Tattvartha Sutra

Author(s): Kevalmuni, Shreechand Surana
Publisher: Kamla Sadhanodaya Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004098/1

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vAcaka umAsvAti viracita tattvArthasUtra hindI vivecana sahita upAdhyAya zrI kevalamuni Jan Education Internationa For Personal & Private Use Only www.jatnelibrary.org

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// zrI mahAvIrAya namaH // OM Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AyariyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM. eso paMca NamokkAro, savva - pAvappaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savvesiM, paDhamaM havai maMgalam // For Personal & Private Use Only

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pa isa dvitIya saMskaraNa ke lie dharmAnurAgI dAtA zrI. miThAlAlajI kAMkariyA (adhyakSa zrI vardhamAna zve. sthA. jaina zrAvaka saMgha) sau. suMdarabAI kAMkariyA (auraMgAbAda) zrI kanhaiyAlAla mo. rUNavAla (akhila bhAratIya zve. sthA. jaina kaoNnpharansa) (mahArASTra prAMtIya upAdhyakSa) sau. kalAvatI kanhaiyAlAla rUNavAla (auraMgAbAda) zrI. popaTalAla lAlacaMda munota - sau. zazikalA popaTalAla munota (auraMgAbAda) For Personal & Private Use Only

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tatvArthasUtra isa dvitIya saMskaraNa ke lie dharmAnurAgI dAtA putra mAtozrI : zrImatI pAnakaMvarabAI ghevaracaMdajI coraDiyA patnI : zrImatI guNavaMtIbAI uttamacaMdajI coraDiyA dipaka uttamacaMdajI coraDiyA sau. maMjUzrI dipaka coraDiyA yogeza uttamacaMdajI coraDiyA sau. tRptI yogeza coraDiyA laDakI : sau. rAjazrI saMdipajI pophaliyA, yeravaDA, pUnA sau. jayazrI lalitakumArajI duggaDa, nAzika potA : yazakumAra, jayakumAra, darzana, diyA 298, ghorapaDI peTha, zAradA klinIka haoNspiTala ke sAmane, pUnA - 411042. phona : 26455411, 56207971, 56207972, mo. 9822647240 aeNDa. subhASa sakalecA (jAlanA) sva. nilezakumAra ke smRtI meM subhASacaMdajI surANA (auraMgAbAda) dAnazura, dharmaniSTha sva. zrI. uttamacaMdajI ghevaracaMdajI coraDiyA (janma: 22-47, svargavAsa 4-8-99 ) zrI. iMdaracaMda amalokacaMda saMcetI ( mahAmaMtrI, vardhamAna zve. sthA. jaina zrAvaka saMgha, au' bAda.) zrImAna tejarAjajI nagAvata (mhaisura) zrI pannAlAlajI koThArI zrI. jJAnacandajI manojakumArajI (baiMgalora) koThArI (baiMgalora) jaina divAkara saMghaTana samitI upAdhyakSa For Personal & Private Use Only

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vAcaka umAsvAti viracita (Agama pATha samanvaya yukta hindI vivecana) * vyAkhyAkAra * jainadivAkara prasiddhavaktA gurudeva zrI cauthamala jI mahArAja ke suziSya upAdhyAya zrI kevala muni pAvavarSa 2005 auraMgAbAda nagarI meM virAjita sva.mAlava siMhanI zrI kamalAvatI ma.sA. kI saziSyA pa.pU. upapravartinI mahAsatI zrI satyasAdhanAjI ma.sA .. . Adi ThANA 7 * sampAdaka * zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa' For Personal & Private Use Only

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* prakAzana varSa - dvitIya saMskaraNa vi. sa. 2531 zrAvaNa, dazamI 15 agasta, 2005 * DITIpI aeNNDa DijhAyaniMga patrikA buka seTara, divANa devaDI, auraMgAbAda. (mahA.) phona : (0240) 2340257 mobA : 9326 203055 * prakAzaka evam prApti sthAnaH zrI kamalA sAdhanodaya TrasTa dvArA : abhijIta satizajI desaraDA baMgalA naM. 13, rAjanagara sosAyaTI premanagara (gaNapati mandira ke bAjU meM) punA - 411 037. mo. 9850810101 zreyaMsa ejansI naM. 74/75, kaoNTana peTha, mena roDa, vaMdanA haoNTela ke pAsa, baiMgalora - 560 053. phona : 5122 1922, 5122 0204 lAgata mUlya ru. 150/vizeSa riyAyatI mUlya ru. 100/ For Personal & Private Use Only

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samarpaNasumana jinhoMne jaina AgamoM para vidvattApUrNa vistRta TIkAeM likhI / "tattvArthasUtra jainAgama" samanvaya jaise Agama sandarbha grantha kA praNayana kara jaina vidyA ke prAcIna strotoM ko samudghATita kiyA, ratnatraya kI samujjvala-sAdhanA kara jina zAsana kA gaurava bar3hAyA, una zrI va. sthA. jaina zramaNasaMgha ke prathamAcArya Agama-ratna mahodadhi ' AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja kI pAvana-smRti meM samarpita - upAdhyAya kevala muni For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzaka kI ora se bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pharamAyA hai - prANI kisase ghabarAtA hai ? - du:kha se / du:kha kisane kiyA ?- ajJAna aura moha ke vaza svayaM prANI ne / usa du:kha se chuTakArA kaise mile ? ' samyagadarzana-jJAna aura cAritra se / sthAnAMga samyagadarzana-jJAna -cAritra kI ArAdhanA kaise kare ? pahale inakA jJAna prApta kreN| phira ina para zradhdA kare / zradhdApurvaka AcaraNa kare / basa ise hI kahate hai, mokSamArga yA ratnatraya / isa mokSamArga evaM ratnatraya kA parijJAna karAne vAlA eka sArapUrNa grantha hai - tatvArtha sUtra / tatvArtha sUtra kI digambara-zvetAmbara donoM hI jaina paramparAoM meM vizeSa mahimA hai / yaha eka hI grantha jaina-darzana, dharma, AcAra Adi kA paricaya dene vAlA Agama darpaNa hai / mokSamArga ke icchuka pratyeka jijJAsu ko tatvArtha sUtra kA parizIlana karanA cAhie / - isake sUtra bahuta hI saMkSipta kintu sArapurNa hai / jinhe samajhane ke lie sarala vyAkhyA yA vivecanA kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| hamAre zradhdeya upAdhyAya zrI kevala munijI mahArAja kI bahuta samaya se bhAvanA thI ki tatvArtha sUtra para sarala vivecana kiyA jAya aura sAtha hI jijJAsu pAThakoM ko yaha bhI batAyA jAya ki ina sUtro va vivecanA kA AdhAra prAcIna Agama hai / prAcIna Agamo ke Adhara para hi inakI racanA huI hai, aura usI ke anusAra isakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / AcArya samrATa zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja kA 'tatvArtha sUtra - jainAgama samanvaya' grantha ko AdhAra banAkara isa sUtra kI prAmANika sundara vyAkhyA kI hai| upAdhyAya zrI kevala munijI kA vyaktitva bahu AyAmI hai / jaina zramaNo meM zAyada ve hI eka aise santa hai jinhone prAcIna arvAcIna jaina kathA sAhitya kI kathA-vidhA kA sUtra lekara naye pariveza meM sarvAdhika rocaka aura vipulaM mAtrA meM sAhitya prastuta kiyA hai / munizrI dvArA likhita kathA, kahAnI evaM upanyAsoM kI pustake cAlIsa ke lagabhaga hai / aura prAya: sabhI ke do-tIna saMskaraNa ho cuke hai / lalita gadya meM bhI munizrI ko 'jIne kI kalA', 'divya Aloka' Adi pustake bhI kAphI lokapriya huI hai| kahAnI, upanyAsa, kAvya lekhana ke bAda aba ApazrI ne tatvArthasUtra jaise jainadarzana ke hRdaya grantha ko udghATita kara apanI gaMbhIra adhyayana-zIlatA evaM bahuzrUtatA kA spaSTa lAbha samAja ko diyA hai / yaha grantha munizrI kI pragADha vidvattA aura Agamo ke gahana jJAna va akSuNNa zradhdA kA amara kirti stambha banakara rhegaa| isa dvitIya saMskaraNa prakAzana me zrI vardhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina zrAvakasaMgha auraMgAbAda , sthAnakavAsI jaina zrAvakasaMgha punA, zrI harakacaMdajI pArakha, vijayakAMtajI koThArI, khubIlAlajI soLaMkI, sau.rAjazrI sunIlakumArajI pArakha, yogezajI cauraDIyA, zrI sukhalAlajI jaina, jAlanA, (kukuMloLa) zrI udayarAjajI pArasamalajI daka ,hunsura (mhaisUra), zrI chaganalAlajI prakAzacaMdajI pravINakumArajI nagAvata, naMjanaguDa (mhaisura), sau.anItA kAntikumArajI jaina(polakhola) sau. kalAbAI kacarulAlajI ostavAla, auraMgAbAda , aeNDa. subhASa sakalecA, jAlanA inakA amulya sahayoga rahA / isa dvitIya saMskaraNa ke praNetA sva.mAlava siMhanI zrI kamalAvatI ma.sA.kI suziSyA pa.pU. upapravartinI mahAsatI zrI satyasAdhanAjI ma.sA. hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pharamAyA hai| sva- kathya cattAri paramaMgANi, dullahANI ya jaMtuNo / mANusatta suI saddhA, saMjamammi ya vIriyaM // arthAt isa anAdi - ananta saMsAra cakra meM paribhramaNa karate hue AtmA ko (mokSa prApti ke lie atyAvazyaka) cAra aMgoM kI prApti uttarottara durlabha hai, ve aMga haiM (1) manuSyatva, (2) dharmazravaNa (3) dharmazraddhA aura (4) saMyama meM purUSArtha / - manuSyatva prApta hone para bhI saddharma kA zravaNa bahuta durlabha hai| kyoMki manuSya janma pAne ke bAda bhI jaba taka Arya kSetra, uttama jAti, uttama kula, sarvAMga paripUrNatA, nIrogatA, pUrNa puNya, paralokapravaNa buddhi nahIM prApta hotI taba taka samyak zruta zravaNa kA avasara upalabdha nahIM hotA / - - - uttarA 03/1 sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki samyak zruta kA zravaNa samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke lie anivArya hai| kyoMki inakI prApti ke uparAnta hI saMyama meM parAkrama athavA samyakcAritra kA pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai| yAnI samyakcAritra ko vyavahAra meM 'ahiMsA' zabda se bhI upalakSita kiyA jAtA hai, ahiMsA cAritra kA saMketa - zabda hai / isIlie bhagavAna ne kahA hai paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA ) arthAt ( pahale jJAna prApta karo, phira dayA kA pAlana 'dayA' se yahA~ samyakcAritra hI abhipreta hai| - isa prakAra mokSa - mArga kI pahalI kar3I hai - samyakjJAna / madhya kA bindu jo donoM ko jor3atA hai, vaha hai - samyak zraddhA (darzana) aura aMtima kar3I hai - samyakcAritra / yaha trikoNa jur3akara banatA hai - mokSamArga / mokSamArga kI ora gatizIla sAdhaka, cAhe vaha zramaNa ho yA zrAvaka, usake lie jJAnaprApti anivArya hai| jJAna cakSu hai, jJAna Aloka hai, NANaM cakkhU, NANaM payAsayaraM - Adi vacana yaha batAte haiM ki sAdhanA patha para bar3hane vAle sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama jJAna (samyagjJAna) devatA kI ArAdhanA karanI par3atI hai| - saM vara prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM zramaNoM ko hI nahIM zrAvakoM ko bhI jJAna kA parama upAsaka, sAdhaka batAyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM ullekha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zrAvaka jJAna ke gahare abhyAsI hote the - " abhigaya jIvA - jIvA, uvaladdha puNNa-pAvA, Asava-nijjara-kiriyAhigaraNaM- baMdha - mokkha - kusalA " - yaha una zrAvakoM kA vAstavika paricaya hai| jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa, Astrava - saMvara, nirjarA- kriyAdhikaraNa, baMdha-mokSa ina tattvoM kA jJAna prApta kara ve kuzala tattvavAdI zrAvaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha the / isase yaha bhI dhvanita ho gayA hai ki sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jJAna kI dizA - AtmAbhimukhI hotI hai| Atma svarUpa arthAt jIva - ajIva Adi navatattva kA jJAna hI sAdhaka ke lie mukhya abhipreta hai| sAdhaka sarvaprathama navatattva kA jJAna prApta kara Age sAdhanA - kSetra meM kuzalatApUrvaka bar3ha sakatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 6 ) prAcIna samaya meM jJAna prApti ke mukhya strota Agama the / Agama kA adhyayana aura zravaNa pratyeka zramaNa eMva zrAvaka ke lie anivArya thA / AgamoM ke bAda prakIrNaka, cUrNi, bhASya Adi granthoM kI bhI racanA huI / aneka AcAryoM ne apanI-apanI sujha bujha ke anusAra svataMtra granthoM kI bhI racanA kI aura apane-apane ziSya samudAya meM unake adhyayana Adi kI paramparA cAlU kii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa pazcAt dhIre-dhIre prAkRta bhASA ke jJAna kI dhArA bhI kSINa ho gayI, Agama jJAna bhI lupta-sA hone lagA aura anya naye-naye granthoM kI racanAe~ hone lagIM / ataHzrutajJAna ke abhyAsI ko samagra jainadarzana (navatattva ) kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie aneka granthoM ko TaTolanA par3atA thA / unakI bhASA prAkRta-zaurasenI * mizrita evaM pratipAdana zailI gambhIra hone se prArambhika vidyArthiyoM (zaikSoM) ke lie bar3I durUha va samajhane meM jaTila ho gaI thI / AvazyakatA AviSkAra kI jananI hai| tattvArtha sUtra kA praNayana bhI yuga kI ukta jaTila samasyA kA sthAyI samAdhAna aura mahatI AvazyakatA kI sampUrti thI / tattvArtha sUtra jisakA pUrA nAma hai - tattvArthAdhigama-sUtra ( tattvoM kA jJAna karAne vAlA saMkSipta grantha) zvetAmbara eMva digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM yaha grantha mAnya hai| yaha samagra jaina-darzana kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| isakI zailI bahuta hI saMkSipta-sArapUrNa tathA bhASA lalita-sugama hai| Aie, isakI racanA evaM svarUpa Adi viSayoM kI pahale saMkSipta jAnakArI kara leM / granthakAra paricaya tattvArtha sUtra ke racanAkAra hai, vAcaka umAsvAti / jaina itihAsa meM ye umAsvAmi yA umAsvAti ke nAma se hI prasiddha haiN| kahA jAtA hai - unakI mAtA kA nAma 'umA' thA pitA the 'svAti' / prArambha meM sambhavataH unakA nAma kucha anya rahA hogA, kintu mAtA-pitA ke prati ananya bhakti va upakAra * bhAvanA kI smRtisvarUpa unhoMne svayaM ko 'umAsvAti' nAma se hI prasiddha kara diyA / - tattvArtha sUtra para svayaM racita kArikAoM meM unhoMne apanA paricaya 'umAsvAti' ke rUpa meM hI diyA hai| gyAraha aMgo ke jJAtA ghoSanandI kSamA-zramaNa ke pAsa unhone dIkSA grahaNa kI, tathA vAcaka vaMza ke mukhya AcArya 'zivazrI' ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana kiyA / AcArya umAsvAti bar3I kuzAgra medhA ke dhanI the| AgamoM ke atirikta anya aneka viSayoM kA gambhIra jJAna bhI unhoMne prApta kiyaa| usa yuga meM jaina zramaNoM meM saMskRta bhASA kA adhyayana upekSita-sA thA, parantu Apane prAkRta Adi bhASAoM ke samAna hI saMskRta bhASA para bhI pUrNa adhikAra prApta kara usameM grantha racanA kI / kahA jAtA hai- Apane 500 granthoM kI racanA kI / vartamAna meM inakI prazamarati (prakaraNa ) eMva tattvArtha sUtra do racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| tattvArtha sUtra - eka aisI kRti hai jo umAsvAti ke gambhIra zAstrajJAna, adbhUta bhASA jJAna, racanA kauzala aura utkRSTa pratibhA kA paricaya dene meM paryApta hai| isa racanA ne na kevala umAsvAti ko amara banA diyA, balki bhAratIya darzana sAhitya ke gagana meM unheM eka tejasvI nakSatra ke samAna sadA-sadA ke lie sthApita kara diyaa| unake pUrva jIvana ke viSaya meM aneka vidvAnoM ne khoja kI hai kintu koI vizeSa For Personal & Private Use Only

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(7 ) jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM huI / unake samaya ke viSaya meM bhI mata- bheda hai| lambI carcAoM ke bAda vidvAnoM ne vikrama kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI kA samaya nizcita kiyA hai| gRntha paricaya tattvArtha-sUtra : antaraMga -bAhya pariveza tattvArtha sUtra jaina -tattvajJAna kA viziSTa saMgrAhaka grantha hai| isa grantha meM samyagdarzanajJAna-cAritra-ratnatrayI kA yuktipUrNa nirUpaNa, chaha dravya aura pA~ca astikAyoM kA vivecana, bhUgola-khagola sambadhI jaina mAnyatAe~, jJAna aura jJeya kI samucita vyavasthA tathA navatatvoM kA sarvAMgINa vivecana huA hai| jaise koI kuzala kalAkAra muktA-maNiyoM ko kramaza: sajAkara adbhuta hAra banA detA hai, vaisI hI saMgraha-kuzalatA kA darzana isa kRti meM hotA hai| ApakI isa adbhuta saMgraha-kuzalatA se hI prabhAvita hokara AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai upaumAsvAti saMgrahItAra: (jaina tattvoM ke saMgrAhaka AcAryoM meM umAsvAti prathama (utkRSTa aura anupama) haiN|) vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki tattvArtha sUtra meM jaina tattvajJAna kA koI bhI viSaya chor3A nahIM gayA hai| lagabhaga sabhI viSayoM kA sUtra rUpa meM samAveza isa grantha meM baDI kuzalatApUrvaka kara diyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI isakI racanA zailI bhI viziSTa aura subodha hai| tattvArthasUtra kI Antarika vizeSatAeM koI bhI racanA lokapriya tabhI hotI hai, jaba usameM kucha aisI Antarika viziSTatAe~ hoM jo sarvajanamAnya, vidvad samAja aura sAmAnya pAThakoM ke lie jJAnavarddhaka eMva subodha tathA sArvakAlIna tathyoM se paripUrNa hoN| tattvArtha sUtra meM aisI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM / isameM se kucha kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA jA rahA hai - (1) racanA zailI - yaha prastuta grantha kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| yaha grantha sUtra zailI meM likhA gayA hai| prAcIna AcAryoM ne sUtroM kI aneka vizeSatAe~ batAI haiM, unameM se pramukha vizeSatAe~ haiM-sUtra choTe hoM, vyAkaraNa-doSoM se rahita hoM, unakA artha spaSTa ho, paraspara visaMvAditA na ho| isa kasauTI para kasane se prastuta grantha ke sUtra ke sUtra pUrNatayA khare utarate haiM, inameM kahIM bhI vaiSamya, visaMvAditA aura aspaSTatA nahIM hai| pratyeka sUtra svayaM meM svataMtra aura pUrNa hote hue bhI Age-pIche ke sUtroM se sambandhita hai| - dUsarI bAta isameM na tArkika zailI apanAI gaI hai aura khaMDana maMDana kI hI pravRttI hai apitu sarala, subodha bhASA me tattvoM kA pramANa purassara nirUpaNa kara diyA hai| (2) viSaya-varNana-prastuta grantha kA viSaya vItarAga arhantadeva dvArA praNIta mokSamArga kA nirUpaNa karanA hai| yaha isake prathama sUtra se hI jJAta ho jAtA hai| isase yaha bAta bhI ujAgara hotI hai ki jaise 'kalA' kalA ke lie nahI; jIvana ke lie hai, vaise hI 'jJAna' jJAna ke lie nahIM, vaha jIvana kalyANa arthAt jIvana kA carama lakSya-mokSa prApta karane ke lie hai| jaina darzana kI vizeSatA hai ki isameM vicAra aura AcAra ko samAna mahattva diyA gayA hai| eka ke abhAva meM dUsarI kAryakArI nahIM hotaa| donoM ke samanvaya se hI kArya athavA For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 8 ) lakSya prApti me saphalatA prApta hotI hai. isa dRSTi se viSaya ko jJAna-mImAMsa, jJeyamImAMsA aura cAritra mImAMsA-ina tIna bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArtha sUtra meM varNya viSaya ko dasa adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| inameM se prathama adhyAya meM jJAna-mImAMsA kA vivecana hai, dusare se pA~cave adhyAya taka me 'jJeya-mImAMsA aura chaThe se dasaveM taka ke adhyAyoM meM 'cAritra-mImAMsA' vivecita hai| __prathama adhyAya meM jIvana ke bhAva (pariNAma), bheda prabheda, indriya, mRtyu aura agale janma ke bIca kA kAla (vigraha gati), zarIra, jAti, jIva kI TUTane aura na TUTane vAlI Ayu kA varNana hai| tIsare adhyAya meM naraka gati tathA adholoka kA paricaya, madhya loka meM manuSya kSetra kA varNaNa tathA manuSya evaM tiryaMca jIvoM kI Ayu Adi kA vivecana prApta hotA hai| cauthe adhyAya meM deva gati tathA Urdhva varNita hai| pA~cave adhyAya meM pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina pA~ca dravyoM kA vistRta varNana huA hai| isa prakAra tIsare-cauthe-pA~caveM adhyAya meM sampUrNa loka vicAraNA prApta hotI hai| . yaha tInoM adhyAya Adhunika vijJAna aura bhautika dravyoM ke anusaMdhAtAoM ke lie bhI patha-pradarzaka kI bhUmikA nibhA sakate haiN| chaThaveM se dasaveM abhyAsa taka cAritra -mImAMsA hai| cAritra-mImAMsA meM jIvana kI heya pravRttiyoM, unake hetu, mUla bIja,pariNAma Adi kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI una heya pravRttiyoM ke tyAga tyAga ke upAya, upAdeya pravRttiyoM ke grahaNa aura inase hone vAle pariNAma vicAraNIya viSaya haiN| chaThaveM adhyAya meM Astrava kA bahu AyAmI vivecana hai| __ sAtaveM adhyAya meM virati arthAt hiMsA Adi pApoM se viramaNa-vrata kA vivecana hai| isI meM gRhastha sAdhaka ke 12 vratoM kA aticAra sahita varNa hai| sAtha hI vratoM kI sthiratA hetu 25 bhAvanAe~ bhI batAI gaI haiM / AThaveM adhyAya meM karma-prakRtiyoM kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai / naveM adhyAya meM saMvara-nirjarA yaha do tattva varNita haiM / saMvara-nirjarA ke lakSaNa, inake upAya,sAdhana, bheda-prabheda Adi kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| anta meM vibhinna sthitiyoM ke jIvoM kI nirjarA kI taratamatA batA dI gaI hai| dasaveM adhyAya meM mukta jIvoM (jIvananmukta -arihaMta aura azarIrI siddhoM) kA varNana huA hai| isa prakAra sampUrNa tattvArtha sUtra meM ratnatrayI (samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra) rUpa sampUrNa mokSamArga vivecita huA hai / isI ke antargata sAta kiMvA nava tatva (Fundamental Elements) jIva,ajIvana, Astrava, saMvara, baMdha, puNya, pApa, nirjarA, aura mokSa-ina nau tattvoM kA sampUrNa vivecana huA hai| tattvArtha sUtra kA AdhAra ___ yahA~ pramukha prazna yaha hai ki AcArya umAsvAti ne jo nava tatvoM kA tathA mokSamArga kA vivecana prastuta grantha meM kiyA hai, usakA AdhAra kyA hai? kyA yaha unakI svatantra racanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai, athavA unhoMne apane dvArA nirmita sUtroM ke lie koI sabala, supuSTa aura sarvamAnya AdhAra rakhA hai ? ___ samyakazruta kA AvirbhAva tIrthaMkara kI vANI se huA, jise gaNadharoM ne bAraha aMgoM meM gUMthA tathA usakA anusaraNa karate hue anya zrutajJAnI AcAryoM ne anya granthoM kI racanA kI / phira bhI dvAdazAMga vANI pratyeka jaina ke lie, cAhe vaha kisI bhI sampradAya kA ho, mAnya hai, vizvasanIya hai aura zraddhA karane yogya hai| ina granthoM ko Agama kahA gayA hai| inakI saMkhyA battIsa hai| jaise - 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUla, 4 cheda aura Avazyaka sUtra / inakA pArAyaNa karanA, hRdayaMgama karanA samyagjJAna prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai aura inameM varNita tattvoM para zraddhA rakhanA samyagdarzana hai tathA inameM batAye gaye cAritra dharma kA pAlana karanA samyakcAritra hai| aura yahI mokSamArga hai| __ AcArya umAsvAti ne inhI Agama granthoM ke AdhAra para apane sUtroM kI racanA kI hai| kahIM-kahIM to unhone AgamoM ke mUla prAkRta zabdoM ko hI saMskRta bhASA meM rakha diyA hai aura kahIM unhoMne AgamoM ke bhAvoM ko lekara sUtra racanA kI hai| eka do udAharaNa paryApta hoNge| bhASArUpAntara mAtra sammaiMsaNe duvihe paNNate,taM jahA-NisaggasammaI saNe ceva abhigama sammahaMsaNe ceva / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u.1,sU.70 tannisargAdadhigamAdvA / . - tattvArtha 1,3 paMcavihe NANe paNNatte, taM jahA-AmiNibohiyaNANe, suyanANe,ohinANe, maNapajjavaNANe, kevalaNANe / - sthAnAMga,sthAna 5 u. 3, sU. 463 ; anuyogadvAra sUtra 1; - nandI sUtra 1; bhagavatI za.8, u.2,sU.318 matizru tAvadhimana:paryAyakevalAni jJAnam / -tattvArtha 1,3 . uparokta Agama zabdo meM tathA tattvArtha meM bhASAgata antara ke sivAya aura koI antara nahIM hai| prAkRta ke zabda jyoM kI tyoM saMskRta bhASA meM sUtra kI saMkSipta zailI meM rakha diye gaye haiM / ___ aba eka aisI udAharaNa dekha lIjie jisameM Agama ke bhAvoM ke anusAra sUtra-racanA kI gaI hai__ujjumaINaM aNaMte aNaMtapaesie khaMdhe jANai pAsai te ceva viulamaI, avvahiyatarAe viulatarAe visuddhatarAe vitimitaratarAe jANai pAsai / - nandI sUtra, sU. 18 vizuddha yapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSa: - tattvArtha 1/25 yahA~ Rjumati aura vipulamati mana:-paryAyajJAna kA antara batAyA gayA hai| Agamokta uddharaNa meM jisa bAta ko vistAra se kahA gayA hai, usI bhAva kA anusaraNa karate hue sUtrakAra ne sUtra kI saMkSipta zailI meM use rakha diyA hai| saMpUrNa grantha (tattvArtha sUtra) kI racanA inhIM do zailiyoM meM huI hai| kahI Agama zabdoM kA saMskRta rUpa dikhAI detA hai to kahIM unake bhAvoM ke anusaraNa ke AdhAra para sUtra race gaye haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 10 ) isa tathya ko pAThaka prastuta saMskaraNa meM spaSTa dekheNge| tattavArthasUtra kI racA kA uddezya sahaja hI yaha prazna mastiSka meM A sakatA hai ki jaba AgamoM meM saba kucha thA to unake AdhAra para tattvArtha sUtra kI racanA hI kyoM kI gaI ? jijJAsU pAThaka AgamoM se hI saba kucha jAna lete / aisI dazA me tattvArtha kI racanA se kyA prayojana siddha huA ? isakI racanA kA uddezya kyA hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki tattvArtha kI racanA sa-prayojana huI aura isakI racanA kA viziSTa uddezya thA - (1) deza-kAla kI paristhitI - vIra nirvANa kI AThavI, navIM zatAbdI me deza me gupta samrATo ke utkarSa ke kAraNa saMskRta bhASA kA prabhAva bar3ha rahA thaa| saMskRta ke vidvAnoM kA adhika Adara hotA thA, unheM rAjA logo bhI vizeSa sammAna dete the / saMskRtabhASA ko rAjyAzraya bhI prApta ho gAyA thA / gupta samrATa saMskRta premI the / isI kAraNa janatA ke hRdaya meM bhI saMskRta ke prati vizeSa Adara thaa| saMskRta bhASA ko loga devavANI kahane lage the| aisI paristhitiyoM meM jaina vAGmaya meM bhI aise grantha kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI jA rahI thI jo saMskRta bhASA meM ho aura sampUrNa jaina sampradAyoM dvArA mAnya ho / isa kArya ko tattvArtha sUtra ne kiyA / (2) isa samaya taka kaNAda kA vaizeSika sUtra, bAdarAyaNa kA brahmasUtra pataMjali kA yogasUtra Adi kaI grantha race jA cuke the / inameM apane - apane darzana ke mUla siddhAnta sUtrazailI meM diye jA cuka the / janatA meM aura vidvAnoM meM inakI mAnyatA bhI bahuta thI / __ jainadarzana meM bhI aise hI grantha kI AvazyakatA thI aura yaha AvazyakatA tattvArthasUtra kI racanA dvArA pUrI huii| (3) Agama bahuta hI vistRta haiM aura inake zabdoM meM bar3e gurU-gambhIra rahasya bhare par3e haiM / unako jAnakara hRdayaMgama kara lenA sAdharaNa jana to kyA, bar3e- bar3e manISiyoM ke lie bhI kaThina hai| phira AgamoM meM koI viSaya kahIM, koI kahIM yoM phUloM kI taraha vikIrNa thA / phira AgamoM meM koI viSaya kahIM, koI kahIM yoM phUloM kI taraha vikIrNa thaa| eka viSaya ko samajhane ke lie aneka Agama TaTolane par3ate the / bhASA bhI durUha ho cukI thii| dUsarI bAta, Agama tIrthaMkara deva kI dezanA (pravacana) haiM | unameM eka viSaya nahIM hai, anekAneka viSaya alaga-alaga AgamoM meM hai| isase eka sampUrNa viSaya ko kramabaddha par3hane meM aneka Agama par3hane par3ate haiM / ___ kintu tattvArthasUtra meM tattva kI bahuta -sI bAteM kramabaddha sUtrarupa meM eka jagaha saMkSipta zailI meM saMgrahIta kara dI gaI haiM / ata:isakA pArAyaNa bhI saralatA se ho sakatA hai, yaha jaldI hI samajha meM A jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa jana aura vidvANa manISI sabhI isase lAbha uThA sakate haiN| isakA (mAtra sUtroM kA) Avartana 30 minaTa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata:yaha na samayasAdhya hai, na zramasAdhya / bhASA bhI sarala aura subodha hai| yaha isakI racanA kA sarvapramukha prayojana aura uddezya haiM / tattvArtha sUtra, inhIM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa atyadhika lokapriya huA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 11 ) tattvArtha sUtra ke TIkAkAra pUjyapAda, akalaMka Adi digambara vidvAnoM ne isa para vistRta TIkAe~ likhIM / pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhI akalaMka kI rAjavArtika TIkAe~ prasiddha haiM / zlokavArtika nAma kI bhI isakI eka vistRta TIkA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne svayaM isa para svopajJabhASya likhA, jo tattvArthAdhigama bhASya ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isameM svayaM AcArya ne sUtroM kA rahasya prAMjala saMskRta gadya meM udghATita kiyA hai| prasiddha tarkaziromaNi AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne isa bhASya ko AdhAra banAkara vRtti likhI jo siddhasenIyA TIkA ke nAma se prasiddha huii| dUsarI vRtti ke racayitA AcArya haribhrada haiM / ise laghuvRtti kahA jAtA hai| haribhadra kI vRti ko unake ziSya yazobhadra ne pUrNa kiyA hai| hindI bhASA meM paNDita khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI ne vivecana likhA hai jise 'sabhASya tattvArthAdhigama sUtra' ke nAma se rAyacanda jaina zAstra mAlA, bambaI ne prakAzita kiyA / isa saMskaraNa meM mUla sUtra, umAsvAti kRta svopajJa sampUrNa bhASya tathA usakA sarala hindI bhASA meM anuvAda diyA gyaa| sAtha hI AvazyakatAnusAra siddhasenIyA aura zrutasAgarIyAvRtti ke mata TippaNaka meM diye gaye hai, jisase viSaya spaSTa ho gayA hai| prajJAcakSu paMDita pravara sukhalAlajI saMghavI kA tattvArtha sUtra vivecana sahita bhI prakAza meM AyA / isameM mUla sUtra, unakA hindI anuvAda aura AvazyakatAnusAra vivecana evaM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta pustaka ko sthAnakavAsI samAja ne bahuta Adara ke sAtha apanAyA hai| isI kA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI chapA hai| zrI varddhamAna sthAnakavAsI zramaNa saMgha ke prathama AcArya samrATa pUjya zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja kA 'tattvArtha sUtra - jenAgama samanvaya' nAma kA grantha atyanta parizramapUrvaka taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM AcAryazrI ne yaha spaSTa sUcana kara diyA ki tattvArtha kA kaunasA sUtra kisa Agama ke pATha ke AdhAra para racA gayA hai| yaha isa grantha kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai / grantha meM tattvArtha sUtra ke sUtra, phira usakA Agamokta AdhAra tathA Agama uddharaNa kA sarala hindI meM anuvAda diyA gayA hai / AcArya samrATa ke isa sat prayAsa ne tattvArtha sUtra ke mahattva va prAmANikatA ko aura bhI sampuSTa kiyA hai| vidvajjagata meM isakI bhUri-bhUri sarAhanA huI hai. tattvArtha sUtra kI viziSTa sthitI jaina vAGmaya meM tattvArtha sUtra kI viziSTa sthiti aura mahatva hai| AgamoM ke bAda isa grantha kI mAnyatA hai| isameM jaina darzana ke agAdha sAgara ko mAtra 344 sUtroM meM bhara dene kA saphala prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| yaha prayAsa gAgara meM sAgara bharane jaisA hai / aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina AgamoM ke vizAla sAgara ko tattvArthasUtra rUpI eka bU~da meM samAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / aisA prayAsa AcArya umAsvAti jaise gambhIra AgamajJa aura udbhaTa vidvAn dvArA hI sampanna ho sakatA thA / sAmAnya jJAna ke stara se tanika Upara uThe hue pratyeka vyakti isa se lAbha uThA sakate haiM, unako jJAna jijJAsA ke lie isameM unhe yatheSTa sAmagrI prApta ho sakatI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 12 ) dasa adhyAyoM aura mAtra 344 sUtroM ke isa ati laghukAya graMtha ke kenvAsa meM AcAryazrI ne navatattvoM ke jo raMga bhare haiM, ve anUThe haiM, anupama haiM, viziSTa haiN| indradhanuSa se bhI adhika zobhAyamAna haiM, alaukika AbhA se pradIpta haiN| ___ anuyogadvAra sUtra jainAgamoM kI kuMjI kahalAtA haiM / isI prakAra tattvArthasUtra ko jainAgamoM ke vizAla bhavana ke praveza dvAra se upamita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo jijJAsu tattvArtha sUtra ko samajha leMge, isameM varNita viSaya ko hRdayaMgama kara leMge, unhe jainAgamoM ke rahasya ko samajhane meM saralatA ho jaayegii| ___ tattvArtha sUtra ke laghu AkAra ke kalevara meM jJAna kA vizAla bhaNDAra chipA haiM / A~kha kI putalI (kIkI) kitanI choTI-sI hai ! kintu usake dvArA hama vizAla AkAza, agaNita camakate tAre, jyotipuMja sUrya aura snigdha zItala cA~danI bikheratA candra sabhI kucha dekhate haiN| ___tattvArtha sUtra jaina tattvAjJAna aura vizAla AgamajJAna ke lie A~kha kI kIkI ke samAna hai tattvArtha sUtra ke sUtra hIre ke choTe - choTe kaNa haiM jinakI apanI anupama AbhA hai, dIpti hai, jyoti hai aura ina sabhI sUtroM kI samanvita jyoti se AtmA zubhrajJAna se jyotitaprakAzita ho uThatA hai, ajJAna kA timira haTa jAtA hai / prastuta sampAdana yadyapi tattvArtha sUtra para saMskRta meM bar3I gambhIra TIkAe~ likhI jA cukI haiM / aneka prasiddha vidvAnoM ne hindI meM bhI sundara vivecana prastuta kiyA hai, phira maiMne yaha laghu prayAsa kyoM kiyA-yaha eka prazna uThatA hai| tattvArthasUtra kI saMskRta TIkAe~ bahuta vistRta haiM, gambhIra haiM aura paNDita pravara sukhalAlajI kA vivecana bahuta sarala hai, saMkSipta hai,sArapUrNa bhI hai kintu bahuta se aise sthala bhI haiM jahA~ vivecana apekSita thA,spaSTIkaraNa kI ___ AvazyakatA thI / sabase mahatvapUrNa bAta, tattvArtha sUtra svayaM meM koI sthApanA nahIM hai| Agama nahIM hai, Agama AdhArita saMgraha grantha hai| isalie yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama isake sAtha hI yaha bhI jAnakArI prApta kara leveM ki amuka viSaya Agama meM kahA~ kisa rUpa meM varNita hai| yAni tattvArtha ko hama Agama kA pravezadvAra banAyeM, aura usake adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha Agama jJAna kI dhArA ko aura adhika vistRta karate jAe~ / isalie maiMne prArambha meM AcArya zrI AtmArAjI mahArAja dvArA sampAdita 'tattvArthasUtra-jainAgama samanvaya' ke AdhAra para Agama vacana mukhya rakhA hai, usakA uddharaNa dete hue phira tattvArtha ke sUtra dekara vivecana kiyA hai / isase tattvArtha sUtra kA mahattva kama nahIM huA, balki usakI prAmANikatA kI AdhArabhUmi sudRr3ha huI hai| isase pAThaka AgamoM meM amuka-amuka viSayoM kA vizada varNana dekha sakate haiM / Agama adhyayana kI pravRtti ko protsAhana milegaa| __ merI yaha bhI bhAvanA thI ki AgamoM ke uddhRta sabhI pAThoM kA mUla pAThAMza zuddha hai yA nahIM yaha dekha lUM aura unake sandarbha sthala vartamAna meM upalabdha kisI eka prati se milAkara saMzodhita kara lUM / isake lie anekaza: prayatna kiye / munizrI jambUvijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita (mahAvIra vidyAlaya bambaI) dvArA prakAzita, jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM dvArA prakAzita tathA Agama samiti byAvara se prakAzita-tInoM saMsthAoM ke Agama grantha maMgAye, pATha milAye / yaha dekhakara bahuta Azcarya huA ki ina saMsthAoM ke gAthAMka, sUtrAMka paraspara For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 13 ) kAphI bhinna haiM / phira kisI eka hI saMsthA se prakAzita sampUrNa battIsa Agama bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| yadi do bhinna-bhinna saMskaraNoM ke sUtrAMka diye jAyeM taba bhI sampUrNa Agama nahIM milate / aisI sthiti meM jo Agama upalabdha nahIM hai, unake sUtrAMka to Agamodaya samiti ke hI rakhane hoMge, yoM 'AdhA tItara AdhA baTera' vAlI kahAvata bana sakatI hai| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna Akhira yahI socA ki AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja ne Agamodaya samita ratalAma ke pATha diye haiM, unhe hI mAnya rakhA jaay| ___ AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja ne tattvArtha sUtra kA jo mUla pATha diyA hai usameM paMDita sukhalAla jI ke mUla pATha se kahIM-kahIM bhinnatA hai| jisakI carcA maiMne vivecana meM kI hai| paMDita sukhalAla jI apane pAThoM ko zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya pATha batAte haiM, kintu do cAra sUtra aise haiM jo __AcAryazrI dvArA uddhRta pATha AgamoM ke adhika najadIka haiM, paMDita jI dvArA uddhRta pATha Agama se dUra paDate haiM / udAharaNa svarUpa AcArya zrI ne pATha liyA haipRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspataya:sthAvarA : / -2/12 dvIndriyAdayasvasAH -2/13 vahA~ paMDita jI ne nimna pATha liyA haipRthivyambuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH / 13 / tejovAyUdvIndriyAdayazca trasA: / 14 / arthAt-pRthivI, jala aura vanaspati--yaha tIna sthAvara haiM / 13 / tathA agni, vAyu aura dvIndriya Adi trasa haiN|14| yadyapi ina tIna sthAvara aura tIna trasa ke sUtra ThANaM 3,3,215; aura jIvAbhigama 1,22 Adi tathA uttarAdhyayana 36/60-70 meM bhI prApta hote haiM / kintu ThANaM 5/1/ 364 meM hI pRthivI, agni, jala, vAyu aura vanaspati-ina pA~co ko sthAvarakAya batAyA tathA jIvAbhigama 1/27 meM dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya jIvoM ko trasa kahA hai| ___ yaha donoM prakAra ke spaSTa Agama pramANa hote hue bhI maiMne prastuta kRti meM 5 sthAvara vAlA kathana hI pramANa mAnakara svIkRta kiyA hai| usakA pramukha kAraNa to Agama kA (5 sthAvara vAlA pATha) pramANa hI hai| sAtha hI paramparA meM bhI, thokar3oM Adi meM bhI aura sarvatra 5 sthAvara batAye gaye haiM / ataH logoM kI zraddhA va dhAraNA ko Thesa na lage, ve vyartha bhrama meM na par3eM, isaliye bhI 5 sthAvara kA pATha mAnya kiyA gayA / isake atirikta tattvArtha sUtra ke hI isI adhyAya ke sUtra 23 meM sUtra pATha hai vAyvAntAnAmekam / isakA abhiprAya hai-pRthivI, jala, vanaspati, agni aura vAyukAyika jIva ekendriya hote haiN| isa sUtra kA mela milAne ke lie bhI pAMca sthAvara vAlA sUtra adhika saMgata hai, aMta: vahI mAnya kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI kAraNoM se yaha pATha svIkAra kiyA gayA / isa viSaya kA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ina sUtroM (13 vA~, 14 vA~ sUtra) ke vivecana meM AcArya siddhasena Adi kA mata dekara kara diyA gayA hai| dUsarA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa adhyAya 6/36 zukle cAdye pUrvavidaH ke bAre meM kiyA . For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 14 ) gayA hai| Agamokta uddharaNoM tathA anya dRSTAMtoM se pUrvavida :zabda kA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa kara diyA gayA hai ki 'pUrvavida: kA abhiprAya pUrvAnusArI jJAna ke dhAraNa karane vAlA sAdhaka hai| isI prakAra se anya spaSTIkaraNa jahA~ bhI Avazyaka pratIta hue vahA~ Agamokta udvaraNoM aura pramANoM se spaSTa kara diye gaye haiN| isake atirikta prastuta saMpAdana - anuvAda-vivecana meM apanI ciraparicita madhyama zailI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| adhika tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA samAveza karake grantha ko na to zodha grantha jaisA bojhila aura ubAU hI banAyA hai ki pAThaka bhUla -bhulaiyA meM hI ulajha kara raha jAye, kucha samajha hI na sake aura itanA sarala bhI nahIM rakhA hai ki tattvajijJAsu-pipAsu pAThaka ko isameM kucha mile hI nahIM, usakI pyAsa hI zAMta na ho| apitu prayAsa aisA kiyA gayA hai ki jijJAsu pAThaka isako par3hakara tattvoM se paricita ho, bhagavAna kI vANI kA rasAsvAdana karane meM sakSama ho / vivecana ko adhika subodha va grAhya banAne ke lie pratyeka vistRta viSaya ke bheda -prabheda kA cArTa-eka tAlikA bhI banA dI gaI hai| __ prastuta saMpAdana meM sarvapramatha Agama vacana-mUla prAkRta pATha, usakA sarala hindI meM anuvAda, tatpazcAt tattvArthasUtra kA sUtra, usakA sarala hindI anuvAda aura phira vivecana diyA gayA hai| vivecana meM mUlAdhAra AcArya umAsvAti ke svopajJabhASya ko rakhA gayA hai| isake atirakta kucha Adhunika vijJAna sambandhI pustakoM tathA jainAgama aura tattvajJAna sambandhI pustakoM kA bhI maiMne upayoga kiyA hai| jina-jina pustakoM tathA vidvAn manISiyoM kI racanAoM, kRtiyoM kA prastuta lekhana vivecana meM kiMcit bhI upayoga huA hai, una sabake prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA maiM apanA kartavya samajhatA hU~ / prastuta grantha ke sampAdana, vivecana, anuvAda ke gurUtara kArya meM mujhe sarvAdhika sahayoga AtmIyabaMdhu zrIcandajI surAnA 'sarasa' evaM DaoN. bRjamohana jaina se prApta huA hai| inhoMne merI kalpanA ko sAkAra rUpa diyA / grantha ko sundara evaM sArabhUta banAne meM apanA bahumUlya samaya tathA athaka zrama diyA / yaha kahanA atyukti na hogI ki unake sahayoga ke binA isa grantha kA isa rUpa meM pAThakoM ke samAne AnA asambhava hI thaa| AtmIyabandhu surAnAjI kA sahayoga sundara, sUracipUrNa aura truTi rahita mudraNa meM bhI prApta huA hai| prupha saMzodhana Adi kA sArA bhAra unhoMne saMbhAlakara merA kArya sugama kara diyaa| isa dvitIya saMskaraNa kA prupha zaMzodhana kA kArya sAdhvI arahata jyotIjI ma.sA., sAdhvI harSaprajJAjI ma.sA.ne kiyA hai , isa prupha meM, priTIMga me koI truTI hoto hama kSamAyAcanA karate hai| sudhI pAThakoM ke kara-kamaloM meM prastuta grantha dete hue mujhe AtmaparitoSa hai aura yahI maMgala kAmanA hai ki prastuta grantha kA paThana-pAThanakarake pAThakagaNa jaina tattvoM kA parijJAna prApta kareMge aura mokSamArga kI ora gati-pragati kreNge| isI zubha bhAvanA ke sAtha -upAdhyAya kevala muni bAbA khAdIdhArI tapasvI gaNezamala jI ma. kI puNya tithi * * * For Personal & Private Use Only

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anukramaNikA adhyAya 1 : mokSamAga 1-77 sukha ke vibhinna prakAra 1, mokSa ke sAdhana-ratnatraya 4, ratnatraya kI prAptikrama 5, samyagdarzana-samyagjJAna kA svarUpa 6, samyakcAritra kA svarUpa 8,samyagdRSTi kI vRtti pravRtti 10, samyaktva ke lakSaNa aura bheda 11, pA~ca labdhiyA~ 14, nisargaja aura adhigamaja samyaktva kI upalabdhi kI prakriyA 15 samyaktva ke anya bheda 17, samyagdarzana kI vizuddhi 20, aSTa aMga 21, samyaktva ke bAhya lakSaNa 26, darzana vizuddha kA cArTa 27,29, nava tatva 30, tatvajJAna ke sAdhana nikSepa 32,pramANa-naya 34, nirdeza Adi 35, anuyoga dvAra 37, jIvAdi kI anveSaNA ke sAdhana-mArgaNAsthAna 39, guNasthAna jIva kI zuddhatA ke sopAna 40, guNasthAna sambandhI vizeSa bAteM 43, samyagjJAna ke prakAra 44, jJAnoM kI prAmANikatA 45, matijJAna ke anya nAma 47, utpatti ke kAraNa 48, bheda 49, upabheda 50, viSaya evaM bheda 52, zrutajJAna ke lakSaNa aura bheda 55, avadhijJAna ke bheda aura svAmI 57, mana:paryAyajJAna ke bheda 59, avadhijJAna aura mana:- paryAyajJAna meM bheda 60, mati-zrutajJAna ke viSaya 62, avadhimana:- paryAya kevalajJAna ke viSaya 63, eka sAtha kitane jJAna sambhava 64, viparIta jJAna aura viparItatA ke hetu, 65, jJAna ke cArTa 66-67, nayoM ke nAma aura prakAra 68, nayoM kA pramANatva 73, saptabhaMgI 75, / For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 16 ) . adhyAya 2: jIva vicAraNA 78-131 jIvoM ke bhAva 78, aupazamika bhAva ke bheda 80, kSAyika bhAvoM ke bheda 82, kSAyopazamika bhAvoM ke bheda 83, audayika bhAvoM ke bheda 85, pAriNAmika bhAvoM ke bheda 85, pAriNAmika bhAvoM ke bheda 87, bhAva (sAnnipAtika bhAvoM) kI tAlikA 88-89-90,jIva kA lakSaNa-upayoga 91, jIvoM ke mUla do bheda 93, saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda 94, trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ke bheda 96, indriyoM kI saMkhyA 68, indriyoM ke bheda 99, viSaya 101, mana kA viSaya 102, indriyoM ke svAmI 103, saMjJI -asaMjJI vicAraNA. 105, vigraha gati sambandhI vicAraNA 108, janma ke prakAra 110, yoniyoM ke prakAra 111, tAlikA 84 lAkha yoni aura 19711 lAkha kula kror3I kI 112, garbhajanma ke prakAra 113, upapAda janma vAle jIva 114, saMmmUrcchana jIva, 14, zarIra ke prakAra 115, zarIroM kI vizeSatAe~ 116, taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha 119, kArmaNa zarIra kI nirupabhogitA 121, audArika zarIra kinako 121, vaikriya zarIra kI upalabdhi 123, tejas zarIra aura tejolezyA 124, AhAraka zarIra kI vizeSatAe~ 125, vaida-vicAraNA 126, sopakramanirUpakrama Ayu vicAraNA 128 / adhyAya 3: adholoka tathA madhyaloka narakoM ke nAma 133, narakoM kA vizeSa varNana 134, adholoka kA citra 135, narakoM kI avasthiti 137, loka saMsthAna AkRti (citra) 140, loka kA vistAra 141, nArakiyoM ke du:kha, pariNAma Adi 143, nArakI jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu 146, nArakI jIva (tAlikA) 149, tiryak (madhya) loka ke dvIpa samudra 150, jaMbUdvIpa 152, manuSya kSetra 154, manuSyoM ke bheda 157, manuSya evaM tiryaMco kI Ayu 157 / / 132-159 adhyAya 4: Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 160-218 devoM ke bheda 160, jyotiSI devoM kI lezyA 161, cAroM prakAra ke devoM aura upabhedoM kI tAlikA 162, devoM kI zreNiyA~ 164, vyaMtara aura jyotiSka indra 166, cauMsaTha inda 167, bhavanavAsI vyaMtara devoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 17 ) kI lezyAe~ 168, devoM kI vAsanA-tRpti 169 bhavanavAsI aura vyantara devoM ke upabheda evaM vizeSa varNana 171, tAlikA 174, vyaMtara devoM ke prati bhrAnta dhAraNAoM kA nirasana 177, vyaMtara devoM ke upabhedoM kI tAlikA 178-79, jyotiSI deva-cara-acara aura unake dvArA kiyA gayA kAla vibhAga 180, grahanakSatra Adi kI tAlikA 182, vyavahAra kAla kI tAlikA 184, Adhunika vijJAna kI bhUgola khagola sambandhI mAnyatAe~ 185, saura maNDala kI utpatti 186, jIvana-vikAsa 187, pRthvI maNDala 188, candramA sambandhI jAnakArI 188, sUrya sambandhI vizeSa varNana 189,pRthvI kI sthiratA -pazcimI vidvAnoM ke mata 191, vaimAnika deva varNana 193 bAraha kalpa 194, avasthita 195, navagraiveyaka aura anutara vimAna 195, devoM ke kula 198,bheda 196, devoM sambandhI vizeSatAe~ 197, lokAntika deva varNana tathA inakI vizeSa sthitI 203, anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM kI viziSTatA 205, tiryaMca yaunika jIvoM kA lakSaNa 206, devoM kI utkRSTa jaghanya Ayu 207, palyopama kA mApa 215, sAgara kA pramANa 216, palya aura sAgara ke viSaya meM Adhunika gaNita 216, yojana kA pramANa 217, rajju kA mApa 217, rajju ke viSaya meM Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kA gaNita, vAna glAsa neppika dvArA prastuta rajju kA mApa 218 / adhyAya 5 : ajIva tattva varNana 219-254 ajIvakAya ke bheda 219, dravya kA lakSaNa 222, pudgala kA rUpitva 222, dravyoM kI vizeSatA 223, dravyoM meM pradeza saMkhyA 225, dravyoM kA avagAha 225, dravyoM ke kArya aura lakSaNa 233, dharma dravya aura Ithara 234, AkAza ke guNa 235, kAla ke upakAra 236, pudgala kA vivecana 238, pudgaloM ke guNa 239, pudgaloM ke paryAya 240, aNu evaM skandha ke nirmANa Adi ke hetu 242, dravya kA vivecana 243, arpita-anarpita kA artha 245, bandha ke hetu apavAda Adi 246, zvetAmbara digambara bandha sambandhI mAnyatA ke bheda247, dravya kA lakSaNa 249, kAla 250, guNa aura pariNAma kA svarUpa,bheda aura vibhAga 252 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 18 ) adhyAya 6: tattva vicAraNA 255-292 yoga ke bheda 255, Asrava kA lakSaNa 256, Asrava ke do bheda 257, nau prakAra ke puNya 257, aTharAha pApasthAnaka 258, kriyA kI apekSA Asrava ke bheda 258, sAMparAyika Asrava ke bheda 260, paccIsa kriyAe~ 261, teraha kriyAe~ 262, kriyAoM kI tAlikA 264, Asrava meM vizeSatA ke kAraNa 265, adhikaraNa ke do prakAra 267, jIvAdhikaraNa ke bheda 267, ajIvAdhikaraNa ke bheda 269, jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanavaraNIya karma ke Asrava dvAra (baMdha hetu) 271, asAtAvedanIya karma ke AsravadvAra 273, sAtAvedanIya karma ke AsravadvAra 274, darzanamohanIya karma ke AsravadvAra 276, cAritramohanIya (kaSAya aura nokaSAya mohanIya) ke AsravadvAra 277, narakAyu baMdha ke kAraNa 278, tiryaMcAyu baMdha ke kAraNa 280, manuSyAyu baMdha ke kAraNa 281, cAroM Ayu oM ke samAnya baMdha hetu 281, devAyubaMdha ke kAraNa 282, zubha aura azubhanAma karma ke baMdha hetu 284, tIrthaMkara prakRti ke baMdhahetu 286, ucca aura nIca gotra karma ke AsravadvAra 288, antarAya karma ke Asrava hetu 286, sAta karmoM kA satata baMdha-pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke 290, Ayu baMdha kA abhiprAya 290, AyubaMdha kA samaya 291 / / adhyAya 7: AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 293-348 upodghAta 293, vratoM ke lakSaNa aura bheda 293, vratoM kI sthiratA ke upAyabhAvanAe~ 295, ahiMsAvrata kI 5 bhAvanAe~ 297, satyavrata kI 5 bhAvanAe~ 299, asteya (acaurya) vrata kI 5 bhAvanAe~ 299, brahmavrata kI 5 bhAvanAe~ 301, aparigrahavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ 302, kyA pA~ca vratoM kI 25 bhAvanAe~ zramaNa ke lie hI haiM, yA zrAvaka (anuvratI sAdhaka) ke lie bhI 303, bhAvanAoM kI tAlikAe~ 304-305, pApavirati kI anya bhavanAe~ 307, yoga bhAvanAe~ evaM zarIra saMsAra svarUpa cintana 308, hiMsA ke lakSaNa 310, asatya Adi cAra vratoM ke lakSaNa 313, vratI kI anivArya yogyatA 315, vratI ke bheda AgArI, anagArI, 316, zrAvaka ke guNavrata aura zikSAvrata 318, For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 19 ) antima samaya kI ArAdhanA 324, samyagdarzana ke aticAra 325, ahiMsA Adi pA~ca aNuvratoM ke aticAra 328, brahmacaryANuvrata ke ati cAroM kA vizeSa vivecana 331, digavrata, dezavrata, anarthadaNDa vrata ke aticAra 336, sAmAyika, pauSadhopavAsa, upabhoga-paribhoga, atithi saMvibhAga vrata ke aticAra 338, aNuvrata-guNavrata-zikSAvratoM ke aticAroM kI tAlikA 342-343,saMlekhanAvrata ke aticAra 344, dAna kA lakSaNa 345, dAna ke dasa bheda 346, dAna kI vizeSatA 347 / adhyAya 8 : bandha tattva 349-400 upodghAta 349, baMdhahetu 349, bandha hetu kI anya paramparAe~ 350, mithyAtva 25 prakAra kA 350, avirati 12 prakAra kI 351, pramAda ke 15 prakAra 352, kaSAya ke 25 bheda 352, yoga ke 15 bheda 352, baMdha kA lakSaNa 354, baMdha ke 4 bheda 355, karma kI,11 avasthAe~ 356, tAlikA 361, mUla aura uttara karmakRtiyA~, karma prakRtiyoM ke nAma, lakSaNa, svabhAva, bheda 362, tAlikA 365, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ 364, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ 366, vedanIya karma kI uttaraprakRtiyA~ 368, mohanIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ 369, tAlikA (mohanIya karma) 273, AyuSya karma kI uttaraprakRtiyA~ 374, nAmakarma kI uttaraprakRtiyA~ 375, nAma karma kI tAlikA 387-289, gotra karma ke bhade 390, antarAya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ 392, AThoM karmoM kI sthiti 393, tAlikA 395, anubhAva baMdha 396, pradezabaMdha 396, puNya aura pApa prakRtiyA~ 399 // adhyAya 9 : saMvara tathA nirjarA 401-460 upodghAta 401, saMvara-nirjarA ke lakSaNa aura saMvara ke upAya tathA bheda 402, gupti kA lakSaNa 403, samitiyoM kA nAmollekha aura lakSaNa 404, dharma ke prakAra 405, vairAgya bhAvanAe~ unake lakSaNa, bheda aura svarUpa 408, parISahoM ke nAma aura sahane ke kAraNa 411, parISahoM ke adhikArI, For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 20 ) kAraNa aura eka sAtha saMbhAvyatA 415, cAritra ke prakAra aura lakSaNa 418, saMvara ke 57 bheda tAlikA 421, bAhyatapoM ke bhedopabheda, lakSaNa aura svarUpa 421, bAhya tapa kI tAlikA 426, Abhyantara tapa ke bheda aura lakSaNa tathA svarUpa 427, prAyazcita tapa ke prakAra (upabheda) 428, vinaya tapa ke upabheda 429, vaiyAvRttya tapa ke bhedopabheda 432, svAdhyAya tapa ke upabheda 432, dharmakathA ke cAra prakAra 433, vyutsarga tapa ke upabheda 434, dravya vyutsarga tapa 434, bhAva vyutsarga tapa 435, dhyAna kA lakSaNa aura usakA adhikatama samaya 436, dhyAna aura dhyAna pravAha 437, dhyAna ke cAra bheda 438, prazasta aura aprazasta dhyAna 438, ArtadhyAna ke cAra bheda aura unakI saMbhAvyatA 439, raudradhyAna ke cAra bheda aura usakI saMbhAvyatA 442,raudradhyAnI ke lakSaNa 442, dharmadhyAna ke cAra bheda aura usakI saMbhAvyatA 443, dharma dhyAna ke cAra bheda aura usakI saMbhAvyatA 443, dharma dhyAna ke lakSaNa, avalambana aura bhAvanAe~ 444-445, zukladhyAna svarUpa, lakSaNa, bheda aura adhikArI 446, 'pUrvavida' zabda kA abhiprAya 447, 'ekAzraye' zabda kA artha 447, zukladhyAna ke cAroM bhedoM kA svarUpa 448, zukladhyAna ke cAra liMga aura cAra avalaM bana 449, zukladhyAna kI cAra bhAvanAeM 450, Abhyantara tapa kI tAlikA 451, dhyAna tapa kI tAlikA 452-453, karma nirjarA kA krama 454, zramaNoM ke bheda aura bhinnatA viSayaka vikalpa 456, nirgrantha zabda kA nirvacana 456, nirgranthoM kI vizeSatAe~ 457, sthAna (saMyama sthAna) 460 / adhyAya 10 : mokSa 461-474 upodghAta 461, kevalajJAna-darzana upalabdhi kI prakriyA 462, mokSa kA svarUpa 463, kevalI samudghAta-kAraNa, svarUpa aura prakriyA 465, muktAjIvoM ke bhAvoM kA abhAva aura sadbhAva 466, mukta jIva kA Urdhvagamana aura gati kriyA ke hetu 468, lokAnta kA abhiprAya 468, Urdhvagamana ke dRSTAnta 469, siddhoM ke vikalpa athavA bheda 470, prati samaya siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA 473 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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tattvArtha sUtra prathama adhyAya mokSamArga (SALVATION PATH) upodghAta saMsAra ke pratyeka prANadhArI kA ekamAtra lakSya hai sukha / sabhI prANI, jIva, bhUta evaM sattva sukha-sAtA cAhate haiM, duHkha unako apriya hai / Agama kI bhASA meMsavve pANA, savve jIvA, savve bhUyA, savve sattA... suhasAyA, dukkhpddikuulaa| kintu sukha kI dhAraNAM sabhI prANiyoM meM alaga-alaga hotI hai / koI kisI vastu meM sukha mAnatA hai to kisI ko anya vastu meM sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai / pratyeka kI ruci-pravRtti bhinna hai / isa dRSTi se prANiyoM ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - prathama bhavAbhinandI aura dUsare mokSAbhinandI / bhavAbhinandI jIva bhautika sukhoM kI icchA karate haiM, unakI prApti meM hI sukha mAnate haiM aura unakA viyoga hote hI duHkhI ho jAte haiM / sabhI avikasita prANI isI koTi ke haiM / kintu mAnava jo vikasita prANI haiM, unameM se adhikAMza bhI isI koTi ke haiM, ve bhI bhautika sukhoM kI ora lAyAyita rahate haiM / bhautika sukhoM ke aneka prakAra haiM / kintu inheM suvidhA kI dRSTi se nau vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA haiN| (1) jJAnAnanda - jJAna se abhiprAya yahA~ bhautika jJAna hai / bahuta se vaijJAnika naI-naI khoja zodha karane meM hI Ananda mAnate haiM / kucha loga zakti prApta karake dUsaroM kA ahita karate haiM aura Ananda mAnate haiM / kucha loga nita naye ghAtaka zastra, saMhAraka sAmagrI ke AviSkAra meM hI jIvana khapA For Personal & Private Use Only

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2 tattvArtha sUtra dete haiM / isI prakAra bahuta se mAnava bauddhika zakti prApta karake dUsaroM ko Thagate haiM, dhokhA dete haiM, jAsUsI karate haiM, aura isa prakAra ve apane prApta jJAna (ise mAtra jAnakArI kaha sakate haiM) meM Ananda mAnate haiN| . (2) premAnanda - mAnava cAhatA hai ki sabhI use prema kareM / jaba taka mAtA-pitA, pati, patnI tathA samAja ke anya vyakti use prema karate haiM ,taba taka vaha apane ko sukhI mAnatA hai aura prema meM thor3I bhI kamI huI to dukhI ho jAtA hai / (3) jIvanAnanda - vyakti jIvana ke lie upayogI vastuoM kA upabhoga karake Ananda mAnatA hai / vaha cAhatA hai ki sukha-suvidhA ke sampUrNa sAdhana use upalabdha hoM / vaha kisI bhI kImata para jIvanarUpI khilaune se khelakara Ananda uThAnA cAhatA hai / inameM kamI Ate hI hInabhAvanA se grasta hokara svayaM ko saMsAra kA sarvAdhika dukhI vyakti mAna kara jhUratA hai / (4) vinodAnanda - kucha vyaktiyoM ko khela-kUda, manoraMjana, hAsaparihAsa Adi meM Ananda AtA hai / vinoda meM vyakti aise zabda kaha detA hai, aise vyaMga bANa apanI jabAna kI kamAna se chor3a detA hai ki sunane vAlA Ahata ho jAtA hai, para isase use kyA, vaha to mana meM sukha mAnatA hai / vinodAnanda kA eka rUpa gappabAjI bhI hai / manuSya kalpanA ke ghor3e para car3hakara dUsaroM ko jhUThI-saccI bAteM sunAkara khuza hotA hai / jaba vinoda ke lie vyakti tAza-caupar3a-dyUta Adi khelatA hai to hAra ho jAne para svayaM dukhI hotA hai, mAra-pITa taka kI naubata A jAtI hai aura yadi yaha vinoda vyasana bana gayA to sampUrNa jIvana hI duHkhI ho jAtA hai, barabAda ho jAtA hai, patana ke garta meM gira jAtA hai / (5) raudrAnanda - taba hotA hai jaba vyakti dUsare prANiyoM ko duHkha dekara sukha mAnatA hai / bahuta se vyakti aise krUra aura AtAtAyI hote haiM, jinheM dUsaroM ko tar3apatA dekhakara sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai / (6) mahatvAnanda - pratyeka mAnava kI bhAvanA hotI hai ki samAja ke, parivAra ke, jAti ke aura yahA~ taka ki saMsAra meM sabhI loga use mahatvapUrNa mAneM, usakA Adara kareM, usakI AjJA kA pAlana kareM, sabhI usakI prazaMsA kareM, virodha meM koI eka bhI AvAja na nikAleM / yadi kisI ne usakI AjJA kI avahelanA kara dI to vaha dukhI ho jAtA hai, apane ko abhAgA samajhane lagatA hai / (7) viSayAnanda - yaha sukha sabhI bhautika sukhoM se bar3A hai / isa Ananda meM lagabhaga sabhI saMsAra prANI grasta haiM / viSayAnanda kA abhiprAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 3 hai - pA~coM indriyoM aura mana ke sukha ko sukha mAnanA, icchita vastuoM kI prApti kI abhilASA / indriya-sukhoM ko sukha mAnane vAle, usameM Ananda kI anubhUti karane vAle mAnava nIti-anIti, dharma, sadAcAra Adi sabhI se vimukha ho jAte haiN| __ isa Ananda kA dAyarA itanA vistRta hai ki sabhI prakAra ke bhautika sukha isameM samA jAte haiM / __kintu isa sukha kI prApti ke lie sabala zarIra, indriya, dhana Adi Avazyaka haiM / yahI karANa hai ki Aja ke yuga meM dhana ke lie ApAdhApI macI huI hai, Aja kA mAnava betahAzA indriya-sukhoM ke pIche bhAga rahA hai / (8) svatantratAnanda - mAnava hI nahIM, pazu bhI svatantratA cAhatA hai aura isI meM Ananda mAnatA hai, vaha kisI bhI prakAra kA bandhana, maryAdA nahIM cAhatA, bandhana use duHkhadAyI kaSTakara lagatA hai / kintu atizaya svatantratA svacchandatA bana jAtI hai aura yaha pariNAma meM duHkhadAyI banatI hai / . isI prakAra koI dhana-sampatti Adi meM sukha mAnatA hai / kintu ye sabhI sukha vAstavika sukha nahIM haiM, sukhAbhAsa haiM, dukha ke bIja inameM chipe haiM, inakA pariNAma duHkha, kaSTa aura pIr3A hI haiM / (9) santoSAnanda - ise AtmAnanda bhI kaha sakate haiM / prApta vastu meM hI santuSTa rahakara jo tyAga mArga kI aura bar3hatA rahe, athavA Atma-cintana, prabhubhajana, svAdhyAya Adi meM sukha tathA Ananda kI anubhUti kara saMsAra kI lAlasA/vAsanA se mukta rahe / aise vyakti bahuta virale hote haiM | inakA lakSya mokSAbhimukhI hotA hai / prANImAtra kA jitanA bhI prayAsa hai, jitanA bhI vaha puruSArtha karatA hai, usakI do. hI dizA hai - kAma athavA mokSa / yahI do kendrabindu haiM jinheM lakSya meM lekara prANiyoM kI sabhI gatividhiyA~ hotI haiM / ___kAmanA-pUrti patana kA mArga hai aura kAmanA Adi se mukti pAne kA prayAsa unnati kA mArga hai, vizuddhi kA mArga hai, siddhi kA mArga hai mokSa kA mArga hai, zAzvata sukha kA mArga hai / / isI zAzvata sukha arthAt AtmAnanda kI prApti kA upAya prastuta zAstra meM batAyA gayA hai / ananta avyAbAdha Atmika sukha kI prApti kA mArga hai - dharma / / dharma trividha hai - saccA-vizvAsa, sacA jJAna aura saccA AcaraNa / isI trividha mokSopAya kI ora sUtrakAra saMketa kara rahe haiM - For Personal & Private Use Only

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4 tattvArtha sUtra Agama vacana nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo tahA / eyaM maggamaNuppattA, jIvA gacchanti soggaI // ( - uttarA. 28/3) (jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ke mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle jIva utkRSTa sugati (mokSa) ko prApta karate haiM / ) mokSa ke sAdhana - samyagdarzana jJAna cAritrANi mokSamArgaH / 1 / artha - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra - ye tInoM sammilita rUpa se mukti prApta karane ke mArga (sAdhana) haiM / vivecana - tattvArthasUtra grantha ke prastuta prathama sUtra meM mokSa prApti ke sAdhana batAye gaye haiM / yaha sAdhana haiM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakMcAritra / yaha tInoM sammilita rUpa se athavA milakara mokSamArga kiMvA mokSa prApti kA sAdhana banate haiM / - -- Agama meM, jaisA ki ukta uddharaNa se spaSTa haiM, tapa kI pRthaka rUpa se gaNanA karake mokSa-prApti ke cAra sAdhana kahe gaye haiM / kintu prastuta sUtra meM tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM hI kara liyA gayA hai / jaisAki 'paMcAcAra' meM tapAcAra ko bhI AcAra athavA cAritra kA hI eka bheda mAnA hai / S tInoM prastuta sandarbha meM vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna rakhane yogya bAta hai ki ina samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra meM se pRthak-pRthak koI bhI eka athavA do mokSa kI prApti nahIM karA sakate, tInoM kA sAhacarya, ati Avazyaka hai, tInoM hI milakara mokSamArga haiM / * aisA hI prastuta Agama gAthA se dhvanita hotA hai nAdaMsaNissa nANaM, nANeNa vinA va huMti caraNaguNA / aguNissa natthi mokkho, natthi amokkhassa nivvANaM // ( - uttarA 28 / 30 ) (samyagdarzana rahita jIva ko samyagjJAna nahIM hotA, (samyak ) jJAna ke binA (samyakcAritra) cAritraguNa nahIM hotA, aguNI ( cAritraguNa se vihIna) jIva ko (sarvakarmakSaya rUpa) mokSa nahIM hotA aura mokSa hue binA ( zAzvata sukha rUpa) nirvANa nahIM hotA / - isa viSaya ko Age aura spaSTa kiyA gayA haiMnANeNa jANai bhAve, daMsaNeNa ya saddahe / caritteNa nigiNhAi, taveNa parisujjhaI // ( - uttarA 28/35 ) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #29
adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 5 - AtmA jJAna (samyagjJAna) se jIvAdi padArthoM (dravya, guNa, paryAyoM, tatvoM) ko jAnatA haiM, darzana (samyagdarzana) se una para yathArtha vizvAsa/zraddhA karatA haiM, cAritra (samyakcAritra) se unakA (navIna Ate hue aura AtmA ke sAtha ba~dhate hue karmoM kA saMvara) nirodha karatA haiM tathA tapa se parizuddha (pUrvasaMcita karmapudgaloM kI Atyantika nirjarA-kSaya) hotA hai / uparyukta gAthAoM ke prakAza meM sahaja hI yaha vizvAsa dRr3ha hotA hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna samyakcAritra-tInoM hI pRthak-pRthak rUpa se mokSaprApti ke sAdhana nahIM bana pAte / sAdhana bananA to dUra kI bAta hai, yahI tInoM (darzana, jJAna aura cAritra) samyak vizeSaNa se vizeSita hone yogya bhI nahIM bana pAte / inako sammilita rUpa se rakhane ke lie hI AcArya ne 'samyaka' eka hI vizeSaNa 'darzana-jJAnacAritra' tInoM vizeSyoM ke lie diyA hai aura 'mokSamArgaH' isa prakAra sUtra kI racanA ekavacanAnta kI hai / abhiprAya spaSTa hai ki yaha tInoM sammilita rUpa se mokSa ke sAdhana haiN| prAptikrama isa vivecana ke uparAnta sahaja hI yaha jijJAsA uThatI hai ki jaba yaha tInoM hI sammilita rUpa se mokSa ke sAdhana hai to jIva ko inakI prApti eka sAtha hI hotI hai athavA eka ke bAda dUsare kI ? arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra-sahabhAvI haiM athavA kramabhAvI ? yadi yaha tInoM kramabhAvI haiM to inakA krama kyA hai ? isa viSaya me do prakAra ke mata haiM - (1) pahale darzana samyak hotA hai, bAda meM jJAna tathA taduparAnta cAritra samyak hotA hai / (2) darzana aura jJAna to yugapat (eka sAtha) samyak hote haiM kintu cAritra bAda meM samyak hotA hai| yAnI samyagdarzana-jJAna to sahabhAvI haiM aura cAritra kramabhAvI haiM / isa viSaya meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI nimna gAthA draSTavya hai - natthi carittaM sammattavihaNaM daMsaNe u bhaiyavvaM - sammatta-carittAI jugavaM puvvaM va sammattaM // (29/26) samyaktva (samyagdarzana) ke binA cAritra (samyakcAritra) nahIM hotA kintu samyakcAritra ke binA samyagdarzana ho sakatA hai / samyaktva aura cAritra eka sAtha (yugapat) bhI hote haiM / kintu cAritra se samyaktva pahale hotaah| . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #30
6 tattvArtha sUtra isa gAthA se spaSTa hai ki samyakcAritra to samyagdarzana ke uparAnta hI hotA hai / yadi karmagrantha kI bhASA meM vicAra kiyA jAya to samyaktva athavA samyagdRSTi kA caturtha guNasthAna hai; jabaki cAritra-samykacAritra kA prAraMbha pA~caveM guNasthAna se hotA hai / jIva cauthe guNasthAna ke anantara hI pA~cave tathA anya Age ke guNasthAnoM kA sparza karatA hai | samyagdarzana-samyagjJAna samyagdarzana kA abhiprAya hai- jo vastu jaisI hai, jisa rUpa meM avasthita hai, usakI vaisI hI zraddhA-yathArtha vizvAsa karanA / samyagdarzana meM do zabda haiM-samyak aura darzana / darzana kA artha dRSTi, dekhanA, vizvAsa karanA bhI hai aura nizcaya karanA bhI hai / sAtha hI isakA prayoga.vicAradhArA ke lie bhI kiyA jAtA hai, jaise-vaidika darzana, bauddha darzana, jainadarzana Adi / _dRSTi viparyAsa bhI hotA hai, nizcaya bhrAnta bhI hote haiM aura vicAradhArAe~ mUr3hatA se bhI grasita hotI haiM / ___ 'samyak zabda inameM saMzodhana, parimArjana ke lie, yathArthatA ke lie aura mokSAbhimukhatA ke lie prayukta huA hai| ataH vaha yathArthazraddhA jo satyatathya pUrNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha mokSAbhimukhI ho, jIva kI gati-pragati mokSa kI ora unmukha kare, samyagdarzana hai / vyAhArika dRSTi se tameva sacaM nIsaMkaM jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM jina sarvajJa bhagavAna ne jaisA vastu kA svarUpa batAyA hai, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA na karanA, samyagdarzana hai / / kintu AdhyAtmika dRSTi se, jise nizcayadRSTi bhI kahA jAtA hai, isa dRSTi kI apekSA zuddha AtmabhAva, AtmasvarUpa kI anubhUti, pratIti, ruci, yathArtha vizvAsa aura usakA dRr3ha zraddhAna, nizcaya samyagdarzana hai / / yaha Atma-pratIti aura dRr3hazraddhAna kaise hote hai isa prakriyA ko samajhanA hai / AcArAMga (1/5/5/171) meM kahA gayA hai je AyA se viNNAyA, je viNNAyA se aayaa| jeNa viyANai se AyA, taM paDuca pddisNkhaae| - jo AtmA hai, vaha vijJAtA hai / jo vijJAtA hai vaha AtmA hai / jisase (jisake dvArA) jAnA jAtA hai, vaha AtmA hai| jAnane kI isa zakti se hI AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #31
adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 7 yahA~ yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki taba to samyagajJAna samyagdarzana se pUrvavartI huA kyoMki jJAna se jAnA aura AtmA kI pratIti ho gaI, samyagdarzana ko upalabdhi ho gaI / kintu vAstava meM aisI sthitI hai nhiiN| samyagjJAna samyagdarzana se pUrvavartI nahIM hai / donoM hI yugapat haiM / isa jijJAsA ke vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie samyagjJAna ko spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA Avazyaka hai| yadyapi samyagjJAna kA sAmAnya rUpa se lakSaNa yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nayoM aura pramANoM se jIvAdi tatvoM kA yathArtha bodha samyagjJAna hai; kintu vaha jJAna saMzaya-vibhrama-viparyaya virahita honA cAhie / ataH samyagjJAna kA vyAvAhArika lakSaNa yaha batAyA gayA hai - saMzaya-vibhrama-viparyayavirahitaM jJAnaM. samyagjJAnamiti / saMzaya, vibhrama aura viparyayarahita jJAna samyagjJAna hai| sAmAnya rUpa se aneka vastuoM meM ghUmatA huA anizcita jJAna saMzaya hai| jisameM koI nizcaya na ho sake, 'kucha hai' itanA hI bodha ho, vaha 'vibhrama' hai| jaise pA~va meM koI cIja cubha gaI kintu yaha nizcaya na ho sake ki vaha nukIlA kaMkara thA, kA~ca kA Tukar3A thA, athavA kisI kA~Te kI noMka thii| . aMdhere meM rassI ko sA~pa yA sA~pa ko rassI athavA cA~dI ko sIpa yA sIpa ko cA~dI samajha lenA 'viparyaya' viparIta jJAna hai / saMzaya aura vibhrama meM itanA antara hai ki saMzayAtmaka jJAna asthira hotA hai, aneka padArthoM para ghUmatA rahatA hai, kisI eka padArtha para sthira nahIM hotA, anizcaya kI avasthA rahatI hai / anizcaya kI dazA to vibhrama meM bhI hotI hai; kintu isameM jJAna kI . bhramaNA nahIM hotI vimUr3ha jaisI dazA hotI hai / jJAna ke yaha tInoM doSa samyagdarzana ke sparza se naSTa ho jAte hai aura . vaha pahale kA sAmAnya jJAna samyak vizeSaNa se vizeSita hokara tatkSaNa hI samyagjJAna meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / usa samaya uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM varNita sthiti bana jAtI hai - nANeNa jANai bhAve, daMsaNeNa ya sahahe / - jJAna se bhAvoM ko (padArthoM ko) jAnakara darzana se una para zraddhA karatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #32
tattvArtha sUtra AcArAMga tathA uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke uparyukta uddharaNoM meM nihita tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa AcArya vIrasena ke mata se bhalIbhA~ti ho jAtA hai / unakA mata hai ki jJAna meM jo sazaMya Adi doSa dikhAI dete haiM ve mithyAtvamohanIya karma kI praticchAyA haiM / mithyAtva ke naSTa hote hI ye doSa bhI samApta ho jAte haiM aura jJAna samyagajJAna ho jAtA hai / yahA~ ve eka tarka dete haiM ki yadi jJAna svayaM hI vikArI ho jAya to samyaktva se pUrva vaha AtmA ke apane zuddha svarUpa ko jAnegA kaise ? aura yadi jAnA hI nahIM to zuddha Atma-svarUpa kI pratIti bhI nahIM ho sakegI / taba to mokSamArga hI ruka jAyegA; kyoMki samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM mokSa kI kalpanA AkAzakusumavat vyartha hI raha jAyegI / samyagajJAna ke sambandha meM itanA jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki AtmalakSyI yA mokSalakSyI jJAna hI samyagjJAna hai / jisa jJAna ke sAtha AtmA evaM mokSa ke prati yathArtha zraddhA hotI hai, vahI jJAna samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai / ataH samyagajJAna ko eka zabda meM yA vidyA sA vimuktaye (vidyA athavA jJAna vahI hai jo mukti pradAna kare) kahA jA sakatA hai / samyak cAritra aba vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki samykacAritra bhI samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke sAtha hI hotA hai athavA bAda meM ? isa viSaya meM Agamika mAnyatA kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / kintu isa prazna ko AtmA kI AdhyAmika bhAva pariNati se bhI samajhanA Avazyaka hai / isake lie hameM AtmA kI atala gaharAiyoM meM utaranA par3egA, dekhanA par3egA ki samyagdarzana kI prApti se pUrva jaba AtmA mithyAtva dazA meM thA taba, usakI kisa prakAra kI pravRttiyA~ thIM, antaraMga meM kaisI dhArAe~ baha rahI thIM aura samyaktva-prApti ke sAtha tathA usake bAda ina dhArAoM meM kaisA aura kisa prakAra kA parivartana ho jAtA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA jIva hai aura jIva eka dravya hai / nirukta ke anusAra dravya kA lakSaNa hai - 'yad dravati tad dravyam' - jo bahatA hai, vaha dravya hai / dravya meM bahAva kI zakti athavA pravAhazIlatA- dhArA Avazyaka hai aura vaha dravya meM avazyameva rahatI hai / AtmA meM bhI aneka dhArAe~ pratipala-pratikSaNa niraMtara baha rahI haiM / kaSAyadhArA, lezyAdhArA, mithyAtvadhArA Adi aneka prakAra kI dhArAe~ AtmA ko hara samaya udvelita kara rahI haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #33
adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 9 inameM se pratyeka dhArA AtmA ke kisI na kisI guNa ko AcchAdita karatI haiM / jaise-kaSAyadhArA AtmA ko apane nijI sukha svabhAva yA samatA bhAva kI anubhUti nahIM hone detI, sthiratA ko prabhAvita karatI haiM ( mithyAtva dhArA sukha kI hAni to karatI hI hai) AtmA kI apane svarUpa kI ora ruci bhI nahIM hone detI, satya-pratIti meM bhI bAdhaka banI rahatI hai / samyaktva athavA samyakdarzana kI prApti meM yahI mithyAtvadhArA sabase bar3A avarodha hai, sAtha hI tIvra kaSAyadArA bhI / yahI vaha mithyAtva aura kaSAya kI granthi hai jisake TUTane para AtmA kI apanI svayaM kI ora ruci tathA pratIti hotI hai aura samyaktva samyagdarzana kI prApti hotI hai| AtmA apane tIvra adhyavasAya se jaba isa mithyAtva evaM kaSAya dhArA para prabala prahAra karatA hai, inake mUla strota (granthi) (point of origin) ko tor3a detA hai taba yaha dhArAe~ vizrRMkhilata ho jAtI hai / . mUla strota athavA granthi TUTane se inakA pravAha samApta ho jAtA h| kabhI vaha pravAha samApta nahIM hotA, sirpha ruka jAtA hai, Age kA pravAha baha jAtA hai aura strota ke ruke hone ko kAraNa pIche kA pravAha AtA nahIM; isa prakAra bIca kI bhUmi sApha-mithyAtva evaM kaSAya se rahita ho jAtI hai / .. kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki yaha pUrNarUpa se samApta na hokara atyanta kSINa ho jAtI hai, sUkhane jaisI ho jAtI hai; kintu isa rUpa meM bhI usakI zakti samAptaprAya hotI hai, vaha samyaktva kI dhArA ko avaruddha nahIM kara paato| mithyAtvadhArA ke samApta hote hI usI kSaNa (at the very moment) AtmA kI sahaja jJAna jyoti jagamagA uThatI hai / isa sthiti meM (samyaktva kA sparza hote hI) jIva. ko anirvacanIya Atmika Ananda hI anubhUti hone lagatI hai, usakA pratyeka pradeza AtmA ke naisargika sahaja sukha-rasa meM vibhora ho jAtA hai, jJAna ke prakAza se bhara uThatA hai / vaha apanI AtmA kI - nija kI darzana dhArA (zraddhA-samyaktva dhArA) meM avagAhana karane lagatA hai / usameM samatva kA sahaja Ananda aura ullAsa sphurita ho jAtA hai| isa sthiti meM saMsAra ke dhana, vaibhava, parivAra, bhogya sAmagrI, zarIra ke sukha-duHkha Adi saba parabhAvoM meM nazvaratA, kSaNabhaMguratA kA bodha hone lagatA hai / isase mamatva kA baMdhana DhIlA hotA hai aura amanojJa evaM viyogajanita pIr3A se mana kSubdha nahIM hotA / saMyogoM se unmatta nahIM hotA / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #34
10 tattvArtha sUtra yahI vaha bindu hai jahA~ bhedavijJAna kI jAgRti hotI hai / AtmAnanda ke AsvAdana meM nimagna jIva ke antastala meM "jIvo'nyad zarIramanyad' kI dhAraNA yathArtha rUpa grahaNa karatI hai / - aisA jIva jo svayaM apane sAtha lage hue zarIra aura para-padArthAzrita svayaM apane hI bhAvoM (pariNAmoM) ko bhI apane zuddha svabhAva se pRthak anubhava karatA hai to dhana-dhAnya, strI-putra-mitra Adi to use pratyakSa hI parapadArtha dikhAI dete haiM, unheM vaha baMdhana samajhane lagatA hai / samyagdRSTi kI vRtti-pravRtti aba samyagdarzana kA jIva kI vRtti-pravRtti para kyA prabhAva par3atA hai? usameM kisa-kisa prakAra kA parivartana hotA hai? isa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai / samyagdRSTi jIva kI vRtti-pravRtti ke viSaya meM eka prAcIna AdhyAtmika kavi kA dohA prasiddha hai - je samadRSTi jIvar3A, kare kuTumba pratipAla / antargata nyArA rahe, jyU dhAya khilAve bAla / dhAya (bAlaka-zizu kA pAlana-poSaNa karane vAlI strI) jisa prakAra sAvadhAnI tathA jAgarUkatA ke sAtha bAlaka kA lAlana-pAlana karatI hai, usake aura mAtA ke vyavahAra meM bAhya rUpa se koI antara nahIM dikhAI detA, loga use mAtA hI samajha lete haiM, lekina vaha apane hRdaya meM kabhI bhI svayaM ko usa zizu kI mAtA nahIM samajhatI, apitu use parAyA-putra hI mAnatI hai / ___ isI prakAra samyaktvI jIva bhI kuTumba kA pAlana-poSaNa karatA hai, apane yogya kartavya kA nirvAha karatA hai, kintu karatA hai saba kucha kartavya bhAvanA se hI; kuTumba ko apanA nahIM mAnatA, apanA to vaha sirpha AtmA ko hI mAnatA hai / usakI dRSTi aisI hI vilakSaNa ho jAtI hai, bhedavijJAna jAgRta hone s| bhedavijJAnI athavA samyagdRSTi jIva meM ina para-padArthoM aura para-bhAvoM ke prati antaraMga virakti ho jAtI hai / pahalI bAta, to vaha unheM nAzavAna kSaNabhaMgura mAnatA hai, isalie unameM Asakta hI nahIM hotA, phira usakI lAlasA Asakti ko vaha bandhana bhI mAnatA hai, vaha inheM bandhana yA para-svarUpa jAnakara chor3a denA cAhatA hai, isake antar meM ina samasta baMdhanoM ko tor3a dene kI tar3apa hotI hai, use dRr3ha vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki yaha saba to para haiM, viyogadharmA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #35
adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 11 jisa prakAra vyakti kirAye ke makAna ko apanA ghara nahIM mAnatA, usameM svAmitva bhAva nahIM rakhatA, usI prakAra samyaktvI bhI apane zarIra ko nizcita avadhi ke lie milA huA kirAye kA ghara samajhatA hai, apanA asalI ghara nahIM mAnatA / vaha samajha letA hai ki merA asalI ghara to siddhisthAna hai, jahA~ maiM zAzvata avyAbAdha sukha meM anaMtakAla taka nimagna raha~gA / eka laukika udAharaNa lIjie - eka bahana hai / vaha bar3hiyA sADI pahanakara bAjAra meM jA rahI hai / lAMDrI se Aja hI dhulakara AyI hai / vaha usa sAr3I ko magana mana pahane hai / itane meM sAmane se dUsarI mahilA AI / usane usa sAr3I ko dekhA / aura bolI bahana jI ! yaha sAr3I to merI hai| bahana cauMkI / dUsarI mahilA ne lANDrI kA nizAna dikhAkara batAyA dekhie, mere kapar3oM para lANDrI aisA nizAna lagAtI hai / ___ usa bahana ne bhI dekhA, vicAra kiyA mere kapar3o para to lANDrIvAle dUsarA nizAna lagAte haiM / vizvAsa ho gayA ki yaha sAr3I merI nahIM hai, isa mahilA kI hI hai / lekina kyA vaha bahana usa sAr3I ko bAjAra meM hI utArakara usa mahilA ko de sakatI hai ? kabhI nahIM; sAmAjika maryAdA, lajjA Ar3e A jAyegI, vaha use pahane rahegI; kintu mana meM yahI vicAra calatA rahegA ki yaha sAr3I isa mahilA kI hai, merI nahIM hai; kaba ghara pahu~cU~ aura kaba isa sAr3I ko utArakara isa mahilA ke ghara bhijavAU~ / . dUsarA udAharaNa lIjie - ___ eka yuvatI hai / usakA vivAha ho gayA; kintu abhI dvirAgamana (gaunA) nahIM huA / pitA ke ghara raha rahI hai / kintu vivAha hote hI usake mana meM yaha bhAvanA jama gaI ki yaha (pitA kA) ghara meMrA nahIM hai, merA ghara to mere pati jahA~ rahate haiM, vaha hai / isa bhAvanA ke sAtha hI usakI vRttiyA~ badala gaI | pitA kA ghara aba usake mana-mastiSka meM pIhara (parAyA) bana gayA, usakI adhikAra bhAvanA kama ho gaI, saMkoca vRtti A gaI, socatI hai- mA~ se amuka vastu mA~gU yA nahIM, kahIM iMkAra na kara de / vaha yuvatI pitA ke ghara raha rahI haiM, haMsatI hai, bolatI hai, khAtI haiM, choTe bhAI-bahanoM se pyAra bhI karatI haiM, mAtA-pitA kI AjJA bhI mAnatI hai, saba kAma karatI hai; kintu usakA moha mamatva kama ho gayA, kala taka jisa ghara ko apanA mAnatI thI, vaha parAyA ho gayA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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tattvArtha sUtra kintu abhI vaha pati ke ghara jA nahIM sakatI, kyoMki gaunA nahIM huA, pati livAne nahIM AyA, nimitta nahIM milA / 12 basa yahI sthiti samyaktvI kI hotI hai / isakI antara ruci to vrata grahaNa kI, aNuvrata - mahAvrata svIkAra karane kI, saMyama - sAdhanA kI hai; kintu usake vrata grahaNa meM kucha bAdhaka tatva Ar3e Ae hue haiM jisase ruci kriyAnvita nahIM ho pAtI / ina tatvoM meM prathama aura sabase prabhAvazAlI hai apratyAkhyAnI aura pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya / jaba taka ina kaSAyoM kA kSayopazama na ho taba taka vaha aNuvrata - mahAvratoM kA pAlana nahIM kara patA / yadi maukhika rUpa meM svIkAra bhI kara le to bhI AtmA se una guNoM kA sparza nahIM kara pAtA / anya paristhitiyA~ aisI ho sakatI haiM jo sAMsArika athavA sAmAjika dRSTikoNa se Avazyaka hoM / jaise pArivArika uttaradAyitva, choTe baccoM kA pAlana-poSaNa, sAmAjika tathA anya sabhI prakAra se dAyitva / ataH samyak cAritra kramabhAvI hotA hai / yaha saMbhava hai ki jIva samyaktva prApta hote hI saMyama-sAdhanA ke mArga para cala paDe aura yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki saMkhyAta - asaMkhyAta varSoM taka koI bhI vrata - niyama grahaNa na kara sake / kintu kabhI na kabhI saMyama grahaNa avazya karatA hai, kyoMki samyaktva prApta karate hI vaha parItasaMsArI aura zuklapakSI bana jAtA, adhika se adhika arddhapudgala parAvarta kAla taka saMsAra meM rahatA hai aura phira avazya mukta ho jAtA hai / ataH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ye tInoM milakara mokSamArga haiM / yahI isa sUtra kA abhipreta hai / Agama vacana - tahiyANaM tu bhAvANaM, sabbhAve uvaeseNaM / bhAveNaM saddahaMtassa, sammattaM taM viyAhiyaM // ( - uttarA 29/15) ( vAstavika (tathyabhUta) bhAvoM se sadbhAva ( astitva) ke nirUpaNa meM usI bhAva se (jaise ve tattva upasthita hai, jaisA unakA svarUpa hai, usI prakAra yathAtathya rUpa se) una tattvoM kA zraddhAna ( rucipUrvaka vizvAsa) karanA, samyagdarzana haiM / ) samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanaM / 2 / artha tatva (vastu svarUpa) kA artha sahita (nizcayapUrvaka) zraddhAna karanA, samyagdarzana hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 13 vivecana - tattva rUpa se zraddhAna karane kA abhiprAya bhAvapUrvaka nizcaya karanA hai / tat zabda sAmAnya ke artha meM prayukta huA hai aura usameM 'tva' pratyaya lagA hai / ataH tattva kA abhiprAya hai padArtha kA svarUpa; artha zabda kA prayoga nizcaya ke lie huA hai / jaisA ki nirukta meM kahA gayA hai - 'arthate nizcIyate iti arthaH' arthAt jisakA nizcaya kiyA jAya vaha artha haiM / sarala zabdoM meM - tattvoM/padArthoM kA unake apane-apane svarUpa ke anusAra jo zraddhAna (bhAva aura rucipUrvaka nizcaya) hotA hai, vaha samyagdarzana hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha dravya aura bhAva (arthAt paryAya) se samanvita hotA hai / ataH padArtha kA yathAtathya jJAna dravyadRSTi evaM paryAyadRSTi donoM hI prakAra se vicAra karane para prApta hotA hai / yahA~ dravya kA abhiprAya hai sAmAnya aura paryAya kA artha hai vizeSa / / ataH isa sUtra kA eka AcArya ne yaha bhI artha kiyA hai ki tattva kA dravya aura bhAva (artha) donoM hI prakAra se bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara zraddhAna (dRr3ha vizvAsa) karanA, samyagdarzana haiM / . kisI bhI vastu ke bAre meM bhalIbhA~ti jAnane ke lie sAmAnya vizeSa kA yaha siddhAnta sarvavyApI hai / pazcimI jagata meM ise General & Special Theory sAmAnya-vizeSa vidhi kahA jAtA hai / Spearman dvArA pracalita isa vidhi ko saMkSepa meM G. S. Theory kahate haiM aura yaha sabhI padArthoM ko jAnane meM prayukta kI jAtI hai / ataH saMkSepa meM samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai kisI bhI padArtha (tattva) athavA (sUtra 4 meM varNita) sabhI tattvoM kA bhalIbhA~ti (dravyadRSTi aura paryAyadRSTi donoM se) jAnakara zraddhAna (nizcaya pUrvaka dRr3ha vizvAsa) karanA, samyagdarzana hai / Agama vacana sammaiMsaNe duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA.NisaggasammadasaNe ceva abhigamasammaiMsaNe ceva / (-ThANaM, ThANa 2, u. 1, su. 70) (samyagdarzana do prakAra kA hotA hai- eka, nisargaja samyagdarzana aura dUsarA, abhigamaja smygdrshn|) samyagdarzana prApti ke prakAra- tannisargAdadhigamAdvA / 3 / atha -vaha (samyagdarzana) do prakAra se prApta hotA hai-eka svabhAva se For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 tattvArtha sUtra (naisargika rUpa se) aura dUsarA para ( dUsare ) ke nimitta se / prathama nisargajasamyagdarzana kahalAtA hai aura dUsarA adhigmj| ) vivecana nisarga kA artha hai pariNAma mAtra jo samyagdarzana jIva ko nimitta se utpanna hotA hai, vaha nisargaja upadeza kI apekSA AvazyakatA nahIM - svayaM ke pariNAma (Antarika bhAva ) ke samyagdarzana kahalAtA hai / isameM para ke ho / adhigamaja samyaktva vaha kahalAtA hai, jisameM para arthAt kisI anya sAdhu-sAdhvI, zAstra svAdhyAya Adi nimitta kI apekSA rahatI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, adhigamaja samyaktva kisI dUsare kA nimitta pAkara utpanna hotA hai / samyaktva prApti kI prakriyA - ( karmagrantha ke anusAra) karma granthoM meM, vizeSa rUpa se karmagrantha ( racayitA devendrasUri ) meM vistAra se samyaktva utpatti kI prakriyA samajhAI gaI hai / isake anusAra, samyaktva - prApti ke lie pA~ca labdhiyoM kA honA Avazyaka hai / (1) kSayopazamalabdhi jaba Ayu karma ke sivAya zeSa sAta karmoM kI sthiti ghaTakara eka antaH koTAkoTi sAgaropama pramANa raha jAtI hai, taba una karmoM ke kSayopazama se AtmA kI vIryazakti prasphuTita ho jAtI hai / saMkSepa meM, AtmA meM samyaktva dhAraNa kI yogyatA utpanna ho jAtI hai / yahI kSayopazamUlabdhi kahalAtI hai / (2) vizuddhilabdhi - kSayopazamalabdhi ke uparAnta AtmA ke pariNAmoM meM bhadratA honA, vizuddhilabdhi kahalAtI hai / (3), dezanAlabdhi guru-upadeza, zAstra-zravaNa Adi sunane aura samajhane kI kSamatA dezanAlabdhi hai / / (4) prAyogyalabdhi saMjJitva, paryAptatA, Adi karma kSayopazama se utpanna jIva kI yogyatAe~ - kSamAtAe~ prAyogyalabdhi haiM / - - (5) karaNalabdhi yaha antima labdhi hai / AtmA ke pariNAmoM ko 'karaNa' kahA jAtA hai / ina pariNAmoM ke tIna krama haiM - (1) yathApravRttikaraNa (2) apUrvakaraNa aura (3) anivRttikaraNa / cAroM labdhiyoM aura pA~cavIM labdhi ke yathApravRtti tathA apUrvakaraNa; do karaNa prApta hone para bhI jIva ko samyaktva nahIM prApta ho pAtA hai kintu tIsare karaNa - anivRttikaraNa ke prApta hone para jIva ko avazya hI samyaktva kI upalabdhi hotI hai / - - For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 15 anivRttikaraNarUpa AtmA ke tIvra pariNAmoM kI zakti se mithyAtvamoha kI granthi TUTa jAtI hai, sAtha hI anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhaina cAroM kaSAyoM kA kSaya athavA upazama ho jAtA hai / mithyAtva kI granthi TUTate hI yA to usakA saMpUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai athavA usake tIna khaNDa ho jAte haiM- (1) mithyAtvaprakRti (2) mizraprakRti (3) samyagmithyAtvaprakRti / mithyAtva kI ina tIna aura anantAnubandhI cAra- ina sAtoM prakRtiyoM ko 'darzana saptaka' kahA jAtA haiM / isa darzana saptaka ke kSaya, athavA upazama ke anantara samyaktva kI upalabdhi hotI hai / nisargaja aura adhigamaja samyaktva upalabdhi kI prakriyA meM antara nisargaja aura adhigamaja donoM hI prakAra ke samyaktva meM antaraMga kAraNa to samAna haiM, donoM meM hI 'darzana saptaka' kA kSaya, kSayopazama athavA upazama hotA hai / yahA~ taka donoM samyaktvoM kI prApti meM samAnatA hai I kintu antara hai kevala paranimitta nirapekSatA aura sApekSatA kA / nisargaja samyaktva meM bAharI nimitta nahIM par3atA jabaki adhigamaja samyaktva meM bAharI nimitta - yathA guru-upadeza Adi par3atA hai / isa tathya ko eka udAharaNa dvArA yo spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra nadI meM bahatA huA nukIlA patthara ragar3a khAte-khAte svayaM gola ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra anAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva bhI saMsAra ke anekavidha kaSTa aura saMkaTa bhogate hue svaMya hI usake pariNAma samyaktva - prApti ke yogya ho jAte haiM aura binA kisI upadeza ke hI use samyaktva kI prApti ho jAtI hai kintu yahAM yaha jijJAsA prabala rUpa se uThatI hai ki jisa jIva ne anAdi kAla se AtmA, pudgala, puNya-pApa Adi zabda sune hI nahIM, vaha AtmA ke svabhAva ko, svarUpa ko kaise jAnegA, kaise usa para zraddhA karegA ? arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu, dharma-adharma kucha bhI to nahIM sunA usane / isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna AcArya amRtacandra sUri ne tatvArthasAra nAmaka grantha meM isa prakAra kiyA hai / bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca- arthAt nisargaja aura adhigamaja samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi meM paropadeza kI apekSA bheda kevala asAkSAt aura sAkSAt kaah| isakA bhAva yaha hai ki nisargaja samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi ke samaya For Personal & Private Use Only

