha unameM nahIM hote| sarAkoM ne apane saMskAra Aja bhI surakSita rakhe haiN| bihAra meM bha0 mahAvIra ke vicAroM kA pratipAdana evaM pAlana Aja bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| vivAha ke samaya sarAka pArzva prabhu ko yAda karate haiN| caravAha jaise kArya karane vAle sarAka bhI NamokAra maMtra evaM stutiyAM jAnate haiN| upAdhyAya zrI ne kahA ki vidvAnoM dvArA samAja evaM dharma kI patita ho rahI avasthA ko rokA jA sakatA hai| Aja bhI kaI sarAka bandhu sarAka jaba kArya para

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xxxii - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha nikalate haiM to ghara se hI pAnI pIne ke lie le jAte haiM aura punaH ghara Ane para hI pAnI pIte haiN| Aja vahAM cetanA AyI hai jise aura bar3hAne kI AvazyakatA hai| pUjya upAdhyAya zrI ne sabhI paThita AlekhoM kI prazaMsA kii| AlekhavAcanakrama meM SaSTha Alekha DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina (nImaca) . ne 'bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA', prastuta kiyaa| DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina (vArANasI) ne apane lekha 'bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura unakA pArzvanAtha caritra' ke mAdhyama se kahA ki marUbhUmi kA jIvana ahiMsA saMskRti evaM kamaTha kA jIva hiMsA kI saMskRti ko pratiSThita karatA hai| aSTama Alekha meM DaoN. phUlacandra premI ne 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA vyaktitva aura prabhAva' kA vAcana kara lokanAyaka bha0 pArzva ke cintana kA prabhAva vaidika tathA bauddha sAhitya para par3A, isa bAta ke pramANa diye| apane adhyakSIya vaktavya meM DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI (banArasa) ne paThita AlekhoM kI samIkSA kI aura kahA ki itihAsa kA udghATana aura satya kA udghATana pramANoM para AdhArita honA caahie| pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda hai| pArzvanAtha kI paramparA tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA meM eka nadI kI dhArA ke samAna hai jo nirantara jur3atI gii| svayaM ko ArAdhya ke sAtha tAdAtmya karanA pratimA pUjana kA uddezya hai| AcaraNa aura vyavahAra meM hama pArzva ke prabhAva ko aMgIkAra kareM, yahI hamAre pArzva sambandhI cintana kA pariNAma honA caahie| paMcama satra - di0 20.10.97 (dopahara). parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja evaM paramapUjya muni zrI vairAgyasAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM DaoN. prema sumana jaina (udayapura) kI adhyakSatA evaM DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina (vArANasI) ke

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xxxiii tIrthakara pArzvanAtha saMyojakatva meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha' saMgoSThI kA paMcama satra DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina (sanAvada) ke dvArA maMgalAcaraNa evaM nirmala jaina dvArA, dIpa prajjavalana ke sAtha prArambha huaa| AlekhavAcana krama meM sarvaprathama DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina (dillI) ne 'saMskRta sAhitya meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha' viSaya para Alekha prastuta kiyA tathA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha sambandhI saMskRta kAvyoM evaM stotroM kI jAnakArI dete hue tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke vidha pakSoM kA ullekha kiyaa| dvitIya vaktA rUpa meM paM. udayacaMda jaina (vArANasI) meM 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthaH kucha vicAraNIya bindu' viSayaka Alekha ke mAdhyama se tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dvArA nAga nAgina ko NamokAra maMtra sunAne evaM padmAvatI-dharaNendra dvArA upasarga dUra karAne tathA phaNayukta mUrtiyAM banAne kA niSedha kiyaa| tRtIya Alekha DaoN. ena. vasupAla jaina (cennaI) 'pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA' viSaya para AMglabhASA meM prastuta kiyaa| Apane batAyA ki buddha aura mahAvIra ke samaya bhI pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara ke anuyAyI the| ataH unakI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| ___caturtha Alekha DaoN. gopIlAla amara (dillI) ne 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aura nAga paramparA' viSayaka Alekha ke mAdhyama se pArzvanAtha sambandhI vividha pakSoM para prakAza ddaalaa| paMcama Alekha paM. nIraja jaina (satanA) ne 'pArzvaprabhu kI upasargayukta pratimAe~' viSayaka Alekha ke mAdhyama se pArzva kI ina upasarga yukta kRtiyoM kI kalAtmaka vizeSatAyeM btaayiiN| SaSTha Alekha zrI anila kumAra jaina (ahamadAbAdaM) ne 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA nAga jAti dvArA nAga jAti' viSayaka Alekha ke mAdhyama se nAga jAti ke udbhava evaM vikAsa tathA vartamAna svarUpa para prakAza ddaalaa| saptama Alekha zrI nandalAla jaina (rIvA) ne 'pArvApatya kathAnaka ke AdhAra para bha0 pArzvanAtha ke upadeza' viSaya para vicArottejaka Alekha prastuta kiyaa| adhyakSIya vaktavya meM DaoN. premasumana jaina (udayapura) ne paThita AlekhoM para apanA adhyakSIya vaktavya diyA tathA kahA ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke Upara vistRta evaM saTIka pustaka prakAzita honI caahie|

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KhKhKhin tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha sthAnIya zrI subhASa jI paMkaja ne isa saMgoSThI ko caurAsI maMdira ke itihAsa meM abhUtapUrva upalabdhi btaayaa| sabhAnta meM upadhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne apanA zubhAzIrvAda dete hue kahA ki jinendra prabhu kI upekSAkara padmAvatI kI pUjA zocanIya hai| jaina dharma vItarAgatA para AdhArita hai| isameM pUjA ke lie svargika devI-devatAoM ke lie kahIM koI sthAna nahIM hai| Aja jo digambara mUrtiyoM ko zvetAmbarIya evaM mUrtiyoM ke zilAlekha badalavAne kI kuceSTA kara rahe haiM unase sajaga rahane kI AvazyakatA hai| Aja kalA, saMskRti evaM sAhitya para hone vAle kuThArAghAta ko rokane kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai, aisA kara hI hama sacce sapUta bana sakate haiN| anta meM pArzvaprabhu kI jayadhvani ke sAtha sabhA ko samApta kiyA gyaa| SaSThaM satra di. 20.10.97 (rAtri) parama pUjya AdhyAtmika saMta upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke maMgala sAnidhya meM zrI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha saMgoSThI kA SaSTha satra DA. kamaleza kumAra jaina (vArANasI.) ke dvArA vIraprabhu kI stuti svarUpa maMgalAcaraNa ke mAdhyama se zrI paM. nIraja jaina (satanA) kI adhyakSatA evaM DaoN. phUlacanda 'premI' ke saMyojakatva meM sampanna huaa| AlekhavAcana krama meM DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina 'bhAratI' (sanAvada) ne 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya' Alekha ke mAdhyama se tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke atizaya se sampanna kSetroM meM bhArata ke vibhinna prAntoM meM virAjita bha. pArzva prabhu kI mUrtiyoM kI jAnakArI dii| dvitIya Alekha DaoN. lAla canda jaina ne 'apabhraMza sAhitya meM bha. pArzvanAtha' viSaya para vikraya saM. 10vIM se 16vIM taka ke sAhitya meM varNita pArzvanAtha sambandhI sAhitya ko rekhAMkita karate hue pArzva ke jIvana ke viSaya meM jAnakAriyAM pradAna kii| DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI (vArANasI) ne 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha XXXV kI mUrtiyAM, lakSaNa aura vaiziSTya' viSaya para Alekha par3hA evaM slAiDsa-projekTara ke mAdhyama se landana evaM bhAratIya myujiyamsa tathA guphAoM meM upalabdha bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM ko dikhAkara unakI vizeSatAoM se rUbarU avagata kraayaa| __caturtha Alekha vAcaka ke rUpa meM DaoN. zailendra kumAra rastogI (lakhanaU) ne 'mAthurI zilpa meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA durlabha citrAMkana' viSaya para Alekha pATha kara mAthurI zilpa meM nirmita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI prAcIna mUrtiyoM evaM unakI vizeSatAoM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI dI tathA projekTara-slAiDsa ke mAdhyama se kuSANakAlIna mUrtiyAM jo mathurA se prApta huI haiM; unheM dikhAyA aura vistRta jAnakArI dii| paMcama Alekha DaoN. jinezvara dAsa jaina (jayapura) dvArA 'kamboDiyA meM aMgakoravATa ke paMcamerU mandira' viSayaka Alekha par3hA evaM sambandhita citra dikhAye kintu Alekha pAThaka ke mata se vidvAna sahamata nahIM hue| sabhAnta meM zrI nIraja jaina (satanA) ne apanA adhyakSIya vaktavya diyA aura paThita AlekhoM kI samIkSA kii| . saptama satra di. 21.10.97 (prAtaH) __ . parama pUjya AdhyAtki saMta upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja evaM paramapUjya muni zrI vairAgyasAgara jI mahArAja ke maMgala sAnidhya meM zrI di: jaina jambUsvAmI siddhakSetra caurAsI mathurA (u.pra.) meM zrI gaNezavarNI dvArA saMyojita 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha rASTrIya saMgoSThI' kA yaha samApana satra zrImAn DA. devendra kumAra jaina (nImaca) kI adhyakSatA evaM DaoN. premacanda jaina (najIbAbAda) ke saMyojakatva meM zrI paM. munnA lAla jaina (lalitapura) ke dvArA maMgalAcaraNa se prArambha isa satra meM DaoN. sImA jaina (jabalapura) ne 'aitihAsikatA ke krama meM bha0 pArzvanAtha kI bhUmikA' viSaya para Alekha pATha karate hue bha0 pArzvanAtha ke vRhata, anuyAyiyoM, tIrthoM, sAhitya,

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Xxxvi tIrthakara pArzvanAtha zilpa meM ullekha kA smaraNa karate hue unakI aitihAsikatA kA aucitya siddha kiyaa| dvitIya Alekha paM. nirmala jaina (satanA) ne 'kahAM huA kamaTha kA upasarga' ahicchetra evaM bijauliyA kA paricaya dekara bijauliyA ko upasarga sthalI batAyA kintu vidvAn isase sahamata nahIM hue| tRtIya Alekha DaoN. surezacanda jaina (vArANasI) ne 'kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura pArzvanAtha' viSayaka Alekha ke mAdhyama se kAzI kI aitihAsikatA evaM zramaNa paramparA ke sAkSyoM para vistAra se prakAza ddaalaa| saMgoSThI saMyojaka DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina (rur3akI) ne apane udbodhana ke mAdhyama se pArzvanAtha ke samaya kI vAstavika zodha evaM jaina saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa kI apIla kii| bAla devarddhi milinda (maisUra) ne maMgala zlokoM kA pATha kiyaa| saMgoSThI kA prativedana DaoN. jayakumAra jaina (munagara) ne prastuta kiyaa| tadantara DaoN. prakAza canda jaina (dillI) saMgoSThI kI upalabdhiyoM para saMskRta racanA prastuta kii| sabhI Agantuka vidvAnoM ko prazasti patra graMtha puSpahAra evaM tilaka lagAkara sammAna diyA gyaa| saMgoSThI ke prati apanA dRSTikoNa DaoN. zubhacanda jaina (maisUra) evaM DaoN. mArUtinandana tivArI ne vyakta kiyA tathA isa saMgoSThI ko uttara evaM dakSiNa ke mela kA pramukha saphala AyAma nirUpita kiyaa| zrI jambUsvAmI di. jaina siddhakSetra caurAsI mathurA ke adhyakSa zrI seTha vijaya kumAra jaina ne saMgoSThI meM Agantuka vidvAnoM ke prati AbhAra mAnA tathA kahA ki Apa sabake vicAroM se hameM (mathurAvAsiyoM ko bhI) mathurA kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA paricaya milA unhoMne zrI jambUsvAmI evaM mathurA ke mUrti zilpa para eka pRthaka seminAra evaM paricayAtmaka graMtha banAne hetu Age Ane kI apIla kii| DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina ne apane adhyakSIya sambodhana meM kahA ki pUre deza meM prathama bAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke jIvana evaM sAhitya ke viSaya samA

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha Xxxvii meM vicAra manthana huaa| anta meM parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI 108 jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne apane maMgala AzIrvAda meM kahA ki vidvAnoM ko eka Alekha taiyAra karane meM kaI mahIne prayAsa karanA par3atA hai| samAja ko ina jinavANI ke sevakoM kA sammAna karanA caahie| pArzva prabhu kI jayadhvani ke sAtha saMgoSThI kA samApana huaa| DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina bhAratI burahAnapura

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xxxviii Ayojaka saMgoSThI sthala preraka evaM sAnnidhya prathama satra maMgalAcaraNa dIpaprajvalana adhyakSatA mukhya atithi saMgoSThI saMyojaka vidvat paricaya svAgata Alekha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI : zrI 1008 jambU svAmI digambara jaina siddha kSetra, caurAsI- ma - mathurA : parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kAryakrama : 19.10.97 samaya : 10.00 se 12.00 : DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina "bhAratI" : DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, paTanA : zrI nIraja jaina, satanA : zrI DaoN. jitendra kumAra, nidezaka, purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA : zrI DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, rur3akI ( saMsthAna paricaya evaM saMgoSThI kA saMkSipta vivaraNa ) : DaoN. surezacandra jaina, vArANasI : DaoN. jayaprakAza jaina, maMtrI zrI jambU svAmI, siddha kSetra, mathurA : 1. DaoN. premasumana jaina ( prAkRta sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha ) 2. DaoN. jitendra kumAra jaina (mathurA evaM jaina paramparA )

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XXXIX tIrthakara pArzvanAtha adhyakSIya udbodhana : zrI nIraja jaina pUjya upAdhyAya zrI kA AzIrvacana dvitIya satra : 19.10.97 samaya : aparAnha 1.30 se 4.30 maMgalAcaraNa : DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI * dIpa prajvalana paM. udayacanda jaina, vArANasI adhyakSatA . : DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, paTanA saMskRta kAvya pATha : DaoN. prakAza canda jaina, dillI Alekha : 1. DaoN. prema canda jaina, najIbAbAda 2. DaoN. esa. pI.. pATila, dhAravAr3a .3. DaoN. nalina zAstrI, gayA 4. DaoN. azokakumAra jaina, gvAliyara lokArpaNa .: 1. tiloyapaNNati . 2. paM. mahendra kumAra jaina-smRtigrantha adhyakSIya vaktavya : DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva tRtIya.satra : : zilpa evaM purAtatva meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dinAMka : 19.10.97 samaya : 7.00 se 9.30 . maMgalAcaraNa : DaoN. jaya kumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara adhyakSatA : paM. udayacanda jaina, vArANasI satra saMyojana : DaoN. surezacanda jaina, vArANasI Alekha : 1. DaoN. surendra jaina "bhAratI", burahAnapura 2. DaoN. abhaya prakAza jaina, gvAliyara 3. DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, lADanUM 4. DaoN. kapUra canda jaina, khataulI 5. DaoN. satya prakAza jaina, dillI adhyakSIya vaktavya : paM. udayacanda jaina

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha caturtha satra dinAMka maMgalAcaraNa adhyakSatA satra saMyojana Alekha adhyakSIya vaktavya paJcama satra dinAMka maMgalAcaraNa dIpa prajvalana adhyakSatA satra saMyojana Alekha : jaina sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : 20.10.97 samaya : prAtaH 8 se 10.30 : bra. sImA jaina evaM bra0 mInA jI : DaoN. mAruti nandana tivArI : DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, lADanUM : 1. DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, paTanA ... 2. DaoN. kundanalAla jaina, dillI . 3. DaoN. rameza canda jaina, bijanaura 4. DaoN. zubha candra, maisUra 5. DaoN. jaya kumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara 6. DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI, nImaca . 7. DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI 8. DaoN. phUlacanda premI, vArANasI : DaoN. mAruti nandana tivArI . :: jaina sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : 20.10.97 samaya : aparAnha 1.30 se 4.30 : DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina, sanAvada : paM. nirmala jaina, satanA , : DaoN. prema sumana jaina, udayapura : DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI * : 1. DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina, dillI 2. paM. udayacanda jaina, vArANasI 3. DaoN. ena vAsupAla, cennaI . 4. DaoN. gopIlAla amara, dillI 5. paM. nIraja jaina, satanA 6. zrI anila kumAra jaina, ahamadAbAda 7. DaoN. nandalAla jaina, rIvAM : DaoN. prema sumana jaina : pUjya upAdhyAya zrI adhyakSIya vaktavya udbodhana

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Alekha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha SaSTha satra : itihAsa evaM vijJAna ke Aloka meM pArzvanAtha dinAMka : 20.10.97 samaya : sAMyakAla 7 se 9 maMgalAcaraNa , : DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina adhyakSatA ... : paM. nIraja jaina, satanA satra saMyojaka : DaoN. phUlacandra premI, vArANasI : 1. DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina bhAratI, sanAvada 2. DaoN. lAla canda jaina, vaizAlI 3. DaoN. mAruti nandana tivArI, vArANasI 4. DaoN. zailendra kumAra rastogI, lakhanaU 5. DaoN. jinezvara dAsa jaina, jayapura adhyakSIya vaktavya . : paM. nIraja jaina saptama satra : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : vividha pakSa dinAMka : 21.10.97 samaya : prAtaH 8 se 10.30 maMgalAcaraNa : paM. munnA lAla jaina, lalitapura adhyakSatA . : DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina, nImaca satra saMyojana : DaoN. prema canda jaina, najIbAbAda Alekha : 1. DaoN. sImA jaina, jabalapura 2. paM. nirmala jaina, satanA | 3. DaoN. sureza canda jaina, vArANasI saMyojakIya vaktavya : DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, rur3akI saMgoSThI samIkSA : DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara vidvAnoM kA sammAna : zrI seTha vijayakumAra jaina, mathurA, DaoN. jaya prakAza jaina. mathurA, AbhAra evaM dhanyavAda jJApana : zrI seTha vijayakumAra jaina adhyakSIya vaktavya : DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI, nImaca udbodhana : pUjya upAdhyAya zrI

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saMgoSThI meM samAgata vidvAnoM kI sUcI 1. DaoN. ena. vAsupAla 6. DaoN. zrIraMjana sarideva rIDara tathA vibhAgAdhyakSa pI.ena. sinhA kaoNlonI jainAlAjI vibhAga bhikhanA pahAr3I; madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya, cepaka paTanA - 800 006 . cennaI - 600 005 7. DaoN. esa. pI. pATila 2. DaoN. zailendra kumAra rastogI adhyakSa, jainAlAjI vibhAga . saparyA karnATaka vizvavidyAlaya . 223/10, rastogI TolA dhAravAr3a - 580 003 rAjA bAjAra lakhanaU - 226 003 8. zrI je. DI. jaina . . e-2, zrIjI nagara .. 3. DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina durgApurA, jayapura - 302 018 . jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka . darzana vibhAga . 9. DaoN. ramezacandra jaina jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna . jaina mandira ke pAsa lADanUM - nAgaura (rAja.) . bijanaura (u. pra.) pina - 341 306 10. DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina 4. zrI nirmala jaina, sadasya e-170 nyU indirA nagara suSamA presa kampAunDa burahAnapura (ma. pra.) satanA - 485 001 (ma.pra.) 11. DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina 5. zrI nIraja jaina dvArA zrI bAlakarAma caudharI gurjara zAnti sadana, kampanI bAga 34, gopAla nivAsa, . satanA (ma. pra.) ema.jI. ror3a sanAvada, pina - 485 001 jilA kharagauna (ma.pra.)

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xlii tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 12. DaoN. sImA jaina 18. DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina putrI - zrI ajita kumAra jaina 12, zItala kaoNlonI eDavokeTa , balavanta nagara 18, sivila lAinsa gvAliyara (ma. pra.) lalitapura (u. pra.) 19. zrI jitendra kumAra 13. DaoN. gopIlAla jI amara nidezaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha . mathurA saMgrahAlaya 18, iMsTITyUTazanala eriyA . mathurA (u. pra.) nayI dillI - 110 003 20. paM. kundanalAla jI jaina 14. DaoN. abhaya prakAza jaina. - zruta kuTIra, yudhiSThira galI ena - 14, cetaka purI 8, vizvAsa mArga, zAhadarA gvAliyara - 474 009 dillI - 32 15. DaoN. anila kumAra jaina * 12, zAradA kRpA sosAiTI po. A. cA~dakher3A / .. ahamadAbAda - 382 424 21. DaoN. padmajA pATila itihAsa vibhAga zivAjI vizvavidyAlaya kolhApura - 416 004 16. DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI upanidezaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, iMsTITyUzanala eriyA nayI dillI - 110 003 22. DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina bI. 2/249, lena naM. 14 ravIndrapurI vArANasI - 221 005 phona - 0542-315323 17. DaoN. lAlacanda jaina 23. DaoN. nalina zAstrI .. prAkRta zodha saMsthAna vanaspati vibhAga, - vaizAlI, mujaphpharapura - (bihAra) magadha vizvavidyAlaya, gayA (bihAra)

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xliv tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 24. DaoN. satya prakAza jaina bI. 173, sUrajamala vihAra dillI - 110 092 30. zrI satyendra kumAra jaina . AcArya vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna jabalapura 25. DaoN. zubha candra jainAlAjI evaM prAkRta vibhAga maisUra vizvavidyAlaya maisUra - 570 006 31. DaoN. (zrImati) jainamati jaina jaina bAbA vizrAma dharaharA (bhojapura), ... bihAra 26. pro. premasumana jaina 29, sundara nivAsa (nArtha) udayapura - 313 001 (rAja.) 32. zrImati saroja jaina .. 29, sundara nivAsa (nArtha) udayapura - 313 001 (rAja.) . 27. pro. udayacandra jaina 122-bI, ravIndrapurI lena naM. 11 vArANasI - 221 005 phona - 0542-312322 . 33. DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, saMyojakaM. 203/5, sarasvatI kuMja rur3akI vizvavidyAlaya rur3akI - 247 667 (u. pra.) phona - 01332-74144 28. DaoN. nandalAla jaina 12/644, bajaraMga nagara rIvA - 486 001 (ma. pra.) 29. DaoN. premacandra jaina adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga sAhU jaina kAleja najIbAbAda - 246 863 34. DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, sahasaMyojaka 261/3, paTela nagara naI maNDI, mujaphphara nagara - 251 001 phona - 0131-403730

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 35. DaoN. surezacandra jaina, saciva zrI gaNeza varNI digaMbara jaina saMsthAna vArANasI -- 221 005 0542-314098 nariyA, phona 36. DaoN. phUlacandra premI bI. 23/45, pI-6, zAradA nagara navAbagaMja mArga, vArANasI 0542-315451 phona 37. DaoN. kapUracandra jaina, sadasya sTApha kvArTara naM. 6 zrI kundakunda mahAvidyAlaya khataulI 251 201. phona - 01316-73339. - 221 010 xlv

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM Ayojita rASTrIya saMgoSThI rASTrIya parAmarza maMDala DaoN. maMDana mizra, kulapati, saMpUrNAnaMda vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI DaoN. madhusUdana DhAkI, amerikI saMsthAna, rAmanagara, vArANasI zrI nIraja jaina, satanA DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI, kalA - itihAsa vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0vi0, vArANasI DaoN. nandalAla jaina, vA~ DaoN. lakSmIcandra jaina, jabalapura DaoN. nemIcanda jaina, indaura - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, vArANasI pro. udayacanda jaina, vArANasI

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. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pariprekSya. meM Ayojita rASTrIya saMgoSThI saMyojana samiti 1. DaoN.. azoka kumAra jaina, saMyojaka 203/5, sarasvatI kuMja rur3akI vizvavidyAlaya rur3akI-247 667 (u. pra.) 2. DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, sahasaMyojaka 261/3, paTela nagara naI maNDI mujaphpharanagara-251 001 3. DaoN. surezacandra jaina, saciva zrI gaNeza varNI digaMbara jaina saMsthAna . nariyA, vArANasI-221 005 4. DaoN. phUlacandra premI ... bI. 23/45, pI-6, zAradA nagara navAbagaMja mArga vArANasI-221 010 5. DaoN. kapUracandra jaina, sadasya sTApha kvArTara naM. 6 zrI kundakunda mahAvidyAlaya khataulI - 251 201

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha . 43 pArzva paramparA ke uttaravartI sAdhu aura unakA svarUpa DaoN. ramezacandra jaina pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita katipaya tathya aura sampradAya bheda __DaoN. jayakumAra jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA tathA apabhraMza sAhitya viSayaka ullekha DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI kahA~ huA kamaTha kA upasarga zrI nirmala jaina kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ___ DaoN. surezacandra jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana DaoN. phUlacanda jaina premI jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha . . ___ zrI satyendra kumAra jaina bhagavAna pArzvanAtha upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma DaoN. (zrImatI) jainamatI jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI prabhAva DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA nAga jAti DaoN. anila kumAra jaina Pasrvanath as seen in Maha-Purana and Cavundaraya Purana: A Comparative Study Dr. S.P. Patil / jana

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha . . pArzva paramparA ke uttaravartI sAdhu aura unakA svarUpa DaoN. ramezacandra jaina pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita katipaya tathya aura sampradAya bheda DaoN. jayakumAra jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA tathA apabhraMza ... .. sAhitya viSayaka ullekha __DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI kahA~ huA kamaTha kA upasarga zrI nirmala jaina kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha DaoN. surezacandra jaina .. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana DaoN. phUlacanda jaina premI jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha . ___ zrI satyendra kumAra jaina bhagavAna pArzvanAtha upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma DaoN. (zrImatI) jainamatI jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI prabhAva DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA nAga jAti DaoN. anila kumAra jaina 79 Pasrvanath as seen in Maha-Purana and Cavundaraya Purana : A Comparative Study Dr. S.P. Patil

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124 134 145 168 179 185 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha. Historicity of Tirthankara Pasrvanatha and his Workship Dr. N. Vasupal marAThI sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha DaoN. padmajA pATila apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha pro. DaoN. lAlacanda jaina bhaTTAraka sakalaMkIrti aura unakA pArzvanAthacaritam DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina . jaina stotra aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha . . DaoN. kapUracanda jaina . . apabhraMza bhASA ke pArzvanAthacarita-eka vimarza zrImatI saroja jaina ' tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA - ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha - DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina (bhAratI) prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha prophesara lakSmIcandra jaina evaM bra. kumArI mInA jaina AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) aura unakA 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya DaoN. zrIraMjanasUri deva zilpakalA evaM sthApatya ke vividha AyAmoM meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha DaoN. suzrI sImA jaina Supasrhva and Pasrhva - Some Reflections ... Prof. Shubhachandra Tirthankara Pasrvanatha and Naga-Cult Acharya Gopilal Amar 191 210 231 242 244 253

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 260 265 / 1 278 284 eka jananAyaka tIrthaMkara : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha DaoN. nalina ke. zAstrI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM : lakSaNa aura vaiziSTya __ DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI zaila citrakalA saMpadA aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha .. DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina mAthurI zilpa meM durlabha pAzrvAMkana DaoN. zailendra kumAra rastogI .. pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha zrI nIraja jaina bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : aitihAsika pariprekSya meM , DaoN. premacandra jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : aitihAsika pariprekSya meM DaoN. premacandra jaina prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM zrI kundana lAla jaina 303 322. 331

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rASTrApa da Ayojaka:- zrI gaNeza va digambara jaina saMsthAna dinAMka:-19-10-97 se 21-10-97 paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha saMgoSThI meM bolate huye zubhacandra jI maisUra baiThe huye DA0 azoka jI, paM0 nIraja jI, phUlacandra premI Adi vidvatagaNa / rASTrIya saNA Ayojaka:- zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI. pAvana sAnnidhya- parama pUjya upAdhyAya zrI 108 jJAna sAgara jI mahArAja - zrI 108 vairAgya sAgara dinAMka :- 19-10-97 se 21-10-97 . paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM Ayojita saMgoSThI ke avasara para vidvAnoM kI eka jhalaka /

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meraTha meM paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM zrI gaNeza prasAda jI dvArA likhita merI jIvana gAthA pustaka kA vimocana karate huye DA0 ramezacandra jaina, DA0 phUlacandra jaina, DA0 surezacandra jaina evaM DA0 kamaleza kumAra jain| paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM pArzvanAtha saMgoSThI meM baiThe huye DA0 azoka jI, DA0 sureza jI, DA0 udayacandra jI, DA0 prema sumana Adi vidvtgnn|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha -upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara mahArAja bhAratavarSa ke dhArmika, naitika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM jina mahAn vibhUtiyoM kA cirasthAyI prabhAva hai, unameM jaina dharma ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara devAdhideva bhagavAn pArzvanAtha anyatama haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake pAvana jIvana ko janamAnasa meM pracArita-prasArita karane kI bhAvanA se aneka kaviyoM ne prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM pracura sAhitya kI saraMcanA kI hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra svAmI ke samAna hI eka aitihAsika mahAmAnava tathA isa kAlacakra kI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara hai| mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha tathA mAtA trizalA pApityIya the| AThavIM zatAbdI ke suprasiddha jainAcArya devasena ne darzanasAra nAmaka apane grantha meM ullekha kiyA hai mahAtmA buddha prAraMbha meM jaina the| unhoMne jainAcArya pihitAsrava se sarayU nadI ke taTa para avasthita palAza nAmaka groma meM pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke saMgha meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| dIkSA ke pazcAt unakA nAma buddhakIrti rakhA gayA thaa| bauddhadharma ke suprasiddha vidvAna zrI dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne apanI pustaka 'pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma' meM yaha siddha karane kA sayuktika prayAsa kiyA hai ki mahAtmA buddha ne bha0 pArzvanAtha dvArA upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma ko hI madhyama mArga karake apane dharma meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| cAturyAma ke antargata ahiMsA, satya, acaurya evaM brahmacarya kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| zrI kauzAmbI ke anusAra aparigraha kA samAveza to dezakAlocita paristhitiyoM ke anusAra mahAvIra svAmI ne kiyA hai| yadi aisA na kiyA gayA hotA to dharma sthira nahIM raha sakatA thaa| . majjhimanikAya aura mahAsIhanAdasutta meM buddha ne svayaM apanI tapazcaryA ke sambandha meM varNana karate hue vastra rahita rahane, hAthoM se

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... tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha liv AhAra grahaNa karane, dAr3hI evaM mUchoM ke kezaloMca karane tathA zItoSNa pariSaha sahana karane kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo sampUrNa jaina dharmamAnya caryA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha donoM ko pArzvanAtha kI paramparA virAsata meM milI thii| bauddhagrantha aMguttara nikAya kI aTThakathA ke matAnusAra gautama buddha ke cAcA vappa nirgrantha zrAvaka the| nyagrodha nAmaka udyAna meM vappa aura gautama buddha kA kucha dhArmika viSayoM para saMvAda bhI huA thaa| jaina zAstroM kI mAnyatAnusAra pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa bIta jAne para mahAvIra svAmI kA janma huA thaa| vIranirvANa saMvat aura IsvI san meM 527 varSa kA antara hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI Ayu kucha kama 72 varSa kI thii| ataeva 527+72=599 IsvIpUrva meM mahAvIra kA janma siddha hotA hai| isake 250 varSa pUrva pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa huA thA tathA unakI Ayu 100 varSa thii| isa prakAra 599+ 3503949 IsvIpUrva meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma honA pramANasiddha hai| DaoN. harmana jaikobI ne majjhimanikAya meM vidyamAna eka vivAda kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo saccaka aura buddha ke madhya huA thaa| saccaka kA pitA nirgrantha thA parantu saccaka svayaM nirgrantha nahIM thaa| usane to bhagavAna mahAvIra ko bhI parAjita karane kI garvokti kI hai| buddha aura mahAvIra svAmI kA samaya prAyaH eka hai, pratyuta mahAtmA buddha Ayu meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se kucha jyeSTha hI hai| buddha ke pUrvajoM kA nirgrantha sampradAya pApityIya hI thA, yaha bAta unake cAcA vappa ke pAzrvApatyIya hone se siddha hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM kahA hai ki maiM usa dharma kA pracAra kara rahA hU~, jo mujhase pUrva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne kiyA thaa| ataH bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA janma pauSa kRSNA ekAdazI ko kAzIdeza ke vArANasI nAmaka nagara meM huA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma azvasena (vizvasena) tathA mAtA kA nAma brAhmI (vAmA) thaa| inakI mAtA ke nAma kA vammA aura vammilA bhI ullekha milatA hai| jo bhASAvijJAnamata vaiminya pratIta hotA hai| ve ugravaMzI kAzyapagotrI kSatriya the| kahIM-kahIM

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha unheM ikSvAkuvaMzI bhI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| pArzva kI mAtA jaba gArbhiNI thI, taba unhoMne pArzva-pAsa meM eka sarpa dekhA thA, isI kAraNa unakA nAma pArzva rakhA gayA thaa| kahIM-kahIM aisA bhI kahA gayA hai ki janmakalyANaka ke samaya indra ne unakA nAmakaraNa pArzva kiyA thaa| pArzva kI Ayu jaba 16 varSa thI taba unake jIvana meM eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA ghaTita huii| eka bAra ve vanakrIDA ke lie udyAna meM gye| vahA~ unakA nAnA mahIpAla. patnI ke viyoga se du:khI hokara paMcAgina tapa kara rahA thaa| vaha tApasa eka lakar3I ko kATane hI vAlA thA ki kumAra pAva ne use rokate hue kahA ki isame do prANI haiM, ise mata kaatto| parantu ghamaNDa ke kAraNa tApasa mahIpAla nahIM maanaa| usake kulhAr3e se eka nAgayugala kaTa gyaa| kumAra pArzva ne dayArdra bhAva se usa nAgayugala ko paJcanamaskAra mantra sunaayaa| isa mantra ke prabhAva se vaha nAgayugala dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI nAmaka nAgajAtIya devayugala ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| kumAra pArzva ne 30 varSa kI avasthA meM ayodhyA nareza jayasena ke dUta dvArA prasaMgataH Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA varNana sunaa| ise sunakara ve saMsAra se virakta ho gaye tathA 300 anya rAjAoM ke sAtha pauSa kRSNA ekAdazI ko dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| kezalauMca karane ke bAda ve. gulmakheTa nagara pahu~ce jahA~ rAjA dhanya ne unheM navadhA bhakti pUrvaka AhAra diyaa| sampUrNa digambara paramparA pArzvanAtha ko bAlayati (avivAhita) mAnatI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI vivAha kA ullekha bahuta arvAcIna hai| zvetAmbara grantha Avazyaka niyukti aura kalpasUtra meM to spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne strI aura abhiSeka ke binA kumArAvasthA meM pravrajyA lI thii| samavAyAMga sUtra meM vivAha kA prasaMga hI nahIM uThAkara kevala itanA kahA gayA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne kumAravasthA meM hI dIkSA le lI thii| vi0 saM0 925 meM zIlAMka ne 'caupannamahApurisacariya' meM sarvaprathama ullekha kiyA hai ki rAjA prasenajit kI putrI prabhAvatI se unakA vivAha haA thaa| yaha ullekha zIlAMka ne kisa AdhAra para kiyA hai - yaha kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| isake bAda 13vIM zatAbdI ke hemacandrAcArya tathA

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Ivi tIrthakara pArzvanAtha .17vIM zatAbdI ke padmasundarasUri nAmaka vidvAnoM ne zIlAMka kA anusaraNa kiyA hai tathA apane hI mAnya Agama granthoM Avazyaka niyukti evaM kalpasUtra ke kathana ko nahIM mAnA - yaha bar3e hI Azcarya kI bAta hai| eka samaya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha tapasyA meM lIna the ki pUrva janma kA bairI zambara deva AkAza mArga se kahIM jA rahA thaa| akasmAt usakA vimAna rUka gyaa| pUrvajanma ke bairavaza usane aneka upasarga kiye tathA garjanA ke sAtha mahAvRSTi karanA prAraMbha kara dii| avadhijJAna se dharaNendra va padmAvatI ne upasarga ko jaanaa| aura usa upasarga kA nivAraNa kiyaa| mohanIya karma ke kSINa hoM jAne se zambarakRta upasarga svataH dUra ho gyaa| dharaNendra aura padmAvatI to kevala nimita mAtra huye| caitra kRSNa trayodazI ko unheM kevala jJAna kI prApti huI tathA 69 varSa 7 mAha takaM vihAra karane ke bAda ve nirvANa ke 1 mAha pUrva 36 muniyoM ke sAtha sammeda zikhara para virAjamAna ho gye| vahIM se unheM. nirvANa prApta huaa| nirgrantha paramparA ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA sammAna bhAratIya janamAnasa meM isI se dyotita hotA hai ki jahA~. jaina paramparA unakI nirvANa sthalI sammeda zikhara jI ko kahatI hai, vahA~ janasAmAnya use pArasa pahAr3I nAma se jAnatA hai| bihAra va baMgAla meM to sabhI unheM samAna rUpa se pUjate haiM tathA apane ko dhanya mAnate haiN|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : kucha vicAraNIya bindu - paM. udayacandra jaina* 1. kAla vicAra pracalita jaina paramparA ke anusAra pArzvanAtha teIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiN| kucha jaina vidvAnoM ke anusAra pArzvanAthaM ke nirvANa ke bAda 250 varSa bIta jAne para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| yadi bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma IsA pUrva 599 meM mAnya hai to pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa IsApUrva 849 meM aura janma 949 meM siddha hotA hai| isa hisAba se pArzvanAtha ke janma ke varSa se isa samaya 2946 varSa bIta cuke haiM aura tIna hajAra varSa pUre hone meM abhI 54 varSa zeSa haiN| tathA isa samaya pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ke pazcAt 2846 barSa ho gaye haiN| . . eka vidvAna DaoN. eca. sI. rAya caudharI ne Political History of India (P.97) meM likhA hai ki pArzvanAtha kA janma IsApUrva 877 meM aura nirvANa IsApUrva 777 meM huA thaa| inake mata ke anusAra pUrvokta janmavarSa aura nirvANa varSa meM 72 varSa kA antara prApta hotA hai| AcArya yativRSabha ne tiloyapaNNatti nAmaka grantha ke caturtha adhikAra meM likhA hai ki pArzvanAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 278 varSa pahale hue the| isa mata ke anusAra bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki pArzvanAtha kA janma IsApUrva 877 meM aura nirvANa IsApUrva 777 meM huA thaa| AcArya yativRSabha ke mata ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ke janma varSa se tIna hajAra varSa pUre hone meM abhI 126 varSa zeSa haiN| _ AcArya guNabhadra kA mata bhI aisA hI hai| unake anusAra pArzvanAtha ke .. nirvANa ke 250 varSa ke bAda mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA thaa| unhoMne ... uttarapurANa meM likhA hai - * sarvadarzanAcArya, vArANasI

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- tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pArzvezatIrtha santAne pnycaashdvishtaabdke| tadabhyantara vAyurmahAvIro'nna jAtavAn / / 74/249 . isakA artha yaha hai ki pArzvanAtha ke bAda 250 varSa bIta jAne para mahAvIra hue| unakI Ayu bhI isI meM zAmila hai| arthAta pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa bAda mahAvIra kA nirvANa huaa| isa mata ke anusAra bhI pArzvanAtha kA janma IsApUrva 877 meM aura nirvANa 777 meM huA thaa| ata: yaha mAnyatA galata pratIta hotI hai ki pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ke bAda 250 varSa bIta jAne para mahAvIra kA janma huA thA tathya yaha hai ki pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ke 178 varSa bAda mahAvIra kA janma huA thA aura 250 varSa bAda nirvANa huA thaa| pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa IsApUrva 777 meM huA thA aura mahAvIra kA nirvANa IsApUrva 527 meM huA thaa| ata: pArzvanAtha ke janma varSa se tIna hajAra varSa pUre hone meM abhI 126 varSa zeSa haiM aura nirvANa : varSa se tIna hajAra varSa pUre hone meM abhI 226. varSa zeSa haiN| 2. janma sthAna tathA mAtA-pitA jaina paurANika mAnyatAnusAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA janma vArANasI meM rAjA vizvasena ke yahA~ mAtA brahmA devI ke garbha se huA thaa| tiloyapaNatti ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma hayasena aura mAtA kA nAma varmilA thaa| uttarapurANa ke anusAra pitA kA nAma vizvasena aura mAtA kA nAma brahmA devI thaaN| vAdirAjasUri kRta pArzavanAtha carita ke anusAra pitA kA nAma vizvasena aura mAtA kA nAma brahmadattA thaa| tathA samavAyAMga nAmaka Agama grantha meM pitA kA nAma azvasena aura mAtA kA nAma vAmA devI batalAyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha kI Ayu 100 varSa kI thI aura ve kumAra avasthA meM hI pravRjita ho gaye the| unhoMne na vivAha kiyA aura na rAjya kiyaa| unakA kumAra kAla 30 varSa, chadmastha kAla thA dIkSA lene ke bAda tapasyA kAla 4 mAha aura kevala jJAna utpanna ho jAne para arhanta avasthA kAla 69 varSa 8 mAha rahA hai|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - kucha vicAraNIya bindu 3. pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha kA vaira pArzvanAtha ke janma ke pUrva nau bhavoM se pArzvanAtha ke jIva aura kamaTha ke jIva meM vaira calatA rhaa| vaira kA prAraMbha isa prakAra huaa| podanapura nAmaka nagara meM vizvabhUti nAmaka eka zAstrajJa brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| kamaTha aura marubhUti nAmaka usake do putra the| kamaTha kI patnI kA nAma varuNA thA aura marubhUti kI patnI kA nAma vasuMdharA thaa| kamaTha durAcArI aura pApI thaa| isake viparIta marubhUti sadAcArI aura dharmAtmA thaa| marubhUti kI patnI vasuMdharA ke nimitta se una donoM sahodara bhAiyoM ke bIca eka aisI ghaTanA ghaTita huI jisake kAraNa kamaTha ne apane choTe bhAI marubhUti ko mAra ddaalaa| isI ghaTanA ke kAraNa kamaTha aura marubhUti ke jIvoM meM vaira prAraMbha ho gyaa| pApa karma ke kAraNa kamaTha kA jIva aneka durgatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatA huA gyArahaveM bhava meM zambara nAmaka jyotiSI deva huaa| aura marubhUti kA jIva apane puNya karma ke kAraNa aneka sugatiyoM meM utpanna hokara dasaveM bhava meM pArzvanAtha hue| . kamaTha kA jIva kamaTha kI paryAya ke bAda sarpa huA, phira naraka gyaa| taMdanantara ajagara ho kara naraka gayA, phira bhIla hokara naraka gyaa| tadanantara siMha ho kara naraka gyaa| isake bAda mahIpAla nAmaka tApasa hokara gyArahaveM bhava meM zambara nAmaka jyotiSI deva huaa| marubhUti kA jIva marakara hAthI huA, phira svarga meM deva huA, vahAM se Akara vidyAdhara huA, phira svarga meM deva huaa| tadanantara svarga se Akara vajranAbhi cakravartI rAjA huaa.| isake bAda graiveyaka meM ahamindra huaa| phira vahAM se Akara Ananda nAmaka rAjA huaa| tadanantara Anata svarga meM indra huA aura vahAM se cyuta hokara dasaveM bhava meM pArzvanAtha hue| ina sabhI bhavoM meM pArzvanAtha ke jIva aura kamaTha ke jIva meM vaira calatA rhaa| 4. pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAyeM .... bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita kucha ghaTanAoM kA varNana pArzvanAtha ke eka hajAra varSa bAda hue AcArya samantabhadra ne sarvaprathama

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha svayambhUstrotra meM 5 zlokoM dvArA pArzvanAtha kA stavana karate hue kiyA hai| inameM se prathama zloka meM kamaTha ke jIva zambara deva dvArA kiye gaye upasarga kA tathA dvitIya zloka meM dharaNendra dvArA kiye gaye upasarga ke nivAraNa kA varNana hai| prathama zloka isa prakAra hai - tamAlanIlaiH sadhanustaDidguNe: prakIrNabhImA zani vAyu vRSTibhiH / balAhakai vairivazairupadrito mahAmanA yo na cacAlaM yogataH / / arthAta tamAla vRkSa ke samAna nIla varNayukta, indradhanuSoM sambandhI bijalI rUpI DoriyoM se sahita, bhayaMkara vajra, AMdhI aura varSA ko bikherane vAle tathA zatru zambara deva ke vazIbhUta meghoM ke dvArA upadravagrasta hone para bhI mahAmanA zrI pArzvajina yoga (dhyAna) se vicalita nahIM hue| kyoMki ve mahAmanA arthAt indriyoM aura mana para vijaya prApta karane meM tatpara the| isa prakAra zambara nAmaka jyotiSI deva pUrva baira ke kAraNa dhyAnamagna pArzvanAtha para 7 dina taka bhayaMkara upadrava karatA rhaa| usane bhayaMkara megha varSA ke sAtha hI patthara barasAye, bhayAnaka AMdhI tUphAna utpanna kiyA, bijaliyA~ camakAIM aura usa se jitanA bhI jo kucha bhI upadrava bana sakatA thA vaha saba usane kiyaa| parantu pArzvanAtha to mahAmanA the, indriya aura mana ko vaza meM karake karma zatruoM ko jItane vAle the| ata: ve kamaTha ke jIva dvArA kiye gaye bhayaMkara upasarga se kiJcitamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue| aba dvitIya zloka meM dharaNendra dvArA upasarga nivAraNa kA dRzya dekhie bRhatphaNAmaNDalamaNDapena yaM sphurattaDitapiMGagarucopasargiNam / jugUha nAgo dharaNo dharAdharaM virAgasaMdhyAtaDidambudo ythaa|| arthAta. upasarga se yukta dhyAnamagna pArzvanAtha ko dharaNendra nAmaka nAgakumAra jAti ke deva ne bijalI ke samAna pIlI krAnti ko dhAraNa karane vAle bar3e bar3e phaNoM ke maNDala rUpa ke dvArA usI prakAra veSTita kara liyA thA jisa prakAra kAlI saMdhyA ke samaya bijalI se yukta megha parvata ko veSTita kara letA hai|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - kucha vicAraNIya bindu ___ jaba kamaTha ke jIva zambara nAmaka deva ne dhyAnamagna pArzvanAtha para pUrva vaira ke kAraNa bhayaMkara upasarga kiyA taba pUrvakRta upakAra ke kAraNa dharaNendra nAmaka bhavanavAsI nAgakumAra jAti ke deva ne vikriyA dvArA nAga kA rUpa bnaayaa| usa nAga ke bar3e bar3e phaNa the| usane una phaNoM kA maNDalAkAra maNDapa banAyA aura use dhyAnamagna pArzvanAtha para tAna diyaa| aisA karake dharaNendra ne bhayaMkara AMdhI, varSA Adi ke upasarga ko dUra karane meM sahayoga kiyaa| yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki ukta zloka meM kevala dharaNendra kA nAma AyA hai, padmAvatI kA nAma usa meM nahIM hai| - AcArya samantabhadra ke bAda AcArya yativRSabha (paMcama zatAbdI) ne tiloyapaNNattI ke caturtha adhikAra meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita kucha bAtoM ko sUtra rUpa meM likhA hai| isa meM vizeSa ghaTanAoM kA kucha bhI varNana nahIM hai| tadanantara pArzvanAtha ke aThAraha sau varSa bAda hue guNabhadrAcArya (navamI zatAbdI) ne uttarapurANa ke 73veM parva meM 170 zlokoM dvArA pArzvanAtha ke jIvana meM ghaTita ghaTanAoM ko kucha vistAra se likhA hai| isake bAda pArzvanAtha ke do hajAra varSa bAda hue vAdirAjasUri (gyArahavIM zaMtAbdI) ne pArzvanAthacarita nAmaka eka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI, jisameM 12 sarga haiM aura 1358 zloka haiN| isa grantha meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko adhika vistAra se likhA gayA hai| . 5.. nAga-nAgina kI mRtyu kaise huI jaba pArzvanAtha 16 varSa ke the taba unako eka anucara se jJAta huA ki vArANasI ke nikaTa eka upavana meM eka tApasa paJcAgni tapa kara rahA hai| pArzvakumAra ne avadhijJAna se jAna liyA ki yaha tApasa kamaTha kA hI jIva hai| taba use dekhane kI icchA se tathA usako kutapa se virata karane kI bhAvanA se pArzvakumAra hAthI para baiTha kara upavana meM phuNce| vahA~ jo tApasa paJcAgni tapa kara rahA thA vaha pArzvanAtha kA nAnA arthAt mAtA kA pitA mahIpAla thaa| vaha paJcAgni tapa meM lIna thaa| isa tapa meM tApasa apane cAroM aura agni jalA kara usake bIca meM baiTha jAtA hai aura usakI dRSTiM Upara sUrya kI ora rahatI hai| ise paJcAgni tapa kahate haiN|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha AcArya guNabhadra ke anusAra vaha tApasa agni meM DAlane ke lie eka moTI lakar3I ko kATa rahA thaa| yaha dekha kara pArzvakumAra ne usa tApasa se kahA ki isa lakar3I ko mata kaatto| isake andara nAga-nAgina baiThe haiN| kintu vaha tApasa nahIM mAnA aura usane lakar3I ko kATa ddaalaa| taba lakar3I ko kATate samaya usake andara baiThe hue nAga-nAgina ke do Tukar3e ho gye| isa bAta ko guNabhadrAcArya ne uttarapurANa meM isa prakAra likhA hai -. nAgI nAgazca tacchedAt dvidhaakhnnddmupaagtau| 73/103 pArzvanAtha carita ke racayitA vAdirAja sUri ke anusAra paJcAgni tapa karate samaya agni meM jalatI huI lakar3I ke andara baiThe hue nAga-nAgina jala rahe the| pArzvakumAra ke kahane para tApasa ko vizvAsa hI nahIM ho rahA thA ki isa lakar3I ke andara nAga-nAgina ho sakate haiN| taba pArzvakumAra ne .. lakar3I ko kATa kara usameM se adha jale nAga-nAgina ko bAhara nikAlA thaa| isa viSaya meM vAdirAjasUri ne pArzvanAthacarita meM likhA hai prahasita vadanAmbujastabuktayA bhuvana gurubhagavAstu tatpratItyai / adalayadana lArghadagdhamedha: paridRDhamuSTiparasvadhena tena / / 10/83 ukta donoM AcAryoM ke anusAra nAga-nAgina kI mRtyu ke viSaya meM mata bheda spaSTa rUpa se dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| eka AcArya ke anusAra lakar3I ko kATane se nAga-nAgina kI mRtyu huI aura dUsare AcArya ke anusAra unakI mRtyu agni meM jalane ke kAraNa huii| isa mata bheda kA kAraNa kyA hai? isa matabheda kA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki usa samaya nAga-nAgina kI mRtyu ke viSaya meM do prakAra kI jana zruti calI A rahI hogii| eka jana zruti ka anusAra nAga-nAgina kI mRtyu tApasa dvArA lakar3I ko kATate samaya nAga-nAgina ke do Tukar3e ho jAne ke kAraNa huI aura dUsarI jana zruti ke anusAra unakI mRtyu jalatI huI lakar3I ke andara baiThe rahane ke kAraNa huii| isa viSaya meM jisa AcArya ko jo ucita pratIta huA use unhoMne svaracita granthoM meM likha diyaa| vAstava meM nAga-nAgina kI mRtyu kaise huI, ise jAnane kA yA nirNaya karane kA aba koI upAya yA pramANa nahIM hai|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - kucha vicAraNIya bindu 6. tApasa mara kara kahA~ utpanna huA zrI pArzvajina kumArAvasthA meM apane mitroM ke sAtha bhramaNa karate hue vArANasI ke nikaTa eka upavana meM phuNce| vahA~ pUrva bhavoM kA vairI kamaTha kA jIva mahIpAla nAmaka tapasvI paJcAgni tapa kara rahA thA / paJcAgni tapa ke lie jo lakar3iyA~ jala rahI thIM unameM se eka lakar3I ke bhItara baiThe nAga aura nAgina bhI jala rahe the / zrI pArzvajina ne avadhijJAna se isa bAta ko jAnakara isa tapasvI se kahA ki hiMsAmaya kutapa kyoM kara rahe ho| isa lakar3I ke andara nAga-nAgina jala rahe haiN| isa bAta ko suna kara vaha tapasvI krodhita hokara bolA ki aisA nahIM ho sakatA hai / Apane kaise jAna liyA ki isa lakar3I ke bhItara nAga- nAgina baiThe haiN| taba usa tApasa ko vizvAsa dilAne ke lie' kulhAr3I maMgAkara lakar3I ko kATA gayA aura pArzvakumAra ne jalatI huI lakar3I se adhajale nAga-nAgina ko bAhara nikaalaa| zrI pArzvajina kI isa bAta se vaha tApasa krodhita ho gayA ki inhoMne merI tapasyA meM vighna upasthita kara diyA hai / vaha pUrva bhavoM kA vairI to thA hI, kintu isa ghaTanA se usane zrI pArzvajina ke sAtha aura bhI * adhika vaira bA~dha liyaa| tathA kucha kAla ke bAda usakA maraNa ho gyaa| yahA~ vicAraNIya yaha hai ki mRtyu ke bAda vaha kahA~ utpanna huaa| 7 : AcArya guNabhadra ke anusAra vaha tApasa marakara zambara nAmaka jyotiSI daiva huaa| isa viSaya meM guNabhadrAcArya ne uttarapurANa meM likhA hai - sazalyoMmRtimAsAdya zambaro jyotiSAmara: 73 / 117 . - isa mata ke viparIta vAdirAjasUri ke anusAra vaha tApasa mara kara bhUtAnanda nAmaka bhavanavAsI deva huA / isa viSaya meM unhoMne pArzvanAthacarita meM likhA hai - lakSmIdhAma zrI jina dharmAdapi bAhya: kAyaklezAdAyurapAye sa tapasvI / devo jAtaH jJAtimayAsIdapi nAmnA bhUtAnando bhavanadeveSvasureSu / / 10/88 isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki AcArya guNabhadra aura vAdirAjasUri pratibhAzAlI aura zAstrajJa vidvAna the| kintu ve na to avadhijJAnI the aura

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha na unake pAsa aura koI divyajJAna thaa| phira unhoMne yaha kaise jAna liyA ki paJcAgni tapa karane vAlA vaha tApasa mara kara kahA~ utpanna huaa| jahA~ guNabhadra ne likhA ki vaha jyotiSI deva huA vahA~ vAdirAjasUri ne likhA hai ki vaha bhavanavAsI deva huaa| donoM meM yaha matabheda kyoM huaa| isakA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne loka pracalita kathAoM se jaisA sunA vaisA likha diyaa| 7. NamokAra maMtra kA mAhAtmya ni:sandeha NamokAra maMtra eka mahAmantra hai aura usakA acintya prabhAva hai| parantu yahA~ yaha jijJAsA hai ki kyA pArzvakumAra ne nAga-nAgina ko NamokAra maMtra sunAyA thaa| isa viSaya meM ullekhanIya hai ki na to guNabhadrAcArya ne aura na vAdirAjasUri ne pArzvakumAra dvArA nAga-nAgina ko. NamokAra maMtra sunAne kI bAta likhI hai| isakA kAraNa kyA ho sakatA hai| saMbhavata: ve jAnate hoMge ki sarpa to sunatA hI nahIM hai athavA vaha baharA hotA hai| vartamAna meM jIva vaijJAnika yaha siddha kara cuke haiM ki sarpa sunatA nahIM hai| itanA avazya hai ki yadyapi sarpa dhvanijanya zabda yA AvAja ko nahIM sunatA hai tathApi vaha mAnava Adi ke dvArA dharatI para paira Adi ke rakhane se utpanna pRthvI janya kampana (vibration) ko avazya anubhava karatA hai| yahA~ koI jijJAsu sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka ko pramANarUpa meM upasthita kara sakatA hai ki pArzvakumAra ne nAga-nAgina ko NamokAra mantra sunAyA thaa| sakalakIrti ne apane pArzvanAtha carita ke caudahaveM sarga meM likhA hai - tato'tikRpayA tAbhyAM khaNDitAbhyAM jinAdhipaH / dadau paJcanamaskArAn karNe vizvahitaMkarAn / / 14/97 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki pArzvakumAra ne atyanta kRpA pUrvaka do khaNDoM meM vibhakta nAga-nAgina ke kAna meM NamokAra mantra diyA thaa| yahA~ yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki pArzvanAtha se 2300 varSa bAda hue sakala kIrti (paMdrahavIM zatAbdI) ke ukta kathana kA AdhAra kyA hai| aura unake pahale hone vAle

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - kucha vicAraNIya bindu guNabhadra, vAdirAja Adi AcAryoM ne "karNe NamokAramantraM dadau" aisA kyoM nahIM likhaa| isa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka the aura bhaTTAraka yuga kA hI yaha saba camatkAra hai| yahA~ yaha bhI draSTavya hai ki sakalakIrti ke anusAra pArzvakumAra ne do khaNDoM meM vibhakta nAga-nAgina ko NamokAra mantra sunAyA thaa| ata: yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki do Takar3oM meM vibhakta nAga-nAgina meM NamokAra mantra sunane kI kSamatA kaise rahI hogii| adhajale nAga-nAgina ke viSaya meM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| cAhe nAga-nAgina do Tukar3oM meM vibhakta hoM athavA adhajale hoM, usa avasthA meM to ve chaTapaTA rahe hoMge aura NamokAra mantra sunane meM unakA upayoga kaise laMgA hogaa| yahA~ eka zaMkA yaha ho sakatI hai ki yadi pArzvakumAra ne nAga-nAgina ko NamokAra mantra nahIM sunAyA to ve dharaNendra-padmAvatI kaise hue| isakA uttara yahI ho sakatA hai ki maraNAsanna avasthA meM mahApuruSa pArzvanAtha ke darzanamAtra athavA sAnnidhyamAtra se sAmyabhAva ko dhAraNa karake unakI . mRtyu huI hogii| saMbhavataH isI kAraNa nAga-nAgina mRtyu ke bAda bhavanavAsI devoM meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI hue| : 8. dharaNendra-padmAvatI sAta dina taka kyoM sote rahe . yaha dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai ki dhyAnastha pArzvanAtha ke Upara pUrva vairI kamaTha ke jIva dvArA sAta dina taka bhayaMkara upadrava hotA rahA aura dharaNendra-padmAvatI ko kucha patA hI nahIM claa| saMbhavata: AThaveM dina dharaNendra-padamAvatI jAge aura daur3e-daur3e Akara pArzvanAtha ke Upara ho rahe upasarga ko dUra kiyaa| yahA~ jijJAsA hai ki yadi dharaNendra-padmAvatI na Ate to kyA pArzvanAtha para dIrghakAla taka upasarga calatA rhtaa| aura kyA taba taka pArzvanAtha ko kevala jJAna utpanna nahIM hotaa| nahIM, aisA nahIM hai| upasarga to dUra honA hI thaa| lekina usakA zreya dharaNendra-padmAvatI ko 'avazya mila gyaa|

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 9. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha para upasarga kyoM sAmAnyarUpa se tIrthaMkaroM para koI upasarga nahIM hotA hai| phira pArzvanAtha para kamaTha ke jIva dvArA upasarga kyoM huA? saMbhavata: isakA kAraNa kAla kA doSa hai| vartamAna meM huNDApasarpiNI kAla cala rahA hai| asaMkhyAta utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla ke bIta jAne para eka bAra huNDApasarpiNI kAla AtA hai| isa kAla meM kucha aisI anahonI bAteM hotI haiM jo sAmAnya rUpa se kabhI nahIM hotiiN| jaise tIrthaMkaroM para upasarga kabhI nahIM hotA hai, parantu pArzvanAtha para upasarga huaa| tIrthaMkaroM ke putrI kA janma nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI RSabhanAtha ke brAhmI aura sundarI nAmaka do putriyoM kA janma huaa| ityAdi aura bhI kaI bAteM haiM jo huNDApasarpiNI kAla ke prabhAva se ghaTita huI haiN| aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha para upasarga bhI eka aisI hI ghaTanA hai| * 10. sarpaphaNa yukta mUrtiyoM kA aucitya tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI adhikAMza mUtiyA~ sarpa-phaNamaNDapa yukta haiN| kintu kucha mUrtiyA~ sarpaphaNa rahita bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| yahA~ ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI jo mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita hokara mandiroM meM virAjamAna kI jAtI haiM ve kevala jJAna avasthA athavA arhanta avasthA ko prApta tIrthaMkaroM kI hotI haiN| kintu dharaNendra ne dhyAnastha pArzvanAtha ke Upara jo phaNAmaNDapa banAyA thA vaha dhyAnastha avasthA ke samaya kI bAta hai| parantu kamaTha ke jIva dvArA kiye gaye upasarga ke dUra ho jAne para tathA zambara deva dvArA pArzvanAtha ke caraNoM meM namaskAra karane aura apane aparAdhoM kI kSamAyAcanA karane ke bAda dharaNendra ne pArzvanAtha ke Upara se svanirmita phaNAmaNDapa ko bhI haTA liyA hogaa| usI ke bAda phaNAmaNDapa rahita avasthA meM pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna utpanna huA thaa| ata: kevala jJAna sahita athavA arhanta avasthA ko prApta pArzvanAtha kI mUrti meM phaNAmaNDapa banAne kA koI aucitya pratIta nahIM hotA hai| vAstava meM phaNAmaNDapa yukta mUrti kI pratiSThA nahIM honI caahie| lekina phaNAmaNDapa meM Asakti ke

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - kucha vicAraNIya bindu kAraNa jo paramparA pracalita ho gaI so ho gii| aba usameM sudhAra kI guMjAiza hI kahA~ hai| 11. padmAvatI ke sira para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kA aucitya ___vartamAna meM padmAvatI devI kI jitanI mUrtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiM una saba ke siraM para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrti virAjamAna rahatI hai| yaha bhI eka paramparA kI bAta hai| yahA~ vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki kyA padmAvatI ke sira para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ko virAjamAna karanA Agama sammata hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki upasarga ke samaya padmAvatI ne pArzvanAtha ko uThAkara apane sira para baiThA liyA thA, aisI jo mAnyatA hai vaha sarvathA nirAdhAra hai| isI galata mAnyatA ke AdhAra para apane sira para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko baiThAye hue padmAvatI devI kI mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA patA nahIM kaba se pracalita haI aura kisane pracalita kI, yaha saba vicAraNIya hai| jainAgama meM spaSTa vidhAna hai ki strI ko sAdhu yA muni se sAta hAtha dUra rahanA caahie| jainAgama ke aise vidhAna ke hote hue bhI padmAvatI ke sira para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko baiThAne kA auciMtya samajha meM nahIM AtA hai| . yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki AcArya samantabhadra ne svayambhUstotra meM . bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke stavana meM upasarga nivAraNa ke lie dharaNendra kA nAma to liyA hai kintu vahA~ padmAvatI kA nAma kahIM nahIM hai| AcArya guNabhadra aura vAdirAjasUri ke anusAra pArzvanAtha para ho rahe upasarga nivAraNa ke .lie dharaNendra aura padmAvatI donoM Aye avazya the, kintu vahA~ bhI aisA koI ullekha nahIM hai ki padmAvatI ne pArzvanAtha ko apane sira para baiThA liyA thaa| 12.atizaya kSetra aura sAtizaya mUrtiyA~ ___jaina kSetroM meM kucha siddha kSetra hote haiN| jaise caurAsI-mathurA siddha kSetra - hai| kyoMki yahA~ se antima kevalI jambU svAmI ne nirvANa prApta kiyA hai|

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12 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kucha atizaya kSetra hote haiM aura unameM virAjamAna kucha mUrtiyA~ sAtizaya hotI haiN| jaise zrI mahAvIra jI atizaya kSetra hai aura vahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI eka sAtizaya prAcIna mUrti virAjamAna hai| isa mUrti ko lagabhaga 400 varSa pahale eka gvAle ne bhUgarbha se nikAlA thaa| isa mUrti kA atizaya sampUrNa bhArata meM dUra-dUra taka prasiddha hai| mUrtikalA vizeSajJoM ne isa mUrti kA nirmANa kAla 11vI zatAbdI nizcita kiyA hai| saMbhavata: isI prakAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI bhI kucha mUrtiyA~ sAtizaya hoNgii| mahArASTra meM jilA akolA meM antarikSa pArzvanAtha nAmaka eka atizaya kSetra hai| yahA~ ke bhavya mandira meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI DhAI phuTa U~cI eka prAcIna pratimA hai jo vedI ke Upara adhara meM virAjamAna hai, aisA kaI pustakoM meM likhA hai| koI vyakti ise usa pratimA kA atizaya samajha sakatA hai| isameM usa pratimA kA koI atizaya hai yA nahIM, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, parantu vAstava meM. usa mUrti ke nirmAtA kalAkAra kI kalA kA atizaya usa mUrti meM avazya dRSTigocara hotA hai| usa mUrti ke nIce aise do bindu banAye gaye haiM jinake AdhAra se vaha mUrti vedI para avasthita hai aura mUrti ke nIce kA zeSa sthAna khAlI hai| isa kAraNa usa mUrti ke nIce se dhAgA yA mahIna kapar3A nikAlA jA sakatA hai| isI lie usa kSetra kA nAma antarikSa pArzvanAtha prasiddha ho gyaa| parantu aisA nahIM hai ki vaha mUrti vedI se do cAra iMca Upara adhara meM avasthita ho| 13. pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki tIrthakara pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika puruSa haiN| 100 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa hone para unhoMne bihAra meM sthita sammeda zikhara se nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| yadyapi ajitanAtha Adi anya 19 tIrthaMkaroM ne bhI sammeda zikhara se nirvANa prApta kiyA hai, kintu sammeda zikhara se nirvANa prApta karane vAle pArzvanAtha antima tIrthaMkara haiM aura unake nAma para sammeda zikhara ko pArasanAtha hila (parvata) ke nAma se bhI kahA jAne lagA hai| isa bAta ko pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA siddha karane ke lie eka pramANa ke rUpa

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - kucha vicAraNIya bindu meM upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu isa viSaya meM yaha anveSaNIya hai ki sammeda zikhara kA nAma pArasanAtha hila kaba se huaa| pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa kAla se hI yA kAlAntara meM ukta nAma pracalita huaa| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA siddha karane ke lie na to koI abhilekha yA zilAlekha hai aura na koI smAraka Adi anya koI purAtatva sAmagrI hai| kevala jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha ke viSaya meM jo kucha thor3A bahuta likhA gayA hai usI ke AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne unako aitihAsika puruSa siddha kiyA hai, jo upAdeya aura prazaMsanIya hai| anta meM AcArya samantabhadra dvArA likhita - sa satyavidyAtapasAM praNAyaka: smgrdhiirugrkulaambraaNshubhaan| mayA sadA pArzvajinaH praNamyate vilInamithyApathadRSTivibhramaH / / isa zloka kA smaraNa karatA huA maiM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke caraNoM meM . sAdara praNAma karatA huuN| merI bhAvanA hai - / jainendraM dharmacakra prasaratu satataM srvsaukhyprdaayi|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : samagra sAmAjika krAnti ke praNetA . - DA. nemIcanda jaina* 1. aitihAsika tathyoM ke asaMtulita dohana ke phalasvarUpa jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke bAre meM deza-videza meM jo bhrama phaile haiM; unake prAmANika nirasana kA puruSArtha Avazyaka hai| adhikAMza vidvAn (itihAsavida nahIM) bhagavAn mahAvIra ko jainadharma kA pravartaka pratipAdita karate haiN| zikSA-saMsthAoM meM jo pAThya pustakeM par3hAI jAtI haiM, durbhAgya se unameM bhI yaha galataphahamI darja huI hai| vastuta: bhagavAn mahAvIra caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiM, jinakI pRSThabhUmi para bhagavAn RSabhanAtha se le kara pArzvanAtha taka teIsa tIrthaMkara aura hue| kama se kama . bhagavAn neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ko le kara itane nirvivAda aura Thosa subUta haiM . ki aparipakva/aparipUrNa adhyayana ke kAraNa sthApita bhrAnta dhAraNAeM svata: unmUlita ho jAtI haiN| yathArtha yaha hai ki jainadharma (zramaNa saMskRti) saMpUrNa bhArata meM vyApta thA aura drAvir3a jana, jo pUrI taraha ahiMsaka the, pUre deza meM eka chora se dUsare chora taka base hue the| brAhuI (drAvir3a bhASA) kA sudUra uttara-pUrva meM pAyA jAnA, unake isa vistAra kA jIvanta sAkSI hai| yaha tathya bhI dastakhata karatA hai ki samasta tIrthakara uttara bhArata meM hue tathA AcArya dakSiNa bhArata meM hue| kannar3a aura tamila bhASAoM meM pracura jaina sAhitya kI upalabdhi bhI eka aisA hI tathya hai, jisakI anadekhI saMbhava nahIM hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke sAtha bhilla-jIvana (kamaTha kA sAtavA~ bhava kuraMga bhilla kA hai) se jur3A honA bhI eka mahatvapUrNa tathya hai| drAvir3a bhASAoM meM "vIla" (tamila)aura "bIla" (brAhuI) zabda upalabdha haiM, jinake artha "dhanuSa" haiN| tIra-kAmaThI(bANa-dhanuSa) bhIloM kI paramparita prajAtika pahacAna haiM, jinheM Aja bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| * indaura

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : samagra sAmAjika krAnti ke praNetA 2. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha (100) kA AvirbhAva-kAla IsA-pUrva chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| ve bhagavAn mahAvIra (72) ke pUrvavartI haiM tathA mAnA jAtA hai ki unase 250 varSa pUrva bhagavAn pArzvanAtha hue| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke 10 pUrvabhavoM ke varNana milate haiN| upalabdha zrRMkhalA meM prathama bhava meM marubhUti aura kamaTha tathA dasaveM meM pArzvanAtha aura zambara deva ke rUpa meM inakA ullekha huA hai| pAramparika ullekha ke anusAra unake mAtA-pitA ke nAma kramaza: vAmA (brAhmI) tathA vizvasena (azva/hayasena) the| unakA janma vArANasI aura nirvANa zrI sammeda zikhara meM haa| digambara tathyoM ke anusAra ve avivAhita aura zvetAmbara ullekhoM ke anusAra vivAhita the| 3. upalabdha tathyoM ke anusAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA samakAlIna bhAratIya samAja atyanta vyavasthita thaa| "aparAvidyA" (karmakANDa) se Uba kara usane "parAvidyA" (adhyAtma) ko aMgIkAra karanA Arambha kara diyA thaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA itanI prazasta aura prabhAvazAlinI thI ki unakA prabhAva upaniSadoM kI viSaya-vastu para bhI pdd'aa| cAturyAma saMvaravAda ke kAraNa bhagavAn pArzvanAtha.dvArA pratipAdita cintana eka atyanta vyavasthita sAmAjika saMracanA kA kAraNa bnaa| unase pUrva satya, asteya aura aparigraha sirpha sAMdhuI jIvana se saMbaddha the; kintu unhoMne inameM ahiMsA ko saghana praveza de kara eka nUtana, samanvita, aura sAmAjika krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| 4. pArzvayuga meM aba taka jo jIvana-mUlya vyakti-jIvana se saMbaddha the, unakA samAjIkaraNa huA aura eka nUtana AdhyAtmika samAjavAda kA sUtrapAta huaa| jo kAma mahAtmA gA~dhI ne unnIsavIM sadI ke uttarArddha aura bIsavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM ahiMsA ko lokajIvana se jor3a kara kiyA, vahI . kAma hajAroM varSa pUrva bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne ahiMsA kI vyApti ko vyakti taka vistRta kara sAmAjika jIvana meM praveza de kara kiyaa| yaha eka abhUtapUrva krAnti thI jisane usa yuga kI kAyA hI palaTa dii| 5. mAnA sarvathA prANAtipAta viramaNa (virati); sarvathA mRSAvAda viramaNa; sarvathA bahidAdAna (bahirAdAna) viramaNa, sarvathA adattA-dAna viramaNa kI

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- tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha cAturyAma vyavasthA ne sAmAjika svAdhInatA tathA nirvighnatA ke dvAra khola die the; kintu brahmacarya kA svatantra ullekha na hone ke kAraNa nArI kI svAdhInatA ko pUrNatayA paribhASita nahIM kiyA jA sakA thaa| mAna liyA gayA ki nArI parigraha hai aura parigraha-viramaNa meM vahA~ samAviSTa hai| isakA artha puruSa sattAka adhyAtmavAda kA pracalana mAnA jAegA; kintu jaba Age cala kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne "brahmacarya" kA pA~cavA~ AyAma vivRta kiyA, taba nArI-mukti ke lie paryApta AdhAra bane aura AdhyAtmika urvaratAMoM ke lie naye vAtAyana khule / spaSTa/asaMdigdha zabdoM meM kahA gayA ki strI puruSa ke lie jisa taraha sAdhanA-vighna hai, ThIka vaise hI puruSa bhI strI ke lie sAdhanA meM bahuta bar3I ar3acana hai| yadi strI parigraha hai, to puruSa bhI usa saraNi para parigraha hI hai| aparigraha kI isa nayI paribhASAM ne jaina dharma kI garimA ko samRddha kiyA aura catu:saMgha ko eka nayA artha tathA svastha chavi pradAna kii| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha se jo riktha-saMpadA milI vaha AdhyAtmika samAjavAda ko apanI kokha meM liye thI, jo Age cala kara eka samagra/samanvita sAmAjika krAnti kA sudRr3ha AdhAra bnaa| 6. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke 10 bhavoM kI kathA kSamA-pratizodha ke ghanIbhUta dvanda kI kathA hai, jisane vyakti-zuddhi aura Atmabala kI nayI ibArateM uttiSTha kI aura yaha siddha kiyA ki antata:vItarAgatA hI vijayinI hotI hai| samAja-zuddhi ke lie vyakti-zuddhi kitanI mahatvapUrNa hai, isakI saMpUrNa vikAsa-kathA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke dasa pUrva bhavoM me vivata hai| hama bhagavAn ke ina pUrva bhavoM ko eka dIrgha-kAlika paryuSaNa kI saMjJA de sakate haiN| 7. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI jIvana-ghaTanAoM me hameM rAjya aura vyakti, samAja aura vyakti, tathA vyakti aura vyakti ke bIca ke saMbandhoM ke nirdhAraNa ke.racanAtmaka sUtra bhI milate haiN| ina sUtroM kI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI yathApUrva hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA dvanda bhI hameM ina ghaTanAoM meM abhigumphita dikhAI detA hai| dhyAna se dekhane para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samavet rUpa eka sAvabhauma dharma ke pravartana kA sudRr3ha saraMjAma hai|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : samagra sAmAjika krAnti ke praNetA 8. una dinoM tApasoM kA jora thaa| tantravAda apanI taruNAI para thaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha tatkAlIna tantravAda ko eka prAMjala AdhyAtmika svarUpa pradAna karanA cAhate the tAki unake samakAlIna loka-jIvana meM jo vikRtiyA~, asantulana aura vighaTana A gayA thA, usakA nivAraNa saMbhava ho| "padmAvatI" aura "dharaNendra" kI vAstavikatA se hama iMkAra nahIM karate; kintu yadi hama inheM kramaza: "kuNDalinI" aura "kAla" kI pratIka mAneM to hamAre sAmane kaI rahasya-dvAra khula jAte haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kAlajayI/AtmajetA mahAmAnava the; unakA adhyAtma svayaM meM itanI tejomayatA liye hue thA ki unake samakAlIna tApasoM kA khokhalApana svata: chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| kamaTha aura marubhUti ke dasa bhavoM ke Aroha-avaroha, antata: vijayI zuddhAdhyAtma ke Aroha-avaroha haiN| hama bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana ko adhyAtma kI vizva-vijaya kA nAma de sakate haiN| 9. hameM, vastutaH, tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kI jo vyAkhyA karanI thI - unheM le kara jo samajha sampreSita karanI thI, use karane meM hama saphala nahIM rahe haiN| alaMkAroM aura pratIkoM ke talAtala meM nAmAlUma kitane bahumUlya vicAra-maNi dabe par3e haiM - isakA. sunizcita bodha hameM nahIM hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha mAtra "pArzvanAthaM" nahIM haiM varan samyaka, svastha AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM ke mokSonmukha samanvaya haiN| 10. yaha mAna kara calanA ki saba kucha aparivartanIya hai, jaina dharma ke 'maulika siddhAntoM kI gaMbhIra anadekhI hai| anekAntamUlaka zramaNa saMskRti parivartana aura vikAsa ko AtmasAt kara calane vAlI abhUtapUrva saMskRti hai| vikAsa- (ivolyUzana) aura parivartanazIlatA (ceMjebiliTI) tathA mUlabhUta siddhAntoM meM kahIM koI TakarAhaTa nahIM hai| utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya meM vikAsa kI jIvanta/spaSTa anubhUti/upasthiti atyanta tIvratA se spandita hai| jo loga AgrahI haiM, unakI bAta judA hai; kintu jo sAMskRtika aura AdhyAtmika anATaoNmI aura meTAbaoNlijma (cayApacaya) kA jJAna rakhate haiM, ve jaina dharma kI isa vizeSatA ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha sakate haiN| pArzvanAtha kA "pArzvanAthatva'' * jaba taka hama ThIka se nahIM samajheMge, taba taka unakI sthUla pUjA-arcanA kA koI artha nahIM hogaa|

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18 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 11. cAhe jisa koNa se dekhA jAe, bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke sAmAjika / AdhyAtmika asmitva kI prAsaMgikatA barakarAra hai, akSata hai - usameM kahIM koI kisI prakAra kA pharka nahIM AyA hai| 12. dhyAna se dekhane para hama isa niSkarSa para sahaja hI pahu~ca sakate haiM ki bhagavAn RSabhanAtha se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha taka jo cintAdhArA pravAhita hai, vaha aTUTa-avicchinna/vikAsonmukha hai; usame kahIM koI anta:saMgharSa nahIM hai| jaina dharma, vastuta:, eka aisA dharma hai, jisane zramaNAcAra kI bahumukhInatA para samaya-samaya para vicAra kiyA hai; usakI prAsaMgikatA ko prakhara, tarkasaMgata aura yugAnurUpa banAyA hai tathA apanI sAdhu-paramparA ko tejasvitA pradAna kI hai| jaina dharma meM svIkRta zramaNAcAra itanA sUkSma, pAradarzI. sAvadhAna aura garimAvAn hai ki vaha zrAvakoM ko nirantara pariSkRta, svastha, yugocita aura avicalita rakhatA AyA hai| kisa taraha donoM AcAra paraspara-pUraka/preraka haiM, isa tathya ko hama bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana-darpaNa meM pratibimbita dekha sakate haiN| saMdarbha 1. bhIlI kA bhASA zAstrIya adhyayana; prathama bhAga; bhASA khaNDa; DA. nemIcanda jaina; 1971; brAhuI; pR. 79 / 2. e drAviDiyana ITomaoNlaoNjikala DikzanarI; TI. baro; 1961; pRSTha 372; zabda-saMkhyA 4449 / 3. jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa; prathama bhAga; balabhadra jaina; 1973 pRSTha 346-364 / 4. siri pArasaNAhacariu; vAdirAja suuri| 5. pAsacariya; mahAkavi ridhu| 6. mahApurANa; pusspdnt| 7. siri pAsaNAhacariu; devabhadra suuri| 8. caubIsa tIrthaMkara : eka paryavekSaNa; rAjendra muni;1976; pRSTha 118-134 / 9. aitihAsika kAla ke tIna tIrthakara; AcArya hastImalajI; 1971; pRSTa 145-196 /

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prAkRta sAhitya meM bha0 pArzvanAtha carita DaoN. prema sumana jaina jaina dharma kI aitihAsika paramparA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana-caritoM kA vizeSa mahatva hai| unameM bha0 pArzvanAtha kA jIvana zramaNa paramparA kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / bha0 pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM sarva prathama prAkRta sAhitya ke grantha hI prArambhika jAnakArI prastuta karate haiM, jisameM kAvyAtmaka raMga aura ghaTanAoM kA vikAsa paravartI sAhitya meM huA hai / - prAkRta prAkRta sAhitya meM jo grantha Aja hameM upalabdha haiM unameM adhikAMza prAcIna grantha dArzanika haiM, AdhyAtmika haiM / digambara jaina paramparA ke prAcIna zaurasenI granthoM meM siddhAnta-darzana kA pratipAdana pramukha rUpa se huA hai, aitihAsika evaM jIvana vRttaM sambandhI sAmagrI apekSAkRta kama hai| AcArya yativRSabhakRta tiloyapaNNatti meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM tathya upalabdha haiM, unakA vizleSaNa isa Alekha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai / tiloyapaNNatti meM bha0 pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM katipaya aisI jAnakArI bhI dI gayI haiM, jo anya prAkRta granthoM meM prApta nahIM, haiM, athavA paravartI granthakAroM ne unakA vikAsa kiyA hai I "pAsaNAha" zabda kA prayoga sarvaprathama isI grantha meM prApta huA hai / pArzvanAtha kA cinha '"sarpa" hai, isakI sUcanA bhI isa grantha ke pUrva ke granthoM meM nahIM hai / bha0 pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM ardhamAgadhI kI prAkRta ke granthoM meM bhI vistAra se vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| inameM samavAyAMga, uttarAdhyayanasUtra evaM kalpasUtra Adi prAcIna prAkRta grantha haiM / prAkRta meM pArzva ke jIvana para caritagrantha bhI likhe gaye haiM / prAkRta ke prAcIna grantha "isIbhAsiyaM" meM * prophesara evaM DIna, jainavidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura

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20 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pAsaajjhayaNa nAmaka adhyAya meM pArzvanAtha ke upadezoM kA vivecana huA hai| isa upalabdha sAmagrI para bhI prastuta Alekha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke zaurasenI prAkRta ke pramukha prAcIna grantha tiloyapaNNatti meM AcArya yativRSabha ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM jo jAnakArI/tathya aMkita kiye haiM ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha 23veM kramAMka para pArzva nAma aMkita hai| 2. bha. pArzvanAtha prANata kalpa se avatIrtha hue| 3. pArzva jinendra vArANasI nagarI meM pitA azvasena aura mAtA varmilA (vAmA) se pauSa-kRSNA ekAdazI ko vizAkhA nakSatra meM utpanna hue hayaseNa vammilAhiM, jAdo vANArasIe paasjinno| pussassa bahula-ekkArasie * rikkhe visaahaae|| gA. 555 4. bhagavAn mahAvIra nAtha vaMza meM evaM bha. pArzva ugravaMza meM utpanna hue| 5. bha. pArzvanAtha kI utpatti (janma) neminAtha tIrthaMkara kI utpatti ke pazcAt 84 hajAra 6 sau 50 varSoM ke vyatIta ho jAne para huii| tathA bha. pArzva jinendra kI utpatti (janma) ke pazcAt 278 varSa vyatIta ho jAne para varddhamAna tIrthaMkara kA janma huaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI Ayu niyama se 100 varSa aura bha. mahAvIra kI Ayu 72 varSa pramANa thI - vAsasadamekkamAU, pAsa-jiNedaMssa hoi nniymenn| siri-vaDDhamANa-AU bAhattari vss-primaanno|| 589 / / bha. pArzvanAtha aura bha. mahAvIra kA kumAra kAla (dIkSA ke pUrva kI Ayu) 30-30 varSa thaa| bha. pArzvanAtha ke zarIra kI U~cAI (utsedha) 9 hAtha aura mahAvIra kI U~cAI 7 hAtha thii| pArzvanAtha ke zarIra kA raMga nIlavarNa kA thaa| bha0 nemInAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ne rAjya nahIM kiyaa| isake pUrva vAsupUjya aura mallinAtha ne bhI rAjya nahIM kiyA thaa|

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prAkRta sAhitya meM bha. pArzvanAtha carita 8. tiloyapaNNatti kI gAthA 611 evaM 612 meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke cinhoM ke nAma batAye gaye haiN| unameM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA cinha ahi (sA~pa) batAyA hai| bha. pArzvanAtha ko anya nau tIrthaMkaroM (zAnti, kuntha, vAsu, sumati, padma muni, suvrata, nami, nemi evaM vardhamAna) kI bhA~ti apane pUrva janmoM ke smaraNa se vairAgya utpanna huA thaa| zeSa 14 tIrthaMkaroM ko anyAnya bAhya hetuoM se vairAgya utpanna huA thaa| 10. bha. pArzva jinendra ne mAgha zuklA ekAdazI ke pUrvAnha meM vizAkhA nakSatra ke rahate SaSTha bhakta ke sAtha azvastha vana meM dIkSA grahaNa kI - . mAghassida-ekkArasi-puvaNhe geNhade visaahaasu| pavvajjaM pAsajiNo, assatta-vaNammi chtttth-bhttenn|| mallinAtha evaM pArzvanAtha ke sAtha 300-300 anya rAjakumAra bhI dIkSita hue, jabaki vardhamAna jinendra akele hI dIkSita hue,| bhagavAn vAsupUjya, mallinAtha, nemInAtha aura mahAvIra ke samAna bha. pArzvanAtha ne bhI kumAraMkAla (avivAhita avasthA/rAjakumAra avasthA) meM tapa grahaNa kiyA thaa| zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ne rAjya ke anta meM tapa grahaNa kiyA (gA. 677) / 11. bha. RSabhadeva ne eka varSa meM (chaha mAha ke upavAsa ke bAda) ikSurasa se pAraNA kI thI aura anya 23 tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAMti bha. pArzvanAtha dIkSA-upavAsa ke dUsare dina go-kSIra meM niSpanna anna (khIra) se pAraNA. kI thI (gA. 678) / 12. pArzva jinendra kA chadmasthakAla cAra mAha aura vardhamAna jinendra kA bAraha varSa kA thaa| itane samaya taka ina tIrthaMkaroM (ne tapa kiyA thA) ko kevala-jJAna utpanna nahIM huA thA (gA. 685) / 13. bha. pArzvanAtha ko caitra kRSNA caturthI ke pUrvAnha meM vizAkhA nakSatra ke rahate zakrapura meM kevala jJAna utpanna huA -

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22 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha citte bahulacautthI-visAha-rikkhammi paasnnaahss| sakkapure puNvaNhe, kevalaNANaM samuppaNNaM / / 708 / / . kevala jJAna utpanna hone para kubera ke dvArA samavasaraNa kI racanA kI gayI, jisakA kSetraphala bahuta vizAla thA (gA. 717 se 890) / 14. bha. pArzvanAtha kA kevalikAla kA pramANa 69 varSa evaM 8 mAha thA, bha. mahAvIra kA kevalI kAla 30 varSa kA thA- . . aDa-mAsa-samahiyANaM, UNattari vassarANi psjinne| . . vIrammi tIsavAsA, kevalikAlassa saMkhaM tti||969 / / . 15. bha. pArzvanAtha ke yakSa kA nAma mAtaMga aura yakSiNI kA nAma padmA thaa| (gA. 943-948) / 16. bha. pArzvanAtha ke dasa gaNadhara the, jinameM prathama gaNadhara kA nAma . svayambhU thA (gA. 972-975) / .. . 17. pArzva jinendra ke samaya meM 16000 RSi the| ina ke sAta gaNa the, ___ jinameM 350 pUrvadhara, 10,900 zikSaka, 1400 avadhijJAnI muni, 1000 kevala jJAnI, 1000 vikriyA Rddhi ke dhAraka, 750 vipulagati avadhijJAnI aura 600 vAdI muni the (gA. 1169-1170) / . 18. bha. pArzvanAtha ke saMgha meM AryikAe~ 38000 thIM, jinameM pramukha AryikA sulokA (sulocanA) thiiN| zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA eka lAkha evaM zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA tIna lAkha kahI gayI hai (gA. 1193-1194) / 19. pArzva jinendra zrAvaNa mAsa meM zukla pakSa kI saptamI ke pradoSa kAla meM apane janma nakSatra (vizAkhA) ke rahate 36 muniyoM ke sAtha sammeda zikhara se mokSa (nirvANa) ko prApta huesida-sattamIpadose, sAvaNamAsammi jmm-nnkkhtte| . sammede pAsajiNo, chattIsajudo gado mokkhaM / / 1218 / /

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prAkRta sAhitya meM bha0 pArzvanAtha carita 20. isa prakAra bha0 pArzvanAtha kA tIrtha pravartana kAla 278 varSa aura mahAvIra bhagavAna kA 21 hajAra 42 varSa pramANa hai / 23 tiloyapaNNatti meM aMkita bha0 pArzvanAtha ke jIvana ke uparyukta vivaraNa kA paravartI digambara jaina granthoM meM anusaraNa aura vikAsa kiyA gayA hai / kintu ve grantha saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASA ke haiM / saMskRta meM AcArya raviSeNa ke padmacarita aura AcArya jinasena ke AdipurANa aura guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa meM tIrthaMkaroM kA jIvana vRta hai / pArzvanAtha kA jIvana carita uttarapurANa ke 73veM parva meM varNita huA hai / bAda ke kaviyoM ke lie prAya: yahI uttarapurANa kA aMza upajIvya rahA hai / tiloyapaNNattike ukta vivaraNa meM bha0 pArzvanAtha ke pUrvajanmoM kA, kamaTha ke jIva kI vaira bhAvanA kI zraMkhalA kA, nAga-nAginI kI rakSA kA, bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke dharma udbodhana evaM cAturyAma dharma Adi kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| digambara paramparA meM ina ghaTanAkramoM ke vikAsa ke vivaraNa hetu prAkRta grantha anupalabdha haiM, saMskRta - apabhraMza ke granthoM kA prabhUta AdhAra hai|. raviSeNa ke padmacarita meM bha0 pArzva ke pUrvabhava kI nagarI kA nAma sArketA, svayaM kA nAma Ananda evaM pitA kA nAma vItazAka DAmara hotA hai21 / anya granthoM meM 8veM bhava meM pArzvanAtha "Ananda" milatA hai / tiloyapaNNatti meM bha0 pArzvanAtha kI tapasyA ke samaya kisI upasarga kA varNana prApta nahIM hai / kintu grantha kI gAthA saMkhyA 1642 meM kahA gayA hai ki sAtaveM tIrthaMkara (supArzvanAtha), 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha evaM aMtima tIrthaMkara bha0 mahAvIra para upasarga bhI hotA hai sattama-tevIsaMtima- titthayarANaM ca uvasaggo / / Age yA grantha meM anyatra kahIM ina tIrthaMkaroM ke kisI upasarga kA varNana nahIM hai; jabaki paravartI granthoM ke vivaraNa meM upasargoM kA vivecana upalabdha hai / ata: prasaMga aura paddhati kI pradhAnatA na hone se zAyada granthakAra ne pArzvanAtha Adi ke upasargoM kA saMketa na kiyA ho, kintu loka meM IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM mahApuruSoM ke sAtha aise upasargoM kA AnA aura una

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24' tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha para vijaya prApta karanA dikhAnA granthakAroM meM pracalita ho gayA thA / yadyapi kalpasUtra evaM samavAyAMga Adi ardhamAgadhI Agama granthoM meM bhI pArzvanAtha para kiye gaye upasargoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / kintu AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne apane pArzvastotra kalyANamaMdira meM kahA hai ki "he nAtha! usa duSTa kamaTha ne krodhaveza meM jo dhUla Apa ke Upara pheMkI, vaha ApakI chAyA para bhI AghAta nahIM pahu~cA saka - prAgbhArasambhRtanabhAMsi rajAMsi roSAdutthApitAni kamaThena zaThena yAni / chAyApi taistava na nAtha hatA hatAzo grastasvamIbhirayameva paraM durAtmA / / pAsanAhacariu (padmakIrti) Adi meM pArzva ke pUrvabhavoM ke upasargoM Adi kA vistRta vivecana hai| pUrvajanmoM ke vairabhAva ke dvArA tapasyA meM vighna, upasaMrga Adi upasthita karane kI paddhati kA vikAsa zramaNaparamparA meM karmasiddhAnta ke pracAra ke sAtha-sAtha huA hai| acche-bure karmoM kA phala kaI janmoM taka vyakti ko bhoganA par3atA hai, yaha siddhAnta dRr3ha karane ke lie kAvyoM meM pUrvabhavoM kI paramparA, jAti-smaraNa kI paramparA adhika vikasita haI hai| prAkRta Agama granthoM ke atirikta prAkRta ke kaMthA granthoM meM "eka kA apakarSa, dUsare kA utkarSa" nAmaka yaha moTipha ( abhiprAya) bahuta pracalita rahA hai| vasudevahiNDI, taraMgavatIkathA samarAiccakathA, kAdambarI aura kubalayamAlA kathA meM isa moTipha ke aneka udAharaNa aMkita haiM / bauddha dharma kI jAtaka kathAaiM, nidAnakathA Adi grantha isa para prakAza DAlate haiM / ata: pratIta hotA hai bha0 pArzvanAtha ke jIvana carita ke sAtha 5 - 6vIM zatAbdI IsvI meM pUrvabhava evaM upasarga Adi. ke prasaMga una ke carita ko viziSTa banAne ke lie jur3e haiM, jinakA vikAsa uttarapurANa evaM pAsaNAhacariu Adi meM huA hai| yadyapi pArzvanAtha ke viziSTa guNoM kA smaraNa to kalpasUtra meM bhI huA hai 1 "puruSAdAnIya" (puruSoM meM zreSTha) ke atirikta unheM dakSa, kSa-pratijJa, asAdhAraNa rUpavAna, svAtmalIna, sarala svabhAvI evaM vinIta kahA gayA hai dakSa --

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prAkRta sAhitya meM bha. pArzvanAtha carita pArsa Na arahA purisAdANIe dakkhe dakkhayatinbhe, paDirUve ullINe bhaddae vinniie| (kalpa. 152 suutr)| kalpasUtra meM yadyapi pArzvanAtha ke upasargoM kA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM aMkita hai, kintu vahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki pArzvanAtha 83 dinoM taka zarIra kI ora se sarvadA udAsIna rhe| zarIra kA tyAga kara diyA ho isa prakAra zarIra kI ora se sarvadA anAsakta rhe| chadmastha-kAla meM jo bhI upasarga utpanna hote, yathA - devajanya, manuSyakRta aura tRryacajAtikRta, anukUla aura pratikUla upasarga aadi| aise upasargoM ke utpanna hone para unako ve nirbhaya hokara samyak prakAra se sahana karane meM samartha hote haiM, dhairya rakhate haiM aura apanA saMtulana banAye rakhate haiM - "pAse NaM arahA purisAdANIe tesIiM rAiMdiyAiM niccaM vosaTThakAe ciyaMttadehe je kei uvasaggA uppajjaMti, taM jahA-divvA vA mANussasA vA tirikkhajoNiyA vA, aNuNobhA vA, paDilomA vA, te upanne samma sahai titikkhai khamai ahiyAsei" - kalpa sUtra 154 .. yahA~ para pArzvanAtha kA tapasyA kAla 83 dina aMkita hai| 84veM dina unheM kevala jJAna huaa.| jabaki tiloyapaNNatti meM pArzva kA tapasyAkAla 4 mAha (120 dina) kA aMkita hai| digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM isI kA anukaraNa huA hai| isase 69 varSa 8 mAha ke kevala jJAnakAla (upadezakAla) ko jor3ane se 70 varSa kI dIkSA avadhi aura 30 varSa kA kumAra kAla kula 100 varSa kI Ayu bhI pArzvanAtha kI ThIka baiTha jAtI hai| kalpasUtra meM bhI anyatra 30 varSa kA kumArakAla, 70 varSa kI bhrAmaNyaparyAya evaM samagra eka sau varSa kI Ayu pArzvanAtha kI kahI gayI hai - "pAse arahA tIsaM vAsAI agAravAsamajjhe vasittA .... bahupaDipuNNaiM sattariM vAsAiM sAmaNNApadiyAgaM pAuNitta, ega vAsasayaM savvAuyaM pAiittA. khINe" / - kalpa sUtra 159

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26 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke janmasthAna vArANasI ke sambandha meM sabhI prAkRta grantha aura donoM paramparAeM eka mata haiN| bhagavAn pArzva kI janma tithi tiloyapaNNatti meM pauSa kRSNA ekAdazI nirdiSTa hai, jabaki kalpasUtra meM pArzva kA janma pauSa kRSNA dazamI kI madhyarAtri diyA huA hai (sUtra 151) / eka tithi kA yaha bheda paravartI granthoM meM bhI banA huA hai| yadyapi vizAkhA nakSatra ke sambandha meM sabhI eka mata haiN| ____ bha. pArzvanAtha kI janmatithi to prAkRta ke ina prAcIna granthoM meM aMkita hai, kintu janmasaMvat yA varSa kyA thA, isakA ullekha yahA~ nahIM hai| prakArAntara se isake kucha saMketa diye gaye haiN| tiloyapaNNatti meM kahA.gayA hai ki bha. pArzvanAtha ke janma aura bha. mahAvIra ke janma meM 278 varSa kA antara hai| jaba hama donoM tIrthaMkaroM kI Ayu isameM se ghaTAte haiM to unake nirvANavarSa kA antara isa prakAra AtA hai - bha. pArzvanAtha bha. mahAvIra I.pU. 877 varSa meM janma I.pU. 599 meM janma (278 varSa kA antara) - 72 varSa kI Ayu - 100 varSa kI Ayu , I.pU. 777 varSa meM nirvANa I.pU. 527 meM nirvANa 777 - 527 = 250 varSa kA antara / isa 250 varSa ke antara ko zvetAmbara paramparA ke 17vI sadI ke eka grantha "upakezagacchacaritAvalI" meM bha. pArzvanAtha ke cAra paTTadhara AcAryoM kA kAla dekara bhI samajhAyA gayA hai| prathama paTTadhara zubhadatta bha. pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ke bAda 24 varSa taka rahe, dvitIya paTTadhara haridatta 70 varSa taka rahe, tRtIya paTTadhara samudrasUri 72 varSa taka rahe aura aMtima caturtha paTTadhara kezIzramaNa 84 varSa taka rhe| arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma aura nirvANa kAla meM bha. pArzvanAtha ke paTTadhara kezIzramaNa vidyamAna the22 / digambara paramparA ke prAkRta granthoM meM pArzva ke paTTadharoM kI paramparA kA

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27 prAkRta sAhitya meM bha. pArzvanAtha carita vivaraNa dRSTigata nahIM huaa| prophesara sAgaramala jaina "upakezagacchacaritAvalI" ke vivaraNa ko prAmANika nahIM mAnate23 / Adhunika dezI-videzI vidvAnoM ne bhI vibhinna sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para bha. pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA svIkAra kI hai| ve bhI bha. mahAvIra ke 250 varSa pUrva bha.pArzvanAtha kA astitva svIkAra karate haiN| aba yaha antara 250 varSa bha. mahAvIra ke nivArNa ke varSa ke pUrva thA yA janma ke varSa ke pUrva, sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM isa sambandha meM abhI kucha kahanA ThIka nhiiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM jo prAcIna prAkRta sAhitya upalabdha hai usameM unake samavasaraNa ke bAda dharmopadeza kA vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayanasUtra, sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, bhagavatIsUtra evaM rAmaSaseniya Adi prAkRta granthoM meM katipaya pArzva-paramparA ke muniyoM aura unakI vicAra dhArA ke vivaraNa avazya upalabdha haiM, jo pArzvanAtha ke dharma-darzana kA saMketa karate haiN| "disIbhAsiyaM" nAmaka prAkRta grantha meM 'pArzva' nAmaka adhyAya hai, jisameM loka-svarUpa, jIva aura pudgala kI gati, karma evaM usake phala-vipAka, gatiyoM kA gamanacakra Adi kA vivecana hai, jisakA upadeza bha. pArzva ne diyA thaa| yahA~ cAturyAma dharma, nirjIva-bhojana aura mokSamArga kI bhI carcA hai| isa sabakA vivaraNa DA. sAgaramala jaina ne apanI pustaka meM diyA hai25 / vidvAnoM ne bha. pArzva aura mahAvIra ke dharma ke vizeSa antara ko sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA cAritra ke rUpa meM spaSTa kiyA hai26 / bha. pArzvanAtha ke mUla upadezoM kI samIkSA prAcIna sandarbho ke AdhAra para kI jAnI Avazyaka hai / saMdarbha 1. Nami-NemI-pAsa-vaDDhamANa y|| - ti.paM., gAthA 519-520. 2. ti.pa., gA. 531. 3. vahI, gA. 555. 4. vahI, gA. 557.

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28 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 7 sa 890. 5. paNNAsAhiya chassaya-culasIdi-sahassavassa-parivaDDhe / NemijiNuppattIdo, uppattI pAsaNAhassa / / 583 / / advattari-ahiyAe be-sd-primaann-vaas-adiritte| pAsajiNuppattIdo, uppattI vaDDhamANassa / / 584 / / 6. vahI, gAthA 589. 7. vahI, gAthA 591, 594, 595, evaM gAthA 605-610. 8. vahI, gAthA 611, 612. vahI, gAthA 614 se 618 yathA - saMti-duga-vAsupuJjA, sumai-dugaM suvvadAdi paMca jinnaa| Niya-pacchima-jammANaM uvayogA jAda-veraggA / / 614 / / 10. vahI, gA. 673 evaM 675. 11. vahI, gA. 678. 12. vahI, gA. 685. 13. vahI, gA. 717 se 890. 14. vahI, gA. 969. 15. vahI, gA. 943-948. 16. vahI, gA. 972-975. 17. vahI, gA. 1169-1170. 18. vahI, gA. 1187 evaM 1191. . 19. vahI, gA. 1218. 20. doNNi sayA aDahattari vAsANa paasnnaahss| igivIsa sahassANiM dudAla vIrassa so kAlo / / 1285 / / 21. padmacarita, sarI 20, zloka 16 se 30. 22. AcArya hastImala jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga, pR. 525-531. 23. arhat pArzva aura unakI paramparA, vArANasI, pR. 51. 24. devendra muni zAstrI, bhagavAna pArzva eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pUnA, 1969. 25. 'risibhAsiyaM eka adhyayana', prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura. 26. pAsaNAhacariu (sampA.-pI.ke. modI), prastAvanA, pR 48-49. 27. jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa (prathama bhAga) paM. balabhadra jaina.