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16 tattvArtha sUtra to dezanA-dharmopadeza nahIM milatA; kintu pahale kabhI-kisI pUrva janma meM bhI use dharmopadeza prApta ho cukA hotA hai; yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki usane usa samaya samyaktva prApta nahIM kiyA aura aba, jabaki sAkSAt guru se dharma kA upadeza na sunakara, kintu pahale sune hue dharmopadeza ke saMskAroM ke prabhAvavaza, svaMya hI apane pariNAma se, nisarga rUpa meM use samyaktva kI prApti ho jAya yahI nisargaja samyaktva kahalAtA hai / 'bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAca' kA hArda isa dRSTAnta se spaSTa ho jAyegA eka praur3ha vyakti hai, 50 varSa kI Ayu hai, usake dA~ta meM yA dAr3ha meM darda ho rahA hai, asahya darda hai, tar3apa rahA hai, bahuta duHkhI hai, mana meM eka hI icchA hai, kisI taraha darda miTe, caina Aye, zAMti mile / vedanA kI tIvratA ne usake mana-buddhi ko jhakajhora diyA, nAr3I saMsthAna ko udvelita kara diyA, cetanA kA pravAha pIche kI ora calane lagA, baDe tIvra vega se / acAnaka hI usake mastiSka meM kauMdhA- jaba maiM dasa varSa kA thA, taba bhI dAr3ha meM aisA hI darda huA thA / pitAjI ne loMga kA tela lagA diyA thA, darda ThIka ho gayA thA / upAya mila gayA, usakA darda ThIka ho gayA / ___ isa samaya usake pitA bhI nahIM haiM, vaidya-DAkTara bhI nahIM hai, koI salAha dene vAlA bhI nahIM hai, use naisargika rUpa se 40 sAla pahale kI ghaTanA yAda AgaI, isakA dA~ta kA darda miTa gayA / isI prakAra 4 yA 40 lAkha athavA kitane hI janma pahale usane kisI sadgurudeva se, tIrthaMkara se dharma kA, AtmA kA svarUpa sunA kintu usa samaya grahaNa nahIM kiyA, dharma kA sparza nahIM huA / phira kisI nimitta se hajAroM lAkhoM janmoM ke bAda bhI vaha dharma sandeza AtmA meM svayaM hI naisargika rUpa se ubhara AyA - ThIka usI prakAra jaise somila ke hRdaya meM zmazAna meM dhyAnastha muni gajasukamAla ke prati 99 lAkha bhava pahale ke vaira baMdha ke kAraNa krodha kI jvAlA dhadhaka uThI thI / basa, yahI sAkSAt-asAkSAt dharmopadeza kA rahasya hai / isI prakAra naisargika samyagdarzana prApta hotA hai / nisargaja aura adhigamaja samykatva ke atirikta samyaktva ke aura bhI bheda hai / unakI bhI jAnakArI yahA~ apekSita hai / samyaktva athavA samyagdarzana ke pramukha bheda haiM - For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 17 (1) vyavahAra samyagdarzana aura nizcaya samyagdarzana (2) sarAga evaM vItarAga samyagdarzana (3) kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, aupazamika samyagdarzana (4) vedaka samyaktva (5) sAsvAdana samyaktva (6) paudgalika aura apaudgalika samyaktva (7) dravyasamyaktva aura bhAvasamyaktva (8) ruci kI apekSA se nisargaja Adi dasa prakAra kA samyaktva (9) kAraka, rocaka, dIpaka samyaktva samyaktva ke kitane bhI bheda hoM; para unakI utpatti kA mUla kAraNa darzanasaptaka kA kSaya, kSayopazama yA upazama hI hai / vItarAga aura nizcaya samyagdarzana eka hI bAta hai / yaha bheda AdhyAtmika athavA Atmika pariNAmoM kI mukhyatA kI apekSA se hai / isa vItarAga athavA nizcayasamyagdarzana kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai - zuddha jIvAstikAyarucirUpasya nizcayasamyaktvasya / ___ - niyamasAra gA 3 TIkA - zuddha AtmA kI ora jIva kI ruci (nizcayasamyaktva hai / . isI prakAra ke anya lakSaNa bhI anya AcAryoM ne diye haiM kintu sabhI kA hArda Atmaruci-zuddhAtmaruci hai / - vyavahAra samyagdarzana ke pramukha lakSaNa do haiM - (1) tatvArtha zraddhAna, jo svayaM isI grantha kA dUsarA sUtra hai aura . (2) dUsarA lakSaNa hai - sacce deva-gurU-dharma para dRr3ha zraddhA' / inake atirikta aura bhI aneka AcAryoM ne vibhinna lakSaNa diye haiM, kintu sabakA samAveza inhIM do lakSaNoM meM ho jAtA hai / kAraka samyaktva - isa samyagdarzana ke prabhAva se jIva svayaM to dRr3ha 1. arihaMto maha devo, jAvajjIvaM susAhuNo guruNo / jiNapaNNattaM tattaM, iya samattaM mae gahiyaM // - Avazyaka sUtra For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 tattvArtha sUtra zraddhAvAna banakara samyakyacAritra kA pAlana karatA hI hai, sAtha hI anyoM ko bhI preraNA dekara unheM bhI sadAcaraNa meM pravRtta karatA hai / rocaka samyaktva - ise prApta jIvA svayaM bhI sirpha zraddhAna hI kara pAtA hai, kintu tadanukUla AcaraNa-samyak cAritra kA pAlana nahIM kara paataa| yaha sirpha samyagbodha kI dazA hai / dIpaka samyaktva - kA dhAraka jIva dIpaka ke samAna hotA hai / jaise dIpaka ke nIce aMdherA rahatA hai, usI prakAra ise bhI tatvoM ke prati zraddhA nahIM hotI; kintu ise tatvajJAna bahuta hotA hai / yaha tatvoM kA vivecana karake anya logoM ko to samyaktvI banA detA hai, ve loga isase lAbha uThA lete haiM kintu yaha svayaM korA hI raha jAtA haiM / usakA samyaktva kevala vANIvilAsa taka hI sImita rahatA hai / __ kSAyika samyaktva - darzanasaptaka ke kSaya hone se AtmA meM prasphuTita hotA hai / isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki eka bAra prApta hone ke bAda yaha naSTa nahIM hotA aura tacaM bhavaM nAikkamai- isa mAnyatA ke anusAra aisA jIva adhika se adhika 3 bhava meM mokSa prApta kara letA hai / kSAyopazamika samyaktva - darzanasaptaka se chaha prakRtiyoM ke kSaya tathA sAtavIM samyamithyAtva nAma kI prakRti kA upazama hone para upalabdha hotA hai / isa samyaktva kA kAla 66 sAgaropama kA hai / aisA jIva 15-16 bhava meM mokSa prApta kara letA hai / eka. apekSA se isakA utkRSTa kAla 132 sAgaropama kA bhI mAnA gayA hai, kintu bhava saMkhyA utanI hI hai / aupazamika samyaktva - darzanasaptaka ke upazama hone se upalabdha hotA hai / upazama kA artha hai - daba jAnA / jaise eka gilAsa meM miTTI milA jala bharA hai / nirmalI (phiTakar3I) Adi DAlane se miTTI nIce jama jAtI hai aura jala nirmala dikhAI dene lagatA hai, vahI dazA aupazamika samyaktva kI hai / kintu jaise hI gilAsa ko dhakkA lagA ki punaH pAnI gaMdalA ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra mithyAtva athavA anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA Aveza Ate hI yaha samyaktva bhI vinaSTa ho jAtA hai / kintu isakI itanI vizeSatA avazya hai ki eka bAra isakA sparza karanevAle jIva kA saMsAra mAtra arddha pudgala parAvartana zeSa raha jAtA hai / isa samyaktva kA kAla mAtra eka muhUrta hai / isake uparAnta yA to jIva ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 19 kSAyopazamika samyaktva prApta ho jAtA hai, athavA nIce gira jAtA hai / patita hone kI dazA meM yA to apanI zuddha zraddhA meM mithyAtva kA aMza milA letA hai, athavA punaH mithyAtvI bana jAtA hai / vedaka samyaktva - jIva ko usa samaya prApta hotA hai jaba vaha kSAyoMpazamika samyaktva kI bhUmikA se Upara uThakara kSAyika samyaktva prApta karane kI dizA meM agrasara hotA hai / isa samaya vaha samyamithyAtva nAmaka prakRti ke zeSa dalikoM kA vedana karake kSaya karatA hai / isa vedana ke AdhAra para hI isakA nAma vedaka samyaktva par3A hai / sAsvAdana samyaktva - jaba jIva aupazamika athavA kSAyopazamika samyaktva kA vamana (tyAga) karake mithyAtva kI ora giratA hai, usa aMtarAla meM jaba taka mithyAtva kA udaya na ho taba taka jo samyaktva kA AsvAdana rahatA hai, vaha sAsvAdana samyaktva kahalAtA hai / udAharaNArtha, Ama per3a kI DAlI se girA kintu abhI jamIna para pahaMcA nahIM, gira hI rahA hai; basa yahI dazA sAsvAdana samyaktva kI hai, jIva samyaktva se chUTa cukA hai kintu mitthAtva kA sparza nahIM huA, isa girAvaTa ke samaya meM hone vAle Atma-pariNAma sAsvAdana samyaktva nAma se abhihita kiye gaya hai| isa samyaktva kA kAla chaha AvalikA aura 7 samaya mAtra hai. / rUci kI apekSA dasa prakAra kA samyaktva - uttarAdhyayana sUtra (28/16) meM dasa ruciyoM ke nAma isa prakAra ginAye gaye haiM - nisagguvaesaruI, ANAruI suttabIyaruimeva / / abhigama-vitthArarui, kiriyA saMkheva dhammarui // (1) nisarga ruci, (2) upadeza ruci, (3) AjJA ruci, (4) sUtra ruci, (5) bIja ruci, (6) abhigama ruci, (7) vistAra ruci, (8) kriyA ruci, (9) saMkSepa ruci, (10) dharma ruci ina ruciyoM athavA rucirUpa samyaktva kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai (1) nisarga ruci - paropadeza ke binA hI samyaktva kA AvaraNa karanevAle karmoM kI viziSTa nirjarA hone se samutpanna hone vAlI tatvArtha zraddhA (2) upadeza ruci - arihanta bhagavAna ke atizaya Adi ko dekhakara athavA inakI vANI yA unake anuyAyI zramaNoM ke vairAgyavarddhaka upadeza For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 tattvArtha sUtra sunakara utpanna hone vAlI tatva rUci / (3) AjJA ruci - vItarAga arihaMta deva tathA zramaNa saMtoM kI AjJA kI ArAdhanA se hone vAlI tatva-ruci / . (4) sUtra ruci - agaMbAhya tathA aMgapraviSTa zruta, zAstroM ke tanmayatApUrvaka adhyayana se jIvAdi tatvoM ke zraddhAna rUpa hone vAlI ruci / .. . (5) bIja ruci - jisa prakAra jala meM tela kI bUMda phaila jAtI haiM, usI prakAra jo samyaktva eka pada (tattvabodha) se aneka padoM meM phaila jAtA haiM, vaha bIja ruci rupa samyaktva hai / / (6) abhigama ruci - aMgopAMgoM (gyAraha aMga, prakIrNaka, dRSTivAda Adi zrutajJAna) ke artha rUpa jJAna ko artha sahita jAnane se aura anyoM ko jJAnAbhyAsa karAne se honevAlA tattva ruci rupa samyaktva / (7) vistAra ruci - chaha dravya nau tatva, dravya-guNa-paryAya, pramANa, naya-nikSepa Adi kA vistArapUrvaka abhyAsa karane se hone vAlA vistAra ruci rUpa samyagdarzana / (8) kriyA ruci - darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa, vinaya, satya samiti, gupti Adi kriyAoM meM bhAvapUrvaka ruci kriyA ruci kahalAtI hai / (9) saMkSepa ruci - alpajJAna se hone vAlI ruci / aise jIva kI vizeSatA hai ki yadyapi use vizeSa jJAna nahIM hotA phira bhI isameM haThAgraha aura kadAgraha kA abhAva hotA hai / (10) dharma ruci - vItarAga bhagavAna dvArA prarUpita zrutadharma aura cAritradharma meM zraddhA karanA dharmarucirUpa samyaktva haiM / isa dasa ruci rUpa samyaktva ko sarAga samyagdarzana ke aMtargata batAyA gayA hai / jaisA ki isa pATha se spaSTa haiM - dasavihe sarAga sammadasaNe paNNatte, taM jahAnisaguvaesarui ANArui sutta-bIyaruimeva / abhigama vitthAraruI, kiriyA saMkheva dhammaruI // -sthAnAMga 10 / 3 / 751) sarAga samyagdarzana kA abhiprAya kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana se hai / ... samyagdarzana kI vizuddhi samyagdarzana mokSa kA mUla hai / isI ke kAraNa jJAna aura cAritra bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 21 samyak hote haiM tathA mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta upAya banate haiM / ataH nirdoSa athavA vizuddha samyagdarzana kA svarUpa bhalI bhA~ti jAna lenA Avazyaka hai / graMthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki 25 doSoM se rahita samyagdarzana vizuddha hotA hai / eka zloka meM ina 25 doSoM kA ullekha isa prakAra hai - mUDhatrayaM madAzcASTau, tathA'nAyatanAni SaT / aSTau zaMkAdayazceti, dRgtoSA paMcaviMzatiH // - 3 mUr3hatAe~, 8 mada, 6 anAyatana aura 8 zaMkAdi doSa-ye samyagdarzana ke 25 doSa haiM / ATha zaMkAdi doSa zaMkAdi doSoM ke viparIta samyaktva ke ATha aMga bhI mAne jAte haiM / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra maila nikala jAne se vastra meM ujvalatA yA saphedI AtI hai aura usase zubhratA-camaka bar3ha jAtI hai, usI prakAra doSoM ke nikala jAne se samyaktva meM jo vizuddhi AtI hai, vaha ATha guNoM athavA aMgoM ke rUpa meM pragaTa hotI hai,| isI rUpa meM AtmA ina aMgoM kA anubhava karatA hai / . jisa prakAra zarIra ke ATha mukhya aMga haiM, usI prakAra samyaktva ke ye ATha aMga bhI pramukha haiM / jaise zarIra meM A~kha, nAka Adi eka bhI aMga kI kamI hone se zarIra kI sundaratA evaM upayogitA hI kama ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra samyaktva kA eka bhI aMga kama hone se samyaktva kI mahimA aura usakI tejasvitA kSINa ho jAtI hai / isI kAraNa aneka graMthoM meM ina aMgoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra (28/31) meM ina aMgoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM - . nissaMkiya nikkaM khiya nivitigicchA amUDhadiThI ya / uvavUha thirIkaraNe vacchala-pabhAvaNe aTha // (1) nissaMkiya (niHzaMkatA) - isakA abhiprAya hai, tIrthaMkaroM ke vacanoM meM, deva-zAstra-gurU ke svarUpa meM kisI prakAra kI bhI zaMkA na krnaa| zaMkA ke do artha kiye gaye haiM -1. saMdeha tathA 2. bhaya / yadi gaharAI se dekhA jAya to bhaya bhI zaMkA se hI utpanna hotA hai, tathA yaha avizvAsa kA dyotaka hai / bhaya usI vyakti ko hotA hai, jise apanI Atmazakti tathA karmasiddhAnta ke prati pUrA vizvAsa nahIM hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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22 tattvArtha sUtra kintu samyagdRSTi jIva pUrNa rUpa se AtmavizvAsI hotA hai, usake hRdaya meM na apanI Atma-zakti ke prati zaMkA hotI hai aura na jina pravacanoM ke prati / samayasAra (gAthA 228) meM bhI isI prakAra ke bhAva vyakta kiye gaye hai sammaddiTThI jIvA, NissaMkA hoMti NibbhayA ceva / samyagdRSTi jIva nirbhaya aura zaMkArahita hote haiM / / sthAnAMga sUtra (sthAna 7) meM bhaya ke sAta pramukha bheda batAye haiM (1) ihalokabhaya isa loka arthAt sajAtIya mAnava samAja se svajana, zatru Adi se bhayabhIta honA / (2) paralokabhaya - vijAtIya, pazu, pakSI, deva Adi se bhayabhIta rahanA / - - (3) atrANabhaya samyaktvI saMsAra meM putra Adi parivArIjanoM, dhanasampatti Adi bhautika vaibhava ko kabhI apanA rakSaka yA trAtA nahIM mAnatA, isIlie use atrANa bhaya nahIM satAtA / vaha to apanI AtmA, paMcaparameSThI aura dharma kI zaraNa grahaNa karake sadA nirbhaya rahatA hai / atrANabhaya meM hI AjIvikA athavA AdAnabhaya bhI garbhita hai / samyaktvI jIva isa bAta kA bhaya nahIM karatA ki naukarI chUTa jAyegI to kyA hogA, athavA vyApAra meM nukasAna ho jAyegA to kyA hogA ? kyoMki use karmoM para pUrA vizvAsa hotA hai, jAnatA hai - antarAya AyegI to naukarI bhI chUTegI aura vyApAra meM bhI nukasAna hogA aura jaba antarAya TUTegI, puNya kA udaya hogA to svayameva AjIvikA ke sAdhana baneMge, dhanAgama hogA yAni ki saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM bhI usakA Atma-vizvAsa DagamagAtA nahIM / - (4) akasmAt bhaya mAnava jIvana meM eksIDeMTa Adi acAnaka hI dukhadAyI ghaTanAe~ ho jAtI haiM / kintu aisI ghaTanAoM kI pUrvakalpanA karake samyaktvI jIva kabhI bhayabhIta nahIM hotA / kisI prakAra kI anAgata kI duSkalpanA se vaha vicalita nahIM hotA / - - usake mastiSka meM yaha vicAra hI nahIM Ate ki kahIM eksIDeMTa na ho jAya, kahIM koI pAkiTamAra merI jeba sApha na kara de, cora-DAkU mere dhana kA apaharaNa na kara leM, anya koI Akasmika ghaTanA na ho jAya / (5) vedanAbhaya vedanA athavA pIr3A kisI zArIrika-mAnasika For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 23 vyAdhi athavA roga se utpanna hotI hai| pIr3A kI AzaMkA se mithyAtvI bhayabhIta rahatA hai, kintu samyaktvI aisA bhaya nahIM pAlatA / vaha jAnatA hai azubha karma yA asAtA ke udaya se vedanA hotI hai / ataH vaha adhikatara zubha karma hI karatA hai / phira bhI yadi pUrvakarmoM ke kAraNa vedanA hI bhI jAya to hara samaya usI kA cintana karake ArtadhyAna nahIM karatA, apitu samabhAvoM se use bhogakara karmoM kI nirjarA kara letA hai / samyaktvI sahiSNu hotA hai / (6) apayaza yA azlokabhaya - yadyapi samyaktvI manuSya aisA koI kArya nahIM karatA jisase samAja meM usakI nindA ho, kintu phira bhI yadi loga IrSyA athavA dveSavaza usakI nindA karate haiM to usa nindA se vaha bhayabhIta bhI nahIM hotA aura nahI una logoM ko prasanna karane ke lie vaha apanI zuddha zraddhA ke viparIta koI AcaraNa karatA hai / vaha kisI se prazaMsA pAne kI icchA bhI nahIM karatA aura nindA se DaratA bhI nahIM, donoM hI sthitiyoM meM samatAbhAva rakhane kA prayAsa karatA hai / __ (7) maraNabhaya - sAMsArika dRSTi se maraNa kA bhaya sabase bar3A h| saMsAra kA koI bhI prANI maranA nahIM cAhatA, mRtyu se sadaiva bhayabhIta rahatA hai, mRtyu use mahAbhayaMkara mAlUma hotI hai / ___ mRtyubhaya kA mUla kAraNa hai-zarIra ke prati Asakti, jIne kA moha / jIva apane zarIra ko apane se abhinna mAnatA hai / isIlie use zarIra chor3ane meM ghora kaSTa hotA hai / kintu samyaktvI to zarIra ko AtmA se alaga mAnatA hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki merI AtmA ajara, amara, zAzvata hai aura zarIra vinAzadharmA hai / isake sAtha merA saMyoga tabhI taka hai, jaba taka Aya karma kI sthiti hai; jyoM hI Ayu pUrI huI ki yaha zarIra chUTa hI jAyegA, phira mRtyu kA bhaya kyoM karanA, isase kyoM DaranA ? samyaktvI mRtyu se DaratA nahIM, apitu vIra yoddhA kI bhA~ti usakA svAgata karatA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki samyaktvI jIva apane samyaktva ke bala para jIvana-kalA aura mRtyu-kalA donoM ko hI bhalI bhA~ti jAnatA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki yaha sAtoM bhaya zarIrAsakti ke kAraNa hote haiM aura samyaktvI zarIrAsakti se mukta rahate kI sAdhanA karatA hai, isalie vaha niHzaMka aura nirbhaya rahatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 tattvArtha sUtra niHzaMka honA samyaktva kA mUla AdhAra hai aura isa guNa se nirbhayatA kI bhAvanA svataH udbhUta evaM dRr3ha hotI haiM / (2) nikkaMkhiya (niSkAMkSatA) - anya darzanoM ke ADambara-vaibhava Adi se AkarSita hokara unheM svIkAra karane kI icchA na karanA tathA apane dharmAcaraNa ke phalasvarUpa isa loka athavA paraloka ke bhautika sAMsArika sukhoM kI icchA na karanA / . (3) nivvitigicchA (nirvicikitsA)- apane dvArA Acarita dharma ke phala meM sandeha nahIM karanA ki mujhe amuka dharmakriyA kA phala milegA yA nahIM aura ratnatraya kI sAdhanA se zucibhUta pavitra-sAdhuoM ke malina vastra va zarIra ko dekhakara jugupsA na karanA tathA deva-guru-dharma kI nindA na karanA-yaha samyaktva kA tIsarA nirvicikitsA aMga hai / / (4) amUDhadiThThi - isakA abhiprAya hai - mohamugdha dRSTi yA vizvAsa na rakhanA / mUr3hatA kA artha mugdhatA athavA mUrkhatA donoM hI haiM / saMsArAbhinandI jIva aisI aneka mUrkhatAoM meM mugdha banA rahatA hai / kucha pramukha mUr3hatA isa prakAra hai - (ka) devamUr3hatA - rAga-dveSayukta devoM kI upAsanA karanA, unake nimitta hiMsA Adi pApa karanA / (ga) gurumur3hatA - nindya yA patita AcAra vAle sAdhuoM ko guru mAnanA / (kha) lokamUr3hatA- loka pracalita kuprathAoM, kurUr3hiyoM kA pAlana dharma samajhakara karanA, jaise gaMgA meM snAna karane para pApa dhula jAte haiM Adi / (gha) zAstramUr3hatA - hiMsA, indriya-viSaya, juA, corI, rAgadveSavardhaka asatya kalpanA vAle granthoM ko dharma zAstra samajhanA / (ca) dharmamUr3hatA - ADambara, DoMga, prapaMcayukta dharmoM ko saccA tathA kalyANakArI, mokSadAyI dharma mAnanA / (5) uvavUhaNa (upavRhaNa athavA upagRhana) - guNIjanoM ke guNoM kI prazaMsA karanA, unake prati pramoda bhAva rakhanA tathA apane guNoM ko yathAsaMbhava gupta rakhanA, unakA pracAra na karanA / (6) thirIkaraNa (sthirIkaraNa) - samyaktva athavA cAritra se Digate hue sAdharmI bhAiyoM ko dharma meM punaH sthira karanA tathA svayaM apanI AtmA ke pariNAma bhI yadi para-bhAvoM, rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNameM to unakA punaH Atma For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 25 bhAva meM sthira karanA, apanI AtmA kA sthirIkaraNa hai / (7) vacchalatA (vAtslya) - sAdharmI bhAiyoM ke prati niHsvArtha snehabhAva rakhanA, jIva mAtra ke prati karuNA va nijatva kI anubhUti karanA / jaise gau apane vatsa (bachar3e) ke prati sneha rakhatI hai usI prakAra apanI AtmA ke hitakArI jJAna-darzana-cAritra Adi bhAvoM ke prati vizeSa anurAga rakhanA svAtma-vatsalatA hai / (8) pabhAvaNA (prabhAvanA) - dharma evaM saMgha kI unnati/abhyudaya ke lie cintana karanA, aise prayatna karanA jisase dharma kA pracAra ho, anya loga prabhAvita hoM tathA ratnatraya kI prakRSTa bhAvanA se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita prabhAvita karanA / ( ina AThoM aMgoM se samyaktva ko zaktizAlI banAyA jA sakatA hai ) __ATha mada 1. kula (pitRpakSa), 2. jAti (mAtRpakSa), 3. bala (zArIrika mAnasakibauddhika zakti), 4. rUpa (zarIra saundarya), 5. lAbha (adhika vastu kI prApti), 6. vaibhava (aizvarya Adi sAmagrI tathA pUrvajoM dvArA saMcita dhana, ratna Adi), 7. tapa aura 8. jJAna-ina bAtoM kA tathA anya kisI bhI upalabdhi kA ghamaMDa samyaktvI nahIM karatA / yadi use kisI bAta kA garva ho jAtA hai to vaha samyaktva kA mala athavA doSa bana jAtA hai / samyaktvI gaMbhIra hotA hai usameM chichorApana nahIM hotA / karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra sthiti yaha hai ki samyaktvI nIca gotra kA bandha nahIM karatA aura abhimAna se nIca gotrakarma kA bandha hotA hai| ataH isa tathya ko jAnakara samyaktvI kabhI bhI garva nahIM karatA / . laukika dRSTi se bhI abhimAna patana kA kAraNa haiM / SaT anAyatana Ayatana kA artha hotA hai-AzrayasthAna athavA saMga-sAtha, tathA anAyatana kA artha isakA viloma ulaTA hai arthAt jo Azraya sthAna nahIM hai / samyaktvI ke lie zAstroM meM aise 6 anAyatana - Azraya na lene yogya sthAna batAye gaye haiM - (1) mithyAdarzana (2) mithyAjJAna (3) mithyAcAritra aura ina tInoM ke anuyAyI - (4) mithyAdarzanI (5) mithyAjJAnI (6) mithyAcAritrI / samyaktvI ko na to inakI prazaMsA hI karanI cAhie aura yahAM taka ki inakA sAtha bhI chor3a denA cAhie, anyathA saMgati-doSa se usake samyaktva ke dUSita hone kI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 tattvArtha sUtra ___ ina 25 mala-doSoM se apane samyaktva ko bacAkara use vizuddha rakhanA samyaktvI kA parama kartavya hai / vizuddha samyagdarzana tIrthakara gotra baMdhane kA nimitta bhI banatA hai / (dekhiye tAlikA pRSTha 27 se 30 para) samyaktva ke bAhya lakSaNa : ___ koI manuSya samyaktvI hai yA nahIM, yaha usake bAhya vyavahAra se bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai / tathya yaha hai ki samyaktva ke prabhAva se AtmA meM jo AMtarika parivartana hote haiM, vRtti-pravRtti-ruciyoM meM jo antara AtA hai, vaha usake bAhya vyavahAra meM parilakSita hone lagatA hai / zAstroM meM aise pAMca pramukha lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM - (1) prazama, (2) saMvega, (3) nirveda, (4) anukampA aura (5) Astikya / (1) prazama - 'zama' zabda prAkRta ke 'sama' zabda kA saMskRta rUpAntara hai / prAkRta 'sama' ke saMskRta meM tIna rUpa banate haiM - sama, zama aura shrm| 'sama' kA abhiprAya hai samatA, sabhI prANiyoM ko apane hI samAna samajhanA / 'zama' kA abhiprAya krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA nigraha, unakI ora ruci kA abhAva tathA mithyAgraha, durAgraha kA zamana aura satyagrAhI manovRti kA nirmANa / 'zrama' yahAM puruSArtha aura parizrama donoM hI rUpoM ko dhotita karatA hai / samyaktvI apanI AtmA kI unnati ke lie kisI anya kI sahAyatA kI apekSA na karake, svayaM hI puruSArtha karatA hai aura parizrama karake mokSa mArga para agrasara hotA hai / samyaktvI meM 'sama' zabda se dyotita tInoM guNa hote haiM / (2-3) saMvega aura nirveda - saMvega kA abhiprAya hai - mokSa prApti kI icchA, Atma-pariNAmoM kA vega mokSa-mArga kI ora honA tathA nirveda saMsAra evaM sAsaMsArika kriyA-kalApoM kI ora vimukhatA-aruci kA bhAna karAtA h| samyaktvI bhI sAMsArika kriyAoM ko kartavya samajhakara karatA haiM, usakI AMtarika ruci udhara nahIM hotI, apitu usake hRdaya meM to sadaiva apanI mukti kI bhAvanA calatI rahatI hai / (4) anukampA - anya pIr3ita prANiyoM ko dekhakara samyaktvI ke hRdaya meM kampana ho uThatA hai, vaha unakI pIr3A miTAne kA prayAsa karatA hai, cAhatA hai, yaha sukhI ho / For Personal & Private Use Only

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For Personal & Private Use Only aSTa aMga 1. niHzaMkita 2. niSkAMkSita 3. nirvicikitsA 4. amUDhadRSTitva 5. upagUhanatva 6. sthirIkaraNa 7. vatsalatA 8. prabhAvanA (madarahitatA) vizuddha samyagdarzana ( darzanavizuddhi) 1. jAtimadavarjana 2. kula madavarjana 3. bala madavarjana 4. rUpa madavarjana 5. lAbha madavarjana 6. aizvarya madavarjana 7. jJAna madavarjana 8. tapasyA madavarjana chaha anAyatana kudeva mAnyatA tyAga kuguru mAnyatA tyAga kudharmasevana tyAga kudevAnuyAyI saMsarga barjana kuguru anuyAyI saMsarga varjana kudharma anuyAyI saMsarga varjana amUr3hatA | devamUr3hatA tyAga gurumUr3hatA tyAga lokamUr3hatA tyAga aticAra rahitatA 1. zaMkArahitatA 2. kAMkSArahitatA 3. dugaMchArahitatA 4. parapaSaMDaprazaMsA tyAga 5. parapASaMDasaMstuti tyAga adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 27

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For Personal & Private Use Only (1) zraddhA ( 4 ) 1. paramArtha saMstava 2. paramArtha sevanA 3. samyaktvabhraSTa parihAra 4. mithyAdarzanI parihAra samyagdarzana zuddhi ke nimitta (67 bola) (2) liMga (3) 1. paramAgama zuzrUSA 2. dharmasAdhanA meM utkRSTa anurAga 3. gurU vaiyAvRtya niyama ( AdhAra - samyaktvasattarI, pR. 138 dharmasaMgraha, adhi. 1, guNa. 13) (3) vinaya (10) 1. arihaMta vinaya 2. arihaMtaprarupitadharma vinaya 3. AcArya vinaya > 4. upAdhyAya vinaya 5. sthavira vinaya 6. kulavinaya 7. gaNavinaya 8. saMghavinaya 9. dhArmikakriyA vinaya 10. sAdharmika vinaya (4) zuddhi (3) 1. manazuddhi 2. vacanazuddhi 3. kAyazuddhi 2.8 tattvArtha sUtra

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For Personal & Private Use Only (5) dUSaNa (aMticAra) (5) 1. zaMkA 2. kAkSA 3. vicikitsA 4. mithyAdRSTi prazaMsA 5. mithyAdRSTi saMstava (9) yatanA ( 5 ) 1. vandanA 2. namaskAra 3. dAna 4. anupradAna 5. AlApa 6. salApa samyagdarzana zuddhi ke nimitta (67 bola) (6) prabhAvanA ( 8 ) 1. pravacana dvArA 2. dharmakathA dvArA 3. vAdazakti dvArA 4. nimittajJAna dvArA 5. tapasyA dvArA 6. vidyAbala dvArA 7. siddhi dvArA 8. kavitva zakti dvArA (10) AgAra ( 7 ) 1. rAjAbhiyoga 2. gaNAbhiyoga 3. balAbhiyoga 4. devAbhiyoga 5. gurunigraha 6. vRttikAntAra 3. 4. 5. " " 17 " (11) bhAvAnAe~ (6) 1. samyagdarzana dharma rUpI vRkSa kA mUla hai 1. AtmA hai 2. nagara kA dvAra hai " " " / / " " " " " (7) bhUSaNa (5) 1. jinazAsana kuzalatA mahala kI nIMva hai dhArmika jagata kA AdhAra hai dharmarUpI vastu ko dhAraNa karane kA pAtra hai guNaratnoM ko rakhane kI nidhi hai "1 2. prabhAvanA 3. tIrthasevanA 4. sthiratA 5. bhakti kramazaH (8) lakSaNa ( 5 ) 1. upazama 2. saMvega 3. nirveda 4. anukapA 5. Astikya (12) sthAnaka (6) 2. AtmA nitya hai 3. AtmA apane karmoM kA kartA hai| 4. AtmA kRtakarmoM ke phala kA bhoktA ha 5. AtmA mukti prApta kara sakatA mukti kA upAya hai 6. adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 29

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30 tattvArtha sUtra isI prakAra vaha apanI AtmA ke bhAva rAga-dveSa kaSAyoM ke pravAha meM bahate dekhakara kaMpita ho uThatA hai, jAnatA hai ye bhAva merI AtmA ke lie duHkha ke kAraNa haiM, ataH vaha apanI nija kI pariNati ko kaSAyoM se haTAkara, svAtmabhAva meM lagAtA haiM / yaha usakI svAtma anukaMpA athavA svadayA hai / (5) Astikya - isakA abhiprAya hai astitva athavA sattA meM vizvAsa karanA, kintu vaha astitva mithyA, kalpanA kI ur3Ana mAtra na ho, satya ho, tathya ho, vAstavika ho / ___Astikya guNa ko pUrI taraha pragaTa karane ke lie AcAraMga (1 / 1) meM eka sUtra AyA haiM - ... se AyAvAdI, loyAvAdI, kammAvAdI, kiriyAvAdI / - vaha jIva AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI, kriyAvAdI hotA hai / samyaktvI loka-paraloka, punarjanma, AtmA-paramAtmA, Astrava baMdha mokSa Adi tatvoM ke bAre meM jina-praNIta sidhdAMto dRDha vizvAsa evaM AsthA karatA hai yahI usakA Astikya guNa hai / isa prakAra samyaktva ke kSAyika, aupazAmika, kSAyopazamika, vItarAga, sarAga, nizcaya, vyavahAra, paudgalika, apaudgalika Adi aneka bheda haiM, kintu pramukha bheda do hI haiM - nisargaja aura adhigamaja / zeSa sabhI prakAra inhI ke upabheda haiM / isIlie AcArya ne sUtra meM ina do kA hI nAma ginAyA haiM, inhI do meM sabhI prakAra ke samyaktva garbhita ho gaye haiM / Agama vacana - jIvAjIvA ya bandho ya puNNaM pAvAsavo tahA / / saMvaro nijarA mokkho santee tahiyA nava / - - uttarA. 28/14 (jIva, ajIva, bandha, puNya, pApa, Astrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa - yaha nau tatva hai / ) nava sabbhAvapayatthA paNNattA, taMja hAjIvA ajIvA puNNaM pAvaM Asavo saMvaro nijarA baMdho mokkhaa| ___ - ThANaM. ThA. 9, su. 665 For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 31 ( sadbhAva padArtha nau prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM (1) jIva, (2) ajIva, (3) puNya, (4) pApa, (5) Astrava, (6) saMvara, (7) nirjarA, (8) baMdha aura (9) mokSa / ) tatvoM ke nAma jIvAjIvAstrava-baMdha - saMvara - nirjarA - mokSAstattvam // 4 / (1) jIva, (2) ajIva, (3) Astrava, (4) baMdha, (5) saMvara, (6) nirjarA, (7) mokSa - yaha sAta tattva hai / vivejana Agama meM 9 tattva athavA padArtha batAye haiM; jabaki prastuta sUtra meM inakI saMkhyA 7 dI gaI hai / inameM maulika bheda kucha bhI nahIM haiM / kathana zailI kA hI bheda hai / - sUtra kI racanA saMkSipta zailI meM hotI hai ataH puNya aura pApa do padArthoM ko Astrava meM garbhita kara liyA gayA hai / - sAta aura nau tattvoM (padArthoM) ke lie ina do saMkhyAoM kA vyavahAra AgamAnumodita hai / ? jIva hai / nau tattva kahe jAyeM athavA nau padArtha, yA sAta tattva hI kahe jAyeM sabhI kA vAcyArtha samAna hai, koI antara nahIM hai / isakA lakSaNa cetanA hai, arthAt jisameM cetanA hai, vaha (1) jIva hai / (2) ajIva jisameM cetanA kA abhAva hai, vaha ajIva kahalAtA hai / ajIva tattva pAMca haiM - (1) pudgala, (2) dharma, (3) adharma, (4) AkAza aura (5) kAla' / inameM se pudgala rupI (rUpavAna ) hai aura zeSa saba arUpI haiM / rUpI kA abhiprAya haiM jisameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa ho / zubhAzubha karmoM ke Ane ke dvAra ko Astrava kahate (3) Astrava - - (4) baMdha AtmA ke pradezoM meM karma-dalikoM kA praveza ho jAnA, sambaddha ho jAnA bandha hai / (6) nirjarA pRthak ho jAnA / 1 - (5) saMvara AstravoM (karmoM ke Agamana) kA rukanA / - - AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha karmadalikoM kA phala dekara For Personal & Private Use Only

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tattvArtha sUtra (7) mokSa- samasta karmoM kA AtmA se sarvathA pRthaka ho jAnA / isa sAta tattvoM kA hI isa graMtha meM vivecana huA hai / ajIva Adi tattvoM ko jAnane kI upayogitA yahAM koI vyakti prazna uThA sakatA hai ki graMthakAra ne to mokSamArga batAne kI pratijJA kI hai, jIva kA lakSya bhI mukti-prApti hai phira vaha pudgala Adi ajIvaM tattva tathA Astrava, baMdha Adi kI carcA meM kyoM samaya barbAda kareM, sIdhI adhyAtma, sAdhanA karake kyoM na mukti prApta kara le / 32 isa prazna kA samAdhAna samyaktva ke amUDhadRSTi aMga se mila jAtA ha / amUDhadRSTi kA abhiprAya hai tyAgane yogya, jAnane yogya aura grahaNa karane yogya (heya, jJeya, upAdeya) kA yathArtha jJAna honA / (jaba vyakti heya, jJeya, upAdeya tattvoM ko jAnegA hI nahIM to grahaNa aura tyAga bhI kaise kara sakegA? usakI viveka dRSTi kaise nirmala hogI ? viveka ke binA vaha dharma kI AtmA kI sAdhanA bhI kaise kara sakegA ? isI dRSTikoNa se ina tattvoM kI upayogitA hai vivecana varNana kA ? Agama vacana - - jattha ya jaM. jANejjA nikkhevaM nikkhiveM niravasesaM / jattha vi a na jANejjA caukkagaM nikkhivaM tattha // AvasyaM cauvihaM paNNattaM taM jahAnAmAvassayaM. ThavaNAvassayaM, davvAvassayaM, bhAvAvassayaM / - anuyogadvAra sUtra, sUtra 8 jisakA jJAna ho use pUrNa rUpa se nikSepa ke rUpa meM rakhe / kintu yadi kisI kA jJAna na ho to usakA bhI nimna cAra prakAra se varNana kare / - 1 - Avazyaka cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM (1) nAmAvazyaka, (2) sthApanAvazyaka, (3) dravyAvazyaka, aura (4) bhAvAzyaka / nikSepoM ke nAma / yahI hetu hai - inake nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvatastannyAsa : / 5 / nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva se ina sAta tattvoM aura samyagdarzanAdi kA nyAsa arthAta lokavyavahAra hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 33 vivecana nyAsa athavA nikSepa vastu-tattva ke kathana tathA hRdayaMgama karane kI eka zailI hai / isase vastu kA svarUpa bhalI bhA~ti samajha meM A jAtA hai / - nyAsa athavA nikSepa kA zAbdika abhiprAya 'rakhanA' athavA upasthita karanA' yA 'varNana karanA' hai / jaina zAstroM meM vastu kA varNana karane ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM / ve hI ye cAroM nyAsa athavA nikSepa haiM / (1) nAma nikSepa guNa Adi kA vicAra kiye binA kisI vastu yA vyakti ko saMbodhita karane athavA vyavahAra calAne ke lie jo saMketa nizcita kara diye jAte haiM, ve nAma nikSepa kahalAte haiM / jaise kisI bAlaka kI cAra bhujAe~ nahIM kintu usakA caturbhuja nAma rakha denA, athavA andhe kA nAma nayanasukha rakha denA / I (2) sthApanA nikSepa isameM vyakti yA vastu kI pratikRti athavA asalI vastu vyakti kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai / isa apekSA se isake do bheda haiM (1) tadAkAra sthApanA (2) atadAkAra sthApanA / Agama vacana. - tadAkAra sthApanA mUrti athavA citra ko kahate haiM aura atadAkAra sthApanA me vyakti apane mana se iSTa kA Aropa kara letA hai / udAharaNArtha, gola patthara ko zAligrAma mAna lenA atadAkAra sthApanA hai aura zrIkRSNa, zrIrAma, gAMdhIjI Adi ke citra athavA mUrtiyAM tadAkAra sthApanA hai / (3) dravya nikSepa isameM bhUta athavA bhaviSya kAla ko ghaTanAoM yA sthitiyoM kI pramukhatA hotI hai| udAharaNArtha, injIniyariMga ke chAtra ko injIniyara kahanA athavA jo vyakti pahale senA meM karnala raha cukA hai use karnala kahanA / - - (4) bhAva nikSepa isameM vartamAna paryAya kI pramukhatA hotI hai; jaise- lakar3I ko lakar3I kahanA, jalakara jaba vaha koyalA bana gaI taba koyalA kahanA, aura koyalA bhI jaba rAkha bana jAye taba rAkha kahanA / yaha cAroM bheda jJeya padArtha kI apekSA se haiM / - - davvANaM sabbhAvA, savvapamANehiM jassa uvaladdhA / savvAhiM nayavihIhiM, vitthArarui tti nAyavva // For Personal & Private Use Only uttarA. 28/24

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34 tattvArtha sUtra ((jisameM ) dravyoM ke saba bhAva saba pramANoM aura saba nayoM se jJAta kara lie haiM, ( usako) vistAra ruci jAnanA cAhie / tattvajJAna ke sAdhana pramANanayairadhigamaH / 6 / pramANa aura nayoM se (tattvAdi kA vistArapUrvaka ) jJAna prApta hotA hai| vivecana prastuta sUtra meM tattvAdi tathA samyagdarzanAdi ko jAnane ke do sAdhana batAye gaye haiM pramANa aura naya | - - pramANa tathA naya kA bheda pramANa dvArA kisI vastu kA sAmAnya samagra kathana kiyA jAtA hai aura nayoM dvArA vizeSa kathana hotA hai| ataH pramANa se vicAra karane ke bAda vastu ke svarUpa ko bhalI-bhAMti samajhane ke lie vibhinna nayoM dvArA bhI vibhinna apekSAoM se vicAra karanA cAhie / gayA haiM - hai, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jo hai, vahI jJAna pramANa hotA hai pramANa kA lakSaNa aura bheda - pramANa ke do mukhya bheda - haiM (1) pratyakSa aura ( 2 ) parokSa / yadyapi pramANa ke cAra bheda bhI prarUpita haiM - (1) pratyakSa (2) parokSa, (3) anumAna aura (4) Agama / kintu ina cAroM kA samAveza uparokta do bhedoM meM ho jAtA hai / vastu ke |mithyaa samyagjJAna ko pramANa kahA jAtA satya svarUpa kA varNana kara sakatA jJAna pramANa nahIM hotA / - jo jJAna sIdhA AtmA se hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa pramANa hai aura jisameM mana, indriyoM Adi kI sahAyatA apekSita hotI hai, vaha parokSa pramANa hai / naya kA lakSaNa aura bheda pramANa dvArA kahe hue sAmAnya svarUpa kA naya vizeSa kathana karatA hai / jaise 'manuSya hai' yaha sAmAnya kathana pramANa hai / isake do hAtha haiM, do pAMva, do AMkha, nAka Adi eka-eka aMga-upAMga kI apekSA vizeSa - vizeSa kathana nayoM kA viSaya haiM / yadyapi naigama Adi nayoM ke aneka bheda ho sakate haiM; jaisA ki kahA - - jAvaiyA vayaNapahA, tAvaiyA ceva hoMti NayavAyA For Personal & Private Use Only - sanmati tarka 3/47

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 35 vacana ke jitane prakAra haiM, utane hI prakAra nayoM ke bhI haiM / kintu pramukha naya do haiM (2) dravyArthika aura (2) paryAyArthika / dravyArthika naya dravya ko pramukha aura paryAya ko gauNa karake kathana karatA hai tathA paryAyArthika naya ke kathana meM paryAya kI pramukhatA tathA dravya kI gauNatA hotI haiM, yaha ina donoM meM antara haiM / isake atirikta AdhyAtmika granthoM meM zuddhanizcayanaya, azuddhanizcaya naya, sadbhUtanaya, asadbhUtanaya, upacaritanaya, anupacaritanaya Adi aura bhI kaI bheda batAye gaye haiM / zuddha nizcayanaya, vastu ko akhaNDa rUpa meM dekhatA hai; jaise AtmA haiM; aura azuddhanaya isameM bheda vivakSA karatA haiM; jaise AtmA meM jJAna guNa hai, darzana guNa hai, vIrya guNa hai, cAritra guNa hai Adi-Adi / -- isI prakAra dravyakarmoM tathA nokarmoM kA sambandha AtmA ke sAtha anupacarita-asadbhUtanaya kI apekSA hai; kyoMki sambandha Aropita nahIM hai, isalie anupacarita hai kintu azAzvata hai, vinAzazIla hai, karma ba~dhate aura chUTate rahate haiM, baMdha aura nirjarA donoM hI haiM, isalie asadbhUta bhI hai| kintu yaha adhyAtmapradhAna naya, isa grantha meM vizeSa vivakSita na hone se inakA vistRta varNana yahA~ apekSita nahIM haiM / yahA~ to tatva kA jJAna prApta karane kI apekSA se nayoM kA varNana abhISTa hai / naigama Adi nayoM kA vistRta varNana isI adhyAya ke 34-35 veM sUtra meM kiyA gayA haiM / Agama vacana - nichese purise kAraNa kahiM kesu kAlaM kaivihaM / anuyogadvAra sUtra 151 nirdeza, puruSa, kAraNa, (kahA~ kisa sthAna meM), kina meM, kAla, kitanI prakAra kA hai / tattvoM ke sAMgopAMga jJAna ke upAya nirdeza - svAmitvasAdhanAdhikaraNa- sthiti - vidhAnataH / 7 I (1) nideza (2) svAmitva (3) sAdhana ( 4 ) adhikaraNa (5) sthiti (6) vidhAna inake dvArA tattvoM kA vistRta sAMgopAMga jJAna hotA hai / ) prastuta sUtra meM jIvAdi tattvoM ke vistRta jJAna hetu vivecana - - - For Personal & Private Use Only

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36 tattvArtha sUtra vicAraNA ke upAya batAye gaye haiM / (1) nirdeza - vastu ke nAma mAtra arthAt nAma kA kathana karanA; udAharaNArtha - yaha ajIva hai, yaha jIva hai Adi / (2) svAmitva- arthAt vastu kA adhikArI / udAharaNArtha - samyagdarzana kI utpati kisa jIva ko ho sakatI haiM, samyagdarzana kA adhikArI jIva hI bana sakatA hai, ajIva nahIM / (3) sAdhana - vastu (yathA-samyagdarzana) kI utpatti kA kAraNa / ' (4) adhikaraNa - amuka vastu (yathA-samyaktva) kA AdhAra / (5) sthiti - vastu (udAharaNArtha samyaktva) kI kAla maryAdA; jaise-samyaktva itane samaya taka Thahara sakatA hai / . (6) vidhAna - vastu ke bheda athavA prakAra; jaise-samyagdarzana kitane prakAra kA hotA hai ? ina chahoM upAyoM ko samyagdarzana ke sandarbha meM isa prakAra ghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai - tattva athavA AtmA ke prati ruci samyagdarzana kA svarUpa hai, yahI nirdeza zabda se kahA gayA hai / jIva hI samyagdarzana kA adhikArI athavA svAmI bana sakatA hai, yaha svAmitva hai / | sAdhana ke do bheda haiM, antaraMga aura bAhya / samyagdarzana ke antaraMga kAraNa haiM, darzanamohanIya karma kI mithyAtva Adi tIna tathA cAritra-mohanIya karma kI anantAnubandhI krodha-mAna-mAyAlobha-ye cAra; kula ina sAta prakRtiyoM kA kSaya, upazama athavA kssyopshm| bAhya sAdhana zAstra par3hanA, guru-upadeza sunanA, jAtismaraNajJAna Adi haiM ___ samyagdarzana jIva kA bhAva athavA pariNAma hone ke kAraNa jIva meM hI rahatA haiM, ataH jIva hI isakA adhikaraNa haiM / samyagdarzana kI kAla-maryAdA sthiti zabda se dyotita kI gaI haiM, jaiseaupazamika samyagdarzana kA kAla eka muhUrta mAtra hai aura kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana kA utkRSTa kAla 66 sAgaropama hai / isI prakAra aupazamika samyagdarzana sAnta haiM, kyoMki vaha hokara bhI sthira nahIM rahatA aura kSAyika samyagdarzana ananta haiM, kyoMki vaha eka bAra hone para chUTatA nahIM,(jIva ke sAtha siddhAvasthA meM bhI rahatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 37 samyagdarzana ke bhedoM, yathA-nisargaja, adhigamaja, nizcaya, vyavahAra, dravya, bhAva, paudgalika, apaudgalika, kSAyika Adi ko vidhAna athavA prakAra (Kinds) zabda se kahA gayA hai / Adhunika yuga meM bhI kisI viSaya, vastu athavA samasyA para vicAra karane ke lie yahI 6 sAdhana athavA upAya apanAye jAte haiM / pazcimI deza ke vaijJAnikoM ne apanA 6 zabdoM kA sUtra diyA hai / Who (kauna), Where (kahA~), How (kaise), What (kyA), When (kaba) aura Why (kyoM) ? yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to vistRta evaM sarvAMgINa jJAna ke lie grantha meM diye gaye nirdeza Adi upAya zAzvata siddhAnta haiM aura AdhyAtmika tathA laukika sabhI kSetroM meM inakI upayogitA nirvivAda hai / Agama vacana - aNugame navavihe paNNatte, taM jahA - - saMtapayaparU vaNayA (1), davva pamANe ca (2), khitta (3), phusaNA ya (4), kAlo ya (5), aMtara (6), bhAga (7) bhAva, (8) appAbahu~ (9) ceva // - anuyoga dvAra sUtra 80 (anugama (jJAna hone kA prakAra athavA sAdhana) nau prakAra kA kahA gayA hai - (1) satpadaprarUpaNA, (2) dravyapramANa, (3) kSetra, (4) sparzana, (5) kAla, (6) antara, (7) bhAga, (8) bhAva aura, (9) alpabahutva / jJAna ke anuyoga athavA vicAraNA dvAra - satsaMkhyAkSetrasparzanakAlAntarabhAvAlpabahutvaizca / 8 / (1) sat, (2) saMkhyA, (3) kSetra, (4) sparzana, (5) kAla, (6) antara, (7) bhAva aura (8) alpabahutva- (ina anuyogadvAroM se bhI tattvAdi kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM tattva Adi ke vistRta aura talasparzI jJAna ke sAdhanabhUta upAyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / Agama (anuyogadvAra) meM isake lie 'anugama' zabda diyA gayA hai / usakA Azaya bhI jJAnaprApti ke upAya athavA prakAroM se haiM / vahAM 'bhAga' For Personal & Private Use Only

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38 tattvArtha sUtra zabda adhika hai arthAt 9 prakAra batAye gaye haiM, jabaki prastuta sUtra meM 8 hI diye haiM / sUtrakAra ne saMkSepa meM varNana karane ke dRSTikoNa se 'dravyapramANa' ke sAtha 'saMkhyA' meM Agamagata 'bhAga' kA antarbhAva kara liyA hai / vastutaH anuyogadvAra kA abhiprAya hai praznaathavA jijJAsA ke mAdhyama se yA uttara rUpa meM vyAkhyA athavA vivaraNa / vastu ko bhalI bhAMti samajhane ke lie prazna ubuddha honA Avazyaka hai aura phira usa prazna ke samAdhAna ke lie anuyoga athavA vyAkhyA bhI jarUrI hai / isIlie 'sat saMkhyA' Adi ko anuyogadvAra bhI kahA gayA hai kyoMki ye vastu meM praveza ke arthAt usake vizeSajJAna ke dvAra ughAr3ane ke lie kuMjIsvarUpa haiM, inake mAdhyama se talasparzI jJAna hotA hai / . sUtrokta ina AThoM upAyoM kA yadyapi pratyeka vastu ke gahana jJAna prApti ke lie upayoga kiyA jAtA hai kintu isa grantha meM mokSa-mArga kI prathama sIr3hI ke rUpa meM samyagdarzana kI pramukhatA hai, ataH samyagdarzana ke sandarbha meM inakA saMkSipta paricaya jAnanA upayukta aura upAdeya haiM / - (1) sata kA abhiprAya sattA athavA astitva yA avasthiti hai / yadyapi samyagdarzana kI sattA (sat) to guNa rUpa se, pratyeka jIva meM vidyamAna hai, kintu usakI vyakti yA abhivyakti bhavya jIva meM hI ho sakatI hai, yahI yahA~ sat kA abhiprAya haiM / . (2) saMkhyA (gaNanA athavA ginatI) kI apekSA vicAra karanepara bhUtakAla meM ananta jIvoM ne samyaktva prApta kiyA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI ananta jIva prApta kareMge ataH samyagdarzana saMkhyA kI apekSA ananta hai / (3) kSetra kI apekSA vicAra karane para samyagdarzana kA kSetra loka kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hI haiM / (4) sparzana - samyagdarzana kA sparzana-kSetra loka kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hai; kintu yaha kSetra kI apekSA bar3A hotA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'kSetra' meM to Adheya kA kevala AdhArabhUta AkAza hI parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai jabaki 'sparzana' meM jitane AkAza kA Adheya (yahA~ samyagdarzana) sparza karatA haiM, usa sabako sammilita kara liyA jAtA hai / (5) kAla - kAla kI apekSA samyagdarzana anAdi ananta hai / bhUtakAla meM aisA koI samaya nahIM thA jaba samyagdarzana kA astitva na rahA ho| isI taraha bhaviSya meM bhI samyagdarzana rahegA aura vartamAna meM to hai ho| For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 39 (6) antara - eka jIva kI apekSA samyagdarzana kA virahakAla kama se kama eka antarmuhUrta (48 minaTa se kama samaya) aura adhika se adhika apArddhapudgala parAvartana jitanA samaya hai tathA aneka jIvoM kI apekSA vicAra kiyA jAya to virahakAla bilkula bhI nahIM hotA hai / viraha kAla kA abhiprAya hai samyaktva kA abhAva; jaba yA jisa kAla meM jIva ko samyaktva na ho / (7) bhAva -(bhAva kA abhiprAya hai jIva ke pariNAma | yaha pramukha rUpa se tIna hai (1) kSAyika, (2) kSAyopazamika, (3) aupazamika / samyaktva bhI inhIM tIna rUpoM meM pAyA jAtA hai tathA ina tIna bhAvoM se hI samyaktva kI zuddhatA kA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai / ataH bhAva yahAM samyagdarzana-zuddhi kI taratamatA dyotita karatA hai / (8) alpabahutva - kA artha hai nyUnAdhikatA, kama aura adhika honaa| isa apekSA se aupazamika samyagdarzana sabase kama, kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana isase asaMkhyAtaguNA aura kSAyika samyagdarzana anantaguNA hotA hai| yaha vicAra samyaktvadhArI jIvoM kI apekSA se hai / kSAyika samyagdarzana anantaguNA hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha jIva ke sAtha siddha avasthA meM bhI rahatA hai aura siddha jIva ananta hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kSAyika samyagdarzana zAzvata haiM, eka bAra hone ke bAda sadA rahatA sUtra 7 aura 8 kA hArda jIva kI anveSaNA hai, arthAt jIva ko kahA~kahA~ aura kisa-kisa prakAra khojA jA sakatA hai / isake lie anuyogadvAra Adi AgamoM meM kaI upAya batAyeM haiM aura unhI kA anusaraNa karate hue tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bhI ina donoM sUtroM meM 14 upAya batAye haiM - ___ (1) nirdeza, (2) svAmitva, (3) sAdhana, (4) adhikaraNa, (5) sthiti, (6) vidhAna, (7) sat, (8) saMkhyA, (9) kSetra, (10) sparzana, (11), kAla, (12) antara, (13) bhAva, (14) alpabahutva / sarvArthasiddhikAra AcArya pUjyapAda ne ina do sUtroM kI TIkA karate hue mArgaNAsthAna aura guNasthAnoM kI apekSA se bhI vicAra kiyA hai / mArgaNAsthAna haiM bhI jIvAdi padArthoM kI anveSaNA athavA khoja ke lie hI / jaisA ki pravacanasAroddhAra (dvAra 224) meM kahA gayA hai - jIvAdInAM padArthAnAmanveSaNaM mArgaNA / ataH mArgaNA dvArA vicAra karanA yahAM prAsaMgika hogA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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40 tattvArtha sUtra mArgaNAoM ke mUlabheda 14 haiM tathA uttarabheda 62 haiM -) 1. gati cAra - (1) narakagati (2) tiryacagati (3) manuSyagati (4) devagati / 2. indriya pA~ca - (1) sparzana (2) rasanA (3) ghrANa (4) cakSu (5) zrotra / . 3. kAya chaha - (1) pRthvIkAya (2) apkAya (3) agnikAya (4) vAyukAya, (5) vanaspatikAya, (6) trasakAya' / 4. yoga tIna - (1) manoyoga (2) vacanayoga (3) kAyayoga / 5. veda tIna - (1) strIveda (2) puruSaveda (3) napuMsakaveda / 6. kaSAya cAra - (1) krodha (2) mAna (3) mAyA 4) lobha . 7. jJAna ATha - (1) mati (2) zruta (3) avadhi (4) manaHparyava (5) kevalajJAna (6) matiajJAna (7) zruta ajJAna (8) kuavadhijJAna (vibhaMgajJAna) / 8. saMyama sAta - (1) sAmAyika cAritra (3) chedopasthApanIya cAritra (3) parihAravizuddhi cAritra (4) sUkSmasaMparAya cAritra (5) yathA-khyAta cAritra (6) dezasaMyama (7) avirata saMyama / 9. darzana cAra - (1) cakSudarzana (2) acakSudarzana (3) avadhidarzana (4) kevaladarzana / 10. lezyA chaha - (1) kRSNa (2) nIla (3) kApota (4) tejo (5) padma (6) zukla / 11. bhavya do - (1) bhavya aura (2) abhavya / 12. samyaktva chaha (1) kSAyika (2) kSAyopazamika (3) aupazamika (4) mizra (5) sAsvAdana (6) mithyAtva / 13. saMjJI do - (1) saMjJI (2) asaMjJI / 14. AhAraka do - (1) AhAraka (2) anaahaark| ina caudaha (uttarabheda 62) mArgANAsthAnoM meM jIva kI avasthiti pAI jAtI hai / __ mArgANAsthAnoM ke samAna guNasthAna bhI caudaha haiM / inakA saMkSipta svarUpa isa prakAra hai - . (1) mithyAtva guNasthAna - viparIta zraddhA evaM vizvAsa / sarvajJakathita For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 41 tattvoM para aisA jIva zraddhA nahIM karatA / jisa prakAra pita jvara vAle manuSya ko mIThA rasa acchA mAlUma nahIM hotA, usI prakAra use yathArtha dharma ruci kara pratIta nahIM hotA / (2) sAsvAdana samyaktva - aupazamika samyaktvI jIva jaba anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA udaya hone se samyaktva se patita hotA hai, usa samaya sAsvAdana samyaktva hotA hai / jisa prakAra koI vyakti khIra khAkara vamana kare to usake muMha meM khIra kA svAda AtA hai| isI prakAra isa guNasthAna meM bhI jIva ko samyaktva kA svAda rahatA hai) isa apekSA se isa guNasthAna ko sAsvAdana samyagdRSTi guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai / isa guNasthAna kA kAla 6 AvalikA aura 7 samaya mAtra hai, isake bAda vRkSa se gire hue phala ke samAna nizcita rUpa se mithyAtva guNasthAna meM pahuMca jAtA hai / (3) mizra guNasthAna - isakA pUrA nAma samyakamithyAdRSTi guNasthAna haiM / isameM jIva ko samyaktva aura mithyAtva kA milA-julA svAda AtA hai / usakI zraddhA meM zuddhatA aura azuddhatA kA mizraNa hotA hai, arthAt usake pariNAma mizra hote hai / . (4) aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM jIva kI zraddhA zuddha hotI hai, vaha sarvajJakathita tattvoM para vizvAsa karatA hai, sacce deva-gurU-dharma kI ArAdhanA karatA hai / (5) dezavarita guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna vAlA AtmA zrAvakavratoM kA pAlana karatA hai / usakI virati AMzika hotI hai / . (6) pramattasaMyata guNasthAna - yaha guNasthAna sirpha manuSyoM ko hI hotA hai tathA isake Age ke guNasthAna bhI manuSyoM ko hI hote haiM / isa guNasthAna kA dhAraka manuSya pUrNa rUpa se pApa kriyAoM ko tyAga detA hai, pA~coM pApoM, pA~co indriyoM ke viSayoM se virata ho jAtA hai / vaha sakala saMyamI zramaNa, sAdhu muni bana jAtA hai / (7) apramattasaMyata guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM jJAna Adi guNoM kI aura vizuddhi ho jAtI hai, vikathA Adi pramAda nahIM rahate / sAdhujI jJAnadhyAna-tapa. meM lIna rahate haiM / (8) nivRttibAdara guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAravaraNa aura pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa ina cauka rUpI bAdara kaSAya kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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4.2 tattvArtha sUtra nivRtti zurU ho jAtI hai / yahIM se zreNI - ArohaNa hotA hai / I yaha guNasthAna zreNI kI AdhAra zilA hai / zreNI do haiM - ( 1 ) kSapaka zreNI aura (2) upazama zreNI (9) anivRttibAdara guNasthAna isa guNasthAna meM sthUla kaSAyoM kI nivRtti kI mAtrA bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai / - (10) sUkSmasaMparAya guNasthAna isa guNasthAna meM saMjvalana lobha kA sUkSma udaya hI rahatA hai / jisa prakAra dhule hue kapar3e meM lAla raMga ke dAga kI bahuta hI halkI sI lAlimA zeSa raha jAtI haiM, isI prakAra isa guNasthAna meM bhI sUkSma lobha hI zeSa raha jAtA hai / - isa (11) upazAnta kaSAya vItarAga chadmastha guNasthAna guNasthAna meM kaSAya pUrI taraha upazAnta ho jAte haiM / yadyapi ve sattA meM rahate haiM kintu udaya meM nahIM Ate / isa guNasthAna se jIva Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA / usakA nizacita rUpa se patana hotA hai / patana do prakAra se hotA hai (1) AyukSaya se aura (2) guNasthAna kA kAla ( antarmuhUrta) pUrA hone se / yadi AyukSaya se patana hotA hai to vaha jIva anuttara vimAna meM deva banatA hai / guNasthAna kA samaya pUrA hone para upazAMta mohanIyakarma udaya meM A jAtA hai / kaSAyodaya ke kAraNa jIva patita hokara nIce ke guNasthAnoM meM pahuMca jAtA hai / I (12) kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha guNasthAna meM mohanIya karma kA sampUrNa rUpa se kSaya ho jAtA hai / - (13) sayogikevalI guNasthAna cAMro ghAtI karmoM (mohanIya, jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, antarAya) ke sampUrNa kSaya se isa guNasthAna kI prApti hotI hai, vaha jIva sarvajJa, jina bana jAtA hai / kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, y anantasukha aura anantavIrya pragaTa ho jAte haiM / vaha jIvanmukta paramAtmA hotA haiN| tInoM loka aura tInoM kAla usake hastAmalakavat hote haiM / vaha lokAlokadarzI aura jJAnI hotA hai / - - - (14) ayogikeyalI guNasthAna isa guNasthAna meM kevalI bhagavAna yogoM kA nirodha karake zailezI avasthA prApta karate haiM aura mukta ho jAte For Personal & Private Use Only isa guNasthAna

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 43, haiM / ve siddhazilA meM avisthata hokara zAzvata Atmika Ananda meM nimagna ho jAte haiM / guNasthAnoM sambandhI vizeSa' bAteM - ukta caudaha guNasthAnoM meM se 1,4,5,6,13 -yaha pAMca guNasthAna zAzvata haiM; arthAt loka meM sadA rahata ha / - parabhava meM jAte samaya jIva ke 1,2,4- ye tIna guNasthAna hote haiM / 3,12,13 - ina tIna guNasthAnoM meM maraNa nahIM hotA / 3,8,9,10,11,12,13,14- ina guNasthAnoM meM Ayu kA bandha nahIM hotA / 1,2,3,5,11 - yaha pA~ca guNasthAna tIrthaMkara nahIM pharasate / 4,5,6,7,8- ina pA~ca guNasthAna meM hI tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha hotA 12,13,14- yaha tIna guNasthAna apratipAtI hai, yAnI ina guNasthAMnoM se jIva kA patana nahIM hotA / / 1,4,7,8,9,10,12,13,14- ina nau guNasthAnoM ko mokSa jAne se pahale jIva eka yA aneka bhavoM meM avazya pharasatA hai / ina caudaha guNasthAnoM ke mAdhyama se jIva kI Antarika vizuddhi kI khoja kI jAtI hai / mArgaNAsthAnoM aura guNasthAno meM antara haiM / guNasthAnato jIva ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avasthA haiM, yA vizuddhi ke sopAna haiM |atH eka samaya meM eka jIva kisI eka hI guNasthAna meM raha sakatA hai / kintu mArgaNAsthAna jIva kI kevala avasthiti ko hI dyotita karate haiM / ataH eka jIva eka samaya meM kaI mArgaNAsthAnoM meM raha sakatA hai / guNasthAna eka jIva ko eka samaya meM eka hI ho sakatA hai; jabaki mArgaNAsthAna dasa bhI ho sakate haiM / Agama vacana - nANapaMcavihaM (1) AbhiNibohiyanANaM (2) suyanANaM (3) ohinANaM (4) 1 pravacanasArodvAra 2254, gA. 1302; pravacana dvAra 89-90 gA. 694-708 tathA caudaha guNAsthAna kA thokar3A / For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 satyArtha sUtra SISE maNapajjavaNANaM (5) ke valanANaM / -nandI sUtra 1; anuyogadvAra sUtra 1; bhagavatIsUtra, za. 8, u. 2, sUtra 318; sthAnAMga sthAna 5, u. 3, sUtra 463 - jJAna pA~ca prakAra kA hai - (1) AbhinibodhikajJAna (matijJAna) (2) zrutajJAna (3) avadhijJAna (4) manaHparyavajJAna (5) kevalajJAna). samyagjJAna ke mUla prakAra (bheda) mati-zrutAvadhi-manaHparyaya-ke valAni jJAnam / 9 / . mUla bhedoM kI apekSA samyagjJAna pA~ca prakAra kA hai - (1) matijJAna, (2) zrutajJAna, (3) avadhijJAna, (4) manaHparyayajJAna, (5) kevalajJAna / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM samyagjJAna ke pA~ca mUla bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / Agama meM AyA huA 'Abhinibodhika' zabda aura matijJAna ekArthavAcI haiM, inameM koI antara nahIM hai / , __matijJAna - mana evaM indriyoM kI sahAyatA se hotA hai / isame pA~co indriyoM meM se koI bhI eka indriya bhI nimitta ho sakatI hai / bhAva yaha hai ki matijJAna ekendriya, beindriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya sabhI jIvoM ko hotA hai / matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna hotA hai / yAni matajJiAna dvArA jAne hue padArthoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnanA athavA usa jJAna se anya padArthoM ko jAnanA zrutajJAna kA kArya hai / dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA tathA maryAdA lie hue rUpI/sparza, gandha, rasa, varNa vAle ) padArthoM kA pratyakSa jJAna jisake dvArA jIva ko prApta hotA hai, vaha avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / anya ke mana meM avasthita athavA hRdayagata bhAvoM ko jisake dvArA jIva pratyakSa jAnatA hai, vaha manaHparyavajJAna kahA gayA hai / kevalajJAna - samasta lokAloka aura tInoM kAla (bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna) ke sabhI padArthoM ko hastAmUlakavat pratyakSa jAnatA hai / yaha pA~co hI jJAna samyak hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Agama vacana - duvihe nANe paNNatte paccakkhe ceva parokkhe ceva / paccakkhe nANe duvihe paNNatte kevalaNANe ceva, NokevalaNANe ceva No kevalaNANe duvihe paNNatteohiNANe ceva, maNapajjavaNANe ceva / parokkhaNANe duvihe paNNatte AbhiNibohiya NANe ( jJAna do prakAra kA hai pratyakSa jJAna do prakAra kA hai jJAnoM kA pramANatva - tat pramANe / 10 / Adye parokSam / 11 / - adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 45 - ceva suyaNANe ceva / - (1) kevalajJAna aura (2) nokevalajJAna) nokevalajJAna do prakAra kA hai - - sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 71 (1.) pratyakSa aura ( 2 ) parokSa / (1) avadhijJAna aura (2) manaHparyavajJAna / parokSajJAna do prakAra kA hai| (1) AbhinibodhikajJAna aura (2) zrutajJAna / ) - pratyakSamanyat / 12 / vaha pA~co jJAna pramANa haiM / ( tathA vaha pramANa do prakAra kA hai / ) Adi ke do jJAna (mati aura zruta) parokSa hai / anya (mati aura zruta se atirikta - arthAt - avadhi, manaH paryava aura kevalajJAna) pratyakSa (pramANa) hai / vivecana prastuta tInoM sUtroM meM jJAna ke pramANatva kI carcA kI gaI hai / batAyA gayA hai ki ve pA~co hI jJAna pramANa haiM / sAtha hI sUtra meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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46 tattvArtha sUtra "pramANa' zabda ko dvivacana meM rakhakara yaha dhotita kiyA gayA hai ki vaha pramANa do prakAra kA hai - (1) parokSa aura (2) pratyakSa) / pramANa kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai. - pramiNoti, pramIyate'nena pramitimAtraM vA pramANaM- arthAt jisake dvArA acchI taraha mAna kiyA jAya vaha pramANa hai / pramANa dvArA vastu athavA padArtha kA bhalI bhAMti jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai / 'akSa' zabda kA eka artha AtmA hotA hai / mati, zruta, avadhi Adi jJAnoM ke hone kA AdhAra to AtmA aura usa usa karma kA kSayopazama hai hI kintu jisa jJAna ke hone meM indriya-mana Adi bAhya sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, unheM parokSa (paraH+akSa=AtmA ke sivAya para hI sahAyatA se prApta) jJAna kahA gayA hai / aise jJAna mati aura zrutajJAna do haiM / jo jJAna indriya Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA hI sIdhe AtmA se (prati+akSa) hote haiM ve pratyakSa kahalAte haiM / avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevala jJAna pratyakSa jJAna haiM, kyoMki ye para-nirapekSa haiM / jJAyaka zakti kI vyApti kI apekSA avadhijJAna aura manaHparyava jJAna dezapratyakSa haiM / deza kA abhiprAya aMza haiM, arthAt ye jJAna vastu ko eka sImAmaryAdA ke andara hI jAnate haiM / kintu kevalajJAna sarva pratyakSa haiM / vaha sampUrNa padArthoM ko aura unake saMpUrNa bhAvoM ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai / naMdIsUtra (sUtra 3,4,5) meM loka vyavahAra aura paramArtha kI apekSA pratyakSa ke do bheda batAye gaye haiM - (1) indriya-pratyakSa aura (2) noindriya pratyakSa / indriya-pratyakSa meM indriyoM dvArA prApta hone vAlA jJAna to hai hI mana dvArA hone vAlA jJAnabhI isI meM garbhita haiM / noindriya pratyakSa meM 'no' niSedha kA sUcaka hai / isakA abhiprAya hai jisameM indriyoM kI sahAyatA apekSita na ho / _indriya-pratyakSa se abhiprAya mati; zruta jJAna se hai aura noindriya pratyakSa avadhi, manaHparyava, kevalajJAna ke liye prayukta huA hai / loka vyavahAra kI dRSTi se indriyapratyakSa ko 'sAMvyAhArika pratyakSa' bhI kahA gayA hai; kyoMki sAmAnyajana apanI indriyoM se pratyakSaprApta jJAna ko parokSa athavA apramANa svIkAra karane meM hicakicAtA hai / AMkhoM se dIkhane vAlI vastu, kAnoM se sunane vAlI vArtA Adi ko vaha pratyakSa hI samajhatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 47 avadhi, manaHparyava, kevalajJAna jinheM indriyoM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM hotI, ve pAramArthika pratyakSa kahe gaye haiM / yaha donoM bheda vyavahAra kI dRSTi se haiM, kintu vAstava meM to pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa do hI bheda haiM / Agama vAcana - IhA-apoha-vImaMsA-maggaNA ya gavesaNA / sannA saI maI pannA savvaM AbhiNibohi // - nandIsUtra matijJAna prakaraNa gAthA 80 (IhA, apoha, vimarza, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, saMjJA, smRti, mati aura prajJAyaha saba Abhinibodhika jJAna hI hai / ) matijJAna ke anya nAma - matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram / 13 / mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA abhinibodha - yaha sabhI matijJAna ke anya nAma haiM, inake artha (abhiprAya) meM koI antara nahIM hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM matijJAna ke anya nAmo kA sUcana karake kahA gayA hai ki inake artha meM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai / yahAM 'arthAntara' zabda mahattvapUrNa haiM / kyoMki vyutpatti, nirukta, dhAtu Adi tathA zabda Adi nayoM kI apekSA pratyeka zabda meM nihita vAcyArtha meM kucha na kucha bheda to hotA hI hai, isI apekSA se paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke arthoM meM bhI antara hotA hai| kintu yahAM 'arthAntara' zabda dvArA ina sabhI arthabhedoM kA nirasana karake, ekArthatA kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai / phira bhI zabdoM ke vAcyArtha kI dRSTi se inakA artha isa prakAra hai - (1) mati - mana aura indriyoM se vartamAna kAlavartI padArtho ko jAnanA / (2) smRti - anubhava meM Aye hue padArthoM kA kAlAntara meM punaH jJAna paTala (smRti paTala ) para AnA / (3) saMjJA - vartamAna meM kisI padArtha ko dekha athavA jAnakara 'yaha vahI hai jo pahale dekhA-jAnA thA' isa prakAra jor3a rUpa jJAna honA / isako 'pratyabhijJA' athavA 'pratyabhijJAna' (pahacAna) bhI kahA jAtA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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48 tattvArtha sUtra (4) cintA - kisI cinha ko dekhakara 'vahAM isa cinha vAlA bhI hogA' isa prakAra kA cintana; jaise-dhuMe ko dekhakara agni kA anumAna karanA / ise UhA athavA tarka bhI kahA jAtA hai / (5) abhinibodha - sammukha cinha Adi dekhakara usa cinha vAle kA nizcaya kara lenA / isa svArthAnumAna bhI kahA jAtA hai / . - inake atirikta pratibhA (Genius), upalabdhi Adi sabhI mati jJAna hI haiM / buddhi ko gaNanA to matijJAna ke 340 bhedoM meM kI hI gaI hai / Agama vacana - paccakkhaM duvihaM paNNattaM -indiyapaJcakkhaM noindiyapacakkhaMca / -anuyoga dvAra, 144 (pratyakSa do prakAra kA hai - (1) indripratyakSa aura (2) anindriyapratyakSa matijJAna utpatti ke kAraNa - tadindriyAnindriyanimittam / 14 / vaha (matijJAna) indriya aura anindriya (mana) ke nimitta se hotA hai vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM matijJAna utpanna hone ke nimitta athavA kAraNa batAye gaye haiM / ye kAraNa haiM -indriya aura mana / kintu yaha bAhya kAraNa haiM / matajJiAna kA antaraMga kAraNa haiM - matijJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra-yaha pAMca indriyAM haiM, tathA chaThA hai mana jise anindriya (noindriya) zabda se vyakta kiyA gayA hai / eka apekSA se 'mana' ko bhI matijJAna kA antaraMga kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai / yaha bheda dRzya-adRzya kI apekSA se kiyA jA sakatA hai / kyoMki indriyAM to dikhAI detI hI haiM kintu mana to dRSTi se ojhala rahatA hai / isI apekSA se mana ko Antarika karaNa aura indriyoM ko bAhya karaNa mAnA gayA Agama vacana - suyanissiyaM cauvvihaM paNNattaM - uggahe, IhA, avAe, dhAraNA / -nandI sUtra, sUtra 27 For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 49 (zruta nizrita (matijJAna) cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai - (1) avagraha (2) IhA (3) avAya aura (4) dhAraNA / matijJAna ke bheda - avagRhehAvAyadhAraNAH / 15 / (1) avagraha (2) IhA) (3) avAya aura (4) dhAraNA - yaha matijJAna ke bheda hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM matijJAna ke avagraha Adi cAra pramukha bheda batAye gaye hai / (1) avagraha - kisI padArtha kI sAmAnya sattA ko dekhane, arthAt sAmAnya rUpa se kisI vastu ko dekhane, usake AkAra kA avabodha hone ke bAda 'yaha kAlI hai yA zveta' aisI jijJAsA kA grahaNa - avagraha hai / (2) IhA - 'yadi vaha vastu sapheda hai to zveta dhvajA honI cAhie' aisI jijJAsA IhA matijJAna hai / (3) avAya - vizeSa cinhoM se usa vastu kA nizcaya ho jAnA; jaise 'yaha dhvajA hI hai' avAya matijJAna hai / (4) dhAraNA - avagraha, IhA, avAya dvArA prApta jJAna smRti meM saMjokara rakha lenA, vismRta na hone denA, dhAraNA matijJAna hai / yaha cAroM bheda kriyA athavA matijJAna kI prApti kI apekSA se haiM / Agama vacana - - cauvvihA uggahamatI paNNatA. khippAmogiNhati, bahumogiNhati, buhavidhamogiNhati dhuvamogiNhati aNissiyamogiNhai asaMdiddhamogiNhai / chavihA IhAmatI paNNatA..... evaM ...... chavihA avAyamati paNNattA evaM chavihAM dhAraNA paNNatA . bahuM dhAreI bahuvihaM dhArei porANaM dhAreti duddharaM dhAreti aNissitaM dhAreti asaMdiddhaM dhAreti / -sthAnAMga, sthAna 6, sUtra 510 For Personal & Private Use Only

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50 tattvArtha sUtra ( avagraha matijJAna chaha prakAra kA hotA hai - (1) kSipra (2) bahu (3) bahuvidha, (4) dhruva (5) anizrita aura (6) asaMdigdha / isI prakAra IhA matijJAna tathA isI prakAra avAya matajJAna bhI chaha prakAra kA hotA hai / dhAraNA matijJAna bhI chaha prakAra kA hotA hai - (1) bahudhAraNA, (2) bahuvidha dhAraNA (3) purANa (purAnA) dhAraNA (4) durdhara dhAraNA (5) anizrita dhAraNA aura (6) asaMdigdha dhAraNA matajJAna | :) jaM bahu bahuviha khippA aNissiya nicchiya dhuveyara vibhinnA, puNaroggahAdao to taM chattIsattisaya bhedaM / - iyi bhAsayAreNa __ (bahu, bahuvidha, kSipra, anizrita, nizrita aura dhruva inake chaha ulaTe bheda bhI hote haiM / ina sabako jor3ane se matijJAna ke 336 bheda hote haiM aisA bhASyakAra kA kathana haiM / ) avagraha Adi ke upabheda - bahu-bahuvidha-kSiprAnizritAsaMdigdhadhu vANAM setarANAm / 16 / (1) bahu, (2) bahuvidha, (3) kSipra, (4) anizrita, (5) asaMdigdha, aura (6) dhruva - ina chaha prakAra ke padArthoM kA tathA (setarANAm-prati-pakSa sahita (1), alpa, (2) ekavidha, (3) akSipra, (4) nizrita, (5) asaMgiddha aura (6) adhruva ina chaha ko milAkara-12 prakAra ke padArthoM kA avagraha, IhA Adi rUpa grahaNa athavA jJAna (matijJAna) hotA hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM avagraha Adi ke upabhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / / (1) bahu - zaMkha, bAMsurI Adi aneka prakAra ke zabdoM ko grahaNa karanA (2) alpa - yaha 'bahU' kA viparIta hai / ise 'eka' bhI kahA jAtA hai / isakA abhiprAya zaMkha, bAMsurI Adi aneka zabdoM meM se eka zabda ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA athavA yogyatA hai| (3) bahuvidha - aneka zabdoM ke mAdhurya Adi ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA / (4) alpavidha - thor3e yA eka prakAra ke zabda kI kaThoratA, karkazatA, mAdhurya Adi ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 51 (5) kSipra - kSayopazama kI nirmalatA se zabda Adi kA zIghra grahaNa (6) akSipra - zabda Adi ko vilamba athavA derI se grahaNa karanA (7) anizrita - vastu ko binA cinhoM ke hI jAnane kI kSamatA (8) nizrita - kisI padArtha ko usake cinhoM se jAnanA / (9) asaMdigdha - padArtha kA saMzaya rahita jJAna / (10) saMdigdha - vastu ko jAnane meM saMzaya raha jAnA / asaMdigdha aura saMdigdha ko anizcita tathA nizcita bhI kahA jAtA hai / ina donoM zabdoM kA bhAva eka samAna hI haiM / (11) dhruva - isakA abhiprAya avazyaMbhAvI bhI haiM / arthAt jo matijJAna eka bAra grahaNa kiye hue artha ko sadA ke lie smRti meM dhAraNa kiye rahe / (12) adhruva - jo jJAna sadA kAla smaraNa na rahe, nyUnAdhika hotA rahe, athavA vismRta ho jAya, vaha adhruva kahalAtA hai / ye sabhI bheda viSaya evaM use grahaNa karane kI kSamatA kI apekSA haiM / sabhI prANiyoM meM buddhi kI taratamatA rahatI hai / kucha tIvra buddhi vAle eka hI saMketa mAtra se aneka vastuoM kA jJAna kara lete haiM, tathyoM kI gaharAI meM utarakara parokSa ghaTanA kA bhI A~kho dekhA jaisA varNana kara dete haiM / rojamarrA ke vyavahAra meM hama isa prakAra kI bauddhika vilakSaNatA va caturAI kI ghaTanAeM dekhate/sunate haiM / __ ina bAraha bhedoM meM buddhi kI isI taratamatA kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai / manovijJAna kI dRSTi se ye bheda kAphI mahatva ke haiM / jo prANI kI bauddhikatA ke tharmAmITara kA kAma kara sakate haiM / Agama vacana - uggehe duvihe paNNatteatthuggahe ya vaMjaNuggahe ya / vaMjaNuggahe cauvihe paNNatte - atthuggahe chavvihe paNNatte - - naMdI sUtra, sUtra 27, 28,29 avagraha do prakAra kA hai - (1) arthAvagraha aura (2) vyaMjanAvagraha For Personal & Private Use Only

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52 tattvArtha sUtra vyaMjanAvagraha cAra prakAra kA hai - (1) zrotrendriya vyaMjana avagraha, (2) ghrANendriya vyaMjana avagraha, (3) rasanendriya vyaMjana avagraha aura (4.) sparzanendriya vyaMjana avagraha / arthAvagraha chaha prakAra kA hai - (1) zrotrendriya arthAvagraha Adi pAMca tathA chaThA mana kA avagraha / sAmAnyApekSA avagraha Adi ke viSaya evaM bheda - arthasya / 17 / vyaMjanasyAvagraha : / 18 / na cakSuranindriyAbhyAm / 19 / (avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA-yaha cAroM ) artha (vastu ke pragaTa rUpa) ko grahaNa karate haiM / vyaMjana arthAt aprakaTarUpa padArthoM kA kevala avagraha hI hotA hai / (usa vyaMjana-aprakaTa rUpa padArtha kA) netra-indriya aura mana se avagraha matijJAna nahIM hotA hai / vivecana - prastuta tInoM sUtroM meM athavigraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha kI vizeSatAeM batAI gaI haiM / vastu athavA padArtha do prakAra ke hote haiM - (12) vyakta aura (2) avyakta / inheM prakaTa athavA aprakaTa bhI kaha sakate haiM / yahA~ 'artha' zabda vastu ke vyakta rUpa ke lie prayakta huA hai aura vyaMjana avyakta rUpa ke lie| avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA-ye cAroM vastu ke prakaTa rUpa ko grahaNa karate haiM; tathA avyakta athavA vyaMjana kA kevala avagraha rUpa jJAna hI hotA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki cakSu indriya aura mana aprApyakArI ko hI grahaNa karate haiM / anya cAro indriyA~ spRSTa ko grahaNa karatI hai / jaisA ki AcArAMga niyukti gAthA 5 meM batAyA haiM - puDheM suNodi sadaM apuDhe puNa passade rUvaM / phAsaM rasaM ca gaMdhe baddhaM puDheM viyANAdi | zabda spRSTa (sparzita hone para) sunA jAtA hai, isI prakAra sparza, rasa aura gaMdha kA anubhava bhI baddha athavA spRSTa hone para hI hotA hai; jaba ki cakSu indriya aspRSTa ko hI grahaNa karatI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 53 isa viSaya meM jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki pA~coM indriyoM meM cakSu ko hI aprApyakArI kyoM mAnA gayA ? isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna eka dRSTAnta se ho sakatA hai ki cakSu apane sAtha sparzita hue arthAt A~kha meM lage kAjala ko nahIM dekha sakatI, jabaki dUra kI vastu dekha letI hai / / isI prakAra mana bhI aspRSTa athavA avyakta padArthako grahaNa karatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki cakSu aura mana dvArA sirpha avagraha rUpa grahaNa hI hotI hai, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa jJAna nahIM hotA / naMdIsUtra (sUtra 35) tathA bhASya meM avagraha Adi kA kAla pramANa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki - avagraha kA kAla eka samaya kA, IhA hA antarmuharta, avAya kA bhI antarmuhUrta tathA dhAraNA kA kAla saMkhyAta athavA (yugaliyoM kI apekSA) asaMkhyAta kAla hai / . avAya (kisI bhI viSaya ke rUpa meM nizcayAtmaka) hone para bhI yadi upayoga usI viSaya para lagA rahe to avAya avicyuti dhAraNA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / 'avicyuti dhAraNA se vAsanA kA nirmANa hotA hai)aura vAsanA kI dRr3hatA smRti ko prabala banAtI hai tathA use udbodhita karane meM eka zaktizAlI nimitta banatI hai| yahI prabala dhAraNA athavA vAsanA, yA sAmAnya bhASA meM dRr3ha saMskAra hI pratyabhijJAna aura yahAM taka ki jAtismaraNajJAna ke kAraNa hote haiM / matijJAna ke 336 atavA 340 bheda - avagraha ke do bheda haiM - arthAvagraha tathA vyaMjanAvagraha / arthAvagraha tathA IhA, athavA aura dhAraNA - ye cAroM pAMca indriyoM aura chaThe mana se hote haiM ataH 6x4 = 24 bheda arthAvagraha ke hue; kintu vyaMjana avagraha mana aura cakSu ke atirikta cAra indriyoM se hotA hai tathA isake IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA bhI nahIM hote ataH isake kula bheda (441) 4 hI haiM / ina donoM 24 aura 4 kA yoga 28 hotA hai / isako bahu, buhavidha, kSipra Adi 12 prakAroM se guNA karane para (28x12) = 336 bheda hote hai| . For Personal & Private Use Only

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54 tattvArtha sUtra ina 336 bhedoM meM 4 prakAra kI buddhi jor3ane para matijJAna ke 340 kula bheda hote haiM / naMdIsUtra meM ina cAra prakAra ko buddhiyoM ke nAma isa prakAra diye gaye haiM / uppattiyA veNaiyA kammiyA pAriNAmiyA / buddhI cauvvihA vuttA paMcamA nobalabhaI // ___-sUtra 47 ke antargata gAthA 58 - matijJAna inake lakSaNa isa prakAra hai - (1) utpattiyA (autpAtikI) buddhi - kSayo pazama ke prabhAva se pahale binA jAne-dekha-sune viSaya ko vizuddha rUpa meM tatkAla grahaNa karane kI mAnasika zakti / yaha buddhi acAnaka hI pragaTa hokara kAryasiddhi meM sahAyaka banatI hai / (2) veNaiyA (vainayikI) buddhi - yaha gurujanoM kI vinayapUrvaka sevA karane se prApta hotI hai / yaha buddhi vartamAna aura bhAvI jIvana meM phala dene vAlI tathA kAryabhAra ko vahana karane meM samartha hotI haiM / (3) kammiyA (karmajA) buddhi - upayogapUrvaka kArya karate rahane se prApta hone vAlI dakSatA anubhavazIlatA / (4) pAriNAmiyA (pAriNAmikI ) buddhi - anumAna, hetu aura dRSTAnta se kArya siddha karane vAlI, Ayu kI paripakvatA se puSTa hone vAlI, lokahitakArI buddhi pAriNAmikI hai / Agama vacana - maIpuvvaM jeNa suaM na maI suapuviA / / __ - nandI sUtra, sUtra 24 suyanANe duvihe paNNate-aMgapaviThe ceva aMgabAhire ceva / ___ - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 71 matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna hotA hai / zrutajJAnapUrvaka matijJAna nahIM hotaa| zrutajJAna do prakAra kA hai - (1) aMgapraviSTa aura (2) aNgbaahy| zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa aura bheda - zrutaM matipUrvakaM yanekadvAdazabhedaM / 20 / matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna hotA hai tathA isa (zrutajJAna) ke do aneka aura bAraha bheda haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 55 vivecana prastuta sUtra meM zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa aura usake bhedoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai / zrutajJAna kI utpatti zrutajJAna kI utpatti kA Antarika kAraNa zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hai / isa kSayopazama se AtmA kI jo aura jitanI jJAna-zakti jAnane kI kSamatA anAvRta hotI hai, use zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai / - kintu jaisA ki sUtra meM kahA gayA hai 'zrutaMmatipUrvakaM' - zrutajJAna matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai / yadyapi matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama to yugapat yAnI sAtha-sAtha hotA hai, isIlie pratyeka saMsArI jIva ko mati aura zrutajJAna donoM hI hote haiM / - kintu kriyAkAritva athavA upayoga kI apekSA pahale matijJAna aura tadanantara zrutajJAna hotA hai / yahI prastuta sUtra kA bhAva hai / ". - zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa hai matijJAna dvArA jAne hue viSaya ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnanA / yaha lakSaNa sabhI jIvoM para ghaTita hotA hai| - kintu saMjJI paMcendriya aura vizeSa rUpa se manuSya kI apekSA zrutajJAna meM zabda viziSTa bhUmikA nibhAtA hai / ataH kisI bhI zabda ( akSarAtmaka yA anakSarAtmaka) ko sunakara unake vAcya - vAcaka bhAva se jo artha kI upalabdhi hotI hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiM / matijJAna kI apekSA zrutajJAna kI viziSTatA yadyapi mati aura zruta donoM hI jJAna saMsArI jIvoM meM pAye jAte haiM, kintu ina donoM meM kucha vizeSatAe~ haiM, jo inameM spaSTa bheda dikhAtI haiM / - (1) matijJAna kI sImA sirpha vartamAna kAla taka hI haiM, yAni vaha vartamAna kAla kI bAta hI jAna sakatA hai; jabaki zrutajJAna dvArA bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna- tInoM kAloM kI bAteM jAnI jA sakatI haiM / (2) matijJAna kI apekSA zrutajJAna kA vistAra adhika hai / (3) zrutajJAna meM indriyoM kI apekSA mana kI pramukhatA hotI haiM, ataH yaha pramukha rUpa se mana kA viSaya hai / (4) zrutajJAna meM pUrvApara saMbaMdha banA rahatA hai / zrutajJAna ke do prakAra yadyapi sUtra meM spaSTa nahIM hai ki zrutajJAna ke do prakAra kauna-kauna se haiM / kintu kaI apekSAoM se do prakAro kI gaNanA - For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 tattvArtha sUtra kI jA sakatI hai; jaise (1) akSarazruta (2) anakSarazruta (1) bhAvazruta (2) dravyazruta ( 1 ) kAlika, (2) utkAlika Adi / kintu sUtra meM antima aMza se dhvanita hotA hai ki AcArya ko (1) aMgabAhya aura (2) aMgapraviSTa ye do bheda hI abhISTa haiM / kyoMki unhoMne Age 12 bhedoM kA saMketa kiyA hai jo aMgapraviSTa ke bheda haiM / aMgapraviSTa (1) AcArAMga (2) sutrakRtAMga (3) sthAnAMga (4) samavAyAMga (5) bhagavatI ( vivAha paNNatti) (6) jJAtAdharmakathA (7) upAsaka dazA (8) aMtakRddazA ( 9 ) anuttaropapAtika daMzA (10) praznavyAkaraNa (11) vipAka sUtra aura (12) dRSTivAda | ye aMgazAstra bhI kahalAte haiM aura bhagavAna tIrthaMkara kI vANI ke nAma se vizruta evaM pratiSThita haiM / - naMdIsUtra (sUtra 72 ) meM zrutajJAna ke nimna 14 bhedoM kA varNana hai| (1) akSarazruta (2) anakSarazruta (3) saMjJizruta ( 4 ) asaMjJizruta (5) samyakazruta (6) mithyAzruta (7) sAdika zruta (8) anAdika zruta ( 9 ) saparyavasita zruta (10) aparyavasiMta zruta ( 11 ) gamika zruta (12) agamika zruta (13) aMgapraviSTa zruta (14) anaMgapraviSTa zruta / Adhunika yuga meM pracalita sabhI jJAna-vijJAna, lipiyA~, bhASAeM Adi sampUrNa kalA evaM sAhitya zrutajJAna ke antargata hI haiM / Agama vacana - ohiNANa paccakkhaM duvihaM paNNattaM ... bhavapaccattiyaM ca khaovasamiyaM ca / dohaM bhavapaccattiyaM - devANaM ca NeratiyANaM ca / dohaM khaovasamiyaM - maNussANaM ca paMcandiyatirikkhajoNiyANaM taM samAsao chavivahaM paNNattaM ANugAmiyaM, aNANugAmiyaMca, vaDDhamANayaM, hAyamANayaM, paDivAti, apaDivAti / naMdI sUtra, sUtra 6-9 avadhijJAna pratyakSa do prakAra kA hai (2) kSAyo - pazamika / - bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna do ko hotA hai (1) bhavapratyayika - nArakiyoM ko / kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna do ko hotA hai aura paMcendriya (mana sahita saMjJI) tiryacoM ko - (1) devoM ko aura (2) - / For Personal & Private Use Only (1) manuSyoM ko

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 57 (guNapratyayika athavA kSAyopazamika) vaha (avadhijJAna) saMkSepa meM chaha prakAra kA hai - (1) AnugAmika (2) anAnugAmika (3) varddhamAna (4) hIyamAna (5) pratipAtika (6) apratipAtika / avadhijJAna ke bheda aura svAmI - dvividhovadhi : / 21 / bhavapratyayodevanArakANAm 1 / 22 / kSayopazamanimittaH2 SaD vikalpaH zeSANAm / 23 / avidhijJAna do prakAra kA hai / bhavapratyayika (avadhijJAna) devoM aura nArako ko hotA hai / kSAyopazamika (avadhijJAna) chaha prakAra kA hai aura vaha zeSa (manuSya evaM paMcendriya saMjJI tiryaMca) ko hotA hai / vivecana - prastuta prathama sUtra meM avadhijJAna ke prathamataH do bheda batAye haiM aura phira yaha batAyA hai ki vaha kina-kina ko prApta hotA hai yA ho sakatA hai tathA usake chaha anya bhedoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai / sUtrameM avadhijJAna ke do bheda batAye haiM - (1) bhavapratyayika aura (2) kSAyopazamika / kintu nandIsUtra meM kSAyopazamika ke lie guNa-pratyayika zabda bhI prayukta huA hai / donoM kA hI bhAva samAna hai / karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra yaha nizcita hai ki AtmA kI jJAna-zakti usa jJAna ke Avaraka karma ke kSayopazama se hI prakaTa hotI hai / isa prakAra avadhijJAna kI upalabdhi bhI AtmA ko avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se hI upalabdha hotI hai / . kintu yahAM bhavapratyayika aura kSAyopazamika athavA guNapratyayika ye donoM bheda kevala nimitta kI apekSA batAye haiM / yadyapi bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna bhI avadhijJAnAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazama se hotA hai; kintu isake lie pratyakSataH vartamAna jIvana meM tapa (1) kucha pratiyo meM 'tatra bhavapratyonArakadevAnAm' yaha pATha bhI milatA hai; kintu artha meM bheda nahIM haiM / (2) kucha pratiyoM meM 'yathokta nimitta' aisA pATha bhI hai / kintu naMdIsUtra, sthAnAMga sUtraAdi AgamoM ke anusAra hone se hamane prastuta pATha svIkAra kiyA hai| -saMpAdaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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tattvArtha sUtra 58 Adi koI kriyA nahIM karanI par3atI, guNoM kA arjana nahIM karanA par3atA; devAyu ke baMdha ke sAtha hI yaha kSayopazama svayameva hI ho jAtA hai / I kintu narakagati ke sAtha viparIta sthiti hai / isake baMdha ke samaya kaSAya, lezyA, indriyaviSaya, raudradhyAna kI dhArAe~ itanI prabala hotI haiM. ki ve bhI avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ko kSINa / kSayopazamita karane kA nimitta bana jAtI haiM; ataH isa apekSA se nAraka jIvoM ko bhI avadhijJAna kI upalabdhi janma lete hI ho jAtI hai / kintu unakA avadhijJAna alpa tathA adhikAMzata : (samyaktvI jIvoM ke alAvA) vibhaMga athavA kuavadhijJAna hotA hai / kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna manuSyoM tathA tiryaMcoM ko vrata - niyama Adi ke ArAdhana-nimitta se guNoM ke arjana dvArA hotA haiM / usake chaha bheda haiM / (1) anugAmika - jo jIva ke anya kSetra meM jAne para athavA dUsare janma meM bhI sAtha calatA hai / jo utpanna hone ke (2) ananugAmika - aisA avadhijJAna jIva ke sAtha nahIM calatA / (3) varddhamAna bAda bar3hatA rahatA hai / (4) hAyamAna (5) pratipAtika jo utpanna hone ke jo prApta hone ke bAda ghaTatA rahatA hai / kucha samaya bAda ekadama lupta ho jAtA hai / (6) apratipAtika Agama vacana - - - hotA / yaha chahoM bheda kSayopazama kI vibhinnatA aura vicitratA ke pariNAma - svarUpa hI hote haiM; jaise - avadhijJAna ke utpanna hone ke bAda zubhadhArAoM kA prabhAva bar3hA, avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama adhika ho gayA to avadhi jJAna kI 'varddhamAna' dazA sAmane A gaI aura yadi viSaya kaSAyoM ke AvegoM se kSayopazama meM nyUnatA AI to 'hAyamAna' dazA ho gii| isI prakAra anya cAroM bhedoM ke bAre meM bhI samajha lenA cAhie / - yaha avadhijJAna hone ke bAda kabhI lupta nahIM maNapajjavaNANe duvihe paNNatte ujjumati ceva viulamati ceva / - sthAnAMga sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 71 ujjumaI NaM anaMte anaMtapaesie khaMdhe jANai pAsai - For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 59 te ceva viulamaI, abbhahiyatarAe ............. viulatarAe visuddhatarAe vitimiratarAe jANai pAsai .............. - nandI sUtra, sUtra 37 manaHparyavajJAna do prakAra kA hai - (1) Rjumati aura (2) vipulamati Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna anantapradeza vAle anantaskandhoM ko jAnatA/ dekhatA hai / ___ vipulamati bhI una sabako jAnatA/dekhatA hai; kintu yaha usa (Rjumati kI apekSA) se adhika bar3e, vipula (adhika parimANa meM), adhika vizuddha rUpa meM tathA adhika nirmala dekhatA/jAnatA hai / ) manaHparyavajJAna ke bheda RjuvipulamatI manaHparyAyaH / 24 / vizuddhayapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSa : / 25 / Rjumati aura vipulamati ke bheda se manaHparyAMya jJAna do prakAra kA h| Rjumati se vipulamati manaHparyAya jJAna vizuddhi tathA apratipAtikatA ke kAraNa vizeSa haiM / vivecana - prastuta sUtroM meM manaHparyAyajJAna ke bheda tathA vipulamati kI Rjumati kI apekSA vizeSatAe~ batAI gaI haiM / manaHparyAyajJAna kI utpatti aura lakSaNa - manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se jIva meM yaha jJAna pragaTa hotA hai / kintu isakI utpatti ke lie do bAteM Avazyaka hai - prathamataH jIva samyaktvI ho aura dUsare saMyamI ho / yaha jJAna mithyAtvI tathA asaMyamI ko prApta nahIM hotA / sIdhe zabdoM meM mana-vacana-kAyA kI saralatAyukta; para ke mana meM rahe hue bhAvoM/mana ke vicAroM ke parivartana ke kAraNa palaTatI paryAyoM ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai, vaha Rjumati manaHparyAya jJAna hai / vipulati sarala aura vakra donoM prakAra kI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / sAtha hI. Rjumati manaHparyAyajJAna ananta pradeza vAle anantaskandhoM ko; madhyaloka-aDhAI dvIpa, jyotiSka maMDala se Upara, kSullaka pratara se nIce taka ke kSetra ko, palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ko; tathA ananta bhAvoM ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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60 tattvArtha sUtra kintu vipulamati ina sabako aura adhika, vipula, vizuddha aura nirmala rUpa se jAnatA hai / sAtha hI ina dono meM eka pramukha bheda aura bhI hai ki Rjumati jJAna eka bAra upalabdha hokara vilupta bhI ho sakatA hai kintu vipulamati kI pariNati avazyameva kevalajJAna meM hotI haiM / karmasiddhAnta kI bhASA meM vipulamati manaHparyAyajJAnadhArI AtmA usI bhava meM kSapaka zreNI para ArohaNa karake kevalajJAnI banatA hai aura saMsAra se mukta ho jAtA hai / yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki manovijJAna-manovaijJAnika tathA manaHparyAyajJAnI meM AkAza -pAtAla kA antara haiM / . - manovijJAna to zrutajJAna para hI AdhArita haiM / anubhavI vyakti sAmane vAle vyakti kI mukha-mudrA- hAva-bhAva, zarIra aura mukha para Aye tanAvoM parivartanoM Adi se usake manogata bhAvo kA anumAna lagAtA hai / manovaijJAnika jitanA hI anubhavI hogA usakA anumAna utanA hI saccA ho jAyegA / yaha to eka prakAra se karmajAbuddhi kA pariNAma hai / . / manovaijJAnika mithyAdRSTi bhI ho sakatA hai / jabaki manaHparyAyajJAna bilkula hI alaga hai / yaha anumAna nahIM lagAtA, apitu pratyakSa jAnatA hai / manaHparyAyajJAnI nizcita rUpa se samyaktvI aura saMyata hI hotA hai / ataH manaHparyAyajJAnI aura manovijJAna ko eka samajha lenA, bahuta bar3A bhrama hai / Agama vacana - ...iDDhIpatta appamatta saMjayasammadiThipajjattaga saMkhejjavAsAua kammabhUmia gabbhavakaM tia maNussANaM maNapajjavanANaM samuppajai / - nandIsUtra manaHparyavajJAnAdhikAra - (manaH paryAyajJAna kevala una jIvoM ko hI hotA hai jo garbhaja manuSya hoM, karmabhUmi ke hoM, saMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle hoM, paryApta hoM, samyagdRSTi hoM, saptama guNasthAna vAle saMyamI hoM aura RddhidhArI hoM / ) adhijJAna aura manaHparyAyajJAna meM bheda - vizuddhi-kSetra-svAmi-viSayebhyo'vadhimanaH paryAyayoH / 26 / (1) vizuddhi, (2) kSetra, (3) svAmi aura (4) viSaya kI apekSA avadhijJAna aura manaHparyAyajJAna meM antara- bheda hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 61 vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM avadhijJAna tathA manaHparyAjJAna meM kinakina bAtoM kA antara hai, isakA sUcana kiyA gayA hai / ina antaroM ko isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai - (1) manaHparyAyajJAna avadhijJAna kI apekSA adhika vizuddha hotA hai / cUMki manaHparyAyajJAnI kI antar vizuddhi avadhijJAnI se adhika hI hotI haiM ataH yaha apane viSaya ko adhika gaharAI se, vizuddha rUpa se jAnatA hai / (2) avadhijJAna kA kSetra tIna loka hai, yAnI yaha tIna loka ke rUpI padArtho ko jAna sakatA hai| jabaki manaHparyAyajJAna kA kSetra avadhijJAna kI apekSA alpa hai, vaha madhya loka meM DhAI dvIpa taka, nIce kSullaka pratara taka aura Upara maiM jyotiSka maNDala se kucha Upara taka hI jAnatA hai / (3) avadhijJAna ke svAmI cAroM gati ke jIva hote haiM/ho sakate haiM, ve mithyAdRSTi bhI ho sakate haiM aura samyaktvI bhI, saMyata bhI aura asaMyata bhI; jabaki manaHparyAyajJAna ke svAmI kevala karmabhUmi meM utpanna hue manuSya aura unameM bhI saMyamI, samyagyadRSTi hI hote haiM / . (4) avadhijJAna kA viSaya rUpI padArtha kucha paryAya sahita haiM; jabaki manaHparyAyajJAna kA viSaya usakA anantavA~ bhAga hI haiM, vaha kevala saMjJI jIvoM ke mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / (5) avadhijJAna, viparIta yAnI kuavadhi/vibhaMga bhI ho sakatA hai jabaki manaHparyAyajJAna kabhI viparIta nahIM hotA, yahA~ taka ki manaHparyAyajJAna kI vidyamAnatA meM mithyAtva kA udaya bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / / (6) avadhijJAna AtmA ke sAtha agale janma meM bhI jA sakatA hai; jabaki manaHparyAyajJAna nahIM jA sakatA / yAnI avadhijJAna ubhayabhavika bhI ho sakatA hai; kintu manaHparyAyajJAna ihabhavika haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki manaHparyAyajJAna * saMyamasApekSa hai, saMyama ke abhAva meM nahIM TikatA / kintu avadhijJAna ko saMyama kI apekSA nahIM hai, isalie vaha jIva ke sAtha agale bhava meM bhI jA sakatA hai / / yaha avadhijJAna aura manaHparyAyajJAna ke pramukha bheda haiM / Agama vacana - davvao NaM AbhiNibohiyaNANI savvAiM davvAiM jANai, na pAsaI.... bhAvao savve bhAve jANai, na pAsaI / - nandI sUtra 65, matijJAna viSaya varNanAdhikAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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62 tattvArtha sUtra davvaoM NaM suanANI uvautte savvadavvAi jANaiM, pAsai... bhAvaoM savvaMbhAvaM jANai, pAsai / - nandIsUtra, sUtra 114, gaNipiTaka kI zAzvatatA adhikAra (matijJAnI sAmAnya se sabhI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, dekhatA nahIM / bhAva se saba bhAvoM ko jAnatA hai, dekhatA nahIM / dravya se zrutajJAnI upayoga lagAkara sabhI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai / bhAva se... sabhI bhAvoM ko jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai / ) vizeSa - vRttikAra ke anusAra yaha kathana zrutakevalI kI apekSA se haiM, sAmAnya zrutajJAnI jAnatA hai, dekhatA nahIM haiM / mati-zrutajJAna ke grAhya viSaya - matizrutayornibandha : sarvadravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu / 27 / mati aura zrutajJAna dravyoM kI asarva (saba nahIM -parimita) paryAyoM ko jAnate haiM / vivecana - prastuta sUtra kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki mati aura zrutajJAna dravyoM kI apekSA to samasta chaha dravyoM ko jAnate haiM kintu unakI samasta paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnate / sUtra kA yaha kathanasAmAnya zrutajJAnI kI apekSA hai; kintu sampUrNa gaNipiTaka ko dhAraNa karane vAle zrutakevalI sabhI dravyoM kI samasta paryAyoM ko bhI jAnane meM sakSama hote haiM ) . yahAM yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki mati-zrutajJAna to parokSa haiM, inheM vastu kA svarUpa jAnane ke lie indriya aura mana kI apekSA hotI hai aura indriyA~ tathA mana arUpI dravya tathA unakI sUkSma paryAyoM ko kaise jAnate ha? isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna eka dRSTAnta se ho jAyegA / kalpanA karie ki amerikA ke kisI vyakti ko AgarA ke tAjamahala kA aisA sajIvacitra dikhA diyA jAya ki usameM tAjamahala kI eka-eka vizeSatA, sUkSma citrakArI hUbahU aMkita ho to usake lie tAjamahala pratyakSa hI ho jAyegA; mAno usane apanI A~khoM se hI tAjamahala dekha diyA hai / 1 nandI sUtra TIkA, gaNipiTaka adhikAra / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 63 tIrthaMkara bhagavAna dvArA kathita gaNipiTaka meM sabhI dravyoM aura paryAyoM kA sUkSmAtisUkSma vivecana hai to usake pAThI zrutakevalI ke lie bhI samasta dravya aura unake samasta paryAya pratyakSa jaise hI ho jAte haiM / isa apekSA se yaha kathana yuktisaMgata haiM / phira jisa manuSya ko gaNipiTaka kA jitanA aMza upalabdha huA hai aura jitanAusane grahaNa kiyA hai, isa apekSA se utane hI aMza meM vaha bhI dravya aura unake paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / __ ataH sAmAnya zrutajJAniyoM kI apekSA sUtra kA kathana saMgata hai / Agama vacana - ohinANI jahanneNaM aNaMtAI rUvidavvAiM jANai, pAsai / ukkoseNaM savvAiM rUvidavvAiM jANai, pAsai - nandI sUtra, sUtra 16 savvatthovA maNapajjavaNANa pajavA ohiNANa pajjavA aNaMtaguNA.. - bhagavatI, za. 8, u. 2, sUtra 113 savvadavva pariNAmabhAva viNNattika raNamaNaMtaM, sAsayamappaDivAI egavihaM ke valaNANaM. / - nandIsUtra sUtra 22 (avadhijJAnI jaghanyataH ananta rUpI dravyo ko jAnatA, dekhatA hai / utkRSTa rUpa se sabhI rUpI dravyo ko jAnatA, dekhatA hai / manaHparyavajJAna kI paryAyeM sabase kama hotI hai; kintu avadhijJAna kI paryAyeM usase anantaguNI hotI haiM / - kevalajJAna sarva dravyoM ke pariNAma aura unake bhAvoM ko batalAne kA kAraNa haiM, anta haiM, zAzvata (nirantara rahatA) hai, apratipAtI hai / (yaha upalabdha hone ke bAda jAtA nahIM ); ataH kevalajJAna eka prakAra kA hotA avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevalajJAna ke grAhya viSaya - rUpiSvavadhe : / 28 / tadanantabhAge manaH paryAyasya / 29 / sarvadravyaparyAyeSu ke valasya / 30 / avadhijJAna rUpIpadArthoM ko jAnatA hai / . For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 tattvArtha sUtra usa (avadhijJAna dvArA jAnane yogya padArthoM kA anantavA~ bhAga manaH paryAyajJAna jAnatA hai / kevalajJAna samasta dravyoM kI samasta paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / vivecana - avadhijJAna kA upayoga kSetra arthAt jAnane Adi kI kSamatA kA vistRta vivecana 21 se 26 veM sUtra ke vivecana meM kiyA jA cukA hai, tathA vahIM manaHparyAyajJAna ke bAre meM bhI spaSTIkaraNa ho cukA hai / yahA~ 28 vAM sUtra sarvAvadhi avadhijJAna kI apekSA se haiM / usake dvArA jAne gaye rUpI padArtha ke anantaveM bhAga ko manaH paryAyajJAna jAnatA hai / kevalajJAna pratyeka tathA sabhI dravyoM kI pratyeka tathA samasta paryAyoM ko yugapat jAnatA hai / yaha triloka evaM trikAlavatI sabhI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, lokAloka prakAzaka hai / tInoM loka aura tInoM kAloM ke sabhI dravya aura paryAya isake hastAmalakavata haiM / 1 Agama vacana je gANI atthe gatiyA te atthegatiyA duNANI, atthegatiyA tiNANI, atthe gatiyA cauNANI, atthegatiyA egaNANI / - jIvAbhi. pratipatti 1, sUtra 41 (jJAniyoM meM kisI ke do jJAna hote haiM, kisI ke tIna jJAna, kisI ke cAra jJAna aura kisI ke eka jJAna hotA hai / ) AtmA meM eka sAtha kitane jJAna saMbhava hai ekAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasminnAcaturbhyaH |31| eka jIva meM eka ko Adi lekara vibhAga kiye hue (bhAjyAni) eka sAtha cAra jJAna taka ho sakate haiM / vivecana prastuta sUtra kA bhAva yaha hai ki eka AtmA meM eka sAtha cAra jJAna taka ho sakate haiM, pA~co jJAna kisI ko bhI eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate yadi do jJAna hoM to matizruta, tIna ho to mati, zruta aura avadhi, aura cAra hoM to mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaH paryAya - yaha cAra jJAna taka eka sAtha eka jIva meM raha sakate haiM / kintu kevalajJAna akelA hI rahatA hai / - kevalajJAna vastutaH AtmA kA sampUrNa jJAna hai aura yaha cAroM jJAna isa sampUrNa ke aMzamAtra haiM / bhAva yaha hai ki kevalajJAna meM yaha cAroM jJAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 65 vilIna ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra jaise mahAsAgara meM nadiyA~ vilIna ho jAtI haiM / (cArTa pRSTha 66-67 para dekheM ) Agama vacana - aNNANapariNAmeNaM tivihe paNNatte-mai aNNANapariNAme, suyaaNNANa pariNAme, vibhaMgaNANa pariNAme / - prajJApanA pada 23, jJAna pariNAma viSaya sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 3,u. 3, sutra 287 micchAsuyaM-aNNANiehiM micchAdidi ThaehiM sacchandabuddhimai vigappiaM ___ - naMdIsUtra, sUtra 42 (ajJAna pariNAma tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- (1) mati ajJAna (kumati) (2) zruta ajJAna (kuzruti) aura (3) vibhaMgajJAna (kuavadhijJAna) mithyAzruta-ajJAnI mithyAdRSTiyoM dvArA svacchandabuddhi se kalpita (padArthajJAna...) viparIta jJAna aura viparItatA ke hetu matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca / 32 / sadasatoraviseSAdyadRcchopalabdherunmattavat // 3 // (1) mati, (2) zruta aura (3) avadhi- ye tIna jJAna viparIta bhI hote haiM / sat aura asat padArthoM ke bheda kA jJAna (avizeSAt) nahIM hone se svecchA se cAhe jaisA (yadvA-tadvA-sahI galata) jAnane ke kAraNa madamatta ke (unmattavat) samAna ye jJAna mithyAjJAna bhI hote haiM / - vivecana - prastuta do sUtroM meM viparIta jJAnoM ke nAma aura inakI viparItAta ke kAraNa batAye gaye haiM / viparIta jJAna tIna ho sakate haiM - matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna, aura viparItatA ke kAraNa batAye gaye haiM / viparIta jJAna tIna ho sakate haiM - matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna, aura viparItAta ke hetu hai, satyAsatya viveka kA abhAva tathA matta ke samAna ulTA-sIdhA apanI icchA se vastu ko jAnanA, dekhanA, samajhanA aura usI ke anusAra apanI dhAraNA tathA vizvAsa banA lenA / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki viparItatA athavA ajJAna laukika dRSTi kI apekSA nahIM mAnA gayA hai; apitu AdhyAtmika dRSTi kI apekSA mAnA gayA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jJAna AdhAra - sthAnAMga sUtra 71; tattvArtha sUtra 66 tattvArtha sUtra pratyakSa parokSa kevala . nokevala Abhinibodhika zrutajJAna avadhi manaHparyava aMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya For Personal & Private Use Only Avazyaka Avazyakavyatirikta bhavapratyayika kSAyopazamika Rjumati vipulamatI utkAlika zrutaniHsRta kAlika azrutaniHsRta arthAvagraha vyaMjanAvagraha arthAvagraha vyaMjanAvagraha noTa : tattvArtha sUtra meM aMgabAhya ke uttara bheda nahIM diye gaye haiM /

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For Personal & Private Use Only Abhinivodhika jJAna pratyakSa indriya pratyakSa zrutajJAna noindriya pratyakSa 1. zrotrendriya pratyakSa 2. cakSurindriya pratyakSa 3. ghrANendriya pratyakSa 4. rasanendriya pratyakSa 5. sparzenendriya pratyakSa avadhi manaH paryava kevala avagraha vyaMjanAbagraha jJAna avadhijJAna jJAna Abhinibodhika zrutaniHsRta IhA avAya arthAvagraha ( naMdIsUtra ke anusAra ) manaH paryava jJAna parokSa kevalajJAna zruta azrutaniHsRta dhAraNA autpAtikI vainayikI karmajA pAriNAmikI buddhi adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 67

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68 tattvArtha sUtra hai, laukika dRSTi se vizeSa jJAnI aura vizeSajJa (Specialists) bhI AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ajJAnI athavA mithyAjJAnI ho sakate haiM / laukika dRSTi meM sAMsArikatA pradhAna hotI hai| samasta vaijJAnika, cikitsaka, kalAkAra, sAhityakAra aura aneka yogI-tapasvI bhI sAMsArika dRSTi se satya kahe jA sakate haiM / unakI bhaviSyavANiyA~ aura batAye gaye pariNAma satya pramANita ho sakate haiM / ___Aja pudgala paramANu (atom) jainadarzana kI dRSTi se skaMdha para bahuta kArya ho rahA hai, isakI saMracanA ko samajhA jA rahA hai, vikhaMDita karake pracaMDa UrjA prApta kI jA rahI haiM / tathA jo pariNAma nikAle jA rahe haiM, ve satya pramANita ho rahe haiM / isI prakAra AkAzIya nakSatroM, grahoM tathA sAgara tala evaM pRthvI para bhI aneka khojeM karake pariNAma prApta kiye jA rahe haiM / / kintu yahA~ yaha laukika dRSTi aura jJAna apekSita nahIM hai, na isa dRSTi se viparItatA athavA viparyayatA hI kahI gaI haiM / apitu yahA~ mati, zruta, avadhi-ina tInoM jJAnoM ko viparIta kahane kA hetu AdhyAtmika hai / arthAta aise jJAna jo Atmazuddhi evaM mokSa prApti meM bAdhaka hote haiM / jIvAdi tattvoM kA bhalI-bhA~ti satya-tathya jJAna prApta na karake, apanI manokalpanA se jaisA cAhe, vaisA mAna lenA-yahI viparItatA hai, ajJAna haiM / Agama vacana - satta mUlaNayA paNNattA - Negame, saMggahe, vavahAre, ujjusue, sadde, samabhirUDhe, evaMbhUe / - anuyogadvAra, 126, 126; sthAnAMga sthAna 7, 552 sAta mUla naya kahe gaye haiM - (1) naigama, (2) saMgraha, (3) vyavahAra, (4) RjusUtra, (5) zabda, (6) samabhirUDha aura (7) evaMbhUta naya / nayoM ke nAma evaM prakAra - naigama saMgraha vyavahArajUM sUtrazabdA nayAH / 34 / Adyazabdau dvitribhedau / 35 / (1) naigama (2) saMgrama (3) vyavahAra (4) RjusUtra (5) zabda For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 69 yaha pA~ca naya haiM / Adya ( arthAt prathama- naigama naya) ke do aura zabda naya ke tIna bheda haiM / vivecana prastuta donoM sUtroM meM nayoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA sAtha hI yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki naigama naya ke do bheda haiM aura zabda naya ke tIna bheda haiM / mUla sUtra meM na to ina upabhedoM ke nAma hI batAye haiM aura na yahI batAyA hai ki ina nayoM kA viSaya kyA aura kitanA hai / kintu svayaM sUtrakAra ne apane svopajJabhASya meM ina sabakA spaSTa rUpa se varNana kara diyA hai / (1) naigama naya sAta nayo meM yaha pahalA naya hai, isakA kSetra bhI sabase adhika vyApaka hai, ataH isakA hArda spaSTa rUpa meM samajha lenA caahie| 'nigama' zabda ke aneka arthoM meM eka artha hai nagara tathA eka artha hai- mArga / jisa prakAra nagara meM jAne ke aneka mArga hote haiM, 1 usI prakAra vastu tattva ko samajhane kI aneka vidhiyoM vAlI zailI ko 'naigama naya' kaha sakate haiM / AcArya jinabhadragaNI ne 'nigama' kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI hai gagamo'Negapaho Negamo (vizeSA. 2,2682-83) 'gama' arthAt mArga; jisake aneka mArga : haiM vaha 'naigama' hai / - nyAya grantha ke anusAra bhI 'naigama' kA yahI artha mAnya hai naigama - arthAt jo aneka gamoM-bodha-mArgo se vastu ko jAne - vaha naigama naya (ratnAkarA. 7/7) 'naigama naya' padArtha ko sAmAnya- vizeSa evaM ubhayAtmaka mAnatA hai / eka aMza utpanna hote hI sampUrNa vastu kA grahaNa kara letA hai / anuyogadvAra sUtra (sUtra 476 ) meM prasthaka (pAyalI - vastuoM ke mApa karane vAle pAtra kA nAma ) kA eka sundara rocaka udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA gayA hai / koI vyakti kulhAr3I lekara prasthaka (pAyalI) banAne ke lie kASTa lene ke lie vana meM gayA / mArga meM kisI ne pUchA- kahA~ jA rahe ho ? uttara meM vaha kahatA hai, prasthaka lene jA rahA hU~ ? isI prakAra lakar3I kATate dekhakara koI pUche ki kyA kATa rahe ho ? to vaha kahatA hai prasthaka kATa rahA hU~ / zabdoM ke jitane jo artha loka-pracalita haiM, una sabako mAnya karanA naigama naya viSaya hai / yaha naya bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tInoM kAloM ko grahaNa karatA hai -- - For Personal & Private Use Only

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70 tattvArtha sUtra tathA bhUta bhaviSya kA vartamAna meM sakaMlpa karatA hai / udAharaNArtha - caitra zuklA 13 ke dina kahanA - Aja mahAvIra bhagavAna kA janma dina hai / yadyapi bhagavAna ne Aja se lagabhaga 2600 varSa pahale janma liyA thA / kintu caitra sudI 13 ko mahAvIra jayantI ke dina ukta vacana kahA jAtA hai / yaha bhUtagrAhI naigama naya kA kathana hai / naigamanaya ke anusAra satya hai / isI prakAra koI vyakti bhojana banAne kI taiyArI karatA hai taba vaha kisI ke pUchane para kahatA hai - maiM roTI yA bhAta banA rahA hU~ / yadyapi bhojana abhI bana nahIM rahA haiM, kucha samaya bAda banegA; kintu saMkalpa ho jAne se yaha kahanA bhI satya haiM / yaha bhaviSyagrAhI naigama naya hai / naigama naya ke do bheda haiM haiM ? (ka) samagragrAhI naigama naya udAharaNArtha- sone, pItala, miTTI kA eka 'ghar3A' zabda se grahaNa karanA / (kha) dezagrAhI naigama naya yaha deza arthAt aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai / jaise yaha pItala kA ghar3A hai, miTTI kA ghar3A hai, ityAdi / samagrarUpa se naigama naya sAmAnya ( dravya) aura vizeSa (paryAya) donoM ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, arthAt pUre dravya ko (paryAya sahita) grahaNa karatA hai; kintu kathana zailI meM dravya aura paryAya kA kaMthana eka sAtha nahIM ho sakatA ataH jaba yaha dravya ko mukhya karake aura paryAya ko gauNa rakhakara kathana karatA hai to samagragrAhI naigama naya hotA hai aura jaba paryAya kI mukhyatA se (dravya ko gauNa rakhakara ) kathana karatA hai to dezagrAhI naigama naya kahalAtA hai / naigama naya ko eka udAharaNa dvArA yoM samajha sakate haiN| paricaya jAnane ke lie eka ne dUsare se pUchA- Apa kahA~ rahate haiM ? dUsarA vyakti dhArmika svabhAva kA thA, usane kahA - loka meM / pahalA vyakti bhI tattva kA jAnakAra thA / usane kahA - - loka to bahuta vistRta haiM / usameM Apa kahA~ rahate haiM ? dUsarA vyakti madhyaloka meM / pahalA madhyaloka meM kahA~ ? - 1 (1) samagragrAhI aura (2) dezagrAhI / yaha sAmAnya ko grahaNa karatA hai / bheda na karake sabhI prakAra ke ghar3oM ko - - dUsarA - jambUdvIpa meM / pahalA - jambUdvIpa meM kaI kSetra haiM / Apa kisa kSetra meM nivAsa karate For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 71 dUsarA - bharata kSetra meM / pahalA - bharata kSetra meM to bahuta se janapada (deza) haiM / Apa kisa deza meM rahate haiM ? dUsarA-magadha deza meM / pahalA-magadha deza ke kisa nagara meM ? dUsarA-rAjagRha meM / pahalA-rAjagRha ke kisa pAr3e (galI) meM ? dUsarA- nAlaMdA pAr3A meM / pahalA-nAlaMdA pAr3A ke kisa makAna meM ApakA AvAsa hai ? dUsarA -amuka makAna meM / yaha sabhI prazna aura uttara naigama naya ke antargata haiM / inameM pUrva-pUrva ke vAkya sAmAnya dharma ko aura uttara-uttaravartI vAkya vizeSa dharma ko grahaNa karate haiM / isa prakAra ke sabhI (vyavahAroM meM naigama naya kI pradhAnatA hai) (2) saMgrahanaya - yaha samUha kI apekSA se vicAra karatA hai / jaise - eka 'bartana zabda se loTA, thAlI, gilAsa Adi sabhI kA kathana kara denA . (3) vyavahAra naya - yaha saMgraha naya ke kathana meM bheda prabheda karatA hai / jaise-saMgraha naya ke anusAra 'bartana' zabda se loTA, gilAsa Adi sabhI grahaNa kara liye jAte haiM; kintu vyavahAra naya 'loTA' ko 'loTA' kahatA hai aura 'gilAsa' ko 'gilAsa' tathA 'thAlI' ko 'thAlI' Adi / loka vyavahAra ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie vyavahAranaya adhika upayogI aura anukUla hai / . (4) RjusUtra naya - kevala vartamAna kI paryAya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / bhUta aura bhaviSya kI paryAyoM ko gauNa rakhatA hai / (5) zabda naya - vyAkaraNa sambandhI liMga, vacana, kAla Adi ke doSoM ko dUra karake vastu kA kathana karatA hai / svopajJabhASya meM ke zabda naya 3 bheda batAye gaye haiM - (1) sAmprata, (2) samabhirUr3ha aura (3) evaMbhUta / kintu sAmprata zabda adhika pracalita nahIM haiM, sAmAnyataH 'zabda' hI pracalita haiM / (6) samabhirUr3ha naya - jo zabda jisa artha meM rUr3ha ho usako usI rUpa meM yaha naya grahaNa karatA hai| jaise 'go' zabda ke gamana Adi aneka artha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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72 tattvArtha sUtra kintu yaha 'mAya' ke artha meM rUr3ha hai, ataH samabhirUr3ha naya 'go' zabda 'gAya' kI hI vivakSA karatA hai, anya arthoM kI nahIM karatA / (7) evaMbhUta naya - yaha kevala vartamAna kAla kI kriyA ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / jaise-'indra' ko tabhI indra kahanA jaba vaha aizvarya sahita ho, 'vajrapANi' tabhI kahanA jaba usake hAtha meM vajra ho / yaha paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhI bheda karake mukhyavAcI zabda ko grahaNa karatA h| vaise nayoM ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda hote haiM - (1) dravyArthika aura (2) paryAyArthika / uparokta varNita sAtoM nayoM kA samAveza ina do bhedoM meM ho jAtA hai- naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra ye tIna dravyArthika naya haiM aura RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha tathA evaMbhUta ye cAra paryAyArthika naya hai / nayoM kA pArasparika sambandha - yaha sAtoM naya paraspara eka dUsare se sambandhita haiM / inakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki pUrva-pUrva naya kI apekSA uttarauttara naya kA viSaya alpa (sUkSma) ho jAtA hai| naigamanaya sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko grahaNa karatA hai; jabaki saMgrahanaya vizeSa ko gauNa kara sirpha sAmAnya ko grahaNa karatA hai aura vyavahAranaya vizeSa para apanI dRSTi jamAtA hai, sAmAnya ko gauNa kara detA RjusUtra naya vartamAna kAla kI paryAya ko mukhyatA detA hai; jabaki zabda naya vyAkaraNa sambandhI azuddhiyoM (liMga, vacana Adi kI azuddhiyoM) ko dUra karake sahI zabda ke prayoga ko mukhyatA pradAna karatA hai / samabhirUr3ha naya paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda ko svIkAra nahIM karanA jabaki evaM bhUta naya ina bhedoM ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai / isa prakAra ina nayoM kA vistAra-kSetra kama hotA calA gayA hai / anuyogadvAra, prajJApanA Adi meM ina nayoM kA eka dUsarI apekSA se bhI vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra naya-ina cAroM nayoM ko 'arthanaya' batAyA gayA hai tathA zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta naya ko 'zabdanaya' kahA gayA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha diyA hai ki prathama cAra naya artha ko apanA viSaya batAte haiM, isalie 'arthanaya' haiM aura antima tIna nayoM kA viSaya pramukha rUpa se zabda haiM, isalie ye 'zabdanaya ' haiM / nayoM ke prakAroM ke viSaya meM AcArya siddhasena ne bar3I hI mahatvapUrNa bAta kahI haiM / ve kahate haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 73 jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti NayavAyA __-sanmatarka arthAt vacana ke jitane bhI prakAra ho sakate haiM, utane hI naya bhI ho sakate vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki naya kisI bhI vastu ke varNana karane kA, usake svarUpa kathana kA DhaMga hai, eka zailI hai| ataH jitanI bhI zailiyoM se vaktA vastu kA kathana kareM, utane hI naya ho sakate haiM / phira bhI sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI prakAra kI kathana zailiyoM kA ina sAta nayoM meM vargIkaraNa kara diyA gayA hai / ___ naye kA pramANatva - sAmAnya rUpa se jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki ye naya pramANa hai athavA apramANa ? yadi pramANa haiM to pramANa se alaga kyoM haiM ? aura yadi apramANa haiM to kisI viSaya ke vivecana meM, usakI satyatA darzAne meM yaha bilkula hI anupayogI haiM / __ isake uttara meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye sabhI naya pramANa haiM, satya haiM aura vastu ke satya svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie Avazyaka hai / / pramANa se alaga ye isa apekSA se haiM ki pramANa to sakalAdezI hotA hai, vaha sampUrNa vastu kA kathana eka sAtha kara detA hai jabaki naya vikalAdezI hote haiM, ye vastu ke eka-eka guNa tathA paryAya kA alaga-alaga varNana karata haiM ___ yaha jijJAsA bhI ucita hai ki naya mithyA haiM athavA satya / isa viSaya meM jainadarzana kI spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki jo sApekSa kathana hotA hai ve sunaya haiM ora jo apekSA rahita ekAntika kathana hai, ve durnaya hai / sunaya kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kisI vastu ke eka guNa kA varNana karate samaya anya guNoM kA lopa na kareM, apitu gauNa hI kareM kyoMki pratyeka vastu meM aneka guNa haiM; jaise-eka vyakti pitA bhI hotA hai, putra bhI aura pati bhI hotA hai / jisa samaya usake 'pitApana' kA varNana kiyA jAya to 'putrapana' tathA 'patipana' ko asvIkAra na kara diyA jAya / yadi anya guNoM kA inkAra kara diyA gayA to ekAnta ho jAyegA aura naya durnaya bana jaayegii| ___ vastutaH vastu aneka dharmAtmaka haiM aura jainadarzana kI vicAra zailI anekAntAtmaka haiM / isI anekAntAtmaka vicAra ko dRSTigata rakhate hue varNana karane vAle sabhI naya samyak haiM, satya haiM aura vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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74 tattvArtha sUtra samajhane ke lie upayogI haiM / inake dvArA prApta jJAna samyak hotA hai aura mokSamArga ko jAnane-samajhane tathA usa ora gati - pragati karane meM sahAyaka banatA hai / nayoM kA udAharaNa nayoM kA viSaya thor3A zuSka haiM; kintu tattva ko samajhane ke lie upayogI bhI bahuta haiM / sAtha hI naigama Adi sabhI naya paraspara sambandhita haiM / inheM bhalI prakAra hRdayaMgama karane ke lie eka dRSTAnta liijie| - eka vyakti sthAnaka kI ora jA rahA hai / rAste meM usake kisI mitra ne pUchA- kahA~ jAte ho ? usane uttara diyA sAmAyika karane / naigama naya kI apekSA usakA uttara ThIka haiM / kyoMki yaha naya bhaviSyagrAhI bhI hai / naigama naya ke anusAra gurU se AjJA mA~gate aura gurudeva dvArA AjJA pradAna karate hI vaha vyakti sAmAyika kartA ho jAtA hai / abhI vaha vyakti Asana bichAkara baiTha rahA hai kintu saMgrahanaya ke anusAra vaha sAmAyika kara rahA hai / vyavahAra naya use taba sAmAyika meM mAnatA hai, jaba vaha guru caraNoM meM baiTha jAtA hai / jaba vaha vyakti sAmAyika pATha par3hatA hai, japa dhyAna Adi kriyA karatA hai taba RjusUtra naya use sAmAyika meM svIkAra karatA hai / zabda, samabhirUr3ha tathA evaMbhUta naya use tabhI sAmAyika meM svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki vaha vyakti sAmAyika meM upayogavAna ho / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki pUrva - pUrvavartI naya se uttara - uttaravartI naya sUkSmagrAhI haiM / pUrva-pUrva naya adhika vistRta kSetra ko grahaNa karate haiM, unakA vistAra adhika (Wide span) hai aura uttara - uttaravartI naya sUkSma ( to the point) banate jAte hai / yaha naya-praNAlI kI vaijJAnikatA hai / kisI bhI viSaya ke parijJAna kI vijJAna - samasta adhyApana vidhi haiM / sAmAnya jJAna se prAraMbha karake usa viSaya ke talachaTa meM pahuMcA jAtA hai, tabhI vaha viSaya pUrI taraha hRdayaMgama ho pAtA hai / yahI nayavAda kA jJAna - prApti meM mahatva hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 75 saptabhaMgI syAdvAda jainadarzana kI eka anyatama vizeSatA hai / syAdvAda ke abhAva meM jainadarzana kI kalpanA bhI kaThina haiM | eka AcArya ne jaina dharma kA lakSaNa hI yaha diyA hai - syAdvAdo vartate yasmin, pakSapAto na vidyate / nAstyanyapIDanaM kaJcit, jainadharmaH sa ucyate // syAdvAda kA dUsarA nAma anekAntavAda bhI hai / praznoM kA uttara dene kI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI praNAlI yahI rahI hai / udAharaNArtha - gautama svAmI ne jaba bhagavAna se jIva kI zAzvatatA-azAzvatatA ke viSaya meM jijJAsA kI to bhagavAna ne pharamAyA - gautama ! jIva syAt (kathaMcit-kisI apekSA se) zAzvata hai aura syAt (kisI apekSA se) azAzvata haiM / AgamoM kA yahI 'syAta' (kathaMcit-kisI apekSA se) zabda Age calakara jaina tarkazAstra kA mUlAdhAra bana gayA hai / jainanyAya meM isakA khulakara prayoga huA- vAda-vivAda meM bhI aura bastu kA svarUpa samajhane meM bhI / dArzanika yuga meM Ate-Ate yaha syAdvAda saptabhaMgI ke rUpa meM vikasita ho gayA / saMptabhaMgI kA artha haiM - sAta prakAra ke bhaMga -vikalpa-vAkya vinyAsabolane aura uttara-pratyuttara kI vidhi / vastugata anantadharmoM (guNoM-paryAyoM) meM se kisI eka ke vidhiniSeda, ubhayAtmaka tathA avaktavya - avirodhAtmaka kathana ke lie saptabhaMgI bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai / sAta bhaMgoM kA saMkSipta svarUpa-vivecana yaha hai - (1) syAdasti-vastu sva-dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kI apekSA hai| (2) syAnAsti-vastu para-dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kI apekSA nahIM h| udAharaNArtha-ghar3A miTTI kA hai, rasoIghara meM sthita haiM, vartamAna kAla meM hai aura apane bhAva meM haiM, yaha syAdasti haiM / kintu vahI ghar3A cA~dI kA nahIM haiM, anya sthAna, yathA-parvata para nahIM haiM, bhUtakAla meM nahI thA / anya bhAva se nahI hai, yaha syAnnasti haiM / isa vidhi-niSedhAtmaka kathana se vastu kA jJAna nizcita rupa se hotA h| For Personal & Private Use Only

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76 tattvArtha sUtra (3) syAdasti-nAsti kisI apekSA se vastu hai aura kisI apekSA se nahIM bhI hai / (4) syAdavaktavya- kisI apekSA se vastu kA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / satya yaha hai ki vastu kA kitanA bhI varNana kiyA jAya, kintu vaha rahegA AMzika hI, pUrNa varNana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaise kisI mahAna AtmA ke guNoM kA varNana kitanI bhI vizadatA se kiyA jAya phira bhI kucha guNa to avarNita raha hI jAyeMge / yahI avaktavyatA hai / (5) syAdasti avaktavya - vastu hai kintu avaktavya hai / ... (6) syAnnAsti avaktavya - vastu nahIM hai kintu avaktavya bhI hai (7) syAdastinAsti avaktavya - vastu hai bhI, nahIM bhI hai aura avaktavya hai / isako eka udAharaNa se samajhiye - par3hAI meM kamajora kisI chAtra kI saphalatA ke viSaya meM usake zikSaka se jAnakArI prApta kI jAya to sAta prakAra kI jijJAsAe~ ho sakatI haiM aura unake sAta prakAra ke hI uttara saMbhava hai / vaha zikSaka yahI uttara degA / (1) vaha vidyArthI parIkSA meM uttIrNa ho jAyegA (syAdasti) (2) uttIrNa nahIM hogA (syAnnAsti) (3) pahale se to usakI zikSA meM sudhAra hai, para itanA nahIM ki saphalatA kA vizvAsa kiyA jA sake / (syAdisti-nAsti) (4) saphalatA ke bAre meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA / (syAdavaktavya) (5) sudhAra to hai (asti) phira bhI kucha kaha nahIM sakate (avaktavya) (syAdasti-avaktavya) (6) abhI to sudhAra nahIM (nAsti) para bhaviSya ke bAre meM kucha kaha nahIM sakate (avaktavya) (syAnnAsti avaktavya) (7) sudhAra to hai (asti) parantu vizeSa sudhAra nahIM hai (nAsti) phira bhI parIkSA meM saphalatA ke bAre meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA (avaktavya) (syaadsti-naasti-avktvy)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya 1 : mokSamArga 77 sAmAnya jIvana ke udAharaNa se hI saptabhaMgI kA mahatva spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isake anya bhI aneka udAharaNa diye jA sakate hai| saptabhaMgI dhAmika kSetra meM to mahatvapUrNa hai hI vyAvahArika, kSetra meM bhI isakA bahuta mahatva hai / isake upayoga binA vyakti kA pArivArika, naitika, sAmAjika sabhI prakAra kA jIvana vizrRMkhalita ho jAyegA / isakA prabhAva itanA vyApaka hai ki sabhI dArzanikoM, vidvAnoM, manISiyoM yahA~ taka ki sAdhAraNa janatA ne bhI ise apanAyA / vidvAnoM ne vibhinna nAma dekara to jana-sAdhAraNa ne binA nAma diye hI ise jIvana vyavahAra meM svIkAra kiyA hai / isIlie to eka AcArya ne kahA hai - jeNa viNA logassa vi vavahAro savvahA na nivvaDai / tassa bhuvaNe kaguruNo Namo aNegantavAyassa / / - jisake binA loka vyavahAra suvidhApUrvaka nahIM cala sakatA, usa jagata ke ekamAtra guru anekAMtavAda ko namaskAra hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya adhyAya jIva vicAraNA (SOUL) upodghAta prathama adhyAya meM sAta tattvoM kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki ina tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna hI samyagdarzana aura yathArtha evaM vizada jJAna samyakjJAna hai / prathama adhyAya meM samyagdarzana tathA samyagjJAna (sAtha hI jJAnamithyAjJAna- sAmAnyajJAna) kA varNana karake svarUpa samajhA diyA gayA hai aba isa dUsare adhyAya se sAta tattvoM meM se prathama tattva 'jIva' kA varNana prArambha kiyA jA rahA hai / prastuta adhyAya meM jIvoM ke bhAva, jIvoM ke bheda - prabheda, indriyA~, maraNa ke samaya kI gati, jIva ke zarIra, janma grahaNa karane kI yoniyA~, liMga Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / Agamana vacana - chavvidhe bhAve paNNatte J odaie, uvasamite, khattite, khaovasamite, pAriNAmite, sannivAie / anuyoga dvAra, sUtra 233, sthAnAMga sthAna 6, sUtra 537 - bhagavatI, 14/17 bhAva chaha prakAra ke hote haiM - ( 1 ) audayika, (2) aupazamika, (3) kSAyika, (4) kSAyopazamika, (5) pAriNAmika aura (6) sannipAtika / jIva ke bhAva (pariNAma) aupazamika kSAyika bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayika - pAriNAmiko ca / 1 / (1) aupazamika, (2) kSAyika, (3) kSAyopazamika (mizra), (4) aura dayika aura (5) pAriNAmika - yaha pA~coM hI bhAva jIva ke svatattva haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 79 vivecana prastuta sUtra meM kathita pA~coM bhAva jIva ke apane hI nijatattva haiM / bhAva kA artha haiM, AtmA kI avasthA yA antaHkaraNa kI pariNati / isameM pA~ca prakAra se pA~ca bhAva kA varNana hai / - (1) aupazamika bhAva jisa prakAra malina jala meM nirmalI = phiTakarI Adi padArtha DAlane se usakI malinatA daba jAtI hai, nIce baiTha jAtI hai aura jala svaccha dikhAI dene lagatA hai, usI prakAra karmoM kA upazama (udaya na hone se) jIva ke pariNAmoM meM jo vizuddhi ho jAtI hai, ve aupazamika bhAva haiM / (2) kSAyika bhAva jIva ke yaha bhAva karma ke sarvathA kSaya ho jAne se hote haiM / karmoM ke kSaya se jIva ke pariNAma atyanta vizuddha aura nirmala hote haiM, sAtha hI yaha sadAkAla ke lie vaise hI bane rahate haiM, kyoMki pratipakSI karma kA sampUrNa kSaya athavA vinAza ho gayA to phira malinatA kaise AvegI ? (3) kSAyopazamika bhAva yaha karma ke kSayopazama se hote haiM / 'kSayopazama' zabda 'kSaya' aura 'upazama' ina do zabdoM kI sandhi se banA hai / isakA zAstrIya lakSaNa isa prakAra hai vartamAnakAla kI apekSA sarvaghAtI, karmoM, dalikoM kA udyAbhAvI kSaya ( jhar3a jAnA) tathA bhaviSyakAla kI apekSA sarvaghAtI karma dalikoM kA savasthArUpa upazama (rAkha se DhakI Aga kI bhA~ti sattA to meM raheM kintu unakA udayana ho) / isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jIva ke pariNAmoM kI zuddhAzuddha dazA rahatI hai yAnI kucha malinatA aura adhikAMza meM svacchatA, eka zabda meM mizrita dazA / isIlie sUtra meM kSAyopazamika bhAva ke lie mizra zabda diyA gayA hai / 'mizra' zabda bhAvoM kI dazAM kA spaSTa varNana karatA hai / -- - 11 (4) audayika bhAva dravya, kSetra, kAla bhAva ke nimitta se karma jo phala jIva ko vedana ( anubhava ) karAtA hai, vaha udaya hai aura karmoMdaya ke nimitta se honevAle jIva kA bhAva 'audayika bhAva' kahalAtA hai / - - (5) pAriNAmika bhAva jIva ke jina bhAvoM meM karma kI bilkula bhI apekSA nahIM hotI, jIva kI jo svataH pariNati hotI hai va pAriNAmika bhAva kahalAte haiM / - ye sabhI bhAva jIva ke jIvatva guNa (jisa guNa ke kAraNa jIva jIvita rahatA hai) kI apekSA se batAye gaye haiM / yadyapi jIva meM astitva, vastutva Adi aneka guNa haiM; kintu jIvatva guNa usakA asAdhAraNa guNa haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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vivecana -- aupazamika bhAva ke 80 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 1 yaha anya dravyoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA; isalie yahA~ jIva ke jIvatva guNa kI apekSA usake bhAvoM kA varNana huA hai / bhAvoM ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA - dvinavASTAdazaikaviMzatitribhedA yathAkramam / / 2 / (ukta pA~ca bhAvoM ke) anukrama se do, nau, aThAraha, ikkIsa aura tIna bheda haiM / vivecana - aupazamika bhAva ke do bheda haiM, kSAyika ke nau (nava), mizra (kSAyopazamika) ke aThAraha, audayika ke ikkIsa aura pAriNAmika bhAva ke tIna bheda haiM / yo kula bhAva 53 haiM / Agama vacana - uvasamie duvihe paNNatte taM jahAuvasame a uvasamanipphaNNe a... uvasamiyA sammattaladdhI uvasamiA carittaladdhI / - anuyoga dvAra sUtra 239, 241 aupazamika (bhAva) do prakAra kA hai, yathA - (1) upazama aura (2) upazamaniSpanna... upazamika samyaktva labdhi, upazamika cAritralabdhi / aupazamika bhAva ke bheda - samyaktva cAritre / 3 / aupazamika samyaktva aura aupazamika cAritra- ye do aupazamika bhAva haiN| vivecana - aupazamika samyaktva ke viSaya meM to vistRta vivecana prathama adhyAya ke cauthe sUtra 'tannisargAdhigamAdvA' ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai / kintu yahA~ aupazamika cAritra kA bhI ullekha sUtra meM huA hai / jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai samyaktva ke uparAnta hI cAritra hotA hai, yahA~ bhI vahI niyama hai / kahA bhI hai - samyagjJAnavataH karmAdAnahetu kriyoparamaH samyak cAritram / samyagjJAna ke uparAnta karmAdAna (karmoM ke Agamana) kI kriyA se uparata ho jAnA samyakcAritra hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 81 aupazamika samyaktva meM jisa prakAra darzanasaptaka kA upazama ho jAtA haiM; isI prakAra upazamacAritra meM bhI cAritramohanIya athavA kaSAya mohanIya (apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa-pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha) kA upazama ho jAtA hai / ina kaSAyoM ke upazamana hone se, daba jAne se AtmA ke pariNAma bahuta nirmala aura svaccha ho jAte haiM, usa jIva ko apane zuddhAtmA kA usa samaya rasAsvAdana hotA hai, zreNI car3hane para vaha zukladhyAna para bhI pahuMca jAtA h| kintu itanA saba hote hue bhI vaha jIva vItarAga kevalI nahIM bana pAtA, kaSAyoM kA udaya hote hI punaH usake pariNAma malina ho jAte haiM / phira bhI ye samyaktva aura cAritra AtmA ke nija bhAva to haiM hI / isI apekSA se prastuta sUtra meM inakA ullekha huA hai / Agama vacana - khaie duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-- khaie a khayanipphaNNe a / ... khINake valaNANAvaraNe.. khINake vala- daMsaNAvaraNe, khINadaMsaNamohaNijje khINacarittamohaNijje... ____khINadANaMtarAe khINalAbhaMtarAe khINabhogantarAe, khINauvabhogaMtarAe khINavIriyaMtarAe.... se taM khaie / anuyogadvAra, sUtra 42-44 (kSAyika (bhAva) do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- (1) kSAyika aura (2) kSayaniSpanna / kevalajJAnAvaraNa ko naSTa karane vAle ... kevaladarzanAvaraNa ko naSTa karanevAle, darzanamohanIya ko naSTa karane vAle, cAritramohanIya ko naSTa karane vAle .... dAnAMtarAya ko naSTa karane vAle, lAbhAMtarAya ko naSTa karane vAle, bhogAntarAya ko naSTa karane vAle, upabhogAntarAya ko naSTa karane vAle, vIryAntarAya ko naSTa karane vAle, isa prakAra kSAyika bhAva kA varNana kiyA gayA / ) vizeSa - mUla sUtra meM kSAyika aura kSayaniSpanna bhAvoM ke antargata AThoM karmo (uttara prakRtiyoM sahita). ke kSaya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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82 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 4 kSAyika bhAvoM ke bheda - jJAnadarzanadAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANi ca / / / . ( 1. jJAna, 2. darzana, 3. dAna, 4. lAbha, 5. bhoga, 6. upabhoga, 7. vIrya-yaha sAta bhAva tathA 'ca' zabda se saMketita pUrva sUtra meM ukta 8. samyaktva aura, 9. cAritra-yaha nau kSAyika bhAva haiM) vivecana - kSAyika bhAva sadA hI pratipakSI athavA pratibandhaka karma ke pUrNatayA niHzeSa arthAt kSaya hone para hote haiM / isa apekSA se yahAM jJAna, darzana Adi sabhI se pahale kSAyika zabda kA upayoga kara lenA cAhie, jaise kSAyika jJAna, kSAyika darzana Adi / . sUtra meM kahe hue Adi ke sAta bhAva kSAyika jJAna se lekara kSAyika vIrya taka jIva ko terahaveM guNasthAna meM prApta hote haiM, taba jabaki vaha jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAyakarma kA pUrNarUpa se kSaya kara cukA hotA hai / / kSAyika jJAna aura kSAyika darzana ko kevalajJAna tathA kevaladarzana bhI kahA jAtA hai / Agama pATha meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai / kintu kSAyika samyaktva kI upalabdhi darzanasaptaka ke sampUrNa kSaya se hotI hai / ataH kSAyika samyaktva cauthe guNasthAna se sAtaveM guNasthAna taka kisI bhI guNasthAna meM ho sakatA hai / kSAyika cAritra jIva ke sAtha lage hue cAritramohanIya karma ke sampUrNa kSaya se hI upalabdha hotA hai, ataH yaha bArahaveM guNasthAna ke upAntya samaya (antima kSaNa se eka kSaNa pahale) meM hI prApta ho pAtA hai, Age terahaveM guNasthAna meM to rahatA hI hai / isI(kSAyika cAritra ko yathAkhyAta athavA vItarAga cAritra bhI kahA jAtA hai) kSAyika dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya-ina pAMco- kI upalabdhi antarAya karma ke kSaya se hotI hai / yahAM vIrya kA abhiprAya jIva kI svayaM kI zakti se hai / ___ samyaktva aura cAritra cUMki aupazamika bhI hote haiM, aura kSAyika bhI; isIlie sUtra meM 'ca' zabda se inheM saMketita kara diyA gayA hai / pUrva sUtra meM yaha aupazamika bhAva ke antargata Aye haiM aura isa sUtra meM inakI saMyojanA kSAyika bhAvoM ke antargata kI gaI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 83 Agama vacana - khaovasamie duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-khaovasamie ya khaovasamanipphaNNe ya / khaovasamiA AbhiNibohiaNANaladdhI. jAva khaovasamiA maNapajjavaNANaladdhI / khaovasamiA maiaNNANaladdhI khaovasamiA sua-aNNANaladdhI khaovasamiA vibhaMgaNANaladdhI / khaovasamiA cakkhudaMsaNaladdhI acakkhudaMsaNaladdhI ohidaMsaNaladdhI evaM sammadaMsaNaladdhI ... | . khaovasamiA sAmAiyacarittaladdhI.... carittAcarittaladdhI khaovasamiA dANaladdhI evaM lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, khaovasamiA viiriyldgho| se taM khaovasamie / . anuyoga dvAra sUtra 242-247 (kSAyopazamika bhAva do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai 1. kSAyopazamika aura 2. kSayopazamaniSpanna / kSAyopazamika matijJAna se lagAkara zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna kSAyopazamika manaHparyAyajJAna taka / kSAyopazamika mati ajJAna labdhi, kSAyopazamika zruta ajJAna labdhi, kSAyopazamika avidhajJAna/vibhaMgajJAna labdhi / kSAyopazamika cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana, samyagdarzana labdhi / kSAyopazamika sAmAyika cAritralabdhi ... cAritrAcAritralabdhi (dezasaMyama), kSAyopazamika dAma, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya labdhi ... | isa prakAra kSAyopazamika bhAva kA varNana huA / mizra (kSAyopazamika) bhAvoM ke bheda - jJAnA'jJAnadarzanadAnAdilabdhayazcatusitratripaMcabhedA : samyaktvacAritrasaMyamAsaMyamAzca / 6 / jJAna - (1) matijJAna (2) zrutajJAna (3) avadhijJAna aura (4) manaHparyavajJAna / ajJAna - (5) matiajJAna (6) zrutaajJAna (7) vibhaMgajJAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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84 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 5 darzana - (8) cakSudarzana (9) acakSudarzana (10) avadhidarzana / dAnAdi - (11) dAna (12) lAbha (13) bhoga (14) upabhoga (15) vIrya / samyaktva - (16) kSAyopazamika samyaktva (17) cAritra aura (18) saMyamAsaMyama (dezasaMyama) . yaha 18 kSAyopazamika bhAva haiM / vivecana - kSAyopazamika bhAvoM kI upalabdhi karmoM ke kSayopazama se hotI haiM / kSayopazama meM kSaya aura upazama donoM hI haiM, ataH jIva kI bhAva dhArA mizrita athavA zuddhAzuddha hotI hai / adhika aMza meM zuddhatA aura kama aMza meM azuddhatA / . udAharaNArtha : dhatUre kI bIjoM ko khUba acchI taraha zuddha kiyA jAya to unakI mAraka, mUrcchita karane kI zakti kAphI sImA taka samApta ho jAtI hai; kintu phira bhI kucha zeSa raha jAtI hai, lekina yaha vizeSa kAryakArI nahIM hotI, isakA adhika prabhAva nahIM par3atA / isI taraha kSAyopazamika bhAvavAle jIva ko usake pratibandhaka tathA pratipakSI karma vizeSa hAni nahIM pahuMcA sakate / matijJAna se lekara samyaktva taka - ina solaha bhAvoM se pahale kSAyopazamika vizeSaNa lagA liyA jAtA hai / isa vizeSaNa se hI inakI vizeSatA prakaTa ho jAtI hai / (jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se cAra jJAna aura tIna ajJAna hote hai kintu mithyAtva-mizrita hone kI apekSA se ina tInoM ko ajJAna kahA jAtA hai / darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ke kSayopazama se 3 darzana tathA 5 dAnAdi labdhiyA~ prApta hotI haiM aura darzana-saptaka ke kSayopazama se kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana prApta hotA hai / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAyoM ke kSayopazama se cAritra aura apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se saMyamAsaMyama athavA dezacAritra kI upalabdhi hotI hai| dezacAritra zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata ke rUpa hai / Agama vacana - udaie duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-udae ya udayanipphaNNe ya / Neraie tirikkhajoNie maNusse deve kohakasAI jAva lohakasAI itthIvevae purisavedae napuMsagavedae kaNhalese jAva sukkalese micchAdiTThI avirae... aNNANI... asiddhe... For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 85 se taM udaie / - anuyogadvAra sUtra, 234, 237 (audayika (bhAva) do prakAra kA hotA hai, yathA (1) audayika aura (2) udayaniSpanna / nArakI, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva.. krodha, kaSAyI se lagAkara (mAna kaSAyI, mAyA kaSAyI) lobha kaSAyI, strIveda vAle, puruSaveda vAle, napuMsakaveda vAle, kRSNalezyA vAle le lagAkara, (nIla, kApota, tejo, padma lezyA vAle )zuklalezyAvAle taka, mithyAdRSTi.. avirata...ajJAnI... asiddha / yaha audayika bhAva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / audayika bhAvoM ke bheda - gatika SAyaliMgamithyAdarzanAjJAnAsaM yatA'siddhale zyAzcatuzcatu stryekai kai ke kaSaDbhedAH / 6 / gati- (1. manuSya 2. deva. 3. maraka 4. tiryaMca) kaSAya - (5. krodha, 6. mAna. 7. mAyA 8. lobha) liMga - (9. strIveda, 10. purUSaveda, 11. napuMsakaveda) (12) mithyAdarzana, (13) ajJAna (14) asaMyama (15) asiddhatva, lezyA - (16) kRSNa (17) bhIla (18) kApota (19) teja (20) padma (21) zukla - yaha 21 audayika bhAva hai / vivecana - yaha sabhI bhAva karma ke udaya se hote haiM, isalie audayika kahalate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie manuSyagati karma ke udaya se mAnava bhava prApta hotA hai / isI prakAra anya sabhI bhAvoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajha lenA cAhie yahA~ eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki lezyA nAma kA to koI karma hai hI nahIM, phira lezyArUpa pariNAma kaise hote haiM tathA inheM audayika bhAvoM meM kyoM ginA gayA ? isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? isa zaMkA ke samAdhAna ke lie pahale lezyA kA svarUpa samajha lenA jarUrI hai / yoga aura kaSAya ke nimitta se AtmA kI jo bhAva pariNati - vicAradhArA banatI hai vaha 'bhAva lezyA' kahalAtI hai / sAmAnya rUpa se lezyA kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai / jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - jogapauttIlessA kasAyaudayANuraMjiyA hoI / -go. jI. 486 ataH lezyA rUpa bhAvoM kA kAraNa paryApti nAma karma tathA kaSAyarUpa cAritramohanIya karma hai / isalie lezyA bhI audayika bhAva hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 6 dravya lezyA meM pudgala vipAkI zarIranAmakarma kA udaya nimitta par3atA hai, isa kAraNa dravya lezyA bhI audayika bhAva hai / / __prajJApanA (lezyA pada) meM isa viSaya ko aura bhI spaSTa kara diyA gayA h| jaM lessAiM davvAiM AdiaMti tallese pariNAme bhavati / / jIva jisa lezyA ke yogya dravya (karmadalika) ko grahaNa karatA hai, usake nimitta se usI rUpa usake (jIva ke) pariNAma (bhAva) ho jAte haiM / - ataH pariNAmoM ke anusAra bhAva lezyA bhI. zubha aura azubha do prakAra kI hai / kRSNa nIla, kApota azubha lezyA haiM aura tejo, padma tathA zuklaina tIna ko zubha lezyA kahA jAtA hai / / dUsarI jijJAsA 'asiddhatva' bhAva ke viSaya meM ho sakatI hai ki isa nAma kA koI karma na hone para bhI 'asiddhatva' ko audayika bhAva kyoM kahA gayA ? yaha ThIka hai ki 'asiddhatva' nAma kA koI karma nahIM hai; kintu jIva kA jo vAstavika siddhatva svabhAva hai use pragaTa na hone dene meM karma hI kAraNa hai / AThoM hI karmoM kA udaya jIva ko saMsAra meM roke rakhatA hai, use siddha nahIM hone detA, ataH AThoM karmoM kA udaya hI 'asiddhatva' bhAva kA kAraNa hai | ataH isa apekSA se asiddhatva bhI audayika bhAva hai / tIsarI jijJAsA yaha ho sakatI hai ki karmoM kI kula uttara prakRtiyA~ 148 haiM aura udaya yogya 122 prakRtiyA~ haiM taba audayika bhAva bhI 122 hone cAhie, 21 kyoM kahe gaye ? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki 'gati' bhAva meM Ayu, gotra, jAti, zarIra Adi kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, mithyAtva meM tInoM prakAra ke mithyAtva kA tathA kaSAya meM hAsyAdi nokaSAyoM kA-isa prakAra sabhI sambhava audayika bhAvoM kA ina 21 bhedoM meM samAveza ho jAtA hai / -------------- 1. AcAryoM ne vividhadRSTiyoM se 'lezyA' kI aneka paribhASAe~ kI haiM, kintu lezyA kI sarvamAnya tathA sarvathA saMgata koI eka paribhASA nizcita nahIM dI jA sakatI / jo paribhASA prApta haiM unameM adhikatama saMgata paribhASA yahI lagatI hai, ki lezyA na yoga hai, na kaSAya hai, kintu ina donoM ke saMyoga se janita AtmA kI tadanurUpa bhAva dhArA-bhAva lezyA hai / lezyA para vistArapUrNa vivecana dekheM-uttarAdhyayana sUtra (AgamasamitI) para prastAvanA upAcArya zrI devendra munijI, pR. 84 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Agama vacana - jIva-vicAraNA pariNAmie duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA sAipariNAma a aNAipariNAmae a 1 aNAipariNAmae... jIvatthikAe... bhavasiddhiA, abhavasiddhiA / se taM. aNAipariNAmie / anuyogadvAra, sUtra 248, 250 ( pAriNAmika bhAva do prakAra kA hai, yathA ( 1 ) AdipAriNAmika aura (2) anAdipAriNAmika ) 87 anAdipAriNAmika (1) jIvAstikAya (2) bhavyatva aura (2) abhvytv| `yaha anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva haiM / ) pAriNAmika bhAvoM ke bheda jIvabhavyAbhavyatvAdIni ca / 7 / jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva, yaha tIna pAriNAmika bhAva hai tathA anya bhI pAriNAmika bhAva haiM / vivecana sUtra meM 'ca' zabda se AcArya ne yaha dyotita kiyA hai ki jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva ke atirikta jIva ke aura bhI pAriNAmika bhAva haiM / kintu ina tIna kA spaSTa ullekha isalie kiyA hai ki yaha jIva ke asAdhAraNa bhAva hai, kisI bhI anya dravya meM nahI milate / - astitva, vastutva, pradezatva, pAriNAmitva Adi aura bhI jIva ke pAriNAmika bhAva hai, kintu yaha guNa anya sabhI dravyoM meM bhI milate haiM isIlie inakI ora 'AdIni ca' zabda se saMketa kara diyA hai / jIvatva kA abhiprAya hai jIvita rahanA, jisa pariNAma ke dvArA jIva tInoM kAloM meM sadA jIvita rahatA hai (siddhAvasthA meM jJAna - cAritra Adi bhAva pariNAmoM se aura saMsArAvasthA meM Ayu Adi dasa prANoM se) vaha jIvatva nAma kA pAriNAmika bhAva hai / bhavyatva kA abhiprAya hai, mokSa prApti kI yogyatA, isa pariNAma vAlA jIva mokSa jAne kI yogyatA rakhatA hai / abhavyatva kA abhiprAya hai mokSa prApti kI ayogyatA / jaise koraDU mUMga nahIM sIjhatA, isI prakAra kitanA bhI prayAsa karale kintu abhavya jIva mukta nahIM ho sakatA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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88 bhAva (tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra) For Personal & Private Use Only aupazamika 2 kSAyika 9 1. samyaktva 1. kevalajJAna 2. cAritra . 2. kevaladarzana . 3. dAnalabdhi 4. lAbhalabdhi 5. bhogalabdhi 6. upabhogalabdhi . 7. vIryalabdhi 8. kSAyikasamaktva 9. kSAyikacAritra kSAyopazamika 18 1. matijJAna 2. zrutajJAna 3. avadhijJAna 4. manaHparyAyajJAna 5. mati-ajJAna 6. zrutaajJAna 7. vibhaMgajJAna 8. cakSudarzana 9. acakSudarzana audayika bhAva 21 pAriNAmika bhAva 3 1. narakagati 1. jIvatva 2. tiryaMcagati 2. bhavyatva 3. manuSyagati 3. abhavyatva 4. devagati / 5. krodhakaSAya 6. mAnakaSAya 7. mAyAkaSAya 8. lobhakaSAya 9. strIveda tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtraM 7

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For Personal & Private Use Only 10. avadhidarzana 11. dAnalabdhi - 12. lAbhalabdhi 13. bhogalabdhi 14. upabhogalabdhi 15. vIryalabdhi 16. samyaktva 17. dezavirati cAritra 18. sarvavirati cAritra 10. puruSaveda 11. napuMsakaveda 12. kRSNalezyA 13. nIlalezyA 14. kApotalezyA 15. tejolezyA 16. padmalezyA 17. zuklalezyA 18. ajJAna 19. mithyAtva 20. asiddhatva 21. asaMyama jIva-vicAraNA 89

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90 bhAva vistAra (AdhAra-anuyogadvAra sUtra 136, ThANAMga 6,3,537 karmagrantha 4, gA. 64-69) chaha sAnnipAtika bhAva For Personal & Private Use Only dvika saMyogI bhaMga (10) trika saMyogI bhaMga (10) catuH saMyogI bhaMga (5) paMca saMyogI bhaMga (1) 1. audayika-kSAyika 1. audayika-aupa. kSAyika 1. audayika aupa. kSAyika-kSAyo. audayika-aupa. 2. audayika aupazamika 2. audayika-aupa. kSAyopa. 2. audayika-aupa. kSAyika-pAriNA. kSAyika-kSAyopa. 3. audayika-kSAyopazamika 3. audayika-aupa.-pAriNA. 3. audayika-aupa. kSAyo.-pAriNA. pAriNAmika 4. audayika pAriNA. 4. audayika-kSAyika.-kSAyopa. 4. audayika-kSAyika.kSAyopa-pAriNA. .. 5. aupazamika-kSAyika 5. audayika-kSAyika-pAriNA. 5.aupaza.-kSAyika-kSAyopa.-pAriNA.. 6. aupa.-kSAyopa. 6. audayaki-kSAyopa-pAriNA. 7. aupaza.-pAriNAmika 7. aupa.-kSAyika.-kSAyopa. 8. kSAyika-kSAyopa. 8.aupa.-kSAyika-kSAyopa. 9. kSAyika-pAriNAmika 9. aupa.-kSAyopa. pAriNA. 10. kSAyopa.-pAriNA. 10. kSAyika-kSAyopa-pAriNA. tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 7 /

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jIva-vicAraNA 91 ina tInoM bhAvoM meM bAhara kA koI bhI nimitta nahIM par3atA, ye jIva ke svAbhAvika bhAva haiM; isIlie inheM pAriNAmika bhAva kahA gayA hai / (cArTa peja 88-89-90 para diye haiM / ) / Agama vacana - uvaogalakkhaNe jIve / - bhagavatIsUtra, za. 2, uddezaka 10 jIvo uvaogalakkhaNo / - uttarA. 28/10 (jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai|) jIva kA lakSaNa - upayogo lakSaNam / 8 / (jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai / ) vivecana - lakSaNa dvArA kisI bhI vastu ko anya vastuoM se alaga karake pahacAnA jA sakatA hai, yahI lakSaNa hI vizeSatA hai / lakSaNa ke do bheda haiM - (1) AtmabhUta aura (2) anAtmabhUta / AtmabhUta lakSaNa vastu ke andara hI hotA hai aura anAtmabhUta vastu ke bAhara rahakara usake sAtha-sAtha calatA hai; jaise-saMsArI jIva kA lakSaNa zarIra ha / zarIra, AtmA se bAhya hote hue bhI sadaiva usake sAtha-sAtha rahatA hai / kintu 'upayoga' jIva kA AtmabhUta lakSaNa hai / yaha saMsArI aura siddha donoM hI dazAoM meM rahatA hai / jIva kA yaha lakSaNa trikAla meM bhI bAdhita nahIM ho sakatA aura asaMbhava, avyApti, ativyApti Adi doSoM se rahita, pUrNa nirdoSa hai / bodha jJAna, cetanA, saMvedana ye sabhI upayoga ke paryAyavAcI zabda hai / Agama vacana - duvihe uvaoge paNNatte-sAgArovaoge, aNAgArovaoge ya / sAgArovaoge aThavihe paNNatte / ...... aNAgArova oge cauvihe paNNatte / prajJApanA sUtra pada 29 (upayoga do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai - (1) sAkAra upayoga (2) anAkAra upayoga / sAkAra upayoga 8 prakAra kA hai, / anAkAra upayoga cAra prakAra kA hai / ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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92 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtraM 6 upayoga ke bheda - ___ sa dvividho'STacaturbheda : / 9 / vaha (upayoga) do prakAra kA hai aura inake (ina donoM prakAroM ke) ATha tathA cAra bheda hai / vivecana - upayoga ke do mUla bheda haiM - (1) sAkAra upayoga aura (2) anAkAra upayoga / sAkAra (vizeSa) upayoga jJAna kA hotA hai ataH ise jJAnopayoga bhI kahate haiM tathA darzana (sAmAnya) anAkAra hone se isakA upayoga bhI anAkAra hI hotA hai ataH anAkAropayoga ko darzanopayoga bhI kahA jAtA hai / / cU~ki jJAna ATha prakAra kA hotA hai, ataH jJAnopayoga bhI ATha prakAra kA hai - (1) matijJAna (2) zrutajJAna (3) avadhijJAna (4) manaHparyavajJAna (5) kevalajJAna (6) matiajJAna (7) zrutaajJAna (8) vibhaMga (kuavadhiM) jJAna ina ATha prakAra ke jJAnoM me se AtmA jaba jisa upayoga meM jAnane kI kriyA karatA hai taba usakA upayoga bhI usI prakAra kA ho jAtA hai / ___darzana cAra prakAra kA hai - (1) cakSudarzana (2) acakSudarzana (3) avadhidarzana (4) kevaladarzana / ina darzanoM meM jaba AtmA kI cetanA athavA upayoga-dhArA pravAhita hotI hai, taba vaha upayoga bhI ina darzanoM ke kAraNa cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai / isI apekSA se cAra prakAra ke darzanopayoga kahe gaye haiM / ___ darzana guNa kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha vastu ke sAmAnya rUpa ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - sAmAnyasattAvalokanam drshn| yaha vastu ke AkAra Adi ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, isI lie darzanopayoga ko anAkAra athavA nirAkAra upayoga kahA gayA hai / jJAna vizeSa aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai, AkAra Adi kA bhI pratyakSa karatA hai / isI kAraNa isase sAkAropayoga kahA gayA hai / Agama vacana - duvihA savvajIvA paNNattA - siddhA ceva asiddhA ceva / sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 101 saMsArasamAvannagA ceva asaMsArasamAvannagA ceva / sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 93 (sabhI jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM - siddha aura asiddha athavA saMsArI aura asaMsArI / ) jIvoM ke mUla prakAra saMsAriNo muktAzca / 10 / (ve jIva) saMsArI aura mukta-do prakAra ke haiM / vivecana karmoM ke baMdhana meM par3e hue, unake vazIbhUta hue jo jIva janma-maraNa karate hue, isa cAra gati rUpa saMsAra meM saMsaraNa - paribhramaNa karate haiM, ve jIva saMsArI haiM / aura jo karmoM se rahita janma-maraNa ke bandhanoM se mukta hokara avicala, avinAzI, sukha meM lIna haiM, ve siddha jIva haiM / 1 saMsAra kI vicAraNA do prakAra se kI jAtI hai - (1) dravya aura (2) bhAva athavA (1) anataraMga tathA (2) bAhya bAhya saMsAra to cAra gati ( naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva) rUpa hai, jinameM saMsArI jIva bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / kintu isa bAhya saMsAra kA kAraNa hai rAga-dveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha rUpa antaraMga saMsAra / jaba taka antaraMga saMsAra kA - moha, rAga-dveSa Adi kA nAza nahIM hotA taba taka bAhya saMsAra kA bhI nAza nahIM hotA aura jIva saMsArI hI banA rahatA hai / ina donoM prakAra ke saMsAra ke nAza hone para hI jIva mukta athavA siddha ho pAtA hai / Agama vacana du vihAneraiyA paNNattA sannI ceva asannI ceva / evaM paMcindiyA savve vigalindiyavajjA jAva vANamaMtarA vemANiyA - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 79 ( nAraka do prakAra ke hote haiM (1) saMjJI aura (2) asaMjJI / isI prakAra vikalendriya (dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya) ke atirikta vyantara aura vaimAnika taka sabhI paMcendriyoM (manuSya aura tiryaca sahita) ke saMjJI aura asaMjJI - do bheda hote haiM / ) - For Personal & Private Use Only

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94 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 11-12 saMsArI jIvoM ke prakAra - samanaskA'manaskAH / 1 // (saMsArI jIva) manasahita aura manarahita-do prakAra ke hote haiM / vivecana - mana kA kArya hai-vicAra karanA, UhApoha karanA Adi / jina jIvoM meM yaha zakti hotI hai, unheM mana sahita athavA samanaska jIva kahA jAtA hai aura jinameM yaha zakti nahIM hotI ve manarahita kahalAte haiM / yahA~ jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki kyA manarahita jIvoM ke koI bhAva yA adhyavasAya Adi bhI nahIM hotA ? isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki unake kevala bhAva-mana hotA hai, dravya-mana nahIM hotA / aura dravya-mana ke binA bhAva-mana cintana, saMkalpa Adi kriyAoM ko karane meM sakSama nahIM ho pAtA / / ise eka udAharaNa se samajheM / eka vyakti hai / kisI eksIDeMTa yA kisI anya kAraNavaza, usake hAtha meM yA pA~va meM athavA vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa hI, hAtha-pA~va meM azaktatA A gaI, koI 'nasa yA raktavAhinI zirA nAr3I meM kucha vikAra A gayA, rakta saMcaraNa sahI rUpa meM nahIM ho rahA hai; to vaha vyakti na hAtha se kucha kAma kara sakatA hai, na bojhA hI uThA sakatA hai aura na apane pA~va se cala hI sakatA hai / hA~, lakar3I ke sahAre cala letA hai / isI prakAra bhAva-mana ko jaba dravya-mana kA sahayoga prApta ho jAtA hai, taba vaha kArya kara pAtA hai, anyathA azakta sA raha jAtA hai, apane kAryo kI abhivyakti nahIM kara pAtA / / manasahita aura manarahita-yaha donoM bheda dravyamana kI apekSA se haiM / Agama vacana - saMsArasamAvannagA tase ceva thAvarA ceva / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 57 (saMsArI jIvoM ke do bheda haiM - (1) trasa aura (2) sthaavr|) anya apekSA se saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda saMsAriNastrasasthAvarAH / 12 / saMsArI jIvoM ke do prakAra haiM - (1) trasa aura (2) sthAvara For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 95 vivecana - trasa aura sthAvara zabdoM kA yadi nirukta kI dRSTi se artha kiyA jAya to calane-phirane vAle jIva trasa haiM aura eka sthAna para sthira rahane vAle sthAvara / jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - trasyatIti trasAH, sthAnazIlA: sthAvarAH / ina donoM trasa aura sthAvara zabdoM kA anubhUti kI apekSA se bhI artha kiyA jAtA hai / isa viSaya meM siddhasenagaNI ne isa sUtra kI TIkA meM kahA hai parispaSTasukhaduHkhecchAdveSAdiliMgAstrasanAmakarmodayAt sAH / aparisphuTasukhAdiliMgAH sthAvaranAmakarmodayAt sthAvarAH / -trasanAmakarma ke udaya se jina jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha, icchA, dveSa Adi spaSTa dikhAI dete hoM, ve trasa jIva haiM aura sthAvara nAmakarma ke udeya se jina jIvoM ke yaha bhAva (cinha-sukha-duHkha Adi) spaSTa na dikhAI dete hoM, ve jIva sthAvara haiM / jo jIva eka sthAna para avasthita rahate haiM tathA kisI bhI kAyika ceSTA athavA saMketa dvArA sukha-duHkha virodha ko spaSTa rUpa se vyakta nahIM kara pAte ve sthAvara haiM / isake viparIta trasa jIva calate-phirate haiM, eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko gamana karate haiM tathA sukha-dukhaH virodha Adi ko spaSTa abhivyakta karate Agama vacana -. paMcathAvarakAyA paNNattA iMde thAvarakAye (puDhavIthAvarakAye) baMbhe thAvarakAe (AUthAvarakAe) sippethAvarakAe (teUtAvarakAe) sammatI thAvarakAe (vAUthAvarakAe) pAyAvacce thAvarakAe (vaNassaithAvarakAe) / sthAnAMga, sthAna 5, u. 1, sUtra 394 orAlA tasA pANA cauvvihA paNNattA, taM jahA-beiMdiyA, teiMdiyA cauriMdiyA paMcendiyA / - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti 1, sUtra 27 (sthAvarakAya ke pA~ca bheda hote haiM - (1) pRthvIsthAvarakAya (2) jalasthAvarakAya (3) agnisthAvarakAya (4) vAyusthAvarakAya aura (5) vanaspatisthAvarakAya / For Personal & Private Use Only

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96 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 13 - 14 bAdara trasa jIva cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM (2) trIndriya (3) caturindriya aura (4) paMcendriya) trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ke bheda pRthivyaptejo vAyu vanaspatayaH sthAvarA' : / 13 / dvIndriyAdayastrasA: / 14 / (1) pRthivIkAyika (2) ap (jala) kAyika (3) tejaskAyika (4) vAyukAyika aura (5) vanaspatikAyika yaha pA~co prakAra ke jIva sthAvara haiM / - dvIndriyAdika (1) do indriya vAle, (2) tIna iMndriya vAle (3) cAra indriya vAle aura (4) pA~ca indriya vAle - yaha cAroM prakAra ke jIva trasa ha / vivecana trasa aura sthAvara ke lakSaNa sUtra 12 kI vivecanA meM batAye jA cuke haiM aura prastuta donoM sUtroM meM trasakAyika aura sthAvarakAyika jIvoM ke bheda batAye gaye haiM / - (1) dvIndriya trasa kA artha gati yA gamana karane vAle jIvoM se hai aura sthAvara kA abhiprAya eka sthAna para sthira rahane vAle jIvoM se jAnA jAtA haiM; kintu yaha vyAkhyA sthUla dRSTi se haiM / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki apanI hita buddhi se gamana karanA trasatva hai to vRkSoM meM bhI aisI gati dekhI jAtI hai / yadi jar3a ke mArga meM bhUmi ke andara koI patthara A jAtA hai to ve mur3a jAtI hai; usI ora gati karatI haiM, jidhara bhUmi mulAyama ho aura namI Adi inheM milatI raheM / 1- 2. kucha pratiyoM meM yaha donoM sUtra isa prakAra bhI milate haiM - 'pRthivyambuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH / 13 / tathA 'tejovAyu dvIndriyAdazca trasAH / 14 / ' arthAt ina sUtroM meM teja (agni) kAyika aura vAyukAyika jIvoM kI gaNanA trasakAya jIvoM meM kI gaI haiM . kintu hamane ukta mUla pATha svIkAra kiyA jisameM agnikAyika aura vAyukAyika jIvoM kI gaNanA sthAvarakAya me kI gaI hai / isake do kAraNa haiM prathama to yaha AgamaM ke anusAra hai / (sthAnAMga aura jIvAbhigama-donoM AgamoM meM pA~ca prakAra ke sthAvara aura cAra prakAra ke trasoM kA varNana milatA hai / dUsare tattvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAra siddhasenagaNI ne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai ki sthAvaranAmakarma ke udaya ke kAraNa 'pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sarve sthAvarA eva' yAnI yaha sabhI sthAvara hI haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only -

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jIva-vicAraNA 97 phira vRkSa kI gati sabhI dizAoM meM hotI hai, vaha jar3a ke rUpa meM nIce kI ora bar3hatA hai, tane ke rUpa meM Upara kI ora aura zAkhAoM, TahaniyoM Adi ke rUpa meM AThoM tiryak dizAoM meM gati karatA haiM, bar3hatA hai apanA AkAra-prakAra phailAtA hai / sukha-duHkha-bhaya Adi kI spaSTa abhivyakti lAjavantI tathA chuI-muI ke paudhoM meM dekhI jAtI hai / mAnava kI chAyA mAtra se yaha paudhe saMkucita ho jAte haiM; bhaya ke kAraNa sikur3a jAte haiM, yaha bhI gati haiM / sUrajamukhI (daffodil) kA puSpa sUrya kI gati ke anusAra dizA badalatA rahatA hai / prAtaHkAla pUrvAbhimukha hotA hai to sAyaMkAla pazcimAbhimukha pazcimAbhimukha ho jAtA hai / kamalinI Adi ke aise hI aneka dRSTAnta diye jA sakate haiM / isI prakAra vAyu ke sambandha meM bhI bahuta se udAharaNa haiM / / isa tathya ko tattvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAra siddhasenagaNI bhI bhalI-bhA~ti jAnate the, isI kAraNa unhoMne isa sUtroM kI TIkA meM kahA 'ataH kriyAM prApya tejovAyyostrasatvaM ... labdhyA pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sarve sthAvaranAmakarmodayAt sthAvarA eva / . kriyA-gatizIlatA ke kAraNa teja aura vAyu ko trasa kahA jAtA hai kintu labdhi ke anusAra sthAvaranAmakarma ke udaya se pRthvI, jala, tejas, vAyu aura vanaspatikAyika - yaha sabhI sthAvara hI haiM / isIlie tejas aura vAyukAyika jIvoM ko gati trasa kahA gayA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha donoM prakAra ke jIva upacAra mAtra se (gati kI apekSA) trasa mAne gaye haiM / .. sthAvarakAya ke pA~coM bhedoM meM jo pRthivIkAyika zabda haiM usameM kAya kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jina jIvoM kA audArika zarIra hI pRthvI hai, ve pRthivIkAyika haiM / isI prakAra anya cAroM sthAvara jIvoM meM bAre meM bhI samajha lenA cAhie / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki pRthivI, jala, Adi ke Azraya meM rahane vAle jIva pRthivIkAyika athavA jalakAyika jIva Adi nahIM haiM, ve to spaSTa hI trasakAyika hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 15 udAharaNArtha Adhunika vijJAna ne zuddha jala kI eka bUMda' meM 36450 calate-phirate jIva zaktizAlI dUravIkSaNa yantra se dekha lie haiM / ye sabhI jIva trasakAyika haiM, jala to sirpha unakA Azrayasthala hai / ___ isIlie to jaina dharma meM kacce pAnI ko sacitta yAnI jIva sahita batAkara acitta jala ke upayoga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / Agama vacana - goyamA ! paMcendiyA paNNattA / - prajJApanA sUtra, indriya pada, u. 1, sU. 191 (gautama ! indriyA~ pA~ca kahI gaI haiM / -) indriyoM kI saMkhyA - paMcendriyANi / 15 / indriyA~ pAMca haiM / vivecana - prastuta sUtra niyAmaka hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki indriyA~ pA~ca hI hotI haiM; na kama, na adhika / ___ yahA~ yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki kahIM-kahIM dasa indriyAM bhI batAI gaI haiM ,vaha kaise ? . isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki sAMkhya Adi darzanakAroM ke 10 indriyA~ batAI haiM / unhoMne indriyoM ke do bheda kiye haiM - 5 jJAnendriya aura 5 karmendriya / pazcimI vidvAnoM ne bhI isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / ve bhI 10 indriyA~ mAnate haiM / jJAnendriyoM ko ve (sense organs) kahate haiM aura karmendriyo ko (activity organs) | pA~ca jJAnendriya to sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura karNa (zrotra) haiM hI, kintu ina logoM ne vAk (bolI) ,pANi (hAtha), pAda (paira), pAyu (gudA) aura upastha (jananendriya) inako karmendriya kahA hai / kintu vicAra kiyA jAya to inakA antarbhAva sparzana Adi indriyoM meM hI ho jAtA hai- jaise vAk kA rasanA (sparzana sahita, kyoMki vAk nalI (Vocal cord) kaNTha, tAlU Adi bolane meM sahAyaka avayava sparzana indriya hai) aura zeSa cAra kA sparzana indriya meM samAveza ho hI jAtA hai| 1. snigdha padArtha vijJAna, ilAhAbAda gavarnameMTa presa, kaipTana skorsa, dvArA sUkSmadarzaka yantra se liyA gayA citra / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 99 indriya kA lakSaNa - AtmA athavA jIva ko indra kahA jAtA hai aura usake jo cinha haiM, ve indiyA~ kahalAtI haiM / ina cinhoM athavA indriyoM se saMsArI jIva kI pahacAna hotI hai, kyoMki koI bhI saMsArI jIva indriyoM se rahita nahIM hai / eka se lekara pA~ca taka indriyA~ sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke hotI haiM / Agama vacana - indiyA...duvihA paNNattA---davviMdiyA ya bhAviMdiyA / - prajJApanA pada 15, u. 1, (indriyA~ do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai - (1) dravyendriya (2) bhAvendriya indriyoM ke bheda - dvividhAni / 16 / pratyeka indriya do-do prakAra kI hai / vivecana - yaha sabhI (pA~coM) indriyoM ke do-do bheda haiM / arthAta pratyeka indriya do prakAra kI hai - (1) dravyendriya aura (2) bhAvendriya / Agama vacana - goyamA ! paMcavihe iMdiyauvacae paNNatte goyamA ! paMcavihA iMdiyaNivattaNA paNNattA - prajJApanA pada 15, u. 2 (gautama ! indriyopacaya (upakaraNa) pA~ca prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / gautama! indriyanirvartanA pA~ca prakAra kahI gaI haiM / ) dravyendriyoM ke bheda - nivRttyupakaraNe draveyandriyam / 17 / dravyendriya ke do bheda haiM - (1) nirvRtti aura (2) upakaraNa . vivecana - nivRtti racanA ko kahA jAtA hai| nirmANanAmakarma aura aMgopAMganAmakarma ke nimitta se zarIra pudgaloM kI racanA nirvRtti haiM / arthAt zarIra meM dikhAI dene vAlI indriyoM sambandhI pudagaloM kI viziSTa racanA nirvRtti hai / yaha eka prakAra se jharokhA hai, jisake mAdhyama se jIva bAhya-jagata kA jJAna prApta karatA hai / upakaraNa isa bAhya jJAna meM sahAyaka hotA hai, tathA nirvRtti rUpa racanA ko hAni nahIM pahuMcane detA / . For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 16-19 nirvRtti aura upakaraNa - donoM ke ho do-do bheda hote haiM - (1) Antarika aura (2) baahy| udAharaNa ke lie netra indriya ko leM / cakSu indriyAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazama se Atma-pradezoM kA cakSuindriya ke AkAra meM bananA, yaha Antarika nirvRtti hai aura usa yogya (dekhane yogya) pudgaloM kI racanA bAhya nirvRtti h| A~kha meM jo kAlI putalI (Retina) tathA isake cAroM ora saphedI hai vaha Antarika upakaraNa hai tathA palaka, baraunI Adi bAhya upakaraNa hai / isI prakAra Antarika bAhya nirvRtti tathA upakaraNa - cAroM bhedoM ko anya indriyoM meM bhI ghaTita kara lenA cAhie / Agama vacana - goyamA ! paMcavihA indiyaladdhI paNNattA goyamA ! paMcavihA iMdiyauvagaddhA paNNattA prajJApanA, idriyapada 15, u. 2 (gautama ! indriyalabdhi pA~ca prakAra kI batAyI gayI hai / gautama ! indriya upayoga pA~ca prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai / ) . bhAvendriyo ke bheda - labdhyupayogau bhAvendriyam / 18 / upayoga : sparzAdiSu / 19 / bhAvendriya ke do bheda haiM - (1) labdhi aura (2) upayoga; tathA upayoga sparza Adi viSayoM meM hotA hai / vivecana - labdhi kA abhiprAya zakti-prApti se hai / sparzana Adi indriyAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazama se jIva kI jo zakti anAvRta hotI hai, vaha labdhi hai tathA usa labdhi arthAt prApta zakti/kSamatA dvArA jo jAnane kI kriyA hotI hai, vaha upayoga kahalAtA hai / nirvRtti aura upakaraNa ke do-do bhedoM ke samAna labdhi aura upayoga ke bhI Antarika tathA bAhya kI apekSA se do-do prakAra hote haiM / upayoga athavA jAnane kI kriyA sparza Adi meM pravRtta hotI hai / yaha pravRtti do prakAra kI hotI hai - (1) jAnanA, (2) vedana athavA anubhava krnaa| anubhava sukhaHduHkha Adi kA hotA hai aura jAnanA pustaka Adi dravyoM kaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 101 indriyoM kI apekSA labdhi aura upayoga ke Agama meM pA~ca bheda bhI batAye gaye haiM / isI prakAra nirvRtti aura upakaraNa ke bhI pA~ca bheda haiM / Agama vacana - soindie, cakkhiM die ghANindie jiDibhandie phAsindie / prajJApanA, indriya pada 15 paMcaiMdiyatthA paNNattA, taM jahA-soindie jAva phAsindie / __ sthAnAMga, sthAna, 5 sUtra 443 (indriyA~ pA~ca hotI hai) (1) zrotra indriya, (2) cakSuindriya, (3) ghrANaindriya, (4) rasanA indriya aura (5) sparzana indriya / (pAMcoM indriyoM ke pAMca viSaya hote haiM-yathA zrotra indriya ke viSaya (zabda) se lagAkara (cakSuindriya kA viSaya (rUpa), ghrANendriya kA viSaya gandha), rasanA indriya kA viSaya (rasa) aura) sparzana indriya kA viSaya sparza) taka / ) pAMca indriyoM ke nAma aura unake viSaya - sparzanarasanaghrANacakSuHzrotrANi / 20 / sparzarasagandhavarNazabdAsteSAm arthAH / 21 / 1. sparzana, 2. rasanA, 3. ghrANa, 4. cakSu aura 5. zrotra - yaha pA~ca indriyAM haiM / 1. sparza (chUnA), 2. rasa (svAda), 3. gandha, 4. rUpa aura 5. zabda - yaha (krama se ) (uparokta) indriyoM ke viSaya hai / / - vivecana - prastuta do sUtroM meM pAMcoM indriyoM ke nAma aura unake viSaya batAye gaye haiM .. yadyapi sUtra meM pAMca indriyoM ke pAMca hI viSaya batAye haiM; kintu vistAra kI apekSA ina pAMca indriyoM ke 23 viSaya hote haiM / vaha isa prakAra - sparzana ke 8 viSaya - 1. zIta, 2 uSNa, 3. rUkhA, 4. cikanA, 5. kaThora, 6. komala, 7. halkA, 8. bhArI / __ rasanA ke 5 viSaya - 1. tIkhA, 2 kar3avA, 3. kaSAyalA, 4. khaTTA aura 5. mIThA / ghrANa ke 2 viSaya - 1. suribhagandha (sugandha, khUzabU) aura 2. durgndh| For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 20-22 cakSu ke 5 viSaya - 1. zveta, 2. pIta, 3. nIlA, 4. lAla, 5. kAlA zrotra ke 3 viSaya - 1. jIva zabda, 2. ajIva zabda. 3 mizra zabda isa prakAra yaha pAMco indriyAM apane-apane viSayoM ko grahaNa karatI haiM / kintu itanI vizeSatA hai ki koI bhI indriya kisI dUsarI indriya ke viSaya ko grahaNa nahIM karatI / jaise - kAna dekha nahIM sakate, AMkheM suna nahIM sakatI Agama vacana - suNei ttisuaM - nandI sUtra, 24 (jisako sunA jAve vaha zruta (bhAvazruta) hai / ) mana kA viSaya - . zrutamanindriyasya / 22 / zruta (bhAvazruta) mana kA viSaya hai / vivecana - zruta zabda yahAM kevala 'sunane ke lie nahIM prayukta huA hai / sunanA kAma to zrotra athavA karNa indriya kA hai / yahAM 'zruta' kA abhiprAya hai zrutajJAna / zrutajJAna ke prasaMga meM pahale aMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya Adi kI carcA A cukI hai, usI bhAvazruta se yahAM abhiprAya hai / udAharaNa ke lie 'dharma' zabda kAnoM meM paDA, aba dharma ke jitane bhI artha aura rUpa haiM, ve ekadama mastiSka meM A gaye; zrutadharma, cAritradharma, gRhasthadharma, mAnavadharma, grAma dharma, Adi-Adi / yaha sampUrNa manana kriyA mana ke dvArA huii| isI apekSA se zruta ko mana kA viSaya batAyA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki indriyoM kA jJAna to parimita hai, sImita hai, phira usameM avarodha bhI A sakate haiM; jaise-amuka dUrI se kama yA adhika dUra kI vastue~ A~kha nahIM dekha sakatIM athavA kAna amuka phrIkvensI sImA se kama yA adhika ke zabda nahIM suna sakate-ati manda aura atyadhika uccazabda ko grahaNa nahI kara sakate; phira bIca meM paradA Adi A gayA to bhI A~khoM ko dikhAI denA banda ho jAtA hai yA bIca meM koI dUsarI lahara (wave) A gaI to zabda kI gati ruka jAtI hai / kintu mana kI gati nirbAdha hai, asImita hai, aparimita hai / amarIkA zabda sunate hI mana vahA~ke- amarIkA ke bAjAroM meM vicaraNa karane lagatA h| ina sabhI bAtoM kI apekSA se zruta ko mana kA viSaya batAyA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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. jIva-vicAraNA 103 yahA~ AcArya kA zabda-cayana kauzala darzanIya hai / unhoMne zabda ko zrotra indriya kA viSaya batAyA, jisakA abhiprAya sirpha sunanA mAtra hai aura zruta (athavA zrutajJAna-bhAvazruta) ko mana kA viSaya batAyA, jo vicAra aura cintanarUpa hai, zabda se bhAva kI ora prayANa karanA hai / Agama vacana - egindiyasaMsArasamAvaNNajIvapaNNavaNNA paMcavihA paNNattA, taM jahA- puDhavIkAiyA AUkAiyA teUkAiyA vAukAiyA vaNassaikAiyA ...... ki miyA-pipIliyA-bhamarA-maNussA - prajJApanA sUtra, prathama pada (ekendriya saMsAra samApanna jIva pA~ca prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM, yathA(1) pRthivIkAyika, (2) jalakAyika, (3) agnikAyika, (4) vAyukAyika aura (5) vanaspatikAyika / kRmi (kIr3A-laTa Adi), pipIlikA (cIMTI) bhramara (bhauMrA), manuSya- (inake krama se eka-eka indriya kI vRddhi hotI hai / indriyoM ke svAmI - vanaspatyantAnAme kam' / 23 / ... kRmi - pipIlikA-bhramaramanuSyAdInAmekai kavRddhAni / 24 / 1. kucha pratiyoM meM 'vAyvAntAmekam' yaha sUtra bhI milatA hai / isameM hetu yaha hai ki inhoMne 13 veM aura 14 veM sUtra kA pATha 'pRthivyambuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH tathA tejovAyU dvIndriyAdayazcatrasAH / 14 yaha mAnA hai / taba ekendriya jIvoM ko batAne ke lie 'vAyvAntAmekam' yaha sUtra kahanA hI cAhie, kyoMki pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni aura vanaspati yaha pA~co ekendriya jIva haiM / kintu hamane jo mUla pATha 'vanaspatyantAnAmekam' svIkAra kiyA hai usakA prathama kAraNa to Agama kA anusaraNa hai hI, kyoMki prajJApanA meM isI krama se pATha AtA hai / aura dusarA kAraNa yaha hai ki hamane 13 veM sUtra kA mUla pATha pRthivyatejo vAyuvanaspataya: sthAvarA: / 13 / yaha svIkAra kiyA hai / isa sandarbha meM yaha pATha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / -sampAdaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtraM 23-24 vanaspatikAya taka ke jIvoM ke eka indriya hotI haiM / kRmi (kIr3A-laTa), cITI, bhramara, manuSya meM krama se eka-eka indriya adhika hotI hai| vivecana - vanaspatikAya taka kA artha hai - pRthvIkAya se lekara vanaspatikAya taka / arthAt pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke eka indriya hotI hai / yaha eka indriya gaNanA krama ke anusAra prathamasparzana nAma kI indriya hai / / pRthvIkAya se lekara vanaspatikAya taka ke saba jIvoM meM mAtra eka sparzana indriya hotI hai, isIlie yaha sabhI ekendriya jIva kahalAte haiM / bheda vivikSA se inake sUkSma aura bAdara do bheda hote haiM tathA vanaspatikAya ke pratyekazarIrI aura sAdhAraNazarIrI ye do bheda aura hote haiM sUkSma kA abhiprAya hai atyanta choTA; jo jIva na to svayaM kisI ko bAdhA pahuMcAte haiM aura na anya jIva inheM koI bAdhA pahuMcA sakate haiM; kintu bAdara jIva bAdhA pahuMcAte bhI haiM aura anyoM se bAdhita hote bhI haiM / bAdara jIvoM ke zarIra cakSu grAhya hote haiM / ' pratyekazarIra kA abhiprAya hai jisa zarIra meM eka hI jIva rahe aura eka sAdhAraNa zarIra meM vanaspati ke ananta jIva rahate haiM, isI apekSA se pyAja Adi vanaspatiyA~ anantakAyika piNDa kahalAtI haiM / / laTa ke (sparzana, rasanA) do indriyA~ haiM, cIMTI ke tIna indriyA~ (sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa), bhramara ke cAra (sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu) aura manuSya ke pA~coM indriyA (sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra) haiM ataH yaha jIva kramazaH beindriya, teindriya, caurindriya, paMcendriya hote haiM / manuSya ke atirikta samasta nAraka aura deva bhI paMcendriya hI hote h| tiryacoM me gAya, baila, ghor3A, hAthI Adi bhI paMcendriya va jIva haiM, isI prakAra cir3iyA, kabUtara Adi AkAza meM ur3ane vAle (khecara) pakSI tathA magara, matsya Adi jalacara jIva bhI paMcendriya hai / Agama vacana - jassa NaM atthi IhA, avoho, maggaNA, gavesaNA, ciMtA vImaMsA se NaM saNNIti labbhai / jassa NaM natthi IhA avoho maggaNA gavesaNA ciMtA vImaMsA NaM asannIti lambai / - nandIsUtra, sUtra 40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 105 ( jisameM IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, cintA aura vimarza karane kI yogyatA ho, use saMjJI kahate haiM / jisameM IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, cintA aura vimarza kI yogyatA na ho, use asaMjJI kahate haiM / ) mana sahita jIvoM kA lakSaNa --- saMjJinaH samanaskAH / 25 / saMjJI jIva manasahita hote haiM / vivecana - kauna jIva manasahita hai aura kauna jIva manarahita hai, isakA nirNaya saMjJA se kiyA jAtA hai / sAtha hI dUsarA nirNAyaka bindu hai dravya mana / yahA~ pahale dravya - mana aura usakI racanA - prakriyA samajha lenA Avazyaka ! jainadarzana meM 'paryApti nAma' kA nAmakarma kA eka bheda hai / paryApti AtmA kI eka viziSTa zakti kI paripUrNatA hai jisake dvArA AtmA AhAra, zarIra Adi ke yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karake unheM AhAra Adi ke rUpa meM pariNata karatA haiM / yaha paryApti zakti pudgalo ke upacaya se prApta hotI h| paryAptiyA~ 6 haiM (1) AhAra (2) zarIra (3) indriya (4) zvAsocchvAsa, (5) bhASA aura (6) manaHparyApti inameM se prArambha kI cAra AhAra se zvAsochvAsa taka to ekendriya jIvoM meM hotI haiM aura do indriya se lekara cAra indriya vAle jIvoM meM bhASA sahita 5 paryApti hotI hai / eka indriya se lekara cAra indriya taka ke jIvoM meM manaHparyApti hotI hI nahIM, ataH dravyamana kI racanA hI nahIM hotI, isIlie va amanaska athavA mana rahita hote haiM / isake atirikta kisI-kisI tiryaMca paMcendriya jIva meM bhI mana nahIM hotA, to aise tiryaMca paMcendriya jIva bhI asaMjJI athavA manarahita hote haiM isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pudgala dravya racanA athavA dravyamana kA AdhAra to manaHparyApti hai, kintu isakA vimarza rUpa vaicArika pakSa saMjJA hai / vaicArika pakSa kI apekSA hI sUtra meM saMjJI ko samanaska athavA mana vAlA kahA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 25 yaha samajhane kI bAta hai ki jaina AgamoM meM saMjJA-cetanA yA bodha ke do stara mAne haiM- eka sAmAnya saMjJA-avikasita yA alpavikasita cetanA tathA dUsarI vizeSa saMjJA-(jJAna saMjJA) vikasita yA vikAsamAna cetanA / cetanArUpa sAmAnya saMjJA to pratyeka prANI meM hotI hai / prajJApanA sUtra (saMjJApada) meM isa prakAra kI 10 (dasa) saMjJA batAI haiM jaise - (1) AhAra saMjJA, (2) bhayasaMjJA, (3) maithunasaMjJA, (4) parigrahasaMjJA, (5-8) krodha mAnamAyA lobha-saMjJA, (9) oghasaMjJA, (10) lobhasaMjJA / / AcArAMga vRtti me inake atirikta chaha saMjJAe~ aura' ginAI gaI haiM - sukha-duHkha-zoka-moha-vicikitsA aura dharmasaMjJA / ' inameM jo anubhavasaMjJA (sAmAnyabodha) hai vaha ekendriya se lekara asaMjJI paMcendriya taka sabhI jIvoM meM rahatI haiM / kintu jJAnasaMjJA - vicAra vimarza rupa cetanA, sirpha samanaska jIvoM meM hI hotI hai / ataH yahA~ vicAra vimarza rUpa cetanA-saMjJA ko lakSya kara kahA gayA hai- jina jIvoM meM yaha cetanAM hotI hai, ve saMjJA hote haiM / nandIsUtra meM inake atirikta (1) dIrghakAlikI, (2) hetUpadezikI aura (3) dRSTivAdopadezikI-ye saMjJAe~ aura kahI gaI haiM / yaha zruta jJAnAzrita h| yahI saMjJAe~ IhA, apoha, vImaMsA Adi kI kAraNa hotI haiM aura inhIM kI apekSA jIva ko saMjJI athavA samanaska kahA gayA hai / ina saMjJAoM ko saMpradhAraNa saMjJA hI kahA jAtA hai / __bhAva yaha hai ki jina jIvoM meM IhA, apoha, cintana, vimarza Adi kI zakti hotI hai, ve jIva manasahita athavA mana vAle haiM / isase yaha artha bhI phalita hotA hai ki jinameM IhA Adi kI kSamatA athavA yogyatA nahIM, ve sabhIjIva manarahita haiM / Agama vacana - kammAsarIrakAyappaoge / prajJApanA pada 16 ((vigraha gati meM) kArmaNa zarIra ke kAya prayoga hotA hai / ) goyamA! aNuseDhI gatI pavattati no viseDhI gatI pavattatI... ...evaM jAva vemANiyANaM. bhagavatI, za. 25, u. 3, sU. 730 1. AhAra-bhaya-pariggaha-mehuNa-sukha-dukkha-moha vitigicchA / koha-mANa-mAya-lohe soge-loge ya dhammohe / - AcA. ni. 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 107 ( gautama ! inakI anuzreNI gati hI hotI haiM, vizreNIgati nahIM hotI / isI prakAra vaimAnikoM taka anuzreNI gati hotI hai / ) ujjuseDhIpaDivanne aphusamANagaI uDDhaM ekka samaeNaM aviggaheNaM gaMtA sAgArovaute sijjhihi / aupapAtika sUtra, siddhAdhikAra, sUtra 43 (AkAza pradezoM kI sarala paMkti ko prApta hokara, gati karate hue bhI kisI kA sparza na karate hue, binA mor3a lie, sAkAra upayoga (jJAnopayoga ) se yukta eka samaya meM Upara ko jAkara siddha ho jAtA hai / ) - NeraiyANaM ukkoseNaM tisamatIteNaM viggahaM uvavajjaMti egiMdivajjaM jAva vemANiyANaM sthAnAMga, sthAna 3, u. 4 sUtra 225 goyamA ! egasamaieNa vA disamaieNa vA tisamaieNa vA causamaieNa vA viggaheNaM uvavajjati bhagavatI, za. 34, u. 1, sUtra 851 (nArakI jIva adhika se adhika tIna samaya vigraha gati meM lekara (naraka meM) utpanna hote haiM / gautama ! eka samaya meM athavA do samaya meM athavA tIna samaya meM athavA cAra samaya meM mor3a lekara utpanna hote haiM / ) * egasaMmaiyo viggaho natthi ! - bhagavatI za. 34, u. 1, sUtra 851 ( eka samaya vAle ko mor3a nahIM lenA par3atA / ) goyamA ! anAhArae duvihe paNNatte, taM jahAchaumattha' 'anAhArAe, kevalI aNAhArae goyamA ! ajahaNNamanukkoseNaM tiNNisamayA / anAhAraka aura (2) kevalI anAhAraka / ... ( gautama ! anAhAraka do prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM ... prajJApanA pada 18, dvAra 14 (1) chadmastha adhika se adhika jIva tIna samaya taka anAhAraka raha sakatA ha / ) For Personal & Private Use Only -

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108 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 26-31 vigraha gati sambandhI vicAraNA vigrahagatau karmayogaH | 26 | anuzreNI gati : 27 / avigrahA jIvasya / 28 / vigrahavatI ca saMsAriNaH prAk caturbhyaH / 29 / eka samayo'vigrahaH / 30 / ekaM dvau trInvAnAhAraka : / 31 / vigrahagati meM kArmaNayoga hotA hai / zreNI kA anusaraNa karatI huI sarala-sIdhI rekhA meM gati hotI hai / mukta jIva kI gati vigraha ( mor3a athavA vyAghAta) rahita hotI hai / saMsArI jIva kI cAra samaya se pahale-pahale hone vAlI gati vigrahavatI ( vigraha athavA mor3a, vyAghAta sahita ) hotI hai| ( kintu saMsArIjIva kI bhI) eka samaya vAlI gati vigraha rahita hotI hai / (vigraha gati vAlA jIva) eka, do, tIna samaya taka anAhAraka (AhAra binA liye) raha sakatA hai / vivecana prastuta chahoM sUtroM meM usa samaya kI vicAraNA kI gaI hai jaba eka jIva apanI Ayu pUrI hone para zarIra tyAga kara dUsarI Ayu tathA zarIra grahaNa karane ke lie anya sthala athavA gati ke lie gamana karatA hai tathA vahA~ pahuMcatA hai / prathama gati se dUsarI gati meM pahucane ke lie jo gati ( gamana) jIva karatA hai, vaha vigraha gati kahalAtI hai / dezaja bhASA meM 'bATe bahatA' bhI kahate haiM / vigraha gati meM jIva ke kArmaNakAyayoga rahatA hai / kyoMki manuSya aura tiryaMca kI apekSA audArika zarIra, deva - nArakiyoM kI apekSA vaikriya zarIra Ayu pUrI hote hI chUTa jAtA hai / yahA~ kArmaNazarIra tathA kArmaNakAyayoga kA bheda samajhaleM / kArmaNa zarIra to jIva ke sAtha saMlagna rahatA hI hai, jIva apanI yoga zakti se kArmaNa zarIra ko kArmaNa kAyayoga meM pariNata kara letA hai kyoMki eka sthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 109 se dUsare sthAna ko gamana karane ke lie yoga zakti apekSita hotI hai, usI taraha jaise kAra ko sTArTa karane ke lie baiTarI kI jarUrata hotI hai / jIva kI gati sarala rekhA meM hotI haiM / yaha sUtra pramukha rUpa se siddha gati prApta karane vAle jIvoM kI apekSA se haiM; kyoMki jisa sthAna para unakA zarIra chUTatA hai, vahIM se sIdhA Upara kI ora jIva gamana karake siddhazilA se Upara jA virAjatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki manuSya kSetra kA 45 lAkha yojana kA vistAra mAnA hai to siddhazilA kI bhI 45 lAkha yojana kA vistAra hai tAki jIva sIdhI gati se vahA~ pahuMca sake / kintu mukta jIvoM kI apekSA se yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki inake kArmaNa kAyayoga nahIM hotA, kyoMki karmoM kA to nAza ho hI cukA hai, phira kArmaNazarIra tathA kArmaNakAyayoga hone kA prazna hI nahI uThatA / inakI Urdhvagati kA hetu AtmA kI yoga zakti hai / jisa taraha aMDI kA bIja UparI AvaraNa phaTate hI ekadama uparI kI ora gati karatA hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI karmoM kA sampUrNa AvaraNa haTate hI zIghra gati se UrdhvadizA meM gamana karatA huA eka samaya mAtra meM siddhazilA para jA virAjatA hai / saMsArI jIva kI gati vigrahasahita aura vigraharahita donoM prakAra kI hotI haiM / udAharaNArtha - koI paMcendriya tiryaMca athavA manuSya devagati meM utpanna hotA hai aura upapAtazaiyA ThIka usa sthala ke Upara hai jahA~ tiryakloka meM usa jIva ne Ayu pUrNa kiyA hai, to usakI gati Rju athavA sarala hogI, use koI bhI mor3a (turn) nahIM lenA par3egA / . kintu yadi sthiti aisI nahIM huI to use mor3a lenA paDegA aura usakI gati (gamanakriyA) vigraha sahita mor3a vAlI ho jAyegI / kintu yaha mor3a adhika se adhika tIna (naraka gati meM utpanna honevAle jIva kI apekSA) ho sakate haiM, cauthe samaya to vaha jIva avazya hI nayA janma grahaNa kara legA / isI apekSA se jIva adhika se adhika tIna samaya taka anAhAraka raha sakatA hai (kyoMki vigraha gati meM jIva AhAra nahIM karatA) aura cauthe samaya to janma lete hI avazya AhAra grahaNa kara letA hai / yahA~ AhAra aura bhojana ko ekArthavAcI nahIM samajhanA cAhie / AhAra aura bhojana meM bheda hai / janma lete hI jIva sarvaprathama AhAra grahaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 32 karatA hai arthAt AhAra yogya sUkSma pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake inheM AhAra rUpa meM pariNata karatA hai, taduparAnta usakI zarIra Adi paryAptiyA~ pUrNa hotI h| Agama vacana - paMciMdiya tirikkhAo, duvihA te viyAhiyA / / sammucchimatirikkhAo gabbhavakkantiyA tahA / uttarA. 36/170 (tiryaMca jIvoM ke (janma kI apekSA) do bheda haiM - (1) sammUrchima aura (2) garbhaja / maNuyA duvihabheyA u te me kittiyao suNa ! samucchimA ya maNuyA gabbhavakkantiyA tahA // uttarA. 36/195 (manuSya do prakAra ke haiM - (1) saMmmUrchima aura (2) garbhAtpanna / aMDayA potayA jarAuyA...sammucchiyA...uvavAiyA / . dazavaikAlika, adhyAya 4, aMDaja, potaja, jarAyuja (ye sabhI garbhaja haiM ) sammUrcchana aura aupapAtika janma hote haiN|) janma ke prakAra - sammUrchanagarbhopapAtA janma / 32 / janma (navina zarIra dhAraNa karane) ke tIna prakAra haiM- (1) sammUrchana (2) garbha aura (3) upapAta / vivecana - prastuta sUtra se pahale chaha, sUtroM meM vigrahagati sambandhI vicaraNA kI thI / yahA~ janma ke prakAra batAye haiM / (1) sammUrchanajanma - mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIrya ke saMyoga binA hI jaba jIva apane utpatti sthala ke sabhI ora vidyamAna zarIrayogya audArika pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake apane zarIra kA nirmANa karatA hai, aisA janma "sammUrchana janma' kahA jAtA hai / ekendriya se caturindriya taka ke sabhI jIvoM kA sammUrcchana janma hotA hai / aise jIvoM ke uttara bheda aneka haiM / (2) garbhajajanma - strI kI yoni meM vidyamAna zukra-zoNita (vIrya aura raja) ke audArika pudgaloM ko jIva jaba apane zarIra rUpa pariNata karatA hai taba use 'garbhaja janma' kahA jAtA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 111 (3) upapAta janma - jaba jIva apane utpatti sthAna kI sarva dizAoM meM vidyamAna vaikriya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake unase apane zarIra kA nirmANa karatA hai, vaha 'upapAta janma' kahalAtA hai / aisA janma deva aura nArakiyoM kA hI hotA hai / Agama vacana - goyamA ! tivihA joNI paNNattA, taM jahA - sIyA joNI, usiNA joNI, sIosiNA joNI / tivihA joNI paNNattA, taM jahAsacittA joNI, acittA joNI, mIsiyA joNI / tivihA joNI paNNattA, taM jahA - saMvuDA joNI, viyaDA joNI, saMvuDa viyaDA joNI / prajJApanA, yoni pada 9 (gautama ! yoniyA~ tIna prakAra kI kahI gaI haiM; yathA - (1) zItayoni (2) uSNa yoni aura (3) zItoSNa yoni / yoniyA~ tIna prakAra kI kahI gaI haiM; yathA- (1) sacitta yoni (2) acitta yoni aura (3) mizra (sacittAcitta) yoni / ___ yoniyA~ tIna prakAra kI kahI gaI haiM; yathA - (1) saMvRta yoni (2) vivRta. yoni aura (3) saMvRta vivRta yoni / ) yoniyoM ke prakAra - sacittazItasaMvRtAH setarA mizrAzcaikazastadyonayaH / 33 / yoniyA~ (1) sacitta, (2) zIta, (3) saMvRta tathA inake viparIta, (4) acitta, (5) uSNa, (6) vivRta tathA inakI mizrita, (7) sacitta, (8) zItoSNa aura (9) saMvRttavivRta isa taraha nau prakAra kI haiM / ) vivecana - yoni kA abhiprAya hai jIva ke janma grahaNa karane kA sthAna yoni do prakAra kI haiM - (1) AkArayoni aura (2) guNayoni / / guNayoni ke uparokta nau bheda haiM / AkAra yonI tIna prakAra kI hotI hai - (1) zaMkhAvartA, (2) kUrmonnatA aura (3) vaMzapatrA / inameM se zaMkhAvartA yoni meM garbha nahIM ThaharatA, zeSa do prakAra kI yoniyoM meM garbha dhAraNa kI yogyatA hotI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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For Personal & Private Use Only AkAra yoni 1. kUrmoMnnatA yoni 2. vaMzapatrA yoni 3. zaMkhAvartA yoni guNa yoni yoni ke vibhinna bheda 1. sacit 2. acitta 3. mizra ( sacittAcitta) 1. zIta 2. uSNa 3. zItoSNa 1. savRta 2. vivRta 3. saMvRta-vivRta 84 lAkha jIvayoni pRthvIkA 7 lAkha apkAya 7 lAkha tejaskAya 7 lAkha vAyukAya 7 lAkha vanaspatikAya 24 lAkha dvIndriya 2 lAkha trIndriya 2 lAkha caturindriya 2 lAkha tiryaMcapaMcendriya 4 lAkha nAraka 4 lAkha deva 4 lAkha manuSya 14 lAkha 1. pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 151, gAthA 977 - 81; abhidhAna bhAga 3, pR. 597 1 197 || lAkha kUla kor3I (yoniyoM meM janma lene vAle jIvoM kI jAti/upajAtiyAM) 1 pRthvIkA 12 lAkha apkAya 7 lAkha tejaskAya 3 lAkha vAyukAya 7 lAkha vanaspatikAya 28 lAkha dvIndriya 7 lAkha trIndriya 8 lAkha caturindriya 9 lAkha tiryaMcapaMcendriya 53 // lAkha nAraka 25 lAkha deva 26 lAkha manuSya 12 lAkha 112 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 33