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pArvApatya kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para bha. pArzvanAtha ke upadeza __- DA. nanda lAla jaina* jainoM kI vartamAna caubIsI meM bha. pArzvanAtha teisaveM tIrthaMkara haiN| inhoMne kAzI meM vizAkhA nakSatra meM janma liyA aura isI nakSatra meM sammedAcala se nirvANa paayaa| inakA jIvana caritra kalpa sUtra caupanna mahApurisa cariu, triSaSThizalAkApuruSa carita, mahApurANa aura pArzvapurANa Adi meM pAyA jAtA hai| eka tApasa ke paMcAgni ke tapa ke samaya sarpa kI rakSA aura apane tapasyA kAla meM kamaTha kA upasarga inake jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAyeM haiN| inhoMne tIsa varSa meM dIkSA lI, terAsI dinoM meM kevala jJAna pAyA aura sattara varSa taka dharmopadeza diyaa| donoM hI saMpradAyoM meM, mahAvIra caritra ke viparyAsa meM, unakA caritra prAya: eka samAna hote hue bhI, Adhunika dRSTi se pUrNa nahIM lgtaa| bhalA, sau varSa ko do-cAra pRSThoM meM kaise samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha tathya unakI aitihAsikatA ko bhI vivAdita hone kA saMketa detA hai| bha. pArzva ne apane jIvana kAla meM "puruSa zreSTha" "RSi" aura "arhata" kI khyAti paaii| isase unakI lokapriyatA tathA janakalyANI upadeza kalA kA anumAna lagatA hai| isIliye unakI mUrtiyA~ bhI Aja sarvAdhika haiN| unake saMgha ke sAdhu sthavira aura nigraMtha kahalAte the| mahAvIra kI tulanA meM unake caturvidha saMgha meM kama-se-kama eka pratizata sadasya adhika the| kalpasUtra ke anusAra, inake saMgha meM 16000 sAdhu, 38000 AryikAyeM, 114000 zrAvaka evaM 332000 zrAvikAyeM thiiN| yaha saMkhyA triloka prajJapti meM kucha bhinna hai| phira bhI, ausatana sAdhvI-sAdhu kA anupAta 2.37 aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA kA anupAta lagabhaga 3.0 AtA hai| sAdhvI-sAdhu kA anupAta zvetAmbara saMpradAya meM to aba bhI yahI lagatA * jaina kendra, rIvA

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha hai. para digaMbaroM kI sthiti kAphI bhinna dikhatI hai| yaha saMgha nigraMtha kahalAtA thaa| mahAvIra ko bhI to "nigaMTha-nAtaputta" kahA gayA hai| inake lie jaina zabda to 8-9vIM sadI kI dena hai| inakA mukhya kArya kSetra to vartamAna bihAra tathA uttara pradeza (kAzI, vaizAlI, kapilavastu, zrAvastI aura rAjagira Adi) rahe2,4 para ur3IsA aura baMgAla meM pArkhApatya sarAkoM kI upasthiti unake ina kSetroM meM bhI prabhAva ko sUcita karatI hai| svayaM mahAvIra aura unakA vaMza bhI mUlata: pApitya thaa| bha. buddha aura unake saMbaMdhI bhI prAraMbha meM pArvApatya hI the| mahAvIra kA unake prati Adara bhAva bhI thaa| isakA ullekha unhoMne apane aneka praznoMttaroM meM kiyA hai| mahAvIra ko pArzva kI paraMparA kA saMgha, zruta evaM AcAra prApta huaa| unhoMne sAmayika paristhitiyoM ke anusAra usameM kucha saMzodhana evaM parivartana kiye aura use adhika janakalyANI tathA vaijJAnika bnaayaa| isIlie ve apane yuga ke navIna tIrthaMkara bne| vartamAna meM bha. pArzva ke upadezoM/siddhAntoM se saMbaMdhita koI vizeSa * Agama graMtha nahIM haiN| para kahate haiM ki unake upadezoM kA sAra caudaha pUrva granthoM me rahA hogaa| durbhAgya se, ve Aja vismRti ke garbha meM cale gaye haiN| para unake adhikAMza pravAdAnta nAmoM se patA calatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke samaya bhI mahAvIra ke samAna aneka mata-matAntara rahe hoNge| inake AdhAra para hI unhoMne apane ekIkRta upadeza diye hoNge| unake upadezoM kA sAra RSi bhASita' meM mUla rUpa meM hai para uttarAdhyayana', sUtrakRta, bhagavatI sUtra, jJAtAdharmakathA, rAjapraznIya, Avazyaka niyukti tathA nirayAvaliyAo2 Adi ke samAna prAcIna granthoM meM aneka pArkhApatya sthaviroM evaM zraMmaNopAsakoM ke kathAnakoM ke rUpa meM yatra-tatra bhI upalabdha hotA hai| ina granthoM kA racanA kAla 500-100 I. pU. ke bIca mAnA jA sakatA hai| ye upadeza (1) kezI-gautama saMvAda (2) peMDhAlaputra udaka (3) vaizya putra kAlAsa, sthavira mehila saMgha, sthavira gAMgeya evaM anya pArkhApatya sthavira (4) bhUtA, kAlI Adi sAdhvI (5) keza-pradezI saMvAda (6) sthavira municandra, gozAlaka saMvAda tathA (7) somila brAmhaNa Adi ke kathAnakoM meM pAye jAte haiN| ina

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pApitya kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para bha. pArzvanAtha ke upadeza 31 granthoM meM naMdiSeNa Adi sthavira tathA somA, jayantI, vijayA tathA pragalbhA Adi parivrAjiMkAoM ke bhI ullekha haiN| aneka kathAnakoM meM pApitya sthavira yA zrAvaka mahAvIra ke dharma meM dIkSita to hote haiM. para unameM unake upadeza nahIM haiN| ye sabhI saMvAda aura kathAnaka vArANasI evaM magadha kSetra se saMbaMdhita haiN| isase yaha saMketa milatA hai ki ina kSetroM meM pArvApatyoM kA mahAvIra kAla meM bhI kAphI prabhAva thaa| inheM apane pakSa meM karane ke lie mahAvIra ko aneka bauddhika evaM kUTanItika upAya kAma meM lene par3e hoNge| __ kucha bauddha graMthoM13 meM bhI pArzva aura unase saMbaMdhita sthaviroM ke kathAnaka pAye jAte haiN| ina ullekhoM tathA jaina kathAoM ke AdhAra para hI pArzva kI aitihAsikatA tathA samaya (877-777 I. pU. yA 817-717 I. pU. yadi mahAvIra kA samaya 540-468 I. pU. mAnA jAya, yA 799-699 I. pU.) nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai| bha. pArzva kI aitihAsikatA kI sarvaprathama abhivyakti isa yuga meM jarmana vidvAna harmana jaikobI ne kI thii| ___ bha. pArzva ke pramukha upadezoM meM vicArAtmaka aura AcArAtmaka - donoM koTiyA~ samAhita haiN| isa Alekha meM inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha saMketa denA Avazyaka hai ki maiM itihAsajJa nahIM hU~, dhArmika graMthoM kA vaisA adhyetA bhI nahIM hU~ jaisI yaha vidvAna maMDalI hai| ata: isa Alekha meM aneka apUrNatAyeM hoNgii| Apake buddhiparaka sujhAva mujhe priya hoNge| RSi bhASita meM pArzva RSi ke upadeza digaMbara granthoM meM RSi bhASita kA ullekha nahIM milatA, para zvetAmbara mAnya sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga tathA uttaravartI graMthoM meM isakA prazna vyAkaraNa ke aMga athavA kAlika zruta ke rUpa meM aura tatvArthAdhigama bhASya'3 meM aMgavAhya ke rUpa meM isakA vivaraNa milatA hai| jaina ise ardhamAgadhI kA prAcInatama - AcArAMga kA samavartI yA pUrvavartI - 500-300 I. pU. kA graMtha mAnate haiN| isameM 45 RSiyoM ke upadezoM meM arhat pArzva aura varddhamAna ke upadeza bhI sammilita haiN| yahI eka aisA srota hai jisameM bha. pArzva ke upadeza

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32 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha mUla rUpa meM, binA kathAnaka ke, pAye jAte haiN| isake atirikta, yaha prAcInatama rUpoM meM se anyatara graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| phalata: isI graMtha se hama bha. pArva ke upadezoM kI carcA kreNge| __isameM jahA~ varddhamAna ke karmavAda aura karma saMbara ke upAya - indriya vijaya, kaSAya vijaya evaM mana vijaya (unnIsa gAthAoM meM) batAye gaye haiM, vahIM ve pArzva RSi ke upadeza (caubIsa sUtroM meM) nigraMtha pravacana kA saMpUrNa sAra prastuta karate haiM jinheM mahAvIra ne adhikAMza meM mAnya kiyaa| pArzva ke ina upadezoM meM (1) vicArAtmaka (2) AdhArAtmaka - donoM rUpa samAhita haiN| vaicArika dRSTi se, pArzva ke upadezoM meM (1) paMcAstikAya (2) ATha karma, karma bandha, karma vipAka Adi ke rUpa meM karma vAda (3) cAra gatiyAM aura muktivAda (4) zAzvata, ananta, parimita evaM parivartanazIla .viziSTa AkAra kA loka (5) jIva aura ajIba tatva aura unakI Urdhva - adhogati tathA jIva kA kartRtva - bhoktRtva (6) caturyAma dharma (7) dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke dRSTikoNoM se varNana kI nirUpaNA (8) hiMsA evaM mithyA darzana Adi aThAraha pApasthAnoM kI dukhakaratA (9) inase virati kI sukha-karatA Adi ke siddhAnta pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| . AcAragata upadezoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki manuSya ko hiMsA, kaSAya evaM pApa sthAnoM meM pravRtti nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki ye du:kha ke kAraNa haiN| samyag jJAna evaM darzana se sukha.kI prApti hotI hai| prANiyoM ko sacitta evaM sAMsArika prapaMca - viramaNa karanA cAhie jisase bhava-bhramaNa kA nAza ho| prANiyoM ko cAturyAma dharma kA pAlana karanA caahie| isake pAlana se karma-dvAra saMvRta hote haiN| pArzva ke ye upadeza hameM AtmavAda evaM nivRttimArga kA upadeza dete haiN| ina upadezoM meM sacela - acela mukti kI carcA nahIM hai, mAtra cAturyAma dharma kI carcA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha viSaya uttaravartI kAla meM vicAra -vindu banA hogA jaisA kezI-gautama yA anya saMvAdoM meM prakaTa hotA hai| isa grantha meM "jIva" evaM "atta" (AtmA) - donoM zabdoM kA upayoga samAna

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33 pArthApatya kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para bha. pArzvanAtha ke upadeza artha meM kiyA lagatA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki bha. pArzva ke vicAroM para upaniSadIya "jIvAtmavAda" kA prabhAva par3A hai| anya granthoM meM yatra-tatra jo bhI pArzva ke upadeza yA unakA sandarbha pAyA jAtA hai, vaha RSibhASita ke sUtroM kA vistAra yA kiMcit parivardhana (sacela-acela mukti Adi) kA rUpa uttarAdhyayana : kezI-gautama saMvAda : vijJAna aura prajJA kA upayoga Avazyaka caTarjI uttarAdhyayana ko pAMcavI sadI IsA pUrva kA graMtha mAnate haiM / 15 isake teisaveM adhyayana meM pArvApatya kezI evaM mahAvIra ke gaNadhara gautama kA eka jJAnavardhaka saMvAda hai| rAjapraznIya ke kezI-pradezI ke saMvAda meM yahI pArvApatya kezI AcArya haiN| isa saMvAda ke anusAra, eka bAra kumAra zramaNa kezI aura gaNadhara gautama eka hI samaya zrAvastI (u.pra.) ke alaga-alaga do udyAnoM meM Thahare the| donoM ke hI mana meM eka-dUsare se milane kI evaM eka dUsare kI paramparAoM ko jAnane kI jijJAsA huyii| gautama saMgha sahita kezI se milane gye| kezI ne unase bAraha praznoM para jijJAsA kii| inameM do prazna mahatvapUrNa haiN| eka hI lakSya hote huye cAturyAma evaM paMcayAma tathA veza kI dvividhatA ke upadeza kA kyA kAraNa hai? gautama ne isa viSaya meM bahuta hI vaijJAnika dRSTi kA Azraya liyA aura batAyA ki .. (1) upadeza ziSyoM kI yogyatA evaM laukika dazAoM ke AdhAra para diye jAte haiN| bha. pArzva ke samaya sAdhu aura zrAvaka Rju aura prAjJa hote the aura bha. mahAvIra ke samaya ye vakra aura jar3a hote haiN| ata: donoM ke upadezoM meM dharma aura tatva kA upadeza prajJA aura buddhi kA prayoga kara denA caahiye| mahAvIra ne vartamAna dazA ko dekhakara hI vibhajyavAda ke AdhAra para brahmacarya vrata jor3a kara paMcayAma kA upadeza diyaa| pArzva ke yuga meM yaha aparigraha ke antargata samAhita hotA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bha. pArzva ke yuga meM vivAha-prathA kA pracalana kiMcit zithila rahA hogaa| mahAvIra ne use pAMcaveM yAma ke AdhAra para sudRr3ha banAyA aura sAmAjikatA kA samvarddhana kiyaa|

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34 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tatvata: isameM bhinna - pathatA nahIM, vyAkhyA-spaSTatA hI adhika hai| mUlAcAra 7.535-39 meM bhI parokSata: yahI kahA gayA hai| (2) isI prakAra, veza (sacela-acela) sambandhI dvividhatA bhI kevala vyAvahArika hai| yahA~ bhI vaijJAnika AdhAra para hI dharma ke sAdhanoM ke avalambana karane kI bAta hai| nizcaya dRSTi se to dharma ke mukhya sAdhaka jJAna, darzana aura caritra hI haiN| isa prakAra veza gauNa hai| isa para bala dene kI anivAryatA nahIM hai| bharata cakravartI Adi binA veza ke hI kevalI haye haiN| yahA~ "nizcaya" zabda kA upayoga huA hai jo mahatvapUrNa hai| jo kevala sacela mukti hI mAnate haiN| ve sahI nahIM haiN| sacela-acela sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA yaha prathama ullekha lagatA hai| ___ina do paramparAgata vicAra-bhedoM ke upadezoM ke atirikta anya 10 praznottara bindu pArzva aura mahAvIra - donoM ne hI svIkRta kiye haiN| isa prakAra ina donoM paramparAoM meM lagabhaMga 17% mata bhinnatA prakaTa hotI hai| ina 10 vinduoM meM (1) manoniyantraNa ke mAdhyama se iMdriya-kaSAyavijaya (2) . rAga-dveSa-sneha rUpI pAzoM se mukti (3) bhava-tRSNA rUpI latA ko uttama caritra rUpI agni se naSTa karanA (4) kaSAya rUpI agni ko tapojala se zamita karanA (5) mana rUpI durdAnta azva ko zruta evaM saMyama se vaza meM karanA (6) su-pravacana ke mArga para calanA (7) dharma-dvIpa se prakAzita honA (8) saMsAra samudra ko mokSaiSaNA dvArA pAra karanA (9) ajJAna aMdhakAra ko arhat vacana ke prakAza se naSTa karanA tathA mukta sthAna prApta krnaa| ye vindu upamAoM ke mAdhyama se manovaijJAnika AdhAra para prabhAvI rUpa se vyakta kiye gaye haiN| sUtra tAMga : gautama-peMDhAlaputra udaka saMvAda : zrAvakoM kA dharma vartamAna bihAra pradeza ke nAlaMdA nagara ke manorama udyAna meM gautama gaNadhara aura pApityIya peMDhAlaputra udaka kA hiMsA aura karma baMdha viSayaka manoraMjaka saMvAda AyA hai| gautama ne udaka ko batAyA ki sAdhu yA zramaNa to sarva hiMsAvirati kA upadeza detA hai, para gRhastha apanI sImAoM ke kAraNa

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pArzvagatya kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para bha0 pArzvanAtha ke upadeza 35 sthUla yA trasa - hiMsA kA hI tyAga kara pAtA hai / isakA yaha artha nahIM lenA cAhiye ki zramaNa use trasahiMsA kI anumati detA hai aura svayaM tathA zrAvaka ke karmabaMdha kA bhAgI hotA hai| gRhastha kI sthAvara hiMsA usake apratyAkhyAnI pApabaMdha kA kAraNa banatI hai / vastutaH trasakAya meM AyuSya * bhoga rahe prANI hI sa mAne jAte haiM / yaha bhI sahI nahIM hai ki aisI koI bhI paryAya nahIM jahAM gRhastha prANI hiMsA kA tyAga kara sake kyoMki sabhI sthAvara na to trasa ke rUpa meM yA sabhI trasa sthAvara ke rUpa meM janma le pAte haiN| sAtha hI, deva, . nArakI evaM vikriyA Rddhi dhArakoM tathA uttama saMhananI jIvoM kI hiMsA to vaha kara hI nahIM sktaa| phalataH aneka paryAya haiM jahAM hiMsA kA parityAga ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra, koI gRhastha trasahiMsA ke pratyAkhyAna kA vrata lekara sthAvara kAya kI hiMsA ke kAraNa vrata bhaMgI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / phalata: hiMsA-ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vrata pAlana kA artha laukika jIvana evaM paryAya-vizeSa ke AdhAra para lenA cAhiye / bhagavatI sUtra aura bha0 pArzva ke upadeza aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki bhagavatI sUtra ke pUrvavartI zataka prAcIna haiN| ina meM 1.9, 2.5, 5.9, 9. 32 Adi meM pArzvapatyoM evaM sthaviroM ke vivaraNa aura kahIM kahIM upadeza bhI pAye jAte haiM / inameM kahIM kahIM pArzvApatya zrAvaka / sthavira mahAvIra ke paMcayAmI evaM sapratikramaNI dharma meM dIkSita hote bhI batAye gaye haiN| * vaizyaputraM kAlAsa ke kathAnaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAmAyika, pratyAkhyAna, saMyama, saMvara, viveka aura vyutsarga ko do prakAra se paribhASita kiyA jAtA sakatA hai - dravyArthika naya yA nizcaya - naya se ina padoM kA artha abhedAtmaka AtmA hI hai aura vyavahAra naya se inakA artha ve prakriyAyeM haiM jinase Atmatva ke ye guNa paripakva rUpa meM abhivyakta hote haiM / udAharaNArtha, saMyama kI abhivyakti ke liye kaSAyoM kI garhA kI jAtI hai| isa kathAnaka se yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki bha0 pArzva ke samaya meM ye pAribhASika zabda pracalita the / inake paripAlana se agAra anagAratva kI ora abhimukha hotA hai| isa kathAnaka se bhI yaha tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki pArzvanAtha AtmavAdI the / isa

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kathAnaka kA sthAna graMtha meM nirdiSTa nahIM hai, saMbhavata: yaha rAjagira ke samIpa hI ho| .. tuMgiyA nagarI meM eka bAra pArzvapAtyIya sthavira mehila, AnaMdarakSita, kAlikaputra evaM kAzyapa sa-saMgha pdhaare| vahAM ke zrAvakoM ko prasannatA huI aura ve unake darzanArtha gye| sthaviroM ne unheM na kevala caturyAma dharma (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha) kA upadeza diyA apitu unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA ki saMyama pAlana se saMvara hotA hai aura tapa se karmanirjarA hotI hai| yahI nahIM, unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki pUrvakRta karma, pUrvakRta saMyama, karmabandha (zarIranAma karma) evaM Asakti se prANiyoM kI gati nirdhArita hotI hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki sarAga saMyama evaM sarAga tapa karmabaMdha meM kAraNa hotA hai aura Asakti kI tIvratA-maMdatA bhAvI gati nirdhAraka hotI hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki gatiyoM kA baMdha rAga avasthA meM hI hotA hai vItarAga avasthA meM nahIM hotaa| eka anya kathAnaka meM kucha pArkhApatya sthavira rAjagira meM mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM ki asaMkhyaloka meM anaMta aura parimita rAtri-divasa kaise ho sakate haiM? unhoMne bha. pArzva ke upadezoM kA ullekha karate hae batAyA ki yaha saMbhava hai kyoMki anaMta kAlANu saMkucita hokara asaMkhya kSetra meM samAhita ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra, pratyeka jIva kI apekSA kAla parimita bhI ho sakatA hai| pArzvanAtha ke anusAra loka zAzvata, Aloka parivrata, parimita evaM viziSTa AkAra kA hai| isameM ananta aura asaMkhya jIva utpanna aura naSTa hote rahate haiN| vastuta: jIvoM ke kAraNa hI yaha kSetra loka kahalAtA hai| bhagavatI ke 9.32 meM vANijya grAma (vaizAlI ke pAsa hI) meM pApityIya sthavira gaMgeya ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se aneka prazna kiye| mahAvIra ne bha. pArzva ke mata kA ullekha karate huye batAyA ki (1) vibhinna prakAra ke jIva sAMtara evaM niraMtara utpanna hote rahate haiN| (2) sabhI jIva cAra gatiyoM meM utpanna hote haiN| naraka gati meM sAta naraka

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pApitya kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para bha. pArzvanAtha ke upadeza / hote haiN| tiryaMcoM kI ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka pAMca pramukha yoniyAM hotI haiN| manuSya gati meM samarchana evaM garbhaja yoni hotI hai| devagati cAra prakAra kI hotI hai| paMcendriya tiryaMca aura garbhaja manuSyoM kI saMkhyA anya yoniyoM se alpa hotI hai| manuSyoM kI tulanA meM deva sau gune aura tiryaMca eka hajAra gune hote haiN| ina uttaroM meM jIva se jIva kI utpatti yA satkAryavAda kA bhI parokSata: ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna gatiyoM meM utpatti pUrvakRta karmabaMdha kI prakRti para nirbhara karatI hai| ina kathAnakoM meM aneka sthaloM para yaha batAyA gayA hai ki aneka bAra pApitya zrAvaka evaM sthavira caturyAma se paMcayAma dharma meM dIkSita huye aura mahAvIra saMgha kI zobhA bddh'aayii| rAjapraznIya : kumArazramaNakezI - pradezI saMvAda : AtmavAda ___ rAjapraznIya sUtra ko upAMgoM meM ginA jAtA hai| usameM kezI-pradezI saMvAda ke antargata zarIra-bhinna AtmavAda kA tArkika unnayana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi kucha vidvAna isa kezI ko pApitya kezI se bhinna mAnate haiM para adhikAMza pUrvI evaM pazcimI vidvAna unheM pArvApatya hI mAnate haiN| bha. pArzva kA yuga upaniSadoM kI racanA kA yuga thA jaba kriyAkANDa ne jJAnakANDa kA rUpa liyA aura svataMtra AtmavAda kA upadeza diyaa| isI upadeza ko AcArya kezI ne anubhUti-puSTa karane ke badale tarka-puSTa kiyA aura durAgraha evaM ekAMtavAda ko chor3ane kA Agraha kiyaa| isa saMvAda meM jJAna ke pAMca prakAroM kA bhI varNana hai - usase pRthaka AtmavAda se saMbaMdhita ATha tarka haiM jo nimna haiM : ... . (1) paraloka (naraka evaM devaloka) gata saMbaMdhI cAra kAraNoM se tatkAla nahIM __ A sakate (sthAnAMga, 4), ata: pratibodha nahIM de skte| (2) AtmA vAyu ke samAna apratihata gati vAlA hai| zUnya meM vAyu gati nahIM krtii| (3) mandabuddhi vAloM ke liye AtmavAda - jaisA sUkSma viSaya bodhagamya nahIM . hai (jJAnAvaraNa karma)

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38 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (4) AtmA meM havA ke samAna bhAra nahIM hotaa| yaha aguru laghu hai| (5) zarIradhArI jIva meM karmodaya se zakti-bhinnatA vyakta hotI hai| (6) AtmA vAyu ke samAna adRzya hai, sUkSma hai, yaha amUrta hai| (7) AtmA - pradezoM meM saMhAra - visarpaNa kI yogyatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM yahA~ vAyu aura agni tapta lohe ke dRSTAntaM bhautika tijasa-kArmaNa zarIrI) jIva ke astitva ko siddha karate haiM, amUrta Atma jatva ko nahIM (parantu upakaraNa aura prayoga vihIna yuga meM laukika udAharaNoM dvArA amUrta tatva ko siddha karane kI kalA anUThI hI khlaayegii)| yaha manovaijJAnika bhI hai| isI liye rAjA-pradezI kezI kA anuyAyI bana . gyaa| lagatA hai, yaha saMvAda gaNadhara, gautama se bheMTa ke pUrva kA hai kyoMki kezI-gautama saMvAda meM to ve mahAvIra - saMgha meM dIkSita ho gaye the| nirayAvaliyAo : somila brAhmaNa aura paMca aNuvrata vArANasI ke somila brAhmaNa ne pArzva ke upadeza sunakara vratoM kI dIkSA lii| bAda meM aneka prakAra ke sAdhuoM ke kAraNa aneka bAra unakA atikramaNa kiyA aura mithyAtvI ho gyaa| eka hitakArI deva ke bAra bAra yAda karAne para usane puna: 12 vrata dhAraNa kiye, vrata-tapa-upavAsa kiye| vaha mara kara deva huaa| sAdhvI bhUtA kI kathA kA bhI yahI rUpa hai para usameM upadeza nahIM hai| phira bhI, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki somila kA yaha kathAnaka pArzvakAlIna nahIM honA cAhiye kyoMki usameM cAturyAma ke badale paMcayAma kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI, bhagavatI sUtra 18.10 meM bhI somila brAhmaNa kA kathAnaka hai aura usameM bhI ve hI prazna haiM jo nirayAvaliyAo meM haiM para usake mithyAtvI hokara purnadIkSita hone kI bAta nahIM hai| sAtha hI, yaha kathAnaka vANijya grAma se saMbaMdhita hai / isaliye donoM kathAnakoM ke somila brAhmaNa alaga vyakti honA cAhiye para paMcayAma kI saMgati kaise baiThegI?

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pApitya kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para bha. pArzvanAtha ke upadeza upasaMhAra ___ uparokta- vivecana se spaSTa hai ki pArzva ke saiddhAntika upadezoM ke antargata (1) paMcAstikAya (2) karmavAda aura usake vividha AyAma (3) anaMtasukhI mokSa (4) zAzvata para parimita evaM parivartanazIla loka (5) jIva-zarIra-bhinnatA ke mAdhyama se svataMtra AtmavAda (6) jIva ke amUrtatva, sUkSmatvaM, adRzyatva, UrdhvagAmitva, kartRtva aura bhogatRtva (7)cAra gatiyAM aura pAMca jJAna: rAgAMvasthA meM gatibaMdha (8) satkAryavAda (9) cAturyAma dharma/sAmAyika dharma (10) sAntara-uttara vastra muktitva (11) hiMsA-ahiMsA kA viveka paryAya aura paristhiti para nirbhara (12) dhArmika padoM ke artha vyavahAra evaM nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se lagAne kI carcA Adi vindu Ate haiN| isake atirikta, AcAra ke kSetra meM bhI kaSAya, hiMsA, pApasthAna evaM mithyA-darzana se viramaNa, acitta AhAra, vrata-upavAsa Adi ke dvArA indriya - mana niyaMtraNa; pariSaha sahana, sAmAyika, saMyama, saMvara, tapa evaM nirjarA kA abhyAsa, pUrvakRta karmoM evaM Asakti ke alpIkaraNa kI prakriyA kA pAlana Adi naitika jIvana ke unnayana ke upadeza pramukha haiN| nizcaya-vyavahAra * siddhAnta ke samAna vAhya evaM antaraMga AcAra kA upadeza bhI diyA gayA hai| ye sabhI paramparAgata upadeza mahAvIra ne bhI apanAye haiN| donoM hI - tIrthaMkara mahilAoM ke prati udAra the| donoM hI muktilakSI the| . phira bhI, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI tulanA meM bha0 pArzva ke yuga meM nimna saiddhAntika mAnyatAyeM utanI spaSTa rUpa se nahIM milatI - (1) kAladravya (2) sapta-tatva/nava padArtha (inake parokSa saMketa ho sakate haiM) (3) dainika pratikramaNa kI anivAryatA (4) paMcayAma dharma (brahmacarya yama) aura chedopasthApanA caritra (5) aSTapravacana mAtA kA mahatva (samiti aura gupti) (6) vibhajyavAda evaM anekAntavAda kA vartamAna rUpa (7) acela mukti kI aikAntika maanytaa| ina tatvoM kA vikAsa bha. mahAvIra ke samaya meM huA lagatA hai| isIliye mahAvIra saMgha meM dIkSita hone vAle pApitya paMcayAma evaM sapratikramaNI dIkSA lete the| ina kucha kaThoratAoM ke kAraNa hI mahAvIra-saMgha banA to rahA para phaila nahIM paayaa| isake sAtha hI, pArzva ke

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40 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha yuga meM (1) sacela-acela muktivAda (2) AtmavAda aura abhedavAda (3) suvidhA bhogI sAdhutva evaM sthaviravAda tathA (4) cAturyAmavAda se saMbaMdhita upadezoM kI pramukhatA pAI jAtI hai| prAcIna granthoM meM "strI muktivAda" evaM "kevalI kavalAhAravAda" kI carcA nahIM hai| inake cAturyAma - paMcayAma, sacela-acela muktivAda tathA sAmAyika caritra Adi aneka prakaraNoM meM vyavahAra-nizcaya dRSTi kA bhI AbhAsa hotA hai| kyA kundakunda kI varIyatA prApta nizcaya dRSTi kA AdhAra ye hI ullekha haiM? kezI ko gautama kI yaha bAta acchI lagI ki tatva evaM caritra kI parIkSA prajJA, buddhi evaM vijJAna se karanI caahiye| isa vaijJAnikatA kI dRSTi ne hI mahAvIra ko pArzva ke cintana ko vikasita evaM abhivarddhita karane kI preraNAM dii|. phira bhI, uparokta AcAroM ke kAraNa pArzva saMgha meM vikRti AyI hogI jisase mahAvIra ke yuga meM, pArzvastha zabda ko zithilAcAra kA pratIka mAnA jAne lgaa| saMbhavata: yaha mAnyatA pArzva ko hIna dikhAne kI eka kuTanIti kA aMga rahI ho| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jahAM chedopasthApanA caritra, kAladravyavAda, vibhajyavAda Adi ke upadeza mahAvIra kI udAratA pradarzita karate haiM, vahIM paMcayAma evaM acela muktivAda, dainika pratikramaNa, samiti - guptipAlana para bala Adi ke pracaNDa nivRttimArgI upadeza- unakI vyaktigata jIvana meM anuzAsana kI kaThoratA ke pratIka mAne jAte haiN| isa kaThoratA ko aneka pUrvI aura pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne jaina taMtra ke sArvatrika na ho pAne kA eka pramukha kAraNa mAnA hai| mahAvIra ke yuga kI tIrthaMkara caubIsI kI mAnyatA tathA pUrvo ke sAtha aMgopAMgoM kA zAstrIya vistAra bhI isa prakriyA meM bAdhaka rahA hai| anekAntavAdI mAnyatA meM jaina taMtra ko sarvottama siddha hI kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai?16 ina kAraNoM se aisA lagatA hai ki pArzva ke siddhAnta saMbhavata: jaina taMtra ko adhika sArvatrika banA sakate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki aba kucha vidvAn nirgrantha dharma (pArzva dharma) kI carcA karane lage haiN| para isase mahAvIra kA mahatva kama nahIM hogA kyoMki unheM pAzcAtyoM ne bhI vizva ke eka sau mahAna puruSoM meM mAnA hai| basa hameM, kezI gautama saMvAda ke do vAkya yAda rakhane cAhiye -

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- - pAvapitya kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para bha. pArzvanAtha ke upadeza (1) paNNA sammikkhae dhmm| (2) viNNANeNa dhammasAhaNamicchiyaM / / saMdarbha 1. AcArya bhadrabAhu : kalpasUtra, zivAnA, 1970 2. paMDita sukhalAla. cAra tIrthaMkara, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, 1989. 3. AcArya yativRSabha : tiloyapaNNatti - 1, jIvarAja graMthamAlA, solApura, 1953. 4. svAmI, sudharmA : AcArAMga-2, Apra.saM.vyAvara, 1980. 5. jaina, sAgaramala, saM0. RSibhASita, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1988. 6. uttarAdhyayana-2, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1993. 7. svAmI, sudharmA : sUtrakRtAMga-2, tathaiva, 1986, pRSTha 357. 8. tathaiva - : (1) bhagavatI sUtra-1, tathaiva, 199.4 pRSTha 179-263. (2) bhagavatI sUtra 2-5, sAdhumArgI saMgha, sailAnA, -1968-72, 921, 1614, 2754. 9. tathaiva : jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra, a.pra.sa. vyAvara, 1981, pRSTha 513,526. 10. sthavira : rAjapraznIya, tathaiva, 1982 pRSTha 167. 11. dekho saMdarbha 6, pRSThaM 35. 12. sthavira : nirayAvaliyAo, gurjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1934. 13. caTarjI e.ke. : kaMprehensiva hisTrI Ava jainsa, ke.ela.ema., kalakattA, 1978, pRSTha 11. . 14. vAcaka, umAsvAti : tatvArthAdhigama sabhASya, rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, 1932, pRSTha 42. 15. dekho, saMdarbha 13, pRSTha 251. 16. jaina, ena.ela. : sarvodayI, jaina taMtra, potadAra TrasTa, TIkamagar3ha, 1997.

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pArzva paramparA ke uttaravartI sAdhu aura unakA svarUpa - DaoN. ramezacandra jaina* pAsattha zabda prAcIna sAhitya meM aneka sthAnoM para AyA haiN| isakI aneka prakAra kI vyAkhyAyeM kI gayI haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM mAsattha, avasanna, saMsakta, kuzIla aura mRgacaritra ke bheda se bhraSTacAritra muni ke pA~ca bheda kie.gae haiN| inase sadaiva hI manuSya ko dUra rahanA cAhie, kyoMki inake saMsarga se vaha manuSya bhI unake samAna hI pArzvastha Adi rUpa ho jAtA hai| sukhazIla hone ke kAraNa jo binA kAraNa ayogya kA sevana karatA hai, vaha pArzvastha (pAsattha) hai| arthAt aticAra rahita saMyama mArga kA svarUpa jAnate hue bhI usameM pravRtti nahIM karatA, kintu saMyama mArga ke pAsa hI vaha rahatA hai| yadyapi vaha ekAnta se asaMyamI nahIM hai, parantu niraticAra saMyama kA pAlana nahIM karatA - isalie usako pArzvastha kahate haiM - ___ 'patthAnaM pazyannapi tatsamIpe'nyeta kazcida gacchati yathAsaumArga pArzvastha: evaM niraticAra saMyamamArga jAnannapi na tatra vattata, kintu saMyama mArga pArve tiSThati naikAntenIsaMyata:, na ca niraticAra saMyama: sne'bhidhIyate pArzvastha iti|' vaha zayyAdhara piNDa - bhojana ko nitya karatA hai| bhojana karane ke pahale aura bhojana karane ke pazcAt dAtA kI stuti karatA hai| uparyukta zayyAdhara zabda tIna arthoM meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| jo vasati banAtA hai, jo TUTI huI vasati kI marammata karatA hai tathA tIsarA vaha jo vyavasthApaka hotA hai arthAt vasati ko detA hai| unakA piNDa (bhojana), upakaraNa (pratilekhana) Adi zayyAdhara piNDa kahalAtA hai| una bhojanAdi kA * bijanaura, u.pra.

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pArzva paramparA ke uttaravartI sAdhu aura unakA svarUpa tyAga tIsarA sthiti kalpa hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM use sAgariya piNDa bhI kahA haiM / kalpasUtra TIkA meM kahA hai ki zayyAtara ke yahA~ se AhAra Adi grahaNa karanA aura usakA upayoga karanA sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko nahIM klptaa| nizIthabhASya meM zayyAdhara se tAtparya zramaNa ko zayyA Adi dekara saMsAra samudra ko tairane vAlA gRhastha batalAyA hai| ise azana, pAna, khAdya, svAdyAdi AhAra. tathA anya vastuoM ko akalpanIya kahA hai| pArzvastha utpAdana aura eSaNA doSa se dUSita bhojana karatA hai, nitya eka hI vasatikA meM rahatA hai, eka hI saMstara para zayana karatA hai, eka hI kSetra meM nivAsa karatA hai, gRhasthoM ke ghara ke andara baiThatA hai, gRhasthoM ke upakaraNoM kA upayoga karatA hai| pratilekhanA binA kie hI vastu ko gRhaNa karatA hai yA dhRSTatA pUrvaka pratilekhanA karatA hai, suI, kaiMcI, nahinI, kSurA Adi vastu ko pAsa meM rakhatA hai, sInA, dhonA, raMganI Adi kAryoM meM lagA rahatA hai| kSAra cUrNa, suramA, namaka, ghI Adi padArtha kAraNa na hone para bhI pAsa meM rakhatA hai| upakaraNa bakuza aura dehabakuza ko bhI pArzvastha muni kahA . vastuta: kucha sAdhu indriya rUpI coroM aura kaSAyarUpI hiMsaka jIvoM ke dvArA pakar3e jAkara sAdhu sagha ke mArga ko chor3akara sAdhuoM ke pArzvavartI ho jAte haiN| sAdhu saMgha ke pArzvavartI hone se unheM pAsattha yA pArzvastha kahate haiN| sAdhu samUha ke mArga ko chor3akara pArzvastha munipane ko prApta hue ve Rddhigaurava aura sAtagaurava se bhare gahana vana meM par3akara tIvra du:kha pAte haiN| jaise viSaile kA~ToM se biMdhe huye manuSya aTavI meM akele duHkha pAte haiM, vaise hI mithyotva, mAyA aura nidAna rUpI kA~ToM se biMdhe hue ve pArzvastha muni du:kha pAte haiN| ___ vaha pArzvastha mani sAdhu saMgha kA mArga tyAgakara aise muni ke pAsa jAtA hai, jo cAritra se bhraSTa hokara pArzvastha muniyoM kA AcaraNa karatA hai / indriya, kaSAya aura viSayoM ke kAraNa rAga dveSa rUpa pariNAmoM aura krodhAdi pariNAmoM ke tIvra hone se vaha cAritra ko tRNa ke samAna mAnatA hai;

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__tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kyoMki rAgAdi rUpa azubha pariNAma tattvajJAna ke pratibandhaka hote haiN| ata: usakA jJAna dUSita hone se vaha cAritra ko starahIna mAnatA hai| isI se vaha usameM AdarabhAva rakhane ke kAraNa cAritra se cyUta hotA hai| isI se use cAritrabhraSTa kahA hai| cAritra bhraSTa hokara vaha pArzvastha muniyoM kI sevA meM laga jAtA hai| ___mUlAcAra meM pApa zramaNa ke pArzvastha, kuzIla, saMsakta, avasanna aura mRga cAritra ye pA~ca bheda kie gae haiN| ye samyak darzana, jJAna aura cAritra meM ayukta tathA dharmAdi meM harSarahita hote haiN| mUlAcAra vRtti meM kahA hai - saMyata guNebhya: pAzve abhyAse tiSThatIti pArzvasthaH / / mUlI vRtti: 7/96 saMyata ke guNoM ke pArzva meM sthita rahane vAle zramaNa pArzvastha kahalAte haiN| cAritrasAra ke anusAra yo vasati pratibaddha upakaraNoMpajIvI ca zramaNAnAma pArve tiSThatIti paarshvsthH| cAritrasAra, 143/3. jo muni vasatikAoM meM nivAsa karate haiM, upakaraNoM se hI apanI jIvikA calAte haiM, parantu muniyoM ke samIpa rahate haiM, unheM pArzvastha kahate ___ vyavahAra sUtra ke prathama upadeza meM pArzvastha ke tIna nAma die haiM - pArzvastha, prAsvastha aura paashtth| (jo sAdhu) darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke pAsa meM rahatA hai, kintu usameM saMlagna nahIM hotA, use pArzvastha kahate haiN| pra. arthAt prakarSa se jJAnAdi meM nirudyamI hokara rahatA hai, isalie prAsvastha kahate haiM tathA pAza bandhana ko kahate haiN| mithyAtva Adi bandha ke kAraNa hone se pAza haiM, unameM rahane se use pAzattha kahate haiM13 / , ___ bhAvapAhuDa meM kahA gayA hai ki he Atman! kubhAvanA ke pariNAma rUpa bIja ke dvArA anAdikAla se pArzva Adi bhAvanAoM kA aneka bAra cintana kara tU du:kha ko prApta huA hai|

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45 pArzva paramparA ke uttaravartI sAdhu aura unakA svarUpa liGga pAhuDa meM kahA hai ki jo liMga dhAraNa kara strI samUha meM unakA vizvAsa kara tathA unheM vizvAsa utpanna karAkara darzana, jJAna, cAritra ko detA hai, unakI samyaktva batalAtA hai, jJAna detA hai, dIkSA detA hai, pravRtti sikhAtA hai| isa prakAra vizvAsa upajAkara unameM pravRtti karatA hai, vaha vyakti pArzvastha se bhI adhika nikRSTa hai|" / vaha zramaNa nahIM hai| 1 ete paJca cAritrasAra meM pArzvasthAdiko jinadharma bAhaya kahA hai zramaNAH jinadharma bAhyA: / . pArzvasthAdi pA~coM muni sukhasvabhAvI hote haiM, samyagdarzanAdi guNoM ke prati nirutsAhI ho jAte haiM / nIti, vaidyaka, sAmudrika Adi pApa zAstroM kA Adara karate haiN| iSTa viSayoM kI AzA se ba~dhe hue haiN| tIna gAMkha se sadA yukta aura pandraha pramAdoM se pUrNa hai / samiti, gupti kI bhAvanAoM se dUra rahate haiN| saMyama ke bheda rUpa jo uttaraguNa tathA zIla vagairaha haiM, inase bhI dUra rahate haiN| dUsaroM ke kAryoM kI cintA meM lage rahate haiM / AtmakalyANa ke kAryoM se kosoM dUra haiM, isalie inameM ratnatraya kI zuddhi nahIM rhtii| parigraha meM sadA tRSNA, adhika moha va ajJAna, gRhasthoM ke samAna Arambha karanA, zabda, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura sparza ina viSayoM meM Asakti, paraloka ke viSaya meM nispRha, ehika kAryoM meM sadA tatparaM, svAdhyAya Adi kAryoM meM mana na laganA, saMkleza pariNAma, mUla va uttara guNoM meM sadA aticAra yuktatA, cAritramoha kA kSayopazama na honA, ye saba avasannAdi ke doSa haiM, jinheM nahIM haTAte hue ve apanA AyuSya vyatIta kara dete haiM, jisase ki ina mAyAvI muniyoM ko . devadurgati arthAt nIca devayoni kI prApti hotI hai|" / saMsAra bhayayukta muni bhI ina pArzvasthAdi kA sahavAsa karane se pahale to prItiyukta ho jAtA hai aura tadanantara unake viSaya meM mana meM vizvAsa hotA hai, anantara unameM citta vizrAnti pAtA hai arthAt Asakta hotA hai aura tadannatara pArzvasthAdimaya bana jAtA hai 17 / uparyukta sandarbhoM ke atirikta zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie pAsAvaccijja (pArzvapatyIya ) aura pAsattha (pArzvastha )

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46 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ina do zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi donoM hI zabdoM kA artha pArzva ke anuyAyI ho sakatA hai, kintu hama yaha dekhate haiM ki jahA~ pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM ko sammAnajanaka rUpa meM prastuta karane kA prazna AyA, vahA~ 'pAsAvAccijja' zabda kA prayoga huA hai aura jahA~ unheM hIna rUpa meM prastuta karane kA prasaMga AyA hai, vahA~ unake lie pAsattha zabda kA prayoga huA hai| . ___ zvetAmbarIya jaina Agama granthoM meM 'pAsAvaccijja' (pArkhApatyIya) kahe jAne vAle aneka vyaktiyoM kA ullekha hai| pro. dalasukha mAlavaNIyA ne unakI saMkhyA 510 batalAyI hai| unameM se 503 sAdhu the| TIkAkAroM ne 'pAsAvaccijja' zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai - (ka) pApityasya pArzvasvAmi ziSyasya apatyaM ziSya : pArzvapatyIya / (kha) pArzvajinaziSyANAmayaM pArthApatyIya": (ga) pArzvanAtha ziSya ziSya / (gha) cAturyAmika sAdho / uparyukta vyAkhyAoM se 'pAsAccijja' zabda ke do artha nikAle jA sakate haiN| (ka) pArzvapatyIya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the| (kha) ve cAra yAmoM kA pAlana karate the| AcArAMga meM 'samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro pAsAccijjA samaNovAsagAyA vi hotthA' aisA kathana AyA hai| isase siddha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha pApityIya zramaNopAsaka aura mAtA trizalA zramaNo pAsikA thiiN|| DaoN. vimalacaraNa laoN ke anusAra bhagavAna pArzva ke dharma kA pracAra bhArata ke uttaravartI kSatriyoM meM thA, vaizAlI usakA mukhya kendra thaa| vRjjigaNa ke pramukha mahArAja ceTaka bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the25 / kapilavastu meM bhI pArzva kA dharma phailA huA thA, vahA~ nyagrodhArAma meM zAkya nirgrantha zrAvaka vappa ke sAtha buddha kA saMvAda huA thaa| . harsavartha ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko gautama buddha aura mahAvIra se pUrvavartI puruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki nAtaputra (bhagavAna mahAvIra)

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pArzva paramparA ke uttaravartI sAdhu aura unakA svarUpa ke pUrvagAmI unhIM kI mAnyatA vAle aneka tIrthaMkaroM meM unakA vizvAsa hai aura inameM se antima pArzva yA pArzvanAtha ke prati ve vizeSa zraddhA vyakta karate haiN| unakI yaha mAnyatA ThIka bhI hai; kyoMki antima vyakti paurANika se adhika haiN| vaha vastuta: jainadharma ke rAjavaMzI saMsthApaka the, jaba ki unake anuyAyI mahAvIra kaI pIr3hiyoM se unase choTe the aura unheM mAtra sudhAraka mAnA jA sakatA hai| gautama (buddha) ke samaya meM hI pArzva dvArA sthApita niggaMTha (nirgrantha) nAmase prasiddha dhArmika saMgha eka pUrva saMsthApita sampradAya thA aura bauddha granthoM ke anusAra usane bauddhadharma ke utthAna meM aneka bAdhAyeM DAlIM27 / aisA lagatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya taka pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ke anuyAyI zithila AcaraNa karane lage the, ata: pAsattha kahakara unakI nindA kI gayI hai| isI zithilAcAra ke kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko svatantra rUpa se apane saMgha kA gaThana karanA par3A aura saikar3oM, hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM usameM pApityIya bhI sammilita ho ge| ho sakatA hai kucha loga na bhI sammilita hue hoM, kintu unheM kisI na kisI sampradAya kA sahArA avazya lenA par3A hogA, kyoMki bhagavAna, mahAvIra ke abhyudaya ke bAda pAsatthoM kA utkarSa nahIM rahA aura mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA ve zithilAcArI ke rUpa meM hI gine ge| itanA hote hue bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA vahI pUjanIya sthAna rahA jo pahale se calA AtA thaa| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM mahAvIra dvArA pArzvanAtha 'puruSAdAnIya' vizeSaNa unake prati vizeSa Adara bhAva ko dyotita karatA hai| saMdarbha 1. pAsatthAdIpaNayaM NiccaM vajjeha savvadhA tumhe| haMdi hu melaNadoseNa hoI purisassa tammayadA / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 341. ayogyaM sukhazIlatayA yo niSevate kAraNamantareNarana sa sarvathA pArzvasthaH / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 1944 kI vijayodayA. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 423 kI bijayodayA.

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48 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 4. sUtrakRtAMga 1/9/16. 5. kalpasUtra 4 kalpamaMjarI TIkA pR. 36. 6. nizItha bhASya - gAthA 11/51-54. 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1944 kI vijayodayA. 8. vahI -1290 (mUla gAthA). . 9. vahI - 1291. 10. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1293. 11. vahI - 1294 (vijayodayA TIkA). 12. pAsattho ya kusIlo saMsattosaNNa migacaritto y| daMsaNaNANacaritta aNiuttA mNdsNvegaa|| mUlAcAra 7/96 . . 13. anagAra dharmAmRta pR. 520 paM kailAzacandra zAstrI likhita vizeSArtha. 14. bhAvapAhuDa 14. 15. daMsaNaNANacarite mahilAvaggammidehi viisttttho| . pAsattha vi hu NiyaTTo bhAvaviNaTTho Na so smnno|| liMgapAhuDa-20. 16. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1952-1957. 17. vahI 341. 18. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina : aha pAI aura unakI paramparA / 19. jaina pra. kA utthAna, mahAvIrAGka, pR 47. 20. AcArAMga 2/7/4. 21. bhagavatI gatra (vyAkhyA prajJapti) 1-9. 22. sthAnAMga - 9. 23. bhagavatI sUtra - 15. 24. Ksatriya Clans in Buddhist India, p. 82. 25. vesAlIepurIe siripAsajiNesasAsaNasaNAho hehaya kula saMbhUo ceiganAmA nivo aasi| - upadezamAlA zlo. 92 / prakAzaka - mAsTara umedacanda rAmacanda, ahamadAbAda, san 1933 26. aMguttara nikAya-catuSkanipAta, vappasutta, bhAga-2, pR. 210-213. 27. Harmsworth : History of the World, Vol. II, p. 1198.

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pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita katipaya tathya aura sampradAya bheda - DaoN. jayakumAra jaina* bhAratavarSa ke dhArmika jIvana meM jina mahanIya vibhUtiyoM kA cirasthAyI prabhAva hai, unameM jaina dharma ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha anyatama haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata kI sabhI Arya evaM Aryetara bhASAoM meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvanacarita para bahuta likhA gayA hai| pArzvanAthaM kA jIvanacarita bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samAna hI atyanta rocaka evaM ghaTanApradhAna hai| pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA aba asaMdigdha svIkAra kara lI gaI hai, ata: usakI carcA aba sAmayika pratIta nahIM ho rahI hai| digambara paramparA meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ke carita ke kucha sUtra sarvaprathama AcArya yativRSabha dvArA viracita prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha tiloyapaNNatti meM dRSTigocara hote haiN| yadyapi yaha karaNAnuyoga kA grantha hai| ata: isakA mukhya viSaya lokAloka vibhAga, yugaparivartana, caturgati Adi kA varNana karanA hai| kintu digambara jaina vAGmaya ke zrutAMga se sambandha rakhane ke kAraNa isameM 63 zalAqA puruSoM kA bhI saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| . tiloyapaNNatti meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma hayasena tathA mAtA kA nAma varmilA AyA hai| hayasena pracalita nAma azvasena kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| kyoMki haMya kA artha azva hai aura prAcIna saMskRta evaM prAkRta sAhitya meM isa taraha ke ullekhoM kI paramparA rahI hai| digambara paramparA ke guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa tathA puSpadantakRta mahApurANa meM pitA kA nAma vizvasena AyA hai, jo vicAraNIya hai, kyoMki anyatra sarvatra azvasena nAma kA hI ullekha milA hai| isI prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mAtA kA nAma * rIDara, saMskRta vibhAga, esa.DI. kAleja, mujaphpharanagara

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tiloyapaNNatti meM varmilA (vammilA ) 4 tathA zvetAmbara granthoM evaM uttarapurANa evaM puSpadanta kRta mahApurANa ko chor3akara zeSa digambara granthoM meM vAmA AyA hai| guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa' tathA puSpadantakRta mahApurANa' meM unakI mAtA kA nAma brAhmI ullikhita huA hai / yaha bhinnatA kaise AI? isakA koI spaSTa kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotA hai| pArzvanAtha kA janma vArANasI meM huA thA tathA unakA gotra kAzyapa thA yaha bAta sabhI ko ekamata se svIkArya hai, kintu pArzvanAtha kA vaMza kyA thA ? isa viSaya meM paramparAgata bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA unheM ikSvAku vaMza" kA mAnatI hai, jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ugravaMzIya the / 50 - tiloyapaNNatti meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma pauSa kRSNA ekAdazI ke dina vizAkhA nakSatra meM huA thaa| sabhI vigambara paramparA ke pArzvanAtha viSayaka sAhitya meM unakI yahI janma- - tithi ullikhitaM hai| kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke kalpasUtra anusAra pArzvanAtha kA janma pauSakRSNa dazamI kI madhya rAtri ko mAnA gayA hai| zIlAMkakRta 'caupanna 'mahApurisacariyaM' meM bhI yahI tithi svIkArate hue vizAkhA nakSatra meM candra kA yoga hone para unakA janma kahA gayA hai| hemacandrAcAryakRta triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita meM tathA padmasundarasUrikRta zrIpArzvanAtha carita meM bhI pauSakRSNa dazamI ko hI pArzvanAtha kA janma mAnA gayA hai / spaSTa hai ki yaha matavaibhinya kadAcit tithi ke kSayAkSaya yA rAtri ke madhyabhAga meM tithi kI alaga-alaga mAnyatA ke anusAra huA ho / pArzva nAma kA kAraNa batAte hue Avazyakaniryukti, kalpasUtra, hemacandrAcAryakRta triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita tathA padmasundarakRta zrIpArzvacarita meM kahA gayA hai ki unakI mAtA ne garbha kAla meM apane pAsa meM eka sarpa ko dekhA thA, ata: unakA nAma pArzva rakhA gayA / guNabhadrAcAryakRta uttarapurANa tathA puSpadantakRta mahApurANa ke anusAra indra ne bAlaka kA nAma pArzva rakhA thaa"| yahA~ pArzva nAma rakhe jAne kA koI kAraNa nirdiSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai /

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pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita katipaya tathya aura sampradAya bheda 1 pArzvanAtha ke vivAha ke prasaMga meM paramparAgata matavaibhinya haiM / tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra unhoMne kumArakAla meM hI tapa ko grahaNa kiyA thaa| arthAt unhoMne vivAha nahIM kiyA / tiloyapaNNatti evaM digambara paramparA ke kisI bhI grantha meM pArzvanAtha ke vivAha kA ullekha nahIM hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna ullekha bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke vivAha ke bAdhaka haiM / yadyapi samavAyAMgasUtra meM pArzvanAtha ke vivAha kA prasaMga upasthita hI nahIM huA hai kintu vahA~ kA yaha kathana ki unhoMne kumArAvasthA meM dIkSA dhAraNa kI thI, pArzvanAtha ke bAlayati hone kA hI sAdhaka haiM / Avazyaka niyukti me to spaSTa ullekha hai ki pArzvanAtha avivAhita rahe the / vahA~ kahA gayA hai 1 . 'vIraM ariTThanemiM pAsaM malliM ca vAsupujjaM ca / ee muttUNa jiNe avasesA Asi rAyANo / / rAyakulesu vijAyA visuddhavaMsesu khattiyakulesu / na ya itthiyAbhiseA kumAravAsammi pavvaiyA 3 / / 51 - uparyukta uddhAraNa kI caturtha paMkti meM to ekadama spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne strI aura abhiSeka ke binA kumArAvasthA meM pravajyA grahaNa kIM / z2aba zvetAmbara paramparA meM bAda meM calakara pArzvanAtha ko sAmpradAyika bhedabuddhi ke kAraNa vivAhita mAnA jAne lagA to malayagiri aura haribhadra sUri ne ukta gAthAoM kA artha karate samaya 'na ya itthiyAbhiseyA' ke sthAna para 'na. yaM icchiyAbhiseyA' pATha parivartita kara diyA tathA yaha artha kiyA ki unhoMne abhiSeka kI icchA nahIM kii| unhoMne vivAha ke niSedha vAle prasaMga ko anyarUpa karake vivAha kA prasaMga hI nahIM rahane diyA / aura bhI Azcarya to taba hotA hai jaba hama dekhate haiM ki AvazyakacUrNikAra ne ina gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA karanA hI chor3a diyA hai / isa duvidhA kA prabhAva suprasiddha zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra para bhI rhaa| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM bhagavAn vAsupUjya kA caritra likhate samaya unhoMne malli, neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha ko bhI avivAhita batalAyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai

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52 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 'malli:nemi: pArzva iti bhAvino'pi trayo jinaaH| akRtodvAhasAmrAjyA: pravrajiSyAnti muktaye / / zrIvIrazcaramAnnISadbhogyeNa krmnnaa| kRtodvAho'kRtarAjya:pravrajiSyati setsyati / / " ina paMktiyoM se spaSTa hai ki hemacandrAcArya ne pArzvanAtha ko akRtodvAha (avivAhita) tathA mahAvIra ko kRtodvAha (vivAhita) maanaa| kintu jaba ve hI pArzvanAtha kA caritra likhane lage to unheM sampradAya vyAmoha jAga uThA tathA unhoMne pArzvanAtha ko vivAhita mAnane kA svavadatovyAghAta prayAsa kiyA5 / zIlAMka ne jarUra caupannamahApurisacariyaM meM spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki prasenajit rAjA ne apanI prabhAvatI nAmaka putrI pArzva ko dI thii| pazcAdvartI zvetAmbara granthakAra isI paramparA ko apanAte rhe| . . tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ne 30 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra yaha tithi mAgha zuklA ekAdazI kA pUrvAhna thii| usa samaya bhI vizAkhA nakSatra kA yoga thA16 / guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa aura puSpadantakRta mahApurANa meM bhI yahI dIkSAtithi mAnI gaI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke suprasiddha AcArya hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM tathA padmasundara ne zrI pArzvanAtha carita meM pArzvanAtha kI dIkSAtithi pauSakRSNa ekAdazI ullikhita kI hai| sampUrNa zvetAmbara paramparA pArzvanAtha ke kevalajJAna kI tithi caitra kRSNa caturthI mAnatI hai| digambara paramparA ke tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki dIkSA grahaNa karane ke cAra mAha pazcAt caitra kRSNA caturthI ko pUrvANa meM vizAkhA nakSatra ke yoga meM pArzva ko kevalajJAna huA / kintu guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa aura puSpadantakRta mahApurANa meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ke kevalajJAna prApti kI tithi caitrakRSNa trayodasI kahI gaI hai| eka hI paramparA meM bhI yaha antara kaise AyA? yaha eka vicAraNIya bindu hai| pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI kula Aya 100 varSa thI20. jisameM 30 varSa unakA kumAra kAla rahA thA tathA 70 varSa dIkSita kAla. rhaa| unake prathama

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pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita katipaya tathya aura sampradAya bheda ziSya kA nAma zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aryadatta AyA hai tathA digambara paramparA meM svyNbhuu| isI taraha prathama ziSyA kA nAma zvetAmbara paramparA meM puSpacUlA AyA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM sulocnaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kI nirvANa tithi zrAvaNa zuklA saptamI hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA unakI nirvANa tithi zrAvaNa zuklA aSTamI mAnatI hai| ina sampradAyagata matabhedoM ke mUla taka pahu~cane kA prayAsa apekSita * jaina mAnyatAnusAra pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa bIta jAne para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| uttarapurANa meM guNabhadrAcArya ne likhA hai - ...., 'pArvezatIrthasantAne paJcAzat dvishtaabdke| .. tadabhyantavAyumahAvIro'tra jAtavAn' / / 1 vIra nirvANa samvat aura IsvI san meM 527 varSa kA antara hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI Ayu kucha kama bahattara varSa kI thii| vahIM kahA gayA - dvAsaptatisamA: kiJcidnAstasyAyuSa:sthiti': / 22 / / - ataeva 527 + 72 = 599 varSa IsvIpUrva meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| bha. mahAvIra ke janma ke 250 varSa pUrva arthAt 599 + . 25.0 = 849 varSa IsvI pUrva meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa aura usase 100 varSa pUrva arthAt 949 IsvI pUrva meM unakA janma huA thaa| isa prakAra digambarAcArya guNabhadra ke anusAra pArzvaprabhu kA janma IsvIpUrva dasavIM zatAbdI kA madhya tathA nirvANa IsvIpUrva nauvIM zatAbdI kA madhya ThaharatA hai| Avazyakaniyukti kI malayagirivRtti ke anusAra bhI lagabhaga yahI kAla nikalatA hai| . pArzvanAtha kA tIrthakAla 250 varSa mAnA hai| yaha digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ko svIkArya hai| tiloyapaNNatti meM ullekha hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha bAisaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke 84650 varSa bAda aura

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke 278 varSa pahale utpanna huye the| isa AdhAra para bhI uparyukta kAla samIcIna siddha hotA hai| kyoMki yaha 28 varSa kA antara mahAvIra kI 72 varSa kI Ayu se pArzvanAtha kI Ayu 100 varSa kI hone ke kAraNa hai| esa.sI. rAyacaudharI ne likhA hai ki jaina tIrthaMkara pArzva kA janmakAla . 877 IsvIpUrva aura nirvANa kAla 777 IsvIpUrva hai| yaha kAla mahAvIra ke nirvANa se pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa meM 250 varSa kA antara mAnane para nikalatA hai| paNDita jugala kizora mukhtAra jI bhI mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 250 varSa pUrva pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa mAnate haiN| yaha tathya suspaSTa nahIM hai ki yaha antara pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa aura mahAvIra ke janma ke madhya kA hai yA phira pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke madhya kA hai| . ata: ukta donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha prAya: vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| muni nagarAja jI ne bhI donoM ke nirvANa ke bIca 250 varSa kA antara mAnakara pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa 777 I.pU. (5.27 I.pU. +250 I.pU. =777 I.pU.) mAnA hai| unhoMne apane grantha Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana meM isakI vistAra se carcA kI hai| sandarbha - 3 1. tiloyapaNNatti cauttho mahAdhiyAro, gAthA 548. 2. uttarapurANa, 73. mahApurANa. 4. tiloyapaNNatti, gAthA 548. 5. uttarapurANa, 73. 6. mahApusaNa. 7. draSTavya-kalpasUtra, zIlAMkakRta caupannamahApurisacariya, hemakRta triSa. Adi / 8. draSTavya guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa evaM puSpadantakRta mahApurANa. 9. tiloyapaNNatti, gAthA 548. 9

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pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita katipaya tathya aura sampradAya bheda 10. draSTavya - kalpasUtra, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, zrIpArzvanAthacarita aadi| 11. * uttarapurANa, 73. 12. tiloyapaNNatti, gAthA 584. 13. Avazyaka niyukti (Agamodaya samiti, bambaI), 221-222 pR. 136. 14. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 103-104. 15. draSTavya - vahI, parva 9 sarga 3. 16. tiloyapaNNatti, gAthA 666. 17. zrIpArzvanAthacarita, paJcamasarga, zloka 92. 18. tiloyapaNNatti, gAthA 700.. 19. uttarapurANa 73 evaM mahApurANa. 20. tiloyapaNNatti, gAthA 582. 21. uttarapurANa, 74/279. 22. vahI, 24/280 kA uttarArddha. 23. tiloyapaNNatti, gAthA 576-577. 24. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaM prakAza, pR. 31. 25. draSTavya - 'Agama aura tripiTaka: eka anuzIlana'.

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA tathA apabhraMza - sAhitya viSayaka ullekha - DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki atharvaveda meM varNita ariSTanemi kiMvA pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa the| atharvaveda meM RSabha, ajita aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma kA ullekha hai| DaoN.phuharara ne neminAtha ko eka aitihAsika puruSa mAnA haiN| DaoN. rAmajasa ne bhI unako kaI pramANoM ke AdhAra para aitihAsika svIkAra kiyA hai| pro. e. vebara kA spaSTa mata hai ki alekjeNDara mahAna ke samaya jina 'jimanosophisTa' santoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve digambara jaina sAdhu haiN| DaoN. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra ne jisa sIla tathA abhilekha kA vAcana kara prakAzita karAyA thA, use pramANita mAnA jAe to yaha svata: siddha ho jAtA hai ki sindhu-sabhyatA ke kAla meM Arya jAti ke loga digambara jaina nagna pratimAoM kA nirmANa karAke unakI pUjA karate the / harmana jekovI ke jaina aura bauddha sAhitya ke sUkSma adhyayana se yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki bha. mahAvIra ke pUrva nirgrantha sampradAya kA astitva thaa| bauddha grantha 'aMguttara nikAya' ke catukkanipAta meM aura usakI aTThakathA meM yaha ullekha hai ki gautama buddha kA cAcA 'bappa zAkya' nirgrantha zrAvaka thaa| cAujjAma dhamma' yA cAturyAma dharma kA ullekha bhI bauddha sAhitya meM milatA hai| bauddha dharma meM uposatha' (mahavagga 2,1,1) zIla, vratAdi pArzvanAtha-paramparA ke rahe haiN| isa vartamAna yuga meM itihAsa ke kSetra meM zodha va gaveSaNAtmaka kAryoM meM saMlagna yoropiyana tathA saMskRta vidvAnoM tathA itihAsakAroM meM jainadharma kI utpatti va prAcInatA ke sambandha meM bhrama rahA hai| kolabuka, prinsepa, sTIvensana, I. thaoNmasa aura anya itihAsakAra isa vicAra ke the ki jainadharma * nImaca

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA tathA apabhraMza - sAhitya viSayaka ullekha 57 bauddha dharma se prAcIna hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke pramukha gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama * anya koI nahIM gautama buddha vyakti hI the| kintu eca. eca. vilsana, lAssana, vebara isa vicAra ke the ki vibhinna sampradAya hone para bhI jainadharma eka thA, parantu bauddha dharma kaI zAkhAoM meM vibhakta thaa| yathArtha meM zramaNa saMskRti ke unnAyaka pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa the - yaha aneka srotoM tathA pramANoM se siddha hai| / yadyapi zramaNa saMskRti IsA ke lagabhaga pA~ca hajAra varSa pUrva astitva meM hI nahIM thI, varan phala-phUla rahI thI, lekina prAcInatama svatantra abhilekha yA grantha upalabdha na hone se isakI sattA likhita rUpa meM bhale hI pramANita na ho. kintu jIvanta paramparA tathA apanI maulikatA ke kAraNa Aja bhI yaha saralatA se tIrthaMkara neminAtha ko bhI aitihAsika mahApuruSa siddha kara sakatI hai| kucha itihAsajJoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki pArzvanAtha se lagabhaga 1100 yA 1200 varSa pUrva neminAtha hue the| yathArtha meM Rgveda meM varNita vAtarazanA muniyoM, bAlakhilyoM aura ziznadevoM kI paramparA "samaNe metti ya paDhama" ke rUpa meM sAmya bhAva ko pramukhatA dene vAlI zramaNa saMskRti khlaaii| yaha vaidika cintana se nitAnta bhinna eka svatantra vicAra-paramparA hai jo baMgAla-bihAra ke pradezoM meM visthApita 'sarAka' jAti meM Aja bhI jItI-jAgatI upalabdha hotI hai| isakI mUla vizeSatA yaha hai ki Izvara ko kartA-dhartA nahIM maantii| zramaNa saMskRti ke mUla tatva haiM (1) svAvalambI jIvana, (2) vItarAgatA ke ArAdhaka, zarIra se bhI rAga rahita, (3) nirgrantha nagna rahakara, (4) prAsuka AhAra eka bAra grahaNa kara, (5) sabhI jIvoM ke lie hitakArI , (6) atIndriya sukha upalabdhi kI pUrNatA kA mArga prazasta karane vaalii| AryoM kI vaidika saMskRti meM jahA~ manuSya jIvana kA sAdhya abhyudaya va aizvarya-prApti rahA hai, vahIM zramaNa-saMskRti me pUrNa vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi tathA Atmadeva hI parama Adarza hai| ___ Aja sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM lagabhaga ATha sau se adhika jaina guphAaiM upalabdha hotI haiN| unameM se 250 guphAeM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya tathA purAtAttvika mahattva kI haiN| khaNDagiri - udayagiri, usmAnAbAda tathA

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58 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha terApura kI layana guphAoM meM sthita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI pratimAeM nizcita hI atyanta prAcIna haiN| aura unase pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA sunizcita ho jAtI hai| itanA hI nahIM, I.pU. 770 ke lagabhaga upaniSadoM ke kAla meM likhe gae haMsopaniSada' ke adhyayana se yaha bilkula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aupaniSadika vicAradhArA meM zramaNa-saMskRti kA pUrNa prabhAva lakSita ho rahA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara jaina muni kI caryA kA jaisA sundara va yathArtha varNana usa upaniSad meM pAyA jAtA hai, vaisA sampUrNa vaidika sAhitya meM anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotaa| ata: Aja prAcya vidyA jagata meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki ariSTanemi aura unake pUrva ke tIrthaMkaroM ke sUtra khojakara bikhare hue pArzvanAtha ke jIvana sUtroM ke sAtha pramANita kara vAstavika aitihAsikatA siddha kI jaae| apabhraMza-sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha viSayaka aneka racanAe~ upalabdha hotI .. haiN| unameM sarvaprAcIna padmakIrti viracita "pArzvapurANa" hai jisakI racanA vi. saM. 999 meM huI thii| prAkRta sahitya meM bhI svatantra racanA pArzvanAtha viSayaka isase prAcIna upalabdha nahIM hotii| zrI abhayadeva sUri ke praziSya devabhadrasUri ne vi. sa. 1168 meM "pAsaNahacariya" kI racanA kI thI jo gadya-padya mizrita hai| apabhraMza meM purANa tathA caritakAvya kI zailI meM likhI huI abhI taka sAta racanAe~ upalabdha ho sakI haiM jo kAlakramAnusAra isa prakAra haiM - 1. pArzvapurANa padmakIrti - 18 saMdhiyoM meM nibaddha mahattvapUrNa kAvya, racanA-kAla vi.saM. 999 / 2. pArzvapurANa-sAgaradatta sUri - ra.kA.saM. 1076 / 3. pArzvapurANa-vibuha zrIdhara - 12 sandhiyoM meM nibaddha, ra.kA.vi.saM. 1109 / 4. pArzvanAthacaritra-kavi devacaMda, 13 sandhiyoM meM nibaddha, ra.kA. lagabhaga 11-12vIM shtaabdii|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA tathA apabhraMza - sAhitya viSayaka ullekha 59 5. pArzvanAthacaritra - buha asavAla, 13 sandhiyoM meM nibaddha, ra.kA.vi.saM. . 1479 6. pArzvanAthacarita - kavi tejapAla, ra.kA.saM.1515 / . 7. pArzvapurANa - paM. raidhU - 7 sandhiyoM meM nibaddha, 15vIM shtaabdii| . inake atirikta mahAkavi puSpadanta ke "mahApurANa" kI 93-94 ina do sandhiyoM meM nibaddha kamaTha aura pArzvanAtha kA vRtta upalabdha hotA hai jo paurANika zailI meM likhA huA hai| . "bhAratIya jJAnapITha" se zIghra hI mahApurANa bhA. 5 prakAzita hone vAlA hai jisameM saMkSipta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| saMdarbha 1. atharva veda 9,4,7. 2. ipIgraphikA oNva iNDiyA 1, pR. 389. .3. iNDiyana enTikverI, 30,280. . 4. . mArzala : mohana-jodaro, jilda 1, pR. 33. 5. . I. je: repasana : da kembrija hisTrI oNva iNDiyA, jilda 1, 1922, pR. 152. 6. vahI, pR0 152. . 7. kalcarala heriTeja oNva iNDiyA, jilda 1, pR. 24.

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kahA~ huA kamaTha kA upasarga - zrI nirmala jaina narendra phaNIndraM surendraM adhIzaM, zatendraM su pUrje bhajai nAya zIsaM / munIndraM gaNendraM namoM jor3i hAthaM, namoM deva-devaM sadA pArzvanAtha / / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha vartamAna caubIsI ke sabase adhika pUje jAne vAle tIrthakara haiN| yadyapi guNoM kI apekSA sabhI tIrthaMkara samAna hote haiM isalie sabhI kI pUjA arcanA samAna rUpa se honI caahie| hama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM jI rahe haiM ata: unakI sarvAdhika mAnyatA bhI uktisaMgata ho sakatI hai| parantu tapasyA kAla meM hue upasarga aura usake nivAraNa kI devopunIta ghaTanA ke kAraNa bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko vighnaharaNa/saMkaTamocana tIrthakara ke rUpa meM mAnA jAne lgaa| phaNAvalI sahita mUrti ke kAraNa bhI saMbhavata: unakI mUrtiyAM sarvAdhika pAI jAtI haiN| vartamAna meM pArzvanAtha mUrti kI phaNAvalI bhI vivAda kA viSaya bana rahI hai| parantu AcArya samaMtabhadra svAmI ne bhI apane vRhatsvayaMbhU stotra meM - .. bRhatphaNAmaNDalamaNDapen yaM sphurattaDipiMga ruucopsrginnm| jugUha nAmo dharaNo dharAdharaM virAgasaMdhyAtaDidambudoM ythaa|| likhakara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA stavana kiyA hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA caritra kevala jaina purANoM meM varNita hokara nahIM rhaa| anya dharmAvalambI vidvAnoM evaM videzI zodhakartA vidvAnoM ne bhI unheM itihAsa puruSa kI mAnyatA dI hai| yaha eka sukhada saMyoga hai ki hama usa mathurA nagarI meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA smaraNa kara rahe haiM jisake purAvazeSoM ne jaina dharma kI prAcInatA evaM aitihAsikatA siddha karane ke lie aneka pramANa die haiN| * satanA

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kahA~ huA kamaTha kA upasarga . jaba bhagavAn pArzvanAtha itihAsa ke rUpa meM mAnya haiM to unake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM se saMbaMdhita sthAnoM kA sarvekSaNa bhI itihAsa aura purAtatva ke AdhAra para kiyA jAnA caahie| pUrva sthApita sthAnoM kI mahattA ko nakAre binA bhI yaha kArya honA saMbhava hai yadi hamArA uddezya navIna tathyoM kI khoja ho, kisI sthAna kI avahelanA nhiiN| * bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kI sabase mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai tapasyA kAla meM unake Upara kamaTha ke jIva saMvara deva dvArA ghora upasarga aura nAga-nAgina ke jIva dharaNendra padmAvatI dvArA usa upasarga kA nivAraNa / yaha mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA vartamAna ke ahikSetra meM ghaTI thI aisA mAnA jAtA hai| kintu mujhe pArzvanAtha ke jIvana caritra ko citrita karane vAle graMthoM yathA uttarapurANa, pArzvanAtha caritra, pArvAbhyudaya, pArzvapurANa Adi meM kahIM bhI upasarga ahikSetra meM huA aisA par3hane ko nahIM milaa| sabhI jagaha dIkSA sthala azvavana likhA hai aura upasarga ke lie likhA hai ki cAra mAha vicaraNa karane ke bAda pArzvanAtha ne usI dIkSAvana meM sAta dina kA yoga dhAraNa kiyaa| yaha azvaMvana kahA~ thA isakA koI ullekha kahIM nahIM hai| uparokta graMthoM ke TIkAkAroM ne bhI apanI TIkAoM yA prastAvanA Adi meM isakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| jabaki pArzvanAtha ke janma sthAna Adi kA varNana nagara ke nAma sahita sabhI ne kiyA hai| * DA. premasAgara jI ne "tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhaktigaMgA" nAmaka saMkalana kA saMpAdana kiyA hai, usa saMkalana meM unhoMne "tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha" nAma se jo bhUmikA likhI hai, usameM likhA hai ki "pArzvanAtha tIsa varSa taka kumAra rahe, phira unhoMne pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ke dina prAta:kAla tIna sau rAjAoM ke sAtha vItarAgI dIkSA le lii| cAra mAha taka chadmastha avasthA meM vihAra karate rahe, taduparAnta rAmanagara ke pAsa ahikSetra meM devadAru vRkSa ke nIce dhyAnastha hokara baiThe the| vahIM una para upasarga huA" parantu lekhaka ne yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA ki sthAna kA yaha kathana kisa zAstra ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai|

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62 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ahikSetra bhavya aura suvyavasthita kSetra hai, zAnta sthAna hone se vahAM pUjA vandanA meM Ananda bhI AtA hai| parantu vahAM kSetra para bhI koI aise pramANa nahIM haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha sunizcita mAnA jA sake ki yahI sthAna pArzvanAtha para upasarga kA sthAna hai| rAjasthAna ke bhIlavAr3A jile meM sthita zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra bijauliyA ke darzana kA avasara jaba mujhe milA to vahAM ke prAcIna maMdira, mUrtiyAM, mAnastambha, zilAlekha aura zilAkhaNDoM ko dekhakara sahaja hI lagA ki yaha sthAna pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita honA caahie| isa saMbaMdha meM jaba aura jAnakArI prApta kI to merI dhAraNA ko sapramANa saMbala milaa| bijauliyA rAjasthAna ke prasiddha zahara koTA aura bhIlavAr3A ke bIca meM basA eka nagara hai| donoM zaharoM se usakI dUrI 85 kilomITara hai| nagara se bAhara eka kilomITara para bijauliyA atizaya kSetra hai| vartamAna meM bijauliyA nAma se prasiddha isa nagara ke kucha prAcIna nAmoM jaise vindhyAvallI, vijayavallI, vijahalyA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| kSetra para aneka zilAlekha haiM jo isa sthAna kI gaurava gAthA apane bhItara saMjoye hue haiN| yahAM eka chaha mITara lambI aura DhAI. mITara caur3I zilA para pUrA purANa hI utkIrNa hai| "unnata zikhara purANa" nAma ke isa zilAlekha meM 294 zloka haiM jo 5 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta haiN| zilAlekha kI lambAI sADhe cAra mITara aura caur3AI paune do mITara hai| mere dekhane meM Ane vAlA yaha sabase bar3A zilAlekha hai| isakA utkIrNana phAlguna badI 10 vi. saM. 1266 ko pUrNa huA thA aisA usa para ullekha hai| isa zilAlekha ke nirmANa kartA vahI lokArka nAmaka zreSThi haiM jinhoMne isa kSetra kA jIrNodvAra karAke maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA hai| yahAM ke pramukha prAcIna maMdira ke praveza dvAra para do lAina kA eka zilAlekha lambI paTTI para utkIrNa hai| maMdira ke garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra para bhI eka zilAlekha jisa para saMvata 1226 vaisAkha badI 11 aMkita hai| garbhagraha se lagabhaga 3 mITara dUra pharza ke eka purAne zilAkhaNDa

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kahA~ huA kamaTha kA upasarga para "sopAna tanA" likhA hai jisase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yahAM se garbhagraha ke nIce talaghara ke lie sIr3hiyAM (sopAna) rahI hoNgii| maMdira ke najadIka eka koThe meM do stambha haiM, donoM para zilAlekha utkIrNa haiN| uttara kI ora kA zilAlekha bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke ziSya hemakIrtijI ke dvArA phAlguna sudI 2 budhavAra saM. 1456 ko utkIrNa karAyA gayA hai| isa stambha ke pArzva meM eka nakzA bhI utkIrNa hai jo usa samaya kI kSetra kI sthiti kA digdarzaka hai| dakSiNa kI ora ke stambha kA zilAlekha phAlguna zuklA 3 gurUvAra saM. 1456 ko utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| donoM stambha eka AryikA kI samAdhi para banAe gae haiM aura unapara tIrthaMkara bhagavaMtoM, muniyoM evaM AryikAoM kI mUrtiyAM bhI aMkita haiN| . . yahAM ke revatI kuNDa ke najadIka koTa meM bhI eka bar3A zilAlekha cAra mITara lambA hai jisameM 42 paMktiyAM haiM, yaha zilAlekha saMvata 1226 meM lolArka zreSThi ke dvArA utkIrNa karAyA gayA hai| isameM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratiSThA tathA zreSThi ke dAnAdika kA varNana hai| isa para usa samaya ke yahAM ke rAjA Adi ke nAma bhI aMkita haiM jo itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiN| "zikhara purANa" vAle vizAla zilAlekha ke najadIka eka caTTAna para eka choTA zilAlekha aura hai jo atyaMta jIrNa hai, sabase purAnA lagatA hai aura par3hA bhI nahIM jA sakA hai| * * ukta prAcIna zilAlekha ke atirikta sabhI zilAlekha spaSTa haiN| par3he bhI jA cuke haiM aura prakAzita haiM, kucha kA hindI anuvAda bhI prakAzita hai| bar3e zilAlekha . sarakArI purAtatva vibhAga ke niyaMtraNa meM hote hue bhI asurakSita haiN| mujhe yaha dekhakara Azcarya huA ki hamArA praveza to zilAlekha ke najadIka pratibaMdhita hai, usa para phaiMsiMga lagI hai, parantu bakariyAM usa para nirdvanda vicaratI rahatI haiM, vizrAma karatI haiM aura mala-mUtra kSepaNa bhI karatI ___ samaya-samaya para AcArya bhagavaMtoM, munirAjoM evaM vidvAnoM ne ina zilAlekhoM ko dekhA-par3hA hai| pUjya AcArya kanakanandI jI mahArAja ne ve

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64 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha * jaba upAdhyAya the bijauliyA kSetra para eka kitAba bhI likhI thI jo san 1994 meM prakAzita huI hai| yadyapi 148 pRSTha kI isa kitAba ke 100 pRSThoM meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA caritra, samavazaraNa kA varNana aura vibhinna graMthoM se saMkalita jinazAsana devoM-deviyoM kA varNana hai parantu zeSa pRSThoM meM kSetra ke sambandha meM, vahAM kI prAcIna mUrtiyoM-zilAlekhoM ke sambandha meM upayogI jAnakArI AcArya mahArAja ne saMgrahIta kI hai| zraddheya paMDita khuzAlacaMda gorAvAlA dvArA kiyA gayA eka mahatvapUrNa zilAlekha kA hindI anuvAda bhI isa kitAba meM prakAzita hai| zraddheya paMDita jaganmohanalAla. jI zAstrI ne bhI bijauliyAM kSetra ke darzana kiye the aura "merI yAtrA" zIrSaka se eka lekha "jaina-saMdeza" ke 2 disaMbara 1991 ke aMka meM prakAzita karAyA thA jisameM spaSTa likhA hai ki "bijauliyA vaha sthAna hai jahAM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha para bijaliyAM barasAI gaI, bar3e-bar3e pASANa barasAye gaye, kahate haiM ve pASANa Aja bhI vizAla zilAkhaNDoM ke rUpa meM maMdira ke cAroM ora par3e haiN| 200 varSa pUrva ke zilAlekha meM ise bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA upasarga sthAna batAyA jAnA isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki yaha prasiddhi kevala kAlpanika nahIM hai kintu 200 varSa pUrva bhI prasiddhi isa rUpa meM thii| paMDita jI ne to isa sthAna kI eka aura mahattA apane lekha meM pratipAdita kI hai, unhoMne likhA hai ki prAcIna zilAlekha meM aMkana samaya phAlguna sudI 3 vi. saM. 1083 par3hane meM AyA hai aura zilAlekha meM bhaTTAraka mahArAja kI jo guruvAvalI aMkita hai vaha "zrAvakAcAra sAroddhAra" graMtha ke racayitA bhaTTAraka padmanaMdijI kI prazasti se milatI hai, ata: bijauliyA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke upasarga tathA jJAna kalyANaka kA sAdhana to hai hI sAtha hI padmanandi Adi bhaTTArakoM kA samAdhi sthala hone se prAmANika aitihAsika sthAna bhI haiN| zilAlekhoM ke anusAra yahAM ke prAcIna maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra ujjaina ke dharmaniSTha zreSThI lolArka ne karAyA thaa| ve jaba apanI yAtrA ke madhya bijauliyA meM so rahe the, taba kisI ne unheM svapna meM kahA thA ki yahAM

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kahA~ huA kamaTha kA upasarga pArzvanAtha bhagavAn pragaTa hoNge| lolArka ne svapna kI bAta para dhyAna nahIM diyA taba unakI patnI lalitA se svapna meM eka divya puruSa ne kahA ki maiM yahIM para rahatA hUM aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke darzana karatA hUM, lalitA ne kahA ki mere pati mUrti nikalavAyeMge aura maMdira bnvaayeNge| bAda meM puna: lolArka se svapna meM kahA ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha tIra para A gae haiM, tuma unheM nikAlo, maMdira banavAo, dharma kA arjana karo, tumheM lakSmI, yaza, putrAdi kI vRddhi hogii| - ukta. saMbodhana se prabhAvita hokara lolArka ne jaba nirdezita sthAna kI khudAI kI to vahAM bhAmaNDala sahita atyaMta bhavya pArzvanAtha kI mUrti dikhAI dI, usane Adara pUrvaka mUrti ko nikAla kara vahIM jina maMdira banavAkara mUrti pratiSThita kii| vaha mUrti jahAM pratiSThita kI gaI use ghera kara cAra aura maMdira bhI usane banavAye, isI kAraNa use paMcAyatana maMdira kahA jAtA hai| maMdira kA zikhara kalAtmaka hai usameM kaI prakAra ke aMkana haiN| pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI mukhya mUrti ke sAtha 24 tIrthaMkara mUrti bhI haiM, Upara caukhaTa ke madhya meM . pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti hai tathA Upara toraNa dvAra meM bhI pArzvanAtha kI tIna mUrtiyAM haiN| stambhoM para kamaMDalu sahita manirAjoM kI evaM AryikA mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| kSetra para zAsana devI-devatAoM, kSetrapAla evaM zrAvaka kI mUrti bhI hai| . zilAlekha ke anusAra yahAM ke revatI kuNDa se dharaNendra-padmAvatI, kSetrapAla, ambikA Adi kI mUrtiyAM nikalI thIM jo yahAM sthApita haiN| kSetrapAla kI .mUrti sundara mAnavakRti meM hai| zilAlekha meM aMkita hai ki brahmacArI lakSmaNa ko bhI svapna meM kSetrapAla ne kahA thA ki maiM bhI vahIM AUMgA jahAM mere pArzva prabhu rheNge| - jina lakSmaNa ke nAma kA ullekha zilAlekha meM hai ve bahuzrutajJa paMDita .AzAdharajI ke pitAzrI hone cAhie aisA "paM. AzAdhara vyaktitva aura kRtitva" meM paM. nemacanda DoNagAMvakara ne likhA hai| ve likhate haiM ki "z2aba paM. AzAdharajI apane pitA kA nAma lakSmaNa aura janma sthAna maMDalagar3ha durga

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66 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha batAte haiM to jinakA tIna pIr3hiyoM se maMDalagar3ha durga se saMbaMdha hai, ve sIyaka pautra lakSmaNa kA aura paM. AzAdharajI ke pitA lakSmaNa kA ekatva mAnane meM bAdhA nahIM aatii| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki paM. AzAdharajI kA janma maMDalagar3ha durga meM huA thA jo bijauliyA se mAtra 37 kilomITara dUra hai aura bijauliyA ke zilAlekhoM meM maMDalagar3ha kA evaM vahAM kI zAsaka paramparA kA jikra kaI jagaha AyA hai| AzAdharajI kA janma saM. 1230 mAnA gayA hai aura lolArka zreSThI ne pArzvanAtha mUrti kI pratiSThA saM. 1226 meM karAI thii| . ___ bijauliyA ke maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra aura pratiSThA karAne vAle zreSThi lolArka ne una dinoM aneka jagaha mUrti sthApita karAI thI isake pramANa bhI yatra-tatra milate haiN| maMDalagar3ha durga meM jo nemijina caityAlaya saM. 1141 meM pratiSThita hai usa caityAlaya meM eka mUrti para prazasti meM likhA hai ki lolArka kA saMbaMdha maMDalagar3ha ke rAjagharAne se thA aura vahAM unakA AnA-jAnA bhI thaa| bijauliyA ke zilAlekha meM yaha bhI aMkita hai ki ujjaina ke paramAroM kI eka zAkhA kA rAjya hI maMDalagar3ha durga meM calatA thA aura lolArka to ujjaina ke nivAsI the hii| lolArka kI vaMza paramparA meM mUrti pratiSThA ko adhika mahatva diyA jAtA thaa| AhArajI kSetra meM lolArka ke cAcA dudda dvArA saM. 1210 meM pratiSThita mUrti virAjamAna hai| svayaM lolArka dvArA mAgha sudI 5 saM. 1215 ko atizaya kSetra khujarAho meM mUrti pratiSThita karAI gaI thii| lAlArka ke patra jaso kA nAma bijauliyA ke pArzvanAtha maMdira ke dvAra para utkIrNa hai tathA acalapura (mahArASTra) meM saM. 1262 meM pratiSThita mUrti para bhI usakA nAma hai| atIta meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko pichale aneka bhavoM meM kamaTha ke jIva ke upasargoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A thA to vartamAna meM bhI pArzvanAtha se saMbaMdhita aneka tIrthoM para vivAda cala rahe haiN| zrI sammedazikhara, aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha, maksIjI, aNindA pArzvanAtha, aMdezvara pArzvanAtha Adi .aneka kSetra isake pramANa haiN| kahIM digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAya ke bIca vivAda haiM, kahIM anya matAvalambiyoM se vivAda hai. kahIM digambara sampradAya meM hI

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kahA~ huA kamaTha kA upasarga terApaMtha-bIsapaMtha kA vivAda hai| aura aba to AcArya paramparA ko lekara tathA samAja pratinidhitva ko lekara bhI rAjasthAna ke pArzva tIrthoM para vivAda cala rahe haiN| aise meM bhalA bijauliyA atizaya kSetra bhI kaise bctaa| yahAM jainatva aura digambaratva ke itane sAkSya hone para bhI anya sampradAyoM ne apanA prabhutva jatAyA thaa| kaI varSoM taka nyAyAlayoM meM mukadamA calA aura kSetra kA vikAsa avaruddha rhaa| abhI kucha varSa pUrva nirNaya digambara jaina samAja ke pakSa meM huA hai| tabhI se bijauliyA kI utsAhI samAja kSetra ke vikAsa meM lagI hai| parakoTA bana gayA hai, suvidhAyukta dharmazAlAyeM bana gaI haiN| eka vizAla bhavya caubIsI maMdira, sundara samavazaraNa maMdira evaM bar3e pravacana hAla kA nirmANa lagabhaga pUrNatA para hai| nikaTa bhaviSya meM hI isakI pratiSThA ho jAne para kSetra kA vikasita rUpa to sAmane A jAyegA parantu kSetra ke purAne vAstavika vaibhava ko ujAgara karane ke lie to Avazyaka hai ki upalabdha sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para bijauliyA kSetra ko bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA dIkSA evaM jJAna kalyANaka evaM upasarga kSetra ghoSita kiyA jaae|

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kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha _ - DA. surezacandra jaina* kAzI vizva kI prAcInatama nagarI ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| sudUra atIta meM isa nagarI kA mahatva vyApArika dRSTikoNa se hI nahIM thA, varan bhAratIya saMskRtiyoM ke mukhya saMvAhaka ke rUpa meM bhI isa nagarI ko gaurava prApta haA thA aura hai| vaidika purANa ekamata se sAkSyI haiM ki kAzItIrtha ziva kA pradhAna kSetra hai aura Aja se nahIM, atiprAcIna kAla se yaha isI rUpa meM jAnI jAtI hai| prasiddha itihAsakAra DaoN. motIcandra ne saMketa diyA hai ki kAzI ke Aryadharma aura kurU-pAMcAla deza ke Arya dharma meM antara thaa| isa kathana se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki nizcita hI kAzI kI saMskRti Arya saMskRti se bhinna rahI hai| Aja bhI "tIna loka se nyArI kAzI" kI lokokti isa tathya ko udghATita karatI hai| ____ bhAratendu-harizcandra ne bhAratendu samagra meM ullekha kiyA hai ".... pada pada para purAne bauddha yA jaina bhUmikhaNDa, purAne jaina mandiroM ke zikhara, khambe aura caukhaTeM TUTI-phUTI par3I haiN| .. kAzI to tumhArA tIrtha na hai| aura tumhAre veda mata to parama prAcIna haiN| to aba kyoM nahIM koI cinha dikhAte jisase nizcita ho ki kAzI ke mukhya vizvezvara aura bindumAdhava yahA~ para the aura yahA~ unakA cinha zeSa hai aura itanA bar3A kAzI kA kSetra hai aura yaha usakI sImA aura yaha mArga aura yaha paMcakroza ke devatA haiN| hamAre gurU rAjA zivaprasAda to likhate haiM ki "kevala kAzI aura kannoja meM veda dharma baca gayA thA" para maiM yaha kaise kahU~, varaMca yaha kaha sakatA hU~ ki kAzI meM saba nagaroM se vizeSa jaina mata thA aura yahIM ke loga dRr3ha jainI the| .. pAlathI mAre hue jo kardama jI zrI kI mUrti hai vaha to ni:saMdeha ... kucha aura * pUrva nidezaka, zrI gaNeza varNI di. jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI

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69 kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha hI hai aura isake nizcaya ke hetu usa mandira ke AsapAsa ke jaina khaNDa pramANa haiN"| ukta katipaya ullekha isa bAta ko spaSTa karate haiM ki zramaNa jaina paramparA ke bIja prArambha se hI kAzI meM pallavita hue haiN| ziva ke viSaya meM bhI jaina paramparA aura vaidika paramparA kI dRSTi se paryAlocana kI AvazyakatA hai| vaidika paramparA ziva ko kAzI kA adhiSThAtR deva mAnatI hai| ziva ko rAmAyaNa meM mahAdeva, mahezvara, zaMkara tathA trayambaka ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai tathA unheM sarvotkRSTa deva kahA gayA hai| mahAbhArata meM ziva ko paramabrahma, asIma, acintya, vizvasRSTA, mahAbhUtoM kA ekamAtra udgama, nitya aura avyakta Adi kahA gayA hai| azvaghoSa ke buddha caritrA meM ziva kA vRSadhvaja tathA bhava ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| vimalasUri ke "paumacariu" ke maMgalAcaraNa ke prasaMga meM eka "jinendra rUdrASTaka" kA ullekha AyA hai, jisameM jinendra bhagavAna kA rUdra ke rUpa meM stavana hai| pApAndhaka nirbhazaM makara dhvajalobhamohapura dhnm| tapobharaM bhUSitAMgaM jinendra rUdraM sadA vande / / - * saMyama vRSabhArUr3ha tapaugramaha tIkSNa zUlAdharam / saMsAra.karividAraM jinendra rUdraM sadA vande / / : arthAt jinendra-rUdra pAparUpI andhAsura ke vinAzaka haiN| kAma, lobha -- evaM moha rUpI vidura ke dAhaka haiM, unakA zarIra tama rUpI bhasma se vibhUSita hai, saMyama rUpI vRSabha para ArUr3ha haiM, saMsAra rUpI kari (hAthI) ko vidIrNa karane vAle haiN| aise jinendra rUdra ko namaskAra karatA huuN| zivapurANa meM ziva kA AditIrthaMkara vRSabhadeva ke rUpa meM avatAra lene . kA ullekha AtA hai| AcArya vIrasiMha svAmI ne bhI dhavalA TIkA meM arhantoM kA paurANika ziva ke rUpa meM ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki arhanta parameSThI ve haiM jinhoMne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritrA rUpI trizUla ko dhAraNa karake moharUpI andhakAsura ke kabandha-vRnda kA haraNa kara liyA :: to

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70 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ' hai tathA jinhoMne sampUrNa AtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara liyA hai aura durnaya kA anta kara diyA hai| __isa prakAra RSabhadeva aura ziva ko eka hI honA caahie| vaidika paramparA jahAM ziva ko trizUladhArI mAnatI hai vahIM jaina paramparA meM arhanta kI mUrtiyoM ko ratnatrAya (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra) ke pratIkAtmaka trizUlAMkita trizUla se sampanna mAnA jAtA hai| siMdhughATI. se prApta mudrAoM para bhI aise yogiyoM kI mUrtiyAM aMkita haiM jo digambara haiN| jinake sira para trizUla hai aura kAyotsarga (khar3agAsana) mudrA meM dhyAnAvasthita haiN| kucha mUrtiyAM RSabha cinha se bhI aMkita haiN| mUrtiyoM ke rUpa mahAna yogI RSabhadeva se saMbaMdhita mAne jAte haiN| jaina paramparA tathA upaniSad meM bhI bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko Adi-brahmA kahA gayA hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva tathA ziva donoM kA jaTAjUTa yukta rUpa citraNa bhI unake aikya kA samarthaka hai| isa prakAra zramaNa paramparA ke Adi pravartaka AdinAtha ke samaya se hI kAzI meM jaina paramparA vidyamAna rahI hai| sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha', AThaveM candraprabha gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha tathA teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna kalyANakoM kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM kAzI Aja bhI samasta jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke lie zraddhA kA kendra hai| itihAsajJoM ne tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA pramANita kI hai aura yaha tatva svIkAra kiyA hai ki jaina dharma kI avasthiti bauddha dharma se bhI pUrva kI hai| kAzI ke sandarbha meM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha evaM candraprabha ke sandarbha meM paramparAgata ullekha hI milate haiN| isa dRSTi se jaina zramaNaM paramparA ke atiprAcIna utsa kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki "vAtarazanA"12 "vrAtya"13 Adi ke rUpa meM vedoM meM ullekha AyA hai| ata: zramaNa-paramparA kA Adi evaM mUla srota yadi RSabhadeva haiM to unake paravartI tIrthaMkaroM kI sthiti bhI svIkArya ho jAtI hai kyoMki siMdhughATI se prApta avazeSoM se yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM bhI zramaNa-paramparA ke anuyAyI the|

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kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ' paramparAgata ullekhoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kAzI ke tatkAlIna rAjA azvasena ke putra the| mAtA kA nAma vAmAdevI thaa| azvasena ikSvAkuvaMzIya kSatriya the| jaina sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma azvasena yA assaseNa milatA hai, kintu yaha nAma na to hindu purANoM me milatA hai aura na jAtakoM meN| guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma vizvasena diyA hai| jAtakoM ke vissasena aura hindU purANoM ke vizvakasena ke sAtha isakA sAmya banatA hai| DA. bhaNDArakara ne purANoM ke vizvaksena aura jAtakoM ke vissena ko eka mAnA hai|4 ... itihAsajJoM ne pArzvanAtha kA kAla I.pU. 877 varSa pUrva nirdhArita kiyA hai| isa I.pU. 877 meM kAzI kI tatkAlIna sAMskRtika sthiti kA Akalana pArzvanAtha ke jIvana evaM unase saMbaMdhita ghaTanAoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| pArzva janma se hI AtmonmukhI svabhAva ke the| usa samaya yajJa-yAgAdi aura paMcAgni tapa kA prAdhAnya thaa| pArzva ke jIvana kA yaha prasaMga ki unhoMne .gaMgA ke kinAre tApasa ko agni meM lakar3I ko DAlane se rokA aura kahA ki jisa lakar3I ko jalAne jA rahe ho usameM nAga yugala kA jor3A hai| ise jalane se roko| tapasvI ke na mAnane para usase puna: kahA ki tapa ke mUla meM dharma aura dharma ke mUla meM dayA hai vaha Aga meM jalane se kisa prakAra dayA sambhava ho sakatI hai? isa para sAdhu krodhita hokara bolA--tuma kyA dharma ko jAnoge, tumhArA kArya to manovinoda karanA hai| yadi tuma jAnate ho to batAo isa lakkar3a meM jIva kahAM hai? yaha sunakara kumAra pArzva ne apane sAthiyoM se lakkar3a ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka ciravAyA, to usameM se nAga.yugala bAhara niklaa| isa ghaTanA kI satyatA para prazna ho sakatA hai, parantu itanA nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya aise tapoM kA bAhulya thA aura binA soce-samajhe AhutiyAM dI jAtI thiiN| tIrthaMkara pArzva aura mahAvIra ke kAla meM kevala 250 varSa kA antarAla hai| isa avadhi meM yajJa-yAgAdi kI

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72 .. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pradhAnatA apane caramotkarSa para thii| itanA hI nahIM apanI manokAmanA kI pUrti ke lie vibhinna yajJoM ko pramukhatA dI jAtI thii| azvamedha yajJa bhI kAzI meM sampanna huA thaa| jisakI smRti-zeSa ke rUpa meM azvamedha ghATa Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki "vedikIhiMsA hiMsA na bhavati" isakA janamAnasa para paryApta prabhAva thA aura ihalaukika aura pAralaukika kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie ukta udghoSa ko caritArtha kiyA jAtA thaa| aise samaya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ne zramaNa paramparA ke anusAra ahiMsAmUlaka dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA aura jana sAmAnya ko saddharma ke mArga para lgaayaa| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke kAla ko saMkramaNa kAla kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki vaha samaya brAhmaNa yuga ke anta aura aupaniSada yA vedAnta yuga ke Arambha kA samaya thaa|15 jahAM usa samaya zatapatha brAhmaNa grantha kA praNayana huA vahAM vRhadAraNyakoSaniSda ke dRSTA upaniSadoM kI racanA kA sUtrapAtra huA thaa| aise samaya meM pArzvanAtha ne cAturyAma dharma kA pratipAdana kiyaa| vaha cAturyAma dharma (1) sarvaprakAra ke hiMsA kA tyAga, (2) sarvaprakAra ke asatya kA tyAga, (3) sarvaprakAra ke adattAdAna kA tyAga, (4) sarvaprakAra ke parigRha kA tyaag| ina cAra yAMmoM kA udgama vedoM yA upaniSadoM se nahIM huA, kintu vedoM ke pUrva se hI isa deza meM rahane vAle tapasvI, RSi-maniyoM ke tapodharma se inakA udgama huA hai / 16 . , pArzvanAtha aura nAga jAti ____ kumAra pArzva dvArA nAgayugala kI rakSA saMbaMdhI ghaTanA ko purAtatvajJa aura itihAsajJa paurANika rUpaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki pArzvanAtha ke vaMza kA nAgajAti ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa saMbaMdha thaa| cUMki pArzvanAtha ne nAgoM ko vipatti se bacAyA thA, ata: nAgoM ne unake utsarga kA nivAraNa kiyaa| mahAbhArata ke Adi parva meM jo nAgayajJa kI kathA hai usase yaha sUcanA milatI hai ki vaidika Arya nAgoM ke bairI the| nAga-jAti asuroM kI hI eka zAkhA thI aura asura jAti kI rIr3ha kI haDDI ke samAna thii| usake patana

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kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 73 ke sAtha hI asuroM kA patana bhI ho gyaa| jaba nAga loga gaMgA ghATI meM basate the, to eka nAga rAjA ke sAtha kAzI kI rAjakumArI kA vivAha huA thaa| ata: kAzI ke rAjagharAne ke sAtha nAgoM kA kauTumbika saMbaMdha thaa|18 ... nAgajAti evaM nAga pUjA kA itihAsa abhI taka spaSTa nahIM haA hai| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki nAgajAti aura usake vIroM ke zaurya kI smRti ko surakSita rakhane ke lie hI nAgapUjA kA pracalana huA hai| paMDita balabhadra jaina ne nAgajAti aura nAgapUjA ko zramaNa paramparA ke sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha ke sAtha saMbaMdha jor3ate hue yaha saMketa diyA hai ki supArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke Upara nAgaphaNa kA pracalana sambhavata: isI lie huA ki nAgajAti kI pahacAna ho ske| sarpaphaNAMvalI yukta pratimAeM mathurA Adi meM prApta huI haiN| nAgapUjA kA pracalana pArzvanAtha kI dharaNendra-padmAvatI dvArA rakSA ke bAda se huA hai| isa prakAra yakSapUjA kA saMbaMdha bhI dharaNendra-padmAvatI se hai| purAtatva evaM jaina zramaNa paramparA ... zramaNa paramparA ke mahatvapUrNa avazeSoM kA kAzI kI bhUmi se prApta honA bhI zramaNa paramparA ke srota kA prabala sAkSya hai| bhArata kalA bhavana, kAzI hindU vizva vidyAlaya meM purAtatva saMbaMdhI aneka bahumUlya sAmagrI * saMgrahIta hai.| isameM pASANa aura dhAtu kI aneka jaina pratimAeM haiM, jinheM purAtatvajJoM ne kuSANa kAla se madhya kAla taka kA mAnA hai| * ukta sAmagriyoM meM kuSANayugIna saptaphaNAvalI yukta tIrthaMkara kA zIrSa bhAga hai, jo mathurA se. utkhanana meM prApta huA thaa| rAjaghATa ke utkhanana se prApta saptaphaNAvalI yukta eka tIrthaMkara pratimA hai| isa phaNAvalI ke do phaNa khaNDita ho gae haiN| sira ke idhara-udhara do gaja bane hue haiN| unake Upara baiThe devendra hAthoM meM kalaza dhAraNa kie hue haiN| phaNAvalI ke Upara bherI tAr3ana karatA huA eka vyakti aMkita hai| yaha mUrti 11vIM zatAbdI kI anumAnita kI gaI hai| paMcaphaNAvalI se yaha supArzvanAtha kI mUrti pratIta hotI hai|

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74 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - eka khaDgAsana pratimA, jisake donoM ora yakSa-yakSI khar3e haiM tathA vakSa para zrIvatsa aMkita hai| isa pratimA para koI cinha nahIM hai aura na hI koI alaMkaraNa hai| ina kAraNoM se ise prathama zatI. meM nirmita mAnA jAtA hai| eka zilAphalaka para caubIsI aMkita hai| madhya meM padmAsana RSabhadeva kA aMkana hai| kezoM kI laTeM kaMdho para laharA rahI haiN| pAdapITha para vRSabha cinha aMkita hai| dono pAryoM meM zAsana devatA cakrezvarI aura gomukha. kA aMkana hai| donoM dvibhujI aura alaMkaraNa dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| cakrezvarI ke eka hAtha meM cakra tathA dUsare meM bijaurA hai| mUrti ke mastaka para trichatra aura donoM ora savAhana gaja haiN| trichatra ke Upara do paMktioM meM padmAsana aura kAyotsarga mudrA meM 23 tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM haiN| pIThikA ke nIce kI ora upAsakoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| isakA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA gayA hai / 19 ukta purAtatva sAmagriyoM ke atirikta bhelapara sthita pArzvanAtha maMdira ke punaH nirmANa ke samaya bhU-garbha se aneka mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiM jinameM pArzvanAtha kI eka bhavya evaM prAcIna pratimA prApta huI hai| khudAI karate samaya asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa pArzvanAtha kI pratimA khaNDita ho gii| prAcIna bhAratIya sthApatya kalA ke prasiddha adhyetA pro. ema. e. DhAkI ne isa durlabha pratimA ko I. san 5vIM zatI kA tathA anya kalAkRtiyoM ko 9vI aura 11vI zatI kA batalAyA hai| ajJAnatAvaza aneka mUlyavAna jaina kalAkRtiyAM maMdira kI nIva meM hI DAla dI giiN| isa prakAra purAtatva kI pracura upalabdhatA isa ora saMketa karatI hai ki kAzI kI jaina zramaNa paramparA kA itihAsa bahuta prAcIna hai aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA prabhAva anya tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA adhika rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM Aja bhI jagaha-jagaha para digambara jaina mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa vibhinna rUpoM meM pUje jA rahe haiN| udAharaNa ke lie "mur3akaTTA bAbA" ke nAma se vikhyAta jo mUrti avazeSa rUpa meM upalabdha hai, vaha eka kAyotsarga muMdrA meM khaNDita digambara jaina mUrti hai| yaha mUrti durgAkuNDa bhelUpura mArga meM mukhya

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kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 75 sar3aka para sthita hai| "bA~sa phATaka" jise AcArya samantabhadra kI usa camatkArika ghaTanA ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai jo AcArya samantabhadra dvArA svayabhUstotra kI racanA kA kAraNa banA thaa| sAranAtha mahAtmA buddha kI prathama upadeza sthalI rUpa meM prasiddha yaha sthala jaina paramparA ke 11veM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha ke janmasthalI se sambaddha hai| isakA pUrva nAma "siMhapura" thaa| jaina maMdira ke nikaTa hI eka stUpa hai jisakI U~cAI 103 phuTa hai| madhya meM isakA vyAsa 93 phuTa hai| isakA nirmANa samrATa azoka dvArA karavAyA gayA thaa| jaina paramparA kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAna zreyAMsanAtha kI janma nagarI hone ke kAraNa isakA nirmANa samrATa samprati ne karAyA hogaa| stUpa ke ThIka sAmane siMhadvArA hai, jisake donoM staMbhoM para siMhacatuSka banA hai| siMhoM ke nIce dharmacakra hai jisake dAI ora baila aura ghor3e kI mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| . bhArata sarakAra ne isa staMbha kI siMhatrayI ko rAjacinha ke rUpa meM * svIkAra kiyA hai| aura dharmacakra ko rASTradhvaja para aMkita kiyA hai| jaina * paramparA ke anusAra pratyeka tIrthaMkara kA eka vizeSa cinha hotA hai aura jise pratyeka tIrthaMkara pratimA para aMkita kiyA jAtA hai| isI cinha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha amuka tIrthaMkara kI pratimA hai| yaha cinha mAMgalika kAryoM aura mAMgalika vAstuvidhAnoM meM maMgala cinha ke rUpa meM prayukta hote haiN| udAharaNArtha tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kA svastika cinha hai, jise sampUrNa bhArata meM jaina hI nahIM varan jainetara sampradAya bhI samasta mAMgalika avasaroM para prayoga karate haiN| siMha mahAvIra kA cinha hai| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA vRSabha aura azva tRtIya tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kA cinha hai| isI prakAra dharmacakra tIrthaMkaroM aura unake samavazaraNa kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| tIrtharakara ke kevala jJAna ke pazcAt jo prathama dezanA hotI hai use dharmacakra pravartana kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAya: sabhI pratimAoM ke siMhAsanoM aura vediyoM meM dharmacakra banA rahatA hai|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha . jaina zAsakoM meM stUpa ke saMdarbha meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| sAranAtha sthita jo stUpa hai vaha priyadarzI samrATa samprati kA ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha sthAna zreyAMsanAtha kI kalyANaka bhUmi rahI hai| dUsare "devanAma priyaH" yaha jaina paramparA kA zabda hai| jaina sUtrasAhitya meM kaI sthAnoM para isakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jisakA prayoga bhavya, zrAvaka Adi ke artha meM AtA hai| purAtatvajJa ukta kAraNoM se hI sambhavata: isa saMdeha ko isa prakAra vyakta karate haiM, "sambhavata: yaha stUpa samrATa azoka dvArA nirmita huA" / candrapurI (candrAvatI) kAzI se 20 ki.mI. dUra AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha ke janmasthAna. se saMbaMdhita hai| jisake sandarbha meM paramparAgata srota upalabdha hote haiN| ukta tathyoM ke Aloka meM kAzI kI jaina zramaNa paramparA kA viziSTa sthAna hai| jaina smRti avazeSa usakI prAcInatA aura vyApakatA ko spaSTa karate haiN| bhArata meM kahIM bhI utkhanana se prApta hone vAlI sAmagriyoM meM se zramaNa paramparA ke 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI pratimAeM sabase adhika prApta hotI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki kAzI kI paramparA kA sampUrNa deza para kAlajayI prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| Mm saMdarbha 1. bhAratendu samagra - pRSTha 649, 650. 2. rAmAyaNa - bAlakANDa - 45, 22 - 26, 66 / 11-12, 6,1, 16,27. mahAbhArata droNa: 74, 56, 61,, 169,29. 4. buddha carita 10, 3, 1, 93. itthaM prabhAva RSabho'vatAra: zaMkarasya me| satAM gatirdInabandhurnavamaH kthitvstv| RSabhasya caritraM hi paramaM pAvanaM mahat / svarya yazasyamAyudhyaM zrotavyaM ca pracatnata: / / zivapurANa 4,47-48.