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jIva-vicAraNA 113 yaha AkAra yoni ke bheda manuSyanI (mAnava-strI) tathA paMcendriya tiryaMcanI (mAdA pazu) kI yoni kI apekSA haiM / kintu guNayoni aura usake nau bheda sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ko dRSTigata rakhakara kiye gaye haiM / (1) sacittayoni jIva sahita hotI hai tathA (2) acittayoni jIvarahita aura (3) mizra (sacittAcitta) yoni kA kucha bhAga jIva sahita aura kucha bhAga jIva rahita hotA hai / (4) zItayoni zIta (ThaMDA) sparza vAlI hotI hai tathA (5) uSNayoni kA sparza garma hotA hai aura (6) zItoSNayoni kA sparza ThaMDA-garma mizrita / (7) saMvRtayoni DhakI huI aura (8) vivRtayoni khulI hotI hai tathA (9) saMvRttavivRta yoni kucha DhakI aura kucha khulI mizra dazA meM hotI hai / Agama meM jo 84 lAkha jIva yoniyA~ batAI haiM, ve inhIM nau yoniyoM kA vistAra haiM / jaise vanaspatikAya ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa sparza ke taratamabhAva se jitane bhI utpattisthAna haiM, utanI hI yoniyA~ ginI gaI haiM tathA jitanI jAti-upajAtiyAM haiM, utanI hI kulakor3iyAM haiM / __ isa prakAra vistAra kI apekSA (samasta saMsArI jIvoM kI 84 lAkha yoniyA~ aura 197 // lAkha kula kor3iyAM mAnI gaI haiM) (tAlikA pRSTha 112 para dI gaI haiM / ) Agama vacana - aMDyA potayA jarAuyA / - dazavaikAlika, a. 4, trasAdhikAra gabbhavakkaM tiyA y| prajJApanA, pada 1 (1) aNDaja (2) potaja (3) jarAyuja garbha janma vAle hote haiM.) garbha janma ke prakAra - jarAyujANDajapotAnAM garbha : 34 / (1) jarAyuja (2) aNDaja aura (3) potaja-ina tIna prakAra ke jIvoM kA garbha janma haiM / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM garbhaja jIvoM ke bheda batAye haiM / (1) jo jIva jAla ke samAna mAMsa aura rudhira se bharI eka prakAra kI thailI se lipaTe hue paidA hote haiM, unheM jarAyuja kahate haiM / jaise - manuSya (2) aNDaja- jo jIva aNDe se utpanna hote haiM, jaise -murgA, Adi (3) potaja - ina jIvoM ke zarIra para kisI prakAra kA AvaraNa nahIM hotA, ve mAtA ke garbha se nikalate hI calane-phirane lagate haiM, jaise-hAthI Adi For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 35-36 Agama vacana - doNhaM uvavAe paNNate, taM jahAdevANaM ceva neraiyANaM ceva / - sthAnAMga sthAna 2, u. 3, sUtra 85 (upapAta janma do kA hotA hai (1) devoM kA aura 2) nArakiyoM kA) upapAta janma vAle jIva / devanArakANamupapAda : 35 / devoM aura nArakiyoM kA upapAda janma hotA hai / vivecana - upapAta janma meM mAtA-pitA kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / jIva svayaM hI utpattisthAna ke vaikriya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake apanA zarIra nirmita kara letA hai / upapAta janma kA eka nizcita utpatti sthAna hotA hai, jaise-svarga meM upapAta puSpa zaiyA tathA naraka meM kumbhI Adi / yahI upapAta janma kI vizeSatA hai- vaikriyazarIra aura nizcita utpatti sthAna / vaikriya zarIra audArika zarIra kI apekSA sUkSma hotA hai / Agama vacana - saMmucchimA ya. .. (ityAdi) / prajJApanA, pada 1; sUtra kRtAMga, zru. 2, a. 3. (garbha tathA upapAta janma vAloM ke atirikta zeSa jIva) saMmUrchima hote haiM / ) . zeSa jIva zeSANAM sammUrchanam / 36 / / (zeSa jIva sammUrchana hote haiM / ) vivecana - sammUrcchana kA abhiprAya hai, jina jIvoM kA sammUrchima janma huA ho / garbhaja (garbha se janma grahaNa karane vAle ) aura upapAta (deva tathA nAraka jIva) janma vAloM ke atirikta sabhI saMsArI jIva sammUchana haiM ekendriya se cAra indriya vAle taka sabhI jIva sammUrchima hote haiM / isake atirikta kucha paMcendriya tiryaMca aura manuSya bhI sammUcchima hota h| sammUrchima jIvoM ke utpattisthAna zarIra ke mala (azuci) haiM, jaise - zleSma, mala, mUtra, vIrya, kUr3e kacare ke Dhera Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Agama vacana goyamA ! paMca sarIrA paNNattA, orAlie, veuvvie, AhArae - karmaNa zarIra ke bheda ( gautama ! zarIra pA~ca kahe gaye haiM (1) audArika (2) vaikriya (3) AhAraka (4) taijas aura (5) jA sakatA hai / (1) audArikazarIra audArika kriyAhAraka taijasakArmaNAni zarIrANi / 37 / (1) audArika (2) vaikriya (3) AhAraka (4) taijas (5) kArmaNayaha pA~ca prakAra ke zarIra hai / - vivecana saMsArI jIvoM ke zarIra pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM / yaha carma - cakSuoM - sthUla indriyoM dvArA dekhA jIva-vicAraNA 115 taM jahA teyae, kammae / - - (4.) taijaszarIra prajJApanA, zarIra pada, 21 (2): vaikriyazarIra - isameM aneka prakAra kA choTA bar3A AkAra banAne kI kSamatA hotI hai, yaha halkA bhArI bhI ho sakatA hai / 1 (3) AhArakazarIra yaha sayaMmI muni kI eka vizeSa prakAra kI labdhi hotI hai| isakA AkAra eka hAtha kA hotA hai, varNa zveta tathA yaha zubha hI hotA hai / - saMyamI muni ko jaba kisI tattva meM zaMkA ho jAtI hai aura usakA samAdhAna karane vAle gurudeva samIpastha na hoM, taba eka hAtha kA, una muni kI zarIrAkRti ke pratirUpa, eka putalA dA~ye kandhe se nikalatA haiM, tathA kevalI bhagavAna ke darzana karake punaH muni ke zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai / yaha putalA hI AhAraka zarIra hai aura isakA prayojana hai saMzaya-nivAraNa | yaha zarIra caudaha pUrvadhara muniyoM ko hI unakI viziSTa tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa labdhi rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / isake kAraNa zarIra meM teja, oja, UrjA rahatI hai tathA pacana-pAcana Adi kriyAe~ bhI isI ke kAraNa hotI haiM / zarIrastha tejas zakti kA kAraNa bhI yahI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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116 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 37-41 (5) kArmaNazarIra - ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA samUha hI kArmaNa zarIra Agama vacana - ... padesaTThayAe savvatthovA AhAragasarIrA padesaTThayAe veuvviyasarIrA padesa ThyAe asaMkhenaguNA orAliyasarIrA padesaTThAyAe asaMkhenaguNA teyagasarIrA padesaTThayAe aNaMtaguNA .. kammagasarIrA padesaThThayAe aNaMtaguNA / prajJApanA, zarIra pada 21 (.... pradezoM kI apekSA AhArakazarIra sabase kama hote haiM / vaikriyazarIra pradezoM kI apekSA AhAraka se asaMkhyAtaguNe hote haiM / unase audArika zarIra pradezoM kI apekSA asaMkhyAtaguNe hote haiM / unase pradezoM kI apekSA taijas zarIra anantaguNe hote haiM / aura pradezoM kI apekSA kArmaNazarIra unase (taijaszarIra se) bhI anantaguNe hote haiM / appaDi hayagaI / rAjapraznIya sUtra 66 (inameM se aMta ke do taijas aura kArmaNazarIra) apratihata gati vAle hote haiM ( inakI gati kisI bhI anya vastu se nahIM rUkatI / ) zarIroM kI vizeSAtAe~ - paraM paraM sUkSmam / 38 / pradezato'saMkhyeyaguNaM prAk taijasAt / 39 / anantaguNe pare / 40 / apratIghAte / / 1 / (audArika se Age-Age ke-kArmaNazarIra taka) yaha sabhI zarIra sUkSma haiN| ) pradezoM (paramANuoM-pudgala paramANuoM) kI apekSA taijas zarIra se pahale ke (tIna zarIra) asaMkhyAtaguNe haiN|) Age ke (taijas aura kArmaNazarIra pradezoM kI apekSA) anantaguNe haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 117 (tejas aura kArmaNa-donoM zarIra) apratihata gati vAle haiN| vivecana - prastuta cAra sUtroM meM pAMca zarIroM kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana huA hai / sUkSma kA abhiprAya - yahA~ sUkSmatA kA abhiprAya indriyagocara na hone se aura pradezoM (paramANuoM) ke ghanatva - saghana baMdhana se hai / eka sthUla udAharaNa leM - rUI, vastra, kASTha, svarNa aura pAre kA / inameM uttarottara eka-dUsare meM pradezoM kA adhika ghanA bandhana hai / ise Aja kI vaijJAnika bhASA meM ghanatva (Density) kahate hai / inameM eka-dUsare se pradezoM kI adhikAdhika saghanatA hai, isI kAraNa eka-dUsarI se kramazaH bhAra bhI adhika hotA jAtA hai / isI prakAra audArika zarIra kI apekSA vaikriya zarIra meM asaMkhyAtaguNe pradeza haiM; kintu vaha sUkSma hai kyoMki isake pradezoM kI saghanatA audArika zarIra kI apekSA asaMkhyAtaguNI hai / yahI krama AhAraka zarIra taka haiM / taijas meM anantaguNe pradeza haiM aura kArmaNa zarIra meM usase bhI ananta guNe / pradezoM kI saghanatA ke kAraNa yaha uttarottara sUkSma haiM / inameM indriyoM se agocaratA bar3hatI jAtI hai / atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa hI antima do zarIroM-taijas aura kArmaNa kI gati apratihata hai / / apratihata kA artha hai-na ye kisI se rukate haiM aura na hI kisI ko rokate haiM / yaha donoM zarIra vajrapaTaloM ko bhI bhedate hue nikala jAte haiN| Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI mAnava ke bAhya audArika zarIra ke antargata chipe zarIra ke viSaya meM kAphI khojabIna kI hai / vastutaH Aja ke vijJAna kA AdhAra jijJAsA hai / vaijJAnikoM ne mRtyu ko samajhane ke prayatna meM dekhA ki bAhya zarIra to jyoM kA tyoM hai, indriyA~ Adi sabhI yathAsthAna sthita haiM, phira isameM se kyA nikala gayA ki zarIra kI halana-calana kriyAe~ ruka gayIM, zvAsocchvAsa banda ho gayA / jijJAsA huI to khoja bhI huI / vaijJAnikoM ne jaba eksa-re kiraNoM kA patA lagA liyA to vaha zarIra ke andara jhA~kane meM, citra lene meM samartha ho gaye; aura bhI sUkSmagrAhI kaimare bane / inase zarIra ke andara ke citra liye gaye / For Personal & Private Use Only

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118 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 37-41 vaijJAnikoM ne dekhA ki mAnava zarIra ke AkAra kA hI eka sUkSma zarIra hai, vaha vidyutmaya hai / vaha bAhya zarIra ko samasta UrjA pradAna kara rahA ha / vaijJAnikoM ne use rokane kA prayatna kiyA, kintu vaha kisI bhI prakAra rukA nahIM, sabhI prakAra ke pratibandha - AvaraNa viphala ho gaye / isa zarIra kA nAma diyA gayA (Electric body) aura sUkSma paramANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa sUkSma zarIra (Subtle body) I vaijJAnikoM ne patA lagAyA hai ki krodha Adi kaSAyoM, bhaya Adi ke saMvegoM ke samaya isa agnimaya taijas zarIra meM kAle bindu ubhara Ate hai / vicitra bAta yaha hai ki isa zarIra kA poSaNa vAyu, prANavAyu se hotA hai / prANavAyu se yaha uddIpta hotA hai, zaktizAlI banatA hai / krodha ke samaya yaha bahuta uddIpta ho jAtA hai, isameM tIvra hala-cala macatI hai aura krodha ke abhAva meM yaha svAbhAvika sthiti meM rahatA hai / cikitsAvijJAnI aneka rogoM meM isI zarIra para AdhArita cikitsApaddhati vikasita kara rahe haiM aura inameM lAbha bhI ho rahA hai / aneka asAdhya samajhe jAne vAle roga aba sAdhya ho gaye haiM / vastutaH taijas zarIra jise yoga granthoM meM prANamaya zarIra kahA gayA hai, aneka rahasyoM ko apane meM sameTe hue haiM / vijJAna isa para zodha kara rahA hai / vaha isakA astitva svIkAra kara cukA hai / Agama vacana - teyAsarIrappaogabandhe NaM bhante ! kAlao kevaciraM hoi ? goyamA ! duvihe paNNatte taM jahA - aNAie vA apajjavasie; aNAie vA sapajjavasie / kammAsarIppao gabandhe aNAiye sapajjavasie aNAie apajjavasie vA evaM jahA teyagassa / bhagavatI za. 8, u. 9, sUtra 351 (bhagavan ! taijaszarIra kA prayogabandha samaya kI apekSA kitanI dera taka hotA hai ? gautama ! vaha do prakAra kA hotA hai| (1) (abhavyoM ke) anAdika aura aparyavasita (ananta) tathA (2) ( bhavyoM ke ) anAdika aura saparyavasita ( sAnta) | - taijaszarIra ke hI samAna kArmaNazarIra kA prayogabandha bhI samaya kI apekSA do prakAra kA hotA hai (1) (abhavyoM ke) anAdika aura ananta tathA (2) ( bhavyoM ke) ke anAdika tathA sAnta / ) - For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA taijas aura kArmaNa zarIra kA AtmA se sambandha anAdi sambandhe ca |42 / sarvasya |43| (taijas aura kArmaNa) ina donoM zarIroM kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdi kAla se sambandha hai / 119 - (taijas aura kArmaNa) yaha donoM zarIra sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke hote haiN| vivecana - taijas aura kArmaNa ina donoM zarIroM kA AtmA ke sAtha jo anAdi sambandha batAyA gayA haiM, vaha pravAharUpa se hai / arthAt ve donoM zarIra AtmA ke sAtha anAdi kAla se pravAharUpa meM lage hue haiM / jisa prakAra nadI kA pravAha calatA hai, usakA jala pratikSaNa Age bar3hatA rahatA hai aura pichalA ( pIche kI ora se) pratikSaNa AtA rahatA hai, kintu jala sadA banA rahatA hai, yahI nadI kA pravAha hai / isI prakAra taijas aura kArmaNazarIra se pUrva meM baMdhe hue skandha (dalika) pratikSaNa jharate rahate haiM aura naye dalika ba~dhate rahate haiM / ina dalikoM kI kAla sImA bhI nizcita hai aura inameM baMdha tathA nirjarA bhI pratikSaNa hotI rahatI hai; phira bhI ye donoM zarIra AtmA ke sAtha lage hI rahate haiM / sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke yaha donoM zarIra sthAyI rUpa se rahate haiM / Agama vacana goyamA ! jassa veuvviyasarIraM tassa AhAragasarIraM Natthi / jassa puNa AhAragasarIraM tassa veuvviyasarIraM Natthi / teyAkammAi jahA orAlieNaM sammaM taheva AhAragasarIreNa vi sammaM teyAka mmAi taheva uccAriyavvA / goyamA ! jassa teyagasarIraM tassa kammagasarIraM NiyamA atthi, jassa vi kammagasarIraM tassavi teyagasarIraM NiyamA atthi / prajJApanA, pada 21 gautama ! jisake vaikriyazarIra ho usake AhArakazarIra nahIM hotA aura jisake AhArakazarIra hotA hai, usake vaikriyazarIra nahIM hotA / taijas aura kArmaNazarIra audArikazarIra vAle ke samAna vaikriya For Personal & Private Use Only

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120 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 42-43-44 zarIra vAle ke bhI hote haiM, AhArakazarIra vAle ke bhI taijas aura kArmaNa zarIra hote haiM / gautama ! taijaszarIra vAle ke kArmaNazarIra niyama se hotA hai aura kArmaNazarIra vAle ke taijaszarIra niyama se hotA hai / ) eka sAtha kitane zarIra saMbhava tadAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasyA caturbhya: / 44 / ina (taijas aura kArmaNa) do zarIroM koM Adi lekara eka jIva ke eka sAtha (eka samaya meM) cAra zarIra taka ho sakate haiM / - vivecana prastuta sUtra kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki eka zarIra kisI bhI saMsArI jIva ko nahIM ho sakatA, kama se kama do hoMge aura adhika se adhika cAra zarIra ho sakate haiM / - jIva ke do zarIra hoM to taijas aura kArmaNa; tIna hoM to taijasa, kArmaNa, audArika athavA taijas kArmaNa, vaikriya aura yadi cAra hoM to taijas kArmaNa, audArika AhAraka hote haiM AhAraka aura vaikriya zarIra eka jIva meM eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaikriyazarIra devoM aura nArakiyoM meM hotA hai, unake to AharakazarIra saMbhava hI nahIM hai, kyoMki AhArakazarIra kevala 14 pUrva ke dhAraka saMyatI zramaNa ke hI ho sakatA hai / isI niyama se tiryaMca jIvoM aura sAmAnya manuSyoM ke bhI AhAraka zarIra saMbhava nahIM hai / viziSTa labdhidhArI caturdazapUrvadhara munirAjoM ko vaikriya aura AhArakalabdhi prApta to hotI hai kintu inameM se ve eka hI zarIra banA sakate haiM, cAhe vaikriya aura cAhe AhAraka / ina donoM zarIra ke eka samaya meM eka sAtha na honekA kAraNa hai pramattadazA / vaikriyazarIra sadaiva pramattadazA meM banatA hai aura jaba taka vaha zarIra rahatA hai, taba taka pramattadazA hI rahatI hai / yadyapi AhArakazarIra kI nirmANa prakriyA to pramattadazA meM hI hotI hai lekina turanta hI munirAjaapramattadazA meM ArohaNa kara jAte haiM aura jaba taka AhAraka zarIra kA saMharaNa nahIM kara lete taba taka apramatta dazA meM hI rahate haiM, pramattadazA meM nahIM Ate / ataH eka jIva ke eka sAtha (eka samaya ) kama se kama do aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 121 adhika se adhika cAra zarIra hI saMbhava hai; pA~co zarIra kisI ke nahIM ho sakate Agama vacana - viggahagai samAvannagANaM neraiyANaM do sarIrA paNNattA, taM jahAteyae ceva kammae ceva / niraMtaraM jAva vemANiyANaM / __ sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 76 goyamA ! orAliya-veuvviya-AhAriyAI paDucca asarIrI vkkmi| teyAkammAiM paDuca sasarIrI vakkamai / -bhagavatI, za.1, uddhezaka 7 (vigraha gati meM nArakiyoM ke do zarIra hote haiM - (1) taijas aura (2) kArmaNa / isI prakAra (tiryaMca, manuSya) aura devoM meM bhI vigrahagati meM do hI zarIra (taijas aura kArmaNa) hote haiM / gautama ! audArika, vaikriya, AhArakazarIra kI apekSA (jIva) zarIra rahita (vigraha gati meM nayA zarIra dhAraNa karane ke lie) gamana karatA hai aura tejas tathA kArmaNa zarIra kI apekSA zarIra sahita gamana karatA hai / ) . kArmaNa zarIra kI nirupabhogitA - nirupabhogamantyam / 45 / 'anta kA zarIra (kArmaNazarIra) upabhoga rahita hai / vivecana - prastutasUtra meM kArmaNazarIra ko nirUpabhoga batAyA gayA hai| upabhoga kA lakSaNa - upabhoga kA prastuta sandarbha meM viziSTa artha hai / jIva sAmAnya dazA meM indriyoM dvArA grahaNa kiye hue viSayoM kA upabhoga karatA hai, isI taraha sukha-duHkha Adi kA vedana karatA hai, ityAdi aneka kriyAe~ karatA hai aura unakA upabhoga karatA hai / kintu yaha sArI bAteM, upabhoga vaha akele kArmaNa zarIra se nahIM kara sakatA; dUsare zabdoM meM kArmaNa zarIra akelA inakA upabhoga nahIM kara sakatA, use anya zarIroM kI sahAyatA anivArya hotI hai / audArika, taijas Adi zarIra ke abhAva meM vaha upabhoga meM bhI asamartha hotA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha bhI hai ki anya cAroM zarIra upabhoga karate haiN| taijaszarIra pacana-pAcana Adi karatA hai ,zApa varadAna Adi bhI isI kA kArya hai / audArika vaikriya dvArA bhI sukha-duHkha kA vedana hotA hai, audArika For Personal & Private Use Only

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122 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 45-46 kI sArI kriyAe~ to pratyakSa dikhAI detI haiM / deva aura nArakI apane vaikriya zarIra se sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karate haiM / AhAraka se bhI munirAja apanA prayojana siddha karate hI haiM / ataH yaha sabhI zarIra sopabhoga haiM / kintu kArmaNazarIra yadi akelA hI ho to koI bhI upabhoga nahIM kara sakatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki kArmaNazarIra ke sAtha vigrahagati meM bhI taijas zarIra sAtha hI rahatA hai / kyoMki kArmaNazarIra to karmoM kA bandhana bhI nahIM kara sakatA; yadi taijas sAtha na ho to vigrahagati meM saMsArI jIva abandha hI ho jAyegA / - Agama ke jo vigrahagati sambandhI vacana yahA~ uddhRta kiye gaye haiM unakA bhI yahI gUr3ha abhiprAya hai ki kArmaNazarIra (akelA) to nirupabhoga hai kintu taijas upabhogavAna hai / Agama vAcana - urAliesarIre NaM bhante ! kativihe paNNatte ? . goyamA ! duvihe paNNatte taM jahA - sammucchima gabbhavakkaM tiya / - - prajJApanA pada 21 (bhagavan ! audArika zarIra kitane prakAra kA kahA gayA hai ? gautama ! vaha do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai, yathA (1) sammUrchima janma vAloM ke aura garbhajanmavAloM ke / ) audArika zarIra kinako ? garbhasammUrchanajamAdyam / 46 / garbha aura sammUrchima rUpa se utpanna hone vAle jIvoM ke (pahalA) audArika zarIra hotA hai / vivecana - garbha se aura sammUrchima rUpa se janma sirpha manuSyoM aura tiryaMco kA hI hotA hai, ataH audArika zarIra bhI inhI do ke hotA hai / sabhI mAnava aura tiryaMca audArikazarIrI hI hote haiM / Agama vacana - NeraiyANaM ho sarIragA paNNattA, taM jahAabbhaMtarage ceva bAhirage ceva abhaMtarae kammae bAhirae veuvie, evaM devANaM / sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 1, sUtra 75 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 123 (nArakiyoM ke do zarIra kahe gaye haiM - (1) Abhyantara aura (2) bAhya AbhyaMtara zarIra kArmaNa hotA hai aura bAhya zarIra vaikriya / isI prakAra devoM ke bhI hotA hai / ) vaiuvviyaladdhIe / aupapAtika, sUtra 40 (vaikriya zarIra labdhi dvArA bhI prApta hotA hai / ) tihiM ThANehiM samaNe NiggaMthe saMkhitta viula teulesse bhavati, taM jahA - (1) AyAvaNatAte 92) khaMtikhamAte (3) apANageNaM tvokmmennN| (tIna sthAnoM se zramaNa nirgrantha saMkSepa kI huI adhika tejolezyA vAle hote haiM - (1) dhUpa meM tapane se (2) zAMti aura kSamA se tathA (3) binA jala piye hue tapasyA karane se / vaikriya zarIra kI upalabdhi - vaikri yamaupapAtikam / 47 / labdhipratyayaM ca / 48 / , upapAta janma vAloM ke vaikriya zarIra hotA hai / yaha labdhi (RddhivizeSa) se bhI prApta hotA hai / vivecana - (upapAta janma sirpha devoM aura nArakiyoM kA hI hotA hai) ataH unake vaikriyazarIra aupapAtika (bhava-sApekSa) hotA hai / kintu vaikriya zarIra labdhi se bhI prApta ho sakatA hai / labdhi eka tapojanya zakti hai kucha tapasvI, sAdhu Adi bhI tapasyA dvArA vaikriya labdhi kI prApti kara lete haiM aura isa labdhi kA prayoga karake vaikriya zarIra bhI banA sakate haiM / kintu yaha manuSyoM meM hI sambhava hai, kyoMki ve hI tapasyA kara sakate haiM / manuSyoM ke atirikta sirpha bAdara vAyukAyika tiryaMca jIvoM meM bhI vaikriya labdhi mAnI gaI haiM / kintu gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gAthA 232 meM taijaskAyika jIvoM meM bhI vaikriya labdhi svIkAra kI hai / kintu yaha tapojanya nahIM svAbhAvika inake atirikta bhogabhUmi meM utpanna hone vAloM ke tathA karmabhUmi meM utpanna hone vAle tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM, vAsudevoM Adi meM bhI vaikriya labdhi hotI hai aura vaha bhI gRhasthAzrama meM / . For Personal & Private Use Only

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'124 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 47-48 sAra yaha hai ki deva aura nArako ko to vaikriyazarIra janma se hI prApta hotA hai kintu manuSyoM aura tiryaMco ko tajjanya (vaikriyazarIra nAma karma ke kSayopazama) se tathA tapasyA se bhI prApta ho sakatA hai / yahA~ digambara paramparA ke sUtra meM 'taijasamapi' yaha pATha mUla sUtra meM rakhA hai aura bhASya meM yaha pATha 'taijasamapi zarIraM labdhipratyayaM bhavati' svopajJa bhASya ke antargata diyA hai / artha donoM kA eka hI hai ki taijas zarIra labdhi se bhI hotA hai / ' sAtha hI uddhRta Agama pATha meM bhI taijas kI prApti kI prakriyA bhI batAI gaI hai / Agama uddhRta pATha meM 'saMkhittaviulateulesse' yaha zabda bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai / isakA sArarUpa meM abhiprAya yaha hai, ki pratyeka manuSya ko jo taijas zarIra prApta hotA hai, use tapasyA kI viziSTa sAdhanA se 'vipula' kara liyA jAtA hai, yahI tejolezyA hai / yaha tejolezyA itanI vipula bhI hotI hai ki 16 1/2.(sAr3he solaha) dezoM ko jalAkara bhasma kara de / jaisI gozAlaka ko prApta thI / satI Adi ke prasaMga meM, ki apane Apa hI citA meM Aga laga jAtI hai, tathA pazcimI dezoM meM huI aneka ghaTanAoM se bhI tejaszarIra kI tIvra rAga, dveSa, moha Adi kaSAyoM se uddIpta-jvalanazIla abhivyakti spaSTa dekhI jAtI hA~, yaha avazya hai ki yaha zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| jaisAki Agama vacana se dyotita hotA hai, zItalezyA bhI isI kA eka rUpa hai aura yaha(zAMti tathA kSamA se prApta hotI hai / gozAlaka kI rakSA ke lie bhagavAna ne zIta tejolezyA chor3I thI / ___ ataH itanA nizcita hai ki vaikriyazarIra kI bhA~ti taijas zarIra bhI labdhi . dvArA manuSya prApta kara sakate haiM / Agama vacana - AhAragasarIre NaM bhaMte ! kativihe paNNatte ? . goyamA ! egAgAre paNNatte ... pamattasaMjayasammadiTThi.. samacauraMsa saMThANasaMThie paNNatte / - prajJApanA pada 21, sUtra 273 (bhagavana ! AhAraka zarIra kitane prakAra kA hotA hai ? gautama ! AhAraka zarIra kA eka hI AkAra hotA hai yaha pramatta-saMyata samyagdRSTi ke hI hotA hai tathA isakA samacaturastra saMsthAna hotA hai|) For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 125 AhAraka zarIra kI vizeSatAe~ - zubhaM vizuddhamavyAghAti cAhArakaM caturdazapUrvadharasyaiva / 49 / (AhArakazarIra caturdazapUrvadhara (saMyatI zramaNa) ke hI hotA hai aura yaha zubha, zuddha tathA vyAghAtarahita hotA hai / ) vivecana- AhArakazarIra kI kaI vizeSatAe~ hai - (1) yaha karmabhUmi meM garbha se utpanna hue samyagdRSTi Rddhi prApta zramaNa ko hI hotA hai / (2) vaha saMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAlA honA cAhie / (3) yaha zubha pudgalo se nirmita hotA hai, atyadhika manojJa hotA hai (4) yaha vizuddha hotA hai / (5) yaha na kisI ko vyAghAta pahaMcAtA hai aura na kisI bhI padArtha se Ahata hotA hai / (6) isakA prayojana sirpha eka hI hai -kevalI bhagavAna ke darzana karake hRdayagata zaMkA kA nivAraNa karanA / 7) isakA pramANa eka hAtha aura AkAra samacaturastra saMsthAna hai| isa prakAra AhArakazarIra meM katipaya aisI vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, jo anya kisI zarIra meM nahIM hotii| Agama vacana - tivihA napuMsagA paNNattA, taM jahANeratiyanapuMsagA tirikkhajoNiya-napusaMgA maNussa napuMsagA / - sthAnAMga 3, u. 1, sUtra 121 (napuMsaka tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) nArakanapuMsaka (2) tiryaMcanapuMsaka aura (3) manuSyanapuMsaka / goyamA ! itthIveyA purisaveyA No NapuMsagaveyA .... / jahA asuraku mArA tahA vANamaMtarA / joisiya vemANiyA vi ___ -samavAyAMga, vedAdhikaraNa sUtra 156 (gautama ! vaha (asurakumAra) strI aura puruSa veda vAle hI hote haiM, napuMsaka vedavAle nahIM / asurakumAroM ke sAmAna hI bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 49-50-51 jyotiSka aura vaimAnika bhI strI tathA puruSa veda vAle hote haiM, napusaMka nahIM hoteM / ) vedoM (liMgoM) ke dhAraka - . nArakasammachino napuMsakAni / 50 / na devA: / 51 / nAraka aura sammUrcchana jIva napuMsaka hote haiM / ( deva napuMsaka nahIM hote ) vivecana - prastuta sUtroM meM napuMsakaliMga ko pradhAnatA dekara batAyA gayA hai ki nAraka aura saMmUrchima-sabhI napuMsaka hote haiM aura deva napuMsaka nahIM hote| isakA sIdhA sA abhiprAya yaha hai ki deva yA to strIvedI hote hai athavA puruSavedI / . veda - vastutaH cAritramohanIya karma kI prakRti hai, jisake tIna bheda haiM (1) strIveda, (2) puruSaveda aura (3) napuMsakaveda / strIveda kA abhiprAya hai puruSa ke sAtha ramaNa karane kI icchA aura puruSaveda kA strI ke sAtha tathA napuMsakaveda kA donoM ke sAtha / sUtra meM batAyA hai ki nAraka aura sammUchima jIva napuMsakavedI hote sammacchima jIva ve hote haiM jo mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIrya ke binA hI utpanna hote haiM / sAdhAraNatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki ekendriya se caturindriya taka ke sabhI jIva sammacchima hote haiM / kintu sammUcchima kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve binA bIja aura yoni ke hI utpanna ho jAte haiM / yaha bAta alaga hai ki inakI secana kriyA (Fertilisation) kA DhaMga dUsare prakAra kA hai / yaha pratyakSa pramANita hai ki meghajala se komala upajAU bhUmi meM svayaM hI vanaspati utpanna ho jAtI hai aura kaThora Usara bhUmi meM nahIM hotI / yahA~ komala bhUmi vivRta yoni kA kAma karatI hai aura meghajala ko to AcArAMga meM bhI udakagarbha (Embrosia) kahA hI hai, ataH meghajala bhUmi sthita bIja ko utpanna karane meM pramukha sahAyaka banatA hai / isI prakAra dvIndriya jIva laTa (kRmi) Adi bhI bIja aura yoni (jala sahita sacitta miTTI) meM utpanna hote haiM / cIMTI, dImaka Adi trIndriya For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 127 jIvoM tathA macchara-makkhI Adi caturindriya jIvoM ke adhyayana se bhI spaSTa ho gayA hai ki nara-cIMTI-dImaka dvArA secana ke pazcAta mAdA cIMTI-dImaka Adi aNDe detA haiM / jUM ke aNDe lIkha se to sabhI paricita haiM, vaha bhI trIndriya jIva hai / yahI bAta makkhI -macchara Adi ke bAre me haiM / yaha tathya sArvajanIna ho gayA hai / taba prazna yaha ho sakatA hai ki inheM sammUchima jIva kyoM kahA gayA? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki sammUchima jIva bhI bIja aura yoni ke saMyoga se utpanna hote haiM kintu garbhaja jIvoM kI apekSA unakI utpatti prakriyA meM bahuta antara hai / isa prakriyA antara ke kAraNa bhI unheM sammUcchima kahA jAtA hai / phira sammUrchana kA lakSaNa hI yaha hai- 'saM samantAt mUrchanaM jAyamAna jIvAnugrAhakANAM zarIrAkArapariNamanayogyapudgalaskandhAnAM samucchayaNaM smmuurchnm| arthAt-saM-samastarUpa se, mUrchanam-janma grahaNa krnaa| jo jIva, usako upakArI aise jo zarIrAkAra pariNamane yogya pudgala skandhoM kA ekatra honAgrahaNa honA-pragaTa honA, sammUrchana janma hai / ataH sammUrchana janma spaSTa hI garbhajanma tathA upapAta janma se pRthak hai, isakI sampUrNa kriyA prakriyA bhI alaga haiM / yadyapi upapAta janma meM bhI pudgaloM kA grahaNa sabhI dizAoM se hotA hai, kintu vahA~ bIja kA pUrNatayA abhAva hai, ataH upapAta janma kabhI bhI sammUrchana janma nahIM ho sakatA / prastuta donoM sUtroM meM narakagati, sammUrcchana janma vAle tathA devoM kA veda batA diyA to aba jo jIva zeSa bace, ve tInoM veda vAle hote haiM, aisA svayaM hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai / svayaM bhASyakAra umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM - "pArizeSyAcca gamyatte jarAyvaNDajapotajAstrividhA bhavanti-striyaH pumAMso napuMsakAnIti / " (parizeSa nyAya se zeSa jIva jarAyuja, aNDaja, potaja (garbhajanma vAle / sabhI jIva) strI, purUSa aura napuMsaka tInoM veda vAle hote haiM / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki ina jIvoM meM tIna veda pAye jAte haiM / digambara paramparA meM yahI bAta 'zeSAstrivedAH' eka svatantra sUtra raca kara kahI gaI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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128 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 : sUtra 52 . Agama vacana - do ahAuyaM pAleMti devANaM ceva NeraiyANaM ceva / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 3, sUtra 85 devA neraiyAvi ya asaMkhavAsAuyA ya tiramaNuA / uttamapurisA ya tahA caramasarIrA ya niruvakkamA // - ThANAMgavRtti (do kI Ayu pUrNa hotI hai - devoM kI aura nArakiyoM kI / deva, nArakI, bhogabhUmi vAle tiryaMca aura manuSya uttama puruSa aura caramazarIriyoM kI ba~dhI huI Ayu nirupakrama hotI hai / ) Ayu ke prakAra - aupapAtikacaramadehottamapuruSA'saMkhyeyavarSAyuSo'napavAyuSaH / 52 / upapAtajanma vAle, caramazarIrI, uttamapuruSa tathA asaMkhyAtavarSa kI Ayu vAle jIvoM kI Ayu anapavartanIya hotI hai / vivecana - deva aura nArakI (kyoMki inakA upapAta janma hI hotA hai,) camarazarIrI arthAt usI bhava se mokSa jAne vAle, uttama puruSa) (cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, prativAsudeva) aura asaMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAlejIvoM kI Ayu bIca meM nahIM TUTatI, ghaTatI nahIM, ve apanI baMdhI huI pUrI Ayu kA bhoga karate haiM, unakI akAla mRtyu nahIM hotI / asaMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle manuSya aura tiryaMca hote haiM / yaha bhoga bhUmiyo tathA antaradvIpoM meM nivAsa karate haiM / vahAM satata bhogayuga rahatA hai, ataH inakI Ayu bhI anapavartanIya hotI hai| Ayu ke do bheda - Ayu ke do bheda haiM - 1. anapavartanIya aura 2. apavartanIya / apavartana kA abhiprAya hai kama ho jAnA, ataH aisI Ayu jo kisI nimitta ko pAkara kama ho sake vaha apavartanIya kahalAtI hai / isake viparIta jo Ayu kisI bhI kAraNa se kama na ho sake vaha anapavartanIya kahalAtI hai / sUtra meM anapavartanIya Ayu vAle jIvoM kA nirdeza kara diyA gayA hai| ataH parizeSa nyAya se yaha spaSTa hai ki sUtrokta jIvoM ke atirikta anya jIvoM kI Ayu apavartanIya hotI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 129 AgamoM meM 'apavartana' kA 'upakrama' nAma milatA hai / vahA~ sopakrama (apavartanIya) nirupakrama (anapavartanIya) zabda isI artha meM prayukta haiM / __yaha apavartana aneka nimitta kAraNoM se ho sakatA hai / ina nimittoM ko upakrama bhI kahA jAtA hai / ThANAMga sUtra (7/561) meM Ayubheda (AyubhaMga) ke sAta kAraNa batAye gaye haiM - 1. adhyavasAya - tIvra rAga-dveSa athavA bhaya se 2. nimitta - daNDa, zastra Adi dvArA 3. AhAra - atyadhika AhAra se athavA AhAra ke abhAva se, jala Adi na milane kAraNa arthAt tRSA (pyAsa) se 4. vedanA - AMkha, udara Adi aMgoM kI tIvra pIr3A se 5. parAghAta - kue Adi meM giranA, tAlAba-nadI-samadra Adi meM DUba jAnA, parvata Adi kisI U~ce sthAna se gira jAnA, sIr3hiyoM se phisala jAnA / . 6. sparza - bicchU, sarpa Adi kisI viSaile kIr3e ke daMza se athavA svayaM hI viSa pI lenA, nIMda kI goliyAM adhika khA lenA yA kITanAzaka rasAyano, goliyoM ko khA lenA / 7. zvAsocchvAsa rukane se - phAMsI Adi khA lenA, kisI anya dvArA galA dabA diyA jAnA Adi / Adhunika yuga meM dayA-mRtyu (Mercy Killing) ke rUpa meM akAla mRtyu kA eka nayA kAraNa panapane lagA hai| isa para cikitsA vijJAniyoM dvArA bala diyA jA rahA hai / isakA abhiprAya hai jaba kisI prANI kI vedanA-pIr3A, asahya ho jAye aura usakA cikitsA vijJAna meM koI upacAra na ho to use viSa kA iMjekzaMna dekara pIr3Amukta kara denA, mAra denA / adhyAtma dRSTi se yaha dayA-mRtyu nahIM akAla mRtyu hI hai / ___karmabhUmiyoM meM ,arthAt Adhunika vizva meM utpanna hone vAle jIvoM ko sAmAnyatayA aise nimitta milate hI rahate haiM, jinase Ayu ke kama hone athavA ghaTane kI saMbhAvanA nihita hotI hai / sAmAnya jijJAsA yaha hai ki yadi kisI manuSya athavA pazu kI ina nimitto se mRtyu ho gaI, zarIra chUTa gayA to kyA vaha apanI zeSa Ayu ko agale janma meM bhogegA ? For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #154
130 tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2: sUtra 52 isa viSaya meM siddhAnta yaha hai ki jo Ayu 10-20 - 25 athavA 50 varSa meM bhogI jAne vAlI thI, use vaha eka antarmuhUrta athavA AvalikAmAtra kAla meM hI bhogakara pUrA kara letA hai| kyoMki koI bhI jIva Ayu pUrI kiye binA dUsarI gati meM utpanna nahIM ho sakatA / isa bAta ko eka dRSTAnta se samajhiye / mAna lIjie-eka tinakoM kA (tRNoM kA ) Dhera haiM, usameM Aga kI eka ciMgArI chor3a dI gaI to vaha dhIredhIre, eka-eka tinake ko jalA rahI hai aura yadi usake cAroM ora tathA bIca meM Aga kI lapaTa chor3a dI gaI to tinakoM kA pUrA Dhera kucha hI kSaNoM meM jalakara svAhA ho jAyegA / dUsarA dRSTAnta lIjie eka miTTI ke ghar3e meM bahuta hI choTA-sA cheda hai, eka-eka bUMda pAnI Tapaka rahA hai, ghar3A dhIre-dhIre khAlI ho rahA hai| kintu kisI vyakti ne usameM eka patthara mAra diyA, ghar3A phUTa gayA, sArA pAnI ekadama dula gayA ? eka agnikaNa dvArA eka-eka tinake ko jalAyA jAnA - sAmAnya Ayubhoga hai aura lapaTa dvArA tinakoM ke Dhera kI bhasma ho jAnA Ayu kA zIghra hI kSINa ho jAnA samApta ho jAnA hai / yahI bAta dUsare dRSTAnta meM hai| eka-eka bUMda Tapaka rahI hai to sAmAnya rUpa se Ayu pUrI ho rahI hai aura patthara kI coTa se jo ghar3A phUTA aura sArA pAnI Dhula gayA vaha Ayu kA zIghra hI samApta ho jAnA hai / mUla bAta yaha hai ki Ayu, cAhe apavartanIya hI kyoM na ho, avazya hI pUrI hotI haiM, sirpha mAraka nimitta milane se usakA bhoga jaldI pUrA ho jAtA hai; itanA hI bheda hai / yAnI sirpha zIghratA aura sAmAnyatA kA antara par3atA hai / jina jIvoM kI sUtra meM anapavartanIya Ayu batAI hai, usakA pramukha aura Antarika kAraNa yaha hai ki unakA Ayu-baMdhana itanA saghana aura hotA hai ki bIca meM TUTa hI nahIM sakatA / dRr3ha isake viparIta apavartanIya Ayu vAle jIvoM kA AyubaMdhana itanA sudRr3ha aura saghana nahIM hotA / Ayu ke TUTane ko jana-sAmAnya kI bhASA meM 'akAla mRtyuM' kahA jAtA hai / isalie yaha kahanA adhika ucita hai ki nizcayanaya ke anusAra to Ayu nahIM TUTatI kintu vyavahAranaya ke anusAra TUTa sakatI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva-vicAraNA 131 phira yaha bhI Avazyaka nahIM ki apavartanIya Ayu avazya hI bIca meM TUTegI, kama hogI, zIghra bhogI hI jAyegI / yaha saba to nimittoM para nirbhara hai / Adhunika yuga meM bhI bahuta se aise manuSya evaM pazu haiM jo apanI pUrI Ayu bhogakara svAbhAvika mRtyu prApta karate haiM / ___ aba eka prazna aura ho sakatA hai - kyA jisa taraha apavartanIya Ayu nimittoM ke kAraNa zIghra bhoga lI jAtI hai, isI prakAra anukUla nimitta milAkara bar3hAI bhI jA sakatI hai ? yadyapi Ayurveda, yogazAstra Adi prAcIna yuga meM yAnI kuzala vaidya, yogI, sAdhu, tapasvI Adi tathA Adhunika yuga ke cikitsA vaijJAnika Ayu bar3hAne kA dAvA karate haiM, kintu Ayu bar3hAne sambandhI unakA koI dAvA saphala nahIM huA, mRtyu ko Aja taka koI bhI nahIM roka pAyA, mauta kA ilAja koI bhI na kara sakA / aura siddhAnta to isa bAta meM nizcita hai hI ki baMdhI huI Ayu meM eka kSaNa bhI nahIM bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #156
tIsarA adhyAya adholoka tathA madhyaloka (NETHER AND MEDIAEVAL REGIONS) nAraka, manuSya, tiryaMca saMsAra (HELLISH, HUMAN, ANIMAL WORLD) upodghAta dUsare adhyAya meM audayika bhAvoM, gati, utpatti - janma Adi kA varNana karate samaya nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva- ina cAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| saMsArI jIva ina cAra gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatA huA, janma letA aura maratA rahatA hai / prastuta adhyAya meM nAraka jIvoM ke nivAsa, zarIra, vedanA, vikriyA, lezyA, pariNAma Adi ke viSaya meM varNana kiyA jA rahA hai / sAtha hI manuSya aura tiryaMca jIvoM ke AvAsa sthAnoM kA bhI varNana prastuta adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai / kyoMki nAraka jIvoM kA nivAsa narakoM meM hai aura naraka adholoka meM hai, ataH adholoka kA bhI varNana, isa adhyAya meM hai / manuSya aura tiryaca jIvoM kA nivAsa madhyaloka athavA tiryak loka meM hai, isalie tiryak loka kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra prastuta adhyAyagata vivecana adholoka, tiryakloka tathA nArakI, manuSya evaM tiryaMca jIvoM ke nivAsa sthAna ke rupa meM huA hai| prasaMgAnusAra adholoka - tiryak loka kI racanA bhI varNita hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Agama vacana adholoka tathA madhyaloka 133 adholoka kahi NaM bhaMte ! neraiyA parivasaMti ? goyamA ! saTThANeNaM sattasu puDhavIsu, taM jahA 1 rayaNappabhAe, sakkarappabhAe, bAluyappabhAe, paMkappabhAe, dhUmappabhAe, tamappabhAe, tamatamappabhAe -prajJApanA, narakAdhikAra, pada 2 atthi NaM bhaMte ! imIse rayaNappabhAe puDhavIe ahe ghaNodadhIti vA ghaNavAteti vA taNuvAteti vA ovAsaMtareti vA / haMtA atthi evaM jAva ahe sattamAe / - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti, 2 sU0 70-71 (bhagavan ! nAraka - jIva kahAM rahate haiM ? gautama ! vaha apane sthAnoM sAtoM pRthviyoM meM rahate hai / jinake nAma yaha haiM - 1. ratnaprabhA, 2. zarkarAprabhA, 3. bAlukAprabhA, 4. paMkaprabhA, 5. dhUmaprabhA, 6. tamaH prabhA aura 7. tamastamaprabhA / isa ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke bAhara ghanodadhivAtavalaya hai, usake bAhara ghanavAtavalaya hai, usake bhI bAhara tanuvAtavalaya hai aura sabase bAhara AkAza hai, isI prakAra nIce - nIce sAtavIM pRthvI taka hai / ) narakaloka varNana ratna-zarkarA - bAlukA - paMka - dhUma - tamo-mahAtamaH prabhA bhUmayo ghanAmbu vAtAkAzapratiSThAH saptAdhodhaH pRthutarAH 19 | tAsu narakAH / 2 / sAta pRthviyA~ haiM, unake nAma haiM - 1. ratnaprabhA, 2. zarkarAprabhA, 3. bAlukAprabhA, 4. paMkaprabhA, 5. dhUmaprabhA, 6. tamaH prabhA aura 7 mahAtamaH prabhA / yaha sAtoM pRthviyA~ tIna vAtavalaya aura AkAza para sthita haiM aura kramazaH eka dUsarI ke nIce haiM tathA kramazaH eka dUsarI se adhika vistAravAlI haiM / yAnI kramazaH pahalI se dUsarI kI lambAI-caur3AI adhika hotI calI gaI hai; kiMtu moTAI ghaTatI gaI hai / ' una pRthviyoM meM naraka (nAraka) haiM / 1 dekheM, gaNitAnuyoga pRSTha 37, para abhayadeva sUrikRta TIkA For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 1-2 vizeSa- prastuta sUtra meM 'vAta' zabda AyA hai vaha vyAkaraNa ke niyama ke anusAra samasyanta hai / do 'vAta' zabdoM kA samAsa hone se eka vAta 'zabda' kA lopa ho gayA hai - vAtazca vAtazca vAtau / ataH 'ghanAmbuvAta' se ghanodadhivAta aura ghanavAta donoM hI samajhane caahie| aura 'ghana' zabda sAmAnya hai ataH isakA vizeSa tanuvAta bhI grahaNa kara lenA cAhie / isa prakAra sUtrokta 'ghanAmbuvAta' zabda meM ghanodadhivAta, ghanavAta aura tanuvAta- yaha tInoM hI garbhita hai / vivecana prastuta sUtroM meM narakavAsoM kI sthiti batAI gaI hai / kahA gayA ki sAta naraka pRthviyA~ athavA bhUmiyA~ haiM, jo kramazaH eka dUsarI haiM / narako kA vizeSa varNana narako ke nAma - ina sAta pRthviyoM ke nAma isa prakAra kramazaH batAye gaye hai 1. ghamA, 2. vaMsA, 3. zailA, 4, aMjanA, 5. riSThA, 6. maghA aura 7. mAghavatI / ( ThANaM 7 / 546 ) ratnaprabhA Adi jo pRthviyoM ke nAma prasiddha haiM, ve unake gotra haiM / yadi vicArapUrvaka dekhA jAya to ratnaprabhA Adi nAma usa sthAna vizeSa ke prabhAva, vAtAvaraNa (paryAvaraNa) ke kAraNa hai / ratnaprabhA bhUmi kAle varNa vAle bhayaMkara ratnoM se vyApta haiM / zarkarAprabhA bhUmi bhAle aura barachI se bhI adhika tIkSNa zUla jaise kaMkaroM se bharI hai / bAlukAprabhA pRthvI meM bhAr3a kI tapatI huI garma bAlU se bhI adhika uSNa 1 - bAlU hai paMkaprabhA meM rakta, mAMsa pIva Adi durgandhita padArthoM kA kIcar3a bharA hai dhUmaprabhA meM mirca Adi ke dhu~e se bhI adhika tIkSNa durgandha vAlA dhu~A vyApta rahatA hai / tamaH prabhA meM satata ghora aMdhakAra chAyA rahatA hai / mahAtama - prabhA meM ghorAtighora andhakAra vyApta hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adholoka tathA madhyaloka 135 ina sAtoM naraka pRthviyoM kA vizeSa varNana isa prakAra hai - 1. ratnaprabhA - ratnaprabhA ke tIna kAMDa (bhAga) haiM - 1. kharakAMDa, 2. paMkabahulakAMDa aura 3. apabahula kAMDa | channAtichatra AkAra meM sAtajArakI kA citra --samabhUtalA pRthvI ratnaprabhA nAraka 180000yo. pratara-1520 lAkhamarakAvAsa --lokamadhya zarkarAprabhA nA. 132000 yo. prattara-1125lpasana. 15lAsana. pratara-18 'vAlukAprabhA nA. 128000 yo. 10lAkhana. pratara-7 paMkaprabhA nA. 120000yo. adholoka madhya -dhUmaprabhAnA. .3lAkhana. .pratara-5 116000 yo. 19115ma. pratara-3 tamAprabhAnA. 116000yo. narakAvAsa pratara tamastamaprabhA 100000 mo. adholokasthiti darzana For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 1-2 kharakAMDa meM aneka prakAra ke nukIle bhayaMkara ratna haiM, paMkajabahula kAMDa meM atyAdhika kIcar3a hai aura apabahala kAMDa meM durgandhita jala.kI adhikatA h| isa pRthvI meM kharakAMDa kI moTAI 16000 yojana, paMkabahula kAMDa kI 84000 yojana aura apabahula kAMDa kI 80000 yojana hai / isa prakAra ratnaprabhA bhUmi kI kula moTAI 1 lAkha 80 hajAra yojana hai / . isameM se Upara aura nIce ke eka-eka hajAra yojana chor3akara zeSa 1,78,000 yojana meM 13 pAthar3e yAnI pRthvIpiMDa hai aura, 12 Antare yAnI avakAza athavA rikta sthAna hai / isa prakAra yaha 13 maMjila jaisA bhavana hai| pAthar3oM me narakAvAsa hai / ina narakAvAsoM kI saMkhyA 30 lAkha hai / Antaro me pahale do Antare rikta yAnI khAlI hai aura zeSa 10 meM bhavanapati devoM ke nivAsa haiM / dUsarI narakabhUmi se sAtavIM narakabhUmi taka ke sabhI Antare rikta hai / prathama narakabhUmi ke nArakI jIvoM kI kama se kama Ayu 10000 (dasa hajAra) varSa aura adhika se adhika Ayu 1 sAgara kI hai / / (2) zarkarAprabhA - isa bhUmi kI moTAI 1 lAkha 32 hajAra. yojana hai| isameM 11 pAthar3e aura 10 AMtare haiM / ina pAthar3oM meM 25 lAkha narakAvAsa jinameM nAraka jIva rahate haiM / ina nAraka jIvoM kI jaghanya Ayu 1 sAgara aura utkRSTa Ayu 3 sAgara kI hai / (3) bAlukAprabhA - isa bhUmi kI moTAI 1 lAkha 28 hajAra yojana hai / isameM 9 pAthar3e aura 8 AMtare haiM narakAvAsa 15 lAkha tathA jaghanya Ayu 3 sAgara va utkRSTa Ayu 7 sAgara kI hai / (4) paMkaprabhA - isa bhUmi kI moTAI 1 lAkha 20 hajAra yojana kI hai / pAthar3e 7 aura AMtare 6 haiM / narakAvAsa 10 lAkha tathA jaghanya aura utkRSTa Ayu kramaza : 7 tathA 10 sAgara kI hai / (5) dhUmaprabhA - isa bhUmi kI moTAI 1 lAkha 18 hajAra yojana, pAthar3e 5 aura AMtare 4 tathA 3 lAkha narakAvAsa haiM. yahA~ ke nAraka jIvoM kI jaghanya Ayu 10 sAgara aura utkRSTa Ayu 17 sAgara kI hai / (6) tamaHprabhA - moTAI 1 lAkha 16 hajAra yojana, 3 pAthaDe aura 2 AMtare, narakAvAsA 5 kama 1 lAkha haiM / Ayu jaghanya 17 sAgara aura utkRSTa 22 sAgara hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adholoka tathA madhyaloka 137 moTAI 1 lAkha 8 hajAra yojana, eka pAthaDA / narakAvAsa 5 haiM aura jaghanya Ayu 22 sAgara inameM (7) mahAtamaH prabhA hai isalie AMtarA nahIM hai tathA utkRSTa Ayu 33 sAgara hai / - (sAtoM narakabhUmiyo meM kula narakAvAsoM kI saMkhyA 84 lAkha ghora pApI jIva tIvrAtitIvra vedanA bhogate haiM / nArakiyoM kI zarIrasambandhI vizeSatAe~ nArakiyo kA vaikriya zarIra hotA hai / inake mUla zarIra kA parimANa isa prakAra hai pahalI naraka ke nArako ke zarIra kA pramANa paune ATha dhanuSa 6 aMgula, dUsare naraka ke nArako kA sAr3he pandraha dhanuSa 12 aMgula, tIsare naraka meM 211 / 4 ( savA ikkIsa) dhanuSa, cauthe meM 62 1 / 2 ( sAr3he bAsaTha ) dhanuSa pA~caveM meM 125 dhanuSa. chaThave meM 250 dhanuSa aura sAtaveM meM 500 dhanuSa pramANa kA zarIra hotA hai / - yaha utkRSTa pramANa hai aura kama se kama zarIra kA AkAra aMgula kA asakhyAtavAM bhAga haiM / I nAraka jIva ghora duHkha se duHkhI hokara apane zarIra kI uttara vaikriya karate haiM to mUla zarIra se dugune AkAra taka kA banA late haiM / yadyapi unakA yaha prayAsa kaSToM se bacane ke lie hotA hai kintu unakA kaSTa aura bar3ha jAtA hai / jijJAsA - yahA~ eka jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki narakabhUmiyA~ AkAza (AdhAra ke binA) meM kisa prakAra TikI huI haiM ? samAdhAna isa prazna kA samAdhAna bhagavatI sUtra zataka 1, uddezaka 6 meM diyA gayA hai / vahA~ lokasthiti sambandhI prazna pUchane para bhagavAna ne pharamAyA hai ki trasa aura sthAvara prANiyoM kA AdhAra pRthvI, hai, pRthvI kA AdhAra ghanodadhi hai, ghanodadhi ghanavAta para pratiSThita haiM, ghanavAta tanuvAta para aura tanuvAta AkAza para pratiSThita hai tathA AkAza apanA AdhAra svayaM hI hai, ise anya AdhAra kI apekSA nahIM hai / ise eka dRSTAnta se samajhAyA gayA hai / eka mazaka ko havA se bharakara phulA diyA jAya aura upara se usakA mu~ha DorI se bAMdha diyA jAya; phira bIca ke bhAga ko eka DorI se kasakara bAMdha diyA jAya / muMha ba~dhA hone se isameM se vAyu nikala nahIM sakatI sAtha hI bIca meM ba~dhI hone se mazaka do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita sI ho jAtI hai, usakA AkAra DugaDugI jaisA bana jAyegA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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138 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 1-2 taduparAnta mazaka kA mu~ha kholakara vAyu nikAla dI jAya aura usa bhAga meM pAnI bhara diyA jAya / isake bAda bIca kA bandhana bhI khola diyA jaay| isa sthiti meM bhI pAnI Upara hI rahegA, nIce nahIM jAyegA / sarala zabdoM meM vAyu ke AdhAra para pAnI avasthita rahegA / __yahI sthiti loka kI hai, narakoM kI hai aura pRthvI kI bhI hai / pRthvI ke viSaya meM paurANika kAla meM aneka mAnyatAe~ pracalita thI, yathA-pRthvI zeSanAga ke phana para TikI hai, kacchapa kI pITha, para avasthita hai Adi-Adi / kintu jainadarzana kI mAnyatA ina sabhI prakAra kI mAnyatAoM se bhinna rahI hai / jaina darzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra loka ghanodadhi para, ghanodadhi ghanavAta para aura ghanavAta tanuvAta para sthira hai tathA tanuvAta AkAza para sthira h| ghanodadhi jalajAtIya hai aura jame hue ghI ke samAna hai / yaha asaMkhyAta yojana vistRta hai tathA loka ke (aura narakoM ke bhI) cAro ora avasthitaise ber3he hue (veSTita kiye) haiM / ghanodadhi ko ghanavAta ber3he hue haiM / ghanavAta vAyujAtIya hai aura tanuvAta pighale hue ghI ke samAna hai / ghanavAta tanuvAta ke AdhAra para TikI huI hai / tanuvAta ghanavAta ko cAro ora se Avarita kiye hue haiM / tanuvAta ke nIce asaMkhyAta yojana vistRta AkAza hai / vahA~ taka dharmAstikAya Adi 5 dravya haiM / dharmAstikAya kI samApti ke bindu se Age asaMkhyAta yojana vistRta AkAza hai / dharmAstikAya Adi pA~ca dravyoM ke antima bindu taka loka hai aura isake Age kA asaMkhyAta yojana kA AkAza alokAkAza kahalAtA hai / vahA~ AkAza ke atirikta anya koI bhI dravya nahIM hai / ghanavAta Adi ke lie vaijJAnika paryAvaraNa athavA vAyumaNDala zabda kA prayoga karate haiM / unakI mAnyatA hai ki eka nizcita sImA taka pRthvI ke cAro ora kA vAyumaNDala saghana aura phira kramazaH virala hotA gayA hai / yaha vaijJAnika mAnyatA ghanodadhi, ghanavAta aura tanuvAta kI avasthiti ko hI pramANita kara rahI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #163
adholoka tathA madhyaloka 139 narakoM ke viSaya meM to vaijJAnika koI khoja kara hI nahIM sake haiM / lokasthiti evaM AkAra - jaina zAstra (bhagavatI sUtra 7/1/4) meM isa SaDdravyAtmaka loka ko 'supratiSThaka saMsthAna' vAlA batAyA gayA hai / isa loka ke AkAra kI saMracanA isa prakAra batAI gaI haiM - eka sakorA jamIna para ulTA rakhA jAya, usa para dUsarA sakorA sIdhA aura usa para tIsarA sakorA ulTA rakhane para jo AkRti banatI haiM, vaha loka kA AkAra haiM / __ yaha loka tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita haiM - (1) Urdhvaloka, (2) madhyaloka aura (3) adholoka (1) Urdhvaloka - isakA vistRta varNana caturtha adhyAya ke prArambha meM kiyA gayA hai / (2) madhyaloka - isakA vistRta varNana isI adhyAya ke sUtra 7 tathA Age ke sUtroM meM kiyA gayA hai / . (3) adholoka - isameM sAta naraka avasthita haiM / yaha sampUrNa loka 14 rAjU U~cA hai tathA isakA ghanaphala 343 rAjU pramANa hai / isameM nIce se Upara taka stambhAkAra eka rAjU caur3I trasa nAr3I ha / isa trasa nAr3I me hI trasa jIva rahate haiM, yahA~ sthAvarakAya ke jIvoM kI bhI avasthiti hai / kintu trasa nAr3I ke bAhara sirpha sUkSma ekendriya sthAvarakAya ke jIva hI haiM aura usake Age ananta aloka haiM / loka ke jo adholoka Adi tIna vibhAga haiM ve trasa nAr3I kI apekSA haiM tathA jambUdvIpa sthita meruparvata ko AdhAra mAnakara inakA vibhAga kiyA gayA ina tInoM meM se Urdhvaloka 7 rAjU U~cA, hai madhyaloka 1800 yojana kA hai (900 yojana Upara aura 900 yojana meruparvata ke mUla meM nIce) aura zeSa meM adholoka hai / madhyaloka eka rAjU caur3A hai / Urdhvaloka pahale-dUsare svarga taka to 1 rAjU caur3A hai aura phira bar3hate bar3hate pA~caveM devaloka taka pA~ca rAjU caur3A ho gayA / taduparAnta isakI caur3AI kama hotI gaI hai aura antima bhAga taka pahuMcate-pahuMcate isakI caur3AI eka rAjU hI raha gaI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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140 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 1-2 - vahA~ 45 lAkha yojana (manuSya loka athavA DhAI dvIpa pramANa) AkAra kI siddha zilA hai, jahA~ usake aura upara siddha jIva zAzvata sukha meM nimagna rahate haiM / (salaMgnaloka citra se yaha spaSTa samajhA jA skegaa|) sidhda zilA IMeBepaMca anutara , Teeel leel nava eee}veyako AraNa acyuta AnatA prANata sahastrAra Udhvasnoka lAnsaka brahma mAmA kA za (c)tiryaga loka a lo kA kAza sarAgA paMka bhAga a lo kA adholoLa zarkarA prabhA bAlukA prabhA paMka prabhA dhUma prabhA tamaHprabhA mahAtamaH prabhA loka puruSa : loka saMsthAna AkRti For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #165
adholoka tathA madhyaloka 141 isa prakAra loka kI adhikatama caur3AI 7 rAjU, kama se kama caur3AI 1 rAjU hai tathA yaha 14 rAjU U~cA hai / isakA kula ghanaphala 343 ghana rAjU hai / isameM se adholoka ke 196 ghana rAjU haiM aura urdhvaloka ke 147 ghana rAjU haiM / yadyapi loka kI adhikatama caur3AI 7 rAjU hai kintu jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, trasa jIva to 1 rAjU caur3I stambhAkAra 14 rAjU U~cI trasa nAr3I meM hI rahate haiM / trasa - nAr3I ke bAhara sirpha sUkSma sthAvara jIva hI h| loka kA vistAra yahA~ yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki loka ko caudaha rajvAtmaka kahA gayA hai aura ghanaphala kI apekSA 343 rAjU pramANa to eka rAjU kA pramANa kyA hai ? vaha kitanA lambA, caur3A hai aura isa loka kA kitanA vistAra hai ? - isa viSaya meM bhagavatI sUtra meM chaha devoM kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai / ( vRttAkAra jambUdvIpa 1 lAkha yojana lambA-caur3A haiM aura usakI paridhi 3,16,227 yojana, 3 kosa, 128 dhanuSa aura kucha adhika 13 // aMgula hai / isa jambUdvIpa meM 1 lAkha yojana U~cA meru parvata hai / kalpanA karo - mahAna Rddhi vAle chaha devatA' meru parvata kI cUlikA para khar3e haiM aura cAra deviyA~ jambUdvIpa kI 8 yojana U~cI jagatI para bAhara kI ora muMha karake khaDI hai / unake hAtha meM balipiNDa hai / ve balipiNDoM ko nIce girAtI hai| ThIka usI kSaNa meru cUlikA para khaDe deva calate hai aura jambudvIpa kI paridhi kA pUrA cakkara lagAkara balipiNDoM ko jamIna para girane se pahale hI bIca meM lapaka lete haiM / isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki devoM kI gati kucha hI kSaNoM meM 4, 16 yojana (1 lAkha yojana merU parvata kI U~cAI se nIce AnA aura 3 lAkha 16 hajAra yojana kI paridhi lAMghanA) gati karane kI hai / yadi ve chahoM deva (cAra deva cAra dizAoM meM aura 2 deva Urdhva aura adho dizA meM) isI gati se lagAtAra calate jAyeM aura lagabhaga dasa hajAra varSa taka (eka-eka hajAra varSa kI Ayu vAle manuSya kI sAta pIr3hiyA~ aura unake nAma gotra bhI naSTa ho jAya~ isa apekSA se) calate hI raheM to bhI 1. cha mahiDDhiyA jAva mahesakkhA devA jaMbudIve dIve maMdare pavvae maMdara cUliyA savvaoM samaMtA saMparikkhittANaM ciTThejjA..... zataka 11/10 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #166
142 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 1-2 loka kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga zeSa raha jAtA hai, yAnI ve loka ke anta taka nahIM pahu~ca pAte / jaina dRSTi se upamA dvArA yaha loka - vistAra kA rUpaka batAyA gayA hai / rAjU ke vistAra kI to kalpanA hI kI jA sakatI hai / Adhunika zatAbdI ke prasiddha vaijJAnika AinsTIna ne eka kalpanA prastuta kI hai / prakAza kI kiraNeM prati saikiNDa 1 lAkha 86 hajAra mIla calatI haiM, yadi yaha kiraNeM saMsAra kI parikramA kareM to inheM 12 karor3a prakAza varSa laga jAyeMge / isa sampUrNa kathana kA sAra yaha hai ki yaha loka atyadhika vistRta haiM, isake ora-chora kA patA lagAnA chadmastha (alpajJAnI) ke lie asambhava hI hai / yaha to kevalajJAna gamya hI hai / L yaha jaina dRSTi dvArA loka kA sAmAnya varNana hai / prasaMgopAtta hone se yahA~ sUcana kiyA gayA hai; kyoMki Age isI adhyAya ke ke sUtra loka se sambandhita haiM / vizeSa varNana una sUtroM ke I Agama vacana - aNNamaNNassa kAyaM abhihaNamANA veyaNaM udIreMti....... / ityAdI / -- jIvAbhigama, pra03, u02, sUtra 89 imehiM vivihehiM Auhe hiM..... asubhehiM veuvviehiM paharaNasatte hiM aNubandha tivvaverA paropparaveyaNaM udIreti / tathA cauthe adhyAya sAtha kiyA jaayegaa| -- praznavyAkaraNa, adharmavdAra 1, kAdhikAra te NaM NaragA aMto vaTTA bAhiM cauraMsA ahe khurappasaMThANasaMThiyA NiccaMdhayAratamasA... asubhA NaragA asubhAo Naragesu veaNAo / prajJApanA pada 2, narakAdhikAra neraiyANaM tao lesAo paNNatA, taM jahA - kaNhalessA nIlalessA kAU lessA | - sthAnAMga, sthAna3, u01, sUtra 132 atisItaM, atiuNhaM, atitaNhA, atikhuhA, atibhayaM vA, Nirae raiyANaM dukkhasayAiM avissAmaM / - jIvAbhigama, prati0 3, sUtra 95 For Personal & Private Use Only

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haiN| adholoka tathA madhyaloka 143 ( vahA~ paraspara eka-dUsare ke zarIra ko pIr3A dete hue vedanA utpanna karate aneka prakAra ke Ayudha-zastra - mudgara, bhusaNDi Adi tathA anya azubha vikriyAoM se saikar3oM coTa karate hue tIvra vaira kA bandhana karake eka dUsare ko vedanA utpanna karate haiM / vaha naraka ke bila andara se gola, bAhara se caukora tathA nIce churI kI racanA ke samAna haiM / vahA~ sadA gahana andhakAra rahatA hai aura mAMsa kI kIcar3a se saba ora pute hue, apavitra Asana vAle, va parama azubha hote haiM / unako kaSTa bhI azubha hote haiM / nArakiyoM ke tIna lezyA hotI haiM- kRSNalezyA, nIlalezyA, kApota lezyA nArakiyoM ko atyanta zIta lagatA hai, atyanta garmI lagatI hai, atyanta pyAsa lagatI hai, atyanta bhUkha lagatI hai aura atyanta bhaya lagatA hai / vahA~ to kevala duHkha, asAtA aura avizrAma hI hai / ) nArakiyoM ke duHkha- nityAzu bhatarale zyApariNAmade have danAvikriyA // 3 // parasparodIritaduHkhAH // 4 / saMkliSTAsuro dIritaduHkhAzca prAk caturthyAH | 5 | una (nArakajIva ) kI lezyA, pariNAma, deha, vedanA aura vikriyA nirantara (sadA hI) azubhatara hotI haiM / ve paraspara eka-dusare ko duHkha dete rahate haiM / cauthI naraka bhUmi se pahale yAnI tIsarI narakabhUmi taka saMkliSTa asura bhI unheM pIr3ita karate haiM / vivecana prastuta sUtra 3, 4, 5 meM naraka aura narakoM meM nivAsa karane vAle nArakI jIvoM ke duHkha batAye gaye haiM / - nitya * nitya zabda kA artha yahA~ nirantara athavA sadaiva hai / nArakI - (jIvoM ko sadA duHkha hI duHkha hai / sukha kA leza bhI nahIM hai / tIrthaMkara ke janma ke samaya unheM kucha kSaNa ke lie sukha kA anubhava hotA hai / vaise vahA~ duHkha hI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #168
144 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 3-4-5 azubhatara zabda yahA~ dvi-saMdhAnaka hai / prathama to narakoM kI racanA ke lie aura dUsare nArakI jIvoM kI lezyA Adi ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM / narakoM kI racanA uttarottara azubha aura azubhatara hotI calI gaI hai / prathama narakabhUmi ke pudgala sparza, varNa, rasa, gaMdha Adi meM jitane azubha haiM, dUsarI naraka bhUmi ke pudgala usase bhI adhika azubha haiM / isI krama se sAtavIM naraka bhUmi ke pudgala sarvAdhika azubha haiM / T yahI bAta narakoM ke AkAra, saMsthAna Adi ke bAre meM haiM / - lezyA yoga aura kaSAya raMjita pariNAmoM ko lezyA kahA jAtA I hai / jaisA ki Agamokta uddharaNa se spaSTa hai ki nAraka jIvoM meM kRSNa nIla, kApota -- yaha tIna lezyA hotI haiM / inameM kApota se adhika azubha nIla lezyA aura kRSNalezyA azubhatama hai / -- I pahalI ratnaprabhA narakabhUmi ke nArakI jIvoM kI kApota lezyA hai / dUsarI naraka zarkarAprabhA ke nArakiyoM kI hai to kApotalezyA hI kintu prathama naraka ke nArakiyoM kI apekSA adhika azubha haiM, inake pariNAma adhika saMkliSTa rahate haiM / isI prakAra bAlakAprabhA ke nArakiyoM meM kApota aura nIla donoM lezyA haiM, paMkaprabhA ke nArikayoM meM nIla lezyA, dhUmraprabhA ke nArakiyoM kI nIla aura kRSNalezyA, tamaHprabhA ke nArakiyoM kI kRSNalezyA aura mahAtamaH prabhA ke nArakiyoM kI mahAkRSNa lezyA hai / kApota, nIla aura kRSNa lezyA azubha, azubhatara aura azubhatama haiN| ye adhikAdhika saMklezakArI hai / pariNAma - pudgala paramANu jinase naraka ( naraka biloM) kI racanA huI hai, ve to azubhatara, azubhatama haiM hI kintu unameM rahane vAle jIvoM (nArakiyoM) ke Atma-pariNAma bhI pahalI se sAtavIM taka azubhatara hote cale gaye haiM / pahalI naraka ke nArakiyoM kI apekSA dUsarI naraka ke nArakiyoM ke bhAva (pariNAma) adhika azubha haiM / yahI krama sAtaveM naraka taka calatA gayA hai aura sAtavI naraka ke nArakiyoM ke bhAva ghora azubha haiM / deha (zarIra ) nArakiyoM ke zarIra bhI kramazaH adhika bIbhasta, ghRNAspada, bhayAvane hote cale gaye haiM / prathama naraka ke nArakI ke zarIra kI apekSA dUsare naraka ke nArakI kA zarIra adhika bIbhatsa hai / isI krama se - For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka tathA madhyaloka 145 sAtavI naraka ke nArakiyoM kA zarIra atyanta ghRNAspada, bIbhatsa aura durgandhayukta hai / I kintu inake zarIra kI avagAhanA (AkAra) kramazaH bar3hatA calA gayA hai / pahale naraka ke nAraka kA mUla zarIra paune ATha dhanuSa 6 aMgula hai / dUsare naraka meM yaha bar3hatA calA gayA hai aura sAtaveM naraka ke nAraka kA zarIra 500 dhanuSa haiM / vikriyA vikriyA kA artha hai mUla zarIra ko choTA-bar3A banAne aura vibhinna rUpa banAne kI zakti / nAraka jIvoM ko yaha zakti kSetra vizeSa ke kAraNa sahaja hI prApta hotI hai / ve apane mUla zarIra kA AkAra mUla se dugunA kara sakate haiM / vedanA narakoM me tIna prakAra kI vedanA nAraka jIvoM ko bhoganI par3atI hai - (1) kSetrajanya, (2) parasparajanya - nArakiyoM dvArA eka-dUsare ko dI jAne vAlI aura (3) paramAdhAmI devoM dvArA dI jAne vAlI vedanA, pIr3A / kaSTa aura - - yadyapi nArakI jIva yaha sArI vedanAe~ apane ke phalasvarUpa bhogatA haiM; kintu nimitta kI apekSA ye (ka) kSetrajanya vedanA - isa vedanA kA kAraNa naraka - bhUmi hai / naraka kI bhUmi kA sparza chure kI dhAra jaisA hai, atyanta durgandha hai, bhaya hI bhaya hai cAro ora I pahalI tIna narakabhUmiyoM meM jIva ko uSNa vedanA ( atyadhika tApa) kI vedanA bhoganI par3atI haiM, cauthI meM tApa - zIta, pA~cavIM meM zIta tApa, chaThI meM zIta aura sAtavIM meM ghora zIta bhogatA hai / nArakoM ke zIta- tApa kitane ugra haiM isa viSaya meM kahA gayA hai - yadi ve jIva madhyaloka ke atyadhika ThaNDe yA garma kSetra meM A jAyeM to ve apane ko bahuta sukhI mAna uTheM, sukha se so jAyeM nArakI jIvoM ko bahuta - atyadhika bhUkha-pyAsa lagatI hai kintu unheM na khAne ko anna kA eka dAnA milatA hai, na pIne ko eka bU~da pAnI ho / anya sabhI prakAra kI vedanAe~ to haiM hai / pUrvajanma meM kiye pApoM tIna bheda batAye gaya ha / (kha) parasparajanya vedanA nArakI jIva paraspara vaira bhAva ke kAraNa kutte-billI kI taraha lar3A karate haiM, eka kSaNa ko bhI zAnta nahIM baiTha sakate, Apasa meM mAra-pITa karate hI rahate haiM, eka-dUsare ko adhika se adhika kaSTa aura pIDA dete hI rahate haiM I - For Personal & Private Use Only

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146 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 3-4-5 (ga) paramAdhArmika devajanya vedanA paramAdhArmika deva bhavanapati jAti ke deva hote haiM / prathama naraka bhUmi meM jo 12 AMtare batAye gaye haiM; unameM se bIca ke dasa AMtaroM meM bhavanapati deva rahate haiM / paramAdhArmika deva 15 prakAra ke haiM 1. amba, 2. ambarISa, 3. zyAma, 4. sabala, 5. rudra, 6. mahArudra, 7. kAla, 8. mahAkAla, 9. asipatra, 10. dhanuSya, 11. kumbha, 12. bAlukA, 13. vaitaraNI, 14 kharasvara aura 15. mahAghoSa. - - yaha 15 prakAra ke paramAdhArmika deva saMkliSTa pariNAma vAle hote haiM / dUsaroM ko dukhI karane meM inheM Ananda AtA hai / jaise - durjana vyakti zAMta baiThe kuttoM ko paraspara lar3Akara majA lete haiM, vaisI hI pravRtti ina paramAdhArmika devoM kI hotI hai / yaha bhI nArakiyoM ko ukasAte haiM, mArapITa karAte haiM aura majA lete haiM / yaha tIsarI naraka taka ke nArakiyoM ko paraspara lar3Ate haiM,. unake kaSToM ko bar3hAte haiM / inake dvArA dI gaI vedanA deva-janya yA adharmajanya vedanA kahI jAtI hai / isa prakAra nArakI jIvoM ko nirantara duHkha, kaSTa aura vedanA hI bhoganI par3atI haiM / unake kaSTa ananta haiM, isa pRthvI para koI bhI aisA duHkha nahIM jisake sAtha unake duHkho kI tulanA kI jA sake / nArakI jIva ina atyadhika aura ghora kaSToM se ghabar3Akara marane kI icchA karate haiM; kintu unakI yaha icchA bhI pUrI nahIM ho pAtI / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki inakI Ayu anapavartya hotI hai / aisI Ayu bIca meM TUTa hI nahIM sakato / vaha to pUrI kI pUrI bhoganI hI par3atI hai / Agama vacana - sAgarovamamegaM tu, ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / paDhamAe jahanneNaM dasavAsasahassiyA / 160 / .. tettIsa sAgarA u, ukkoseNe viyAhiyA / sattamAe jahanneNaM bAvIsaM sAgarovamA / 166 / uttarAdhyayana sUtra 36/160-66 (prathama naraka kI jaghanya Ayu daza hajAra varSa aura utkRSTa Ayu eka sAgara hai / dUsare naraka kI jaghanya Ayu eka sAgara tathA utkRSTa Ayu tIna sAgara hai / tIsare naraka kI jaghanya Ayu tIna sAgara aura utkRSTa Ayu sAta sAgara hai / cauthe naraka kI jaghanya Ayu sAta sAgara aura utkRSTa Ayu daza sAgara hai / pAMcaveM naraka kI jaghanya Ayu daza sAgara aura utkRSTa Ayu saha 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhAloka tathA madhyaloka 147 sAgara haiM / chaThe naraka kI jaghanya Ayu satraha sAgara aura utkRSTa Ayu bAIsa sAgara hai / sAtaveM naraka kI jaghanya Ayu bAIsa sAgara aura utkRSTa Ayu tetIsa sAgara hai / nAraka jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu - teSvekatrisaptadazasaptadazadvAviMzatitrayastrizat sAgaropamA : satvAnAM parA sthitiH / 6 / una nAraka jIvoM kI (bhUmiyo ke krama ke anusAra) eka, tIna, sAta, daza, satraha, bAIsa aura tetIsa sAgara kI utkRSTa Ayu hai / vizeSa - yahA~ uddhRta Agama gAthA meM nAraka jIvoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya donoM hI prakAra kI Ayu kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jabaki prastuta sUtra meM sirpha utkRSTa Ayu hI batAI gaI hai / inakI jaghanya Ayu kA varNana adhyAya 4 ke sUtra 43-44 meM kiyA gayA hai / / vivecana - prathama pRthvI ratnaprabhA ke nArakiyoM kI utkRSTa Ayu eka sAgara, dUsarI naraka ke nArakiyoM kI tIna sAgara, tIsarI naraka ke nArikayoM kI sAta sAgara, cauthI naraka ke nArakiyoM kI dasa sAgara, pA~cavIM naraka ke nArakiyoM kI satraha sAgara, chaThI naraka ke nArakiyoM kI bAIsa sAgara aura sAtavIM naraka ke nArakiyoM kI tetIsa sAgara haiM / yaha ina sabhI nAraka jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu sthiti hai / vizeSa - yahAM adholoka kA varNana pUrA ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nArakI jIvoM ko duHkha hI duHkha haiM / unakI Ayu bhI bahuta lambI hai, ataH lambe samaya taka unhe duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM, kyoki unakI Ayu bIca meM nahI TUTa sakatI, pUrI hI bhoganI par3atI hai / ataH sahaja hI yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki kisa-kisa gati ke kaunakauna se jIva kisa-kisa naraka meM utpanna hote haiM aura yaha apanI ghora kaSTapUrNa Ayu pUrI karake kisa-kisa gati meM utpanna ho sakate haiM / isa jijJAsA kA sAmAnya samAdhAna yaha hai ki devagati se Ayu pUrNa karake koI bhI jIva naraka gati meM utpanna nahIM ho sakatA, sAtha hI nArakI jIva bhI naraka Ayu pUrNa karake punaH naraka meM utpanna nahIM hotA / isake sAtha yaha bhI niyama hai ki nArakI jIva Ayu pUrNa karake devagati meM utpanna nahIM hotaa| isakA sIdhA sA phalitArtha yaha hai naraka meM Ane vAle/utpanna hone For Personal & Private Use Only

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148 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 6 / vAle jIva manuSya aura tiryaMca gati se hI Ate haiM aura apanI narakAyu bhogakara tiryaMca athavA manuSya gati meM hI utpanna hote haiM / __ jIvoM ke utpanna hone ko Agati aura Ayu pUrNa karake dUsarI gati meM janma lene ko gati kahA jAtA hai / bhASya ke anusAra nArakI jIvoM kI gati aura Agati kA varNana nimna prakAra hai - . Agati - asaMjJI jIva (ekendriya se lekara caurindriya taka ke sabhI jIva tathA manarahita paMcendriya jIva bhI) pahalI naraMkabhUmi taka meM janma le sakate haiM |bhujprisrp (nevalA, cUhA Adi) dUsarI naraka bhUmi taka, khecara (pakSI) tIsarI narakabhUmi taka, sthalacara (sihaM, azva Adi) cAra narakabhUmiyoM taka, uraparisarpa (sarpa Adi) pA~cavIM naraka bhUmi taka, strI chaThI bhUmi taka aura manuSya sAtavIM bhUmi taka utpanna ho sakate haiM / gatAgata dvAra ke anusAra prathama naraka meM 25 jIvoM kI Agati hai - 15 karmabhUmija, 5 saMjJI tiryaMca paMcendriya 5 asaMjJI tiryaMca paMcendriya / dUsarI naraka meM 5 asaMjJI paMcendriya ko chor3akara 20 jIva utpanna hote haiM / tIsarI meM bhujaparisarpa ko chor3akara 19, cauthI meM khecara chor3akara 19, pAMcavI meM sthalacara chor3akara 17, chaThI meM uparaparisarpa chor3akara 16 tathA sAtavIM meM bhI 16 jIva bhI Agati haiM, kiMtu strI marakara sAtavIM naraka meM utpanna nahIM hotI / gati - pahalI se tIsarI naraka taka ke jIva manuSyagati meM utpanna hokara tIrthaMkara padavI taka prApta kara sakate haiM / pahalI se cauthI naraka taka ke nAraka manuSya gati meM Akara nirvANa prApta kara sakate haiM / pAMcavIM naraka ke nAraka (manuSyagati pAkara saMyama grahaNa kara sakate haiM / chaThI naraka se nikale nAraka dezavirita aura sAtavIM naraka se nikale nAraka samyaktva dhAraNa kara sakate hai| isa prakAra yahAM taka adholoka, naraka aura nAraka jIvoM kA varNana pUrA huA / (tAlikA pRSTha 149 para dekheM) tiryak loka (madhyaloka) Agama vacana goyamA ! assiM tiriyaloe jaMbuddIvAiyA dIvA lavaNAiyA samuddA .. asaMkhejajA dIva-samuddA sayaMbhUramaNapajjavasANA .. - jIvAiba. pa. 3 u. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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nAraka jIva (tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra) & 31 / " For Personal & Private Use Only krama naraka nAma . Ayu lezyA vedanA avagAhanA 1 jaghanya / utkRSTa 1. | ratnaprabhA | kApota lezyA tApa (uSNa) vedanA |7|| dhanuSa 6 aMgula | 10000 varSa | 1 sAgara zarkarAprabhA | tIvra saMklezakArI kApotalezyA | 15 // " 12" 1 sAgara bAlukAprabhA | kApota-nIla lezyA paMkaprabhA nIla lezyA tApa-zIta vedanA / dhUmaprabhA | nIla-kRSNa lezyA zIta-tApa vedanA 125 maHprabhA | kRSNa lezyA zIta vedanA | 250 mahAtamaHprabhA| tIvratama kRSNa lezyA zItatama vedanA OM 4.2 // adhAloka tathA madhyaloka . OM OM |500 1. avagAhanA kA artha mUla zarIra kA AkAra hai aura nAraka jIva vikriyA dvAra, apane zarIra ko dugunA bar3hA sakate haiM / 149

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150 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 7-8 (he gautama! isa tiryakloka meM jambUdvIpa Adi asaMkhya dvIpa, lavaNa samudra Adi asaMkhya samudra haiM, sabase anta meM svayaMbhUramaNa samudra haiM / ) jaMbaddIvaM NAma dIvaM lavaNe NAmaM samudde vaTTe valayAgArasaMThANasaMThite sabbato samaMtA saMparikkhattA NaM ciT Thiti - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti 3, u.2, sUtra 154 jaMbuddIvAiyA dIvA lavaNAdIyA samuddA saMThANato egavihavidhANA vitthArato aNegavidhavidhANA duguNAduguNe paDuppAemANA pavittharamANA AbhAsamANavIciA - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti 3 u. 2, sUtra 123 (jambUdvIpa nAma kA dvIpa haiM aura lavaNasamudra nAma kA samudra hai / vaha gola valaya ke AkAra meM sthita hai aura jambUdvIpa ko cAroM ora se ghere hue (jambUdvIpa Adi dvIpoM aura lavaNa Adi samudroM kI racanA kI apekSA eka hI bheda hai, kintu vistAra se aneka prakAra ke bheda haiM / yaha dugune-dugune hote hue vistAra ko prApta hote hue zobhita haiM / ) vizeSa - sArAMza yaha hai ki saba dvIpa-samudroM kA vistAra pahalepahale se dugunA-dugunA hai aura vaha gola AkRti ko dhAraNa karate hue pUrva-pUrva ko ghere huaiM haiM / ) tiryak loka ke dvIpa-samudra - . jaMbUdvIpalavaNAdaya : zubhanAmAno dvIpasamudrA : / 7 / dvirdvirviSkambhA : pUrva-pUrva parikSepiNo valayAkRtaya : / 8 / jambUdvIpa Adi dvIpa aura lavaNasamudra Adi zubha nAma vAle dvIpasamudra yaha sabhI dvIpa-samudra dugune-dugune vistAra vAle, cUr3I ke samAna AkAra vAle, apane se pahale-pahale ke dvIpa samudra ko ghere hue haiM / vivecana - prastuta do sUtroM meM tiryaka loka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa tiryakloka meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudra haiM aura ye sabhI dvIpa-samudra dugune-dugane vistAra vAle haiM / inakA AkAra cUr3I ke samAna gola haiM tathA yaha apane se pahale dvIpa-samudra ko cAroM ora se ghere hue haiM / ina sUtroM dvArA jainadRSTimAnya tiryakloka athavA madhyaloka kI racanA batAI gaI hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki madhyaloka cUr3I ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhAloka tathA madhyaloka 151 samAna gola AkAra vAlA hai / dvIpa, samudra ko aura samudra, dvIpa ko paraspara veSTita kiye hue haiM / madhyaloka ke madhya meM jambUdvIpa haiM, phira lavaNasamudra haiM / isI prakAra dvIpa aura samudra ke krama se calate hue isa madhyaloka kA antima dvIpa hai / svayaMbhUramaNa dvIpa aura antima samudra svayaMbhUramaNa nAma kA samudra use ghere hue hai / svayaMbhUramaNa dvIpa aura samudra madhyaloka ke antima dvIpa-samudra haiM / Agama vacana - ___jaMbuddIve savvaddIvasamuddANaM savvabhaMtArAe savvakhuDDAe vaTTe.. ega joyaNasahassaM AyAmavikkhabheNaM. - jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra 1/3 jaMbuddIvassa bahumajjhadesabhAe ettha NaM jaMbuddIve mandare NAma pavvae paNNatte / NavaNautijoaNasahassAI uddhaM uccatteNaM egaM joaNasahassa uvveheNaM / - jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra 103 jaMbuddIve sattavAsA paNNattA; taM jahA - bharahe eravate hemavate heraNNavate harivAse rammavAse mahAvidehe / - sthAnAMga, sthA, 7, sU. 555 jaMbuddIve cha vAsaharapavvatA paNNattA, taM jahA - cullahimavaMrte mahAhimavante nisaDhe nIlavaMte ruppi siharI / - sthAnAMga sthAna 6, sUtra 524 (gola AkAra kA jambUdvIpa saba dvIpa samudro ke bIca meM sabase choTA hai, isakA vistAra eka lAkha yojana hai / jaMbUdvIpa ke ThIka bIcoMbIca sumeru nAma kA parvata hai, yaha pRthvI ke Upara 99 hajAra yojana U~cA hai, eka hajAra yojana pRthvI ke andara hai / jaMbUdvIpa meM sAta kSetra haiM- bharata, airavata, haimavata, airaNyavata, harivarSa, ramyakavarSa aura mahAvideha / jaMbUdvIpa meM una sAta kSetroM ko bA~Tane vAle (pUrva se pazcima taka laMbe) chaha kulAcala (varSadhara) parvata hai / vaha isa prakAra haiM (1) culla himavanta (choTA himavAna), (2) mahAhimavAna (3) niSadha (4) nIla (5) rukmi aura (6) zikharI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 9-10-11 jaMbUdvIpa kI sthiti - tanmadhye merunAbhirvR tto yojanazatasahastraviSkambho jaMbUdvIpaH / 9 / tatra bharatahaimavataharivideharamyakahairaNyavatairAvatavarSAH kSetrANi / 10 / tadvibhAjinaH pUrvAparAyatA himavanmahAhimavanniSadhanIlarUkmizikhariNo varSadharaparvatA : / 11 / - una saba (dvIpa-samudroM) ke bIca meM jaMbUdvIpa hai / isakI lambAIcaur3AI (vyAsa) eka lAkha yojana hai / isake madhya meM nAbhi ke samAnagolAkAra meru parvata hai / ___isa jambUdvIpa meM bharatavarSa, haimavatavarSa, harivarSa, videha, ramyakavarSa, hairaNyavatavarSa tathA aivatavarSa-yaha sAta kSetra hai / ina kSetroM kA vibhAjana (paraspara pRthak) karane vAle chaha varSadhara parvata haiM - himavAna, mahAhimavAna, niSadha, nIla, rUkmI aura zikharI / yaha varSadhara parvata pUrva se pazcima taka phaile hue hai / vivecana - prastuta sutra 9 se 11 taka jambUdvIpa kI bhaugolika sthiti kA varNana huA hai / ___jambUdvIpa, una asaMkhyAta dvIpoM meM sabase choTA hai / yaha cUDI ke samAna gola (circular) hai / isakA vyAsa 1 lAkha yojana hai / isake madhya meM meruparvata pUrva pazcima meM hI 'jIvA' ke rUpa meM chaha varSadhara parvata haiM - himavAna, mahAhimavAna, niSadha, nIla, rukmI aura zikharI / ina parvatoM ke kAraNa jambUdvIpa bharatavarSa, haimavatavarSa, harivarSa, videhavarSa, ramyakavarSa, hairaNyavatavarSa aura airavatavarSa ina sAta kSetroM meM vibhAjita ho gayA hai / yadyapi mUlasUtra meM to jambUdvIpa, merUparvata tathA varSa (kSetra) aura varSadhara parvatoM kA sAmAnya varNana hI haiM; kintu AcArya umAsvAti ne svayaM apane bhASya meM inakA vizeSa varNana kiyA hai| usake anusAra inakA vizeSa paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / ___ meruparvata - meruparvata eka lAkha yojana U~cA hai / vaha 99000 yojana pRthvI ke Upara hai aura 100 yojana pRthvI ke andara / pRthvI ke andara vAle bhAga kI caur3AI sarvatra 1000 yojana hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adholoka tathA madhyaloka 153 meruparvata tInoM lokoM ke vibhAjana kA AdhAra haiM, pRthvI tala se 900 yojana nIce taka madhyaloka hai aura phira 100 yojana nIce adholoka ko sparza karatA hai tathA isakI cUlikA ke Upara Urdhvaloka zurU ho jAtA hai| isakI tirachI dizA meM asaMkhyAtayojana taka madhyaloka hai / meruparvata ke 3 kANDaka hai / pahalA kANDaka 1 hajAra yojana kA pRthvI ke andara haiM, dUsarA kANDaka pRthvI tala se 63 hajAra yojana pRthvI ke Upara hai aura tIsarA kANDaka, dUsare kANDaka ke Upara 36 hajAra yojana U~cA hai| prathama kANDaka meM zuddhapRthvI, hIrA, patthara Adi haiM / dUsare kANDaka meM cA~dI, sonA, aMkaratna aura sphaTika hai / tIsare kANDaka meM prAyaH suvarNa hI haiM / meruparvata para bhadrazAla, nandana, saumanasa aura pANDuka - yaha 4 vana haiM / ina cAra vanoM se meru parvata cAroM ora se ghirA huA hai / bhadrazAla vana meru parvata ke mUla meM haiM / nandanavana usase 500 yojana Upara calakara haiM / usase 62 / / hajAra yojana Upara saumanasavana hai / somanasa vana se 36 hajAra yojana Upara pANDukavana hai / __ meru kA zikhara athavA cUlikA 40 yojana pramANa hai / pANDula vana isI ke cAroM ora haiM / dizAoM kA nirNaya - loka ke ThIka madhyabhAga meM ATha rucaka pradeza haiM / yaha sadA avasthita rahate haiM / ina ATha rUcaka pradeza se hI cAra dizAoM aura cAra vidizAoM kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai ) yaha nizcaya dRSTi (Naumenal point of view) hai; kintu vyavahAra meM dizAoM kA nirdhAraNa sUryodaya se kiyA jAtA hai - yAnI jidhara sUrya kA udaya hotA hai, vaha pUrva dizA mAnI jAtI hai aura phira isake AdhAra para anya dizA-vidizAoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA jambUdvIpa varNana - jaisA ki sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki himavAna Adi 6 varSadhara parvatoM ke kAraNa jambUdvIpa bharata airavata Adi 7 kSetroM meM vibhAjita ho gayA hai / yaha eka lAkha yojana kA hai / jambUdvIpa ke cAroM ora, use ghere hue lavaNodadhi samudra hai / isakA vistAra 2 lAkha yojana haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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154 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 9-10-11 bharata kSetra isa prakAra bharatakSetra ke uttara meM himavAna parvata hai tathA pUrva - pazcima, dakSiNa ina tInoM dizAoM meM lavaNodadhi samudra hai / bharatakSetra arddhacandrakAra hai usakA dhanupRSTha 526 6/19 yojana hai / bharatakSetra ke madhya meM pUrva-pazcima dizA meM hivamAna varSadhara parvata ke samAnAntara vaitADhya parvata hai / himavAna parvata se nikalane vAlI gaMgA-siMdhu nadiyA~ bharatakSetra meM bahatI huI kramazaH pUrva aura pazcima dizA meM lavaNa samudra meM giratI hai / isa prakAra bharatakSetra ke chaha khaNDa ho jAte haiM / ina chaha khaNDoM ko vijaya karane vAlA cakravartI samrATa kahalAtA hai / Agama vacana dhAyaisaMDe dIve puricchimaddhe NaM maMdarassa pavvayassa uttaradAhiNeNaM do vAsA pannattA, bahusamatullA jAva bharahe ceva erakhae ceva evaM pacchacchi maddhe NaM / sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 3, sUtra 92 - I (dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ke pUrvArddha meM sumeruparvata ke uttara-dakSiNa meM dodo kSetra haiM / bharata se airavata taka vaha saba prakAra se barAbara haiM / isI prakAra dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ke pazcimArddha meM sumeru parvata ke uttara- dakSiNa meM do-do kSetra haiM / vaha bharatakSetra se lagAkara airavata kSetra taka saba prakAra se barAbara hai| ) pukkharavaradIvaDDhe puracchimaddhe NaM maMdarassa pavvayassa uttaradAhiNeNaM do vAsA paNNattA bahusamatullA jAva bharahe ceva eravae ceva taheva sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 3, sUtra 93 (puSkaravara dvIpArddha ke pUrvArddha meM sumeru parvata ke uttara dakSiNa meM dodo kSetra haiM / vaha bharatakSetra se lagAkara airavata kSetra taka saba prakAra se barAbara haiM / isI prakAra pazcimArddha meM bhI racanA hai 1 ) -- mANusuttarassa NaM pavvayassa aMto maNuA / - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti 3, u. 2, sUtra 178 mAnuSottarAdhikAra - ( manuSyottara parvata taka hI manuSya rahate haiM / Age nahIM rahate / ) te samAsao duvihA paNNattA, taM jahA AriyA ya milakkhU ya / ( manuSya saMkSepa se do prakAra ke se kiM taM kammabhUmagA ? prajJApanA pada 1, manuSyAdhikAra hote haiM (1) Arya (2) mleccha - For Personal & Private Use Only

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adholoka tathA madhyaloka 155 kammabhUmagA paNNarasavihA paNNattA, taM jahApaMcahiM bharahehiM paMcahiM eravaehiM paMcahiM mahAvidehe hiM .. se kiM taM akammabhUmagA ? akammabhUmagA tIsaivihA paNNattA, taM jahA paMcahiM hemavae hiM paMcahiM harivAsehiM, paMcahiM rammagavAsehiM, paMcahiM eraNNavAsehiM, paMcahi devakuruhiM, paMcahiM uttarakuruhiM / se taM akmmbhuumgaa| - prajJApanA pada 1, manuSyAdhikArI, sUtra 32 (karmabhUmi kauna sI haiM ? karmabhUmi pandraha kahI gaI haiM / aDhAIdvIpa - ke 5 bharata, 5 aivata aura 5 mahAvideha / akarmabhUmi athavA bhogabhUmi kauna-sI haiM ? bhogabhUmi 30 hotI hai - 5 haimavata, 5 harivarSa, 5 ramyakvarSa, 5 hairaNyavata, 5 devakuru aura 5 uttarakuru / yaha saba bhogabhUmiyA~ haiM / paliovamAu tinni ya, ukkoseNaM viyAhiyA / AuTThiI mayuyANaM, antomuhutta jahaniyA || __ - uttarA 36/198 (manuSyoM kI utkRSTa Ayu 3 palyopama aura jaghanya Ayu antarmuhUrta hotI hai. / paliovamAiM tiNNi u ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / AuThiI thalayarANAM antomuhuttaM jahaniyA // - uttarA. 36/183 gabbhavakkaM tiya cauppaya-thalayarapaMcendriya tirikkhajoNiyANaM pucchA ? jahaNeNaM antomuhuttaM ukkoseNaM. tiNNi paliovamAI - prajJApanA, sthiti pada 4, tiryagadhikAra (garbhaja sthalacara (tiryaMco) kI utkRSTa Ayu 3 palyopama aura jaghanya Ayu antarmuhUrta hotI hai / ) manuSya evaM manuSya loka varNana - dvirdhAtakIkhaNDe 112 For Personal & Private Use Only

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156 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtra 12-18 puSkarArdha ca / 13 / prAGmAnuSottarAn manuSyAH / 14 / AryA mlecchAzca / 15 / bharatairAvatavidehAH / karmabhUmayo'nyatra devakarUttarakurUbhyaH / 16 / nRsthiti parApare tripalyopamAntarmuhUrta / 17 / tiryagyonInAM ca / 18 / dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa meM ( jambUdvIpa kI apekSA parvata evaM kSetra ) dugune haiM / puSkaravarArddhadvIpa meM bhI ( dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ke samAna) utane hI haiM / mAnuSottara parvata se isa ora ( pahale taka) hI manuSya haiM / ve (manuSya) Arya aura mleccha ( do prakAra ke ) haiM / bharata, haimavata aura videha (devakuru tathA uttarakurU ke atirikta) yaha karmabhUmiyA~ haiM / manuSyoM kI Ayu utkRSTa tIna palyopama aura kama se kama anta- - muhUrta haiM / tiryaMco kI Ayu bhI itanI hI ( manuSyoM ke samAna ) haiM / vivecana prastuta sUtra 12 se 18 taka meM manuSyaloka tathA manuSya evaM tiryaMco kI sthiti (Ayu) sambandhI varNana haiM / manuSyaloka manuSyaloka se abhiprAya hai, jahA~ taka manuSya rahate hoM yA jisa kSetra meM manuSya kA janma hotA ho / jainadRSTi se DhAI dvIpoM meM manuSyoM kA nivAsa hai eka jambUdvIpa, dUsarA dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa aura AdhA puSkaravara dvIpa / - - jambUdvIpa kI apekSA dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa meM dugune parvata aura kSetra haiM / tathA puSkarArdha (AdhI puSkara) dvIpa meM dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ke samAna haiM / dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa meM 2 meru parvata 12 varSadharaparvata tathA 14 kSetra haiM / itane hI puSkaravarArddhadvIpa meM haiM / dvIpa aura samudra eka-dusare se cAroM ora se vaiSTita haiM / jambUdvIpa lavaNasamudra se, lavaNasamudra dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa se, dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa kAlodadhi samudra se, kAlodadhi samudra puSkaravaradvIpa se cAro ora se vaiSTita hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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adholoka tathA madhyaloka 157 puSkaravadvIpa meM mAnuSottara nAma kA eka parvata uttara-dakSiNa vistRta haiN| nAma ke anurUpa yaha manuSyaloka kIsImA hai arthAt isake Age ke dvIpoM aura samudroM meM manuSyoM kA nivAsa nahIM haiM / isameM eka apavAda haiM RddhidhArI muni Adi vahAM jA sakate haiM, devatA bhI kisI manuSya kA apaharaNa karake vahAM le jA sakate haiM; kintu vahAM unakA nivAsa cirakAla taka nahIM ho pAtA; janma-maraNa Adi to mAnuSottara parvata kI sImA meM hI hote haiM / yaha DhAI dvIpa ke kSetra kI caur3AI (viSkaMbha ) 45 lAkha yojana haiM / isI kAraNa siddhazilA ka viSkaMbha bhI 45 lAkha yojana hai kyoMki manuSya hI mukta ho sakatA hai aura jahAM se manuSya mukta hotA hai vahAM se sIdhI gati me mokSa jAtA hai / karmabhUmiyA~ - bhogabhUmiyA~ - karmabhUmi kA abhiprAya hai jAhaM asi, maSi, kRSi, vANijya Adi se zrama karake mAnava jIvikA kA upArjana karatA hai| akarmabhUmi (bhogabhUmi) meM mAnava kI sabhI AvazyakatAeM kalpavRkSoM se pUrI ho jAtI haiM, use kisI prakAra kA zrama nahIM karanA par3atA / karmabhUmiyAM (DhAI dvIpa kI apekSA) 15 haiM 5 bharatakSetra (1 jamaMbUdvIpa kA, 2 dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke aura 2 puSkarArdha dvIpa ke ) 5 airavata kSetra (1 jambUdvIpa kA, 2 dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke aura 2 puSkarArdha dvIpa ke ) tathA 5 videhakSetra ke (1 jaMbUdvIpa kA, 2 dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke aura 2 puSkarArdha dvIpa ke ) / / pahale tIna bharata aura airavata kSetroM meM kAlacakra kA pravartana hotA hai kAloM meM bhogabhUmi kI sthiti rahatI hai aura cauthe, pAMcave, chaThe ina tIna kAloM meM karmabhUmi kI / videha kSetra meM sadA caturthakAla hI rahatA hai / isI krama se akarmabhUmi (bhogabhUmi ) 30 haiM 6 haimavata, 5 harivarSa, 5 ramyakavarSa, 5 hairaNyavata; 5 devakuru aura 5 uttarakuru / manuSyoM ke do pramukha bheda : manuSyoM ke do pramukha bheda haiM Arya aura 2. mleccha / - - - nimitta kI apekSA Aryo ke 6 bheda haiM 1. kSetra Arya-Arya kSetra meM janma lene vAle, 2. jAtyArya ucca jAti meM janma lene vAle, 3 kula AryaArya (zreSTha) kula meM janma lene vAle, 4. karma Arya-zreSTha karma se jIvikA upArjana karane vAle, 5. zilpArya-kArIgarI se jIvikA upArjana karane vAle, 6. bhASArya-ziSTa, viziSTa bhASA kA prayoga karane vAle / 1 For Personal & Private Use Only - 1.

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158 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 3 : sUtraM 12-18 vastutaH (Arya zabda zreSThatA kA dyotaka hai ) ataH zreSTha guNa vAle, zIla sadAcAra saMpanna vyakti Arya kahalAte haiM / mleccha ve manuSya kahalAte haiM, jinakA AcaraNa, nindita aura garhita hotA hai / jinake khAna-pAna, bola-cAla, AcAra-vicAra Adi krUratApUrNa evaM hiMsApradhAna ho / sthiti athavA AyumaryAdA - manuSya aura tiryaca jIvoM kI kama se kama Ayu antarmuhUrta hai aura adhika se adhika tIna palyopama / isa utkRSTa aura jaghanya Ayu ke madhyavartI asaMkhyAta bheda hote haiN| yAnI kisI manuSya kI Ayu eka palyopama, do palyopama Adi asaMkhyAta prakAra kI ho sakatI hai / yahI bAta tiryaMca jIvoM ke lie bhI hai / sUtra meM yaha sAmAnya kathana haiM / manuSya to paMcendriya hote haiM kintu tiryaMca gati ke aneka bheda-upabheda haiM / isameM sthAvara-kAya, trasakAya, sUkSma, bAdara, ekendriya, beindriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya Adi aneka bheda haiN| paMcendriya ke hI jalacara, sthalacara, khecara, uraparisarpa, bhujaparisarpa Adi bheda haiM / ina saba kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya Ayu bhI alaga-alaga haiM / yahAM jo utkRSTa tIna palyopama kI Ayu tiryaMca jIvoM kI batAI gaI, vaha garbhotpanna, catuSpada, sthalacara, tiryaMca jIvoM kI samajhanA cAhie / isa sthala para Agamokta (prajJApanA) uddharaNa saTIka hai / - mUla sUtra meM sAmAnya kathana karane ke bAda AcArya ne apane bhASya meM tiryaMca jIvoM kI sthiti (Aya) kA vizeSa kathana kiyA hai / unake kathana kA sAra isa prakAra hai - sthiti do prakAra hI hai - 1. bhavasthiti aura 2. kaaysthiti| bhavasthiti kA abhiprAya janma se lekara mRtyuparyanta eka hI zarIra meM rahane kI kAla sImA hai) aura kAyasthiti kA abhiprAya eka hI gati meM nirantara bAra-bAra janma grahaNa karanA hai / manuSya gati meM koI bhI jIva lagAtAra adhika se adhika sAta-ATha bAra hI janma le sakatA hai / kAyasthiti jaghanya antamUhUrta hI hai / bhavasthiti bhI jaghanya antamuhUrta hI hai / kintu tiryaMcoM kI kAyasthiti aura bhavasthiti meM antara haiN| ataH ina donoM sthitiyoM kA jJAna karAne ke lie vizeSa varNana kiyA jA rahA h| For Personal & Private Use Only

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adholoka tathA madhyaloka 159 zuddha pRthvIkAya kI utkRSTa bhavasthiti 12 hajAra varSa haiM / khara pRthvakAya kI 22 hajAra jalakAya kI 7 hajAra varSa, agnikAya kI tIna ahorAtri (rAtadina) aura vAyukAya kI 3 hajAra varSa tathA vanaspatikAya kI 10 hajAra varSa haiM / inameM se vanaspatikAya ko chor3akara zeSa jIvoM kI utkRSTa kAyasthiti asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI- utusarpiNI pramANa haiM / tathA vana-spatikAya kI utkRSTa kAyasthiti anaMta utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI pramANa hai / ____dvIndriya jIvoM kI utkRSTa bhavasthiti 12 varSa, trIndriyoM kI 49 . ahorAtra aura caurindriyoM kI 6 mAsa pramANa hai tathA ina tInoM kI utkRSTa kAyasthiti saMkhyAta hajAra varSa kI hai / ___ paMcendriya tiryaMco meM jalacara, uraparisarpa aura bhujaparisarpa kI utkRSTa bhavasthiti koTipUrva varSa kI haiM, khecaroM kI palya ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga haiM, garbhaja catuSpadoM-thalacaroM kI 3 palyopama haiM / __ inameM (garbhaja paMcendriya tiryaMco-catuSpadoM meM) jalacaroM kI bhavasthiti koTipUrva, uraparisaroM kI 53 hajAra, bhujaparisarpo kI 42 hajAra aura khecara pakSiyoM tathA sthalacaroM kI 72 hajAra varSa haiM / sammUrchima jIvoM kI bhavasthiti 84 hajAra pUrva haiM / isa prakAra tiryaMca jIvoM kI sthiti kA vizeSa kathana bhASya meM kiyA gayA hai / ___nAraka aura devoM kI bhavasthiti tathA kAyasthiti samAna hai kayoMki nAraka jIva punaH janma lekara nAraka nahIM banate aura isI taraha deva bhI punaH deva nahIM banate / For Personal & Private Use Only

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upodghAta tIsare adhyAya meM nAraka, manuSya aura tiryaMca ina tIna prakAra ke jIvoM kA varNana huA haiM, inakI sthiti Adi kA bhI paricaya diyA gayA haiM / sAtha hI adholoka aura manuSyaloka ( tiryakloka) kA varNana kiyA hai / aba isa caturtha adhyAya meM deva ( unakI sthiti, lezyA, vizeSatA, nivAsa Adi ) aura Urdhvaloka kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| Agama vacana cauthA adhyAya Urdhvaloka - devanikAya (UPPER REGION-GOD ABODE) - cauvvihA devA paNNattA, bhavaNavai vANamaMtara joisa vemANiyA / bhagavatI, za. 2, u.. 7 (deva cAra prakAra ke hote haiM / (1) bhavanavAsI (2) vANavyaMtara (3) jyotiSka aura (4) vaimAnika 1. devoM ke bheda - devAzcaturnikAyA: 11 / devoM ke cAra nikAya haiM / taM jahA - vivecana prastuta sUtra meM do zabda haiM deva aura nikAya / deva eka gati kA nAma haiM / isa gati meM jo janma letA hai, vaha deva kahA jAtA hai / saiddhAntika bhASA meM devagatinAmakarma ke udaya se jIva jisa paryAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha devagati hai aura usa devAyu ko bhogane vAlA jIva deva kahA jAtA hai / - 'deva' zabda div dhAtu se banA hai jo dyuti, gati Adi kA sUcana karatA hai / ataH deva ke vyAvahArika lakSaNa yaha haiM ki jisakA zarIra divya arthAt sAmAnya carmacakSuoM se na dikhAI dai, jisakI gati (gamanazakti) ati vega vAlI ho jisake zarIra meM rakta mAMsa Adi dhAtue~ na hoM, manacAhe rUpa For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 161 banA sake, A~kho ke palaka na jhapake, paira jamIna se cAra aMgula u~ce raheM, zarIra kI chAyA na par3e / nikAya kA artha saMgha, jAti athavA samUha haiM / deva cAra prakAra ke haiM, bhavanavAsI, bANavyaMtara jyotiSka aura vaimAnika / (tAlikA pRSTha 162 para dI gaI hai|) ina cAroM prakAra ke devoM ke nivAsa sthAna bhI alaga-alaga haiM / bhavanavAsiyoM kA utpatti sthAna ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke Upara-nIce ke eka-eka hajAra yojana ke bhAga ko chor3akara zeSa madhya bhAga hai / bANavyaMtara isa Upara ke eka hajAra yojana ke bhAga se Upara nIce ke sau-sau yojana ko chor3akara bIca ke 800 yojana bhAga meM utpanna hote haiM / jyotiSI devoM kA nivAsa sthAna pRthvI se Upara 790 yojana se lekara 900 yojana taka hai aura vaimAnika deva Urdhvaloka meM vimAnoM meM utpanna hote haiM / Agama vacana jotisiyANaM egA teulesA... - sthAnAMga, sthAna 1, sUtra 51 (jyotiSka devoM ke sirpha eka tejolezyA hotI hai / ) jyotiSI devoM kI lezyA - tRtIyaH pItalezyaH / 2 / ... (tIsarA nikAya arthAta jyotiSka devoM ke pIta lezyA hotI hai / ) vivecana - pItalezyA kA dUsarA bahupracalita nAma hI tejolezyA h| yaha nAma AgamoM meM bahuta prasiddha haiM / vaise 'pIta' aura 'tejas' inameM sirpha nAmabhade hai, svarUpagata bheda nahIM haiM, dono hI ekArthavAcI haiM / - pIta athavA tejolezyA kA artha yahA~ dyuti athavA camaka samajhanA caahie| hama jo 'nakSatra Adi dekhate haiM to inakI camaka, dyuti, rozanI athavA teja (prakAza) hI hameM dikhAI detA haiM yadyapi yaha prakAza una jyotiSI devoM ke vimAnoM kA hotA haiM; kintu uname rahane vAle devoM kI lezyA hI yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se apekSita haiM / Agama vacana - bhavaNavai dasavihA paNNattA.. vANamaMtarA aTThavihA paNNattA.. joisiyA paMcavihA paNNattA..vemANiyA duvihA paNNattA taM jahAkappopavaNNagA yA kappAiyA ya NamaMtarA aThavihA paNatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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deva-jAti bhavanavAsI vANavyaMtara jyotiSka vaimAnika kalpopapanna For Personal & Private Use Only 1. candra 2. sUrya 3. graha 4. nakSatra 5. tArA anuttaravimAna 1. vijaya 2. vaijayanta 3. jayanta 4. aparAjita 5. savArthasiddha 1. asurakumAra 1. pizAca 2. nAgakumAra 2. bhUta 3. suparNakumAra 3. yakSa 4. vidyutakAra 4. rAkSasa 5. agnikumAra 5. kinnara . 6. dvIpakumAra 6. kiMpuruSa 7. udadhikumAra 7. mahoraga 8. pavana (vAta) kumAra 8. gaMdharva 9. dikkumAra 10. stanitakumAra kalpAtIta navagraiveyaka 1. bhadra 2. subhadra 3. sujJAta 4. sumAnasa 5. priyadarzana 6. sudarzana. 7.amogha / 8. supratibaddha 9. yazodhara 1. saudharma 2. IzAna 3. sanatkumAra 4. mAhendra 5. brahma 6. lAMtaka 7. mahAzukra 8. sahastrAra 9. Anata 10. prANata 11. AraNa 12. acyuta 162 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtraM 1-2

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 163 se kiM taM kappopavaNNagA ? bArasavihA paNNattA, taM jahAsohammA, IsANA, saNaMkumArA, mAhiMdA, baMbhalogA, laMtayA, mahAsukkA, sahassArA, ANayA, pANayA, AraNA, acutA - prajJApanA, prathama pada, devAdhikAra (bhavanavAsI deva dasa prakAra ke haiM / vyaMtara ATha prakAra ke haiN|) jyotiSka pA~ca prakAra ke haiM / vaimAnika do prakAra ke haiM - kalpopanna aura kalpAtIta / kalpopapanna 12 prakAra ke hote haiM -saudharma, IzAna, sAnatkumAra, mAhendra, bahmaloka, lAMtaka, mahAzukra , sahastrAra, Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta (ina kalpoM meM utpanna hone vAle) deviMdA.. evaM sAmANiyA... tAyattIsagA logapAlA parisovavannagA.. aNiyAhivai...AyarakkhA.. -sthAnAMga, sthAna 3, u. 1, sU. 134 devakidivasie.. Abhijogae / aupapA. jIvopa sU. 41 cauvvihA devANa ThitI paNNattA taM. jahA-deve NAmamege devasiNAte nAmamege devapurohite nAmamege devapajjalaNe nAmamege / sthAnAMga, sthAna 4. u. 1, sUtra 248 .(devendra, sAmAnika, prAyastriMza, lokapAla, pAriSad athavA pariSadutpanna, anIkapati athavA anIka, AtmarakSa, devakilviSa aura Abhiyogya (eka-eka ke bheda haiM / ) devoM kI sthiti cAra prakAra kI hotI haiM -deva, devasnAtaka, devapurohita aura devaprajvalana / __vANamaMtara joisiyANaM tAyatIsaM logapAlA natthi / (vyaMtara tathA jyotiSkoM meM trAyastriMza aura lokapAla nahIM hote / ) devoM ke bheda, saMkhyA aura zreNiyAM - dazASTapaMcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapannaparyantA : / 3 / indrasAmAnika tAyastriMzapAriSadyAtmarakSalokapAlAnIka -prakIH rNakAbhiyogyakilviSikAzcaikazaH / 4 / trAyastrizalokapAlavA vyantarajyotiSkAH / 5 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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164 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 3-4-5 (kalpopapanna devoM taka cAro nikAya ke devoM ke daza, ATha, pA~ca aura bAraha uttara bheda haiM / ukta dasa Adi bhedoM meM indra, sAmAnika, trAyastriMza, pAriSadya, AtmarakSaka, lokapAla, anIka, prakIrNaka, Abhiyogya aura kilviSika - yaha devoM kI dasa zreNiyA~ haiM / vyaMtara tathA jyotiSka devoM meM trAyastriMza tathA lokapAla nahIM hote / vivecana - prastuta sUtra 3,4,5 meM devoM ke avAntarabheda aura unakI zreNiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| devoM kI bheda saMkhyA kA ullekha utarAdhyAyana sUtra (36/ 203/209) meM bhI milatA hai| . .. bhavanapati, vyaMtara, jyotiSka tathA vaimAnika - devoM ke yaha cAra nikAya athavA samUha haiM / inameM bhavanapati deva 10 prakAra ke, vyaMtara 8 prakAra ke aura jyotiSka deva 5 prakAra ke hote haiM / vaimAnika devoM ke mUlataH do bheda haiM -kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta / jina svargoM meM indra, sAmAnika Adi zreNiyA~ pAI jAtI haiM, unheM kalpa kahA gayA haiM aura unameM utpanna hone vAle deva kalpopapanna kahalAte haiM / jina vimAnoM meM indra Adi kI zreNiyA~ nahIM pAI jAtIM, unameM utpanna hone vAle deva kalpAtIta kahalAte haiM / indra sAmAnika Adi kI zreNiyoM vAle 12 svarga kalpa haiM / isI kAraNa sUtrakAra ne kalpopapanna devoM ke 12 bheda batAye haiM / indra, sAmAnika Adi jo devoM kI dasa zreNiyA~ sUtra meM batAI gaI haiM, ve kalpopanna svargoM ke devoM meM hI milatI haiM / una svarga vimAnoM ke nAma haiM - (1) saudharma, (2) IzAna (3) sanatkumAra (4) mAhendra (5) brahmaloka (6) lAMtaka (7) mahAzukra (8) sahastrAra (9) Anata (10) prANata (11) AraNa aura (12) acyuta / ina svargoM ke nAma se hI inameM utpanna hone vAle deva pahacAne jAte haiM / dasa prakAra kI deva-zreNiyo kA paricaya - indra, sAmAnika Adi jo devoM kI dasa prakAra kI zreNiyA~ batAI gaI haiM, unakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra haiM - ___ indra-indra kA artha svAmI, adhipati, aizvaryavAna Adi hotA hai / indra padavI se abhiSikta, yaha deva apane samUha ke svAmI athavA adhi For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhva loka - devanikAya 165 pati hote haiM, inakI AjJA sabhI devoM para calatI haiM, inakI aizvarya sarvAdhika hotA haiM 1 (2) sAmAnika AjJA ke atirikta, ina devoM kA sammAna Adi indra ke samAna hotA hai / yAni sirpha inakI AjJA devoM para nahIM calato / (3) trAstriza yaha deva indra ke purohita athavA mantrI tulya hote haiM / pratyeka indra ke sAtha yaha tetIsa (33) hote haiM, isIlie trAyastriMza kahalAte haiM / (4) pAriSadya sthAnApanna deva, indra kI sabhA ke sadasya pArSada / deva / - - - Agama vacana (5) AtmarakSaka khar3e rahane vAle deva / (6) lokapAla (7) anIka sainika aura senApati donoM prakAra ke deva samajhane cAhie / indra ke mitroM ke samAna athavA sabhAsadoM ke - - aMgarakSaka, zastra lie indra ke siMhAsana ke pIche sImAoM kI rakSA ke lie uttaradAyI deva / anIka kA artha hai senA / yahA~ isa zabda se - (8) prakIrNaka sAmAnya prajAjana athavA nagaravAsiyoM ke samAna (9) Abhiyogya sevaka athavA dAsa zreNI ke deva / (10) kilviSika aise deva jinheM cAMDAla Adi ke samAna aspRzya mAnA jAtA hai, inakA nivAsa vimAna ke bAhya bhAgoM meM hotA hai / ina zreNiyoM ke varNana se yaha sahaja anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra zAsana kI vyavasthA tathA vibhinna padAdhikArI prAcInakAla ke samRddha, sampanna aura sabhya mAnava rAjyoM meM thI, vaisI hI vyavasthA bArahaveM devaloka acyuta svarga taka hai / - - vyaMtara aura jyotiSka devoM meM trAyastriMza (purohita mantrI Adi) aura lokapAla yaha do zreNiyA~ nahIM hotI / zeSa 8 hotI haiM / do asurakumAriMdA pannattA, taM jahA camare ceva balI ceva / evaM do NAgakumAriMdA jAva do gaMdhavvidA pannattA - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 6 ( asurakumAroM ke do indra hote haiM- camara aura bali / isI prakAra nAgakumAroM ke do indra, yAvat gandharvoM ke do indra hote haiM / . ( isI prakAra bhavanavAsI evaM vyantara devoM ke bhI do-do indra hote haiM / bhavanavAsI evaM vyantara devoM ke indroM kI saMkhyA pUrvayordvandrAH | 6 | pUrva arthAt pahale do devanikAyoM ke do-do indra hote haiM / vivecana - pUrva ke devanikAya se abhiprAya bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtara devoM se hai / inake bhI avAntara bheda kramazaH daza aura ATha haiM / ina sabhI avAMtara bhedoM ke do-do indra hote haiM / inameM se eka uttaradizA tathA eka dakSiNadizA kA svAmI hotA hai / indroM ke nAma isa prakAra hai jaise 1 asurakumAroM ke indra- camara aura bali / 2. nAgakumAroM kedharaNa aura bhUtAnanda 3. suparNakumAroM ke veNudeva aura veNudAlI / 4. vidyutakumAroM ke-hari aura harisaha / 5. agnikumAroM ke - agnizikha aura agnimANava / 6. dvIpakumAroM ke -pUrNa aura vaziSTa 7. udadhikumAroM ke - jalakAnta aura jala prabha. 8. dikkumAroM ke amitagati aura amitavAhana 9. vAyukumAroM ke velamba aura prabhaMjana / 10. stanitakumAroM ke ghoSa aura mahAghoSa | - prakAra haiM 1. pizAcoM ke 2. bhUto ke 3. yakSoM ke 4. rAkSasoM ke 5. kinnaroM ke 6. kiMpuruSoM ke isI prakAra vyantaranikAya meM bhI do-do indra hote haiM, jinake nAma isa - - -- - - - 1 surUpa 2 pratirUpa 1 pUrNabhadra 2 maNibhadra - 1 kAla 2 mahAkAla 1 bhIma 2 mahAbhIma - 1 kinnara 2 kiMpuruSa 1 satpuruSa 2 mahApuruSa - For Personal & Private Use Only

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7. mahoragoM ke - 1 atikAya 2 mahAkAya 9. gaMdharvo ke - 1 gItarati aura gItayaza inake atirikta do devanikAya zeSa haiM- jyotiSka aura vaimAnika (kalpopapanna) / jyotiSka devoM ke indra to sUrya-candra hai / kintu sUrya aura candra asaMkhyAta haiM, kyoMki tiryak loka meM dvIpa - samudra bhI asaMkhyAta haiN| ataH jyotiSka indra bhI asaMkhyAta hI haiM / vaimAnika devoM meM kalpopapanna devoM taka hI indra hote haiM / bAraha devaloka haiM / inake nAma pahale A cuke haiM / ina svargoM ke inhIM nAma vAle indra hai jinakI saMkhyA dasa haiM / Urdhva loka - devanikAya 167 pahale ke ATha svargoM taka kA unhI svargoM ke nAma vAlA eka-eka indra haiM / kintu Anata aura prANata ina do svagIM kA prANata nAma kA eka hI indra hai aura isI prakAra AraNa aura acyuta donoM devalokoM meM eka hI indra hai jisakA nAma acyuta haiM / cauMsaTha indra devoM kI cAroM nikAyoM (bhavanavAsI, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika ) ke kula 64 indra hote haiM / inakA varNana isa prakAra hai - 20 indra bhavanavAsIdevoM ke (10 dakSiNadizA ke 32 indra vANavyaMtaroM ke ( 16 dakSiNa dizA ke, 2 indra jyotiSka devoM ke ( candra aura sUrya ) 10 indra vaimAnika devoM ke - tIrthaMkaro ke janma Adi kalyANakoM para ina indroM ke Asana calAyamAna hote haiM / usa samaya yaha apane avidhajJAna kA upayoga lagAte haiM / usa jJAna se vastusthiti jAnakara sabhAsthita sughoSA ghaNTA bajavAte haiM / ghaNTe kI dhvani saba vimAnoM meM pahuMca jAtI hai / isa dhvani ko sunakara sabhI vimAnavAsI devagaNa zIghra hI Akara sabhA meM upasthita ho jAte haiM aura indra kI AjJA pAkara apane-apane vimAnoM me baiThakara tathA indra saparivAra Akara jahA~ tIrthaMkara kA janma Adi hotA hai, usa sthala para A jAte haiM aura utsava manAte haiM / yaha devoM kA jItAcAra ( pAramparika AcaraNa) haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only 10 uttara dizA ke) 16 uttara dizA ke

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168 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 7 Agama vacana - bhavaNavaivANamaMtara..cattAri lessAo / . - sthAnAMga, sthAna 1, sUtra 51 (bhavanavAsI aura vANavyantara devoM ke cAra lezyAe~ hotI haiN|) bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtara devoM kI lezyAe~ / pItAntalezyA : 7 / pahale do devanikAyoM- bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtaradevoM ke pIta lezyA takalezyA hotI haiM / vivecana - lezyAe~ 6 haiM / inake nAma kramazaH isa prakAra haiM (1) kRSNa lezyA (2) nIlalezyA (3) kApotalezyA (4) pIta athavA tejolezyA (5) padmalezyA aura (6) zukla lezyA / ina lezyAoM ke do bheda haiM - bhAva lezyA aura dravya lezyA / bhAvalezyA to AtmA ke yoga aura kaSAya raMjita bhAvoM ko kahA jAtA hai aura dravyalezyA zarIra kA varNa Adi haiM / ___ bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtara devoM meM chahoM bhAvalezyA saMbhava haiM, kintu prastuta sUtra meM dravyalezyA apekSita haiM / ina devoM meM cAra dravyalezyA hI saMbhava haiM - kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura tejas / isakA abhiprAya yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ina devoM kA jo vaikriya zarIra haiM, vaha ina cAra prakAra ke varNo athavA inake sammilita varNa kA hogA / zaMkha ke samAna zveta varNa kA nahIM / vaikriya zarIra (jise aMgrejI meM Electric body kahA jAtA hai) vaijJAnika prayAsoM dvArA dekhA gayA hai ki kutsita bhAva vAloM kA yaha zarIra zyAmavarNI hotA hai tathA jyoM-jyoM zubhabhAva bar3hate jAte haiM, tyoM-tyoM zarIra kA raMga bhI pIlepana kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai / ataH sahaja hI yaha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtara devoM ke bhAva itane vizuddha nahIM hote haiM ki unake vaikriya zarIra kA varNazuklalezyArUpa dUdha ke phenake samAna sapheda dikhAI de / Agama vacana - kativihA NaM bhaMte ! pariyAraNA paNNattA ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhva loka - devanikAya 169 goyamA ! paMcavihA paNNattA, taM jahA- kAyapariyAraNA, phAsapariyAraNA, ruvapariyAraNA, saddapariyAraNA, manapariyAraNA.. bhavaNavAsi vANamaMtara - jotisi sohammIsANesu kappesu devA kAyapariyAragA, saNakumAra mAhiMdesu kappesu devA phAsapariyAragA baMbhaloyalaMtagesu kappesu devA ruvapariyAragA, mahAsukkasahassAresu kappesu devA saddapariyAragA, ANaya - pANaya AraNa - accuesu, kappesu devA maNapariyAragA, gevajjaga aNuttarovavAiyA devA apariyAragA / prajJApanA, pada 34, pracAraNAviSaya; sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 4, sUtra 116 (bhagavan ! paricAraNA kitane prakAra kI hotI hai ? gautama ! paricAraNA pA~ca prakAra kI hotI hai- (1) kAya paricAraNA, (2) sparzaparicAraNA (3) rUpaparicAraNA, (4) zabdaparicAraNA aura ( 5 ) manaH paricAraNA / bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka aura saudharma - IzAna kalpoM ke deva (manuSyoM ke samAna) zarIra se paricAraNA (pravIcAra athavA maithuna) karate haiM / sAnatkumAra aura mAhendrakalpoM ke deva sparzamAtra se maithuna sukha bhoga lete haiM / brahmaloka aura lAntakakalpa ke devoM ko maithuna kA sukha rUpa dekhane mAtra se prApta ho jAtA hai / mahAzukra aura sahastrArakalpoM ke devoM kI vAsanA zabda sunakara hI tRpta ho jAtI hai / Anata-prANata - AraNa - acyuta - ina cAra svargoM ke deva mana meM smaraNa karane mAtra se bhoga sukha prApta (tRpti anubhava) kara late haiM / navagraiveyaka tathA anuttara vimAnoM ke deva pravIcAra (maithuna) kI icchA se rahita hote haiN| devoM kI vAsanA tRpti -- kAyapravIcArA A - aizAnAt |8| zeSAH sparzarUpazabda - manaHpravIcArA dvayordvayoH / 9 / pare'pravIcArA : / 10 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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170 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 8- 9-10 ( bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara, jyotiSka aura) aizAnakalpa taka ke devakAya athavA zarIra se (manuSyoM ke samAna) kAmasukha prApta karate haiM / zeSa (Age ke devalokoM ke deva) sparza karane, rUpa dekhane, zabda sunane aura mana dvArA cintana (smaraNa) karane se bhoga sukha pA lete haiM / pare - (ina bAraha devalokoM se Age ke deva) vaiSayika sukha, bhoga athavA pravicAra se rahita hote haiM / vivecana pravIcAra kA artha hai veda- (strI-puruSaMveda) janya pIr3A athavA AkulatA kA pratikAra karanA; kintu vyAvahArika dRSTi se pravIcAra kA artha kAma- sukha prApta karanA bhI hai / prastuta sUtra 8-9-10 meM devoM kI kAma - paritRpti kI vidhi kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai / bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara, jyotiSka tathA saudharma aura IzAnakalpa taka ke deva manuSyoM ke samAna kAma-sevana karate haiM / - tIsareM sanatkumAra aura cauthe mAhendra kalpa ke deva deviyoM ke sparza se tRpta ho jAte haiM, pA~caveM brahmadevaloka aura chaThe lAntakakalpa ke deva deviyoM ke rUpa-darzana se tRpta ho jAte haiM / mahAzukra aura sahastrAra kalpake deva deviyoM ke sarasa karNapriya zabda - gAyana Adi ko sunakara hI kAma-sukha kA anubhava kara lete haiM / ANata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta devalokoM ke devoM kI vAsanA mana meM deviyoM ke smaraNa mAtra se zAMta ho jAtI haiM / ina kalpoM ke Age ke kalpAtIta devoM ko kAma-vAsanA satAtI hI nahIM / prastuta varNana se spaSTa hai ki Upara-Upara ke svargoM ke devoM kI vAsanA kramazaH hIna hotI jAtI hai aura kalpAtIta devoM meM to kAma bhAvanA kA udreka hotA hI nahIM, unakI vAsanA eka taraha se phrIja (Freeze) ho jAtI hai / kAma kI icchA jyoM-jyoM tIvra hotI haiM, vaha mana ko Akula vyAkula karatI haiM, yaha AkulatA sukha meM kamI lAtI hai / jabaki icchA kI alpatA se sukha bar3hatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki Upara-Upara ke devoM kA sukha kramazaH bar3hatA jAtA hai / Agama vacana - bhavaNavaI dasavihA paNNattA, taM jahA asurakumArA, nAgakumArA, supaNNakumArA, vijjukumArA, aggI For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhva loka - devanikAya 171 kumArA, dIvakumArA, udahiku mArA, disAku mArA, vAuku mArA, thaNiyakumArA - prajJApanA, prathama pada, devAdhikAra ( bhavanavAsI deva dasa prakAra ke hote haiM (1) asurakumAra (2) nAgakumAra ( 3 ) suparNakumAra (4) vidyutkumAra (5) agnikumAra (6) dvIpakumAra (7) udadhikumAra (8) dikkumAra (9) vAta (vAyu) kumAra aura (10) stanitakumAra / vANamaMtarA aTThavihA pannattA, taM jahA - kiNNarA, kiMpurisA, mahoragA gaMdhavvA jakkhA, rakkhasA, bhUyA, pisAyA prajJApanA, prathama pada, devAdhikAra ( vyaMtara deva ATha prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) kinnara, (2) kiMpuruSa (3) mahoraga, (4) gaMdharva, (5) yakSa, (6) rAkSasa (7) bhUta aura (8) pizAca / ) bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtara devoM ke uttara bheda bhavanavAsino'suranAgavidyutsuparNAgnivAtastanitodadhi 1 -- dvIpadikku mArAH / 11 / vyantarA : kinnarakiMpuruSamahoragagaMdharva yakSarAkSasabhUtapizAcAH / 12 / bhavanavAsInikAya ke deva dasa prakAra ke haiM asurakumAra, nAgakumAra, vidyutkumAra, suparNakumAra, agnikumAra, vAtakumAra, stanitakumAra, udadhikumAra, dvIpakumAra, aura dikkumAra / - vyaMtaranikAya ke devoM ke ATha bheda haiM- kinnara, kiMpuruSa mahoraga, gaMdharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta aura pizAca / vivecana prastuta sUtra 11 aura 12 meM kramazaH bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtara nikAya ke devoM ke uttara bheda batAye gaye haiM / bhAvanAsI devoM kI vizeSa bAteM nivAsa - sabhI (dazoM ) prakAra ke bhavanavAsI deva jaMbUdvIpa ke meru parvata ke nIce uttara-dakSiNa bhAga meM tiryak (tirachI) dizA meM aneka koDAkoDI lAkha yojana taka ke kSetra meM rahate haiM / AvAsa aura bhavana - yadyapi ye sabhI deva bhavanoM meM rahate haiM, isI kAraNa bhavanavAsI yA bhavanapati kahalAte haiM; kintu asurakumAra jAti ke deva adhikatara apane AvAsoM meM rahate haiM, kabhI bhavanoM meM bhI rahate haiM / zeSa nau 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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172 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 prakAra ke deva kabhI AvAsoM aura kabhI bhavanoM meM rahate haiM / AvAsa aura bhavana meM thor3A antara haiM / nAnA prakAra ke ratnoM kI prabhA se uddIpta rahane vAle zarIra pramANa ke anusAra bane hue mahAmaNDapa AvAsA kahalAte haiM / bAhara se gola, bhItara se caukora aura nIce ke bhAga ke kamala karNikA ke AkAra meM bane hue makAnoM ko bhavana kahA gayA hai / 'kumAra' saMjJA kA hetu bhavanavAsI devoM ke pIche 'kumAra' zabda lagA huA hai, yathA- asurakumAra, nAgakumAra Adi / yaha zabda nirarthaka nahIM hai, apitu ina devoM kI vizeSa pravRtti ko sUcita karatA hai / yaha dazoM prakAra ke deva 'kumAra' ke samAna manohara, sukumAra tathA krIr3Apriya hote haiM, inakI gati mRdu va lubhAvanI hotI hai| inhI kAraNoM se inake nAmoM ke sAtha 'kumAra' zabda jur3A hai / (6) pavanakumAra inakA cinha azva hai / (1) asurakumAra inakA zarIra ghanagambhIra, sundara kRSNavarNa, mahAkAya hotA hai / sira para mukuTa hotA hai| inakA cinha cUr3AmaNi ratna hai| (2) nAgakumAra ye sira aura mukha bhAga meM adhika sundara hote hai / adhika zyAma varNa vAle aura lalita gati vAle haiM / inakA cinha sarpa hai / isakA cinha vajra hai / inakA zarIra ujjvala (3) vidyutkumAra prakAzazIla zukla varNavAlA hai / (4) suparNakumAra inakA cinha garUr3a hai / inakI grIvA aura vakSasthala adhika sundara hote haiM / varNa ujjvala zyAma hotA hai / (5) agnikumAra yaha pramANopeta mAnonmAna daidIpyamAna zukla varNa vAle hote haiM / inakA cinha ghaTa hai / inakA sira sthUla aura zarIra gola hotA hai / - - - - : sUtra 11-12 - - (7) stanita kumAra yaha cikane aura snigdha zarIra vAle hote haiM / inake zarIra kA raMga kAlA hotA hai| gambhIra pratidhvani aura mahAghoSa karate haiM / inakA cinha vardhamAna sakorA saMpuTa hai / 1 - - (8) udadhikumAra meM adhika sundara tathA zyAmavarNI hote haiM / (9) dvIpakumAra inakA cinha siMha hai / vakSasthala, skandha aura hastasthala meM adhika sundara hote haiM / inakA cinha makara hai / ye jaMghA aura kaTibhAga For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka - devanikAya 173 (10) dikka mAra inakA cinha hAthI hai / inakI jaMghA ke agrabhAga aura paira adhika sundara hote haiM / varNa inakA zyAma hai / - sUtra meM bhavanavAsI devoM ke yaha dasa bheda ginAye gaye haiM kintu anya granthoM meM paramAdhAmI devoM kI gaNanA bhI bhavanavAsI devoM meM kI gaI hai / paramAdhAmI devoM ke pandraha prakAra hai (1) amba ( 2 ) ambarISa ( 3 ) zyAma (4) sabala (5) rUdra (6) mahArudra (7) kAla (8) mahAkAla (9) asipatra (10) dhanuSya (11) kumbha (12) bAlukA (13) vaitaraNI (14) kharasvara aura (15) mahAghoSa / yaha paramAdhAmI deva tIsarI naraka taka jAkara nAraka jIvoM ko paraspara lar3Ate haiM, unake duHkhoM meM vRddhi karate haiM / sambhavataH isI kAraNa sUtra meM inakI gaNanA na kI gaI ho, kyoMki yaha raudra pariNAmI hote haiM, dUsaroM ko kaSTa dekara khuza hote haiM / vyaMtara devoM kI vizeSa bAteM 'vyaMtara' zabda kA nirvacana vyaMtara zabda do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai vi+antara / vi - vividha prakAra kA antara - rikta sthAna / jina devoM kA nivAsa vividha prakAra ke antaroM-rikta sthAnoM meM hotA hai, ve vyaMtara deva kahalAte haiM / vyaMtara deva parvatoM kI kandarAoM, vRkSoM aura vRkSoM ke vivaroM ko apanA nivAsa sthAna banAte haiM / yadyapi ina devoM kA upapAta sthAna ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke 1000 yojana moTe ratnakANDa ke Upara-nIce ke sau-sau yojana chor3akara madhyavartI 800 yojana kSetra haiM; kintu vahA~ upapAta hone para bhI ye tiryak loka meM vRkSavivara parvata guphA Adi meM rahate haiM / inakA svabhAva bAlaka ke samAna capala hotA hai, idhara-udhara gamanAgamana karate hI rahate haiM; apane indra kI AjJA se bhI gamanAgamana karate haiM / bAlaka jaisI prakRti hone ke kAraNa koI-koI vyaMtara deva to mAnavoM kI sevA (pUrva-bhava ke sneha sambandhoM ke kAraNa ) sevakoM ke samAna karate haiM aura yadi pUrvabhava kA vaira huA to duHkha bhI dete haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhavanavAsI deva nikAya vyaMtara deva nikAya asurakumAra deva paramAdhAmI deva vyaMtara deva jRmbhaka deva 1. pizAca 2. bhUta 3. yakSa For Personal & Private Use Only 1. asurakumAra 2. nAgakumAra 3. suparNakumAra 4. vidyutkumAra 5. agnikumAra 6. dvIpakumAra 7. udadhikumAra 8. dizAkumAra 9. vAyukamAra 10. stanitakumAra 1. amba 2. ambarISa 3. zyAma 4. sabala 5. rUdra 6. mahArUdra 7. kAla 8. mahAkAla 9. asipatra 10. dhanuSya 11. kumbha 12. bAlukA 13. vaitaraNI 14. kharasvara 15. mahAghoSa 4. rAkSasa 5. kinnara 6. kiMpuruSa 7. mahoraga * 8. gaMdharva 9. ANapannI 10. pANapannI 11. isIvAI 12. bhUtivAI 13. kaMdIya 14. mahAkaMdIya 15. kohaMGa 17. payaMga 1. ANajRmbhaka 2. pANajRmbhaka 3. layanajRmbhaka 4. zayanajRmbhaka 5. vastrajRmbhaka 6. puSkajRmbhaka 7. phalajRmbhaka 8. puSpaphalajRmbhaka : 9. vidyAjRmbhaka 10. avyaktajRmbhaka 174 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtraM 11-12

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 175 vyaMtaroM kI vizeSatAe~ aura uttara bheda - mUla sUtra meM vyaMtara devoM ke ATha bheda batAye gaye haiM; kintu svayaM sUtrakAra ne bhASya meM inake upabheda bhI ginAye haiM / inakI vizeSatAe~ aura upabheda nimna hai - 1. kinnara - yaha deva priyaMgumaNi ke samAna zyAma varNI hote hai| inakA svabhAva saumya aura rUpa AlhAdakArI hotA hai / inakA mukha bahuta manorama hotA hai| inakA cinha azoka vRkSa kI dhvajA hai / inake dasa uttarabheda haiM - 1. kinnara, 2. kiMpuruSa, 3. kimpurUSottama; 4. kinnarottama 5 . hRdayaMgama, 6. rupazAlI, 7. anindita, 8. manorama, 9. ratipriya aura 10. ratizreSTha / / 2. kimpuruSa - inake uru, jaMghA aura bAhu adhika zobhAzAlI hote haiM / mukha adhika bhAsvara hotA hai / ye aneka prakAra kI citra-vicitra mAlAoM se suzobhita aura itra Adi se gaMdhaguTikA bane rahate haiM / inakA cinha campaka vRkSa kI dhvajA hai / . inake dasa uttarabheda haiM - 1. puruSa, 2. satpuruSa, 3. mahApuraSa, 4. puruSavRSabha, 5. puruSottama, 6. atipuruSa, 7. marudeva, 8. maruta, 9. meruprabha aura 10. yazasvAna / 3. mahoraga - inakA varNa zyAma kintu saumya hai / inakA vega mahAna hotA hai| skandha tathA grIvA kA bhAga vizAla aura sthUla hotA hai / vibhinna prakAra ke AbharaNa dhAraNa karate haiM / inakA cinha nAgavRkSa kI dhvajA hai / ___ inake dasa upabheda haiM - 1. bhujaga, 2. bhogazAlI, 3. mahAkAya, 4. atikAya, 5. skandha zAlI, 6. manorama, 7. mahAvega, 8. maheSvakSa, 9. merukAnta aura. 10. bhAsvAna / 4. gaMdharva - inakA varNa lAla hotA hai| rupa priya, sundara mukha aura svara manojJa hotA hai / inakA cinha tumburu vRkSa kI dhvajA hai / .. inake 12 upabheda hai - 1. hAhA, 2. hUhU, 3. tumburu, 4. nArada, 5. RSivAdika, 6. bhUtavAdika, 7. kAdamba, 9. mahAkAdamba, 9. raivata, 10. vizvAvasu, 11. gItarati aura 12. gItayazA: / 5. yakSa - ye nirmala zyAma varNa vAle, gambhIra aura tundila (lambe udara vAle) hote haiM / inakA rUpa manojJa aura priya hotA hai / inake hAtha For Personal & Private Use Only

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176 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 11-12 pairoM ke talabhAga, nakha, tAlU, jihvA aura oSTha lAla hote haiM / inakA cinha vaTa vRkSa kI dhvajA hai / yakSiNiyA~ atIva sundara hotI haiM / prAcIna aura madhyakAla meM aura aba taka bhI inakI pUjA vizeSa rUpa se pracalita haiM / aneka yakSoM aura yakSAyatanoM kA ullekha tathA avasthiti kI carcA yatra-tatra aneka sthAnoM para haiM / .. [dhana devatA kubera, lakSmI Adi aneka prasiddha devI-devatA yakSa jAti ke hI haiM / inake 13 upabheda hai| 1. pUrNabhadra, 2. maNibhadra 3, zveta bhadra, 4. hari-bhadra, 5. sumanobhadra, 6. vyatipAtika bhadra, 7. subhadra, 8. sarvatobhadra, 9. manuSya yakSa, 10. vanAdhipati, 11. vanAhAra, 12. rUpayakSa aura 13. yakSottama / 6. rAkSasa - yaha dekhane meM bhayaMkara hote haiM / inakA cinha khaTvAMga kI dhvajA hai / inake 7 upabheda hai - 1. bhIma, 2. mahAbhIma, 3. vighna, 4. vinAyaka, 5. jalarAkSasa, 6. rAkSasa-rAkSasa aura 7. brahmarAkSasa / 7. bhUta - yaha zyAma varNavAle kintu saumya svabhAvI hote haiM / inakA rUpa sundara hotA hai / inakA cinha sulasa dhvajA hai / inake nau upabheda hai - 1. surUpa, 2. pratirUpa, 3. atirUpa, 4. bhUtottama, 5. skandika, 6. mahAskandika, 7. mahAvega, 8. praticchanna aura 9. AkAzaga / 8. pizAca - inakA rUpa sundara aura saumya hotA hai| inakA cinha kadamba vRkSa kI dhvajA hai / inake 15 upabheda hai - 1. kUSmAMDa, 2. paTaka, 3. joSa, 4. Ahraka, 5. kAla, 6. mahAkAla, 7. caukSa, 8. acaukSa, 9. tAlapizAca, 10. mukharapizAca, 1. adhastAraka, 12. deha, 13. mahAvideha, 14. tUSNIka aura 15. vnpishaac| isa prakAra vyaMtara devoM ke samasta upabhedoM kI gaNanA karane para (10+10+10+12+13+7+9+15=86) chyAsI bheda hote haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 177 anya granthoM meM inake 26 bheda batAye haiM, jinameM se 16 to vyaMtaradeva hai aura 10 prakAra ke jambhRka deva haiM / 16 vyaMtaradevoM meM 8 to vahI hai kinnara, kiMpuruSa Adi jo sUtra meM ginAye gaye haiM aura zeSa yaha haiM - 9. ANapannI, 10. pANapannI, 11. isIvAI, 12. bhUivAI, 13. kaMdIya, 14. mahAkaMdIya, 15. kohaMDa aura 16. payaMga / jRmbhaka deva haiM - 1. ANajRmbhaka 2, pANajRmbhaka, 3. layanajRmbhaka, 4. zayanajRmbhaka, 5. vastrajRmbhaka, 6. puSpajRmbhaka, 7. phalajRmbhaka, 8. puSpaphalajRmbhaka, 9. vidyAjRmbhaka aura 10. avyaktajRmbhaka / yaha dasa jAti ke jRmbhaka deva prAtaH sAyaM. madhyAnha aura madhyarAtri ina cAra saMdhyAoM meM pRthvI tala para adRzya rUpa se vicaraNa karate haiM aura apane jItAcAra ke anusAra 'hujjA -hujjA ' zabda kA uccAraNa karate haiM / hujjA - hujjA kA artha haiM - aisA hI ho, aisA hI ho / isa jItAcAra se yaha deva mAnava ko sAvadhAna karate hai ki kabhI bhI azobhanIya zabdoM kA uccAraNa na kare, kisI ko kaTu zabda na kahe, svayaM bhI zoka-tApa-Akrandana na kare, anyathA isakA duSpariNAma bhayaMkara rUpa meM sAmane AyegA / bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtaradevoM ke isa vistRta vivecana-paricaya se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki asurakumAra tathA bhUta-pizAca Adi ke bAre meM jo unakI bIbhatsatA, bhayaMkaratA, krUratA Adi rUpa vRttiyoM kI dhAraNA janamAnasa meM baiThI hai, vaha nirmUla hai / . asura .Adi bhavanavAsI aura bhUta Adi vyaMtaradeva devatva athavA zubhavRttiyoM ke virodhI nahIM haiM aura na yaha devoM ke virodhI haiM / yaha mAnava ko akAraNa dukhI bhI nahIM karate / bhUtoM Adi ke bAre meM jo viparIta bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ phailI huI haiM, unakA isa varNana se nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI bhalI bhA~ti hRdayaMgama ho jAnA cAhie ki jainadharmadarzana ke anusAra ina devoM kA kaisA svarUpa hai, vRtti-pravRtti hai / yahI isa samasta varNana kA abhipreta hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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For Personal & Private Use Only (1) kinnara T 1. kinnara 2. kiMpuruSa 3. kimpuruSottama 4. kinnarottama 5. hRdayagama 6. rUpazAlI 7. anindita 8. manorama 9. ratipriya 10. ratizreSTha vANavyataradevoM ke ATha bhedoM ke avAntara bheda vANavyaMtaradeva (2) kiMpuruSa | 1. puruSa 2. satpurUSa 3. mahApuruSa 4. puruSavRSabha 5. purUSottama 6. atipuruSa 7. marudeva 8. maruta 9. meruprabha 10. yazasvAna (3) mahoraga | 1. bhujaga 2. bhogazAlI 3. mahAkAya 4. atikAya 5. skandhazAlI 6. manorama 7. mahA 8. maheSvakSa 9. merukAnta 10. bhAsvAna (4) gandharva 1. hAhA 2. hUhU 3. tumbaru 4. nArada .5. RSivAdika 6. bhUtavAdika 7. kAdamba 8. mahAkAdamba 9. raivata 10. vizvAvasu 11. gItarata 12. gatiyaza 178 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 11-12

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(5) yakSa . (6) rAkSasa (7) bhUta (8) pizAca 1. bhIma 2. mahAbhIma 3. vighna 4. vinAyaka 5. jalarAkSasa 6. rAkSasa-rAkSasa 7. brahmarAkSasa . 1. pUrNabhadra 2. maNibhadra 3. zvetabhadra 4. haribhadra 5. sumanobhadra 6. vyatipAtikabhadra 7. subhadra 8. sarvatobhadra 9. manuSyayakSa 10. vanAdhipati 11. vanAhAra 12. rUpayakSa 13. pakSottama For Personal & Private Use Only 1. surUpa 2. pratirUpa 3. atirUpa 4. bhUtottama 5. skandika 6. mahAskandika 7. mahAvega 8. praticchanna 9. AkAzaga 1. kUSmAMDa 2. paTaka 3. joSa 4. AhUka 5. kAla 6. mahAkAla 7. caukSa 8. acaukSa 9. tAlapizAca 10. mukharapizAca 11. adhastAraka 12. deha 13. mahAvideha 14. tUSNIka 15. vanapizAca Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 179

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180 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 13-16 Agama vacana - joisiyA paMcavihA paNNattA, taM jahAcaMdA sUrA gahA nakkhattA tArA / prajJApanA, pada 1, devAdhikAra (jyotiSka deva pAMca prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) candra (2) sUrya (3) graha (4) nakSatra aura (5) tAre ) / te meru pariyaDatA payAhiNAvattamaMDalA savve / aNavaTTiyajogehiM caMdA sUrA gahagaNA ya // . - jIvAbhigama, tRtIya pratipatti, u. 2, sUtra 177 (vaha candramA, sUrya, grahoM ke samUha sthira na rahate hue nityamaNDalAkAra meM meruparvata kI pradakSiNA diyA karate haiM / ) . se keNaDheNaM bhaMte ! evaM vuccai- 'sUre Aice sUre' ? goyamA ! sUrAdiyA NaM samayAi vA AvaliyAi vA jAva assappiNIi vA avassappiNIi vA se teNaTheNaM jAva aaicce| -bhagavatI, za. 12, u. 6 ( bhagavan ! sUrya ko Aditya kisa kAraNa se kahate haiM ? gautama ! AvalikA Adi se lagAkara utsarpiNI - avasarpiNI taka ke samaya kI Adi sUrya se hI hotI hai, isa kAraNa se use Aditya kahate se kiM taM pamANakAle ? duvihe paNNatte taM jahAdivappamANakAle rAippamANakAle / icAi / bhagavatI, za. 11, u. 11, sUtra 424 __- jambUdvIpaprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, caMdraprajJapti pramANakAla kise kahate haiM ? vaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - (1) divasapramANa kAla aura (2) rAtri pramANakAla.. ityAdi.. ' (vizeSa-manuSya kSetra ke andara utpanna hue pA~co prakAra ke jyotiSka candramA, sUrya aura grahoM ke samUha calate rahate haiM / kintu manuSya kSetra ke bAhara ke zeSa candramA, sUrya, graha, nakSatra aura tAre gati nahIM karate haiM, calate nahIM hai / unake nizcala samajhanA cAhie / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 181 jyotiSka deva jyotiSkA-sUryAzcandramaso gRhanakSatraprakIrNatArakAzca / 13 / merupradakSiNA nityagatayo nRloke / 14 / tatkRtaH kAlavibhAga : / 15 / bahiravasthitA : / 16 / jyotiSka nikAya ke pA~ca bheda haiM (1) candra (2) sUrya (3) graha (4) nakSatra aura (5) tArA / yaha (pA~coM jyotiSka nikAya) nitya gamana karate haiM aura (manuSya kSetra meM) meruparvata kI pradakSiNA (maNDalAkAra rUpa meM ) karate rahate haiM / una (gatizIla jyotiSkoM) ke dvArA kAla kA vibhAga huA hai / yaha (jyotiSka nikAya) manuSya kSetra se bAhara sthira haiM / vivecana - prastuta sUtra 13 se 16 taka meM jyotiSka devoM ke nAma, unake bhramaNa tathA bhramaNa ke kAraNa kAla vibhAga evaM manuSya kSetra ke bAhara unake sthira rahane kA varNana huA hai / jyotiSka devoM ke bheda - jyotiSka deva pA~ca prakAra ke haiM -candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra aura tArA (prakIrNaka) / candra aura sUrya ke bAre meM to sabhI ko vidita hai / graha haiM, budha, zukra, bRhaspati, maMgala, zanaizcara aura ketu / inake atirikta sUryaprajJapti Adi granthoM meM 88 mahAgrahoM ke bhI nAma ginAye gaye hai| ___ nakSatra 28 hai (1) abhijita (2) zravaNa (3) dhaniSThA (4) zatabhiSaka (5) pUrvAbhAdrapada (6) uttarAbhAdrapada (7) revatI (8) azvinI (9) bharaNI (10) kRttikA (11) rohiNI (12) mRgazIrSa (13) ArdrA (14) punarvasu (15) puSya (16) AzleSA (17) maghA (18) pUrvAphAlgunI (19) uttarAphAlgunI (20) hasta (21) citrA (22) svAti (23) vizAkhA (24) anurAdhA (25) jyeSThA (26) mUla (27) pUrvASAr3hA (28) uttarASAr3hA / tArA aura prakIrNaka yaha aniyatacAra - bhramaNa karane vAle haiM, kabhI ye sUrya aura candramA ke nIce gati karate haiM aura kabhI Upara gati karate haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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182 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 13-16 jyotiS cakra kI avasthiti - pA~co prakAra ke jyotiSka deva jambUdvIpa ke meruparvata ke samatala bhUmibhAga se UrdhvadizA me 790 yojana se lekara 900 yojana taka haiM / sAtha hI meruparvata se 1121 yojana dUra hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki sabhI jyotiSI deva meruparvata kI paridhi se 1121 yojana dUra rahakara hI maNDalAkAra gati meM bhramaNa karate hue meru parvata kI pradakSiNA dete rahate haiM / meru ke samatala bhUmibhAga (pRthvI) se 790 yojana Upara tArAoM ke vimAna haiM / (yadyapi ye aniyatacArI haiM, kabhI candra-sUrya ke Upara to kabhI nIce gati karate haiM; kintu ye candra-sUrya tathA grahoM se sadaiva 10 yojana dUra hI rahate haiM aura 790 yojana se nIce kabhI nahIM aate| ) ___ meru ke samatala (pRthvI) se sUrya kA vimAna 800 yojana Upara hai, candramA kA vimAna 880 yojana, nakSatroM ke vimAna 884 yojana, budha (graha) kA vimAna 888 yojana, zukra kA vimAna 891 yojana, bRhaspati kA vimAna 894 yojana, maMgala kA vimAna 897 yojana aura zanaizcara kA vimAna 900 yojana kI U~cAI para hai / isa prakAra sampUrNa jyotiS cakra 110 yojana (900-790) meM phailA huA hai / jyotiSkakAya kA kAraNa - yaha sampUrNa jyotiSkadeva aura unake vimAna atyanta prakAzamAna hote haiM / unake zarIra kI prabhA jyoti ke sthAna dIpta haiM tathA unake vimAna se digmaNDala jyotita hote haiM, isI kAraNa inheM jyotiSka deva kahA gayA hai / / jyotiSka devoM ke cinha - jyotiSka devoM ke cinha unake mukuTa meM hote haiM, unase unakI pahacAna hotI hai / yathA -sUrya ke mukuTa meM sUrya maNDala kA cinha hotA hai aura candramA ke mukuTa meM candra maNDala kA / isI prakAra vibhinna graha, nakSatra aura tAre tathA prakIrNaka devoM ke mukuToM meM bhI ina-inake maNDaloM ke cinha hote haiM / gati sahAyI deva - yadyapi sUrya-candra Adi devoM ke vimAna svayaM hI svabhAvataH apane-apane maMDala meM niyamita rUpa se gati karate rahate haiM, unheM gati ke lie kinhIM bhI devoM kI sahAyatA kI na apekSA hotI haiM, na aavshyktaa| phira bhI Abhiyogya (sevaka) jAti ke deva apane jAtigata svabhAva ke kAraNa unake vimAnoM ke nIce lage rahate haiM aura mana meM yaha bhAva rakhate hai ki hama isa vimAna ko calA rahe haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 183 sAmane ke bhAga meM siMha samAna AkRti vAle, dAhinI ora gajAkRti vAle pIche kI ora vRSabhAkRti vAle ora bAIM ora azvAkRti vAle deva ina vimAnoM ke nIce lagakara inheM uThAye calate rahate haiM / eka candra kA parivAra - eka candra ke parivAra meM 28 nakSatra, 88 mahAgraha aura 66975 koTAkoTi tAre haiM / manuSyaloka meM sUrya-candra kI saMkhyA - yaha pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki DhAI dvIpa taka manuSyaloka hai / DhAI dvIpa haiM- jaMbUdvIpa, dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa aura arddhapuSkaravaradvIpa / jaMbudvIpa aura dhAtakIkhaMDadvIpa ke bIca meM lavaNa samudra hai aura dhAtakIkhaNDa tathA puSkaravara dvIpa ke bIca meM kAlodadhi samudra hai / puSkaravara dvIpa ke bIca me mAnuSottara parvata haiM / manuSya isa parvata ke idhara hI haiM, isase Age nahIM / / DhAI dvIpa athavA manuSya kSetra meM kula 132 sUrya aura 132 candra haiM / inakA dvIpa samudragata vivaraNa isa prakAra hai - jaMbUdvIpa meM 2 candra aura 2 sUrya haiM / lavaNasamudra meM cAra-cAra candra sUrya haiM / dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa meM bAraha-bAraha candra-sUrya haiM / kAlodadhi samudra meM inakI saMkhyA bayAlIsa-bayAlIsa hai aura puSkaravarArddha dvIpa meM bahattara-bahattara isa prakAra candramAoM kI saMkhyA (2+4+12+42+72=132) hai aura itanI hI saMkhyA sUryoM kI hai / cAra athavA paribhramaNa gati - jaisA ki batAyA jA cukA hai - jaMbUdvIpa meM do sUrya aura do candramA haiM / ataH eka sUrya merU parvata kI pradakSiNA do dina meM karatA hai / isakA paribhramaNa kSetra jaMbUdvIpa ke andara 180 yojana aura lavaNasamudra meM 330, 48/61 yojana haiM / sUrya ke ghUmane ke maNDala 183 haiM aura eka maNDala se dUsare maNDala kA antara 2 yojana haiM / isa prakAra prathama maMDala se antima maNDala. taka Ane meM sUrya ko 366 dina lagate haiM / yahI eka saura varSa hai| vizeSa - Adhunika vijJAna bhI saura varSa ko 365, 1/4 dina kA mAnatA hai / candra kI gati sUrya kI apekSA kucha kama haiM / vaha meru kI pradakSiNA 2 dina se kucha adhika samaya meM kara pAtA hai| usake maMDala 15 haiM / 15 maMDaloM meM candra eka mahine (cAndramAsa) meM 14, 1/4+1/124 maMDala hI calatA hai, ataH cAndra varSa meM 355/356 dina hote haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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184 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 13-16 arthAta saura varSa se cAMdra varSa 10 dina kama hote hai| vizeSa - isa antara ko 3 varSa meM eka puruSottama mAsa (mala mAsa .yA lauMdha mAsa Leap year) mAna kara pUrA kara liyA jAtA hai aura saura tathA cAndra varSa kA sAmaMjasya biThA liyA jAtA hai / candramA kI dhImI gati hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI candrodaya Age pIche hotA hai / yAnI zukla pakSa kI ekama kI apekSA dvitIyA kA candra vilamba se udita hotA hai tathA isI taraha Age kI tithiyoM meM bhI / / kAlavibhAga- jaisA ki sUtra 15 meM kahA gayA hai- jyotiSka devoM (sUrya-candra) ke cAra (paribhramaNa) se kAla kA vibhAga hotA hai| kAla vibhAga se yahAM abhiprAya hai- muhUrta, prahara, dina, rAta, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, varSa Adi / Adhunika zabdAvalI meM saikaNDa, minaTa, ghaNTA, dina, rAta, pakSa, mAsa, varSa Adi / kintu AgamoM meM aise kAla ko vyavahAra kAla kahA hai / vyavahAra kAla abhiprAya hai, jisase muhUrta, prAtaH, sandhyA Adi kA vyavahAra ho, dina-rAta, varSa Adi kA vyavahAra kiyA jAye / isI apekSA se kAla ke do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM - 1. pradezaniSpanna aura 2. vibhAganiSpanna / pradezaniSpanna kAla eka samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya taka kA asaMkhyAta prakAra kA hai / vibhAganiSpanna kAla aneka prakAra kA hai - 1. samaya, 2. AvalikA, 3. muhUrta, 4. ahorAtra, 5. pakSa, 6. mAsa, 7. Rtu, 8. ayana, 9. saMvatsara (varSa), 10. yuga, 11. pUrvAMga ityAdi / kAla-vibhAga niSpanna vyavahAra kAla kI tAlikA asaMkhyAta samaya = 1 AvalikA saMkhyAta AvalikA = niHzvAsa yA 1 ucchvAsa 1 ucchvAsa ) + 1 nizvAsa ) = 1 prANa 7 prANa = 1 stoka 7 stoka = 1 lava 77 lava = 1 muhUrta 3773 ucchavAsa = 9 muhUrva 158 minaTa) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 185 30 muhUrta = 1 ahorAtra (24 ghaMTe-eka rAta-dina) 15 ahorAtra = 1 pakSa (Fortnight) 2 pakSa = 1 mAsa (month) 2 mAsa = 1 Rtu 3 Rtu = 1 ayana (chaha mAha) 2 ayana = 1 saMvatsara (varSa-year) 5 saMvatsara = 1 yuga 84 lAkha saMvatsara = 1 pUrvAMga isI prakAra yaha gaNanA saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta, anantAnanta taka bar3hatI calI gaI hai / isa samasta vyavahAra-kAla gaNanA kA AdhAra candra-sUrya kA cAra athavA bhamraNa haiM / sthira jyotiSka - jaisA ki sUtra 16 meM batAyA gayA hai - manuSyaloka se Age ke dvIpa samudroM meM jyotiSI deva sthira haiM, arthAt ve nizcala haiM, paribhramaNa nahIM karate haiM / isI kAraNa vahA~ muhUrta, ghur3I, dina-rAta Adi kAla-vyavahAra nahIM hotA / jahA~ candra hotA hai vahA~ dUdhiyA cAMdanI phailI rahatI hai aura jahAM sUrya kA prakAza hotA hai vahA~ sunaharA prakAza vikIrNa hotA rahatA hai / ___yahA~ (manuSyaloka) kI apekSA jyotiSka devoM kA prakAza bhI kama hai aura vimAnoM kA parimANa bhI AdhA hai / sAtha hI vaha sthira hai, na ghaTatA hai, na bar3hatA hai / sthira rahane ke kAraNa vahAM grahaNa Adi bhI nahIM hote / vahAM unakA prakAza eka lAkha yojana taka phailatA hai aura sthira rahatA hai / . sampUrNa jyotiSka devoM kI saMkhyA - jaisA ki tIsare adhyAya meM batAyA jA cukA haiM madhyaloka meM asaMkhyAta dvIpasamudra haiM / ataH sUrya, candra Adi jyotiSka deva bhI asaMkhyAta hI haiM / isa prakAra jyotiSka devoM kA varNana pUrA huA / Adhunika vijJAna kI bhUgola khagola sambandhI mAnyatAeM Adhunika yuga meM vijJAna kA pracAra kAphI hai / vaijJAnikoM ne pRthvI aura jyotirloka sambandhI kAphI khojeM bhI kI haiM / jyotirloka sambandhI khojo ko unhoMne antarikSa vijJAna nAma diyA hai / yadyapi vaijJAnika zodhe abhI antima nahIM hai / vijJAna svayaM hI anu For Personal & Private Use Only

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186 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 13-16 saMdhitsu chAtra kI sthiti meM hai jo satya kI khoja meM laganazIla hai, prakRti ke rahasyoM ko udghATita karane meM juTA huA haiM; phira bhI jitanI khoja vaha kara sakA hai, usakA kAphI pracAra ho rahA hai / / yadyapi Aja taka koI vaijJAnika yaha dAvA nahIM kara rahA hai ki usane pUrNarUpa se satya kA patA lagA liyA hai, vaha antima bindu taka jA pahuMcA hai, apitu mahAna vaijJAnika nyUTana ke zabdoM meM unakI yahI mAnyatA hai ki 'abhI hama to kinAre ke kaMkara-patthara hI baTora rahe haiM, jJAna kA mahAsAgara to abhI hamase bahuta dUra hai / itanA hone para jana-sAmAnya vaijJAnika khojoM ke pariNAmo ko antima satya svIkAra karake mana-mastiSka meM dhAraNa karate cale jA rahe haiM / isI kAraNa yahA~ Adhunika vijJAna kI bhUgola-khagola sambandhI dhAraNAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / saura-maNDala kI utpatti . . vaijJAnika isa loka ko jaina darzana ke samAna zAzvata nahIM mAnate, apitu eka ghaTanA (athavA durghaTanA Accident) kA pariNAma mAnate haiM, vaha ghaTanA vaijJAnika isa prakAra batAte haiM - anumAnataH Aja se 2 araba varSa pUrva koI vizAlakAya tArA hamAre sUrya se TakarA gayA hogA / usa TakarAhaTa se sUrya meM uthala-puthala maca gaI hogI aura sUrya se kaI khaNDa TUTakara alaga ho gaye hoMge / ve hI maMgala, budha, gurU, zukra, zani ke tAre hai aura usa sUrya kA hI eka Tukar3A pRthvI hai / phira bhI sUrya kAphI bar3A zeSa rahA thA / isa kAraNa usakI AkarSaNa zakti bhI sabase adhika thI / isIlie ye sabhI piNDa sUrya kI AkarSaNa zakti se prabhAvita hokara usake cAroM ora ghUmane lage / prArambha meM pRthvI seva ke samAna Upara ke sire para nukIlI thI / kintu tIvra gati se ghUmane ke kAraNa usakI Upara kI noMka TUTakara chiTaka gaI aura vaha candramA bana gaI tathA pRthvI ke cAroM ora ghUmane lagI / yahI kAraNa hai ki candramA pRthvI ke cAroM ora ghUmatA hai / / prArambha meM pRthvI ati uSNa thI / dhIre-dhIre vaha sUrya se dUra hotI gaI / usakA paribhramaNacakra bar3hatA gayA aura usI mAtrA meM vaha ThaNDI hotI gai / phira usakA vAyumaNDala banA, gaise banIM jo pAnI banakara barasI aura sAgara, mahAsAgara Adi bane / Ubar3a-khAbar3a pRthvI para kahI For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 187 gahare gaDr3he the aura kahIM mIloM U~ce TIle / pAnI barasane se gaDDhe sAgara Adi bana gaye aura U~ce TIle parvata bana gaye / phira paristhiti anukUla hone para vanaspati utpanna huI, pAnI para kAI jamI, ekakoSIya jIva amIbA (Amoeba) astitva meM Aye aura phira bahukoSIya jIvoM kI utpatti huI / pahale kRmi (laTa Adi Creatures) phira cITI Adi taba bicchU, makkhI jaise jIva, pRthvI aura pAnI donoM meM jIvita raha sakane vAle kacchapa Adi jIvadhArI astitva meM Aye / tatpazcAt reMgane vAle prANi (Reptiles-sarpa, keMcuA Adi) pairoM para calane vAle prANI (stanadhArI-Mammals- gAya Adi) - yAnI pazu jagata (Animals) kA vikAsa huA / inameM se kucha prANiyoM ne agale do pairoM ko uThAkara ur3ane kA prayAsa kiyA to unake pA~va paroM me vikasita ho gaye aura ve pakSI (Birds) kahalAye / bhUmi para calane vAle jIvadhArI (pazu) vikAsa karate-karate ciMpAjI (ape) Adi bane, phira vanamAnuSa aura phira manuSya astitva meM Aye / yaha huI pRthvI para jIvana-vikAsa kahAnI / / pRthvI kI gati ke bAre meM vaijJAnikoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki dhIre dhIre pRthvI kA paripatha (sUrya ke cAroM ora cakkara lagAne kA mArga) bar3hatA jA rahA hai aura pRthvI sUrya se dUra hotI jA rahI hai / Aja se kaI hajAra varSa pahale pRthvI sUrya kA cakkara 270 dina meM lagA letI thI, aba 365, 1/4 dina meM lagAtI hai aura eka dina aisA AyegA jabaki isase caugunA samaya lagA kregaa| yAnI varSa ke dina cAra gune ho jAyeMge / . aura phira isa para jIvana kA anta ho jAyegA, yaha nIhArikA ke samAna zUnya (Bare land) ho jAyegI / isI prakAra pRthvI prArambha meM apanI dhurI para 4 ghaNTe meM ghUma jAtI thii| usa samaya 2 ghaNTe kA dina aura 2 ghaNTe kI rAta hotI thI / aba 24 ghaNTe meM ghUmatI hai aura kAphI lambI avadhi ke bAda ise 1400 ghaNTe lagA kareMge yAnI 700 ghaNTo kA dina aura 700 ghaNToM kI rAta huA kareMgI / prArambha meM vaijJAnikoM kI mAnyatA thI ki pRthvI kI utpatti 1. 'jana darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna' pustaka ke AdhAra se / For Personal & Private Use Only

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188 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 13-16 2 araba varSa pahale huI thI / kintu abhI 70 ke dazaka meM dakSiNI dhruva para utkhanana se jo dIrghakAya jAnavaroM ke jIvAzma tathA asthipiMjara (Fossils of dionasores) prApta hue haiM aura jaba kArbana DeMTiMga praNAlI dvArA una asthirapiMjaroM kI kAla gaNanA kI gaI to unameM se aneka nicalI partoM se nikale hue lagabhaga 5 araba varSa purAne nikale / isa para vaijJAnikoM ne pRthvI kI utpatti dasa araba varSa pUrva kahanA zurU kara diyA aura kucha vaijJAnika to 'araboM-kharaboM varSa pUrva' kahane lage hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki abhI vaijJAnika isa bAta para nizcita nahIM hai ki pRthvI kI utpatti kaba, kisa prakAra aura kitane varSa pUrva huI / pRthvImaNDala aba Adhunika vaijJAnika matAnusAra pRthvImaNDala kI saMkSipta jAnakArI kara leM / Adhunika mAnyatA ke anusAra, jisa pRthvI para mAnava jAti nivAsa karatI hai, vaha miTTI - patthara kA nAraMgI ke AkAra kA eka golA hai / isakA vyAsa lagabhaga 8000 mIla aura paridhi lagabhaga 25000 mIla hai / pRthvI ke cAro ora vAyumaNDala hai, jo zurU meM saghana hai aura Age virala hotA gayA hai / yaha vAyumaNDala pRthvI ke cAroM ora 400 mIla taka phailA huA hai / pRthvI kA uccatama parvata zikhara himAlaya kA mAunTa evaresTa hai jo lagabhaga 30 hajAra phITa ( 51/2 mIla) U~cA hai aura sAgara ( prazAMta mahAsAgara) kI gaharAI sarvAdhika 35,400 phITa (lagabhaga 6 mIla) hai / pRthvI tala para 29% thala ( sUkhI jamIna, miTTI patthara Adi) hai aura 71% jala hai / yaha eka vicitra vizeSatA hai ki jala ke nIce jala hai aura sthala ke nIce sthala hai / ( globa meM yaha sthiti spaSTataH darzAyI jAtI hai / ) isameM sAta mahAdvIpa aura chaha mahAsAgara haiM / inameM se eziyA mahAdvIpa ke dakSiNa meM bhAratavarSa haiM / candramA sambandhI jAnakArI Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne lagabhaga 12 bAra candramA- prayANa kiyA hai / aura prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra nimna tathya prasArita kiyA haiM / candramA kI pRthvI se dUrI = 381171 kilomITara candramA kA vyAsa = 2160 mIla yA 3456 kilomITara ( pRthvI ke vyAsa kA caturtha bhAga ) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #213
Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 189 candramA kI paridhi = 10864 kilomITara candramA kA tApamAna = 117 senTIgreDa (jaba sUrya sira para ho) candramA rAtri tApamAna = 137 senTIgreDa candra sataha kA gurutvAkarSaNa pRthvI ke gurutvAkarSaNa kA chaThA bhAga hai (arthAt pRthvI para jisa vastu kA bhAra 6 kilo hai, candra para usakA bhAra 1 kilo hogA) candramA kI gati 3669 kilomITara prati ghaNTA hai / yaha pRthvI kI eka parikramA 27 dina, 7 ghaNTe 43 minaTa meM pUrI karatA hai| saura maNDala ke anya graha isase bahuta dura hai / sUrya sambandhI jAnakArI sUrya maNDala pRthvI se lagabhaga 9 // karor3a mIla dUra hai / prakAza kI gati 1,86,000 mIla prati saikaNDa athavA 1 karor3a, 11 lAkha, 60 hajAra mIla prati minaTa hai / isa pramANa se sUrya kA prakAza pRthvI taka Ane meM 8, 1/2 minaTa lagate haiM / yaha sUrya Aga kA golA hai, jisameM lAkhoM mIla U~cI jvAlAe~ uThatI rahatI haiM / isake dharAtala para 10000 DigrI phArenahITa garmI hai / sUrya kA vyAsa 860000 mIla hai / yaha pRthvI se 15 lAkha gunA bar3A hai / isase karor3o mIla vistRta saura maNDala meM prakAza aura uSNatA phailatI hamArI pRthvI isa sUrya kI parikramA 365, 1/4 dina meM karatI hai / pRthvI ke samAna hI zani, budha, bRhaspati, zukra Adi graha bhI sUrya kI parikramA kara rahe haiM / saura-maNDala kI sthiti nimna tAlikA meM dikhAI gaI haiM - graha kA sUrya se ausata ausata vyAsa parikramA kA upagrahoM nAma dUrI (mIloM me) (mIloM me) samaya (varSoM me) kI saMkhyA 1 budha 3,60,00,000 3030 0.22 2 zukra 6,72,00,000 7700 0.62 3 pRthvI 9,29,00,000 7918 1.00 1 caMdramA 4 maMgala . 14,15,00,000 4230 1.88 5 bRhaspati 48,32,00,000 86500 11.86 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #214
190 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 13-16 6 zani 88,59,00,000 73000 29.46 7 aruNa 1,78,22,00,000 31900 84.02 . 4 8 varuNa 2,79,16,00,000 34800 164.78 1 9 kubera 3,70,00,00,000 3605 250.00 ajJAta sUrya tathA usakA graha kuTumba milAkara sUrya maNDala kahA jAtA hai / sUrya maNDala lagabhaga 900 karor3a mIla lambA caur3A haiM / hamArA sUryamaNDala (apane sampUrNa aura parivAra se parivRta hokara) airAvata patha nAmaka brahmAMDa meM sthita haiM aura mandAkinI AkAza gaMgA kA cakkara lagA rahA hai| isameM ise 30 karor3a, 67 lAkha, 20 hajAra varSa lagate haiM / isa brahmAMDa meM aise 1 // araba sUrya maNDala ghUma rahe haiM / ityAdi / - vaijJAnikoM dvArA brahmAMDa kA kathana to bahuta lambA hai, vaha sArA varNana yahA~ na prasaMgopAtta hai aura na upayogI hI hai| yahA~ to hameM sirpha yaha dekhanA hai ki vaijJAnika mata aura jainadarzana meM pramukha antara kyA haiM ? nakSatroM ke isa gambhIra gaNita aura bhUla-bhulaiyA meM janasAdhAraNa kI adhika ruci bhI nahIM hai| unheM isa bAta se koI antara nahIM par3atA ki sUrya pRthvI se kitanI dUra hai athavA usameM kitanI garmI hai / ___sAmAnya vyakti kI jijJAsA to pramukha rUpa se eka hI hai ki sUrya ghUmatA hai athavA pRthvI ? pRthvI aura sUrya meM se kauna sthira haiM aura kauna cala hai ? kyoMki jainadarzana pRthvI ko sthira aura sUrya ko gatizIla mAnatA hai jabaki vaijJAnika pRthvI ko bhI gatizIla mAnate haiM / ___ uparokta vaijJAnika mAnyatA se yaha to spaSTa ho gayA hai ki vaijJAnika bhI sUrya, budha, bRhaspati Adi sabhI grahoM ko gatizIla mAnate haiM / antara sirpha itanA hI hai ki vaijJAnika mAnyatA ke anusAra anya graha sUrya kI parikramA lagAte haiM aura sUrya una sabhI grahoM se parivRta hokara maMdAkinI AkAzagaMgA kI parikramA lagA rahA hai tathA vaha sampUrNa AkAzagaMgA kisI aura AkAzagaMgA kI parikramA kara rahI haiM, yahI krama brahmAMDa meM cala rahA hai / jabaki jaina darzana ke anusAra sUrya Adi sabhI jyotiSka deva meru kI pradakSiNA lagA rahe haiN| kintu pramukha matabheda pRthvI ke gatizIla hone yA na hone kA hai / isa viSaya meM thor3I carcA Avazyaka hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #215
Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 191 prAcIna kAla meM madhyakAla taka samasta vizva meM yaha sarvamAnya mata pracalita thA ki pRthvI acala aura sUrya gatimAna hai / pRthvI kA 'acalA' nAma usakI sthiratA ko hI puSTa karatA hai / kintu madhyakAla meM iTalI ke vidvAna gelIliyo ne yaha siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA ki sUrya sthira hai aura pRthvI ghUmatI hai / usa samaya gelIliyo ke isa kathana ko kisI ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA, galata batAyA / (vAstavika dRSTi se yaha thA bhI galata kyoMki navInatama vaijJAnika khojoM ne hI sUrya ko bhI gatimAna siddha kara diyA hai / ) gelIliyo kA yaha siddhAnta kaI zatAbdiyoM taka vismRti ke garbha meM samAyA rahA / solahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda jaba yUropa meM dharmavirodha aura vaijJAnikatA kI lahara vyApta hone lagI to unakA dhyAna gelIliyo ke isa siddhAnta kI ora gayA / kAparanikasa ne isakA joradAra samarthana karake ise punarjIvana pradAna kara diyA / . kAphI samaya taka 'sUrya sthira hai' yaha siddhAnta pUre jora-zora se calatA rahA; kintu navInatama vaijJAnika khojoM ne kAparanikasa ke 'sUrya sthira hai' isa siddhAnta kI jar3eM hilA dI haiM / isa viSaya meM hama sabase pahale Adhunika yuga ke mahAnatama vaijJAnika albarTa AinsTIna ke zabda uddhRta karate haiM / ve kahate The relative motion of the members of Solar system may be explained as the older geocentric mode and on the other introduced by Copernicus. Both are legitimate and give a correct description of the motion (Relativety and Commonense by Denton) arthAt saura-parivAra ke sadasyoM (grahoM) kA cAra prAcIna siddhAnta (pRthvI sthira hai) ke anusAra bhalIbhA~ti samajhAyA jA sakatA hai aura kAparanikasa ke siddhAMta (sUrya sthira hai) ke anusAra bhI / (isa dRSTi se) donoM hI satya haiM aura sthiti kA sahI vivaraNa dete haiM / unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki gaNita kI suvidhA ke lie sUrya ko sthira mAnA gayA hai / nimna zabdoM meM dekhie - Nevertheless, many complications are avoided by imagining that the sun and not the earth is at rest. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #216
192 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 13-16 inake atirikta krisTAila nAma ke gaNita vidvAna bhI pRthvI - bhramaNa ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra nahIM karate / nyUyArka kI dI phorTiyana laoN sosAyaTI ke sadasya bhI pRthvI kI gatizIlatA ko svIkAra nahIM karate / 'artha ija nATa e globa' ke amerikana lekhaka ne apanI isa pustaka meM aneka yuktiyoM se siddha kiyA hai ki pRthvI sthira haiM / . isI prakAra ke vicAra anya aneka vidvAnoM ne vyakta kiye haiM / uparokta saMpUrNa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki vaijJAnikoM kA bhI 'pRthvI bhramaNazIla' hai| yaha antima mata nahIM hai / ' . phira bhI Azcarya hai ki skUla ke baccoM ko yahI par3hAyA jA rahA hai ki 'pRthvI bhramaNazIla hai|' isa carcA ko Age na bar3hAkara eka cintaka ke zabdoM ko uddhRta kara denA kAphI hogA - "abhI vijJAna zodha aura prayoga ke stara para hai / bahuta sambhava hai ki jaba vijJAna kI zodha pUrNa ho jAya to vaha usI sthAna para pahuMca jAya, jahA~ dharmAcArya pahale se hI virAjamAna hai aura vaha bhI inhI kI bhASA bolane lge|' Agama vacana - vemANiyA duvihA paNNattA, taM jahA-kappopavaNNagA ya kappAiyA ya / - - prajJApanA, prathama pada, sU. 50 (vaimAnika (deva) do prakAra ke hote haiM, - (1) kalpopapanna (2) kalpAtIta) IsANassa kappassa uppiM sapakkhi.. icAi - prajJApanA, pada 2, vaimAnika devAdhikAra (IzAnakalpa se Upara-Upara bAkI saba racanA samAna hai| ) sohamma IsANa saNaM ku mAra mAhinda baMbhaloya laMtaga mahAsukka sahassAra ANaya pANaya AraNa accuta heTThimagevenaga majjhimagevejaga uparimagevejjaga vijaya vejayanta jayanta aparAjiya savvaTThasiddha devA ya - prajJApanA, pada 6, anuyogadvAra sU. 103, aupapAtika, siddhAdhikAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 193 (saudharma, IzAna, sAnatkumAra, mAhendra, brahmaloka, lAMtaka, mahAzukra, sahastrAra, Anata, prANata, AraNa, acyuta, adhograiveyaka, madhyamagraiveyaka, uparimagraiveyaka, vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura savArthasiddha ke deva (vaimAnika deva) kahalAte haiM / vaimAnika deva - vaimAnikAH / 17 / kalpopapannAH kalpAtItAzca / 18 / uparyupari / 19 / 'saudharmezAnasAnatkumAramAhendrabrahmalokalAntakamahAzukra sahastrArejvAnataprANatayorAraNAcyutayornavasu gaiveyake Su vijayavaijayantajayantA'parAjiteSu sarvArthasiddheca / 20 / vimAnoM meM rahane vAle deva vaimAnika haiM / yaha kalpoMpapanna aura kalpAtIta do prakAra ke haiM / yaha (vimAna evaM vaimAnika deva) Upara-Upara haiM / saudharma, IzAna, sAnatkumAra, mAhendra, brahmaloka, lAntaka, mahAzukra, sahastrAra, ANata, prANata, AraNa, acyuta (yaha 12 kalpa-svarga) tathA 9 graiveyaka aura (5 anuttaravimAna) vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita tathA savArthasiddha inameM ve (vaimAnika deva) nivAsa karate haiM / vivecana - prastuta sUtra 17 se 20 taka meM vaimAnika devoM ke nivAsa ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai / yadyapi anya nikAyoM ke devoM ke bhI vimAna hote haiM; kintu vaimAnikadevoM ke vimAnoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve atizaya puNya ke phalasvarUpa prApta ho pAte haiM, unameM nivAsa karane vAle deva bhI vizeSa puNyavAna hote haiM / 1. digambara paramparA meM 16 kalpa (svarga) mAne gaye haiM / vahA~ brahmaloka ke bAda brahmottara, lAntaka ke bAda kApiTha aura zukra tathA mahAzukra ke bAda zatAra svarga aura mAne gaye hai / isaliye vahA~ brahmottara chaThA, kApiSTha AThavAM; aura zukra navAM tathA zatAra gyArahavAM kalpa hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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194 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 17-20 ise eka udAharaNa se samajha le| jaise eka sAmAnya makAna aura koI AlIzAna baMgalA, jisameM Adhunikatama sabhI suvidhAe~ upalabdha hai. / makAna yA nivAsa sthAna donoM hI hai| kintu jaisA antara ina makAnoM meM hai, vaisA hI antara anya devoM aura vaimAnika devoM ke vimAnoM meM samajha lenA cAhie / kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta kA antara - jahAM taka indra, maMtrI senApati Adi kI vyavasthA hai, ve kalpa kahalAte haiM aura unameM utpanna hone vAle deva kalpopapanna / aisI vyavasthA bArahaveM svargaloka taka hI hai / (jahA~ indra Adi kI bheda-rekhA nahIM hai, sabhI deva samAna haiM, (inheM ahamindra bhI kahate haiM, ) ve kalpAtIta kahalAte haiM / 9 graiveyaka aura 5 anuttara vimAnoM ke deva kalpatIta haiM / vimAnoM kI avasthiti - yaha sabhI vimAna Upara-Upara haiN| sUtra kA yaha kathana sAmAnya hai / isakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai - (1-2) saudharma aura IzAnakalpa - jaMbUdvIpa ke meruparvata se asaMkhyAta yojana (1,1/2 DeDha rAjU) Upara jAne para merUparvata kI dakSiNa dizA meM pahalA saudharma kalpa hai aura isI kI samazreNI meM dUsarA IzAna kalpa hai| donoM hI lagar3AkAra (khar3e arddha candra AkAra ke samAna) haiM / donoM milakara pUrNa caMdra ke AkAra ke dikhAI dete haiM / pahale svarga meM 13 pratara haiM, dUsare svarga meM bhI 13 pratara haiM / pahale svarga meM 32 lAkha vimAna haiM aura dUsare devaloka meM 28 lAkha / pahale svarga kA indra saudharma hai / ise zakrendra bhI kahA jAtA hai / dUsare svarga kA indra aizAna hai / (3-4) sAnatkumAra aura mAhendrakalpa - pahale tathA dUsare kalpa se asaMkhyAta yojana upara jAne para pahale kalpa ke Upara tIsarA kalpa sAnatkumAra hai aura usI kI sama-zreNI meM cauthA kalpamAhendra hai / ye donoM bhI lagar3AkAra haiM / ina donoM svargoM meM bAraha-bAraha pratara haiM tathA tIsare meM 12 lAkha va cauthe meM 8 lAkha vimAna hai / (5) brahmaloka - tIsare aura cauthe svarga se asaMkhyAta yojana (1/ 2 rAjU) Upara jAne para pAMcavA~ brahmaloka nAma kA kalpa hai| yaha pUrNacandra ke AkAra kA hai / isameM 6 pratara tathA cAra lAkha vimAna hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 195 (6) lAntaka kalpa - brahmaloka svarga se asaMkhyAta yojana (1/ 2 rAjU) Upara jAne para chaThA lAntaka kalpa AtA hai / isameM pA~ca pratara tathA 50 hajAra vimAna haiM / isakA AkAra pUrNacandra ke samAna hai / (7) mahAzukra kalpa - yaha lAntakakalpa se aMsakhyAta yojana (1/ 4 rAjU) Upara avasthita haiM / isakA AkAra pUrNa candra jaisA hai / isameM cAra pratara aura 40 hajAra vimAna hai / (8) sahastrArakalpa - yaha mahAzukra kalpa se aMsakhyAta yojana (1/ 4 rAjU) Upara avasthita haiM / isakA bhI AkAra pUrNa candra jaisA hai / isameM cAra pratara aura 6000 vimAna hai / (9-10) ANata aura prANata kalpa - yaha donoM kalpa sahastrAra kalpa se aMsakhyAta yojana (1/4 rAjU) Upara samazreNI meM avasthita haiM / ye donoM hI lagar3Akara (khar3e arddha candra kA AkAra) saMsthAna vAle haiM / donoM milakara hI pUrNa candra AkAra ke dikhAI dete haiM / ina donoM meM milAkara cAra pratara aura 400 vimAna haiM / ina donoM kalpoM kA eka hI indra hai, jisakA nAma prANata hai / (11-12) AraNa-acyuta kalpa - ANata aura prANata kalpa se asaMkhyAta yojana (1/2 rAjU) Upara jAne para gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM AraNa aura acyuta kalpa avasthita haiM / yaha donoM bhI lagar3AkAra haiM / ina donoM meM milakara cAra pratara aura 300 vimAna haiM / ina donoM kalpoM kA bhI acyuta nAma kA eka hI indra hai / / kalpAtIta vimAna 14 haiM - 9 navagraiveyaka aura 5 anuttara vimAna / navagraiveyaka - tIna-tIna kI trika meM tIna trika hai- nicalI trika, madhyama trika aura UparI trika / bArahaveM devaloka se asaMkhyAta yojana Upara jAne para navagraiveyaka kI pahalI (sabase nIce kI) trika AtI hai / inake nAma 1. bhadra 2. subhadra 3. sujAta haiM / isa trika meM 111 vimAna haiM / yahA~ se asaMkhyAta yojana Upara dUsarI (madhyama) trika hai / isake nAma 4. sumAnasa, 5. priyadarzana, 6. sudarzana haiM. isameM 107 vimAna haiM / isase asaMkhyAta yojana Upara tIsarI (uparima) trika haiM / inake nAma 7. amogha 8. supratibuddha 9. yazodhara haiM / isa trika meM 100 vimAna haiM / ina tInoM trikoM meM 9 pratara hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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196 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 17 - 20 pAMca anuttara vimAna navagraiveyaka se asaMkhyAta yojana ( 1 rAjU ) Upara jAne para pA~ca anuttara vimAna haiM / inake nAma haiM 19 vijaya 2. vaijayanta 3. jayanta, 4. aparAjita 5. savArthasiddha / pUrva dizA meM vijaya, dakSiNa meM vaijayanta, pazcima meM jayanta aura uttara meM aparAjita tathA sabake madhya meM savArthasiddha vimAna avasthita haiM / savArthasiddha vimAna 1 lAkha yojana kA hai / ye saba milakara 84,97,023 vimAna hue / savArthasiddha vimAna se 12 yojana Upara siddhazilA hai / yaha 45 lAkha yojana lambI-caur3I, va gola, madhya meM 8 yojana aura phira patalI hotI huI donoM kinAroM para makkhI ke paMkha ke samAna patalI hai / siddhazilA se aura Upara siddha AtmA zAzvata sukha meM virAjamAna rahate haiM / siddhazilA kI paridhi 1,42,30, 249 yojana, 1 kosa, 1766, dhanuSa 5 III ( paune chaha ) aMgula hai / isakA varNa zuddha svarNa se bhI ujjvala, gokSIra, zaMkha, candra, ratna, cAMdI se bhI adhika ujjvala hai / kilviSika deva yadyapi ye deva vimAnoM ke bAhara ( bAhya bhAga meM) antyajoM ke samAna rahate haiM, kintu phira bhI inakI gaNanA vaimAnika devoM ke sAtha kI jAtI hai / isaliye inakA thoDA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / kilviSaka deva tIna prakAra ke haiM prathama prakAra ke kilviSika deva aura pahale dUsare svargaloka ke nIce rahate haiM / inakI Ayu tIna palya kI hotI hai / - dUsarI prakAra ke kilviSikaM deva pahale dUsare svarga ke Upara aura tIsare cauthe svarga ke nIce ke bhAga meM rahate haiM / inakI Ayu tIna sAgara kI hotI hai / - tIsarI prakAra ke kilviSika deva jyotiSI devo ke upara pAMcaveM svarga ke Upara aura chaThe svarga ke nIce rahate haiM / inakI Ayu 13 sAgara kI hotI hai / I - tyAgI-tapasvI hokara jo guru ke virodhI, nindaka tathA vItarAgavANI ke utthApaka hote haiM, ve jIva kilviSika deva banate haiM / devoM ke kula da 10 bhavanapati, 15 paramAdhArmika, 16 vyaMtara, 10 jRmbhaka, 10 jyotiSka (5 cara aura 5 acara), 12 kalpopapanna, 9 nava graiveyaka, 5 anuttara vimAnavAsI, 9 lokAntika aura 3 kilviSika - yaha 99 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 197 hote haiM / inake paryApta aura aparyApta bheda karane para devoM ke kula 198 bheda Agama vacana - sohammIsANesu devA kerisae kAmabhoge paccuNubhavamANA viharaMti? goyamA! iTThA sadA iTThA rUvA jAva phAsA evaM jAva gevejjA aNuttarovavAtiyA NaM aNuttarA sahA evaM jAva aNuttarA phAsA / - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti ,3 u. 2, sU. 219 - prajJApanA, pada 2, devAdhikAra ..mahiD iDhayA mahajjuiyA jAva mahANu bhAgA iD DhIe paNNatte, jAva acuo, gevejjuNuttarA yA savve mahiDDhIyA... - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti, 3 sU. 217, vaimAnikAdhikAra (saudharma tathA IzAna kalpoM meM deva kaise-kaise kAma-bhogoM ko bhogate hue vihAra karate haiM ? ... gautama ! vaha iSTa zabda, iSTa rUpa, iSTa gandha, iSTa rasa aura iSTa sparza kA graiveyaka taka tathA anuttaropaprAtika deva usase bhI utkRSTa zabda Adi ke sukha kA Ananda lete haiM / acyuta svarga taka vaha mahAnubhAga, mahAna RddhivAle, mahAna kAMti vAle hote haiM / graiveyaka aura anuttara vimAnavAsI deva unase bhI mahAna Rddhi vAle hote haiM / adhikatA aura hInatA sambandhI viSayoM kA nirUpaNa - sthitiprabhAvasukhayu tilezyAvizuddhIndriyAvadhiviSayato'dhikAH / 21 / gatizarIrapariga hAbhimAnato hInA / 22 / (kalpopapanna aura kaMlpAtIta devoM meM) sthiti, prabhAva, sukha, dyuti, lezyAvizuddhi, indriyaviSaya aura avadhijJAnaviSaya -yaha sAta bAteM uttarottara adhika hotI haiM / gati, zarIra, parigraha (aizyarya), abhimAna (apanI vibhUti kA ahaMkAra) kramazaH hIna (kama) hote haiM / vivecana - devoM kI sthiti, sukha Adi sambandhI donoM sUtra kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta devoM kI apekSA se haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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198 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 21-22 yahA~ krama nIce se Upara kI ora haiM / jaise pahale svarga meM jitanA sukha Adi haiM, dUsare svarga meM usase adhika haiM / sUkSmatA se vicAra karane para pahale svarga ke prathama pratara ke devoM ko jitanA sukha Adi haiM, usI svarga ke dUsare pratara ke devo ko usase adhika hai| varddhamAna bAteM (1) sthiti sthiti kA abhiprAya hai Ayu / isa viSaya meM vistRta varNana isI adhyAya ke sUtra 30 se 54 taka meM kiyA gayA hai / kintu yahA~ yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki eka hI vimAna ke prathama pratara se dUsare pratara vAle devoM kI Ayu apekSAkRta adhika hotI hai / yahI bAta nimna 6 viSayoM meM bhI samajha lenI cAhie, ke kramazaH uttarottara adhika hotI jAtI hai / - - (2) prabhAva aizvarya athavA vibhUti ko prabhAva kahate haiM / labdhi, Rddhi, anugraha, upagraha Adi kI sAmarthya bhI prabhAva hai / yaha uttarottara devoM meM adhika haiM / kintu kaSAya kI mandatA hone se ve inakA upayoga nahIM karate haiM / - (3) sukha indriyoM dvArA anubhava rUpa sukha (4) dyuti - zarIra, vastra AbhUSaNa Adi kI kAMti-dIpti - yaha donoM bhI adhika hote haiM / isakA kAraNa hai Upara-Upara ke svargoM meM zubha padgaloM kI prakRSTatA hotI hai / - (5) lezyA - vizuddhi uttarottara devoM kI lezyA kramazaH adhika vizuddha hotI hai / - yadyapi lezyA kA varNana sUtra 23 meM kiyA gayA hai; kintu yahA~ itanA samajha lenA cAhie ki jina devoM meM eka samAna lezyA batAI gaI haiM, unameM bhI nIce ke devoM kI apekSA Upara ke devoM ke pariNAma kama saMkliSTa hone ke kAraNa unakI lezyA apekSAkRta adhika vizuddha hotI hai / (6) indriyaviSaya (7) avadhijJAnaviSaya nIce ke devoM kI apekSA Upara ke devoM kI indriyoM kI grahaNa zakti adhika hotI hai / isI prakAra unakA avadhijJAna bhI adhika vistRta aura adhika viSayoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA tathA nirmala hotA hai / avadhijJAna viSayaka saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai pahale- dUsare kalpa ke deva Upara apane vimAna taka ko, tirachI dizA - For Personal & Private Use Only -

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Urdhva loka - devanikAya 199 meM asaMkhyAta lAkha yojana taka aura adhodizA meM ratnaprabhA pRthvI taka jAnate hai / tIsare-cauthe svarga ke deva Urdhva dizA meM apane vimAna taka, tiryak dizA meM asaMkhyAta lAkha yojana taka aura adhodizA meM zarkarAprabhA bhUmi taka dekha / jAna sakate hai / isI prakAra pA~caveM - chaThe svarga ke deva bAlukAprabhA taka, sAtaveM-AThaveM svarga ke deva paMkaprabhA paryanta, nauveM se bArahaveM svarga taka ke deva dhUmraprabhA taka, adhastana aura madhyama graiveyaka ke deva tamaHprabhA taka aura anuttara vimAnavAsI deva sampUrNa trasa nAr3I ke dekha / jAna sakate haiM / hIyamAna bAteM nimna cAra bAte aisI hai jo Upara ke devoM meM kramazaH uttarottara kama hotI jAtI hai / (1) gati gati kA artha calanA - gamana karane kI kriyA hai / Upara ke devoM meM udAsIna bhAva bar3hatA jAtA hai, ataH inakI idhara-udhara jAne meM ruci kama hotI calI jAtI hai / -- yadyapi sAnatkumAra Adi deva sAtavIM narakabhUmi taka jAne meM samartha hote haiM, kintu tIsarI narakabhUmi se Age kabhI koI deva na to gayA hI hai aura na jAyegA hI / (2) zarIra - Upara-Upara ke devoM ke zarIra kA AkAra ghaTatA calA jAtA hai / pahale- dUsare svarga ke devoM kA zarIra 7 hAtha kA, tIsare cauthe kA 6 hAtha kA, pA~cave chaThe kA 5 hAtha kA, sAtaveM, AThaveM kA 4 hAtha kA 910-1-12 veM kI tIna-tIna hAtha kA, navagraiveyakoM kA 2 hAtha kA aura 5 anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM kA zarIra mAtra 1 hAtha kA hI hotA hai / (3) parigraha Upara ke svargoM meM parigraha uttarottara kama hotA calA jAtA hai| Upara-Upara ke svargoM ke uttarottara vimAna saMkhyA bhI kama hai aura una devoM kA parivAra parigraha ( Asakti) Adi bhI alpa hotA calA gayA hai| - (4) abhimana Upara-Upara ke devoM kI yadyapi dyuti, zakti Adi adhika-adhika hai, kintu unhe apanI vibhUti, teja, labdhi Adi kA ahaMkAra kama hotA calA gayA hai / inake ahaMkAra kI nyUnatA kA kAraNa kaSAyoM kI bhAvoM kI gaMbhIratA hai mandatA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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200 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 21-22 anya jJAtavya bAteM - vaimAnika devoM sambandhI sUtrokta varddhamAna - hIyamAna bAtoM ke atirikta kucha anya sAmAnya bAteM bhI jAnane yogya hai / (1) AhAra - yaha to nizcita hai ki pratyeka saMsArI jIva AhAra letA hai, yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki usake AhAra grahaNa karane kI vidhi meM aMtara hai, sAtha hI samaya ke antarAla meM bhI antara haiM / isa niyama ke anusAra deva bhI AhAra lete haiM; lekina ve hama manuSyoM ke samAna kavalAhAra nahIM lete, cAroM ora se yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karake AhAra sambandhI AvazyakatA pUrI kara lete hai / deva AhAra kitane samaya ke bAda karate haiM yAnI eka AhAra se dUsare AhAra ke bIca meM kitanA antarAla hotA hai, isa viSaya meM nizcita niyama dasa hajAra varSa kI AyuvAle deva eka-ke dina bIca meM chor3akara, palyopama kI Ayu vAle deva dinapRthaktva (do dina se lekara 9 dina taka kA samaya ) se AhAra lete haiM / sAgaroM kI Aya vAle devoM ke liye niyama hai ki jitane sAgara kI unakI Ayu hotI hai, utane hajAra varSa bAda ve AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| jaise(33 sAgara kI Ayu vAle savArthasiddha vimAna ke deva 33 hajAra varSa bAda AhAra grahaNa karate haiM / (2) ucchvAsa - zvAsocchvAsa jIvana kA cihna hai / isake sadbhAva se hI prANI jIvita mAnA jAtA hai / sabhI prANiyoM ke samAna deva bhI zvAsocchvAsa lete haiM / inake lie sthiti yaha hai dasa hajAra varSa kI Ayu vAle deva sAta stoka meM eka ucchvAsa lete haiM aura eka palyopama kI Ayu vAle eka dina meM eka ucchvAsa / sAgaroM kI Ayu vAle devoM ke lie yaha niyama hai ki jitane sAgara kI Ayu hotI hai, utane hI pakSa (15 dina kA samaya) meM ve eka ucchvAsa lete haiM / (3) jItavyavahAra - devaloka meM devoM kI kucha zAzvata paramparAe~ haiM 1. stoka kA mAna isa prakAra hai - asaMkhya samaya=1 1 AvalikA, saMkhyAta AvalikA 1 ucchvAsa, 1 zvAsocchvAsa=1 prANa aura 7 prANa=1 stok| For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhva loka - devanikAya 201 unako jItAcAra kahA jAtA hai / ina paramparAoM kA pAlana sabhI deva svecchA tathA ha~sI-khuzI se karate haiM / tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya, virmANa kalyANaka ke samaya AnA, utsava manAnA Adi devoM kA jItAcAra hai / (4) upapAta upapAta kA artha utpanna honA hai / devoM ke janma lene ko upapAta kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ saMkSepa meM yaha jAna lenA upayogI hai ki kauna-sA jIva kisa svarga taka utpanna ho sakatA hai / samyagdRSTi nirgrantha (sAdhu) sarvArthasiddhaparyanta utpanna ho sakate hai / caudahapUrvadhara saMyamI muni pA~caveM devaloka se nIce ke svargoM meM utpanna nahIM hote, ve brahmaloka se sarvArthasiddha taka utpanna hote haiM. jainaligaM ko dhAraNa karane vAle (antaraMga se mithyAdRSTi) sAdhu marakara navagraiveyaka taka meM janma grahaNa kara sakate haiM, isase Upara nahIM / anyaliMgI mithyAdRSTi sAdhu adhika se adhika acyuta svarga taka janma le sakate haiM / (5) anubhAva ise dUsare zabdoM meM lokasthiti kahA jA sakatA / pariNamana athavA kArya vizeSa meM pravRtti ko anubhAva kahA gayA hai / sAmAnyataH yaha zaMkA kI jAtI hai ki devaloka (svarga) (aura isI prakAra naraka bhI ) ( prAcIna paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra pRthvI bhI) nirAdhAra ( AdhAra rahita) kaise TikI huI hai ? vahA~ devagaNa kaise nivAsa karate haiM, tathA vahA~ unake ratnamaya vimAna kaise Tike hue haiM ? ina samasyAoM kA zAstrIya samAdhAna yaha hai ki lokasthiti hI isa prakAra kI hai, anAdi kAla se aisA hI hai aura anantakAla taka aisA hI rahegA / ise prAkRtika niyama kaha sakate haiM / 1 isI sthiti ko zAstroM meM lokAnubhAva, lokasvabhAva, jagaddharma, anAdi pariNAma santati Adi nAmoM se kahA gayA hai / Agama vacana - - sohammIsANadevANa kati lessAo pannattAo ? goyamA ! egA teUlessA paNNattA / saNakumAra mAhiMdesu egA pahale ssA evaM baMbhaloha vi pamhA / sesesu ekkA sukkalessA aNuttarovavAtiyANaM. ekkA paramasukkalessA / vAbhigama, pratipatti 3 u. 1, sU. 214; 1 prajJApanA, pada 17, lezyAdhikAra - For Personal & Private Use Only

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202 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 23-24 (saudharma aura IzAna kalpa (ke devoM) ke kitanI lezyA hotI hai ? gautama! unake kevala eka tejolezyA hI hotI hai / sAnatkumAra aura mAhendrakalpa meM eka padmalezyA hotI hai| brahmaloka meM bhI padmalezyA hI hai / zeSa kalpoM meM kevala zuklalezyA hotI hai / anuttara vimAnavAsI (devoM meM) paramazukla lezyA hotI hai / ) kappepavaNNagA bArasavihA .. -prajJApanA, prathama pada, sU. 49 graiveyakoM se pahale ke) kalpopapanna deva bAraha prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM / ) vaimAnika devoM kI lezyA aura kalpa kA sImA nirdhAraNa - pItapadmazuklalezyA dvitrizeSeSu / 23 / prAggai veyakebhyaH kalpAH / 24 / (Adi ke) do pIta (tejo) lezyA tathA (unake Age ke) tIna meM padmalezyA aura (Age ke ) zeSa (samasta) kalpoM meM zuklalezyA (vAle deva) graiveyakoM se pahale-pahale (ke svargoM ko) kalpa kahA jAtA hai / vivecana - jaisA ki Agamokta uddharaNa se spaSTa hai - pahale-dUsare svarga ke devoM kI tejolezyA hai; tIsare, cauthe, pAMcaveM svarga ke devoM kI padmalezyA hai aura zeSa chaThe se Age ke svargoM ke devoM kI zuklezyA hai tathA anuttara vimAna vAle devoM kI parama zuklalezyA hai / vizeSa - lezyAoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana aura kalpa kA vizada vivecana isA grantha ke pichale pRSThoM meM kiyA jA cukA hai / Agama vacana - baMbhaloe kappe... logaMtiA devA paNNattA... - sthAnAMga, sthAna 8, sUtra 623 (brahmaloka kalpa ke anta meM rahane vAle lokAntika deva kahalAte hai|) sArassayamAicA vaNhIvaruNA ya gaddatoyA ya / tusiyA avvAbAhA aggicA ceva riTAe / - bhagavatI, zataka 6, u. 5; sthAnAMga sU0 684 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 203 sArasvata, Aditya, vanhi, varUNa, gardatoya, tuSita, avyAbAdha, Agneya aura riSTa yaha saba (9) lokAntika deva haiM / lokAntika deva varNana - brahmalokAlayA lokAntikAH / 25 / . sArasvatAdityavanhiaruNagardatoyatuSiyAvyAbAdhamarUto'riSTAzca / 26 / brahmaloka jina devoM kA Alaya-sthAna hai, ve lokAntika deva kahalAte haiM / lokAntika deva yaha hai - (1) sArasvata, (2) Aditya, (3) vanhi, (4) arUNa, (5) gardatoya, (6) tuSita, (7) avyAbAdha, (8) maruta aura (9) ariSTa / vivecana - prastuta sUtra 25 aura 26 meM lokAntika devoM kA AlayasthAna aura unake 9 prakAra batAye gaye haiM / yahA~ jijJAsu ke mastiSka meM eka jijJAsA uThatI hai ki jaba lokAntika deva pA~cave brahmaloka kalpa (svarga) meM hI rahate haiM to unake lie alaga se yaha sUtra kyoM race gaye ? phira devoM ke jo 198 bheda (99 paryApta aura 99 aparyApta) batAye gaye haiM, vahA~ bhI 12 kalpopanna devoM ke alAvA 9 prakAra ke lokAntika deva alaga se gine gaye haiM / to isa pRthakatA kA kyA kAraNa samAdhAna yaha hai ki pRthakatA kA kAraNa hai, lokAntika devoM kI viziSTatAe~ / pA~caveM kalpa ke Alaya meM rahate hue bhI ve brahmaloka kalpa ke anya devoM se viziSTa haiM / unakI viziSTatA do prakAra kI hai - prathama nivAsa sthAna kI aura dUsarI anubhAva kI / nivAsasthAna - madhyaloka ke asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudroM meM eka arUNavara nAma kA dvIpa hai / vahA~ se atyanta saghana andhakAra paTala nikalatA hai / vaha Upara uThatA huA pA~caveM devaloka ke nIce taka pahuMcakara ATha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA hai - cAra dizAoM aura cAra vidizAoM meM / yaha ATha bhAga kRSNarAjiyA~ kahI gaI hai / / For Personal & Private Use Only

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204 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 25-26 yaha kRSNarAjiyA~ brahmaloka kalpa ke tIsare ariSTa nAma ke pratara ke pAsa dakSiNa dizA meM trasanAr3I meM avasthita haiM / isakA saMsthAna ( Akara ) kukkuTa piMjara (murge ke piMjar3e) ke samAna hai / vahA~ nau prakAra ke lokAntika devoM ke vimAna hai / ATha vimAna ATha kRSNarAjiyoM meM aura eka unake madhya meM / ina vimAnoM ke nAma haiM - (1) arcI (2) arcimAla (3) vairocana ( 4 ) prabhaMkara (5) candrAbha (6) sUryAbha (7) zukrAbha (8) supratiSTa aura (9) rissttaabh| ina vimAnoM meM rahane vAle devoM ke kramazaH nAma haiM (1) sArasvata (2) Aditya (3) vanhi (4) varuNa ( arUNa) (5) gardatoya (6) tuSita (7) avyAbAdha (8) Agneya aura ( 9 ) ariSTa isa prakAra inakA nivAsa brahmaloka kalpa ke devoM se viziSTa hai / anubhAva viziSTatA- dUsarI viziSTatA hai anubhAva kI / yaha deva Amoda-pramoda ke lie bhI nahIM jAte' / ina devoM meM kalpa vyavasthA nahIM hai| sabhI deva svatantra haiM / yaha deva viSaya vAsanA se prAyaH mukta rahate haiM) ataH devarSi bhI kahalAte haiN| lokAntika abhidhA kA hetu loka kA eka artha janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra hai / yaha deva manuSya janma prApta kara usI bhava se mukta ho jAte haiM / ataH ina devoM kI lokAntika abhidhA sArthaka haiM / lokAntika vimAnoM meM rahane ke kAraNa bhI ye lokAntika kahe jAte haiM / Agama vacana vijaya vejayanta jayanta aparAjiya devatte ke vaiyA davviMdiyA atItA paNNattA ? 1. 2. - - sthAnAMga (u. 1) ke anusAra ye deva sirpha tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke janma, kevalajJAnotpatti prasaMga (kalyANaka) para upasthita hote haiN| - 'anusAra kalpasUtra ke 'jaba tIrthaMkara deva dIkSA lene kA vicAra karate haiM, taba ye deva apane jItAcAra ke anusAra Akara unase dharmatIrtha pravartana kA prArthanA karate haiM / dIkSA eva Antarabhave mukti gamanAditi lokAntikA: / vistAra ke lie dekheM abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa bhAga 6, pRSTha 712 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 205 goyamA ! kassai atthi kassai patthi, jassatthi, aTTha vA solasa vA iccAi | - prajJApanA, pada 15, indriya pada / (vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta aura aparAjita ke devapane meM kitanI dravyendriyAM bIta jAtI hai ? gautama! kisI ke hotI haiM aura kisI ke nahIM bhI hotIM / jinake hotI haiM unake ATha yA solaha hotI haiM / (vizeSa - eka janma kI ATha dravyendriya (sparzana, rasanA, 2 nAka, 2 kAna aura 2 AMkha) mAnI gaI haiM ata eva do janmoM kI solaha dravyendriyA huIM / ) anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM kI viziSTatA - vijayAdiSu dvicaramAH / 27 / (vijaya Adi vimAnoM ke deva do bAra manuSya janma dhAraNa karate haiN|) vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM vijaya Adi vimAnavAsI devoM kI mukti ke bAre meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai / unheM dvicarama batAyA gayA hai / isakA abhiprAya hai ki yaha deva adhika se adhika do bAra manuSya janma dhAraNa kareMge aura phira mukta ho jAyeMge / janma dhAraNa kA krama isa prakAra hai - vijaya Adi vimAnase cyavakara mAnava-paryAya dhAraNa karate haiM, vahAM tapasyA Adi karake punaH vijaya Adi vimAna meM upapAta aura phira manuSya janma dhAraNa karake tapa-saMyama sAdhanA tathA usI janma meM mukti kI prApti / . kintu yaha utkRSTa sthiti hai, arthAt ve deva adhika se adhika do bAra manuSya banegeM aura koI-koI to eka bAra manuSya bhava pAkara usI se mukta ho jAte haiM / .. yaha adhika se adhika do bAra manuSya janma kA niyama bhI vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta aura aparAjita vimAnoM ke lie hI hai, sarvArthasiddha vimAna ke lie to spaSTa niyama hai ki ye deva ekabhavAvatArI hote haiM yAnI sarvArthasiddha se cyavakara manuSya janma aura usI bhava se mukti / zeSa devoM ke lie mukti prApti kA koI spaSTa niyama nahIM hai ki ve kitane bhava meM mukti prApta kareMge / hAM, samyaktva kI apekSA itanA nizcita hai ki kSAyika samyagdRSTi tIna bhava meM mukti prApta kara letA hai tathA kSAyo For Personal & Private Use Only