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kAzI kI zramaNa paramparA aura tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 77 6. dhavalA TIkA: 1 pRSTha - 45, 46. 7. brahmA devAnAM prathama saMbabhUva vizvasya kartA bhuvanasya goptA - muNDakopaniSad - 1, 1. 8. vArANasIye puDavI supaiThehiM supAsa devaay| .. jeTThassa sukkavAra sidiNambhi jAdo visaahaae|| tiloyapaNNatti - 4/532. 9. candapaho candapure jAdo mahaseNa lAcchemahi aahiN| pussassa kiNNa eyArasie aNugaha Nakkhante / / tiloyapaNNatti - 4/533. 10. sIhapure seeso viSDu NarideNa vennudeviie| .__ kArasiMe phAguNa sida pakkhe smnnbhejaado|| tiloyapaNNatti - 4/536. 11. hayaseNa vammilAhiM jAdo hi vArANasIya pAsajiNoM pusassa bahula ekkArasiMe rikkhe tisaahaae||tiloypnnnntti - 5/548. - 12. munayo vAtarazAnA pizAMgA vasate malA: - Rgveda - 10/135/2. 13. vrAtya AsIdIyamAna eva ya prajApati samairayat-atharvaveda-prathama sUkti. 14. paM. balabhadra jaina - bhArata ke jaina tIrtha, pRSTha 124. 15. paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA-pRSTha-108. : 16. vahI - pRSTha 107. . . .. 17.. vahI - pRSTha 104. . . '. 18: vahI : pRSTha 104. 19. balabhadra jaina, bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 126.

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana - DA. phUlacanda jaina premI* vartamAna meM jaina paramparA kA jo prAcIna sAhitya upalabdha hai, usakA sIdhA sambandha caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra se hai / kintu inase pUrva nauvIM zatI IsA pUrva kAzI meM janme teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha jo ki isa zramaNa paramparA ke eka mahAn puraskartA the, usa viSayaka koI vyavasthita rUpa meM sAhitya vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu aneka prAcIna aitihAsika. prAmANika srotoM se aitihAsika mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM mAnya haiN| aura unake AdarzapUrNa jIvana aura dharma-darzana kI loka-vyApI chavi Aja bhI sampUrNa bhArata tathA isake sImAvartI kSetroM aura dezoM meM vividha rUpoM meM dikhalAI detI 1 ardha prAkRta sAhitya meM unheM "purusAdANIYa" arthAt lokanAyaka zreSTha puruSa jaise ati lokapriya vyaktitva ke lie prayukta aneka sammAnapUrNa vizeSaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vaidika aura bauddha dharmoM tathA ahiMsA evaM AdhyAtmikatA se ota-prota sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti para inake cintana aura prabhAva kI amiTa gaharI chApa Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / vaidika, jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM inake ullekha tathA yahAM ullikhita vrAtya, paNi aura nAga Adi jAtiyA~ spaSTataH pArzvanAtha kI anuyAyI thii| bhArata ke pUrvI kSetroM vizeSakara baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA Adi aneka prAntoM ke AdivAsI bahula kSetroM meM lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM basane vAlI sarAka, sadgopa, raMgiyA Adi jAtiyoM kA sIdhA aura gaharA sambandha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se hai| ina logoM ke dainika jIvana - vyavahAra kI kriyAoM aura saMskAroM para tIrthaMkara * rIDara evaM adhyakSa, jaina darzana vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI

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___ 79 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana pArzvanAtha aura unake cintana kI gaharI chApa hai| sampUrNa sarAka jAti tathA aneka jainetara apane kuladeva tathA iSTadeva ke rUpa meM Aja taka inhIM kI mukhyata: pUjA bhakti karatI hai| IsApUrNa dUsarI-tIsarI zatI ke jaina dharmAnuyAyI suprasiddha kaliMga nareza mahArAjA khAravela bhI inhIM ke pramukha anuyAyI the| aMga, baMga, kaliMga, kurU, kauzala, kAzI, avantI, puNDa, mAlava pAMcAla, magadha, vidarbha, bhadra, dazArNa, saurASTra, karnATaka, koMkaNa, mevAr3a, lATa, kAzmIra, kaccha, vatsa, pallava aura AmIra Adi tatkAlIna aneka kSetroM aura dezoM kA ullekha AgamoM meM milatA hai, jinameM pArzva prabhu ne sasaMgha vihAra karake jana-jana ke hitakArI dharmopadeza dekara jAgRti paidA kii| isa prakAra tIrthakara pArzvanAtha tathA unake lokavyApI cintana ne lambe samaya taka dhArmika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika tathA AdhyAtmika kSetra ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| unakA dharma vyavahAra kI dRSTi se sahaja thA, jisameM jIvana zailI kA pratipAdana thaa| dhArmika kSetroM meM usa samaya putraiSaNA, vittaiSaNA, lokaiSaNA Adi ke lie hiMsAmUlaka yajJa tathA ajJAnamUlaka tama kA kAphI prabhAva thaa| kintu inhoMne pUrvokta kSetroM meM vihAra karake ahiMsA kA jo samartha pracAra kiyA, usakA samAja para gaharA prabhAva par3A aura aneka Arya tathA anArya jAtiyA~ unake dharma meM dIkSita ho gii| rAjakumAra avasthA meM kamaTha dvArA kAzI ke gaMgAghATa para paMcAgni tapa tathA yajJAgni kI lakar3I : meM jalate nAga-nAganI kA NamokAra maMtra dvArA uddhAra kArya kI prasiddha ghaMTanA yaha saba unake dvArA dhArmika kSetro meM hiMsA aura ajJAna virodha aura ahiMsA tathA viveka kI sthApanA kA pratIka hai| :.'. jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa (bhAga 1 pR. 359) ke anusAra nAga tathA dravir3a jAtiyoM meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mAnyatA asaMdigdha thii| takSazilA, udyAnapurI, ahicchatra, mathurA, padmAvatI, kAntipurI, nAgapura Adi isa jAti ke prasiddha kendra the| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha nAga jAti ke ina kendroM meM kaI bAra padhAre aura inake cintana se prabhAvita ho sabhI inake anuyAyI bana gye| isa dizA meM gahana adhyayana aura anusaMdhAna se AzcaryakArI naye tathya sAmane A sakate haiM jo tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke lokavyApI svarUpa ko aura adhika spaSTa rUpa meM ujAgara kara sakate haiN|

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha hamAre deza ke hajAroM naye aura prAcIna jainamaMdiroM meM sarvAdhika pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kI upalabdhatA bhI unake prati gaharA AkarSaNa, gahana AsthA aura vyApaka prabhAva kA hI pariNAma hai| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke bAda tathA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya taka pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyiyoM kI paramparA atyadhika jIvaMta aura prabhAvaka avasthA meM thii| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM "pAsAvaccijja" arthAt pArzvapatyIya "pAsattha" arthAt pArzvanAtha ke rUpa ullikhita zabda pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA milatA hai| "pArkhApatyIya" zabda kA artha hai pArzva kI paramparA arthAt unakI paramparA ke anuyAyI zramaNa aura shrmnnopaask| ardhamAgadhI aMga Agama sAhitya meM paMcama aMga Agama bhagavatI sUtra jise vyAkhyA-prajJApti bhI kahA jAtA hai, meM pArzvapatyIya anagAra aura gRhastha donoM ke vistRta vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| sAvadhAnI pUrvaka inake vizleSaNa se pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM pArzva kA dUra-dUra taka vyApaka prabhAva thA tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM pApityIya zramaNa evaM upAsaka vidyamAna the| madhya evaM pUrvI dezoM ke vrAtya kSatriya unake anuyAyI the| gaMgA kA uttara evaM dakSiNa bhAga tathA aneka nAgavaMzI rAjataMtra evaM gaNataMtra unake anuyAyI the| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke teIsaveM adhyAya kA "kezI-gautama" saMvAda to bahuta prasiddha hai hii| zrAvastI ke ye zramaNa kezIkumAra bhI pArzva kI hI paramparA ke zramaNa the| sampUrNa rAjagaha bhI pArzva kA upAsaka thaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA tathA anya sambandhI pApitya paramparA ke zramaNopAsaka the| jaisA ki kahA bhI hai - "samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIssa ammApiyaro pAsAvaccijjA samaNovAsagA vAvi honthA (AcArAMga 2, cUlikA 3, sUtra 40) / bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM kucha prasaMgoM meM pApityIyoM ke jJAna aura praznottaroM kI prazaMsA karate haiN| eka anya prasaMga meM ve pArzva prabhu ko arahaMta, purisAdANIya (puruSAdAnIya - puruSa zreSTha yA lokanAyaka) jaise sammAnapUrNa vizeSaNoM se sambodhita karate

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana . bhagavatI sUtra meM tuMgIyA nagarI meM Thahare una pAMca sau pArvApatyika sthaviroM kA ullekha vizeSa dhyAtavya hai jo pArvApatyika zramaNopAsakoM ko cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza dete haiM tathA zramaNopAsAkoM dvArA pUche gae saMyama, tapa tathA inake phala Adi ke viSaya meM praznoM kA samAdhAna karate haiN| ina praznottaroM kA pUrA vivaraNa jaba indrabhUti gautama ko rAja-gRha meM una zrAvakoM dvArA jJAta hotA hai, taba jAkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko praznottaroM kA pUrA vivaraNa sunAte hue pUchate haiM - bhaMte, kyA pArkhApatyIya sthaviroM dvArA kiyA gayA samAdhAna sahI hai? kyA ve una praznoM ke uttara dene meM samartha haiM? kyA ve samyak jJAnI haiM? kyA ve abhyAsI aura viziSTa jJAnI haiM? bhagavAn mahAvIra spaSTa uttara dete hue kahate haiM - ahaM piNaM goynaa| evamAikkhAmi bhAsAmi, paNNavemi pruvemi....| saccaM NaM esa maThe, no ceta NaM AyabhAvavattavvayAe / arthAt hAM gautm| pApityIya sthaviroM dvArA kiyA gayA samAdhAna sahI hai| Age gautama ke pUchane para ki aise zramaNoM kI upAsanA se kyA. lAbha? bhagavAn kahate haiM - satya sunane ko milatA hai| Age-Age uttaroM ke anusAra prazna bhI nirantara kiye gye| ___ina prasaMgoM ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke sAmate pArzva ke dharma, jJAna, AcAra aura tapazcaraNa Adi kI samRddha paramparA rahI hai aura bhagavAn mahAvIra usake prazaMsaka the| pAli sAhitya meM nirgranthoM ke "vappa zAkya" nAmaka zrAvaka kA ullekha milatA hai, jo ki buddha ke cUla pitA (pitRvya) the isase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn buddha kA pitRtva kula pApityIya thaa| kucha ullekhoM se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki buddha Arambha meM pArzva kI nirgrantha paramparA meM dIkSita huye the, kintu bAda meM unhoMne apanA svatantra astitva bnaayaa| . __ bhagavAna buddha ke eka jIvana-prasaMga se yaha patA calatA hai ki ve apanI sAdhanAvasthA meM pArzva-paramparA meM sambaddha avazya rahe haiN| apane pramukha ziSya sAriputra se ve kahate haiM - "sAriputra, bodhi-prApti se pUrva maiM dAr3hI, mUMchoM kA luMcana karatA thaa| maiM khar3A rahakara tapasyA karatA thaa| ukaDU baiTha kara tapasyA karatA thaa| maiM naMgA rahatA thaa| laukika AcAroM kA pAlana nahIM karatA thaa| hathelI para bhikSA lekara khAtA thaa| ..... baiThe hue sthAna para

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha Akara diye hue anna ko, apane liye taiyAra kie hue anna ko aura nimaMtraNa ko bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA thA / garbhiNI va stanapAna karAne vAlI strI se bhikSA nahIM letA thA / yaha samasta AcAra jaina sAdhuoM kA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki gautama buddha pArzvanAtha- paramparA ke kisI zramaNa-saMgha kSa hue aura vahAM se unhoMne bahuta kucha sadjJAna prApta kiyA / R devasenAcArya (8vIM zatI) ne bhI gautamabuddha ke dvArA prArambha meM jaina dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai- jaina zramaNa pihitAzrava ne sarayU nadI ke taTa para palAza nAmaka grAma meM zrI pArzvanAtha ke saMgha meM unheM dIkSA dI aura unakA nAma muni buddhakIrti rkhaa| kucha samaya bAda ve matsya-mAMsa khAne lage aura rakta vastra pahanakara apane navIna dharma kA upadeza karane lge"| yaha ullekha apane Apa meM bahuta bar3A aitihAsika mahatva nahIM rakhatA, phira bhI tathA prakAra ke samullekhoM ke sAtha apanA eka sthAna avazya banA letA hai / pAli dIghanikAya meM makkhali gozAlaka Adi jina chaha tIrthaMkaroM ke matoM kA pratipAdana hai, unameM niggaNThanAtaputta ke nAma se jisa cAturyAma saMvara arthAt sabbavArivAritto, sabbavAriyuto, sabbavAridhuto aura sabbavAriphuTo kI carcA hai, vaisI kisI bhI jainagranthoM meM nahIM milatI / sthAnAMga, bhagavatI uttarAdhyayana Adi sUtra granthoM meM to pArzva prabhu ke sarva prANAtipAta virati, sarvamRSAvAda virati, sarva adattAdAna virati aura sarva bahrirdhAdAna virati rUpa cAturyAma dharma kA pratipAdana milatA hai / jaba ki digambara paramparA ke anusAra sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne pAMca mahAvrata AcAra dharma kA pratipAdana samAna rUpa se kiyA hai| yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki ardhamAgadhI paramparAnusAra cAturyAma kA upadeza pArzvanAtha ne diyA thA, na ki jJAtaputra mahAvIra neN| kintu isa ullekha se yaha avazya siddha hotA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ke sAmane bhI pArzvanAtha ke cintana kA kAphI vyApaka prabhAva thA aura pArzvapatyiyoM se bhI unakA paricaya acchA thA / kucha itihAsakAroM kA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki yajJa-yAgAdi pradhAna vedoM ke bAda upaniSadoM meM adhyAtmika cintana kI pradhAnatA meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke cintana kA bhI kAphI prabhAva par3A hai| isa taraha vaidika paramparA ke lie

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI vyaktitva aura cintana tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA AdhyAtmika rUpa meM bahumUlya yogadAna kahA jA sakatA isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA aisA loka vyApI prabhAvaka vyaktitva evaM cintana thA ki koI bhI eka bAra inake yA inakI paraMmparA ke paripArzva meM Ane para unakA prabala anuyAyI bana jAtA thaa| unake asIma virATa vyaktitva kA vivecana ina kucha zabdoM yA pRSThoM meM karanA asambhava hai, phira bhI vibhinna zAstroM ke adhyayana aura sImita zakti se unheM jo jAna pAyA yahAM zraddhAvaza isalie prastuta kiyA hai tAki hama sabhI unake prabhAva ko jAnakara unheM aura jAnane-samajhane ke lie prayatnazIla ho skeN| saMdarbha 1. (ka) pApityAnAM-pArzvajina ziSyANAmayaM pApityIya : bhagavatI TIkA 1/9. (kha) pApityasya-pArzvasvAmi ziSyasya apatyaM ziSya: pApityIya: sUtra 2/7. 2. veMsalie purIrA siriyAsajiNe ssaasnnsnnho| __ hehayakulasaMbhUo ceiganAmA nivo Asi / / upadezamAlA gAthA 92. . 3. bhagavaI 2/5, pairA 110 pR 108. - 4. * pAseNaM arahayAM purisArAMNieNaM sAsae loe buie aNAdIya aNavadagge paritte parivuDe .. heTTA vicchiNNe majjhe saMkhitte, uppiM visAle-bhagavatI 2/5/255 pR. 231. * 5.. bhagavatI 2/5/98 pR. 105. 6. vahI 2/5/110 pR. 108. 7. vahI 2/5/110 pR. 109. . 8. pAli aMguttara nikAya catuskanipAta mahAvaggo vappasutta 4-20-5. 9.ka. majjhimanikAya mahAsiMhanAda sutta 1/1/2, dIghanikAya pAsAdikasutta - kha. pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma, pR. 24. / 10.. majjhimanikAya, mahAsiMhanAda sutta 1/1/2, dharmAnanda kauzAmbI bha. buddha pR. 68-69. 11. siripAsaNAhatitthe sarayUtIre plaasnnyrttho| pihiyAsavassa sisso mahAsudo bddddhkittimunnii| ... stabaraM dharittA pavaTTiya teNa eyataM / / darzanasAra zloka 6-8. 12. Agama aura tripiTaka: eka anuzIlana, pR. 2.

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jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha zrI satyendra kumAra jaina* mAnava bhedoM kI jitanI vividhatA aura vibhinna jAtiyoM kA jitanA sammizraNa bhAratavarSa meM rahA hai, utanA anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| sthUla rUpa se do mAnavI dhArAeM pracalita rahI haiN| pahalI RkSa, yakSa, nAMga Adi ke vaMzajoM kI vaha dhArA, jise vartamAna meM prAya: drAvir3a nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| dUsarI uttara-pazcima kI ora se udaya meM Ane vAlI Arya jAti ke vaMzajoM kI vaha dhArA jo iNDo Arya kahalAtI hai| isake atirikta IrAnI, yUnAnI, zaka, pallava, kuSANa, hUNa, araba, turka Adi jAtiya tatva bhI samaya-samaya para bhAratIya janatA meM mizrita hote rahe haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se bhAratIya Arya, drAvir3a, mAnakhmera ye tIna tatva. bhAratIya bhASAoM ke mUlAdhAra haiN| jaina dharma atyadhika prAcIna evaM prAgaitihAsika mAnA jAtA hai| yahI vaha dharma hai, jisane karmavAdI mAnavI sabhyatA kA bhUtala para sarvaprathama"OM namaH" kA jApa kiyaa| ayodhyA se hastinApura pradeza taka isa navIna sabhyatA kA kendra thaa| RSabhadeva ne tatkAlIna samAja ko asi, masi, kRSi, zilpa, vyApAra, vANijya, ina cha: kalAoM kI zikSA dekara asabhya yuga kA aMta kiyA evaM ahiMsAvAdI dharma kA AraMbha kiyA, jo sarala, Atmakarma, mukti aura sukha kA mArga kahalAyA thaa| ukta tathya kA Rgveda uparAnta majuSa, sAma aura atharva nAmaka zeSa tIna vedoM meM brAhmaNa saMskRti kA "muniyovAta vasanA" ke rUpa meM tatkAlIna digambara muniyoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isa dharma ke teisaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko jAnA jAtA hai| inakA janma bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke 84,650 varSa pazcAt * AcArya vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna, jabalapara

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85 jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha evaM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke 250 varSa pUrva huA thaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma sudIrgha prAgaitihAsika evaM anuzrutigamya itihAsa kAla ke anta meM aura niyamita itihAsa ke prAraMbha meM huA thA, jisakI zurUAta mahAbhArata yuddha ke bAda kI mAnI jAtI hai| - jaina paramparA kA aMtima pratApI samrATa brahmadatta, kAzI meM uraga (nAga vaMzI) vrAtya kSatrIya thaa| isakA ullekha arthavaveda evaM sAhitya meM bhI AyA hai| DaoN rAya caudharI, prabhRti vidvAna unakI aitihAsikatA meM koI sandeha nahIM mAnate haiN| isa vaMza meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA janma huA thaa| ye kAzI ke rAjakumAra the| DA. rAya caudharI ke anusAra - kAzI isa kAla meM bhArata kA sarvamukha rAjya thA aura zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra - kAzI ke ye rAje vaidika dharma aura yajJoM ke virodhI the| prAcIna bauddha anuzruti meM inakA asabha nAma se ullekha huA hai tathA mahAbhArata meM bhI azvasena nAmaka eka prasiddha tatkAlIna nAga nareza kA ullekha milatA hai| pArzva kA janma I. pU. 877 meM huaa| ___tIrthaMkara pArzva kA janma ukSara vaidika kAla, upaniSadayuga, zramaNa-punaruddhAra yuga athavA nAga-punarutthAna yuga Adi vibhinna nAmoM se sUcita mahAbhArata, mahAvIra aura bauddha ke madhyavartI (1400-1600 I. pU.) kAla ke prAya: tRtIya . pAda meM huA thaa| ye bAla brahmacArI rhe| ata: usa yuga ke sAMskRtika itihAsa meM unakA mahatva pUrNa sthAna hai| .. durddhara tapazcaraNa karane ke phalasvarUpa inheM kevala jJAna evaM arhanta pada kI prApti huii| isake pazcAt 70 varSa taka jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie deza-dezAntara meM vihAra karake dharma kA pracAra karane meM bitaayaa| anta meM sau varSa kI Ayu meM I.pU. 777 meM apane 36 ziSyoM ke sAtha sammeda zikhara meM virAjamAna ho gaye evaM vahAM se nirvANa prApta kiyaa| vaha parvata Aja bhI pArasanAtha parvata ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| barelI jile kA prAcIna ahicchatra nAmaka sthAna pArzvanAtha kI viziSTa tapasyA bhUmi rahI thii| pArzvanAtha kA viziSTa lAJchana nAga evaM varNa zyAma rahA batAyA jAtA hai|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ata: inakI adhikAMza pratimAeM 'zyAma varNa evaM sira ke Upara chatrakAra nAgaphaNa se yukta pAyI jAtI hai| yaha nAgaphaNa bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI tapasyA ke samaya hue upasarga kI ghaTanA se saMbaMdhita hai| upasarga vijaya ke pazcAt pArzvanAtha kI divya AtmA ko kaivalya prApta huaa| unakA jJAna nirmala ho gyaa| svayaM ko samajhakara unhoMne tatpazcAt bolanA AraMbha kiyA aura vizva kalyANa ke isa mahAna mahAtmA ko bhI duniyA ne pahacAnA aura samasta duniyA isa mahAtmA ko sunane ke liye inake pIche ho gii| mahAtmA vahI hotA hai, jisake hRdaya meM sabhI prANiyoM ke liye samAna vyavahAra ho| devatA, indrAdika bhI prabhu kI sabhA meM aaye| indra ne baiThane kI vyavasthA kI aura una saba ko bAraha sthAnoM meM vibhakta kara diyaa| bhagavAn sabase bIca meM the, jisase cAroM tarapha se dikhalAI dete the| unakA mauna khulA, sarvatra dizAoM meM unhoMne jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA meM aba kisI bhI vidvAna ko koI saMdeha nahIM hai, yadyapi kucha yaha Agraha banA huA hai ki pArzva hI jaina dharma ke pravartaka the athavA kama se kama yaha ki unake pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara aitihAsikatA kI paridhi se bAhara the|10 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma uraga vaMza meM huA thA, jo nAga jAti kI hI eka zAkhA thii| ata: usa kAla meM puna: jAgRta nAga logoM meM unake dharma kA pracAra atyadhika rhaa| unake samaya meM pUrva, pazcima, uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM aneka prabala nAga sattAaiM rAjatantroM athavA gaNatantroM ke rUpa meM udita ho cukI thIM aura ina logoM ke iSTa devatA pArzvanAtha hI pratIta hote haiN| inake atirikta madhya evaM pUrvI dezoM ke adhikAMza vrAtya kSatriya bhI inhIM ke upAsaka the| licchavi Adi ATha kuloM meM vibhAjita vaizAkhI aura videha ke zaktizAlI vajjigaNa meM to pArzva kA dharma hI loka dharma thaa| ____ karakaMDu carita ke nAyaka karakaMDa bhI aitihAsika vyakti the, jo pArzvanAtha ke upAsaka evaM bhakta the| usa yuga ke Adarza nareza the| inhoMne

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jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha rAjapATa kA tyAga kara tapasyA kI aura sadgati prApta kii| terApura Adi kI guphAoM meM prApta purAtAtvika cinhoM se tatsaMbaMdhI jaina anuzruti pramANita hotI hai| pArzva ke aura bhI tatkAlIna nareza pArzva ke anuyAyI ho gaye the / 12 .. ... DaoN cArapeNTiyara ke anusAra - "jaina dharma mUla siddhAMtoM ke pramukha tatva mahAvIra se bahuta pUrva, pArzvanAtha ke samaya se hI vyavasthita rahe Aye pratIta hote haiN|" __pro. harsavartha ke anusAra - "gautama buddha ke samaya se pUrva hI pArzvanAtha dvArA sthApita jaina saMgha, jo nirgrantha saMgha kahalAtA thA, eka vidhivat susaMgaThita dhArmika sampradAya .thaa|" ___ pro. rAma prasAda cA~da ke anusAra - "yaha Amataura para vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra se pahale bhI jaina sAdhu vidyamAna the, jo ki pArzvanAtha dvArA sthApita saMgha se saMbaMdhita the| unake apane caitya bhI the| DaoN. vimalacaraNa lAhA ne bhI ukta tathya kI puSTi karate huye kahA hai ki mahAvIra ke udaya ke pUrva bhI vaha dharma, jisake ki ve aMtima upadezaka the, vaizAlI evaM usake Asa-pAsa ke pradezoM meM apane kisI pUrvarUpa meM pracalita rahatA rahA pratIta hotA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kama se kama uttarI evaM pUrvI bhArata ke kitane hI kSatriya jana, jinameM ki vaizAlI nivAsiyoM kI pramukhatA thI, pArzvanAtha dvArA sthApita evaM pracArita dharma ke anuyAyI the| AcArAMga sUtra se patA calatA hai ki mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA pArzva ke upAsaka evaM zramaNoM ke anuyAyI the|" pro. jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra ke anusAra - atharvaveda meM bhI jina vrAtyoM kA ullekha hai, ve arhatoM aura caityoM ke upAsaka the| ye arhata aura unake caitya buddha ke bahuta pahale se vidyamAna the| . isa bAta ke pramANa bhI upalabdha haiM ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha evaM jaina dharma kI aitihAsika mAnyatA videzoM meM thii| pro. bIla ne san 1885 I. meM raoNyala aiziyATika sosAyaTI ke samakSa apane eka kathana meM batAyA thA ki

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha zAkya muni gautama dvArA bauddha dharma pravartana ke bahuta pUrva madhya eziyA meM usase milatA julatA dharma pracalita thaa| sara henarI rAlinsana ke anusAra - madhya aiziyA meM valkha nagara kA navya vihAra tathA IMToM para bane anya smArakIya avazeSa vahA~ kAzyapa kA jAnA sUcita karate haiN| kAzyapa, eka prasiddha prAcIna jaina muni kA nAma tathA kaI prAcIna tIrthaMkaroM kA gotra to thA hI sAtha hI, vaha svayaM pArzvanAtha kA bhI. gotra thaa| AdipurANa ke anusAra - jisa uraga vaMza meM pArzvanAtha kA janma huA . thA, usakA saMsthApaka kAzyapa apara nAma kA maghavA thaa| ata: isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki tIrthaMkara pArzva kAzyapa gotra ke the aura sambhavata: apane gotra nAma kAzyapa se bhI prasiddha the| madhya eziyA kA kiyAvizi nagara jo kaispiyA bhI kahalAtA thA aura sambhavatayA isI AdhAra para 7vIM zatI meM cInI yAtrI henasAMga ne tathA usake bhI lagabhaga sahastra varSa pUrva sikandara ke yUnAnI sAthiyoM ne isa nagara meM bahasaMkhyaka nirgrantha sAdhu dekhe the| ataeva isakI pUrI sambhAvanA hai ki mahAvIra ke pUrva bhI madhya-eziyA ke kaispiyA, amana, samarakanda, balkha Adi nagaroM meM jaina dharma pracalita thaa| yUnAnI itihAsa ke janaka harodotasa ne chaThI-pAMcavIM zatI meM apane graMtha meM eka aise dharma kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM sarva prakAra mAMsAhAra varjita thaa| usake anuyAyI mAtra anna bhojI the| I.pU. 580 meM huye yUnAnI dArzanika paithegorasa, jo svayaM mahAvIra aura buddha kA samakAlIna thA, jIvAtmA ke purnajanma evaM AvAgamana meM tathA karma siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karatA thaa| sarva prakAra kI jIva hiMsA evaM mAMsAhAra se virata rahane kA upadeza detA thaa| yahAM taka ki katipaya vanaspatiyoM ko bhI dhArmika dRSTi se abhakSya mAnatA thA evaM pUrva janma kA jJAtA thaa| ye AtmA ko heya evaM nAzavAna mAnate the, uparokta vicAroM kA bauddha dharma evaM brAhmaNa dharma se koI sadRzya nahIM hai| ye mAnyatAeM sudUra yunAna evaM aiziyA mAinara meM usa kAla meM pracalita thI, jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM gautama buddha apane-apane dharma kA

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jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha pracAra hI kara rahe the| ata: paithAgorasa Adi pArzvanAtha ke upadezoM se prabhAvita rahe pratIta hote haiN|14 mejara janarala pharlAga ke kathanAnusAra lagabhaga 1500 se 800 IsA pUrva paryanta balki usake bahuta pUrva anizcita kAla se sampUrNa uttarI pazcima tathA madhya bhArata meM turAniyoM kA, jinheM suvidhA ke lie dravir3a kahA jAtA hai, prabhutva rahatA rahA thaa| unameM vRkSa, nAga, liMga Adi kI pUjA pracalita thI, kintu usake sAtha hI sAtha usa kAla meM sampUrNa uttara bhArata meM eka aisA ati avasthita, dArzanika, sadAcAra, evaM tapa pradhAna dharma arthAt jaina dharma avasthita thaa| jisake AdhAra se hI brAhmaNa evaM bauddhAdi dharmoM ke sanyAsa mArga bAda meM vikasita hue| - AryoM ke gaMgA taTa va sarasvatI taTa para pahuMcane ke pUrva hI lagabhaga bAIsa pramukha saMta athavA tIrthaMkara jainoM kA dharmopadeza de cuke the| unake uparAnta AThavIM nauvI zatI IsA pUrva meM 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha hue aura unheM apane una samasta pUrva tIrthaMkaroM kA jJAna thA, jo bar3e-bar3e samayAntaroM ko liye hue pahale ho cuke the| unheM una aneka dharma zAstroM kA bhI jJAna thA, jo prAcIna hone ke kAraNa pUrva yA purANa kahalAte the aura jo sudIrgha kAla se mAnya muniyoM, vAnaprasthoM yA vanavAsI sAdhuoM kI paramparA meM maukhika dvAra se pravAhita hote A rahe the| / kucha loga pArzvanAtha dharma ko cAturyAma dharma bhI kahate haiM aura isakA kAraNa yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki unake dvArA upadezita mahAvratoM meM brahmacarya vrata kI gaNanA nahIM thI, kevala ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aura aparigraha hI the aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unameM brahmacarya ko sammilita karake vratoM kI saMkhyA pAMca kara dii| __bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI ziSya paraMparA ke sAdhu buddha ke samaya taka vidyamAna the| gautama-kezI saMvAda kI ghaTanA isa bAta kI sUcaka hai ki pArzva paramparA ke mahAvIra kAlIna sAdhu katipaya bAtoM meM mahAvIra ke upadeza se matabheda rakhate the| ata: unake netA kezI kA mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya

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- - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha gautama gaNadhara ke sAtha vicAra vimarza huA aura isake pazcAt una matabhedoM kA parityAga kara diyA jo ina anuyAyiyoM ke mana meM the|16| ___eka anuzruti ke anusAra bauddha dharma ke mUla pravartaka buddha kIrti tathA unake sAthI sAriputra evaM maudgalAyana Adi prAraMbha meM pArzva kI paramparA ke hI sAdhu the, ye buddhakIrti svayaM gautama buddha the athavA unake jaina gurU yaha kahanA kaThina hai, kintu svayaM "majjhimanikAya" Adi prAcIna bauddha granthoM se patA calatA hai ki kucha dina gautama buddha pArzva kI AmnAya ke eka jaina sAdhu ke bhI ziSya rahe evaM unhoMne jainAcAra evaM tapazcaraNa kA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| _ "brahmacarya kA pAlana karo, saMgraha paripATI ko khatma karo, utanA hI saMgraha karo jitane kI tumheM AvazyakatA hai| jahAM pIr3ana aura zoSaNa hai, vahAM dharma nahIM adharma hai| saMgraha eka bhayaMkara anartha hai, isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ne aneka sUtra va zikSAeM dii| pArzvanAtha kI yaha dharma ghoSaNA upasthita prANiyoM ke liye AkarSaka bnii| isa prakAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko samasta sAhitya meM eka aitihAsika puruSa ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAtA hai| saMdarbha 1. DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1965-66, pRSTha 23. . 2. tiloyapaNNattI, cauttho mahAdhiyArI, gAthA pRSTha 5. 3. DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1965-66, pRSTha 34. 4. vahI pRSTha 38. 5. vahI pRSTha 45. 6. vahI pRSTha 46. 7. vahI pRSTha 46. 8. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha samarpita jIvana, pRSTha 18.

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jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 9. DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1965-66, pRSTha 46. 10. vahI pRSTha 46. 11... vahIM pRSTha 47. 12. vahI pRSTha 48. 13. . vahI pRSTha 49. 14. vahI pRSTha 49. 15. vahI pRSTha 50. 16. vahI pRSTha 50,52. 91

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bha. pArzvanAtha upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma DaoN. (zrImati) jainamatI jaina* IsA pUrva navamI zatAbdI meM eka aise mahApuruSa kA janma huA jo. jaina dharma ke 23 veM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiM / tIrthaMkara saMsAra sAgara se pAra karane vAle dharma kA upadeza dekara jIvoM kA kalyANa kiyA karate haiM / jisa samaya bha. pArzvanAtha kA janma huA thA usa samaya dhArmika vAtAvaraNa viSama thaa| tatkAlIna ciMtana kI do viparIta dhArAyeM pravAhita ho rahI thIM / dUsare zabdoM meM tatva-ciMtaka apane-apane matAnusAra tatvoM kI vyAkhyA kara rahe the| eka ora aise logoM kI jamAta thI jo svarga ke sukhoM kA prApta karanA hI apane jIvana kA lakSya mAnatI thii| phalataH deza meM yajJoM kI * apane vizvAsAnusAra asaMkhya pazuoM kA yajJoM meM homa kiyA karate the| dUsarI ora eka svatantra cintana bhI cala rahA thaa| unhoMne apane AcAra-vicAroM kA gambhIra manana aura ninidhyAsana karane hetu vana ko apanA nivAsa banA liyA thaa| vahAM ve mauna pUrvaka tatvoM kA manana nirbAdha rUpa se kiyA karate the / yahI kAraNa hai ki ve muni kahalAte the / Rgveda meM inhIM ko vAtarazanA kahA gayA hai| tapa karanA, dAna, Arjava, ahiMsA aura satya inake jIvana ke parama mUlya the| inakI sAdhanA kA lakSya mokSa yA zAzvata sukha prApta karanA thA / isa sAdhya kI siddhi meM yajJa Adi nirarthaka yA anupayogI the / 1 aisI viSama dhArmika sthiti dekhakara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne pazuyajJoM kA virodha kiyA aura batalAyA ki ina yajJoM se sAMsArika aura zAzvata sukha kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai / parama sukha kI prApti ke lie inake dvArA diyA gayA upadeza cAturyAma (cAujjAma dhamma) ke nAma se prasiddha hai| 'cAturyAma' * zrI jaina bAlA vizrAma, dharaharA (bhojapura) bihAra

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bha. pArzvanAtha upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma 93 kA artha huA cAra saMkhyA vAle yamoM kA samUha / aba yahAM yAma zabda kI "prakRti, usake artha tathA saMkhyA para bhI uhApoha karanA Avazyaka hai / yAma kA artha 'yAma' zabda yam dhAtu meM dhama pratyaya lagAne se banA hai / isakA artha niyaMtraNa, niSedha, saMyama aura nigraha hotA hai / yama kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "yacchati niyacchati indriyagrAmamaneneti yama" : 1 arthAt indriyoM aura mana kA niyaMtraNa jisake dvArA hotA hai vaha yama kahalAtA hai| isI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para halAyudha zabdakoSa meM yama kA artha saMyama kiyA gayA hai / 2 yAma ke bheda. yAma zabda kA artha sunizcita hone ke pazcAt yaha jAnanA jarUrI hai ki yama yA yAma keM kitane bheda haiM / jaiMnetara bhAratIya saMskRti meM yamoM kI saMkhyA dasa taka batalAI gaI hai| yathA brahmacaryadayAkSAntirdAna satyam - kalpatA / ahiMsA'steya mAdhurye damazcetiyamAH smRtAH / / ` anurAsyaM dayAsatyamahiMsA kSAntirArjavam / * prItiH prasAdo mAdhurya mArdavaM ca yamA daza / / yoga darzana meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye pAMca yama batalAye gaye haiM / jainadharma meM cAra yAma batalAye gaye haiM / rAjendra abhidhAna koza meM kahA bhI hai: "caturNa parigraha viratyantarbhUta brahmacaryatvena catusaMkhyAnAM yAmAnAM smaahaarshcaaturyaam""| arthAt parigrahavirati meM brahmacarya kA antarbhAva ho jAne se cAra yAmoM kA samUha cAturyAma hai /

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94 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - jainadharma kI digambara AmanAya meM cAturyAma zabda kA prayoga upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sthAnAMga", uttarAdhyayana sUtra Adi ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM cAturyAma dharma kI vistAra se vivecanA upalabdha hai| sthAnAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki "bharaherAvaesu NA vAsesu purimapacchimavajjA majjhibhagA bAbIsaM arahaMtA bhagavaMta cAujjAmaM dhammaM pnnviNti| taM jahA - saMvAo pANAdavAyAo veramaNaM, evaM musAvAyAo, adinnAdANAo, savvAobahiddhAdANAo veramaNaM / " arthAt bharata aura airAvata meM prathama aura aMtima tIrthakara ko chor3akara zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza diyaa| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki upadezaka do prakAra ke hone ke kAraNa dharma do prakAra kA haiN| pahalA dharma ahiMsA, asatya, acaurya, aparigraha' aura brahmacarya, jisakA upadeza prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ne diyA thaa| dUsarA dharma vaha jisakA upadeza zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne diyaa| tadAnusAra sarva prANAtipAta virati, sarvamRSAvAda virati, sarvaadattAdAna virati aura sarva bahidhAAdAna virati / ye cAra yAma haiN| sarva prANAtipAta kA artha samasta jIvoM kI hiMsA, sarvamRSAvAda kA artha samasta asatya, sarva adattAdAna kA artha sabhI prakAra kI Adeya vastu arthAt steya, sarvavahidhAdAna kA artha samasta bAhya vastu arthAt parigraha hai| ata: sampUrNa hiMsA, asatya, corI aura parigraha se viramaNa arthAt virati honA yA inakA tyAga karanA cAturyAma hai| kyoMki hiMsA Adi cAroM yama ke samAna du:khadAyI hai| isalie jisa dharma meM ina kutsita rUpa pravRttiyoM se nivRta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, vaha cAturyAma dharma kahalAtA hai| vratoM meM bhI ukta azubha pravRti kI nivRti hotI hai| ata: yahAM cAturyAma se tAtparya cAra mahAvratoM se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza kyoM diyA? aba yahAM jijJAsA hotI hai ki jaba prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne aura aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne pAMca yamoM yA vratoM kA upadeza diyA to pArzvanAtha

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bha. pArzvanAtha upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma bhagavAn ne cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza kyoM diyA ? udAharaNArtha sarvArthasiddhi ke kartA AcArya pUjyapAda ne bha. mahAvIra ko namaskAra karate hue kahA hai ki tIna gupti, pAMca samiti aura pAMca vrata rUpa teraha prakAra ke jisa caritra kA upadeza bhagavAna mahAvIra ne diyA, isake pUrva kisI tIrthaMkara meM nahIM diyA / 10 samavAyAMga meM prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ke paMcayAma kI paccIsa bhAvanAeM kahI gaI haiN|11 isa prazna kA samAdhAna uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 23veM adhyayana "kezI - gautama saMvAda" meM upalabdha haiN| zramaNa pArzvanAtha ke mahAyazasvI ziSya kezI kumAra se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mahAzasvI ziSya gautama indrabhUti ne kahA ki ukta do prakAra ke dharma dezanA kA kAraNa sAdhu-saMgha kI buddhi hai| prAcIna kAla arthAt prathama tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu Rju (sarala) aura jar3a arthAta maMda buddhi ke the| ye sAdhu dharma ke upadezoM ko saralatA se grahaNa to kara lete the, lekina buddhi jar3a hone ke kAraNa unakA kaThinatA se zuddha rUpa meM pAlana kara pAte the| antima tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ke sAdhu vakra aura jar3a buddhi ke the| vakra buddhi ke kAraNa ve.vAda-vivAda aura vikalpa jAla meM phaMsa jAte the| dUsare zabdoM meM mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko UhApoha se samajha to lete the lekina jar3a buddhi hone ke kAraNa unakA pAlana nirdoSa rUpa se nahIM kara pAte the| yahI kAraNa hai ki prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ne pAMca mahAvrata rUpa dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| isake viparIta zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu sarala aura prajJAvAna hone ke kAraNa sAdhu-dharma kA saralatA se samajha lete the aura buddhipUrvaka nirdoSa pAlana bhI kiyA karate the|12 uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ne ziSyoM kI buddhi ke anusAra upadeza diye haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne apane sAdhuoM kI buddhi ko jAnakara cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ziSya 'bahiddhI' kA artha strI ke prati Asakti evaM vAsanA ko Antarika parigraha samajha kara bAhya parigraha kI taraha usakA bhI tyAga karate the|13 isalie pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ko paMcayAma dharma kA upadeza dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'ii| arthAt unhoMne brahmacarya kA upadeza denA Avazyaka nahIM maanaa|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kyA bahiddhA AdANa viramaNa meM brahmacarya mahAvrata kA antarbhAva hai? cAturyAma dharma kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki kyA bahiddhAAdANa viramaNa nAmaka yAma meM brahmacarya mahAvrata kA antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai yA nahIM? isakA samAdhAna vartamAna kAlIna aMga aura upAMga sAhitya meM khojane para bhI anupalabdha hai / TIkAoM meM vizeSa kara uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM zAntyAcArya ne yaha mAnA hai ki brahmacarya vrata kA antarbhAva bahiddhAAdANa viramaNa meM huA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne cAturyAma dharma ko brahmacaryAtmaka pAMcaveM mahAvrata sahita kahA hai / 14. 96 aba TIkAkAra ke ukta kathana ko tarka kI kasauTI para kasanA jarUrI hai| yadi ukta kathana satya hai to yaha mAnanA par3egA ki bhagavAn RSabha deva dvArA upadiSTa pAMca zikSA rUpa dharma ko saMkucita kara ajitanAtha se pArzvanAtha paryanta tIrthaMkaroM ne cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza diyA hai aura punaH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma kA vistAra kara paMcayAma (pAMca mahAvratoM) kA upadeza diyA hai| lekina aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki uttarAdhyayana ke kathana se mela nahIM khAtA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke ziSya kezI kumAra ne pAMca mahAvrata rUpa dharma svIkAra kiyA thA / 15 vahAM yaha nahIM kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne cAturyAma kA vibhAjana kara paMcayAma dharma mAnA thaa| isase siddha hai ki cauthe yAma meM brahmacarya mahAvrata samAviSTa nahIM hai| zaurasenI sAhitya aura cAturyAma aba yaha vicAraNIya hai ki zaurasenI sAhitya meM kyA cAturyAma sUcaka zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai yA nahIM? vaTTaTakera ke mUlAcAra ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki jisa artha meM cAturyAma dharma kA prayoga huA hai, usI artha meM mUlAcAra meM "sAmAyika saMyama" kA prayoga huA hai| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki pahile aura antima tIrthaMkara "chedopasthApanA" kA upadeza dete haiM aura ajitanAtha ke pArzvanAtha paryanta tIrthaMkara sAmAyika saMyama kA upadeza dete

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bha. pArzvanAtha upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma haiN|16 isakA kAraNa vahI hai jo uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM batalAyA gayA hai| arthAt prathama tIrthaMkara ke ziSya Rju svabhAva ke hote haiM, isalie unheM kaThinAI se nirmala kiyA jAtA hai aura antima tIrthaMkara ke ziSya vakra svabhAva ke hote haiM, isalie bahuta kaThinAI se unheM sahI mArga para lagAyA jA sakatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pUrvavartI aura pAzcAtya-vartI tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSya kalpa (ucita), akalpa (anucita) ko spaSTa rUpa se nahIM jAnate the| tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki mahAvratoM ko samajhanA samajhAnA, vibhAga aura vizleSaNa karanA sarala hotA hai, isalie una donoM tIrthaMkaroM ne chedopasthApanA saMyama kA upadeza diyA hai|17 . - - - - yahAM para saMkSepa meM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA saMyama kA artha aMkita karanA Avazyaka hai| ... sAmAyika : vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra meM sAvadha yoga ke tyAma karane ko sAmAyika kahA hai| tatvArtha sUtra ke TIkAkAra pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ne samasta pApoM se nivRta hone rUpa sAmAyika kI apekSA eka vrata kahA hai| aura vahIM chedopasthApanA kI apekSA pAMca prakAra kA batalAyA hai|19 chedopasthApanA : sAmAyika saMyama ke vibhAjana ko chedopasthApanA kahate haiN| vasunandi ne isakA artha pA~ca mahAvrata kiyA hai| 20 / * * isI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA saMyama kA artha sunizcita kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti meM kahA gayA hai ki sAmAyika karane se cAturyAma dharma kA pAlana hotA hai aura sAmAyika kA vibhAjana kara pAMca yamoM meM sthita honA chedopasthApaka haiN|21 . uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUlAcAra meM jise sAmAyika kahA gayA hai, usI ko sthAnAMga vyAkhyA prajJapti Adi meM cAturyAma kahA gayA hai aura mUlAcAra meM jise chedopasthApanA saMyama kahA gayA hai usI ko uttarAdhyayana meM 'paMca-sikkhiyA' nAmaka dharma kahA gayA hai| isI ko paMcayAma bhI kahA hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn

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98 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pArzvanAtha ne sAmAyika dharma kA upadeza diyA thA, jisakA pAlana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA bhI karate the / usI sAmAyika cAritra ko svIkAra kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dIkSA lI thI / saMdarbha 1. vAmana zivarAma ApTe saMskRta-hindI koza, pR. 830. 2. vahI, pR. 549. 3. yAjJavalkIya smRti, 3,13. 4. abhidhAna rAjendra koza, tRtIya bhAga, pR. 1968 5. 6. 7. caturtha sthAna, prathama uddhezaka, sUtra 136: 8. catvAro yamA evaM yAmA nivRttayo yasmina sa tathA / tadevacAturyAmam cartumahAvratyAma / abhidhAna rAjendra koza, tRtIya bhAga pR. 1968. 9. sthAnAMga, caturtha sthAna, prathama uddhezaka, sUtra 136,137 uttarAdhyayana, 23 vA adhyayana cAujjAmo ya jo ghammo jo imo paMca sikkhio desio vaddhamANeNa pAseNa ya mahAmRNI / / egakajja pavannANaM, visese kiM nu kAraNaM dhamme duvihe mehAvi! kahaM vippaccao na te / / uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23/12 evaM 24. 10. tisa: sattama guptayastanu manobhASAnimitto dyaaH| paMceyArdisamAzrayAH samatiyaH paMcavratAnItyapi / cAritropahitaM trayodazatayaM pUrva na dRSTaM parai / rAcAraM parameSTinoM jina patervIraM namAmo vayam / / A. pUjyapAdaH cAritra bhakti, zloka 7 19. purima- pacchima gayANaM titthagarANaM paMcajAmasya paNavIsaM bhAvaNAoM paNNao / samavAya, 25. 12. purimA ujjujaDA u vaMkajaDA ya pcchimaa| majjhimA ujjupannA ya teNa dhamme duA kae / / purimANaM duvvisojjho ucarimANaM duraNupAlao /

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bha. pArzvanAtha upadiSTa cAturyAma dharma kappo majjhimagANaM tu suvisojho supaalo|| uttarAghyayana sUtra, adhyayana 23, gAthA 2627. 13. bahiddhAsAo ti bahiddhA maithunaM parigraha vizeSa: AdAnaM ca parigraha, tayordvandaikatvama / athavA AdIyataM ityAdAnaM parigrama vastu tacca dharmokaraNamapi bhavatItyata Aha vadistAddhammopa-karaNAdvihiryAditi, ica ca maithunaM parigrahe 'ntarbhavati na parigRhItA yoSitA yujyata iti.....iyaM ca bhAvanAmadhyamatI tIrtha karANAM vaidehikAnAM ca cAturyAmaka 'dharmasya pUrva pazcima tIrthakara yozca paJcayAma dharmasya prarUpaNA ziSyApekSayA paramArthastu paJcayAmasyaivobhayeSAmapyasau yata: prathama pazcima tIrthaMkara tIrthasAdhava: RjujaDA: vakra jaDamceti, tatvAdeva parigraho varjanIya ityupadiSTo maithuna varjanama borbu pAlayituM ca ma kssmaaH| madhyamavidehaja tIrthaMkara tIrthasAdhavastu Rju prajJA tadvoddhaM varjAyitu / ca kssmaaiti| abhidhAna rAjendra koza, tRtIya bhAga, pR. 1168. 14 (ka). cAturyAma... saeva maithuna viramaNAtmaka: paJcavrata sahitaH / praphulla kumAra modI: pAsaNAhacariu (prAkRtagrantha pariSad, vArANasI, san 1965) prastAvanA, pR. 47. (kha). bahiddhANyAo ti bahiddhA maithunaM parigraha vizeSa: .... / abhidhAna rAjendra koza, - 3, pR. 1168. 15. paMca mahavvaya dhamma paDivajjaI bhaavo| puramassa pacchimaMmI magge- tattha sukhAvahe / / uttarAdhyayana sUtra, gAthA, 23/87. * 16. bAbIsaM titthaparA sAmAyiya saMjayaM updisNti| .. ' chedovaTThAvaMNiyaM puNabhayavaM usaho ya vIro ya / / mUlAcAra 7, SaDAvazyakAdhikAra, gAthA 32 AdIe duvvisodhaNa NihaNe taha suThu duraNupAle ya / purimA ya pacchimA vi hu kappAkappeNa jaannNti|| AcakkhidaM vibhAjidaM viNNAdaM cAvi suhadaraM hodi| aidaNa kAraNe du mahavvadA paMca pnnnnttaa|| mUlAcAra adhikAra 7, gAthA 33 evaM 34 18. vahI, 7/29 19. sarvasAvadha nivRtti lakSaNa sAmAyikApekSayA ekaM vrataM tadeva chedopasthApanA pekSayA paJca vidhmihocyte|

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100 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha sarvArthasiddhi (sampAdaka: paM. phUlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, san 1971) 7/1 pR. 258. 20. mUlAcAra, vasunandi TIkA (sa. DA. phUlacanda premI, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSad, san 1996) gAthA 7/33, pR. 332. 21. sAmAiyaMmi u kae cAujjAmaM aNutaraM dhammaM / tiviheNa phAsayaMto sAmAiya saMjamo sa ravalu / / chettUNa ya pariyAgaM porANaM jo Thavei appANaM / dhammAmmi paMcajAme chadovaTThAvaNao khalu / / pAsaNAhacariu (saM. pro. praphulla kumAra, prAkRta grantha pariSad) prastAvanA, pR. 48.

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI prabhAva DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina* - bhAratIya jIvana, sAhitya evaM darzana ke kSetra meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA prabhAva apratima hai| pArzva-mahAvIra - buddha yuga zramaNa saMskRti kA punarutthAna yuga mAnA jAtA hai| isa yuga meM jaina saMskRti kI vyApaka prabhAvanA vidyamAna thii| isa yuga kA AraMbha 1900 I. pU. se mAnA jAtA sakatA hai| pArzvanAtha kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva atizaya prabhAvaka thA / unakA kAla prAcIna bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti kA punarjAgaraNa kAla yA upaniSadakAla kA AraMbha bhI mAnA jAtA hai jisakA zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa donoM saMskRtiyoM para vyApaka prabhAva pdd'aa| DaoN. harmana jaikobI jaise labdha pratiSTha pazcimI vidvAna bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko aitihAsika puruSa mAnate haiN| unhoMne jainAgamoM ke sAtha hI bauddha piTakoM ke prakAza meM yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki ika, frgkfid of fir Bisi tiloyapaNNatI meM bhagavAn neminAtha ke janmakAla se 84 hajAra chaha sau pacAsa varSa bItane para tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA janma huaa| unakA janma kAzI janapada ke vArANasI nagara meM vahAM ke rAjA vizvasena kI mahArAnI vAmAdevI ke garbha se pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ko huA thaa| DA. harmana jaikobI ne pArzvanAtha ke dharma ke sambandha meM likhA hai, "zrI. pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kA dharma sarva thA, vyavahArya thaa| hiMsA, asatya, steya aura parigraha kA tyAga karanA yaha cAturyAma saMvaravAda unakA dharma thA / " isakA unhoMne bhArata bhara meM pracAra kiyA / itane prAcIna kAla meM ahiMsA ko itanA suvyavasthita rUpa dene kA yaha sarvaprathama udAharaNa hai| IsavI san se ATha zatAbdI pUrva bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne cAturyAma kA jo upadeza diyA thA vaha kAla atyanta prAcIna hai aura vaha upaniSada kAla balki usase bhI prAcIna ThaharatA hai / * jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU~ - nAgora (rAja.)

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ke cAturyAma dharma kA prabhAva atyanta dUragAmI huA / usake bAda jitane dharma saMsthApaka hue unhoMne apane dharma siddhAntoM kI racanA meM pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAmoM se sahAyatA lii| isameM AjIvaka mata ke saMsthApaka gozAlaka aura bauddha dharma ke saMsthApaka buddha mukhya haiM / bhagavAn buddha ke jIvana para to cAturyAma kI gaharI chApa thii| prAraMbha meM ve pArzvanAtha sampradAya ke pihitAstrava muni ke ziSya buddha - kIrti nAma se bane the| Age calakara unhoMne jisa aSTAGgika mArga kA pravartana kiyA usameM cAturyAma kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / 102 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI vANI meM karuNA, madhuratA aura zAnti kI triveNI eka sAtha pravAhita hotI thI / pariNAmataH jana-jana ke mana para unakI vANI kA maMgalamayI prabhAva par3A, jisase hajAroM hI nahIM lAkhoM loga unake ananya bhakta bana gaye / pArzvanAtha ke samaya tApasa paramparA kA prAbalya thA / loga tapa ke nAma para jo ajJAna kaSTa calA rahe the prabhu ke upadezoM se usakA prabhAva kama par3a gyaa| adhika saMkhyA meM logoM ne Apake vivekayukta tapa se nava preraNA prApta kii| Apake jJAna vairAgyapUrNa upadeza se tapa kA sahI rUpa nikhara AyA / pippalAda jo usa samaya kA pratiSThita vaidika RSi thA usake upadezoM para bhI Apake upadezoM kI praticchAyA spaSTa rUpa se jhalakatI hai| unakA kahanA thA ki prANa yA cetanA jaba zarIra se pRthaka ho jAtI hai taba vaha zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai| vaha nizcita rUpa se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke "pudgalamaya" zarIra se jIva ke pRthaka hone para vighaTana " isa siddhAnta kI anukRti hai / 'pippalAda' kI navIna dRSTi se nikale hue IzvaravAda se pramANita hotA hai kiM unakI vicAra dhArA para pArzva kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / prakhyAta brAhmaNa RSi 'bhAradvAja' jinakA astitva bauddha dharma se pUrva hai, pArzvanAtha kAla meM eka svataMtra muNDaka sampradAya ke netA the|' bauddhoM ke aMguttaranikAya meM unake mata kI gaNanA muNDaka zrAvaka se kI gayI hai / 7 rAjavArtika grantha meM unheM kriyAvAdI Astika ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai / '

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103 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI prabhAva muNDaka mata ke loga vana meM rahane vAle, pazu yajJa karane vAle tApasoM tathA gRhastha viproM se apane Apako pRthaka dikhAne ke lie sira muMDAkara bhikSAvRti se apanA udara poSaNa karate the kintu veda se unakA virodha nahIM thaa| unake isa mata para pArzvanAtha ke dharmopadeza kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka vidvAna ne unakI paribhASA jaina sampradAya ke antargata kI hai, para unakI jaina sampradAya meM parigaNanA yuktiyukta pratIta nahIM hotii| ... naciketA jo ki upaniSadakAlIna eka vaidika RSi the, unake vicAroM para bhI pArzvanAtha kI spaSTa chApa. dikhAI par3atI hai| ve bhAradvAja ke samakAlIna the tathA jJAna yajJa ko mAnate the| unakI mAnyatA meM mukhya aMga the, indriya nigraha, dhyAnavRddhi, AtmA ke anIzvara svarUpa kA cintana tathA zarIra aura AtmA kA pRthaka bodh| isI taraha "kAtyAyana" jo ki mahAtmA buddha ke pUrva hue the tathA jAti se brAhmaNa the, unakI vicAradhArA para bhI pArzvanAtha ke mantavyoM kA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| ve zIta jala meM jIva mAna kara usake upayoga ko dharma viruddha mAnate the, jo pArzvanAtha kI zramaNa paramparA se prApta hai| unakI kucha anya mAnyatAeM bhI pArzvanAtha kI mAnyatAoM se mela rakhatI haiN| . bauddha vAGamaya ke prakANDa vidvAna paM. dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne likhA hai "nirgranthoM ke zrAvaka 'vappa' zAkya ke ullekha se spaSTa hai ki nirgranthoM kA cAturyAma dharma zAkya deza meM pracalita thA, parantu aisA ullekha nahIM milatA ki usa deza meM nirgranthoM kA koI Azrama ho| isase aisA lagatA hai ki nirgrantha zramaNa bIca-bIca meM zAkya deza meM jAkara apane dharma kA upadeza kaste the| zAkyoM meM AlArakAlAma ke zrAvaka adhika the kyoMki unakA Azrama kapilavastu nagara meM hI thaa| AlAra ke samAdhigrAma kA adhyayana gautama bodhisatva ne bacapana meM hI kiyaa| phira gRhatyAga karane para ve prathamata: AlAra ke hI Azrama meM gae aura unhoMne yoga mArga kA Age adhyayana prAraMbha kiyaa| AlAra ne unheM samAdhi kI sAta sIr3hiyAM dikhAI phira ve udrakarAma putra ke pAsa gae aura usase samAdhi kI AThavIM sIr3hI sIkhI kintu itane se hI unheM santoSa nahIM huA kyoMki usa samAdhi se

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha mAnava-mAnava ke bIca hone vAle vivAda kA aMta honA saMbhava nahIM thA / taba bodhisatva 'udrakarAma putra' kA Azrama chor3akara rAjagRha cale gye| vahAM ke zramaNa samudAya meM unheM zAyada nirgranthoM kA cAturyAma saMvara hI vizeSa pasanda AyA kyoMki Age calakara unhoMne jisa Arya aSTAMgika mArga kA AviSkAra kiyA, usameM cAturyAma kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| 104 jaina zvetAmbara AgamoM meM anyAnya tIrthaMkaroM kA 'arahA' vizeSaNa se hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai jaise 'usabheNaM arahA' 'sIyaleNaM arahA' 'saMtissaNaM arahao' aadi| parantu pArzvanAtha kA paricaya dete samaya AgamoM meM likhA hai 'pAseNaM arahA purisAdANIe' 'pAsassaNaM arahao purisAdANiassa' / " usase pramANita hotA hai ki AgamakAla meM bhI pArzvanAtha kI koI khAsa viziSTatA mAnI jAtI thI / anyathA unake nAma se pahale vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM 'arahA ariTThanemI' kI taraha 'pAseNaM arahA' kevala itanA hI likhA jAtA / 'purisAdAnIya' kA artha hotA hai puruSoM meM AdarapUrvaka nAma lene yogyaM / mahAvIra ke viziSTa tapa ke kAraNa jaise unake nAma ke sAtha 'samaNeM bhagavaM mahAvIra' likhA jAtA hai vaise hI pArzvanAtha ke nAma ke sAtha aMga zAstroM meM 'purisadANI' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai / ata: yaha vizeSaMNa unakI viziSTa prabhAvakatA kA nidaza karatA hai 1 pArzvanAtha kI vANI kA aisA prabhAva thA ki usase bar3e-bar3e rAjA mahArAjA bhI prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sake / vrAtya kSatriya saba jaina dharma ke hI upAsaka the| pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM kaI aise rAjya the jinake pArzvanAtha hI iSTadeva mAne jAte the / DaoN. jyoti prasAda ke anusAra unake samaya meM pUrva pazcima, uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM prabala nAga sattAyeM rAjatantroM athavA gaNatantroM ke rUpa meM udita ho cukI thI aura una logoM ke iSTadeva pArzvanAtha hI rahe pratIta hote haiN| isake atirikta madhya evaM pUrvI dezoM meM adhikAMza vrAtya kSatriya bhI pArzva ke upAsaka the| licchivi Adi ATha kuloM meM

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI prabhAva vibhAjita vaizAlI aura videha ke zaktizAlI vajjigaNa meM to pArzva kA dharma hI lokapriya dharma thaa| kaliMga ke zaktizAlI rAjA 'karakaMDu' jo ki eka aitihAsika nareza the, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke hI tIrtha meM utpanna hue the aura unake upAsaka usa yuga ke Adarza nareza the| rAjapATa kA tyAga kara jaina muni ke rUpa meM unhoMne tapasyA kI aura sadgati prApta kI, aisA ullekha hai| isake atirikta pAMcAla nareza durmukha yA dvimukha, vidarbha nareza bhIma aura gAndhAra nareza nAgajita yA nAgAti tIrthaMkara pArzva ke samasAmayika nareza the|12 . ... bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke lokavyApI prabhAva kA mUla kAraNa thA ki unhoMne sarvAdhika sthAnoM para vihAra kiyaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA vihAra jina dezoM meM huA thA una dezoM meM aMga, baMga, kaliMga, magadha, kAzI, kauzala, avanti, kurU, pANDu, mAlava, pAMcAla, vidarbha, dazArNa, saurASTra, karnATaka, koMkaNa, sATa, kaccha, kazmIra, soNa, pallava aura AbhIra deza the| aise bhI pramANa milate haiM ki ve tibbata meM padhAre the| bhagavAn ne jina dezoM meM vihAra kiyA thA vahAM sarvasAdhAraNa para unakA vyApaka prabhAva par3A aura ve unake bhakta bana ge|13 - baMgAla rAjya meM prApta jaina avazeSoM ke paridhi kSetra ke antargata nivAsa 'karane vAlI jAtiyoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue zrI sarasI kumAra sarasvatI ne apanA mata isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai: baMgAla meM jaina avazeSa una sthAnoM se prApta hue haiM. jahAM kabhI jaina mandira yA saMsthAna rahe the| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yaha kSetra bahuta lambe samaya se una logoM kA nivAsa sthAna rahA hai jinheM zarAka' nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ye loga kRSi para nirbhara rahate haiM tathA kaTTara rUpa se ahiMsAvAdI haiN| risale ne apanI pustaka 'TrAibsa eNDa kAsTsa oNpha baMgAla' meM batAyA hai ki loharaDAgA ke zarAka Aja bhI pArzvanAtha ko apanA eka vizeSa devatA mAnate haiM tathA yaha bhI mAnya hai ki isa janajAti kA 'zarAka' nAma zrAvaka se banA hai, jisakA artha jaina dharma ke anuyAyI gRhastha se hai| ye samasta sAkSya saMketita karate haiM ki zarAka mUlata: zrAvaka the, isa bAta kA samarthana unakI paramparA bhI karatI hai| isa sarvekSaNa se yaha

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- 106 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma pUrva bhArata meM eka sugaThita samudAya ke rUpa meM rahA hai jisake saMrakSaka zarAka vaMzIya mukhiyA hote the|" . zarAka jAti ke loga baMgAla ke atirikta bihAra evaM ur3IsA meM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM pAye jAte haiN| isake atirikta medinIpura jile ke sadgopoM, ur3IsA kI 'raMgiyA' jAti ke logoM, alaka bAbA Adi ke jIvana vyavahAra ke dekhane se una para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke dharma kA amiTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| yadyapi bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko lagabhaga tIna hajAra varSa vyatIta ho cuke haiM phira bhI unakI bhakti kA prakAza ye loga Aja taka apane hRdaya meM saMjoe rakhe haiN| ina jAtiyoM ke atirikta zrI sammeda zikhara ke nikaTa rahane vAlI bhIla jAti bhI zrI pArzvanAtha kI ananya bhakta hai| isa jAti ke loga makara sakrAnti ke dina zrI sammeda zikharaM kI sabhI TokoM kI vandanA karate haiM aura zrI pArzvanAtha ToMka para ekatrita hokara utsava manAte haiM tathA gIta evaM nRtya kA kAryakrama karate haiN|15. bhAratavarSa kI sabhI pramukha bhASAoM jaise saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza Adi meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke Upara likhe gae aneka kAvya upalabdha haiM jina kA ullekha DaoN jayakumAra jaina ne apane mahatvapUrNa zodhaprabandha 'pArzvanAtha carita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' meM kiyA hai jaise jinasena praNIta pArvAbhyudaya, vAdirAja sUrIkRta pArzvanAthacarita, padmakIrti kA pAsaNAhacariu, devadattakRta pAsaNAhacariu, vivudha zrIdharakRta pAsaNAhacariu Adi / 16. . tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI bhakti meM aneka stotra kA AcAryoM ne sRjana kiyA hai jaise zrIpura pArzvanAtha stotra, kalyANa mandira stotra, indranandi kRta pArzvanAthastotra, rAjasenakRta pArzvanAthASTaka, padmaprabhamaladhArIdeva kRta pArzvanAthastotra, vidyAnandikRta pArzvanAtha stotra, aadi| stotra racanA ArAdhya deva ke prati bahumAna pradarzana evaM ArAdhya ke atizaya kA pratiphala hai| ata: ina stotroM kI bahulatA bhI bha. pArzvanAtha ke atizaya prabhAvakatA kA sUcaka hai|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA lokavyApI prabhAva 107 pro. jagadIza gupta ne aneka tathyoM ko nirUpita karate hue likhA hai 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mahattA nAgapUjA, yakSa pUjA aura sUryapUjA se samarthita hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM unakI kitanI lokapriyatA rahI hai aura kitane rUpoM meM unheM citrita evaM utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai / bhAratIya kalAkAroM ne kitanI tanmayatA se unake svarUpa ko apanI kalpanA se samRddha kiyA hai| nAga chatra ke bhI kitane rUpa milate haiM yaha pArzvanAtha jI kI asaMkhya pratimAoM ke anuzIlana se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| merI dRSTi meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie mahAvIra svAmI aura gautama buddha ke bAda yadi koI jaina tIrthaMkara kalAtmaka dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai to pArzvanAtha hI haiM / 17 tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke upadezoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne inako sArvajanika banAne kA prayatna kiyaa| kisI kA virodha karane ke lie hI bhagavAn pArzva ne cAturyAma dharma kI sthApanA nahIM kI thI apitu manuSya ke bIca zatrutA naSTa hokara samAja meM sukha zAMti rahe yahI unakA uddezya thaa| unake dvArA pratipAdita dharma vyApakatA lie hue thA isI kAraNa Az2a bhI ve jana-jana kI AsthA ke kendra bane hue haiM / bhAratIya saMskRti meM unakA lokottara prabhAva hai| pariNAmasvarUpa Aja aneka sthAnoM para unakI mUrtiyAM upalabdha haiM / Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki jahAM pArzvanAtha kI upAsanA karane vAlI jAtiyAM vidyamAna haiM unakA sarvekSaNa karAkara mUladhArA ke sAtha jor3ane hetu yojanAyeM banAkara saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA jAe / saMdarbha 1. "That Parsva was a historical person, is now admitted by all as very probable........." The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV: Introduction page 21.

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108 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 2. pANNAsAdhiya chassayaculasI disahassa vssprivtte| Nemi jiNuppattIdo, uppattI pAsaNAhassa / / tiloyapaNNatI gAthA 583. 3. DaoN. harmana jaikobI, pariziSTa parva pR. 9.. 4. DaoN. harmana jaikobI, pariziSTa parva pR. 6. 4. Cambridge History of India, Part I. page 1806. Bilongs of the Boudha, Part II, Page 227. vAtarazanA. 8. tatvArthavArtika. 9. vRhadAravyakopaniSada 4/3/22. 10. pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma, pR. 14. 11. samavAyAMga, kalpa sUtra Adi 12. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi. ... 13. DaoN. nIlama jaina : sarAka kSetra, pR. 25. 14. pro. sarasI kumAra sarasvatI : jaina kalA evaM sthApatya, khaMDa 2, pRSTa 277. 15. DaoN. nIlama jaina : sarAka kSetra, pR. 26. . 16. DaoN. jaya kumAra jaina : pArzvanAtha carita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 48. 17. bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAhitya meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, smArikA, pR. 26.

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA nAga jAti - DaoN. anila kumAra jaina' ___ tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika vyakti the / bauddha sAhitya se bhI inakI aitihAsikatA siddha hotI hai| DaoN. jekobI tathA DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina bauddha granthoM ke AdhAra para mAnate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva bhI zramaNa saMskRti maujUda thii| isa saMskRti se jur3e loga nirgrantha vicAradhArA ko mAnate the tathA pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the| pArzvanAtha nAga vaMzIya the| prAcIna bauddha anuzruti meM inake pitA azvasena kA. 'asabha' nAma se ullekha huA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI azvasena nAmaka eka prasiddha tatkAlIna nAga nareza kA ullekha milatA hai| pArzvanAtha ke pitA uraga vaMzIya the jo ki nAga jAti kI hI eka zAkhA thii| kucha logoM kA mata hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pratimA para sarpa dikhAye jAne kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI haiM ki ye nAga vaMzIya the| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha se pUrva nAga jAti kA Adhipatya kahAM-kahAM thA tathA inakI saMskRti tathA sabhyatA kaisI . . thI, yaha jAnane se pUrva prAcIna bhArata kI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA para vicAra * kara lenA Avazyaka hai| ..' prAcIna bhArata kI sabhyatAyeM * AryoM ne bhArata kI saMskRti ko sarvAdhika prabhAvita kiyaa| lekina AryoM ke bhArata meM jamane se pUrva yahAM kaI saMskRtiyAM vikasita thiiN| draviDa, vidyAdhara, nAga tathA siMdhu saMskRtiyAM inameM pramukha thiiN| kucha vidvAna siMdhu saMskRti evaM vaidika saMskRti ko eka mAnate haiN| lekina sara jAna mArzala ke anusAra ye donoM saMskRtiyAM bilkula bhinna thiiN| unakA kathana hai ki "siMdhu * ahamadAbAda

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10 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha saMskRti evaM vaidika saMskRti ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hotI hai ki ina donoM saMskRtiyoM meM paraspara koI sambandha yA samparka nahIM thaa| vaidika dharma sAmAnyatayA amUrti pUjaka hai jaba ki mohanajodar3o evaM har3appA meM mUrti pUjA sarvatra spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai| mohanajodar3o ke makAnoM meM havana kuNDoM kA sarvathA abhAva hai| - pro. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra siMdhu ghATI kI sabhyatA ko jaina dharma se sambandhita mAnate haiN| unake anusAra vahAM se prApta eka mudrA (naM. 449) para 'jinezvara' (jina iisaraha) zabda likhA huA hai| kAyotsarga mudrA meM prApta mUrtiyAM bhI isa ora hI izArA karatI haiM ki siMdhu ghATI kI sabhyatA jaina dharma se sambandhita thii| rAjasthAna ke gaMgAnagara jile meM sotI aura kaTotI ke utkhanana se prApta purAtatvIya sAmagrI se bhI lagatA hai ki vahAM bhI vaidika dharma ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma kA pracAra thaa| sotI aura kaTotI sarasvatI kI ghATI meM sthita hai tathA har3appA saMskRti se sambandhita hai| nAga vaMza kA utkarSa __ pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra Arya jAti ke bhAratavarSa para apanI goTI jamAne se pUrva isa deza meM nAga vaMza ke rAjA,zAsana karate the| isa vaMza ne bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna sthAnoM tathA siMhala para hI zAsana nahIM kiyA balki sindhu nadI ke pazcimI kSetroM meM bhI vistAra kiyaa| inakA rAjya vistAra kAmarUpa (AsAma) se le kara sudUra pazcima meM aphrIkA tathA misra Adi dezoM taka phailA huA thaa| aphrIkA meM bhI nAga jAti kA Adhitya thA, isake kucha pramANa milate haiN| itihAsa, purANoM ke anusAra nAga vaMzI pAtAla loka meM bhI rAjya karate the| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki aphrIkA hI pAtAla loka hai| Aja bhI aphrIkA ke aneka deza tala yA tAla ke nAma ke sAtha haiM, jaise tala agaraba, tala billA. tala amarIna, tala hazunA, tela abIba aadi| vidyAdhara jAti bhI nAgoM se sambandhita thii| isakA bhI aphrIkA ke kucha bhAga meM zAsana thaa| rAvaNa ke pUrvaja mAlI, sumAlI tathA mAlyavAna

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111 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA nAga jAti kisI Arya nareza se parAjita hokara laMkA chor3a pAtAla (aphrIkA) cale gye| ina tInoM bhAiyoM ke nAma para Aja bhI mAlI, sumAlI tathA malAnI (mAlyavAna) deza aphrIkA meM haiN| misra ke bArahaveM vaMza ke itihAsa meM ullikhita hai ki misra ko usa samaya eka ajJAta vaMza kI jAti ne jIta liyA, jisakA nAma hiksAsa (yakSa - rAkSasa) thaa| ye loga pUrva (bhArata) se Aye the| isa yakSa jAti ke lagabhaga do sau zAsakoM ne misra meM 1590 varSa zAsana kiyaa| rAmAyaNa ke varNana ko isa aitihAsika varNana se milAne para nizcita ho jAtA hai ki bhArata se bhAgakara yakSa-rAkSasa hI aphrIkA ke misra Adi dezoM ko rauMdate huye vahAM zAsana karane lage aura basa gye| bhAratIya aitihAsika gaNanA se yaha ghaTanA Aja se lagabhaga 7200 varSa pUrva kI hai|" - misra kA prathama rAjavaMza nAga thaa| zizumAra isakA prAraMbhika rAjA thaa| isakA putra nAgarAja, ke nAma se prasiddha huA - usako skorpiyana bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa vaMza ke sabhI rAjAoM ko 'aha' (ahi) kahA jAtA thaa| purANoM se spaSTa hai ki nAga puruSoM ko ahi, sarpa, nAga Adi bhI kahA jAtA thaa| sAiklopIDiyA oNpha iNDiyA' bhAga-11, pRSTha 1042 ke anusAra to nAga vaMza kA uttarI amerIkA taka prabhAva thaa| AbI DamIneka ne likhA hai ki uttarI amerIkA meM zaka jAtIya nAga vaMza kA AvirbhAva huA thaa| isa nAga vaMza ne lidIyAnoM kA rAjya bhI jIta liyA thaa|6|| ___DaoN. henarika jimmara ne "philaoNsaphIja oNpha iNDiyA" nAmaka grantha meM sIriyA se prApta IsA pUrva 1450 kI mudrA kA varNana kiyA hai| isa mudrA para aMkita eka khar3I huI mUrti hai tathA sAtha meM sarpa hai| yaha mUrti bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI (sarpa yukta) mUrti se sAmya rakhatI hai| isa mUrti se do bAteM siddha hotI haiN| eka to yaha ki sIriyA meM I.pUrva 1450 se pahale digambara yogI the tathA dUsare ve nAgoM se saMbaMdhita the| hameM to lagatA hai ki yaha mUrti

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112 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kI hai| inakI mUrtiyoM ko bhI sarpayukta banAne kA pracalana rahA hai| uparokta sabhI bAteM yaha siddha karatI haiM ki nAgoM kA prabhAva na kevala bhArata taka hI rahA balki vizva ke kaI dezoM meM bhI rahA hai| Aryo kA udaya AryoM ke mUla sthAna ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM bar3A matabheda hai| kucha ke anusAra ye madhya eziyA ke rahane vAle the, jaba. ki kucha anya kA mAnanA hai ki ye bhArata deza ke hI mUla nivAsI the| kAlAntara meM ye madhya eziyA meM visthApita ho gye| bAda meM ye puna: sindhu nadI ko pAra karake bhArata meM aaye| ___ jo bhI ho, itanA nizcita hai ki AryoM ne bhArata meM pazcimottara dizA se praveza kiyaa| inhoMne anekoM yuddha kiye tathA zanaiH zanai: gaMgA nadI ke taTa taka phaila gye| AryoM ne sindhu nadI tathA gaMgA nadI ke madhya ke kSetra meM adhikAMza bhAgoM meM apane rAjya sthApita kara lie| lekina isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki isa kSetra se nAga jAti bilkula. samApta ho gaI thii| hAM, itanA avazya hai ki isa kSetra meM inakI zakti bahuta kama ho gaI thii| Arya loga inheM hIna bhAvanA se dekhate the tathA svayaM ko inase zreSTha samajhate the| jaba nAgoM kI zakti bhArata meM kama ho gaI to inhoMne apanI zakti sindhu ke pazcimI kSetroM meM kendrita kii| rAmAyaNa se mahAbhArata taka ke madhya kA samaya AryoM kA utkarSa kAla thaa| mahAbhArata ke yuddha ke pazcAt AryoM kI zakti bahuta kama ho gaI thii| mahAbhArata ke uparAnta uttara bhArata meM vaidika kSatriyoM ke bAraha rAjya the - vatsa, kurU, pAMcAla, zUrasena, kosala, kAzI, pUrva videha, magadha, kaliMga, avanti, mahiNmatI aura azyaka / inameM se kurU, pAMcAla, kosala, videha aura kAzI prAya: vedAnuyAyI Arya kSatriyoM ke the| inake atirikta jo anya rAjya pUrva, pazcima, uttara aura dakSiNa meM sthita the ve prAya: zramaNopAsaka kSatriyoM ke the|

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113 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA nAga jAti bhArata meM nAgoM kA punarutthAna uparokta 12 rAjya vaMzoM meM bhI sarvapradhAna rAjya kurUdeza meM hastinApura ke purU, kurU athavA pANDava vaMziyoM kA thaa| arjuna kA pautra parIkSita inakA adhIzvara thaa| kintu usake samaya meM hI vaidika AryoM kI bar3hatI huI zakti ke sammukha cirakAla se dabI rahI nAga Adi jAtiyAM phira se yatra-tatra sira uThAne lgiiN| pazcimottara pradeza kI takSazilA aura sindhu mukha kI pAtAlapurI ke nAga vizeSa prabala ho utthe| navIna utsAha se jAgRta, vizeSakara takSazilA ke nAgoM ne kurU rAjya ke Upara bhISaNa AkramaNa zurU kara diye| unake sAtha yuddha meM hI parIkSita kI mRtyu huii| nAgoM kI bar3hatI huI zakti kA parIkSita ke uttarAdhikArI adhika samaya taka mukAbalA nahIM kara ske| dhIre-dhIre vedAnuyAyI kSatriya rAjya zakti kA kama se kama kurU pradeza meM anta ho gyaa| tadanantara nAgoM ne usa para adhikAra kara liyaa| tabhI se gajapura yA hastinApura kA nAma nAgapura yA hastinAMgapura bhI pracalita huaa| yaha ghaTanA lagabhaga nauvIM-dasavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva kI hai| isI samaya ke lagabhaga videha,tathA vaizAlI meM bhI krAnti huI tathA yahAM bhI zramaNopAsaka gaNarAjya sthApita ho gye| kAzI meM bhI uraga yA nAga vaMzI vrAtya kSatriyoM kA rAjya sthApita ho gyaa| isa vaMza meM brahmadatta nAma kA bar3A pratApI cakravartI samrATa huaa| AThavIM zatI IsA pUrva meM magadha meM bhI rAjya-viplava huA tathA sattA parivartita ho gii| isa prakAra dhIre-dhIre vaidika paramparA zithila hone lagI tathA nAgoM kA prabhAva bar3hane ___ nAgoM kI isI paramparA meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pitA azvasena kAzI ke nareza the| pArzvanAtha ke bAda mahApratApI nAga vaMzI rAjA karakaMDu huA jo pArzvanAtha kA anuyAyI thaa| zrI nagendra nAtha basu likhate haiM ki "itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM ki I. san ke 681 varSa pahale nAga rAjagaNa prabala pratApa se vahAM rAjya zAsana karate the|" ata: bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pazcAt bhI nAgoM kA acchA prabhAva rahA hai|

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114 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ____ bhArata meM pahalI - dUsarI zatAbdI taka nAgoM kA prabhAva thaa| zrI nagendranAtha basa likhate haiM ki "navanAga kI jitanI bhI mudrAe~ pAI gaI haiM, una para vRhaspati nAga, devanAga, gaNapatinAga Adi nAma khude hue haiN| isase sApha-sApha mAlUma hotA hai ki nAga vaMzIya rAjagaNa pahalI aura dUsarI zatAbdI meM rAjya karate the| isa nava nAga kI rAjadhAnI naravara meM thii| viSNu purANa meM naravara padmAvatI nAma se prasiddha hai| ukta nAgavaMzadharoM ne kAntipurI aura mathurA meM vijaya patAkA ur3AI thii| mAlavA kA 'kuMcha aMza bhI unake adhikAra meM thaa|"6 nAgoM kA dharma tathA saMskRti nAgoM ko asura, yakSa yA rAkSasa nAma se bhI sambodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| Arya loga apanoM ko deva tathA indra Adi nAmoM se sambodhita karate the| rAkSasoM tathA devoM kI saMskRti meM eka vizeSa antara yaha bhI thA ki rAkSasa vanoM kI rakSA karate the tathA ve khetI ke lie adhikAdhika vana kATane ke pakSa meM nahIM the| jaba ki deva vanoM ko kATate rahate the| cUMki nAga vanoM kI rakSA karate the, isIlie ve rAkSasa yA yakSa. khlaaye| ___vastuta: indra, devatA, rAkSasa tathA asuraM adi koI alaukika vyaktitva nahIM the balki isI pRthvI ke hI nivAsI the| vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki asura rAjA prAya: ahiMsaka jaina saMskRti se saMbaddha the| ve. yakSa evaM pazu bali. zrAddha aura karmakANDa ke virodhI the| Arhata jaina-dharma kA paryAyavAcI hai| yaha bAta aura hai ki dhArmika vidveSa ke kAraNa 'asura' zabda hiMsaka kA paryAya banA diyA gyaa| uttara vaidika kAla meM nAgoM kI taraha vrAtya bhI arhantoM ko mAnate the tathA cetiyoM (caityoM) kI pUjA karate the| brAhmaNa paramparA kI anuzrutiyoM meM licchavi, malla, moriya Adi jAtiyoM ko vrAtya 'kahA hai| vrAtya ve Arya jAtiyAM thIM jo madhya deza ke pUrva yA uttara-pazcima meM rahatI thIM tathA madhya deza ke brAhmaNa, kSatriyoM ke AcAra kA anusaraNa nahIM karatI thiiN| vastuta:

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tathA nAga jAti 115 isa kAla meM vaidika AryoM kI zuddha santati avaziSTa hI nahIM raha gayI thii| rakta mizraNa, sAMskRtika AdAna-pradAna evaM bahudhA dharma parivartana Adi ke kAraNa eka navIna bhAratIya jAti udaya meM A rahI thI jisameM zramaNopAsaka cAturvarNa ke vrAtya evaM nAga Adi jAtiyoM kA bAhulya thA uttara vaidika kAla meM zramaNa dharma punarutthAna ke sarva prathama paraskartA bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAtha yA ariSTanemi the| inake pazcAt nAga-punarutthAna kA yuga aayaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma uraga vaMza meM huA thA jo ki nAga jAti kI hI eka zAkhA thii| ata: usa kAla meM puna: jAgRta nAga logoM meM unake dharma kA pracAra atyadhika rhaa| bhagavAn mahAvI se pUrva bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA dharma pracalita thaa| svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA inake anuyAyI the| - asuroM tathA nAgoM kI sabhyatA bhArata varSa meM unake punarutthAna ke kAphI pahale se hI bahuta vikasita thii| unhoMne Aja se lagabhaga caudaha hajAra varSa pUrva AkAza meM nagaroM kA nirmANa kara liyA thA, jaisA ki Aja ke yuga meM vaijJAnika aMtarikSa meM laghu upagraha sthApita karate haiN| lekina asuroM ke dvArA sthApita AkAziya nagaraM bar3e the| devAsura saMgrAma meM ve naSTa ho gye| . isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tIrthakara pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika puruSa the, inakI aitihAsikatA para saMdeha karanA anucita hai| jisa nAga jAti meM inakA janma huA vaha bhArata kI eka viziSTa jAti rahI hai| isa jAti ke katipaya avazeSa kucha una AdivAsiyoM meM pAye jAte haiM jo ki sarpa kI pUjA karate haiM yA sarpa ko apanA devatA mAnate haiN| asama kI eka jAti ke loga apanA upanAma cetiyA' lagAte haiN| isase yaha AbhAsa hotA hai ki ye una vrAtyoM se sambandhita rahe haiM jo cetiyoM yA caityoM (jaina mandiroM) kI pUjA karate the tathA nAga jAti ke samakAlIna the| pUrvI rAjya 'nAgAlaiNDa' kI nAgA jAti tathA prAcIna nAga jAti ke nAmoM meM bhI adbhuta sAmya hai| ' 'padmAvatI puravAla' eka jaina jAti hai| isakA udgama sthAna padmAvatI : nagara (naravara) rahA hai jo ki uttaravartI nAga jAtiya rAjavaMzoM kI

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116 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha rAjadhAnI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki padmAvatI puravAla jAti bhI uttaravartI nAga vaMzoM se saMbaMdhita rahI hai / saMdarbha 'bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi' DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina, pRSTha 45 2. 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA' (bhAga 1) DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, 3. 4. vahI, pRSTha 27 5. 6. pRSTha 19 'bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi' DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, pRSTha 26.. DaoN. anila kumAra jaina, kAdambinI, sitambara 1987 hindI vizva koza (bhAga 11) nagendra nAtha basu, pRSTha 558-559. 'prAcIna aphrIkA : nAgoM aura rAkSasoM kA upaniveSa' DA. kuvaralAla vyAsa ziSTa, kAdambinI, julAI 1987, pRSTha 55-58. 'tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha'. DA henarika jimmara, ahiMsA vANI, sita. - akTU. 1953, pRSTha 4-14. 9. 'bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi' DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, pRSTha 37 10. vahI, pRSTha 39. 7. 8.

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PARSVANATH AS SEEN IN MAHA PURANA AND CAVUNDARAYA PURANA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY - Dr. S.P. Patil* Jinasenacarya's Purva Purana has a unique place in the tradition of Jaina Puranas. His plan was to compose complete Mahapurana, but could complete only 42 parvas and breathed his last. His disciple Gunabhadracarya completed the remaining portion of the Purva purana and also 'Uttara-Purana'. According to some scholars Jinasenacarya is supposed to be the first to write Jaina-Purana. But we have the references of Kavi-Parameswara in Jinasena as the author of Jaina Purana in prose-style. Jinasena was a disciple of Virasena. Acarya Dasaratha and Acarya Vinayasena were also the disciples of Virasena with Jinasena. Jinasena was a Royal-teacher-'Rajaguru' in the court of Amoghavarsa Nrapatunga of Rastrakuta dynasty. The PurvaPurana is known for its rich scriptural knowledge, first hand experience of worldly affairs and highest poetic diction. Dr. Siddheshwara Bhattacharya has rightly said that it is an encyclopedia of Indian life. Social, political economic and cultural life of that period is very vividly described in Purva Purana. Cavundaraya is said to be a `Samyaktva-Cudamani' embodied with the ideals of the 10th century's heroic qualities. He was great warrior, a general, a minister and above all a pious man of religion, upholding ethical values by his practice. He could translate his sublime thought into action, through erecting the statue of Gommata Babhubali at Sravanabelgol. His thorough study of scriptures under the guidance of Nemi-candracarya and Professor and Chairman, Department of Jainology, Karnatak University, Dharwad

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118 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha Ajitasenacharya helped him to write 'Mahapurana' in Kannada prose. His interest in common people is clearly evident from the fact that when Sanskrit was dominant he set it aside and adopted Kannada prose as the medium of his work. Besides his two teachers, his companion-friend was Kavi-cakravarti Ranna. Their talent, qualities, attainments and inclination towards the common welfare were the sources of his inspiration. It is commonly known that the Cavundaraya-Purana is the translation and condensed form of Jinasena-Gunabhadra's Mahapurana. But some of the special features and the variations of these two works reveal to us that Cavundaraya Purana has a very distinct character which gives it a permanent place in the history of Kannada literature. Here is an attempt to go through with the narration about Parsvanath in Maha-Purana and Cavundaraya Purana. The story of life of Parsvanatha in general is common in both the works. The names of Kamatha and Marubhuti, sons of Visvabhuti and Anunderi, follow the original Mahapurana. But Mahapurana gives more details of Kamatha and Marubhuti (73:9). The elder was like poison and sin whereas the second one was like Amrita and dharma (pious). The vast difference of characters of both brothers is made clear in the beginning. Cavundaraya has not mentioned these qualities, but development of the story reveals the qualities and nature of brothers. The mention of characteristics of these persons is made vivid by description in Mahapurana whereas the same goal is achieved by Cavundaraya with their acts. Kamatha and Marubhuti were ministers in the Royal court of king Aravinda (M.P. 73:10), Varuni and Vasundhari were their wives. But for Vasundhari, Kamatha killed Marubhuti. This story is common in both the works (C.P. 353). Marubhuti in his eighth birth (Bhava) as Ananda heard from minister Swamihita about the Nandisvara Jinapuja and went to

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PARSVANATH AS SEEN IN MAHA-PURANA AND ... 119 see it. Vipulamati Ganadhara was also there. Ananda bowed down to Ganadhara and listened religious discuourse from him. At the end he asked Ganadhara about his doubts (M.P. 73:47). "The lifeless images cannot avert (Paranmukha), punish or favour anybody. But innocent divotees worship them to get these things. How could they acquire the fruit by worship of lifeless images?". To which Vipulmati Ganadhara replied that assurance of security (Abhaya-dana) and deed of gift (Sastra-dana) were for the first time set in practice by Adi-deva in this particular place and Bharatraja showed the householders the practice of worship of Jina Temple. Sreyansa of Hastinapura became famous by his gift of food (Ahara-dana). So like Bharata you will also attain the fruit of Jina worship. He also gave the example of Kalpavriksa, the tree that grants all desires and Cintamani, a gem of Svarga supposed to yield to its possesser everything wanted. These are lifeless, still they grant the possesser whatever they desire. Similarly Jina-images though they are lifeless, they motivate bondage of Punya (Virtue) and cause for the Shubha Parinamotpatti. The above exhaustive explanation is not found in Mahapurana in the present context. But Cavundaraya has given place to the doubts of common men and explained convincingly with examples. He might have some other sources for this detail but the comprehension, logical argument speaks of his creative faculty. Hearing from Vipulamati about the Jina-images and Akritrima (Natural) Jina-pratimas in the sky (Suryamandala), Ananda with devotion bowed-down and worshipped. People who saw him doing so also started respectful salutation to Suryamandala. From here onwards Suryopasana found its roots in this world. Here we see Cavundaraya giving more colour and making the situation more vivid by the additional information. Ananda who was convinced by the explanation of Vipulamati began the worship of Arhat-bhattarakas in Aditya mandala in the manner declared by

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120 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha the scriptures. The people who knew the principle and who did not know it, only saw Ananda and started worship of Aditya bimba. The narration throws light on some of the important customs and traditions of the period. The worship of Akritrama Jina and Caityalaya during Astahnika has its significance. People who were aware of it followed Ananda and a tradition is set forth. The reason for this worship is also made clear and is self-revealing to resolve the doubts which might be in minds of common people. Of course, it suggests that Cavundaraya gives an opportunity to raise the issue for which common people were anxious to know the reality. So within the frame-work of Mahapurana Cavundaraya gives an opportunity to clear off doubts. At the same time he also mentions that people started immitating Ananda and started Suryopasana. Mahapurana does not make any distinction as knowing and. unknowing. It only says that people followed Ananda (M.P. 37:60). But Cavundaraya has observded the society minutely and seems to be a bit worried as people were engaged in worshiping Sun instead of Akritrima Jinabimba in the sky. The act, the innocence, the ritualistic custom of suryopasana does not give him satisfaction. It may be his desire to make them aware of reality through this additional description. Similarly with the specific addition Cavundaraya tries to record the contemporary custom and ritual of Suryopasana in his purana with such detail that it becomes relevant for us. The grey hair made Ananda to renunciate the worldly desires. He entrusted the kingdom to his son and took to ascetic life under Samudragupta-yati. This is the information available in Cavundaraya Purana (C.P.355). But Mahapurana tells us more than this (M.P. 73-62). Ananda being free from worldly desires, crowned and entrusted the kingdom to his eldest son and went with other rulrs to Samudragupta and observed penance. The specific mention of eldest' son has been reduced to 'son' only. As Cavundaraya's interest is to give the story in a condensed

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PARSVANATH AS SEEN IN MAHA-PURANA AND ... 121 form, it is quite but natural. And he sets an example in the art of condensing. Parsva Bhava Parsvanatha's mother's name has been given in mahapurana as Brahmi (M.P. 73:75). Cavundaraya purana names her Brahmi Devi (C.P. 356). According to Mahapurana Parsvanatha's birth took place after 83750 years of Neminatha Tirthankara's liberation, (M.P. 73:93). But Cavundaraya purana records it as 83550 years (C.P. 356). We do not find convincing answer for the difference of 200 years in these works. It leads us to think of possibility of a different tradition of Mahapurana available to Cavundaraya. At many places he differs from Mahapurana and such variations in case of name, place and period are clear indications to believe it. It is also clear that Cavundaraya is not conservative and does not blindly follow Mahapurana. He has often taken liberty to accept information from other sources. Anandamuni who was born in Pranatakalpa took his next birth in Varanasi to Visvasena maharaja and Brahmi Mahadevi of Kasi. The child was named as Parsva. Mahapurana does not justify the name Parsva (M.P. 73:82). Cavundaraya purana describes that, as he was a shelter to the righteous deeds (Dharma) which was worshipped by all the three worlds (Triloka), he was named Parsva. Cavundaraya Purana justifies the name Parsva in its usual way. Cavundaraya though he was interested in condensing the details, whenever situation demands more information, he becomes liberal to give more information. In the concluding stanzas (Stutipadyas) of Uttara-Purana Parsvanatha is praised for his qualities. They have been described elaboratly. "Oh Lord, at mountain meru, at the time of

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122 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha Janmabhiseka celebration the wind aroused out of your exhaling breathing (Uchvasa) and inhailing breathing (Nisvasa) made heavenly gods to enjoy the swinging experience repeatedly. The breathing of child Parsvanatha roused wind and the heavenly gods who had gathered there for Jubiliation could not stand stiffly. They went to and from in rhythem to his breathing. The enormous strength of Parsva is brought to light by. Gunabhadracarya. Cavundaraya does not mention this episode. It does not mean that he has no interest or admiration for the episode. He better choses to shift it over to the story of Vardhaman Mahavira. He collects things from various sources, puts them to test and to achieve a particular result he arranges and re-arranges. Moreover, he is not only a translator of Mahapurana. He is an editos par excellence and a successful compiler. . Another interesting and important episode in Parsvanatha purana is worship of Mahipala in the midst of five fires (Panchagni). Mahapurana mentions Mahipala as grand father (mother's father) of Parsvanatha (M.P. 73:99). But Cavundaraya Purana describes him as mother's brother. 'Tammabbegalanna' (C.P. 356). It also points out him as maternal uncle 'mama'. It is not evident through which source Cavundaraya adapted this relationship When Mahipala was not given respect by Parsva he lost his temper. As the fire was extinguishing he took an axe (hatchet) and went to cut a strong wood. Parsvanatha Kumara tried to prevent him from cutting the word, saying that there may be some life in the wood and so do not cut it (73:102). But Mahipala cut the wood in two pieces. Two snakes which were inside the wood were cut in four pieces. The Cavundaraya Purana says that these four pieces came out of the wood when it was put to fire (C.P. 356). Mahapurana does not mention the putting of wood in the fire (M.P. 73:103).

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PARSVANATU AS SEEN IN MAHIA-PURANA AND ... 123 When Subhouma prince saw this he addressed, "Oh, sage without aware of giving trouble (Upasarga) to others and by that deed you will have inflow of sin (Papasrava), you are following wrong method. By your false way of practice (Mithyatva) you cannot attain liberation. To justify his argument he gave four examples. 1. By beating (bruising) the husk of rice one cannot get rice. 2. By stirring (Churning) the water one cannot get butter or ghee. 3. By burning ordinary stone one cannot get gold. 4. By running away to rescue oneself and falling in the fire will not help him. Out of these four examples, Cavundaraya has picked up only two-namely the first and third. He has selected easily convincing examples. Parsvanatha received presents from king Jayasena of * Saketapura. He heard the description of Saketapura which reminded him his Ananda Bhava. This resulted in a decision to renunciate the wordly things (M.P. 73:120-122). Cavundaraya has retained the original spirit, condensed the details and expressed that hearing the details of Saketapura Parsvanath recollected the Ananda Bhava, decided renounciation of internal (Antar) and (external) (Bhava) possessions (Parigrihas). : 'In short Cavundaraya Purana varies from Mahapurana in many respects. He creates new situation, gives human touch to characters and strikes a balance between ascetic and householders life. In many cases he moves away from Mahapurana and shows the influence of some other sources. In short, his interest is in common people and his effort is to convince them and bring to right path.

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HISTORICITY OF TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND HIS WORSHIP Dr. N. Vasupal* The traditional belief among the Jains is that their faith is beginningless. The Tirthankaras re-established Dharma-Teertha, the mission of their faith, in various eras. A Tirthankara is one, who is born as a man on this earth, attains spiritual perfection with his own efforts and shows the same path of perfection for others. In the present Avasarpini era, 24 Tirthankaras were born in long intervals of time. Among these Tirthankaras, Bhagvan Rishabha is the first Tirthankara and Bhagvan Vardhamana-Mahavira is the last Tirthankara. Bhagvan Parsvanatha the 23rd Tirthankara is accepted as a historical personage by good number of scholars. It is surprising that the Jains never made efforts to bring out the ages long historicity of their faith, and as a result, the non-Jains tend to believe that just as the Buddhism was established by Lord Buddha, in the same manner, Lord Mahavira founded Jainism and this view gained currency among the common people also. But during the last century a healthy trend towards entering into research-oriented study of Jaina scriptural literature gained momentum. The German scholars were first to embark on this venture. Many of them even devoted their entire life in such research works, and Prof. Hermann Jacobi's name is mentioned with great reverence in the matter. He not only studied thoroughly almost all the available scriptures in Ardhamagadhi but also edited and translated some of them in English. His books were published under the title "Sacred Books of the East", years ago by the Professor & Head, Dept. of Jainology, University of Madras, Chennai

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HISTORICITY OF TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND ... 874 Clarendon Press, Oxford under the editorship of Prof. Maxmuller. Prof. Jacobi chose to study Pitakas in Pali also and through his comparative and analytical study, he declared clearly that it was not lord Mahavira who established Jainism, but he only preached and propagated it which was traditionally available, suiting the age and circumstances. His predecessor and torch-bearer of the Jain tradition was lord Parsvanatha, who was considered as the * 23rd Tirthankara of the present descending era'. The historicity of Parasvanatha has been generally accepted by the scholars both in India and in the West?. According to Zimmer, of the 24th Tirthankaras, the earlier are mythological personalities, and mythology has been abundently poured into their biographies. Nevertheless, it is becoming increasingly evident that there must be some truth in the Jaina tradition of the great antiquity of their religion, at least with respect to Parsva, the Tirthankara just preceding Mahavira. We have grounds for believing that he actually lived and taught, and was a Jaina?. Dr. Radhakrishnan says that there is evidence to show that so far as the first century B.C., there were people who were worshipping Rishabhadeva, the first Tirthankara. Vardhamana was not so much the founder of a new faith as the reformer of the previously existing creed of : Parsvanatha, who is said to have died in 776 B.C.4. :: Char! Charpentier writes - "We ought also to remember * that the Jain religion is certainly older than Mahavira, his reputed predecessor Parsva having almost certainly existed as a real person, and that consequently, the main points of the original doctrine may have been codified long before Mahaviras". Dr. A.L.Basham writes - "As he (Vardhamana Mahavira) is referred to in the Buddhist scriptures as one of the Buddhist Chief opponents, his historicity is beyond doubt... Parsva was remembered as 23rd of the 24 great teachers of Tirthankaras of the Jain faith."

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126 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha * LIFE OF PARSVANATHA The twentythird Tirthankara Parsvanatha was born in Varanasi. He belonged to the Kasyapa Gotra?. His father was Asvasena, the king of Varanasi. His mother was queen Varmala also called Vamadevis. Uttara Purana mentions the name of the father of Parsva as Visvasena and the mother as Brahmi". The slight difference in the mention of his birth date in the Svetambara and the Digambara traditions does not materially affect the dates. In the Kalpasutra and Trisastisalaka Purusa his date of birth has been stated to be the midnight of Pousya Krishna Dasami (the 10th day of the dark half of the Pousya month)' while according to the Digambara works like Tiloyapannatti and Uttara Purana the date of birth is Pousya Krisna Ekadasi (the 11th day of the Pousya month). After Parsva grew into a handsome youth, his parents wanted him to get married. The Svetambara tradition mentions that Parsva was married to Prabhavati the daughter of king Prasenajit, on account of the persuation of his parents for marriage. But in the Digambara texis, like Uttara Purana and Maha Purana there is no mention of his marriage. There is evidence to show that the five Tirthankaras :(1) Vasupujya, (2) Mallinatha, (3) Aristanemi, (4) Parsvanatha and (5) Mahavira did not get married. They took to renunciation in the stage of their bachelorhood". At the age of 30, Parsva decided to renounce the world and take up to Sanyasa. It was Magha Sukla Ekadasi (the 11th day of the brighter half of the Magha month). On that auspicious day Parsva left the outskirts of the city of Varanasi and took the vow ofrenunciation!. After about four months of the practice of severe penance and meditation Parsvanatha attained the state of Kevala Juana (Omniscience). This was in the early hours of the morning of the 4th day (Chaturthi) of Bahula Chaitra.

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HISTORICITY OF TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND ... 127 This auspicious news spread throughout the country. The king Asvasena and Vamadevi, his parents alongwith the princes and subjects, came and offered their respects. According to the Digambara tradition, the first disciple was Svayambhu and the Prathama Aryika was Sulocana'3. Bhagvan Parsvanatha establishes the Tirtha of the four orders of society. His preachings were effective and various groups called ganas were established. Digambara tradition maintains that there were 10 Ganadharas and 10 Ganas'4. But according to Svetambara tradition 8 Ganadharas and Ganas were established's.. In his wanderings from place to place preaching his doctrine Tirthankara Parsvanatha came to the mountain Sammeda Shikhara, with 33 munis. This was the finale and the consummation of his life as a Tirthankara. He took the vow of fasting and sat for meditation on the auspicious day of Sravana sukla astami (8th day of the brighter half of Sravana). In the Vishaka Naksatra, Tirthankara Parsvanatha attained the highest state of Perfection - Moksha' * Parsvanatha is supposed to have attained nirvana about 250 years before the nirvana of the 24th Tirthankara Vardhamana Mahavira. He lived for one hundred years. He renounced the world at the age of thirty and practised severe penance on the mount Sammeda Shikhara. It is located in Bihar nearer to West Bengal. The mount is even now called as Parsvanatha Hill. He preached his doctrines to the people for seventy years, and after attaining the age of one hundred years in 777 B.C. attained the supreme state of Nirvana. WORSHIP OF PARSVANATHA Parsvanatha worship finds prominence among the Jains since very ancient times, and the same affirmed by the very large number of images of this Tirthankara. There are evidences to say that

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128 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha Parsvanatha is worshipped since the time of his attainment of Kevala Jnana, if not earlier. Acarya Samantabhadra in his Parsvanatha stotra (Svayambhu stotra) says that soon after the attainment of Kevala Jnana by Parsvanatha, those forest dwelling recluces realised their path of penance to be useless and looking at the glory of Parsvanatha, immediately approached him and took refuge at his feet. " ah: #99TH CE4:1 14agi Tui fail" etc. . This piece of statement confirms that Bhagvan Parsvanatha was considered as a worshipful person by the people of his own time. In Karakanda cariu of Muni Kanakumara, we find another earliest reference to the worship of Bhagvan Parsvanatha. Karakanda after his consecration as king at Champapura desires to conquer over all those kings who did not care to pay homage to him. Learning that the Chola, Chera and Pandya kings of the south refused to pay homage, he marched out with a vast army and reached Terapura and halted at its vicinity. There he learnt that on a near by hill, there was a cave temple of thousand pillars and on the top of the hill, there was a huge ant hill which was worshipped by an elephant. So out of curiosity, Karakanda mounted the hill, on the slopes of which he found the cave containing a Jina image. Climbing further to the top he saw the anthill, and in his very presence an elephant came which fetched waterland lotuses from the neighbouring lake and worshipped the anthill. Immediately Karakanda ordered the anthill to be excavated and as he had anticipated an image of Parsvanatha flashed forth from the anthill. The king conveyed it to the cave, where on the lion seat he noticed a patch. On enquiry from an old artisan of the town, he learnt that it was the mouth of a fountain of water. He caused the patch to be scraped off and there on water gushed

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HISTORICITY OF TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND ... 129 forth with great force, and filled the whole cave. The king became repentent fearing the destruction of the cave temple. However, the guardian Vidhyadhara of the cave appeared and consoled the king. : Historians opine that when Karakanda was encamping at Terapura, he learnt the existence of a large cave containing a Jina image at the foot of a hill in deep forest, and he visited the cave and worshipped the Jina, and also renewed the temple, installed in it another image of Parsvanath, which he discovered on the top of the mountain burried in an anthill and built two more caves on the upperside of the existing cave. This piece of information serves as an evidence to say that during the days of Karakanda, who is considered as a historical person and who lived somewher about 7th century B.C. or about hundred years earlier to Bhagvan Mahavira, worshippied Bhagvan Parsvanatha's image. It may be noted that both in Jaina and Buddhist traditions Karakanda is considered as one of the four Svayambuddhas. Here it may also be noted that according to Jaina tradition the parents of Bhagavan Mahavira, namely, Siddhartha and Trisala were ordaint followers and worshippers of Bhagvan Parsvanatha, and this is suggested by the episode of the samvada found in Uttaradhyayana Sutra between Gautama Ganadhara and Kesi Kumara Sramana, the latter being the follower of Parsvanatha order.. . . According to some of the historians and also according to a piece of traditional information, Gautama Buddha himself in his early years of monkhood was a follower of Parsvanatha order. Gautama the Buddha is said to have practised the ascetic practices of the Sramana tradition like pulling the hair (Kesalocana) and fasting. He begged for food in the tradition of the Jaina practices of asceticism prevailing at the time of Parsva. The practices that

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230 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha the Buddha followed in the early stages of his ascetic career were the Sramanic practices, prevailing in the Jaina codes of ascetic life from the pre-Mahavira times at least from the times of Parsva. Some scholars are of the opinion that for sometime in the early stage of the self-denying career, the Buddha followed the tradition of Parsvanatha. Buddha was influenced in his ascetic career by the teaching and the methods of Parsvanatha. In Anguttara Nikaya, it is said that Buddha's uncle Bappa Sakya was'a Nigganta Sravaka following the tradition of Parsva's teachings. It is therefore clear that Parsva tradition was known and was followed at the time of Buddha and Mahavira. There is an episode related to Acarya Bhadrabahu, wherein once again we find an instance of the continuity of Parsvanatha Worship. According to tradition Varahamihira the famous astronomer was the younger brother of Bhadrabahu. This younger brother, as time advanced, developed Jealousy to his elder brother, namely, Bhadrabahu. In his life time, the younger brother tried to claim superiority over his elder brother. However, he was not successful. After certain time the younger brother died and took birth as Vyantaradeva. Now recalling the incidents of his earlier birth, he desired to take revenge against Bhadrabahu. So he inflicted injury to the entire Sangha of Bhadrabahu. This being formented by Vyantara, Muni's approached the acarya Bhadrabahu and beg him to see that the troubles caused by Vyantara were halted. Now acarya Bhadrabahu composed Upasargahara stotra, comprising nine stanzas praising Bhagavan Parsvanatha. It is stated that this stotra had a miraculous power. As days advanced acarya Bhadrabahu learnt that the miraculous power of this stotra was being misused. Therefore, he removed from it last two stanzas to prevent the misuse of the same, and as a result it is stated that now only seven stanzas of Upasargahara stotra are remaining.

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HISTORICITY OF TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND ... 131 There are many episodes that have come down from tradition, * revealing the mysterious and miraculous power of the worship of Bhagavan Parsvanatha. In this regard it may be stated as examples, a life incident of Siddhasena Divakara, the author of Kalyana mandira stotra, Dhananjaya the author of Visapahara stotra, Vadiraja Suri, the author of Parsvanatha charita and so on. * A legend has it that by means of the Kalyana mandira stotra, Siddhasena Divakara split the linga of god Rudra in the Mahakala temple at Ujjayini, whereupon the image of Parsvanatha stepped forth out of the middle of it. It is according to the traditional statement, one day Dhananjaya was worshipping Parsvanatha image in a temple. While he was in the act of worshipping, some one came and told him that his son was bitten by a poisonous serpent. After hearing this information, Dhananjaya was not at all moved or disturbed, and continued to worship. After the completion of worshipping he took prasadam, went to his house and sprinkled the same on the body of his son. As a result of which his son got cured of poison and revived of his life. It is also stated that Vadirajasuri had leprosy, and got himself cured by composing a hymn on Parsvanatha. Even to the present day Parsvanatha worship, particularly in Karnataka, is very prominent. Note: The Tera Pura mentioned in this paper is identifiable with Tera, a village in the Osmanabad district of * Maharashtra, situated on the banks of Tirna river, 12 miles north-east of Osmanabad. REFERENCES: 1. 2. The Sacred books of the East, XLV, Introduction. Jaina Dharm ka Maulika Itihas (Hindi) pp 333, and Bhagavan Mahavir ek Anushilan (Hindi) by Devendra Muni Shastri Ji, pp. 39. . Zimmer (H): Philosophy of India (Edt. Joseph Campbell) Kegan Paul, 1951, pp. 181.

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132 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha .4. Radhakrishnan (S), Indian Philosophy, Allen Unwin 1929, pp. 287. 5. Charl Charpentier : The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Introduction, p. 21. Dr. A.L. Basham : The Wonder that was India, 1956, p. 287-288. 7. Uttaradhyayana Sutra, 73-75. 8. Samavayanga - 175 Uttaradhyayana Sutra, 73-75 Trisasthi - 2,3. 11. Avasyakaniryukti, 221-222, Panmacariyam, Padmapurana, 20, 67, Harivamsapurana, 60, 214, Tiloyapannatti-Adhikara-4, gatha 670. Uttarapurana, 73, 129, Tiloyapannatti, 4, 966 13. (a) Tiloyapannatti, 4, 966 (b) Pasanabacajiu, 10, 12, 138 14. Siripasanaha Chariyam, 4, 202 . 15. Kalpasutra, 156 (Edt. Devendra Muni Shastry, pp. 223). 16. (a) Kalpasutra, 159 (Edt. Devendra Muni Shastry, pp. 220). (b) Uttarapurana, 73, 156. Books Consulted 1. Comparative History of Jainism (upto 1000 AD) - Asim Kumar Chatterjee, Firm Klm Private Limited, Calcutta, 1978. Jaina Sects and Schools - Muni Uttam Kamal Jain, Concept Publishing Company, Delhi - 1975. Religion and Culture of the Jains - Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain. Bharatiya Gyanpitha Publication, Delhi - 1983. Tirthankara Parsvanatha - A study. Edt. Dr. T.G. Kalghatgi, Mysore University, Mysore, 1977. Study of Jainism, - Dr.T.G. Kalghatgi, Prakrit Bharati Academy, Jaipur, 1988. Compendium of Jainism - T.K. Tukol, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 1980. 7. Karakanda Chariu of Muni Kanakumara, Editer -Dr. Hiralal Jain. 8. History of Indian Literature, Vol. II - M. Winteruity 9. Kalpasutra of Bhadrabahu Swamy, Tr. Kasturchand Lalvani 10. Sanmati Sri Vihara - Dr. M.D. Vasantha Raj.

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marAThI sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - DaoN. padmajA pATila prastAvanA . Ajataka bahuta se pAzcAtya va bhAratIya saMzodhakoM kA saMzodhana kSetra uttara bhArata aura rAjasthAna meM jainadharma va sAhitya' taka hI sImita rahA hai| tAmilanADu, AMdhra, karnATaka meM bhI jaina dharma va prAdezika jaina sAhitya' para khoja jArI hai| kula milAkara jaina lokasaMkhyA keMdrita hai dakSiNa mahArASTra meN| kiMtu dakSiNa va uttara mahArASTra meM "jaina paraMparAe~ aura marAThI jaina sAhitya" jaise viSaya upekSita haiN| mahAvIra aura gautama buddha ne lokabhASA ke mAdhyama se bahujana samAja se sAmIpya bnaayaa| jainoM kI ardhamAgadhI kA dUsarA nAma hai mhaaraassttrii| jaina sAhitya kA mahArASTra se kitanA nikaTa saMbaMdha hai isakA patA isase calatA hai| marAThI ke banAva-siMgAra meM prAkRta jitanA hI mahArASTrI kA mahatvapUrNa sahayoga hai| - 15vI sadI ke pUrva kA marAThI jaina sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai kiMtu bAda meM aneka purANa, kAvya va dUsare vAD.maya kA jainoM ne dharmaprasAra ke lie nirmANa kiyaa| phira bhI bha. pArzvanAtha para marAThI sAhitya bahuta hI kama hai| merI koziza se jo sAhitya prApta huA usake sahAre "marAThI sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara" yaha zodha patra Apake sAmane sAdara prastuta kara rahI huuN| dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma kA prasAra - dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina aitihAsika paramparAaiM atyanta prAcIna va mahatvapUrNa haiN| inakA AraMbha zravaNabeLagoLa zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai jo * adhivyAkhyAtA, itihAsa vibhAga zivAjI vidyApITha, kolhApura

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134 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pahale samrATa caMdragupta (I.pUrva 3rI sadI) ke kAla kA mAnA jAtA hai| isase bhI pahale jaina dharma va jaina zramaNoM kA astitva zrIlaMkA meM mAnA gayA hai| jainoM ke prasiddha AcArya bhadrabAhajI ke Agamana se dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharmaprasAra ko bar3hAvA milaa| 13vI-14vI sadI se dakSiNa meM musalamAnoM kA AnA zurU huaa| 16vI sadI meM marAThI sattA kI sthApanA, prasAra aura 1818 meM aMta huaa| aMgrejoM kI sArvabhauma sattA prasthApita huii| 14vIM sadI taka jaina dharma prasAra ko prApta udAra rAjAzraya, bAda meM nahIM milaa| zAyada isI sthityaMtara meM prAcIna jaina sAhitya naSTa ho gayA ho| phira bhI dakSiNa bhArata ke sAMskRtika itihAsa meM jainoM kA kAma avismaraNIya. aura gauravAspada bhI hai| vaidika paramparAoM kI karmaThatA kA virodha kara jaina dharma ne aMta:karaNa zuddhi va AtmavikAsa ko agrasthAna diyaa| jaina marAThI vAD.maya kA AraMbha . marAThI ke janma se hI jainoM kA mahArASTra se pArivArika saMbaMdha hai| 8vI va 9vI sadI meM 'zrI cAmuMDarAya karaviyale gaMgarAje sattAle karaviyale' ye marAThI akSara zravaNabeLagoLa ke gomaTezvara kI mUrti ke pairoM tale khude marAThI bhASA kA pahalA likhita sabUta mAnA .jAtA hai| cAmuMDarAjA va gaMgarAjA jaina the tathA unheM marAThI bhI AtI thI yaha bhI siddha hotA hai| lekina kuMdakaMdAdi samantabhadra jI ke aneka prAkRta graMthoM meM marAThI zabdoM kA prayoga kama hI pAyA jAtA hai| . yadyapi marAThI ko jaina sAhitya kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai taba bhI jaina sAhitya ke astitva kI zubhavArtA 100 sAla pahale vardhA se jinadAsa cavaDe va jayacaMdra zrAvaNa ne kucha jaina graMtha prakAzita karake hI dii| kiMtu unake lekhana meM saMzodhana dRSTi kA abhAva thaa| janavarI 1924 meM vividha jJAna vistAra' mAsika patrikA ne jaina graMthoM ke astitva kI prathama jAnakArI dii| tadanaMtara kucha samaya taka yaha sAhitya upekSita hI rhaa| 1956 meM prAcIna marAThI ke jaina abhyAsaka prA. vidyAdhara joharApUrakara jI ne bAhubalI (kolhApura) se prakAzita "sanmatI" mAsika patrikA meM marAThI jaina graMthoM kI

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135 marAThI sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha jAnakArI prakAzita kii| 1964 meM DaoN. subhASacaMdra akkole jI ne 'prAcIna marAThI jaina sAhitya' para saMzodhana kara pUnA vizvavidyAlaya kI pIeca.DI. upAdhi prApta kii| solApura ke jIvarAja graMthamAlA dvArA jainoM ke prAcIna marAThI graMtha prakAzita hone lge| yaha DaoN. akkole kI kozizoM kA phala thaa| marAThI sArasvatoM kA nayA dAlana khulA' ina zabdoM meM jainetara prAcIna marAThI abhyAsakoM ne bhI ina prayatnoM kA svAgata kiyaa| jaina samAja va marAThI bhASA / uttara mahArASTra kA jaina samAja mukhyata: vyApArI hone se gujarAtI va hindI kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| da. mahArASTra kA jaina samAja kisAna aura kannaDa bhASika hone ke bAvajUda mahArASTra se ekarUpa hai| mahArASTra kI rAjadhAnI muMbaI va dUsare pramukha zaharoM meM basA jaina-gujarAtI-mAravAr3I vyApArI varga pUrA vyavahAra marAThI meM hI karatA hai| mahArASTra ke marAThavAr3A vidarbha, koMkaNa va khAnadeza vibhAgoM meM base zetavAla, bagheravAla, kAsAra, bogAra, pallIvAle, nevA, dhAkar3a, kaMboja, caturtha va paMcama Adi jaina samAja kI upajAtiyAM marAThI bhASika haiN| inakI marAThI asmitA ko pUrvasUrIyoM ke sAhitya kA AdhAra prApta hai|6| * prAcIna va madhya yugIna marAThI jaina sAhitya ___ prAcIna kAla meM prAkRta va saMskRta bhASA meM jaina AcAryoM ne vipula graMtha nirmita kiye| bAda meM purAnI hiMdI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, tamila, kannaDa Adi saba bhASAoM meM jaina sAhityikoM ne amUlya yogadAna diyaa| pAMcavI, chaThI sadI se 'mahArASTrI' se marAThI kramaza: khilane lgii| vyavahAra bhASA ke rUpa meM usakA prayoga hone lgaa| DaoN. ketakara kahate haiM - grAmINa mahArASTrI saMskRti meM jaina samAja ne apanA nizcita sthAna banAyA hai| sthAnika devatAoM kI sUcI meM jaina deva, jaina mahAlakSmI ye nAma sammilita

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136 - tIrthakara pArzvanAtha yAdava kAlIna mahAnubhAva paMtha para jaina vAD.maya abhI taka upalabdha nahIM haiN| vAstava meM jJAnezvara jI kA marAThI vAG maya madhyayugIna mAnanA caahie| 1450 se 1850 taka ke kAlakhaMDa meM jaina graMthakAroM kI saMkhyA 50 se adhika aura choTe bar3e graMtha 150 se adhika ginane caahieN| isa kAlakhaMDa meM bhaTTArakoM ke pITha taiyAra hue| kAlagati pahacAnakara maThAdhipatiyoM ne dharma prasAra ke lie marAThI sAhitya nirmitI ko vizeSa protsAhana diyaa| nAgapura, kAraMjA, paiThaNa devagirI, lAtura, vAzima, amarAvatI, ziraDa zahApura, aMjanagAMva-surajI, kolhApura, koganoLI, nAMdaNI, mahigAMva jaise khAsa gAMvoM meM sAmAjika Azraya se marAThI jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa huaa| isameM pothiyoM va purANoM kA samAveza hotA hai| isa kAla meM jaina dharma zikSA dharmapITha se hI saMbhava thii| purANa, vratakathA, rAsa, khaMDakAvya, stotra, bhArUDa, AratI, pada, povADA, lAvaNI jaise sabhI prakAra jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| mukhyata: logoM ko bhAnevAle va pasaMda Ane vAle vAD.maya hI isa kAlakhaMDa meM taiyAra hue| . marAThI jaina sAhitya kI preraNA gujarAta ke "iDara" ke bhaTTAraka pITha dvArA milii| iDara ke bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti jI ke ziSya bramhajInadAsa jI ne 1451 ke AsapAsa graMthanirmitI se marAThI sAhitya nirmitI ke lie apanA ziSyavRMda taiyAra kiyaa| inameM zAMtidAsa, megharAja, kAmarAja Adi samAviSTa haiN| upalabdha marAThI jaina vAD maya 15vI sadI se hai| 18 se 20 taka kRtiyoM kI jAnakArI hone para bhI mahaja 8 se 10 taka kRtiyAM hI Aja prApta haiN| 16vI sadI ke marAThI jaina vAD.maya meM paMDita megharAja kA yazodhara caritra mahatvapUrNa hai| isI kAlakhaMDa meM paMDita surIjana, sudarzana va kAmarAja jaise mahatvapUrNa kavi aura caritrakAra bhI hue| 17vIM sadI meM citAmaNI, guNanaMdI, puNyanaMdI, abhayakIrti, mahAkIrti, mahicaMda gaMgAdAsa Adi aneka graMthakAra hue| 18vIM sadI meM 'jinasAgara' vizeSa AkarSita karatA hai| mAnatuMga AcArya ke suvikhyAta 'bhaktAMbara' stotra kA jinasAgara kRta marAThI bhASAMtara sarasa hone se unakI tulanA paMDita kaviyoM meM kI jAtI hai|10

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137 marAThI sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ma. pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA aura lekhana bha. mahAvIra ke pUrva bha. pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika vyakti haye yaha sarvamAnya bAta hai| kevala jJAna prApti ke pazcAta AryakhaMDa meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha jI ne samavazaraNa vihAra kiyaa| kozalapura, pAMcAladeza, maharata deza (mahArASTra), mAravADa, magadha, mAlavA, avantI, ujjainI Adi aneka dezoM meM maMgala vihAra ke sAtha dharmopadeza va jaina dharma prasAra kiyaa| DaoN. e. ema. ghATage (kolhApura), DaoN. mAdhava raNadive (sAtArA)12, itihAsa saMzodhaka dharmAnaMda kosaMbI Adi ne "pArzvanAtha jI kA cAturyAma dharma"13 isa prakAra ke jaina va jainetara saMzodhakoM ke lekha pArzvanAtha jI ke cAturyAma dharma ke bAre meM bIsavI sadI meM marAThI meM likhe| bha. pArzvanAtha ke Upara marAThI sAhitya - upalabdha marAThI sAhitya meM bha. pArzvanAtha va padmAvatI saMbaMdhI sAhitya kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| : (a) meghA urpha megharAja nAmaka kavi 16vIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM hI huye| unhoMne pArzvanAtha bhavAMtara' nAmaka 47 padoM kA gIta likhaa| AraMbha meM aura aMta meM aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha jI kI zirapura adhara mUrti kA ullekha hai| * vaha mUrti dekhakara hI unhoMne yaha racanA kI hogii| pArzvanAtha jI ko unakI .mAtA vAmAdevI vivAha kA Agraha karatI hai tabhI sAMsArika bhogopabhogoM kA nirupayogitva par3hAne ke lie unhone apanI mAtA se apane pichale bhavoM kI jAnakArI dI, yahI hai 'pArzvanAtha bhavAMtara' / 14 (ba) tIrthaMkara stuti, Adi kAvya prakAroM kI taraha jaina kaviyoM ne 'bhAruDa', DaphagIta matalaba zAhirI bhedaka moDa ke kAvya aura 'lAvaNIyoM' kI bhI racanA kii| 17vIM sadI ke aMta meM gaMgArAma nAmaka jaina kavi ne 47 padoM kA "pArzvanAtha bhavAMtara" nAmaka DaphakAvya rcaa| usameM pArzvanAtha ke pichale 9 bhavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| asala meM gujarAtI hokara bhI kAraMjA ke bhaTTAraka dharmacanda jI ke ve anuyAyI the| gaMgAdAsa jI ise 'kIrtana'

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138 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kahate haiN| pauSa mAsa ke dhArmika mahotsavoM meM yaha kIrtana unhoMne Dapha ke tAla para kiyA hogaa|15 (sa) 'pArvAbhyudaya' yaha jinasenajI kA pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara para racA kAvya hai| 1968 meM ja. ne. kSIrasAgara jI ne (muMbaI) isakA marAThI anuvAda kiyaa| yaha mUla graMtha prAkRta meM hai jisakI racanA jinasena svAmI jI ne 8vI sadI meM kI thii| 'zrI bha. pArzvanAtha dIkSA kalyANa ke bAda yoga dhAraNa karate haiM, yahAM se lekara unake pUrvabhava meM kamaTha kA jIva saMbara nAmaka jyotiSka deva hotA hai aura avadhi jJAna se unheM duzmana samajhakara bahuta takalIpheM detA hai| isa madhyavartI kalpanA para AdhArita yaha kAvya hai| isameM kavi kulaguru kAlidAsa jI ke mazahUra 'meghadUta' kI bhI samasyApUrti kI hai| yahA~ meghadUta kA antima caraNa va svayaM ke tIna isa krama se pavanadUta, haMsata, nemidUta kAvya racanAe~ kii| lekina jinasena, jI ne meghadUta ke sabhI zloka samasyApUrti svarUpa AtmasAta kie aura pArzvanAtha caritra para AdhArita 'pArvAbhyudaya' nAmaka surasa kAvya kI racanA kii| Akhira meM jinasena jI . kA vyaktitva va kAla nirNaya ina viSayoM kI chAna-bIna kI hai|16 / isake atirikta jIvarAja graMthamAlA solApura se sana 1983 meM bha. pArzvanAtha kI choTI para mahatvapUrNa jAnakArIyukta pustaka prakAzita kI gyii| isake lekhaka paM. narendra kumAra jayavaMtasA bhisIkara hai| isa pustaka kA uddezya prathamAnuyoga zAstra ke mahatvapUrNa graMtha va saMta puruSoM ke Adarza samAja ke sAmane rakhanA thaa| isa graMtha ke atirikta jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa khaMDa-3, jaina jJAnakoza khaMDa-3, jinasena AcArya kA uttara purANa, sumatI zahA solApura se 24 tIrthaMkara stuti va pUrNAdhya anaMta bopalakarajI kA pArzvanAtha purANa, sanmatI, jainabodhaka, pragatI va jayavijaya Adi aneka jaina marAThI mAsika va sAptAhika patrikAoM meM prAsaMgika lekha chape jinase tIrthakara pArzvanAtha jI kI jAnakArI milatI hai| bha. pArzvanAtha jI kI rakSaka devI padmAvatI mahArASTra ke janamAnasa meM gaharI baiThI hai| eka bhI jaina mandira aisA nahIM hai jahAM padmAvatI kI mUrti

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marAThI sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 139 na ho| isI vajaha se sAre sAhitya meM padmAvatI ke anuSaMgika pArzvanAtha kI stuti hai| 18vIM sadI kA jinasAgarajI kA "kaiko" nAmaka bhArUDa jaina kaviyoM ke marAThIpana para vizeSa prakAza DAlatA hai| "kaiko" kA matalaba hai bhaviSya batAne vAlI va kezavasvAmI jI ke bhArUDa se paricita "kaikaaii"| isa bhArUDa meM karnATaka ke "humacya" gAMva kI padmAvatI nAmaka devI bhaviSyavANI karatI dikhatI hai| (12vIM sadI) pArzvanAtha deva AmhAM, humaMsa mANA gaaNv| durIla mAjhA desa, 'mAjha padmAvatI nAva / saguNa sAMgAvayA AlI dAdA, aika mAjhA bhaav| jugulAMcI sRSTI' dAdA, navhata ThAva gaaNv| ... devI dhArmika loka gAyikA kA rUpa le yaha saMketa mahArASTra ke joga-jogaNIyoM ke ramitoM meM milatA hai| jinasAgarajI kI "kaiko" bhI dharmaprasAra ke lie bahuta Age nikala gayI hai| __ jaina kAsAra samAja kI asmitA hai "kAlikA purANa" / lAtUra ke bhaTTAraka mahicaMdra jI ke ziSya deveMdra kIrtijI ne tatkAlIna dhArmika sAmAjika va rAjakIya parivartana kA varNana karane vAlA aneka dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa graMtha 18vI sadI ke prAraMbha meM hI likhaa| kAlikA kA matalaba hai padmAvatI, jo Aja bhI kAsAra jaina samAja kI rakSaka devatA ke rUpa meM mahArASTra meM vaMdanIya hai| isa graMtha meM 48 adhyAya haiN| ovI saMkhyA 8 hajAra se Upara hai| zirahADapura jaina ke mallInAtha jaina maMdira meM isakI hastalikhita prati hai| musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa se karnATaka va mahArASTra rAjyoM meM kaisI uthala-puthala macI aura jaina dharma para isakA kaise viparIta asara huA yaha isa graMtha se jAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina-liMgAyata jhagar3e va unakA nyAyadAna muslima sultAna karate the yaha bhI jAnakArI milatI hai / 19

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140 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bha. pArzvanAtha saMbaMdhI marAThI hastalikhita pratiyA~ graMtha ziraDa kartA gAMva hastali. kra. 1. padmAvatI AratI rAmakirtI nAgapura 5 2. padmAvatI pALaNA deveMdrakirtI (ziSya) jiMtura 3. pArzvanAtha AratI tAnu paMDita . ziraDa . . 3.. 4. pArzvanAtha AratI padmakirtI solApUra 4 5. pArzvanAtha AratI rAyA 6. pArzvanAtha bhavAMtara . gaMgAdAsa nAgapura: 5 7. pArzvanAtha bhavAMtara megharAja .. ziraDa 3 isake alAvA jainetaroM kA marAThI sAhitya kA adhyayana karane para uparollekhita lekhakoM ke sivA pArzvanAtha jI para vizeSa sAhitya nahIM pAyA jaataa| pUnA ke Dekkana insTiTayUTa va kucha aura jagahoM ke prAcIna itihAsa saMzodhana meM pArzvanAtha jI kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| marAThI abhyAsakrama meM pArzvanAtha 23 ve tIrthaMkara the, ve mahAvIra ke pUrva hue aura unakA "cAturyAma dharma" itanA hI ullekha milatA hai| , mUrti va bha. pArzvanAtha kI lokapriyatA vipula mUrtikalA yaha jainoM kI eka aura vizeSatA hai| pASANa mUrtiyoM kI bhagnatA kI AzaMkA se prAcIna kAla se hI jainoM ne dhAtu kI mUrtiyA~ bnaayiiN| yahI mUrtiyAM Aja mahArASTra meM pArzvanAtha jI kA sthAna va lokapriyatA, aitihAsika dRSTi se sAbita kara rahI haiN| kalAzailI kI dRSTi se ina mUrtiyoM para draviDa kalA kI chApa dikhAI par3atI hai| mUrti para kA nAga phaNa va dUsare tIrthaMkaroM se alagatA meM pArzvanAtha jI kI mUrtiyAM saMkhyA meM adhika pAyI jAtI haiN| isameM padmAvatI kI lAkapriyatA kA hissA bhI adhika

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marAThI sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 141 1. muMbaI vastu saMgrahAlaya kI pArzvanAtha jI kI dhAtu mUrti maurya kAlIna mAnI jAtI hai| 2. elorA kI guphAoM meM pArzvanAtha jI kI manorama mUrti hai / 3. nAsika, terApura, aihoLa, aMkAI-TaMkAI Adi aneka prAcIna guphAoM, leNoM meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyAM dikhatI haiM / 4. solApUra se kuMthalagirI mArga para usmAnAbAda ke pAsa dhArAziva hai jisake najadIka hI terAgAMva hai jahA~ prAcIna jina maMdiroM meM bha. pArzvanAtha jI kI mUrti hai / kula cAra guphAoM meM pArzva pratimAeM haiN| hAla hI meM kuMthalagiri meM pArzvanAtha kI vizAlakAya mUrti sthApita kI gayI hai| 5. kuMDala (sAMgalI) meM kalIkuMDa pArzvanAtha mUrti hai jisa para tIrtharAja kuMDala nAmaka pustaka bAbUrAva bharamA magadUma ne marAThI meM prakAzita kI hai| 6. zirapura (ji. akolA) aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha adhara pArzva mUrti padmAsanastha hai| hAtha kA talavA nIce se sahaja meM jAtA hai / 7. ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kacanera meM hai / 8. vaMzI sthAna kI vazI pArzvanAtha mUrti (islAmapura- mahArASTra) ke pAsa hai / inake atirikta anekAneka maMdiroM meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM pAyI jAtI haiN| niSkarSa : uttara se dakSiNa Ane vAle vyApArI mArgo para pramukhataH vikhyAta pArzvanAtha kI mUtiyAM pAyI jAtI haiN| isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki dakSiNa meM yavanoM ke AkramaNa se pahale u. mahArASTra meM bar3e paimAne para jaina dharma prasAra aura pArzvanAtha kA mahatva rahA / kAlikA purANa se bhI isa bAta kA

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142 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha patA calatA hai| mahArASTra va karnATaka meM prAcIna kAla se pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM guphAoM meM aura maMdiroM meM pAyI jAtI haiN| madhyayugIna sthityaMtara meM sAhitya naSTa hone kI saMbhAvanA nakArI nahIM jA sakatI hai| isIlie pArzvanAtha para atyAdhika adhUrA - AdhA sAhitya milatA hai| mahArASTra meM pArzvanAtha jI kI lokapriyatA kA eka aura kAraNa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai vaha hai strI devatAoM kI Adizakti ke rUpa meM kI jAnevAlI puujaa| bhavAnI, aMbAbAI, yallammA Adi debiyoM kA samAja para par3e prabhAva se jaina mahilAoM meM devI ke rUpa meM padmAvatI kI ghara ghara kI jAnevAlI arcanA, padmAvatI kI AratI aura stutistotra sAreM jaina upavibhAgoM meM lokapriya hai / madhyayugIna jaina AcAryoM ne dharmaprasAra va lokapriyatA prApta karane ke lie "kaiko" bhArUr3a aura Dapha kAvyoM kI racanA kI hogI / Aja taka uttara ke jainoM ke mUla sthAnoM para adhika saMzodhana va sAhitya milA hai| dAkSiNAtya bhASAoM meM yaha pramANa prAdezika bhASA taka hI sImita rahA hai| mahArASTra meM jaina saMskRti kA pragalbha svarUpa prakaTa karane vAlI vAstukalA, zilpakalA, mUrtikalA, citrakalA Adi kalAoM kA saMzodhanAtmaka va zAstrIya stara para adhyayana honA Avazyaka hai / aisA lagatA hai ki taba taka zAyada prAdezika jaina sAhitya ko pratiSThA nahIM mila pAyegI / aMbAbAI, bhavAnI, yallammA, reNukA deviyoM ke maMdira zAyada pahale padmAvatI devI ke hI hoMge aisA vizvAsa jainadharmI rakhate haiM / karADa (sAtArA jilA ) meM utkhanana meM pAyI gayI mUrti para padmAvatI ke cinha dikhAI dete haiM / isa para saMzodhana dvArA adhika prakAza DAlane kI AvazyakatA hai / saMdarbha 1. dAMDekara go.ni., "jaina tatvajJAna va jJAnezvara", bhA. pa. maMguDakara saMpAdita mahArASTra va jaina saMskRti meM prakAzita, maI 1988, pRSTha 9.

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marAThI sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 143 2. paMDitA sumatibAI zahA - (saMpAdaka) - pUrNAdhya, solApura vIra nirvANa saMvata 2504, pRSTha 330. 3. DaoN. saMgave vilAsa, dakSiNa bhArata jaina sabhecA itihAsa, 1976, pRSTha 2 se 10. 4. saradAra ga.bA., saMta vAGmayAcI sAmAjika phalazruti, pRSTha 23. . 5. DaoN. Dhere rA.ci., jainAMce marAThI vAD:maya, maMguDakara mA.pa., uparokta, pRSTha 192. 6. prA. AkoLe subhASa caMdra - prAcIna va madhyayugIna jaina sAhitya maMguDakara (saMpA) uparokta, pRSTha 9. . 7. DaoN. ketakara, prAcIna mahArASTra khaMDa 192, pRSTha 254-55 8. prA. akkoLe, uparokta, pRTha 9-10. 9. vahI. 10. prA. akkoLe, prAcIna marAThI jaina sAhitya, suvicAra prakAzana, nAgapura, 1968, pRSTha 15 se 117. 11. paM. bhIsIkara nareMdra kumAra jayavaMtasA, bhagavAna pArzvanAtha, solApura, 1903, pRSTha 117. 12. DaoN. ema.ema. ghATage yAMnI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha yAMcI zikavaNa va aitihAsika mahatva asA lekha ardhamAgadhImadhe lihilA tyAce marAThI bhASAMtara, DaoN. mAdhava raNadive, sAtArA yAMnI 'suprabhAta', sitaMbara 1951. . 13. kosaMbI, dharmAnanda, dharmAnaMda smAraka TrasTa, muMbaI, 1949. 14. DaoN. prA. AkkoLe, uparokta pRSTha 29-30... 15. DaoN. Dere ra.ci., uparokta, pRSTha 4, DaoN. AkkoLe uparokta pRSTha 67-68. 16.. kSIrasAgara je.ena. - pAvAbhyudaya, anuvAdita marAThI pustaka, vittacaMda mANikacaMda gAMdhI, usmAnAbAda 1968. 17. paMDita-bhisIkara, na.ja., uparokta. 18. Dhere na.ci. uparokta, pRSTha 4. 19. DaoN. AkkoLe subhASacandra, uparokta pustaka, pRSTha 268 20. vahI, pRSTha kra. 291 se 296 21. sAdhanA divAlI aMka 1974, maMguDakara (saMpA) mahArASTra ANi jaina saMskRti, 1988, pRSTha 25.. 22. paMDita sumatibAI zahA, pUrNAdhya, uparokta, pRSTha 600.

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha - pro. DaoN. lAlacanda jaina* bhagavAna pArzvanAtha jaina dharma ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| bhAratIya dArzanikoM, vizeSakara DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, esa,ena. dAsa guptA, ema. hirimannA, DaoN. ena. ke. devarAja, cakradhara zarmA, pArasanAtha dvivedI, ne sArvabhaumika aura trikAlika sattAvAna mahApuruSa mAnakara unake prati apanI zraddhA prakaTa kI hai| inameM se katipaya manISiyoM ke vicAra prastuta haiN| __DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana kI mAnyatA hai ki pArzvanAtha IsA se 776 varSa pUrva nirvANa ko prApta hue the| esa.ena. dAsa guptA ne bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI pArzva, jo aMtima se pahale tIrthaMkara the, mahAvIra se koI DhAI sau varSa pUrva mRtyu ko prApta hue kahe jAte haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra se sUcita hotA hai ki pArzva sambhavata: eka aitihAsika vyakti the|' esa. hiriyannA ne pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue kahA hai ki inameM se pArzvanAtha ko, jo vardhamAna se pahale hue the aura jinheM AThavIM zatAbdI I. pU. kA mAnA jAtA haiM, eka aitihAsika puruSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki unake anuyAyI vardhamAna ke samakAlIna the|' cakradhara zarmA ke vicAra haiM ki tiisaveM tIrthakara pArasanAtha ni:saMdeha aitihAsika vyakti the jo AThavIM yA nauvI zatI I. pU. hue the|' pArasanAtha dvivedI ne bhAratIya darzana meM likhA hai ki teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika mahApuruSa the| inakA janma mahAvIra se lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva IsavI san ke ATha sau varSa pUrva vArANasI ke rAjA azvapati ke yahAM huA thaa| 30 varSa kI avasthA meM rAjasI vaibhava kA parityAga kara sanyAsa le liyA aura ghora tapasyA kii| 70 varSa taka jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| cAra mahAvrata ahiMsA, satya, anasteya aura aparigraha para vizeSa jora diyaa|' * prAkRta zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 145 Adhunika bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke uparyukta udgAroM se siddha hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiM / inako aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAnane kA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki hamAre zAstroM meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pUrvavartI tIrthakaroM kI taraha inake janmAdi kA kalpanAtIta saMkhyA meM varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya yativRSabha, guNabhadra prabhRti ne buddhigrAhya saMkhyA meM pArzvanAtha ke saMbaMdha meM kathana kiyA hai| jaise yativRSabha ne kahA hai ki bhagavAn neminAtha ke janma ke 84650 varSa bItane ke pazcAt bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma huA thA, aura pArzvanAtha ke utpanna hone ke 278 varSa bItane ke bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma huA thA evaM inakI Ayu 100 varSa kI thI aura ye 9 hAtha pramANa zarIra vAle the / bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI taraha pAzcAtya manISiyoM ne bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko mahApuruSa mAnakara unakI aitihAsikatA siddha kI hai| isa sambandha meM pro. praphulla kumAra modI kA kathana hai ki 'pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kI inhIM ghaTanAoM ko sAmane rakhakara vidvAnoM ne pArzvanAtha ke saMbaMdha meM anveSaNa kArya kiyA hai| jisake phalasvarUpa aba yaha nizcita hai ki pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika vyakti the / yaha siddha karane kA zreya jekobI ko hai| unhoM ne esa.bI. i. ke 45 veM grantha kI bhUmikA ke 31 se 35veM pRSThoM para isa saMbaMdha meM kucha sabala pramANa diye haiM, jinake kAraNa isa saMbaMdha meM aba kisI vidvAna ko zaMkA nahIM raha gaI hai| DaoN. jekobI ke atirikta anya vidvAnoM ne bhI isa viSaya meM khojabIna kI hai aura apanA mata prastuta kiyA hai| ina vidvAnoM meM se pramukha haiM kaulabuka, sTIvensana, eDavarDa TAmasa, DaoN. belavekara, dAsa guptA, DaoN. rAdhA kRSNana, zArpenTiyara, gerInoTa, majUmadAra, IliyaTa tathA pusin.|' isa prakAra itihAsa prasiddha aura virATa vyaktitva ke mahArNava bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI jIvanagAthA vibhinna kAloM meM vibhinna bhASAoM meM raca kara manISI cintakoM ne apanI zraddhA prakaTa kI hai| pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se AkarSita hokara apabhraMza bhASA meM vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI se lekara solahavIM zatAbdI taka purANa, kAvya, stotra Adi likhe jAte rahe haiN| inake

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146 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha lekhakoM meM se AcArya puSpadanta, devadatta, sAgaradatta, A. padmakIrti, vivudha zrIdhara devacandra, raidhu, asavAla, tejapAla aura sAgaradattasUri ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| pArzvanAtha ke saMbaMdha meM inakI kRtiyoM meM mahatvapUrNa tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jisase unakI aitihAsikatA siddha hotI hai| isalie ukta graMthakAroM ke granthoM kA saMkSipta AloDana karanA Avazyaka hai| 1. AcArya puSpadanta kRta mahApurANa vi. saM. 10vI zatAbdI ke AcArya puSpadanta ne 102 saMdhiyoM meM apabhraMza bhASA meM mahApurANa kI racanA kii| isa kI 93 aura 94vI saMdhi meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke vigata aura vartamAna bhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha varNana guNasena AcArya ke uttara purANa ke AdhAra para kiyA huA pratIta hotA hai| ata: isakI kathAvastu paramparAgata hai| isakI 93vI saMdhi meM batalAyA gayA hai ki podanapura ke rAjA aravinda ke maMtrI vizvabhUti kI patnI ke garbha se kamaTha aura marubhUti nAmaka do putra hue the| apane choTe bhAI vizvabhUti kI patnI vasundharA ke sAtha gupta saMbaMdha sthApita karane ke kAraNa marubhUti dvArA zikAyata kiye jAne para rAjA ne use sira muDavA kara aura gadhe para car3hA kara nagara meM ghumavA kara apane rAjya se nirvAsita karane kA daMDa diyA thaa| kamaTha ne vana meM jAkara zaivadharma ke anuyAyiyoM se dIkSA le lii| marubhUti ko apane bar3e bhAI ke nirvAsana kA du:kha huaa| rAjA ke manA karane para bhI apane bar3e bhAI se kSamA mAMgane aura ghara vApisa lAne ke lie marubhUti kamaTha ke pAsa gyaa| kamaTha ne krodhita hokara usake sira para caTTAna se AghAta kara use mAra ddaalaa| marubhUti mara kara vajraghoSa hAthI huaa| isa pahale bhava se ghaTI ghaTanA ke kAraNa kamaTha marubhUti ke prati vaira-baMdha kara dasa bhavoM taka kamaTha ke jIva ne kukkuTa sarpa, ajagara, kuraMga bhIla, siMha, mahipAla aura jyotiSa deva ke rUpa meM, marubhUti ke jIva hAthI, razmivega muni, vajranAbhi muni, Ananda muni aura pArzvanAtha para krUratA pUrvaka ghAta aura upasarga kiye| pariNAmasvarUpa kamaTha ke jIva ko tIna bAra naraka jAnA pdd'aa| marubhUti ne kramaza: AtmotthAna

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 147 kiyaa| isalie sahasrAra, acyuta, madhyapraiveyaka aura prANata svargoM meM utpanna hokara svargoM ke sukhoM ko bhogate hue ve tIrthaMkara hue aura anta meM unhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyaa| ukta bhavoM kA varNana puSpadanta ne 94vI saMdhi meM kiyA __puSpadanta ne ukta kathA ke prasaMga meM pArzvanAtha ke garbha, janma, dIkSA aura nirvANa sambandhI mahatvapUrNa tithiyoM kA ullekha kiyA jinakI carcA yathA sthAna kI jaayegii| 2. devadatta kRta pAsaNAhacariu DaoN. devendra kumAra ne apane graMtha 'apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyoM meM ullekha kiyA hai ki apabhraMza bhASA ke khyAti prApta devadatta ne 'pAsaNAha cariu' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thI, jo aba anupalabdha hai| jaMbUsvAmI cariu se jJAta hotA hai ki devadatta 'vIra kavi' ke pitA aura lAvarDa gotrI the| inhoM ne varaMgacariu' kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| lekina jaMbUsvAmi cariu meM 'pAsaNAhacariu' kA ullekha nahIM hai, isase siddha hotA hai ki vIra kavi ke pitA devadatta ne pAsaNAhacariu kI racanA nahIM kii| yadi unhoMne pAsaNAhacariu' kI racanA kI hotI to usakA bhI ullekha avazya huA hotaa| isa se siddha hotA hai ki 'pAsaNAha cariu' ke praNetA 'varaMgacariMu' ke uddhAraka devadatta se bhinna haiN| 3. sAgaradatta sUri kRta pAsa purANa _ vi.saM. 1076 meM sAgaradatta sUri ne gyAraha saMdhiyoM meM pAsa purANa kI racanA kI thI, jo adyatana anupalabdha hai|14 4. AcArya padmakIrti kRta pAsaNAhacariu vi.sa. 1134 (zaka saM. 999) meM padmakIrti ne 'pAsaNAhacariu' . nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| inake saMbaMdha meM kevala itanA hI jJAta hai

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148 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ki ye eka muni the aura inake gurU kA nAma jiNasena (jinasena ) thaa| DaoN. praphulla kumAra modI ne inheM sapramANa dakSiNa kA mAnA hai / 15 padamkIrti ne apanI isa kRti meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke caritra kA varNana vividha ghaTanAoM sahita 18 saMdhiyoM, 310 kar3avakoM aura 3323 se kucha adhika paMktiyoM meM kiyA, aisA unhoMne svayaM ullekha kiyA hai / " pahalI saMdhi se sAtavI saMdhi taka bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ke vigata bhavoM ke varNana ke pazcAt pArzvanAtha ke vartamAna bhava kA vizada vivecana, zeSa sandhiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| AThavIM saMdhi meM padmakIrti ne likhA hai ki vaijayanta svarga se cyuta hokara kanaka prabhadeva vArANasI ke rAjA hayasena kI rAnI vAmA ke garbha meM avatarita huA / nauvIM saMdhi meM 16 varSa kI Ayu taka kI gaI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI bAla krIr3AoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaba pArzva ko mAlUma huA unake mAmA ravikIrti ke sahAyatArtha yavanarAja se yuddha karane ke lie unake pitA jA rahe haiM to unheM roka kara pArzvanAtha pitAzrI se Adeza lekara yuddha karane cala par3ate haiM / bhayaMkara yuddha kara pArzvanAtha yavanarAja ko bandI banA lete haiM / isakA varNana padmakIrti ne 11vI aura 12vI saMdhi meM vistAra se kiyA, jo inake pUrvavartI kisI AcArya ke pArzva saMbaMdhI graMtha meM upalabdha nahIM hai / terahavIM saMdhi meM ravikIrti ke dvArA rakhe gaye. isa prastAva ko pArzvanAtha svIkAra kara lete haiM ki prabhAvatI nAmaka rAjakumArI ke sAtha vivAha kara leNge| isake pazcAt tApasoM dvArA jalAye jAne vAlI lakar3I meM se adhajale sarpa ko pArzvanAtha dvArA maMtra sunAne, maMtra ke prabhAva se mare usa nAga ko pAtAla meM vandIvara deva hone, sarpa kI mRtyu dRzya ko dekhakara pArzva ko vairAgya hone, aura jina dIkSA Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ke bhagavAn pArzvanAtha dvArA tapa, saMyama aura dhyAna karane, kamaTha ke jIva asurendra dvArA unapara bhayaMkara upasarga karane, dharaNendra dvArA una upasargoM ko dUra karane, pArzvanAtha ko kevala jJAna utpanna hone Adi kA varNana isa graMtha kI 14vIM saMdhi meM huA hai| 15vIM saMdhi meM indra dvArA samavazaraNa kI racanA karane, hastinApura ke rAjA svayaMbhU kA jina dIkSA lekara prathama gaNadhara hone,

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 149 svayaMbhU kI rAjakumArI prabhAvatI (jo pUrva bhava ke marubhUti kI vasundharI nAmaka patnI thI) dvArA AryikA dIkSA lekara saMgha kI pradhAna AryikA hone Adi kA ullekha huA hai| zeSa saMdhiyoM meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke vihAra, upadeza Adi kA varNana vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| 5. vibudha zrIdhara kRta pAsaNAhacariu vikrama kI 12vI zatAbdI meM utpanna vibudha zrIdhara (prathama) ne apabhraMza bhASA meM vi.saM. 1189 meM agahana mAha ke kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI ko dillI meM 'pAsaNAhacariuM' kI racanA kI thI, aisA unhoMne apane 'vaDDhamANacariu' aura 'pAsaNAhacariu' meM ullekha kiyA hai| yaha grantha 2500 gAthA pramANa hai, jo 12 saMdhiyoM aura 238 kar3avakoM meM samApta huA hai / 18 budha golha aura vIlhA devI ke putra tathA pAsaNAhacariu' ke alAvA 'vaDDhamANa cariu' aura caMdappaha cariu' ke sRjaka kavi vibudha zrIdhara ne isa grantha kI racanA paramparA se prApta pArzvanAtha ke kathAnaka ke AdhAra para kI hai| isameM bha. pArzva ke vartamAna bhava kA varNana prArambha meM aura vigata bhavoM kA varNana aMtima saMdhiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| vibudha zrIdhara kA yaha grantha Ajataka aprakAzita hai| isa grantha kI doM hastalikhita pANDulipiyAM20 nimnAMkita grantha bhaMDAroM meM surakSita hai : 1. . Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura 2. agravAla di. jaina bar3A mandira, motI kaTarA, AgarA 6. devacandra kRtaM pAsaNAhacariu - DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ke anusAra kavi devacandra vi. saM. 12vI zatAbdI ke kavi, mUla saMgha gaccha ke vidvAna aura vAsavacandra ke ziSya the|21 gudijja nagara ke pArzvanAtha maMdira meM racita mahAkAvya meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke vartamAna aura pUrva bhavoM ko 11 sandhiyoM aura 202 kar3avakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / 22

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150 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha yaha grantha aprakAzita hai23 / vi.saM. 1549 meM likhita isa grantha kI eka prati paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ke niji saMgraha meM aura vi. saM. 1520 meM likhita eka prati pAsapurANa' ke nAma se sarasvati bhavana, nAgaura meM surakSita hai| 7. mahAkavi raidhu kRta pAsaNAhacariu pro. DaoN. rAjA rAma jaina ke anusAra harisiMha aura vijaya zrI ke tIsare putra tathA vi. saM. 1457 se 1536 ke mahAkavi aura gopacala (gvAliyara) ko apane janma se pavitra karane vAle raidhu ne 37 granthoM kI racanA kI thii25| inhoMne apabhraMza bhASA meM pAsaNAhacariu' nAmaka granthaM bhI rcaa| sAta saMdhiyoM aura 138 kar3avakoM vAle isa grantha ke prArambha meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke vartamAna bhava kA aura anta meM pUrva bhavoM kA varNana uttarapurANa . ke AdhAra para kiyA hai|26 prathama saMdhi meM vArANasI ke rAjA azva aura rAnI vAmA devI ke vaibhava kA varNana karane ke pazcAt dUsarI saMdhi meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke garbha aura janma kalyANaka kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki baizAkha kRSNa dvitiyA ko bha. pArzvanAtha vAmA devI ke garbha meM avatarita hue the aura pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ke zubha nakSatra meM unakA janma huA thaa| indra ne inakA nAma pArzvanAtha rakhA thaa| isake pazcAt batalAyA gayA hai ki bha. pArzvanAtha ne 30 varSa taka bAla krIr3AyeM kii| tIsarI saMdhi meM kuza-sthala ke rAjA arkakIrti kI ora se pArzva dvArA yavanarAjA se jIte gaye yuddha, prabhAvatI ke sAtha vivAha karAne saMbaMdhI arkakIrti ke prastAva kA pArzva dvArA svIkAra kiye jAne, tApasoM dvArA jalAye jAne vAle vRkSa ke koTara ke madhya se nikale adhajale sarpayugala27 ko unake dvArA maMtra diye jAne, unakI mRtyu se pArzvanAtha ko vairAgya hone kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM anuprekSAoM kA jaisA vizad varNana kiyA gayA hai vaisA inake pUrvavartI kisI 'pAsANAhacariu' meM upalabdha nahIM hai| cauthI saMdhi meM pramukha rUpa se pArzvanAtha dvArA lI gaI jina dIkSA, saMvara deva dvArA kiye gaye ghora upasargoM ko dharaNendra aura padmAvatI dvArA dUra karane, caitra mAha ke kRSNa pakSa kI caturthI aura zubha

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 151 nakSatra meM bha. pArzvanAtha ko kevala jJAna prApta hone 29, saMvaradeva dvArA kSamA mAMgane Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zeSa saMdhiyoM meM pArzvanAtha ke vihAra, upadeza, pUrva bhavAntaro, sammeda zikhara para zrAvaNa zuklA saptamI ko nirvANa hone kA vivecana upalabdha hai / 31 8. kavi asavAla kRta pAsaNAhacariu DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne UhApoha dvArA inakA samaya vi. kI 15vIM zatAbdI sunizcita kiyA hai / golArADa vaMza meM lakSmaNa ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna budha asavAla ne loNAsAhu ke anurodha se apane jyeSTha bhAI soNika ke lie apabhraMza bhASA meM bha. pArzvanAtha ke vigata aura vartamAna bhava saMbaMdhI ghaTanAoM ko kAvya ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyA thA / 12 budha asavAla ne apane 'pAsaNAhacariu' ko 13 saMdhiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isakI kathAvastu paramparAgata hai| yaha grantha adyatana aprakAzita hai / DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI ke ullekhAnusAra isa graMtha kI 150 patroM vAlI apUrNa pANDulipi kI eka prati zrI agravAla digambara jaina bar3A mandira, motI kaTarA, AgarA meM vidyamAna hai / 33 9. tejapAla kRta pAsapurANa vi.saM. 1506 se saM. 1596 ke madhya janma lene vAle aura tAlhaDama sAhu ke putra kavi tejapAla ne saMbhavaNAha cariu aura varaMga cariu ke alAvA pAsaNAha purANa kI racanA kI thI / 34 yaha eka khaNDakAvya hai, jisakI racanA paddhar3iyA chanda meM huI hai / DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne isa saMbaMdha meM vizeSa paricaya diyA hai| yaha graMtha Ajataka aprakAzita hai / DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI ke anusAra isakI eka prati Amera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura aura eka prati bar3e dhar3e kA digambara jaina maMdira, ajamera meM surakSita hai / 35 10. pAsajiNa jaMmakalasu isake racayitA ajJAta haiN| isa aprakAzita grantha kI 350 - 351 patra vAlI pAMDulipi khetaravasI bhaNDAra, pATana meM upalabdha hai / 26

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152 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha . 11.pArzvanAtha bhavAntara jayakIrti dvArA praNIta yaha grantha anupalabdha hai|37 12.sAgaradatta sUri kRta pAsapurANa ___ sAgaradatta sUri ke pAsaNAha graMtha kA ullekha DaoN. devendra ku. zAstrI ne kiyA hai| na to yaha racanA upalabdha hai aura na racanAkAra ke saMbaMdha meM koI jAnakArI prApta hai| upalabdha pAsaNAhacariu ke AdhAra para una mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA vivecana karanA Avazyaka hai jo unheM eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa siddha karatI haiN| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ke pUrva bhava bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ke dasa bhavoM kA varNana puSpadanta, padmakIrti aura raidhu ne vistAra se kiyA hai| unake pUrva bhavoM meM unake nAmoM ke saMbaMdha meM unameM matavaiSamya bhI hai| pahale bhava meM pArzvanAtha ke jIva ko vizvabhUti aura kamaTha ke jIva. ko kamaTha kaha kara apabhraMza ke ukta mahAkaviyoM ne uttarapurANa kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| dUsare bhava meM pArzvanAtha ke jIva ko puSpadanta ne vajraghoSa hasti, A. padmakIrti ne azanighoSa hasti tathA raidhu ne pavighoSa kari aura isa bhava meM kamaTha ke jIva ko eka svara se unhoMne kukkuTa sarpa hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| tIsare bhava meM pArzvanAtha ke jIva ko eka sahasrAra kalpa kA deva aura kamaTha ko dhUmaprabha naraka kA jIva likha kara AcArya guNabhadra kA puSpadanta Adi ne anukaraNa kiyaa| kevala padamakIrti ne kamaTha ke jIva ko naraka gayA likhA hai, naraka kA nAma nahIM diyaa| cauthe bhava meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIva ko puSpadanta ne vidyutavega aura taDinmAlA kA putra razmivega, padmakIrti ne vidyutagati aura madanAvalI kA putra kiraNavega evaM raidhu ne azanigati aura taDitavega kA putra

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 153 bhava meM puSpadanta Adi ne pArzva ke jIva ko acyuta kalpa kA indra aura kamaTha ke jIka ko puSpadanta ne tamabhrama naraka meM, padmakIrti ne raudra naraka meM aura raidhu ne paMcama naraMka meM janma lene kA ullekha kiyaa| chaThe bhava meM pArzvanAtha puSpadanta ke anusAra vajravIrya rAjA aura vijayA rAnI ke vajrabAhu cakravartI putra the| padmakIrti ne vajravIrya aura lakSmImati tathA raidhu ne vajravIrya aura vijayA kA putra vajranAbha honA batalAyA hai| kamaTha ke isa bhava ke jIva kA nAma puSpadantAnusAra bhIla kuraMgaka aura zeSa kaviyoM ke anusAra zabara kuraMzaka thaa| sAtaveM bhava meM pArzvanAtha ke jIva ko puSpadanta ne madhyama graiveyaka kA evaM padmakIrti tathA raidhu ne graiveyaka kA deva kahA hai| puSpadanta aura padmakIrti ne isa bhava meM kamaTha ke jIva ko naraka jAne kA ullekha kiyA jabaki raidhu ne atitama naraka meM jAnA mAnA hai| AThaveM bhava meM pArzva ko puSpadanta ne guNabhadra kI taraha vajrabAhu aura prabhaMkarI kA putra Ananda maNDalezvara, padmakIrti ne kanakaprabha cakravartI aura raidhu ne Ananda cakravartI kahA hai| isa bhava meM kamaTha ke jIva ko siMha honA likhA hai| puSpadanta isake apavAda haiN| nauveM bhava meM pArzvanAtha ko puSpadanta ne prANata kalpa kA, padmakIrti ne vaijayaMta kA aura raidhu ne. caudahaveM kalpa kA deva kahA hai jabaki kamaTha ke jIva ko naraka gAmI, padmakIrti ne raudra naraka aura raidhu ne dhUma prabha naraka. gAmI batalAyA hai| dasaveM bhava meM kamaTha ko puSpadanta ne mahipAla nAmaka rAjA aura pArzva kA nAnA kahA hai| padmakIrti ne use tApasa aura raidhu ne kamaTha kahA hai| pArzva ke mAtA-pitA ___ bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke mAtA-pitA ke nAma ke saMbaMdha meM AcAryoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| mahAkavi puSpadanta9 ne guNabhadra kI taraha pitA kA nAma vizvasena aura mAtA kA nAma brAhmI likhA hai| A. padmakIrti ne unake pitA kA nAma hayasena kaha kara A. yativRSabha kA anukaraNa kiyA hai|" kintu raidhu ne unake pitA kA nAma azvasena likhA hai| unakI mAtA ko padmakIrti aura raidhu ne na to puSpadanta kI taraha brAhamI aura na yativRSabha

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 154 . kI taraha varmilA nAma diyaa| ina donoM ne unakA nAma vAmA devI likhA pArzva kI janma bhUmi puSpadanta Adi sabhI AcAryoM ne pArzvanAtha kI janma bhUmi vArANasI mAnI hai| jaina dharma kI donoM paramparAeM Aja bhI bhelapura, vArANasI. ko unakI janmabhUmi mAnatI haiN| pArzva kI janma tithi ... bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI janmatithi ke saMbaMdha meM AcAryoM meM matabheda nahIM hai| AcArya padmakIrti ne yadyapi tithi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, kintu A. guNabhadra kI taraha mAnA hai ki bha. neminAthaM ke 83750 varSoM bAda zubha nakSatra yoga meM pArzvanAtha kA janma huA thaa|5 ullekhanIya hai ki yativRSabha6 ne84650 varSa kA antarAla bha. neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke madhya mAnA hai| A. puSpadanta aura raidhu ne yativRSabha aura guNabhadra kA anukaraNa karate hue pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ko zubha nakSatra meM prAta:kAla bha. pArzva kA janma honA mAnA hai| kintu yativRSabha kI taraha vizAkhA nakSatra meM unake janma hone kA kisI bhI pAsaNAhacariu meM ullekha nahIM huA hai| pArzva kA vaMza aura gotra A. padmakIrti ora raidhu ko chor3akara A. puSpadanta' ne bha. pArzva ko ugravaMzI kahakara guNabhadra aura yativRSabha kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| kintu unhoMne uttarapurANa'2 kI taraha pArzvanAtha ke pitA ko kAzyapa gotrI hone kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| pArzva kA nAmakaraNa apabhraMza bhASA ke sabhI AcAryoM ne A. guNabhadra kI taraha nirdeza kiyA hai ki bha. pArzvanAtha kA nAmakaraNa indra ne abhiSeka ke bAda kiyA thA /

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 155 kisI ne aisA nahIM kahA hai ki jaba ve apane mAtA ke garbha meM the taba unakI mAtA ne pArzva arthAt bagala meM kAlA sarpa dekhA thA, isalie unakA nAma pArzva yA pArzvanAtha huaa| vivAha karAne kA prastAva ___ A. padmakIrti aura raidhu ne pArzvanAtha aura pavanarAja ke madhya ghamAsAna yuddha hone kA vistAra se varNana karane bAda meM ullekha kiyA hai ki jaba unake mAmA ravikIrti (arkakIrti) ne apanI beTI prabhAvatI ke sAtha vivAha karAne kA unake samakSa prastAva rakhA to pArzvanAtha ne use svIkAra kara liyaa| kintu unake vivAha hone kA kisI bhI pAsaNAhacariu meM ullekha nahIM huA hai| isalie majUmadAra kA yaha kathana satya nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha kA vivAha huA thaa|56 vairAgya kA kAraNa . .: bha. pArzvanAtha ke vairAgya hone ke kAraNoM kA ullekha sabhI pAsaNahacariu' sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| A puSpadanta ne isakA kAraNa AcArya guNasena kI taraha 7.jAtismaraNa mAnA hai|8 jaba ki A. padmakIrti59 aura raidhu ne lakar3I ke madhya se nikale ardhajale sarpa kI mutyu ke dRzya ko unake vairAgya kA kAraNa mAnA hai|61 dIkSA _bha. pArzvanAtha kI dIkSA kaba aura kahAM huI yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| AcArya puSpadanta 2 ne tiloyapaNNatti aura uttarapurANa' kA anukaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki vimalA nAmaka pAlakI para baiTha kara azvastha vana meM pauSa zuklA ekAdazI ko pUrvAhana meM tIna sau rAjAoM ke sAtha bha. pArzvanAtha ne jina dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| A. yativRSabha ke anusAra yaha dIkSA vizAkhA nakSatra meM huI thii| puSpadanta aura guNabhadra meM antara yaha hai ki guNabhadra ne pauSa

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156 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kRSNa ekAdazI ko prAta:kAla dIkSita hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| A. padmakIrti ne unakI dIkSA tithi, pAlakI, dIkSita vana kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kevala ATha upavAsa kA nizcaya kara jina dIkSA lenA likhA hai| mahAkavi raidhu ne kahA hai ki pauSa zuklA dazamI ko bha. pArzvanAtha ne dIkSA grahaNa kI thii|5 pAlakI kA nAmollekha raidhu ne bhI nahIM kiyaa| kintu eka . aise yAna kA ullekha kiyA jo sUrya ke ratha ke samAna thaa| usI para baiTha kara pArzvanAtha ne ahicchatra nagara ke vana meM jAkara dIkSA lI thii| prathama pAraNA bha. pArzvanAtha kI prathama pAraNA kaba-kahAM huI aura kisako isa. pAraNA karAne kA saubhAgya milA? yaha bhI cintanIya hai| isa saMbaMdha meM pAsaNAhacariu' ke praNetAoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| A, puSpadanta ne AcArya guNabhadra kA anukaraNa karate hue mata prakaTa kiyA hai ki bha. pArzvanAtha kI prathama pAraNA aSTopavAsa ke bAda gulmakheTa ke rAjA brahma ke yahA~ huI thI / puSpadanta ne rAjA ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA jaba ki uttarapurANa meM rAjA kA nAma zyAma varNavAlA dhanya likhA hai8 | padmakIrti69 aura raidhu isa bAta se to sahamata haiM ki unakI prathama pAraNA gajapura ke rAjA varadatta ke yahAM aSTopavAsa ke bAda huI thii| kevala yativRSabha ne hI aSTopavAsa ke bAda prathama pAraNA kA ullekha kiyA hai| upasarga nivAraNa ___ jaba dIkSA le kara pArzvanAtha ghora tapa kara rahe the, usI samaya kamaTha ke jIva ne. jo unake janmAntaroM kA vairI thA, sAta dinoM taka bhayAnaka upasarga kara unheM jAna se mArane kA prayAsa kiyaa| isakA varNana puSpadanta Adi sabhI apabhraMza ke mahAkaviyoM ne kiyA hai| yahAM prazna yaha hai ki upasarga karane vAlA deva kauna thA? jisa tApasa ne nAga ke jor3e ko maraNAsanna kara diyA thA usane abhimAna pUrvaka anazana tapa kara aura jIva hiMsA tathA parigraha kA tyAga kara deva yoni prApta kI thii| puSpadanta aura

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 157 idhu ne usa deva kA nAma saMvara batalA kara AcArya guNabhadra kA anukaraNa kiyA hai72 kintu padmakIrti ne use meghamalla (meghamAlI) aura kamaTha kahA hai / 73 I usa saMvara deva yA meghamAlI deva kRta bhayaMkara upasargoM kA nivAraNa kaise huA? isa saMbaMdha meM puSpadanta 3 ne AcArya guNabhadra75 kA anukaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki pUrvajanma meM maMtra sunAne se upakRta hue dharaNendra aura padmAvatI pRthvI se bAhara Aye / dharaNendra ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko cAroM ora se ghera kara apanI godI meM uThA liyaa| padmAvatI vajramaya chatra tAna vahAM khar3I ho gii| isa prakAra usa bhayAnaka mahAvRSTi rUpa upasarga ko unhoMne vinaSTa kiyaa| padmakIrti76 ne upasarga nivAraNa kI carcA karate hue puSpadanta kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| raMidhu ke ukta kathana meM kucha aMtara hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki phaNIzvara aura padmAvatI ne pradakSiNA de stuti Adi karane ke pazcAt upasarga dUra karane vAlA kamalAsana banAyA aura usa para pArasanAtha ko . virAjamAna kara use apane mastaka para rakha kara unake Upara hone vAle upasargoM ko dUra kiyaa| 77 kevala jJAna kI prApti bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko kaba aura kahAM kevalaM jJAna kI prApti huI? isa saMbaMdha meM ukta AcAryoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| AcArya yativRSabha aura guNabhadraM" kA anukaraNa karate hue puSpadanta" aura raidhu" ne caitramAha ke kRSNa pakSa meM unheM kevala jJAna hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / kintu ukta jJAna prakaTa hone kI tithi puSpadanta ne pratipadA, raidhu ne yativRSabha kI taraha . caturthI aura guNabhadra ne caturdazI likhI hai / A. padmakIrti isa saMbaMdha meM mauna haiM / raidhu ko chor3a kara puSpadanta ne yativRSabha aura guNabhadra kI taraha mAnA hai ki unheM yaha jJAna vizAkhA nakSatra meM prApta huA thA / kintu kisI bhI pAsaNAhacariu meM na to yativRSabha kI taraha ukta jJAna pUrvAhna meM hone kA nirdeza hai aura na guNabhadra kI taraha prAta: kAla meM hone kA nirdeza hai / yaha kevalajJAna pArzvanAtha ko dIkSA-vana meM hone kA ullekha puSpadanta ne kiyA

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha hai| padmakIrti ne bhImATavI-2 vana meM aura yativRSabha ne zakrapura meM ukta jJAna prApta hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| chadmAvasthA yahAM yaha bhI vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai ki kitane samaya taka tapa karane ke pazcAt bha. pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI thii| padamakIrti aura raidhu isa sambandha meM mauna haiN| A. puSpadanta ne yativRSabha aura guNabhadra kI taraha ullekha kiyA hai ki cAra mAha taka tapa karane ke pazcAt unheM kevalajJAna milA thaa|83 kamaTha kA bhayabhIta honA aura pArva kI zaraNa meM jAnA . jaba kamaTha ko jJAta huA ki bha. pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna mila gayA hai to usake mana meM bhayamizrita cintA huii|4 padmakIrti aura raidhu5 ne kahA hai ki jaba kamaThAsura kI indra ke vajra se kahIM bhI. rakSA na huI to vaha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI zaraNa meM gyaa| unheM praNAma kara vaha bhaya mukta ho gyaa| usane kSamA yAcanA karate hue aneka prakAra se apanI gardA kI aura harSita mana se samyaktva grahaNa kara samasta pApa-doSoM se mukta ho gyaa| usakA kumati jJAna bhI naSTa ho gyaa| .. zramaNa saMgha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA saMgha vizAla hone kA ullekha. huA hai| sarvaprathama hastinApura ke rAjA svayaMbhU dIkSA le kara prathama gaNadhara banA aura usakI putrI prabhAvatI (marubhUti kI vasundharI patnI) jina dIkSA le kara AryikA saMgha kI pradhAna AryikA huii| yadyapi isa sambandha meM yativRSabha aura guNabhadra se matabhinnatA prakaTa hai| kyoMki yativRSabha sulokA ko aura guNabhadra ne sulocanA" ko pradhAna AryikA mAnA hai| unake caturvidha saMgha meM zramaNa, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA 9 nimnAMkita hai :

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 159 raidhu tiloyapaNNati uttarapurANa puSpadanta 1. gaNadhara 2. pUrvamAtA 3. muni (mokSagAmI) 16000 0 400 1800 350 16000 350 16000 4. zikSaka 10950 10900 10950 5. avadhijJAnI 1400 1500 1400 1400 6. kevalajJAnI . 1000 1500 1000 1000 7. vikriyAdhArI. 1000 1500 1000 1000 8. mana:paryayajJAnI 750 . 900 750 750 ..(vipulamatI) 9. vAdI 600 600 600 10. zrutajJAnI 800 11. AryikA * 36000 38000 3600 36000 12.zrAvaka eka lAkha eka lAkha eka lAkha eka lAkha 13. zrAvikAeM tIna lAkha tIna lAkha tIna lAkha tIna lAkha sattAisa hajAra 14. strImukti - 1900 sthAna vAle . 15. deva-deviyA~ saMkhyAtIta asaMkhyAta .... asaMkhyAta 16. tiryaJca saMkhyAta apramANa ... saMkhyAta dharmopadeza aura vihAra - puSpadanta ke anusAra 70 varSoM taka kintu A. guNabhadrAnusAra 5 mAha kama 70 varSoM vihAra karate hue bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne dharmopadeza dekara jIvoM kA kalyANa kiyA thaa|90 nirvANa ... puSpadanta, padmakIrti aura raidhu ne prAcIna paramparA kA anukaraNa karate hue mAnA hai ki, bhagavAn pArzvanAtha caturvidha saMgha ko jJAna pradAna

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160 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha karate hue jaba unakI Ayu mAtra eka mAha zeSa raha gaI thI 36 muniyoM ke sAtha sammeda zikhara para pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara virAjamAna ho gaye aura vahIM para 100 varSa kI Ayu meM ukta muniyoM ke sAtha mokSa prApta kiyA thA / padmakIrti ke alAvA puSpadanta aura raidhu ne tiloyapaNNatti aura uttarapurANa kI taraha apane granthoM meM nirvANa prApta karane kI tithi zrAvaNa zuklA saptamI aura vizAkhA nakSatra kA nirdeza kiyA hai / antara kevala itanA hai ki tiloyapaNNatti meM unheM pradoSakAla meM aura uttarapurANa meM prAta:kAla meM mokSa hone kA ullekha upalabdha hai, jabaki anya Alocya granthoM meM ukta kAla kA kathana nahIM huA hai| janasAmAnya Aja bhI vihAra meM sthita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa sthala sammeda zikhara ko pArasanAtha hila ke nAma se jAnate haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA tIrtha 250 varSoM aura yativRSabha ke anusAra 278 varSoM taka pravartita rahA / 92 uparyukta gahana vivecana se nimnAMkita bindu prakaTa hote haiM : 1. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana meM ghaTita mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAaiM unheM aitihAsika mahApuruSa siddha karane meM svataH pramANa haiN| 2. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana meM uttarottara Atma vikAsa kI paramparA upalabdha hai| isake viparIta kamaTha kA jIvana azubha kriyAjanma: uttarottara patana kA pratIka hai / ataH samyaktva aura AtmAlocana hI AtmotthAna kA sAdhana hai / 3. vikrama saMvat 10vI zatAbdI se 16 vI zatAbdI taka ke jaina AcAryoM ko bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA AkarSaka vyaktitva bahuta bhAyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki apabhraMza bhASA meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha viSayaka svataMtra mahAkAvyoM aura khaNDakAvyoM kI racanA kara AcAryoM ne unake prati apanI gAr3ha zraddhA prakaTa kI hai| inheM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke prati arcanA aura premasamarpaNa kA pratIka kahA jA sakatA hai| 4. pArzva viSayaka uparyukta sAhitya ke tulanAtmaka AloDana se jJAta hotA hai ki apabhraMza bhASA meM nibaddha pArzva viSayaka sAhitya kA AdhAra

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha AcArya yativRSabha kRta tiloyapaNNatti aura AcArya guNabhadra racita uttarapurANa rhaa| inameM Agata ghaTanAoM ko saMkoca aura vistAra pUrvaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 5. apabhraMza bhASA meM sRjita granthoM ke sarvekSaNa se jina bAraha granthoM kA ullekha huA, unameM se tIna mahAkAvya prakAzita, chaha aprakAzita aura tIna anupalabdha haiN| 6. ye grantha prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti, bhUgola aura itihAsa ke dharohara haiN| 7. upayukta viSayaka granthoM kI vibhinna bhaNDAroM meM vidyamAna pANDulipiyoM ko pazyato harA cUhoM, dImaka Adi dvArA hajama kara jAne kA bhaya hai, isalie anupalabdha aura aprakAzita upayukta granthoM kI pANDulipiyoM ko khojane aura prakAzita karAne kA nirNaya isa goSThI kI mahatvapUrNa upalabdhi ke rUpa meM karanA caahie| saMdarbha : 1. . (ka) dhartA dharaNanidhUtaM parvatoddharaNAsuraH / trayo viMzasya tIrthasya pAryo vijayatAM vibhuH / / ___ AcArya jinasena : harivaMza purANa, 1/25 . (kha) .. tevIsamu jiNu titthaMkaru pAva khayaMkara pAsaNAha z2agasAmiu / / .. . A. padmakIrti : pAsaNAhacariu, 15/8/12 2. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana : bhAratIya darzana (hindI) bhAga 1, pR. 264. 3. hindI anuvAda, bhAga 1, adhyAya 6, pR. 178. 4. bhAratIya darzana kI rUpa rekhA, pR. 156. 5. bhAratIya darzana, pR. 30. 6. bhAratIya darzana, pR. 96. 7. . (ka) A. yativRSabha, tiloya paNNatti, 4/576. . (kha) A. guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa, 73/93 meM aura A. padmakIrti ne pAsaNAhacariu . ___ meM 17/18/4 meM yaha saMkhyA 8350 batalAI hai| ........... /

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162 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 8. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/577. 9. vahI, 4/678. aura bhI dekheM - uttarapurANa,73/94, padamakIrti kRta pAsaNahacariu,17/15/92. 10. pAsaNAhacariu (saMpAdaka praphulla kumAra modI, prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI-5, san 1965)prastAvanA, pR. 42. 11. mahAkavi puSpadanta mahApurANa (saM. pI. ela. vaidya, maNikya candra digambara jaina granthamAlA, 1941) bhAga 3. 12. pR. 35. 13. sirilADavaggu tarhi vimalajasu, kaidevayattu nivvUDhakasu / bahubhAvahiM je varaMgacariu, paddhaDiyAbaMdhe uddhriu| 1/4 /2-3. 14. dekheM apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM, pR. 187. 15. pAsaNAhacariu, prastAvanA, (prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI 5, san 1965) pR. 20-25 16. aTharaha saMdhiu eNhu purANu tesaTThi purANe mahApurANu / ' saya tiNNi dahottara kaDavAyahaM NANAviha chNdsuhaavyaahN| tetIsa samaI tevIsayA' akkhara kiM pi svisesyaa| padmakIrti : pAsaNAhacariu, 18/20/1-3. 17 (ka) DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI : bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR. 137-144 . (kha) siri pAsacaritaM raiyaM buha sirihareNa guNamIrayaM / vaDDhamANa cariu (saMpAdaka, DaoN. rAjA rAma jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, san 1975) parizaSTa 1 (ka) pR. 286 (ga) saNavAsI eyAraha sarahiM kasaNaTThamIhiM AgahaNamAsi, ravivAri samANiU sisira bhaasi| (pAsaNAhacariu, 12/18/10-14) vahI pR. 286 18. siri pAsaNAha Nimmala carittu.. / par3avIsa sayaMi~ gaMtha ho pamANu.... / / vahI, pR. 286 19. (ka) vaDDhamANacariu, 1/3/2, 10/41/5 (kha) pAsaNAhacariu (vivudhazrIdhara, vaDDhamANacariu, saM DaoN. rAjArAma jaina, pariziSTa) 1(ka) pR. 280

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 163 20. DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM, pR. 146. 21. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pR. 180-184. 22. vahI, pR. 181-182 23. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM, pR. 147 24. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM, pR. 147 25. mahAkavi raidhu ke sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana (prAkRta jaina zAstra ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI, san 1973) pR. 120 26. dekheM raidhu granthAvalI (zrI jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, san 1975) bhAga 1, bhUmikA pR. 6-7 / 27. tA tikkhakuhAreM kohieNa, kaTu viyAriu teNa ssiru| addha addha taha urayajudha diTThau tattha dhuNaMtu siru / / 3/12/37 28. 3/13/8 evaM 3/14 - 3/36 / 29. 4/14/4 30. sakkahu bhaeNa puNu kamaTha suru, jiNasaNi paiTThau Naviya siru / bho Nicca NiraMjaNa pAsa jiNa mahu rakkhi savva hiyamaNaM / / . . 4/20/7 - 8 / 31. 7/3/78 32. DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR. 228-229 - 33, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM, pR. 146. 34. (ka) vahI, pR. 190 evaM pR. 146 (kha). tIrthaMkara ma. A. pa. bhAga 4, pR. 209-211 / 35. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRtiyAM, pR. 37, 179, 181, 36. vahI, pR. 207 37. vahI, pR. 215 38. vahI, pR. 187 39. tahiM atthi Narida vissaseNu guNakaMDiu / baMbhAdevIe bhuyalayAhiM avaruMDiu / / puSpadanta: mahApurANa, 94/12.

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 164 40. vArANasyAmabhUdvizvasenaH kazyapa gotraja: / brahmabhasya deva............. / / guNabhadra uttarapurANa 73 / 75. 41. hayasena vasai tahiM NaravariTTha... / padmakIrti pAsaNAhacariu, 1/3. 42. asseNa NAme tahiM NaravarA.... / raidhuH pAsaNAhacariu, 1/10/1 43. (ka) hayasena vammilAhi jAdo hi (kha) tahA vammadevi NAmeNa / padmakIrtiH pAsaNAhacariu, 8/2/1. (ga) taha tiya vammaevi / raidhu pAsaNAhacariu, 1/10/6. paasjinno| tiloyapaNNatti, 4/548. 44. dekheM - uttarapurANa, 73/74-95 45. (ka) teyAsI sahasaiM sattu Nemi-titthu paMcAsa vuttu / pA. pa., 17/18/3. (kha) 8/11. 50. mahApurANa, 94/22/3 | 51. (ka) uttarapurANa, 73 / 166 (kha) tiloyapaNNatti, 4/550 46. 4/576. 47. (ka) puSpadantaH mahApurANa, 74/15/40.11. (kha) raidhuH pAsaNAhacariu, 2/5/11. 48. pUsassa bahuta ekkArasie rikkhe visAhIe / tilIya paNNati, 4 / 548 49. . pauSe mAsyasite sutaH / . prAdurAsIdekAdazI tithau / / uttarapurANa, 73 / 90 52. uttarapurANa, 73 /75 53. (ka) aMMgu..., saI suravai pAsu Nvevi gAu / padmakIrti pA.ca., 18/23/3 (kha) puSpadantaH mahApurANa, 74 / 16 (ga) raidhuH pA.ca. 2/14/5 evaM 11 54. (ka). padmakIrtiH pAsaNAha cariu, 17/6 - 13/8 (kha) raidhuH pA. ca., 3/1 - 11/4 55. (ka) kara levi NariMde buttu deu, maha kaNNu pariNikari vavaNu eu| paDivaNNu kumAreM eu hou / / padmakIrti pA. ca. 13/9/3-4 (kha) raidhu pA. ca. 3/11/3 aura bhI dekheM 3/11/1-2 /

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 56. pro. praphulla kumAra modI, pAsaNAhacariu (padmakIrtikRta) prastAvanA, 39. 57. uttarapurANa, 73/120 - 124 58. mahApurANa, 94/22/1-7 59. pAsaNAhacariu, 13/11-12 60. pA. ca. 3/13/8 61. padmakIrti: pAsaNAhacariu, 13/12/1-7 62. vimalahi siviyahi AruDha deu..... / siya pakkhi pUsi eyArasIhi puvvaNahai... / . Asattha vaNaMtari laiya dikkha... / / mahApurANa 74/22-10-13 63. mAghassidaekkArasi puvvaNhe geNhade visAhAMsu / pavvajjaM pAsajiNo assatya vaNammi chaThTha bhatteNa / / tiloyapaNNatti, 4/666 64. Aruhya zivikA rUDhAM vimalAbhidhayA vibhuH| vidhASTamamAhAratyAgavane mhaa| uttarAbhimukhe mAse pakSe sitetre| . . ekAdazyAM supUrvAhaNe, samaM tizatabhUbhujaiH / / ... uttapurANa, 73/127-129 65. himapaDalapayAsahiM pUsahiM mAsahiM dahamihiM / - siripAsakumAra...dhariu teM NikkhamaNa bhru|| / . . . raidhuH pAsaNAhacariu, 4/2/53 66. vahI, 4/1 . 67. puSpadanta: mahApurANa, 94/22/14-15 evaM 94/23/1 68. uttarapurANa, 73/132-133 69. aMTThopavAsu jagaguru karevi parihArasuhi saMjau dharevi / ....... gau gayaura pura varadatta gehu| pAraNA titthu kijjai jinnenn...| padmakIrti pAsaNAha cariu, 13/14/5-7 70. aTThovasasi jiNu pAsu puNu.... / ... hathiNAuri varadattahu ji gihi.... / raidhuH pAsaNAhacariu, 4/3/3-6

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166 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 71. (ka) puSpadanta: mahApurANa, 94/23 (kha) padmakIrti pA. ca. 14/6-23 (ga) raidhuH pAsaNAha cariu, 4/7-11 72. (ka) .... gayaNaMgaNe saMvare joiyaM tattha / ...... saMbhariu cirajammu vairANubaMdha / puSpadanta: mahApurANa, 94/23/5-13 . . . (kha) tA saMvara deu ... / raidhuH pAsaNAhacariu, 4/57 evaM 4/7-8 (ga) dekheM uttara purANa, 73/136-138 73 (ka) .... mehamalli bhaDu kuddhu| pAsaNAhacariu, 14/5/5 . (kha) jaM jaM mellai bhAsura kamadu mahAsuru.... / vahI 14/27/5 74. tharaMhariya mahisayala dharaNiMdu NIsariu, .......... parameTThi privriu| . pomAvaiyAi devIi maNivipphuriyauM, sasi biMbasamANu kulisachattu taha dhariuM / / mahApurANa 94/23/16-20 75. dekheM uttarapurANa, 73/139-141 76. pAsaNAhacariu, 14/26-28 77. raidhuH pAsaNAhacariu, 4/9-11 78. citte bahula cautthI visAharikkhammi paasnnaahss| sakpure puvvaNahe kevalaNANaM samuppaNNaM / / ___ tiloyapaNNatti, 4/7 79. uttarapurANa, 73/143-144 80. Auriu deveM sukkajhANu uppAiu kevala divvnnaannu| paDhamillamAsatamakasaNA paksi paDivayadiNi pavara visAharikkhi / mahApurANa94/23/3, 23 evaM 24/1 evaM 3. 81. caitta pavittai kiNhahaM pakkhi cautthihi jAyau zobhaNa rikkha / pAsaNAha cariu, 4/14/4. 82. padmakIrti: pAsaNAha cariu 14/30.