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206 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 27-28 pazamika samyagdRSTi (yadi samyaktva na chUTe to) sAta-ATha bhava meM mukti prApta kara letA hai / Agama vacana - uvavAiyA maNuA (sesA) tirikkhajoNiyA - dazavaikAlika, a. 4, SaTkAyAdhikAra (aupapAtika (deva aura nAraka) tathA manuSya ke atirikta sabhI (saMsArI) jIva tiryacayaunika haiM / ) tiryacayaunika jIvoM kA lakSaNa - aupapAtikamanuSyebhyaH zeSastiryagyonaya : / 28 / __(upapAta janma vAle aura manuSyoM ke atirikta sabhI jIva tiryaMca yoni vAle haiM / vivecana - isa sUtra meM tiryacayaunika jIvoM kA lakSaNa janma kI apekSA se diyA gayA hai / kahA gayA hai ki aupapAtika (jinakA janma upapAta se ho - aise deva athavA nAraka jIva hote haiM) tathA manuSyoM (jinake manuSya Ayu aura manuSyagatinAmakarma kA udaya ho) ke atirikta sabhI jIva tiryacayaunika haiM / yahA~ yaha sAmAnya jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki devoM kA varNana karatekarate acAnaka hI aisI kyA AvazyakatA A par3I ki AcArya ne tiryaMca yoni kA lakSaNa batAne vAlA sUtra raca diyA / isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya meM loka varNana huA hai / isameM tIsare adhyAya meM adholoka meM nAraka jIvoM kA, madhyaloka meM manuSya kSetra kA - bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka devoM kA aura Urdhvaloka meM vaimAnika devoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra nAraka, manuSya aura deva- ina tIna prakAra ke jIvoM kA gatiyoM kA loka ke sandarbha meM varNana huA kintu tiryaM gati - ina tInoM gatiyoM kI apekSA adhika adhika vistRta haiM, isameM jIva rAzi bhI atyadhika haiM, vyavahAraavyavahAra jIva rAzi, nigoda Adi sabhI tiryacayaunika haiM, ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya jIvoM taka isakA vistAra hai, sUkSma-sthUla, trasabAdara Adi aneka prakAra ke jIva tiryacayaunika haiM, inameM se do indriya Adi trasa to trasa nAr3I meM hI haiM, lekani sthAvara to trasa nAr3I meM bhI haiM, For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhva loka - devanikAya 207 aura (sUkSma sthAvara jIva to sampUrNa loka meM bhare par3e haiM, isIlie yahA~ tiryacayaunika jIvoM kA yaha vizada lakSaNa isa sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai / Agama vacana asurakumArANaM bhaMte ! devANaM kevaiyaM kAlaTThii paNNattA ? goyamA ! ukkoseNaM sAiregaM sAgarovamaM ... nAgakumArANaM... ? ukkoseNaM do paliovamAiM desUNAI... / supaNakumArANaM ? ukkoseNaM do paliovamAI desUNAI / evaM eeNaM abhilAveNaM.. jAva thaNiyakumArANaM jahA NAgakumArANaM. prajJApanA, sthitipada, bhavanapatyAdhikAra (bhagavan ! asurakumAroM kI Ayu kitanI hotI hai ? gautama ! unakI Ayu adhika se adhika kucha adhika eka sAgaropama kI hotI hai / 1 nAgakumAroM kI kitanI Ayu hotI hai / adhika se adhika kucha kama do palya kI hotI hai / suparNakumAroM kI Ayu adhika se adhika kucha kama do palya kI hotI hai / isI prakAra se stanitakumAroM taka kI Ayu nAgakumAroM kI Ayu ke samAna hotI hai / bhavanavAsI devoM kI utkRSTa Ayu + sthiti : / 29 / bhavaneSu dakSiNaArdhapatInAM palyopamarthyam |30| zeSANAM pAdone | 31 / asurendrayoH sAgaropamadhakiM / 32 / Ayu kA varNana prArambha kiyA jAtA hai / - bhavanavAsI (devoM ke ) dakSiNArdha ke indroM kI Ayu 1. 1/2 ( Der3ha ) palyopama hotI hai / zeSa indroM kI Ayu (pAda + Una = caturthabhAga kama) 1 III ( paune do ) palyopama kI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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208 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 29-35 do asurendroM kI Ayu kramazaH eka sAgaropama aura eka sAgaropama se kucha adhika hotI hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra 29 meM sthiti (Ayu) batAne kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai, tathA sUtra 30,31,32 meM bhavanapati devoM (indoM) kI utkRSTa Ayu batAI gaI haiM / bhavanavAsI devoM ke asurakumAra Adi dasa bheda haiM aura pratyeka ke dakSiNArdha tathA uttarArdha ke do-do indra hai / / inameM se dakSiNArddha ke asurendra camarendra kI Ayu eka sAgaropama hai aura uttarArdha ke asurendra balIndra kI Ayu eka sAgaropama se kucha adhika batAI gaI hai / . zeSa nAgakumAra Adi nau prakAra ke bhavanavAsI devoM ke dakSiNArdha ke indroM kI Ayu 1 // (DeDha) palyopama aura uttarArdha ke indroM kI Ayu 1 // (paune do) palyopama kahI gaI hai / vizeSa - inakI jaghanya Ayu isI adhyayana ke sUtra 45 meM batAI gaI hai / Agama vacana do ceva sAgarAiM, ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / sohammammi jahanneNaM egaM ca paliovamaM / 220 / ajahannamaNukkosA, tettIsaM sAgarovamA / mahAvimANa savvaTThe ThiI esA viyAhiyA / 244 / uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 36 (saudharmakalpa meM jaghanya Ayu eka palya tathA utkRSTa Ayu 2 sAgara kI hai / IzAnakalpa meM jaghanya Ayu eka palya se kucha adhika aura utkRSTa Ayu do sAgara se kucha adhika hai / sarvArthasiddha nAmaka mahAvimAna ke devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya Ayu 33 sAgara kI hotI hai / isa prakAra vaimAnika devoM kI Ayu (sthiti) kA varNana kiyA gayA / ) vaimAnika devoM kI Ayu saudharmAdiSu yathAkramam / 33 / sAgaropame / 34 / adhikeca / 35 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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sapta sAnatkumAre / 36 / vizeSatrisaptadazaikAdazatrayodazapaMcadazabhiradhikAni tu / 37 / AraNAcyutAdUrdhvamekai kena navasu graiveyakeSu vijayAdiSu sarvArthasiddhe ca / 38 / aparA palyopamadhikaM ca sAgaropame |40| adhikeca / 41 / Urdhvaloka - devanikAya 209 / / 39 / parata : parataH pUrvA pUrvA'nantarA / 42 / (saudharma Adi devalokoM (ke devoM) kI Ayu kramazaH batAI jAtI hai| (1) saudharma (svarga) meM do sAgaropama kI Ayusthiti hai / (2) aizAna meM do sAgaropama se kucha adhika (devoM kI) Ayu hai| (3) sAnatkumAra (svarga) ke (devoM) kI Ayu sAta sAgaropama hai / (4) mAhendra (svarga) se AraNa - acyuta (svarga) taka kramazaH kucha adhika sAta sAgaroMpama / (5) tIna, adhika sAta sAgaropama (3+7= 10 sAgara ) (6) sAta, adhika sAta sAgaropama ( 7+7=14 sAgara) (7) dasa, adhika sAta sAgaropama (10+7 =17 sAgara) (8) gyAraha, adhika sAta sAgaropama ( 11+7=18 sAgara) (9-10) teraha adhika sAta sAgaropama ( 13+7=20 sAgara) (11-12) pandraha, adhika sAta sAgaropama (15+7=22 sAgara) (devoM kI) Ayu hai|" AraNa- acyuta (svarga) se Upara naugraiveyaka, cAra vijaya Adi (anuttara vimAna) aura sarvArthasiddha ( mahAvimAna) ke devoM kI Ayu anukrama se eka-eka sAgaropama adhika kahI gaI hai / jaghanya (aparA kA vAcyArtha ) Ayu palyopama aura kucha adhika palyopama hai / do sAgaropama kI Ayu hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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210 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 33-42 kucha adhika (sAdhika) do sAgaropama kI Ayu hai / . pahale-pahale (svarga evaM vimAnoM) kI utkRSTa Ayu Age-Age (svarga aura vimAnoM) kI jaghanya Ayu sthiti haiM / ) vivecana - sabhI (bAraha) kalpoM aura 9 graiveyaka tathA 5 anuttara vimAnoM ke devoM kI jo utkRSTa aura jaghanya Ayu Agamokta uddharaNa meM batAI gaI hai, vahI ina sUtroM meM varNita hai / sUtrakAra ne sUtra 33 se 38 taka utkRSTa Ayu sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai aura 39 se 42 taka meM jaghanya Ayu sthiti kA / sUtra 37 meM sUtrakAra ne lAghava kI dRSTi se 7 sAgaropama ko AdhAra mAnakara Age ke devoM kI Ayu sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai / . sAta sAgaropama kI (utkRSTa) Ayu sAnatkumAra svarga ke devoM kI hotI hai| unameM vizeSa (kucha) jor3akara sAdhika sAta sAgaropama kI Ayu mAhendra devaloka ke devoM kI hotI hai| sAta sAgaropama meM tIna sAgaropama milAkara dasa sAgaropama kI utkRSTa Ayu brahmaloka ke devoM kI hotI hai| isI prakAra Age bhI samajha lenA cAhie / yaha sUtrakAra kA sUtraracanA kauzala hai / Agamokta uddharaNa meM saba devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya Ayu sarala evaM spaSTa zabdoM meM batA dI gaI hai / Agama vacana - sAgarovamamegaM tu, ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / paDhamAe jahanneNaM, dasavAsasahassiyA / 160 / tiNNeva sAgarA u. ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / doccAe jahanneNaM, egaM tu sAgarovamaM / 161 / ___-uttarA 36/160/-61 evaM jA jA puvvassa ukkosaThii atthi tA tA parao parao jahaNNaThiI Ne avvA / (prathama narakabhUmi (ke nArakiyoM) kI jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSa aura utkRSTa Ayu eka sAgara kI hotI hai| dUsare naraka (ke nArakiyoM)kI jaghanya Ayu eka sAgara aura utkRSTa Ayu tIna sAgara hai / isI prakAra pUrva-pUrva ke narakoM (ke nArikayoM) kI jo utkRSTa For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka - devanikAya 211 sthiti-Ayu hai vaha Age-Age ke narakoM (ke nArakiyoM) kI jaghanya Ayu hai | ) bhojjANaM jahaNNANaM dasavAsasahassiyA / -uttarA0 36/17 ( bhavanavAsI devoM kI jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSa hotI hai / ) vANamaMtarANa bhaMte ! devANaM kevaiyaM kAlaThiI paNNattA ? goyamA ! jahanneNaM dasavAsasahassAiM ukkoseNa paliovamaM / prajJApanA, sthiti pada (bhagavana ! vyantara devoM kI Ayu kitanI hotI hai ? ) gautama ! jaghanya dasa hajAra varSa aura utkRSTa eka palya hotI hai| ) nArakoM tathA bhavanavAsI aura vyantara devoM kI Ayu nArakANAM ca dvitIyAdiSu / 43 / dazavarSasahastrANi prathamAyAm / 44 / bhavaneSu ca / 45 / vyantarANAM ca / 46 / parA palyopamam / 47 / dUsarI Adi narakabhUmiyoM meM (nArakoM kI) Ayu isI prakAra ('ca' zabda se dyotita ) hai / (arthAt jisa prakAra sUtra 42 meM vaimAnika devoM ke bAre meM kahI gaI hai ki pUrva-pUrva ke devoM kI utkRSTa sthiti hI Age-Age ke devoM kI jaghanya sthiti hai / ) hI hai / prathama narakabhUmi meM nArakiyoM kI jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSa hai| aura bhavanavAsI devoM kI jaghanya Ayu bhI itanI (dasa hajAra varSa) tathA vyaMtara devoM kI bhI jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSa hI kahI gaI hai / ( vyantara devoM kI ) utkRSTa Ayu eka palyopama hai / vivecana nikAya ke devoM kI jaghanya Ayu batAI gaI hai / - prastuta sUtroM meM nArakI jIvoM, bhavanavAsI devoM tathA vyaMtara nArakI jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu adhyAya 3 sUtra 6 me batAI jA For Personal & Private Use Only

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212 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 43-47 cukI hai / ataH yahA~ punarAvRtti nahIM kI gaI hai| yahA~ to pahalI narakabhUmi ke nArakiyoM kI jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSa batAkara yaha sUcana kara diyA gayA hai ki dUsare, tIsare, cauthe, pA~caveM aura chaThe naraka ke nArakiyoM kI jo utkRSTa Ayu hai, vahI kramazaH tIsare, cauthe, pA~cave, chaThaveM aura sAtaveM naraka kI jaghanya Ayu hai / isI prakAra bhavanavAsI devoM kI utkRSTa Ayu sthiti isI adhyAya ke sUtra 30,31,32 meM batAI gaI jA cukI hai / prastuta sUtra 45 meM to unakI jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSa kI hotI hai - yaha sUcana kiyA gayA hai / kintu sUtra 46 meM vyaMtara devoM kI jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSa hotI hai yaha batAkara utkRSTa Ayu eka palyopama pramANa hai, yaha bhI batA diyA gayA hai / yAnI ina donoM sUtroM meM vyaMtara devoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa donoM prakAra kI Ayu sthiti batA dI gaI hai / Agama vacana joIsiyANaM bhaMte! devANaM ?.... jahaNNeNaM paliovam aTTha bhAgo, ukkoseNaM paliovamaM vAsa stshssmbbhhiyN| - prajJApanA, sthiti pada sU. 395 (jyotiSka devoM kI Ayu jaghanya sthiti palyopama kA AThavA~ bhAga hai aura utkRSTa sthiti eka lAkha varSa adhika eka palyopama hai / ) gaha vimANe devANaM pucchA - goyamA ! jahaNNeNaM caubhAga paliovamaM, ukkAseNaM pliovmN| . - prajJApanA, sthiti pada, sU. 401 (bhagavan ! graha vimAna meM devoM kI sthiti kitanI hai ? jaghanya caturthabhAga 1/4 palyopama aura utkRSTa eka plyopm|) NakkhattavimANe devANaM pucchA / goyamA ! jahaNNaM caubhAga paliovaM ukkoseNaM addhapaliovamaM / (bhagavan ! nakSatra vimAna meM devoM kI sthiti kitanI hotI hai ? gautama ! jaghanya caturthabhAga 1/4 palyopama aura utkRSTa 1/2 AdhA palyopama / ) tArA vimANe devANaM pucchA / goyamA ! jahaNNeNaM aTThabhAgapaliovamaM aMtomuhUttUNaM, ukkoseNaM. caUbhAga paliovamaM aMtomuhUtUNaM / - prajJApanA, sthiti pada, sUtra 405 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 213 (bhagavan ! tArA vimAnoM ke devoM kI sthiti kitanI hai ? gautama ! jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta kama palyopama kA AThavA~ bhAga hai aura utkRSTa sthiti antarmuhUrta kama palyopama kA caturthabhAga (1/4) bhAga hai|) jyotiSka devoM kI Ayu (sthiti) jyotiSkANAmadhakim / 48 / grahANAmekam / 49 / nakSatrANAmardham / 50 / tArakANAM caturbhAgaH 51 / jadhanyAtvaSTabhAgaH / 52 / . caturbhAgaH zeSANAM / 53 / jyotiSka deva (sUrya-candra) kI utkRSTa Ayu kucha adhika eka palyopama grahoM (ke devoM) kI utkRSTa Ayu eka palyopama hotI hai / nakSatroM (ke devoM) kI utkRSTa Ayu AdhA (1/2) palyopama hai| tAroM (ke devoM) kI utkRSTa Ayu cauthAI (1/4) palyopama hai / . jaghanya sthiti (sUrya candra kI ) palyopama kA AThavA~ bhAga (1/8) _ tAroM ko chor3akara zeSa jyotiSka nikAya ke devoM (grahoM aura nakSatroM) kI jaghanya Ayu palyopama kA cauthAI bhAga hai / vivecana - Agamokta uddharaNa meM jo jyotiSka devoM kI sthiti palyopama se eka lAkha varSa adhika batAI hai tathA sUtra meM sAdhika (kucha adhika) palyopama kahI hai, usakA spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai - candramA kI sthiti eka lAkha varSa adhika aura sUrya kI eka hajAra varSa adhika hotI hai| jyotiSka deviyoM kI sthiti utkRSTa AdhA palya aura aura jaghanya pacAsa hajAra varSa hotI hai / prajJApanA vRtti patrAkaM 175 meM yaha ullekha prApta hotA haicandra vimAna meM candramA utpanna hotA hai, isalie vaha candravimAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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214 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4: sUtra 48-53 kahalAtA hai / candravimAna meM candramA ke atirikta sabhI usake parivArabhUta deva hote haiM / una parivArabhUta devoM kI jadhanyasthiti yatyodaya kA caturtha bhAga aura utkRSTa kinhI indra, sAmAnika Adi kI lAkha varSa adhika eka palyopama ha / candradeva kI utkRSTa sthiti to mUla pATha meM eka lAkha varSa adhika eka palyopama batAI gaI hai hI / isI prakAra sUryAdi ke vimAnoM ke sambandha meM bhI samajha lenA cAhie / vizeSa digambara Amnaya ke pATha meM lokAntika devoM kI sthiti ke viSaya meM alaga se yaha sUtra laukAntikAnAmaSTau sAgaropamANi sarveSA racakara unakI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti ATha sAgaropama kI batAI gaI ha / - digambara AmnAya kA yaha sUtra sthAnAMga sthAna 8, sU. 623 aura vyAkhyAprajJapti za. 6, u 5 ke nimna pATha kA anusaraNa karatA hai logaMtikadevANaM jahaNNamaNuvakoseNaM aTThasAgarovamAI ThitI paNNattA / (lokAntika devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya Ayu ATha sAMgaropama hai / ) vizeSa zabdoM kA spaSTIkaraNa prastuta grantha ke tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya meM kucha vizeSa zabdoM kA ullekha huA hai / inameM se pramukha haiM- yojana, rajju aura palyopama, sAgaropamaH inameM se yojana aura rajju kSetra mApa se sambandhita hai tathA palyopama aura sAgaropama kAla mApa se / rajju kA ullekha loka kI lambAI, caur3AI, moTAi Adi meM tathA yojana kA ullekha madhyaloka, dvIpa - samudra, ghanavAta Adi, narakoM ke prastaToM, AMtaroM tathA eka naraka se dUsarI naraka kI dUrI, isI prakAra svargoM kI parAsparika dUrI Adi batAne ke lie huA hai / palyopama aura sAgaropama dvArA manuSya tiryaMca, deva aura nArakiyoM kI kAlasthita (Ayu) batAI gaI hai / kAla ke do bheda hai (1) gaNanAkAla aura (2) upamAkAla / jahA~ taka saMkhyAoM meM ginatI kI jA sake, vaha gaNanA kAla kahalAtA hai aura jahA~ gaNanA sambhava na ho usa kAla kA nirdeza upamA kAla se kiyA gayA hai / - palyopama aura sAgaropama upamA kAla ke bheda haiM / isIlie inake nAma ke sAtha upamA zabda lagA hai- yathA- palya + upama= palyopama aura sAgara+upama=sAgaropama (sAgara ke barAbara) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 215 palyopama aura sAgaropama kA pramANa bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 6, uddezaka 7, sUtra 6-8 meM batAyA gayA hai / usake AdhAra para yahA~ paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / palyopama kA mApaparamANu' = pudgala kA atyanta sUkSmAtisUkSma ___ avibhAgI aMza ananta sUkSma paramANu ____ = eka vyavahAra paramANu ananta vyavahAra paramANu ____ = utzlakSNazlakSNikA 8 utzlakSNazlakSiNakA ___ = 1zlakSNazlakSiNakA 8 zlakSNazlakSNikA ___ = 1 UrdhvareNu 8 UrdhvareNa ___= 1 trasareNu 8 trasareNu ___ = 1 rathareNu 8 rathareNu ____ = uttarakurU-devakuru ke manuSyoM kA 1 bAlAgra devakuru-uttarakuru ke manuSyoM kA 8 bAlAgra J= harivarSa ramyakavarSa ke manuSyoM 1 bAlAgra harivarSa-ramyakvarSa ke manuSyoM kA 8 bAlAgra ) haimavata-hairaNyavata ke manuSyoM kA 1 bAlAgra haimavata hairaNyavata ke 1 = pUrva-pazcima mahAvideha ke manuSyoM kA bAlAgra manuSyoM kA.8 bAlAgra / pUrva pazcima mahAvideha ke . = bharata-airavata varSa ke manuSyoM kA 1 bAlAgra . manuSyoM kA 8 bAlAgra / bharata-airavata ke manuSyoM kA 8 bAlAgra J / = 2 likSA (lIkha) la 1. atyanta tIkSNa zastra se bhI jisakA chedana-bhedana na ho sake, aise atyanta sUkSmAtisUkSma pudgalaparamANu ko jainadarzana meM sabhI pramANoM kA Adi pramANa mAnA gayA hai / yaha bhI atyanta tIvra zastroM, taraMgoM, kiraNoM Adi se nahI chedA jA sakatA / 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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216 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 48-53 8 likSA = 1yUkA 8 yUkA = 1 yavamadhya 8 yavamadhya ___ = 1 aMgula (utsedhAMgula) isa aMgula pramANa se - 6 aMgula ___= 1pAda 2 pAda yA 12 aMgula = 1 veMta (vitazti) 2 veMta yA 24 aMgula = 1 hAtha (ratni) 2 hAtha yA 48 aMgula = 1 kukSi 2 kukSi yA 96 aMgula = 1 daNDa (dhanuSya, yUpa, nAlikA, akSa, mUsala) 2000 dhanuSya (daNDa) = 1 gAU (gavyUti) 4 gAU (gavyUti) = 1 yojana (utsedha yojana) isa yojana pramANa se eka yojana lambA, caur3A, gaharA vRttAkAra (jisakI paridhi 3 yojana se kucha adhika hogI) (palyA) gaDDhA khodA jAya use do dina, tIna dina, utkRSTa sAta dina ke uge hue kroDoM bAlAgoM ke asaMkhya choTechoTe khaNDa karake ThasAThasa aisA bharA jAya jisase ve bAlAgra na agni se jale, nA vAyu se ur3eM, na pAnI se galeM, na sar3eM, na naSTa hoM / usa gaDDhe (palya) meM se sau-sau- varSa bAda eka bAlAgra nikAlA jaay| isa prakAra karate-karate jaba vaha palya (gaDDhA) khAlI ho jAya, usameM eka bhI bAlAgra na rahe to jitane samaya meM vaha palya khAlI ho, utane samaya ko eka sUkSma addhA palyopama' kahA gayA hai / sAgara kA pramANa uparokta pramANa vAle dasa kror3A-kror3I (karor3a x karor3a) palyopama pramANa kAla ko eka sUkSma addhA sAgaropama batAyA gayA hai / 1. palya aura sAgara kI gaNanA Adhunika yuga meM pracalita gaNita paripATI ke anusAra bhI karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isakA vistRta vivaraNa "vizva prahelikA grantha' meM prApta hai / saMkSipta sAra (gaNitAnuyoga, prastAvanA- pro. ela. sI. jaina, pRSTha 64 ke anusAra) yahAM diyA jA rahA hai -- For Personal & Private Use Only

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Urdhvaloka-devanikAya 217 yojana kA pramANa uparokta tAlikA meM jo yojana kA pramANa diyA gayA hai, vaha utsedhAMgula ke anusAra hai / kintu zAzvata vastuoM; jaise naraka-pRthvI ke kAMDoM, devavimAnoM, loka kI, madhya loka kI lambAI-caur3AI Adi kA mApa pramANAMgula se kiyA jAtA hai / yaha pramANAMgula kA mApa isa prakAra nikAlA jAtA hai 1000 utsedhAMgula= 1 pramANAMgula / isakA sIdhA sA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pramANa yojana, utsedhayojana kA hajAra gunA hotA hai - 1 pramANa yojana =1000 utsedha yojana utsedha yojana kA mApa Adhunika gaNita praNAlI 100/11 athavA 9, 1/11 mIla hotA hai aura isa gaNita ke anusAra pramANa yojana kA mApa 9090.9 mIla hotA hai / rajju kA. mApa rajju kA mApa kitanA hai, yAnI eka rajju kitanA lambA hai, isake lie AgamoM meM asaMkhyAta koTA-koTI yojana zabda AyA hai yAnI asaMkhyAta koTA-koTI(karor3axkaror3a) yojana (pramANa yojana) vistRta eka rajju hotA hai| rajju ke mAna ke viSaya meM jainatatvaprakAza (sva. pUjya amolaka RSijI ma. dvArA likhita) meM eka dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai - palyA tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) vyavahArapalya, (2) uddhArapalya, (3) addhApalya / * vyavahAra palya - 4.13 x (10)46 varSa / ise avibhAgI samayoM meM badalA jA sakatA hai / / uddhArapalya - 4.13 x (10)44 x jaghanyayukta asaMkhyAta x 107 varSa / yahA~ jaghanyayukta asaMkhyAta kA mAna gaNanA vidhi se prApta ho jAtA addhApalya - 4.13 x (10)44 x (jaghanyayukta asaMkhyAta) vrss| yahA~ ajJAta madhyama saMkhyAta kI anibhRtatA ko chor3akara ina sabhI ko samaya rAzi meM badalA jA sakatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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218 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 4 : sUtra 48-53 jaba uparokta ko (10) 14 se guNita kiyA jAtA hai to saMvAdI sAgara kA mAna prApta ho jAtA hai / 3 karor3a, 81 lAkha, 27 hajAra 970 mana vajana kA eka bhAra hotA hai / aise 1000 bhAra arthAt 38 araba, 12 karor3a, 79 lAkha, 70 hajAra mana vajana kA lohe kA golA 6 mAsa, 6 dina, 6 prahara aura 6 ghar3I meM jitanI dUrI taya kare, utanI lambI dUra eka rajju kI hotI hai| aise 14 rajju pramANa yaha loka Upara se nIce paryanta hai / isa kathana ko AdhAra mAnakara vaijJAnikoM ne rajju kA pramANa nikAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / vaijJAnika mAnyatA hai ki lohe ke gole kI Upara se nIce kI ora gati 78552 mIla prati ghaNTA hai / tathA 6 mAsa, 6 ghaNTe, 6 dina, 6 prahara aura 6 ghar3I ke 4484 ghaNTe aura 24 minaTa hote haiM / itane samaya meM vaha lohe kA golA 35 karoDa, 22 lAkha 58 hajAra 589 mIla kI dUra taya kara legA aura yaha eka rajju kA pramANa hogA / isI prakAra ke dUsare dRSTAnta ( jisameM 6 deva tathA balipiNDa lie chaha deviyA~ batAI gaI haiM) ke AdhAra para vAma glAsa neppina ne apanI pustaka Dera jainismasa meM rajju kA pramANa 1.308 (10) 21 nikAlA hai, jo eka deva 2057152 yojana pratikSaNa calate hue chaha mahine meM taya karatA hai / ina donoM hI dRSTAntoM se loka ke asIma vistAra kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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pAMcavAM adhyAya ajIva tattva varNana [NON-LIVING ELEMENT (SUBSTANCE) ] upodghAta prathama adhyAya ke sUtra 4 meM sAta tattva batAye haiM / inameM se prathama tattva hai jIva / jIva kA varNana dUsare, tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya meM haA h| ina adhyAyoM meM jIva ke bhAva, cAroM gatiyA~ Adi sabhI bAtoM kA sarvAMgapUrNa vivecana ho cukA hai / aba krama prApta tattva haiM ajIva / prastuta adhyAya meM ajIva tatva kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai / ajIva kA artha hai jisameM jIva na ho / jIva kA lakSaNa hai cetanA upayoga / isa apekSA se ajIva kA lakSaNa batAyA jA sakatA hai - upayoga rahitatA / jisameM upayoga (jJAna-darzana) naho, vaha ajIva hai / yAnI acetana dravya, jisameM cetanA kA sadbhAva na ho / Agama vacana - cattAri atthikAyA ajIvakAyA paNNattA, taM jahAdhammatthikAe, adhammatthikAe, AgAsatthikAe, poggltthikaae| - sthAnAMga, sthAna 4, udde. 1 sU. 251 - bhagavatI zakata 7, udde. 18, sU. 305 (cAra ajIva astikAya hai - (1) dharmAstikAya (2) adharmAstikAya (3) AkAzAstikAya (4) pudgalAstikAya / ajIvakAya ke bheda - ajIvakAyA dharmA'dharmAkAzapudgalAH / 1 / ajIvakAya ke cAra bheda haiM - (1) dharmAstikAya (2) ardhAstikAya (3) AkAzAstikAya aura (4) pudagalAsthitakAya / For Personal & Private Use Only

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220 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 1 vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM ajIvakAya ke cAra bheda batAye gaye haiM / ajIvakAya kA abhiprAya - ajIva aura ajIvakAyaM ke abhiprAya meM antara haiM / isameM kAya zabda vizeSa haiM / kAyazabda kI nirukti isa prakAra hai - cIyate iti kAya : | isa nirukti ke anusAra kAya se zarIrAvayavI kA grahaNa hotA hai / kAya kA artha hai - bahuta se pradeza / yAnI jina dravyoM meM bahuta se pradeza hoM, ve astikAya kahalAte haiM / . yahAM 'asti' zabda kriyA nahIM; 'avyava' haiM / isakA abhiprAya haiM sattA yA sadbhAvatva / astikAya kA artha hai ve dravya jo astittvavAna hai aura sAtha hI bahupradezI bhI haiM / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudagala aise hI dravya haiM, jo astikAya bhI yadyapi ajIva dravya pAMca hai- dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudagala aura kaal| kintu kAla bahupradezI nahIM, eka pradezI hai / kAlANu ratnarAzi ke samAna bikhare -alaga alaga rahate haiM; isIlie kAla ko astikAya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki sUtrakAra ne cAra ajIvakAya hI ginAye hai / dharma kA abhiprAya - prastuta saMdarbha meM dharmAstikAya kA vizeSa artha hai / yaha vaha dharma nahIM hai, jise hama pratidina dharma saMjJA se abhihita karate haiM / yaha na zrutadharma hai, na cAritradharma / dharma kA abhiprAya hai - jIva aura pudgala ko gamana meM sahAyatA dene vAlA dravya (fulcrum of motion) | yaha udAsIna sahAyaka hai, jIva aura pudagala ko gati karane ke lie prerita nahIM karatA / yahI usI taraha hai jaise machalI ke lie jala / jala machalI ko calane ke lie prerita nahIM karatA; lekina yadi machalI gamana karanA cAhatI hai to yaha sahAyaka avazya hotA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI tathya hai ki dharmadravya kI sahAyatA ke abhAva meM jIva aura pudgala bhI gati nahIM kara sakate / ise aMgrejI meM (Ether) nAma se kahA gayA hai / vaijJAnika (Ether) kI sattA svIkAra karate haiM / unakA mAnanA hai ki binA isa dravya (Ether) kI sahAyatA ke na taraMgeM cala sakatI haiM, na dhvani ke paramANu gamana kara sakate haiM aura na vidyuta taraMgeM, na laisara kiraNeM Adi gati (movement) kara For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 221 sakatI haiM / isa tattva (Element) ke abhAva meM mAnava, pazu, pakSI, Adi sabhI kI kriyAe ruka jAe~gI, saMsAra jar3avat sthira raha jAyegA / ataH saMsAra meM jIva evaM pudagla gati kA parama sahAyaka tattva 'dharmAstikAya' mAnA gayA hai / ardhAi adharmAstikAya kA kArya dharmAstikAya se viparIta hai / yaha jIva pudgala ko Thaharane meM sahAyatA detA hai / ise fulcrum of rest kahA jAtA hai / yadi adharmAstikAya na ho to eka bAra gati meM AI vastu kabhI rukegI nahIM, sadA calatI rahegI / adharmAstikAya bhI Thaharane kA udAsIna hetu hai, ThIka vRkSa kI chAyA kI taraha / vRkSa pathika ko Thaharane ke lie prerita nahIM karatA / kintu yadi pathika vizrAnti lenA cAhe to chAyA usakI sahAyaka hotI hai / AkAzAstikAya yaha sabhI dravyoM kA avakAza (sthAna - Azraya) detA hai / ise aMgrejI meM space kahA jAtA hai / pudgalAsta yaha rUpa-rasa-gandha-varNa vAlA dravya hai / isakA svabhAva hI pUraNagalana ( milanA - bichur3anA) hai / ise aMgrejI meM matter zabda se kahA gayA hai / Agama vacana prastuta cAra astikAyoM meM se bhArata ke anya darzanoM ne dharma aura adharma ko svIkAra nahI kiyAM / vaijJAnikoM ne dharmAstikAya ko Ether ke nAma se svIkAra kara liyA hai / vaise isa rUpa meM dharma-adharma kI svIkAryatA jaina darzana kI maulika vizeSatA hai / ya / - dravya / - kaivihANaM bhaMte ! davvA paNNattA ? goyamA ! duvihA paNNattA, taM jahA- jIvadavvA ya ajIvadavvA anuyagodvAra, sUtra 141 ( bhagavan ! dravya kitane prakAra ke hote haiM ? gautama ! dravya do prakAra ke hote haiM - bhavissai / - paMcatthikAeM na kayAvi nAsI, na kayAi natthi, na kayAi (1) jIva dravya (2) ajIva For Personal & Private Use Only

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222 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 2-3-4 bhuviM ca bhuvai a bhavissai a| dhuve niyae sAsae akkhae, avvae avaTThie nicce, arUvI / - nandI sUtra, sUtra 58 yaha asaMbhava hai ki pA~ca astikAya kisI samaya meM na the, yA nahIM hote yA bhaviSya meM na hoMge / yaha sadA the, sadA rahate haiM aura sadA raheMge / yaha dhruva, nizcata, sadA rahane vAle, kama na hone vAle, naSTa na hone vAle, eka se rahane vAle, nitya aura arUpI haiN|) mUla dravya aura inakA samanvita lakSaNa - dravyANi jIvAzca / 2 / nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi / 3 / (sUtra 1 meM kahe hue dharmAdi cAra astikAya) aura jIva (yaha pA~coM) dravya haiM / (sUtra 1-2 meM kahe hue pA~co dravya) nitya haiM, avasthita haiM aura arUpI vivecana - dravya kA lakSaNa to Age isI adhyAya ke sUtra 29 tathA 37 ke antargata diyA gayA hai, kintu yahA~ sirpha itanA kI kahA gayA hai, jo ajIvakAya. ke antargata cAra astikAya ginAye gaye haiM- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya -yaha cAroM tathA jIva- jIvAstikAya-yaha pA~coM dravya haiM / sAtha hI nitya haiM - sadA rahane vAle haiM / kabhI naSTa nahIM hote aura avasthita rahate haiM, inameM nyUnAdhikatA nahIM hotI hai / bhUta-bhaviSya aura vartamAna- tInoM kAloM meM inakI sattA rahatI hai| Agama vacana - poggalatthikAyaM rUvikAyaM / - bhagavatI za. 7, udde. 10 (pudgalAstikAya rUpI hai / ) pudgala kA rUpitva - rUpiNa : pudagalA : / 4 / pudgala rUpI hai / vivecana - 'rUpI' zabda kA vistRta artha isI adhyAya ke sUtra 23 meM batAyA gayA hai / vaise rUpI kA artha hotA hai- mUrta / mUrta vaha hai jisameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa hoM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 223 lekina rUpI athavAmUrtika kA artha carmacakSuoM se dRzyamAna- dikhAI dene yogya mAnanA saMgata nahIM haiM; kyoMki pudgalaparamANu itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki carmacakSuoM se dRSTigocara ho hI nahIM sakatA / sUkSma pudgala paramANu to bahuta dUra, anantAnanta sUkSma paramANuoM ke mela se banA vyavahAra paramANu bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / ' chadmastha manuSya cAhe jitane zaktizAlI dUravIkSaNa aura anuvIkSaNa yantroM kI sahAyatA se dekhane kA prayAsa kare kintu paramANu ( yahA~ taka ki vyavahAra paramANu) ko bhI dRSTigocara karanA usakI sImA se pare haiM / usake jJAna kA itanA tIvra kSayopazama hI nahIM hotA / I yaha to sirpha kevalajJAnagamya hai / kevalI bhagavAna hI use (paramANu ko) pratyakSa deva aura jAna sakate haiM / ataH rUpI kA itanA hI Azaya samajhanA cAhie / jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza ho - vaha rUpI hai, mUrtika hai / Agama vacana dhammo adhammo AgAsaM davvaM ikvikvakamAhiyaM / aNaMtANica ya davvANi kAlo puggalajaMtavo // - uttarA 28/8 (dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya eka-eka hai / * pudagala, kAla aura jIva ananta hote haiM / ) dravyoM kI vizeSatA - * A AkAzAdekadravyANi / 5 / niSkriyANi / 6 / ( uparokta sUtra 1 meM kahe gaye haiM dravyoM meM se ) AkAza taka ke dravya eka-eka haiM / yaha dravya niSkriya hai / paramANu do prakAra ke hai- sUkSma aura vyavahAra / sUkSma paramANu to avyAkhyeya hai| vyavahAra paramANu jo anantAnanta sUkSma paramANu pudgaloM kA samudAya hai, vaha bhI zastra, agni, jala Adi se apratihata rahatA ha / * dekheM anuyogadvAra sUtra 330-346 gaNitAnuyago pR. 756-57 -- For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 5-6 vivecana sUtra 1 meM jo cAra ajIvakAya- astikAya batAye haiM, inameM se AkAza taka ke astikAya eka - eka dravya haiM / arthAt dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya yaha tInoM eka-eka dravya haiM / sAtha hI yaha tInoM niSkriya bhI haiM / - -- isase yaha spaSTa hI jJAta ho jAtA hai ki pudgala, jIva - ye donoM astikAya - ananta hai aura kriyAvAna hai tathA kAla dravya bhI ananta hai yaha bAta uddhRta uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI gAthA meM kahIM gaI hai / eka - eka dravya kA abhiprAya eka dravya kA abhiprAya hai akhaNDatA, avibhAjyatA tathA samagratA / yAni dharma, adharma aura AkAza yaha tInoM dravya kA akhaNDa haiM, eka haiM, avibhAjya aura samagra haiM / inheM avibhAgI samagra (Indivisible whole) kahA jA sakatA hai / yahI eka - eka dravya kahane kA sUtrakAra kA Azaya hai / niSkriyatA kA spaSTIkaraNa ina tInoM (dharma, adharma aura AkAza) ko niSkriya kahA gayA hai| niSkriyatA yahA~ se pariNamanazUnyatA nahIM samajhanI cAhie, pariNamana to pratyeka dravya kA svabhAva hai, pariNamana ke abhAva meM dravya kA astitva hI sambhava nahIM hai / - - yahA~ niSkriyatA kA artha hai gatizUnyatA, gati kA abhAva yAni yaha dravya eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko nahIM jAte / jahA~ hai, vahIM sthira haiM, avasthita haiM, nizcala haiM / dharma aura adharma dravya (astikAya - pradezoM kA samuccaya) kA eka pramukha kArya yaha hai ki yaha donoM loka- aloka kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa karate haiM / ananta AkAza meM jahA~ taka dharma aura adharma haiM vahA~ taka loka hai aura usase Age aloka hai| yadi yaha nizcala na hoM to loka- aloka kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa kaise kara sakate haiM ? sImA rekhA (Boundry line) to nizcala hI hotI hai| pariNamanakriyA aura gatikriyA kA antara eka sthUla udAharaNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai / jaise ApakA dila hai, vaha dhar3akatA hai / yaha dila kI dhar3akana (Heart-beating) pariNamana kahI jA sakatI hai aura rakta jo dhamaniyoM meM bahatA hai, daurA karatA hai, pUre zarIra meM cakkara lagAtA hai, yaha usakI gatikriyA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAne kI kriyA hai, zarIra ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM daur3a lagAne kI kriyA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 225 Agama vacana - cattAri paesaggeNa tullA asaMkhejjA paNNattA, taM jahAdhammatthikAe, adhammatthikAe, logAgAse, egajIve - sthAnAMga, sthAna, 4 uddezaka 3, sUtra 334 - (pradezoM kI saMkhyA kI apekSA se cAra ke barAbara-barAbara asaMkhyAta pradeza hote haiM, yathA-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, lokAkAza aura eka jIva ke / ) AgAsatthikAe paesaTThAyae aNaMtaguNe / - prajJApanA, pada 3, sU 41 (pradezoM kI apekSA se AkAzAstikAya anantugaNA hai arthAt AkAza dravya ke ananta pradeza hote haiM / ) rUvI ajIvadavvANaM bhaMte ! kaivihA paNNattA ? goyamA ! cauvvihA paNNattA, taM jahA. khaMdhA, khaMdhadesA, khaMdhappaesA, paramANupoggalA.... aNaMtA paramANupuggalA, 'aNaMtA dupaesiyA khaMdhA jAva aNaMtA dasapaesiyA khaMdhA, aNaMtA saMkhejjapaesiyA khaMdhA, aNaMtA asaMkhijjapaesiyA khaMdhA, aNaMtA aNaMtapaesiyA khaMdhA - prajJApanA, pada 5 (bhagavana ! rUpI ajIva dravya kitane prakAra ke hote hai ? gautama ! cAra prakAra ke hote haiM, yathA - skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza paramANupudgala / paramANu .pudgala ananta hote haiM / do pradeza vAle skandhoM se lagAkara deza pradeza vAle skandha taka saba ananta hote haiM / saMkhyAta pradeza vAle skandha ananta hote haiM, asaMkhyAta pradeza vAle skandha bhI ananta hote hai aura ananta pradeza vAle skandha bhI ananta hote haiM / dravyoM me pradezoM kI saMkhyA - . asaMkhyeyA : pradezA dharmAdharmayo / 7 / jIvasya / 8 / AkAzasyAnantA : / 9 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 7-11 saMkhyeyA'saMkhyeyAzca pudgalAnAM / 10 / nANo : / 11 / dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ke asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM / eka jIva ke pradeza asaMkhyAta haiM / AkAza ke ananta pradeza haiM / pudagala ke pradeza saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta hai| . aNu ke pradeza nahIM hote / vivecana - prastuta sUtra 7 se 10 taka meM dravyoM ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA batAI gaI hai aura sUtra 11 meM kahA gayA hai ki aNu ke pradeza nahIM hote / . pradeza kA abhiprAya - pradeza kA abhiprAya usa sUkSmAtisUkSma aMza (part) se hai, jisakA Age koI khaMDa yA Tukar3A ho hI na sake / ise niraMza aMza athavA aMza rahita aMza (partless part) bhI kahA jAtA hai| aise avibhAgI sUkSmAtisUkSma aMza dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya lokAkAza aura eka jIva meM asaMkhyAta hai aura ye saba barAbara-barAbara haiM, na kama, na jyAdA / arthAta saMkhyA kI dRSTi se jitane pradeza eka jIva ke haiM, utane hI dharmAstikAya ke haiM, utanehI adharmAstikAya ke aura utane hI lokAkAza ke| vizeSa - dravya sthiti isa prakAra kI hai ki lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza para dharmAstikAya-adharmAstikAya kA eka-eka pradeza avasthita hai tathA jisa samaya kevalI bhagavAna kevala-samudghAta karate hai aura apanI AtmA ko lokavyApI banAte haiM, loka-pUraNa samudghAta karate haiM, usa samaya AtmA kA eka-eka pradeza bhI dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya ke eka-eka pradeza para avasthita ho jAtA hai| yaha sthiti tabhI sambhava hai jaba ina cAroM dravyoM ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA samAna ho / isIlie Agamokta uddharaNa meM 'tulla' zabda diyA hai / __ sUtra meM pudgala dravya ke pradeza saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta batAye haiM kintu Agamokta uddharaNa meM saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta ke sAtha ananta bhI kahe haiM / isakA kAraNa sUtrakAra kI saMkSipta zailI hai / vAstava meM toM anantapradezI aura yahA~ taka ki anantAnanta pradezI skandha bhI pudgala dravya ke hote haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki eka pradeza jitanA sthAna gheratA hai, utane For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 227 sthAna meM saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pudgala paramANu avasthita raha sakate haiM / kintu eka paramANu jitane sthAna meM eka hI pradeza avasthita raha sakatA hai, eka se adhika nahIM / isIlie sUtra 11 meM kahA gayA hai ki aNu meM koI pradeza nahIM hotA / pradeza ko aMgrejI meM space point aura paramANu ko atom kahA jAtA eka pradeza (space point) para ananta paramANu kaise samA sakate haiM, isake lie eka sAdhAraNa udAharaNa upayogI hogA / jaise eka DibbA (container) haiM, isameM to koI Thosa (solid) dravya bharA jA sakatA hai, kintu pUre bhare Dibbe meM, aura adhika Thosa dravya nahIM bharA jA sakatA / eka paramANu jitane sthAna para avasthita haiM, utane sthAna meM saMkhyAta (Numerable) asaMkhyAta (Innumerable) ananta (Infinite) aura anantAnanta (Infinite progression) kaise samA sakate haiM, ise eka ati sAdhAraNa sthUla udAharaNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai * pAnI se labAlaba bharA eka bartana (iua) lIjie / usameM dhIre-dhIre zakkara (sugar) DAlate jAiye Apa dekheMge ki pAnI se pA~ca gunI zakkara samA gaI aura pAnI ke eka bUMda bhI bAhara na girI / isI prakAra eka paramANu ghere utane sthAna meM ananta paramANu bhI samA sakate hai | ___ sUtra meM jo AkAza ke ananta pradeza batAye haiM, ve sampUrNa AkAza dravya (astikAya) ke haiM arthAta lokAkAza aura alokAkAza-donoM ko milAkara sampUrNa AkAza ke pradeza ananta haiM / vaise lokAkAza ke pradeza asaMkhyAta haiM aura alokAkAza ke ananta pradeza haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki lokAkAza kI apekSA alokAkAza ananta guNA kahA gayA hai / pudgala paramANu tathA anya dravyoM ke pradeza meM antara - pudgala paramANu tathA anya dravyoM ke pradezoM meM pramukha antara haiM - saMyoga aura viyoga kA / pudgala paramANu paraspara milate haiM, eka rUpa hote haiM aura phira alagaalaga bhI ho jAte haiM / aisI sthiti anya cAroM dravyoM ke pradezoM meM nahIM hai / ve samuccaya rUpa meM rahate haiM / aisA kabhI nahIM hotA ki jIva ke kucha pradeza kabhI alaga ho For Personal & Private Use Only

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228 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 12-16 jAyeM aura phira kabhI AkAra mila jAyeM / ve samuccaya rUpa se eka sAtha hI rahate haiM, kabhI alaga nahIM hote / yahI sthiti dharma, adharma aura AkAza ke pradezoM kI bhI hai / Agama vacana - dhammo adhammo AgAsaM kAlo puggala jaMtavo / ... esa logutti paNNatto jiNehiM varadaMsihi // -uttarA 28/7 (jisake andara dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala, aura jIva rahate hoM use sarvadarzI jinendra bhagavAna ne loka kahA hai / arthAt lokAkAza meM saba dravya rahate haiM / ) dhammAdhamme ya do ceva logamittA viyAhiyA / .. logAloge ya AgAse, samae samayakhettie / / -uttarA. 36/7 (dharma aura adharma nAma ke do dravya sampUrNa loka meM vyApta haiM / AMkAza loka meM hai aura isake bAhara aloka meM bhI hai / vyavahAra kAla samayakSetra meM hai / ) egapaesogADhA saMkhijjapaesogADhA....asaMkhijjapaesogADhA / prajJApanA, pada 5, ajIva paryavAdhikAra (pudgaloM ke skandha (apane-apane parimANa kI apekSA) AkAza ke eka pradeza meM bhI haiM, saMkhyAta pradezoM meM bhI haiM aura asaMkhyAta pradezoM ko bhI ghere hue haiM / ) loassa asaMkhejjaibhAge / prajJApanA, pada 2, jIvasthAnAdhikAra (jIvoM kA avagAha loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM hotA hai / ) dIvaM va... jIvevi jaM jArisayaM puvvakammanibaddhaM boMdi Nivattei taM asaMkhejjehiM jIvapadesehi sacittaM karei khuDDiyaM vA mahAlayaM vaa| - rAjapraznIya sUtra, sUtra 74 (apane pUrvabhava meM bA~dhe hue karma ke anusAra prApta kiye hue zarIra ko jIva apane asaMkhyAtapradezoM se dIpaka ke samAna sacitta (sajIva) kara letA hai / phira cAhe vaha zarIra choTe se choTA ho yA bar3e se bar3A ho / ) dravyoM kA avagAha - lokAkAze'vagAhaH / 12 / dharmAdharmayoH kRtsne / 13 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 229 eka pradezAdiSu bhAjyaH pudgalAnAm / 14 / asaMkhyeyabhAgAdiSu jIvAnAm / 15 / pradezasaMhAravisargAbhyAM pradIpavat / 16 / (dravyoM kA) avagAha lokAkAza meM hotA hai / dharmadravya aura adharmadravya kA avagAha pUrNa lokAMkAza meM hai / pudgala dravyoM kA avagAha (lokAkAza ke ) eka pradeza Adi meM bhAjya (vikalpa) se hai / jIva kA avagAha (lokAkAza ke samasta pradezoM ke) asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM hotA hai / (kyoMki) dIpaka (ke prakAza) ke samAna unake (jIvoM ke) pradezoM kA saMkoca tathA vistAra hotA hai / vivecana - avagAha zabda ke artha haiM - sthAna-lAbha athavA sthAna grahaNa karanA, yA sthAna pradAna karanA / ise sAdhAraNa bhASA meM 'samA jAnA' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha sthAna pradAna karanA lokAkAza kA kArya hai, athavA yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI dravya (astikAya) lokAkAza meM sthAna grahaNa karate haiM, athavA lokAkAza ke AdhAra para avasthita haiM / yaha kathana vyavahAra naya kI apekSA hai / tAttvika dRSTi se to sabhI dravya (astikAya) apane meM hI adhiSThita haiM / lokAkAza kA abhiprAya - AkAza dravya (astikAya) ananta hai / kintu jahAM taka jIva-dharma-adharma-pudgala kI sattA athavA avasthiti hotI hai, vahAM taka kA AkAza lokAkAza kahalAtA hai / usase Age kA ananta AkAza alokAkAza kahA gayA hai / pudgala aura jIva gatimAna dravya (astikAya) haiM / unameM svAbhAvika gatikriyA hai / veM apanA sthAna badalate rahate haiM / kintu dharma-adharma astikAya sthita haiM, avasthita haiM, unameM gatikriyA nahIM hai, ataH loka kI maryAdA kA vibhAga unhIM se hotA hai / isakA spaSTa abhiprAya yaha hai ki AkAza meM jahAM taka dharma-adharma astikAya kI avasthiti hai, vahAM taka lokAkAza hai aura usase Age alokAkAza / isIlie sUtrakAra ne 'kRtsne' zabda diyA hai / isakA artha hotA hai ,vyApti athavA sampUrNataH / abhiprAya yaha hai dharma-adharma astikAya kI vyApti sampUrNa lokAkAza meM hotI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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230 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 12-16 isakA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki vahAM jIva aura pudgala kI avasthiti nahIM hai / jIva aura pudgalastikAya bhI haiM avazya; kintu gatizIla dravya hone se unakI yahAM apekSA nahIM kI gaI hai / 'bhAjyaH' zabda kA pudgala ke sandarbha meM vizeSArtha - 'bhAjyaH' kA artha hai vikalpa / sUtra kA abhiprAya hai vikalpa se pudgalo kA avagAha eka pradeza Adi meM hai / pudgala dravya aneka prakAra ke haiM, yathA-aNu, vyaNuka, tryaNuka, saMkhyeya pradeza asaMkhyeya pradeza, ananta pradeza, anantAnanta pradeza Adi / inameM se aNu, dvayaNuka (do aNuoM kA skandha), tryaNuka (tIna aNuoM kA skandha) Adi yahA~ taka saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta aura anantAnanta paramANuoM kA skandha AkAza ke eka pradeza para bhI sthita raha sakatA hai, do pradezo para bhI aura asaMkhyAta pradezoM para bhI / / yAnI adhika aNuoM vAlA skandha AkAza ke kama pradeza para avasthita raha sakatA hai; kintu pudagala kA koI bhI skandha apane paramANuoM kI saMkhyA se adhika AkAza pradezoM ko nahIM ghera sakatA / adhika aNu saMkhyA vAlA pudgala skandha AkAza ke kama pradezoM para kaise avasthita rahatA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki pudgala meM sUkSmatva pariNamana zakti hotI hai| usI zakti ke kAraNa usameM yaha kSamatA hai / isI kAraNa apane paramANu saMkhyA se adhika apanI avasthiti ke lie use AkAza pradezoM kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM par3atI / anantAnantapudgala paramANuoM kA piNDa (mahAskandha) bhI isI sUkSma pariNamana zakti ke kAraNa AkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM samA jAtA hai / isa sUkSma pariNamana zakti kA eka aura prabhAva hotA hai aura vaha hai vyAghAtarahitatA, arthAt na kisI se bAdhita honA aura na kisI anya ko kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA pahuMcAnA / ___yadyapi pudgala dravya (astikAya) mUrta hai aura anantAnanta paramANuoM ke usake skandha bhI haiM, kintu sUkSma pariNamana zakti ke kAraNa ve skandha na kisI ko bAdhA pahuMcAte hai aura na svayaM hI kisI anya dvArA bAdhita hote jIva ke avagAha kI vizeSatA aura usakA kAraNa - eka jIva kA avagAha loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM hotA hai aura sampUrNa loka meM bhii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 231 aisA kisa prakAra saMbhava hai? to batAyA gayA ki dIpaka ke prakAza ke samAna saMkoca-vistAra zakti (svabhAva) ke kAraNa aisA hotA hai / eka jIva kA sampUrNa loka meM avagAha to sirpha kevali-samudghAta ke samaya hotA hai / zeSa sabhI avasthaoM meM eka jIva kA avagAha loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM hI hotA hai / kintu loka kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga bhI asaMkhyAta prakAra kA hotA hai, isilie eka jIva kA avagAha bhI asaMkhyAta prakAra kA hotA hai / asaMkhyAta prakAra ke avagAha kA kAraNa - saMsArI avasthA meM jIva ke sAtha kArmaNa aura taijasa zarIra avazya hote haiM aura inhIM ke AkAra parimANa ke anusAra audArika zarIra hotA hai / saMsArI jIva inhI zarIroM ke AkAra ke anusAra apane pradezoM kA saMkoca athavA vistAra karatA hai / / udAharaNArtha - koI hAthI marakara manuSya banA to hAthI rUpa lambe DIla-Daula meM phaile Atma-pradeza mAnava-zizu ke AkAra meM saMkucita ho jAte haiM / aura jyoM-jyoM zizu kA zarIra bar3hatA hai, yuvA hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM usI ke anusAra Atma-pradeza bhI vistAra pAte jAte haiM / kyoMki niyamataH jIva ke pradeza zarIra meM hI vyApta rahate haiM, na zarIra kA koI bhI bhAga AtmapradezoM ke rikta hotA hai aura na AtmA ke pradeza zarIra se bAhara phaile rahate haiM / vizeSa - samudghAta Adi tathA vaikriya AhAraka Adi labdhiyoM ke prayoga kI yahA~ apekSA nahIM kI gaI hai, kyoMki usameM to jIva ke pradeza zarIra se bAhara hI phailate haiM / / sUtra meM jo dIpaka ke prakAza kI Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha saMkoca-vistAra kI upamA dI gaI hai, usakA bhI hArda yahI hai ki yadi dIpaka ko kamare meM rakha diyA jayA to usakA prakAza pUre kamare meM phailegA aura yadi kisI pAtra se Dhaka diyA jAya to vaha sampUrNa prakAza pAtra ke alpa kSetra me hI sImita hokara raha jAyegA / isI prakAra jIva-pradeza bhI choTe-bar3e zarIra ke anusAra saMkoca aura vistAra kara lete haiM / yaha jIva kA svabhAva hai / yahA~ jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki dharma-adharma dravyoM ke pradezoM meM yaha saMkoca-vistAra kI zakti kyoM nahIM hotI ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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232 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 12-16 1 isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki dharma-adharma astikAya ko saMkoca - vistAra kI zakti kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| jIva ko to AvazyakatA karma- saMyoga ke kAraNa hai / karma-prabhAva jaisA bhI choTA-bar3A zarIra milA, usake anusAra use apanA saMkoca - vistAra karanA hI par3atA hai / siddha jIvoM meM karma- saMyoga na rahane se unake Atma- pradeza bhI tadAkAra (zarIra chUTate samaya jisa AkAra jisa parimANa ke the, usI parimANa aura AkAra ke) bane rahate haiM / dharma-adharma- - pudgala - jIva astikAya to lokAkAza ke AdhArapara avasthita haiM; kintu AkAza svAdhArita hai yAnI vaha anya kisI bhI dravya (astikAya) ke AdhArapara avasthita nahIM; vaha apanA adhiSThAna svayaM hI hai, use kisI anya AdhAra kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai / Agama vacana - dhammatthikAeNaM jIvANaM AgamaNa-gamaNa - bhAsummesa-maNa- jogA vai - jogA kAyajogA je yAvanne tahappagArA calA bhAvA savve te dhammatthikAe pavattaMti / gailakkhaNe NaM dhammatthikAe / (dharmAstikAya jIvoM ke gamana, Agamana, bhASA, unmeSa, manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga (ke lie nimitta hotA hai ), inake atirikta aura jo bhI isa prakAra ke cala bhAva haiM, ve saba dharmAstikAya ke hone para hI hote haiM, kyoMki 'gati' dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa hai / ahammatthikAeNaM jIvANaM ThANa- nisIyaNa tuyaTTaNa maNassa ya gattIbhAvakaraNatA je yAvanne tahappagArA thirAbhAvA savve te ahammatthikAe pavattaMti / ThANa lakkhaNeM NaM ahammatthikAe / (adharmAstikAya jIvoM ke lie ThaharanA, baiThanA, tvagvartana ( karavaTa badalanA) aura mana kI ekAgratA karatA hai / inake atirikta aura jo bhI isa prakAra ke sthira bhAva haiM, vaha adharmAstikAya ke honepara hI hote haiM; kyoMki adharmAstikAya sthiti lakSaNa vAlA hai / AgAsatthikAeNaM jIvadavvANa ya ajIvadavvANa ya bhAyaNabhUe For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 233 egeNa vi se punne dohivi punne sayaMpi mAejjA / koDisaeNa vi punne koDisahassaM vi mAejjA / avagAhaNAlakkhaNe NaM AgAsatthikAe / -bhagavatI, za. 13, u. 4, sUtra 481 (AkAza dravya jIva dravyoM aura ajIva dravyoM ko sthAna dene vAlA h| yaha eka se bhI bharA huA hai, do se bhI bharA huA hai, eka karor3a aura eka araba se bhI bharA huA hai tathA eka kharaba jIva tathA pudgala skandhoM se bhI bharA huA hai / kyoMki AkAzAstikAya avagAhanA lakSaNa vAlA hai / jIvoM uvaogalakkhaNo / nANeNa daMsaNeNa ca duheNa ya suheNa ya / - uttarA . 28/10 jJAna, darzana, sukha aura duHkha ke dvArA bhI (jIva upakAra karatA hai) jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai / poggalatthikAe NaM orAliya veuvvaya AhArae teyAkammae soiMdiyacakkhiMdiya ghANiMdiya jibhidiya phAsiMdiya maNajoga vayajoga kAyajoga ANApANUNaM ca gahaNaM ,pavattati / gahaNalakkhaNeNaM poggalatthikAe / - bhagavatI 1. za. 13, udde. 4, sUtra 481 (gautama ! pudgalAstikAya jIvoM ke lie audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, taijas, kArmaNa, karNendriya, cakSurindriya, ghrANendriya, rasanendriya, sparzanendriya, manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga aura zvAsocchvAsa grahaNa karAtA hai / pudgalAstikAya grahaNa lakSaNa vAlA hai / vattaNA lakkhaNo kAlo. - uttarA. 28/10 (kAla vartanA lakSaNa vAlA hai|) dravyoM ke kArya aura lakSaNa - gatisthityupagrahau dharmAdharmayorupakAra : / 17 / AkAzasyAvagAhaH / 18 / zarIravAGmanaH prANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / 19 / sukha-duHkha- jIvitamaraNopagrahAzca / 20 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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234 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 17-22 parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / 21 / vartanA pariNAmaH / kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya |22| (gatimAna padArthoM kI) gati meM aura ( sthitimAna padArthoM kI) sthiti meM upagraha karanA (udAsIna nimitta bananA) dharma aura adharma dravya kA upakAra ( guNa yA prayojana athavA lakSaNa ) haiM / avagAha (sthAna) denA AkAza kA guNaM athavA lakSaNa hai / zarIra, vacana, mana aura prANApAna pudgala dravya kA upakAra hai / tathA sukha, duHkha jIvana aura maraNa meM nimitta bananA bhI pudgala dravya kA hI upakAra hai / paraspara eka-dUsare ke lie nimitta bananA jIva kA upakAra hai / kAla kA upakAra vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA tathA paratva - aparatva hai / vivecana prastuta sUtra 17 se 22 taka meM dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala, jIva aura kAla - ina chaha dravyoM ke guNa athavA lakSaNa batAye gaye hai / dharma aura adharma yaha donoM dravya gatimAna aura sthitimAna dravyoM 1 - ke gamana aura sthiratva meM udAsIna rUpa se sahAyaka hai / dharma aura adharma kA astitva - vicAra sirpha jaina darzana kI hI vizeSatA I hai / saMsAra ke kisI bhI anya dharma-darzana ne inake astitva para vicAra nahIM kiyA / apitu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke maduka zrAvaka ke AkhyAna se spaSTa hai ki tatkAlIna anya dharmAvalambI paMca astikAyoM ( dharma-adharma vizeSa rUpa se) ke siddhAnta para, jinendra vANI para bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke AkSepa lagAte the / kintu Adhunika vijJAna ne ise svIkAra kiyA hai / aura ise Ether nAma diyA hai / vaijJAnikoM ne Ithara kA jo varNana kiyA vaha jaina Agamo meM varNita dharmadravya ke varNana se milatA-julatA hai / Hollywood R. and T. Instruction Lesson 2 What is Ether The best that anyone could do would be to say that Ether is an invisible body.... is a something that is not a solid, nor liquid, nor gaseous, nor anything else which can be observed by us physically. For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 235 We believe thatEther exists throughout all space of Universe, in the most remote regions of the stars, and at the same time within the earth; and in the seemingly impossible small space which exists between the atoms of all matter. That is to say, Ether is every-where; and that electro-magnetic wave can be propagated everywhere. Ithara kyA hai? (adhika se adhika yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'Ithara' adRzya padArtha he / vaha na Thosa hai, na tarala hai, na gaisa hai aura aisI vastu bhI nahIM hai jise dekhA jA sake / hama vizvAsa karate haiM ki Ithara vizva (loka) meM sarvatra vyApta hai, sudUra nakSatra maNDala meM bhI hai, pRthvI meM bhI hai aura yahA~ taka paramANuoM ke bIca meM (paramANuoM ke madhya kI vaha dUrI jise dekhanA asambhava sA hai) bhI h| Azaya yaha hai ki Ithara sarvatra hai, isIlie vaidyuta - cumbakIya taraMgeM bhI sarvatra gati kara sakatI hai / aura albarTa AinsTIna ke apekSAvAda ke sidhdAntAnusAra - 'Ithara abhautika, aparimANvika, avibhAjya, akhaNDa, AkAza ke samAna vyApaka, arupa, gati kA anivArya mAdhyama aura apane Apa meM sthira hai / ' Thus it is proved that Science and Jain Physics agree absolutely so far as they call Dharma (Ether) non-material, non-atomic, non-discrete, continuous, co-extensive with space, invisible and as a. necessary medium of motion and one which does not itself move. (Prof. G.R. Jain) isa prakAra vaijJAnikoM ne bhI sidhda kara diyA hai ki dharma athavA Ether gati kA anivArya sahakArI mAdhyama hai, isake binA gati nahIM ho sakatI / hAM abhI adharma (Fulcrum of rest) ke bAre meM vijJAna mauna hai; kintu yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki eka dina vaha adharmAstikAya ko bhI svIkAra kara le / AkAzAstikAya kA guNa - AkAza kA guNa avakAza denA hai, vaha pratyeka vastu ko avagAha detA hai / anya dArzanikoM ne AkAza kA guNa zabda mAnA hai| ve yaha kahate haiM ki dhvani AkAza kA guNa hai / kintu Adhunika vijJAna ne sidhda kara diyA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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236 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 17-22 ki dhvani AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai, apitu pudgala dravya ke do paramANuoM/ skaMdhoM (atoms of matter and elements) se utpanna hotI hai / pudgala dravya ke kArya - pudgalAstikAya ke kArya sukha, duHkha, jIvana, maraNa, zarIra, mana, vacana aura prANApAna (ucchvAsa-niHzvAsa) haiM, ina sabameM pudgala dravya nimitta banatA hai / zarIra to spaSTa hI paudgalika hai, audArika vargaNAoM se nirmitta hai / isI prakAra vacana (bhASA) ko vaijJAnika bhI paudgalika sidhda kara cuke haiM aura isI prakAra mana (mind) ko bhI / . ucchvAsa aura niHzvAsa .ye donoM paudgalika (of matler) haiM / vijJAna ne bhI pudgala (matter) hI eka dazA gaisa (gas) svIkAra kI hai jo vAyu rupa hotI hai / zvAsocchvAsa vAyu ko Adhunika vaijJAnika zabdAvalI meM oxygen and nitrogen kahA jAtA hai| sukha aura duHkha jo jIva anubhava karatA hai, unakA antaraMga kAraNa sAtAvedanIya-asAtAvedanIya karma hai, jo svayaM paudagalika hai / phira komala sparza, sugandhita dravya mana ko sukha dete haiM, garmiyoM meM zItala vAyu Adi bhI sukhada hote haiM / isI prakAra durgandha, rukSa aura kaThora sparza, tIkhe kAMTe Adi duHkha kI anubhUti karAte haiN| ye sabhI spaSTataH paudgalika haiN| mRtyu ke kAraNa bhI aneka pudgala; jaise-patthara Adi kI sAMghAtika coTa, bandUka kI golI, tIkSNa zastra, talavAra, churI Adi spaSTa hI sthUla aura paudgalika haiM / jIva ke kArya - jIva eka-dUsare ke sahAyaka banate haiM, saMtajana upadeza Adi dekara gRhasthoM kA upakAra karate haiM / isI prakAra mAlika sevakoM ko vetana dekara aura naukara apane svAmiyoM kI sevA karake upakAra karate haiM saMsAra kA pratyeka prANi eka-dUsare ke upakAra/ sahayoga para Azrita hai / mAnava-jIvana kA samasta pArivArika, sAmAjika, jAtIya aura rAjya, rASTra saMbaMdhI DhAMcA to, paraspara ke sahayoga/upakAra para hI khar3A hai / kAla ke upakAra sUtra meM kAla dravya ke cAra upakAra batAye haiM-1.,vartanA,2. pariNAma, 3.kriyA aura 4. paratva-aparattava / prastuta sUtra meM jo kAla ke upakAra ginAye gaye haiM, ve kAla ko svataMtra dravya svIkAra karake ginAye gaye pratIta hote haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 237 kAla kA varNana Age sUtra 38 meM kreNge| yahAM to usake kArya hI batAye gaye haiM, ina kAryoM se hI kAla kA saMketa prApta hotA hai / (1) vartanA - yadyapi pratyeka dravya apanI nijI zakti se paryAyarUpa - pariNamana karatA hai, naI-naI paryAya dhAraNa karatA hai; kintu kAla usameM nimitta kAraNa banatA hai / isa apekSA se hI vartanA ko kAladravya kA upakAra kahA (2) pariNAma - dravya jo svajAti ko tyAge binA aparispanda paryAya rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, use pariNAma kahA jAtA hai / isake do bheda hai - 1. anAdi aura 2. sAdi athavA AdimAna / pariNAma kA vistRta varNana sUtra 38 ke antargata kiyA jAyegA / (3) kriyA - kriyA kA abhiprAya yahAM gati hai / vaha gati parispanda rUpa bhI hai aura kriyA arthAt gamanarUpa bhI / yaha tIna prakAra kI hai - 1. prayogagati, 2. vistrasAgati aura 3. mizragati / (4) paratva-aparatva- paratva kA abhiprAya jyeSThatva aura aparatva kA abhiprAya kaniSThatA hai / yaha tIna prakAra kA hai - 1. prazasAMkRta, 2. kSetrakRta aura 3, kaalkRt| dharma mahAna hai, adharma nikRSTa haiM, yaha prazaMsAkRta paratva-aparatva hai / amuka sthAna nikaTa aura amuka dUra hai, yaha kSetrakRta paratva-aparatva kA ' udAharaNa hai kAlakRta paratva-aparatva ke bArameM meM yaha udAharaNa paryApta hogA - rAma kI Ayu 10 varSa hai aura zyAma kI ATha varSa / ataH rAma zyAma se jyeSTha hai tathA zyAma rAma kI apekSA kaniSTha hai / isa prakAra jIva Adi dravyoM ke upakAra ko samajha lenA caahie| Agama vacana .. poggale paMcavaNNe paMcarase dugandhe aphAse paNNatte / - bhagavatI, za. 12, u. 5, sUtra 450 saddandhayAra ujjoo, pabhA chAyAtavAi vA / vaNNarasagaMdhaphAsA puggalANaM tu lakkhaNaM / egattaM ca puhattaM ca, saMkhA saMThANameva ya / saMjogA yA vibhAga ya, pajjavANA tu lakkhaNaM / - uttara28/12-13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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238 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 23-28 (pudgala meM pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gandha, ATha sparza hote hai|) (zabda, andhakAra, udyota, prabhA, chAyA, Atapa, varNa, rasa, gandha, aura sparza pudgaloM ke lakSaNa hai / ekatva, pRthaktva, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, saMyoga aura vibhAga pudgala paryAyoM ke lakSaNa haiM / ) duvihA poggalA paNNattA taM. jahA-paramANu poggalA noparamANupoggalA ceva / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 3, sUtra 82 (pudgala do prakAra ke hote haiM - paramANu pudgala aura noparamANu pudgala) egatteNa puhatteNa khandhA yA paramANuNo / loegadese loe ya bhaiyavvA te u khettao || -uttarA. 36/11 (paramANu ekatvarUpa hone se arthAt aneka paramANu ekarUpa meM pariNata hokara skandha bana jAte haiM aura skandha pRthakrUpa hone se paramANu bana jAte haiM. (yaha dravya kI apekSA se hai) (kSetra kI apekSA se) ve (skandha aura paramANu) loka ke ekadeza meM tathA (ekadeza se lekara) sampUrNa loka meM bhAjya (asaMkhya vikalpAtmaka) haiN| dohiM ThANe hiM poggalA sAhaNNaMti, taM jahA-saI vA poggalA sAhannati pareNa vA poggalA sAhannaMti, saI vA poggalA bhijjaMti pareNa vA poggalA bhijjati / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 3, sUtra 82 (do prakAra se pudgala ekatrita hokara milate haiM - yA to svayaM milate haiM athavA dUsare ke dvArA milAye jAte haiM, yA to pudagala svayaM bheda ko prApta hote haiM athavA dUsaroM ke dvArA bheda ko prApta hote haiM / ) pudgala kA vivecana - sparzarasagandhavarNavanta : pudgalA : 23 / zabdabandhasaukSmyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyAtapodyota vantazca / 24 / aNavaHskandhAzca / 25 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 239 saMghAtabhedebhya utpadyante / 26 / bhedaadnnuH|27| bhedasaMdhAtAbhyAM cAkSuSA : / 28 / sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa vAle pudgala hote. haiM / zabda, bandha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, Atapa (dhUpa) aura udyota (candra kA prakAza) vAle bhI pudgala hote haiM. (yaha bhI pudgala kI hI paryAyeM haiM.) pudgala ke do prakAra haiM - (1) aNu aura (2) skandha / jur3ane (saMghAta) se, TUTane-pRthaka-pRthak, hone (bheda) se tathA jur3ane aura pRthak hone-donoM ke skandhoM kI utpatti hotI hai / aNu bheda se hI utpanna hotA hai (saMghAta se nahIM) / cakSu indriya se dikhAI dene vAlA skandha bheda aura saMghAta donoM se hI nirmita hotA hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra 23 se 28 taka meM pudgala dravya (astikAya) ke guNa-paryAya aura tathA skandhoM ke banane kI prakriyA batAyA batAI gaI hai| - pudgala ke guNa . pudgala ke pramukha guNa cAra hai - (1) sparza (2) rasa (3) gandha aura (4) varNa / aura inake avAntara bheda bIsa haiM / sparza - ATha prakAra kA hai - (1) kaThina (2) komala (mRdu) (3) bhArI (guru) (4) halakA (laghu), (5) zIta (ThaNDA), (6) uSNa (garma), (7) cikanA (snigdha) aura (8) rUkhA (rUkSa) / rasa - pA~ca prakAra kA hai - (1) caraparA (tikta) (2) kaDuA (kaTu) (3) kasailA (kaSAya) (4) khaTTA (amla) aura (5) mIThA (madhura) / . ___gandha - ke do prakAra - (1) surabhi (sugandha) (2) durabhi (durgndh)| varNa - ke pA~ca bheda - (1) kRSNa (kAlA) (2) nIla (nIlA) (3) rakta (lAla) (4) pIta (pIlA) aura (5) zukla (zveta-sapheda) / __uparyukta sparza Adi cAra guNa pratyeka pudgala paramANu tathA skandha meM hote haiM aura ina bIsa bhedoM athavA paryAyoM meM se yathAsamaMbhava hote haiM / aura isa bIsa bhedoM ke bhI uttarabheda asaMkhyAta hote haiM / udAharaNa ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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240 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 23-28 rUpa se madhura rasa ke bhI aneka bheda hote haiM, kama mIThA, adhika mIThA Adi aura isa kama aura adhika mIThe meM bhI asaMkhyAta prakAra kA taratamabhAva hotA yahI sthiti sparza, gandha, varNa Adi kI bhI hai / pudgaloM ke paryAya sUtra 24 meM pudgaloM ke asAdhAraNa paryAya batAye gaye haiM / inakA paricaya isa prakAra haiM / (1) zabda - dhvani athavA jisake dvArA artha kA pratipAdana hotA hai, vaha zabda hai / isake do prakAra hai vaistrasika (prAkRtika - jaise bAdaloM kI garjanA) aura prayogaja -prayatnajanya / (prayogaja ke -tata, vitata, ghana, zuSira, saMgharSa, aura bhASA-chaha mukhya bheda haiM / (2) bandha - pudgala paramANuoM/skandhoM kA ekakSetra avagAha rUpa meM paraspara sambandha ho jAnA bandha hai / yaha zithila, gAr3ha, pragAr3ha, Adi aneka prakAra kA hai / isake pramukha bheda tIna haiM - (1) prayogabandha (2) vistrasAbandha aura (3) mizrabandha / jIva ke prayatna se hone vAlA bandha prayogabandha haiM; udAharaNArtha - audArika zarIravAlI vanaspatiyoM ke kASTha aura lAkha kA bandha / jIva ke sAtha karma-dalikoM kA jo baMdha hotA hai, vaha bhI isI zreNI kA haiM / (svabhAva se hone vAlA bandha vistrasAbandha kahalAtA hai; jaise-bijalI, megha, indradhanuSa Adi kA bandha ) jIva ke prayoga kA sAhacarya rakhakara jo pudgaloM kA bandha hotA hai vaha mizrabandha hotA hai; jaise-stUpa, kumbha Adi / (3) saukSamya - (sUkSmatA) isakA abhiprAya patalApana yA laghutA hai / yA do prakAra kA hai - 1. antya (jo sarvAdhika sUkSma ho-jaise paramANu) aura 2. ApekSika - yaha dvayaNuka, tryaNuka Adi meM hotA haiN| isakA abhiprAya hai caturaNuka kI apekSA tryaNuka sUkSma hai aura tryaNuka kI apekSA vyaNuka / ApekSika sUkSmatA asaMkhyAta prakAra kI hai, jaise tarabUja kI apekSA kharabUjA sUkSma hai, kharabUje kI apekSA Ama, Ama kI apekSA A~valA aadi| (4) sthaulya (sthUlatA) - isakA abhiprAya hai - moTApana yA gurutA / isake bhI pramukha bheda do haiM - 1. antya aura 2. ApekSika / For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 241 antya kA abhiprAya haiM-sabase sthUla skandha / aisA skandha saMpUrNa lokavyApI mahAskandha hotA hai / ApekSika sthUlatA ke aneka (asaMkhyAta) bheda haiM; jaise-A~vale kI apekSA Ama sthUla hai, Ama kI apekSA kharabUjA Adi / sUkSma tathA sthUla ke 6bheda bhI batAye gaye haiM - 1. sthUla-sthUla 2. sthUla 3. sthUla-sUkSma, 4. sUkSma-sthUla, 5. sUkSma, 6. sUkSma-sUkSma. / (5) saMsthAna AkRti ko kahA jAtA hai / isake pramukha bheda do hai - 1. Atma-parigraha aura 2. anAtma-parigraha. Atma-parigraha jIvoM ke zarIra ke AkAra ko kahA jAtA hai / huNDaka Adi saMsthAna isake udAharaNa haiM / anAtma-parigraha ke trikona, caukona, gola, varga, zaMku, Adi asaMkhyAta bheda haiM / (6) bheda kA artha vizleSaNa athavA pRthakIkaraNa hai / isake pramukha rUpa se pAMca bheda haiM - (ka) autkArika - lakar3I Adi ko cIrane tathA AghAta se hone vAlA pRthakI karaNa autkArika hai | (kha) cauNika - cUrNa ho jAnA - jaise gehU~ Adi ko pIsane se hone vAlA pRthakIkaraNa / (ga) khaNDa - Tukar3e-Tukar3e honA-jaise miTTI Adi ko phor3ane se hone vAlA pRthakIkaraNa / (gha) pratara - megha paTala kI bhAMti bikhara jAnA / parateM nikalanAjaise abhraka Adi / (Ga) aNucaTana - jaise saMtarA, Ama Adi phala ko chIlakara usake phala tathA chilake ko alaga-alaga kara denA / (7) tama - tama kA artha andhakAra hai / ve zyAma varNa vAle pudgalapariNAma jo dRSTi ko pratibandhita karate haiM, unheM tama kahA jAtA hai / (8) chAyA - kisI bhI vastu meM anya vastu kI AkRti aMkita ho jAnA chAyA hai / yaha do prakAra kI. hai (1) prakAza AvaraNarUpa aura 2) pratibimba rUpa / (9) uSNa prakAza Atapa kahalAtA hai aura (10) zItala prakAza ko udyota kahA gayA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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242 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 23-28 aNu evaM skandha : nirmANa Adi ke hetu pudgala ke pramukha bheda do haiM (1) aNu aura (2) skandha / aNu pudgala kA avibhAjI, sUkSmatama aMza hai / vastutaH yahI pudgala dravya hai / skandha inhIM saMkhyAta asaMkhyAta aNuoM kA samanvita rUpa haiM / skandhoM kA nirmANa (1) pRthakIkaraNa se, (2) jur3ane - saMyojana se tathA (3) saMyojana-visaMyojana - donoM - isa prakAra tInoM taraha se hotA hai / udAharaNArtha eka bar3e skandha ke visaMyojana athavA vikhaNDana se aneka choTe-choTe skandha bana jAte haiM tathA kaI choTe-choTe skandhoM ke saMyojana se eka bar3A skandha nirmita ho jAtA hai / - - kintu | aNu kA nirmANa sadA hI visaMyojana se hotA hai Agama meM saMyojana ke lie ekatva aura visaMyojana ke lie pRthakatva zabda diyA gayA hai / cAkSuSa (cakSu indriya se dRSTigocara honevAle) skandhoM kA nirmANa kevala bheda aura saMghAta ( ekatva aura pRthakRtva) se hI hotA hai / pudgalapariNAma ati vicitra aura asaMkhyAta prakAra kA hai / yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki asaMkhyAta yA ananta pudgala paramANuoM dvArA nirmita skandha dRSTigocara ho hI / mahAskandha bhI sUkSma hotA hai, vaha dikhAI nahIM detA / vAstava meM sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA pudgala dravya kI paryAyeM haiM / jaba pudgala skandha sUkSma paryAya rUpa pariNamana karate haiM to dikhAI nahIM dete aura jaba ve sthUla paryAya rUpa pariNamana karate haiM to dikhAI dene lagate haiM, dRSTigocara ho jAte haiM, cAkSuSa bana jAte haiM / eka udAharaNa leM / hAiDrojana eka gaisa haiM, oNksIjana bhI eka gaisa / yaha sAmAnyatayA dikhAI nahIM detI / kintu jaba hAiDrojana ke do aNu aura oNksIjana kA eka aNu milate haiM, paraspara kriyA karate haiM to pAnI bana kara dRSTigocara ho jAte haiM / zAstrIya bhASA meM ise yo kahA jA sakatA hai hAiDrojana aura oNksIjana ke rUpa meM pudgala sUkSma paryAyarUpa pariNamana kara rahe the / ve aba jala ke rUpa meM sthUla paryAyarUpa pariNamana karane lage haiM / Agama vacana - saddavvaM vA / bhagavatI, za. 8, u. 9, saptadadvAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 243 (dravya kA lakSaNa sat hai / ) mAuyANuoge (uppanne vA vigae vA dhuve vA) -sthAnAMga, sthAna 10 (utpanna hone vAle naSTa hone vAle, aura dhruva ko mAtRkAnuyoga kahate haiM / (aura vahI sat hai|) paramANupoggaleNaM bhaMte! kiM sAsae asAsae ? goyamA ! davaTyAe sAsae vannapajjavehi jAva phAsapajjatre hiM asAsae / - bhagavatI, za. 14, u. 4, sUtra 512 (bhagavana ! paramANu pudgala nitya hai athavA anitya ? ___ gautama ! dravyArthikanaya se nitya hai tathA varNaparyAyoM se lekara sparzaparyAyoM taka kI apekSA anitya haiM / ) (saMgati - bhagavatI, za. 7, u. 2, sUtra 274 meM isI prakAra kA praznottara jIva ke viSaya meM bhI kiyA gayA hai / ) sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo tadbhAva rUpa se avyava hai, so hI nitya hai / sUtrakAra kA Azaya yahA~ dravyoM se hai ki dravya nitya haiM / kintu Agama vAkya ne dravya ke nitya aura anitya donoM rUpoM ko spaSTa kara diyA hai / appitaNappite / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 10 sUtra 727 (jisako mukhya kare so arpita aura jisako gauNa kare so anarpita hai / ina donoM nayoM se vastu kI siddhi hotI hai / ) dravya (sat) kA vivecana - utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / 29 / tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / 30 / arpitAnarpitasiddheH / 31 / utpAda (utpatti, vyaya (vinAza) aura dhrauvya (sthiratA)-ina tInoM se yukta jo hotA hai, vaha sat hai / jo tadbhAva rUpa se avyaya arthAt tInoM kAla meM vinAzarahita ho, use nitya kahA jAtA hai / mukhya karane vAlI arpita (apekSAvizeSa) aura gauNa karanevAlI anarpita (apekSAntara) ina donoM se sat (vastu) kI siddhi hotI hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra 29-30-31 meM sat kA vivecana tathA isako siddha karane kI vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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244 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 29-30-31 sat kA lakSaNa - 'sat' zabda kA sIdhA sA artha hai / astitva (Beingness) sattA, maujUdagI, avasthiti / yahA~ sat kA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai jisameM utpatti, vinAza aura dhruvatA- tInoM guNa hoM, vahI sat hai / Agama vAkya 'uppAnei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA kA prastuta sUtra saMskRta rUpAntara jaisA hai / / - paramparA meM prasiddha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yahI tripadI gautama gaNadhara ko dI thI, jisase ve sat (tattva) ko bhalI-bhA~ti samajha gaye the / 'sat' zabda bhArata ke sabhI darzanoM meM pracalita hai kintu sabhI darzanakAroM ne ise bhinna-bhinna artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana AtmA Adi kucha sat tattvoM. ko kUTastha-nitya aura ghaTa-paTa Adi ko anitya kahatA hai (sAMkhyadarzana kI mAnyatA AtmA ke bAre meM kUTasthanitya kI hai aura prakRti ke viSaya meM nityAnitya kI / kUTastha kA abhiprAya hai pariNamanahInatA-dhruvatA / aupaniSidaka zAMkara mata vedAnta sirpha brahma ko hI nitya svIkAra karatA hai| usakA spaSTa AghoSa hai - brahma satyaM jagat mithyA / bauddha dArzanika kSaNikavAdI hai / unakA nityatva kevala dhArAkrama athavA saMtatikrama hai / / __kintu jaina darzana kI mAnyatA ina sabase bhinna hai / vaha sta ko pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai / pariNAmI nitya kA abhiprAya hai - parinamana hote hue-paryAyoM ke palaTate rahane para bhI vastu nitya hai, dhruva hai / __ isake lie udAharaNa diyA gayA hai - jaise sone ke kuNDala tur3avAkara hAra banavAyA jaanaa| kuNDala rUpa paryAya kA vinAza aura hAra paryAya kA utpAda hote hue bhI sone kI apekSA sonA nitya hai, dhruva hai / isa prakAra utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya kI prakriyA vastu athavA dravya meM niraMtara prati samaya calatI rahatI hai / aura vahI sat hai / tadbhAva kA abhiprAya - 'yaha vahI hai, jo pahale thA' isa prakAra kI anubhUti athavA pratibodha honA tadabhAva hai / ise sAdhAraNa aura bahupracalita zabda 'svabhAva' dvArA abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai / tadbhAva athavA svabhAva sadA dhruva rahatA hai, usakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA, vaha avyaya hai, sthira hai, sadAkAla rahane vAlA hai / / __ paryAyoM ke utpatti - vinAza hote rahane-palaTate rahane para bhI jo dravya For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 245 ko usake apane nijI rUpa meM banAye rakhatA hai, vaha tadbhAva athavA svabhAva hai, vastu kI dhruvatA hai aura isa kAraNa sat apane svabhAva se cyuta nahIM hotaa| __ arpita-anarpita kA artha hai mukhya (primary) aura gauNa (secondary) sthiti yaha hai ki sat anantadharmAtmaka hai / yadi usakA varNana kiyA jAe to eka samaya meM kisI eka dharma kA guNa kA, hI varNana saMbhava hai / - isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM ki vastu meM anya guNa yA dharma haiM hI nahIM athavA unakA niSedha kiyA jA rahA hai, apitu isakA abhiprAya yaha ki isa samaya jisakA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha guNa pradhAna (mukhya) haiM / aura zeSa samasta guNa isa samaya apradhAna (gauNa) haiM / ise eka udAharaNa se samajhe / kisI ne kahA- 'jaina saMta pUrNa ahiMsaka hote haiM ' isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki satya, asteya, brahmacarya Adi guNo kA niSedha kiyA jA rahA hai; apitu itanA hI hai ki isa samaya kathana-kartA kI dRSTi meM 'ahiMsaka guNa' kI pradhAnatA hai aura zeSa guNa usakI dRSTi meM isa samaya gauNa haiM / vastutaH arpita aura anarpita zabda,jainadarzana ke pramukha siddhAnta - syAdvAda, anekAntavAda, saptabhaMgI aura nayanAda' kI ora saMketa karatA hai, usake bIjarUpa meM yahA~ diyA gayA hai / sat yAnI vastu athavA dravya kI siddhi arpita (mukhyatva) aura anarpita (gauNatva) ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai / yaha jainadarzana kA mAnya siddhAnta hai, aura usI kA saMketa prastuta sUtra meM huA / Agama vacana - baMdhaNapariNAme duvihe paNNatte, taM jahANiddhabaMdhaNapariNAme, meM lukkhabaMdhaNapariNAme ya / samaNiddhayAe baMdho na hoti samalukkhayAevi Na hoti / vemAyaNiddhalukkhattaNeNa baMdo u khaMdhANaM // 1 // Niddhassa NiddheNa duyAhie NaM. lukkhassa lukkheNa duyAhieNaM / niddhassa lukkheNa uvei bandhoM, jahaNNavajjo visamo samo vaa|2| - prajJApanA, pariNAmapada 13, sUtra 185 1. syAdAda, saptabhaMgI, nayavAda kA vistRta varNana prathama adhyAya ke antima sUtra meM kiyA jA cukA hai / ataH yahAM punarAvRtti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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246 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 32-36 (bandhanapariNAma do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai; yathA- . snigdhabandhana pariNAma aura rUkSabandhana pariNAma | . samAna snigdhatA hone para bandhana nahIM hotA aura samAna rUkSatA hone para bhI bandhana nahIM hotA / skandhoM kA bandha snigdhatA aura rUkSatA kI mAtrA meM viSamatA hone para hI hotA hai| do guNa adhika hone se snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha baMdhana ho jAtA hai, tathA do guNa adhika hone se rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandhana ho jAtA h| snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandhana ho jAtA hai / kintu jaghanya guNa vAle kA viSama yA sama kisI ke sAtha bhI bandhana nahIM hotA / ) bandha ke hetu, apavAda Adi kA varNana snigdharUkSatvAd baMdhaH / 32 / na jaghanya guNAnAm / 33 / guNasAmye sadRzAnAm / 34 / , yAdhikaguNAnAm tu / 35 / baMdha samAdhiauM pAriNAmikau / 36 / (paramANuoM kA skandhoM kA) bandha snigdhatA (cikanAI) aura rUkSatA (rUkhepana) se hotA hai / jaghanya guNa (guNoM kA aMza) vAle paramANu meM bandha nahIM hotaa| guNoM ke (aMzoM ke) samAna hone para sadRzoM (snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha aura rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha) kA bandha nahIM hotA / kintu do guNa (aMza) adhika vAle Adi paramANuoM kA bandha hotA bandha avasthA meM sama aura adhika guNa (aMza) vAle pudgala sama tathA hIna guNa (aMza) vAle pudgaloM ko pariNamAte haiM / vivecana - sUtra 32 se 36 taka meM bandha kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bandha kI yogyatA pudgala dravya (paramANu evaM skandhoM) meM hotI hai / isalie yaha sampUrNa varNana pudgala se sambandhita hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 247 sUtra 32 meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba snigndha aura rUkSa pudgala paraspara spaSTa hote haiM- eka-dUsare kA sparza karate haiM, taba unameM paraspara bandha hotA hai yAnI donoM eka kSetrAvagAha ( ekameva ) ho jAte haiM / yaha bandha viSayaka sAmAnya kathana hai / sUtra 33 se 36 taka bandha ke apavAda tathA anya vizeSatAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 1 bandha ke spRSTa, spRSTabaddha Adi kaI bheda haiM / zithila, gAr3ha, pragAr3ha Adi rUpa se bhI bandha kaI prakAra kA hotA hai / pudgala ke ATha sparzo meM snigdha aura rUkSa do prakAra ke sparzo kA ullekha pichale sUtroM meM huA hai / bandha meM yaha donoM (sparza aura rUkSa) mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiM / dUsare zabda meM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha do bandha ke pramukha AdhAra hai / yahI sAmAnya saMketa sUtra 32 meM diyA gayA hai / sUtra 33 meM kahA gayA ki jina pudgaloM meM snigdhatA athavA rUkSatA kA jaghanya aMza hotA hai, unameM bandhana kI yogyatA nahIM hotI / isI kAraNa unakA bandha nahIM hotA / jaghanya kA abhiprAya jisa pudgala meM snigdhatA athavA rUkSatA kA eka avibhAgI praticcheda raha jAtA hai, vaha pudgala jaghanya guNavAlA kahA jAtA hai / - jaghanya guNa vAle aise pudgala meM paraspara bandhana kI kSamatA nahIM ho paato| isI kAraNa unakA bandhana nahIM hotA / kintu do guNa adhika guNa vAle pudgaloM kA paraspara bandha hotA hai / badha ke samaya jo adhika guNavAlA pudgala hotA hai, vaha hIna guNa vAle pudgala ko apane rUpa meM pariNamA letA hai, yAnI apane rUpa meM usakA parivartana kara letA hai, apane andara use samA letA hai / samAna guNa vAle pudgala jaba paraspara baddha hote haiM to ve paraspara ekadUsare ko apane-apane rUpa meM pariNamAte haiM / eka udAharaNa lIjie cAra snigdha guNa vAle pudgala kA tIna rUkSa guNa vAle pudagla ke sAtha bandha huA to snigdha guNavAlA pudgala rUkSa guNa vAle pudgala ko apane rUpa meM pariNamA legA, yAnI donoM ke sammilana se jo skandha banegA vaha snigdha guNapradhAna hogA / - For Personal & Private Use Only

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m 248 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 32-36 isIprakAra adhika rUkSa guNa vAle pudgala jaba kama snigdha guNa vAle pudgala ke sAtha bandhana kareMge to unase nirmita skandha meM rUkSa guNa pradhAna hogaa| kintu samAna rUkSa aura snigdha guNa vAle pudgala jaba paraspara bandhana ko prApta hote haiM to unase nirmita skandha kabhI rUkSaguNapradhAna hotA hai to kabhI snigdhaguNapradhAna aura kabhI-kabhI usa. skandha meM rUkSatA aura snigdhatA donoM hI samAna mAtrA meM hotI hai / bandha ke viSaya meM digambara aura zvetAmbara mAnyatA meM matabheda hai / jAnakArI ke lie hama donoM mAnyatAe~ de rahe haiM / __ bhASyavRtti (zvetAmbara) mAnyatA ke anusAra bandha guNa sadRza visadRza 1. jaghanya+jaghanya nahIM nahIM 2. jaghanya+ekAdhika nahIM hai / 3. jaghanya+dviadhika 4. jaghanya+tri-adhika 5. jaghanyetara+samajaghanyetara 6. jaghanyetara+ekAdhika jaghanyetara nahIM hai 7. jaghanyetara+dviadhika jaghanyetara 8. jaghanyetara+triadhika jaghanyetara. ____ sarvArthasiddhi-digambara paramparA ke anusAra bandha guNa sadRza visadRza 1. jaghanya+jaghanya nahIM nahIM 2. jaghanya+ekAdhika nahIM nahIM 3. jaghanya+dviadhika nahIM nahIM 4. jaghanya+tri-adhika nahIM nahIM 5. jaghanyetara+samajaghanyetara nahIM 6. jaghanyetara+ekAdhika jaghanyetara nahIM 7. jaghanyetara+dviadhika jaghanyetara 8. jaghanyetara+triadhika jaghanyetara nahIM nahIM Agama vacana - guNANamAsao davvaM egadavvassiyA guNA / lakkhaNaM pajjavANaM tu ubhao assiyA bhave // - uttarA. 28/6 to te thote 10101010101010 w For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 249 ( dravya guNoM ke Azrita hotA hai, guNa bhI eka dravya ke Azrita hote haiM / kintu paryAya dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azrita hotI hai| sArAMza yaha ki dravya meM guNa aura paryAya donoM hote haiM / ) dravya kA lakSaNa guNaparyAyavad dravyaM / 37 / ( dravya meM guNa aura paryAya hote haiM / ) vivecana E prastuta sUtra meM dravya kA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai ki dravya meM guNa aura paryAya donoM hote haiM / guNa zaktivizeSa ko kahate haiM aura bhAvAntara tathA saMjJAntara ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai / sAtha hI jisameM guNa aura paryAya donoM rahate haiM, vaha dravya kahalAtA hai I paryAyoM kI utpatti guNoM ke paraNimana se bhI hotI hai; jaise AtmA ke jJAna guNa ke pariNamana se matijJAna AdiM rUpa paryAyeM banatI hai / / vaise guNa dravya meM sadaiva rahate haiM, sahabhAvI hote haiM; yathA- AtmA ke jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi guNa paryAyeM kramabhAvI hotI hai / koI bhI eka paryAya dravya meM sadA kAla sthAyI nahIM rahatI; jaise AtmA kI krodha Adi kaSAya rUpa pariNati tathA paryAya / yaha cirasthAyI nahIM hai / 1 isI prakAra pudagala ke rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza guNa sthAyI hai, sahabhAvI hai kintu ghaTa, paTa Adi paryAyeM kramabhAvI hai, cirasthAyI nahIM hai, badalatI rahane vAlI hai / paryAyoM kI parivartanazIlatA kA ekAnta artha kSaNikavAditA samajhanA ucita nahIM hai / isameM nizcaya aura vyavahAra dRSTi se vibheda karanA apekSita 1 manuSya paryAya ko hI leM / eka jIva jaba se mAtA ke garbha meM AtA hai aura jaba taka mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai, usakI manuSya paryAya hotI hai / kintu isameM zizu avasthA, bAlyAvasthA, kizorAvasthA, taruNAvasthA, yuvApana, praur3hatA, vRddhatva Adi aneka paryAyeM palaTatI rahatI haiM / inheM avAntara paryAya athavA paryAya ke antargata paryAya kahA jAtA hai sAtha hI jIva kI siddha paryAya aisI paryAya hai jo eka bAra prApta hone para kabhI palaTatI nahIM, ananta kAla taka rahatI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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250 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 32-36 isa prakAra guNa aura paryAyoM kI vibhAjaka rekhA sthAyitva-asthAyitva nahIM hai, apitu sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI hai / dUsarI rekhA hai- utpatti kii| paryAyoM kI utpatti hotI hai, jo paryAya pahale nahIM thI, vaha utpanna ho jAtI hai, jabaki guNa naye utpanna nahIM hote, jitane dravya meM hote haiM, utane hI rahate haiM / * sAtha hI eka-eka guNa kI ananta paryAyeM sambhava hai / guNa bhI dravya meM ananta hote haiM, jIva kI apekSA | `kintu chadmastha ke jJAna meM sabhI guNa nahIM A pAte / AtmA ke jJAna - darzana - vIrya Adi kucha guNo ko hI vaha jAna pAtA hai / yaha saba varNana bheda dRSTi se hai; kintu abheda dRSTi se to dravya guNa paryAyAtmaka hI hai / Agama vacana chavvihe davve paNNatte, taM jahA dhammatthikAe, adhammatthikAe, AgAsatthikAe, jIvatthikAe, puggalatthikAe, addhAsamaye a, se ta davvaNA / - anuyogadvAra sUtra dravyaguNaparyAyanAma sUtra 124 ( dravya chaha prakAra ke kahe gaye haiN| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya pudgalAstikAya aura addhAsamaya (kAla) / ) bhagavatI, zataka 25 u. 5, sUtra 747 aNaMtA samayA / ( kAladravya meM ananta samaya hote hai / ) kAla kA varNana - - * - kAlazcetyeke / 38 | so'nantasamaya : / 39 / koI-koI AcArya kahate hai ki kAla bhI dravya hai / vaha (kAla) ananta samaya vAlA hai / vivecana prastuta do sUtroM me kAla kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / AgamoM meM kAla ke do rUpa batAye gaye haiM, (1) nizcayakAla aura (2) vyavahArakAla / vaha nizcaya kAla samaya ke rUpa meM ananta hai / isI AdhAra para sUtra meM kAla ko ananta samaya vAlA kahA hai / 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 251 vyavahAra kAla bhI samaya, AvalikA, ANapANa, muhUrta, dina, pakSa mAsa, saMvatsara Adi rUpa meM sAgara paryanta hai tathA usase bhI Age anantAnanta taka bhI kahA gayA hai / addhAsamaya (kAla) ke vyAvahArika rUpa se sUtra 25 meM batAye gaye kriyA, paratva, aparatva Adi kA vyavahAra hotA hai| 'dina-mAsa Adi ke vyavahAra kA AdhAra sUrya-candra kI gati hai / isI kAraNa ise manuSya kSetra taka hI pravartamAna mAnA gayA hai / kAla dravya hai yA nahIM, isa viSaya meM matabheda haiM / isI kAraNa sUtrakAra meM 'kAlazcetyeke' yaha sUtra diyA hai ki koI- . koI AcArya kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnate haiM / sUtrakAra isa vivAda meM nahI par3e ki kAla svatantra dravya hai yA nahIM ? unhoMne to kevala ullekha mAtra karake isa viSaya ko chor3a diyA / kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane vAle AcArya use (kAla ko) anya dravyoM kI pariNamana kriyA meM udAsIna sahAyaka mAnate haiM / jaise dharma aura adharma astikAya gati aura sthiti meM udAsIna sahAyaka kAraNa haiM, usI prakAra kAla bhI pariNamana meM udAsIna kAraNa hai / dUsarI bAta, kAla astikAya nahIM hai / kAla ke sUkSmatama antya aNu kAlANu haiM, jo ratna rAzivat paraspara svatantra haiM / jIva ke pradezoM tathA dharma, adharma aura AkAza ke pradezoM kI bhA~ti paraspara sambaddha nahIM hai / yaha kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane vAloM kI mAnyatA hai / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM kAla (addhA samaya) chaThA dravya mAnA gayA hai / Agama vacana - davvassiyA guNA / - uttarA. 28/6 (guNa dravya ke Azraya hote haiM / ) duvihe pariNAme paNNatte, taM jahAjIvapariNAme ya ajIvapariNAme ya / - prajJApanA, pariNAma pada 13, sUtra 181 pariNAmo hyarthAntaragamanaM na ca sarvathA vyavasthAnAm / na ca sarvathA vinAzaH prinnaamstdvidaamissttH|| (iti vRttikAra) (pariNAma do prakAra kA hotA hai- jIvapariNAma, ajiivprinnaam|) For Personal & Private Use Only

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252 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 40-44 - vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki- eka artha se dusare artha meM prApta hone ko pariNAma kahate haiM / saba prakAra se dUsarA rUpa bhI nahIM ho jAtA aura na saba prakAra se prathama rUpa naSTa hI hotA hai, use pariNAma kahate haiM / guNa aura pariNAma kA svarUpa tathA bheda aura vibhAga - dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH / 40 / tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH / 41 / .. anAdirAdimAMzca / 42 / ... rUpiSvAdimAn / 43 / yogopayogau jIveSu / 44 / guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM; kintu ve (guNa) svayaM nirguNa hote haiM, yAnI guNoM ke Azrita guNa nahIM rahate / ___ usakA bhAva (pariNamana) pariNAma hai arthAt svarUpa meM rahate hue eka artha se dUsare artha meM prApta honA pariNAma hai / / vaha do prakAra kA hai - (1) anAdi aura sAdi (aadimaan)| ___ rUpI padArthoM - (pudgaloM meM vaha) sAdi hai / jIvoM meM yoga aura upayoga anAdi hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtro meM guNo tathA pariNamana (paryAyoM) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sUtra 40 meM Azraya zabda AdhAra ke lie prayukta nahIM huA hai / isakA saMketa pariNAmI kI ora haiM / dravya pariNAmI hai, vaha pariNamana karatA hai / guNa usa pariNAmI dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM, kintu guNoM ke Azrita guNa nahIM rahate; isa dRSTi se guNa svayaM nirguNa yAnI anya guNavihIna hote haiM / ___ yadi guNoM ke Azraya meM guNa rahate lageM taba to bar3I avyavasthA ho jAyegI / jIva ke jJAna guNa meM darzana, cAritra, astitva, vastutva Adi anya guNa bhI praveza pA jAyeMge / aisI dazA meM dravya apane svarUpa meM hI nahIM raha sakegA / isIlie dravya kI yaha svAbhAvika vyavasthA hai ki usake Azrita to ananta guNa rahate haiM kintu una guNoM ke Azrita anya guNa nahIM rahate / dravya ke sabhI guNa svataMtra hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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ajIva tattva varNana 253 isa dravya ke bhAva ko-svatattva ko pariNAma kahA jAtA hai / pariNAma kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki apane svarUpa kA tyAga na karate hue eka avasthA se dUsarI avasthA ko prApta honA / ise sAdhAraNa zabdoM meM payArya kahA jA sakatA hai / jaise dravya meM uttara paryAya kA utpAda aura pUrvaparyAya kA vinAza hotA rahatA hai kintu dravya phira bhI apane svarUpa meM rahatA hai, usake svarUpa kA na vinAza hotA hai aura na hI usameM parivartana hotA hai, usakA sthiratva jyoM kA tyoM lagAtAra trikAlavyApI rahatA hai / yahI bAta pariNAma ke bAre meM haiN| vaha pariNAma AdimAna aura anAdimAna kI vivakSA se do prakAra kA anAdi kA abhiprAya hai -sahaja, svAbhAvika rUpa meM sadA se hone vAlA aura sadA hotA rahane vAlA pariNAma / aisA pariNAma dharma, adharma aura AkAza astikAya meM hotA rahatA hai / ___ jIva aura pudgala meM anAdi aura AdimAna donoM prakAra ke pariNAma hote haiM / astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva Adi rUpa pariNAma to ina donoM dravyoM meM anAdi haiM / kintu pudgala meM sparza, rasa, varNa, gandha ke uttarabhedoM kI apekSA AdimAna pariNAma hai aura yoga tathA upayoga kI apekSA jIva meM bhI AdimAna pariNAma haiM / . . ATha prakAra ke sparza, pA~ca prakAra ke rasa, pA~ca prakAra ke varNa, do prakAra ke gandha- inake taratama bhAva ke anusAra asaMkhyAta bheda hote haiM, ve saba AdimAna pariNAma haiM, kyoMki ve anAdi se nahIM hai / jIva ke sAta prakAra ke audArika, AhAraka Adi kAya yoga, cAra prakAra ke vacanayoga aura cAra prakAra ke manoyoga bhI AdimAna hai; kyoMki yaha bhI sahaja, svAbhAvika aura anAdi nahIM hai / isI prakAra matijJAna Adi ATha prakAra kA jJAnopayoga aura cakSu darzana Adi cAra prakAra kA darzanopayoga bhI AdimAna hai / yaha sabhI AtmA athavA jIva ke AdimAna pariNAma hai, isakA kAraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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254 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 5 : sUtra 40-44 yaha hai ki jIva kA isa prakAra kA pariNamana athavA pariNAma hotA huA anubhava meM AtA hai / vizeSa yoga do prakAra kA hotA hai- 1. bhAvayoga aura 2. dravyayoga / bhAvayoga AtmA kI viziSTa zakti (yoga zakti) hai aura mana-vacana-kAya ke nimitta se jo Atma- pradezoM meM parispandana hotA hai, use dravyayoga kahA jAtA hai / prastuta sUtra 44 meM yoga se dravyayoga samajhanA cAhie / - * * * For Personal & Private Use Only

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chaThA adhyAya Astrava tattva vicAraNA (INFLOW OF KARMIC MATTER) upodghAta prathama adhyAya meM samyagdarzana - jJAna kA varNana huA, dUsare se cauthe adhyAya taka sAta tatvoM meM se prathama jIva tatva kA vivecana kiyA gayA aura pAMcaveM adhyAya meM ajIva tatva kA pUrNa vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai I aba prastuta chaThe adhyAya meM Astrava tatva kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai / Astrava ke bheda-prabheda, IyApathika, sAMparAyika Astrava, AstravoM ke kAraNa-mana-vacana-kAyA ke yoga, Astrava ke adhikaraNa, jJAnavaraNa Adi ATha karmoM ke hetubhUta AstravoM kA varNana prastuta adhyAya meM hai / Agama vacana tivihe joe paNNatte, taM jahA maNajoe, vaijoe, kAyajoye / - bhagavatI, za.16, u.1, sUtra564 ( yoga tIna prakAra kA hotA hai (1) manoyoga, (2) vacanayoga, (3) kAyayoga 1 ) yoga ke bheda 1 ---- kAyavAG : manaHkarma yogaH |1| kAya vacana aura mana kI kriyA ( pravRtti) yoga hai / vivecana - zarIra, vacana aura mana jaba sakriya hote haiM, arthAt pravRtti - unmukha hote haiM, taba AtmA ke pradezoM meM jo spandana - kampana hotA hai, vaha yoga kahalAtA hai / vaha yoga nimitta kI dRSTi se tIna prakAra kA hai- 1. manoyoga, 2. vacanayoga aura 3. kAyayoga / yogoM kA arthAt Atma- pradezoM ke kampana kA Antarika kAraNa hai vIryAntarAyakarma aura zarIranAmakarma Adi kA kSayopazana / For Personal & Private Use Only