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apabhraMza sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha 167 83. (ka) tiloya paNNatti, 4/678. (kha) uttarapurANa, 73/134. (ga) puSpadanta: mahApurANa, 94/23/2. 84. padmakIrti pAsaNAhacariu, 15/2, 15/5, 16/18. 85. raidhuH pAsaNAhacariu, 4/20/7-12. 86. padmakIrti: pA.ca., 15/18. 87. tiloyapaNNatti, 4/118 / 88. uttarapurANa, 73/153. 89. (ka) puSpadanta: mahApurANa, 94/24/7 - 110 evaM 94/25/1-5 (kha) raidhuH pA. ca., 7/2.. (ga) tiloyapatti , 4/1158, 1176, 1097. (ka) puSpadanta: mahApurANa, 94/25/5. (kha) uttarapurANa, 73/155. 91. (ka) sidasattamI padose sAvaNamAsammi u jmmnnkkhtte| sammede pAsajiNI chettIsajudo gado mokkhaM / / . AcArya yatiAvRSabha: tiloMya paNNatti, 4/1207 (kha) ...: mAsaM sa saMhRtya vihtikriyaam|| vizanmumibhi: sAdhaM pratimAyogamAsthitaH / zrAvaNe mAsi sapramyAM sitapakSe dinaadime|| bhAge vizAkhA nakSatre.... ...... smmedaaclmstke|| .............. / ni: zeSakarmanirNAzAnnivANe nizcalaM sthitaH / / AcArya guNabhadra uttarapurANa, 73/155-157 ..(ga) sAvaNasattamidiNikAla vakkhi, gau mokkhahu pAsu visAharikkhi / / . puSpadanta: mahApurANa, 94/25/8 (gha) padmakIrti: pAsaNAhacariu, 18/19/6-10 . (Da) raidhuH pAsaNAhacariu, 7/2 chattA 127 evaM 7/3/1-10 92. (ka) uttarapurANa 74/279 (kha) padmakIrtiH pAsaNAhacariu, 17/18/4 - (ga) tiloyapaNNatti, 4/577

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bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura unakA pArzvanAthacaritam - DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina* pArzvo vighnavinAzako vRSajuSA pArzvazritA dhArmikAH, pArzveNAzu vilabhyate 'khilasukhaM pArzvaya tasmai namaH / 'pArvAnnAstyaparo hitArthajanakaH pArzvasya muktiH priyA, pArzve cittamahaM dadhe jinapa mAM zIghraM svapArzve naya / / bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI paramparA meM dIkSita digambara jaina muniyoM kI kaThora sAdhanA kA samyak nirvAha na kara pAne tathA kAladoSa ke kAraNa bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA janma huA / bhaTTAraka- paramparA yaha bhaTTAraka-paramparA digambara muniyoM kI tulanA meM apanI AcAragata zithilatA ke kAraNa apane utpatti kAla meM bahupratiSThita na ho sakI, kintu paravartI kAla meM isake dvArA kI gaI jainadharma evaM jaina saMskRti kI prabhAvanA tathA prAcIna jaina sAhitya kI surakSA aura navIna tathA loka kalyANakArI sAhitya kI saMracanA ke kAraNa atyadhika samAdRta huI hai| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka-paramparA meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA nAma bahuta hI Adara ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| inakA vaiduSya evaM loka prabhAva inakI sAhitya-sevA se svata: pramANita hai| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti vi. saM. 1444 meM IDara kI * prAdhyApaka, jainadarzana, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI

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bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura unakA pArzvanAthacaritam gaddI para baiThe the aura unakI mRtyu gujarAta ke mahasAnA nAmaka sthAna para vi.saM. 1499 meM huii| unakA samAdhisthala mahasAnA meM banA huA hai| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti saMskRta bhASA ke praur3ha aura pratiSThita vidvAn the| unake dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM likhita unatIsa racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| sAtha hI rAjasthAnI bhASA meM nibaddha lagabhaga pandraha racanAeM unakI bahumukhI pratibhA ke dastAveja haiN| tiresaTha zalAkA-puruSa jainadharma meM bAraha cakravartI, nau nArAyaNa, nau prati-nArAyaNa, nau balabhadra aura caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI gaNanA tiresaTha zalAkA puruSoM arthAt zreSTha puruSoM ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai aura inhIM kA jIvana-carita loka maMgala svarUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ata: inhIM mahApuruSoM kA caritra-citraNa jaina purANoM athavA jaina kAvyoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se Adarza mAnakara citrita kiyA hai| ukta tiresaTha zalAkA-puruSoM ke atirikta anya jina mahApuruSoM ko jaina carita-kAvyoM meM pramukha sthAna milA hai unameM caubIsa kAmadevoM kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / ina mahApuruSoM ke jIvana se hI hameM yaha zikSA milatI hai ki 'rAmavad vartivyaM, na rAvaNAMdivat' - arthAt rAma kI taraha AcaraNa karanA cAhiye, rAvaNa Adi kI taraha nhiiN| pArzvanAtha-caritam . bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ne apane carita kAvyoM meM jina mahApuruSoM ke AdarzamayI jIvana kI jhAMkI prastuta kI hai, unameM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA . loka maMgalakArI jIvana-carita 'pArzvanAtha-caritam' ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ... caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, teisaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| ye aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiN| purANoM evaM kAvyoM ke mAdhyama se

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170 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha jJAta hotA hai ki inake pUrva bhavoM kA jIvana bahuta hI saMgharSamaya rahA hai| kintu bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI sahanazIlatA aura inake janma-janmAntara ke bairI kamaTha ke jIva dvArA chAyA kI taraha inakA pratipala virodha - donoM hI AzcaryakArI haiN| kamaTha kA jIva badale kI bhAvanA se nirantara upasarga karatA hai aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA jIva apane pUrvakRta karmoM ko udaya meM AyA jAnakara una upasargoM kI zAntipUrvaka sahatA hai| pUrvakRta acche yA bure karmoM kI phala vyavasthA kA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pUrva bhavoM meM aura tIrthakara paryAya meM bhI jaisA paripAka huA hai vaha atyanta virala hai| isa kathAnaka se jainadarzana ke karma-siddhAMta kI samantAt puSTi hotI hai| ahiMsA aura hiMsA kA saMgharSa . isa kathAnaka meM eka sAtha eka oraM ahiMsA aura dUsarI ora hiMsA, . eka ora kSamA aura dUsarI ora krodha, eka ora bhAvoM kI saralatA aura dUsarI ora bhAvoM kI kuTilatA, eka ora zAnti kA laharAtA huA sindhu aura dUsarI ora jvAra-bhATA se saMtapta samudra kA vikarAla rUpa Adi aise kArya haiM, jo nadI ke do taToM kI bhAMti eka dUsare se sarvathA pratikUla haiN| marubhUti kA jIva ahiMsA Adi saMskRtiyoM kA pratIka hai aura kamaTha kA jIva hiMsA kA nagna tANDava karatA huA rAkSasI saMskRti kA mUrtimAn piNDa hai| zramaNa aura vaidika saMskRti yaha vaha saMgharSapUrNa kAla thA jaba eka ora vaidika saMskRti ke purodhA yajJa-yAgAdi meM dharma ke nAma para pazuoM kI bali kA na kevala samarthana karate the, apitu nirIha pazuoM kI bali car3hA kara svarga ke daravAje kholanA cAhate the aura dUsarI ora zramaNa saMskRti ke unnAyaka mahApuruSa sarvasva tyAgakara prANimAtra kI rakSA ke liye kRtasaMkalpa the| vastutaH kamaTha kA jIva aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA jIva uparyukta vaidika aura zramaNa - ina donoM saMskRtiyoM ke tatkAlIna saMgharSa ke pratIka haiM, jinheM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ne 'pArzvanAtha-caritam' meM varNita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ke jIva

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bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura unakA pArzvanAthacaritam 171 ke saMgharSamaya jIvana ke mAdhyama se prastuta karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA paripAka jainadarzana meM pratipAdita anantAnubandhI kaSAya kisa prakAra janma-janmAntara taka badalA lene ko prerita karatI hai, yaha kamaTha ke jIva ke pUrvabhavoM evaM vartamAna bhava ke kriyA-kalApoM se spaSTa hotA hai| kamaTha aura marubhUti bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti dvArA racita 'pArzvanAtha-caritam' bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ita:pUrva nau bhavoM evaM vartamAna tIrthaMkara paryAya kI jItI-jAgatI kathA hai| - yaha kathA podanapura ke mahArAjA aravinda ke nyAyapUrNa zAsana evaM unake mantrI vizvabhUti nAmaka brAhmaNa ke udAtta guNoM se prArambha hotI hai| vizvabhUti aura usakI patnI anundharI se do putra huye - kamaTha aura mrubhuuti| kamaTha viSa ke samAna aura marubhUti amRtopama thaa| eka dina vizvabhUti apane mastaka para uge huye eka sapheda bAla ko dekhakara saMsAra se bhayabhIta ho gaye aura unhoMne puNya ke saMyoga se usa sapheda keza ke chala se dharma kA zreSTha aMkura utpanna huA mAnA, jo kAlakrama se cAritra ko utpanna karane vAlA hai - . .athaikadA vilokyAzu mastake palitaM kcm| rAjamantrI sasaMvegaM prApyedaM cintayed hRdi / / aho me puNyayogena ke'bhUd dharmAkuro mahAn / palitacchadmanA kezo'yaM cAritravidhAyakaH / / apane cAritra rUpa saMyama ke dvArA vizvabhUti kA jIva kAlakrama se mukti ko prApta huaa|

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172 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 'kamaTha dvArA kuzIla sevana evaM usakA duSpariNAma udhara rAjA aravinda aura marubhUti ke yuddha meM cale jAne ke pazcAt kamaTha ke jIva ne kAma-vAsanA se prerita ho jaba apane anuja kI patnI kA sevana karanA cAhA to kavi ne usake mitra kalahaMsa ke mAdhyama se anuja-vadhu ke sevana rUpa nikRSTa kArya kI nindA kI hai aura usake duSpariNAmoM kA ullekha karate huye adhogati kA bhaya dikhalAyA hai ki parastrI ke lampaTa ve pApI mUrkha rAjA vadha-bandhana Adi prApta kara durgati rUpI samudra meM nimagna hote haiN| jo manuSya isa loka meM anya striyoM kA AliMgana karate haiM, ve naraka meM tapAye huye lohe kI putaliyoM ke AliMgana ko prApta hote haiM aura isa loka meM rAjA ke dvArA sarvasva haraNa aura prANadaNDa Adi prApta karate haiN|" kavi ne rAvaNa Adi ke udAharaNa dekara kuzIla sevana kI abhilASA karane vAle ko mahApApa kA bhAgI evaM narakayAmI batalAyA hai| kintu jisa prakAra andha puruSa ke sAmane nRtya, kSINa Ayu vAle puruSa ko pradatta auSadhi aura rAgI puruSa ko diyA gayA hitakArI dharma kA upadeza vyartha hotA hai, usI prakAra pApa ko naSTa karane vAle dharma ke sUcaka aura anAcAra ko naSTa karane vAle kalahaMsa nAmaka mitra ke sArapUrNa samasta vacana kamaTha ke pApa se vyartha ho gye| yahAM kavi ne kamaTha ke dvArA sevita kuzIla aura usake pariNAma svarUpa aneka kugatiyoM ko prApta hone vAle kamaTha ke jIva kA kramaza: aneka sargo meM vivecana kiyA hai aura spaSTa kiyA hai ki kuzIla hI vaha mUlAdhAra hai jisa para kamaTha ke jIva kA AgAmI bhavoM kA nikRSTa evaM pApamaya jIvana kA DhAMcA khar3A huA hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke daza bhava __teisa sargoM meM vibhakta yaha 'pArzvanAtha-caritam' eka utkRSTa mahAkAvya hai, jo purANa evaM kAvya - ina donoM zailiyoM meM gumphita kiyA gayA hai| isake prArambhika nau sargoM meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke prathama nau bhavoM -

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173 bhaTTArakaM sakalakIrti aura unakA pArzvanAthacaritam marubhUti, vajraghoSa hAthI, sahasrAra svarga kA deva zaziprabha, agnivega vidyAdhara, acyuta svarga kA deva vidyutprabha, vajranAbhi cakravartI, madhyama graiveyaka meM ahamindra, AnaMnda rAjA aura Anata svarga ke deva rUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara dazama svarga meM kAzI ke mahArAja vizvasena aura unakI prANapriyA brAhmI se kumAra pArzva ke janma hone se pUrva devoM dvArA ratnavRSTi Adi aura gyArahaveM sarga se teisaveM sarga taka bhagavAn ke garbha-janma, janmAbhiSeka, kumAra dvArA AbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa karanA aura Ananda nAmaka nATaka khalanA, bAlakrIDA evaM vairAgyotpatti, anuprekSAoM kA cintavana, dIkSA varNana, kevalajJAnotpatti, samavasaraNa racanA, gaNadharoM dvArA vividhaprazna, bhagavAn dvArA tattvopadeza evaM vividha karmoM se prApta hone vAle phaloM ke vivecana, bhagavAn pArzva kA vihAra aura anta meM mokSa-gamana kA kramaza: varNana kiyA gayA hai| dharma kA sevana hitakArI __ bhaTTAraka sakaMlakIrtikRta prastuta 'pArzvanAthacaritam' para samagra dRSTi * se vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke samagra jIvana aura munidharma kA vivecana kiyA hai| kavi kA mAnanA hai ki jisa prakAra jagat meM catura manuSyoM ke dvArA kArya kI siddhi ke liye sevaka kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra grAsa mAtra ke dAna se rAga ke binA zarIra kA pAlana karanA cAhiye / 12 zarIra kA cAhe poSaNa kiyA jAye athavA zoSaNa vaha avazya hI mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| ata: mukti prApti ke liye usakA samyak prakAra se zoSaNa karanA arthAt anta samaya meM sallekhanA Adi dhAraNa karanA hI zreSTha hai|3 kyoMki saMsAra meM du:kha kI hI prabalatA hai, koI sukhI nahIM hai| ata: dharma kA sevana karanA hI hitakArI hai| dharma vividha prakAra se pApoM ko harane vAlA hai, mukti rUpI strI ko dene vAlA hai, ananta sukha kA sAgara hai, atyanta nirmala hai, abhilaSita padArthoM kA dAtA hai, samasta lakSmiyoM kA pitA hai, ananta guNoM ko denevAlA hai, tIrthaMkara kI vibhUti kA dAyaka hai aura cakravartI tathA indra ke pada Adi ko pradAna karane vAlA hai|

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174 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha acetana jina-pratimA kI pUjA se puNya-prApti aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna bhI isa grantha meM kiyA gayA hai| acetana jina-pratimA kI pUjA puNya kA kAraNa kaise hotI hai? isakA samAdhAna karate huye kavi kA kahanA hai ki - jinendra bhagavAn kI pratimA tathA mandira Adi bhavya jIvoM ke puNya kA kAraNa niyama se haiM, isameM saMzaya nhiiN| jinendra bhagavAn ke uttama bimba Adi kA darzana karane vAle dharmAbhilASI bhavya jIvoM ke pariNAma tatkAla zubha-zreSTha hote haiN| jinendra bhagavAn kA sAdRzya rakhane vAlI mahApratimAoM ke darzana se sAkSAt jinendra bhagavAn kA smaraNa hotA hai, nirantara unakA sAkSAt dhyAna hotA hai aura usake phala svarUpa pApoM kA nirodha hotA hai| zastra, AbharaNa, vastrAdi, vikAra pUrNa AkAra, rogAdika mahAn doSa aura krUratA Adi avaguNoM kA samUha jisa prakAra pRthivI tala para jina pratimAoM meM nahIM hai usI prakAra dharmatIrtha pravRtti karane vAle zrI jinendra deva meM nahIM hai / 16 ___sAmyatA Adi guNa tathA kIrti, kAnti aura zAnti Adi vizeSatAyeM jisa prakAra jinabimba meM dikhalAI detI haiM usI prakAra zrI jinendra deva meM vidyamAna haiN| jisa prakAra jina pratimAoM meM mukti kA sAdhanabhUta sthira vajrAsana aura nAsAgradRSTi dekhI jAtI hai usI prakAra dharma ke pravartaka jinendra deva meM ve saba vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pratimAoM ke lakSaNa dekhane se unakI bhakti karane vAle puruSoM ko tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kA parama nizcaya hotA hai| arthAt vastrAbhUSaNa tathA rAgadveSa sUcaka anya cinhoM se rahita jina-pratimAoM ke darzana se vItarAga sarvajJa deva ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai| isaliye una jaise pariNAma hone se tathA unakA dhyAna aura smaraNa Ane se tathA unakA nizcaya hone se dharmAtmA janoM ko mahAn puNya hotA hai| puNyodaya se isa loka meM puNyazAlI janoM kI isa bhava tathA parabhava meM triloka sambandhI sabhI abhilASita padArthoM kI siddhiyAM sampanna hotI haiN| ata: tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kI bhaktipUrvaka pUjA karane se satpuruSoM ko samasta manovAJchita phala pRthivI tala para tathA svarga loka meM prApta hote haiN| jisa prakAra dazAMga kalpavRkSa dAna cAhane vAle puruSoM ko saMkalpita mahAn bhoga dete

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bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura unakA pArzvanAthacaritam 175 haiM usI prakAra pUjI huI jina pratimAeM pUjA karane vAle puruSoM ko mahAn bhoga detI haiN| jisa prakAra cintAmaNi ratna satpuruSoM ko mana se cintita padArtha detA hai usI prakAra acetana pratimA bhI bhakti karane vAloM ko mana se cintita padArtha detI hai| jisa prakAra acetana maNi, mantra, auSadhi Adi viSa tathA rogAdika ko naSTa karate haiM usI prakAra acetana pratimAeM bhI pUjA-bhakti karane vAle puruSoM ke viSa tathA rogAdika ko naSTa karatI haiN|17 anya vividha varNana - uparyukta ke atirikta kavi ne anya aneka viSayoM kA samAyojana apane isa grantha meM kiyA hai| kavi kA kahanA hai ki - gRhastha dharma kA ThIka-ThIka pAlana karane se prANiyoM ko solaha svarga taka kI prApti hotI hai aura krama se sukha ke sAgara svarUpa nirvANa ko prApta hote haiN|8 dharma se artha, artha se kAma aura krama se mokSa prApta hotA hai / 19 prasaMga prApta hone para kavi ne anya jina viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA hai. unameM daza dharma20 samyagdarzana ke ATha aMga, SoDaza kAraNa bhAvanAe~22 'solaha svapna, svapnoM kA phala", deviyoM dvArA tIrthaMkara kI mAtA se aneka prazna aura mAtA dvArA unake uttara25, prahelikA26, kriyA gupti7, aura niroSThya kAvya8 kI racanA, meru parvata evaM pANDuka zilA29 kA varNana, Ananda nATaka, pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ke zarIra ke eka sau ATha lakSaNa, dvAdazanuprekSA, paJca mahAvrata, paJca mahAvratoM kI pAMca-pAMca bhAvanAyeM, airAvata hAthI25, samavasaraNa, kauna karma se jIva kyA prApta karatA hai, isakA vistAra se vivecana aura bhagavAn ke 108 sArthaka nAmoM kI sUcI vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| . ina viSayoM ke vivecana se itanA to spaSTa hai ki kavi ne isa 'pArzvanAthacaritam' meM yadyapi bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke daza bhavoM kA vizeSa rUpa seM varNana kiyA hai, kintu bhinna-bhinna prasaMgoM meM jainadharma evaM darzana ke aneka gUr3ha siddhAntoM tathA AcAra sambandhI viSayoM kA sAMgopAMga varNana

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176 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha karane se pAThaka mAtra isI grantha ke adhyayana se saMkSepa meM jainadharma ke vividha pakSoM ko hRdayaMgama kara sakatA hai| kamaTha ke baira kA anta aura samyagdarzana kI prApti kavi ne anta meM bhagavAn ke divya upadeza ke prabhAva kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki-kamaTha ke jIva usa jyotiSka deva ne bhagavAn kI divya-dhvani rUpI amRta ko pIkara ananta bhava se utpanna mithyA baira rUpI viSa ko naSTa kara diyA tathA jagat ke svAmI zrI pArzva jinendra ko namaskAra kara candramA ke samAna nirmala, zaMkAdi doSoM se rahita mukti ke utkRSTa bIja svarUpa samyagdarzana ko grahaNa kiyA / 39 isase spaSTa hai ki mahApApI jIva bhI jinendra vANI ke prabhAva se Atma-kalyANa karane meM samartha hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA loka vyApI prabhAva . ___loka meM pUjA aura pratiSThA vahI vyakti prApta karatA hai jo jana-jana ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara lokamaMgala ke kArya karatA hai| yata: bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne kevalajJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt kuru, kauzala, kAzI, sahya, puNDra, mAlava, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, paMcAla, magadha, vidarbha, bhadradeza tathA dazArNa Adi aneka sthAnoM meM vihAra karake jIvoM ko sanmArga kA upadeza diyA thA, ata: ve jana-jana ke priya bana gye| unakA prabhAva lokavyApI ho gyaa| ve loka pUjita ho gye| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke lokavyApI prabhAva kA ullekha karate huye zrI balabhadra jaina ne likhA hai ki - bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA sarvasAdhAraNa para kitanA prabhAva thA, yaha Aja bhI baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA meM phaile hue lAkhoM sarAkoM, baMgAla ke medinIpura jile ke sadgopoM, ur3IsA ke raMgiyA jAti ke logoM, alaka bAbA Adi ke jIvana-vyavahAra ko dekhane se calatA hai| yadyapi bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko lagabhaga paune tIna hajAra varSa vyatIta ho cuke haiM aura ye jAtiyAM kinhIM bAdhyatAoM ke kAraNa jainadharma kA parityAga kara cukI haiM, kintu Aja bhI ye jAtiyAM pArzvanAtha ko apanA Adya

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177 bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura unakA pArzvanAthacaritam kaladevatA mAnatI haiN| pArzvanAtha ke upadeza paramparAgata rUpa se ina jAtiyoM ke jIvana meM aba taka cale A rahe haiN| pArzvanAtha ke siddhAntoM ke saMskAra inake jIvana meM gaharI jar3a jamA cuke haiN| isaliye ye loga ahiMsA meM pUrNa vizvAsa karate haiM, mAMsa bhakSaNa nahIM karate, jala chAna kara pIte haiM, jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA karate haiM. ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI upAsanA karate haiN| 1 Age ve likhate haiM ki unake loka-vyApI prabhAva kA hI yaha pariNAma hai ki tIrthakara mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM pArzvanAtha kI hI upalabdha hotI haiM aura unake kAraNa padmAvatI devI kI bhI itanI khyAti huI ki Aja bhI zAsana-deviyoM meM sabase adhika mUrtiyAM padmAvatI kI hI milatI haiM / 2 isI prasaMga meM dillI ke digambara jaina lAla mandira aura vArANasI ke bhelUpura sthita digambara jaina mandira meM sthApita padmAvatI devI kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA-pratiSThA bhI ullekhanIya hai| sAtha hI anya aneka nagaroM ke jaina mandiroM meM padmAvatI devI kI sthApanA ke mUla meM bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kaa| lokavyApI prabhAva hI kAraNa hai| ...padmAvatI kalpa' Adi granthoM kI racanA aura unake mAdhyama se tantra-mantroM kI siddhi dvArA laukika sampatti kI prApti Adi ke mala meM bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI hI bhakti kAraNa kahI jA sakatI hai| - aise. loka pUjita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI zataza: vandanA karatA huA maiM apanI bAta samApta karatA huuN| saMdarbha 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAga 1, pRSTha 452. 2. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pRSTha 329-330 3. draSTavya, jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa (paramAnanda zAstrI), bhAga 2, pRSTha 492-93 4. . vAdirAjakRta pArzvanAthacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. jayakumAra jaina), . . pRSTha 2

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178 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 5. pArzvanAthacaritam 1/68 (hindI anu. DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakA. zrI mahAvIra jI) 6. vahI, 1/71-72 7. vahI, 1/86-89 8. vahI, 1/90 9. vahI, 1/93-94 10. vahI, 2/28-38, 5/9 11. vahI, 3/37-59, 5/10-11, 17/28-32 12. vahI, 5/50 . 13. vahI, 5/53 14. vahI, 5/61 15. vahI, 6/105 16. vahI, 7/56-60 17. vahI, 7/61-69 18. vahI, 7/49-50 19. vahI, 7/96 20. vahI, 8/33-43 21. vahI, 8/63-70 22. vahI, 8/73-97 23. vahI, 10/91-109 24. vahI, 11/28-37 25. vahI, 11/72-103 26. vahI, 11/104-105 27. vahI, 11/106 28 vahI, 11/108 29. vahI, 12/56-65 30. vahI, 13/67-100

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bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura unakA pArzvanAthacaritam 39. vahI, 14 / 45-52 32. * vahI, 15/2-136 33. vahI, 17/28-32 34. vahI, 17 / 33 -41 35. vahI, 18/11-21 36. vahI, 18/45-155 37. vahI, 21/42-111 38. vahI, 22 / 49-63 39. vahI, 22/15-16 40. vahI, 23/18-19, 41. jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 360 42. vahI, bhAga 1, pRSTha 361. 179

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jaina stotra aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha - DaoN. kapUracaMda jaina* bhAratIya dharmoM/darzanoM meM jaina-dharma/darzana kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yahI eka darzana hai jo pUrNata: vyakti svAtantrya kI ghoSaNA karatA hai| jaina dharma/ darzana kI prAcIna bhASA prAkRta rahI hai| prAkRta bhASA meM stotra ke lie 'thuI' aura 'thudi' ina do zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai| saMskRta meM stotra ke lie stuti', 'stava', stavana', 'stotra' Adi zabda vyavahRta hai| prArambha meM stati' aura 'stava' meM antara thaa| yathA "eka: zloka: dau zlokau, trizlokA: vA stutirbhavati paratazcatuH zlokAdi: stava: / anyeSAmAcAryANAM matena eka zlokAdi: saptazlokaparyantA stuti: tata: paramaSTazlokAdikA: stavA: isI prakAra 'stava' tathA stotra' meM bheda batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 'stava' gambhIra artha vAlA aura saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hotA hai tathA 'stotra' vividha chandoM vAlA aura prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hotA hai| Ajakala yaha antara samApta prAya: hai aura 'stuti', 'stava', 'stavana', 'stotra' Adi zabda samAnArthI ho gaye haiN| stotra pATha se citta meM nirmalatA AtI hai, karma bandha sakatA hai aura pUrvopArjita karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM eka rocaka saMvAda milatA hai - _ 'thavathuimaMgaleNa bhante! jIve kiM jaNayai thavathuimaMgaleNa nANadaMsaNa caritra bohilAbha jnnyi| nANa dasaNacatri bohilAbha - sampanne ya NaM jIve antakiriyaM kappAvimANeva vattigaM ArAhaNaM ArAhei'3 . * adhyakSa saMskRta vibhAga, zrI kundakunda jaina pI.jI. kAleja, khataulI

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jaina stotra aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha 181 ___arthAt jIva stava' aura 'stuti' rUpa maMgala se jJAna, darzana, caritra kI bodhi kA lAbha prApta karatA hai| jJAna darzana caritra ke bodhilAbha se sampanna vyakti mokSa prApta karatA hai yA vaimAnika devoM meM utpanna hotA hai| ___ AcArya samantabhadra ne stuti ko prazasta pariNAma utpAdikA kahA hai - 'stuti: stotuH sAdho: kuzala pariNAmAya sa tadA / vidvAnoM ne 'pUjAkoTisamaM stotram' kahakara eka stotra ke phala ko eka karor3a pUjA ke phala ke samAna batAyA hai| . stotra mATha se puNya kA arjana kevala munaSya hI nahIM devatA bhI karate haiN| nandIzvara dvIpa ke bAvana minAlayoM meM deva sadaiva pUjA arcanA kiyA karate haiN| aise meM stotrAdi kA pATha svabhAvika hI hai| paM. jugala kizora mukhtAra ne bhAvapUjA ko stuti hI kahA hai| isa sandarbha meM sabase bar3A pramANa A. mAnatuMga kA hai| ve bhaktAmara meM kahate haiM - maiM usa jinendra kI stuti karatA hUM, jo devatAoM dvArA citta ko haraNa karane vAle stotroM ke dvArA saMstuta haiN| .. .: 'ya: saMstuta: sakala vAGmaya tattvabodhA - . dudabhUta buddhiH paTubhiH suralokanAthaiH / / .. AcArya samantabhadra ne stotra kA uddezya pApoM ko jItanA batAyA hai - zrImajjinapadAbhyAsaM pratipadyA''gasAM jye| kAmasthAna pradAnezaM stutividyAM prasAdhaye / ..' AcArya mAnatuMga ne bhI stuti ko pApanAzaka batAyA hai - . ... tvatsaMstavena bhava santati sArbabahaM / / _ pApaM kSaNat kSayamupaiti zarIra bhAjAm itanA hI nahIM bhakti yA stotra pAThAdi se tIrthakara prakRti kA bhI bandha hotA hai| jaina sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara prakRti ke bandha ke jo 16 kAraNa batAye gaye haiM, unameM eka kAraNa abhIkSNajJAnopayoga bhI hai| abhIkSNajJAnopayogalakSaNaM karate hue likhA gayA hai

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182 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha _ "kAle pAThaH stavo dhyAnaM zAstre cintA gurau nati: yatropadezanA loke shaastrjnyaanopyogtaa||" arthAt yogya kAla meM pATha stavana aura dhyAna karanA, zAstroM kA manana karanA, gurU ko namana karanA aura upadeza denA inheM loka meM . abhIkSNajJAnopayoga kahate haiN| ye sabhI stuti yA stotra ke pAralaukika phala haiN| stotra yA stuti kA ihalaukika phala bhI cintaya hai| adhikAMza vyakti kisI ihalaukika phala kI icchA karate hue bhI stotra pATha karate dekhe jAte haiN| zAstroM meM stotra pATha se ihalaukika phala prApti kA bhI kathAoM ke mAdhyama se ullekha hai| 'uvasaggahara stotra' jaisA ki isake nAma se spaSTa hai, upasarga nivAraNArtha racA gayA hai| viSApahAra' viSaharaNa ke lie, ekIbhAva' kuSTanivAraNArtha, 'bhaktAmara' bandIgraha se mukti ke lie, 'kalyANa maMdira' kalyANa prApti ke lie racA gayA hai| isa taraha hara stotra kI alaukika mahimA kA varNana tat-tat sthAno para kiyA gayA hai| eka-eka padya kI mahimA kA bhI varNana upalabdha hotA hai| bhaktAmara ke 48 kAvyoM meM pratyeka ke alaga-alaga prayojana batAye gaye haiN| jaina tIrthaMkara yA bhagavAna to vItarAgI hote haiM ve prazaMsA karane para kucha dete nahIM aura AlocanA karane para kucha lete nahIM haiN| ve kisI ke pApoM kA nAza nahIM karate aura na kisI ko mukti vadhU kA varaNa karAte haiN| phira unase aisI prArthanAyeM kyoM kI jAtI haiM, unameM vyartha hI kartRtva kA Aropa kyoM kiyA jAtA hai| isakA uttara kalyANa maMdira stotrakAra ne bar3e hI sundara zabdoM meM diyA hai| yathA - 'hRdvArtini tvArya vibho' zithalIbhavanti jantoH kSaNena niviDA Arya krmbndhaaH| .. sagha: bhujagaMmamayA iva madhyabhAga mamyAgate vanazikhANDeni candanasya /

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182 jaina stotra aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha __ arthAt prabho! hRdayamaMdira meM Apake virAjamAna rahane para niviDa bhI karmabandha zithila ho jAte haiM, jaise candana ke vRkSa para mora ke Ane para, usase lipaTe hue sarpa DhIle. par3a jAte haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki stotroM meM jina tIrthaMkaroM yA puNyAtmA puruSoM kI stuti kI jAtI hai, ve sabhI karmajetA hue haiN| unhoMne ajJAna kAma-krodhAdi pravRttiyoM para pUrNata: vijaya prApta kI hai, unake hRdaya -maMdira meM virAjamAna rahane para pApa khar3e nahIM raha skte| yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki ina puNya puruSoM ke dhyAna se atmA kA zuddhAtma svarUpa sAmane AtA hai aura stotA use prApta karane ko becaina ho uThatA hai| pApa pariNati naSTa ho jAtI hai aura vaha apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai| mukta ho jAtA hai| jaina stotrakAroM ke upAsya yadyapi sabhI tIrthaMkara puNya puruSa samAna rUpa se haiM tathApi RSabhadeva aura pArzvanAtha ko AdhAra banAkara adhikAMza stotra. race gaye haiN| inameM bhI pArzvanAtha paraka stotra hI adhika haiN| jina stuti/stotroM meM caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM yA mahApuruSoM kI stuti kI gaI hai unameM bhI pArzvanAtha kI stutiparaka padyoM kI saMkhyA anya kI apekSA adhika rahatI hai| isakA kAraNa kyA hai| hamArI alpa buddhi meM to yahI kAraNa samajha meM AtA hai ki jaisA ki Aja bhI loka meM yaha dhAraNA pracalita hai ki tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthaM vighnoM kA nAza karane vAle haiN| loka meM Aja bhI pArzvanAtha kI chaviM vighnavinAzaka ke rUpa meM prakhyAta hai yahI kAraNa hai ki pArzvanAtha ke sAtha - 'vighnavinAzaka', 'vighna hara' jaisI upAdhiyAM laga gaI haiN| vItarAgI deva pArzvanAtha ke sAtha aisI upAdhiyAM kaba aura kaise jur3a gaIM yaha anusandhAna kA viSaya hai| . ___ prAcInatama jaina stotroM meM kundakunda kRta 'titthayA zuddhi' tathA 'siddha bhakti' kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| bhadrabAhu ke nAma se pracalita 'uvasagga hara stotra' bhI ati prAcIna evaM mahatvapUrNa hai| saMskRta stotrakAroM meM AcArya samanta bhadra agragaNya haiN| inake 'svayambhU stotra' 'devAgama stotra', 'muktyanuzAsana', jina stuti zataka' ati prasiddha haiN|

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184 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha AcArya mAtuMga kRta 'bhaktAmara stotra' samAja meM bahupracalita stotra haiN| isake bAda prasiddhi kI dRSTi se jisa stotra kA nAma AtA hai vaha hai - 'kumuda candra' kuta kalyANamaMdira stotr| isake 44 padyoM meM antima padya ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI padya vasantatilakA chanda meM haiN| kumudacaMdra kA samaya bArahavIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| anya stotroM ke adhikAMza padyoM kI racanA aise zabdoM meM hotI hai jinheM kisI bhI tIrthaMkara kI stuti meM ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai| para kalyANa maMdira meM adhikAMza padya aise haiM, jo tI. pArzvanAtha para hI ghaTate haiN| dUsare hI padya meM kavi kahatA hai ki - . tIrthezvarasya kamaThasmaNa dhuumketauH| tasyAmeva kila saMstavana kariSye maiM usa tIrthaMkara kI stuti kara rahA hUM jo kamaTha ke mAna kA mardana . karane vAle haiN| ____ kalyANamaMdira kI zailI samAsa rahita aura prasAda guNa maNDita hai| Arambha meM kavi apanI vinaya prakaTa karate hue kahatA hai he svAmI! mere jaise manuSya sAmAnya rUpa se bhI Apake svarUpa kA varNana karane ke lie kaise samartha ho sakate haiM? DhITha bhI ullU. kA baccA. jo dina meM andhA rahatA hai, kyA sUrya-rUpe-varNana meM samartha ho sakatA hai| sAmAnyato 'pi tava varNayituM svarUpa msmaadRsh| kathamadhIza! bhvntydhiishaa|| . dhRSTo'pi kauzika-zizaryadi vA divAndho rUpaM prarUpayati kiM kila dharma razme / / ArAdhanA kisI kI bhI ho ekAgratA ke binA kabhI saphala nahIM hotii| isa kathana ke Aloka meM kavi kA kahanA hai ki he janabandhu! maiM Aja taka mokSa lakSmI kA bhartA nahIM banA haM isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki ApakA nAma sunane para bhI, ApakI pUjA karane parI bhI aura Apako dekhane para bhI maiMne bhaktipUrvaka Apako dhAraNa nahIM kiyaa| kriyA ke phaladAyaka ma hone meM bhAva hInatA hI mukhya kAraNa hai -

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185 jaina stotra aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha AkarNito 'pi mAhato 'pi nirIkSato 'pi nUnaM na cetAsi mayA vidhRto'si bhktyaa| jAto 'smi tena jana bAndhava du:kha pAtraM yasmA tkriyA prati phalanti na bhAvazUnyA: / / 12 pArzvanAtha viSayaka anya stotroM meM pramukha haiM : 1. vidyAnanda (AThavIM zatI) zrIpura pArzvanAtha stotra 2. indranandi (lagabhaga 1050 I.) pArzvanAtha stotra 3. rAjasena (la. 1150 I.) pArzvanAthASTaka 4. padamaprabha maladhArI (1167-1217 I.) pArzvanAtha (lakSmI) stotra 5. vidyAnandi (1181 I.). pArzvanAtha stotra 6. dharmavardhana (la. 1200 I.) SaDabhASA nirmita pArzvajina stavana 7. mahendrasUrI (1237 I.) jIrAvatalI pArzvanAtha stotra 8. padmaprabha (1237 I.) pArzvastava 9. jinaprabha sUri (1295-1333 I.) pArzvanAtha stava 10. nayacandra sUri (la. 14vI zatI) stambha pArzvastava 11.. padmanandi bhaTTAraka (1360-95 I.) rAvaNa pArzvanAtha stotra jIrAvatalI .pArzvanAtha stavana kalyANa maMdira kI pAdapUrti meM racita pArzvanAtha viSayaka stotra haiM : ajJAta kartRka - pArzvanAtha stotra ajJAta kartRka - vIra stuti ajJAta kartRka - vijayAnanda sUrIzvara stavana isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bha. pArzvanAtha ko AdhAra banAkara sarvAdhika stotroM kI racanA huI hai aura lagabhaga sabhI stotroM meM unakI stuti

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI gaI hai| pArzvanAtha ko jaina loka devatA ke rUpa meM pahale bhI mAnA jAtA thA aura Aja bhI mAnA jA rahA hai| saMdarbha 1. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI, pR. 551 . 2. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI, pR. 551 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 29 sUtra 14 anu. muni nathamala, prakA. jaina zvetAmbara terApathI sabhA, kalakattA / 4. svayambhU stotra 21/1 5. stuti vidyA, bhUmikA, pRSTha 10 6. bhaktAmara stotra, 3 7. stuti vidyA, 1 8. bhaktAmara stotra, zloka 07 9. kalyANa maMdira stotra, padya saMkhyA 8. 10. ye bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se bhinna mAne gaye haiN| 11. kalyANa maMdira, padya 3. 12. kalyANa maMdira, padya 38. .

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apabhraMza bhASA ke pArzvanAthacarita eka vimarza zrImati saroja jaina* apabhraMza bhASA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti evaM dharmopadeza ke varNanoM ke atirikta unake jIvana carita bhI likhe gaye haiM / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana para apabhraMza bhASA meM aba taka 7-8 granthoM kA patA calA hai| unameM se prakAzita bahuta kama hueM haiN| ina saba apabhraMza ke pArzvanAtha caritoM meM upalabdha sAmagrI kaI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai / prasatuta Alekha meM nimnAMkita apabhraMza bhASA ke pArzvanAthacaritoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo AgAmI zodhakArya ke lie upayogI ho sakatA hai - By 1. pAsaNAhacariu (padmakIrti), * prakAzita, 10vIM zatI 2. pAsaNAhacariu (devadatta), aprakAzita, 11vIM zatI 3. pAMsaNAhacariu (vibudhazrIdhara ), aprakAzita, 12vIM sadI 4. pAsaNAhacariu (devacandra ), aprakAzita, 15vIM sadI pAsaNAhacariu ( raidhu), aprakAzita, 15vIM sadI 6. . `pAsaNAhacariu (asavAla kavi), aprakAzita, 15vI sadI pAsapurANa (tejapAla), aprakAzita, 15vIM sadI ina mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI pANDulipiyAM vibhinna grantha bhaNDAroM meM abhI upalabdha haiN|' unakI surakSA evaM kampyUTara praNAlI se pratiyAM karAnA samAja kA prathama dAyitva hai aura inakA sampAdana kara mUlyAMkana karanA vidvAnoM kA . parama kartavya hai / * udayapura

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188 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 1. pAsaNAhacariu - padmakIrti apabhraMza bhASA meM likhita yaha pAsaNAhacariu (pArzvanAthacarita) 18 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM vividha chandoM meM likhita 310 kar3abaka tathA lagabhaga 3323 paMktiyAM haiN| grantha meM kavi ne paramparA prApta kathAnaka ko hI apanAyA hai| isakI prathama sandhi meM magadhadezastha podanapura nagara ke rAjamantrI vizvabhUti ke kamaTha aura marubhUti nAmaka putroM, kamaLaM dvArA marubhUti kI patnI ke sAtha anucita vyavahAra, rAjA dvArA kamaTha kA nagara se nirvAsana, marubhUti kA kamaTha dvArA mAra DAlanA tathA maraNAnantara marubhUti kA aSanighoSa (vajraghoSa) nAmaka hAthI hone kA varNana kiyAM gayA hai| dvitIya sandhi meM rAjA aravinda ko muni dIkSA dhAraNa karane kA varNana hai| tRtIya sandhi meM rAjA kI tapazcaryA, vihAra tathA aSanighoSa 'hAthI ko upadeza denA Adi varNita kiyA gayA hai| caturtha sandhi meM aSanighoSa ko kukkaTa sarpa dvArA kATA jAnA maraNAnantara svarga, prApti aura kukkaTa sarpa ko naraka prApti hone kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| paMcama saMdhi meM marubhUti ke jIva kA svarga se cayakara apara videha meM rAjA honA, kamaTha ke jIva kA naraka se nikalakara bhIla honA tathA bhIla dvArA tapasyA meM lIna rAjA ko mAra diye jAne kA varNana hai| rAjA kA jIva maraNAnantara greveyaka meM aura bhIla marakara naraka jAtA hai| SaSTa sandhi meM marubhUti kA jIva greveyaka se cayakara videha kSetra ke vijayadeza kA rAjA kanakaprabha honA varNita hai| saptama sandhi meM kanakaprabha rAjA dvArA dhAraNa kI gaI munidIkSA kI prazaMsA, unakA dhyAnAstha honA, naraka se cayakara siMha paryAya meM utpanna kamaTha ke jIva dvArA 'kanakaprabha para AkramaNa, phalasvarUpa kanakaprabha kA maraNa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yahAM taMka tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aSTama saMdhi se pArzvanAtha kA varNana prAraMbha hotA hai| aSTama se aSTAdaza sandhi taka hayasena aura vAmA ke garbha se pArzvakumAra kI utpatti, yavanarAja kA chor3A jAnA, kumAra pArzva dvArA

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189 apabhraMza bhASA ke pArzvanAthacarita - eka vimarza kamaTha ke jIva brAhmaNa kulotpanna mithyA tApasI mithyA tapa se alaga hone kI salAha, tapasyA meM lIna pArzvakumAra para asurendra kamaTha ke jIva dvArA upasarga, nAgarAja dvArA pArzvanAtha kI rakSA, kevalajJAna utpatti, asurendra kA pArzvanAtha kI zaraNa meM jAnA aura samavazaraNa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM jaina siddhAntoM kA vistRta vivecana huA hai| kAvayatva kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahatvapUrNa hai| kintu yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki yaha samvat zaka hai yA vikrm| dakSiNa bhArata meM prAya: zaka samvat kA hI prayoga hotA hai| ata: ise zaka samvata hI mAnanA caahie| isa prakAra grantha kA racanA kAla saM. 999 (1077) I. ThaharatA hai| jabaki granthakAra svayaM saM. 999 kA ullekha karate haiN| ata: yaha nirvivAda siddha hai ki yaha pAsaNAhacariu, vAdirAja sUri ke pArzvanAtha caritra se pazcAdavartI haiM 2. pAsaNAhacariu - devadatta apabhraMza ke carita kAvyoM meM DA. devendra kumAra zAstrI ne devadatta ke 'pAsaNAha cariu (pArzvanAtha carita) kA. ullekha kiyA hai| inakI kRrti aura inakA. apanA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| jambUM svAmI ke racayitA mahAkavi vIra ke pitA kA nAma devadatta thaa| devadatta apabhraMza ke acche vidvAna the| mahAkavi vIra ne apabhraMza sAhitya meM apane ko prathama, puSpadanta ko dvitIya tathA apane pitA ko devadatta ko tRtIya sthAna pradAna kiyA hai saMbhava hai yahI devadatta pAsaNAhacariu ke racayitA hoN| 3. pAsaNAhacariu - vivudha zrIdhara - pAsaNAhacariu apabhraMza meM likhita paurANika mahAkAvya hai| isakI kathAvastu 12 saMghiyoM meM vibhakta hai| grantha 2500 padya pramANa haiN| isameM teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA carita nibaddha hai| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se yaha uttama koTi kI racanA hai| nadiyoM, nagaroM Adi kA bar3A hI AkarSaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai tathA bhASA AlaMkArika hai| kathAvastu paramparA prApta hai| apabhraMza evaM saMskRta-sAhitya

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190 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha meM 7 zrIdhara vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai kavi zrIdhara vivudha kI mAtA kA nAma vIlhA aura pitA kA nAma vudhagolha thaa| pArzvanAtha carita (pAsaNAhacariu) meM kavi ne grantha kA racanAkAla aMkita kiyA hai ata: inakA samaya vivAdAspada nahIM hai pAsaNAhacariu kI racanA vi. saM. 1189 (1132 IsvI) meM mArgazIrSa kRSNA aSTamI ravivAra ko pUrNa huI thii| 4. pAsaNAhacariu - devacandra prastuta pAsaNAhacariu meM 9911 saMdhiyAM aura 202 kaDuvaka haiN| devacandra ne apabhraMza meM likhita isa kRti meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ke pUrvabhavoM ke sAtha unake jIvana para prakAza DAlA hai| grantha adyAvati aprakAzita hai. isakI hastalikhita prati pa. paramAnanda zAstrI ke niji saMgraha meM hai| isakA lekhana kAla vi. saM. 1549 (1492 I.) hai| isI kI eka prati pAsapurANa nAma se sarasvatI bhavana nAgaura meM bhI hai| inakA racanA kAla vi.sa. 1520 (1463 I.) hai| pratipUrNa hai| 5. pAsaNAhacariu - raidhu isakI kathAvastu 7 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta hai| raidhu kI samasta kRtiyoM meM apabhraMza bhASA kA yaha kAvya zreSTha sarasa evaM rucikara hai| isameM saMvAda prastuta karane kA DhaMga bar3A hI sundara tathA nATakIya hai| ye. saMvAda pAtroM ke caritra citraNa meM praryApta sahAyaka siddha hote haiN| raidhu ke pAsaNAhacariu kI aneka hastalikhita pratiyAM koTA, vyAvara, jayapura, AgarA ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM bharI par3I haiM jisase isa grantha kI lokapriyatA aura mahattA kA sahaja hI anamAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| DaoN. rAjArAmajI jaina ne inakA samaya vi. saM. 1457-1536 (1400-1479 I.) mAnA hai| 6. pAsaNAhacariu - asavAlakavi apabhraMza bhASA meM nibaddha grantha 13 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta hai| kathAvastu paramparAgata hai| isameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA pUrva 9 bhavoM sahita varNana kiyA

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apabhraMza bhASA ke pArzvanAthacarita - eka vimarza 191 gayA hai| kamaTha kA jIva marUbhUti ke jIva se 9 bhavoM taka nirantara baira karatA rahatA hai| 10ve bhava meM marubhUti kA jIva tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke rUpa meM AtmakalyANa karatA hai| pArzvanAtha 30 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA dhAraNa kara lete haiM aura kaThina tapasyA karane ke phalasvarUpa sammeda zikhara para nirvANa prApta karate haiN| isa grantha kI eka hI hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai, jo zrI agravAla digambara jaina mandira kaTarA AgarA meM hai| inhoMne mUlasaMgha valAtkaragaNa ke AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ata: jAna par3atA hai ki ve isI se saMbaddha the| grantha racanA cauhAnavaMzI rAjA pRthvI siMha ke rAjyakAla meM vi.saM. 1479 (1422 I.) meM huI thii| 7. pAsapurANa - tejapAla __ pAsapurANa paddhaDiyA chanda meM likhita eka khaNDakAvya hai| grantha adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| isakI hastalikhita pratiyAM bhaTTAraka harSakIrti bhaMDAra ajamera bar3e ghar3e kA mandira ajamera tathA AmerazAstra bhaNDAra jayapura meM hai| bar3e ghar3e kA mandira ajamera tathA amerazAstra bhaNDAra jayapura kI prati kA racanAkAla kramaza: vi.saM. 1516 aura 1577 (1459 aura 1520 I.) hai| kavi. tejapAla mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti, bhuvanakIrti aura vizAlakIrti kI AmnAya se saMbaMdhita the| inhoMne pAsapurANa kI racanA muni:padmanandi ke ziSya zivanandi bhaTTAraka ke saMketa se vi. saM. 1515 (1458 I.) meM kI thii| ... bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke jIvana-darzana ko prastuta karane vAle apabhraMza bhASA ke ye caritaM grantha prakAza meM Ane cAhieM, usase bha. pArzva ke jIvana kI chavi aura adhika prakAzavAna hogii| ina granthoM meM aMkita madhyayugIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke aneka naye pakSa bhI ujAgara ho sakate haiN| .. saMdarbha .1 / (ka) devendra kumAra zAstrI, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM (kha) jayakumAra jaina, pArzvanAthacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, 1987

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M' 5 192 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 2. pI.ke. modI (sampA.), pAsaNAhacariu, ahamadAbAda, 1965 3. pAsaNAhacariurU saMdhi 18, kar3avaka 20 4. DI.ke. zAstrI, vahI, vR. 35 vimala prakAza jaina (sampA.) - jaMbusAmicariu, saMdhi 1, kar3avaka 4-5 6. agravAla diga. jaina maMdira, motIkaTarA, AgarA meM pANDulipi uplbdh| 7. nemIcandra zAstrI, tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR.139 8. apabhraMza sA. kI zo. pra. pR. 147 9. vahI, pR. 146 10. mahAkavi raidhu ke sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR. 120 11. anekAnta, varSa 13, kiraNa 10 (1955, pR. 252 . .. / 12. vahI, pR. 211 13. zAstrI, DI.ke., vahI, pR. 210 / / 14. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR. 210 / /

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA.ke Aloka meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha .. - DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina "bhAratI"* nagendra phaNIndraM surendra adhIsaM / zatendraM su pUjai bhamaiM nAya zIsaM / munIndraM gaNendraM namo joDi hAthaM / namodevadevaM sadA pArzvanAthaM / / "tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA" DaoN. premasAgara jaina dvArA sampAdita eka aisI mahanIya kRti hai jisameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI bhakti meM vibhinna kaviyoM dvArA racita 102 padyoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| bhakti bhAvanA AdhArita hotI hai kahate haiM "bhAvanA bhava nAzinI, durbhAvanA bhava vrddhinii|" arthAt sadbhAvanA saMsAra kA nAza karane vAlI evaM durbhAvanA saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAlI hotI hai| "abhidhAna rAjendra koza" ke anusAra "bhakti" zabda "bhajaM" dhAtu meM strI liMga "ktan" pratyaya lagAne se banA hai| jisakA artha bhajanA hai| "zAMDilya" ke anusAra - "Atmaratvavirodheti zAMDilya:" arthAt AtmA meM tIvra ratibhAva honA hI bhakti hai| zrI hemacandrAcArya ne "prAkRta vyAkaraNa" meM bhakti ko "zraddhA" kahA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra - "arhadAcAryeSu pravacane ca bhAva vizuddhiyukto'nurAgo bhakti:" arthAt. arahanta, AcArya, bahuzruta (upAdhyAya) aura pravacana meM bhAva vizuddhi yukta anurAga hI bhakti hai| - bhakta aura bhagavAn ko jor3anevAlI bhakti hai jisake prabhAva se viSa amRta meM badala jAtA hai, ber3iyoM se jakar3A vyakti bandhanamukta ho jAtA hai, aMjana niraMjana bana jAtA hai, kuttA devagati pA letA hai, yahA~ taka ki bhakti ke bala se manuSya aSTakarmoM kA nAzakara siddhagati ko prApta kara letA hai| * burahAnapura

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakta kaviyoM ke lie bhagavAn pArzvanAtha sarvAdhika iSTa rahe haiN| unakA vizvavyApI prabhAva, jana kalyANI chavi, nirIha nAga-nAgina, jinheM loga duSTa kI saMjJA dete haiM, unheM bhI upakRta karane vAlA paropakArI vyaktitva, kAmavijayI, kSamAzIla, ghoropasargajayI, siddhapuruSa kI chavi, ye saba aise guNAtmaka kAraka the jinase bhakta kaviyoM kI lekhanI ko navarUpa milA, phalata: aneka racanAyeM sRjita huI jinameM bhagavAn. pArzvanAtha kA jIvana carita evaM unake prati bhaktibhAvanA mUrtarUpa lekara prakaTa huI haiN| isa "tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA" meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha sambandhI nimna tathya evaM bhAvanAyeM prakaTa huI haiM / kisake harihara kisake brahmA kisake dila meM raamN| morA dila meM tu vasyauM sAhiba ziva nau tthaaNm|| / mAtA vAmA dhanna pitA jasuzrI azvasena nresh| janamapurI bAnArasI dhana-dhana kAsI des|| . arthAt kisI ke dila meM harihara (viSNu), kisI ke dila meM brahmA aura kisI ke dila meM rAma rahate haiM, kintu mere dila meM zivarUpa he pArzvanAtha! Apa rahate haiN| ApakI mAtA vAmAdevI aura Apake pitA nareza azvasena dhanya haiM, jinhoMne aise putra ko janma diyaa| vaha nagarI vArANasI aura vaha kAzI deza bhI dhanya hai jahA~ ApakA janma huaa| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha jIvana carita bha. pArzvanAtha ke prati mana-vacana-kAya se anurakta bhakta kaviyoM ne bhagavAn pArzva ke jIvana carita ko bar3e hI anurAga se zabdoM ke sAMce meM DhAlA hai| zrI kizana siMha ne isa eka hI padya meM bha.. pArzvanAtha prabhu ke jIvana carita ko zabdAMkita kiyA hai|- , azvasena nRpa pitA devI vAmA sumaataa| haritakAya nava hAtha varaSazasta Ayu vikhyaataa||

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA - ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha vArANasI su janma vaMza ikSyAku maMjhArI / lachina sarapa ju vanyoM prabhu upasarga nivArI / / gaNadhara ju bhaye dazajJAna ghara kosa pA~ca samavAdi mani / zrI pArzvanAtha meTau sadA kamaTha mAna vanadava agani / 195 arthAt pArzva prabhu ke pitA kA nAma azvasena aura mAtA kA nAma vAmA devI thaa| unakI kAyA haritavarNa kI aura nau hAtha U~cI thii| unakI Ayu 100 varSa kI vikhyAta thI / unakA janma vArANasI meM prasiddha ikSvAkuvaMza meM.huA thaa| unakA cinha nAga thA, jisane prabhu para Aye upasarga ko dUra kiyA thA / unakA samavazaraNa pA~ca kosa meM phailA huA thA aura unake gaNadhara dazajJAna ke dhArI the / he pArzva prabhu Apa kamaTha jaise duSToM ke mAna ko aura isa saMsAra rUpI vana meM lagI ahaMkAra rUpI dAvAgni ko sadaiva miTAte raheM / jaba pArzvaprabhu kA janma huA to saba ora badhAiyAM hone lagIM, maMgala gIta gAye jAne lge| unake janma se tIna loka meM yahA~ taka ki naraka meM bhI nArakiyoM ne kucha samaya ke lie zAnti prApta kI / daulatarAma jI likhate haiM ki : vAmA ghara bajata badhAI cali dekha rI bhAI | Teka | sugurAsa jaga- Asa bharana tina, janai pArzva jinarAI / zrI hI dhRti kIrati buddhilakSmI, harSa aMga na mAI / / 'barana - barana mani cUra sacI saba, pUrata cauka suhAI / hA-hA hU-hU nArada tumbara, gAvata zruti sukhadAI / cali. / 2 / tAMDava nRtya naTata harinaTa tina, nakha-nakha suro na caaii| kinnara kara dhara bIna bajAvata, dRgamanahara chabi chAI / / cali. / 3 / 1 daula tAsu prabhu kI mahimA, suragurU ce kahiya na AI / jAke janma samaya narakana meM, nAraki sAtA pAI / 7 / cali. / 4 /

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196 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ___bha. pArzva kA varNa adhikAMza kaviyoM ne zyAma varNa mAnA hai| unakA vaMza ugravaMza thA jaba pArzvaprabhu kA janma huA to indra ne Akara janma kalyANaka kA utsava manAyA tathA unakI pUjA-arcanA kii|10 bhagavAn ne lakar3I meM jalate hue nAganAgina ko bacAkara unheM maMtra sunAyA jisase ve donoM svarga meM dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI hue|' kaviyoM ne varNana kiyA hai ki :(ka) jugala nAga jina jarata ubAre, saMkaTa dAha harana kii| sarana mohi pAsa jinaMda sarana kii| (kha) jugalanAga jina jarata ubAre. mantra sunAyo navakArI ho tina prasAda dharaNendra padmAvatI pAyo paTa subhakArI ho|13. (ga) jinha ke vacana ura dhArata jugala nAga, bhaye dharaninda padmAvatI palaka meN| (gha) tauri bijamati karai ikacitta susevaka tai dharaNiMdA hai| tai jalatI Agi nikAlyA nAga kiyA vammAga surandA hai / 15 tau caraNaM Aya rahUM lipaTAM ikalA ati keli karaMdA hai / 15 (Ga) jugala nAga jalate nau dittA dharani Isa adhikAra, jaga teDA dvArA kahaMbA / prabhu pArasa aba cAha nadI vAra / 16 (ca) nAga isa nAgina * dayo nAgarAja pada karUNA kari tAre te kaite nAri naro hai|7 isa prakAra pArzva prabhu ne nAga-nAgina kA uddhAra kiyaa| jaba pArzvaprabhu tapasyArata the tabhI kamaTha ke jIva zaMbara deva ne una para ghora upasarga kiyA jisase dharaNendra ne Akara bhagavAn ke sira para sarpaphaNa

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA - ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 197 AcchAdita kara upasarga nivAraNa kiyA upasarga kI sthiti meM pArzva prabhu kA dhyAna avicalita rhaa| kavi rUpacanda ne likhA hai ki - (ka) kamaTha-kRta upasarga sargani, acalita yoga vicaar|| phaNipa padmAvatI pUjita pAda padam dayAlu / (kha) khuzAla canda kAlA ne likhA hai ki kamaTha mAna bhaMjana kari prabhujI, rAkhyA mana atibhArI ho19 (ga) kavi jagatarAma ne likhA hai ki : . ho pArasaM jina bhavikaMja bodhadina. upasarga kauM dalana asarana kauM sarana / kamaTha -- kopa kari rajaSeSI tuma para, terI kahaM chAyA hu ko laisaha na avarana, jai jai ho|| atighana barasAyo mUsalasI dhAra chAyau vikaTa garaja bIz2a jhaMjhAbAta ko dhrn| preta vajra koM paThAyau gare rUMDamAla dhAyau * Sare ke samuSa Age deSata bhayakarana, jai jai ho|| taba zeSanAga Ayau phaMNa ko suchatra chAyo . tuma dhyAna ura lAyau karama gana hrn| gayAna parakAsa bhayau kamaTha nirAsa thayau jagatarAma dAsa nayau niSi vara caraNa, jai jai ho|20 .arthAt he pArzva prabhu, bhavyajana rUpI kamaloM ko khilAne ke lie tuma sUrya ke samAna ho| tuma upasargoM ko naSTa karate aura azaraNa ko zaraNa dete ho| kamaTha ne krodha karake Apa ke Upara jo dhUla pheMkI thI, usase Apake zarIra kI chAyA kA leza bhI avarNa na ho skaa| usane bAdala lAkara mUsalAdhAra varSA kI, sAtha hI bhayaMkara garjana, bijalI kI camaka aura tUphAnI havA se Aphata barasA kara dii| usane vajra nAma ke preta ko bhejA jo apane gale meM khaNDamAlA dhAraNa kara ApakI tarapha daur3A, kintu usake sammukha pahu~cate hI bhayabhIta ho uThA, he prabhu ApakI jaya ho| usI samaya zeSanAga

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 198 A gayA aura usane apane phaNa kA chatra Apake Upara lagA diyaa| taba Apane karmoM ke samUha ko harane vAle zukla dhyAna ko dhAraNa kiyaa| tatkAla kevalajJAna kA prakAza ho uThA aura kamaTha nirAza hokara thaka gyaa| kavi jagatarAma kA kathana hai ki phira vaha asura Apake zreSTha caraNoM para dRSTi Aropita karatA huA dAsa kI taraha jhuka gyaa| anantara samavazaraNa meM divya dhvani ke mAdhyama se jIvoM kA paramaupakAra karate hue anta meM pArzva prabhu ne sammeda zikhara se nirvANa prApta kiyaa| yaha tithi mokSa saptamI ke nAma se prasiddha hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke vizeSaNa ___ bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke aneka vizeSaNa bhakta kaviyoM ne ullikhita kiye haiM jo unakI caritrika vizeSatAoM. ko prakaTa karate haiN| jaise -patitapAvana, patita uddhAraka, tIna lokapati22, AnandakaMda (Ananda ke janmadAtA), pUnama-candra (pUNimA ke caMdra) karama phaMda hartA (karmoM ke phande ko haranevAle). bhrama-nikaMda (bhrama ko jar3amUla se naSTa karane vAle), dukhahartA (dukhoM kA harana karane vAle), sukha pUraka mahAcaina dAtA (sukha pUrita kara mahAzAnti dene vAle)23, kalpavRkSa, kAmadhenu, divya cantAmaNi', tAranatarana25, kamaTha mahAmada bhNjn| (kamaTha ke mahAmada ko naSTa karane vAle), bhavika raMjana (bhavya jIvoM ko Anandita karane vAle), pApa tamopaha bhuvanaprakAzaka, (pApa rUpI aMdhakAra se Dhake saMsAra ko prakAzita karane vAle), bhUvija-divija pati-danuja-dinesara sevita, narendra, devendra, danuja (dAnava) aura sUrya se sevita, vAmAnandana (vAmA devI ke putra) / banArasI dAsa jI ne unakI vizeSatAoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki karama-bharama jaga timira-harana-khaga, urg-lkhn-pg-shiv-mg-drsii| nirakhata nayana bhavika jala barakhaMta, harakhata amita bhavika jana srsii||

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA - ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 199 madana-kadana-jita parama dharama hita, sumirata bhagata bhagata saba DarasI / sajala jalada-tana mukuTa sapata phana, kamaTha-danala jina namada banarasI / 27 arthAt saMsAra kA andhakAra - karmarUpI bhrama, use harane ke lie jo sUrya ke samAna hai, jinake caraNoM meM zeSanAga jhukA rahatA hai aura jinhoMne mokSamArga kA darzana kara liyA hai, aise pArzva prabhu kI ora dekhate haiM to Atmarasa barasatA dikhAI detA hai, jisa se bhavyajana rUpI tAlAba bharakara praphullita ho uThatA hai| bhagavAn parama dharma ke hetu kAmadeva ko naSTa kara jIta lete haiN| bhaktajana jaba unakA smaraNa karate haiM to saba bhaya dUra bhAga jAte haiN| una prabhu kA zarIra jala bhare bAdala ke samAna kAntivAn hai, unake sira para sAta phaNa vAle sarpa kA mukuTa lagA rahatA hai| ve kamaTha nAma ke asura ko dala DAlate haiN| kavi banArasI dAsa unake caraNoM meM namaskAra karate haiN| . bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI vizeSatAoM ko kavi rUpacanda ne isa rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| sakala vikAra rahita bina ambara sundara subha krnii| nirAbharaNa bhAsura chavi lAjata koTi ratana trnii|| vasurasa rahita zAMta rasa rAjata bali yaha sAdhapanI / jAti virodha jaMtu jiha dekhata tajata prakRti apnii| darasana durita hare bhava-saMkaTa sura-nara mara-mohanI / rUpacanda kahA kahau mahimA tribhuvana mnii|| prabhu terI mUrati rUpa bnii||28 arthAt he prabhu tuma sampUrNa vikAroM se rahita digambara ho| tumhAre kArya pavitra haiN| AbharaNa rahita tumhArI chavi aisI camakatI hai ki koTi-koTi ratnoM kI camaka bhI phIkI par3a jAtI hai| ATha rasa rahita kevala zAnta rasa hI tuma meM virAjatA hai| maiM tumhAre isa sAdhupana para balihAra hotA huuN|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha Apake darzana karate hI jantu apanA jAtigata virodha chor3a dete haiN| ApakA darzana deva aura manuSya donoM ke mana ko mohita karatA hai tathA pApa aura saMsAra kI bAdhAoM ko harane vAlA hai / haiM tribhuvana ke mukuTamaNi arthAt tInoM lokoM meM sarvotkRSTa rUpacanda ApakI mahimA kA kyA varNana kare, vaha to varNanAtIta hai / 200 jJAnapuMja" surapati pUjyapAda (indroM dvArA pUjita caraNa vAle), janma jaladhitArana taraMDa (janma rUpI samudra ko pAra karane meM naukA ke samAna), paramAdbhuta sukha maNi karaMDa (parama adbhuta sukharUpI maNi kI maMjuSA ), nijAnanda dAyaka, dukhatimira nAzaka dineza, naSTamAra ( kAmanAzaka ) 30, sAmariyA" (zyAmavarNI), manamadha - mataMga - hari (kAmadevarUpI hAthI ke lie siMha), bina snAna nitta nirmala, aMtara - bAhira sahaja pavitra, svayaMbuddha, jagarakSaka, binakArana bandhu, guNasAgara, agama apAra, azaraNa-AdhAra, atizaya bhaMDAra, ziva saMpattikarana tAranatarana, bhavi dadhipAra utArana hAra, tribhuvaNadhaNIM, zivadena hAra, jJAnavaMta" ityAdi vizeSaNa bhaktakaviyoM ke sphuTa padyoM meM milate haiM jinase bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke bahumukhI vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kA patA calatA hai / vAstava meM unakA pUrA carita vizeSaNoM se ApUrita hai saMsAra kA aisA koI vizeSaNa - vibhUSaNa nahIM hai jo unameM zobhAyamAna nahIM hotA ho / bha. pArzvanAtha kI mahimA bha. pArzvanAtha ke nAma kI mahimA avarNanIya hai / unake nAma jApa se upasarga haraNa, viSaharaNa evaM nAgoM kA damana ho jAtA hai| nAgayoni ke deva sahAyaka hote haiM, viSapAna amRta meM badala jAtA hai| Apake nAma dhAraNa se pApa-paMka dhula jAte haiN| yahA~ taka ki pArasamaNi se jIva- lohA kaMcana sama bana jAtA hai| viSApahabhastrotra meM acalakIrti kahate haiM: upasarga-harana tuma nAga amola, maMtra jaMtra tumahiM mana phola /

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201 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA - ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha jaise vajra parabata parahAra, * tuma nAma maMtra ho vissaaphaar|| nAga-damaNa tuma nAga sahAya, ...viSadhara viSa nAsana raay| tuma sumarai bhava jo cita lAya, __ viSa pIve amRta ho jAya / nAma sudhAra saba raNai jahA~, ___pApa paMka mala nAsai thaaN| jaise pArasa vaise loha, . tuma gunata kaMcana-sama hohi. / 36 __aura bhI siddhiyAM pArzvanAma japane, smaraNa karane se AtI haiN| 'manarAma' kahate haiM ki : pArasa prabhu tuma nAma jo sumare mana-vaca-kAya / bAsa pitta kapha roga saba china meM jaoNya plaay|| * tvaM nAma maMtra bhUtAdika. vyaMtara naase| tvaM nAma maMtra nahiM saMpatti saMga tyAge / / tvaM nAma maMtra sevata hI sidhi daasii| tvaM nAma maMtra Atma anubhava abhyaasii|| tvaM nAma maMtra ciMtAmaNi ratana svaamii| tvaM nAma maMtra dhyAvata hoi surggaamii|| . tvaM nAma maMtra prabhu pAsaM jagata vissyaataa| tvaM nAma maMtra prabhu pArsa mokSa daataa|| bhavasAgara ati hI gahara, nAnA dukha jala maaNhi| prabhu tuma nAma jahAja bina, Ani saraNa koI nAhiM / 27 daulatarAma jI kahate haiM ki unake nAma-maMtra kA jApa karane se pApoM kA nAza hotA hai -

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202 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - nAma-maMtra jai japeM bhavya tina, adyahita nazata azeSA haiM / 38 / jagatarAma kahate haiM ki : . jagatarAma pAsa nA japo yoM vicAri kAma / sabe siddhi hota pUjyagurU jIvatAta re|39 arthAt bhagavAn pArzva ke nAma kA jo kArya vicAra kara nAma japatA hai use sarva siddhiyAM prApta ho jAtI haiN| pArzva prabhu ke nAma kI hI mahimA hai ki unakA janmasthAna AbAda hai| nirvANa sthala ke darzana kiye binA bhaktoM kA jIvana saphala nahIM hotaa| tIrthaMkara pArzva prabhu ke nAma kI mahimA kA prabhAva dekhiye ki bhaMktibhAva se prerita hokara 'jagarAma' kavi unhIM pArzvanAtha se kaha uThate haiM ki - he prabhu pArzvanAtha isa bAta kI Asa pUrI kara do| Asa (AzA) yahI hai ki Apake nAmamaMtra kA jApa karane ke lie mujhe eka, jApa (mAlA) prApta ho jaayeN| paMktiyAM draSTavya haiN| pUro jagarAmadAsa Asa prabhu paarsnaath| pAvoM nAma maMtra ke japAvana kI jaakhinii| mithyA mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM aneka mithyA mAnyatAoM kA pracalana thA jisakA khaNDana karate hue bhakta kaviyoM ne pArzva prabhu kI zakti karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| unakA soca thA ki jaba eka pArzva prabhu kI zakti hI suba kucha dene vAlI hai taba anyatra devI-devatAoM ko pUjane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa jI kahate haiM : kAhe ko dezA-dizAMtara dhAvata, kAhe rijhAvata iNd-nriNd| kAhe ko devI au deva manAvata, kAhe ko zIsa navAvata cNd|| kAhe ko sUraja so kara jorata, kAhe nihorata mUr3ha muninda? kAhe ko zoca kare dina raina tU, sevata kyoM nahiM pArzva jinNd|"

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 203 he prANI tU deza - dezAntara meM kyoM daur3atA phiratA hai, kyoM indra aura narendra ko rijhAne kI koziza karatA hai / tU kyoM devI aura devatAoM ko manAtA hai, kyoM caMndra ko sira jhukAtA hai / tU kyoM sUrya ke hAtha jor3atA hai namaskAra karatA hai kyoM mUrkha munIndroM ke nihore karatA haiM / tU dina-rAta cintA kyoM karatA rahatA hai / tU pArzva jinendra kI sevA kyoM nahIM karatA arthAt eka pArzva jinendra kI sevA karane se tU saba cintAoM se nirmukta ho sakatA hai| kavivara jagajIvana jI kahate haiM ki : manavacana mAM bhaviyana zrI pArasa cinaMda suSakArI jI / / jaba prabhu tero nAma z2u jAnyau Anadeva saba TAro jI / 42 - arthAt mana-vacana-karma se smaraNa karane vAle bhavya jIvoM ke pArzvajina atyadhika sukhakArI hai| he prabhu jaba Apake nAma kI mahimA vidita huI taba hamane anya devoM kI pUjA zakti tyAga dI / kudevoM kI pUjA mithyA mAnyatA hai jisakA khaNDana karate hue kavi hIrAcanda pArzva prabhu kI pUjA - bhakti ko hI ucita mAnate haiM yathA anyadeva meM bahutahiM seye, sarayo eka na kAja / jaba maiM prabhu tuma pada pidhAyoM, ina bhava avara na kAja / 43 'jo prabhu pArzva kI bhakti chor3akara anya kI sevA karatA hai vaha mAna maNi ko chor3akara kAMca ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / pArasa ko chAMr3i AMna ko sevata kAMca grahaNa maNi chor3ata jyoM re / 44 amara kavi kahate haiM ki hamane jitane bhI deva, devI aura naranAtha (rAz2A) dekheM, saba janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM phaMse hue haiM aura AzA tathA santoSa kI rIti meM baMdhe haiN| isalie maiM kisI aura ko nahIM mAnatA, jisavara pArzva kI zaraNa meM AyA hUM /

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204 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha deva devI jina dekhe, naranAtha bhI vizeSe, mai marai ke aleSe, Asa toSa rIti kI / aura kAha na manAvUM jina caraNa citta lAvUM, nitaprati jasa gAvUM, mala maila gIja kI / bhava saMkaTa se haraNa, amara tAraNa taraNa, parayo pArasa zaraNa, aura kIje mo g2arIba kI / 45 ukta citraNa ko dekhate hue jo jana kudeva, kuzAstra, kuguru pUjana-bhajana meM saMlagna haiM unheM sumArga para AnA cAhie / bhalA, hama soceM ki jo kArya trailokya dhanI tIrthaMkara pArzva prabhu kI bhakti nahIM de sakatI use aMkiMcana svargAdika ke deva yA nazvaraM sampadA ke dhanI puruSa kaise de sakate haiM? bhagavAn pArzvanAtha se bhakta kI pukAra kavivara jagatarAma kahate haiM - he prabhu tumhArA nAma patitapAvana hai aura mujhe karmoM ne ghera liyA hai| maiM patita hUM tuma patitoM kA uddhAra karane vAle ho, yaha tumhArI pratijJA ke nirvAha kA samaya hai / tumane aneka patitoM kA uddhAra kiyA hai, tumhAre Adhe nAma ne hI unheM bhava samudra ke pAra lagA diyaa| isI kAraNa he pArzva prabhu maiM ApakI zaraNa meM AyA huuN| Apa sAhiba ( rakSaka) haiM aura maiM ApakA dAsa hUM / yathA patita pAvana nAma tero so prabhu karma dherayo tana mero / hoM patiti tuma patita udhArana lAja virada ko vero / patita / / aura patita aneka udhAre urddhanAma kiyau ju nivero / yAtaiM sarana pArasa aba tero, tU sAhiba ho cerALe / ptit| 46

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA - ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 205 kavi kumudacandra kahate haiM ki mujhase bhUla ho gyii| maiMne pArasa prabhu ke caraNoM kA yaza nahIM gAyA, maiMne apanA narabhava vyartha gaMvA diyA - kumudacandra kaheM cUka parI mohI pArasa pada jaba nahiM gaayo|| maiM to narabhava bAdi gaMvAyoM / 47 jagajIvana kavi kahate haiM ki : jIvanarAma kare prabhu vinatI daur3a kara jori tumhArI jii| tumaho tIna loka ke ThAkura kumati kusaMga nivAro jii|" arthAt he prabhu jagajIvana donoM hAtha jor3akara tumhArI vinatI karate haiM, tuma tInoM lokoM ke ThAkura ho, kumati aura kusaMga kA nivAraNa kro| kavi rUpacanda kahate haiM ki :hAM jI mohi tAro saiyAM ho pArasa, mohi. (Teka) bhavadadhi bhavaMNamAhi taiM mokU karagahi vega ubaaro|| saiyAM / / vidhi vasiteM bahavidhi adhakIne, so saba nAhiM nihaaroN|| siyaaN|| . patita udhAraka, patita raTata haiM, dIjai rUpa tihAroM / / saiyAM / / arthAt he pArasa svAmI mujhe tAra do isa bhava-samudra kI bhaMvaroM se mujhe hAtha pakaDaM kara ubAra lo| durbhAgyavazAt maiMne aneka pApa kiye haiM, unakI tarapha mata dekho| tuma patita uddhAraka ho aura yaha patita ApakI raTa lagAye hue haiM, ata: apanA rUpa dekara apane samAna banA liijie| isI bhAva ko sUradAsa jI ne bhI kahA hai| hamAre prabhu auguna cita na dhro| samadarasI hai nAma tumhAro, soI pAra kro|50 kavi kijanacanda bha. pArzva se janma maraNa miTAne kI kAmanA karate haiN| adhama udhAra jagata ke trAtA, tuma bina aura na saay| - caMda kisana tuma ima jAMcata hai, jAmana marana miTAya" / /

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206 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pArasadAsa kavi prabhu se apane jaisA banA lene kI kAmanA karate haiM : tuma garIba ke nivAja, maiM garIba tero| tuma samAna kI jai prabhu, suNa je dukha mero|52 bhakta kI kAmanA hai ki zakti tumhArI taba lUM cAvU jaba lUM sivapura vAsaM na paadduuN|.. aMta samAdhi maraNa tuma sevA dyo niravighna pArzva jinadevA / 53 he pArzva jinadeva maiM ApakI bhakti taba taka cAhatA hU~ jaba taka mujhe zivapura arthAt mokSa kA vAsa prApta na ho jaaye| ApakI sevA se merA anta nirvighna samAdhimaraNapUrvaka ho| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI bhakti kA phala . bhakta kI bhakti svArthamaya hotI hai jisake pIche uttama pariNAma kI lAlasA rahatI hai| jo ciMtAmaNi sadRzya haiM aise pArzvaprabhu kI bhakti se pApa naSTa hote haiN| jo manuSya aSTa dravyoM se, uttama mana-vacana-karma ke sAtha, ApakI pUjA karatA hai vaha indra aura cakravartI kI saMpadA prApta karatA hai, manuSya yoni meM janma le zrAvaka kula meM AtA hai| bhava-bhava meM vaha ApakI(pArzva kI) bhakti aura satsaMgati pAtA hai| kisanacanda kavi kahate haiM svAmI pAsa prabhu thAne pUjyA jI pAliga jaay|| aSTa dravya kari je nara pUreM suTha mana baca kaay|| indra cakra cakrI kI saMpati, tuma pUjai tai paay| svaamii|| tuma pUjana te mAnuSa ho hai, zrAvaNa kula meM Aya, sata.saMgati aru bhagati tihArI bhava bhava meM ye paay|| svaamii|| navala kavi kahate haiM - dAna sIla tapa bhAvanA ityAdika ura laai| navala prIti pArasa teM karo tyoM umarApura jaai|55

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207 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA - ke Aloka meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha arthAt pArzva prabhu se aisA prema dAna, zIla, tapAdi kI bhAvanA hRdaya meM lAkara karo jisase tumheM amatarapura (mokSa) prApta ho| kanakakIrti ke anusAra prabhupArzva kI bhakti race jii| pade sune nara nAri, suraMgA sukkha lahaiM jii|| prabhu pArzva kI zaraNa grahaNa kara lene para moha para vijaya prApta hotI aba tuma sarana gahI prabhu pArasa moha vijaya kara lInAM / 57 pArzva prabhu ke mukha-darzana se mithyAtva kA nAza hotA haijAke vadana vilaukate hI, nAso dUra mithyAta / tAhi namahaM nita bhAva soM ho, pAsa jagata vikhyAta / 58 kavivara dyAnatarAya jI ne pArzva prabhu kI zakti kA phala saba kAryoM meM saphalatA, dhana, saMpatti, manovAMchita bhogoM kA saMyoga, ghara meM kalpavRkSa, kAmadhenu sevArata, sukhada saMyoga, durlabha kArya sulabha, roga-zoka-dukhoM kA palAyana, devoM dvArA sevA, vighnoM kA maMgalarUpa honA, DAyana, bhUta-pizAca ke chala se mukti, rAjya bhaya, cora-bhaya kA abhAva, yaza aura Adara kI prApti, saubhAgya, svarga evaM mokSa kI prApti batAyA hai yathA - ...bhora bhayau bhaja pArasa nAtha, saphala hohi tere saba kAja / dhana sampati mana-vAMchita bhoga, saba vidhi Ana bane sNyog|| ... kalpa vRkSa tAke ghara rahe, kAmadhenu nita sevA bhe| pArasa ciMtAmaNi samudAya, hita soM aza mile sukhdaay|| durlabha teM sulabhya hai jAya, roga-soga-dukha dUra plaay| sevA deva kare mana lAya, vighna ulaTa maMgala tthhraay|| DAyana bhUta pizAca na chale, rAja cora ko jora na cle| - jata Adara saubhAgya prakAsa, dyAnata suraga mukati pada vAsa9 / /

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208 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - manohara kavi kI dRSTi meM bha. pArzva kI bhakti manovAMchita phala dene vAlI hai citta pArasa carana lagAiyau, taba mana vAMchita phala hoi|60 / ajayarAja kI dRSTi meM jisa dina pArzva prabhu se bheMTa ho jAya usa dina janma saphala ho jAtA hai, janma-janma ke pApa miTa jAte haiM aura jaba prabhu apanA mAnaleM to samajho ki janma kRtArtha ho gayA hai aura karmarUpI kalaMka rahita pada jAna liyA hai, yathA - janama saphala bhayo Aja pArsa prabhu bhettiyo| janama-janama ko pApa Aja saba mettiyo|| . janama kRtAratha Aja ju apanau maaniyau| karma kalaMka rahita pada apano jAniyau / / / isa prakAra tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI bhakti ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika phala prApta karAne vAlI hai| aba yaha hama bhaktoM para nirbhara karatA hai ki hama apanI bhakti meM kisa prakAra vizeSatA, zucitA, zubhratA evaM uccatA lA sakate haiN| hamArI bhakti meM jitanI prakharatA hogI hama bhI utanI pavitratA ko prApta kara sakeMge, yahA~ taka ki sacce mana-vacana kAya se bhakti karate-karate eka dina svayaM pArzvamaya pArzvasama bana jaayeNge| bha. pArzva kI zakti ke binA saba kriyAyeM niSphala sarvajanoM ke lie iSTa bha. pArzvanAtha kI bhakti hai jisake lie unake prati saccA zraddhAna Avazyaka hai| jo bha. pArzva kI bhakti chor3akara anyAnya kriyAyeM karate haiM unakI ve saba kriyAyeM niSphala haiN| manohara kavi likhate haiM - jApa japo bhAve tApa tapo bhAvU vrata karau ju lahau saba bhedaM / nagara raho bhAnu-dhUpa saho tIratha jAya karo bahu khedaM / /

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA - ke Aloka meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha 209 mauna karo bhAve dhyAna dharo sA~sata sahI ju paDho nita vedN| eto kiyo to kahA bhayau ju zrI pAsa binA ju sabe phala chedaM / / 62 arthAt he jIva cAhe jApa japo, cAhe tapasyA karo, cAhe saba bheda-prabheda sahita vrata kara DAlo, cAhe nagna rahakara sUrya kI kar3I dhUpa sahana karo athavA tIrthoM meM jAkara nAnA kaSTa jhelo| ghara meM raho yA vana meM jAkara dhyAna dhAraNa karo athavA vedAdhyayana kA kaSTa saho, kintu itanA saba kucha bhI kiyA to kyA kiyA arthAt ina sabake karane meM kucha nahIM hotA, zrI pArzvanAtha kI bhakti ke binA saba niSphala hai| - isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA' meM saMkalita sabhI pada vicAraNIya evaM bha. pArzva ke vividha pakSoM ko darzAnevAle bhaktibhAvanA se ApUrita haiN| inakA anusaraNa karane vAlA jIva nizcita hI bha. pArzva prabhu ke caraNoM kA anugamana kara sakegA aisA vizvAsa hai| saMdarbha. 1. abhidhAna rAjendrakoza, pAMcavAM bhAga, pR. 1365 2. nArada bhakti sUtra., 18 3. AcArya hemacandra : prAkRta vyAkaraNa 2/159, 1900 4. AcArya pUjyapAda : sarvArtha siddhi, bhASya - 339 5. . tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhaktigaMgA 46/29 / sukhadeva: kAzI stuti / 6. vahI, 89/56 / kizana siMha: catuvizaMtistuti / 7. vahI, 19/12 / daulatarAma: daulatapada sNgrh| 8. vahI, 20/13 / kumudcndr| vahI 43/27 (ajayarAja), vahI, 57/35 (daulata rAma) 9. vahI, 31/19, (jagajIvana:padasaMgraha) 10. vahI, 90/56 (pArasadAsa: pArasavilAsa), vahI 91/57 (bhUdharadAsa:pArzva purANa) ..

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210 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 11. vahI, 27/17 (jagatarAma), 40/25 (acalakIrti) . 12. vahI, 28/18, (vinodIlAla:padasaMgraha) 13. vahI, 66/41 (khuzAlacanda kAlA, - caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI vinatI) 14. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhaktigaMgA 60/37 (banArasIdAsa:nATaka samayasAra) 15. vahI, 83/52 (jinaharSa : pArzvanAtha nIsANI) 16. vahI, 99/62 (jagatarAma : hastalikhita padasaMgraha). 17. vahI,100/63 (amara : amaravilAsa) 18. vahI, 59/37 (rUpacanda : padasaMgraha) 19. vahI, 66/41 (khuzAlacanda kAlA : caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI vinatI) 20. vahI, 85/53 (jagatarAma, padasaMgraha) 21. vahI, 6/5 (jagatarAma, padasaMgraha) 22. vahI, 7/6 23. vahI, 10/7 (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa:ahikSiti pArzvanAtha stuti, bramhAbAvanI) 24. vahI, 11/8 (dyAnatarAya : pArzvanAtha stotra) 25. vahI, 16/11 (bhUdharadAsa : padasaMgraha) 26. vahI, 20/13 (kumudacandra, padasaMgraha) 27. vahI, 22/15 (banArasIdAsa - nATaka samayasAra) 28. vahI, 32/20 (rUpacanda, padasaMgraha) 29. vahI, 43/27 (ajayarAja : padasaMgraha) 30. vahI, 51/32 (pArasadAsa : pArasavilAsa) pArvajayamAla 31. vahI, 57/35 (daulatarAma : daulata padasaMgraha) 32. vahI 61/38 (bhUdharadAsa : jainazataka) 33. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhaktigaMgA 74/46-47 bhUdharadAsa : pArzvapurANa) 34. vahI, 88/55 (kapUracanda : pArzvanAtha rAsa) 35. vahI, 90/57 (pArasadAsa : pArasavilAsa) 36. vahI, 40/25 (acalakIrti viSApahArastotra) 37. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhaktigaMgA 42/26-27 (manarAma : vinatI)

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA 38. vahI, 62 / 39 ( daulatarAma daulata padasaMgraha ) : 39. vahI, 75/48 ( jagatarAma : padasaMgraha ) 40. vahI, 26/17 (jagarAma, padasaMgraha ) 41. vahI, 9/7 (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bramhAbAvanI) 42. vahI, 31/20 ( jagajIvana, padasaMgraha ) ke Aloka meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 43. vahI, 37/23 ( hIrAcanda : padasaMgraha ) 44. vahI, 69/43 ( jagatarAma : padasaMgraha ) 45. vahI, 87/55 ( amara : amara vilAsa ) 46. vahI, 6/5 (jagatarAma, padasaMgraha ) 47. vahI, 8 / 6 (kumudacandra padasaMgraha ) 48. vahI, 31 / 20 ( jagajIvana : padasaMgraha ) 49. vahI, 34/20 ( rUpacanda chAvar3A, padasaMgraha ) 50. bhaktikAlIna kAvya : sUradAsa ( padasaMgraha ) - 6, pR. 24 51. tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhakti gaMgA 38 / 24 ( kisanacanda : padasaMgraha ) 52. :vahI, 54/34 (pArasadAsa : pArasavilAsa) 53. vahI, 73/46 ( vahI ) 54. vahI, 038/24 ( kisanacanda : padasaMgraha ) 55. bahI, 44/28 ( navala : padasaMgraha ) 56: vahI, 48/30 (kanakakIrti : padasaMgraha) 57. vahI, 45 / 35 ( pArasadAsa : pArasavilAsa ) 58. vahI, -58/36 (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa : bramhabAvanI) 59. vahI, 65/40-41 (dyAnatarAya dyAnatapada saMgraha ) : 60. vahI, 78/49 (manohara : dharmaparIkSA ) 69. vahI, 96 / 60 ( ajayarAja : padasaMgraha ) 62. vahI, 80/50-51 ( manohara : dharmaparIkSA ) 211

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha. - prophesara lakSmIcandra jaina evaM . bra. kumArI mInA jaina AdimadhyAnta gambhIrA : santo'mbhonidhi snnibhaaH| udAharaNameteSAM pAryo gaNyaH kSamAvatAm / / . . uttara purANa 73.160 / / arthAt jo samudra ke samAna Adi, madhya aura anta meM gambhIra rahate haiM, aise sajjanoM kA yadi koI udAharaNa ho sakatA hai to kSamAvAnoM meM ginatI karane ke yogya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha hI ho sakate haiN| uttara purANa ke racayitA AcArya guNabhadra ne saMkSepa meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana trisaptatitamaM parva meM kiyA hai| kevala eka hI jIva ne bhava bhavAntaroM ke akAraNa baira aura tIvra krodhavaza, dUsare jIva ko lagAtAra mRtyu kaSTa diyA kintu isa dUsare jIva ne kSamAbhAvAdi ko asIma dhairya se dhAraNa kara nirantara vizuddhi ko bar3hAte hue lagAtAra puNya kI vRddhi se nAnA prakAra ke ucca pada prApta kara tIrthaMkara pada ko aMtata: prApta kiyaa| vizaddhi kI mahimA vacanoM se pare hai| eka aura saMkleza aura dusarI ora vizuddhi! kamaTha kA jIva saMkleza kA pratIka aura marubhUti kA jIva vizuddhi kA prtiik| ___ bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI kathA saMklezarUpI mahAviSa aura vizuddhi rUpI akSaya amRta kI amara kahAnI hai| yaha mAtra paurANika kathA nahIM varan tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko 23veM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM deza videza ke vidvAnoM ne aitihAsika mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM digambara sampradAya meM nimnalikhita ullekhanIya sAmagrI hai : * jabalapura

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 9. prathamAnuyoga - 5000 madhyama pada ( ardhamAgadhI) - aprApya 2. zrI vAdirAja sUrI praNIta (869 I.) pArzvanAtha carit 3. zrI sakalakIrti AcAryakRta (saMvat 1495 ) pArzvanAtha purANa 4. bhaTTAraka candrakIrti graMthita pArzvanAtha purANa (saM. 1654) 5. zrI jinasenAcArya kRta pArzvAbhyudaya kAvya (san 658-672) 6. zrI guNabhadrAcArya kRta uttarapurANa meM 73vAM parva (san 742 ) 7. vAdicaMdra praNIta pArzva purANa (saM. 1683) 213 8. puSpadaMta kavi dvArA praNIta uttarapurANa (prAkRta - apabhraMza ) (965 IsvI) 9. padmakIrti, viracita pArzvapurANa (samaya ajJAta prati 1473 saM. kAraMjA) 10. kavivara bhUdharadAsa kRta chaMdobaddha hindI meM pArzvanAtha purANa (saM. 1789) 11. ajJAtakavi dvArA pArzva jIvana kavitta (apUrNa) .: 12. kavi khuzAlacanda kRta hindI chandobaddha pArzvanAtha purANa (saM. 1799 ) 13. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha (hindI) mAsTara choTe lAla dvArA anuvAdita 14. jinasenAcArya ke mUla grantha kA hindI anuvAda, harivaMza purANa meM pArzvacarita 15. pArzva paMDita dvArA graMthita pArzvanAtha purANa (1205 I.) kannar3a 16. kaviM vAdirAja kA saMskRta pArzva nirvANakAvya ( cArukIrti kRta TIkA sahita) 17. dharmaghoSa kRta ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha kalpa 18. baMgalA meM harisatya bhaTTAcArya dvArA prakAzita pArzvanAtha bhagavAn * 19. tAtyA neminAtha pAMgala kRta marAThI meM tIrthaMkara caritre 20. bra. nemidatta viracita nAgendra kathA puNyAzrava kathA koSa -

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214 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 21. cAmuNDarAya purANa (10vIM zatAbdI) 22. aMgrajI meM lArDa pArzvanAtha - harisatya bhaTTAcArya 23. AcArya damanandi kRta purANasAra saMgraha meM zrI pArzvanAtha caritama ityAdi! isI prakAra zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhI kalpasUtra, pArzvanAtha caritra, pArzvanAtha kAvya, zatruJjaya mAhAtmya, uttarAdhyayana kRti Adi grantha upalabdha haiN| uparokta ke atirikta donoM sampradAyoM meM aneka stotra aura pUjA graMtha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha para prApya haiN| digambara sampradAya meM kumudacandra kRta kalyANamaMdira stotra, padmaprabhadeva kRta pArzvanAtha stotra, prAkRta meM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha stotra, padmanaMdikRta pArzvanAtha stotra, vidyAnandI svAmIkRta pArzvanAtha stotra, pArzvanAtha aSTaka, kalikuNDa pArzvanAtha pUjA ityAdi / upalabdha haiN| uparyukta jaina sAhitya meM kahIM aMtara dekhA gayA hai kintu ina sabhI meM kevala eka hI lakSya paricarcita hai jo vizuddhi se saMbaMdhita hai| nAma aura ghaTanAeM kucha aMtara ke sAtha prApta hotI haiM jo ho sakatA hai zruti ke kAraNa, stokabuddhi ke kAraNa athavA anya kAraNoM se prakaTa hue| digambara jaina zAstroM meM sAmAnya antara nimna prakAra paNe go haiN| (kAmatA prasAda jaina, bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, sUrata) 1. zrI guNabhadrAcArya, sakalakIrti, candrakIrti (1/115-117) aura bhUdharadAsa (1-102) kRta granthoM meM kamaTha ke bhAI marubhUti ko usakI khabara kisI rAha calate use pAne kA ullekha nahIM hai; kintu vAdirAja sUri ke graMtha meM (sarga zlo. 63-64) meM yaha vizeSatA hai| 2. zrI jinasena ke 'pArzvabhyudaya kAvya' meM pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha vartamAna rUpa meM hai 3. agAr3I aravinda rAjA ke muni samAgama kA ullekha prAya: saba meM milatA hai| kintu vAdirAja sUri ke graMtha meM una munirAja kA nAma

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 215 'svayaMprabha' aura unake Agamana kI sUcanA mAlI dvArA rAjA ke pAsa pahuMcAne kA vizeSa ullekha huA hai (sa. 2 zlo. 102) / 4. marubhUti kI mRtyu uparAMta sallakI vana meM hAthI utpanna hone kA ullekha bhI sabhI meM hai| kiMtu vAdirAja sUri ke grantha meM vizeSarUpa se usa hAthI ke mAtA pitA kA nAma varvarI aura pRthvIghoSa likhA hai (sa. 3 zlo' 38-39) / 5. rAjA araviMda ke muni ho jAne para unheM ekadA vaizya saMgha ke sAtha tIrthoM kI vandanA nimitta z2Ate hue aura sallakI vana meM zazigupta Adi zrAvakoM ko upadeza dete isa grantha meM likhA hai (sa. 3 zlo. 61-65), kintu sakalakIrti (2/16-17), guNabhadra (73/14), candrakIrti (24/2) ke granthoM meM unheM saMgha sahita zrI sammeda zikhara jI kI yAtrA ke liye jAte likhA hai| uttarapurANa (73/24), sakala kIrti ke pArzvacarita (2/53) meM vajra ghoSa gajarAja ke sahasrAra svarga meM svayaMprabha deva hote likhA hai, . kintu vAdirAja sUri ne use mahAzukra svarga meM zaziprabha deva likhA hai (3/108) / 7. inhoMne lokottamapura ke rAjA kA nAma vidyudvega aura usake putra kA nAma razmivega likhA hai (4/27), kintu uttarapurANa (73/24-25), sakalakIrti (2/10), caMdrakIrti (3/140) aura bhUdharadAsa (2/69-71) ne. rAjA kA nAma vidyuta gati aura putra kA nAma agnivega batAyA hai| candrakIrti ne pitA kI AjJAnusAra agnivega kA kisI vidyAdhara se saMgrAma kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai (5/4) / 8.. vAdirAja sUri ke graMtha meM vijayA rAnI ke sabako vijaya karane vAlA dohalA hote likhA hai (4/12-14) / kintu uttarapurANa meM na to dohalA hai aura na svapnoM kA ullekha hai (73/31-32), kintu zeSa sabhI meM svapna dekhane kA ullekha hai|

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216 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 9. vAdirAja ke graMtha meM vajranAbhi cakravartI ko sUkhA vRkSa dekhakara virakta hote aura kSemaMkara muni ke pAsa jAte likhA hai (8/72-73) kintu uttara purANa (73-34), sakalakIrti (5/3), caMdrakIrti (5/2-4) aura bhUdhara dAsa (3/74) ne unako kSemaMkara muni kA upadeza sunakara virakta hote batalAyA hai| 10. Age sakalakIrti (5/94), caMdrakIrti (5/88-90) aura bhUdharadAsa (3/107) ne vajranAbhi muni ko vana meM rahate hue kuraMga bhIla dvArA upasargIkRta hote likhA hai| kintu pArzvacarita (8/80) meM unake sthAna para vipulAcala parvata batAyA hai aura uttarapurANa meM (73/38) vana aura parvata kisI kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| . . 11. vAdirAja sUri rAjA Ananda ko jinayajJa karate aura muni Agamana : haA batalAte haiM / (9/1-3) / unhoMne maMtrI kI preraNA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai aura na munivara kA nAma batalAyA hai| kiMtu uttara purANa (73/44-45), sakalakIrti (7/39-41), candrakIrti (6/45-50) aura bhUdharadAsa (4/18-24) ne svAmIhita maMtrI kI preraNA se Ananda rAjA ko jinayajJa racate aura vipulamatI munirAja ko Ate likhA hai| kintu uttara purANa (73/58-60), sakalakIrti aura bhUdharadAsa (4/60) ne rAjA Ananda ke samaya se sUrya pUjA kA pracAra huA likhA hai| kiMtu vAdirAja (saM 9) aura caMdrakIrti ke carita (6/81-88) meM aisA koI ullekha nahIM hai| 12. vAdirAja ne rAjA Ananda ko sapheda bAla dekhakara nidhigupta munirAja ke samIpa dIkSA lete likhA hai (9/34-38) kiMtu caMdrakIrti ne yadyapi sapheda bAla kI bAta likhI hai kintu muni kA nAma sAgaradatta likhA hai ( 6/13-124) / vahIM sakalakIrti ne muni kA nAma samudradatta batalAyA hai (8/26) jo uttarapurANa meM bhI hai (73/61) / bhUdharadAsa ne sAgaradatta likhA hai|

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217 prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 13. vAdirAja sUrI ne bhagavAn ke pitA kA nAma vizvasena (9/65) aura * mAtA brahmadattA (9/78) kahA hai; kiMtu kula vaMza kA ullekha nahIM hai| uttarapurANa meM rAjA-rAnI kA nAma vizvasena aura brahmA devI (73/74) likhA hai, tathA unakA vaMza ugra (73/95) aura gotra kAzyapa (73/74) batalAyA hai| sakalakIrti, caMdrakIrti aura bhUdharadAsa ne qAzyapa gotra aura vaMza ikSvAk likhA hai| rAjA kA nAma vizvasena batalAyA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne unheM azvasena batalAyA hai (5/60) / harivaMzapurANa meM bhI yahI nAma hai (pR. 567) / sakalakIrti, rAnI kA nAma brAhmI (10/41) aura candrakIrti, brahmA (8/51) batalAte haiN| harivazapurANa meM unakA nAma varmA hai (pR. 567) / bhUdharadAsa unheM vAmA devI likhate hai| (5/71) 14. pArvAbhyudaya kAvya meM unakA ugra vaMza likhA hai (zlo. 2) kiMtu AdipurANa (a. 16) meM AdivaMza ikSvAk se hI zeSa vaMzoM kI utpatti likhI hai| .. 15. vAdirAja ne bhagavAn kI garbha tithi nahIM dI hai| zeSa sabhI graMthoM meM vaizAkha kRSNa dvitIyA, vizAkhA nakSatra (nizAtyaye) likhI hai| 16. vAdirAz2a sUri janmAdi kisI bhI tithi kA ullekha nahIM karate haiM, kiMtu - .aura sabhI grantha unakA ullekha karate haiN| . 17. vAdirAja sUri ke graMtha meM bhagavAn ne ATha varSa kI avasthA meM aNuvrata . . dhAraNa kiye the' ullekha nahIM hai| aisA uttarapurANa aura harivaMzapurANa * meM bhI nahIM hai| 18. vAdirAja ne bhagavAn ke pitA dvArA unase vivAha karane ke liye ... anurodha kiyA thA, usakA ullekha mahIpAla sAdhu se milane ke bAda kiyA hai aura usase hI unheM vairAgya kI prApti hote dikhAyA hai (19/1-14) parantu usameM ayodhyA ke rAjA jayasena dvArA bheMTa bhejane .. kA ullekha nahIM hai| uttara purANa meM (73/120) jayasena kA

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218 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ullekha hai, parantu usameM bhI rAjA vizvasena kA bhagavAn se vivAha karane ke lie kahane kA ullekha nahIM hai| zeSa harivaMza purANa ko chor3akara saba granthoM meM yaha ullekha hai| 19. vAdirAja sUri ke caritra meM jyotiSI deva kA nAma bhUtAnaMda aura zeSa graMthoM meM zambara hai| isa graMtha meM bhagavAn ke dIkSA vRkSa kA bhI nAma nahIM likhA hai| harivaMza purANa meM usakA nAma dhaMva hai| (pR. 5.67) / sakalakIrti aura bhUdharadAsa ne use bar3a kA per3a kahA hai| uttarapurANa aura candrakIrti ne kevala zilA kA ullekha kiyA hai. (caMdrakAMta shilaatke)| harivaMza meM dIkSAvana azvavana ke sthAna para manorama vana 20. tIna sau rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSita honA bhI vAdirAja aura guNabhadrAcArya ne nahIM likhA hai| zeSa sabhI ne likhA hai| jinasenAcArya ne unakI saMkhyA 606 batalAI hai (875-76) / . 21. pArzvanAtha pAraNa ke lie gulmakheTapura meM gae theN| yaha bAta uttarapurANa (73/132), vAdirAja sUri carita (11/45), sakalakIrti purANa, caMdrakIrti carita (12/10) aura bhUdharadAsa, (8/3) ne svIkAra kI hai| kiMtu harivaMza purANa meM yaha kAmyAkRta nagara batAyA gayA hai (pR. 569) / 22. dAtAra kA nAma sakalakIrti aura bhUdharadAsa ne brahmadatta likhA hai; kiMtu vAdirAja ne dharmodaya (11/4), guNabhadrAcArya (73/133), jinasenAcArya (pR. 169) aura candrakIrti (12/13) ne dhanya rAjA likhA hai| 23. kevalajJAna kI tithi anya graMthoM meM caitra kRSNA caturdazI likhI hai; parantu harivaMzapurANa meM caitra badI cautha kI dopahara ke pUrva kevalajJAna huA likhA hai (pR. 569) / 24. uttarapurANa , sakalakIrti kRta purANa, caMdrakIrti kRta carita aura bhUdharadAsa graMthita purANa meM 16000 sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA nimna prakAra hai:

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 219 (1)10 gaNadhara (2) 350 pUrvadhArI (3) 10900 zikSaka sAdhu (4) 1400 avadhijJAnI (5) 1000 kevalajJAnI (6) 1000 vikriyA dhArI (7) 750 mana:paryaya jJAnI ( 8 ) 600 vAdI harivaMza purANa meM uparokta saMkhyAeM nimna prakAra haiM:. (1) 10 gaNadhara (2) 350 pUrvadhArI (3) 10900 zikSaka (4) 1400 avadhijJAnI (5) 1000 kevala jJAnI (6) 1000 vikriyA dhArI (7) 750 vipulamatI (8) 600 vAdI vAdirAjasUMri ne yaha saMkhyAyeM nahIM dI haiM / 25: harivaMzapurANa meM AryikA 38000, zrAvaka 100000 aura zrAvikAeM 300000 likhI haiN| bhUdharadAsa ne AryikA saMkhyA 26000 aura zeSa ne 36000 batalAI hai| 26. uttarapurANa, saMkalakIrti, caMdrakIrti aura bhUdharadAsa ne bhagavAn ko mokSa lAbha pratimAyoga se prAta:kAla likhA hai, kintu harivaMzapurANa meM kAyotsarga rUpa se sAMyaMkAla ko huA batalAyA hai / 27. bhUdharadAsa 36 munIzvaroM ke sAtha mokSa gae batalAte haiM jinasenAcArya 536, harivaMzapurANa kula 60200 ziSyoM ko mokSa bhayA batalAte hue * unake bAda 3 kevalajJAniyoM kA mokSa batalAte haiM / uparyukta kA samanvaya kaI prakaraNoM meM tiloyapaNNattI evaM trilokasAra dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai / uparyukta antara koI vizeSa pratIta nahIM hotA hai, kintuM zvetAmbara zAstroM meM paraspara vizeSa antara hai| vaha nimna prakAra hai: 1. kalpa sUtra (149-169) meM vivAha ke atirikta bhagavAn ke pUrva bhavoM kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai / usameM kamaTha aura nAgarAja 'dharaNa' kA bhI ullekha kahIM nahIM hai| zeSa mAtA, pitA, janma, nagara, Ayu Adi meM anya caritroM meM samAnatA hai / kintu bhavadeva sUri ke caritra aura kalpasUtra meM jo unake ziSyoM kA varNana diyA hai usameM vizeSa antara hai (1350-1360) /

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220 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 2. kalpasUtra bhAvadevasUri gaNa 8 gaNadhara 10 : Aryadatta, AryaghoSa, vaziSTha, brahmanAyaka soma, zrIdhara, vAriSeNa, bhadrayazas, jaya, vijaya. gaNadhara 8 Arya ghoSa, zubha, vaziSTha, brahmacAriNa, saumya, zrIdhara vIrabhadra, yazasa 3. kalpasUtra meM Aryadatta kI saMrakSatA meM 16000 zramaNa, puSpakalA AryikA kI pramukhatA meM 38000 AryikAeM, 16400 zrAvaka aura 327000 zrAvikAeM likhI haiN| bhAvadeva sUri ke graMtha meM yaha saMkhyA isa rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| 4. zatruJjaya mAhAtmya (14/1-97) meM bhI pUrva bhavoM kA varNana nahIM hai| usameM prANata kalpa se bhagavAn kA caritra prArambha kiyA gayA hai| isameM kamaTha kI zatrutA kA ullekha saMkSipta hai (14-42; dazabhavArati : kaThAsura :) / vivAha kA ullekha isameM bhI hai; kintu isameM pArzvanAtha kI patnI prabhAvatI ko prasenajita ke sthAna para naravarmana kI putrI likhA hai| prasenajita naravarmana kA putra hai| bhAvadeva sUri ne prabhAvatI ko prasenajita kI putrI likhA hai (5/145) / kintu bauddhAdi graMthoM se prakaTa hai ki prasenajita bhagavAn buddha ke samakAlIna the| (Kshatriya Clans in Buddhist India, pp. 128-129) / bAda ke graMthoM meM pUrva bhava kA varNana saMbhavata: digambara sampradAya ke graMthoM ke AdhAra para vibhinna DhaMgoM se likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai| aba hama digambara aura zvetAmbara zAstroM meM paraspara tatsambaMdhI antara kA nirIkSaNa kreNge|