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256 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 1-2 vIryAntarAyakarma ke kSayopazama tathA zarIranAmakarma kI vargaNAoM ke nimitta se Atma-pradezoM meM kampana honA kAyayoga hai / isI prakAra vIryAntarAyakarma tathA matyakSarAdi jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se prApta huI vAglabdhi ke kAraNa jaba jIva vacana bolane ko uddata hotA hai, usa samaya kA Atma-pradezoM kA kampana vacanayoga hai / aise hI vIryAntarAyakarma tathA anindriyAvaraNa karma se prApta huI manolabdhi se manana rUpa kriyA karane ko jaba jIva udyata hotA hai taba vaha manoyoga kahalAtA hai / vyavahAra meM mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti hI mana-vacana-kAya yoga kahI jAtI hai / chadgastha ke yaha yoga kSayopazamajanya haiM / kintu kevalI meM jo yoga kA sadbhAva hai, vaha kSAyika bhAva kI apekSA haiM, kyoMkI vahA~ jJAnAvaraNIya, antarAya, sAtha hI darzanAvaraNIya aura mohanIya kA pUrNa rUpa se kSaya ho cukA hai| isa kAraNa kevalI bhagavAna vacana, kAya yoga kI kriyA karane ko udyata nahIM hote, yaha kriyAe~ unake sahaja hI hotI haiM, (jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke saMpUrNa kSaya se unakA bhAvamana AtmA ke jJAna guNa meM vilIna ho jAtA hai, ataH bhAvamana na rahane kI apekSA manoyoga saMbaMdhI kriyA bhI nahIM hotI ) jabaki chadmastha jIva kSAyopazamika bhAva ke kAraNa udyata hotA hai / yahI kevalI aura chadmastha ke yoga meM antara hai / zailezI avasthA prApta kevalI bhagavAna to ayogI haiM hI; unake kisI bhI yoga kA sadbhAva nahIM hai / ) I Agama vacana - paMca AsavadArA paNNatA, taM jahA ( 1 ) micchataM ( 2 ) avirai ( 3 ) pamAyA, ( 4 ) kasAyA ( 6 ) jogA / - samavAyAMga, samavAya 5 ( AstravadvAra pA~ca hote haiM - ( 1 ) mithyAtva, ( 2 ) avirati, (3) pramAda, ( 4 ) kaSAya aura ( 5 ) yoga / ) Astrava kA lakSaNa sa AstravaH |2| vaha (yoga hI) Astrava hai / vivecana- 'Astrava' kA zabdArtha hai, bahate hue kisI padArtha-drava Adi For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asa tattva vicAraNA 257 kA AnA-Agamana honA / jisa prakAra jharokhe (khir3akI) se vAyu aura nAlI se bahatA haA jala AtA hai, usI prakAra mana, vacana, kAya-ina tInoM yogoM se (athavA kisI eka, yA do se bhI) karmavargaNAoM kA AnA, Astrava Astrava ko aMgrejI meM Inflow of Karmic Matter kahA jA sakatA hai| vizeSa - Agama meM mithyAtva Adi pA~ca Astrava batAye gaye haiM-ve vizeSa athavA bheda kI apekSA se haiM / yaha satya hai ki chadrastha jIva kA Astrava mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-ina pA~ca rupoM meM hotA hai, athavA apanI-apanI bhUmikA ke anusAra 4,3,2 aura 1 ke rupa meM bhI hotA hai / kintu yahA~ jo Astrava kA eka hI hetu svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vaha sAmAnya kathana hai / yaha Astrava-yAnI yogarupa Astrava chadrastha aura kevalI (sayogI kevalI) sabhI ko hotA hai / . puNNaM pAAvasavo taha. / - uttarA0 28/14 (vaha Astrava do prakAra kA hai-1. puNyAstrava tathA 2. pApAstrava / ) Astrava ke do bheda zubhaH puNyasya / 3 / azubhaH pApasya / 4 / zubhayoga puNya kA Astrava hai / azubhayoga pApa kA Astrava hai| vivecana - yoga ke ye donoM bheda svarupa kI apekSA se haiN| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki zubha uddezya se kI gaI pravRtti-yoga se puNya kA Astrava hotA hai aura azubha uddezyayukta pravRttI-yoga se pApa kA / sAmAnyataH zubhayoga athavA puNya Astrava nau prakAra se hotA hai(1) annapuNya - bhUkhe ko bhojana se tRpta krnaa| (2) pAnapuNya - pyAse praNiyoM kI pyAsa zAMta karanA / (3) zayanapuNya - thake hue prANiyoM ko makAna Adi Azraya dekara unakI sahAyatA karanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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258 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 3-4-5 (4) layanapuNya pATa-pATalA Adi Asana denA / .. (5) vastrapuNya vastra Adi dekara sardI-garmI se rakSA karanA / hRdaya se sabhI prANiyoM ke sukha kI bhAvanA karanA / (6) manaHpuNya (7) vacanapuNya (8) kAyapuNya zarIra se sevA Adi zubha kArya karanA / nirdoSa madhura zabdoM se dUsaroM ko sukha phuNcaanaa| - - - - (9) namaskAra puNya namratAyukta vyavahAra karanA / ye sabhI zubha kriyAe~ sAdhAraNa vyakti, prANI mAtra ke sAtha kI jAne para to sAdhAraNa puNya kA upArjana karAtI haiM aura jaba zramaNa - zramaNI Adi uttama cAritrI ke prati kI jAtI haiM taba vizeSa puNya kA baMdha hotA hai / azubhayoga 18 haiM, jinheM pApasthAnaka bhI kahate haiM - - (1) prANAtipAta, (2) mRSAvAda, (3) adattAdana, (4) maithuna, (5) parigraha, (6) krodha, (7) mAna, (8) mAyA, (9) lobha, (10) rAga, (11) dveSa, (12) kalaha, (13) abhyAkhyAna, (14) paizunya, (15) paraparivAda, (16) rati - arati, (17) mAyAmRSAvAda aura (18) mithyAdarzana zalya / yaha 18 azubhayoga pApa ke kAraNa haiM, isalie pApa haiM / - yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki yoga svayaM baMdha nahIM karate, apitu yaha baMdha ke hetu haiM nimitta haiM, kAraNa haiM / vAstava maiM 'baMdha' jise kahA jAnA cAhie vaha to kaSAyoM Adi se hotA hai / Agama vacana jassa NaM ko hamANamAyAlobhA vocchinnA bhavanti tassa NaM iriyAvahiyA kiriyA kajjaNai no saMparAiyA kiriyA kajjai / jassa NaM kohamANamAyAlobhA avocchinnA bhavanti tassa NaM saMparAiyakiriyA kajjai no iriyAvahiyA / bhagavati, za. 7, u. 1, sUtra 267 ( jisake krodha - mAna-mAyA - lobha naSTa ho jAte haiM usake IryApathikA kriyA hotI hai, usake sAmparAyika kriyA nahIM hotI / kintu jisake krodha - mAna-mAyA - lobha naSTa nahIM hote usake sAmparAyika (Astrava) hotI hai, kriyA IryApathikA nahIM kriyA hotI / ) kriyA kI apekSA Astrava ke bheda sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyike ryApathayoH | 5 | For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asa tattva vicAraNA 259 vaha (yoga) kaSAyasahita aura kaSAyarahita hotA hai tathA kaSAya sahita sAMparAyika hai aura kaSAya rahita IryApathika kahA jAtA hai / vivecana prastuta sUtra meM 'kaSAya' zabda mahattavapUrNa hai / 'kaSAya' zabda kA nirvacana vibhinna AcAryoM ne koI prakAra se kiyA hai / inameM se do pramukha haiM prathama hai 'kaSati iti kaSAyaH / ' jo AtmA ko kase, usake guNoM kA ghAta kare, vaha kaSAya hai / aura dUsarA hai - 'karSati iti kaSAyaH' arthAt jo saMsAra rupI kRSi ko bar3hAye, janma-maraNa kI, nAnA duHkhoM kI, cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa kI phasala ko bar3hAye, AtmA ko saMsAra ke bandhanoM meM jakar3e rakhe, vaha kaSAya hai / - 'kaSAya' geruA raMga ko bhI kahate haiM adhyAtma kI bhASA meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi AvegoM se yukta mana kI sthitI, vRtti ko 'kaSAya' kahA gayA hai / - kaSayoM sahita jo jIva haiM unakA Astrava sAMparAyika Astrava kahalAtA hai arthAt unake mana-vacana-kAya yogoM kI kriyAe~ saMsAra bandhana ko bar3hAne vAlI, usa bandhana ko char3ha karane vAlI tathA AtmA ko parAjita karane vAlI haiM / aura z2ina jIvoM ke kaSAya naSTa ho cuke haiM, jo vItarAga haiM unakI gamanAgamanAdi (IryA) vANI vagairaha sabhI kriyAe~ IryApathikI haiM / yaha saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAlI nahIM hai / isa sUtra kA hArda yaha hai kI kaSAyayukta AtmA mana-vacana-kAyayoga dvArA jo karma bandha karatI hai vaha kaSAya kI tIvratA - mandatA ke anusAra adhika yA alpasthiti vAlA hotA hai kintu kaSAyayukta AtmAe~ tInoM yoga-pravRtti se jo karma bandha karatI haiM, vaha mAtra eka samaya kI sthitI vAlA- - IryApathika bandha hotA hai / Agama vacana paNNatA........ paMcindiyA paNNattA..... cattAri kasAyA paNNattA... . paMcavisA kiriyA paNNatA...... / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u01, sUtra 60 (indriyA~ pA~ca hotI haiM, kaSAya cAra haiM avirati pA~ca haiM aura kriyAe~ paccIsa hotI haiM (yaha prathama sAMparAyika Astrava ke bheda haiM / ) ...... paMca aviraya For Personal & Private Use Only

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260 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 6 sAMparAyika Astrava ke bheda avratakaSAyondriyakriyAH paMcacatuHpaMcapaMcavizatisaMkhyA pUrvasya bhedAH |6| pUrva (sAMparAyika Astrava) ke avrata, kaSAya, indriya aura kriyA ye (cAra) bheda haiM tathA kramAnusAra inakI saMkhyA pA~ca, cAra, pA~ca aura paccIsa hai / ) vivecana sAMparAyika karma ke bandhahetu hI sAMparAyika Astrava haiM / vastutaH Astrava aura bandha meM kAraNa kArya kA sambandha haiM / yaha sambandha anvayavyatireka rUpa hai arthAt jahA~ Astrava hogA vahA~ bandha bhI avazya hogA / hA~, itanA bheda avazya hai ki sirpha yoga rupa bandhahetu dvArA bandha mAtra eka samaya kA hI hotA hai (sayogI kevalI kI apekSA se) aura yadi kaSAya bhI vidyamAna hoM to dIrghakAlIna tathA kaTuka - madhura phala dene vAlA bandha hotA hai (chadmastha jIva kI apekSA se ) / yahA~ sakaSAya athavA sAMparAyika bandhahetuoM (AstravoM) ke bheda ginAye gaye hai / 1. avratarupa bandhahetu athavA Astrava 5 haiM - (1) hisA (2) asatya, (3) corI ( 4 ) abrahma aura ( 5 ) parigraha se virati na honA avrata hai / ina bhAvoM se hone vAlA, arthAt avirati se hone vAlA Astrava 5 prakAra kA hai| kaSAya 4 haiM - (1) krodha (2) mAna (3) mAyA (4) lobha / inake kAraNa hone vAlA Astrava kaSAyAstrava kahalAtA hai aura yaha cAra prakAra kA hai / indriya se abhiprAya yahA~ indriya-viSayoM se hai / indriya-viSayoM meM rAga-dveSarupa AtmA kI pravRtti hI Astrava (bhAvAstrava) hai aura isI kAraNa karmavargaNAoM kA Agamana hotA hai / indriyA~ pA~ca haiM, - (1) sparzana (2) rasanA (3) ghrANa (4) cakSu aura (5) zrotra / ina indriyoM se hone vAlA Astrava bhI 5 prakAra kA hai / kriyA - karmabandha kI kAraNabhUta mana-vacana-kAya kI ceSTA ko kriyA kahA jAtA hai / kriyAe~ 1 25 haiM / unake nAma tathA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai kriyAoM ke yaha nAma tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra haiN| Age pRSTha 264 kI tAlikA meM Agamotka aura tattvArthasUtroka kriyAeM de dI gaI haiM / Agama ke anusAra samyaktva kriyA nahIM, saMvara 1 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asa tattva vicAraNA 261 (1) samyaktva kriyA- samyaktva kA poSaNa karane vAlI kriyAe~ / jaise-deva-vandana, garuvandana, japa aadi| ina dhArmika/dharma sambandhI kriyAoM se puNya prakRtiyoM kA bandha hotA hai, unameM rasa par3atA hai / __(2) mithyAtvakriyA- mithyAttava ko bar3hAne vAlI kuguru Adi kI sevA / (3) prayogakriyA- gamanAgamana Adi kaSAya bhAvayukta zArIrika kriyaaeN| (4) samAdAnakriyA - tyAga-patha apanAne para bhI bhogoM kI Ara ruci| (5) IryApathikIkriyA - kaSAya vimukta vacana aura kAya kI prvRtti| (6) kAyikI kriyA - duSTabhAva yukta zArIrIka prayAsa athavA ceSTA / (7) AdhikaraNikIkri yA- zastroM Adi hiMsaka sAdhanoM ko grahaNa karanA / (8) prAdveSikIkriyA- yaha kriyA krodha ke Aveza meM hotI hai / (9) pAritApanikIkriyA- prANiyoM ko pAritApa-saMtApa dene vAlI / (10)prANAtipAtikIkriyA - hiMsA arthAta prANiyoM ke prANaghAta kI kriyA / (11) darzanakriyA- rAgayukta hokara ramaNIya dRzyoM ko dekhane kA bhaav| (12) sparzanakriyA- sparzana yogya vastu ko sparza karane kI abhilaassaa| (13) prAtyayikIkriyA - prANighAta karane meM sakSama naye-naye upakaraNoM ke nirmANa athavA unheM grahaNa karane, kharIdane kI ceSTA athavA prayAsa krnaa| (14) samaMtAnupAtanakriyA - jahA~ strI-puruSa uThate-baiThate hoM athavA unakA nirbAdha gamanAnugamana hotA ho, vahA~ mala-mUtra tyAganA / (15) anAbhogakriyA- binA dekhI tathA svaccha kI gaI bhUmi para zarIra Adi rakhanA / .. (16) svahastakriyA- jo kriyA dUsaroM ke dvArA kI jAne yogya ho, use svayaM apane hAtha se kara lenA / (17) nisargakriyA - dUsaroM ko pApa pravRttI ke lie utsAhita karanA athavA Alasya ke kAraNa svayaM prazasta kriyA na karanA / (18) vidAraNakriyA -kisI ke dvArA Acarita pApa ko pragaTa kara denA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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262 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 6 (19) AnayanakriyA- Avazyaka Adi ke viSaya meM arihaMta bhagavAna kI jaisI AjJA hai, usase anyathA nirupaNa karanA / sarvArthasiddhikAra ne isakA nAma 'AjJAvyApAdanika kriyA' diyA hai / (20) anAkAMkSAkriyA- Alasya tathA dhUrtatA athavA mUrkhatA ke kAraNa Agamokta vidhI meM anAdara karanA / (21) ArambhakriyA-chedana-bhedana Adi hiMsA kriyA meM svayaM rata rahanA aura dUsaroM kI aisI kriyAoM ko dekhakara harSita honA / / (22) parigrahakriyA- parigraha meM mamatvapUrNa vRtti-pravRtti rakhanA / ise viSaya athavA parigraha saMrakSiNi kriyA bhI kaha sakate haiM / (23) mAyA kriyA- jJAna-darzana-cAritra Adi meM vaMcanA kapaTa karanA isake do rupa hote haiM- prathama to svayaM apane ko ThaganA, yAnI kujJAna, kudarzana, kucAritra ko samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra samajhanA; aura dusarA jJAna-darzanacAritra kI sAdhanA kA dikhAvA DhoMga karake anya bhole logoM ko tthgnaa| (24) mithyAdarzanakriyA - mithyAtvI jIvoM kI mithyAtva sambandhI kriyAoM kI prazaMsA karake use aura bar3ha karanA / jaise-koI vyakti bhairo, bhavAnI, vizvakarmA Adi devoM kI pUjA karatA hai to yaha kahanA ki - yaha zaktizAlI aura camatkArI devI-devatA haiM, inakI pUjA tuma karate ho, vaha ThIka hI hai Adi / (25) apratyAkhyAnakriyA- saMyamaghAtI pApakriyAoM kA tyAga na karanA / ina paccIsa kriyAoM meM se kevala 'IryApathikI kriyA' hI bandha kA hetu nahIM hai zeSa sabhI kriyAe~ kaSAya kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa sAMparAyika kriyAe~ hI haiN| uttarAdhyayana (31/12) meM bhI teraha kriyAsthAna batAye gaye haiM aura yahI 13 kriyAsthAna sUtrakRtAMga (zru0 2, a0 2) meM batAye gaye hai; kintu vahA~ inheM 'daNDa' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / ve teraha sthAna yaha haiM (1) arthakriyA (daNDa)- prayojana se hone vAlA pApAcaraNa / (2) anarthakriyA- bina prayojana kiyA jAne vAlA pApAcaraNa / (3) akasmAt kriyA - kisI ko daNDa dene kI icchA ho aura acAnaka kisI anya ko daNDa mila jAe / jaise-corI kI Adata ko sudhArane ke lie pitA apane putra ko thappar3a mAratA he taba acAnaka hI mAtA use bacAne bIca meM A jAtI hai to usako coTa laga jAtI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asa tattva vicAraNA 263 (4) dRSTiviparyAsa - bhramavaza niraparAdhI ko aparAdhI samajhakara mAra denA athavA mitra ko zatru samajhakara mAra denA / / (5) hiMsApratyayikakriyA (daNDa)- hiMsA ke bhaya se hiMsA krnaa| jaise-yaha sarpa mujhe Dasa na le isa AzaMkA se sarpa ko mAra denA / / (6) mRSApratyayika - apane aura dUsaroM ke lie jhUTha bolanA / (7) adattAdAnaprayayika - apane athavA dUsaroM ke lie corI karanA (8) adhyAtmapratyayika - mana meM hone vAlI zokAdi kriyA / (9) mAnapratyayika - ATha madoM ke vazIbhUta hokara anya vyaktiyoM kI niMdA, apamAna karanA, unheM apane se hIna samajhanA / (10) mAyApratyayika - dUsaroM ko ThaganA, apane doSoM ko chipAnA aura anya ke doSoM ko prakaTa karanA / kapaTapUrNa vyavahAra karanA / (11) mitrapratyayika - apane mitroM, Azrita janoM, parivArI aura svajanoM ko bhI choTe aparAdha ke lie kaThora daNDa denA / (12) lobhapratyayika - bhogopabhoga sAmagrI, strI-putra-dhana Adi parigraha kI rakSA ke lie, saMcita rakhane ke lie kaha denA ki mere pAsa kyA hai, amuka ke pAsa adhika dhana hai,, sundara strI hai, yuvA putrI hai aadi| yadyapi yaha kathana satya bhI ho sakatA hai kintu lobha ke vazIbhUta bolA gayA hai ataH pApa hai| (13) IryApathika - ukta bAraha kriyAoM kA tyAga karake zuddha saMyama kA pAlana karate hue gamanAgamana Adi sabhI kriyAe~ karanA / uttarAdhyayana aura sUtrakRtAMga meM batalAI gaI ina teraha kriyA (kriyAsthAna athavA daNDasthAna) kA antarbhAva prastuta sUtra meM batAI gaI paccIsa kriyAoM meM saralatA se ho jAtA hai / 1 isa prakAra sUtrokta sAMparAyika Astrava ke kula bheda (avrata 5, kaSAya 4, indriya 5 aura kriyA 25(5+4+5+25) 39 haiM / kriyAoM ke artha-paribhASA tathA krama meM AgamoM kI tulanA meM tattvArthasUtra svopajJa bhASya evaM tattvArthavArtika meM antara hai / isa antara kA mukhya kAraNa guru paramparAgata dhAraNA evaM deza-kAla kI paristhiti ho sakatA hai / yaha sampUrNa carcA bahuta vistRta hai ataH yahA~ mUla tattvArtha bhASya ke anusAra hI artha va krama rakhA gayA hai / tulanA ke lie saMlagna tAlikA dekheM -sampAdaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 6 kriyA (karmabaMdha kI kAraNa ceSTA athavA yoga vyApAra vizeSa ) tattvArthasUtra (ThANAMga, pannavaNA) sthAna 2, pada 22 sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana (2/2) (31/12). 1 kAyikI 2 AdhikaraNikI 3 prAdveSikI 4 pAritApanikI 5 prANatipAtikI 1 ArambhikI 2 pArigrahikI 3 mAyApratyayA 4 apratyAkhyAnikI 5 mithyAdarzanapratyayA 1 ddaSTijA 2 sparzajA 3 prAtItyikI 1 arthakriyA (daNDa) . 2 anarthakriyA (daNDa) 3 hiMsApratyayika 4 akasmAta 5 dRSTiviparyAsa 6 mRSApratyayika 7 adattAdAnapratyayika 8 adhyAtma (mana) pratyayika 9 mAnapratyayika 10 mitradoSapratyayika 11 mAyApratyayika 12 lobhapratyayika 13 IryApathikI 1 samyaktvakriyA . 2 mithyAtvakriyA 3 prayogakriyA 4 samAdAnakriyA 5 IryApathikI . 6 kAyikI 7 AdhikaraNikI 8 prAdveSikA 9 pAritApAnikI. 10 prANAtipAtikI 11 darzanakriyA 12 sparzanakriyA 13 prAtyayikI 14 samaMtAnupAtana 15 anAbhogakriyA 16 svahastakriyA 17 nisargakriyA 18 vidAraNakriyA 19 AnayanakriyA 20 anAkAMkSAkriyA 21 ArambhakriyA 22 parigrahakriyA 23 mAyAkriyA 24 mithyAdarzanakriyA 25 apratyAkhyAnakriyA 4 sAmAntopAnipAtikI 5 svAhastikI 1 naisuSTikI 2 AjJApanikA 3 vaidAriNI 4 anAbhogapratyayA 5 anavakAMkSapratyayA 1 premapratyayA 2 dveSapratyayA 3 prAyogikI 4 sAmudAnikI 5 IryApathikI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 265 kucha zAstroM meM ina 39 bhedoM meM 3 yogoM (mana, vacana, kAya yoga) ko sammilita karake 42 bheda bhI Asrava ke mAne haiM / Asrava ke 20 bheda prasiddha haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM - (1-5) pA~ca Asrava (mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda, kaSAya, yoga) (6-10) pA~ca avrata (hiMsA, asatya, caurI, abrahma, parigraha) (11-15), pA~ca indriyoM kA saMyama na rkhnaa| (16-18) tIna yoga (mana, vacana, kAya yoga) (19) bhANDa upakaraNa Adi apanA sAmAna ayatanA se uThAnA-rakhanA (20) sUcIkuzAgra (suI-darbha) Adi vastuoM ko ayatanA se lenA aura rakhanA / _isa prakAra AsravoM ke vibhinna apekSAoM ke kaI bheda haiM; kintu ve sabhI prastuta sUtra meM batAye gaye bhedoM kA saMkSepa athavA vistAra mAtra hai / una bhedoM kA pramukha kAraNa apekSA haiM, svarUpagata nahIM / Agama vacana - je keI khuddakA pANA, aduvAM saMti mahAlayA / sarisaM tehi veraMti asarisaM tiyaNo vade / / eehiM dohiM ThANe hiM vavahAro Na vijaI / eehiM dohiM ThANe hiM, aNAyAraM tu jANae // . - sUtrakRtAMga, zrR. 2, a. 5, gAthA 6-7 (karmabandhastha kAraNaM apitu vadhaka sya tIvra bhAvoM maMdabhAvoM jJAnabhAvo' jJAtabhAvo mahAvIryatvamalpavIryatvaM cetyedapi / - zIlAMkavRtti ((isa saMsAra meM) jo (ekendriyAdi) choTe jIvahai athavA jo mahAkAya (hAthI, U~Ta, manuSya Adi) prANI haiM, ina donoM prakAra ke prANiyoM (kI hiMsA se, donoM) ke sAtha samAnahI vaira hotA hai athavA samAna vaira nahIM hotA; aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie / __ kyoMki ina donoM (samAna vaira hotA hai, athavA samAna vaira nahIM hotA) ekAnta vacanoM se vyavahAra nahIM calatA ataH ina donoM ekAnta vacanoM ko anAcAra jAnanA cAhie / karmabandha.kA kAraNa vadha karane vAle ke tIvrabhAva, maMdabhAva, jJAtabhAva, ajJAtabhAva, mahAvIryatva aura alpavIryatva haiM / ) Asrava meM vizeSatA ke kAraNa - tIvramaMdajJAtAjJAtabhAvavIryAdhikaraNa vizeSebhyastadvizeSa : 17 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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266 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 7 Asrava meM vizeSatA tIvrabhAva, maMdabhAva, jJAtabhAva, ajJAtabhAva, vIrya aura adhikaraNa kI vizeSatA se hotI hai / vivecana - yahA~ vizeSatA kA abhiprAya nyUnAdhikatA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai tIvrabhAva Adi 6 kAraNoM se Astrava adhika yA kama hotA hai / pUrva sUtra meM batAye gaye 39 Astrava bhedoM ke vidyamAna rahate hue bhI isa sUtra meM batAye gaye 6 kAraNoM se Astrava (karmavargaNAoM ke Agamana) meM nyUnAdhikatA ( kamI - vezI) ho jAtI hai / tIvrakaSAyoM sahita pariNAma (bhAva) tIvrabhAva kahalAte haiM aura kaSAyoM kI maMdatA se prabhAvita jIva ke pariNAma maMdabhAva / isI prakAra jAnabUjhakara dekhate - bhAlate bhI hiMsAdi pApAsrava jJAtabhAva hai; udAharaNArtha, kIr3I Adi ke samUha para dekhakara bhI paira rakhakara nikala jAnA / aura anajAna meM binA dekhe, asAvadhAnIvaza paira par3a jAnA ajJAta bhAva hai / vIrya kA abhiprAya zakti athavA bala hai / isa apekSA se zaktizAlI (mahAvIrya) prANI kA Asava adhika hotA tathA azakta (alpavIrya) kA kama / - 1 vizeSa zaktizAlI puruSa kA Asrava aura baMdha adhika hotA hai to vIryazakti kI vizeSatA se usakI saMvara aura nirjarA bhI vipula parimANa meM hotI hai / isIlie kahA gayA hai je kamme sUrA te dhamme sUrA jo karma ke upArjana meM zUravIra haiM ve dharma-karaNI meM bhI zUravIra hote haiM / jaise arjuna - mAlI ne 1141 vyaktiyoM kI nRzaMsa hatyA dvArA upArjita pApa tathA anya sabhI saMcita karmoM kA chaha mAsa ke alpasamaya meM hI saMpUrNa kSaya karake mukti prApta kara lI thI / 1 adhikaraNa jIva aura ajIva ke bheda se adhikaraNa kaI prakAra ke haiM / inakA vivecana agale sUtroM meM kiyA jA rahA hai / - vaise adhikaraNa kA sAmAnya artha AdhAra athavA prayojana haiM / uddezya prApti meM sahAyaka sAdhanoM kA bhI adhikaraNa zabda meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| kintu adhikaraNa ke prasaMgopAtta tathA vizeSa abhiprAya svayaM AcArya agale sUtroM meM kaha rahe haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 267 Agama vacana - jIve adhikaraNaM. / - bhagavatI, za. 16, u. 3 evaM ajIvamavi / - sthAnAMga sthAna 2, u. 1, sU. 60 ((Asrava kA) adhikaraNa (AdhAra) jIva hai aura ajIva bhI hai / ) adhikaraNa ke do prakAra - adhikaraNaM jIvAjIvAH / 8 / (Asrava ke) AdhAra jIva aura ajIva donoM hI haiM / vivecana - prayojana ke Azraya sAdhana yA upakaraNa ko adhikaraNa athavA AdhAra kahA jAtA hai / vaha do prakAra kA hai- (1) jIva adhikaraNa aura (2) ajIva adhikaraNa / kintu yahAM jIva se abhiprAya jIva ke hiMsAdi bhAva haiM, ve hI Astrava ke upakaraNa athavA Azraya hote haiM arthAt jIva ke bhAvoM ke kAraNa Astrava hotA hai, ataH mukhya rUpa meM 'jIva' Astrava kA adhikaraNa (AdhAra) haiN| arthAt jIva ke kaSAyabhAva hI Astrava ke sAdhana, upakaraNa athavA adhikaraNa haiM / jo bAhya adhikaraNa (Astrava ke AdhAra) hote haiM ve ajIvAdhikaraNa kahalAte haiN| Agama vacana - saMrambhasamArambhe Arambhe ya taheva ya / - uttarA. 24/21 tivihaM tiviheNaM maNeNaM vAyAe kAeNaM na karemi na kAravemi karaMtaMpi na samaNujANAmi / - dazavaikAlika a. 4 ___jassa NaM kohamANamAyAlobhA avocchinnA bhavaMti tassa NaM saMparAiyA ki riyaa| . bhagavatI, za. 7, u. 1, sUtra 18 (saMrambha samAraMbha Arambha-ina tInoM ko (tIna yogoM) mana, vacana, kAya (aura tIna karaNoM) kRta, kArita, anumodana se karanA, karAnA aura anumodana karanA-samarthana karanA / (yaha kula sattAisa bheda hue, inake) krodha mAna mAyA lobha (ina cAra se guNA karane para 108 bheda hote haiM yaha jIvAdhikaraNa ke bheda haiM / )) jIvAdhikaraNa ke bheda -- AdyaM saMrambhasamArambhArambhayogakRtakAritAnumatakaSAya - vizeSaisvisvistrizcatuzcaikazaH / 9 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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268 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 8-9 Adya (Adi kA jIvAdhikaraNa) ke saMrambha, samArambha, AraMbha, yoga, kRta, kArita, anumata aura kaSAya- yaha bheda haiM / ina (bhedoM) ke anukrama se tIna, tIna, tIna aura cAra bheda haiM / vivecana - saMrambha, samArambha, AraMbha-yaha 3 yoga (mana, vacana, kAya) 3 karaNa (kRta, kArita, anumodana) aura 4 kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) inako paraspara guNA karane se (3434344)=108 bheda jIvAdhikaraNa (jIva ke Asrava rUpa pariNAma) ke hote haiM / ___ yadi aura bhI vistAra kI apekSA vicAra kiyA jAya to krodha Adi cAroM kaSAya anantAnubaMdhI, apratyAkhyAnI, pratyAkhyAnI, saMjvalana ke bheda se pratyeka cAra-cAra prakAra kI haiM / taba 108 ko 4 se guNA karane para jIvAdhikaraNa 432 bheda ho jAte haiM / saMraMbha Adi kA saMkSipta artha isa prakAra hai / hiMsAdi karane ke prayAsa rUpa pariNAma saMraMbha haiM / hiMsAdi karane kI sAmagrI ekatra karanA samArambha aura hiMsAdi meM pravRtta ho jAnA Arambha haiM / mana, vacana aura kAya-yaha tIna yoga haiM / kRta kA abhiprAya hai svayaM karanA / kArita dUsare ko AjJA dekara karAnA aura anumata (anumodana) anya kisI vyakti ke hiMsAdi kAryoM kA samarthana karanA, athavA usakI prazaMsA karanA hai / vizeSa - (1) navakaravAlI meM jo 108 dAne hote haiM tathA kisI doSa meM prAyazcitta rUpa navakAra Adi ko 108 bAra japa karane kA jo vidhAna zAstroM meM batAyA hai, usakA abhiprAya bhI yahI jJAta hotA hai ki saMrambha Adi 108 bhedoM se jo pApa kA Asrava huA hai, usa pApa kI 108 bAra ke japa se nirjarA ho jAye / Agama vacana - nivattaNAdhikaraNiyA ceva saMjoyaNAdhikaraNiyA ceva / sthAnAMga 2, sUtra 60 Aie nikkhivejjA / - uttarA. 25/14 pavattamANaM / -uttarA. 24/21-23 (nirvatanAdhikaraNa, saMyogAdhikaraNa, nikSepAdhikaraNa aura pravartamAnAdhikaraNa (mana-vacana-kAya meM pravartamAna) yaha cAra ajIvAdhikaraNa ke bheda hote haiM / ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 269 ajIvAdhikaraNa ke bheda - nirvartanAnikSepasaMyoganisargA dvicaturdvitribhedA : param / 10 / (paraM dUsarA) ajIvAdhikaraNa ke (1) nirvartanA (2) nikSepa (3) saMyoga aura (4) nisarga-yaha cAra bheda haiM tathA inake anukrama se. do, cAra do aura tIna yaha uttarabheda hote haiM. ) vivecana - nirvartanAdhikaraNa do prakAra kA, nikSepAdhikaraNa cAra prakAra kA, saMyogAdhikaraNa do prakAra kA tathA nisargAdhikaraNa tIna prakAra kA hotA hai / isa prakAra ajIvAdhikaraNa kula 11 prakAra kA hotA hai / __ina 11 ajIvAdhikaraNoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai - (1) nirvartanA adhikaraNa - kA abhiprAya racanA karanA athavA utpanna karanA hai / isake do prakAra hai - (ka) dehaduHprayuktanirvartanAdhikaraNa - isakA abhiprAya hai- kAya athavA zarIra kA duSprayoga ku ceSTA karanA / aura (kha) upakaraNa nirvartanAdhikaraNa- kA abhiprAya hiMsA ke upakaraNa zastra Adi kI racanA athavA nirmANa karanA / . (2) nikSepa kA abhiprAya rakhanA athavA dharanA hai- isake cAra bheda hai - (ka) sahasA nikSepAdhikaraNa - bhaya se athavA zIghratA ke kAraNa pustaka, zarIra athavA zarIra mala (mala-mUtra, zleSma Adi) ko sahasA hI avivekapUrvaka idhara-udhara phaiMka denA, utsarjana - visarjana kara denA / / (kha) anAbhoganikSepAdhikara - zIghratA athavA bhaya na hone para bhI jIva-jantuoM kI upasthiti kA vicAra na karake pustaka Adi vastuoM ko rakha denA athavA ucita sthAna para na rakhakara idhara-udhara rakha denA / (ga) duHpramRSTanikSepAdhikaraNa - pramArjana kiye binA athavA ayatanA se pustaka Adi upakaraNoM ko idhara-udhara rakha denA / (gha) apratyavekSitAnikSepAdhikaraNa - binA dekhe hI vastuoM ko rakha denA / (3) saMyogAdhikaraNa - saMyoga kA abhiprAya jor3anA athavA milAnA hai / saMyogAdhikaraNa ke do bheda hai - (ka) upakaraNa saMyojanA - zIta ke kAraNa ThaNDe hue apane zarIra athavA pAtra Adi ko dhUpa meM garma hue rajoharaNa se pauMchanA, zodhanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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270 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 10 (kha) bhaktapAna saMyojanA - bhojana ke padArthoM kA eka-dUsare meM milAnA, jaise-dUdha meM cInI milA denA / isase svAda bar3ha jAtA hai / (4) nisargAdhikaraNa - nisarga svabhAva ko kahate haiM / mana-vacana-kAya kI jo svAbhAvika pravRtti hotI hai, vaha nisarga hai / isake viparIta ina tInoM ko dUSita rUpa se pravartAnA nisargAdhikaraNa hai / isake tIna bheda haiM. (ka) manonisargAdhikaraNa - mana meM dUSita vicAra karanA / (kha) vAgnisargAdhikaraNa - duSTa, kaTu, hIlita vacana bolanA / (ga) kAyanisargAdhikaraNa - isa prakAra kI vikRta zArIrika ceSTAe~ karanA, zarIra ko hilAnA calAnA jisase hiMsA Adi pApoM kA adhika saMbhAvanA ho / . dravya aura bhAva adhikaraNa - vastusthiti yaha hai ki akelA jIva hI Asrava nahIM kara sakatA hai aura ajIva ke to Asrava kA prazna hI nahIM hai / jIva aura ajIva dono hI saMyukta hokara Asrava ke adhikaraNa banate h| bheda apekSA se jIvAdhikaraNa ko bhAvAdhikaraNa aura ajIvAdhikaraNa ko dravya adhikaraNa kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / ina donoM adhikaraNoM ke bhI punaH dravya aura bhAva se do-do bheda kiye jA sakate haiM / jIva ke svayaM ke rAgadveSarUpa pariNAma bhAvAdhikaraNa hai aura una pariNAmoM kI ora pravRtti-rUci dravya adhikaraNa kI jA sakatI hai / _ajIva adhikaraNa kI svayaM kI apanI naisargika zakti, pariNamanA, AkAra, tIkSNatA, Adi usakA bhAva adhikaraNa hai aura vaha svayaM to dravya adhikaraNa hai hI / jaise sUkhane ko DAle hue gIle vastra-pAtra Adi para koI sUkSma jIva ur3akara gira jAya, pIr3ita ho athavA mara hI jAya to yaha bhAva adhikaraNa hai aura vaha vastra pAtra Adi sAdhu kI asAvadhAnI athavA zIghratA se athavA vAyu Adi ke prabala vega se gira jAya tathA vahA~ bhUmi para reMgane vAle kisI sUkSma jantu kA prANavyaparopaNa ho to vaha vastrapAtra Adi kA dravya adhikaraNa hai / Agama vacana- NANAvaraNijjakammAsarIrappaogabaMdheNaM bhaMte ! kassa kammassa udaeNaM! goyamA ! nANapaDi NIyayAe NANa niNhavaNayAe NANaMtarAe NANappadoseNaM NANacAsAyaNAe NANavisaMvAdaNAjogeNaM .. evaM jahA NANAvaraNijnaM navaraM daMsaNanAma ghettavvaM / - bhagavatI, za. 8, u. 9, sU. 75-76 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 271 (bhagavana ! kisa karma ke udaya se jJAnAvaraNIya kArmaNa zarIra kA prayogabandha hotA hai ? gautama ! jJAnI kI pratyanIkatA-zatrutA karane se, jJAna ko chipAne se, jJAna meM vighna DAlane se, jJAna me doSa nikAlane se jJAna kA avinaya karane se, jJAna meM vyartha kA vAda-vivAda karane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA Asrava hotA ina uparokta kAryoM meM darzana zabda saMyojita karake kArya karane se darzanAvaraNIya karma kA Asrava hotA hai / ) jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karma ke AsravaddhAra (baMdha hetu) __ tatpradoSaninhavamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopaghAtA jJAnadarzanAvaraNayoH / 11 / (1) pradoSa (2) ninhava (3) mAtsarya (4) antarAya (5) AsAdana aura (6) upaghAta - yahA (aise Atma pariNAma) jJAnAvaraNa tathA darzanAvaraNa karma ke Asrava (baMdha hetu) hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM jJAnAvaraNa tathA darzanAvaraNa karmoM ke baMdha meM jo kriyAe~ athavA kArya nimitta par3ate haiM athavA jinakI vajaha se ina karmoM kA baMdhana hotA hai, ina kAryoM ko batAyA gayA hai / donoM hI karmoM ke baMdhahetu ke eka hI haiM, nAma bhI vahI haiM, kintu jaba vaha jJAna (avabodha athavA jAnane kI kriyA) se sambandhita hote haiM taba jJAnAvaraNIya karmabaMdha meM hetu banate haiM aura dekhane kI kriyA (darzana) se sambandhita hote haiM taba ve darzanAvaraNIya karma kA bandha karAte haiM / vastutaH jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kArya AtmA ke jJAna guNa vara AvaraNa DAlanA hai aura.darzanAvaraNIya kA kArya darzana guNa meM bAdhA DAlanA hai / ( jJAna aura darzana donoM hI sahabhAvI guNa hai)| darzana ke dUsare hI kSaNa, jJAna kI abhivyakti hotI hai / dekhane ke turanta bAda, eka bhI kSaNa kA vyavadhAna hue binA, jJAna hotA hai, yaha sabhI prANiyoM kI nitya kI anubhUti hai, isI kAraNa ina donoM karmoM ke baMdhahetu bhI samAna hI haiM / sUtrokta baMdhahetu (AsravoM) kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai (1) pradoSa - jJAna, jJAnI evaM jJAnI ke jo sAdhana hai unake pratidveSa yA IrSyA bhAva rakhanA / mokSa ke kAraNabhUta tattvajJAna ko sunakara bhI usakI prazaMsA na karanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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272 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 11 (2) ninhava jJAna, jJAnadAtA gurU kA nAma chipAnA tathA arihaMta bhagavAna dvArA prarUpita tattvasvarUpa ke viparIta prarUpaNA karanA / jamAlI Adi aise sAta ninhava paramparA meM prasiddha haiM, jinhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita siddhAntoM kI apane manamAne DhaMga se prarUpaNA kI thI / yahA~ ninhava aura virodhI kA artha samajha lenA cAhie / virodhI to spaSTa virodhI hotA hai, vaha jinamArga ke atirikta kisI anya dharma paramparA kA anuyAyI hotA hai, kintu ninhava svayaM ko jinamArga kA anuyAyI mAnatA hai, aisA kahatA bhI hai, phira bhI jinokta tattva kA apalApa karake manamAnA artha lagAtA hai aura usI kA pracAra-prasAra jinokta tattva kahakara karatA hai / isakA abhiprAya hai IrSyA / jJAna aura jJAnI se IrSyA (3) mAtsarya rakhanA, jalana rakhanA / (4) antarAya denA Adi / isI meM jJAnAbhyAsa meM vighna DAla denA, pustaka Adi chipA jJAna -prasAra ke sAdhanoM kA virodha bhI sammilita hai / (5) AsAdana koI vyakti dUsare ko jJAna kA upadeza de rahA ho, tattvajJAna sikhA rahA ho to use saMketa se roka denA athavA kaha denA - yaha to kucha sIkha hI nahIM sakatA, maMdabuddhi hai, vyartha samaya barbAda karanA hai / (6) upaghAta Agama athavA jinokta jJAna meM vyartha ke dUSaNa lagAnA / bhASya ke anusAra jJAna evaM jJAnI ke guNoM ko DhakanA AsAdana hai, aura jJAna ko hI ajJAna mAnakara use dUSita karanA upaghAta hai / vizeSa vyAvahArika zikSA athavA jJAna prApti meM bhI yahI sabhI bAteM anucita mAnI jAtI haiM, jo bacce aise kArya karate haiM, unheM skUla se bAhara nikAla diyA jAtA hai / - - - - - - ataH tAttvika dRSTi ke sAtha-sAtha vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI yaha sabhI bAteM anucita aura jJAna-prApti meM bahuta bar3I bAdhaka bana jAtI hai / Agama vacana -- paradukkhaNayAye, parasoyaNayAe, paratippaNayAe, parapiTTaNayAe, parapariyAvaNayAe, bahUNaM jAva sattANaM dukkhaNayAe soyaNayAe jAva pariyAvaNayAe evaM khalu goyamA ! jIvANaM assAyAveyaNijjAkammA kijjante / - bhagavatI, za. 7, u. 6, sU. 286 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 273 (he gautama ! dUsare ko duHkha dene se, dUsare ko zoka utpanna karAne se, dUsare ko jhurAne se, dUsare ko rulAne, dusare ko pITane se, dUsare ko paritApa dene se, bahuta se prANiyoM aura jIvoM ko duHkha dene se, zoka utpanna karAne Adi paritApa dene se jIva asAtAvedanIya karmoM kA Asrava karate haiM / asAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava dvAra (baMdhahetu) duHkhazoka tApAka ndanavadhaparidevanAnyAtmaparo bhayasthAnAnyasadvedyasya / 12 / (1) duHkha (2) zoka (3) tApa (4) Akrandana (5) vadha (6) paridevana-svayaM karane se, anya ko karAne se athavA donoM ko eka sAtha utpanna karane se, asAtAvedanIya karma kA Asrava hotA hai / vivecana - yahA~ asAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa batAye gaye hai / asAtAvedanIya karma kA kArya jIva ko duHkha kI sAmagrI milA denA athavA duHkhada sthiti paristhiti kA saMyoga karA denA hai / aisI viparIta paristhitiyoM ke nirmANa ke kAraNa hI prastuta sUtra meM batAye gaye haiM / (1) duHkha- AkulatA-vyAkulatA (pIr3A) kA anubhava honA / (2) zoka - iSTa vastu ke viyoga athavA aniSTa vastu yA vyakti ke saMyoga hone para cintA karanA, yaha kaise dUra ho- isa prakAra kA bhAva zoka . (3) tApa - niMdA, apamAna Adi se mana meM saMtApa honA / (4) Akrandana - duHkha athavA viparIta paristhiti se pIr3itapratAr3ita-paritapta hokara vilApa karanA, A~sU bahAnA, ucca svara se ronA / (5) vadha-anya prANiyoM ke indriya Adi prANoM ko pIr3ita krnaa| (prANa dasa haiM - 5 indriyabala, 3. mana-vacana-kAya bala, 1. Ayu, 1 zvAsocchvAsa / inheM kisI bhI prakAra tAr3anA, tarjanA, mAranA, pITanA, kaTu vacana bolanA Adi se pIr3ita karanA vadha hai / ) ___ (6) parivedana - aisA dInatA bharA vilApa karanA ki sunane vAle ke hRdaya meM dayA jAgRta ho jAya, parivedana hai / ina saba bAto me asAtAvedanIya (duHkha dene vAlA) karma kA Asrava hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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274 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 12-13 Agama vacana - pANANukaMpAe bhUyANukaMpAe jIvANukaMpAe sattANukaMpAe bahUNaM pANANaM jAva sattANaM adukkhaNayAe asoyaNayAe ajUraNayAe atippaNayAe apiTTaNayAe apariyAvaNayAe evaM khalu goyamA ! jIvANaM sAyAveyaNijjA kammA kajanti / - bhagavatI, za. 7, u.3, sUtra 286 ___ (he gautama ! prANiyoM para anukaMpA karane se, bhUtoM' para anukaMpA karane se, jIvoM para anukaMpA karane se, sattvoM para anukaMpA karane se,. bahuta se prANiyoM ko duHkha na dene se, zoka na karAne se, na jhurAne se, na rulAne se, na pITane se, paritApa na dene se jIva sAtAvedanIya karma kA Asrava karate haiM / ) sAtAvedanIya karma ke AsravadvAra (baMdhahetu)... bhUtavratyanukaMpA dAnaM sarAgasaMyamAdiyoga : kSAntiH zaucamitisadvedyasya | 13 / (1) bhUtaanukaMpA (2) vratIanukaMpA (3) dAna (4) sarAgasaMyama Adi yoga (5) kSamA (6) zauca-yaha (bhAva) sAtAvedanIya karma ke AsravadvAra (bandha hetu) haiM / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM sAtAvedanIya karma ke baMdhahetuoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai / sAtAvedanIya AtmA (saMsArI AtmA) ke lie sukhadAyI hai / yaha sukha-sAmagrI kA yoga milAtA hai aura sukhada paristhitiyoM kA nirmANa karatA hai / iSTasaMyoga aura aniSTaviyoga Adi sabhI sAMsArika sukha isI karma ke prabhAva se jIva ko prApta hote haiM / sAtAvedanIya karma upArjana ke hetuoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai / / (1) bhUta anukaMpA - cAroM gatiyoM ke sabhI jIva yAnI jIva mAtra para karuNA buddhi se dayA rakhanA / ise sAmAnyataH jIva dayA kahA jAtA hai / (2) vratI anukaMpA - vrata-niyama Adi jina logoM ne grahaNa kara lie haiM, inake prati dayA ke bhAva rkhnaa| kintu yahA~ dayA meM pUjyabhAva, zraddhA nihita hai / sarvavratI sAdhu aura dezavratI zrAvakoM ko sahayoga denA jisase ve ---- 1. prANI - do indriya, tIna indriya, cAra indriya vAle jIva, bhUta vanaspati-kAyika jIva, jIva pA~coM indriya vAle jIva aura sattva= pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyukAyika jIva kahalAte haiM / ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 275 apane vratoM meM vRddhi kara sakeM, Atma-sAdhanA meM dRr3ha hoM, yahI vratI anukaMpA I (3) dAna - AhAra, auSadha, abhayadAna, jJAna Adi denA / dAna vinamra bhAvapUrvaka apane aura dUsare ke upakAra ke lie diyA jAtA hai / dAna meM sahAyaka bananA bhI dAna kI zreNI meM hai / (4) sarAgasaMyamAdi yoga (ka) sarAgasaMyama isameM cAra bAteM antarnihita hai saMyama grahaNa karane ke bAda bhI AtmA meM rAga ke gRhasthadharma, jisameM saMyama aura asaMyama kA paratantratA meM bhogoM kA tyAga / (gha) bAlatapa tattvajJAna se rahita dazA meM kAyA kaSTa Adi tapa / (5) kSAMti isakA abhiprAya hai kSamA / kSamA krodha kaSAya kA upazama ho jAne para hI saMbhava hai, ataH upalakSaNa se krodha ( sAtha hI mAna) kI zAMti / (6) zauca isakA zAbdika artha pavitratA hai / AdhyAtmika saMdarbha meM lobha ( sAtha hI mAyA - kapaTa) hI AtmA kI apavitratA hai / ataH zauca kA abhiprAya hai lobha kA tyAga / hRdaya kA pavitratA / aMza zeSa raha jAyeM / (kha) saMyamAsaMyama milAjulA rUpa hotA hai / (ga) akAma nirjarA Agama vacana - - - - - ina hetuoM athavA ina kriyAoM kA AdhyAtmika ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika mahatva bhI bahuta hai / sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya ke jo bandhahetu hai unakA spaSTa aura pratyakSa prabhAva sAmAjika, pArivArika jIvana para par3atA hai / asAtAvedanIya ke hetuoM ke AcaraNa se samAja, parivAra sabhI dukhI ho jAte haiM, jabaki sAtAvedanIya ke hetu sukha ke kAraNa banate haiM, harSa aura khuziyoM kA sAgara laharAne lagatA hai / - paMcahi ThANehiM jIvA dullabhabodhiyattAe kammaM pakareMti, taM jahA(1) arahaMtANaM avanna vadamANe (2) arahaMtapannattassa dhammassa avannaM vadamANe (3) AyariyauvajjhAyANaM avannaM vadamANe (4) cauvaNNassa saMghassa avaNNaM vadamANe (5) vivakkatavabaM bhacerANaM devANaM avannaM vadamANe / - sthAnAMga 5 / 2 / 456 --- For Personal & Private Use Only

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276 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 13-14 (pA~ca sthAnoM ke dvArA jIva durlabhabodhi (darzanamohanIya) karma kA upArjana karate haiM - (1) arhanta kA avarNavAda karane se (2) arhantaprajJapta dharma kA avarNavAda karane se (3) AcArya-upAdhyAya kA avarNavAda karane se (4) caturvidha (dharma) saMgha (zramaNa-zramaNI-zrAvaka-zrAvikA) kA avarNavAda karane se tathA (5) paripakva tapa aura brahmacarya ke dhAraka jo jIva deva hue haiM, unakA avarNavAda (jo doSa unameM nahIM hai, vaise doSa batAkara niMdA karanA) karane se| darzanamohanIya karma ke AsravadvAra (bandhahetu) .. ke valizrutasaMghadharmadevAvarNavAdo darzanamohasya / 14 / (1) kevalI (kevalajJAnI), (2) zruta-kevalIkathita, (3) saMgha (caturvidhadharmasaMgha), (4) dharma (ahiMsAmaya) aura (5) devoM kA avarNavAda bolanA darzanamohanIya ke Asrava haiM / vivecana - prastuta meM darzanamohanIya karma ke AsravadvAra batAye gaye hai| darzanamohanIya karma AtmA ko yathArtha kA avabodha nahIM hone detA / usakI (AtmA kI) ruci apane svabhAva kI ora hone meM yaha bAdhA utpanna karatA hai / yahA~ avarNavAda zabda viziSTa artha ko lie hai / isakA Azaya hai - kisI vastu yA vyakti meM jo doSa vidyamAna na hoM vaise doSa apane manamAne DhaMga se lAgakara usakI nindA aura burAI karanA, apayaza phailAnA / (1) kevalI (avarNavAda) - sampUrNa jJAnI sarvajJa AtmAoM ke viSaya meM jhUThA bhrAmaka pracAra karanA, yathA- koI sarvajJa ho hI nahIM sakatA Adi / (2) zruta - kevalI bhagavAna dvArA kathita aMga, upAMga Adi ghRta, gaNipiTaka Adi kI nindA karanA, kahanA - yaha bhagavAna kI vANI nahIM hai, asatya haiM Adi / (3) saMgha - caturvidha saMgha (zramaNa-zramaNI-zrAvaka-zrAvikA) meM vyartha ke doSa lagAnA, unakI nindA karanA / (4) dharma - ahiMsAmaya dharma ko kAyaroM kA dharma batAnA, kahanA ki ahiMsA ke kAraNa hI deza gulAma huA thA Adi anargala bAte kahanA / (5) deva-devoM ko mAMsa-madirA Adi bhakSaNa karane vAle rAgayukta btaanaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 277 avarNavAda athavA nindA vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI kaTuphala pradAna karatI hai, vyakti apamAnita hotA hai, sabhI use nIcI najara se dekhate haiM / AdhyAtmika dRSTi se avarNavAda, cUMki jhUTha kA piTArA hai, ataH vaha AtmA ko itanA kaluSita banA detA hai ki satya kI ora usakI ruci hI nahIM hotI / usakI AtmA meM jhUTha aura nindA kI kAlikha bahuta gaharAI se jama jAtI hai, isI kAraNa vaha satya kA - samyaktva kA sparza nahIM kara paatii| Agama vacana - mohaNijjanakammAsarIppaoga pucchA, goyamA ! tivvakohayAe tivvamANayAe tivvamAyAe tivvadaMsaNamohaNijjayAe tivvacArittamohaNijjAe / bhagavatI za. 8, u. 9, sU. 351 (prazna-(cAritra) mohanIya karma ke zarIra kA prayogabandha kisa prakAra hotA hai ? uttara-gautama! tIvra krodha karane se, tIvra mAna karane se, tIvra mAyA (kapaTa) karane se, tIvra lobha karane se, tIvra darzanamohanIya se aura tIvra cAritra mohanIya se / ) cAritramohanIya karma ke AsravadvAra (bandha hetu) kaSAyodayAttIvAtmapariNAmazcAritramohasya / 15 / - kaSAya ke udaya se hone vAle AtmA ke tIvra pariNAma cAritramohanIya karma ke AsravadvAra (baMdhahetu) haiM / vivecana - kaSAya cAra haiM - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha / inake vazIbhUta hokara jaba AtmA ekadama udvelita ho uThatA hai, taba AtmA ke ve tIvra (utkaTa) kaluSita bhAva cAritramohanIya karma ke AsravadvAra bana jAte haiM / cAritramohanIya karma-saMyama meM bAdhaka hai / nokaSAya mohanIya ke 9 bheda hai / inake baMdha ke kAraNa nimna haiM - (1) hAsya mohanIya - tyAgI yA satyavratiyoM kA upahAsa karanA, dIna yA nirdhana Adi kA majAka ur3anA, athavA dUsaroM ko haMsAne ke lie vidUSakoM (bhAMr3oM) jaisI ceSTAeM karane se isakA baMdha hotA hai / (2) vividha prakAra kI krIr3AoM me rasa lenA, nIti evaM dharmayukta vicAroM se aprIti rakhanA, Adi kAraNoM se rati-mohanIya kA baMdha hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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278 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 15-16 . (3) dUsaroM ko udvigna karanA, unake ArAma meM bAdhA pahuMcAnA, nIca janoM kA saMga karanA tathA aise hI anya kArya arati-mohanIya karmabaMdha ke kAraNa (4) svayaM zoka saMtapta rahanA, anyoM ko zoka upajAnA Adi kAryoM se zoka-mohanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai / (5) svayaM bhayabhIta rahanA tathA dUsaroM ko bhayabhIta karane se bhaya mohanIya kA baMdha hotA hai / bhaya ke pramukha hetu haiM - (1) svayaM kI athavA anya kI zaktihInatA, (2) bhayajanaka bAta sunanA-sunAnA, (3) bhayabhIta karane vAle bhayAnaka dRzya dekhanA-dikhAnA / ihaloka Adi bhayoM kA bAra-bAra smaraNa karake svayaM apane ko bhayabhIta rakhanA tathA dUsaroM ko smaraNa karAke unake mana meM bhaya utpanna karanA / (6) jugupsA mohanIya ke baMdha kA kAraNa dharma evaM dhArmika vyaktiyoM ke prati ghRNA utpanna karane kA prayAsa karanA hai / (7) strIveda ke baMdha kA pramukha kAraNa kapaTAcaraNa tathA parachidrAnveSaNa isake atirikta strIveda ke baMdha kA kAraNa striyoM ke prati kAma bhAvanA uttejita karane vAlI bAte kahanA, mana meM aise kutsita vicAra vicAra / isI prakAra (8) purUSaveda kA baMdha puruSoM kI vAsanA bhaDakAne tathA (9) napuMsaka veda kA baMdha strI evaM puruSa donoM kI vAsanA bhaDakAne - uttejita karane vAle mAnasika-vAcasika aura zArIrika kriyA-kalApoM se hotA hai - Agama vacana - cauhiM ThANehiM jIvA NeratiyattAe kammaM pakareMti, taM jahAmahArambhatAte mahApariggahayAte paMciMdiyavaheNaM kuNimAhAreNaM / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 4, u. 4, sU. 373 (jIva cAra prakAra se naraka Ayu kA baMdha karate haiM - (1) mahAAraMbha karane se, (2) mahAparigraha karane se (3) paMcendriya jIvoM kA vadha karane se aura (4) mAMsa khAne se / ) narakAyubaMdha ke AsravadvAra (baMdhahetu) - bahrAraMbhaparigrahatvaM ca narakAsyAyuSaH / 16 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 279 atyAdhika AraMbha aura parigraha (ke bhAva ) narakagati naraka - AyuSya ke baMdha kA hetu (Asrava dvAra) haiM / vizeSa sUtra 16 se 20 ina pA~ca sUtroM meM eka bahujijJAsita prazna kA samAdhAna prastuta huA hai / prANI eka gati ( - bhava) se dUsarI gati ( - bhava) meM janma letA hai, to usakA kAraNa karma hai yaha tathya jAnate hue bhI jijJAsA uThatI hai ki kauna - sA karma, kaisI kriyAe~, kisa gati ke bandhahetu ( - Asrava) banate haiM ? arthAt ve kauna karma se haiM, jinake karane se prANI naraka kI yAtanAe~ bhogatA hai, tiryaMca gati ke duHkha jhelatA hai, yA manuSya-deva gati meM janma letA hai / sAmAnyataH ina praznoM kA uttara prastuta sUtroM meM haiM / - vivecana - yahA~ 'bahu' zabda saMkhyAvAcI bhI hai aura parimANavAcI bhI; isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki AraMbha ( hiMsAjanaka kriyAkalApa) adhika saMkhyA meM tathA adhika mAtrA meM kiyA jAya tathA tIvra krUra bhAvoM ke sAtha kiyA jAya vaha 'mahA-AraMbha' hai / isI prakAra mahAparigraha bhI samajhanA cAhie / vAstava meM 'merepana' kI bhAvanA hI parigraha hai / bAhya vastuoM tathA apane zarIra Adi para jo mamatva bhAva hotA hai, vaha parigraha hI hai / isa mamatva bhAva kI tIvratA hI 'bahu' zabda se pragaTa kI gaI hai / vizAla saMpatti hone mAtra se koI bahu - parigrahI nahIM hotA kiMtu parigraha ke prati tIvra mamatva Asakti hone se prANI bahuparigrahI' hotA hai / isake viparIta kama hiMsA aura kama mamatva vAlA jIva alpaAraMbhI aura alpa- parigrahI hotA hai / sUtra meM Aye hue 'ca' zabda se yaha dyotita hotA hai ki pUrva sUtra 'kaSAyodayAttIvrapariNAma' kI bhI yahA~ yojanA kara lenI cAhie / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki tIvra krodha - mAna-mAyA - lobha ke adhyavasAyoM sahita bahuta Arambha aura bahuta parigraha narakagati kA AsravadvAra athavA bandhahetu hai / Arambha aura parigraha ke viSaya meM sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai / aisA bhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki bAhya dRSTi se to vyakti bahuta parigrahI dikhAI detA ho aura vAstava meM vaha atyanta alpa - parigrahI ho / jaise bharata cakravartI chaha khaNDa ke svAmI the, bAhya dRSTi se bahuta bar3e parigrahI the; kintu vAstava meM ve vaha atyanta alparigrahI the; tabhI to unhoMne AzA bhavana meM kevalajJAna kA upArjana kara liyA thA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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280 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 17 ataH Arambha parigraha kI saccI kasauTI AtmA kA mUrcchAbhAva hai, bAhya parigraha Adi to sthUla dRSTi hai / Agama vacana cauhiM ThANehi jIvA tirikkhajoNiyattAe kammaM pagarenti, taM jahA-mAillatAte NiyaDillatAte aliyavayaNeNaM kUDatulla kUDamANeNaM / sthAnAMga, sthAna 4. u. 4, sUtra 373 -- ( jIva cAra prakAra se tiryaMca Ayu kA bandha karate haiM (1) chala-kapaTa se (2) chala ko chala dvArA chipAne se (3) asatya bhASaNa se aura (40 jhUThA tolane mApane se / tiryacagati ke AsravadvAra ( bandhahetu ) - mAyA tairyagyonasya / 17 / kapaTa kuTilatA tiryacagati kA AsravadvAra tiryaMca AyuSya bandha kA hetu hai / vivecana mAyAcAra athavA chala-prapaMca kA bhAva rakhanA, tiryaMcagati ke Asrava kA kAraNa hai / isase tiryaMcagati kA bandha hotA hai / - vyAvahArika jIvana meM to chala-kapaTa burA hai hI, kintu dhArmika jagata meM bhI jo loga dharma ke nAma para pAkhaNDa phailAte haiM, bhole bhaktoM ko Thagate haiM unake aura bhI kaTupariNAma sAmane Ate haiM / - yahA~ taka ki yadi dharmAcaraNa meM bhI kapaTapUrvaka mana me vakratA rakha kara pravRtti karate haiM to usake kaTupariNAma na kevala isI janma meM kintu agale janma meM bhI bhogane par3ate haiM / jaisa ki sUtrakRtAMga ( 2/1/9) meM kahA hai je iha mAyAi mijjatI AMgatA gabbhAya'NaM taso / jo mAyApUrvaka AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha ananta bAra janma-maraNa karatA hai| ) Agama vacana cauhiM ThANehiM jIvA maNussattAte kammaM pagareMti, taM jahA - pagati, bhaddatAte pagativiNIyayAe sANukkosayAte amaccha ritAte sthAnAMga, sthAna 4, u. 4. sUtra 373 - - - For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 281 ( cAra prakAra se jIva manuSyAyu kA bandha karate haiM - ( 1 ) uttama bhadrasarala svabhAva hone se / (2) svabhAva meM vinaya bhAva hone se / (3) dayAlu svabhAva hone se / (4) svabhAva meM IrSyAbhAva na hone se / ) manuSyAyu ke AstradvAra ( bandhahetu ) alpAraMbhaparigrahatvaM svabhAvamArdavArjavaM ca mAnuSasyAyuSaH / 18 / (1) alpa Arambha, (2) alpaparigraha, (3) svabhAva kI komalatA (nirabhimAnatA) aura (4) saralatA (RjutA ) yaha manuSya Ayu ke bandha heta hai / vivecana manuSyAyu bandha ke cAra kAraNoM meM pahalA kAraNa hai alpaArambha, alpaparigraha jisa prakAra 'bahu' kA artha parigraha kI vipalutA ke sAtha 'mamatva bhAva' kI tIvratA se bhI hai, balki mukhyatA mamatva - Asakti kI hai / usI prakAra alpazabda bhI vastu kI alpatA kA dyotaka na hokara 'mamatva' kI 'alpatA' kA hI dyotaka hai / yadyapi sAmAjika sthiti maryAdA ke anusAra vyakti ko parigraha kI bhI maryAdA- alpatA karanA Avazyaka hai, kintu usase bhI mAnasika vRttiyoM meM parigraha ke prati mamatA kI alpatA AnI cAhie / isI prakAra Arambha (hiMsA krUratA ) meM bhI bhAvAtmaka alpatA AnA jarUrI hai| - mUla Agama meM cAra kAraNoM ke nAma kucha bhinna haiM - vahA~ prakRti bhadratA arthAt svabhAvagata saralatA aura svabhAvagata vinItatA kA abhiprAya haisaralatA aura vinItatA dikhAvaTI na ho, kintu hRdaya kI sahaja ho / IrSyAlu na hokara guNAnurAgI honA aura dayAlu honA bhI saralatA - RtujA meM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai / - Agama vacana egaMtabAle NaM maNusse neraiyAuyaMpi pakarei tiriyAuyaMpi pakarei maNussAuyaM pipakarei devAuyaM pi pakarei / - bhagavatI za. 1, u.8, sUtra 63 (ekAnta bAla (jJAna evaM vrata rahita) manuSya naraka Ayu bhI bA~dhatA hai, tiryaMca Ayu bhI bAMdhatA hai, manuSya Ayu bhI bAMdhatA hai aura devAyu bhI bA~dhatA hai / cAroM Ayuya ke sAmAnya baMdha hetu - niHzIlavratatvaM ca sarveSAm / 19 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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282 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 18-19-20 binA kisI zIla aura vrata (ke bhAva) sabhI gatiyoM kA baMdhahetu hai / vivecana - yahA~ sUtra gata 'sarveSAm' kA artha sabhI gatiyoM arthAt cAroM gatiyoM se hai / kintu apekSAdRSTi apanAkara kucha vidvAnoM ne ise pahale batAye gaye naraka, tiryaMca aura manuSya gati-ina tIna gatiyoM kA hetu mAnA hai-arthAt binA zIla aura vrata vAle jIva nAraka, pazu aura manuSya ina tIna gatiyoM kA hI baMdha kara sakate haiM, deva gati kA baMdha nahIM kara sakate / kintu uddhRta Agama vAkya se spaSTa hai ki ekAnta bAla (mithyAtvI) bhI cAroM gatiyoM kA baMdha karate haiM / jaba vahAM samyaktva hI nahIM hai to zIla aura vratoM kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / .. bhogabhUmi (yugaliyA) ke manuSya aura tiryaMca zIla tathA vratoM ke bAre meM jAnate bhI nahIM phira bhI ve niyama se devagati kA hI baMdha karate haiM / sabase bar3hakara bAta yaha hai ki zAstroM meM aneka kathAe~ aisI milatI hai ki mithyAtvI aura jinhoMne kabhI kisI zIla, vrata, yama-niyama kA pAlana nahIM kiyA ve bhI deva bane / ataH vistRta aura sarvAMgapUrNa dRSTi se vicAra karane para yahI pariNAma nikalatA hai ki zIla aura vrata kA pAlana na karane vAle jIva sAmAnyataH hI cAroM gatiyoM kA AyuSya bAMdhate haiM / vrata kA prastuta sandarbha meM abhiprAya hai - ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha tathA zIla kA abhiprAya hai ina vratoM ko puSTa karane vAle guNavrata tathA zikSAvrata-divrata, upabhoga-paribhoga parimANavrata, anartha daNDaviramaNavrata (guNavrata) tathA sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika, pauSadhopavAsa, atithisaMvibhAga vrt| Agama vacana - cauhi ThANe hiM jIvA devAuyattae kammaM pagareMti, taM jahAsarAgasaMjameNaM saMjamAsajameNaM bAlatavokammeNaM akAmaNijjarAe / - sthAnAMga sthAna 4, u. 4., sU. 373 (cAra prakAra se jIva devAyu kA baMdha karate haiM - (1) sarAgasaMyama se, (2) saMyamAsaMyama se, (3) bAla tapa se aura (4) akAmanirjarA se / devAyu ke baMdhahetu - sarAgasaMyama-saMyamAsaMyamAkAmanirjarAbAlatapAMsi daivasya / 20 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 283 (1)sarAgasaMyama, (2) saMyamAsaMyama, (3) akAma nirjarA aura (4) bAlatapa-yaha cAra devAyu ke AsravadvAra (baMdhahetu) hai / vivecana - yahAM devagati ke cAra baMdhahetu batAye gaye hai / sarAgasaMyama - saMyama grahaNa kara lene para jaba taka rAga kA aMza zeSa rahatA hai, taba taka vaha saMyama sarAgasaMyama kahalAtA hai / saMyamAsaMyama- isakA abhiprAya hai-kucha saMyama aura kucha asNym| sAmAnyataH saMyamAsaMyama gRhasthadharma hai / isameM trasa-hiMsAtyAgarUpa saMyama aura sthAvara hiMsA ko khulA rakhanA isa rUpa meM asaMyama kA AcaraNa hotA ho| akAma nirjarA - parAdhInatA se kaSTa sahana karanA, yA majabUrI se bhUkha Adi sahanA / jaise-pati ke mara jAne yA paradeza cale jAne para strI apanI kAmecchA ko mAratI hai / isI prakAra bhojana na milane para vivaza vyakti saMtoSa kara letA hai, Adi / bAla tapa- 'bAla tapa' ko ajJAna tapa bhI kahate haiM / jisa tapazcaraNa yA kAyAkaSTa meM Atma-zuddhi kA lakSya na rahakara anya koI bhautika lakSya rahatA hai / yahAM yaha dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai ki sarAgasaMyama aura saMyamAsaMyama meM to 'samyaktva' garbhita hI hai, kyoMki binA samyaktva ke to yaha ho hI nahIM sakate / kiMtu akAma nirjarA va bAla tapa meM aisA niyama nahIM hai / phira bhI digambara tattvArtha sUtra meM 'samyaktva' kA alaga se eka sUtra 'samyaktva ca' nirmita karake devAyuM ke AsravadvAroM meM ginAyA hai / isakA kAraNa, uddhRta Agama kA Azaya pratIta hotA hai; jisakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki samyaktvI jIva AyuSya pUrNa karake deva banate haiM, vaimAnika svargoM meM hI utpanna hote haiM / jabaki karmasiddhAnta aura adhyAtma vicAraNA ke anusAra samyaktva to Astrava hai hI nahIM; isake dvArA kisI bhI karma kA Astrava/bandha hotA hI nhoN| yadi samyaktva bhI AsravadvAra bana jAya taba to jIva kI mukti hI asaMbhava ho jAyegI / samyaktva to saMvara hai, mithyAtvAsrava ko roka detA hai, yahI mukti kA mArga jIva ke lie prazasta karatA hai aura siddhAtmA meM bhI rahatA hai / hA~, itanA avazya hai ki samyaktva kA sadbhAva narakAyu, tiryacAyu For Personal & Private Use Only

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284 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 21-22 aura manuSyAyu sAtha hI strI - veda napuMsaka veda, nIca gotra, bhaknapati, vyaMtara, jyotiSka devAyu Adi prakRtiyoM ke bandha ko roka detA hai, taba vaimAnika devAyu hI zeSa bacatI hai, ataH samyaktva ke sadbhAva meM vaimAnika devAyu kA hI bandha ho sakatA hai / yadi Ayu kA bandha samyaktva - prApti se pahale hI ho cukA ho to bAta dUsarI hai taba to samyaktvI jIva ko bhI cAroM gatiyoM meM jAnA hI par3atA hai / udAharaNArtha rAjA zreNika ko naraka gati meM jAnA par3A / phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki samyaktva Asrava / bandha trikAla meM bhI nahIM hai / Agama vacana - subhanAmakammAsarIra pucchA ? goyamA ! kAya ujjuyAe bhAvajjuyayAe bhAsujjuM yayAe avisaMvAdajogeNaM subhanAmakammAsarIra jAva ppayogabandhe / - asubhanAmakammAsarIra pucchA ?, goyamA ! kAya aNujjuyayAe jAva visaMvAyaNAjogeNaM azubhanAma kammA jAva payogabandhe / bhagavatI, za. 8, u. 9 - ( prazna - zubhanAmakarma kA (zarIra ) bandha kisa kAraNa prApta hotA hai ? uttara - hai gautama! kAya kI saralatA se, bhAva (mana) kI saralatA se, vacana kI saralatA se tathA anyathA pravRtti na karane se zubhanAmakarma ke zarIra kA prayogabandha hotA hai / prazna uttara anyathA pravRtti karane se azubhanAmakarma kA prayoga bandha hotA hai / ) zubha aura azubha nAmakarma ke AsravadvAra ( bandhahetu ) - yogavakratA visaMvAdanaM cAzubhasya nAmna : / 21 / - azubhanAmakarma ke zarIra kA prayogabandha kisa kAraNa hotA hai ? (isake viparIta) kAya, mana tathA vacana kI kuTilatA se tathA viparItaM zubhasya |22| yogoM kI kuTilatA aura anyathA pravatti (ke bhAva) azubhanAmakarma ke Asrava hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 285 isake viparIta zubhanAmakarma ke AsravadvAra hai / / vivecana - prastuta donoM sUtroM meM zubha aura azubhanAmakarma ke AsravadvAra batAye gaye haiM / sUtra meM azubhanAma karma ke AsravadvAra batAkara sUcana kara diyA gayA hai ki isake (azubhanAmakarma AsravadvAra) viparIta zubhanAma karma ke AsravadvAra hai / azubhanAmakarma ke sUtra meM do kAraNa batAye haiM - (1) yogavakratA aura (1) visaMvAdana / __ yoga - tIna haiM - mana vacana, kAya / inakI vakratA athavA kuTilatA kA abhiprAya hai-mana meM aura, vacana meM aura tathA AcaraNa kucha anya honaa| visaMvAdana kA abhiprAya hai - mata bheda paidA karanA, mitroM meM vigraha paidA karanA, sAdharmikoM se jhagar3A phasAda lagAnA, vyartha kA vAda-vivAda krnaa| inake viparIta mana, vacana, kAya-ina tInoM yogoM kI saralatA-yAnI jo mana meM ho, vahI vacana se kahe aura kAya-ceSTA se bhI vaisA prakaTa kare tathA matabheda-vigraha-vAdavivAda-jhagar3A Adi na kare / yogavakratA aura visaMvAdana meM antara yaha hai ki - jaba vyakti apane hI jIvana meM apane sAtha mana, vacana, kAya kI kuTilatA kare to vaha yogavakratA hai aura dUsaroM ke sAtha kuTilatA Adi karanA visaMvAdana hai / Agama vacana - . arahanta-siddha-pavayaNa-guru-thera-bahussue-tavassIsuM / vacchalayA ya tesiM abhikkhaNANovaoge ya // 1 // daMsaNa viNae Avassae ya sIlavvae niraiyAraM / khaNa lava tava cciyAe veyAvacce samAhI ya // 2 // appuvvaNANagahaNe suyabhatI pavayaNo pabhAvaNayA / eehiM kAraNe hiM titthayarattaM lahai jIvo // 3 // - jJAtAdharmathA a. 8, sUtra 64 ((1) arhatbhakti (2) siddhabhakti (3) pravacanabhakti (4) sthavira (AcArya) bhakti (5) bahuzrutabhakti (6) tapasvivatsalatA (7) nirantara jJAna meM upayoga rakhanA (8) darzana ko vizuddha rakhanA (9) vinaya sahita honA (10) AvazyakoM kA pAlana karanA (11) aticArarahita zIla aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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286 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 23 vratoM kA pAlana karanA (12) saMsAra ko kSaNabhaMgura samajhanA (13) zakti ke anusAra tapa karanA (14) tyAga karanA (15) vaiyyAvRtya karanA (16) samAdhi karanA (17) apUrvajJAna ko grahaNa karanA (18) zAstra meM bhakti karanA (19) pravacana meM bhakti honA (20) prabhAvanA karanA / ina kAraNoM se jIva tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha karatA hai / ) tIrthakara prakRti ke bandhahetu___ darzanavizuddhirvinayasaMpannatA zIlavateSvanaticAro'bhIkSNaM jJAnopayogasaMvegau zaktistatyAgatapasI saMghasAdhusamAdhivaiyAvRttya- karaNa marhadAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhaktirAvazyakAparihANirmArga- prabhAvanA pravacanavatsalatvamiti tiirthkRttvsy)|23|| - (1) darzanavizuddhi (2) vinayasaMpannatA (3) zIla aura vratoM kA aticAra rahita pAlana (4) nirantara jJAnAbhyAsa (5) saMsAra ke duHkhoM se bhaya rakhanA (6-7) zakti ke anusAra (na chipAkAra) dAna aura tapa kA AcaraNa (8) saMgha aura sAdhu kI samAdhi (9) vaiyAvRtya (10) arihaMta bhakti (11) AcArya bhakti (12) bahuzruta bhakti (13) pravacana bhakti (14) AvazyakoM kA paripAlana (15) prabhAvanA aura (16) pravacana vatsalatA yaha solaha tIrthakara prakRti ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / vivecana - ina solaha kAraNoM ko SoDazakAraNa bhAvanA bhI kahA jAtA hai / inameM se darzanavizuddhi nAma kA pahalA kAraNa tIrthaMkara prakRti ke bandha ke lie ati Avazyaka hai; kyoMki samyaktvI jIva hI tIrthakara prakRti kA bandha kara sakatA hai, yaha niyama hai / (1) darzanavizuddha - 25 mala-doSoM se rahita zuddha nirmala samyaktva (isakA vistRta vivecana adhyAya 1.sUtra 4 ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai / ) __ (2) vinayasampannatA - jJAna-darzana-cAritra aura unake sAdhanoM kA vinaya karanA tathA krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA upazamana karake mArdava bhAva rakhanA / (3) zIlavratoM kA niraticAra pAlana-ahiMsAdi vratoM mUla guNa aura zIla, uttara guNoM-yama-niyama kA niraticAra doSa rahita AcaraNa / / (4) amIkSNajJAnopayoga - nirantara satata tattvAbhyAsa karanA / (5) saMvega - saMsAra viSayoM se udAsInavRtti / / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 287 (6-7) tyAga aura tapa meM zakti na chipAnA / (8) saMgha-sAdhu samAdhi - dharmasaMgha aura sAdhuoM Adi ke vighna upasargoM ko dUra kara unhe samAdhi pahuMcAnA-samAdhiyukta rahane meM sahAyaka bnnaa| (9) vaidhyAvRtya - rogI vRddha Adi sAdhuoM kI aglAnabhAva se sevA karanA / (10-11-12) arihaMta, AcArya aura bahuzruta (upAdhyAya) jI kI bhakti karanA / (13) zAstroM-aMga-upAMgoM Adi ke prati dRr3ha vizvAsa, apUrva zraddhAbhaktibahumAna rakhanA / (14) AvazyakAparihANi - Avazyaka ke chaha aMga haiM - (1) sAmAyika (2) cutarvizatistava (3) vandanA (4) pratikramaNa (5) pratyAkhyAna aura (6) kAyotsarga - inakA yathAvidhi pAlana karanA / (15) jina mArga - (jinadharma) kI prabhAvanA karanA / / (16) vatsalatA - caturvidha saMgha ke prati vAtsalyabhAva rakhanA / ina solaha kAraNoM se tIrthakara prakRti kA bandha hotA hai / yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki 16 yA 20 boloM kI ArAdhanA meM vizeSa tanmayatA, utkRSTa bhAvanA, linatA Ane para ye tIrthaMkara prakRti ke bandha nimitta banate haiM / __ jaisA ki uddhRta Agama vAkya se spaSTa hai ki tIrthaMkara prakRti ke upArjana ke 20 bola haiM / yaha sirpha kathana zailI kA bheda hai / 20 boloM meM yaha 16 kAraNa bhI garbhita haiM / donoM kathanoM meM bheda kucha bhI nahIM hai / Agama vacana - jAtimadeNaM ku lamadeNaM balamadeNaM jAva issariyamadeNaM NIyAgoyAkammAsarIra jAva payogabandhe / jAtiamadeNaM. kulaamadeNaM. balaamadeNaM. rUvaamadeNaM. tavaamaNadeNaM: suyaamadeNaM. lAbhaamadeNaM. issariyamadeNaM. uccAgoyAkammAsarIra jAva payogabandhe / - bhagavatI, za. 8, u. sUtra 351 For Personal & Private Use Only

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288 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 24-25 (jAti mada se, kula mada se, bala mada se yAvata (se lagAkara) aizvarya mada se nIcagotrakarma ke zarIra kA prayoga bandha hotA hai / ) . (jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, zruta (jJAna), lAbha aura aizvarya inakA mada na karane se uccagotrakarma ke zarIra kA prayoga bandha hotA hai / ) gotra karma ke AsravadvAra - parAtmanindAprazaMse sadasadguNAcchAdanodbhAvane ca nIcairgotrasya / 24 / taviparyayo nicaivRttyanutseko cottarassa / 25 // para (dUsare) kI nindA karanA aura apanI prazasA karanA tathA dUsare ke vidyamAna guNoM ko DhaMkanA aura apane avidyamAna guNoM ko prakAzita karanAdUsaroM ke sAmane pragaTa karanA-yaha nIcagotrakarma ke Astrava hetu hai / nIce gotra ke Asrava ke viparIta kAraNa aura nIca vRtti tathA anutseka yaha uccagotra karma ke Asrava hetu hai / vivecana - dUsaroM kI nindA, apanI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM ke guNoM ko DhakanA tathA apane meM jo guNa nahIM haiM unheM bhI dikhAne kA prayAsa karanA - yaha sabhI abhimAnI vyakti ke kArya haiM / yaha sAre kriyAkalApa aise vyaktiyo dvArA kiye jAte haiM jinameM pratiSThA yogya guNa hote nahIM, kintu samAja meM apanI pratiSThA cAhate hI haiM / aise logoM kA khokhalApana ina kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyakti pAtA hai / mada athavA abhimAnamUlaka hone ke kAraNa hI ye sabhI vRtti aura pravRtti nIca gotra karma ke Asrava kA kAraNa banatI hai / nirabhimAnitA tathA guNoM meM bar3oM ke sAmane vinamravRtti (nIcaivRtti) aura svayaM apane guNoM kA abhimAna na karanA, vyartha hI unakA DhiMDhorA na pITanA (anutseka) - yaha uccagotra karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa hai / ina sabhI kriyAkalApoM ke mUla meM nirabhimAnatA hai / nirabhimAnatA se hI vyakti U~cA uThatA hai, jaisAki eka dohe se spaSTa hai - nara kI aura nala-nIra kI gati ekai kari joya / jai to nIcau hai cale, te to U~co hoya / ucca gotra karma bhI AtmA kI pravRtti ko UrdhvamukhI banAtA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 289 ina kAraNoM meM yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki jo vyakti vAstava meM guNI nahIM hai, kintu apanI guNa-hInatA ko chipAne aura jhUThA utkarSa-bar3appana dikhAne kA prayAsa karatA hai, vaha duniyA ko dhokA bhale hI de de, kintu karma-siddhAnta ko dhokhA nahIM de sakatA, apanI ina DhoMgI vRttiyoM ke kAraNa vaha paraloka meM nIca gotra kA hI bhoga karatA hai / Agama vacana - dANaMtarAeNaM lAbhatarAeNaM bhogataMrAeNaM uvabhogatarAeNaM vIriyaMtarAeNaM aMtarAiyakammAsarIppayoga baMdhe / - bhagavatI za. 8, u. 9, sUtra 351 (dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya meM antarAya (vighna) karane se antarAya karma zarIra kA prayogabandha hotA hai / ) antarAya karma ke AsravadvAra - vighnakaraNamantarAyasya / 26 / vidhna karanA antarAyakarma ke Asrava kA kAraNa hai / vivecana -antarAyakarma pA~ca prakAra kA hai athavA isakI pA~ca uttara prakRtiyA~ hai - (1) dAnAnantarAya (2) lAbhAntarAya (3) bhogAntarAya (4) upabhogAntarAya aura (5) vIryAntarAya / yaha prakRtiyA~ dUsaroM ke dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya meM antarAya athavA vighna DAlane se ba~dhatI haiM / jaise kisI vyakti ko kisI prakAra kA lAbha ho rahA ho, usameM vighna DAla denA, kisI sAdhu, yA jarUratamaMda ko koI dAtA dAna de rahA ho to kaha denA-'isa taraha kitanoM ko dAna doge, bhArata meM karor3oM kI saMkhyA meM jarUratamanda haiM aura usako dAna pAne meM bAdhA pahuMcA denA / isI taraha koI vyakti kisI vastu, vastra Adi kA bhoga-upabhoga karanA cAhatA hai to usameM antarAya DAlanA, use balapUrvaka yA chalapUrvaka vighna DAlanA bhogAntarAya hai / yadi koI vyakti utsAhapUrvaka dharmadhyAna kara rahA ho, athavA samAja sevA yA kisI anya kArya meM utsAha pragaTa kara rahA ho to kaha denA - 'kara lo samAjasevA, para anta meM apayaza hI milegA' / isa prakAra usake utsAha ko, vIryazakti ko ThaNDA kara denA, nirutsAhita kara denA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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290 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 26 yaha sabhI kArya antarAyakarma ke AsravadvAra athavA baMdha ke kAraNa haiM / vizeSa - prastuta adhyAya ke 11 se 26 taka ke 16 sUtroM meM AThoM karmoM ke Asrava ke kAraNa batAye gaye haiM / kintu yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki yaha to upalakSaNa mAtra haiM, phira sUtra saMkSipta zailI kA anusaraNa karatA hai, saMketa detA hai, line demark karatA hai / aura jIvana kA AyAma (canvas) bahuta vistRta haiM, Asrava ke kAraNa bhI asaMkhyAta-ananta haiM, ataH una sabakA bhI sUcana ina sUtroM se samajha lenA cAhie / sAta karmoM kA satata bandha - jIva ko Ayu ke atirikta sAta karmoM (1) jJAnAvaraNIya (2) darzanAvaraNIya (3) vedanIya (4) mohanIya (5) nAma (6) gotra aura (7) antarAya kA zubha yA azubha Asrava aura bandha satata hotA rahatA hai / eka kSaNa ko bhI nahIM rukatA kyoMki jIva kI Antarika pravRtti-yoga-kaSAya pravRtti jaba taka nirUddha nahIM hotI taba taka zubhAzubha karmAstrava cAlU hI rahatA hai / ___Ayukarma kA baMdha avazya vartamAna Ayu kI tribhAgI meM hotA hai / usake baMdha meM kucha vizeSatAe~ haiM, ve bhI samajha lenI cAhie / Ayubandha kA abhiprAya - AgAmI bhava meM utpanna hone ke lie jIva jaba vartamAna Ayu meM bhAvI Ayu kA bandha karatA hai to usI samaya vaha (1) gati (2) jAti (3) sthiti (4) avagAhanA (5) pradeza aura (6) anubhAga - ina chaha kA bandha karatA hai / ise karmazAstroM meM gatinAma, jAtinAma, sthitinAma, avagAhanAnAma, pradezanAma aura anubhAganAma nidhatta Ayu kahA gayA nidhatta kA abhiprAya hai Ayukarma ke sAtha-sAtha bhogane yogya honA / Ayubandha ke samaya sarvaprathama jIva (1) jAti (ekendriya Adi) ke nAmakarma ke niSekoM ko Ayukarma ke sAtha sambaddha karatA hai, yaha jAti nidhattAyu hai / phira (2) gati (tiryaMca Adi yadi paMcendriya jAti ke niSekoM ko sambaddha kiyA ho to) nAmakarma ke pudagaloM (niSekoM) ko sambaddha karatA hai (yahIM yoni (sarpa Adi) tathA liMga (strI-puruSa-napuMsaka) kA bhI nizcaya ho jAtA hai) yahI gati nidhattAyu hai / (3) phira sthiti (kAla-maryAdAvarSoM Adi ke rUpa meM) kA nizcaya hotA hai| yaha sthiti pradeza nAmakarma ke pudgala hai / akAla mRtyu ke samaya yA kSaNa-pratikSaNa yahI nAmakarma ke pudagala For Personal & Private Use Only

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Asrava tattva vicAraNA 291 AtmA se alaga hote rahate haiM, jinheM Ayu ke niSeka jhar3anA kahA jAtA hai| (4) isake bAda jIva zarIranAma karma (audArika Adi) rUpa avagAhanA ke pudgaloM ko bA~dhatA hai / Ayu bhogate samaya bImArI, vRddhAvasthA, yuvAvasthA Adi aneka kAraNoM se ina pudagaloM me cayApacaya hotA rahatA hai arthAt ghaTatebar3hate rahate haiM / (5) phira pradezanAma karma ko Ayukarma ke niSakoM ke sAtha sambaddha karatA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki Ayu ko bhogate samaya Ayukarma kA nAmakarma ke sAtha sambandhita hokara pradezodaya hotA hai / (6) anubhAga nidhattAyu kA abhiprAya Ayu kA vipAkodaya meM bhoganA hai| . anubhAga kA artha tIvramaMda rasa hai / yadi Ayubandha ke samaya AtmA ke pariNAma maMda hote haiM to aparvatanIya (bIca meM hI TUTane yogya zithila bandha vAlI) Ayu kA bandha hotA hai aura tIvra pariNAmoM se anapavartanIya (gAr3ha bandhana vAlI Ayu jo bIca meM nahIM TUTatI ) Ayu kA bandha hotA hai / Ayubandha kA samaya - yaha niyama hai ki Ayu kA bandha vartamAna Ayu kI tribhAgI meM yAni Ayu ke tIna bhAgoM meM se do bhAga Ayu bhoga lI jAya taba hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie kisI manuSya kI kula Ayu 81 varSa hai / to AgAmI janma kI Ayu kA bandha (8132742=54) 54 varSa kI Ayu meM prathama bAra hogA / yadi kisI kAraNavaza usa samaya na ho sakA to (81:54=27-342=18 varSa+54 varSa) 72 varSa kI Ayu meM hogA / isI taraha sAta bAra taka tribhAgI meM Ayubandha kA samaya AtA hai / yadi kisI kAraNavaza ina saba meM bhI Ayu kA bandha na ho sakA to isa janma meM deha chUTane ke antarmuharta se. eka AvalikA kAla ke andara-andara avazya hI parabhava kI Ayu kA bandha ho jAyegA / kyoMki yaha niyama hai ki binA parabhava kI Ayu bA~dhe yaha jIva apane vartamAna zarIra ko chor3a hI nahIM sakatA aura sAtha hI yaha bhI niyama hai ki Ayu samApta hone ke bAda eka samaya mAtra bhI vartamAna zarIra meM raha nahIM sktaa| yaha tribhAgI meM Ayubandha kA niyama karmabhUmija saMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAloM ke lie hai / asaMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle bhogabhUmija aura deva, For Personal & Private Use Only

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292 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 6 : sUtra 26 nArakiyoM kA Ayubandha Ayu samApti ke eka antarmuhUrta se AvalikA kAla taka meM hotA hai / Ayubandha kA samaya - Ayubandha lAgAtAra nahIM hotA / yaha ATha samaya meM hotA hai / jisa prakAra gAya ruka-rukakara pAnI pItI hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI Ayu kA bandha karatI hai / jaise prathama samaya meM kucha bandha kara liyA, phira ruka gaI; isa taraha bIca-bIca meM rukate hue Ayu kA bandha hotA hai| kintu isase yaha na samajhanA cAhie ki Ayubandha meM ekAdha ghaNTA laga jAtA hogA / samaya bahuta choTI kAla ikAI hai / asaMkhyAta samaya kI to eka AvalikA hotI hai, vaha bhI eka sekaNDa ke samaya meM anekoM gujara jAtI hai| ataH yaha samajhanA cAhie ki saMpUrNa Ayubandha (ruka-ruka kara hote hue bhI) sekaNDa ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM pUrA ho jAtA hai / zAstrakAra kA kathana hai ki paraloka kI Ayu kA bandha kisa samaya hogA, kucha patA nahIM calatA, isalie prANI ko pratyeka kSaNa zubha aura zreSTha bhAvoM meM bitAnA cAhie / For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAtavA~ adhyAya AcAra-(virati-saMvara) (CONDUCT) upodghAta pichale (chaThe) adhyAya meM Asrava tattva kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai / aba krama prApta cauthA tattva saMvara hai| prastuta sAtaveM adhyAya meM isI saMvara tattva kA varNana hai / prastuta sAtaveM adhyAya kA prArambha vrata se huA hai / virati bhI eka saMvara hai aura samyaktva saMvara ke pazcAta isakA krama hai arthAta samyaktva grahaNa kara lene ke bAda jIva ko AsravoM se virati hotI hai, vaha vratoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / vrata-dhAraNa hI virati saMvara hai / isa virati saMvara kA hI prastuta adhyAya meM varNana huA hai / vratoM kA svarUpa, unakI bhAvanAe~, maitrI-pramoda Adi bhAvanAe~, vratoM ke prakAra aura lakSaNa, vratI ke lakSaNa, AgArI aura anagArI vratI meM antara Adi kA sarvAMga varNana kiyA gayA hai / prastuta adhyAya meM zrAvaka-vratoM kA aticAra sahita varNana hai, yaha isa adhyayana kI vizeSatA hai / aMta meM dAna kA svarUpa tathA usake phala meM vizeSatA hone ke kAraNa bhI batAye gaye haiM / prastuta adhyAya kA prArambha vratoM ke lakSaNa se hotA hai / Agama vacana - paMca mahavvayA paNNattA, taM jahA-savvAto pANAtivAyAoM veramaNaM jAva savvAto pariggahAto veramaNaM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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294 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 1-2 (mahAvrata) pA~ca hote haiM saba prakAra ke prANAtipAta - hiMsA se viramaNa se (saba prakAra ke asatya, steya, abrahmacarya se bacane se) lagAkara saba prakAra ke parigraha se viramaNa taka / ____paMcANuvvatA paNNattA, taM jahA-thUlAto pANAivAyAto veramaNaM / thUlAtoM musAvAyAtoM veramaNaM / thUlAto adinnAdANAto veramaNaM / sadAra saMtose / icchAparimANe / sthAnAMga sthAna 5, u. 1, sUtra 89 aNuvrata pA~ca hote haiM - (1) sthUla prANihiMsA se bacanA (2) sthUla asatya-bhASaNa se bacanA (3) sthUla corI se bacanA (4) svadAra saMtoSa (5) icchA parimANa / vratoM ke lakSaNa aura bheda - hiMsA'nRtasteyA'brahmaparigrahebhyo virativra tam / / dezasarvato'NumahatI / 2 / (1) hiMsA (2) anRta (asatya) (3) steya (corI) (4) abrahma aura (5) parigraha-inase virata honA vrata hai / yaha (virati) do prakAra kI hai - alpataH- dezataH aura sarvataH / vivecana - prastuta donoM sUtroM meM viratirUpa vratoM ke lakSaNa aura bheda batAye gaye haiM / yahA~ virati zabda kA artha samajhanA Avazyaka hai (kyoMki hiMsA Adi kA lakSaNa svayaM AcArya agale sUtro meM (8-12 taka) meM kaha rahe haiM / ) virati kA svarUpa - avirati AtmA kA atyAga rUpa pariNAma h| isameM AzA, icchA, vAMchA, kAmanA Adi kA sadbhAva rahatA hai / ina sabhI kA buddhipUrvaka soca-samajhakara tyAga karanA, pratijJA grahaNa karanA virati hai / ___ yaha virati do prakAra kI saMbhava hai - (1) aMzarUpa meM (2) sarvataH - pUrNarupa meM, pUrI taraha / sarvataH virati honA mahAvrata hai aura aMzataH virati honA aNuvrata / aNuvrata athavA aMzataH virati meM AtmA kI saMsAra, sAMsArika sukhabhoga Adi kI anAdikAlIna mUrchA TUTatI to hai; para pUrI taraha nahIM TUTatI, isameM sAMsArikatA ke prati rAgabhAva kA aMza kAphI mAtrA meM avazeSa raha jAtA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra - (virati - saMvara) 295 yadi mUrcchA na TUTe to usake tyAgarUpa pariNAma hoge hI nahIM / ataH yaha to spaSTa hai ki usakA rAgabhAva kama huA / jitane aMza meM rAga kama hotA hai, utanI hI usakI virati hotI hai / udAharaNArtha darpaNa para dhUla jamI huI thI, vAyu ke saMyoga se kucha aMza meM dhUla ur3I, haTI to utane hI aMza meM darpaNa kI ujjvalatA dikhAI dene lagI / isI prakAra AtmA kI moha-mUrcchA jitane aMza meM TUTatI hai, utane hI aMza meM vaha viratipUrvaka vrata grahaNa kara letA hai / yaha aNuvrata kahalAtA hai / aura jaba moha-mUrcchA pUrI taraha TUTa jAtI hai to usake andara viratibhAva pUrI taraha jAga uThatA hai, vaha sabhI prakAra se sAMsArikatA kA, saMsAra ke sukhoM kI Asakti kA tyAga kara detA hai / usakI yaha virati mahAvrata kahalAtI hai / - mahAvrata grahaNa karane vAlA tIna karaNa (kRta, kArita, anumodana) aura tIna yoga (mana, vacana, kAya) se vrata ( hiMsAdi sAvadya pravRtti kA tyAga ) grahaNa karatA hai / jabaki aNuvratI zrAvaka sAmAnyatayA tIna yoga aura do karaNa (anumodana ko khulA rakhakara ) vrata grahaNa karatA hai / aNuvratI ke bhAMge Adi bhI kaI prakAra ke haiM / inakA vivecana ina vratoM ke sandarbha meM agale sUtroM meM kiyA jaayegaa| Agama vacana paMca jAmassa paNavIsaM bhAvaNAoM paNNattA / samavAyAMga, samavAya 25 (pAMco vratoM kI ( pratyeka vrata kI pA~ca-pA~ca ke hisAba se ) paccIsa bhAvanAe~ kahI gaI hai 1 ) vratoM kI sthiratA ke upAya bhAvanAe~ tatsthaiyArtha bhAvanA : paMca paMca | 3 | (sUtra 1 meM kahe gaye pA~ca vratoM) unakI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAe~ hai / vivecana prastuta sUtra meM ahiMsAdi pA~ca vratoM kI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai, kintu mUla sUtra meM una bhAvanAoM ke nAma -- - For Personal & Private Use Only

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296 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 3 tathA unake svarUpa Adi kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / kintu svopajJa bhASya meM AcArya ne svayaM isa kamI ko pUrA kara diyA hai / bhAvanA kA abhiprAya AtmA ko prazasta bhAvoM se bhAvita karanA hai / jisa prakAra zilAjIta ke sAtha lohe kI bhAvanA dekara use zuddha aura zarIra hitakArI rasAyana banA diyA jAtA hai, isI prakAra ahiMsAdi vratoM ko bhI ina bhAvanAoM dvArA zuddha-vizuddha aura AtmahitakArI rasAyana banA diyA jAtA hai| vastutaH bhAvanA jAne hue viSaya para bAra-bAra cintanaM karanA hai, yaha cintana mAtra zabdoM kA punarAvartana na hokara gaharAI lie hue hotA hai| ina bhAvanAoM kA upayoga hI yaha hai ki yaha ahiMsAdi vrata AtmA kI gaharAI meM paiTha jAyeM aura hiMsA Adi viSaya-vikAra usameM (AtmA) se bAhara nikala jAyeM / Adhunika parAmanovaijJAnika vijJAna (Parapsychology) kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki hamAre mana ke tIna bhAga hai- vyakta, avacetana aura adhacetana / vyakta mana to pragaTa hai hI kintu bhAvanAe~, saMvega, purAnI smRtiyA~ Adi avacetanaadhocetana mana meM saMgrahIta rahatI hai / aura yaha bhI Azcaryajanaka tathya hai ki vyakta mana kevala 7% hotA hai jabaki avacetana - adhocetana mana 93% / ise AtmA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to hiMsAdika avrata bhAva, jo anAdi kAla se isa AtmA ke sAtha saMbaddha haiM, AtmA ke aNu-aNu meM praviSTa ho gaye haiM, ve bhI vyaktarUpa meM bahuta hI kama mAtrA meM hamAre pratyakSa anubhava meM Ate haiM, unakA asImita, akalpita bhaNDAra to AtmA meM bahuta gaharAI meM bharA par3A hai| use vaidika bhASA meM manomayakoSa kahA jAtA hai / bhAvanAe~ yahI kAma karatI hai ki ve isa asImita avrata bhaMDAra kI zuddhiparizuddhi karake vahA~ ahiMsAdi vratoM ko pratiSThita kara detI hai / prastuta vivecana ke prakAza meM aba hama bhAvanAoM kI paribhASAoM meM nihita artha aura unake saMketa ko samajhane kA prayAsa kareM / AcArya zIlAMka ne 'bhAvazcittAbhiprAyaH (citta kA abhiprAya bhAva hai) kahakara bhAvanA ke abhiprAya pakSa kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / abhiprAya, vastutaH citta kI bahuta hI antarnihita vRtti hai, jisakA pragaTIkaraNa usake (mAnava athavA prANI ke ) vacanoM tathA kAya - saMketoM dvArA hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra - (virati - saMvara) 297 AcArAMga (zru. 2, a. 8, u. 6) kI TIkA meM bhAvanA adhyavasAye kaha kara citta ke sUkSma saMskAroM meM bAra-bAra sphurita hone vAlI vicAra-taraMgoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / vastutaH citta kI yaha vicAra - taraMgeM hI hiMsAdi pApoM ko nikAlane kA, AtmA ko parizuddha karane kA kArya karatI hai / isIlie to bhAvanA ke lie aMgrejI meM deep and constant reflection zabda diyA hai, jisakA abhiprAya hai AtmA kI gaharAI taka vicAroM kI taraMgo kA - zubhavicAra urmiyo kA anukSepaNa karanA, una vicAroM ko sthAyIrUpa denA / virati kA sAdhana ina bhAvanAoM kA bAra-bAra abhyAsa karatA hai / ahiMsA Adi vratoM kI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA saMkSipta svarUpa isa prakAra hai / (a) ahiMsA vrata kI bhAvanAe~ (1) IryAsamiti IryA zabda meM samasta zArIrika kriyAoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, kintu isakA mukhya abhiprAya gamanAgamana kI pravRtti se liyA jAtA hai / isa rUpa meM isakA artha hai apane zarIra pramANa athavA sAr3he tIna hAtha Age kI bhUmi dekhakara calanA, jisase kisI bhI jIva kA ghAta na ho jAe, use kaSTa na pahuMce / - 1 vistRta artha meM IryAsamiti kA abhiprAya hai uThanA baiThanA Adi koI bhI zArIrika kriyA aisI na kI jAya jisase kisI bhI prANI ko tanika bhI kaSTa yA pIr3A ho, athavA khinnatA ho, sarala zabdoM meM sva-para ko kaSTa na ho, isa vivekapUrvaka sabhI zArIrika kiyAe~ karanA IryAsamiti hai aura isa vicAra kA anucintana IryAsamiti bhAvanA hai / - - (2) manogupti manoyoga kA nirodha athavA Arta aura raudradhyAna kA mana meM cintana na karanA / (3) eSaNA samiti zAstrokta vidhi se zuddha bhojana grahaNa krnaa| isameM tIna bAteM garbhita haiM / (i) nirdoSa AhAra prApta karanA (ii) nirdoSitApUrvaka usa bhojana kA sevana karanA (khAnA) aura (iii) AhAra kyoM aura kisalie kiyA jAnA cAhie, ina sabhI bAtoM kI sahI jAnakArI rakhanA / ataH zuddha AhAra hI AvazyakatAnusAra grahaNa karU~, aisI bhAvanA aiSaNA samitI bhAvanA hai / - -- For Personal & Private Use Only

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298 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 3. vastutaH AhAra isIlie zarIra ko diyA jAtA hai ki saMyama kA pAlana sucArU rUpa se hotA rahe / isake lie zuddha AhAra bahuta Avazyaka hai / ___ Adhunika vaijJAnika khojoM ke anusAra mastiSkIya taMtrikA saMpreSakoM (nyUroTrAMsamITara) tathA seroTonina padArtha mAnava ke sampUrNa AvegoM tathA kriyAkalApoM ko niyaMtrita saMtulita karate haiM / zuddha AhAra dvArA inakA nirmANa svacchatA bharA hotA hai to mAnava ke AvegoM kI dizA bhI unnati kI ora rahatI hai, karma-kriyAoM meM mana adhika sthira hotA hai / isalie bhI zuddha AhAra apekSita hai / (4) AdAna nikSepaNa samiti - isakA abhiprAya hai kisI vastu upakaraNa Adi ko bhalI-bhA~ti dekhabhAla kara uThAnA aura rakhanA, jisase kisI prANI kI virAdhanA na ho aura upakaraNa Adi bhI adhika samaya taka surakSita raheM / upakaraNa uThAne-rakhane meM kisI jIva kI virAdhanA na ho satata aisA cintana rakhanA AdAna nikSepaNa samiti bhAvanA hai / / (5) Alokita pAna bhojana - kA abhiprAya hai sUrya ke prakAza meM hI bhojana pAna se nivatta ho jAnA, sUryAsta hone ke bAda kucha bhI khAne aura pIne kI bhAvanA na rakhanA Alokita pAna-bhojana bhAvanA hai / / aMdhakAra meM bhojana-pAna se jIvoM kI virAdhanA to hotI hI hai, sAtha hI apane svayaM ke svAsthya para bhI pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai, viSailA jantu Ane se aneka prakAra ke roga ho sakate haiM / ataH ahiMsAvrata ke sAdhaka ko yaha pA~ca bhAvanAe~ bhAnI cAhie jisase usakA vrata sthira rahe / praznavyAkaraNa (saMvara dvAra) sUtra meM bhI ahiMsAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batAI haiM / vahA~ Alokita pAna bhojana kI, jagaha vacana samiti bhAvanA kahI hai / vacana-samitI se abhiprAya hai -pApakArI, tIkhA, kaTAkSayukta vacana na bolnaa| aise vacana se anya ko duHkha hotA hai, isa apekSA se vaha hiMsA hI hai / ataH ahiMsAvrata ke sAdhaka ko sadA vacana samiti kI bhAvanA kA cintana karanA cAhie / __AcArAMga sUtra (zru. 2, a. 15) meM pA~ca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra haiM - (1) IryAsamiti bhAvanA (2) mana ko samyadizA meM prayukta karanA- manaHsamiti (3) vacanasamitibhAvanA (4) AdAna, bhANDa-mAtra nikSepaNA samitI aura (5) Alokita pAna-bhojana / For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra - (virati - saMvara) 299 tattvArthasUtra meM ullikhita eSaNA samiti kI bajAya AcArAMga meM vacana samiti batAI gaI hai / bhAvanAoM ke nAmoM meM yaha antara apekSAbheda se hai, yaha adhika mahatva kA nahIM hai / (ba) sayatvata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ (1) anuvIci bhASaNa - pAparahita aura zAstra meM batAI maryAdA sahita vicArapUrvaka vacana bolane kI bhAvanA rakhanA, anuvIci bhASaNa bhAvanA hai| ( 2 - 5) krodha - lobha-bhaya- hAsya-tyAga krodha, lobha, bhaya tathA hAsya, ina cAroM ke Avega meM mukha se koI vacana na nikala jAye, aisA anucintana mana meM karate rahanA / ina cAroM kA eka rUpa hai- kSamA, nirlobhatA, abhaya aura vacana - saMyama / vratoM kA ArAdhaka sAdhaka sadA hI ina kSamA Adi guNoM kA anuciMtana karake krodha Adi durguNoM ko nikAla phaikane ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai / yahI usakI satyavrata hI sthiratA hetu pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM / praznavyAkaraNa ora AcArAMga meM bhI satyavrata kI yahI bhAvanAe~ batAI gaI hai / (sa) asteya (acaurya) vrata kI pAMca bhAvanAe (1) anuvIci avagraha yAcanA nirdoSa, aniMdya aura hiMsA Adi se anutpanna tathA jisa sthAna meM hisA kI saMbhAvanA na ho, sUkSma jantuoM se rahita ho - apane Thaharane ke lie, vizrAma ke liye aisA sthAna grahaNa karane kI bhAvanA rakhanA | - - - - (2) abhIkSNAvagraha yAcanA sadA hI nirdoSa, niravadya sthAna prApta ho, isa prakAra kI bhAvanA mana meM rakhanA tathA apane mA~gane se usa sthAna yA vastu ke svAmI ko tanika bhI kaSTa na ho, isa bAta kA vicAra rakhanA / (3) avagrahAvadhAraNa apane avagraha ( kalpa yA maryAdA) ke parimANa ke anusAra hI grahaNa karanA / - (4) sAdharmika avagraha yAcanA jisa sthAna para apanA hI sAdharmika pahale se ThaharA ho to usase usa sthAna kI yAcanA karanA / (5) anujJApita bhojana - pAna vidhipUrvaka lAye hue bhojana - pAna ko - - - For Personal & Private Use Only