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 221 1. bhAvadeva sUrikRta pArzvacarita meM, pahale marubhUti bhava meM vizvabhUti ke sAdhu ko svargavAsI hone para kamaTha aura marubhUti ko vizeSa zoka karate aura harizcandra nAmaka sAdhu se pratibodhita hone kA jo ullekha kiyA hai vaha digambara zAstroM meM nahIM hai| 2. unhoMne marubhUti kI strI vasundharA ko kAma se jarjarita aura kamaTha ke sAtha usake gupta prema ko marubhUti kA bheSa badalakara jAna lene tathA rAjA se use daMDita karAne, ityAdi bAteM kahI haiM jo digambara zAstroM meM nahIM haiN| 3. digambara zAstroM meM rAjA. aravinda aura marubhUti ke eka saMgrAma para jAne kA vizeSa ullekha hai| rAjA aravinda ke muni ho jAne para zvetAmbarAcArya inheM sAgaradatta zreSThI Adi ko jaina dharmI banAte aura unake sAtha jAte huye hAthI kA unapara AkramaNa karate likhate haiN| para digambara zAstra tIrtha yAtrA para jAne kA ullekha karate haiN| 4. digambara zAstra agnivega kA janma sthAna puSkalAvatI deza kA . lokottarapura nagara aura usakI mAtA kA nAma vidyutmAlA batalAte haiM, kintu zvetAmbara zAstra meM tilakAnagara aura tilakAvatI athavA .. kanakatilakA mAtA batalAI gaI haiN| inameM agni vega kA nAma * kiraNavega hai| vaha apane putra himagiri ko rAjya de muni huA, aisA - digambara zAstra kahate haiN| zvetAmbara ke anusAra usake putra kA nAma kiraNatejasa thA aura vaha muni ho vaitADhya parvata para eka mUrti ke sahAre 'tapasyA karatA rhaa| . 5. zvetAmbara zAstra vajranAbhi ko janma se mithyAtvI aura sAdhu lokacandra dvArA samyakatva lAbha karate batalAte haiN| vaha usake putra kA nAma zakrAyudha kahate haiN| digambara zAstra janma se hI jainI batalAte aura . usake putra ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM karate haiN| zvetAmbara, vajranAbhi kA janmasthAna zubhaMkarA nagarI batalAte aura unakI mAtA kA nAma lakSmIvatI aura strI vijayA batalAte haiN|

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222 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha digambara zAstroM meM janma sthAna apara videha ke padmadeza kA azvapura aura unakI mAtA va pAlI ke nAma kramaza: vijayA aura zubhadrA batalAte haiN| 7. zvetAmbara zAstra kuraMgaka bhIla ko jvalana parvata meM rahate batalAte haiN| digambara zAstroM meM jvalana parvata kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| vajranAbhi kI kuraMgabhIla dvArA mRtyu huI batalAkara zvetAmbara anuzruti use lalitAMga svarga meM deva hote aura vahAM se cayaMkara surapura ke rAjA vajrabAhu kI patnI sudarzanA ke garbha meM Ate likhate haiN| inakI kokha se janma pAkara vaha use svargabAhu nAmaka cakravartI rAjA hote likhate haiM, kintu digambara zAstroM meM vajranAbhi ko cakravartI batalAyA gayA hai| digambara zAstrAnusAra marubhUti kA jIva madhyama graiveyika se cayakara Ananda nAmaka mahAmaNDalIka rAjA huaa| zvetAmbara zAstra yaha atirikta kahate haiM ki usakA nAma svarNabAhUM thA jisane padmA haraNa kara zaMkutalA nATaka jaisA. pariNaya kiyA thaa| isake sthAna para digambara zAstra Ananda rAjA ko pUjA karate aura unake sUryavimAnastha maMdiroM kI pUjA karane se 'sUrya pUjA' kA prAraMbha mAnate haiN| 10. digambara zAstrAnusAra Ananda ke mumi hone para kamaTha ke jIva siMha ne unakI jIvana lIlA samApta kara dI thI jisase vaha Anata svarga meM deva hue| zvetAmbarAnusAra svarNabAhu ke muni hone aura siMha dvArA mAre jAne ko svIkAra karate haiM kintu unheM mahAprabhA vimAna meM deva hote likhate haiN| 11. yahAM se cayakara yaha jIva ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA azvasena aura rAnI vAmA ke yahAM banArasa meM zrI pArzva nAmaka rAjakumAra hote haiM, yaha bAta donoM sampradAya svIkAra karate haiN| kintu zvetAmbara zAstra meM zrI pArzva nAma par3ane kA kAraNa yaha batalAte haiM ki unakI mAtA ne apane (pAMva) meM eka sarpa ko dekhA thA, jo digambara zAstroM ke kathana se pratikUla hai -

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 223 unake anusAra indra ne bhagavAn kA camakatA huA pArzva nataM ddha 'dekhakara unakA nAma pArzva rakhA thaa| 12. digambara zAstra unake vivAha kI vArtA se sahamata nahIM hai| 13. zvetAmbara zAstra meM kamaTha ke jIva ko narka se nikAlakara rora nAmaka brAhmaNa kA kaTha nAmaka putra hote batalAyA hai, kintu digambara zAstra meM narka se nikalakara saMsAra meM kiMcit rulakara mahIpAlapura kA rAjA mahIpAla batalAyA hai, jo bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA isa bhava meM nAnA thaa| . 14. aMta meM donoM sampradAyoM ke zAstra kamaTha ke jIva ko paMcAgni tapatA huA sAdhu aura usase bhagavAn pArzva kA samAgama batalAte haiN| zvetAmbara zAstra sarpa ko pAtAla loka meM dhAraNa nAmaka rAjA aura kamaTha jIva ko. meghamAlina asura hotA likhate haiN| digambara zAstra sarpa ko dharaNendra aura kamaTha jIva ko zaMbara nAmaka jyotiSI deva huA batalAte haiN| 15. donoM pArzvanAtha ko 30 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA batalAte haiM kintu zvetAmbara mata meM dIkSA vRkSa azoka hai, digambara meM bar3a kA vRkSa / dIkSA - dene kA kAraNa bhI donoM meM bhinna hai| 16. digambara mata meM chadmAvasthA meM unheM mauna dhAraNa kiye batalAte haiM kiMtu zvetAmbara mata meM AcArAMga sUtra se bAdhita unheM bhAvadeva sUri ne * upadeza dete likhA hai| 17. tatpazcAt zvetAmbara mata asura dvArA bhagavAn para upasarga huA batalAte haiM jo aMta meM unakI zaraNa meM AyA kahate haiN| kintu digambara zAstra use samozaraNa meM samyaktva kI prApti batalAte haiN| upasarga hone ke bAda zvetAmbara unheM kAzI pahuMcanA batalAte haiM jaba ki digambara yaha ghaTanA svayaM kAzI meM huI batalAte haiN|

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24 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 18. mokSa pAne para zvetAmbara matAnusAra nirvANasthalapara devendra dvArA ratna-jaTita stUpa banAyA gayA thaa| aisA koI ullekha digambara jaina zAstroM meM nahIM hai| 19. kalpasUtra meM garbha tithi caitra kRSNA 4 samaya ardharAtri hai| digambara zAstra meM yaha vaizAkha kRSNa 2 samaya ardha rAtri hai| janma tithi bhI kramaza: pauSa kRSNa 10 aura pauSakRSNa 11 hai| ... 20. pAlakI ke nAma kramaza: kalpasUtra meM vizAlA' aura digambara zAstra meM 'vimalA' hai| . 21. dIkSA samaya - digambara zAstra bhagavAn ko digambara muni huA batalAte haiM, kintu zvetAmbara zAstra unheM deva dUSya vastra dhAraNa karate hue likhate haiM jo unakI sarvocca dazA meM nagnatA honI caahie| vaidika kAla ke. jaina yati yA jyeSTha vrAtya nagna hote the| 22. digambara zAstra bhagavAn kI chadmavasthA 4 mAsa aura kevalajJAna prApti kI tithi caitrakRSNa 14 kahate haiN| zvetAmbara yaha avadhi 83 dina aura ukta tithi caitrakRSNa 4 kahate haiN| 23. digambarAnusAra bhagavAn 1. mAha kA yogasAdhana kara zrAvaNa sudi 7 ko 36 munIzvaroM sahita mukta hue the| kalpasUtra meM unheM zrAvaNa zukla 8 ko 83 vyaktiyoM sahita nirvANa pada pAte likhA hai| ityAdi rUpa uparokta antara betAla paMca vizaMtikA meM bhI dRSTigata hai| jaisI do jIvoM ke daza bhavoM taka zatrutA calI AI, aisI aneka kathAeM bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha haiM yathA brahmadatta kathA meM citta aura sambhUta kI kthaa| santakumAra kI kathA (kathAkoSa) bhI isI prakAra kI hai| isI prakAra pradyumnasUri kI samarAditya kathA meM rAjakumAra guNasena aura brAhmaNa agnizarmA kI paraspara zatrutA digdarzita kI gayI hai| bauddhoM ke dhamma pada (291) meM bhI aisI hI kathA hai| kathAkoSa meM aisI zatrutA do brAhmaNa bhAI ke madhya pAMca bhavoM taka AI hai| vastuta: zrI pArzvanAtha se se bar3hakara koI

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 225 sAdhu, kamaTha se bar3hakara koI khala dikhalAI nahIM detA hai (pArvAbhyudaya kAvya 17) / ___ yathArthata: pArzvanAtha kA yuga IsA pUrva nauvI zatAbdI aitihAsika yuga kA prArambha mAnA jAne lagA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke kAlataka vaidika Arya videha taka hI bar3ha sake the| dakSiNa bihAra evaM baMgAla meM brAhmaNa dharma kA prasAra IsvI san kI tIsarI sadI ke madhya taka ho sakA thaa| isa prakAra pUrvIya bhArata meM apanI saMskRti ko phailAne meM vaidika AryoM ko lagabhaga 1000 varSa lge| (Annals of the Bhandarkar Research Institute, Poona, Vol. 12, p. 113) / kosala aura videha ke sAtha kAzI ko prAdhAnya bhI uttara vaidika kAla meM milaa| atharvaveda meM prathama bAra kAzI kA nirdeza milatA hai| kAzI ke rAjA dhRtarASTra ko zatAnIka sahasrAjita ne harAyA thaa| vaha azvamedha yajJa karanA cAhatA thA kiMtu zatAnIka ne use harA diyaa| phalasvarUpa kAzIvAsiyoM ne yajJa karanA hI chor3a diyA (Political History of Ancient India, by Ray Chaudhary, p. 62) / kAzI ke bharatavaMza kA sthAna brahmadatta vaMza ne liyA thaa| saMbhavata: yahAM se ugra vaMza kA prAraMbha ho| vRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (gItA presa, gorakhapura, 3-8-2) meM gArgI yAjJavalkya se do prazna karane kI anujJA lete hue kahatI hai| "yathA kAzyo vA vaideho vograputra ujjayaM dhanuradhijyaM kRtvA dvo bANa vantau sapatnAti vyAdhibhau haste kRtvo mottiSThadeva-mevAhaM tvA dvAbhyAM praznAbhyAmupodasthAm" arthAt "yAjJavalkya! jisa prakAra kAzI yA videha kA rahane vAlA koI ugraputra pratyaJcAhIna dhanuSa para pratyaMcA car3hA kara zatru ko atyanta pIr3A dene vAle do phalavAle bANa hAtha meM lekara khar3A hotA hai, usI prakAra maiM do prazna lekara tumhAre sAmane upasthita hotI huuN|" .. digambara jaina sAhitya ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ugravaMzI the| jaina mAnyatAnusAra RSabha deva ne vaMzoM kI sthApanA kI thI ata: unake ikSvAkuvaMza kI eka zAkhA ugra vaMza honA pratIta hotA hai| sUtra kRtAMga meM ugroM, bhogoM, aikSvAkoM aura kauravoM ko jJAtRvaMzI aura licchaviyoM se sambaddha batalAyA gayA hai (tiloyapaNNattI, a. 4, gAH 550) / gArgI ke uparokta

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226 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kathana se kAzI ke ugroM aura videha ke licchaviyoM kI ekatA kA samarthana hotA hai| jJAtRvaMziyoM se bhI inakI ekatA rahI ( dekhiye Political History of Ancient India, Vol. 12, p. 99). bauddha jAtakoM meM jo rAjAoM kA kathana AyA hai unameM eka vissasena bhI hai| DA. bhaNDArakara ne purANoM ke vizvakasena aura jAtakoM ke vissasena ko eka ThaharAyA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma azvasena yA assaseNa batalAyA hai. jo na to jAtakoM meM, na hindU purANoM meM upalabdha hai| pArzvanAtha pUjana (vigata zatAbdI) meM yaha nAma vissasena diyA hai / " tahAM vissasena narendra udAra" | itanA parivartana sAMketika hai 1 1 itihAsa meM nAga jAti prasiddha hai / vaidika Arya nAgoM ke bairI the| nAga jAti asuroM kI eka zAkhA thI jo unakI rIr3ha ke tulya thI / nAgapura meM unake bhagnAvazeSa prApya haiN| nAgoM kA rAjA takSaka nagna zramaNa ho gayA thaa| jaba nAga loga gaMgA kI ghATI meM basate the to eka nAga rAjA ke sAtha vArANasI kI rAjakumArI kA vivAha huA thA (Glimpses of Political History, R.L. Mehta, p. 65 ) / ata: vArANasI ke rAja gharAne ke sAtha nAgoM kA kauTumbika sambaMdha bhI thA / gaMgA kI ghATI meM hI (ahikSetra) tapa karate hue pArzvanAtha kI upasarga se rakSA nAgoM ke adhipati ne kI thii| ata: zatapatha brAhmaNa aura bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada pArzvanAtha ke samakAlIna pratIta hote haiN| jinameM prathama bAra tApasoM aura zramaNoM ke nAma mAtra milate haiM (4-3-12) / yAjJavalkya janaka se AtmA kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahate haiM ki isa suSuptAvasthA meM zramaNa azramaNa aura tApasa atApasa ho jAte haiN| vaidika Arya yajJoM ke premI the| yajJa kA uddezya sAMsArika sukhoM kI prApti evaM vRddhi thaa| vedoM ke maMtrayuga ke pazcAt brAhmaNayuga AyA jisameM purohitoM kI zakti bahuta bddh'ii| isake pazcAt upaniSadoM meM hI punarjanma aura karma phalavAda kA vivaraNa milatA hai| paM. kailAzacanda siddhAnta zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (pUrva pIThikA, dvitIya saM. 1986, zrI gaNeza vaNI saMsthAna, vArANasI) pR. 106 para likhate haiM:

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 227 "usa yuga meM AtmA aura brahma kI jijJAsA purohita varga meM kitanI balavatI thI yaha pIche upaniSadoM ke kucha upAkhyAnoM ke dvArA batalAyA gayA hai| isI yuga ke Arambha meM kAzI meM pArzvanAtha ne janma lekara bhoga kA mArga chor3a yoga kA mArga apanAyA thaa| usa samaya vaidika Arya bhI tapa ke mahattva ko mAnane lage the| kintu apane pradhAna karma agnihotra ko chor3ane meM asamartha the| ata: unhoMne tapa aura agni ko saMyukta karake paJcAgni tapa ko aMgIkAra kara liyA thA / aise tApasiyoM se hI pArzvanAtha kI bheMTa gaMgA ke taTa para huI thii|" tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma pArzvanAtha usa zramaNa paramparA ke anuyAyI the jisakA nirdeza vRhadAyaka upaniSada meM pAte haiM / vAlmiki rAmAyaNa meM bhI unakA saMketa haiN| jaina sAhitya meM pAMca prakAra ke zramaNa kahe gaye haiM - nirgrantha, zAkya, tApasa, gauruka aura aajiivk| jaina sAdhuoM ko nirgrantha zramaNa kahate haiN| bauddha tripiTikoM meM mahAvIra ko nigaMTha nATaputta (nirgrantha jJAta putra ) kahA hai aura nirgrantha zabda kA bahudhA upayoga huA hai / isa AdhAra se yAkobI ne pramANita kiyA ki buddha se pUrva nirgrantha sampradAya vartamAna thA / aMguttara nikAya meM vappa nAmaka zAkya ko nirgrantha kA zrAvaka batalAyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha ne 'cAturyAma' kA yaha upadeza diyA thA (zvetAmbara TIkAkAroM ne inhIM ko yAma kaMhA hai - yama kA artha hai damana karanA / digambara paramparA meM anya - artha hai). 1. sarva prakAra ke prANaghAta kA tyAga 2. sarva prakAra ke asatya vacana kA tyAga 3. sarva prakAra ke adattAdAna (binA dI huI vastu kA grahaNa) kA tyAga 4. sarva prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga nizcita hI ina cAra prakAra ke damana kA srota tapasvI muniyoM kI paramparA rahA hogaa| yaha saMsthApanA eka maulika evaM aitihAsika tathya thI /

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228 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha unhoMne muni, AryikA, zrAvaka, zrAvikA ke bheda se caturvidha saMgha kI bhI sthApanA kii| svabhAvata: usa samaya kI paristhiti meM sAmAnya janatA ko yaha ahiMsA priya lagI hogI, kyoM ki rAjA tathA sampanna brAhmaNa purohita varga janatA se khetI ke jAnavaroM ko jabaradastI chIna kara yajJa yAgoM meM usakA vadha kara dete the| (pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma, bambaI, pR. 15-16) . ___ AcArya sakalakIrti evaM eka anya AcArya ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke vihAra saMbaMdhI dezoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - kurU, kauzala; kAzI, avaMtI, puMDU, mAlavA, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, paMcAla, magadha, vidarbha, bhadra, darzArNa, karnATaka, kauMkana, medapAda (mevAr3a), lATa, drAvir3a, kAzmIra, magadha, kaccha, vidarbha, zAka, pallava, vatsa ityAdi (17-23; 76-85) / ina para vizeSa bivaraNa kAmatA prasAda ne diyA hai| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA dharmopadeza dravya, kSetra kAla bhAva ke anusAra mokSamArgI tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna (trikAlaM evaM triloka meM samAna rUpa se) rahA hogaa| SaT dravya, sAta tatva aura nau padArthoM kA nirUpaNa sadaiva ekasA hI hogaa| vaTTakerAcArya ne sAmAyika kA varNana karate hue spaSTata: kahA hai : vAvIsaM titthayarA sAmAiyaM saMjama uvdisNti| chedovaTThAvaNiyaM puNabhayavaM usaho ya vIro ya / / 7-32 / / (mUlAcAra) arthAt "ajita se lekara pArzvanAtha paryaMta bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne sAmAyika saMyama kA aura RSabhadeva tathA mahAvIra bhagavAn ne 'chedopasthApanA' saMyama kA upadeza diyA hai|" paM. jugala kizora ke anusAra "ca" kAra se parihAravizuddhi Adi cAritra kA bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vidhAyaka krama meM bheda kA kAraNa, chedopasthApanA kA sthApana ati saralatA aura ati vakratA ke lie Avazyaka thA (mUlAcAra 7-33-34) / zrImad bhaTTAkalaMka ne isa viSaya para vizeSa tatvArtharAjavArtika meM diyA hai| AcArya vaTaTakera ne batalAyA hai ki pahale aura aMtima tIrthaMkara kA dharma aparAdha hone aura na hone kI apekSA na karake pratikramaNa sahita pravartatA hai, para madhya ke

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 229 22 tIrthaMkaroM kA dharma aparAdha ke hone para hI pratikramaNa kA vidhAna karatA hai| kAraNa ki unake samaya meM aparAdha kI bAhulyatA nahIM hotii| kAraNa ki 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSya vismaraNazIlatA rahita, dRr3ha buddhi, sthira citta aura mUr3hatA rahita parIkSA pUrvaka karane vAle hote haiM (vahI 7-125-7-129) Adi aura aMta ke Rjujar3a aura vakrajar3a samajhanA caahiye| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM aisA hI varNana uttarAdhyayana satra meM "kezI aura gautama" ke samvAda rUpa meM milatA hai| (22-27) kezI ne gautama se pUchA thA ki kyA kAraNa hai ki donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke dharma eka hI uddezya ke lie hai taba eka meM cAra vrata aura anya meM pAMca kyoM batalAe gaye haiN| kezI, pArzvanAtha kI ziSya paramparA meM eka AcArya haiN| yahAM pAMca mahAvrata rUpa liyA hai yadyapi zvetAmbara mUlasUtra meM cAturyAma zabda kI kucha bhI vyavasthA nahIM kI gaI hai| uparAnta ke zvetAmbara TIkAkAra usakA bhAva ahiMsA, acaurya, satya aura aparigraha vratarUpa karate haiM jaisA Upara varNita kiyA gayA hai| isa zabda kA bhAva mUla rUpa meM isI rUpa thA, isa bAta ko prakaTa karane ke lie zvetAmbaroM ke pAsa koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| bauddha zAstra meM ginAye gaye cAra prakAra kA dharma samantabhadrAcArya ke nimna zloka se sAmaMjasya rakhatA hai| .. viSayAzAvazAtIto niraarmbho'prigrh| jJAna dhyAna taporakRstapasvI sa prazasyate / / 10 / / ___ ata: cAturyAma kA rUpa samantabhadrAcArya ne "viSayoM kI AzA aura AkAMkSA se rahita, nirArambha, aparigrahI, jJAnadhyAnamaya tapasvI" rUpa prarUpita kiyA hai| vaha bauddhoM ke cAra prakAra ke dharma se mela khAtA hai| ata: brahmacarya kI AvazyakatA pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM bhI thI, tadanusAra zvetAmbara sUtra kA artha uparokta digambarI honA caahie| ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne bauddha zAstroM se lekara apane sUtra kA vaha artha le liyA ho|

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230 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha - puna: kezI zramaNa uttarAdhyayana meM gautama gaNadhara se yaha (28-32) pUchate batalAe gaye haiM ki, "varddhamAna svAmI ke dharma meM vastra pahinanA manA hai aura pArzvanAtha ke dharma meM Abhyantara aura bahira vastra dhAraNa karanA ucita hai| donoM hI dharma eka uddezya ko liye hue haiM phira yaha antara kaisA?" gautama gaNadhara ke isa uttara ne kyA kezI ko samAdhAnita kara diyA hogA? "apane utkRSTa jJAna se viSaya ko nirdhArita karate hue tIrthaMkaroM ne jo ucita samajhA so niyata kiyaa| dhArmika puruSoM ke vividha bAhya cinha unako vaisA samajhane ke liye batAe gaye haiN| lakSaNamaya cinhoM kA uddezya unakI dhArmika jIvana meM upayogitA hai aura unake svarUpa ko prakaTa karanA hai| aba tIrthaMkaroM kA kathana hai ki samyak jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hI mokSa ke kAraNa haiM (na ki bAhya cinh)|" vastuta: bhArata meM pArzvanAtha ke yuga meM bhI lipi kA abhAva hone se zruta hI rahA hogA jisase brAhmI lipi (evaM sundarI lipi) ke AviSkAra hone taka kA aitihAsika itivRtta gambhIra kohare se Acchanna hai| hamane karma siddhAnta ke gaNitIya saMdRSTi pUrNa vivaraNa se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki ina do lipiyoM kA AviSkAra AcArya bhadrabAhu evaM dIkSita samrATa candragupta maurya dvArA caturtha zatAbdI IsvI pUrva meM zramaNabelagola meM kiyA gayA hogaa| (dakhiye arhat vacana meM prakAzita vibhinna lekha 1(3), 7-15, 1989; 4.1, 1992, 13-20; 4.4, 1992, 12-21; 5.3, 1993, 155-171 aadi)| yadyapi buddha ne jo prAraMbha meM kaThora tapasvI jIvana bitAyA thA vaha 4 tapa rUpa thA : 1. tapasvitA (nagna rahanA, hAtha meM hI bhikSA bhojana karanA, keza dAr3hI ___ ke bAloM ko ukhAr3anA, kaMTakAsIna sthala para zayana krnaa)| 2. rukSatA (zarIra para maila dhAraNa karanA yA snAna na karanA) sva evaM para dvArA maila ko parimArjita na krnaa| 3. jugupsA (jala kI bUMda taka para dayA krnaa)| 4. pravivikRtA (vanoM meM akele rhnaa)|

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prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 231 tathApi unhoMne use nissAra mAna aSTAMgika mArga apanAyA jo samyak dRSTi, samyak saMkalpa, samyak vacana, samyak karmAnta, samyak AjIva, samyak vyAyAma, samyak smRti aura samyak samAdhi rUpa thA, jo pArzvanAtha ke cAra yAmoM ko pUrNa rUpa se svIkAra kara cukI thA (Kaushambi, Parsvanatha Caturyama, Bombay, pp. 24 et. seq.). __ata: yadi bhagavAn pArzvanAtha sarvajJa the to unake saMgha meM vahI jJAna rahA hogA jo dvAdazAMga vANI rUpa evaM pUrvo rUpa rahA hogaa| sAtha hI jo kaThinatama gaNitamaya karma siddhAnta tathA usake bhI pare jo jJAna thA vaha bhI unheM usI paramparA se pravAha rUpa meM, kevalajJAna ke pUrva, prApta huA hogA jo mahAvIra evaM gautama ko sAdhanA kAla meM prApta huA hogaa| usakA kucha aMza AcArya bhadrabAhu evaM dIkSita maurya samrATa candragupta dvArA SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAya prAbhRta, tiloyapaNNattI, vRhaddhArA parikarma, Adi ko lipibaddha kiyA gayA hogA, pratIta hotA hai| kyoM ki brAhmI lipi yA sundarI lipi athavA ghanAkSarI evaM hInAkSarI ke AviSkAra kA samaya vahI hai| isake pUrva koI bhI zilAlekha aprApya hai, tathA megAsthanIja bhI bhArata meM nirakSaratA kA ullekha karatA hai| vastuta: usa yuga meM sabhI bhAratIya sAhitya zruta, smRti rUpa calA A rahA thaa|

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AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) aura unakA 'pArzvAbhyudaya' kAvya - vidyAvAcaspati DaoN. zrIraMjanasUri deva* jaina kAvyoM kI mahanIya paramparA meM, AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) dvArA praNIta 'pArzvAbhyudaya' kAvya kI pAkteyatA sarvavidita hai| AcArya jinasena (dvitIya), AcArya nemicandra zAstrI kI aitihAsika kRti 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA' ( khaNDa 2 ) ke anusAra zrutadhara aura prabuddhAcAryoM ke bIca kI kar3I the| inakI gaNanA sArasvatAcAryoM meM hotI hai'| yaha apanI advitIya sArasvata pratibhAM aura apAra kalpanA-zakti kI mahimA se 'bhagavat jinasenAcArya' kahe jAte the / yaha mUlagranthoM ke sAtha hI TIkA granthoM ke bhI racayitA the / inake dvArA racita cAra grantha prasiddha haiM jayadhavalA TIkA kA zeSa bhAga, 'AdipurANa' yA 'mahApurANa', 'pArzvAbhyudaya' aura 'varddhamAna purANa' / inameM 'varddhamAna purANa', yA 'varddhamAna carita' upalabdha nahIM hai / 1 AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) IsA kI AThavIM - navIM zatI meM vartamAna the yaha kAvya, vyAkaraNa, nATaka, darzana, alaMkAra, AcArazAstra, karma siddhAnta prabhRti aneka viSayoM ke bahuzruta vidvAna the / yaha apane yogya guru ke yogyatama ziSya the| jaina siddhAnta ke prakhyAta grantha 'SaTkhaNDAgama' tathA 'kasAyapAhuDa' ke TIkAkAra AcArya vIrasena (san 792 se 823 I.) inake guru the kSullaka jinendra varNI dvArA sampAdita 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' meM bhI ullekha hai ki AcArya jinasena, dhavalA TIkA ke karttA zrI vIrasena svAmI ke ziSya tathA uttarapurANa ke karttA zrI guNabhadra ke guru the aura rASTrakUTa- nareza 1 * paTanA

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AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) aura unakA 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya 233 jayatuMga evaM nRpatuMga, aparanAma amoghavarSa (san 815 se 877 I.) ke samakAlIna the| rAjA amoghavarSa kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa meM usa samaya vidvAnoM kA acchA samAgama thaa| 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' ke sandarbhAnusAra AcArya jinasena Agarbha digambara the; kyoM ki inhoMne bacapana meM ATha varSa kI Ayu taka laMgoTI pahanI hI mahIM aura ATha varSa kI Ayu meM hI digambarI dIkSA le lii| inhoMne apane guru AcArya vIrasena kI, karmasiddhAnta-viSayaka grantha SaTkhaNDAgama' kI adhUrI 'jayadhavalA' TIkA ko, bhASA aura viSaya kI samAntara pratipAdana-zailI meM pUrA kiyA thA aura inake adhUre 'mahApurANa' yA 'AdipurANa' ko (kula 47 parva), jo 'mahAbhArata' se bhI bar3A hai, inake ziSya AcArya guNabhadra ne pUrA kiyA thaa| guNasena dvArA pUrA kiyA gayA aMza yA zeSAMza uttarapurANa nAma se prasiddha hai| paMcastUpasaMgha kI gurvAvali ke anusAra. vIrasena ke eka aura ziSya the -vinaya sen|| ___AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) ne darzana ke kSetra meM jaisI adbhuta pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai, vaisI hI apUrva manISA kAvya ke kSetra meM bhI pradarzita kI haiN| isa saMdarbha meM inakI aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika mahattva kI saMskRta kAvyakRti 'pArvAbhyudaya' ullekhanIya hai| prastuta kAvya ke antima do zlokoM se jJAta hotA hai ki uparyukta rASTrakUTavaMzIya naraMpati amoghavarSa ke zAsanakAla meM isa vilakSaNa kRti kI racanA huii| zloka isa prakAra haiN| iti viracitametatkAvyamAveSTaya meghaM bahuguNamapadoSaM kAlidAsasya kAvyam / malinitaparakAvyaM tiSThAtAdAzAzAGka : bhuvanamavatu deva: sarvadA'moghavarSaH / / zrIvIrasenamunipAdapayojabhuMga : zrImAnabhUdvinayasenamunirgarIyAn / taccoditena jinasenamunIzvareNa kAvyaM vyadhAyi pariveSTita meghadUtam / / ___ arthAt, prastuta 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya kAlidAsa kavi ke aneka guNoM se yukta nirdoSa kAvya 'meghadUta' ko AveSTita karake racA gayA hai| meghasandeza-viSayaka anya kAvya ko niSprabha karane vAlA yaha kAvya yAvaccandra. vidyamAna rhe| aura, rAjA amoghavarSa sadA jagadrakSaka bane rheN| yahAM deva:

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234 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha amoghavarSa' zabda megha kA vAcaka bhI hai| isa pakSa meM isakA artha hogA - saphalavRSTi karane vAlA megh'| ___ dUsare zloka kA artha hai - zrI vIrasena muni ke pada-paMkaja para maMDarAne vAle bhaMga-svarUpa zreSTha zrImAn vinayasena muni kI preraNA se munizreSTha jinasena ne 'meghadUta' ko pariveSTita karake isa 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya kI racanA kii| pUrvokta mahAmuni AcArya vIrasena, vinayasena aura jinasena nAmaka munipuMgavoM ke guru the| vinayasena kI prArthanA para hI AcArya jinasena ne kAlidAsa ke samraga 'meghadUta' ko samasyApUrti ke dvArA AveSTita kara pArvAbhyudaya kI racanA kii| cAra sargoM meM pallavita isa kAvya meM kula 364 (prathama:118; dvitIya: 118; tRtIya: 57; caturthaH 71) zloka haiN| isakA pratyeka zloka meghadUta' ke krama se, zlokaM ke caturthAMza yA arddhAza ko samasyA ke rUpa meM lekara pUrA kiyA gayA hai| samasyApUrti kA AveSTana tIna rUpoM meM rakhA gayA hai: 1. pAdaveSTita, 2. ardhaveSTita aura 3. antaritAveSTita / antaritAveSTita meM bhI ekAntarita aura dvayantarita ye do prakAra haiN| prathama 'pAdaveSTita' meM, caturtha caraNa meM meghadUta' ke kisI zloka kA koI eka caraNa rakhA gayA hai aura 'ardhavaSTita' meM kisI 'meghadata' ke kisI zloka ke do caraNoM kA viniyoga tRtIya-caturtha caraNoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| aura phira, 'antaritAveSTita' meM, 'meghadUta' ke zlokoM ko 'pArvAbhyudaya' ke jisa zloka meM prathama aura caturtha caraNa ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai, usakI saMjJA dvayantaritArdhavaSTita' hai tathA jisa zloka meM prathama aura tRtIya caraNa ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai, usakI saMjJA ekAntarita' hai| isa prakAra kI vyavasthA kA dhyAtavya vaiziSTaya yaha hai ki 'meghadUta' ke uddhata caraNoM ke pracalita artha ko vidvAna kavi AcArya jinasena ne apane svatantra kathAnaka ke prasaMga se jor3ane meM vismayakArI vilakSaNatA kA paricaya diyA hai|

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235 AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) aura unakA 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya yahA~ samasyA-pUrti ke ukta prakAroM kA eka-eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai| pAdaveSTita . zrImanmUrtyA marakatamayastambhalakSmI vahantyA yogaikAgrayastimitatarayA tasthivAMsaM niddhyau| pArzva daityo nabhasi viharanbaddhavaireNa dagdha: kazcitkAntAvirahaguruNA svAdhikArAtpramataH / / (sarga 1: zloka 1) ardhaveSTita ramyotsaMge zikharanipatannirjharArAvahRdye paryArUMDhadrumaparigatopatyake tatra shaile| vizrAnta: sanvraja vamanadItIrajAmAM niSiJcannu dyAnAnAM navajalakaNairvRthikAjAlakAni / / (sarga 1 : zlo. 101) ekAntaritAveSTita . . utsaMge vA malinavasane saumya nikSipyavINAM gADhotkaNThaM karuNavirutaM vipralApAyabhAnam / madRgotrAMka viracitapadaM geyamudgAtukAmA .. tvAmuddizya pracaladalakaM mUrcchanAM bhaavyntii|| (sarga 3 : zlo. 38) dvayantaritArdharveSTita Aloke te nipatati purA sA balivyAkulAvA tvatsamprAptyai vihitaniyamAndevatAbhyobhajanta: / buddhayArUDhaM ciraparicitaM tvadagataM jJAtapUrva mAtsAdRzyaM virahatanu vA bhAvegamyaM likhntii|| (sarga 3: zlo. 36)

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236 dvayantaritArdhaveSTita kA dvitIya prakAra antastApaM prapizunayatA svakavoSNena bhUyo niHzvAsenAdhara kisalayaklezinA vikSipatnI / zuddhasnAnAtparuSamalakaM nUnamAgaNDalambaM vizliSTaM vA hariNacaritaM lAJchanaM tanmukhendoH / / ekAntaritAveSTita kA dvitIya prakAra isa zloka ke dvitIya-tRtIya caraNoM meM 'meghadUta' ke zloka ke dvitIya tRtIya caraNoM kA vinyAsa huA hai / tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (sarga 3 : zloka 46 ) citranyastAmiva savapuSaM manmathamAvasthA mAdhikSamAM virahazayane sanniSaNNaika paaNvm| tApApAstyai hRdayAnihitAM hArayaSTiM dadhAnAM prAcImUle tanumiva kalAmAtrazeSAM himAMzoH / / (sarga 3 : zlo. 44 ) pAdaveSTita kA dvitIya prakAra isa zloka ke dvitIya-caturtha caraNoM meM 'meghadUta' ke zloka ke dvitIya - caturtha caraNoM kA viniyoga huA hai / mAmAkAzapraNihita bhujaM nirdayAzleSaheto runtiSThAsuM tvadupagamana pratyayAtsvapnajAtAtM / sakhyo dRSTvA sakaruNamRduvyAvahAsiM dadhAnA : kAmonmugdhAH smarayitumaho saMzrayante vibuddhAn / / - (sarga 4 : zlo. 36) isazlokameM prathamacaraNa 'meghadUta' ke zloka kA hai / isalie isakI AkhyA pUrvArdha pAdaveSTita hai|

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AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) aura unakA 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya 237 pAdaveSTita kA tRtIya prakAra nidrAsaMgAdupahitaratergADhamAzleSavRnte - rlabdhAyAste kathamapi mayA svpnsNdrshnessu| . vizleSassyAdvihitaruditairAdhijairAzubodhaiH kAmo' sahyaM ghaTayatitarAM vipralambhAvatAram / / (sarga 4: zlo.37) prastuta zloka meM dvitIya caraNa meghadUta' ke zloka kA hai| isa prakAra, kavi zrI jinasena ne pAdaveSTita, pAdAbhraveSTita aura pAdAntaritAveSTita ke rUpa - vaibhinnaya kI avatAraNA dvArA 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya ke racanA zilpa meM camatkAra-vaicitrya utpanna kara apanI adbhuta kAvyaprauDhitA kA AhlAdaka paricaya diyA hai| . . . . AcArya jinasena rAjA amodhavarSa ke guru the, yaha kAvya ke pratyeka sarga kI samApti meM, mUla kAvya aura usakI subodhikA vyAkhyA kI puSpikA meM ullikhita hai: 'ityamoghavarSaparamezvara-paramaguru zrI jinasenAcArya viracita meghadUtaveSTitaveSTite pArvAbhyudaye...'!. prasiddha jaina vidvAna zrI pannAlAla bAkalIvAla ke anusAra rASTra kUTavaMzIya rAjA amoghavarSa 736 zakAbda meM karNATaka aura mahArASTra kA zAsaka thaa| isane lagAtAra tirasaTha varSoM taka rAjya kiyaa| isane apanI rAjadhAnI malakheDa yA mAnyakheTa meM vidyA evaM sAMskRtika cetanA ke pracura pracAra-prasAra ke kAraNa vipula yaza arjita kiyA thaa| aitihAsikoM kA kahanA hai ki isa rAjA ne 'kavirAjamArga' nAmaka alaMkAra-grantha kannaDa-bhASA meM likhA thaa| isake atirikta, 'praznottara ratnamAlA' nAmaka eka laghukAvya kI racanA saMskRta meM kI thii| yaha rAjA AcArya jinasena ke caraNakamala ke namaskAra se apane ko bar3A pavitra mAnatA thaa| ___ 'pArvAbhyudaya' ke anta meM subodhikA-TIkA, jisakI racanA AcArya mallinAtha kI meghadUta-TIkA ke anukaraNa para huI hai, ke kartA paNDitAcArya yogirATa kI ora se 'kAvyAvatara' upanyasta huA hai, jisase 'pAzrvAbhyudaya' kAvya kI racanA kI eka manoraMjaka pRSThabhUmi kI sUcanA milatI hai:

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238 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha eka bAra kAlidAsa nAma kA koI ojasvI kavi rAjA amoghavarSa kI sabhA meM AyA aura usane svaracita 'meghadUta' nAmaka kAvya ko aneka rAjAoM ke bIca, bar3e garva se, upasthita vidvAnoM kI avahelanA karate hue sunaayaa| taba, AcArya jinasena ne apane satIrthya AcArya vinayasena ke Agrahavaza ukta kavi kAlidAsa ke garva-zamana ke uddezya se sabhA ke samakSa usakA parihAsa karate hue kahA ki yaha kAvya (meghadUta) kisI purAnI kRti se corI karake likhA gayA hai, isIlie itanA ramaNIya bana par3A haiN| isa bAta para kAlidAsa bahuta ruSTa huA aura jinasena se kahA - 'yadi yahI bAta hai, to likha DAlo koI aisI hI kRti|' isa para jinasena ne kahA - aisI kAvyakRti to maiM likha cukA hU~, kintu hai vaha yahAM se dUra kisI dUsare nagara meN| yadi ATha dinoM kI avadhi mile to use yahA~ lAkara sunA sakatA huuN| __AcArya jinasena ko rAjasabhA kI ora se yathAprArthita avadhi dI gaI aura unhoMne isI bIca tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kathA ke AdhAra para 'meghadUta' kI paMktiyoM se AveSTita karake 'pArvAbhyudaya' jaisI mahArgha kAvya-racanA kara DAlI aura use sabhA ke samakSa upasthita kara kavi kAlidAsa ko parAsta kara diyaa| pArvAbhyudaya' kA saMkSipta kathAvatAra isa prakAra hai: bharatakSetra ke suramya nAmaka deza meM podanapura nAma kA eka nagara thaa| vahA~ aravinda nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usa rAjA ke kamaTha aura marubhUti nAma ke do mantrI the, jo dvijanmA vizvabhUti tathA usakI patnI anudarI ke putra the| kamaTha kI patnI kA nAma varuNA thA aura marubhUti kI patnI vasundharA nAma kI thii| eka bAra choTA bhAI marubhUti zatru-rAjA vajravIrya ke vijaya ke lie apane svAmI rAjA aravinda ke sAtha yuddha meM gyaa| isa bIca maukA pAkara durAcArI agraja kamaTha ne apanI patnI varuNA kI sahAyatA se bhrAtR patnI vasundharA ko aMgIkRta kara liyaa| rAjA aravinda jaba zatru vijaya karake vApasa AyA, taba use kamaTha kI durvRtti kI sUcanA milii| rAjA ne marubhUti ke abhiprAyAnusAra nagara meM praveza karane ke pUrva hI apane bhRtya ke dvArA kamaTha ke nagara-nirvAsana kI AjJA ghoSita karAI, kyoMki rAjA ne durvRtta

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239 AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) aura unakA 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya kamaTha kA mu~ha dekhanA bhI gavArA nahIM kiyaa| kamaTha apane anuja para kruddha hokara jaMgala calA aura vahA~ usane tApasa-vRtti svIkAra kara lii| ___apane agraja kamaTha kI isa nirvedAtmaka sthiti se jAne kyoM marubhUti ko bar3A pazcAtApa huaa| jaMgala jAkara usane apane agraja kamaTha ko DhU~Dha nikAlA aura vaha usake pairoM para girakara kSamA mA~gane lgaa| krodhAndha kamaTha ne pairoM para gire hue marubhUti kA sira patthara mArakara phor3a DAlA, jisase usakI vahIM tatkSaNa mRtyu ho gii| isa prakAra, akAla mRtyu ko prApta marubhUmi Age bhI aneka bAra janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM par3atA rhaa| eka bAra vaha punarbhava ke krama meM kAzI janapada kI vArANasI nagarI meM mahArAja vizvasena aura mahArAnI brAhmI devI ke putra-rUpa meM utpanna huA aura tapobala se tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha banakara pUjita huaa| abhiniSkramaNa ke bAda, eka dina, tapasyA karate samaya pArzvanAtha ko punarbhavoM ke prapaMca meM par3e hue zambara nAma se prasiddha kamaTha ne dekha liyaa| dekhate hI usakA pUrva janma kA vaira bhAva jaga par3A aura usane munIndra pArzvanAtha kI tapasyA meM vividha vighna upasthita kiye| anta meM munindra ke prabhAva se kamaTha ko sadgati prApta huii| jijJAsu janoM ke nie isa kathA kA vistAra jaina purANoM meM draSTavya hai| marubhUti kA apane bhava se pArzvanAthaM ke bhaMva meM pronnayana yA abhyudaya ke kAraNa isa kAvyakRti kA pAzvobhyudaya nAma sArthaka hai| ___ isa 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya meM kamaTha yakSa ke rUpa meM kalpita hai aura usakI preyasI bhrAtRpatnI vasundharA kI yakSiNI ke rUpa meM kalpanA kI gaI hai| rAjA aravinda kubera hai, jisane kamaTha ko eka varSa ke lie nagara-nirvAsana kA daNDa diyA. thaa| zeSa alakApurI Adi kI kalpanAe~ 'meghadUta' kA hI anusaraNa-mAtra haiN| .. AcArya jinasena ne 'meghadUta' kI kathAvastu ko AtmasAt kara use 'pArvAbhyudaya' kI kathAvastu ke sAtha kisa prakAra prAsaMgika banAyA hai, isake do-eka udAharaNa dRSTavya haiN|

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240 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha tasyAstIre muhurupalavAnnUrdhvazoSaM prazuSyan - nubdAhussanparusamanasaH paJcatApaM tapo yaH / kurvannasma smarati jaDadhIstApasAnAM manojJAM snigdhacchAyAtaruSu vasatiM rAmagiryAzrameSu / / ' ( sarga 1 : zlo. 3) mandabuddhi kamaTha usa siMdhu nadI ke tIra para bAra-bAra pattharoM ko pakar3atA thaa| Upara se par3ane vAlI tIvra dhUpa se usake zarIra ke avayava sUkha rahe the| Upara hAtha uThAye hue vaha kaThina cintanapUrvaka paMcAgni tApane kA tapa kara rahA thaa| zItala chAyA vAle per3oM se yukta rAmagiri nAmaka parvata para vAsa karatA huA vaha tapasviyoM ke lie manorama sthAna kA smaraNa taka nahIM karatA thA / tvAM dhyAyantyA virahazayanAbhogamuktAkhilAGagyAH zaMke tasyA mRdutalamavaSTabhya gaNDopadhAnam / 'hastanyastaM mukhamasakalavyakti lambAlakatvAdindordainyaM tvadupasaraNakliSTakAntirvibharti / / ' (sarga 3 : zlo. 27) viraha kI zayyA para jisakA sArI zarIra niDhAla par3A hai, aisI vasundharA tumhArA dhyAna karatI huI apane kapolatala meM komala takiyA lie leTI hogI; saMskAra ke abhAva meM lambe par3e apane kezoM meM Adhe chipe mukha ko hAtha para rakhe hue hogI, usakA vaha mukha megha se Adhe Dhake kSINa kAnti vAle candramA kI bhA~ti zocanIya ho gayA hogA, aisI merI AzaMkA hai 1 prauDha kAvyabhASA meM likhita prastuta kAvya meghadUta ke samAna hI mandAkrAntA chanda meM Abaddha hai / teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha svAmI kI tIvra tapasyA ke avasara para unake pUrvabhava ke zatru zambara yA kamaTha dvArA upasthApita kaThora kAyaklezoM tathA sambhogazraMgAra se saMvalita pralobhanoM kA atizaya prItikara aura ruciratara varNana isa kAvya kA zailpika vaiziSTaya hai / meghadUta jaise zrRMgArakAvya ko zAntarasa ke kAvya meM pariNata karanA kavi zrI jinasena kI. asAdhAraNa kavitva - zakti ko iMgita karatA hai| saMskRta ke

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AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) aura unakA pArzvabhyudaya' kAvya 241 sandeza kAvyoM yA dUtakAvyoM meM sAmAnyatayA vipralambha zrRMgAra tathA viraha-vedanA kI pRSThabhUmi rahatI hai| parantu jaina kaviyoM ne sandezakAvyoM meM zrRMgAra se zAnta kI aura prasthiti upanyasta kara etadvidha kAvya-paramparA ko naI dizA pradAna kI hai| tyAga aura saMyama ko jIvana kA sambala samajhane vAle jaina kaviyoM ne zrRMgAracetanAmUlaka kAvya-vidhA meM bhArata ke gauravamaya itihAsa tathA utkRSTatara saMskRti ke mahAgha tatvoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| saMdezamUlaka kAvyoM meM tIrthaMkara jaise zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvanavRttoM kA parigumphana kiyA hai| 'meghadUta' ke zlokoM ke caraNoM para Azrita samasyA pUrti ke bahukoNIya prakAroM kA prArambha kavi zrI jinasena dvitIya ke 'pArvAbhyudaya' se hI hotA hai| yahI nahIM, jaina kAvya-sAhitya meM dUtakAvya kI paramparA kA pravartana bhI 'pArvAbhyudaya' se hI huA hai| isa dRSTi se isa kAvya kA aitihAsika mahatva - 'pAzrvAbhyudaya' se to 'abhyudaya' - nAmAnta kAvyoM kI paramparA hI pracalita ho gii| isa sandarbha meM 'dharmazarmAbhyudaya' (harizcandra : terahavIM zatI); 'dharmAbhyudaya' (udayaprabha sUri : terahavIM zatI) 'kapphiNAbhyudaya' (ziva svAmI : navama zatI); 'yAdavAbhyudaya' veMkaTanAtha vedAntadezika : terahavIM zatI); 'bharatezvarAbhyudaya' (AzAdhara : terahavIM zatI) Adi kAvya ullekhya .. meghadUta' kI prabhAvAnviti se AviSTa hone para bhI 'pArvAbhyudaya' kI kAvyabhASA, zailI kI dRSTi se sarala nahIM; apitu jaTila hai| phalata: kathAvastu sahasA pAThakoM ko hRdayaMgama nahIM hotii| samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM gumphana hone ke kAraNa tathA kathAvastu ke balAt saMyojana ke kAraNa bhI mUla ke artha bodha meM viparyastatA kI anubhUti hotI hai| mUlata: pArzvabhyudaya' pratikriyA meM pragati eka kaThina kAvya hai| _ 'pArvAbhyudaya' samasyApUrtiparaka kAvya hone para bhI isameM kavikRta abhinava bhAva-yojanA atizaya manorama hai| kintu, saMdeza-kathana kI ramaNIyatA meghadUta' jaisI nahIM hai| isa meM jaina dharma ke kisI siddhAnta kA

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242 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kahIM bhI pratipAdana nahIM huA hai, kintu kailAsa parvata aura mahAkAla-vana meM jina mandiroM aura jina pratimAoM kA varNana avazya huA hai| jagaha-jagaha sUktiyoM kA samAveza kAvya ko kalAvareNya banAtA hai| isa prasaMga meM 'ramyasthAnaM tyajati na mano durvidhAna pratIhi' (1.74); 'pApApAye prathamamuditaM kAraNaM bhaktireva' (2.65); 'kAmo'sahyaMghaTayatitarA vipralambhAvatAram' (4.37) Adi bhAvagarbha sUktiyA~ dRSTavya haiN| zabdazAstrajJa AcArya jinasena kA bhASA para asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai| inake dvArA aprayukta kriyApadoM kA pade-pade prayoga tato'dhika zabda-camatkAra utpanna karatA hai| bar3e-bar3e vaiyAkaraNoM kI to parIkSA hI pAzrvAbhyudaya' meM sambhava huI hai| isa sandarbha meM AcArya kavi zrI ke dvArA prayukta 'hI', ('hi' ke lie); 'sphAvayan' (=vardhayan); 'pracikaTayiSuH' (=prakaTayitumicchu:); 'vittAnighnaH' (=vittAdhIna:); 'makSu' (=zIgheNa); 'siSidhuSaH' (=siddhA devatAvizeSAH); 'peNIyasva' (atyarthaM pAnaM vidhehi); 'ravena' (=gaganena); 'prothinI' (=lamboSThI); 'muruNDa:' (=vatsarAjonarendraH); 'hepayantyA:' (=viDambayantyAH ); "nirdi dhakSet' (nirdagdhumiccheta); 'vaijayArtham' (=vijayasyArthasyedaM); 'jigaliSu' (=galitumicchu);, zaMphalAnpamphalIti' (=zaM sukhameva phalaM yeSAM tAn bhRzaM phalati); gahaktamAnA:' (= jugupsAvantaH); 'jAghaTIti' (=bhRzaM ghaTate) Adi nAti pracalita zabda vicAraNIya haiN| 'pArvAbhyudaya' AcArya jinasena kA avazya hI eka aisA pAryantika kAvya hai, jisakA adhyayana-anuzIlana kabhI azeSa nahIM hogaa| kAvyAtmaka camatkAra, saundarya-bodha, bimbavidhAna evaM rasAnubhUti ke vividha upAdAna 'pArvAbhyudaya' meM vidyamAna haiN| nibandhanapaTutA, bhAvAnubhUti kI tIvratA, vastuvinyAsa kI satarkatA, vilAsa vaibhava, prakRti-citraNa Adi sAhityika AyAmoM kI saghanatA ke sAtha hI bhogavAda para aMkuzAropaNa jaisI varNya vastu kA vinyAsa 'pArvAbhyudaya' kI kAvyaprauDhi ko sAtizaya cArutA pradAna karatA hai|

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AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) aura unakA 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya 243 ___ kAvyakAra AcArya jinasena ne arthavyaMjanA ke lie hI bhASika prayoga vaicitrya se kAma liyA hai| 'kAvyAvatara' meM varNita kathA-prasaMga ke AdhAra para yadi AcArya jinasena ko kAlidAsa kA samakAlIna mAnA jAya to, yaha kahanA samIcIna hogA ki bhAratIya sabhyatA ke itihAsa ke jisa yuga meM isa deza kI viziSTa saMskRti sarvAdhika vikasita huI thI, usI yuga meM 'pArvAbhyudaya' ke racayitA vidyamAna the| vaha kAlidAsa kI taraha bhAratIya itihAsa ke svarNayuga ke kavi the| isa yuga kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti sAhitya meM hI nahIM; apitu lalita, vAstu, sthApatya Adi vibhinna kalAoM meM paripUrNatA ke sAtha vyakta huI hai| AcArya jinasena (dvitIya) isa yuga ke zreSTha kavi the aura inhoMne samaya kI bAhya vAstavikatA, arthAt sabhyatA kA citraNa to kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI usakI antaraMga cetanA kA bhI jise hama saMskRti kaha sakate haiM, manohArI samAhAra prastuta kiyA hai| - 'pArvAbhyudaya' 'bhASA kI prauDhatA kI dRSTi se advitIya kAvya hai| yaha aura bAta hai ki AcArya jinasena ke zAstrajJa pANDita ne unake kavi ko avazya hI parAsta kiyA hai| phalata: isameM pANDitya ke anupAta meM kavitva kama par3a gayA hai| kAlidAsa kI avamAnanA ke uddezya se likhA gayA hone para bhI yaha kAvya ulaTe hI kAlidAsa kI kAvyAtmaka varcasvitA kA vistAraka bana gayA hai| saMdarbha . . 1. . vizeSa dRSTavya : "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA" DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, pR. 337. .. 2.. vizeSa dRSTavya : "saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna", DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, (bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1971) pR. 237.

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zilpakalA evaM sthApatya ke vividha AyAmoM meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha - DaoN. suzrI sImA jaina* bhAratIya saMskRti kI pramukha dhArA zramaNa paramparA meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA aitihAsika evaM gauravazAlI mahatva rahA hai| jaina zramaNa paramparA ke karmabhUmi kAla ke 23veM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM evaM sampUrNa rASTra ke janamAnasa meM vighnahara, cintAmaNI pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI mAnyatA kI svarNima pRSThabhUmi pratyeka ciMtanazIla evaM AsthAvAna prANI ko acaMbhita karake preraNAspada anukaraNa karane ke liye anAyAsa avasara pradAna karatI hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne kisI navIna dharma kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA apitu prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se calI A rahI avicchinna evaM anavarat paramparA ko, jo ki 22 ve tIrthakara bhagavAn neminAtha ke zAsana kAla taka calI, navInIkRta svarUpa "cAturyAma" ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA thaa| aitihAsika saMdarbho se pratipAdita hotA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ke mAtA-pitA pArzvanAtha ke "pAvApatya" ke anuyAyI the| kalpasUtra meM ullekha AyA hai ki mahAvIra ne ThIka isI mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA jisakA upadeza unake pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM ne diyA thaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA jIvana caritra apanI anupama vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa vizeSa ullekhanIya rahA hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne lokanAyaka ke rUpa meM kAphI bar3I sImA taka jana mAnasa ko apane sAtha spaMdita kiyA thaa| jisake kAraNa Aja taka bihAra, baMgAla, ur3IsA evaM anya pUrvottara bhArata meM jaina evaM jainettara pArzvanAtha ko apanA kuladevatA mAnate haiM, unake zrI * lalitapura

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zilpakalA evaM sthApatya ke vividha AyAmoM meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 245 caraNoM meM apane zraddhAsumana bikherate haiM, apane baccoM ke nAma pArzvanAtha ke nAma para rakhate haiN| unhIM vizvaMdya mahApuruSa kI nirvANa bhUmi kA nAma bhI "pArzvanAtha hila" yA "pArzvanAtha pahAr3I" ke nAma se prasiddha hai, jo jaina dharma kA sabase mahatvapUrNa vaMdanIya tIrtha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sampUrNa bhAratavarSa me vartamAna meM bhI jaina dharma kI donoM pramukha zAkhAoM, digambara evaM zvetAmbara meM, sarvAdhika maMdira bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke haiN| . pArzvanAtha ke prabhAva kA sabase mahatvapUrNa evaM aitihAsika pramANa usa samaya dekhane milatA hai, jaba rAmacarita mAnasa ke racayitA mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ne apanI amarajayI kAvya racanA sampUrNa karane ke pazcAt ukta kRti ko bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko samarpita karate hue unakI bhakti meM chanda likhe haiM, jo ki vartamAna ke kaTTarapaMthI ciMtakoM ke liye eka anukaraNIya dizA bodhaka preraNA strota haiN| - bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI sarvAdhika lokamAnyatA hone ke phalasvarUpa zilpa kalA evaM sthApatya ke vividha sandarbho evaM AyAmoM meM vibhinna zilpakalA zailI meM atyanta vikasita svarUpa dekhane ko milatA hai| dakSiNa bhArata.kI bAdAmI sabhyatA evaM rAjazAhI ke aMcala bIjApura, golakuMDA evaM jaina dharmAvalambI rAjAoM ke zAsana ke kendrabindu maisUra meM hoyasala, cola evaM anya kalA zilpoM meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha svAmI kI khar3agAsana pratimAoM kA samAveza hai| isI zrRMkhalA meM pazcima evaM uttara bhArata ke suprasiddha digambara evaM zvetAmbara maMdiroM meM, zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha, vighnahara pArzvanAtha, ciMtAmaNI pArzvanAtha kI phaNavAlI pratimAeM zilpakalA kI bejor3a kRti haiN| gvAliyara (ma.pra.) ke suprasiddha kile meM sthita gopAcala parvata para virAjamAna bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI 42 phuTa UMcI padamAsana pratimA vizva kI ekamAtra itanI bar3I padmAsana pratimA hai, jo zilpa kalA evaM sthApatya ke sarvocca zikhara ko chUtI hai|

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SUPARSHVA AND PARSHVA - SOME REFLECTIONS -- Prof. Shubhachandra* Of the twentyfour Jaina Tirthankaras, Suparshva is the seventh and Parshva is the twentythird. While Suparshva belongs to the pre-historic period, Parshva belongs to the ninth century B.C. and is considered a historical personage. Though they are chronologically separated by thousands of years, there are certain striking correspondences between them, apart from their similar names and the overhead hooded-naga. It is the purpose of this paper to highlight some of these correspondences. Part I Many Jaina literary works refer to Suparshva and one of them is Srimad Gunabhadracharya's Uttara Puran. Uttara Purana gives a graphic account of Suparshva. This account may be summarised thus: Maharaja Suprathishta, who belonged to Rishabha Tirthankara's illustrious lineage, was the king of Kashi and his queen was Prithvishenadevi. Suparshva was their son. He inherited his father's kingdom during his youth and enjoyed perfect domestic bliss. Since he was able to practise self-control even in the midst of royal luxuries, his joys were within limits and this naturally led to his karma-nirjara. One day, he noticed how the season suddenly changed. This brought him the realisation that all earthly things were subject to change and nothing in this world was permanent. His wealth and kingdom appeared to be mere illusions. * Dept. of Jainology & Prakrit, University of Mysore, Mysore

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SUPARSHVA AND PARSHVA - SOME REFLECTIONS 247 He thought, "How foolish have I been all these years! I have lived on without realising for a moment the impermanence of all earthly things. What a shame! A man who allows himself to be attracted by the transient wordly joys is bound to love this impermanent world! In this way, wisdom at last dawned on him. He renounced the world and undertook rigorous penance. In due course of time, he became a kevalajnani and attained salvation'. In addition to the above account, we get accounts of Suparshva's life in Lakshanagani's Supasanaha Chariya (circa V.S. 1199) with 8000 gathas in Prakrit? and in the works of Devasuri and Vibudhacharya which are not extant today, but are referred to in other works.. Coming to Parshvanatha, we find innumerable works on him in Sanskirt, Prakrit, Apabhramsha, Kannada, Marathi and Hindi. These works reveal his undying populalrity with his Jaina followers. A detailed account of Parshvanatha's life as found in Uttara Purana may be summarised thus : : Parshvanatha was the son of King Vishwasena of Kashi and his queen Brahmila. In his sixteenth year, he went to play games in the forest on the outskirts of the city one day. He came across his maternal grandfather Mahipala doing penance there with five fires around him. Mahipala could not control his sorrow on losing his wife. And after renouncing the world, he came to this forest for doing penance. Parshvanatha did not do obeisance to him and thus angered the tapasvi. When Mahipala was about to hew a log to pieces with his axe to feed the dying fires around him Parshvanatha shouted to him, "O, tapasvi, do not hew it to pieces because there are living being inside it". But Mahipala did not heed his advice and hewed the log to pieces. The naga couple inside was cut into two, and before the nagas died they drew comfort from Parshvanatha's presence there. They were reborn in the nagaloka as Dharanendra and Padmavathi, ayaksha couple.

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248 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha When Parshvanatha was thirty years old, Jayasena, King of Ayodhya, sent a messenger to him with many royal gifts.. The messanger descsribed Rishabha Thirthankara as also the city of Ayodhya ruled by him. After listening to the description, Parshvanatha learnt his bhavaparampara with his avadhijnana. He took to sanyasa immediately and had his keshalochana performed by panchmushtis. It was followed by a rigorous penance. During his penance one day, Shambaradeva, his foe in his previous birth, caused him numerous upasargas. Shambaradeva pushed a mountain over his head. Dharanendra yaksha learnt about this upasarga with his avadhijnana and appeared in the form of a hooded naga and shielded Parshvanatha. In the meanwhile, his wife Padmavathi yakshi stood by Parshavnath's side with a diamond umbrella over his head. This was how the yaksha couple showed their gratitude to Parshvanatha.from whose presence they had drawn comfort before their death in their previous birth. Parshvanatha attained kevalajnana even as his tormentor, Shambaradeva felt repentant and did obeisance to him. Seven hundred ascetics who were living in that forest gave up their mithyathva and did obeisance to Parshyanatha as samyagdrishits. Parshvanatha preached Jaina doctrines for seventy years and attained nirvana in Sammedagiri. .:. Considering the lineage of the two Thirthankaras, we find from Uttara Purana that Suparshva belongs to Rishabha Thirthankara's Ikshwaku lineage, while Parshva belongs to lineage. However, Maghanandi's Shastrasara Samuchchaya includes Suparshva in the Ugra dynastys. Since there is no dispute about the Ugra lineage of Parshvanatha, it can be safely assumed that Suparshva also belonged to the same lineage. Another pertinent fact in support of this assumption is that both Suparshva and Parshva belonged to Kashi and hooded nagas are found overhead in all their images.

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SUPARSHVA AND PARSHVA - SOME REFLECTIONS 249 Suparshva being a prehistoric personage in the Shramanic tradition, the picture that we get from his account in Uttara Purana is that of a puranic figure with two hundred bow's height and two crore and thirtyfive lakh years' longevity. On the other hand, according to the same work, Parshva's height was just nine times the length of the forearm and he had a hundred years' longevity. This clearly establishes him as a historical personage who lived some two hundred and fifty years before Mahavira. Though there is a puranic outer layer covering up his historical personality, there is an unmistakable historicity about him, one of the important factors throwing light on his historicity is the historical evidence of the existence of a large number of contemporary panchangni ascetics of the non-Shramanic tradition during his time. These ascetics resorted to panchagnic tapas to free themselves from worldly miseries. This historical fact is clearly brought out in the accounts of Parshvanatha's life. Tracing the correspondences between the Jaina and Vaidika puranas, some scholars have tried to identify Jayasena of Uttara purana with Krithanjaya, King of Ayodhya, belonging to the Ikshwaku lineage of the Vaidika puranaso. According to the Jaina puranas, Mahavira attained nirvana two hundred and fifty years after Parshvanatha's nirvana. This shows that Parshvanatha was a historical figure who lived in the ninth century B.C. On the other hand, it is almost impossible to establish the historicity of Suparshva. Part 1 Suparshva, Parshva and Naga Since the statues of both Suparshva and Parshvanatha show the hooded naga overhead, it is a little confusing. Quite often, Suparshva's images are easily mistaken for those of Parshvanatha for this reason. If the statues are to be differentiated, it can only be done on the basis of their different emblems. While Suparshva's emblem is swastika, Parshva's emblem is sarpa. It may be asked

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250 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha * why a statue of Suparshva with this swastika emblem has a hooded naga overhead. Nobody has been able to answer this question satisfactorily. As can be seen, there is no direct connection between the events of Suparshva's life and his acquisition of the hoodednaga overhead. What makes this still more interesting is the fact that even the swastika emblem is associated with the hooded naga which has it on its hood?. The following verse in praise of Dharanendra yaksha's beautiful form describes the swastika mark on the hood of nagarajao. Phanamani ganojvalam kutila kunthalolhasitham Lasathkusumashekharam vikata visphurath swastikam Bhujangama smanvitham prathitharupa Padmavathee'pathim Gunaganairyutham Dharanaraj yaksham bhaje Particularly the expression 'Vikata visphurath swastikam' confirms the popular belief that swastika is also associated with the hooded nagaraja. The statue of Parshvanatha in the Mathura museum shows the swastika mark in the middle of the seven-hooded head of nagaraja'. This statue belongs to first century A.D. and confirms our theory regarding swastika and its association with nagaraja. Summing up what has been said on this subject, it is to be observed that nagaraja and its swasika figure in Suparshva's statues, though there is nothing to establish any kind of inherent relationship between the two. And further the naga which is associated with Parshva's statues is directly connected with Parshva's life. It may be pertinent to ask why both these Thirthankaras are associated with the naga. This question has to be answered in the light of the importance given to naga worship in our country. When the different forms of naga worship are examined, the evolution of naga worship becomes clear. Naga worship is common to the Jaina, Buddhist, Shaktha, Shaiva, Vaishnava and folk traditions.

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SUPARSHVA AND PARSHVA - SOME REFLECTIONS 251 The Jaina worship of Suparshva, Parshva, Dharanendra, Padmavathi and the Kukkuta Sarpa is in tune with the larger naga cult in the country cutting across barriers of creed and caste. We find among Buddhists the concept of Naga Buddha and his sculpture; among the Shaivas, Shaiva's ornaments being all nagas; among the Vaishnavas, Vishnu being represented as resting on a naga; Ganapati having a naga as his waist belt; and Sri Krishna slaying the Kalinga sarpa. Thus, one way or the other, sarpas have been associated with all those worthy of worship. Primitive man has established naga worship as a very popular form of religious worship and it has survived to this day. The naga has become as worthy of worship as anyone else. If there is poison in its tooth, there is also the resplendent rathna in its forehead. This kind of devotion to the naga as the living symbol of both poison and nectar is unquestionable and it defies reason and logic. The naga is the symbol of death by virtue of its poisonous bite. Death due to snake bite is not normal death, it is unnatural death. As living symbols of this kind of death] the nagas are to be feared and appeased in numerous ways. Thus has started the naga cult. The grim'realisation that the naga is not just a poisonous creature but also a beneficial creature must have guided the primitive man's superistitions actions. Thinking that it protects the hidden treasure underground, he must have started worshipping it as the protector of wealth in general. Sham: Ba. Joshi, a noted Kannada scholar, opines that several scholars have identified the naga as a living example of the ideals of the virakta tradition. He says: "There appears to be some resemblance between the naga style of living and the style of living of the parivrajakas, jangamas, yatis and bhikshus of the virakta school. (i) The truth hidden in the different forms of naga worship and in the symbolic miracle stories is: this worldly life is transient; it lasts as long as there is the naga's favour; and after one's death, the soul merges with the sarpa- universe; and, so the lonely life in

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252 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha a cave is better than the family life. (ii) The Yatibhikshu is always wandering and begging as he is barred from living in a fixed place, (iii) Practice of non-accumulation of earthly possessions, (iv) Dedicated self meditation, etc."10. Several examples may be given to show the traditional belief that the naga is the fundamental life force. It is customary for the devout masses to name children after the naga, irrespective of their castes. It is believed that the curse of childlessness is caused by the naga's disfavour. Even if children are born, they are not expected to live long. As an antidote to childlessness, a magic rite called 'nagabali' is resorted to. This 'nagabali' or 'nagoli' rite forms an important wedding rite. It is also believed that by installing the naga images the curse of childlessness and such other evils can be kept away. Nagapanchami is universally celebrated to appease the naga god. It is no wonder that naga worship, which is as old as the human civilization itself, occupies even now an important position in the religious and cultural life of the masses. The naga is associated with religious worship in general irrespective of castes and creeds. It is but natural that the Jainas too practise naga worship incidentally, as found in their worship of Suparshva and Parshva, however inexplicable the association of Suparshva with naga worship may be. Part III Parshvanatha and Karnataka Though Mahavira is much nearer chronologically than Parshvanatha, Parshvanatha's impact on Karnataka is greater than Mahavsira's. It is for this reason that Parshvanatha temples outnumber Mahavira temples in Karnataka. We find only 54 temples dedicated to Mahavira, whereas we have more than 240 temples of Parshvanatha.". One of the possible reasons for this

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SUPARSHVA AND PARSHVA - SOME REFLECTIONS 253 preponderance of Parshvanatha temples may be Parshvanatha's association with naga worship. Another reason may be the fact that Jainism was prevalent in Karnataka during Parshvanatha's time and the later advent of Bhadrabahu and his twelve thousand followers belonging to the Mahavira tradition could not have deminished the existing popularity of Parshvanatha worship. This subject of the enduring popularity of Parshvanatha worship in Karnataka provides a fertile field for profitable research. REFERENCES: 1. "Uttarapurana", 53rd parva. 2. 'Supasanaha chariya', Jaina Vivida Sahityashastramala, Banaras, 1918. . 3. 'Jinarathnakosha', H.D. Velankar, P. 445, Poona, 1944. 4. 'Uttarapurana', 73rd Parva. 5. 'Shastrasara-Samuchchaya', Maghanandi. 6. 'Mahavira Thirthankarana Purvadalli Jainadharma', Dr. M.D. :: Vasantharaj, 'Divyadhvni', p. 340. Bangalore, 1975. 7. Rigvedasara; Nagaprathima Vichara', Sham. Ba. Joshi, p. 26, * Mysore. 8. I am grateful to my Professor Dr. M.D. Vasantharaj who drew ...my attention to this stotra. 9. Archaeological Museum, Mathura. 10: 'Ibid, p. 32, Mysore. 11. Karnatakada Digambara Jinamandiragalu', Karnatakada Digambara Jina Mahamandala, (Reg.). Bangalore, 1994.

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TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND NAGA-CULT - Acharya Gopi Lal Amar* If at all Naga-cult has to be viewed in full flourish in Jainism, it may well be viewed in the literature and art illustrating the life of Parsvanatha, twentythird and the last-but one Tirthankara. His time, ninth century B.C., was perhaps the golden period of the Nagas as a tribe and as the rulers. The sasanadevata couple, called Dharanendra Yaksa and Padmavati Yaksi of Parsvanatha, make an unparalleled example of the fiercest animal beings turning into celestial beings, those also as auspicious as to hold the highest position of presiding deities (sasana-devata) of a Tirthankara. Parsvanatha belonged to the Kasyapa-gotra and Iksvakuvamsa; the tenth-century text Mahapurana (94,22,23) of Puspadanta, however, mentions him belonging to Ugra-vamsa. - Yet some scholars think he belonged to Nagavamsa. Here the word ugra, meaning formidable, seems to have replaced the word uraga, meaning a snake, by way of transposition of a consonant, as simha replaced himsa and draha hrada in Sanskrit, Banaras replaced Varanasi in Hindi and tagma replaced tamgah in Turkish. The symbol on Parsvanatha's flag was a snake and his cognizance was also a snake. Even his complexion was a dark as that of a snake. Moreover, it is not unlikely that the snake-hood canopy over the head of the seventh Tirthankara Suparsvanatha, was inspired by the one with Parsvanatha; it should be like this because (i) there is no type of association of snake with Suparsvanatha, (ii) * Delhi

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TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND NAGA-CULT 255 there is no iconographic provision of a canopy for him, (iii) his name is almost synonymous with that of Parsvanatha, (iv) he also was born in the Ugra-vamsa, (v) his birth place also was Varanasi, (vi) his complexion also was like that of Parsvanatha, (vii) in a panoramic depiction of all the twentyfour Tirthankaras together the artist needed another Tirthankara with a snake-hood canopy as a pair to Parsvanatha to make the setting artistically balanced and picturesque. The Sanskrit word parsva means the side of Parsvanatha's mother, Vama-devi, during pregnancy, could be able to see, even in dark night, a cobra crawling by the side of her husband, Asvasena. He gave the name, Parsva, to the newly born, saying that "the miraculous vision should have been given to his mother by this child to save me from the deadly cobra crawling by my parsva', as is revealed by Hema-candr-acarya in his Tri-sasti-salakapurusa-carita (9,3,45). And, thus, naga associated Parsvanatha's life when he was just in embryo; his naming was caused by a naga, as well. A couple of nagas played a very significant and perennial role in the life of Parsvanatha. The story , in two episodes, is narrated without fail in hundreds of the texts dealing with the life of Parsvanatha. An ascetic, called Kamatha or Katha, while practising the panc-agni austerities, was surrounded by one fire-place on each of the four sides with the sun atop making the fifth. A log burning in one of the fire-places drove attention of a clairvoyant Parsvanatha and he blamed Kamatha of violence by way of burning an alive couple of snakes hidden in the log, which was cut apart to allow the half burnt reptiles come cut. Before the two breathed their last, Parsvanatha enchanted the greaterst of hymns, the Namokara-mantra, to convert their

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256 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha sorrowful and cruel concentrations (arta and raudra dhyana) into ameritorious concentration, which resulted into the reptiles' being respectively, Dharanendra and Padmavati in their next birth in the Naga-Kumara class of the Residential order of celestial ones (Bhavana-vasi deva). They both, in their new form, attained the most auspicious position of Yaksa and Yaksi of the Sasana-devata couple to preside over the period (Sasana) ended with the birth of Mahavira in 599 B.C. They appeared then and there to adore Parsvanatha, who had to face the misapprehensive actions of the enraged Kamatha. In his next birth Kamatha came to be known as Megha-malin, a god in the Asura class of the Peripatetic order (Vyantara deva) and variously referred to as Samvara, Sambara and Bhut-ananda. Megha-malin once found Parsvanatha standing in uiter concentration, it being the safest chance for him to take his revenge. He appeared in the transformations (Vikriya) of a lion, a leopard, an elephant, a scorpion and so on, to torture Parsvanatha, and, after all, he caused by his celestial power rain in torrents, hurling of stones, tumultuous noise and so on to happen. Parsvanatha, however, remained standing like that, unswerved and unshook in concentration. Dharanendra came to know all these happenings which were immediately controlled by him, as he appeared there with Padmavati and other goddesses. He transformed his body into a multi-hooded cobra (ahi) like an umbrella (chatra) to canopy his lord's body, whenceforth that place, called, Sankhyavati, came to be known as Ahicchatra or Ahi-cchatra-pura. 'The place was identified with the modern Nagore in Jodhpur State, which is regarded as a place of pilgrimage by the Jainas. It is now better identified and proved by archaeclogical discoveries, with a ruined site bearing the same name near Ramnagar in the Bareilly district ofU.P.

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TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND NAGA-CULT 257 Jina Parsvanatha took alone as many epithets as several times more than which were taken by all the other Tirthankaras together. His epithets related to cobra are equally symbolic. Sahasra-phana, for example, tells that Dharanendra protected his master by dilating his hood to make as many as one thousand canopies. At least thirteen images have this type of canopy. Ahicchatra Parsvanatha and Nagesvara Parsvanatha are also widely popular images known after the epithets. This suggests his merit proclaimed by the yasaskirti-nama-karman, that is the physique-making fatal matter of glory-and-renown. The first and foremost reason behind this should have been his peculiar charm of episodic career which the writers and literatures would most conveniently paint in glittering colours of miracles now; in variegated shades of mantra and Tantra then. The artist and architects were already all agog for virtually joining the campaign, which was no less than a golden opportunity for them to get rid of stagnation and rut created by unvarying repetition of archaie images and conventional patterns. Then came, in the early.medieval period around seventh century A.D., the picturesque scene of the calamitous pandemonium brought forth by an indomitable Kamatha, and almost simultaneously the enchanting figures of Dharanendra and Padmavati. No better charm than this melodramatic theme, could have there been for the artist to go on carving the images of Parsvanatha more than those of any other Tirthankara, both in quality and quantity. At times Padmavati seems even to have privileged Parsvanatha by way of her penetration in the popular custom where a living subcaste of the Jainas, calld Padmavati Purwal, was named after her at least as far back as the tenth century A.D. This shows the extraordinary influence of a Yaksi as compared to all the other twentythree Yaksis and even to all the sixteen Maha-vidyas. Her images show Parsvanatha but in miniature form in most of the

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258 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha cases. Shrines and temples have been provided for her, though in the name of Parsvanatha. And this all has a great impact on the puritanic resistance in the Jaina jurisprudence. The snake-hood canopy dates back to the second century B.C. as in the Mathura Parsvanathas, on the one end. But the earliest Dharanendra-Padmavati couples are seen with the seventh-eighth-century bronze Parsvanathas from the Akota Hoard, which, preserved in the Musum & picture Gallery at Vadodara, are widely known for their ornate style and delicate balance. Again the same are seen flanking the Badami and Ellora Parsvanathas which date from the eighth century A.D., on the other end. That is why few scholars question, rather rule out, the link between the two ends because of the long gap of more than eight centuries. Should the ruling be the final say, the snake-hood canopy will have to be linked with the Naga tribe referred to in the Mahabharata, in which case Parsvanatha will come a little higher up to befit his numerous images known by extraordinary number of epithets. But, on the other hand, the literature dating upto the second century A.D. has no-reference to Kamatha or to the Dharanendra-Padmavati couple: It was only by Acharya Samntabhadra, A.D. 120-80, in the verses 131-32 of his Svayambhu-stotra and by Acarya Siddhasena Divakara (Kumudacandra?)fifth century A.D., in the verses second and thirtyfirst of his Kalyana-mandira-stotra, that references to Dharana and Kamatha were first made. Sculptural art still latter represented the Kamatha-episode, the first representations being seen at Badami and Ellora in the eighth century; the snake-hood canopy, however, was presented at Mathura in the second century B.C. which tradition remained all through the ages unbroken. This late depiction of the Kamatha-episode may be seen in the light of the Buddha's torture by Mara and rescue by Mucilinda Naga, which episode, quite similar to Kamatha-episodes, was

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TIRTHANKARA PARSVANATHA AND NAGA-CULT 259 represented in the second century B.C. at Sanchi at the eastern gate of the great stupa; the broken off piece with this representation is presently preserved in the local museum at Sanchi itself. It also is equally remarkable that three of the seals from Mohenjo-daro, show snakes and human-cum-snake figures (Marshall, Mohenjodaro and the Indus Civilization, Vol. III; CXVIII, 11); representations of Visnu on sesa-sayya, Siva with snakes on his body, and so on are also earlier than the representations of Kamatha-episode. These facts may prompt one to conclude that the representation of torture by Kamatha and rescue by Dharanendra and Padmavati, of Parsvanatha, in Jaina literature and art is a result of inspiration from one or other of the above representations. Further researches, however, are not unlikely to bring an otherwise conclusion. Who took from whom and what, may or may not be known, but one thing is well known that exchange of ideas and symbols has been an all pervading phenomenon in art, literature and philosophy at national and international level. -The literature with Parsvanatha, Dharnaendra and Padmavati, as the central figures, is unbelievably vast and rich. Almost all the genres of literature, mythological and classic, include hundreds of works to eulogize one or the other of the three. Occult and Tantric treatises and hymns to propitiate, particularly Padmavati, outnumber all the other ones put together.

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eka jananAyaka tIrthaMkara : bhagavAna pArzvanAtha - DA. nalina ke. zAstrI* suprasiddha pAzcAtya viddhAna pro. viMTaraniTz2a ne bhAratIya saMskRti aura jIvana zailI ke vaividhya meM khuzabU bikheratI jaina saMskRti ke mAnakoM ko apanI sampUrNa jijJAsA kA kendra-bindu banAte hue bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI danta kathAoM ke nAyakoM ke rUpaka se tulanA kI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke kesI-goyama saMvAda' ke anusAra jisa kAlakhaNDa meM mahAvIra. ne apanA acelaka yA nirgrantha sampradAya sthApita kiyA, usa samaya pArzvanAtha kA prAcIna sampradAya pracalita thaa| jaba mahAvIra ke sampradAya ke adhinAyaka gautama the, usa samaya pArzva sampradAya ke nAyaka the kezI kumAra shrmnn| pArzva sampradAya kI dhArmika avadhAraNA saMtarottara' tathA varddhamAna kI acelaka dharma kI vyavasthA ke bIca Rju-jar3a (sarala kintu jar3a) tathA Rtu prAjJa (sarala aura samajhadAra) ke AyAma antara kI anuyAyI paristhitiyoM ko spaSTa karate haiN| isI prAjJa sthiti ne cAturyAma kI sthApanA kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| isa saMvAda se yaha bAta sApha hotI hai ki pArzva-sampradAya ne vItarAga kI buniyAda ko majabUta kiyA, sAtha hI usake vikAsa ko gati dI, dizA dii| isa paramparA ke jana-anuyAyI kAphI saMkhyA meM the tathA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha unake liye eka preraka prasaMga the, unakI ArAdhanA ke kendra-bindu the aura kAlAntara meM bana gaye anaganita jana-zrutiyoM ke jnk| yahI kAraNa thA ki viMTaraniTja ne unheM danta-kathAoM ke usa nAyaka ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jo pUrI sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika cetanA ko eka nayI dizA detA hai, eka nayA udbodha detA hai, saMskAroM kI parizuddhi karatA hai aura pUre samAja ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhatA hai| svAbhAvika hai ki aise mahAnAyaka pUjanIya ho jAte * magadha vizvavidyAlaya, gayA

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eka jananAyaka tIrthaMkara : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 261 haiM, vaMdanIya bana jAte haiM; unakI pUjA-arcanA ke pratIka bhaugolika sImAoM ko pAra kara jAte haiN| vArANasI meM AvirbhUta hue bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne kaivalya prApti ke anantara sattara varSoM taka pUrI mAnavatA ko dharmopadeza dekara kRtArtha kiyaa| unakA nirvANa I. pUrva 999veM varSa meM, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 250 varSa pUrva sammeda zikhara meM huaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke dharmopadezoM para pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke prabhAva spaSTatayA dRSTigata hote haiN| unameM bhagavAn AdinAtha kI tyAgonmukhI AkiMcanya munivRti, nami kI nirIhatA aura neminAtha kI ahiMsA kA samanvita rUpa cAturyAma kI zakla meM samekita huA hai| inake antargata : ... 1. sarvaprANAtikrama se viramaNa - 2. sarvamRSAvAda se viramaNa 3. sarvaadattAdAna se viramaNa . 4. sarva vahisthAdAna se viramaNa sannihita haiN| isa cAturyAma kA jikra mUlAcAra ke atirikta bauddha sAhitya . meM bhI upalabdha hai| yaha bAta isa ora izArA karatI hai ki jana sAmAnya ke jIvana kI zucitA ke prati bhagavAn pArzvanAtha saceta the evaM unakI pratibaddhatA eka prAmANika evaM naitika jIvana ko jIne ke prati thii| unakI isa AcAra-saMhitA ke prati janamAnasa meM Adara thA tathA use pUrNatA meM svIkAra karane kA ImAnadAra prayAsa bhI tatkAlIna samAja kara rahA thA jo bhaMgavAn pArzvanAtha kI lokapriyatA ke dvArA pramANita hotA hai| - bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke lokamaMgala svarUpa kA prAmANika dastAveja yadi hameM talAzanA ho to guphAoM ke zilpa aura unameM virAjamAna mUrtiyoM kI ora dRSTipAta karanA samIcIna hogaa| guphAoM kA adhyayana isa kAraNa Avazyaka hai ki sAdhanA kA kendra ye guphAeM thIM aura zahara yA grAmoM ke kolAhala se dUra munigaNa yahAM ke zAnta vAtAvaraNa meM Atma-dhyAna karate the|

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262 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ___ jAhira hai ki sAdhanA ke prakrama meM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hogA evaM mUrtiyoM ke cayana kA AdhAra sambandhita tIrthaMkara kI lokapriyatA evaM usakI tAtvika maulikatA rahatA hogaa| pUre deza meM lagabhaga 1200 pASANotkIrNa maMdira upalabdha haiM jinameM 900 bauddha, 100 hindu tathA 200 jaina guphA maMdira haiN| yadi hama madhyapradeza sthita udayagiri kI pUrva dizAvartI bIsavIM guphA para naz2ara DAleM to pAe~geM ki yahAM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI atibhavya mUrti virAjamAna hai| yadyapi mUrti kA kucha bhAga khaNDita ho gayA hai, tathApi usakA prazasta nAga-phaNa aba bhI usakI kalAkRti ko prakaTa kara rahA hai| isa mUrti para utkIrNa padyAtmaka saMskRta lekha ke anusAra isakI pratiSThA gupta saMvat 106 meM kArtika kRSNa paMcamI kA AcArya bhadrAnvayI AcArya gozarma muni ke ziSya zaMkara dvArA karAyI gayI thii| . ___ mahArASTra meM bhI tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI lokapriyatA ke pramANa milate haiN| usmAnAbAda ke guphA samUhoM meM pichale bhAga meM eka devAlaya hai jisameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI atyanta bhavya pratimA virAjamAna hai| varjesa ke matAnusAra ye guphA-samUha I.pU. 500-650 ke bIca ke haiN| isa guphA-samUha ke viSaya meM eka pracalita kiMvadantI hai ki mahArAja karakaNDa ne terApura ke samIpa parvata para eka guphA dekhI thii| tadanantara, isa rAjA ne anya guphAeM banavAyIM evaM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ko pratiSThita kiyaa| isa mUrti ke sundara rUpa kA varNana suprasiddha apabhraMza kavi kanakAmara muni ne apane kAvya karakaNDacariu meM kiyA hai, jo gyArahavIM sadI kI racanA hai| karakaNDa kA sandarbha jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se milatA hai evaM ina racanAoM tathA sthApatya ke AdhAra para ye guphAeM lagabhaga I.pU. navIM zatI kI hai| ___ dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ArAdhya deva the| isakA pramANa bAdamI kI guphAeM haiM jinakA nirmANa kAla sAtavI pyatI kA madhya bhAga hai| mAnA jAtA hai ki rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa (AThavIM zatI) ne rAjya kA parityAga kara jaina dIkSA dhAraNa kI evaM isI guphA meM nivAsa kiyaa| isa guphA ke barAmadoM meM eka ora bhagavAn pArzvanAtha virAjamAna haiM to dUsarI

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eka jananAyaka tIrthaMkara : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 263 ora bAhubalI, jo dakSiNa bhArata meM sarvAdhika lokapriya ArAdhya-deva haiN| isI prakAra aihola kI guphAoM meM bAyIM dIvAla para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti utkIrNa hai jisake eka ora nAga evaM dUsarI ora nAgina sthita hai| dAhinI ora caitya vRkSa ke nIce jinamUrti banI hai| isa guphA kI sahastraM phaNa yukta bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| ____ elorA kI guphAoM meM bhI indrasabhA kI eka bAharI dIvAla para pArzvanAtha kI tapasyA evaM kamaTha upasarga kA bahuta sundara evaM sajIva utkIrNana kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha kAyotsarga mudrA meM dhyAnastha haiM, Upara saptaphaNI nAga kI chAyA hai va eka nAginI chatra kiye hai| do anya nAginI bhakti, Azcarya va du:kha kI mudrAoM meM utkIrNita haiN| eka ora bhaiMse para savAra asura raudra mudrA meM zastrAstroM sahita AkramaNa kara rahA hai va dUsarI ora siMha para savAra kamaTha kI rudra mUrti AghAta karane ke liye udyata hai| nIce kI ora bhaktagaNa hAtha jor3a kara khar3e haiN| . __lagabhaga pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI gvAliyara kI jaina guphAoM meM bAvar3I ke samIpa. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI lagabhaga bIsa phuTa U~cI padmAsana mUrti virAjamAna hai| yadyapi kalA ke dRSTikoNa se ye guphAeM utanI mahatvapUrNa nahIM para itihAsa ke dRSTikoNa se inakA mahatva hai| aura tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI lokapriyatA ko siddha karatI hai| - prayAga tathA kauzAmbI ke samIpa pabhosA nAmaka sthAna para do zuMga kAlIna lipi ko pradarzita karatI I.pU. dvitIya zatI kI guphAe~ haiN| ina lekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki ye guphAe~ pArzva sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM ko dAna meM dI gayI thiiN| isa lekha ke kathya se isa bAta ke paryApta saMketa milate haiM ki pArzva sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM kA zAsana para dabadabA thA evaM unheM rAjakIya sammAna tathA saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| ___ hameM zreya denA cAhiye suprasiddha jarmana vidvAna harmana yAkobI ko jinhoMne jaina evaM bauddha sAhitya ke sUkSma adhyayana dvArA mahAvIra ke pUrva nirgrantha sampradAya ke astitva ko siddha kiyA aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI

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264 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsikatA evaM tatkAlIna lokapriyatA ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kA gurukArya kiyaa| bauddha granthoM meM AkhyAyita cAturyAma evaM use nirgrantha nAtaputra kA dharma batAne kA sambandha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se hai| sambhava hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI asIma lokapriyatA ne samakAlIna racanAdharmiyoM ko apane-apane sarjanAtmaka mAdhyamoM meM pArzvanAtha ko pratIka rUpa meM pratiSThita karane ke liye abhiprerita kiyA ho| isa kathya ke samarthana meM hama jinasena kRta kAvya pArvAbhyudaya ko parigaNita kara sakate haiM jisakA racanA kAla navIM zatI kA hai| AgAmI zatI meM vAdirAja ne pArzvanAtha carita kI racanA kii| tadanantara terahavIM tathA caudahavIM zatI meM mANikyacandra aura bhAva deva sUri ne bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko kendrita kara carita kAvya likhe| pandrahavIM zatI meM sakalakIrti ne tathA solahavIM zatI meM padmasundara, hemavijaya tathA candrakIrti ne apanI racanAe~ likhiiN| padma mAdhyama kI sarasatA evaM sampreSaNIyatA ke bAvajUda, sambhava hai ki apanA alaga sthAna nirmita karane ke uddezya se udayavIra gaNI ne gadya kI vidyA ko apanA mAdhyama banAyA aura pArzvanAtha caritra kI racanA kii| bhagavatI vyAkhyA prajJapti meM bhI vibhinna sthAnoM para pArkhApatyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha mahAvIra pUrva kAla meM sirpha ArAdhya deva hI nahIM the, pASANa-utkIrNa mAdhyama kI prastuti nahIM the. pratyut racanAdharmI saMsAra ke saba se adhika svIkArya pratIka the| unakA cAturyAma dharma tatkAlIna samAja ko prabhAvita kara rahA thA aura isa prabhAva kA vikAsa mahAvIra ne mahAvratoM ke mAdhyama se kiyaa| yaha atyukti nahIM hogI yadi hama kaheM ki bauddha dharma ke varcasva evaM use prApta rAjyAzraya ke bIca bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke siddhAntoM ko, unakI avadhAraNAoM ko yadi bhAratIya samAja akSuNNa rakha sakA to isa bAta kA zreya usa kAlajayI kI upasargoM ke bIca sAdhanA ke prayogoM ko utkarSa taka pahu~cAne kI pratibaddhatA aura mAnavIya iyattA ke prati sampUrNa karuNA ko vitIrNa karane vAlI dRSTi ko diyA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja mahAvIra ke zAsana kAla meM bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI lokapriyatA akSuNNa rahI hai| .

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM : lakSaNa aura vaiziSTya - DA. mArutinandana tivArI pArzvanAtha vartamAna avasarpiNI ke 23veM tIrthaMkara aura aitihAsika vyakti ke rUpa meM mAnya haiN.| saMmabhavata: jaina dharma kI sthApanA pArzvanAtha dvArA kI gayI aura mahAvIra ne pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma (satya, ahiMsA, asteya aparigraha) meM brahmacarya ko jor3akara paMcamahAvratoM kA upadeza diyaa| bhAratIya kalA meM ni:sandeha isI kAraNa mahAvIra kI tulanA meM pArzvanAtha kI adhika mUrtiyAM ukerI gayIM aura unameM lakSaNaparaka vaividhya bhI adhika milatA hai| pArzvanAtha ke svatantra mandira bhI adhika haiN| prastuta lekha meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke vikAsa ko unake lakSaNoM evaM vaiziSTya ke sandarbha meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| . . pArzvanAtha kA lAMchana sarpa hai jise mUrtiyoM meM devagar3ha evaM dakSiNa bhArata * ke kucha udAharaNoM ke atirikta sAmAnyata: pIThikA para nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| isake sthAna para pAsanAhacariu (padmakIrtikRta 1077 I.), uttara-purANa (guNabhadrakRta - navIM zatI I.)2 evaM triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra himacandrakRta-12vI zatI I.)3 jaise granthoM meM varNita kathA ke anurUpa pArzvanAtha ke zIrSabhAga meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke aMkana kI paramparA mUrtiyoM meM milatI hai, jo kabhI-kabhI tIna aura gyAraha sarpaphaNoM ke rUpa meM bhI dRSTavya hai| yahAM ullekhanIya hai, ki paumacariya (vimalasUrikRta-473 I.) meM pArzvanAtha ke sira para dharaNendra nAga ke phaNoM kA prArambhika sandarbha milatA hai jaba ki Agama granthoM meM isakA anullekha hai| dUsarI aura * vibhAgAdhyakSa, kalA-itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI

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266 ___ tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha zuMga-kuSANa kAla se hI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM hameM zIrSa bhAga meM sarpaphaNoM kA chatra milatA hai| sAtha hI nAgarAja dharaNendra unake yakSa aura nAgadevI padmAvatI unakI yakSI ke rUpa meM nirUpita hai| isa prakAra pArzvanAtha ke sAtha nAga kA sambandha loka paramparA meM nAga pUjana kI mAnyatA aura jaina dharma meM usakI svIkRti kA saMketa detA hai| sAtha hI pArzvanAtha kA ziva kI nagarI vArANasI yA kAzI meM janma aura yahIM kaivalya kI prApti. tathA ziva ke sAtha nAgoM kA abhinna sambandha bhI isa sandarbha meM vicAraNIya hai| yaha mAtra saMyoga nahIM hai ki sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se sambaddha sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kA janma aura kaivalya sthala bhI vArANasI hI thaa| ___ pArzvanAtha kI prAcInatama mUrti prathama zatI I. pU. kI hai aura kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA se prApta jaina AyAga paTa para ukerI hai jisakI. sthApanA zivaghoSaka kI patnI ne karAyI thii| sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita pArzvanAtha dhyAna-mudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| yaha mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU (kramAMka je. 253) meM surakSita hai| lagabhaga pahalI zatI I.pU. ke antima caraNa yA pahalI zatI I. kI pArzvanAtha kI do anya svatantra mUrtiyAM kramaza: causA (bhojapura, bihAra) evaM priMsa oNva velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI se milI haiM, jinameM sAta ke sthAna para pAMca sarpa phaNoM kA chatra dikhAyA gayA hai| donoM udAharaNoM meM nirvastra pArzvanAtha kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki bAdAmI (guphA 4) aura ayahola (jaina guphA) kI lagabhaga prArambhika sAtavIM zatI kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI I. taka pArzvanAtha ke sAtha pAMca aura sAta donoM hI sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM ke aMkana kI paramparA pracalita thI aura lagabhaga AThavIM-navIM zatI meM jinoM ke lAMchanoM-lakSaNoM ke nirdhAraNa ke bAda hI pAMca sarpaphaNoM kA chatra kevala tIrthakara supArzvanAtha ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA / kuSANa kAla meM RSabhanAtha ke bAda pArzvanAtha kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huii| vakSasthala meM zrIvatsa cinhita ye mUrtiyAM mathurA aura causA se milI haiN| inameM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita pArzvanAtha sarvadA nirvastra

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tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM : lakSaNa aura vaiziSTya 267 haiN| causA kI mUtiyoM meM pArzvanAtha (paTanA saMgrahAlaya, kramAMka 6531, 6533) kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| jina caumukhI yA sarvatobhadra pratimAoM kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM ke atirikta mathurA kI adhikAMza kuSANa mUrtiyoM meM samprati pArzvanAtha ke kevala mastaka aura unapara pradarzita sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra hI surakSita haiN| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM pArzvanAtha kI tIna dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM bhI saMgrahIta haiM / kuSANa kAlIna udAharaNoM meM pArzvanAtha ke mastaka para pradarzita sarpaphaNoM ko svastika, dharmacakra triratna, zrIvatsa, kalaza, matsya yugala aura padma jaise mAMgalika cinhoM se zobhita dikhAyA gayA hai| guptakAla (400-550 I.) meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM aSTa-prAtihAryoM kA aMkana bhI prArambha ho gayA / akoTA (bar3audA, gujarAta) kI chaThI-sAtavI zatI I. kI maitraka mUrtiyoM meM pArzvanAtha ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa bhI prArambha huA, kintu pAramparika yakSa-yakSI (dharaNendra-padmAvatI) ke sthAna para inameM neminAtha ke sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera) aura ambikA rUpAyita haiN| yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki gujarAta-rAjasthAna kI paravartI mUrtiyoM (sAtavI-13vI zatI I.) meM bhI pArzvanAtha ke sAtha sAmAnyata: sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA hI nirUpita haiN| pArzvanAtha ke atirikta anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha bhI zvetAmbara sthaloM para yahI yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita hue haiN| pArzvanAtha kI guptakAlIna mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa mukhyata: mathurA (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kramAMka 100, purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA, kramAMka 18.1505), udayagiri (guphA 20-pAMcavI zatI I.), evaM nayanA (pannA, madhyapradeza) se mile haiN| sAtavIM zatI I. kI mUrtiyAM akoTA (dillI), bAdAmI (guphA 4) evaM ayahola (bIjApura, karnATaka) se prApta huI hai| bAdAmI evaM ayahola kI mUrtiyoM meM pArzvanAtha kI tapazcaryA ke samaya upasthita kiye gaye meghamAlI yA zambara (pUrvabhava ke bairI kamaTha) ke upasargoM kA aMkana prArambha huA jisakA sarvAdhika vistRta utkIrNana elorA kI jaina guphAoM (saM. 30-34) kI navIM se 10vIM zatI I. ke madhya kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM huA hai| lagabhaga cauthI-pAMcavI zatI I. kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kramAMka je 100) meM pArzvanAtha nirvastra haiM aura unake

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268 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dakSiNa pArzva meM eka puruSa tathA vAma pArzva meM sarpaphaNoM se yukta chatradhAriNI sevikA nirUpita haiN| yaha dharaNendra-padmAvatI kA prArambhika aMkana hai| sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (kramAMka 18.1505) kI chaThI zatI I. kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti meM bhI pArzvanAtha ke donoM ora sarpaphaNa ke chatra vAlI dharaNendra-padamAvatI kI AkRtiyAM ukerI haiN| dharaNendra ke hAtha meM cAmara aura padmAvatI ke hAtha meM chatra haiN| nacanA se prApta aura tulasI saMgrahAlaya, rAmavana meM surakSita pAMcavIM zatI I. kI manojJa dhyAnasthaM mUrti meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle pArzvanAtha ke donoM ora cAmaradhArI sevaka rUpAyita haiN| akoTA se pArzvanAtha kI sAtavIM zatI I. kI ATha zvetAmbara mUrtiyAM milI haiM jinameM se eka meM hI pArzva kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura mUrti kI pIThikA para dvibhujI nAga-nAgI kI ardhasarpAkAra mUrtiyAM banI haiM, jo vastuta: : pArzva yakSa aura padmAvatI yakSI kI AkRtiyAM haiN| inakA eka hAtha abhaya-mudrA meM hai aura dUsare meM sambhavata: phala haiN| akoTA kI anya dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA haiM aura pIThikA para ATha grahoM kA bhI aMkana huA hai| osiyAM ke balAnaka (jodhapura, rAjasthAna - 1019 I.) evaM vimala vasahI (sirohI rAjasthAna - 12vI zatI I.) kI pArzvanAtha kI do dhyAnastha zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI-pArzva aura padmAvatI kA aMkana milatA hai| osiyAM kI mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sarpaphaNoM vAle haiN| vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 4 kI dhyAnastha mUrti (1188 I.) meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke sAtha hI pIThikA lekha meM pArzvanAtha kA nAma bhI diyA hai| kUrma para Arur3ha evaM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle caturbhuja pArzva yakSa ko nirvANakalikA (18.23) ke anurUpa gajamukha dikhAyA gayA hai jo brAhmaNa paramparA ke gaNeza kA smaraNa karAtA hai| yakSa ke karoM meM paramparAnurUpa sarpa, sarpa evaM dhana ke thaile ke sAtha hI modaka-pAtra bhI pradarzita haiN| zvetAmbara zilpazAstroM meM modakapAtra kA anulekha hai aura yaha sIdhe yakSa ke gaja mukha hone aura isa prakAra gaNeza se sambandhita hone kA pratiphala hai| tIna

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM : lakSaNa aura vaiziSTya 269 sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI caturbhajA padmAvatI paramparAnurupa kukkuTa-sarpa para ArUr3ha haiM aura karoM meM padma, pAza, aMkuza evaM phala se yukta haiM / 12 zvetAmbara sthaloM kI kucha pArzvanAtha mUrtiyoM meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA ke siroM para bhI sarpaphaNoM kA chatra dikhAyA gayA hai| ___ khujarAho, devagar3ha evaM uttara bhArata ke anya digambara sthaloM para pArzvanAtha ke sAtha sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra kA pradarzana niyamita thaa| pArzvavartI cAmaradhArI yA hAtha jor3e dharaNendra evaM chatradhAriNI padmAvatI kA niyamita aura sarpaphaNoM ke chatra sahita rUpAyana huA hai| inake sAtha hI siMhAsana choroM para dvibhuja yA caturbhuja dharaNendra-padmAvatI kA bhI aMkana huA hai| madhyakAlIna pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM parikara meM mahAvidyAoM, navagrahoM evaM sarasvatI kI laghu AkRtiyAM bhI ukerI gii| - pArzvanAtha kI tapazcaryA meM upasthita upasargoM ke zilpAMkana kI dRSTi se elorA kI mUrtiyAM (9vI-10vI zatI I.) atimahatvapUrNa haiN| isa sthala para pArzvanAtha kI kula 31 mUrtiyAM haiM, jinameM se nau udAharaNoM meM pArzvanAtha dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| anya sabhI udAharaNoM (22) meM pArzvanAtha 'nirvastra aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiN| adhikAMzata: pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM meghamAlI (zambara) ke upasargoM kA vistRta aMkana huA hai. aura ye mUrtiyAM sAmAnyata: maNDapoM meM pratiSThita haiM jisake ThIka sAmane maNDapoM meM gommaTezvara bAhubalI kI tapasyArata kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM ukerI haiN| gahana sAdhanA kI pratIka pArzvanAtha aura bAhubalI donoM kI mUrtiyoM kA Amane-sAmane aMkana bhI eka dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| guphA saMkhyA 32 meM hI akele 12 mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| smaraNIya hai ki pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyo meM upasargoM kA aMkana sarvaprathama bAdAmI aura ayahola (lagabhaga 600 I.) kI mUrtiyoM meM huA hai| mAlAdevI mandira (gyArasapura, madhya pradeza), bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA evaM humyA (zibhogA, karnATaka) ke kucha anya udAharaNoM meM hI pArzvanAtha mUrtiyoM meM upasargoM kA aMkana huA hai| - marubhUti (10veM bhava meM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha) ke prati kamaTha (meghamAlI yA zambara) ke pUrva janmoM ke vaira bhAva ke kAraNa pArzvanAtha kI tapazcaryA meM

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270 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha meghazAlI ya zambara dvArA upasthita upasargoM kI vistRta kathA zvetAmbara evaM digambara granthoM meM lagabhaga AThavIM-navIM zatI I. se milane lagatI hai aura isa kathA kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI mUrtiyoM meM upasargoM kA vistRta aMkana huaa| ullekhanIya hai ki kevala digambara sthaloM kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM hI zambara ke upasargoM kA aMkana milatA hai| zvetAmbara sthaloM para kevala kumbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta) ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM (11vI zatI I.) ke vitAnoM para utkIrNa pArzvanAtha ke jIvanacarita ke zilpAMkana ke prasaMga meM hI paMcakalyANakoM ke sAtha upasargoM kA bhI vistRta zilpAMkana huA hai| granthoM meM zambara ke upasargoM ke prasaMga meM hI nAgarAja dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI upasthiti kA sandarbha milatA hai| kathAoM meM pUrvabhavoM ke upasargoM ke sAtha hI 10veM bhava meM pArzvanAtha kI tapasyA meM zambara dvArA upasthita kiye gaye vikaTa upasargoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jisake anusAra zambara ne vajra, zilAkhaNDa evaM anya sAMghAtika astroM (bANa, zUla, mudgara, parazu) se pArzvanAtha para prahAra karane ke sAtha hI zArdUla, kapi, zvAn, sarpa, zUkara, mahiSa, gaja, vRSabha jaise pazuoM tathA vaitAla, pizAca, DAkinI ke mAdhyama se bhI unake dhyAna ko bhaMga karane kA asaphala yatna kiyA thaa| antata: zambara ne bhISaNa varSA ke jala meM pArzvanAtha ko Dubo dene kA yatna kiyA aura usI krama meM varSA ke jala ke kandhoM ke Upara yA nAsAgra taka pahuMcane para devaloka se nAgarAja dharaNendra apanI zakti padamAvatI sahita upasthita hue aura pArzvanAtha ko sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM para uThAkara sira para sAta sarpaphaNoM kI chAyA kara dii| padmAvatI ne usake Upara vajramaya chatra kI chAyA kara dii| isa kathA kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI mUrtiyoM meM dharaNendra aura chatradhAriNI padmAvatI kA aMkana huaa| antata: kamaTha (zambara) ne bhI parAjaya svIkAra kara kSamAyAcanA kI jise elorA kI mUrtiyoM meM dikhAyA gayA hai| elorA kI mUrtiyoM meM zambara ke upasargoM kA sarvAdhika jIvanta aura vistRta aMkana huA hai| elorA meM anya sthaloM se alaga dharaNendra kI mAnavAkRti ke sthAna para sarpa ke rUpa meM hI upasthiti darazAyI gayI hai,

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271 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM : lakSaNa aura vaiziSTya jisake phaNa pArzvanAtha ke mastaka para chAyA kara rahe haiN| padmAvatI anya sthaloM kI bhAMti chatradhAriNI aura sarvAlaMkRta dikhAyI gayI hai| asura ke vikaTa upasargoM kI sthiti meM bhI pArzvanAtha kA zAnta aura avicalita svarUpa AdhyAtmika aura sAtvika zakti ke vijaya kA jIvanta rUpAMkana bana gayA __ elorA kI upasargoM kA aMkana karane vAlI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM aSTaprAtihAryoM meM se kisI prAtihArya kA na dikhAyA jAnA arthapUrNa hai| inameM pIThikA para zAsana devatAoM ke rUpa meM yakSa aura yakSI kI bhI AkRtiyAM nahIM banI haiN| ni:sandeha elorA tathA pUrva kI bAdAmI evaM ayahola kI ye mUrtiyAM pArzvanAtha kI tapazcaryA ke antima caraNa kA zilpAMkana haiM jisake bAda hI pArzvanAtha kaivalya prApta kara tIrthaMkara hue| ata: ye mUrtiyAM pArzvanAtha ke tIrthaMkara pada para pratiSThita hone ke pUrva kI mUrtiyAM haiN| saMdarbha 1.. pAsanAhacariu, 14.26. . 2. uttarapurANa, 73. 139-140. 3. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, khaM. 5, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja 139, bar3odA, 1962, pR. 394-96, pArzvanAthaMcaritra, 6. 192-93. 4. paumacariya, 35.56-57, 10.45-46. 5. tiloyapaNNatti, 4.604-605, pravacanasArodvAra, 381-82. 6. . 'eka: paMca nava ca phaNA:, supArzve saptame jine| bI.sI. bhaTTAcArya, di jaina AikanaugrAphI, lAhaura, 1939, pR. 60 tripaMcaphaNa : supArzva : pArzva : saptanadastavathA / vAstuvidyA, 22.27. 7. tIna udAharaNa rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je. 96, je. 113, je. 114) evaM do anya kramaza: bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (20748) evaM purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (bI. 62) meM haiN| 8. je. 39, je. 69, je. 75.

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272 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 9. rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je. 39, je. 113 evaM purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (bI. 62) / 10. aSTa prAtihArya haiM : azoka vRkSa, devadundubhi, surapuSpavRSTi, trichatra, cAmara, siMhAsana, divyadhvani, prabhAmaNDala - paumacariya 2.35-36. harivaMzapurANa, 3.31-38. 11. mAruti nandana tivArI, jaina pratimA vijJAna, vArANasI, 1981, pR. 128, 233, 238. 12. nirvANakalikA 18.23, pArzvanAthacaritra, 7.829-30 ... triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9.3.364-365.. 13. pArzvabhyudaya kAvya (jinasenakRta) sarga 4, zloka 45-48, uttarapurANa (guNabhadrakRta), sarga 73, zloka 136-40, pAsanAhacariu / (padamakIrtikRta 1077 I.) sarga 14, zloka 4-30, triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacaritra himacandrakRta), gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, 139, bar3audA, 1962, khaM. 5, pR. 356-392. 14. mAruti nandana tivArI, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR. 132-34. /

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zaila citrakalA saMpadA aura bha. pArzvanAtha ___ - DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina* ___ vartamAna jaina paraMparA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI virAsata hai isase pUrvavartI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paraMparAgata tIrthaMkara virAsata hai lekina pAzcAtya aitihAsika purAtAtvika buddhiM binA kisI sAkSya yA pramANa ke cupa baiThane vAlI kahAM thii| jaina paraMparA ke lie zraddhA ke kAraNa jo bAta asaMdigdha thI usI ke viSaya meM vaijJAnika dRSTi se evaM aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karane vAle taTastha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne saMdeha prakaTa kiyA ki pArzvanAtha Adi pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke astitva meM kyA koI aitihAsika pramANa hai| isakA pratyuttara sahI-sahI jaina vidvAnoM ko denA cAhie thA lekina ve na de ske| aMtata: DaoN. harmana jaikobI jaise pAzcAtya jarmana vidvAna Age Ae aura unhoMne sarvaprathama samasta vizva ke sAmane purAtAtvika aitihAsika dRSTi se anveSaNa evaM zodha karake akATya pramANoM ke AdhAra para batAyA ki jaina dharma ke tIrthakara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika haiN| isa viSaya meM jaikobI ne jo pramANa sthApita kie unameM jaina AgamoM ke atirikta bauddha piTaka kA bhI samAveza kiyaa| bauddha piTaka gata ullekhoM se jaina Agama gata varNanoM ke mela se itihAsakAroM kI sthiti dRr3hatara huI ki mahAvIra se pUrva pArzvanAtha hue haiN| jaikobI dvArA pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA sthApita hote hI vicAraka aura gaveSaNA karane vAle vidvAnoM ko upalabdha jaina Agama aneka bAtoM ke lie aitihAsika dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva ke siddha hue aura pAzcAtya vidvAna bhI jaina AgamoM kA adhyayana karane lge| phalata: bhAratIya jaina vidvAnoM tathA pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne jaina AgamoM ke AdhAra para zodhaparaka sAmagrI taiyAra karake usakA prakAzana kiyaa| isakA prabhAva. yaha * gvAliyara

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274 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha huA ki dhIre-dhIre rUr3ha aura zraddhAlu jaina varga kA dhyAna bhI aitihAsika dRSTi se zrRta adhyayana karane kI ora jAne lagA; yaha saMtoSa kI bAta hai| - zailakalA vastue~ tathA citrakArI mAnavatA ke itihAsa ke mahatvapUrNa pRSTha haiM ve usa kahAnI ke bIca ke sthala haiM jisakI zurUAta mAnava dvArA lagabhaga 25 lAkha varSa pUrva pahalI bAra sAMskRtika ghaTanA ke rUpa meM huI thI jinake avazeSa abhI bhI upalabdha hote haiN| mAnava ne guphAoM meM citrakArI karake prAraMmbhika kalA racanAeM kI haiN| zailakalA ke prAcInatama pramANa yUropa aura aphrIkA meM milate haiM jinakI gaNanA 40 hajAra varSa pUrva nirdhArita kI jAtI hai| zailakalA ke itane purAne pramANa duniyA ke sabhI hissoM meM nahIM milte| lagabhaga 200 zaila kalA sthala deza meM jJAta haiM jinameM 2000 zailAzraya aura hajAroM kI mAtrA meM citra upalabdha haiN| apane deza meM sarvAdhika sthala madhya bhArata kSetra meM haiN| bhImaveTikA zailaMkalA sthala ke rUpa meM paryaTakoM aura sAmAnya janasaMkhyA ke bIca atyadhika jAnI pahacAnI jagaha hai| cUMki zaila citra kalA viSaya para nyUnatama mAtrA meM zodha hue haiM ata: isa viSaya kI jAnakArI bhI birale logoM ko hai| ye zaila citra bIhar3a jaMgaloM ekAMta durgama sthAnoM para hI milate haiM isalie sAmAnya manuSya kI pahuMca aura jAnakArI se dUra haiN| ____merA eka zodha Alekha zodhAdarza meM 1984 ke aMka meM 'hathaphorakI raMgazAlA' nAma se prakAzita huA thA jisameM bha. RSabhadeva ke zailakalA citroM kI jAnakArI dI thii| abhI anekAMta ke apraila/jUna 97 aMka meM jogImArA/sItAveMgA ke bhitticitra nAma se Alekha meM bhI isI viSaya para zodhapUrNa sAmagrI dekara jaina vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA thaa| 'pabhoSAgiri kI zailacitrakalA, sampUrNa mAnavatA kI virAsata' nAma se eka Alekha jaina kalAdarza meM mArca 1997 meM prakAzita huaa| DaoN. lAlamohammada rijavI ne apane patra dinAMka 1-5-1994 meM likhA thA ki Adamagar3ha trailAzrayoM meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke citra dekhe gae haiN| Adamagar3ha kI pahAr3iyAM (guphAaiM jaina zailAzraya) iTArasI aura hozaMgAbAda ke

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zaila citrakalA saMpadA aura bha. pArzvanAtha 275 madhya povAra kher3A ke pAsa haiN| patra pAte hI maiMne vahAM ke phorasTa oNphIsara se saMmparka kiyaa| unhoMne sahayoga/saujanya dene kA AzvAsana dekara mujhe Azvasta kiyaa| Adamagar3ha vIrAna pahAr3iyAM haiM jisakI eka ora patthara kI khadAneM haiN| yahAM sAta zailAzraya haiM jinameM guphAeM haiM jinake aMdara jaina zailacitra haiN| ina citroM ko sapheda, lAla tathA kAle raMga se banAyA gayA hai| kahIM kahIM pIle raMga kA AbhAsa bhI milatA hai, ise ur3e hue lAla raMga kA avazeSa mAnA jAtA hai| sapheda raMga khar3iyA hai lAla raMga hiroMjI tathA kAlA raMga harrA nAmaka phala se taiyAra kiyA. gayA hai| kamaTha zaTha upasarga kI citrAkRtiyAM guphA kI khuradarI dIvAra para binA kisI astara ke car3hAe hI citra aMkita kie gae haiN| kahIM-kahIM cUne kA halkA sA palastara hai| ye citra iMdirA gAMdhI mAnava saMgrahAlaya ke vizeSajJa DI.ke. jaina tathA DAirekTara DaoN. zrI ke.ke. cakravartI ke anusAra 3 hajAra varSa prAcIna haiN| ..bha. pArzvanAtha aura unakI virAsata se sambandhita zaila citra vidizA ke samIpa satadhArA meM bhI mile haiN| yahAM halAlI nadI ke kinAre bhAratIya .purAtatva vibhAga dvArA khudAI meM jaina stUpa nikale haiN| inakI saMkhyA lagabhaga 50 hai| eka ke bAda eka sthaloM para upalabdha citroM ko bArIkI se dekheM to * lagatA hai jaise pratyeka sthala kA apanA lAkSaNika mahatva hai vyaktitva hai jo saMbhavataH isa kSetra para bhinna bhinna samayoM kI sAMskRtika vizeSatAoM ke kAraMNa nivAsiyoM dvArA kie gae citrAMkana meM pratibiMbita hotA hai| adhikAMza citra tatkAlIna jIvanayApana tathA pUjA paddhati se sambandhita haiN| sAMcI se bhopAla jAte samaya eka rAstA satadhArA ke lie jAtA hai| isa mor3a se nau ki. mI. vIhar3a jaMgala meM yaha sthAna hai| yahAM para koI AvAgamana kA sthAI mArga nahIM hai na hI sAdhana upalabdha hai| apanI jIpa Adi se pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| purAtatva vibhAga kI dekha-rekha meM abhI kAma calane se phoTogrAphI karanA manA hai kyoM ki isa sAmagrI kA prakAzana nahIM huA hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha jaise zailacitra bhopAla ke iMdirAgAMdhI mAnava saMgrahAlaya zyAmalA hilsa meM sthita zailAzraya kraM. 23 meM bhI haiN| zailAzraya kra.. 17 cunautIpUrNa viSama kSetra para hai| paMcayati nagna digaMbara yA paMcaparameSThI kA

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276 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha citrAMkana hai sAtha hI sarpo kI phaNAvaliyAM bhI haiN| adhikAMza zailakalA sthala dUra darAja ke vIhar3oM va durgama kSetroM meM hote haiM kalA kI paridhi se bAhara jAkara racI gii| purAtana zailakalA ko pUrNata: samajha pAnA yadyapi abhItaka saMbhava nahIM ho pAyA hai, yaha sarvamAnya anumAna hai ki isake artha kAphI vyApaka rahe hoNge| zailakalA darzana AnaMda ke sAtha-sAtha bauddhika cunautiyAM bhI dete haiN| zailakalA citra sirpha eka rekhAMkana ke rUpa meM aura bahuta dhUmila milate haiM inake pAsa taka pahuMcanA aura inakI khoja karanA bahuta Ter3hA kAma hai| inake phoTogrApha lenA bhI duSkara hai sAdhAraNa kaimarA aura phlaiza se inake phoTo nahIM lie jA skte| kucha zailacitra laiminaiTer3a bhI milate haiM jinase camaka AtI hai isalie phoTo nahIM lie jA skte| aMdherI zaila guphAoM meM : praveza karanA bhI khatare se khAlI nahIM hotA, jaharIle jIva jantu, hiMsaka jAnavaroM kA bhI bhaya sadaiva rahatA hai| pabhoSAgiri para jo zaila citra haiN| unameM sarpa phaNAvaliyoM vAle devatA ke citra bhI haiM yahAM pahuMcane ke lie gvAloM ke putroM ke sAtha jAnA saMbhava huA thaa| ina guphAoM meM haDDiyoM ke Dhera bhI mile hiMsaka jAnavaroM kI AvAjeM bhI sunAI diiN| isa abhiyAna meM DaoN. phUla canda premI bhI mere sAtha kucha sthaloM para gae the| zivapurI nezanala pArka meM cuDaila kI chAja eka jagaha hai yahAM 5 painala zailakalA citroM ke haiN| eka sthAna para bhUrA kho hai yahAM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke kAle aura nIle zaila citra milate haiM jo maiMne 5 varSa pUrva dekhe the| ina citroM ke pAsa 'duvakena kArati' prAkRta zabda likhe haiM jo saMbhavata: citrakAra ke hastAkSara haiN| zaila citroM kA kAla nirdhAraNa adhikatara sApekSika vidhiyoM se kiyA gayA hai jinameM satahoM kA adhyayana mukhya AdhAra hotA hai| usI zailAzraya se sAMskRtika avazeSoM kA jamIna meM jamAva jaba khudAI dvArA bAhara nikAlA jAtA hai to avazya aise saMketa milate haiM jinakA saMbandha zaila citroM se jor3A jA sakatA hai lekina taba bhI suspaSTatA ke abhAva meM yaha saMbhava nahIM hotA

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zaila citrakalA saMpadA aura bha. pArzvanAtha ki sIdhA saTIka kAla nirdhAraNa kiyA jA ske| jahAM maiM ina citroM ko pArzvanAtha bhagavAn se jor3a rahA hU~ saMbhava hai ye citra supArzvanAtha ke hoM isase ina citroM kI paraMparA aura adhika purAnI calI jAtI hai / 277 gopAcala parvata eka patthara kI bAvar3I para sthita 42 phuTa padmAsana mUrti jise pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kahA jAtA hai vastutaH supArzvanAtha jI kI hai jo tomaraM zAsaka DUMgarasiMha ne 1400vIM zatAbdI meM banavAI thI / gvAliyara ke pAsa mohanA kasbA bhI hai yahAM tAmra pASANa ke zailacitra upalabdha hue haiN| adhikAMzataH zailacitra eka dUsare para aMkita pAe jAte haiN| isa taraha citroM kI kaI sataheM aura pratyeka sataha meM kisI khAsa samaya banAe gae citra hone kI saMbhAvanA spaSTata: banatI hai / pratyeka sataha ke citra alaga alaga nikAlakara dekhane para unakA adhyayana suvidhAjanaka hotA hai / zailakalA ke adhyetA zailAzrayoM meM jAkara citroM kI TresiMga isa taraha karate haiM ki satahoM ko alaga alaga kiyA jAsake / sva. padmazrI DaoN. vAkanakara ujjaina ne isa kSetra meM gahana sarvekSaNa kiyA * hai| unake vyaktigata myUjiyama meM aise zailacitroM ke phoTogrApha dekhe jA sakate * haiM / iMdirA gAMdhI mAnava saMgrahAlaya meM 22 zailAzraya mUlarUpa meM surakSita haiN| jinakI abhI vartamAna meM khoja kI gaI hai| aba sabase bar3A kAma jaina zailAzrayoM ko saMrakSita karane kA hai| lagAtAra pattharoM kI kaTAI se inake samApta hone kI pUrI-pUrI saMbhAvanA hai| inakA sUcIkaraNa bhI Avazyaka hai / eka nayI sUcanA ke AdhAra para patA calA hai ki kamboDiyA yA thAIlaiNDa meM bhI aise citra mile haiM jo jaina supArzva / pArzvanAtha se sAmyatA rakhate haiM / mIjola nAmaka sthAna para inheM khojA gayA hai|

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278 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha saMdarbha 1. DaoN. harmana jaikobI That Parsva was a historical person, is now admitted by all as very probable. (Sacred books of the East, Vol. XLV. Introduc tion pp XXI-XXXIII. 2. samaNassaNaM mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro pAsAvaccijja samaNovAsagAyAvi hotthaa| AcArAMga, 2 bhAvacUlikA 3, sUtra 401 . __ The name (pUrva ) itself testifies to the fact that the Purvas were superseded by a new canon, for purva means 'former' or earlier. 'Sacred books of the East', Vol. XXII, Inrtroduction PXLIV.

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mAthurI zilpa meM durlabha pAAMkana ___ - DA. zailendra kumAra rastogI* bhAratIya zilpa jagata meM sthAna vizeSa jahAM para adhikAMza kalA kRtiyAM upalabdha haI haiM usI ke nAma usa kalA ko abhihita karane kI paramparA pAte haiN| yathA bhashUta (madhya pradeza), amarAvatI, (dakSiNa bhArata), magadha (bihAra) evaM sAranAtha (vArANasI, uttara pradeza) kI taraha mathurA zailI kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| cUMki mathurA isa kalA kA kendra rahA hai, ata: bhAratIya kalA rasikoM ne ise mAthurI-zilpa kI saMjJA pradAna kii| .. kalA tIrtha mathurA meM brAhmaNa, bauddha evaM jaina kalA kA vRhata saMgama huA pratIta hotA hai| vahAM kI bhUmi se nikalI huI kitanI hI kalA kRtiyAM deza videza evaM vyaktigata saMgrahAlayoM kI zobhA bar3hA rahI haiN| Aja bhI isa kSetra * se kalA ratna milate hI rahate haiN| .. jaina zAsana ke 23veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ati loka-priya pratIta hote haiM taba hI to inakI pratimAyeM sarvAdhika yatra-tatra sarvatra upalabdha hotI haiN| inheM prastara, dhAtu, kAgaja, kASTha, vastra ke sAtha hI bahumUlya ratnoM para bhI rUpAyita pAte haiN| bha. pArzvanAtha ko AyAgapaTTa, svataMtra, tritIrthI, sarvatobhadra, paMca-tIrthI, caturvizatpaTa, mAnastambha evaM aSTottarazata pratimAoM ke madhya kAyotsarga - khar3e athavA padmAsana meM dhyAnalIna baiThe virAjita pAte ... inakI pratimA lekha rahita yA lekha yukta donoM hI prakAra kI upalabdha huI haiN| vArANasI ke rAjA azvasena evaM rAnI vAmA kI santAna pArzvanAtha ne tapa kI tuSTi ke artha rAjakIya vilAsa kA jIvana tyAga diyA thaa| * pUrva nidezaka, rAma kathA saMgrahAlaya, ayodhyA, lakhanaU

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280 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha vArANasI meM brAhmaNa kumAra kamaTha aura kucha tApasI bAlaka lakar3I jalA rahe the inake pAsa jAkara bole ki ina lakkar3oM ko jalA kara kyoM jIva hiMsA karate ho yaha sunakara tApasI jhallAye aura bole - kahAM hai jIva? taba kumAra ne tApasI ke pAsa se kulhAr3I uThA kara jyoM hI jalatI lakar3I ko cIrA to usameM se nAga-nAgina kA jalatA huA jor3A niklaa| taba se pArzva udAsa rahane lge| "ghoropasarga vijavina jina pArzvanAtha" jaba ye ghora tapa rata the tabhI Upara se unake pUrva janama kA bairI kamaTha kahIM jArahA thA dekhate hI usakA pUrva saMcita vaira bhAva bhar3aka uThA vaha inake Upara IToM aura pattharoM kI varSA karane lgaa| jaba isase pArzva vicalita na hae toM mUsalAdhAra jalavRSTi kii| aise ghora upasarga ke samaya nAga nAgina pAtAla loka meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI huye the ve apane upakArI ke Upara upasarga huA jAnakara turanta aaye| dharaNendra ne sahastra kaNa vAle sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara pArzva para phanAToka kara diyA aura padmAvatI ne unapara chavaM lagA diyaa| isa kamaTha upasarga kA varNana digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI granthoM tiloyapaNNati, uttarapurANa, pAsaNAhacariu, trizatizalAkApuruSa carita, uttarapurANa zrI pArzvanAhacariyama, pArzvanAtha caritra evaM kalyANa maMdira stotra meM varNita pAte haiN| anabhilikhita aMkana - padmAvatI evaM dharaNendra ke madhya pArzva lAla cittIdAra vAle patthara para sAta phaNoM ke nIce bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko kAyotsarga mudrA meM nirvastra darzAyA gayA hai (citr-1)| dAMyI ora mukuTadhArI dharaNendra saptaphaNa ke nIce pArzvanAtha kI ora nihArate - divavIkSaNatatpara' khar3e haiN| bAMI ora mahArAnI padmAvatI sarpa phaNaM ke nIce uThAye hue chatra kA daMDa lie darzAyI gayI haiN| yUM to ahicchatrA (sAtavIM zatI, bhAratIya kalA saMgrahAlaya kalakattA), ehola (sAtavIM zatI), bAdAmI (navIM zatI) tathA vizeSa ullekhayoga pArasapura madhya pradeza kI navIM zatI kI mUrti vikToriyA alabarTa myUjiyama meM ena.AI.esa. 18-1556 hai .evaM elorA 10vI zatI meM isa kathAnaka ko darzAyA huA pAte haiN| kintu mathurA se prApta pArzva padmAvatI evaM dharaNendra yukta aMkana lagabhaga tIsarI zatI

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mAthurI zilpa meM durlabha pAkina 281 IsavI kA pratIta hotA hai| astu, Upara varNita sabhI sthAnoM se pUrva kA hai aisA abhimata jaina pratimA vijJAna ke talasparzI jJAtA pro. yU.pI. zAha mahodaya ne lekhaka ko batalAyA thaa| pArzvanAtha pratimA Asanastha pArzvanAtha pratimA jisake mastaka para vaiSNava tilaka aMkita hai (citra 2) / isakI nAka ko kurupita kiyA gayA hai tathA isa pratimA para koI bhI lekha likhA gayA ho aisA nizcita nahIM hotA hai kyoM ki pratimA kA nIce kA hissA paryApta kSatigrasta hai| abhilikhita pratimAeM : AyAgapaTTa __jaina kalA kI ye apanI hI vizeSatA AkarSaka paTTa AyAgapaTTa-homeja TebaleTa hai| inheM kalA pArakhI DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne padmapaTTa, cakrapaTa evaM svastika paTTa kahA hai| AyAgapaTTa para utkIrNa lekha ke anusAra inheM AyAgapaTTa yA zilApaTTa bhI pAte haiN| eka ullekhanIya AyAgapaTTa" hai jisake madhya bhAga meM cAra tilaka ratna' yA nandIpAda ke bIca vRtta meM sapta phaNoM ke nIce dhyAnalIna pArzva aura pratyeka ora vastra rahita upAsaka donoM ora namaskAra mudrA meM khar3e haiM (citra 3) / nIce lekha utkIrNa hai jisase jJAta hotA hai zivaghoSA ne ise sthApita karavAyA thA, lekha kAphI naSTa ho cukA hai| itihAsakAra smitha mahodaya ne isa paTa para abhilikhita lekha ko lipi ke AdhAra para pUrva kuSANa lipi mAnA hai| kalA evaM lipi donoM hI dRSTiyoM se prathama zatI IsA pUrva ke pUrvArddha kA yaha aMkana siddha hotA hai| arthAt mAthurI zilpa meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA yaha zugaMyugIna aMkana pratIta hotA hai| . pArzva kA huviSka kAlIna aMkana lAla cittIdAra patthara para pArzva kI dhyAnamagna baiThI mUrti hai" (citra 4) / isa pratimA para pArzvanAtha kA nAma to nahIM hai kintu abhilikhita lekha

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282 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke anusAra haviSka saM. 58, anya vidvAnoM ke anusAra 136 yA 102 I. kI mUrti hai| siMhAsana ke siMha bhItara kI ora gardana ghumAye hue haiN| caraNapIThikA ke madhya dharma cakra, donoM ora aMjali mudrA meM eka gaNadhara bhUmi para baiThe haiN| bAMyI ora sAdhvI evaM zrAvikAeM tathA dAMyI ora ardhapAlaka evaM zrAvakagaNa darzAye gaye haiN| mUla pratimA kA zIza anupalabdha hai| bAda meM jaba isakA zIza yukta sarpaphaNa kA bhAga milA sarpa phaNa meM bhI eka ur3atA huA vidyAdhara dRSTigocara hotA hai| isa mUrti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki mUla pratimA ke pIche vRkSa kA sundara aMkana hai (citra 5) / mathurA kI kalA meM mUrtiyoM ke pIche vRkSa, stambha, rIr3ha kI haDDI darzAne kI paramparA kuSANa mUrtiyoM ke dekhane se jJAta hotI hai| pArzva lekhayukta pratimA __mUla mUrti paryApta khaMDita hai| vaha baiThI huyI mUrti rahI hogI kintu isameM jo caraNacaukI para lekha khudA hai usameM "..... arhato pArzvastha pratimA...." surakSita hai| ata: yaha pArzva pratimA kA apratimapramANa hai| lipi ke anusAra yaha pratimA lagabhaga dvitIya zatI kI hai (citra 6) / sarvatobhadra sarvatobhadra yA caumukhI mUrtiyoM para bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko sarpa phaNoM se sahaja hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| yoM to kaI pratimAoM meM inheM darzAyA pAte haiM kintu eka pratimA kA yahAM ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai / isa caumukhI para samvat 15 + 78 = 93 I. kA pArzvanAtha kA bhAvapUrNa aMkana hai (citra 7) / yaha pratimA laMdana meM Ayojita pradarzanI meM gayI bhI thii| jaina kathAnaka ke madhya pArzva ___eka paTiyA mathurA ke baluve patthara kI hai| isa para lekha 92+78=170 I. kA hai (citra 8) / paTiyA ke UparI bhAga para paTTI ke madhya stUpa hai, taduparAMta sapta phaNoM ke nIce pArzvanAtha aura aMta meM mahAvIra aMtima tIrthaMkara

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mAthurI zilpa meM durlabha pAvakana 283 hai rahe hoNge| stUpa ke bAMyI ora do tIrthaMkara haiM, inameM eka to AdinAtha evaM dUsare neminAtha ho sakate haiM kyoMki nIce kaNha zramaNa bhI khudA hai| hai| ye phalaka mathurA kA hai aura nikaTa hI AgarA zaurIpura neminAtha kA janma sthAna anya kaI neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM para balarAma va kRSNa kA aMkana dekhA jA sakatA hai| yahAM para bhI kaNha yA kRSNa zramaNa ke rUpa meM upadeza de rahe haiM / sAmane . vRkSa ke nIce vastrAbhUSaNoM se suzobhita hAtha jor3e balarAma ora dUsarI ora koI jaina devI tathA balarAma ke bagala meM zrAvaka gaNa dikhAye gaye haiM / yaha sambhava hai ki neminAtha se sambandhita yaha kathAnaka paTTa rahA ho, jisa para pArzvanAtha suzobhita haiM / I devavinirmita pArthyAkaMna pArzva kI dhyAnamagnaM samvat 1036-57 979 I. kArtika ekAdazI ko isa pratimA ko zrI zvetAmbara mUla saMgha ke dvArA sthApita karavAyA gayA thaa| lekha meM isa pratimA ko devavinirmita pratimA pratisthApitA' utkIrNa pAte haiN| isa pratimA ke donoM baMgaloM ke bIca meM sarpa kI kuNDalI banI huI hai* * (citra 9) / mUla mUrti ke Upara sarpa kA phanAToka nahIM dRSTigocara hotA hai / sambhava hai TUTa gayA ho yA na bhI banavAyA gayA ho| pratimA lalachoha raMga ke baluve patthara kI hai| Asana pIThikA para ratna paTTiyoM ke bhItara patrAvalI evaM puSpoM kA alaMkaraNa hai| isI ratna paTTiyoM ke bIca devanAgarI meM lekha utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| mathurA kaMkAlI TIle meM kabhI 'jaina stUpa aura maMdira thA' jisakA utkhanana sAmagrI evaM "devanirmita thUva" lekha se bhI jJAta hotA hai| isakA utkhanana 1888 se 1899 ke madhya pro. e. phyUharara ne karavAyA jisake phalasvarUpa vipula kalA kRtiyAM isa sthAna se nikAlI gyiiN| cUMki kalA pArakhI phyUharara mahodaya lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya ke saMgrahAlayAdhyakSa the ataH sArI kalA saMpadA lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya le Aye jisake kAraNa yaha saMgrahAlaya arntarASTrIya khyAti kA ho gyaa| jaba yahAM mathurA meM saMgrahAlaya sthApita ho gayA to kaMkAlI TIle kI kalA kRtiyAM yahIM rahane lagIM / iha varNita jaina kalA ratna usI akSaya koSa ke daidIpyamAna ratna haiM / ==

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284 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha saMdarbha 1. suprabhAtastotram zrI stotra saMgraha sArtha jaina pustaka bhavana, kalakattA 2. rAjya saMgrahAlaya saMkhyA je. 100. A.48. 5 x 29 se.mI. 3. zarmA, brajendra nAtha, videzI saMgrahAlayoM meM jaina pratimAyeM, bhaga. mahA. jaya. smA. khaNDa 2 pR. 126 ci. 1 jayapura 1972 4. . rA. saM. saMkhyA je-77 A. 1 mI. 19 se.mI. x 81 se.mI. ci. 2. . 5. rA. saM. saMkhyA je-253A. 84 x 91 se.mI. ci. 3. 6. zAha yU.pI. sTaDIja ina jain ArTa pR. 78 vArANasI 7. rA. saM. saMkhyA je-251 je. 113 A. 1 mI. 22 se.mI. x 79.5 se.mI. ci. dekheM citra 4 va 5 8. adhikAMza itihAsakAroM dvArA kaniSka kI mAnya tithi| 9. rA. saM. saMkhyA je-67 A. 31 x 54 se.mI. ci. 6 10. rA. saM. saMkhyA je-230A. 30.5 x 24 se.mI. ci. 7 , 11. rA. saM. saMkhyA je-623 ci. 8. 12. jaina, sAgaramala, zvetAmbara mUla saMgha evaM mAthura saMgha : eka vimarza, zramaNa, pR. 15 julAI - sitambara 92 vArANasI 13. rA. saM. saMkhyA je-143 A. 1 mI. 65 se.mI. x 87 se.mI. ci. 9.

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pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - zrI nIraja jaina* deva-zAstra-guru kI ArAdhanA bhavya jIvoM ke lie ratnatraya kI prApti kA anivArya nimitta aura sazakta mAdhyama batAI gaI hai / apane Apa ko / azubha se bacAne kA yahI amogha upAya hai tInoM se azubha kI nivRtti karAkara zubha upAya hai| deva - vandanA, mana-vacana-kAya pravRtti kA sarala aura sahaja meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke pAvana caritra hamAre purANoM meM varNita haiN| aneka tIrthaMkaroM para to prathaka purANa hI race gaye haiM, parantu unameM bhagavantoM ke dIrgha jIvana kI sAmAnya ghaTanAoM kA vistRta vivaraNa prAyaH prApta nahIM hotA / yugAdideva RSabhanAtha, bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha aura teIsaveM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha hI isakA apavAda haiM / ina tInoM kA jIvanakrama adhika * ghaTanA- pradhAna hone ke kAraNa kucha adhika rocaka bana gayA aura jaina kalAkAroM ke liye adhika preraNAprada rahA hai / mandira nirmAtAoM aura mUrti-pratiSThA karAne vAle bhaktoM ne RSabhadeva aura pArzvaprabhu ko pramukhatA 'sai pratiSThita kiyA hai / RSabhadeva ke jaTA - jUTa mUrtikalA yA citrakalA ke mAdhyama se jaba kisI vyaktitva ko sAkAra karanA hotA haiM, taba pratIka ke binA kalAkAra kA kAma nahIM calatA / akSaroM meM aMkita prazasti to 'chainI yA tUlikA ke sAmrAjya para lekhanI kA * satanA

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286 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha atikramaNa' hai| kalAkAra ko apane sRjana kI pahicAna to kevala pratIkoM ke prayoga se hI karAnI par3atI hai / chainI aura tUlikA kabhI bhASA yA lipi kI mohatAja nahIM hotii| ve svayaM abhivyakti kI kSamatA se yukta kalA - zailiyAM haiM / Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne dIkSA lete hI, eka Asana se, chaha mAsa taka dhyAna kiyA thaa| digambara sAdhu ko do mAha meM kezaluMca karate rahane kA vidhAna hai| svAsthya Adi kI bAdhA ho jAye taba bhI isameM cAra mAsa se adhika kA vyavadhAna nahIM honA cAhiye / RSabhadeva ke nizcala dhyAna meM chaha mAsa taka kezaluMca ke liye koI avakAza hI nahIM thA ata: usa bIca unake keza bar3hate rahe / dIrgha-kAla taka dhyAna karane kA yaha : lokottara udAharaNa thaa| RSabhadeva ke uparAnta kinhIM paravartI tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM ne lagAtAra itane dinoM taka dhyAna nahIM kiyaa| isI vizeSatA ke pratIka rUpa meM Adi prabhu kI dIrghakezI pratimAeM banAne kI paddhati prArambha huii| ye jaTAeM bhagavAn ke kAMdhoM taka laharAtI rahatI haiN| kaI jagaha to inheM pIche pairoM taka laTakate aura sira para sundara jUr3e ke AkAra meM sajjita bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| khaNDagiri - udayagiri, mathurA, khajurAho, devagar3ha, rAjaghATa, bilaharI, ujjayinI Adi sthAnoM para jaTAdhArI AdinAtha ke aneka manohara aMkana prApta hote haiM / bAhubalI aura unakI mAdhavI latAeM madhyaloka ke aneka bhAgoM meM tIrthaMkara avatarita hote rahate haiM / kahIM ve sadA vidyamAna rahate haiM aura kahIM kAlAntara meM unakA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai / hara bhUmi-bhAga meM apane-apane kSetra ke tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM pratiSThita karake unakI pUjA-arcanA karane kA pracalana anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai| bharata kSetra meM kevala cauthe kAla meM hI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA hai| zeSa pA~ca kAloM meM bharata - kSetra tIrthaMkara - vihIna hI rahatA hai| yahAM unhIM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM sthApita karake pUjane kI paripATI rahI hai| para,

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pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 287 isa bAra huNDAvasarpiNI kAla ke prabhAva se, yahAM eka aisA anokhA vyaktitva pragaTa huA jo sAdhanA ke kSetra meM tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM se bhI eka paga Age bar3hakara agrasara huaa| vaha mahApuruSa hue hamAre ArAdhya, bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke suputra baahublii| bAhubalI kA caritra aura cAritra donoM hI anokhI mahimA se yukta rhe| pahale unhoMne chahakhaNDa pRthvI ke vijetA bharata cakravartI ko sahaja meM hI jIta liyA, phira usa vizAla sAmrAjya ko binA bhoge hI tyAgakara digambarI dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lii| AdinAtha bhagavAn kA adhikatama dhyAna kAla chaha mAsa kA thA, parantu bAhubalI svAmI ne dIkSA lete hI eka varSa taka aDiga dhyAna kiyA aura usI sAdhanA ke balapara kevajJAna prApta kara liyaa| isa bIca unakA nizcalaM zarIra mATI ke thUhe ke samAna sthira rhaa| unake pAdamUla meM nAgoM kA nivAsa bana gyaa| unakI deha vanaspati ke vistAra se AcchAdita ho gii| pakSiyoM ne una latA-gulmoM meM apane liye ghoMsale banA liye| RSabhadeva ne sahastra varSa kI tapasyA se jisa karmajAla ko kATA, bAhabalI ne use eka varSa ke tapa se nirjIrNa kara diyA aura bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke pUrva hI unhoMne nirvANa bhI prApta kara liyaa| * bAhubalI svAmI ke jIvana kI ina lokottara vizeSatAoM ne hamAre patha-pradarzaka AcAryoM ko itanA prabhAvita kiyA ki unake upadeza aura protsAhana se, tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM kI hI taraha, bAhubalI kI mUrtiyAM banIM, mandira bane, aura mahAvIra ke samasta anuyAyiyoM ne nirvivAda rUpa se bAhubalI kI pratiSThA, pUjA aura arcanA ko svIkAra kara liyaa| ve bhI jana-jana ke ArAdhya ho gye| deza meM sabase bar3I mUrti unhIM kI bnii| - eka varSa kA nizcala dhyAna bAhubalI ke vyaktitva kA sabase camakadAra pahalU thaa| use rekhAMkita karane ke liye unakI pratimA para, zarIra se lipaTI latAoM kA aMkana hI sarvAdhika upayukta pratIka ho sakatA thaa| hamAre AsthAvAna kalAkAroM ne unake liye vahI sazakta pratIka sanizcita kiyaa| "tana se lipaTI bela" bAhubalI kI pahicAna bana gii| mAdhavI latA ko

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288 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha panapane aura phUlane-phalane meM pUrA varSa lagatA hai| zarIra para usa latA kA aMkana hI batA detA hai ki ye yoga-cakravartI chahoM RtuoM ko apane nirAvaraNa tana para jhelate hue, aise hI aDiga dhyAnastha khar3e rahe the| . bAhubalI svAmI kI yahI "latA-veSThita" chavi jana-jana ke mAnasa meM pratiSThita huI hai| siddhAnta-cakravartI nemicandrAcArya mahArAja ne bAra bAra isI rUpa meM unakA smaraNa aura guNagAna kiyA hai| Aja. unakA darzana karate samaya kisI ko bhI ve latAeM bAdhaka nahIM lgtii| sabane usa pratimA meM sadA usa virATa puruSa kA hI darzana kiyA hai| usI kI vandanA kI hai| mAdhavI latAeM usa samaya apane Apa dRSTi se tirohita hokara gauNa aura aprAsaMgika hokara raha jAtI haiN| unakI thiratA kA pratIka bana jAtI haiN| bs| pArzvanAtha pratimAoM para nAga-phaNa tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki unakI sAdhanA nirvighna hotI hai| parakRta pariSaha aura upasarga prAya: unapara nahIM hote| para isa huNDAvasarpiNI kAla meM yaha naisargika niyama bhI khaNDita honA thaa| : bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra svAmI para sAdhanA kAla meM upasarga hue| kisI pUrva-bhava meM kamaTha ke jIva se pArzvanAtha ke jIva kI anabana ho gaI thii| duSTa kamaTha ke jIva ne bhavAntara taka usakA badalA liyA phira bhI usakI kaSAya zAnta nahIM huii| dIkSA ke pazcAt bhagavAn pArzvanAtha jaba tapa meM lIna hue, taba kamaTha kA jIva kAlasaMvara deva paryAya meM thaa| vibhaMga avadhijJAna ke dvArA pUrva-vRttAnta jAnakara usa pAmara asura ne una dhyAnamagna munirAja para dAnavI upadrava prArambha kara diye| lagAtAra sAta dinoM taka dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha para bhayaMkara upasarga hote rhe| kabhI pracaNDa AMdhI AI, kabhI agni kI varSA ne pUre tapovana meM dAvAnala kA dRzya upasthita kara diyaa| kabhI pAnI kI tIvra barasAta huI, vajrapAta hue aura upala varSA hotI rhii|| kAlasaMvara kI mAyA

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289 pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha se aneka daityoM ne bhagavAn para cAroM ora se taraha-taraha ke upasarga kiye parantu AtmalIna pArzva prabhu apanI sAdhanA meM meru kI taraha aTala akampa bane rhe| unmatta saMbara ne kopAveza meM parvata jaisI eka pASANa zilA uThAkara bhagavAn ke Upara paTaka dii| tapa ke prabhAva se vaha caTTAna to khaNDa-khaNDa hokara bikhara gaI, parantu tapasvI para hue isa krUra AkramaNa se dharaNendra kA Asana Dola utthaa| bhavanavAsI devoM kA adhipati dharaNendra avadhi jJAna se sArI ghaTanA jAnakara apanI priyA devI padmAvatI ke sAtha bhagavAn ke samIpa aayaa| donoM ne bhakti pUrvaka bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM namana kiyA phira usa daivI upasarga ke nivAraNa ke liye dharaNendra ne apanA vizAla phaNa bhagavAn ke Upara vitAna kI taraha tAna liyaa| bhagavAn ke caraNAnurAga meM vihvala aura pati kI sahAyatA ke liye uddhata devI padmAvatI apanA vajramaya chatra usa phaNAvalI ke bhI Upara tAnakara khar3I ho gii| deva dampati ke prabhAva se tatkAla upasarga kA nivAraNa huA aura kAlasaMvara deva bhayabhIta hokara bhAga gyaa| usI samaya upasarga-vijetA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna prApta ho 'mNyaa| ve aMrhata ho gye| . tIrthakara. pArzvanAtha para isa ghora upasarga kI smRti svarUpa, pratimA nirmANa ke prArambha kAla se hI pArzvaprabhu kI pratimAoM para nAgaphaNa banAne kI paripATI bana gii| samaya ke sAtha isa phaNAvali meM vaividhya bhI AtA rhaa| sarva prathama bhagavAn ke mastaka ke Upara mAtra nAgaphaNa banAye gye| kucha samaya pazcAt unakI pITha ke pIche laharAtA huA sampUrNa nAga hI banane lgaa| phira nAga ko kuNDalI mAra kara baiThA dikhAyA gayA aura usI sarpa-pITha para. bhagavAn ko virAjamAna dikhAyA jAne lgaa| kahIM-kahIM phaNAvalI ke sAtha svayaM dharaNendra ko bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM vinata baiThA huA bhI aMkita kiyA gyaa| kalAkAroM ko jahAM vizAla pRSThabhUmi milI vahAM unhoMne kAlasaMvara ke sAtha aneka daityoM kA aMkana karake upasarga kI pUrI vikarAlatA ko rUpAyita kiyaa| parantu kAlAntara meM, sambhavata: paMtha-vyAmohaM ke kAraNa upasarga kI ghaTanA ke isa aMgana meM kucha aMtara Ane lgaa| pahale

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ko dharaNendra ke phaNoM ke Upara baiThA huA aMkita kiyA aura bAda meM kahIM-kahIM unheM devI padmAvatI ke mastaka para virAjamAna bhI dekhA gyaa| aise paraspara virodhI aMkana kisa AdhAra para kisa kAla se prArambha hue, yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa hI yahAM hamArA abhISTa hai / Age hama usI para vicAra kareMge / I 290 upasarga nivAraNa : kucha paurANika saMdarbha pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ke mastaka para phaNAvalI kA prAcInatamaM ullekha hameM svAmI samaMtabhadra ke " vRhat svayaMbhU stotra" meM prApta hotA hai| pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI stuti karate hue ve kahate haiM "upasarga se yukta pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ko dharaNendra ne camakatI bijalI ke samAna pIlI kAnti vAle: phaNa - maNDala se aise veSThita kara liyA thA jaise vividha raMgoM vAlI saMdhyA ke samAna bijalI se yukta megha, parvata ko veSThita kara lete haiM / " bRhutphaNAmaNDala-maNDapena yaM sphurattaDitpiMga rucopasargiNam, jugUha nAgo dharaNo dharAdharaM virAga saMdhyA taDidambudo yathA / - pArzva stavana, vRhatsvayaMbhU stotra. kavivara dyAnatarAyajI ne isa padya kA anuvAda karate hue do paMktiyAM likhIM daitya kiyau upasarga apAra, dhyAna dekhi Ayau phanadhAra, gayo kamaTha zaTha mukha kari zyAma, namauM meru sama pArasa svAma / svayaMbhU stotra bhASA / 23 madhyakAla meM isa prasaMga kA prazasta varNana guNabhadrAcArya ne apane uttara purANa meM isa prakAra kiyA hai| taM jJAtvA avadhibodhena dharaNIzo vinirgataH / dharaNyAH sphuradratna phaNA - maNDita maNDitA / / 139 / /

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pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 291 bhadraM tamasthAdAvRtya tatpatnI ca phaNAtateH / uparyuccaiH samuddhattha sthitA bjraatpcchidm| / 140 / / . uttarApurANa parva 73 isakA hindI anuvAda isa prakAra hogA - "avadhi jJAna se usa upasarga ko jAnakara dharaNendra pRthvI se niklaa| vaha daidIpyamAna ratnoM vAle phaNA-maNDala se suzobhita thaa| vaha dharaNendra bhagavAn ko apane phaNAmaNDala se AvRtta karake, DhaMka kara khar3A ho gayA aura usakI devI usa phaNAvalI ke Upara apanA vajramaya chatra dhAraNa karake khar3I ho gii|" isa saMdarbha meM yaha tathya smaraNIya hai ki paM. lAlArAmajI ne ina zlokoM ke anuvAda meM likhA thA ki ."dharaNendra ne cAroM ora se Dhaka kara bhagavAn ko Upara uThA liyA" / paM. pannAlAla jI sAhityAcArya ne bhI lAlArAma jI ke adhAra para pahale yahI artha likhA jo bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita prathama saMskaraNa meM vaisA hI chapa bhI gyaa| 1986 meM unakA dhyAna isa visaMgati kI ora AkRSTa kiyA gayA ki yaha artha saMgata nahIM baiThatA, kyoM ki upasarga nivAraNa ke liye dhyAnasbha yogI ko Upara uThA lenA to dUsarA upasarga ho jAyegA, isaliye "phaNAoM ke Upara uThA liyA" ke sthAna para "phaNAoM ko unake Upara uThA liyA" aisA artha kiyA jAnA caahiye| mere patra para paNDitajI ne kRpA pUrvaka vicAra kiyA aura apane 16-11-86 ke patra meM mujhe spaSTa kiyA ki "dharaNendra dvArA bhagavAn ko Upara uThA lene vAlA artha sacamuca asaMgata hai aura usake dvArA apane phaNA-maNDala ko bhagavAn ke Upara chatra kI taraha tAna lenA hI sahI artha hogA" / aba unake anusAra bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne bhI dUsare saMskaraNa meM isa artha ko tadanusAra sudhAra kara prakAzita kiyA hai| - isa prakaraNa para mere dvArA jo praznacinha lagAyA gayA usakA kAraNa yaha thA ki dharaNendra dvArA bhagavAn ko apane phaNAoM para Upara uThA lene kA dRzya prAcIna pratimAoM ke aMkana se mela nahIM khAtA thaa| mUrtiyoM meM ati prAcIna kAla se yahI darzAyA gayA hai ki dharaNendra ne bhagavAn ke Upara apane

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha phaNaka-maNDala ko chatra kI taraha tAna liyA aura devI padmAvatI usa phaNa - vitAna ke bhI Upara apanA vajramaya chatra dhAraNa karake khar3I ho gaI / mUrtiyoM ke aMkana ke bAre meM hama Age vicAra kreNge| yahAM to prazna uThAne kA eka kAraNa aura bhI thA ki svayaM guNabhadrAcAryajI ne isI parva meM Age upasarga nivAraNa aura kaivalya prApti ke uparAnta bhagavAn kI stuti karate hue eka bAra puna: pUrI ghaTanA kA spSTa citraNa kiyA hai 292 bhedeA'dre phaNimaNDapaH phaNivadhU chatraM kSatirghAtinA, kaivalyAptiradhAtudeha mahimA hAnirbhavasyAmarI / bhItistIrthakRdudgamo'pagamanaM vighnasya cAsansamaM,. bharturyasya sa saMtatAntakabhayaM hantugravaMzAgraNI / . uttarapurANa parva 73, zloka : 166 * "he nAtha ! parvata kA phaTanA, dharaNendra dvArA Apa para phaNA - maNDala kA maNDapa tAnanA, padmAvatI ke dvArA usake Upara vajramaya chatra dhAraNa karanA, Apake ghAtiyA karmoM kA naSTa honA, Apako kaivalya kI prapti honA, zarIra kA dhAtu-rahita parama audArika rUpa meM pariNata honA, janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra kA vighAta honA tathA saMbara deva kA bhayabhIta hokara palAyana karanA, tIrthaMkara nAma karma kA udaya honA aura samasta vighnoM kA naSTa honA, ye saba kArya eka sAtha hI to pragaTa hue the / guNabhadrAcArya ke isa saMstavana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dharaNendra ne bhagavAn ko apanI phaNAvalI kI chAyA meM Dhaka liyA aura devI padmAvatI ne una para apanA vajramaya chatra dhAraNa karake apane anurAga kA paricaya diya / itane mAtra se hI upasarga kA nivAraNa ho gyaa| donoM meM se kisI ne bhI bhagavAn ko uThAyA nahIM / chuA taka nhiiN| yahAM yaha tathya bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki parvata ke phaTane se lekara vighna Talane taka sAre hI atizaya eka sAtha ghaTita hue, isaliye aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki "phaNAklI yukta jitanI bhI prAcIna pArzva - pratimAeM haiM, ve saba unakI muni avasthA kI 4 mUrtiyAM haiM, ata: pUjya nahIM haiN"| "paramparA se mUrtiyAM to arhata kI hI banatI

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pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 293 rahI haiM, muni kI nahIM / una paramparA- - pUjita pratimAoM kI pUjyatA meM zaMkA uThAnA bhakti kA kArya nahIM, arahaMta kA avarNavAda hogA / paravartI kAla meM bhI upasarga kI ghaTanA kA jo varNana purANakAroM ne kiyA hai vaha uttara purANa kI paramparA kA sarvathA anugAmI rahA hai| AcArya dAmanandI ne apane "purANa - sAra-saMgraha " meM isa prasaMga ko isa prakAra aMkita kiyA - upasargaM jinendrasya svasiMhAsana kampanAta, nAgendrA bhUtalAcchIghraM nAginyAsArdhamudagataH kRtvA phaTA sahasrANi jvalanmaNi-vibhUSita, pArzvanAthaM sunAgendro bhaktyApracchAya saMsthitaH / nAginI ca vRhacchatraM vaiDUrya maNi-daNDakam. . hima - muktA kalApAdyaM dIpta bajramayaMmudA / samyagdhRtvAsthitA bhaktyA tatkSaNe ca jinezvara, purANa-sAra-saMgraha, sarga 3, zloka 18-22 " eka bhayaMkara parvata ko uThAkara bhagavAn ke sira para paTakane ke saMkalpa se z2yoM hI vaha asura AkAza meM gayA, tyoM hI apane Asana ke kampana se, bhagavAn ke Upara bar3A bhArI upasarga jAnakara, dharaNendra devI padmAvatI ke sAtha, 'zIghra hI pAtAla se nikala kara AyA / camakate hue maMNiyoM se suzobhita vaha dharaNendra apanI hajAra phaNAoM se bhagavAn ko Dhaka kara khar3A ho gyaa| usakI devI padmAvatI, eka aise chatra ko bhagavAn ke Upara dhAraNa karake khar3I ho gaI jisakA daNDa vaiDUrya maNi kA thA, kinAroM parazukla motiyoM kI lar3iyAM lagI thIM, aura jo bajra ke samAna camaka rahA 2TTI" / " kavivara bhUdharadAsajI ne bhI isa ghaTanA ko ThIka isI prakAra apane "pArzva-purANa" meM chanda-baddha kiyA

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294 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha taba phanesa Asana kA~piyo, jina upakAra sakala sudhi kiyo| tartAhana padamAvatI lai sAtha, Ayau jaha~ nivaseM jgnaath|43 kari pranAma pradakSinA daI, haoNtha jori padmAvatI nayI, phana-maNDapa kInau prabhu-sIsa, jala bAdhA vyApai nahiM Isa / 44 nAgarAja sura dekhyau jAma, bhAjyau duSTa jotiSI tAma / . - pArzva-purANa, AThavA~ adhikAra, yahAM dharaNendra ko jyotiSI kahA gayA : isa prakAra dharaNendra dvArA bhagavAn para phaNa-vitAna tAnane aura devI padmAvatI ke dvArA usa para apanA chatra lagA lene kI bAta hI purANoM meM sarvatra milatI hai| isa saMdarbha meM devI kI isa manasthiti ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhA jAnA cAhiye ki dharaNendra kA rAga bhagavAn kI rakSA taka sImita thA jabaki padmAvatI bhagavAn kI kuzala-kAmanA se prerita to thI hI, apane pati ko bhI upasarga se surakSita rakhanA usakA dhyeya yA abhiprAya ho sakatA hai| isIliye usane apane pati kI phaNAvalI ke bhI Upara apanA vajramaya chatra dhAraNa kiyaa| yakSa-dampati meM se kisI ke bhI dvArA bhagavAn ko mastaka para uThA lene kI bAta kisI bhI prakAra prAcIna purANoM se samarthita nahIM hotii| upasarga ke nivAraNa ke liye yahI upAya upayukta bhI lagatA hai| jaba AkAza se bhayaMkara jala-vRSTi ho rahI ho, aura una para cAroM ora se zilA, pASANa, vRkSa tathA aMgAre barasAye jA raheM hoM, taba usa upadrava se unakA bacAva karane ke liye koI bhI buddhimAna vyakti unake Upara kisI prakAra kI chAyA karane kA hI upAya kregaa| dharaNendra tathA padmAvatI ne bhI yahI kiyaa| usa sthiti meM yadi bhagavAn ko phaNa para biThA kara Upara uThA liyA jAye to usase AkAza se barasate upadravoM kA pratikAra kaise sambhava hogA? isaliye yukti se bhI bhagavAn ko phaNAoM para uThA lene kI bAta upayukta pratIta nahIM hotii| parantu Agama bahuta vizAla hai| .. dharaNendra dvArA bhagavAn ko phaNoM para uThAne kA eka ullekha "pArzvanAthacarita" meM avazya mere dekhane meM AyA hai| vahAM aisA ullekha milatA hai

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pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthakara pArzvanAtha 295 vicintyeti kilodabhidya dharAM sArddha svakAntayA, * AjagAma dutaM pArve jinendratya phaNIzvaraH / 82 tri:parItyAzu taM dhairyazAlinaM propasargiNama, nanAma dharaNendrazca bhaktyA padmAvatI mudA / 83 . bhaTTAraka mathoddhatya prasphuratphaNa paMktibhiH, bhuvaH protyApya devosthAttaDhAdhA hAnaye dutam, / 84 tatyopari vidhAyoccaiH saghanaM phaNa-maNDapam, bajratulyaM jalAmedyaM sthitA devI svabhaktitaH / 85 tatsarvopadravaM tasyAzu tatrAbhyAM nivAritam. tvazaktyA parayA bhaktyA phaNairvidyuccamatkRtaiH / 86 . - zrI pArzvanAtha carita, saptadaza sarga. - sAhityAcArya jI ne ina zlokoM kA anuvAda kiyA hai - "aisA vicAra kara dharaNendra pRthvI kA bhedana kara apanI strI ke sAtha zIghra hI jinarAja ke samIpa A phuNcaa| dhairya se suzobhita tathA bahuta bhArI upasarga se yukta bhagavAn. pArzvanAtha kI tIna pradakSiNAeM dekara, - dharaNendra tathA padmAvatI ne bhakti se harSapUrvaka unheM namaskAra kiyaa''| tadanantara dharaNendra zIghra hI bhagavAn kI bAdhA dUra karane ke liye unheM daidIpyamAna phaNAoM kI paMkti dvArA pRthvI se uThAkara khar3A ho gyaa| unake UparaM padmAvatI devI apanI bhakti se unnata, saghana, bajra sadRza tathA jala ke dvArA amegha phaNA-maNDapa tAnakara khar3I ho gii| dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ne apanI zakti aura parama bhakti se bijalI ke samAna camakate hue phaNoM ke dvArA unakA yaha samasta upasarga dUra kara diyaa| "pArzvanAtha-carita" nAmaka isa grantha kI racanA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti IsvI pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM kI hai| unhoMne dharaNendra dvArA bhagavAna ko phaNoM ke Upara uThAye jAne kA ullekha karate hue bhI, devI padmAvatI usake bhI Upara apane phaNoM kA chatra lagAnA hI dikhAyA hai / bhagavAn ko padmAvatI dvArA apane sira para uThAye jAne kA samarthana yA saMketa yahAM bhI nahIM miltaa|

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296 ___ tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - hama Upara AcArya samaMtabhadrasvAmI, guNabhrAcArya aura AcArya dAmanandI ke pramANa dekara yaha siddha kara Aye haiM ki upasarga kI ghaTanA ko lekara ina tInoM AcAryoM ke kathana meM ekarUpatA hai| sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka kA varNana purANoM kI isa pUrva paramparA se viparIta aura ayukti saMgata hone ke kAraNa adhika vicAraNIya nahIM hai| unakA kAla vikrama saMvata 1477 se 1497 ke madhya kA kahA jAtA hai| yaha vaha kAla thA jaba digambara jaina samAz2a paMthoM meM baMTa rahA thA aura deza meM eka prakAra kI "dhArmika-udAsInatA" kA bola bAlA. ho rahA thaa| isaliye bhI bhaTTAraka jI kI racanA kI prAmANikatA yA taTasthA para prazna-cinha laga sakatA hai| vaha "paMtha-prerita" to siddha ho hI jAtI hai| pASANa pratimAoM meM pArzvanAtha kA rUpAkaMna aba hama kucha mahatvapUrNa prAcIna pASANa pratimAoM ke mAdhyama se bhagavAn para kamaTha jIva kAlasaMbara dvArA kie gaye upasarga kI ghaTanA kA adhyayana karanA caaheNge| yahAM yaha vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA ki upasarga ke aMkana vAlI mUrtiyAM kevala pASANa phalakoM para aura kAyotsarga Asana meM hI prApta huI haiN| jahAM taka mujhe jJAta hai, isa ghaTanA kA aMkana kahIM eka bhI dhAtu-pratimA, athavA padmAsana mudrA meM aba taka dekhane ko nahIM milA hai| isakA eka lAbha yaha to haA hai ki nirvivAda rUpa se saba digambara paramparA kI mUrtiyAM mAnI jAtI haiN| isa bAta ko lekara Aja taka kahIM koI vivAda yA saMdeha nahIM hai| pArzvanAtha kI khaDgAsana mUrtiyAM, khAsakara jinakI hama yahAM carcA karanA cAhate haiM prAya: eka jaisI saMyojanA meM nirmita milatI hai| unameM paraspara meM ekarUpatA adhika hai, vividhatA kama hai| prAya: sabhI mUrtiyoM meM bhagavAn ko khile hue kamala para khar3e dikhAyA gayA hai| unake donoM ora caraNoM ke pAsa unake dAhine dharaNendra tathA bAMyeM padmAvatI kA aMkana hai| mastaka ke pIche sAta yA nau phaNoM vAlI phaNAvalI hai aura usake Upara chatra aMkita hai| aisI saMracanA vAlI mUrtiyAM cauthI zatAbdI se lekara bArahavIM-terahavIM

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pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 297 zatAbdI taka bahutAyata se milatI haiN| pArzvanAtha para kAlasaMbara kRta upasarga aura dharaNendra-padamAvatI dvArA usaka nivAraNa nizcita hI aisI birala ghaTanAeM thI jaisI koI ghaTanA anya kisI tIrthaMkara ke jIvana meM ghaTita nahIM huii| .. __- jIvana kI isa romAMcaka ghaTanA ne pArzvanAtha ke bhaktoM ko unake upasarga-vijetA". "aDiga-tapasvI" aura "dhIra-vIra mahAnAyaka" hone kI smRti to dI hI, zilpiyoM aura kalAkAroM ko kalpanA ke liye eka nayA AkAza bhI diyaa| isa ghaTanA ko rupAyita karate samaya, apanI kaMvArI kalpanAoM ke dvArA, kucha to avazya aisA citrita yA aMkita kiyA jA sakatA thA, jaisA anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha sambhava nahIM thaa| zAyada isI kAraNa deza ke kone-kone meM hameM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke taraha-taraha ke bimba prApta hote rahe haiN| jaina kalA kA hara adhyetA yaha mAnane ke liye bAdhya hai ki kalAkAroM kI hara pIr3hI ne, kisI na kisI upAdAna para, kisI na kisI rUpa meM, isa anokhe saMdarbha ko avazya rekhAMkita kiyA hai| kalAbhivyakti kI koI samartha vidyA isa kathAnaka se achUtI nahIM raha skii| mUrtikalA to usase sarvAdhika prabhAvita rahI hai| . . ...atIta kAla se hI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI isa chavi ke aMkana ke liye sAhitya aura zilpa meM eka anavarata jugalabandI calatI rahI haiN| yaha nirNaya karanA AsAna nahIM hai ki mUrtiyoM meM upasarga ke dRzya dekhakara sAhitya meM unakA varNana kiyA gayA, yA sAhitya ke varNana ko par3hakara mUrtiyAM gar3hI gii| pASANa para pratimA utkhanana ho yA abhilekha kA aMkana, tAr3apatra para zabdoM aura citroM kA aMkana ho yA kAgaja para, sarvatra sadA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA yaha vizva-vaMdya rUpa hameM sAkAra vidyamAna milatA hai| una anekAneka - kalA-kRtiyoM meM se yahA~ hama kucheka kI hI carcA kara paayeNge| 1. mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM kra.je. 114 para pArzva-pratimA kA zIrSa rakhA hai| cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI kI mUrtikalA kA yaha eka jIvanta udAharaNa hai| bhagavAn kI smita mukha-mudrA, Atma-lInatA aura unake arddha-nimIlita

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298 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha nayana, isa mUrti meM bahuta prabhAvaka bana par3e haiN| mastaka para tIsare nayana kA saMketa hai jo unake kevalajJAna kA pratIka mAnA jA sakatA hai| unheM muNDita sira dikhAyA gayA hai| phaNAvalI khaNDita hai parantu usakA sAdA vitAna dekhane jaisA hai| usake vizAla AkAra kA anumAna sahaja hI ho jAtA hai| guptakAla kI hI nirmita eka aura padamAsana pratimA ke samIpa rAmadhana ke tulasI saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| yaha bhI cauthI zatAbdI ke aMta meM, yA pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM gar3hI gaI pratIta hotI hai| sAnupAtika sundara dehayaSThi aura nizcala dhyAmudrA isa pratimA kI vizeSatA hai| phaNA-maNDala kA vistAra usake liye maNDapa yA vitAna zabda ko sArthakatA pradAna karatA hai| nAga kI kuNDalI hI bhagavAn kA Asana bana gaI hai aura vahI pRSTha bhAga meM siMhAsana kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI huI Upara jAkara phaNAvalI meM sthira ho gaI hai| yahAM bhagavAn ke sira para sundara keza-guccha bane haiN| Asana ke dAnoM ora cAradhArI khar3e dikhAye gaye haiN| 3. aba hama ailorA kI indrasabhA nAmaka prasiddha jaina guphA meM se usa upasarga - vijetA pArzva-pratimA kA adhyayana karanA cAhate haiM jo apane DhaMga kI eka advitIya kalAkRti hai| navamI zatAbdI kI zreSTha jaina kalAkRtiyoM meM isa mUrti kI gaNanA kalA samIkSakoM dvArA kI jAtI hai| khile kamala kI pAMkhuriyoM para bhagavAn dhyAnastha khar3e haiN| unake caraNoM ke pAsa hI nAga kI pUMcha kA hissA dikhAI detA hai jo kuNDalI ke rUpa meM simaTatA huA unake sira para phaNAvalI banakara, sAta phaNoM sahita vitAna kA rUpa le letA hai| caraNoM kI bAMyIM ora nAga aura nAginI kA manohara aMkana hai jo dharaNendra-padmAvatI kI anantara pUrva payArya kA dyotaka hai| caraNoM ke dAhinI ora dharaNendra aura padamAvatI apane vartamAna rUpa meM, vinamra bhAva se baiThe haiN| unake sira para nAgaphaNa unakI pahicAna karAte haiN| Upara bhagavAn ke sira para phaNA-maNDapa

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pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha . 299 kA vitAna banAte hae dharaNendra kA aura usa para bajramaya chatra dhAraNa * karate hue devI padmAvatI kA vekriyika rUpa aMkita kiyA gayA hai| isa pratimA meM upasarga kI saMyojanA samajhane ke lie hama bhagavAn ke dAhine kaMdhe ke pAsa se prArambha karake "klAka-vAija" apanI dRSTi daudd'aayeNge| isa phalaka para yA to kAlasaMbara ke vividha vaikriyika rUpa aMkita haiM, yA phira usakI sArI asura senA hI usa duSTa prayojana kI pUrti meM saMlagna dikhAI gaI hai| sabase pahale bhagavAn ke dAhine kaMdhe ke samAntara mahiSa para savAra eka asura hai jisake hAtha meM pAza jaisA koI astra hai| mahiSa kI AkrAmaka mudrA bhayAnaka hai| usake Upara AkAza meM uchalatA huA dUsarA asura hai jo bhagavAn ke Upara eka vizAla caTTAna pheMkane kI mudrA meM hai| usake gale meM asthiyoM kI mAlA aura cehare kI krUratA usake rAkSasI caritra kA pratIka hai| vahIM pIche eka aura asura AkramaNa karatA huA aMkita hai| aba bhagavAn ke sira ke ThIka Upara hameM do asara dikhAI dete haiN| pahalA zaMkha jaisI vastu se bhayAnaka nAda karatA huA tathA dUsarA bhagavAn para teja. phalaka vAlI barachI se AkramaNa karatA aMkita kiyA gayA hai| usake bagala meM, pArzva prabhu ke bAMyeM kaMdhe ke Upara do rAkSasa AkrAnaka mudrA meM dikhAye gaye haiN| donoM kI AkRti bhayAnaka hai aura unake hAthoM meM kSepaNa kiye jAne vAle astra haiN| unake nIce siMha para savAra eka krUra AkramaNakArI aisI pramukhatA se aMkita hai jise sahaja hI kAlasaMbara ke rUpa meM pahicAnA jA sakatA hai| dahAr3atA huA siMha svayaM AkrAmaka mudrA meM hai| asura ke eka hAtha meM vedhaka astra tathA dUsare meM gaMDAsA hai tathA usakA mukuTa muNDamAla se sajA huA hai| . .. bhagavAn ke dAhinI ora devI padmAvatI donoM hAthoM meM chatra kA daNDa samhAle khar3I hai| chatra-daNDa devI kI pITha ke pIche se Upara phaNAvalI taka gayA hai aura chatra ko sAdhe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| isa pratimA kI jIvantatA aura gati darzanIya hai| chatra ke bhAra se devI kI deha apane Apa tribhaMga mudrA

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300 ___ tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha meM dikhAI detI hai| chatra-daNDa ko samhAlane kA usakA DhaMga atyaMta sudhar3a aura saprayojana lagatA hai| devI bhagavAn ke bagala meM kucha aMtara se khar3I hai isaliye daNDa sIdhA nahIM hai| vaha tirachA hokara hI phaNAvalI ke Upara pahaMca pAyA hai| chatra bhI tirachA hai| vaha bar3I zIghratA meM aise zakti-pUrvaka dhAraNa kiyA gayA hai ki UparI paMkti ke do AkramaNakArI asura usa chatra para hI laTaka gaye haiN| unakI sthiti hI batAtI hai ki devI ke hAthoM kA choTA sA spandana una donoM ko havA meM uchAla dene ke liye paryApta hai| .. kalAkAra kI sAdhanA kA sabase bar3A pramANapatra pArzvaprabha kI AtmalIna mudrA ke rUpa meM aMkita huA hai| bhavAntara se vidveSa pAlane vAle kamaTha ke jIva kI AkrAmaka asura senA se ghire, aura parama caraNAnurAgI bhakta dharaNendra-padmAvatI ke vighna-vinAzaka upAyoM se saMrakSita ve yogirAja, jaise isa sabase anajAna, parama upekSA saMyama kI sAdhanA meM rata, zuddhopayoga kI magnatA meM tallIna, kevala apane Apa meM khoyeM se khar3e haiN| upasargoM kI nAnAvidha saMyojanA sAkAra karake isa kRti ke kalpanAzIla kalAkAra ne usake bIca dhyAnamagna pArzvanAtha kI aDigatA ko AkAra dekara eka aisA dRzya aMkita kara diyA hai jaise tIkSNa kaNTaka mAlAoM ke bIca eka haMsatA-khilatA haA pATala puSpa hI ho| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki yaha apane prakAra kI akelI mUrti nahIM hai| aisI aneka Adamakada mUrtiyAM ailorA aura badAmI kI guphAoM meM apane pUre sauSThava-sondarya ke sAtha ukerI gaI hai| anyatra bhI isa prakAra ke kucha aMkana upalabdha hue haiN| 4. humacA padmAvatI kSetra para pArzvanAtha jinAlaya ke maNDapa meM do vizAla pASANa- phalaka rakhe haiM jina para upasarga kI ghaTanA kA bahuta sAMgopAMga citraNa hai| ye phalaka sAr3he pAMca phuTa UMce haiM aura inakA nirmANa kAla 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI anumAnita hai| donoM kI saMyojanA ailorA ke aMkana se milatI huI hai| aMtara mAtra itanA hai ki yahAM kAlasaMbara ko dhanuSa-vANa-barachI se bhagavAn para AkramaNa karate dikhAyA gayA hai tathA sAtha meM usakI yakSiNI ko bhI Ayudha calAkara usakI sahAyatA karate dikhAyA gayA hai| asuroM kI senA ko yahAM sIdhe zArdUla, gaja,

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301 pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthakara pArzvanAtha mahiSa aura siMha rUpa meM hI bhagavAn para jhapaTate aMkita kiyA gayA hai| dharaNendra-padmAvatI nIce caraNa-sAnnidhya meM saumya bhAva se baiThe bhI aMkita haiM tathA phaNAvalI aura devI ke hAtha meM chatra kI saMyojanA bhI yathAvata hai| isI prakAra kI saMyojanA vAlI, madhyakAla kI eka choTI pratimA maiMne kalakatte ke iNDiyana myUjiyama meM bhI kra. je. 842 para dekhI thii| usakI viSaya-saMyojanA bhI lagabhaga isI prakAra kI hai| yaha mUrti madhyapradeza meM milI thii| madhyabhArata meM aisI kucha anya pratimAeM bhI ho sakatI haiM, para isa dRSTi se sarvekSaNa karane kA avasara mujhe nahIM milA hai| sahaja hI jo citra yaha Alekha likhate samaya hAtha meM A gaye unhIM .... kA ullekha karake maiMne apanI bAta kaha dI hai| zodhaka vidvAnoM ko aisI anya mUrtiyoM kI talAza karake prakAzita karanA caahiye| kucha anya sundara pratimAeM .: yaha Alekha samApta karane ke pUrva kucha anya sundara, prasiddha aura mahatvapUrNa mUrtiyAM bhI mere dhyAna meM A rahI haiM jinakA ullekha mujhe Avazyaka lagatA hai| bIjApura kI sahasraphaNa pArzva-pratimA una saba meM prathama ullekhanIya hai.| pahale merI dhAraNA thI ki sau se adhika phaNa hoMge isaliye use sahasradala kamala kI taraha, sahasraphaNI pArzvanAtha kaha diyA hogaa| parantu jaba maiMne usa prasiddha mUrti kA darzana kiyA to maiMne pAyA ki usa para sacamuca sahasra phaNoM kI. phaMNAvalI kalAkAra ne bar3e kauzala ke sAtha gar3hI hai| maiMne phaNa gine bhii| madhya kAla meM nirmita kAle pASANa kI yaha pratimA apanI faNa-sajjA ke liye advitIya hI hai| yahAM navIna jinAlaya kA nirmANa ho cukA hai aura kSetra ke vikAsa kI dizA meM anya kArya kiye jA rahe haiN| . bIjApura ke pAsa hI bAbAnagara meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI eka choTI sI, adabhuta AkarSaNa vAlI mUrti kA darzana mujhe milaa| kacce pannA kI, jise marakata maNi bhI kahA jAtA hai, yaha eka ati sundara-sughar3ha-suhAnI

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 302 choTI sI pratimA hai| itane choTe se bhagavAn aura unameM itanA bar3A AkarSaNa maiMne pahalI bAra bAbAnagara meM hI dekhA / eka se eka bar3hiyA aura manojJa dhAtu-pra - pratimAoM kA samRddha samavazaraNa, aura usake madhya itanI manojJa pArzva-pratimA, isa anajAne choTe se grAma meM dekhane ko milegI, isakI maiM kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakatA thaa| Aja bhI usa chavi ke darzana kaI bAra svapna meM kara rahA hU~ / zravaNabelagola ke bhaTTAraka karmayogI cArukIrti svAmIjI ke sAtha pichale dinoM AcArya kundakunda deva kI sAdhanA sthalI ponnUra malaI kI yAtrA karake hama lauTa rahe the / sahasA eka choTe se gAMva penakoMDA meM svAmIMjI ne gAr3I rukavAkara jaina bastI meM padArpaNa kiyaa| sAmAnya choTA sA aprasiddha sA gAMva, eka bhI jaina zrAvaka kA ghara nahIM / para mandira kA darzana karake AMkheM jur3A giiN| mandira vizAla, sundara aura cakAcaka saaph-suthraa| mUla vedI ke sAmane jAkara to maiM nimaSa bhara ko Azcarya cakita raha gyaa| * mujhe lagA bAbAnagara ke pArzvanAtha bhagavAn hI sAmane virAjamAna haiN| para dasa dina meM ve itane bar3e kaise ho gaye? basa, AkAra kA hI antara thA / prakAra vahI thaa| vaisI hI marakata - maNi meM nirmita sundara, sAnupAtika, phaNAvalI-maNDita haritAbha chvi| vahIM zAnta sasmita mukha-mudrA aura Anana para vahI mnojnytaa| lagabhaga utanI hI prAcIna, prAyaH hajAra varSa pUrva kI banI huI parantu tAjagI aura navInatA se bharI huI eka darzanIya kalAkRti / mujhe Aja bhI lagatA hai ki kahIM aisA to nahIM ki kisI eka hI kalAkAra ne donoM pratimAoM kA nirmANa kiyA ho / sthApita paramparA isa prakAraM pAMcavIM se pandrahavIM zatAbdI IsvI taka eka hajAra varSa ke aMtarAla meM utkIrNa zataza: pArzva pratimAoM ke sUkSma avalokana ke pazcAt maiM yaha kaha sakatA hUM ki svAmI samaMtabhadrAcArya ke stavana ke anurUpa, aura guNabhadrAcArya tathA AcArya dAmanandI ke nirUpaNa ke anurUpa hI, dharaNendra ke nAga-phaNAmaNDala se maNDita pArzvanAtha pratimAeM banAne kI ArSa- paramparA

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303 pASANa pratimAoM meM rUpAyita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pracalita rahI haiN| isameM devI padmAvatI ko bhagavAn ke samIpa khar3e dikhAyA jAtA thA aura usake dvArA dhAraNa kiyA gayA chatra phaNAvalI ke bhI Upara aMkita hotA thaa| upasarga nivAraNa ke liye dharaNendra ne, yA devI ne, bhagavAn ko sira para, yA apane phaNAoM para uThA liyA ho, aisI eka bhI pratimA, yA purANoM meM aisA eka bhI ullekha, pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA kahIM mere dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| jaina pratimA vijJAna meM yaha prAcIna-ArSa-paramparA Aja bhI vaisI hI calI. A rahI hai| mUrti bananA bhI to aisI hI cAhiye jisameM bhagavAn kI vItarAgatA surakSita rahe aura unake mahAvratoM kI aupacArikatA ko bhI koI doSa lagatA dikhAI na detA ho| jaina nirmAtAo kI zAstrAnusArI paramparA, aura usa para unakI dRr3hatA kA yaha eka jvalaMta pramANa hai| devI padmAvatI ke mastaka para virAjamAna pArzva bhagavAn kA svarUpa bahuta prAcIna nahIM haiN| pandrahavIM zatAbdI IsvI ke Asa-pAsa, paMtha-vyAmoha ke kAraNa hI aisI pratimAeM bananA prArambha huA hogaa| prAcIna purANoM meM yA kathA-graMthoM meM aisA koI AdhAra prApta nahIM hotaa| Upara hama bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke "pArzvanAtha-carita" meM dharaNendra dvArA bhagavAn ko apanI phaNAoM para uThA lene kI bAta par3ha cuke haiN| sakalakIrti kA kAla 1477 se. 1497 saMvata ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai| sAgara jile meM paTanAgaMja rehalI ke jinAlaya meM kisI yakSa yA yakSiNI ke mastaka para virAjamAna eka tIrthakara mUrti maiMne dekhI thii| zveta saMgamaramara kI yaha mUrti vikrama saMvata 1548, vaizAkha sudI 3 budhavAra ke jIvarAja pAparIvAla ke lekha se alaMkRta thii| merI jAnakArI meM yakSa-yakSiNI ke mastaka para virAjamAna kisI tIrthaMkara bhagavaMta kI vahI prAcInatama pratimA hai| jIvarAja pAparIvAla dvArA saMvata 1548 meM pratiSThita kaI hajAra mUrtiyoM kA darzana-avalokana karane kA mujhe avasara milA hai, para unake dvArA pratiSThita vaisI pratimA bhI maiMne aba taka kahIM nahIM dekhii|

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304 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - pArzva pratimAoM meM phaNAvalI ke aMkana ko lekara avazya kucha vividhatAeM pracalita rahI haiN| pAMca-sAta-nau-gyAraha-zata aura sahasra phaNoM taka kI phaNAvalI bhagavAn ke mastaka para banAI jAtI rahI hai| pAMca phaNoM vAlI kucha mUrtiyAM supArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI bhI prApta hotI haiM, parantu sAta yA usase adhika phaNoM vAlI phaNAvalI to prAya: pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ke mastaka para hI banAye jAne kI hamAre kalAkAroM kI Adi paramparA rahI haiN| bhaTaka rahA hai kamaTha kA jIva purANa-kathAoM ke anusAra kAlasaMbara bhayabhIta hokara bhAga gayA thaa| mokSa to pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kA huaa| kamaTha kA jIva to Aja bhI saMsAra meM apanA bairabhAva lekara ghUma rahA hai| isIliye to jahAM-jahAM pArzvanAtha ke prasiddha tIrtha haiM, vahAM-vahAM avazya Aja bhI upadrava aura upasarga hote rahate haiN| lagatA hai kamaTha kA parivAra bar3ha hI rahA hai| eka bAta nizcita hai ki isa kalikAla meM pArzvanAtha nahIM haiM, isaliye una upadravoM kA sAmanA karane koI dharaNendra-padmAvatI bhI nahIM aayeNge| AvazyakatA par3ane para hama meM hI kisI ko dharaNendra aura kisI ko padmAvatI bananA pdd'egaa| tabhI hamAre dharmAyatanoM para Ane vAle una upadravoM kA nivAraNa,ho skegaa| pratyeka jaina zrAvaka-zrAvikA ko yaha bAta nirantara smaraNa rakhanI hogI aura apane dAyitva ke prati, aharnizi jAgarUka bane rahanA hogaa| dharmAyatanoM ke prati apane kartavya ke nirvAha kA anya koI upAya nahIM hai|

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina* - sa satya-vidyA-tapasAM praNAyaka : samagradhIrugrakulAmbarAMzumAna / mayA sadA pArzva jinaH praNamyate, vilInamithyApatha - dRSTivibhramaH / / jaina dharma ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha mUrtikAroM ke lie vizeSa AkarSaNa kA kendra rahe haiM / yahA~ taka ki binA bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke jaina mandiroM kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| jo nAga saMsArI prANiyoM ke lie viSamaya hai vahI nAga mUrti zilpiyoM ke lie zivamaya pratIta huA kyoMki anya mUrtiyoM kI apekSA bhagavAn bAhubalI svAmI kI mUrti ko chor3akara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrti - chavi aisI thI jo sarpa se yukta thI / saptaphaNa se lekara sahastra phaNa taka kI saMracanA unake zilpavaibhava ko * prasphuTita karAne meM samartha thI / * * bhagavAn pArzvanAtha hamArI avicchinna tIrthaMkara paramparA ke divya AbhAvAna yogI aitihAsika puruSa haiM / sarvaprathama DaoN. harmana yAkobI ne 'sTaDIja ina jainijma' ke mAdhyama se unheM aitihAsika puruSa maanaa| unakA kathana hai ki paramparA kI avahelanA kiye binA hama mahAvIra ko jaina-dharma kA saMsthApaka nahIM kaha skte| unake pUrva ke pArzva (antima se pUrva ke tIrthaMkara) ko jaina dharma kA saMsthApaka mAnanA adhika yuktiyukta hai| pArzva kI paramparA ke ziSyoM kA ullekha jaina Agama granthoM meM milatA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki pArzva aitihAsika puruSa haiM / 2 unakI aitihAsikatA evaM cintAmaNi, pArasamaNi, patitapAvana chavi, nAma pratApa ke kAraNa mUrtikAra unakI ora AkRSTa hue / kavivara sanAvada ( kharagauna )

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306 ___ tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha banArasIdAsa jI ne isa padya maiM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ina guNoM kA bar3A hI manohArI varNana kiyA hai jinha ke vacana ura dhArata jugala nAga, bhaye dharaniMda padamAvati palaka me / jAke nAma mahimAsoM kudhAtu kanaka karai, pArasa paravAna nAmI bhayo hai khalaka meM / / jina kI janamapurI nAma ke prabhAva hama, apano svarUpa lakhyo bhAna so jhalaka meN| teI prabhu pArasaM mahArasa ke dAtA aba, dIje mohi sAtA daMgalIlA kI lalaka meM / / arthAta jinakA upadeza hRdaya meM dhAraNa karane se nAgadampati pala bhara meM dharaNendra-padmAvatI ho gaye, jisake nAma kI mahimA se kudhAtu (lohA) bhI svarNa ho jAtI hai, jo pArasa patthara (pArzva maNi) ke nAma se saMsAra meM prasiddha hai. jinakI janma nagarI banArasa ke nAma ke prabhAva se hama bhI (banArasIdAsa) apane sahI svarUpa ko dekhane meM samartha ho sake haiM aura vaha svarUpa sUrya kI jhalaka ke samAna prakAzavAna hai| ve hI pArzva prabhu mahArasa (AtmAnanda) ke dAtA! aba mujhe bhI sAtA (Atma zAnti) deN| maiM prabhu ke darzana kI lalaka meM huuN| isa viSaya meM unake prabhAva ko banArasIdAsa jI ne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai| banArasIdAsa jI ke pitA kA nAma khar3agasena thaa| jaba bAlaka chaha-sAta mahIne kA huA, khar3agasena jI sakuTumba zrI pArzvanAtha kI yAtrA karane kAzI gye| bar3e bhakti bhAva se pUjana kiyA aura bAlaka ko bhagavaccaraNoM meM rakha diyA - usake dIrghAyu hone kI prArthanA kI "cirajIvi kIjai yaha bAla, tumha saranAgata ke rkhpaal| isa bAlaka para kIjai dayA, aba yahu dAsa tumhArA bhyaa||" isa vinIta prArthanA ke samaya mandira kA pujArI bhI khar3A thaa| thor3I dera banAvaTI dhyAna lagAkara bola uThA - bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke yakSa ne mujhe

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya 307 saMketa kiyA hai ki yaha bAlaka dIrghAyu hogaa| isake sambandha meM kisI prakAra kI cintA nahIM karanI cAhie aura bAlaka kA nAma jo prabhu pArzva janma ko gA~va, sodIjai bAlaka ko naaNv| to bAlaka cirajIvI hoya, yaha kahi lopa bhayo sursoy||" ___ mAyAvI pujArI kI isa mAyAtmaka bAta ko khar3agasena jI ne satya samajhakara prasanna bhAva se putra kA nAma "banArasI dAsa" rakha diyaa| aura isa taraha vikramAjIta banArasIdAsa ho gaye jinhoMne 'nATaka samayasAra' likhakara apAra khyAti arjita kii| Aja bhI aneka aise tIrtha haiM jo bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke camatkAroM ke kAraNa khyAti prApta haiM yathA.. rAjasthAna meM nAgezvara pArzvanAtha, pArzvanAtha cUlagiri, bijauliyA pArzvanAtha, cambalezvara pArzvanAtha, aNindA pArzvanAtha, nAgaphaNI pArzvanAtha, aMdezvara pArzvanAtha, uttarapradeza meM ahicchatrA (barelI), tAjagaMja AgarA, * bhelupura vArANasI, bar3AgA~va (meraTha), sAMvaliyA pArzvanAtha karaguvAM, bihAra meM sammeda zikhara,rAjagRhI, kuluhApahAr3a, pa. baMgAla meM belagachiyA kalakattA, madhya pradeza meM gopAcala, canderI, rezandIgiri-nainAgira, makazI pArzvanAtha, AhU pArzvanAtha, karnATaka meM hummaca padmAvatI, haleviDa dvAra samudram, kamaThAna bhUmigata pArzvanAtha, mahArASTra meM antarikSa pArzvanAtha zirapura, cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha ase gA~va, cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kacanera, saMkaTaharaNa pArzvanAtha jaTavAr3A, ailorA pArzvanAtha, gujarAta meM mahuA pArzvanAtha, aMkalezvara pArzvanAtha, amIjharo pArzvanAtha, kerala meM kallina pArzvanAtha Adi ye saba aise tIrtha haiM jo bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mahimA, camatkAra, saMkaTamocana evaM anya mUrti vaiziSTya ke kAraNa carcita arcita haiN| ___sampUrNa bhArata kI pramukha mUrtiyoM kA paricaya evaM vaiziSTya yahAM batAyA jA rahA hai|

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308 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kuSANakAlIna bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kuSANakAla kI aneka jinamUrtiyAM mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se prApta huI haiM, jo mathurA ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN| inameM bhagavAn AdinAtha evaM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kramaza: jaTAoM evaM nAgaphaNa ke kAraNa pahacAnI gayI haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara ke nAgaphaNa-rUpI chatra kA bhI eka itihAsa hai, jisakA sundara saMkSipta varNanaM samantabhadra. kRta 'svayambhU strotra' meM isa prakAra milatA hai| tamAlanIlaiH saghanustadridguNaiH prakIrNabhImAzani - vAyudRSTibhiH / balAhakairvairivazairupadrato mahAmanA yo na cacAla yogataH / / 13 / / bRhatphaNAmaNDala-maNDapena yaM sphUstaDitpiMgarucopasaMrgiNAm / jugUha nAgo dharaNo gharAdharaM virAgasandhyA taDidambudo ythaa|| jisa samaya pArzvanAtha apanI tapasyA meM nizcala bhAva se dhyAnArUr3ha the taba unakA pUrvajanma kA vairI kamaThAsura nAnA prakAra ke upadravoM dvArA unako dhyAna se vicalita karane kA prayatna karane lgaa| usane pracaNDa vAyu calAI, ghanaghora vRSTi kI, meghoM se vajrapAta karAyA, tathApi bhagavAn dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hue| unakI aisI tapasyA meM prabhAvita hokara dharaNendra nAga ne Akara apane vizAla phaNAmaNDala ko unake Upara tAna kara, unakI upadrava se rakSA kii| isI ghaTanA kA pratIka hama pArzvanAtha ke nAga-phaNa cinha meM pAte haiN| ___ pArzvanAtha kI eka sundara mUrti (bI 62) kA sira aura usa para nAgaphaNA mAtra surakSita milA hai| phaNoM ke Upara svastika, ratnapAtra, triratna, pUrNaghaTa aura mInayugala, ina maMgala-dravyoM ke cinha bane huye haiN| sirapara dhuMgharAle bAla haiN| kAna kucha lambe, A~khoM kI bhauMheM UrNA se jur3I huI va kapola bhare hue haiN| ___ pASANa stambha (bI 68) 3 phuTa 3 iMca U~cA hai, aura usake. cAroM ora cAra nagna jinamUrtiyAM haiN| zrIvatsa sabhI ke vakSasthala para hai aura tIna mUrtiyoM ke sAtha bhAmaNDala bhI haiM va unameM se eka ke sira kI jaTAeM kaMdhoM

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya / 309 para bikharI huI haiM caturtha mUrti ke sira para saptaphaNI nAga kI chAyA hai| inameM se aMtima do spaSTata: AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM haiN|' guptakAlIna bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM ___ yaha yuga IsA kI cauthI zatI se prArambha hotA hai| gupta samrATa kumAra gupta prathama ke kAla meM gupta saM. 106 kI banI huI vidizA ke samIpa udayagiri kI guphA meM utkIrNa pArzvanAtha kI mUrti bhI isa kAla kI mUrtikalA ke lie dhyAna dene yogya hai| durbhAgyata: mUrti khaNDita ho cukI hai tathApi usake Upara kA nAgaphaNaM apane bhayaMkara dAMto se bar3A prabhAvazAlI aura apane deva kI rakSA ke lie tatpara dikhAI detA hai| uttara pradeza ke kahAU~ nAmaka sthAna se prApta gupta saM. 141 ke lekha sahita vaha stambha bhI yahA~ ullekhanIya hai jisameM pArzvanAtha kI tathA anya cAra tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAyeM utkIrNa haiM / 10 kalakattA ke iNDiyana myUjiyama meM bha. pArzva kI 4 phuTa U~cI pratimA hai| saMbhavata: yaha guptakAlIna hai| 5vI zatI kI hai| . gvAliyara nagara terahavIM zatAbdI meM gopAcala parvata ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| yaha kSetra jaina mUrtikalA evaM sthApatya kI dRSTi se pA~cavI zatAbdI kA prasiddha hai| yahA~ para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI 42 phuTa U~cI tathA 30 phuTa caur3I padmAsana mudrA meM vizva kI sabase vizAla pratimA hai| saMsAra kI yaha durlabha manojJa kalAkRti hai|12 . ___ yadyapi bhagavAn pArzvanAtha sampUrNa bhAratavAsiyoM ke priya evaM pramukha ArAdhya devatA haiM jinake nAma se sthAna, vyakti, ratna evaM patthara taka jur3akara gauravAnvita hue haiM phira bhI lekha kI sImAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue pradezavAra kucha pramukha mUrtiyoM kA paricaya evaM vaiziSTya batAyA jA rahA hai| uttara pradeza ... vArANasI : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke lie uttara pradeza sarvAdhika priMya rahA hai phalata: unake garbha, janma, tapa evaM jJAna kalyANaka, upasarga evaM

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha samavazaraNa ke pramukha kendra uttara pradeza meM haiM / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma vArANasI nAmaka nagarI meM rAjA azvasena ke yahA~ rAnI vAmAdevI ke garbha se huA thaa| 13 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma jahA~ huA thA, vaha sthAna vartamAna meM bhelUpura nAmaka mauhallA ke rUpa meM vArANasI meM jAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ do mandira bane haiN| mukhya vedI para tIna pratimAyeM virAjamAna haiM unameM tIsarI pratimA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI hai| sira para phaNa tathA pIThikA para sarpa kA lAMchana tathA lekha aMkita hai / lekha ke anusAra isakI pratiSThA saMvat 1568 meM huI thii| pIche vAma Ale meM do digambara pratimAyeM haiM / mUrtilekha ke anusAra inakA pratiSThAMkAla vi. saM 1953 hai / isI ke sAtha dUsarI mUrti kRSNa pASANa kI padmAsana mudrAM meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI hai jo ki atyanta manojJa hai / 14 310 ahicchatra : yaha barelI jile meM avasthita pramukha atizaya kSetra hai| jaba pArzvaprabhu tapasyArata the taba pUrvajanmoM ke vairI kamaTha ke jIva deva zambara ne una para bhayaMkara upasarga kiyA tabhI dharaNendra ne padmAvatI sahita Akara sarpa kA chatra banAkara upasarga nivAraNa kiyA tabhI se isa kSetra kA nAma ahicchatra par3a gyaa| prAkRta nirvANakANDa ke atizaya kSetra kANDa meM bhI "mahurAe ahichatte vIraM pAsaM taheva vaMdAmi" pATha dvArA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke sAtha ahicchatra kA sambandha sUcita kiyA hai| 15 ahicchatra meM vasupAla rAjA ne eka bhavya sahastrakUTa caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI 9 hAtha U~cI lepadAra pratimA virAjamAna kI thI / 16 yahAM sthita prAcIna kSetra para bAyIM ora eka choTe garbha graha meM vedI hai jisameM tirakhAna vAle bAbA (bhagavAn pArzvanAtha) kI pratimA virAjamAna hai| pratimA saumya evaM cittAkarSaka hai / pratimA kA nirmANa kAla 10-11 vIM zatAbdI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / " yahA~ anya navIna bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM bhI haiN| jo kamalAsana para virAjamAna hai|

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya 311 bAlAbehaTa : lalitapura se sAgara mArga para 38 ki.mI. dUra bAlAbehaTa nAmaka atizaya kSetra sAMvaliyA pArzvanAtha ke nAga se prasiddha 1-1/4 phuTa avagAhana kI sAtizaya pratimA hai| yaha mUrti saM. 1500 meM kisI vyakti ko Aye svapna ke AdhAra para utkhanana se prApta huI thii| ___karaguvAM : jhAMsI se 5 ki.mI. dUra sAMvaliyA pArzvanAtha nAma se prasiddha atizaya kSetra karaMguvAM hai jisameM bhoyare meM bhUgarbha se prApta mUrti bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI hai jo manojJa evaM iSTa phala dene vAlI hai| mUrti lagabhaga 700 varSa prAcIna hai| __ zrInagara (gar3havAla) :yahAM eka prAcIna di. jaina mandira alakanandA ke taTa para sthita hai| isa mandira meM do pratimAyeM bha. pArzvanAtha kI haiM jo lagabhaga pandraha sau varSa (1500) prAcIna haiM / 18 bar3A gAMva : meraTha janapada meM sthita isa tIrtha para bhaTTAraka jinacandra dvArA saMbat 1547 meM sthita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI camatkArI pratimA hai| : yaha mUrti jisa TIle se prApta huI thI vahAM dUdha caDhAne se pazuoM evaM manuSyoM - kI roga mukti hotI hai| . : bar3A gAMva : lalitapura janapada kI tahasIla maharaunI ke nikaTa yaha eka atizaya kSetra hai| vaizAkha vadI 8 saM. 1978 ko yahA~ sthita TIle kI khudAI karAI gaI jisameM 10 di. jaina pratimAyeM nikalIM, jinameM kucha mUrtiyAM bArahavIM evaM solahavIM zatAbdI kI haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI zveta pASANa kI mUrti hai / yaha padmAsana hai, hAtha khaNDita hai| isa para koI lekha nahIM hai, paoNlisa kahIM-kahIM utara gayI hai| anya do mUrtiyAM bhI bha. pArzvanAtha kI pASANa kI ___ mathurA : mathurA meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI kuSANa yugIna pratimA kI jAnakArI maiMne lekha ke prArambha meM dI hai| yahA~ ke di. jaina mandira meM sthita zveta pASANa kI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana pratimA hai jisakI

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312 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha avagAhanA 15 iMca hai| mUrti lekha ke anusAra yaha vi.saM. 1664 kI hai| isI vedI meM kRSNa pASANa kI 18 iMca U~cI padmAsana pratimA hai, isa mUrti para lekha nahIM haiM lekina isake sAtha jo satraha mUrtiyAM haiM una para vi. saM. 1555 aMkita hai| isa vedI ke pIche vAlI vedI para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratimA virAjamAna hai| yaha pratimA mathurA vRndAvana ke bIca ghiraurA gA~va ke samIpavartI akrUra-dhAra ke pAsa di. 16.8.1966 ko bhUgarbha se prApta huI thI, isake pIThAsana para saM. 189 aMkita hai| yaha pratimA kuSANakAla kI hai| isI pratimA kI dAyIM ora kI vedI meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI zveta pASANa kI pratimA virAjamAna hai| prayAga : prayAga ke cAhacanda mauhallA sarAvagiyAna meM pArzvanAtha paMcAyatI maMdira hai| isa mandira kA nirmANa nauvIM zatAbdI meM huA thaa| isameM sleTI varNa kI bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUlanAyaka pratimA hai| pavA jI (pAvAgiri) : lalitapura janapada meM sthita isa svarNabhadra Adi 4 muniyoM kI siddhabhUmi ke kinAre pAvA pahAr3I kI talahaTI meM bhoyare meM saM. 1299 evaM 1345 kI zyAmavarNI atizaya manohara mUrtiyAM bha. pArzvanAtha kI virAjamAna haiN| bha. pArzvanAtha kI atizaya yukta mUrti ke darzana se bhaktoM kI manokAmanAyeM pUrNa hotI haiN| . mahArASTra : mahArASTra prAnta meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke prati vizeSa bhakti bhAvanA hai| yahAM kI camatkArI mUrtiyAM, unake atizaya, unakI prabhAvanA caturdika prazaMsanIya haiN| bha. pArzvanAtha sambandhI kucha pramukha mUrtiyAM evaM tIrtha isa prakAra haiN| zirapura - antarikSa pArzvanAtha : akolA jilA meM sthita yaha tIrtha antarikSa pArzvanAtha ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yahA~ colavaMzI nareza zrIpAla ne maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thA jisameM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI bhavya mUrti hai| kiMvadantI hai ki zrIpAla kA kuSTharoga yahIM dUra huA thaa| pratimA antarikSa meM thI jisake nIce se eka ghur3asavAra nikala jAtA thaa|| mugalakAla meM mUrti

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya ko bhUgarbha gRha meM virAjamAna kara diyA gayA thaa| vartamAna meM isa pratimA ke nIce se kAgaja yA kapar3A nikAlA jA sakatA hai| yaha mUrti pAsa ke kueM se nikAlI gaI thii| amIjharo pArzvanAtha-vAzima : vAzima meM 700 varSa prAcIna bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA vizAla mandira hai| kahate haiM ki isa mandira para amRta barasatA hai isIlie yaha sthAna amIjharo pArzvanAtha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| asegAMva - cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha : parabhaNI jile meM sthita isa tIrtha para bha. pArzvanAtha kI atizayakArI pratimA hai| yahA~ bhakta jana manokAmanA pUrti hetu Ate haiN| ___usmAnAbAda : usmAnAbAda nagara se 5 ki.mI. dUra suprasiddha 8 parvata guphAyeM haiN| anuzruti hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke saMgha meM caMpA ke rAjA karakuMDa ne yahA~ purAtana guphA maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| purAtattvavettA ina guhA maMdiroM ke 5vI se 8vI zatAbdI meM nirmita mAnate haiN| uttarAbhimukha kI kalAtmaka guphA meM 2 mITara uttuMga bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI arddha 'padmAsana pratimAyeM haiN| dakSiNAbhimukha guphAoM meM bha. pArzvanAtha kI kevala eka jIrNa mUrti hai| ... vighnahara pArzvanAtha : ASTA : usmAnAbAda jile meM vighnahara pArzvanAtha atizaya kSetra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta isa tIrtha para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI atizayakArI mUrti hai jisakI bhakti se vighnoM kA nAza hotA hai| ata: bhaktajana ise vighnahara pArzvanAtha kahate haiN| kiMvadantI hai ki lagabhaga 500 varSa pUrva muslima zAsanakAla meM jaba mUrtiyoM kA nirmama bhaMjana kiyA jA rahA thA, isa mUrti kI rakSA hetu ise sandUka meM banda karake le jAyA jA rahA thA taba yahA~ se 2 ki.mI. dUra dastApura gA~va ke bAhara bailagAr3I pahu~cI to vahA~ jA kara ruka gyii| usI rAta ASTA gA~va kI eka strI ko svapna AyA ki mUrti kahIM nahIM jAyegI ata: usako vApisa lAyA gyaa| isa prakAra mUrti ke camatkAra ko dekha kara sabhI grAmavAsI isake bhakta bana gaye aura ise grAmadevatA mAnane lge|

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314 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha - kuNDala-kalikuNDa pArzvanAtha : kuNDala (sAMgalI jile meM sthita) yaha atizaya kSetra vikhyAta hai| yahA~ kalikuNDa pArzvanAtha jinAlaya hai| jisameM mUlanAyaka bhagavAn pArzvanAtha haiN| yahA~ ke viSaya meM kiMvadantI hai ki isa nagara meM satyezvara nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA, jo bahuta bImAra rahatA thA usakA bahuta upacAra karane para bhI svAsthya meM sudhAra nahIM huaa| yahA~ taka ki vaha maraNAsanna dazA taka pahu~ca gayA taba usakI rAnI padamazrI ne patthara jamA karake pArzvanAtha kI mUrti taiyAra karAyI aura bar3e bhaktibhAva se isakI pUjA karane lgii| dhIre-dhIre rAjA ke svAsthya meM sudhAra hone lagA aura vaha bilkula ThIka ho gyaa| isase rAjA aura prajA sabhI isa camatkArI mUrti ke bhakta bana gye| yaha tabhI se atizaya sampanna mUrti ke rUpa meM prasiddha yahA~ paMcAmRtAbhiSeka kI paramparA hai| kahate haiM ki isa mUrti ke abhiSeka . ke liye jisa gA~va se dUdha AtA thA usakA nAma 'dudhArI' par3a gyaa| jisa gA~va se kumbha (nAriyala) AtA thA, usakA nAma 'kumbhAra' aura jisa. gA~va se phala Ate the usa gAMva kA nAma 'phalasa' par3a gyaa| ye gAMva aba bhI vidyamAna haiM aura kSetra ke nikaTa hI haiN| kuNDala grAma se 2 ki.mI. dUra pahAr3I para naisargika guphA meM bhI bha. pArzvanAtha kI pratimA hai| isa kSetra ko jharI pArzvanAtha kahate haiN| jharI pArzvanAtha se 4 ki.mI. parvata mArga para Age dUsare pahAr3a giri pArzvanAtha para saptaphaNI pArzvanAtha kA maMdira hai| gajapaMthA (siddha kSetra) : nAsika se 6 ki.mI. dUra yaha sthAna balabhadra evaM 8 karor3a muniyoM kI nirvANa bhUmi hai| yahAM bha. pArzvanAtha kI utkhanana se prApta atiprAcIna dasa phuTa cAra iMca avagAhanAvAlI 9 phaNoM se yukta pratimA hai| eka anya hAthI para savAra 6: phuTa U~cI padmAvatI ke zIrSa para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai dUsarI aisI hI padmAvatI kI mUrti siMha para ArUr3ha hai| dUsarI guphA meM pArzvanAtha kI tIna pratimAyeM eka vedI meM virAjamAna haiN| ina guphAoM kI lagabhaga 900 varSa pUrva maisUra ke mahArAjA cAmarAja ne jIrNoddhAra karAkara pratiSThA karAI thii|

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya 315 __ ailorA kI guphAyeM -auraMgAbAda se 29 ki.mI. dUra vizva prasiddha ailorA kI guphAyeM haiM jinameM kra. 30 se 34 taka 5 guphAyeM jaina guphAoM ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| unakA nirmANa rASTakUTa aura elavaMzI narezoM ne (7vIM se 10vI zatAbdI taka) karAyA thaa| ina guphAoM meM utkIrNa bha. pArzvanAtha kI bhavya mUrtiyoM se unakI prAcInatA evaM jIvana kA bodha hotA hai| aisI mUrtiyAM evaM sambandha mUrtiyAM jina se unakI vizeSatAyeM prakaTa hotI haiM anya sthAnoM para durlabha haiN| kucha mUrtiyoM kA paricaya dRSTavya hai| . 32 naM. guphA meM mukhya maMdira meM mukhya vedI ke bAyIM ora bha0 pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai jise pUre sarpa ne pIche caraNoM se pAMca valaya banAye haiM, sAta phaNa haiM, Upara daNDayukta chatra hai| eka ora yakSa indrAdi ca~vara DulAkara bhakti kara rahe haiM dUsarI ora dharaNendra padmAvatI bhakti kara rahe haiN| isI guphA meM nIce bAyeM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti sapta phaNa yukta hai| donoM ora 8 yakSa haiN| devagaNa arcanA karate Upara kI ora utkIrNa haiN| kamala para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| 33 naM. guphA meM mukhya vedI ke bAyIM ora padmAsana yukta bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai phaNa sahita isa mUrti ke pIche bhAmaNDala evaM 24 tIliyoM se yukta cakra hai jo unake dharmacakra evaM atizayatA ko mukhara kara rahA hai| isI guphA ke parikramA bhAga meM savA do hAtha utuMga 6 kuNDalIyukta sarpa phaNAlaMkRta padmAsana yukta pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| mukhya daravAje ke bAyIM ora .yakSa-yakSiNI sahita padmAsana mudrA meM bha. pArzvanAtha virAjamAna haiN| usI ke bAyIM ora 2 hAthautuga khar3agAsana pArzva prabhu evaM bAyIM ora mukhya daravAje para khar3agAsana pArzvanAtha virAjamAna haiN| ___.33 naM0 guphA ke bAyeM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pA~ca hAtha utuMga khar3agAsana pratimA hai jo sampUrNa vizva meM advitIya hai isa mUrti ke pArzva meM kamaTha zaMbara deva dvArA upasarga kI bhayAvahatA utkIrNa kI hai| zera para savAra hokara trizUla se prahAra karate hue ciMghAr3ate hue raudra mudrA - dA~ta dikhAte hue zaMbara deva madhya meM dhyAnastha pArzvaprabhu, sAtaphaNa se upasarga nivAraNa, daNDayukta trichatra kA vaibhava, Upara eka ora abhaya kA pratIka hAtha, dUsarI

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ora hiMsA evaM vinAza kA pratIka hAtha meM ghana (hathaur3A) nIce mUrti ke bAyIM ora bhakti kI prasanna mudrA meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mudrA utkIrNa kI gayI hai| isa prakAra kI mUrti evaM citraNa. zilpiyoM ke zilpajJAna kI parAkASThA evaM jainatva vizeSakara bha. pArzva prabhu ke upasarga evaM upasarga nivAraNa ke samyak bodha kA paricAyaka hai| isa dRzya meM dharaNendra Age evaM padmAvatI pIche haiM, isase jo loga yaha mAtane haiM ki padmAvatI ne hI upasarga dUra kiyA, isa tathAkathita dhAraNA kA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai| . ___34 naM. kI guphA meM bAyIM ora 33 naM. kI taraha hI mUrti bha. pArzva kI aMkita haiN| nIce se Upara sira taka sarpa-phaNa, zera kA mukha sAmane hai| donoM ora se upasarga hotA dikhAI detA hai jisameM eka ora bhAle se evaM dUsarI ora daNDa se prahAra kiyA jA rahA hai| isa bIca bha. pArzva kI. divya AbhA yukta manohArI mudrA parama zAnti kA udghoSa karatI huI sI pratIta hotI hai| - isa prakAra ailorA kI pArzva pratimAyeM itihAsa bodha ko karAne vAlI, yatheSTa chavi evaM saMsAra vairAgya kI chaviyoM ko utkIrNa karane vAlI aitihAsikatA ko udaghoSita karatI haiN| pArzva prabhu ke prati aitihAsika ruci rakhane vAloM ke lie eka bAra ailorA kI mUrtikalA ke avazya darzana karanA caahie| cintAmaNi pArzvanAthaH kacanera ___ auraMgAbAda nagara se 35 ki.mI. dUra dakSiNa meM mahAvIra jI ke samAna lokapriya kacanera tIrtha hai jahA~ pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kI atizayatA advitIya hai| lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva bhUgarbha se prApta yaha mUrti eka bAra dhar3a se khaMDita ho gayI thI kintu 7 dina taka vizeSa vidhi se bhUmi ke andara rakhane ke bAda nikAlane para jur3I huI niklii| isa mUrti kI vizeSatA hai ki kisI bhI ora se dekhane para dekhane vAle kI ora ha~satI haI sI dikhAI detI hai| mele ke samaya yahA~ saikar3oM loga bambaI, auraMgAbAda, indaura, akolA evaM AsapAsa ke

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya 317 sthAnoM se paidala calate hue Akara mAnyatA mAnate haiN| mUrti ke camatkAra se ve saba pUrI ho jAtI haiN| gujarAta gujarAta prAnta meM mahuA (jilA sUrata) meM lagabhaga 1000 varSa prAcIna vighnahara pArzvanAtha kI bhavya mUrti hai jo bhaktoM kI manokAmanA pUrti karatI hai| sUrata aura bar3audA relamArga para sthita aMkalezvara atizaya kSetra hai jahA~ sthita bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUrti cintA mukti dilAtI hai| pAvAgar3ha siddha kSetra para sthita cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kI pratiSThA saM0 1660 meM huI thii| __ahamadAbAda se nvar3AlI relave sTezana ke nikaTa bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI atizaya pratimA abhIjharoM pArzvanAtha ke nAma se prasiddha hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki pUjana ke pazcAt isa mUrti se amRta jharatA hai| rAjasthAna .. / jhAlAvAr3a jile meM Davhola grAma sthita nAgezvara pArzvanAtha atizaya kSetra hai| yahA~ harita varNa ke grenAiTa pASANa kI 14 phuTa utuga camatkArI nAgezvara pArzvanAtha kI pratimA hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki yaha mUrti bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvanakAla meM nirmita evaM marakatamaNi se maNDita thI aura ahicchatranagarI ke svarNa mandira meM virAjamAna thii| atirAya kSetra bijauliyA (bhIlavAr3A.) meM bhUgarbha se prApta bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kI pratiSThA lolArka nAmakaM zreSTI dvArA karAyI gayI thii| eka mAnyatA ke anusAra yahIM bha. pArzvanAtha para upasarga huA tathA kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| vidvAnoM se vizeSa anusandhAna kI apekSA hai|bhiilvaadd'aa se 45 ki.mI. dUra cUlezvara yA caMvalezvara pArzvanAtha atizaya kSetra hai| parvata kI cUla (coTI) ke garbha se prApta bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kI pratiSThA sthAnIya seTha zAha zyAma ne saMvata 1007 meM karAyI thii|

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318 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ___-- udayapura jile meM sthita aNindA pArzvanAtha atizaya kSetra hai yahA~ sthita zyAma varNa yukta yakSa-yakSiNI sahita padmAsana pratimA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI hai jo saMvat 1000 meM nirmita mAnI jAtI hai| RSabhadeva se lagabhaga 60 ki.mI. dUra bhauMdara nAmaka grAma kI pahAr3I para nAgaphaNI atizaya kSetra hai| maMdira meM dharaNendra para virAjamAna pArzvanAtha kI laghupratimA hai| bhagavAn ke zIrSa para sapta phaNa haiM jina meM 3 khaNDita haiN| isa mUrti ke camatkAra se prArthanA karane para gume hue pazu bhI mila jAte haiN| andezvara pArzvanAtha bAMsavAr3A jile meM sthita atizaya kSetra hai| bhUgarbha se prApta, saptaphaNI yaha mUrti eka zilAphalaka meM hai jisake zIrSa para tIna chatra evaM usake Upara duMdubhIvAdaka haiN| mandira kI pratiSThA 1992 saMvata meM huI thii| jaisalamera meM seTha jagadhara dvArA vi.saM. 1263 meM mUlanAyaka cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI pratimA lodravA se lAkara yahA~ pratiSThita kI gii| . lodravA pATana atizaya kSetra jaisalamera se 15 ki.mI. dUra hai yahA~ sahastraphaNI pArzvanAtha kI kasoTI pASANa kI bhavya camatkArI pratimA ke darzana se apAra zAnti milatI hai| . . , zvetAmbara jaina tIrtha nAkor3A pArzvanAtha meM saM. 1429 kI mUrti pratiSThita hai| bihAra rAjagRhI meM ratnAgiri, udayagiri parvata para bha. pArzvanAtha kI prAcIna pratimAyeM haiM / gayA se 67 ki.mI. dUra kuluhApahAr3a para tAlAba ke nikaTa zikharabaMda jinAlaya meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI IsA kI 2 yA 3 zatAbdI kI pratimA virAjamAna hai| yahA~ kolezvarI devI maMdira ke Age prAkRtika guphA meM 9 phaNa vAlI zyAmavarNa kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai jo saMbhavata: 12vIM zatAbdI prAcIna hai| bhAgalapura meM bha. pArzvanAtha kI bar3I manojJa atizayakArI pratimA hai jo saMbhavata: 1929 saMvata ke AsapAsa pratiSThita hai| sammeda zikhara

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319 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa kSetra hai jahA~ bha. pArzvanAtha ToMka para unakI divya mUrti pratiSThita hai| madhya pradeza - gopAcala (gvAliyara) kI vizAla padmAsana pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI mUrti, khajurAho meM saM. 1917 meM pratiSThita bha. pArzvanAtha, bajaraMgagar3ha (gunA) meM zrI jhItU zAha dvArA nirmita maMdira meM bha. pArzvanAtha, canderI meM nirmita caubIsI meM (jahA~ pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI varNa ke anusAra mUrti hai) lAlA savAI siMha dvArA saMvat 1893 meM sonAgiri ke bhaTTAraka haricaMda ke nirdezana meM pratiSThita bha. pArzvanAtha, rezandIgirI (nainAgirI) jahA~ bha. pArzvanAtha kA samavazaraNa AyA thA, yahA~ saM. 2478 meM pratiSThita bhUre pASANa kI 16 phuTa uttuMga khar3agAsana pratimA virAjamAna hai| pisanahArI kI mar3hiyAjI meM varNAnusAra vi.saM. 959 meM pratiSThita bha. pArzvanAtha, vidizA se 3 ki.mI. dUra sthita udayagiri atizaya kSetra para prAkRtika guphA naM. 20 meM san 426 IsavI meM guptakAla meM zreSThi zaMkara dvArA nirmita karAyI gayI bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| maksI kSetra to pArzvanAtha ke kAraNa hai| atyanta zraddhA kA kendra banA haiN| pichora saMgrahAlaya meM chaThI zatAbdI I. pU. meM karandaka nareza dvArA sthApita do pArzvanAtha kI pratimAyeM saMgrahIta haiN| tamilanADu . . . ... tamilanADu meM bhI bha. pArzvanAtha ke prati vizeSa bhakti rahI hai| kAMcIpuram, tirunara koMDrama atizaya kSetra meM bha. pArzvanAtha kI prAcIna mUrtiyAM haiN| ... melasiraimUra atizaya kSetra meM pArzvanAtha prabhu kI mUrti pITha sahita cA~dI kI hai aisI mUrti vizva meM anyatra nahIM hai| nagaram nettapAkma atizaya kSetra meM dhAtu kI vizAla pratimA bha. pArzvanAtha kI hai| puMDI, narakoila meM aSTa pratihArya aura yakSa-yakSiNI sahita sAkSAt gandhakuTI kA smaraNa dilAne vAlI pArzva prabhu kI mUrti, tirunAraM konDrama atizaya kSetra para guphA dvAra ke Age

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320 tIrthakara pArzvanAtha unnata caTTAna para gaMdhakuTI meM virAjamAna sadRza pArzva prabhu kI mUrti tathA DhAI hajAra varSa prAcIna maMdira meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrti nAvala, valle, voliya, mallUra meM hai| kerala kallina-sultAna beTarI meM prAkRtika guphA meM bhagavAn parzvanAtha kA bimba hai| karnATaka karnATaka jaina mUrti kalA evaM jaina saMskRti kA pramukha kendra rAjya rahA hai| yahA~ ke haleviDa-dvArasamudram meM san 1133 meM mahArAja viSNu varddhana ke senApati bodha dvArA nirmita "vijaya pArzvanAtha vasadi" meM 14 phuTa uttuMga bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga pratimA pratiSThita hai| dharmasthala meM hegar3e nivAsa ke jinAlaya ke Upara kI maMjila meM svarNa nirmita tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI pratimA, mUDavidrI ke gurUvasadi meM san 714 meM pratiSThita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratimA, jainamaTha vasadi meM mUlanAyaka pArzva pratimA, hummaca padmAvatI, kuMdAdri parvata, varaMga, kArakala, stavanidhintAvandI atizaya kSetra, bAdAmI, kamaThAna : bhUmigata pArzvanAtha Adi ke mandiroM meM bha. pArzvanAtha kI utkRSTa mUrtiyAM haiN| __bIjApura meM sahastra phaNI pArzvanAtha (5 phuTa UMcI), anya do pratimAyeM bhI pArzva kI hai| yahA~ kI mUrti kI vizeSatA advitIya hai kyoMki sAtaphaNoM vAlI pArzvanAtha pratimA ke keza bhI dikhAye gaye haiN| yaha pratimAyeM. 10vI se 14vI zatAbdI ke madhya kI haiN| paMjAba . amRtasara meM vizvaprasiddha svarNa mandira gurUdvArA ke sAmane sthita jaina maMdira meM 305 varSa prAcIna Der3ha phuTa U~cI, muMgaI raMga kI sahastraphaNI bha. pArzvanAtha kI divya pratimA hai| yaha mUrti atyanta cittAkarSaka hai|

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaiziSTya 321 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhArata varSa ke kone-kone, mandira - mandira meM bhaM. pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA vaibhava bikharA huA hai unakA vaiziSTya saMkSipta meM isa prakAra A~ka sakate haiM / 1. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM sAta phaNa se lekara sahastraphaNa se yukta haiM / 2. sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika camatkArI, atizayakArI, manovAMchita phala dene vAlI mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM khyAti akele bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kI hai jo unake jana-jana meM lokapriyatA kA pramANa hai / " 3. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI upalabdha mUrtiyoM meM unake jIvanakAla meM banI mUrtiyoM se lekara adyAvadhi nirmita ho rahI haiN| 4. bha. pArzvanAtha kI adhikAMza mUrtiyAM unake akhaNDa dhyAna, upasarga ke prati parama dhairya evaM apAra vAtsalya kI sUcaka hai / bha. pArzvanAtha kI pratimAyeM isa bAta kI sUcaka haiM ki sajjanoM kI sAdhanA durjanoM ke kopa se binaSTa nahIM ho sakatI balki parama dhyeya ko prApta karAne meM samartha hotI haiM | 6. bhaH pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke samakSa cinhita abhayahasta, cakra, maNDala Adi nirbhayatA, pragati kI sUcanA dete haiM / 7. * bha. pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM para dikhAye jAne vAlA upasarga unakI prabala vIratA, dhIratAM evaM kSamAzIlatA kA sUcaka hai| jo yaha saMdeza bhI detI haiM- ki zatru ko kSamA ke mAdhyama se hI parAsta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ taka ki kSamA ke prabhAva se duSToM meM bhI ahiMsA, kSamA evaM apanatva ke saMskAra par3ate haiN| anta meM maiM yahI kahUMgA ki hama isa mUrti vaibhava kI dharohara kA saMrakSaNa kareM tAki Ane vAlI pIr3hiyAM pArzvaprabhu ke saMskAroM ko zirodhArya evaM hradayagrAhya kara sakeM / zrI pArzvanAthAya namaH /

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322 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha saMdarbha 1. svayambhU stotra : AcArya samantabhadra 2. DaoN. harmana yAkobI sTaDIja ina jainijma' saMkhyA - 1, pR. 6 3. kavivara banArasI dAsa : nATaka samayasAra 4. kavivara banArasI dAsa : ardhakathA, 89-91 5. kavivara banArasI dAsa : ardhakathA. 6. DaoN. ravIndra kumAra jaina : kavivara banArasI dAsa (jIvanI aura kRtitva), pR. 89 7. DaoN hIrA lAla jaina: bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR 342 . .. 8. vahI, pR. 344 9. vahI, pR. 345 10. vahI, pR. 347 11. ajitakumAra jaina : jainakalAtIrtha, gopAcala (lekha) 'syAdvAdajJAnagaMgA' mAsika patrikA (sonAgira) julAI 84, peja-27 12. ka. vahI, peja 26 kha. rAmajIta jaina : gvAliyara gaurava gopAcala, pR. 22,39 13. ka. tiloyapaNNatti : A. yativRSabha 4/548 . kha. Avazyaka niyukti, 388 ga. raidhU : pAsaNAhacariu 1/10, 2/1 . ___gha. uttarapurANa, 73/75 14. DaoN. balabhadra jaina : bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, prathama bhAga,pR. 127 15. DaoN. rameza candra jaina : ahicchatrA kI purA sampadA, pR. 17 16. jaina DAyarI - tIrthadarzana - vimalacandra jaina, pR. 63 . 17. bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, prathama bhAga, pR. 104 18. vahI, pR. 91 19. vahI, pR. 34 20. vahI, pR. 56

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : aitihAsika pariprekSya meM DaoN. premacandra jaina* -- zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa donoM saMskRtiyoM ke srota, upalabdha granthoM meM prAcInatama Rgveda meM sulabha ho jAne ke bAvajUda bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ko hI vividha N pAThayakramoM meM Aja bhI jaina-dharma kA pravartaka ghoSita kie jAte rahanA durbhAgyapUrNa hai| jaba kiM vizvasanIya jainAgamoM ke anusAra sRSTi ke Adi niyAmakoM meM RSabhadeva / AdinAtha jainoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara the| daraasala hama aura hamAre pUrvajoM dvArA itihAsa kI saMrakSA na kara pAne se vartamAna sthiti sAmane AI hai / paristhitiyAM jo bhI rahI haiM unameM ulajhanA samaya ko nakAranA hogA / hameM samasta vivAdoM ko pIche chor3akara apanI aitihAsika, sAhityika, sAMskRtika aura dhArmika virAsata kA saMrakSaNa karanA apekSita hI nahIM Avazyaka bhI ho gayA / jahAM eka ora upalabdha sAhityetihAsa kI surakSA kA prabandha ho, vahIM anupalabdha itihAsa kI pUrvApara * kar3iyAM jor3ane kA apUrva prayatna jArI rahe to saMbhava hai ki zramaNoM ke zrama kA itihAsa ujAgara ho jaae| isa dizA meM samAja ke karNadhAroM, zodhArthiyoM evaM vidvAnoM meM jAgRti kA saMcAra aura sAmaJjasya sthApita honA bahuta hI zubha saMketa hai| jaina- siddhAntAnusAra pratyeka kalpa meM 24 tIrthaMkara hote haiM / yaha adbhuta saMyoga aura sAmya hai ki bauddha dharmAnuyAyI bhI 24 bodhisatva tathA sanAtana dharmI 24 avatAra svIkAra karate haiM / zrI pArzvanAtha jainoM ke 23veM tIrthaMkara haiM aura zilApaToM, prAkRta, saMskRta, pAli, hindI Adi sAhityika kRtiyoM meM utkIrNita-aMkita pramANoM ke AdhAra para asaMdigdharUpa se aitihAsika zalAkA puruSa haiM / bAisaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke aitihAsikatA kI kar3I bhI. * rIDara, hindI vibhAga, sAhU jaina kAleja, najIbAbAda

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha isa zrRMkhalA meM prAmANika bana cukI hai| yaha nArAyaNa kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| inake pitA dvArikAdhIza mahArAja samudravijaya the| uttarAdhyayana, samavAyAMga aura Avazyakaniyukti meM 22 veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kA janma sthAna zaurIpura mAnA gayA hai / inake rathanemi nAmaka anya bhAI kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / videzI vidvAna DaoN. phuharara ne inheM aitihAsika puruSa svIkAra kiyA hai| nArAyaNa kRSNa mahAbhArata kAlIna haiM, aura neminAtha yA ariSTanemi zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| mahAbhArata nirvivAda rUpa meM aitihAsika grantha hai| ataeva jainoM ke 22veM tIrthakara kI aitihAsikatA meM . saMdeha nahIM raha gayA hai| mere lekha kA mUla viSaya tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA para vicAra evaM prAmANika AdhAra prastuta karanA hai. yadyapi sAhityika ruci vAle adhyetA ko aitihAsika pariprekSya ke gaNitIya hisAba-kitAba se jUjhanA duSkara kArya hai tathApi maiM pUrva abhilekhoM, Agama granthoM. jaina sAhitya ke itihAsoM, zodha-granthoM, carita kAvyoM Adi se tithiyoM ko saMjone kI ceSTA kara rahA huuN| jaina anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra para isa kalpakAla se pahale bhI bhogabhUmi thii| isa meM jIvanayApana karane ke lie karma karane kI AvazkatA nahIM thii| kalpavRkSa sabhI kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kara dete the| yugala utpanna hote the| ve sahacara ke rUpa meM rahate the| bhogabhUmi meM santAna yugala ke utpanna hote hI mAtA-pitA yugala mara jAte the| koI samasyA nahIM thii| kAlagati Age bar3hI aura bhogabhUmi kI vyavasthA kSINa huI to jIvana. sambandhI AvazyakatAeM muMha bAe sAmane A giiN| ataeva bhogajIvana se karma jIvana kA zrIgaNeza huaa| yaha bhI anuzruti hai ki karmajIvana se sambandhita samasta zikSAoM, upAyoM ko batAne-sikhAne ke lie isI kAla meM kramaza: 14 manu yA kulakara utpanna hote haiN| yahI loka kI samasta vyavasthAeM jamAte haiN| antima kulakara nAbhirAya nAmaka rAjana the| inakI yugala sahacarI kA nAma marudevI thaa| hamAre prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha, RSabhadeva yA vRSabhadeva . ukta zrI nAbhirAya ke putra the| gAMva-nagara Adi kI basAvaTa inhIM ke kAla se huii| inakI eka putrI kA nAma brAhmI aura dUsarI kA sundarI thA

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : aitihAsika pariprekSya meM 325 akSarAbhyAsa ke lie inhone lipi banAI jisakA putrI brAhmI ke nAma se nAmakaraNa diyaa| isI brAhmI lipi se hI Aja kI nAgarI lipi kA vikAsa huA hai| inake putra kA nAma bharata thA jinake nAma se hamAre deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| RSabhadeva ne apane rAjyakAla meM samAja vyavasthA ko sudRDhatA pradAna karane ke lie prajA kA karma ke anusAra kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ke rUpa meM vibhAjana karake trivarNa kI sthApanA kii| RSabhadeva ke muni ho jAne ke bAda bharata cakravartI ne inhIM tIna varSoM meM se vrata aura cAritra dhAraNa karane vAle suzIla vyaktiyoM kA brAhmaNa varNa bnaayaa| isakA AdhAra kevala vrata-saMskAra thaa| isa prakAra karmabhUmi vyavasthA kA agra sUtradhAra RSabhadeva hI Thaharate haiN| saMbhavata: isIlie inheM AdibrahmA yA AdinAtha bhI kahate haiN| samAja meM zAnti sthApana ke lie inhoMne 'dharmatIrtha' kA bhI pravartana kiyaa| antata: inhoMne rAjakAja se mukta ho sAdhanApaMtha aMgIkAra kiyA aura nirgrantha mArga ke anusaraNapUrvaka kaivalya prApta kiyaa| ataeva jainoM ke Adi dharma-pravartaka. RSabhadeva hI haiN| jainetara katipaya loga bhramavaza athavA vidveSavaza hamAre aMtima 24veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko jaina dharma kA pravartaka .: kahane lage haiM, jo ucita nahIM hai| _ "saMsAra sAgara ko svayaM pAra karane vAle tathA dUsaroM ko pAra karAne vAleM mahApuruSa tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| .... unake garbhAvataraNa, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAnotpatti va nirvANa ina pAMca avasaroM para mahAna utsava hote haiM jinheM paMcakalyANaka kahate haiN| tIrthaMkara banane ke saMskAra SoDazakAraNarUpa atyanta vizuddha bhAvanAoM dvArA utpanna hote haiM, use tIrthaMkara prakRti kA baMdhanA kahate haiN.| aise pariNAma kevala manuSya bhava meM aura vahAM bhI kisI tIrthaMkara yA kevalI ke pAdamUla meM hI hone saMbhava haiN| aise vyakti prAya: devagati meM hI jAte haiN| phira bhI yadi pahale se narakAyu kA baMdha huA ho aura pIche tIrthaMkara prakRti baMdhe to vaha jIva kevala tIsare naraka taka hI utpanna hote haiM, usase anantara bhava meM avazya mukti ko prApta karate haiN"| . "jinake Upara candramA ke samAna dhavala cauMsaTha camara durate haiM, aise sakala bhuvana ke advitIya svAmI ko zreSTha muni tIrthakara kahate hai" / '

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326 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha __. "saMsAra se pAra hone ke kAraNa ko tIrtha kahate haiM, usake samAna hone se Agama ko tIrtha kahate haiM usa Agama ke kartA ko tIrthakara kahate haiN| kiMbahunA, vistRta, vizada aura prAmANika adhyayana hetu cintaka manISI vidvAna zrI jinendra varNI ke jainendra koza ke bhAga do pR. 373 ko AdhAra banAnA ucita hogaa| vartamAna meM avasarpiNI kAla cala rahA hai| pUrva meM likhA jA cukA hai, . pratyeka kalpa meM 24 tIrthaMkara hote haiN| kAlakrama se zrI pArzvanAtha 23veM tIrthaMkara haiN| digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI jaina AmnAyoM ke anuyAyI pArzva prabhu ko vizeSa mahattA dete haiN| inake pitA kA nAma azvasena aura : mAtA kA nAma vAmA devI thaa| azvasena vArANasI ke rAjA the| inhIM ke gRha vAmA devI kI kukSi se pArzva kumAra kA janma huA thaa| mahAkavi raidhu ne bhI inhIM nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kaI anya granthoM meM mAtA-pitA . ke nAmoM meM antara bhI milatA hai| lekinaM ukta vAmA aura azvasena ko hI mAnyatA prApta hai| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke pUrva bhavoM kA vistAra se ullekha milatA hai, "pArzvanAtha pUrva ke navameM bhava meM vizvamUrti brAhmaNa ke ghara meM marubhUti nAmaka putra the|... phira vajraghoSa nAmaka hAthI hue| vahAM se sahasrAra svarga meM deva hue| phira pUrva ke chaThaveM bhava meM razmivega vidyAdhara hue tatpazcAt acyuta svarga meM deva hue| vahAM se cyuta ho vajranAmi nAma ke cakravartI hue| phira pUrva ke tIsare bhava meM madhyama graiveyaka meM ahamindra hue| phira Ananda nAmaka rAjA hue| vahAM se prANata svarga meM indra hue| tatpazcAt vahAM se acyuta hokara vartamAna bhava meM 23veM tIrthaMkara hue" 112 .. isa tathya se vidvAna sahamata hoMge ki kisI bhI mahApuruSa kI aitihAsikatA siddha karane ke lie abhilekhIya athavA sAhityika pramANoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isa sambandha meM dono hI prakAra ke sAkSyoM kI kamI nahIM hai| jaina sAhitya kI pUrva pIThikA (itihAsa) meM pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA para vicAra karate hue jaina sAhityetihAsa ke marmajJa zraddheya paMDita kailAzacandra. zAstrI ne DaoN. harmana jekobI evaM bauddha granthoM meM prApta tathyoM kA udghATana karate hue niSkarSa diyA hai ki "tripiTakoM ke ullekhoM se yaha pramANita hotA

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327 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : aitihAsika pariprekSya meM hai ki buddha ke bAlyakAla meM bhI nirgrantha zrAvaka vidyamAna the tathA buddha pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma se na kevala paricita the kintu unhoMne use hI vikasita karake apane aSTAMgika mArga kA nirdhAraNa kiyA thaa| aura unake samaya meM pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI nirgrantha vartamAna the|"13 nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya meM pAli evaM prAkRta vibhAga ke adhyakSa DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara ne 'jainijma ina buddhisTa liTrecara' zIrSaka apane zodha-grantha meM nigaMThanAtha putra bhagavAn mahAvIra se tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko 250 varSa pUrva kA svIkAra kiyA hai| inakA vaMza ugra aura mAtA vAmA tathA pitA azvasena evaM unake anya nAmoM kA bhI unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai| aneka pAli granthoM ke sAkSyoM ko dekara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA para vistRta prakAza DAlA hai / 15 zrI ahicchatra-pArzvanAtha pustikA ke sampAdaka zrI jinendra sevaka ne pArzvanAtha se sambandhita kucha tithiyoM kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai| ... 1. lagabhaga 877 varSa I.pU. vArANasI nagarI meM janma 2. lagabhaga 847-48 varSa I.pU. zramaNa muni dIkSA, ahicchatra Agamana, kevala jJAna prApti, hastinApura meM pAvana vihAra 3. lagabhaga 847 se 777 varSa I.pU. bhArata ke vividha mahAjanapadoM meM . jaina dharma kA pracAra .. 4. laMgabhaga 777 varSa I.pU. sammeda zikhara se mokSa prApti'6 ' 23veM tIrthaMkara kI prasiddhi evaM aitihAsikatA ke sAkSya ke rUpa meM prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI meM racita carita kAvyoM ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai|17 . DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina ne 'pAsaNAhacariu : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' zIrSaka zodha-prabandha san 1988 I. meM prastuta kiyA thaa| mahAkavi radhu ke ukta carita kAvyaM ke kathAnaka ko lekara DaoN. surendra kumAra ne ullekhanIya zodha kArya kiyA hai| unhoM ne jaina zAstroM ke pramANAnurUpa pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa pUrva bIta jAne para mahAvIra kA janma huA mAnA hai| vIra-nirvANa saMvat aura IsavI san meM 527 varSa kA antara hai| jaina zAstrAnusAra antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI sampUrNa Ayu kucha kama 72 varSa kI thii| isa prakAra

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328 - tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 577+72=599 varSa I.pU. meM mahAvIra kA janma siddha hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma ke 250 varSa pUrva arthAt 599+250=849 varSa I.pU. zrI pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa samaya hai|18 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne 100 varSa kI Ayu prApta kI thii| inakA kumAra kAla 30 varSa kA thaa| vAstava meM vartamAna 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANakoM, mAtA-pitA, vaMza, varNa, zarIra, kAla, vihAra Adi se sambandhita vividha Agama granthoM meM prApta ullekhoM ko manISI jinendra varNI jI ne jainendra koza meM eka sthAna para gumphita karake kisI bhI tIrthaMkara kI aitihAsika khoja ko bahuta AsAna banA diyA hai| maiM usa cArTa kI chAyA prati isa lekha ke sAtha natthI kara rahA huuN|19 vidvajjana use anyathA nahIM leNge| maiMne yaha dekhA ki tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM jina-jina prAmANika granthoM meM mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI upalabdha hai una sabhI kA kramaza: eka sthAna para saMyojana kara diyA gayA hai| usa se zodhArthiyoM kA kAma bahuta AsAna ho gayA hai| eka anya srota se prApta vivaraNa bhI prastuta hai| zrI pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI 1. garbha kalyANaka nAma : zrI pArzvanAtha,pUrva janma : ananta svarga (prANata svarga) . pitA kA nAma : zrI azvasena (vizvasena) mahArAja, vaMza - ugra (uraga yA ikSvAku) vaMza, gotra : kAzyapa, mAtA kA nAma : mahArAnI vAmA devI (brAhmI), janma nagarI : kAzI (vArANasI), deza : bhArata khaNDa, kAzI deza, garbha tithi : vaizAkha kRSNa 2, garbha nakSatra : vizAkhA, garbha samaya : pichale pahara raatri| 2. janma - kalyANaka janma tithi : pauSa kRSNa 11, janma samaya : anilA yoga, janma nakSatra: vizAkhA, janma rAzi : kumbha, janma : IsA se 877 varSa pUrva, raMga:indra nIla prabhA paJca (harita varNa) choTe dhAna ke paudhe ke samAna, cinha (lAMchana)

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : aitihAsika pariprekSya meM 329 : nAga (sarpa), kumAra kAla : 30 varSa, rAja bhoga nahIM kiyA, kumAra zramaNa hue aura janma se mati, zruti, avadhi tIna jJAna ke dhArI the| 3. tapa kalyANaka vairAgya kA nimitta kAraNa : jAti smaraNa honA, dIkSA tithi : pauSa kRSNa 11, dIkSA samaya : pUrvAhana, dIkSA nakSatra : vizAkhA, dIkSA pAlakI: vimalA, dIkSA vRkSa: dhavala, dIkSA nagara : vArANasI, dIkSA vana: azva vana, pArAyaNa nagara : seThapura (gulama kheTa yA dvArAvatI), AhAra dene vAle kA nAma : dhAnyasena, AhAra : dUdha kI khIra, kitane rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA lI: 300, kevala jJAna prApta hone se pUrva ahichatra me tole (3) kA upavAsa dhAraNa kiyaa| 4. jJAna kalyANaka kevala jJAna' kI tithi : caitra kRSNa 4, samaya : pUrvAhna, nakSatra: vizAkhA, vana udyAna : kAzI, vRkSa : zAla vRkSa, kevala jJAna kA sthAna : vartamAna ahichatra, gaNaMdharoM kI saMkhyA : 10, mukhya gaNadhara :svayaMbhu, mukhya arjikA kA nAma : sulocanA, mukhya zrotA kA nAma : ajita, yakSa kA nAma: dharNendra, yakSiNi kA nAma : padmAvatI, samavazaraNa vistAra : savA yojana (pAMca kosa), mokSa prApti se eka mAha parva vihAra banda kiyaa| .. kevala avasthA kA kAla pramANa : 6 mAha kama 70 varSa / 5.. mokSa kalyANaka _ nirvANa tithi : zrAvaNa zukla 7, nirvANa samaya : pUrvAhna, nakSatra : vizAkhA, nirvANa sthAna : zrI sammeda zikhara jI, niziSTa sthAna : svarNa bhadrakUTa, Asana nirvANa : kAyotsarga (khar3agAsana), Ayu : 100 varSa, mokSa prApti : IsA se 777 varSa pUrva, padavI dhAraka : janma se mati, zruti, avadhi, tIna jJAna ke dhArI tathA bAla brahmacArI tIrthaMkara, kAyA kI UMcAI: nau . hAtha, zeSa mana : paryaya jJAna evaM kevalajJAna isa prakAra pAMco jJAna ke dhArI

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330 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha arhanta, sarvajJa, siddha paramAtmA hue| unake sAtha hI sAtha 30 siddha aura bhI ge| bhagavAn ke samakSa ziSyoM kI saMkhyA sAmAnya kevaliyoM kI saMkhyA 1000 pUrva dhAriyoM kI saMkhyA 350, zikSaka saMkhyA 10900, vipala mati paryaya jJAnI 750, vikriyA Rddhi dhArI. 1000 avadhi jJAniyoM kI saMkhyA 1400, vAdI saMkhyA 600, ArjikAoM kI saMkhyA 38000 / mahA puruSa . 1. 22veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn neminAtha ke bAda 23veM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha ke antarAla kAla meM jaina paramparA ke 12veM cakravartI zrI brahmadatta hue / haiN| zrI brahmadatta kI mAtA kA nAma : cUlA devI tathA pitA kA nAma " : brahmaratha, janma purI : kAmpila nagara (dakSiNI pAMcAla), Ayu : 700 vrss| kucha purANoM tathA vidvAnoM ke kathanAnusAra zrI pArzvanAtha tIrthakara ke kAla meM zrI brahmadatta cakravartI kA zAsana batalAyA jAtA. 2. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke tIrthakAla meM 22veM kAmadeva nAga kumAra hue haiM jo kailAsa parvata se siddha huye| samasta pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha tathya nikAlanA asaMgata nahIM hogA ki jainoM ke 23veM tIrthaMkara aitihAsika haiN| unhoM ne 100 varSa kI pUrNa Ayu prApta karane ke bAda lagabhaga 2845 varSa pUrva nirvANa prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra unakI janma-tithi 2945 varSa pUrva ThaharatI hai| jaisA ki maine pUrva meM itihAsa viSaya meM alpajJatA svIkAra kI thI, aMta meM bhI vahI sthiti hai| maiM nahIM jAnatA granthoM se sandarbha juTAne meM kahAM kyA cUka huI hai| vidvAnoM se nivedana hai ki ve bhUla sudhArane meM merI sahAyatA kara mArgadarzana kreNge|

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bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA - vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM - DaoN. azoka jaina teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA vyaktitva atyaMta vizAla evaM prabhAvaka thaa| unake siddhAnta sarvathA vyAvahArika the| apane upadezoM meM unhoMne ahiMsA satya asteya aura aparigraha para adhika bala diyA thaa| unhoMne saMpUrNa bhArata meM ahiMsA kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| itihAsakAroM ne unake dharma ke. saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki itane prAcIna kAla meM ahiMsA ko suvyavasthita rUpa dene kI kalA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha meM thii| . .. aisA kahA jAtA hai ki mahAtmA buddha ke jIvana para. to bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma kI hI gaharI chApa pdd'ii| yaha cAturyAma the - 1. sarva prANAtipAta virati (savvAo pANAivAyao ve ramaNaM), 2. sarva mRSAvAda virati (savvAo musAvAyao ve ramaNaM), 3. sarva adattAdAna virati (savvAo adattA dANaa ve ramaNaM), 4. sarva vahirAdAna virati (savvAo vahiddadANAo ve ramaNaM) ye cAra vRta the (ThANAMga 201 a.)| tiloyapaNNattI ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ugravaMza ke the| uttarapurANakAra unheM kAzyapa gotrI batAte haiN| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne jina cAra vaMzoM kI sthApanA kI thI unameM eka ugravaMza bhI thaa| kAzI ke mahArAja akaMpana ko yaha vaMza diyA gayA thaa| mUlata: to yaha ikSvAku vaMza hI thaa| RSabhadeva svayaM ikSvAkuvaMza ke the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki cAro vaMza ikSvAku vaMza ke hI bheda the| * upAcArya, vAnaspatikI adhyayanazAlA, jIvAjI vizvavidyAlaya, gvAliyara (ma. pra.)

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM DaoN. azoka jaina*, teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA vyaktitva atyaMta vizAla evaM prabhAvaka thaa| unake siddhAnta sarvathA vyAvahArika the| apane upadezoM meM unhoMne ahiMsA satya asteya aura aparigraha para adhika bala diyA thaa| unhoMne saMpUrNa bhArata meM ahiMsA kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA / itihAsakAroM ne unake dharma ke. saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki itane prAcIna kAla meM ahiMsA ko suvyavasthita rUpa dene kI kalA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha meM thI / - aisA kahA jAtA hai ki mahAtmA buddha ke jIvana para to bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma kI hI gaharI chApa par3I / yaha cAturyAma the 1. sarva prANAtipAta virati (savvAo pANAivAyao ve ramaNaM), 2. sarva mRSAvAda virati (savvAoM musAvAyao ve ramaNaM), 3. sarva adattAdAna'virati (savvAo adattA dANaa ve ramaNaM), 4. sarva vahirAdAna virati (savvAo vahiddadANAo ve ramaNaM) ye cAra vRta the (ThANAMga 201 a.) / tiloyapaNNattI ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ugravaMza ke the / uttarapurANakA unheM kAzyapa gotrI batAte haiM / jaina zAstroM ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne jina cAra vaMzoM kI sthApanA kI thI unameM eka ugravaMza bhI thA / kAzI ke mahArAja akaMpana ko yaha vaMza diyA gayA thA / mUlata: to yaha ikSvAku vaMza hI thaa| RSabhadeva svayaM ikSvAkuvaMza ke the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki cAro vaMza ikSvAku vaMza ke hI bheda the| * upAcArya, vAnaspatikI adhyayanazAlA, jIvAjI vizvavidyAlaya, gvAliyara (ma. pra. )

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA - vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM 333 __ lagabhaga tIna hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma banArasa (vArANasI) nagarI meM bha. mahAvIra ke lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva huA thaa| prastuta zodha patra meM kucha vanaspatiyoM ke AdhAra para vaijJAnika tathyoM ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| ina vRkSoM se bha. pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kA aTUTa saMbaMdha rahA hai| kucha pramANa unase saMbaMdhita kSetroM ko lekara bhI prastuta kiye gaye haiN| saMvara deva kA upasarga purANoM meM varNana AtA hai ki bhagavAn ko dIkSA liye huye cAra mAha vyatIta ho gaye the| jina vana meM dIkSA lI thI usI vana meM vaha devedAru vRkSa ke nIce virAjamAna huye the| 'devadAru' ke vRkSa uttara-pazcima, uttara-pUrva evaM madhya himAlaya evaM usake talahaTI ke kSetroM meM bahutAyata se pAye jAte haiN| yadi lagabhaga 3000 varSa pUrva kI jalavAyu para dRSTipAta kareM evaM davadAru' evaM anya nagnabIjA varga ke vRkSoM ke itihAsa ko avalokita kareM to jJAta hotA hai ki yaha vRkSa usa samaya u.pra. evaM bihAra ke himAlaya se lage huye maidAnI bhAgoM meM bhI utpanna hote the| ata: bhagavAn ne tapa hetu himAlaya kSetra se lagA huA hI aisA koI sthAna cunA hogA jahAM parvata zreNiyAM bhI rahI hoMgI evaM devadAru vRkSa bhii| . . devadAru' ke vRkSa kA leTina nAma 'Cedrus deodar' hai| yaha vizAla vRkSa saikar3oM phITa UMce hote haiN| vRkSa kA AkAra zaMku kI taraha kA hotA hai| isa vRkSa kI pattiyAM patalI, nukIlI evaM sIMka ke AkAra kI hotI haiN| isa vRkSa-kI lakar3I atyaMta majabUta evaM pharnIcara ityAdi banAne meM prayukta hotI hai| isa vRkSa se 'devadAru' tela' (Cedarwood Oil) bhI prApta kiyA jAtA hai jo ki aneka prakAra kI sAmagrI banAne meM prayukta hotA hai| ___saMvara deva dvArA kiye gaye upasarga meM yaha bhI varNana AtA hai ki usane pracanDa vega se pavana ko pravAhita kiyaa| isakA vega itanA prabala thA ki vRkSa evaM parvata bhI ur3ane lge| ata: yahAM bhI pratIta hotA hai ki vaha sthAna koI parvatIya sthala rahA hogA tabhI parvata ur3ane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| vaise agara

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334 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha u.pra evaM bihAra ke maidAnI bhAgoM kA avalokana kareM to jJAta hotA hai ki vahAM kA adhikAMza bhAga gaMgA kI bahAI huI jalor3ha miTTI kA banA huA hai, jo ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pUrva kA hI nirmita huA bhAga hai| jahAM taka saMvara ne patthara barasAne kA upasarga kiyA so parvatIya kSetroM meM hI pattharoM kI bahulatA hotI hai| yaha tathya alaga hai ki cUMki saMvara eka deva thA to vaha kahIM se bhI patthara lA sakatA thaa| parantu vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM to. yaha kisI parvatIya kSetra athavA usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetra meM hI saMbhava thaa| caitya vRkSa kevalajJAna prApti ke pazcAta bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa kI racanA hotI. hai| bha. pArzvanAtha kI caitya vRkSa athavA azoka vRkSa ke nIce divyadhvani . khirI thii| yaha caitya vRkSa vAstava meM 'dhava' vRkSa thA aisA varNana kucha jagaha milatA hai| jabaki kucha itihAsakAra devadAruM' ko bha pArzvanAtha kA hI caitya vRkSa mAnate haiN| dhava dhava ke kaI paryAyavAcI nAma haiM - "dhava: pizacavRkSazva, zakaTAkhyo dhuraMdharaH" dhava, pizAcavRkSa, zakaTAkhya, dhuraMdhara ye saba dhava vRkSa ke paryAyavAcI nAma haiN| vaise hindI meM ise dhau, dhaurA, dhoM, baMgAlI meM dhAuyAgAcha, marAThI meM dhAvaz2a, dhavala,kannar3a meM didaMgu bhI kahate haiN| yaha vRkSa ma.pra., rAjasthAna, u.pra., bihAra, gujarAta evaM dakSiNa bhArata meM sarvatra milatA hai| isakA vRkSa bar3A yA madhyama UMcAI kA hotA hai| chAla moTI, cikanI evaM patte caur3e hote haiN| pharavarI meM gahare lAla raMga ke patra girate haiN| puSpa choTe haritAbha muNDaka ke rUpa meM sitambara se janavarI taka Ate haiN| phala cipaTe dvipakSa, coMcadAra evaM disambara se mArca taka pakate haiN| isa vRkSa kI lakar3I bahuta lacakadAra evaM majabUta hotI hai| gAr3I kI dhUrI

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336 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha __ ukta tathyoM se pratIta hotA hai ki devadAru' evaM 'dhava' donoM hI vRkSoM kA bha. pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se saMbaMdha rahA ho sakatA hai kyoMki himAlaya ke tarAI vAle evaM nicalI zreNI ke parvatIya bhAgoM meM devadAru' evaM 'dhava' donoM hI vRkSa milate haiN| purANakAroM ne bhI bhagavAn kA bihAra aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, magadha, kAzI, kozala, avanti, kurU, puNDa, mAlavA, pAMcAla, vidarbha, dazArNa, saurASTra, karnATaka, koMkaNa, kaccha, kazmIra, zAka, pallava, AmIra Adi pradezoM meM honA batAyA hai| ukta prAntoM meM se kucha uttarI prAntoM meM devadAru' vRkSa paidA hote haiN| 'dhava' vRkSa ukta lagabhaga sabhI prAntoM meM utpanna hote haiN| ata: vanaspati zAstriyoM ke anusAra bhI hajAroM varSa pUrva uttarI parvatIya bhAgoM meM devadAru ke vRkSa bahutAyata se milate the| sammeda zikhara parvata kI. U~cAI adhika hone se vahAM bhI saMbhava hai ki zAyada devadAru vRkSa usa kAla meM vahAM bhI paidA hote hoNge| ___ yadi vaijJAnika dRSTi se avalokana kiyA jAye to caubIsoM tIrthakaroM ke caitya vRkSoM kA paryAvaraNIya mahatva hai| yaha sabhI vRkSa pAristhitikI (Ecosystem) ko saMtulita banAye rakhane meM sahAyaka haiN| cUMki yaha sabhI prakAra ke paryAvaraNIya zoka (pradUSaNa) ko harane meM sahAyaka hote haiM ata: inheM 'azoka' vRkSa bhI kahA hai| "devadAru" evaM "dhava" donoM hI aise vRkSa haiM jinake nIce kI miTTI meM anekoM prakAra ke sUkSma jIva kriyAzIla rahate haiM evaM binA kisI hAnikAraka prabhAva ke vAtAvaraNa kA saMtulana banAye rakhate ata: kisI bhI ghaTaka kA vaijJAnika AdhAra sunizcita karane ke liye usa kSetra evaM kAla kI prAkRtika saMracanA evaM vanaspatiyoM ke saMdarbha meM jAnakArI prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| tabhI yaha nirupita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki amuka mahApuruSa usa kSetra evaM kAla meM huye the| bhagavAn zrI pArzvanAtha ke saMdarbha meM bhI ukta tathya satyatA liye huye hI pratIta hote haiM ki unakA vihAra, upasarga evaM samavasaraNa kI ghaTanAyeM ukta vRkSoM ke anusAra nizcita rUpa se huI thii|

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tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ukta tathyoM se pratIta hotA hai ki devadAru' evaM 'dhava' donoM hI vRkSoM kA bha. pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se saMbaMdha rahA ho sakatA hai kyoMki himAlaya ke tarAI vAle evaM nicalI zreNI ke parvatIya bhAgoM meM devadAru' evaM 'dhava' donoM . hI vRkSa milate haiM / purANakAroM ne bhI bhagavAn kA bihAra aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, magadha, kAzI, kozala, avanti, kurU, puNDa, mAlavA, pAMcAla, vidarbha, dazArNa, saurASTra, karnATaka, koMkaNa, kaccha, kazmIra, zAka, pallava, AmIra -Adi pradezoM meM honA batAyA hai| ukta prAntoM meM se kucha uttarI prAntoM meM 'devadAru' vRkSa paidA hote haiN| 'dhava' vRkSa ukta lagabhaga sabhI prAntoM meM utpanna hote haiN| ata: vanaspati zAstriyoM ke anusAra bhI hajAroM varSa pUrva uttarI parvatIya bhAgoM meM devadAru ke vRkSa bahutAyata se milate the / sammeda zikhara parvata kI U~cAI adhika hone se vahAM bhI saMbhava hai ki zAyada devadAru vRkSa usa kAla meM vahAM bhI paidA hote hoMge / 336 yadi vaijJAnika dRSTi se avalokana kiyA jAye to caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke caitya vRkSoM kA paryAvaraNIya mahatva hai| yaha sabhI vRkSa pAristhitikI (Ecosystem) ko saMtulita banAye rakhane meM sahAyaka haiN| cUMki yaha sabhI prakAra ke paryAvaraNIya zoka (pradUSaNa ) ko harane meM sahAyaka hote haiM ata: inheM 'azoka' vRkSa bhI kahA hai| "devadAru" evaM "dhava" donoM hI aise vRkSa haiM jinake nIce kI miTTI meM anekoM prakAra ke sUkSma jIva kriyAzIla rahate haiM evaM binA kisI hAnikAraka prabhAva ke vAtAvaraNa kA saMtulana banAye rakhate haiM I ata: kisI bhI ghaTaka kA vaijJAnika AdhAra sunizcita karane ke liye usa kSetra evaM kAla kI prAkRtika saMracanA evaM vanaspatiyoM ke saMdarbha jAnakArI prApta karanA Avazyaka hai / tabhI yaha nirupita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki amuka mahApuruSa usa kSetra evaM kAla meM huye the / bhagavAn zrI pArzvanAtha ke saMdarbha meM bhI ukta tathya satyatA liye huye hI pratIta hote haiM ki unakA vihAra, upasarga evaM samavasaraNa kI ghaTanAyeM ukta vRkSoM ke anusAra nizcita rUpa se huI thii|

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prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM - zrI kundana lAla jaina* eka yuga thA jaba jaina dharma bauddha dharma hI kahalAtA thA kyoMki donoM hI dharmoM meM bahuta sI samAnatAeM thiiN| para bArIka vividhatAoM aura viSamatAoM kI ora kisI kA bhI dhyAna nahIM gyaa| para yUropIya vidvAnoM kI zodhoM aura khojoM evaM utkhanana prakriyAoM ke dvArA evaM bhAratIya mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke gahana adhyayana aura gaMbhIra adhyayanoM evaM vizleSaNoM dvArA donoM kI vibhinnatAoM kA. gaMbhIra AloDana Alocana sva pratyAlocana jaba huA to jaina aura bauddha dharma kI vibhinnatA kA spaSTa rekhAMkana huaa| kucha samaya taka to jaina dharma ko bauddha dharma kI zAkhA mAtra mAnate the abhI bhI kucha * alpazikSita jana bauddha aura jaina dharma kI spaSTa vibhAjana rekhA nahIM samajha pAye haiN| isakA mUla kAraNa hama jaina dharma ke anuyAyI jana apane sAhitya ke prakAzana aura prasAraNa meM bar3e pIche rhe| kucha rUr3hivAdiyoM kI ajJatA aura aviveka se jaina dharma kA vikAsa sahI rUpa se na karake purAne gajaratha, pUjA, pratiSThAdi vidhi dharma kANDIya vidhAnoM kI rUr3hibaddhatA meM dravya kA pradarzana kara puNyaM aura svargAdi vaibhava ko juTAne meM laga rhe| bauddha vidvAnoM ne yUropIya vidvAnoM kI bhAMti apane sAhitya kI zodha khoja kI aura usakA prakAzana kara deza videzoM meM DaTakara prasAra kiyaa| bauddha dharma bhArata se to apanI jar3eM khokhalI kara hI cukA thA para cIna, laMkA, tibbata, malAyA, jAvA, samAtrA Adi choTe bar3e dezoM meM varcasva jamA cukA thaa| eziyATika bauddhastara sosAyaTiyoM kA janma bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA prakRSTa sAdhana bnii| jainoM kI hIna bhAvanA ne apane sAhitya ko dUsaroM ko sthApita bhI * dillI

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338 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha na karane diyA, adhyayana, zodha khoja, prakAzana prasAraNa se hama kosoM dUra rhe| Aja bhI jaba hama 21vI sadI ke kagAra para pahuMca rahe haiM para koI aisI saMsthA dikhAI nahIM detI hai jo jaina prAcIna graMthoM ke vizleSaNa aura zodha ko, khoja ko prakAzana ke lie taiyAra ho| maiMne dillI ke jaina bhaNDAroM meM sthita prAcIna pANDulipiyoM kI saMdarbha-sUcI taiyAra kI aura apanA samasta svAsthya aura AkhoM kI jyoti bhI isIse maddhima kara lI hai, para koI isakI upayogitA ko nahIM jAMca pA rahA hai| jaba kI pUjA pratiSThA,paMca kalyANaka Adi vidhi vidhAnoM kI pratispardhA meM jainiyoM kA paisA bahulatA se kharca ho rahA hai| jina vANI svarUpa prAcIna sAhitya kI logoM ko jAnakArI taka hI nahIM hai prakAzana kI bAta to bahuta dUra rhii| yahAM pArzva prabhu kI kucha kalA pUrNa aitihAsika pratimAoM kA saMgraha prastuta kara rahe haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, jo "purusadAniya" kI upAdhi se vikhyAta rahe, 24 . tIrthaMkaroM meM inakA janma I.saM. 877 meM vArANasI ke rAjA pitA azvasena tathA mAtA vAmA devI ke ghara huA thaa| ve prArambha se hI prakhara buddhi aura vairAgyazIla bhAvanAoM se ota prota the| purANoM meM unake pUrva bhavoM kA varNana karate likhA hai ki unkA aura kamaTha ke jIva kA bhava bhavAntaroM kA vaira calA karatA thA aura usake dvArA pradatta dukhoM kA sahanazIlatA pUrvaka bhogate A rahe jaba prabhu kA jIva pArzvanAtha aura unake virodhI kamaTha bane to kamaTha dvArA yajJa meM lakkar3a ko jalAte samaya manA kiyA kyoMki usapameM nAga nAgina baiThe the| prabhu ne jaba usa lakar3a ko phAr3a kara dikhAyA to donoM jala cuke the, maraNAsanna donoM ko prabha ne NamokAra maMtra sunAyA jisa ke prabhAva se ve dharaNendra aura padamAvatI banakara prabhu ke saMrakSaka bane aura unako ghora upasarga se bcaayaa| isa paurANika gAthA ko sAhityakAroM evaM kalAkAroM ne prastara dhAtu ratnAdi meM phaNAvalI kA rUpa de diyaa| yahI phaNAvalI hI pArzva prabhu kA lAMchana (cinha) bana gayA jisase kAlAntara meM bha. pArzvanAtha kI pahicAna phaNAvalI se hI hone lgii| pUrva prAcIna kAla meM kahIM kahIM dhvani sAmAnya ke kAraNa sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzva kI pratimA para bhI phaNAvalI aMkita huI milI hai jise hama sAdhAraNa sI bhUla samajhate haiN|

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339 prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM buddha kI pratimA para bhI phaNAvalI banatI thI aise citra haiN| logoM kI vijJatA kramaza: bar3hane para supArzvanAtha se phaNAvalI gAyaba hone lgii| jaina dharma kevala uttara pradeza meM hI nahIM apitu sampUrNa bhArata meM atyadhika pratiSThApUrNa zreSTha dharma mAnA jAtA hai| prAcIna bhArata ke aitihAsika sUtra DhUMDhane ke lie jaina aura bauddha sAhitya ke sAtha sAtha cInI sAhitya bhI bar3A sahAyaka siddha hotA hai| yahA~ hama uttara pradeza tathA usake sImAvartI kSetroM se prApta kucha pArzva prabhu kI pratimAoM kA ullekha kara rahe haiM jo lakar3I, pASANa, dhAtu, ratna Adi kI nirmita haiN| inameM se bahuta sI lekha rahita, kucha lekha sahita, kucha padmAsana, kucha kAyotsarga mudAoM meM, kucha saMrvatobhadra tathA mAnastambhoM meM, virAjita prApta huI haiN| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle para huI khudAI meM jo bahumUlya sAmagrI prApta huI hai, usase jaina dharma kI prAcIna aitihAsikatA kA patA lagatA hai| IsA ke sadiyoM pUrva nirmita AyAga paTTa, stUpoM, pratimAoM para brAhmI lipi meM utkIrNita mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI milI hai| jaina dharma ke mAthura saMgha kI pratisthApanA yahIM se huii| mathurA bhArata kI prAcInatama nagariyoM meM se eka hai| yaha sarasvatI aura lakSmI (vyApAra) kA * bar3A bhArI samRddha nagara thaa| yahAM zuMga, kuzANa, gupta kAlIna saMskRti kA svartha sthala thaa| (1) sabase prAcInatama pArzvaprabhu kI pratimA yahIM se milI AyAga paTTa yahAM . ke purAtatva kI pahalI kar3I hai| aura stUpa bhI yahAM ke bahuta mahatvapUrNa aura aitihAsika haiM tathA sarvato bhadra pratimAeM bhI yahIM se prApta hone ...lagIM thiiN| AyAgapaTTa (AryakapaTTa) caurAhoM para yA maMdira ke bhItara pUjA ke lie caukora prastara paTToM para tIrthaMkara pratimAeM utkIrNita kI jAtI thiiN| ina AyAga paTToM para tIrthaMkara pratimA ke sAtha sAtha kalApUrNa DhaMga se aSTamaMgala dravya latA, puSpa patrAdi utkIrNita kie jAte the| aise AyAga kauzAmbI se bhI prApta hue haiN| lakhanaU myUjiyama meM kaMkAlI TIle kA eka hI AyAga paTTa prApta hai jisameM ullikhita paMktiyAM prAcInatama AyAgapaTTa kI nizAnI haiN|

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340 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha isa AyAgapaTTa para saptaphaNoM vAlI pArzvaprabhu kI pratimA aMkita hai jo sabase prAcInatama hai, isameM pArzvaprabhu ke dAe bAMe eka eka digambara muni namaskAra mudrA meM khar3e haiM, paTTa ke cAroM ora kamala tathA aMgUra kI beliyAM (vallariyoM) samalaMkRta haiN| ise IhAmRgoM evaM zrI vatsoM se sajAyA gayA hai| sapta phaNAvalI kA chatra lagA hai tathA phaNoM ke Upara eka stambha para lagI patAkA laharA rahI hai| . (2) mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta eka caukI para prabhu pArzva kI nAmAMkita caukora prastara paTTikA prApta hai| kisI kAraNa se prabhu kI pratimA to naSTa ho gaI hai para paTTikA para nimna lekha pArzva pratimA kI upasthiti kA saMketa detI hai yathA : "sthAnikiye kule gatisya uggahiniyaziyo vAcako ghoSako arhato pArzvasya prtimaa"| yadyapi isameM saMvatsarAdi kAla kA ullekha na hone se uparyukta AyAga paTTa se bhI prAcIna pratIta hotI hai| saMbhavata: kuSANakAla se bhI prAcIna hai| (3) lakhanaU myUjiyama meM 44 ga 65 se.mI. AkAra kI bhUre raMga ke valuA patthara para pArzva prabhu kA sira vidyamAna hai| sirpha phaNAvalI se hI yaha pArzva pratimA jJAta hotI hai yaha huviSka va vAsudeva ke zAsanakAla kI nirmita pratIta hotI hai| yahAM pArzva prabhu ke tIna sira aura haiM jo phaNAvalI yukta haiN| sAtha hI kalApUrNa aSTa mAMgalika dravya aMkita haiN| inameM cakra, nandIpAda, triratna puSpagucchaka, ghaTa, zrIvatsa, mIna yugala svastika Adi sundara DhaMga se ukere gae haiN| (4) huviSka saM. 58 kI eka pArzva pratimA kaMkAlI TIle se prApta hai| pahale yaha zIrSa vihIna thI bAda meM sira tor3a kara jor3a diyA haiN| caraNa caukI para aMkita hai "huviSka saMvatsare aSTApana-----" yaha saMvatsara aMkoM meM na hokara zabdoM meM likhita hai| sarpaphaNa ke bhItara havA meM ur3atA huA

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prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM 341 ... deva bar3e kalApUrNa DhaMga se aMkita hai tathA pIche azoka vRkSa kA aMkana * kalAtmaka hai| (5) kaliga jina (pArzvanAtha) - inakA koI sAhityika pramANa to nahIM hai para purAtAtvika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para ise pArzvanAtha kI pratimA siddha karate haiN| khaNDagiri udayagiri kI guphAoM ke pAsa eka ananta 'nAma kI guhA khaNDa hai jisase daravAje ke khambhoM para tIna phaNa vAle sarpayugala aMkita hai jisase siddha hotA hai ki kaliGga meM pArzvanAtha kI pUjA hotI thii| magadha kA rAjA nandarAja AkramaNa ke sAtha sAtha kaliGga jina ko bhI sAtha le gayA thaa| jaba samrATa khAravela ne nandarAja se kaliMga jina vApasa lene ke lie yuddha kiyA to tatkAlIna rAjAoM ko parAstakara bahumUlya ratna, maNiyAM, sonA Adi puSkala dravya sAtha lAyA thA aura ketumadra nirmita nIma ke lakkaDa nirmita pratimA kA julUsa nikalavAyA thaa| kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandra ne triSaSThi zalAkA carita ke 93 parva ke tIsare sarga ke 11 chanda meM kauzala deza kA rAjA prasenajita naravarmana kA putra thaa| usakI putrI prabhAvatI atyAdhika sundara thii| vaha pArzvaprabhu ke guNa suna kara unake prati anurakta ho gaI aura kauzalAdhIza prasenajita prabhAvatI kA pArzvanAtha ke sAtha vivAha ke lie taiyAra ho ge| para Asa pAsa ke rAjAoM ko yaha svIkRta nahIM huA aura kauzala para AkramaNa kara diyaa| taba prasenajita ne pArzvaprabhu se sahAyatA mAMgI to unhoMne virodhiyoM ko mAra bhagAyA tathA prabhAvatI se zAdI krlii| para digambara AmnAya meM pArzvanAtha brahmacArI rhe| una dinoM kaliMga ke adhipati yavana the| yaha to suprasiddha hI hai ki sarpa pArzvanAtha kA cinha thA ata: ananta gumphA aura rAnIgamphA ke daravAjoM para sarpa aura yavana sainikoM kA utkIrNita honA spaSTa dyotita karatA hai ki kaliMga jina pArzvanAtha hI the| koI jijJAsu anusaMdhitsu vidvAna kaliMga jina para zodha karatA hai to itihAsa kI zrRMkhalA meM bahumUlya yogadAna hogaa| DaoN. zAha kI nimna paMktiyAM anveSakoM ko atyAvazyaka hai|

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342 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha * "Each door way of Anant Gumpha is adorned with a pair of three hooded snakes on its arches. This is interesting because of. the possible association of Parsvanath with Kalinga. Mr. Marsall says this cave belongs to a date not much earlier than the first century B.C. - Sh. V.P. Shah (6) mathurA (kaMkAlI TIle) ke stUpa sarva prasiddha to haiM para bahuta prAcIna bhI haiN| bauddhoM kA dAvA hai stUpa nirmANa kalA unhoMne prArambha kI para mathurA ke devanirmita stUpa to lagabhaga 800 varSa IsA pUrva ke nirmita haiN| devanirmita isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki ye hIre, motI, pannoM Adi ratna rAzi se khacita the| isakA kaI bAra jIrNoddhAra aura punanirmANa kiyA alIgar3ha ke ToDara sAhU ne yahAM 517 jinastUpoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isa stUpa ke dAMI ora do tIrthaMkara pRthvI para baiThe haiM tathA bAMI ora bhI do tIrthaMkara baiThe haiN| bAMyI ora ke aMtima tIrthaMkara ke pUrva : saptaphaNAvalI vAle pArzvaprabhu virAjamAna haiN| isa para 99 kA varSa aMkita hai jo vAsudeva ke rAjyakAla kI ora iMgita karatA hai| . (7) udayagiri (vidizA) meM gupta saM. 106 (425-26 e.DI.) meM kumAra gupta prathama ke samaya kI pArzvaprabhu kI vizAla pratimA hai| pAsa hI eka khaNDita pArzva kI pratimA bhI hai| (8) gvArasapura (vidizA) jo mAlA devI maMdira se vikhyAta hai vahAM kI eka atisundara pArzvaprabhu kI pratimA hai| yaha pratimA alavarTa myUjiyama landana meM hai, yaha mUrti dhAtakI vRkSa ke nIce padmAsana mudrA meM virAjamAna hai jisa para meghakumAra ko tUphAnI upasarga karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| nAgoM ke rAjA sarpa kI phaNAvalI unake sira para surakSA hetu utkIrNita hai| tathA sarpiNI (padmAvatI) phaNAvalI kI surakSA hetu bar3A vizAla chatra lie hae aMkita hai| pratimA ke agala bagala puSpamAlA lie vidyAdhara AkAza meM ur3ate hue aMkita haiN| saba se Upara Dhola bajAtA huA hAtha dikhAI detA hai nIce do dvArapAla dharmacakra lie hue aMkita haiN| isa pratimA kA nirmANa kAla sAtavIM sadI ke AsapAsa hI lagatA hai|

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prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM 343 (9) pArzvaprabhu kI sarvatobhadra (caturmukhI) pratimA vidizA myUjiyama meM vidyamAna hai jo nAga kI kuNDalI para dhyAna mudrA meM virAjamAna saptaphaNoM vAlI hai| isake nIce dono ora do caMvara dhAriNI kI pratimA ke sAtha sAtha do siMha utkIrNita haiM aura bIca meM dharmacakra banA hai| phaNAvalI ke donoM ora puSpamAlA lie havA meM ur3ate hue vidyAdhara dikhAe gae haiM jo devadundubhi bajA rahe haiN| sundaratA ke lie chatradhArI bhI dikhAe gae haiN| yaha bhI sAtavIM sadI kI lagatI hai| (10) kArItalAI (jabalapura) kI pArzvaprabhu kI sarvatobhadrikA prApta hai jo mahanta ghAsIdAsa kI smRti svarUpa myUjiyama meM avasthita hai| jo dhyAna mudrA meM sapta faNoM se alaMkRta hai, caukI para bIca meM dharmacakra aMkita hai| usake dono ora viparIta mudrA meM do siMha aMkita haiM tathA donoM ora do caMvaradhAriNiyAM atyadhika kalApUrNa DhaMga se susajjita hai| vahIM para sundara galIcA bhI ukerA gayA hai tathA cAroM ora borDara para nakkAzI kI gaI hai| isakA eka bhAga Asana se vikIrNa ho gayA hai| sira ke Upara do mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara aMkita haiN| pratimA nAsAgra dRSTi ., meM tathA bAla ghugharAlI dazA meM pIche kI tarapha mur3e haiN| baiThane kI mudrA tathA hAtha zarIra ke sAtha tribhuja sA banAe hue haiN| isakA racanAkAla .: chaThI yA sAtavI sadI ke AsapAsa kA lagatA hai| . . (11) nacanAkuThAra (pannA) se prApta saptaphaNI pArzvaprabhu dhyAna mudrA meM sAMpa kI kuNDaliyoM para virAjamAna hai jisa ke Asa pAsa indra aura upendra tribhaMgI mudrA meM aMkita hai jinake hAthoM meM caMvara bhI hai| pratimA samacaturastha mudrA meM, nAsAgra dRSTi dhAraNa kie hai| cehare se AdhyAtmika Ananda kA bhAva Tapaka sA rahA hai| gupta kAlIna kalA Adarza cehare para jhalaka rahI hai| satanA jile ke rAmavana sthita tulasI Azrama saMgrahAlaya meM yaha zreSTha pArzvaprabhu pratimA abhI vidyamAna hai| (12)nacanA kuThAra(pannA) ke pAsa hI eka zIrSa pahAr3I para pArzva prabhu kAyotsarga mudrA meM avasthita haiM jo cAroM ora se bar3e bhArI sarpa kI

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344 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kuNDaliyoM se lipaTe haiM aura Upara sapta phaNa aMkita hai| yaha binA kisI sahAre kI khaDI hai| yaha guptakAlIna pratimA sAtavI sadI ke lagabhaga kI pratIta hotI hai| (13) madhya pradeza kI eka ativismayakArI pArzva prabhu kI kAyotsarga pratimA kalakattA saMgrahAlaya meM (naM0 e 2541) vidyamAna hai jisapara kamaTha upasarga kI pUrNa jIvanta gAthA ukerI gaI hai, jisameM siMha, hAthI, bicchU, sarpa aura bhUtoM betAloM tathA anya duSTAtmAoM ko upasarga aura upadrava macAte hue kalApUrNa DhaMga se ukerA gayA haiM aura pratimA vaTavRkSa se . alaMkRta hai| isake pIche eka vizAla sarpa (dharaNendra) prabhu kI rakSA karate hue pIche se calatA huA, sapta phaNoM ko bar3I hI kuzalatA aura kalAkArI DhaMga se ukerA gayA hai| pArzva prabhu kI dAyIM ora yakSaNi padmAvatI dharaNendra ke sahAyaka rUpa meM hAtha meM kSatra dhAraNa kie hue sarpaH ke phaNoM para khar3I huI ukerI gaI hai| yaha pratimA chaThI zatAbdI kI anupama pratimA hai| (14) kahAyUM (devariyA) - gupta kAla kI pArzva prabhu kI pratimAeM bahuta hI kama milatI haiN| sana 1861-62 meM bhAratIya purAtatva ke prathama purodhA zrI kaniMghama ne yahAM jAMca par3atAla karavAI aura eka lekha meM vahAM ke zaila stambha kI carcA kI jisapara nimna zabdAvalI aMkita hai ..... madra ne AdikajenaRSabha, zAnti, nemi mahAvIra va pArzva" jisase jJAta hotA hai yahAM isa zaila para AdinAtha, zAntinAtha, neminAtha aura mahAvIra kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM aMkita hai tathA pArzva prabhu kI pratimA padamAsana mudrA meM utkIrNita hai| aisA pAMca mUrtiyoM vAlA stambha bar3A hI anUThA aura vismayakArI hai| tathA gupta kAla kI mahatvapUrNa kRti (15)baladeva (mathurA) se prApta pArzva prabhu kI cAra baiThI pratimAeM mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM vidyamAna haiN| pahalI pratimA sapta phaNoM ke nIce caukI para virAjamAna hai jinakA siMhAsana siMho dvArA uThAyA huA hai| dUsarI

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345 prabhu pArzva kI katipaya. kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM pratimA kI caukI para madhya bhAga meM dharmacakra aMkita hai| pArzva prabhu saptaphaNoM ke nIce dhyAnastha mudrA meM virAjamAna hai| yaha naMdI AnaMdI baladeva se lAI gaI thii| yaha pratimA guptakAla ke pUrvI madhyakAla kI hai| tIsarI pratimA guptoM ke madhyakAla kI hai| isameM eka mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara surakSita bacA huA dikhAI detA hai| isa pratimA ko kosI kalA (mathurA) meM lAyA gayA thaa| inake atirikta eka padmastha pArzvaprabhu kI pratimA kagarUla (AgarA) se lAkara mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM susaMgrahIta hai| (16) tritIrthI pArzvaprabhu (saptaphaNI) - vArANasI se prApta lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM eka atyadhika mohaka pratimA sarpaphaNI pArzva prabhu kI virAjamAna hai| bIca meM eka phaNa truTita hai, yaha suramAI raMga ke patthara kI tritIrthI hai caukI ke agala bagala meM eka-eka siMha utkIrNita hai tathA madhya meM dharmacakra aMkita hai, bAyIM ora vaMdana mudrA meM eka upAsikA baiThI hai tathA dAyIM ora eka sarpaphaNa veSTita do bhujA padmAvatI bhI utkIrNita hai| isake viparIta dizA meM sarpamaNDita dharaNendra khar3e haiN| mUla pratimA ke dAyIM bAyIM ora eka eka tIrthaMkara padmAsana mudrA meM baiThe haiM tathA sajAvaTa ke lie sundara kamala kA aMkana hai| sarpa ko pairoM ke pIche se pRSTha bhAga se calakara sira para phaNAvalI utkIrNita hai| donoM ora ... mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara aMkita haiM, phaNAvalI para trichatra aMkita haiM, usake Upara deva duMdubhi vAdaka baiThA hai| ..(17)madhyayugIna sarvatobhadra pArzva prabhu - mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM padmAsana mudrA meM saptaphaNI pArzva prabhu kI pratimA aMkita hai| lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM bhI aisI tIna mUrtiyAM haiM jo zaurIpura vaTezvara tathA AgarA se lAkara rakhI gaI hai| eka aura ati manohara bhare patthara kI pArzva prabhu kI pratimA navIM sadI kI eTA janapada ke sarAyaathata grAma se prApta hai| dUsarI prabhu pArzva duhare kamala kI gaddI para kAyotsarga mudrA meM aMkita hai aura nIce cAroM ora caumukhI ke do do graha sUrya, candra, maMgala, budha, bRhaspati, zukra, zani va rAhu Adi aMkita haiN| tIsarI phaijAbAda se AI hai| 10vIM

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346 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha sadI ke lagabhaga kI lagatI hai isake ghuTane tathA phaNa TUTe haiM parantu caumukhI se Upara kamala dala atikalApUrNa DhaMga se sundara pUrvaka sajA . huA surakSita hai| (18)mAnastambha para pArzvaprabhu - bhUre raMga ke mAnastambha para pArzvaprabhu kI pratimA ke sAtha-sAtha anya tIrthaMkara pratimAeM aMkita haiM, inameM se cAra Upara kAyotsarga mudrA meM tathA cAra nIce padmAsana mudrA meM baiThI haiN| do : khambhoM dvArA nirmita laghu maMdira meM prabhupArzva kI pratimA dhyAnastha mudrA meM virAjamAna hai| yaha mAnastaMbha ilAhAbAda se lakhanaU myUjiyama meM lAyA gayA thaa| inake sira para sapta phaNoM kI chAyAtmaka phaNAvalI hai . tathA nIce caukI para sarpa kI pUMcha suspaSTa dikhAI detI hai| . (19)prabhupArzva kA AvakSa - zrAvastI se lAyA yaha AvakSa mAtra bhUre raMga ke sapheda patthara kI kAyotsarga pratimA hai| yaha sapta phaNoM kI chatrachAyA meM vidyamAna hai| lagatA hai isa pratimA ko tor3a diyA gayA hogA isase AvakSa mAtra hI avaziSTa rahA, isakA patthara bahuta ghisa gayA hai| (20)paMcatIrthI prabhupArzva - lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai isakA AkAra 57 ga 44 seM.mI. hai yaha bhUre raMga ke retIle. patthara se nirmita hai| siMhAsana ke dAyeM bAyeM eka-eka siMha tathA madhya meM dharmacakra aMkita hai| pratimA padmAsana meM pUrNatayA alaMkRta Asana dhyAnastha mudrA meM virAjamAna hai, sira para sapta phaNAvalI chAyAtmaka dazA meM aMkita hai| sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM donoM ora suspaSTa dikhatI haiN| ghuTanoM ke pAsa donoM ora eka-eka caMvaradhAriNI banI hai tathA donoM tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| Upara vidyAdhara yugala hai jo bahuta adhika ghisa gae haiN| isa para koI lekha nahIM hai| anumAna hai yaha 10vIM sadI meM nirmita ho zrAvastI se lAI gaI thii| (21)vRhatkAya padmAsanastha pArzva prabhu (zvetAmbara) - kaMkAlI ,TIle se prApta yaha vRhatkAya pratimA lakhanaU myUjiyama meM hai| yaha gahare kAle patthara kI hai jo ati rocaka aura manohara hai| AkRti 170 ga 133 ga 70 se.mI. hai| dhyAnastha mudrA meM donoM ora sarpakuNDalI spaSTa dikhAI detI

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prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM 347 hai| Asana pAMca phUloM se sajAyA gayA hai| isameM se tIna phUla to sarpa puccha kI taraha ukere gaye haiM bAkI do phUla dAyeM bAyeM Adhe-Adhe haiN| sira para dhuMgharAle bAla tathA uSNISa banI hai, gardana para rekhAeM haiM, vakSasthala para gola cakra jaisA zrIvatsa ukerA gayA hai, donoM bagaloM se sarpa kI kuNDalI nikalatI sI dikhAI gaI hai| pratimA kA aMkana ati manojJa evaM lAvaNya pUrNa hai| isa para aMkita lekha se ise deva nirmita kahA jAtA hai| mUla lekha isa prakAra hai "saMvata 1036 kArtika zukla ekAdasmAM zrIzvetAmbara mUla saMgheta paMcimatampI, kAyAM zrI deva nirmita pratimA pratiSThApitA" IsvI sana 979 ko kArtika sudI ekAdazI ko zvetAmbara mUla saMgha ne isa deva nirmita prabhu ko sthApita kiyA thaa| .yaha dhyAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara AmnAya ke prAcIna grathoM meM kamaTha kA upasarga dharaNendra, padmAvatI tathA phaNAvalI sahita chatrAdi kI koI carcA nahIM hai| yaha to bahuta kAla bAda madhya yuga meM pracalita huI hai| sarpa kA pArzva se koI saMyoga nahIM haiN| (22)mahobA ke pArzva prabhu - yaha pratimA lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM virAjamAna hai| yaha ati bhUre patthara kI rocaka aura atyadhika ramya jIvanta pratimA hai| isakA AkAra 43 ga 25 se.mI. hai - ye siMhAsana para .dhyAnastha hai bAMI ora zAsana devI padmAvatI ukerI gaI hai jisapara tIna chatra phaNAtmaka haiM aura dAIM ora caMvaradhArI dharaNendra khar3e haiN| una para bhI tIna phaNoM vAlA chatra banA hai, bIca meM sapta phaNAvalI se yukta pArzva prabhu virAjamAna haiN| saptaphaNAvalI ke Upara trichatra ukere gaye haiM jisapara deva duMdubhi vAdaka apanI duMdubhi bajA rahe haiN| mUrti ke dAeM bAeM aura havA meM ur3ate hue mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara ukere gae haiM, caukI kI bAyIM tarapha picchI lie muni tathA dAyIM ora upAsaka yugala.utkIrNita haiN| yaha pratimA 11-12vIM sadI kI caMdela zAsana kAlIna lagatI hai yaha mahobA se lakhanaU myUjiyama lAI gaI thI, nizcita yaha ati viziSTa pratimA kalAkArI se paripUrNa atyadhika rocaka aura dRSTavya hai| mahobA

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348 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 'mahotsavanagara ke nAma se prasiddha eka samRddha aura sampanna vyApArika sthala thaa| (23)binA phaNAvalI ke pArzva prabhu - yaha bar3I adbhuta pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM avasthita hai| isakI mahattA isase jJAta hotI hai ki isa para phaNAvalI nahIM hai, nAsAgra dRSTi hai tathA caukI para utkIrNita kamala para khar3e haiM, bAyeM-dAyeM ora upAsaka aura upAsikA aMkita haiM, tathA donoM ora caMvaradhArI aMkita haiN| sarpa ko pArzva ke pairoM se pIche kI ora ukerA gayA hai| kuNDaliyA~ donoM tarapha spaSTa dikhAI detI haiM / Azcarya hai ki phaNAvalI kyoM nahIM banAI maI? eka aura vizeSatA hai ki hAtha : kI thor3I sI thapakI dete hI yaha pratimA jhaMkRta ho uThatI hai| isakA AkAra 78.3 ga 27 se.mI. hai| lakhanaU myUjiyama meM avasthita hai| pratimA nirmAtA pratimA ke lie bar3e parizrama se una pattharoM ko cunate jina pattharoM meM cikanApana ho, sugaMdhita ho, susvara aura kaThora ho| dakSiNa ke mInAkSI mandira ke pattharoM meM bhI aisI hI dhvani nikalatI hai| isa taraha uparyukta do tIna kAraNoM se hI yaha pratimA mahanIya aura dRSTavya hai| yaha mahobA hamIrapura se lAkara lakhanaU myUjiyama meM surakSita rakhI gayI hai| (24)caturbhujI dharaNendra aura padmAvatI vAle pArzva prabhu - zaurIpura vaTezvara (AgarA)se prApta kAyotsarga mudrA meM bhUre raMga kI pratimA ati vicitra hai| isakA AkAra 64 ga 33 se.mI. hai, caraNa caukI ke donoM ora do khambhoM kA maMdira sA banA hai jahAM sapta phaNoM ke chatra ke nIce caubhujI padmAvatI baiThI hai| isake Upara AdhA inca caur3I paTTI hai jisa para prabhu pArzva kI pratimA kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3I hai| isake phaNa aura muMha TUTA huA hai, Upara trichatra ke nIce upAsaka aura upAsikA tathA caMvara dhArI aMkita haiN| Age bAyIM ora sarpaphaNoM ke nIce caturbhajI dharaNendra aura padmamAvatI ukere gaye haiN| isake Upara IhA mRga aMkita hai| do-do bAra yakSayakSiyoM kA nirmANa kisa hetu kiyA gayA hai patA nahIM cltaa|

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prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM 349 (25)yakSa-yakSI vihIna prabhu pArzva - saMvat 1120 kI nirmita zrI pArzva prabhu kI pratimA zrAvastI vaharAica se lAkara lakhanaU myUjiyama meM surakSita rakhI gayI hai| bhUre raMga ke patthara kI baiThI huI supArzvanAtha kI pratimA hai| caukI ke donoM ora eka eka siMha baiThA hai bIca meM dharma cakra aMkita hai| dAyeM bAyeM upAsaka aura upAsikAeM nirmita haiM Asana ke Upara eka vastra bichA hai jisakA eka konA sAmane laTaka rahA hai, isake Upara dhyAnastha pArzva prabhu virAjamAna haiN| saMyoga se yaha mUrti pUrNatayA sarvAMga surakSita hai| pArzva ke vakSasthala para sakarapAre ke AkAra kA zrI vatsa bAhara ko ubharA huA hai tathA kAna bahuta lambe ukere gaye haiM, dhuMdharAle bAloM ke Upara choTA uSNISa ukerA gayA hai| jisase AbhAsa hotA hai ki kalAkAra bauddhatva kA asara chor3anA cAhatA hai| pArzva prabhu ke agala bagala meM eka eka caMvaradhArI alaMkRta haiM inake Upara havA meM ur3ate hue vidyAdhara ukere gae haiN| donoM ke bAyIM ora kacha deviyAM ukerI gaI haiM jo bAMsurI aura vINA bajA rahI haiN| tatpazcAt donoM ora eka eka airAvata hAthI bhI ukere gae haiN| bAyIM ora ke hAthI para . baiThA savAra pUrNatayA surakSita baca gayA hai| donoM hAthiyoM aura sarpaphaNa . ke bIca eka trichatra tathA Amalaka ukere gae haiN| .(26) padmAvatI ke sira para prabhu pArzva - kalAtIrtha mahobA se prApta lakhanaU myUjiyama meM avasthita eka ati manojJa padmAvatI kI pratimA hai jisake cAroM ora kamala paMkhur3iyAM ukerI gaI haiN| isakA dA~yA ... ghuTanA kucha TUTA sA hai, mUrti ke donoM ora eka eka upAsaka tathA caMvaraM dhAriNI alaMkRta haiM, devI kA eka paira kamala para rakhA hai| devI caturbhujI hai isake Upara saptaphaNoM kA chatra ukerA gayA hai| inameM se kevala do phaNa avaziSTa haiM bAkI saba truTita haiN| sarpa phaNAvalI ke Upara dhyAnastha prabhu pArzva supratiSThita haiN| inake dAMye bAyeM caMbaradhArI tathA mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara ukere gae haiN| - (27)zirapura aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha - yaha sthAna mahArASTra ke akolA jile meM vAzima tAllukA sthita choTA sA grAma hai| aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha

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350 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha zrIpura ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| yahAM rela aura sar3aka dvArA pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| ise maMga nareza zrIpuruSa (779 I.) ne basAyA thA jo yahAM aMtarikSa meM sthita prabhu pArzva kI atizayapUrNa mahimA dekha kara prabhAvita hue the, isa pratimA ke mahAtmya se prabhAvita AcArya vidyAnanda jI ne (775-840 I.) zrIpura pArzvanAtha stavana nAmaka stotra kI racanA kI thii| yadyapi racanA 30 zloka mAtra hai para usase unake pANDitya evaM anya mata matAntaroM ke agAdha jJAna kA patA calatA hai| ve nyAyaM / ke yahAM mahAvAcaspati the, rAjA ela ne yahAM bahuta se jina bimba. banavAe the| isa pratimA kI vizeSatA hai ki yaha aMkSarikSa meM virAjamAna hai jisake nIce se ghor3e para baiThA savAra athavA sira para ghar3e dhare panihArine nikala jAtI thiiN| kAladoSa se aba itanA bhara raha gayA hai ki isake nIce se dhAgA, rumAla yA kAgaja nikala sakatA hai| muni zrI madana kIrti (1205 I.) ne apanI ". zAsana catustrizatikA" meM zrIpura / kI vaMdanA karate hue nimna zloka likhA hai : . patraMyatra vihAyasi pravipulesthAtaM kSaNaM na kSama. tatrA''ste guNaratna rohaNa giri yo deva devo mahAna! citraM na ''tra karoti kasya manaso dRSTa pure zrIpure sa zrIpArzva jinezvaro vijayate digvAsasAM zrI shaasnm| isa zloka kA padyAnuvAda AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ne nimna prakAra kiyA hai: patraTike na jahAM adhara meM guNarAnoM kA girivara ho, . kitanA vismaya kise nahIM ho calo dekhalo zirapura ko devoM ke bhI deva pArzva jina aMtarikSa meM zAnta rahe, .. yugoM yugoM taka digambaroM kA jina zAsana jayavaMta rhe| (28)ahicchetra prabhu pArzva - ahikSetra barelI jile kI AMvalA tahasIla ke. grAma meM sthita hai| Ajakala ise rAmanagara kahA jAtA hai| purAnA nAma saMkhyAvatI nagarI thaa| yahAM ke maMdira meM haritapannA kI prabhu pArzva kI

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prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM 351 pratimA virAjamAna hai| inheM tikhAla vAle bAbA kahA jAtA hai| phaNAvalI se yukta dhyAnastha prabhu ke pAda pITha para sarpa kA lAMchana utkIrNita hai| yaha atizaya pUrNa pratimA hai| isameM koI lekha na hone se kAla nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| yahAM grAmINa aMcala ke loga inheM "tikhAla vAle bAbA" kI jaya bolakara apanI manautiyAM pUrNa karate haiM / 29) masAra ke prabhu pArzva - saM 1876 (1819 I.) meM masAr3ha nagara ( kAsaya deza) ke jina maMdira meM arAmanagara ( ArA - zAhAbAda) ke bAbU zaMkaralAla tathA putroM ne pArzva prabhu kI pratimA samarpita kI thii| isameM bar3A lekha hai jisameM bhaTTArakoM tathA zaMkaralAla ke parivArika janoM kA ullekha hai| isa samaya bha. mahendra bhUSadha jI virAjamAna the (30) pabhosA ke prabhu pArzva sa. 1881 - (1824 I.) meM kASThA saMgha, mAthura gaccha, puSkara gaNa lohAcArya kI paramparA meM bha. lalitakIrti ke upadeza se prayAga nagara vAsI goyala gotriya rAmajI malla kI paramparA meM zrI hIrAlAla pabhosI (kauzambI) meM pArzva prabhu kI pratiSThA karAI thI / (31) tijArA ke prabhu pArzva - alavara jile kI tahasIla tijArA jo candra prabhu kI sAtizaya pratimA ke kAraNa prasiddha sthAna bana gayA hai, vahIM grAma meM pArzvanAtha kA prAcIna maMdira hai| yahAM pArzvanAtha kI sapheda pASANa kI padmAsana mudrA meM pratimAeM virAjamAna haiN| ye saM. 1500 ke bAda kI haiN| tAmrayaMtra tathA rajata yaMtra bhI haiM jinameM bhI jaina itihAsa ke tathya chipe par3e haiM inakA par3hA jAnA jarUrI hai| (32)kAsana : tijArA jAte hue mArga meM guDagAMva jilA kA eka choTA sA grAma hai| yahAM julAI 1997 meM eka makAna mAlika sepTika TaiMka ke gaDDhA khudavA rahe the to 6: phuTa kI nicAI para eka bar3hA ghar3A milA jisameM 12 pItala kI tathA eka pASANa kI 13 pratimAeM tathA tAmra yaMtra prApta hue| yahAM Ajakala bhaktoM kI itanI bhIr3abhAr3a hai ki kucha likha par3ha pAnA bar3A muzkila hai| vaise vyavasthApakoM ne batAyA ki ye saM.

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352 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 1300 se 1500 ke bAda kI haiM tAmra yaMtra utkIrNita hai para vivaraNa jJAta na ho skaa| kalA aura itihAsa kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa nahIM lgii| (33)mAlAdevI ke prabhupArzva : vidizA jile kI gyArasapura tahasIla meM mAlA devI kA maMdira purAtatvIya itihAsa meM ati mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha kalA evaM sthApatya kI dRSTi se ati mahatvapUrNa hai| jaba bhArata ke prathama rASTrapati sva. rAjendra bAbU lagabhaga 1952-53 meM yahAM kalA evaM sthApatya ko dekhane Aye the to usa samaya kI sArI riporTiMga maine bambaI navabhArata TAimsa ke lie bhejI thii| yahAM pAMca phuTa UMcI pASANa kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM eka pUrI caubIsI utkhanana meM prApta huI thI, mUrti atiramya aura manojJa hai, khajurAho kI zailI meM nirmita hai, mUrti ke sira para chatra hai| usake Upara saptaphaNAvalI utkIrNita hai, prabhu ke agala bagala meM puSpamAlA lie deviyAM khar3I haiM tathA cAroM ora 23 choTI choTI tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAeM pratiSThita haiM isakA nirmANa kAla dasavI sadI pratIta hotA hai| ise navanirmita maMdira meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| isa taraha kucha pArzva prabhu kI pratimAoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta hai| inake atirikta bhI aura bahuta sI pArzva pratimAeM hoMgI jinakA saMkalana ke lie prayatnarata honA caahie| munijanoM se vinamra prArthanA hai ki aise kAryoM ke lie samAja ko prerita kareM jisake lie eka vizAla dhrauvya phaMDa kI sthApanA ho| jisake dvArA pAMDulipiyoM kA keTalAga bane, purAne maMdiroM meM sthita mUrtiyoM kA bhI keTalAga taiyAra karAyA jAye, tAmrayaMtra aura rajatayaMtra bhI itihAsa ke parde ughAr3ane ke prabala strota haiN| hama 21vIM sadI meM jAne vAle haiM ata: hameM bhI tadapuruSa banane kA prayatna karanA caahie| nArtha amerikA meM jaina ekeDemika phAunDezana kI sthApanA ho gaI hai jisake antargata insAikilopIDiyA Apha jainijma ke prakAzana kI taiyAriyAM ho rahI haiN| eka aura saMsthA jainijma nyU ejeja kI taiyArI meM hai| yahAM merA choTA sA sujhAva hai ki jaba maMdiroM pAThazAlAoM ke adhikArI maMtrI adhyakSa ke cunAva hote haiM to bar3A kAMTe kA saMgharSa hotA hai aura yena kena prakAraNa adhikArI cune jAte

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prabhu pArzva kI katipaya kalApUrNa aitihAsika pratimAyeM 353 haiM para zAyada hI kisI maMtrI yA adhyakSa ko itanA jJAna ho ki inake maMdira meM kitanI pratimAeM kisa kAla kI haiM, pratiSThAcArya kauna the kisa zrAvaka ne pratiSThA kraaii.aadi| isI taraha pAMDulipiyoM kA hAla hai| cunAva ke samaya se saba bAteM sAmane AnI cAhieM bAkAyade unakA rajisTara meM ullekha ho / yA kerala kI bhAMti writer's guild jaise koApareTiva saMsthAeM bane aura vidvajjana svayaM apane hI bala aisA prayoga kareM / aMta meM una sabhI manISI vidvAnoM evaM myujiyama uttarAdhikAriyoM kA hRdaya se kRtajJa evaM AbhArI hUM jinake graMthoM lekhoM Adi se itanI sAmagrI saMkalita kara sakA hUM tathA citrAvalI DhUMDha sakA huuN| abhI kucha saMkalana mere pAsa aura bhI haiN| isa lekha meM citrAvalI ke kucha citroM kA varNana hai kucha kA nahIM /

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| prAcyazramaNa bhAratI dvArA prakAzita evaM pracArita pustakeM / 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 30. A0 zAntisAgara (chANI) jIvana paricaya (cAroM bhAga) 31. bhavya kalyANaka 2. triloyapaNNati (tInoM bhAga) 32. khabaroM ke bIca 3. DA. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya smRti graMtha 33. AzA ke suraH jIvana kA saMgIta pra0 A. zAntisAgara (chANI) smRti graMtha 34. ugatA sUraja 5. ArAdhanA kathA prabandha 35. jina khojA tina pAiyA~ 6. mahAvIra rAsa 36. jvalata samasyAeM zItala samAdhAna 7. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 37. pravacana paDho tanAva bhagAo.. 8. merI jIvanagAthA (bhAga do) 38. zAkAhAra eka jIvana paddhati 9. jainadharma 39. zAkAhAra evam vizva zAnti 10. jainazAsana 40. vizva zAnti evam ahiMsA parIkSaNa 11. prameya kamala mArtaNDa parizIlana 41. zAkAhAra vijaya 12. dharmaphala siddhAnta 42. zAkAhAra yA mAMsAhAra / phaisalA Apa 13. mAnavatA kI dhurI . svayaM kareM 14. madhyakAlIna jaina saTaka nATaka 43. mAdaka padArtha va dhumrapAna 15. SaGakhagaM'ma lekhana-kathA 44. garbhapAta ucita yA anucita : phaisalA 16. mukti patha kI ora ApakA 17. bhA. vAGmaya meM pArzvanAtha viSayaka sAhitya 18. sarAka kSetra 46. Vegetarian Nutrition 19. sarAka sarvekSaNa 47. jyoti dharrA 20. sarAkotthAna preraNA ke svara 48. samAja nirmANa meM mahilAoM kA yogadAna 21. sarAka jJAnAMjali 49. bhagavAna rAm 22. sarAka pragati kI rAha para 50. nAnI nAnI kaho kahAnI 23. smArikA : sarAka vidvatsaMgoSThI dillI. 51. baiTho - baiTho suno kahAnI 24. smArikA : A. kunda kunda rASTrIya saMgoSThI 52. saphara kI hamasaphara 25. smArikA : AcArya samantabhadra saMgoSThI meraTha 53. jaga jA mere lAla 26. jaina vijJAna rASTrIya saMgoSThI sahAranapura 54. DubakI lagAo motI pAo 27. jaina nyAya ko A0 akalaMka deva kA avadAna 55. burAI kI vidAI 28. pArzvanAtha saMgoSThI 56. luDakana rapaTana kampana kA sAthI 29. kSullaka vardhamAna sAgara jIvana paricaya 57. abhivaMdanA puSpa prApti sthAna prAcyA zramANa bhAratI 12/e, premapurI, nikaTa jaina mandira, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) - 251001 phona - (0131) 450228, 408601