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300 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 3 guru ko dikhAkara, unakI AjJA lekara grahaNa karanA / (yadi vrata - sAdhaka aisA nahIM karatA to vaha isakI gurU corI kahalAtI hai / ) praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM ke yaha nAma diye haiM (1) viviktavAsasamiti bhAvanA isakA abhiprAya bhI niravadya sthAna hai, yadyapi zabdArtha - ekAntavAsa dhvanita hotA hai; kintu vaha ekAnta sthAna bhI aisA honA cAhie jahA~ sAdhanA meM kisI prakAra kA vighna na ho / -1 (2) anujJAtasaMstArakarUpa avagraha samiti bhAvanA 'saba kucha yAcanA karake / (3) zayyAsamiti bhAvanA (4) anujJAta bhaktAdi bhojana bhAvanA (5) sAdharmika vinayakaraNa bhAvanA AcArAMga sUtra ke anusAra hI tattvArtha sUtra meM pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batAI gaI haiM / kintu digambara paramparA meM asteyavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ dUsare prakAra se kahI gaI haiM (1) zUnyAgAra (2) vimocitAvAsa meM rahanA - parvata kandarA, Adi khAlI sthAna ko grahaNa karanA / dUsaroM dvArA ( tyakta ) chor3e hue makAna Adi (3) paroparodhAkaraNa - - -- rokanA / (4) bhaikSyazuddhi - zAstravihita bhikSA kI vidhi meM nyUnAdhika nahIM karanA dUsaroM ko usa sthAna para Thaharane se nahIM (5) sadharmA'visaMvAda sAdharmiyoM se visaMvAda nahIM karanA / asteyavrata kI bhAvanAe~, yadyapi granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se ginAI haiM, kintu sabhI kA mUla abhiprAya yahI hai ki acauryavrata kA sAdhaka saba kucha mAMga kara le, apanI maryAdA aura kalpa ke anusAra parimita mAtrA meM hI grahaNa kare aura jo kucha bhI ( bhojana - pAna Adi sabhI kucha) grahaNa kare - una saba ko guru kI AjJA se, unheM dikhAkara aura unakI anumati prApta karake grahaNa kare (khAe) / sAtha hI vaha saba, jo kucha usane grahaNa kiyA hai, usakI Atma - For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 301 sAdhanA meM sahAyaka hI ho, usameM bAdhaka na bana jAya, usameM yAcita vastu ke prati adhikAra bhAvanA athavA ahaM bhAva na praveza kara jAya / (da) brahmavrata kI pAMca bhAvanAe - (1) asaMsaktavAsa samiti - strI, pazu aura napuMsaka jisa zayyAAsana para baiThate hoM, usakA tyAga karanA / isakA abhiprAya yaha bhI hai ki jahA~ striyoM kA bAra-bAra AvAgamana hotA ho, ghara ke AMgana meM striyAM baiThatI hoM aura una para dRSTi par3atI ho, striyA~ samIpa hI (dUsare kamare meM hI) snAnazrRMgAra karatI hoM, samIpa hI vezyAoM kA AvAsa ho, aise sthAna para brahmacarya vrata ke sAdhaka ko nahIM rahanA cAhie / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa sthAna para rati-rAga, vikAra, moha Adi bar3hane kI saMbhAvanA ho, vaha sthAna brahmacarya vrata ke sAdhaka ke lie rukane yA Thaharane yA nivAsa karane yogya nahIM hotA / (2) svIkathAvirati - striyoM ke kAma, moha, zrRMgAra, saundarya Adi kI kathA na karanA / (3) strIrUpadarzanavirati - strI ke manohara aura kAma-sthAnakoM ko rAga-pUrvaka na dekhanA / jaMghA, kapola, kuca, nitaMba Adi strI ke zarIragata kAma sthAnaka haiM / inako dekhane se brahmacaryavrata-sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM vikAra utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA hai / (4) pUrvarata-pUrvakrIr3itavirati - pahale kI huI rati-krIr3AoM kA smaraNa na karanA, unhe vismRti ke gahare garta meM DAla denaa| (5) praNIta AhAra tyAga - adhika snigdha aura mirca-masAledAra svAdiSTa gariSTha bhojana na karanA / kyoMki rasIlA AhAra vikAra bar3hAtA hai / AcArAMga aura praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM bhI yahI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batAI gaI vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki strI hAramona puruSa hAramona (Female and Male Harmones) kI sthiti cumbaka aura lohe ke samAna hotI hai / strI cumbaka ke samAna puruSa ko apanI ora AkarSita karatI hai, khIMcatI hai, to puruSa bhI strI ko apanI ora khIMcatA hai / yuvA strI puruSa meM to yaha AkarSaNa zakti adhika hotI hai / strI-puruSa kA vijAtIya ke prati AkarSaNa zarIra kI svAbhAvika racanA ke kAraNa bhI hotA hai, ataH brahma For Personal & Private Use Only

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302 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 3 cArI ko usa AkarSaNa - dAyare se dUra rahanA hitakArI hai / praNIta AhAra se vikArI huA purUSa kA citta usakI ora zIghratA aura saralatA se khiMca jAtA hai, ataH brahmavrata ke sAdhaka ko gariSTha AhAra ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha anya cAroM bhAvanAoM kA bhI anucintana karate rahanA cAhie jisase usakA brahmacarya vrata sthira evaM dRr3ha ho jAe / (Ya) aparigraha vrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM (1-5) sparzana-rasanA-ghrANa - cakSu zrotra - ina pA~ca indriyoM ke manojJa viSayoM meM rAga aura amanojJa viSayoM meM dveSa kI bhAvanA na rakhanA / - yaha to saMbhava nahIM ki vratI sAdhaka ko anukUla-pratikUla sparza na hoM, madhura aura kaTuka rasa, sugandha - durgandha, bIbhatsa aura sundara rUpa tathA sukhada aura karNakuTa zabdoM kA grahaNa na ho; vaha to hogA hI lekina vratI sAdhaka ko cAhie ki una meM rAga- - dveSa na kare, anukUla ke prati AkarSita na ho aura pratikUla ke prati mana meM aruci na lAye / indriya viSayoM ke prati samatva bhAvanA kA bAra-bAra cintana karatA rhe| * vizeSa sAmAnyataH pA~ca vratoM kI ina paccIsa bhAvanAoM ko mahAvratoM kI bhAvanA ko samajhA jAtA hai / Agama granthoM meM (yathA - AcArAMga, praznavyAkaraNa Adi) bhI aisA hI kathana hai / kyoMki AcArAMga meM ina bhAvanAoM kA varNana mahAvratoM ke sandarbha meM huA hai / vahA~ pATha haiM " tato NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre utpannanANadaMsaNadhare gotamAdINaM samaNANaM NiggaMthANaM paMcamahavvayAiM sabhAvaNAI chajjIvaNikAyAiM Aikkhati bhAsati parUveti taM jahA- puDhavikAe jAva tasakAe / AcArAMga, zru. 2, a. 15, sU. 776 (tatpazcAt kevalajJAna-darzana ke dhAraka zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gautama Adi zramaNa nirgranthoM ko (lakSya karake) bhAvanA sahita pA~ca mahAvratoM aura pRthvIkAya se lekara trasakAya taka chaha jIvanikAyoM ke svarUpa kA sAmAnyarUpa se kathana kiyA, vizeSa rUpa se vyAkhyA kI aura siddhAnta tathA tadvyatirikta rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA / ) - - yahA~ eka sAmAnya jijJAsA uThatI hai ki ina bhAvanAoM kA anucintana sirpha mahAvratI zramaNa santoM ko hI karanA cAhie, aNuvratI sAdhakoM ko nahIM ? kyA aNuvratI sAdhakoM ke lie inakA vidhAna nahIM hai ? athavA For Personal & Private Use Only

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303 AcAra - (virati - saMvara) unakI vrata-sAdhanA meM ina bhAvanAoM kA koI mahatva athavA sthAna nahIM hai? prathama vrata ahiMsA kI IryAsamiti bhAvanA ko hI leM / kyA aNuvratI ko mArga dekhakara nahIM calanA cAhie ? yadi vaha na calA to usakI kyA sthiti banegI, kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / Thokara khAkara dA~ta tor3a legA, kisI vAhana kI capeTa meM A jAyegA, gandagI se pA~va bhara legA, koI trasa jIva usake pA~vo se kucala jAyegA / isI prakAra kyA use anya cAroM bhAvanAoM kA cintana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ? kyA vaha mana ko belagAma ghor3e kI taraha chor3a de, vacanaviveka na rakhe athavA vastuoM ko binA dekhe - bhAle hI uThAye aura rkhe| aisI hI jijJAsAe~ anya vratoM kI bhAvanAoM ke viSaya meM kI jA sakatI hai / ina sabhI jijJAsAoM kA sAmAnya samAdhAna eka hI saMbhava hai aura vaha yaha ki jisa prakAra vratoM meM 'deza' (AMzika) aura 'sarva' (pUrNa) kA antara hai / usI prakAra ina bhAvanAoM meM bhI 'deza' aura 'sarva' kA antara hai / mahAvratI sAdhaka inhe (ina bhAvanAoM ko) ghUrNa rUpa se cintana karatA hai aura aNuvratI sAdhaka apanI maryAdA ke anusAra AMzika rUpa meM / jaise - aNuvratI ke lie apanI strI ke aMgoM ko chor3akara anya striyoM ko jinake prati vaha mAtA-bahana - putrI ke bhAva lA cukA hai, rAgapUrvaka dekhanA anucita hai, pApa hai aura sAmAjika dRSTi se aparAdha bhI hai / aisI hI bAta umAsvAti ke tattvArtha sUtra se bhI dhvanita hotI hai| unhoMne isa sUtra ke apane svopajJa bhASya meM bhI 'mahAvrata' zabda ina bhAvanAoM ke sandarbha meM nahIM diyA hai / sAmAnya 'ahiMsAyAH' 'satyavacanasya' 'asteyasya' 'brahmacaryasya' aura 'AMkicanasya' yaha zabda hI diye haiM / ataH isa prakAra kI sabhI jijJAsAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie yahI samajhanA adhika upayukta lagatA hai ki pA~coM vrato kI paccIsa saMbhAvanAe~ sAmAnya rUpa se varNita kI gaI hai / inakA anucintana aNuvratI aura mahAvratI - donoM ko hI apanI-apanI bhUmikAnusAra AMzika aura pUrNa rUpa se satata karanA cAhie / (tAlikA peja 304 305 para dekheM) For Personal & Private Use Only

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For Personal & Private Use Only ahiMsA 1 IryAsamiti 1 anuvIci bhASaNa bhAvanA bhAvanA 2 manogupti bhAvanA 2 krodha vacana - tyAga bhAvanA 3 eSaNAsamiti bhAvanA satya | pA~ca vratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAeM ( tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra ) 4 AdAna- nikSepaNA 4 bhaya vacana - tyAga samiti bhAvanA bhAvanA 5 Alokita pAna- 5 hAsya vacanabhojana-bhAvanA tyAga bhAvanA asteya T 1 anuvaca 3 lobha vacana - tyAga 3 avagraha avadhAraNa bhAvanA yAcanA avagraha yAcanA 2 abhIkSNa avagraha yAcanA 4 sAdharmika avagraha yAcanA brahmacarya T 1 asasaktavAsa samiti bhAvanA 2 strIkathA virati bhAvanA aparigraha 4 pUrvarata - pUrvakrIr3ita virati bhAvanA 1 sparzana indriya rAgadveSa varjana bhAvanA 2 rasanendriya viSaya rAga-dveSa varjana bhAvanA 3 strIrUpadarzana virati 3 ghANendriya viSaya bhAvanA rAga-dveSa varjana bhAvanA 4 cakSuindriya viSaya rAga-dveSa varjana bhAvanA 5 anujJApita bhojana- 5 praNIta AhAra tyAga 5 zrotra iMndriya pAna bhAvanA viSaya rAga-dveSa varjana bhAvanA 304 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 3

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305 AcAra-(virati-saMvara) pA~ca vratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAe AcArAMga (bhAvanA adhyayana) (samavAyAMga-samavAya 25) ahiMsA mahAvrata ahiMsA mahAvrata 1 IryAsamiti 1 IryAsamiti 2 manaparijJA 2 manogupti 3 vacanaparijJA 3 vacanagupti 4 AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti 4 Aloka pAna-bhojana 5 Alokita pAna-bhojana 5 AdAna bhAMDa mAtra nikSepaNA samiti satya mahAvrata satya mahAvrata 1 anuvIci bhASaNa 1 anuvIci bhASaNa 2 krodha pratyAkhyAna 2 krodha-viveka (krodha kA tyAga) 3 lobha pratyAkhyAna 3 lobha-viveka (lobha kA tyAga) 4 bhaya pratyAkhyAna (abhaya) 4 bhaya-viveka (bhaya kA tyAga) 5 hAsyapratyAkhyAna 5 hAsya-viveka (hAsya kA tyAga) acaurya mahAvrata acaurya mahAvrata 1 anuvIci mitAvagraha yAcana 1 avagrahAnujJApanatA 2 anujJApita pAna-bhojana 2 avagraha sImA parijJAna 3 avagraha-avadhAraNa 3 svayaM avagraha anugrahaNatA 4 abhIkSaNa avagraha yAcana 4 sAdharmikoM se avagraha kI yAcanA tathA paribhoga 5 sAdharmika ke pAsa se avagrahayAcana 5 sAdhAraNa bhojana ko AcArya Adi ko batAkara paribhoga krnaa| brahmacarya mahAvrata __ brahmacarya mahAvrata 1 strI kaMthAvarjana 1 strI pazunapuMsaka yuta zayAnAsana-varjana 2 strI-aMga-pratyaMga avalokana varjana 2 strI kathA varjana 3 pUrvabhuktabhogasmRti varjana 3 strI-indriya avalokana varjana 4 atimAtra va praNIta pAna-bhojana varjana 4 pUrva-bhukta pUrvakrIr3ita bhogasmaraNa varjana 5 strI-pazu-napuMsaka saMsakta zayanAsana 5 praNIta AhAra varjana varjana For Personal & Private Use Only

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306 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 3 aparigraha mahAvrata 1 manojJa - amanojJa zabda meM samabhAva " 2 3 4 5 " " " " Agama vacana " "/ "/ - rUpa gaMdha rasa sparza parasarIrasaMvegaNI / " "/ " aparigraha mahAvrata 1 zrotrendriya rAgoparati 2 cakSu indriya 3 ghANendriya 4 rasanendriya 5 sparzanendriya saMvegaNI kahA cauvvihA paNNattA, taM jahAparalogasaMvegaNI, ihalo saMvegaNI - " (saMvegaNI kathA cAra prakAra kI hotI hai, yathA (1) ihaloka - saMveganI (2) paraloka - saMveganI (3) svazarIra - saMveganI ( 4 ) parazarIra - saMveganI " NivvegaNI kahA cauvivhA paNNattA, taM jahAihaloge ducinnA kammA ihaloge - duhaphalavivAgasaMjuttA bhavaMti 191 ihaloge ducinnA kammA paraloge-, duhaphalavivAgasaMjuttA bhavaMti |2| paraloge ducinnA kammA ihaloge - duhaphalavivAgasaMjuttA bhavaMti | 3 | paraloge ducinnA kammA paralogeduhaphalavivAgasaMjuttA bhavaMti 4 / " For Personal & Private Use Only AtasarIrasaMvegaNI, sthAnAMga 4 / 2 nirvedI kathA ke cAra prakAra haiM, jaise (1) isa loka meM kiye hue bure Acarita karma isI loka meM burA phala dene vAle banate hai / (2) isa loka meM kiye hue azubhakarma paraloka meM dukhada phala dete haiN| (3) paraloka meM (duzcIrNa) bure karma paraloka meM dukhadAyI banate haiM / (4) paraloka meM kiye hue bure karma paraloka meM dukhadAyI banate hai / vizeSa - isI prakAra saMveganI kathA ke antargata sucIrNa (suciNNNA) zubhakarmoM kI caturbhagI hai /

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 307 pApa virati kI anya bhAvanAyeM - hiMsAdiSvihAmutra cApAyAvadyadarzanam / 4 / duHkhameva vA / 5 / hiMsA Adi (pA~co pApoM) ke hone se isa loka meM kaSTa aura paraloka meM aniSTa kA cintana karanA / 4 / athavA (yaha hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApa) duHkha rUpa hI haiM, aisI bhAvanA karanA / 5 / vivecana - prastuta donoM sUtroM meM hisAM Adi pApoM se virati ke lie kisa prakAra kA cintana karanA cAhie, isa bAta kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai / sUtra 4 meM hiMsA Adi ke pratyakSa kaSTakArI phala tathA paraloka sambandhI aniSTa phala ke cintana kI preraNA hai aura sUtra saMkhyA 5 meM samagra rUpa se eka hI bAta kaha dI gaI hai ki hiMsA Adi dukhaHrUpa hI haiM, arthAt pApa karate samaya to AtmA kA udvega tathA saMklezarupa pariNAma hote haiM aura usakA phala bhogate samaya to atyanta duHkha evaM pIr3A kA anubhava hotA hai| hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahma (vyabhicAra, para-dAra-vezyAgamana AdiH ke isa lokasambandhI kaTu phala to pratyakSa haiM hI / parigraha (dhana, jamIna) Adi bhI pratyakSa hI vaira-virodha va cintA kA kAraNa haiM, isake lie prANa bhI cale jAte haiM, putra bhAI Adi bhI zatru bana jAte haiM aura paraloka meM bhI durgati prApta hotI hai / yaha tathya bhI suvidita hai / Agama vacana - mittiM bhUehiM kappae ... - sUtrakRtAMga zru. 2, a. 15, gAthA 3 suppaDiyANaMdA - aupapAtika sUtra 1. pra. 20 sANu kkossayAe .. - aupapAtika, bhagavadupadeza majjhattho nijarApehI samAhimaNupAlae / - AcArAMga zru. 1, a. 8, u. 8, gA. 5 bhAvANAhiM ya suddhAhi, sammaM bhAvetu appayaM - uttarA 19/94 aNicce jIvalogammi / - uttarA. 18/11 jIviyaM ceva rUpaM ca, vijusaMpAyacaMcalam / - uttarA. 18/13 (samasta prANiyoM se maitrI bhAva rakhe / For Personal & Private Use Only

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308 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 4-7 apane se adhika guNa vAloM ko dekhakara Ananda meM bhara jAve / dukhI jIvoM para dayA kare / pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samAdhi kA pAlana karate hue, nirjarA kI apekSA karatA huA mAdhyastha bhAva rakhe / saMvega ke lie zubha bhAvanAoM se apane Apako acchI taraha cintana karake anitya jIvaloka meM jIvana aura rUpa bijalI camaka ke samAna caMcala hai, yaha ciMtana kare / yoga bhAvanAe~ evaM zarIra-saMsAra svarUpa cintana maitrI pramodakAruNyamAdhyasthyAni satvaguNAdhikyaklizyamAnA vinayeSu |6| jagat kAyasvabhAvau ca saMvegavairAgyArtham / 7 / sarva sAdhAraNa jIvoM meM maitrIbhAva, adhika guNavAloM meM pramodabhAva, duHkhI prANiyoM meM kAruNyabhAva aura avinayI evaM ayogya prANiyoM ke prati mAdhyasthya bhAva rakhanA (cintana karanA) / saMvega tathA vairAgya ke lie jagat aura kAya ke svabhAva kA cintana karanA / vivecana - pUrvokta sUtra 4 ara 5 meM duHkhaphalau vipAka pradAna karane vAlI bhAvanAoM kA kathana kiyA gayA thA, vahA~ sUcana thA ki ina bhAvanAoM ke cintana se hiMsAdi pApoM se virati dRr3ha kareM / jabaki prastuta sUtra 6 aura 7 meM vidheyAtmaka bhAvanAoM ke ciMtana kI preraNA hai / maitrI Adi vidheyAtmaka bhAvanAe~ haiM / inake cintana se vratI sAdhaka meM ahiMsA, kSamA, titikSA aura dayA ke bhAva dRr3hIbhUta hote haiM aura jagat ke svabhAva tathA zarIra ke svarUpa kI vAstavikatA jAnane se - inake kSaNa-kSaNa parivartita hote hue svabhAva para anuprekSAtmaka cintana karane se saMvega aura vairAgya ke bhAva dRr3ha hote haiM / maitrI bhAvanA - maitrI kA abhiprAya hai sabhI prANiyoM kI hita cintA karanA maitrIpareSAM hitacintanaM yad ( zAntasudhArasa bhAvanA) / 1 isa maitrI bhAvanA kA AdhyAtmika aura vyAvahArika donoM hI dRSTIyoM se jIvana meM kAphI mahatva hai / maitra bhAvanA se anya prANI bhI prabhAvita hote haiM, yahA~ taka ki hiMsaka pazu bhI sAdhaka ke prati upadravoM nahIM banate / ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 309 Atmika sandarbha meM maitrI kA abhiprAya haiM - apanI AtmA kI rAgadveSa, krodha Adi kaSAyoM se rakSA, kaSAyoM ko utpanna na hone denA, yahI AtmA kA hita hai aura maitrI bhAvanA se sAdhaka isI hita ko sAdhatA hai / / pramoda bhAvanA- guNoM kA vicAra karake una guNoM meM harSita honA, pramoda bhAva hai / isa bhAvanA se sAdhaka meM guNagrahaNa kA bhAva jAgRta hotA hai, vaha adhika se adhika guNa apane andara samAviSTa karane ko prayatnazIla ho jAtA hai, vaha avaguNoM meM bhI guNa darzana kara use grahaNa karatA hai, jaise haMsa pAnI ko alaga karake kSIra grahaNa karatA hai / sAdhaka kI AtmA guNasaMpanna ho jAtI hai / isa bhAvanA ke abhyAsa se AtmA meM svAbhAvika mudrita vRtti prasannatA banI rahatI hai / kArUNya bhAvanA - dIna vyaktiyoM para anugraha kA bhAva rakhanA, athavA duHkhI prANiyoM ke kaSTa ko miTAne kA bhAva karuNA hai / saMsAra ke prANI zArIrika, mAnasika Adi aneka prakAra ke dukhoM se pIr3ita haiM / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki unhe jo duHkha, kleza, kaSTa Adi mile haiM; ye saba unake pUrvajanma ke athavA isI janma ke azubhakarmoM ke phala haiM, lekina vratI sAdhaka ko yaha nahIM socanA cAhie ki 'inheM apane kiye kA phala bhogane do|' apitu yathAzakti unake duHkha ko dUra karane kA upAya bhI karanA caahie| * mAdhyasthya bhAvanA- saMsAra meM sabhI apane anukUla nahIM ho sakate / jIvoM kI ruci-pravRtti bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI hai / kucha sajjana, ziSTa vinayI hote haiM to durjana duSToM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai / vratI sAdhaka kA kartavya hai ki durjanoM aura avinayI puruSoM (prANiyoM) para dveSa na kare; apitu mAdhyastha bhAva rakhe / mAdhyastha kA abhiprAya hai unakI kalyANa-kAmanA karate hue, unakI apriyavRttiyoM ke prati upekSA bhAva rakhanA, taTastha rahanA / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI meM - uvei eNaM bahiyA ya logaM se savva logammi je keI viNNU / - AcArAMga 1, 4/3 apane dharma ke viparIta rahane vAle vyakti ke prati bhI upekSA bhAva rkho| kyoMki jo koI virodhI ke prati upekSA- taTasthatA rakhatA hai, usake kAraNa udvigna nahIM hotA, vaha vizva ke samasta vidvAnoM meM ziramaura hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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310 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7: sUtra 8 1 jagat aura kAya ke svarUpa - cintana kA phala prastuta sUtra meM saMvega aura vairAgya zabda AyA hai / saMvega kA abhiprAya hai- caturgati rUpa saMsAra se bhayabhIta honaa| dUsare zabdoM me yaha saMsAra duHkhamaya hai| cAroM gatiyoM meM duHkha hai / jo indriya-sukha Adi dikhAI dete bhI haiM; unakA bhI anta dukha hI hai / saMsAra ke aise svabhAva ke cintana se hRdaya meM saMvega jAgrata hotA hai / zarIra kI bhI yahI dazA hai / granthoM ke anusAra mAnava zarIra meM sAr3he pAMca karor3a roga haiM / Aja ke yuga meM bhI naye-naye roga sunane meM A rahe hai| zarIra vyAdhiyoM kA ghara hai / kSaNa-kSaNa meM isameM parirvatana ho rahA hai, yaha sthAI nahIM hai, vinAzadharmA hai| isa prakAra zarIra ke svabhAva ko jAnane se isake prati moha ghaTatA hai / ataH saMsAra aura zarIra kI vAstavika sthiti ko jAnane tathA usakA bAra-bAra cintana karane se saMvega aura vairAgya meM dRr3hatA AtI hai / saMvega kA eka artha yaha bhI hai, samyak + vega - saMvega / dharma evaM zubha kAryoM ke prati utsAha, tathA vairAgya kA artha hai indriya-sukhoM se virakti / Agama vacana tattha NaM jete pamattasaMjayA te asuhaM jogaM paDucca AyAraMbhA parAraMbhA jAva No aNAraMbhA / bhavagatI, za. 1, u. 1, sUtra 49 - - (pramattasaMyata guNasthAna vAle muni bhI azubhayoga ko prApta hokara AtmArambha hue bhI parArambha ho jAte hai aura pUrNa Arambha karane lagate hai / hote vizeSa pramattasaMyata guNasthAna vAle muni bhI pramAda ke yoga se punaH prANavyaparopaNa rUpa hisA meM laga sakate haiM / anya logoM kI to bAta hI kyA ? hiMsA ke lakSaNa - - - - pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA | 8 | (pramAda ke yogapUrvaka prANoM kA viyoga honA hiMsA hai / ) vivecana prastuta sUtra meM 'pramattayoga', 'prANa' aura 'vyaparopaNa' yaha tInoM zabda mahatvapUrNa haiM / inako bhalI bhA~ti samajhe binA hiMsA aura isake viparIta ahiMsA ko bhI sahI artho meM samajhanA saMbhava nahIM hai / vyaparopaNa isake aneka artha hote hai, jaise dUra karanA, nAza karanA, - For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 311 hiMsA karanA, mAranA, prANoM kA viyoga karanA, prANo kA vadha karanA, dehAntara ko saMkrama ,karA denA, dusarI gati ko pahuMcA denA, Adi hai / vyaparopaNa meM mAranA, pITanA, tAr3anA, tarjanA Adi bhI sabhI kriyAe~ garbhita haiM jinase jIva ko kaSTa athavA duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai| prANa - prANa kA artha hai jIvana dhAraNa karane vAlI zakti / yaha dasa hai (1) sparzanendriyabala, (2) rasanendriyabala, (3) ghrANendriyabala, (4) cakSuindriyabala (5) zrotraindriyabala (6) manobala (7) vacanabala (8) kAyabala (9) zvAsocchvAsa aura (10) AyuSyabala / pramAda - AtmA ko apane svarUpa (yA kartavya) ke prati bebhAna karane vAlI vRtti pramAda hai| AcaraNa kI dRSTi se isake pandraha bheda batAye haiM (1) mada (madya athavA mada-abhimAna) (2-6) pA~ca indriyoM ke viSaya (7-10) vikathA (strIkathA, rAjakathA, bhojanakathA, dezakathA) (11-14) cAra kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) aura (15) nidrA / ina pandraha prakAra ke pramAdoM meM se kisI eka athavA adhika ke vazIbhUta hokara mana-vacana-kAyA (inameM se bhI kisI eka, do, athavA tInoM) ke yogoM ke dvArA kisI ke prANoM ko kaSTa pahuMcAnA, mAranA, pITanA, tAr3anA, tarjanA denA athavA jIvana hI samApta kara denA hisA hai / __ yahA~ 'pramatta' zabda viziSTa artha ko lie hue hai / sAdhAraNatayA yaha zaMkA uThAI jAtI hai ki yadi pravRtti meM pramAda na ho aura kisI jIva kA ghAta ho jAya to vaha hiMsA kI koTi meM AtA hai yA nahIM? . isa zaMkA kA karmazAstrasammata samAdhAna isa prakAra hai - pramAda kA astitva chaThe guNasthAna taka rahatA hai / usake Age ke guNasthAnoM meM pramAda chUTa jAtA hai / ataH usase pahale kI (chaThaveM guNasthAna taka kI ) sabhI bhUmikAoM meM pramAda kA astitva rahane se mAnava (prANImAtra) ko hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai / hA~ yaha avazya hai ki hiMsA rUpa bhAva na hone se hiMsA kA doSa ati sUkSma mAtrA meM lagatA hai / apramatta avasthA meM yadi zarIra pravRtti se kisI jIva kI virAdhanA ho jAtI hai to vahA~ sAdhaka ko hiMsA-doSa kama lagatA hai / isa apekSA se hiMsA ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- (1) bhAvahiMsA (2) dravyahiMsA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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312 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 8 bhAvahiMsA vaha hai jabaki mana-vacana-kAyA tInoM yoga hiMsA meM jur3e hoM, yAnI tInoM yogoM kI pravRtti hiMsA rUpa ho / jaise- kasAI dvArA bakare kA 1 vadha / dravyahiMsA vaha hai jahA~ hiMsArUpa pariNAma (bhAva) na hoM, kintu akasmAt hI kisI kA vadha ho jAya, koI mara jAya, jaise DAkTara kisI rogI kI kaiMsara kI gA~Tha nikAlane ke lie Aparezana karatA hai, cIra-phAr3a karatA hai, usakI bhAvanA rogI kI jIvana-rakSA haiM; kintu rogI mara jAtA to yaha dravyahiMsA hai / - isI prakAra koI zramaNa yA zrAvaka acchI taraha dekhabhAla kara cala rahA hai, usane dekha liyA ki sar3aka para koI jIva nahIM haiM; kintu akasmAt koI cIMTI usake pA~va ke nIce Akara daba jAtI hai, mara jAtI hai to hiMsA rUpa bhAva na hone se yaha dravyahiMsA hai / uparokta donoM dRSTAntoM meM hiMsA kA doSa nahIMvat hai / bahuta se ahiMsA ke svarUpa se anajAna vyakti isa prakAra kI zaMkAe~ uThAte haiM ki - zvAsocchvAsa se asaMkhya vAyukAyika jIvoM kI virAdhanA hotI hai to zramaNa - sAdhu bhI ahiMsaka nahIM hai / unake isa AkSepa kA nirasana bhI uparokta varNana se ho jAnA cAhie ki sAdhu ke bhAva hiMsA ke nahIM hai, phira zvAsocchvAsa to jIvana kI / zarIra kI svAbhAvika prakriyA hai, ise rokA nahIM jA sakatA, ise rokane kA artha hai AtmahatyA, jo svayaM hiMsA hai / ataH zvAsocchvAsa letA huA sAdhu ahiMsaka hI kahA jAyegA / Agama vacana - aliya .... asaccaM .. saMdhattaNaM. asambhava aliyaM / prazna vyAkaraNa, Asrava dvAra 2 prazna vyAkaraNa, Asrava dvAra 3 praznavyAkaraNa, Asrava dvAra 4 dazavaikAlika a. 6, gA. 21 asatya hai / 1 adattaM. te Nikko abambha mehuNaM mucchA pariggaho ( jaisA na ho vaisA sthApita karanA binA diye hue ko lenA corI hai maithuna karanA abrahma pApa kahalAtA hai / / - .. For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 313 cetana-acetana rUpa parigraha meM mamatva bhAva rUpa mUrchA parigraha hai / asatya Adi ke lakSaNa - asadbhidhAnamanRtam / / adattAdAnaM steyaM / 10 / maithunamabrahma / 11 / mUrchA parigrahaH / 12 / asat ko sthApita karanA/kahanA anRta (an:Rta) asatya hai / 9 / (svAmI dvArA) binA diye hue kisI vastu ko lenA corI hai|10| (strI-purUSa ke) mithunabhAva athavA/mithuna karma maithuna/abrahma hai / 11 / (vastuoM meM) mamatva bhAva (mUrchA) rakhanA parigraha hai / 12 / vivecana - prastuta 9 se 12 taMka ke cAra sUtroM meM asatya, steya, abrahma aura pararigraha ke lakSaNa batAye gaye hai / asatya - isake lie sUtra meM anRta zabda diyA gayA hai Rta kA abhiprAya hai jo sarala ho, satya ho, trikAla abAdhita ho / jo Rta hai, vaha 'sat' hai / yad RtaM tat sat / isake viparIta 'asat' hai / asat kA abhidhAna/sthApana karanA asatya hai / sat zabda ke prastuta saMdarbha meM artha haiM - (1) vidyamAna aura (2.) prazaMsA / isa prakAra sUtrokta asat zabda se tIna artha pratimAsita hote haiM - (1) vidyamAna athavA sadbhAva kA niSedha karanA (2) arthAntara karanA aura (3) nindA athavA aprazasta vacana bolanA / sadbhAva athavA satya sthiti ke viparIta kahanA, usakA anya artha kara denA, kucha kA kucha batA denA, Adi sabhI vidyamAna ke niSedha tathA usake arthAntara hone se asatya vacana haiM / prazasta se abhiprAya hai- priya aura hitakArI vacana / aise vacana jo satya hote hue bhI dUsare ke hRdaya ko duHkhI kareM, aprazasta hone se asatya vacana hI haiM. kaTu, karkaza, niMdya Adi vacana bhI asatya kI koTiM meM hI haiN| steya - svAmI dvArA binA diye hue usakI vastu ko uThA lenA, grahaNa kara lenA, steya athavA corI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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314 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 9-12 corI meM lobhavRtti vizeSa rUpa se kAma karatI hai / mAnava dUsare ke svAmitva kI vastu kA apaharaNa aura grahaNa lAlaca ke kAraNa hI karatA hai / zAstra meM kahA hai- lobhAvile Ayayai adattaM - prANI lobhagrasta hokara hI dUsare kI vastu letA hai / ataH corI kI icchA se kisI vastu ko lenA steya kahalAtA yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai ki 'steya' kI sImA bahuta sUkSma hai / dAMta kuredane ke lie tinakA bhI binA diye lenA niSiddha hai / "daMta sohaNamAyassa adattassa vivajjaNaM (uttarA) / " abrahma - cAritramohanIya karma kI veda prakRti ke vipAkodaya se strIpuruSa meM jo sparza Adi kI icchA hotI hai, usa icchA ke anurUpa jo vacana pravRtti hotI hai, tathA karma (mithuna-karma) hotA hai, vaha. maithuna hai aura vahI abrahma hai- abrahma kA sevana hai / parigraha - parigraha kA zAbdika artha hai- sabhI ora se grahaNa karanA (pari-cAroM ora se, graha-grahaNa karanA) / kintu prastuta meM parigraha kA abhiprAya mamatva-mUrchA se hai / mUrchA kA abhiprAya hai - gaharA mamatva / mamatva bhAva jitanA gaharA hogA, mUrchA bhI utanI hI adhika hogI / ___ mUrchA kA laukika artha behozI athavA svayaM kA bhAna bhUla jAnA hai / isI prakAra AtmA jaba apane svarUpa kA bhAna bhUlakara para meM - rAga- dveSa Adi bhAvoM, paudgalika vastuoM meM gRddha ho jAtA hai, unase mamatva karatA hai, AdhyAtmika dRSTi se yahI mUrchA hai, yahI parigraha hai / vizeSa - asatya, steya, abrahma aura parigraha kA niSedha ahiMsA vrata kI rakSA ke lie hai, athavA ye hiMsA ke hI vistAra hai / kyoMki AtmA kI rAga-dveSAtmaka vRtti hI hiMsA hai aura rAga-dveSa-moha ke binA asatya Adi cAroM kI pravRtti saMbhava hI nahIM ho sakatI / isIlie 'hiMsA' ke lakSaNa meM diyA gayA 'pramattayoga' zabda ina cAroM meM bhI yojita kara (lagA) lenA cAhie; jaise 'pramAdayoga se asat ko sthApita karanA anRta (asatya hai)' Adi / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki hiMsA Adi pA~co pApa pandraha prakAra ke pramAda se prerita hue mana-vacana-kAya yogoM dvArA hote haiM / isa apekSA se mana meM durbhAva na rakhanA, apriya-kaTuka-niMdya vacana nahIM bolanA aura kAya se aisI koI ceSTA bhI nahIM karanA, satya hai / arthAt For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 315 mana-vacana-kAya tInoM yogoM kI RjutA-saralatA satya ke lie apekSita hai| isI prakAra mana-vacana-kAya-tInoM yogoM meM corI kA bhAva na AnA, tatsambandhI vacana na nikalanA aura zarIra-pravRtti na honA-acaurya hai / yaha sthiti abrahma ke viSaya meM hai / vahAM tInoM yogoM kI vAsanAtmaka pravRtti na ho tabhI brahmacarya mAnA jAyagA / aura mamatva/mUrchA bhAva kA tInoM yogoM meM na AnA aparigraha hai / Agama vacana - paDi kamAmi tihiM salle hiM - mAyAsalleNaM niyANasalleNaM micchAdasaNaM salleNaM / - Avazyaka. catu. Avazyaka. sUtra 7 (maiM tIna zalyoM kA pratikramaNa karatA hU~ - (1) mAyAzalya kA (2) nidAnazalya kA aura (3) mithyAdarzanazalya kA / (isa prakAra pratikramaNa karanA hI vratI kA lakSaNa hai / ) vratI kI anivArya yogyatA niHzalyovratI / 13 / / (jyo zalyarahita hai, vaha vratI hai / ) vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM vratI kI anivArya yogyatA kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai, vaha yogyatA hai niHzalya athavA zalyarahita honA / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo zalyarahita hokara vrata grahaNa karatA hai, vahI saccA vratI hai / zalya, sAdhAraNa zabdoM meM kA~Te athavA pIr3AkArI vastu ko kahA jAtA hai / isakA vyutpattyartha hai - zrRNAti hinasti iti zalyam / jisa prakAra pA~va meM lagA huAM kA~TA sukha-suvidhApUrvaka caraNa nahIM rakhane detA, calane nahIM detA, isI prakAra mana meM rahA huA zalya vratoM kA sahI DhaMga se AcaraNa nahIM karane detA / zalya eka mAnasika doSa hai / yaha tIna prakAra kA hai - (1) mAyA, (2) nidAna aura (3) mithyAdarzana / mAyA kA abhiprAya haiM DhoMga, kapaTa, vaMcanA; nidAna viSaya-bhogoM kI tIvra lAlasA hai aura mithyAdarzana asatya zraddhAna hai / isako palaTa kara yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM, jise tatva kA sahI vizvAsa na hogA, usake For Personal & Private Use Only

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316 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 13-14-15 hRdaya meM viSayoM kI abhilASA rahegI aura taba usake vrata sirpha bAharI ADambara dikhAvA mAtra hI raha jAyeMge / ataH ina tInoM prakAra ke zalyoM ko nikAla kara vrata grahaNa karane vAlA vyakti hI yathArtha vratI (tyAgI) hotA hai / Agama vacana - carittadhamme duvihe pannatte, taM jahAAgAra carittadhamme ceva aNagAra carittadhamme ceva / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 1 AgAradharma .. .aNuvvayAi ityAdi ... - aupapAtika sUtra zrI vIra dezanA (cAritradharma do prakAra kA hai, yathA (1) AgAracAritradharma athavA gRhasthadharma aura (2) anagAracAritra dharma athavA muni dharma / / aNuvrata Adi dhAraNa karanA AgAra cAritradharma hai / vratI ke bheda - agAryanagarAzca / 14 / aNuvrato'gArI / 15 / . (vratI do prakAra ke haiM - (1) agArI aura (2) anagAra aNuvratoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA agArI (gRhastha) vratI hai / ) vivecana - prastuta sUtra 14 meM vratI ke do prakAra batAye gaye hai - (1) agArI aura (2) anagAra; tathA sUtra 15 meM agAra (gRhastha) vratI kA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai ki aNuvratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA agAra vratI hotA hai| 'anagAra' zabda ke do artha hote haiM - prathama, jisakA apanA koI ghara na ho arthAt vaha aniketacArI ho aura dUsarA, jisake vratoM meM kisI prakAra kA AgAra, chUTa athavA Exception na ho / anagAra kA sarala aura bahupracalita zabda hai zramaNa, sAdhu, nirgrantha / inhI zabdoM se jana-mAnasa meM anagAra vratI kI pahacAna hotI hai / ina sarvavirata -mahAvratI sAdhuoM ke tIna bheda hai - (1) AcArya (2) upAdhyAya aura (3) sAdhu / yaha bheda saMgha kI vyavasthA kI apekSA se hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra - (virati - saMvara) 317 ina tInoM ke hI mUla guNa to ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha yaha pA~ca mahAvrata athavA sarvavrata hI haiM; kintu AcArya ke chattIsa, upAdhyAya ke paccIsa aura sAdhu ke sattAIsa guNa zAstroM meM batAye gaye haiM / - anagAra aura agAra kI sAdhanA meM mUla bheda yaha hai ki sAdhu to ahiMsA Adi pA~coM mUla guNoM kA samagrarUpa se pAlana karatA haiM; kintu agAra (gRhastha ) sAdhaka ina mUla guNoM kA pAlana alpataH apanI zakti ke anusAra hI kara pAtA hai / samagrarUpa kA abhiprAya hai mana, vacana aura kAya tInoM yogoM aura kRta-kArita - anumata- tInoM karaNoM se hiMsA Adi pAMcoM pApoM kA tyAga kara denA / udAharaNataH sAdhu na svayaM hisA karatA hai, na kisI anya se karavAtA hai aura na hiMsA karanevAle kA anumodana karatA hai / mana se bhI nahIM karatA, hiMsAkArI vacana bhI nahIM bolatA hai aura kAyA se bhI aisI koI ceSTA nahIM karatA jisase hiMsA kA anumodana yA samarthana hotA ho / - isI prakAra vaha satya, acaurya aura brahmacarya kA bhI pAlana karatA hai| sAdhu 14 prakAra ke antaraMga aura 10 prakAra ke bAhya parigraha' kA bhI sarvathA tyAgI hotA hai / 1. kintu gRhastha sAdhaka itanI ucca bhUmikA para pahu~cA huA nahIM hotA, use pArivArika-sAmAjika dAyitva bhI pUra karane hote haiM / isalie vaha ina mUla guNoM athavA mUlavratoM kI aMzataH sAdhanA kara pAtA hai / aNuvratI sAdhaka mana, vacana, kAyA aura kRtakArita se hiMsA (ka) caudaha prakAra ke ataraMga parigraha (1) mithyAtva (2) rAga (3) dveSa (4) krodha (5) mAna (6) mAyA (7) lobha (8) hAsya (9) rati (10) arati (11) zoka (12) bhaya (13) jugupsA (14) veda / (kha) dasa prakAra bAhya parigraha (1) kSetra (2) vAstu (3) hiraNya (4) suvarNa (5) dhana (6) dhAnya (7) dvipada (8) catuSpada (9) kupya (10) mitra jJAti saMyoga (mitra, svajana, parivArI jana Adi ) / - - For Personal & Private Use Only

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318 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 16 Adi pA~coM pApoM (bandhahetuoM) kA tyAga kara detA hai kintu usakA anumodana khulA rahatA hai / isI kAraNa usake vrata aNuvrata kahalAte hai / / phira aisA bhI saMbhava hai ki apanI paristhiti ke anusAra vaha brahmacarya Adi vratoM meM 'kArita' karaNa bhI khulA rakhe / athavA eka yoga eka karaNa se hI dhAraNa kare / isI apekSA se to usake vrata AgAra (chUTa yA Exception) sahita hote hai aura vaha AgArI sAdhaka kahalAtA hai, agArI kahA jAtA hai / AgAra yAnI ghara meM rahakara sAdhanA karane ke kAraNa bhI use agArI athavA AgArI kahA gayA hai / ahiMsA Adi pA~coM vrata, cAhe agArI sAdhaka ke hoM athavA anagArI sAdhaka ke, donoM ke hI yaha mUla guNa athavA mUlavrata kahalAte haiM / Agama vacana - AgAradhamma duvAlasavihaM Aikkhai, taM jahA- . paMca aNuvvayAiM tiNNi guNavvayAiM cattAri sikkhAvayAI / tiNNi guNavvayAI, taM jahA-aNatthadaMDaveramaNaM disivvayaM upabhoga paribhoga parimANaM / cattAri sikkhAvayAI, taM jahA-sAmAiyaM desAvagAsiyaM posahovavAse atihi saMvibhAge / - aupapAtika sUtra, zrI vIra dezanA, sUtra 57 (AgAra dharma tIna prakAra kA hai - pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata, cAra zikSAvrata / tIna guNavrata yaha haiM- (1) anarthadaNDaviramaNa (2) digvata aura (3) upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata / cAra zikSAvrata hai - (1) sAmAyika (2) dezAvakAzika vrata (3) proSadhopavAsa vrata aura (4) atithi saMvibhAga vrata / zrAvaka ke guNavrata aura zikSAvrata / digdezAnarthadaNDa viratisAmAyika pauSadhopavAsopabhogaparibhoga(parimANAtithisaMvibhAgavatasaMpannazca / 16 / aura (vaha agArI - gRhastha zrAvaka) 1. digvata 2. dezavrata 3. anarthadaNDa viramaNa vrata. 4. sAmAyika vrata 5. pauSadhopavAsa vrata 6. upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata aura 7. atithi saMvibhAga vrata - ina sAta vratoM se bhI sampanna hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 319 vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM ginAe gaye zrAvaka ke yaha sAta vrata, mUlavrata aNuvratoM kI apekSA, uttakhata bhI kahalAte haiM / Agama meM inameM se prathama tIna vrata guNavrata kahe gaye haiM aura Age ke cAra vratoM ko zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai| kintu eka bheda aura bhI hai / vaha yaha ki AgamoM meM digvata, upabhogaparibhoga parimANavrata aura anarthadaNDa viramaNavrata- ina tIna vratoM ko guNavrata kahA gayA hai tathA sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika, pauSadhopavAsa aura atithisaMvibhAga vrata ina cAra vratoM ko zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai / dezAvakAzika vrata ko dezaMsavara (AMzika saMvara) aura pauSadhopavAsavrata ko pratipUrNa saMvara bhI kahA jAtA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura AgamoM meM jo vratoM ke krama meM bheda dRSTigocara hotA hai yAnI sUtrakAra ne Agamokta upabhoga-paribhoga tathA dezavrata kA paraspara sthAna badala diyA, usake tIna kAraNa saMbhava dikhAI dete he / 1. sUtra kI saMkSipta zailI 2. guNavrata aura zikSAvrata - isa prakAra ke vibhAjana ko gauNa karake uttaraguNa-isa dRSTi ko pramukha rakhakara varNana kara denA / 3. dezavrata ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM mata-bhinnatA / / dezavrata ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM AcAryoM kI do paramparAyeM milatI hai| .. eka paramparA ke AcAryoM kA hemacandra (samantabhadra AcArya Adi) mantavya yaha hai ki dezavrata meM sirpha digvata meM bAMdhI haI sImAoM ko hI pratidina kI upayogitA kI dRSTi se aura bhI sImita kiyA jAtA hai; jaisA ki caudaha niyamoM ke cintana meM zrAvaka 'disi' zabda para vicAra karake apanI pratidina kI gamanAgamana kI sImA nizcita kara letA hai / yahA~ 'deza' zabda kA artha 'dizA' mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI paramparA Avazyaka vRtti Adi kI yaha hai ki dezavrata meM zrAvaka digvata kI sImA to kama karatA hai hI, sAtha hI bhogopabhoga Adi anya vratoM meM nirdhArita dravyoM Adi ko bhI kama kara letA hai ki Aja isase yogazAstra | 384digbate parimANaM yattasya saMkSepaNaM punaH / dine rAtrau ca dezAvakA zikabratamucyate // For Personal & Private Use Only

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320 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 16 adhika vastuoM kA sevana nahI karUMgA / sAtha hI anya sAMsArika pravRttiyoM ko bhI aura adhika apane dina bhara ke athavA nizcita kAla ke lie sImita kara letA hai / sAvadya pravRttiyoM ke tyAga kI apekSA hI ise dezasaMvara kahA jAtA hai / isa paribhASA ke anusAra 'deza' zabda kA artha 'AMzika' ho jAtA hai| zrAvaka ke ina sAta uttaravratoM kA hama bhI guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM meM vibhAjana karake hI saMkSipta paricaya deMge / guNavrata - yaha tIna haiM 1. digvata 2. upabhoga-paribhogaparimANa vrata aura 3. anarthadaNDaviramaNa vrata / zrAvaka ina vratoM ko jIvana bhara ke lie grahaNa karatA - (1) divrata - isa vrata meM zrAvaka Urdhva, (U~cI), adho (nIcI) yAni bhUmi se Upara AkAza meM aura pRthvI tala se nIce-sAgara, bhUmigRha, Adi meM, tiryak dizA yAni pUrva-pazcima uttara aura dakSiNa (sAtha hI Agneya, naiRtya, vAyavya aura IzAna) ina sabhI dizAoM meM apane vyApAra Adi sAvadha kArya hetu jAne-Ane kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa kara letA hai / yathA amuka dizA meM itane kosa, mIla, kilomITara Adi se adhika gamanAgamana nahIM kruuNgaa| (2) upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata - eka bAra hI jina padArthoM kA bhoga kiyA jA sakatA hai va upabhoga kahalAte haiM; jaise jala, anna Adi; aura jina vastuoM kA bAra-bAra upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve paribhoga kahalAte haiM; jaise vastra, makAna, zaiyA Adi / isa vrata meM vratI gRhastha upa bhoga-paribhoga kI sabhI vastuoM kI apanI AvazyakatAnusAra sImA nizcata kara letA hai / isI ko upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata kahA jAtA hai| yaha sImA aisI hotI hai jisase sAdhaka ko kaSTa yA abhAva kA anubhava bhI na ho aura vyartha kI vastuoM kA saMcaya bhI na ho / sAtha hI vaha karmAdAnoM kA tyAga bhI karatA hai / upabhoga-paribhoga kI 26 vastueM upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM batAI gaI hai aura karmAdAna 15 haiM / 1. Avazyaka sUtra kI vRtti For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 321 upabhoga-paribhoga kI vastuoM kI gaNanA isa prakAra hai - 1. zarIra pauMchane kA aMgochA Adi 2. dAMta sApha karane kA maMjana Adi. 3 nahAne ke kAma Ane vAle AMvale Adi phala (sAbuna) 4. mAliza ke lie tela Adi 5. ubaTana ke lie pITI Adi. 6. snAna ke lie jala 7. pahanane ke vastra 8. vilepana ke lie candana Adi (krIma Adi sugandhita padArtha) 9. phUla-puSpamAlA 10. AbharaNa (AbhUSaNa) 112. dhUpa-dIpa 12. peya padArtha 13. pakavAnna miThAI Adi 14. odana-bhAta Adi pAnI meM ubAlakara pakAe jAne vAle bhojya padArtha 25. sUpa-dAla (pulses) Adi, 16. ghI, tela, gur3a Adi vigaya, 17. zAka (Green Vegetables) 18. mAdhuraka (dry and green fruits) 19. jImaNa-bhojana ke padArtha, 20. pIne kA pAnI, 21. mukha-vAsa ilAyacI Adi, 22 .vAhana-zakaTa, ratha, yAna Adi, 23. jUte-cappala 24. zayyA-Asana 25. sacitta vastueM jo agni Adi se acitta na huI hoM, hare phala, kaccA pAnI Adi 26. bhojana ke anya padArtha / ___yaha sUcI prAcIna yuga kI hai / vartamAna yuga meM pracalita tathA nitya upabhoga-paribhoga meM Ane vAlo vastuoM; jaise-skUTara, kAra. TI.vI. Tepa TrAMjisTara Adi bhI inhI vastuoM ke antargata samAviSTa hote hai / karmAdAna una vyavasAyo ko kahA gayA hai, jinameM atyadhika Arambha aura hiMsA hotI hai tathA Atma-pariNAmoM meM krUratA kI mAtrA adhika rahatI hai / yaha pandraha hai / 1. agni sambandhI kArya; jaise IMTa, cUne kA bhaTTA lagAnA, koyale banAnA Adi / (aMgArakarma) - 2. jaMgala kA ThekA lekara vRkSa, ghAsa Adi kATanA (vanakarma) 3. ratha, (skUTara, rikzA) Adi vAhana banAkara becanA (zakaTakarma) 4. vibhinna prakAra ke vAhana - (rikzA, moTAra, TeksI Adi) kirAye para denA (bhATakarma) 5. khAna tathA tAlAba Adi bhUmi khudavAne kA vyavasAya karanA / (sphoTa karma). 6. hAthI dA~ta Adi kA vyApAra (danta vANijya) 7. lAkha Adi kA vyApAra / (lAkSA vANijya) For Personal & Private Use Only

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322 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 16 / 8. zarAba Adi nazIlI vastue~ banAne kA vyavasAya (distillary) / (rsvaannijy)| 9. bAla (keza) athavA keza vAle pazuoM kA vyApAra, meMr3haka, machalI, sAMpa Adi kI khAle becanA, niryAta (Export) karanA bhI isI meM sammilita hai / (keza vANijya) - 10. jahara (poison) tathA jaharIle kemikala (chemical) Adi kA vyApAra / (viSa vaannijy)| 11. tela mila (Oil mills) Adi kA vyApAra / (yaMtra-pIlana krm)| 12. jaMgala Adi meM Aga lagAne kA vyApAra / (dAvAgni dApana krm)| 13. tAlAba Adi ko sukhAne kA vyavasAya / (sarohrada taDAMga zoSaNatA karma) 14. prANiyoM ke avayava kATane, unheM napuMsaka banAne kA dhandhA / (nirlAJchana karma) 15. asAmAjika tatvoM ko saraMkSaNa denA, hiMsaka pazuoM ko pAlanA aura unase dhandhA karanA / (asItajanapoSaNatA karma) yaha aura Adhunika yuga meM pracalita anya sabhI aise hI hiMsaka vyavasAya jaise matsya pAlana, murgI pAlana Adi bhI karmAdAnoM meM samAviSTa haiM / / tathya yaha hai ki upabhoga-paribhogaparimANavata dvArA vratI zrAvaka apane upabhoga-paribhoga meM AnevAlI vastuoM kI sImA nirdhAraNa ke sAtha-sAtha hiMsaka tathA samAja ke lie ahitakara vyavasAyoM kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| vaha ahiMsaka DhaMga se AjIvikA kA upArjana karatA hai / bauddha paramparA meM ise samyag AjIvikA kahA hai / (3) anarthadaNDaviramaNavrata - agnikAya, jalakAya Adi sthAvarajIvoM kI hiMsA to gRhastha kI vivazatA hai, bhojana Adi banAne meM hiMsA karanI hI par3atI hai, phira bhI isameM vaha viveka rakhatA hai, AvazyakatA se adhika na pAnI hI DholatA hai aura na adhika samaya taka Aga hI jalAtA hai; kintu vyartha kI hiMsA to vaha bilkula bhI nahIM karatA hai, jaise udyAna bhramaNa karate-karate eka phUla hI tor3a liyA / AcArya abhayadeva ne Avazyaka aura vyartha hiMsA kA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA hai - For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 323 "artha prayojanam ... zarIrapAlanAdi viSayaM" - artha kA abhiprAya hai - AvazyakatA, zarIra pAlana-poSaNa ke lie anivArya rUpa se jo hiMsA karanI par3atI hai vaha hai arthadaNDa / isake viparIta jisa hiMsA ke binA bhI kAma cala sakatA ho, vaha vyartha hiMsA 'anarthadaNDa' hai / (-upAsakadazATIkA) isa vyartha kI hiMsA kA tyAga zrAvaka anarthadaNDaviramaNavrata meM kara detA hai / vaha na to kisI ke prati apane mana meM bure vicAra lAtA hai aura na hI hiMsaka sAdhana (churI Adi) kisI ko detA hai / vaha kisI ko pApa yA hiMsA kArya kA upAya bhI nahIM batAtA / vaha apanI sArI pravRtti sAvadhAnI se karatA hai / yaha dhyAna rakhatA hai ki hiMsA Adi pApoM se adhika se adhika bacAva zikSAvrata - yaha cAra haiM - (1) sAmAyika - samasta sAMsArika kAryoM - sAvadha karmoM ko tyAgakara kama se kama 48 minaTa (eka muhUrta) taka dharmadhyAna karanA / (2) dezAvakAzika vrata - digvata meM grahaNa kI huI dizAoM kI sImA tathA anya sabhI vratoM meM lI huI maryAdAoM ko aura bhI saMkSipta karanA, sAtha hI deza (AMzika) pauSadha karanA, dayA pAlanA, saMvara karanA aura caudaha niyamoM kA ciMtana karanA-dezAvakAzika vrata hai / . yaha saMkSiptIkaraNa vratI zrAvaka apanI paristhiti ke anusAra eka ghar3I (24 minaTa) se lekara eka dina (24 ghaNTe) taka kara sakatA hai / yadi usakI sAmarthya ho to aura bhI adhika kAla ke lie kara sakatA hai / dezAvakAzika vrata ke sambandha meM yaha AcAryoM ke abhimata diye haiM - Ajakala tivihAra upavAsa vAlA vyakti cAra prahara yA isase adhika samaya kA pauSadha kare vaha dezAvakAzikapauSadha mAnA jAtA hai / caudaha niyama isa prakAra haiM - 1. sacitta, 2. dravya, 3. vigaya-dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela, gur3a, 4. jUtecappala Adi 5. pAna-supArI Adi 6. pahanene-or3hane ke vastra, 7. phUla, phUla mAlA Adi. 8. rikzA Adi vAhana kA prayoga, 9. zaiyA aura Asana, 10. vilepana-padArtha .11 abrahma sevana, 12. dizAoM kI sImA punaHmaryAdita karanA, 13. jala kI maryAdA aura 14. azana Adi cAroM prakAra ke bhojana kI maryAdA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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324 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 17 (3) pauSadhopavAsa vrata - AhAra, zarIra-zrRMgAra, vyApAra Adi sabhI kAryoM ko tyAgakara eka dina-rAta (aSTa prahara) taka upAzraya Adi zAMta sthAna meM rahakara dharmacintana, AtmaguNo kA cintavana, paMca parameSThI guNa smaraNa karanA pauSadhopavAsa vrata hai / pauSadha kA zAbdika artha hai -dharma-sAdhanA ko puSTa karane vAlA vrata isake cAra rUpa batAye hai - 1. AhAra pauSadha - AhAra kA tyAga karaM pauSadha karanA / 2. zarIra pauSadha - zarIra ke prati mamatva va usakI sAja-sajjA Adi ko chor3anA, zarIra-nirapekSa honA / / 3. brahmacarya pauSadha-brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA / . 4. avyApAra pauSadha- vyApAra Adi se nivRtta hokara nirdoSa nizcinta ho, dharmArAdhanA karanA / jaisA ki kahA haiAhAra-tanu satkArA'brahma sAvadha karmaNAm / tyAgaH parva catuSTayyA tadviduH pauSadha vratam // - (Avazyaka vRtti) aSTamI, catudarzI, pUrNimA evaM amAvasyA- ina cAroM parva tithiyoM meM AhAra, zarIra, abrahmacarya tatA sAvadha karma kA tyAga karanA- pauSadha hai / arthAt cAroM kA sammilita rUpa hI pauSadha hai / (4) atithi saMvibhAga vrata - dvAra para Aye atithi (tyAgI) ko apane nyAyopArjita dhana meM se vidhipUrvaka AhAra Adi denA / yaha vratI zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata haiN| Agama vacana - apacchimA mAraNaM tiA saMlehaNA jUsaNArAhaNA / ___ - aupapA. sUtra 57 (antima samaya (mRtyu ke samaya) saMlekhanA kI ArAdhanA kareM / ) antima samaya kI ArAdhanA - mAraNAntikI saMlekhanAM joSitA / 17 / (maraNa ke samaya saMlekhanA kI ArAdhanA kre|) vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM antima samaya kI ArAdhanA kA saMketa hai| jaba kAlajJAna, zarIra kI ghora azaktatA, asAdhya roga, upasarga Adi kisI For Personal & Private Use Only

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- AcAra - (virati - saMvara) 325 bhI kAraNa se yaha nizcaya ho jAya ki aba deha tyAga kA antima samaya saMnikaTa A pahu~cA hai taba sAdhaka ho ha~sI ke lie taiyArI kara lenI cAhie / khuzI mRtyu kA sAmanA karane mRtyu anivArya ghaTanA hai, honI hai, phira usase DaranA yA TAlane kA prayAsa karane hetu dIna bhAva lAnA vyartha hai / aisI sthiti meM svayaM ko sthira va zAMta karanA cAhie / saMlekhanA ke lie taiyAra ho jAnA cAhie / saMlekhanA kA artha hai AhAra, moha Adi ko tyAga kara kAyA aura kaSAyoM ko kRza karate hue samatAbhAvapUrvaka maraNa kA varaNa karanA / ise samAdhimaraNa athavA uttamamaraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| samabhAva se dehatyAga ke pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka ko sugati prApta hotI hai / - Agama vacana sammattassa paMca aiyArA peyAlA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahA - saMkA kaMkhA vitigiMcchA parapAsaMDapasaMsA parapAsaMDasaMthavo / - upAsaka dazAMga, adhyayana 1 (samyagdarzana ke pAMca pradhAna aticAra haiM, (jinako jAnanA cAhie kintu AcaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie) yathA 1. zaMkA, 2. kAMkSA3. vicikitsA 4. dUsare ke pAkhaMDoM kI prazaMsA karanA aura 5. pAkhaMDo kA saMsarga karanA / ) samyagdarzana ke aticAra zaMkAkAMkSAvicikitsA'janyadRSTi prazaMsAsaMstavA : samyagdRSTe raticArAH / 18 / 1. zaMkA 2. kAMkSA. 3. vicikitsA, 4 anyadRSTi kI prazaMsA aura 5. anyadRSTi kA saMstava - samyagdarzana ke pAMca aticAra kahe gaye haiM / vivecana prastuta sUtra meM AcArya pravara aNuvratI sAdhaka ke vratoM ke aticAroM kA varNana prArambha kara rahe haiM / sarvaprathama unhoMneM vratoM ke AdhArabhUta samyaktva ke aticAroM kA varNana isa sUtra meM kiyA hai / jaba taka sAdhaka apane gRhIta vratoM Adi kI sAdhanA meM paripakva nahIM ho jAtA taba taka skhalanA Adi lagane kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai / vrata ke atikramaNa ke rUpa me cAra prakAra ke doSa athavA koTiyA~ batAI gaI hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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326 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 18 (1) atikrama vrata ke atikramaNa kA mana meM bhAva AnA / (2) vyatikrama vrata ko ullaMghana karane ke lie pravRtti karanA / AMzika rUpa se vrata kA ullaMghana karanA / (3) aticAra (4) anAcAra vrata kA pUrNa ullaMghana kara lenA, vrata kA bhaMga ho jAnA / - - - - inheM eka udAharaNa se samajhiye - ( eka vyakti ne niyama liyA ki Aja prAtaHkAla se lekara kala sUryodaya taka cAya nahIM piUMgA ) / use nitya do-ca -cAra cAya pIne kI Adata thI / kucha hI ghaMTe bAda usake sira meM bhArIpana sA AyA, zarIra meM zithilatA AI / vaha vrata ko bhUla gayA ki Aja cAya pIne kA niyama hai / aba usakI icchA cAya pIne kI huI, yaha atikrama hai / uThakara rasoI ghara meM pahu~ca gayA / gaisa jalAkara dUdha, cInI, cAya, pAnI, rakhakara cAya banAne lagA, yaha vyatikrama hai / cAya banAkara pyAle meM DAla lI, pyAlA hAtha meM pakar3akara mu~ha kI ora le jAne lagA, hoThoM taka pyAlA pahu~ca gayA yaha aticAra hai| jaise hI cAya kA ghUMTa muMha meM gayA, amAcAra ho gayA; vrata bhaMga ho gayA, cAya na pIne kA niyama TUTa gayA / aticAra vaha doSa hai, jisake kAraNa vrata bhaMga to nahIM hotA; kintu usameM malinatA kA praveza ho jAtA hai / jabaki sAdhaka ko apane grahaNa kiye hue sabhI yama-niyamoM, samyaktva Adi meM bilkula bhI doSa nahIM lagAnA cAhie / sAdhaka satata sAvadhAna rahe, isIlie 'aticAra' batAye gaye haiM / sAtha hI Agamokta uddharaNa meM yaha kaha diyA gayA hai 'jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA' arthAt yaha aticAra jAnane yogya haiM, AcaraNa yogya nahIM hai| Agamokta uddharaNa meM 'peyAlA' zabda bhI vizeSa rupa se dhyAna dene yogya hai / isakA zabdArtha hai 'pradhAna - pradhAna rUpa se - mukhya rUpa se isakA vAcyArtha yaha hai ki sAdhaka itane hI aticAra na samajhe, yaha to mukhya aticAra ginA diye gaye haiM, inake atirikta paristhitiyoM ke anusAra sAdhaka apanI prajJA se doSoM kA nirNaya kara le aura apanI sAdhanA ko nirdoSa banAye, vratoM meM kiMcit bhI - kaisA bhI doSa na lagane de / samyagdarzana ke aticAroM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra - ( virati - saMvara) vItarAga bhagavAna ke vacanoM meM sandeha honA / (1) zaMkA (2) kAMkSA isa loka athavA paraloka ke sukhoM kI icchA / (3) vicikitsA 1. dharmakaraNI ke phala meM sandeha, aura 2. ratnatraya ke ArAdhaka sAdhujanoM ke tapaHkRza malina deha ko dekhakara jugupsA (ghRNA) karanA / - - bhASyakAra umAsvAti ne apane svopajJabhASya meM isakA artha diyA hai - jinendra bhagavAna ne jo kahA hai vaha bhI yathArtha hai aura anya darzanakAroM ne kahA hai vaha bhI satya pratIta hotA hai isa prakAra mativilupti (vibhrama) ho jAnA vicikitsA hai / anyadRSTisaMstava (4-5) anyadRSTiprazaMsA anya ( mithyA) dRSTiyoM kI prazaMsA karanA tathA mithyAdRSTiyoM se adhika paricaya rakhanA / isa sambandha meM jaina darzana ke vidvAna AcAryo kA kathana isa prakAra 327 - - hai - . kisI ke sadguNa kI stuti - prazaMsA karanA ' pramoda bhAva' hai, guNajJatA hai / phira mithyAdRSTi kI prazaMsA ko vrata kA dUSaNa kyoM mAnA gayA hai ? kyA mithyAdRSTi meM koI guNa nahIM hotA yA usake kisI guNa kI prazaMsA nahI karanI cAhie ? isakA samAdhAna hai - mithyAdRSTi - prazaMsA - saMstuti kA artha va bhAvanA yaha hai ki yahAM 'mithyAdRSTi' eka vyakti nahIM, eka dhAraNA hai, mithyA mAnyatA hai, mithyA mAnyatA jo asatya hai, bhrAnta hai / aura usa mithyA dhAraNA ke kAraNa yadi kisI ko koI vizeSa upalabdhi yA prakarSa hotA bhI hai to vaha bhI 'asatya kA utkarSa hai' ataH mithyAtvI kI prazaMsA ko asatya kI athavA asatyavAdiyoM kI prazaMsA mAnA gayA hai / yaha mAnakara samyag dRSTi 'mithyAtva' kI prazaMsA yA mithyAtviyoM ke vaicArika samparka se sadA dUra rahe | mithyAtvI meM bhI satya, dayA, dAna, karuNA Adi aneka guNa ho sakate haiM, una sadguNoM kI prazaMsA karanA samyaktvI ke lie niSiddha nahIM hai / svopajJabhASya ke anusAra anyadRSTiyoM ke guNoM ke kevala mana se utkIrtana ko - guNasmaraNa ko anyadRSTiprazaMsA aticAra kahA hai aura jo guNa unameM hai athavA nahIM bhI haiM unako vacana se utkIrtana karanA, prakarSatA kA udbhAvana karanA anyadRSTisaMstava nAma kA aticAra hai / samyaktva, cU~ki mahAvrata aura aNuvrata sabhI ke lie AdhAra hai, For Personal & Private Use Only

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328 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 19-20 nIMva hai ataH samyaktva ke yaha aticAra mahAvratI aura aNuvratI-donoM prakAra ke sAdhakoM ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se batAye gaye haiN| . Agama vacana - thUlagassa pANAivAyaveramaNassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA peyAlA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahA-vaha-baMdha cchavicchee-aibhArebhattapANavocchee / ... - upAsakadazAMga , a. 1 (sthUlahiMsA kA tyAga karane vAle zramaNopAsaka (zrAvaka) ko pAMca pradhAna aticAra jAnane cAhie, AcaraNanahIM karane cAhie) yathA 1. vadha (mAranA) 2. bA~dhanA, 3. zarIra chedanA 4. atyadhika bojhA lAdanA 5. anna-pAnI na denaa|) ahiMsANuvrata ke aticAra - vratazIleSu paMca paMca yathAkramam / 19 / bandha vadha-cchavicchedA'tibhArAropaNA'nnapAna nirodhAH / 20 / vrata (ahiMsA Adi 5 mUlavrata - aNuvrata) aura zIla (sAta uttara vratazIlavrata) ke bhI krama se pA~ca-pA~ca aticAra hai / 1. bandha 2. vadha 3. chaviccheda 4. atibhArAropaNa aura 5. anna-pAnI roka denA-ahiMsANuvrata ke yaha pA~ca aticAra hai / vivecana - prastUta sUtra 19 meM yaha sUcana kiyA gayA hai ki zrAvaka ke sabhI vratoM ke pA~ca-pA~ca aticAra hai aura sUtra 20 meM prathama ahiMsANuvrata ke pAMca aticAra batAye haiM - (1) baMdha - kisI trasa prANI ko baMdhana meM bAMdhanA, athavA piMjar3e meM DAlanA jisase vaha svecchApUrvaka gamanAgamana na kara sake / apane adhInastha sevaka ko nirdiSTa samaya ke bAda usakI icchA ke viparIta rokanA bhI baMdha (baMdhana) aticAra hai / (2) vadha - kisI bhI prANI ko DaMDe Adi se mAranA, ghAta yA prahAra karanA / (3) chaviccheda - kisI prANI ke aMgopAMga kATanA / (4) atibhAra - baila Adi para usakI zakti se adhika bhAra lAdanA tathA adhInastha karmacArI se usakI zakti se adhika kArya karavAnA, atibhArAropaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra - (virati - saMvara) 329 (5) anna - pAnanirodha apane adhInastha pazu tathA parivArIjanoM aura sevakoM ko samaya se bhojana - pAnI Adi na denA, usameM ror3A aTakA denA Adi / Agama vacana - thUlagassamusAvAyassa paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahA - sahasabhakkhANe rahassabbhakkhANe sadAramaMtabhee mosovaese kUDalehakaraNe / upAsakadazAMga, a.1 (sthUla jhUTha ke pA~ca aticAra jAnane yogye haiM, AcaraNa karane yogya nahIM, yathA 1. binA soce-vicAre sahasA hI kaha denA 2 gupta bAta pragaTa kara denA . 3 apanI strI kA gupta bheda pragaTa kara denA 4. jhUTha bolane kA upadeza denA aura 5. jhUThe dastAveja likhanA / ) satyANuvrata ke aticAra - -- mithyopadezarahasyAbhyAkhyAnakU Tale khakri yAnyAsApahAra sAkAramaMtrabhedAH / 21 / . 1. mithyA upadeza denA 2. gupta bAta kaha denA. 3 jhUThe lekha banAnA, 4. dharohara hajama kara jAnA aura 5. gupta maMtraNA kA bhaMDAphor3a kara denA yaha satyANuvrata ke pA~ca aticAra hai / vivecana - satyANuvrata ke pA~ca aticAroM kA saMkSipta paricaya yaha hai(1) mithyopadeza - jhUThI bAtoM se bahakAkara kisI ko mithyA mArga ( kumArga) para lagAnA / (3) kUTalekhakriyA nindA likhanA / chApanA / (2) rahasyAbhyAkhyAna vinoda yA hAsya Adi bhAvanA se kisI kA gupta rahasya yA marma pragaTa kara denA athavA doSAropaNa karanA / jAlI dastAveja banAnA, kisI kI jhUThI - (4) nyAsApahAra kisI kI rakhI huI dharohara ko hajama kara jaanaa| yadi vaha bhUla se kama batA de (jaise, rakhe hoM hajAra rupaye aura bhUla se kaha de pA~ca sau rupaye rakhe the) to kaha denA itane hI hoMge, tuma batA rahe ho utane hI le jAo / isa prakAra bAkI ke pA~ca sau rupaye hajama kara jAnA bhI nyAsApahAra hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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330 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 21-22 (5) sAkAramaMtrabheda - pizunatA (cugalI khAnA), duSTa bhAva se gupta maMtraNA kA bhaMDAphor3a karanA / Agama meM 'sadAramaMtrabheda' zabda hai, jisakA tAtparya hai - pati-patnI dvArA-eka dUsare ke gupta bheda yA rahasya prakaTa karanA / inase kuTumba ke kalaha Adi kI vRddhi ho sakatI hai, anartha bhI ho sakatA hai / Agama vacana - thUlagassa adiNNAdANassa paMca aiyArA 'jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahA-tenAhaDe takkarappaoge viruddharajjAikamme kUDatulla kUDamANe tappaDirUvagavavahAre / - (upA. a. 1) (sthUla corI ke pA~ca aticAra jAnane yogya haiM, AcaraNa karane yogya nahIM haiM; yathA -1. corI kA mAla lenA .2 corI ke upAya batAnA 3. rAjya ke viruddha kArya karanA 4. mApa aura tola kama-adhika rakhanA aura 5. milAvaTa karanA / acauryANuvrata ke aticAra - stenaprayogatadAhRtAdAnaviruddharAjyAtikra mahInAdhikamAnonmAna pratirUpakavyavahArA : / 22 / 1. corI ke upAya batAnA 2. corI kA mAla lenA 3. viruddha (virodhI) rAjya kA atikrama karanA 4. taula-mApa ke paimAne kama-adhika rakhanA aura 5. milAvaTa (asalI meM nakalI vastu milA denA) karanA - yaha pA~ca acauryANuvrata ke aticAra hai / vivecana - acauryANuvrata ke ina pA~ca aticAroM kA saMkSipta paricaya yaha (1) stena prayoga -corI ke upAya batAnA athavA kisI anya ko corI kI preraNA denA yA dilavAnA / (2) tadAhRtAdAna - caurI kI vasta ko lobhavaza kharIda lenA / (3) viruddharAjyAtikrama - rAjya dvArA nirdhArita AyAta-niryAta saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA ullaMghana karanA, tatsambandhI kara na cukAnA athavA kama kara cukAnA / sAtha hI jo apane rAjya ke virodhI rAjya (deza) haiM; unameM corI chipe jAnA / vahAM se taskarI kA mAla lAkara apane deza meM becanA athavA apane deza kA mAla una dezoM meM becanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 331 (4) hInAdhikamAnonmAna - taulane aura nApane ke paimAne (tarAjU, mITara Adi) choTe bar3e rakhanA, jisase kama vastu grAhaka ko dekara use ThagA jA sake, adhika lAbha kamAyA jA sake / (5) pratirUpaka vyavahAra - acchI vastu meM ghaTiyA vastu milA denaa| yathA-pItala para sone kA mulammA car3hA denA / dUdha meM pAnI milA denA Adi / Agama vacana - sadArasaMtosie paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahA-ittariya pariggahiyAgamaNe apariggahiyAgamaNe aNaMgakIDA parivivAha karaNe kAmabhoesu tivvAbhilAso | . - upA. a. 1 (svadAra saMtoSavrata (brahmacaryANuvrata-sthUlamaithunaviramaNavrata) ke pAMca aticAra jAnane yogya haiM, AcaraNa karane yogya nahIM hai / ve aticAra yaha haiM - 1. itvarika parigrahItA gamana, 2. aparigrahItAgamana, 3. anaMgakrIr3A, 4. paravivAhakaraNa 5. kAmabhogatIvraabhilASA / brahmacaryANuvrata ke aticAra paravivAhakaraNetvaraparigRhItA'parigRhItAgamanAnaMgakrIDAtIvrakAmAbhinivezAH / 23 / 1. paravivAha karanA ,2 itvara parigRhItAgamana, 3. aparigRhItAgamana, 4. anaMgakrIr3A aura 5. kAma kA tIvra abhiniveza - yaha pA~ca brahmacaryANuvrata ke aticAra haiM / . vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM brahmacarya aNuvrata ke aticAra batAye gaye (1) parivivAhakaraNa - apane putra-putriyoM ke atirikta kanyAdAna ke puNya kI icchA se yA snehavaza anya kA vivAha karanA, karavAnA / (2) itvara parigRhItAgamana - kisI dUsare ke dvArA svIkRta (parigRhIta) strI ke sAtha athavA apanI choTI hI avasthA meM vivAhita, gamana ke ayogya strI ke sAtha gamana karanA, bhoga karanA / (3) aparigRhItAgamana - vezyA, jisakA pati videza calA gayA ho aisI viyoginI strI, kumArI kanyA, vidhavA tathA jisakA koI svAmI na ho aisI strIAdi ke sAtha bhoga karanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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332 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 23 (4) anaMgakrIr3A - kAmasevana ke aMgoM ke atirikta aMgoM se kAma kA sevana karanA / isameM kAma saMbaMdhI sabhI vikRtiyoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| (5) tIvrakAmAbhilASA - kAmabhoga meM atizaya Asakti rakhanA / bAjIkaraNa (Adhunika yuga meM kAmazakti bar3hAne vAle viTAmina tathA auSadhiyoM) kA sevana karake vibhinna prakAra se atyadhika lolupa banakara kAmabhoga karanA Adi athavA apanI strI meM bhI adhika lubdha rahanA / yahA~ jijJAsu ke mana meM kaI zaMkAe~ ubharatI haiM, jaise (1) vezyAgamana kA tyAga to sAta vyasanoM meM hI ho jAtA hai, brahmacaryANuvrata to bahuta Age kI bhUmikA hai / taba aparigRhItAgamana, jisameM vezyA Adi kA samAveza kara liyA gayA hai, isako karane se sirpha aticAra hI kyoM mAnA gayA ? vezyAgamana karane vAlA to mArgAnusArI bhI nahIM ho sakatA, vaha to acchA nAgarika bhI nahIM hai, use to naitika vyakti bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / (2) yahI bAta parigRhItAgamana ke bAre meM hai / kyoMki para-strIsevana kA tyAga to sapta vyasanoM meM hI ho jAtA hai / jaba zrAvaka svadArasantoSavrata (zrAvikA svapatisantoSa vrata) athavA brahmAcaryANuvrata kI pratijJA grahaNa karatA hai taba spaSTa bolatA hai ___ "maiM para-strIsevana kA tyAga karatA hU~ aura svastrI meM bhI santoSa kI maryAdA karatA hU~ / " aisI hI pratijJA strI bhI (puruSa zabda bolakara) karatI hai / isa sthiti meM apanI vivAhita strI ke atirikta saMsAra kI sabhI striyA~ para-strI hotI haiM, cAhe vaha vidhavA ho, vezyA ho, vyabhicAriNI ho, kumArI ho athavA koI bhI kyoM na ho / isI prakAra kI anya zaMkAe~ bhI prathama tIna aticAroM ke saMbaMdha meM jijJAsU mAnava ke antarhRdaya meM uThatI rahatI haiM / vibhinna vidvAnoM ne ina jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / eka paraMparA ke AcAryoM ne 'itvaraparigRhItAgamana' tathA 'aparigRhItAgamana' meM prayukta 'gamana' zabda kA artha 'kAma-sevana' na karake 'AnA-jAnAgamanAgamana' kiyA hai| tadanusAra aisA artha batAyA- vezyA Adi tathA anya puruSa kI gRhIta (vivAhita) strI ke ghara (vikArI bhAva se) jAnA-AnA, usake sAtha mArga meM gamana karanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 333 isa sthiti meM yadyapi unake una striyoM se koI kAma-sambandha nahIM hai phira bhI ghara jAne-Ane ke kAraNa usake brahmacaryANuvrata meM aticAra lagatA isa viSaya meM jaisA ki hama sUtra 18 ke vivecana meM kaha Aye hai ki parastrI (vezyA, vidhavA, kumArI koI bhI kyoM na ho) sirpha ghara jAne taka hI aticAra hai, yadi bhoga-saMbaMdha ho gayA to sarvathA vrata khaNDita ho jAtA hai| yaha mata jaina siddhAnta bolasaMgraha, bhAga 1, pRSTha 299 para diyA gayA AcAryazrI AtmarAmajI ma. (Agamokta uddharaNa meM) tathA pUjyazrI amolaka-RSi jI ma. (paramAtmamArgadarzaka, pRSTha 194 meM) aparigRhItA kA artha apanI hI maMganI (vAgdAna-sagAI) kI haI tathA itvara parigRhItA kA artha 'apanI vivAhitA kintu alpavaya vAlI-bhoga ke ayogya strI' karake ina sabhI zaMkAoM aura jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna kara diyA hai / eka jijJAsA cintanazIla jijJAsu uThAte haiM, 'parivivAhakaraNa' aticAra ke viSaya meM ki 'dUsare kA vivAha karanA' to aticAra hai, ataH nahI karanA cAhie / taba zrAvaka ko apane hI vivAha kI chUTa ho jAyegI, vaha cAhe jitane vivAha kare, usake svIkRta vrata meM koI aticAra hI nahIM lagegA / aisI sthiti meM to vrata kA mUla prayojana hI khaNDita ho jAyegA; kyoMki brahmacaryANuvrata kA mUla prayojana uddAma kAma ko niyaMtrita karanA hai na ki kaI striyoM se vivAha karake nirAbAdha kAma sevana karanA / - ataH aise jijJAsu yaha mata vyakta karate haiM ki, para-vivAha ' kA SaSTI tatpuruSa samAsa ke anusAra 'parasya vivAha' - dUsare kA vivAha na karake avvayIbhAva samAsa lagAkara 'para' arthAt dUsarA vivAha aisA karanA caahie| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kAma vAsanA se prerita hokara brahmacaryANuvratI zrAvaka apanA bhI dUsarA vivAha na kare / / yaha vartamAna samaya ke saMdarbha meM hai tathA Aja ke bhAratIya vidhAna ke anurUpa hai / prAcIna samaya meM bahu vivAha prathA thI / ataH svadArasaMtoSa meM hI patnI ho aisA artha nahIM baiThatA / vastutaH cintana karane se anubhava hotA hai ki isa jijJAsA aura tarka For Personal & Private Use Only

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334 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 23 meM bhI vajana hai / yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki brahmacarya aNuvrata kI sAdhanA karane vAlA zrAvaka viziSTa virati vAlA hotA hai / vaha rati-krIr3A ke sukha meM Asakti nahIM rakhatA, puruSavedajanita bhAvanA kI zAMti ke lie hI aura vaha bhI sirpha maryAdita rUpa meM hI viSaya - sevana karatA hai / phira bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha zrAvaka Ananda gAthApati ne jisa prakAra * abrahmasevana kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA isase bhI isa dhAraNA ko bala milatA hai| ki zrAvaka apanA svayaM kA bhI dUsarA (para) vivAha na kare / . Ananda ke zabda haiM - ekkAe sivanaMdAe bhAriyAe, avasesaM savvaM mehuNavihiM paccakkhA | (eka zivAnandA bhAryA ke atirikta avaziSTa sarva prakAra ke maithuna sevana kA pratyAkhyAna karatA huuN|) uparokta saMpUrNa vivecana ke prakAza meM brahmacaryANuvrata ke pAMcoM aMticAroM kA svarUpa isa prakAra nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai. - (1) paravivAhakaraNa ( eka patnI ke rahate hue bhogecchA se) zrAvaka svayaM apanA bhI (para) dUsarA vivAha na kare aura apane putra-putriyoM (kyoMki unakA vivAha karanA zrAvaka kA pArivArika dAyitva hai) ke atirikta kisI anya kA vivAha na kare aura na hI karAye / ( 2 ) itvara parigRhItAgamana apanI hI vivAhita kintu alpavaya vAlI athavA bhoga ke yogya na hone para strI ke sAtha kAma sevana na kare / (3) aparigRhItAgamana - jisa kanyA kI apane sAtha sagAI ho cukI ho kintu vivAha na huA ho, usake sAtha bhI use apanI bhAvI patnI mAnakara ratikriyA na kare / (4) anaMgakrIr3A kAma sevana ke yogya jo aMga nahIM hai unase kAma sevana karane kI ceSTA na kare / - - - (5) tIvrakAmaabhiniveza kAma krIr3A meM Asakti na rakhe, apanI vivAhita strI meM bhI adhika lubdha na rahe / puruSa veda kI zAMti ke lie hI maryAdita rUpa ke sivAya kAma sevana se bace, kAmottejaka auSadhiyoM kA prayoga na kare / Amaga vacana icchAparimANassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na - - For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra - (virati - saMvara) samAyariyavvA taM jahA dhaNadhannaparimANAikkame khettavatthuparimANAikkameM * hiraNNasuvaNNaparimANAikka meM kuviyaparimANAikka / ( icchAparimANa ke pA~ca aticAra jAnane yogya haiM, AcaraNa karane yogya nahIM haiM; yathA - (1) dhana-dhAnyapramANAtikrama, (2) kSetra - vAstupramANAtikrama, (3) hiraNya - suvarNapramANAtikrama, (4) dvipada-catuSpadapramANAtikrama, (5) kupyapramANAtikrama / ) parigrahANuvrata ke aticAra - kSetra vAstu hiraNyasuvarNa dhanadhAnyadAsIdAsaku pyapramANAti kramAH / 24 / 1. kSetra - vAstu, 2. sonA-cAMdI, 3. dhana-dhAnya, 4. dAsI - dAsa tathA 5. kupya kA pramANa bar3hA lenA, parigrahANuvrata ke aticAra hai / (4) dAsI - dAsapramANAtikrama ko bar3hA lenA / vivecana bAhya parigraha 9 prakAra kA hai / parigrahANuvrata meM sAdhaka isa parigraha kA parimANa karatA hai| sUtra meM isa nau prakAra ke parigraha ke 22 ke yugala banAkara prastuta vrata ke pA~ca aticAra batAye gaye haiM (1) kSetravAstupramANAtikrama kSetra kA abhiprAya hai khulI bhUmi (kheta, bagIcA) aura vAstu kA abhiprAya vaha bhUmi jisa para makAna Adi banA ho / ise aMgreja meM open area aura covered area kahA jAtA hai / donoM prakAra kI bhUmiyoM kI jitanI sImA vrata grahaNa karate samaya nizcita kI hai, use bar3hA lenA / I (5) kupyapramANAtikrama duppayacauppayaparimANAikka meM upAsakadazAMga, a. 1 - - (2) hiraNya - suvarNapramANAtikrama cA~dI (hiraNya) sonA (suvarNa) kA pramANa bar3hA lenA, yAnI grahaNa kI huI maryAdA kA atikramaNa karanA / - dhAnyapramANAtikrama (3) dhana- 1 dhana (pazudhana), dhAnya (anAja) kA pramANa bddh'aanaa| dhana kA abhiprAya Aja ke yuga meM nagada rupayA baiMka bailensa zeyara Adi bhI hai / - - - - 335 - Agama meM isake lie 'dvipada- catuSpada' zabda diyA gayA hai| isakA artha bahuta vistRta hai / dvipada meM dAsa-dAsI tathA do paira vAle pakSI (jaise totA mainA Adi) bhI garbhita hai tathA catuSpada meM ghor3A, baila, gAya, U~Ta Adi pazu bhI / naukara cAkaroM kI nizcita saMkhyA For Personal & Private Use Only bartanoM Adi kA pramANa bar3hA lenA /

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336 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 24-25 Agama vacana disivayassa paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahAuD Dha disiparimANAikka me aho disiparimANAikka me tiriyadisiparimANAikkame khettuvuDDhissa saaMtarAzraddhA / upAsakadazAMga a. 1 - (divrata ke pA~ca aticAra jAnane yogya haiM, . AcaraNa karane yogya nahIM haiM, yathA (1) UrdhvadizA pramANAtikrama ( 2 ) adhodizA pramANAtikrama (3) tiryadizA pramANAtikrama (4) kSetra ke parimANa ko bar3hA lenA (5) kiye hue parimANa ko bhUla jAnA / digvata ke aticAra UrdhvAdhastiryagvyatikramakSetravRddhismRtyantardhAnAni / 25 / ((1-3) U~cI-nIcI aura tirachI dizAoM meM kiye hue parimANa kA atikramaNa karanA (4) maryAdita kSetra ko bar3hA lenA aura ( 5 ) kI huI maryAdA ko bhUla jAnA yaha pA~ca divrata ke aticAra hai / vivecana UMcI-nIcI yAnI AkAza meM parvata Adi ke Upara car3hanA tathA bhUmitala se nIce bhUmigRha, kandarA, sAgara Adi meM utaranA tathA pUrva - pazcima Adi sabhI dizAoM meM jilanI maryAdA nizcita kI hai, usase Age cale jAnA, yaha dizA (Urdhva - adho- tiryadizA) nAma ke tIna aticAra hai| kSetra vRddhi sAdhaka do prakAra se kara letA hai (1) kisI eka dizA meM parimANa bar3hA letA hai aura (2) kabhI - kabhI aisA bhI karatA hai ki eka dizA meM parimANa kama karake dUsarI dizA meM utanA hI parimANa bar3hA letA hai, aisA vaha apane kisI bhautika svArtha ke lie hI karatA hai, phira bhI vaha mana meM yaha samajhatA ki merA kula parimANa to utanA hI rahA, ataH vrata meM doSa nahIM lagA kintu vAstava meM yaha aticAra hai / - - - - kabhI-kabhI pramAdavaza yA anya kisI kAraNa se sAdhaka apanI grahaNa kI huI maryAdA ko bhUla jAtA hai, yaha isa vrata kA pA~cavA aticAra hai / Agama vacana desAvagAsiyassa samaNovAsaeNaM aiyArA... taM jahAANavaNapaoge pesavaNapayoge saddANuvAe rUvANuvAe bahiyApoggalapakkheve | - upAsaka, a. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 337 (dezAvakAsika vrata ke pA~ca aticAra yaha haiM - (1) Anayanaprayoga (2) preSyaprayoga (3) zabdAnupAta (4) rUpAnupAta aura (5) bahiHpudgala prkssep|) dezAvakAzikavrata ke aticAra AnayanapreSyaprayogazabdarUpAnupAtapudgalakSepAH / 26 / 1. Anayanaprayoga 2. preSyaprayoga 3. zabdAnupAta 4. rUpAnupAta aura 5. pudagala prakSepa - yaha pA~ca dezAvakAzikavrata ke aticAra hai / vivecana - prastuta vrata ke aticAroM kA saMkSipta svarUpa isa prakAra (1) Anayanaprayoga - sImA se bAhara kI kisI vastu ko anya vyakti dvArA ma~gavA lenA aura (2) kisI vastu ko bAhara bheja denA preSyaprayoga hai / (3) zabdAnupAta kA abhiprAya khA~sane-khakhArane Adi zabdoM dvArA nizcita sImA se bAhara apanA abhiprAya batA denA tathA (4) saMketa Adi dvArA kAma nikAla lenA rUpAnupAta hai / pudgala prakSepa kA Azaya hai maryAdita kSetra se bAhara kaMkar3a Adi pheMkakara apanA kAma nikAla lenA / Agama vacana - aNaThThadaNDaveramaNassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA ... taM jahAkaMdappe kukkuie moharie suMjattAhigaraNe upabhogaparibhogAiritte / - upAsakadazA, a. 1 (anarthadaNDaviramaNavrata ke pA~ca aticAra hai - (1) kandarpa (2) kautkucya (3) maukharya (4) saMyuktAdhikaraNa aura (5) upabhoga pribhogaatirikt|) anarthadaNDa viramaNavrata ke aticAra - kandapakautkucyamaukharyAsamIkSyAdhikaraNopabhogAdhikatvAni / 27 / (1) kandarpa (2) kautkucya (3) maukharya (4) asamIkSyAdhikaraNa (5) upabhoga-paribhogAtirikta yaha pA~ca anarthadaNDavirativrata ke aticAra hai / vivecana - anarthadaNDa kA abhiprAya hai -niSprayojana sAvadha athavA pApakArI pravRtti karanA / isake pA~ca aticAroM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra hai - For Personal & Private Use Only

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338 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 26-27-28 (1) kandarpa - kandarpa kAma (kAma kI bhAvanA) ko kahate hai / ataH isa aticAra meM aise vacana bolane, sunane athavA aisI ceSTAoM kI parigaNanA kI jAtI haiM jo vikAroM ko bar3hAne vAlI ho / (2) kautkucya - dUsaroM kA ha~sAne ke lie bhAMr3oM jaisI azlIla ceSTAe~ karanA / (3) maukharya - bar3ha-car3hakara bolanA, apanI zekhI mAranA / (4) asamIkSyAdhikaraNa - mana meM nirarthaka saMkalpa-vikalpa karanA, hara sthAna para binA prayojana hI bolate rahanA aura zarIra se nirarthaka ceSTAe~ karate rahanA / Agama meM ise 'saMyuktAdhikaraNa' kahA hai, jisakA bhAva hai anAvazyaka rUpa meM ghAtaka/visphoTaka zastra Adi kA saMgraha karanA / yA zastra ko saMyukta karakebandUka meM kAratUsa bharakara, dhanuSa para tIra car3hAkara rakhanA / isase kabhI-kabhI anacAhe, anajAne bhI hiMsA ho jAtI hai / (5) upobhogadhikatva - upabhoga-paribhoga vrata meM jitanI vastuoM kA pramANa kiyA hai, usake bhItara hI, kintu AvazyakatA se adhika vastuoM kA saMgraha karanA upabhogAdhika nAma aticAra hai / Agama vacana sAmAiyassa...paMca aiyArA...taM jahA -maNu duppaNihANe vayaduppaNihANe kAyaduppaNihANe sAmAiyassa saiakaraNayAe sAmAiyassa aNavadiyassa karaNayA / - upAsakadazAMga, a. 1 (sAmAyika vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM, yathA - (1) manoduSpraNidhAna (2) vacana duSpraNidhAna (3) kAyaduSpraNidhAna (4) smRti akaraNa aura (5) anavasthikaraNa / ) sAmAyika vrata ke aticAra yogaduSpraNidhAnAnAdarasmRtyanupasthApanAni / 28 / ((1-3) yoga (mana-vacana-kAyA) duSpraNidhAna, (4) anAdara aura (5) smRtianusthApana-yaha sAmAyika vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM / vivecana - mana ko calAyamAna karanA manoduSpraNidhAna hai / vacana aura kAyA ko calAyamAna karanA, sAvadyakArI vacana bolanA, bAra-bAra Asana badalanA vacana aura kAyA kA duSpraNidhAna kahalAtA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 339 duSpraNidhAna ke tIna artha haiM - (1)durupayoga karanA, (2) jisa prakAra ucita rUpa se upayoga karanA cAhie usa prakAra upayoga na karanA aura (3) dUSita rUpa se upayoga karanA / yaha tInoM hI artha yahA~ ghaTita hote haiM / anAdara kA Azaya hai bhakti tathA ruci kA abhAva / sAmAyika ko yoM hI begAra kI taraha pUrA kara denA / smRti-anupasthApana kA abhiprAya hai vismRti / sAmAyika ke pAThoM ko bhUla jAnA, sAmAyika kA samaya smRti meM na rahanA, Aja sAmAyika kI hai yA nahIM isa prakAra kA vibhrama ho jAnA Adi smRti-anupasthApana hai / Agama vacana - posahovavAsassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA.. taM jahAappaDilehie duppaDilehiya sijjA-saMthAre... jAva sammaM aNaNupAlaNayA) - upAsaka a. 1 (pauSadhopavAsa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra yaha hai - (1-2) apratilekhita duSpratilekhita, apramArjita-duSpramArjita zayyA saMstAraka, (3-4) apratilekhita duSpratilekhita, apramArjita-duSpramArjita uccAra-prasravaNa bhUmi, (5) proSa dhaupavAsa smygnnupaalntaa| proSadhopavAsavrata ke aticAra apratyavekSitApramArjitotsargAdAnanikSepasaMstAropakra maNAnAdara- . smRtyanupasthApanAni / 129 / (1-3) apratyavekSita-apramArjita utsarga aura AdAna-nikSepa tathA saMstAra kA upakrama, (4) anAdara aura (5) smRti anupasthApana-yaha pA~ca aticAra pauSadhavrata ke haiM / .. vivecana - pauSadhopavAsa vrata ke pA~ca aticAroM kA svarUpa yaha hai (1) apratyavekSita-apramArjita utsarga - A~khoM se jIva Adi ko dekhanA pratyavekSita aura komala upakaraNa (rajoharaNa Adi) se sApha karanA pramArjana kahalAtA hai / jIva Adi ko bhalIbhAMti dekhe binA aura komala upakaraNa se bhUmi ko sApha kiye binA hI zarIra-mala-mUtra-zlema Adi kA utsarga kara denA, phaiMka denA, DAla denA-apratyavekSita-apramArjita utsarga nAma kA aticAra hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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340 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 29-30 (2) apratyavekSita-apramArjita AdAna-nikSepa- binA bhalI bhA~ti dekhe aura pramArjana kiye hI vastuoM (upakaraNoM) ko uThAnA-rakhanA / (3) apratyavekSita-apramArjita saMstAra-upakrama- binA bhalIbhA~ti dekhe aura pramArjana kiye hI saMstAraka para baiTha jAnA, leTa jAnA / (4) anAdara - zraddhA-bhakti-rucipUrvaka pauSadha na karanA / (5) smRti anupasthApana - pauSadha ke pATha, kAla Adi vismRta ho jAnA / Agama vacana ..bhoyaNato samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA taM jahA-sacittAhAre sacittapaDi baddhAhAre appauliosahibhakkhaNayA duppauliosahibhakkhaNayA tucchosahibhakkhaNayA / . - upAsakadazAMga, a.1 (zramaNopAsaka ke bhojana (upabhoga-paribhoga vrata) ke pA~ca aticAra yaha haiM (1) sacittAhAra, (2) sacitta pratibaddhAhAra, (3) apakvAhAra (4) duSpakvAhAra aura (5) tucchauSadhibhakSaNatA / ) upabhoga-paribhogavrata ke aticAra sacittasambaddhasaMmizrAbhiSavaduSpakvAhArAH / 30 / (1. sacitta AhAra, 2. sacittasambaddha AhAra, 3. sacittasaMmizra AhAra 4. abhiSava AhAra aura 5. duSpakvAhArA - yaha pA~ca aticAra upabhogaparibhoga parimANa vrata ke haiM / ) . vivecana - sacitta vanaspatikAya kA bhakSaNa karanA, sacittAhAra hai| sacitta se lagI huI sparzita vastu kA AhAra sacittasaMbaddhAhAra hai| sacitta se mizrita vastu, jaise kacce tila ke laDDU Adi sacittasaMmizra AhAra hai / indriyoM ko puSTa karane vAlA gariSTha, rasayukta bhojana evaM mAdaka dravya kA sevana karanA abhiSava AhAra hai / yogya rIti se na pake hue duSpakva bhojana kA AhAra duSpakvAhAra hai| Agama ke kramAnusAra tIsarA apakvAhAra hai, sacitta vastu kA tyAga hone para binA pake phala zAka Adi khAnA! cauthA duSpakvAhAra-Adhe pake phala Adi tathA pA~cavA~ tucchauSadhibhakSaNa hai-jisakA artha hai aisI vastu jisameM khAne yogya kama, phekane yogya adhika bhAga ho / For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 341 Agama vacana ahAsaMvibhAgassa paMca aiyArA... taM jahA-sacittanikkhevaNayA sacittapehaNayA kAlAikkame parovaese macchariyA / - upAsakadazAMga, a. 1 (yathAsaMvibhAga vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM, yathA - 1. sacittanikSepaNatA, 2. sacittapidhAnatA, 3. kAlAtikramadAna, 4. paravyapadeza aura 5. mtsrtaa|) atithi saMvibhAga vrata ke aticAra - sacittanikSepapidhAnaparavyapadezamAtsaryakAlAtikra mAH / 31 / (1) sacittanikSepa (2) sacittapidhAna (3) paravyapadeza (4) mAtsarya aura (5) kAlAtikrama-atithi saMvibhAMga vrata ke yaha pAMca aticAra hai / vivecana - atithi saMvibhAga vrata ke yaha pA~coM aticAra sarvavirata zramaNa kI apekSA haiM; kyoMki sacitta Adi vastuoM kA tyAga unhI ke hotA hai / ina aticAroM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai - (1) sacittanikSepa- sacitta vastu Adi meM AhAra rakha denA / / (2) sacittapidhAna - sacitta vastu se AhAra Dhaka denA / (3) paravyapadeza - dAna na dene kI bhAvanA se apanI vastu ke parAI batA denA, athavA dUsare kI vastu dekara apanI batA denA / (4) mAtsarya - IrSyA athavA ahaMkAra kI bhAvanA se dAna denA / (5) kAlAtikrama - samaya para dAna na denA, asamaya meM dAna ke lie kahanA / Agama vacana - ____ apacchima mAraNaM tiya saMlehaNA jhUsaNArAhaNAe paMca aiyArA . jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahA ihalogAsaMsappaoge paralogAsaMsappaoge jIviyAsaMsappaoge maraNAsaMsappaoge kAmabhogAsaMsappaoge / - (upA. 1) . (Ayu. ke antima bhAga maraNa samaya meM kI jAne vAlI saMlekhanA ke pA~ca aticAra jAnane cAhie, inakA samAcaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie / ve aticAra hai - (1) ihalokAzaMsAprayoga (2) paralokAzaMsAprayoga (3) jIvitAzaMsAprayoga (4) maraNAzaMsAprayoga aura (5) kAmabhogaprazaMsAprayoga / For Personal & Private Use Only

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For Personal & Private Use Only ahiMsANuvrata(sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa ) 1 1 bandha 2 vadha 3 chaviccheda 4 atibhArAropaNa 5 annapANa nirodha satyANuvrata (sthala mRSAvAda viramaNa ) 1 mithyopadeza 2 rahasyAbhyAkhyAna 3 kUTalekhakriyA 4 nyAsApahAra 5 sAkAra mantra - bheda aNuvratoM ke aticAra asteyANuvrata (sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa ) T 1 stenaprayoga 2 stenAhRtAdAna 3 viruddharAjyAtikrama 4 hInAdhikamAnonmAna 4 5 pratirUpaka vyavahAra * svadAra saMtoSavrata (sthUla maithubha viramaNa) icchAparimANavrata (sthUla mamatva viramaNa ) 1 paravivAhakaraNa 1 2 itvara parigRhIlAgamana 2 3 aparigRhItAgamana anaMgakrIr3A 5 kAmatIvrAbhiniveza 5 kupya kSetra - vAstu pramANAtikrama hiraNya - suvarNa .. 3. dhana-dhAnya 4 dAsI - dAsa 342 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 31

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guNavratoM ke aticAra digvrata 1 UrdhvadizA vyatikrama 2 adhodizA 3 tiryadizA 4 kSetravRddhi . 5 smRti antardhAna : upabhoga-paribhoga vrata 1 sacittAhAra 2 sacittapratibaddhAhAra 3 sacittamizrAhAra .4 abhiSava AhAra 5 duSyaSkvAhAra zikSAvratoM ke aticAra anarthadaNDa viramaNa vrata 1 kandarpa 2 kautkucya 3 maukharya 4 asamIkSya adhikaraNa 5 upabhoga-paribhogAdhikya For Personal & Private Use Only sAmAyika vrata dezAvakAzika vrata atithisaMvibhAga vrata 1 sacittanikSepa 1 manaHduSpraNidhAna 1 Anayanaprayoga AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 2 vacanaduSpraNidhAna 2 preSyaprayoga pauSadhopavAsa vrata 1 apratyavekSita apramArjita utsarga 2 apratyavekSita apramArjita AdAna-nikSepa 3 apratyavekSita apramArjita saMstAra upakrama 4 anAdara 5 smRti anupasthApana 2 sacittapidhAna 3 kAyaduSpraNidhAna 3 zabdAnupAta 3 paravyapadeza 4 anAdara 5 smRti anupasthApana 4 rUpAnupAta 5 pudagalaprakSepa 4 mAtsarya 5 kAlAtikrama 343

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344 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 32 saMlekhanA vrata ke aticAra jIvitamaraNAzaMsAmitrAnurAgasukhAnubandhanidAnakaraNAni // 32 // (1) jIvitAzaMsA (2) maraNAzaMsA (3) mitrAnurAga (4) sukhAnubaMdha aura (5) nidAna karanA - yaha pA~ca aticAra saMlekhanA ke haiM / vivecana - saMlekhanA sadA hI jIvana ke antima samaya meM kI jAtI hai / usa samaya sAdhaka kA kartavya hai ki sabhI prakAra kI icchAoM kA tyAga kara de / icchAoM kA zeSa raha jAnA hI aticAra hai / ina aticAroM kA svarUpa nimna hai - (1) saMlekhanA grahaNa karake jIvita rahane kI icchA karanA jIvitAzaMsA (2) rogAdi upadravoM se ghabarAkara marane kI icchA maraNAzaMsA hai / (3) mitroM kA smaraNa karanA mitrAnurAga hai / (4) pahale bhoge hue bhogoM kA smaraNa sukhAnubaMdha hai / (5) AgAmI jIvana meM sukha (indriya-viSaya Adi) bhogane kI icchA rakhanA nidAnakaraNa yAnI nidAna karanA hai| vizeSa - sUtra 18 se sUtra 32 taka aticAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / yadi bhUla se, pramAda se, anajAne meM kabhI ina aticAroM kA sevana athavA AcaraNa ho jAya taba taka to yaha aticAra kI koTi meM rahate haiM, inake AcaraNa se vrata malina hI hotA hai aura yadi inakA AcaraNa jAna-bUjhakara kiyA jAya to grahaNa kiyA huA vrata khaMDita ho jAtA hai / aNuvratoM ke aticAroM kI tAlikA pRSTha 342-43 para dI gaI hai / __samyaktva aura saMlekhanA ke aticAra samyaktva 1 zaMkA 2 kAMkSA 3 vicikitsA 4 anyadRSTiprazaMsA 5 anyadRSTisaMstava saMlekhanA (tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra) 1 jIvitAzaMsA 2 maraNAzaMsA 3 mitrAnurAga 4 sukhAnubaMdha 5 nidAnakaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 345 (AgamAnusAra) 1 ihalokAzaMsA prayoga 2 paralokAzaMsA prayoga 3 jIvitAzaMsA prayoga 4 maraNAzaMsA prayoga 5 kAmabhogAzaMsA prayoga Agama vacana samaNovAsae NaM tahArUvaM samaNaM vA jAva paDilAbhemANe tahArUvassa samaNassa vA mAhaNassa vA samAhiM utpAeti, samAhikAraeNaM tameva samAhiM paDilabhai / - bhagavatI za. 7, u. 1, sUtra 263 ( zramaNopAsaka tathArUpa zramaNa athavA mAhana (zrAvaka) ko yAvat AhAra Adi detA huA tathArUpa zramaNa athavA mAhana ko samAdhi utpanna karatA hai / samAdhi dene ke kAraNa usako bhI samAdhi prApta hotI hai / dAna kA lakSaNa - anugrahArtha svasyAtisargodAnam / 33 / anugraha ke hetu apanI kisI bhI vastu kA tyAga karanA, dAna kahalAtA vivecana - sUtra meM dAna kA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai / yahA~ 'anagraha' zabda kA artha upakAra aura kalyANa donoM hI haiM / arthAt apane aura dUsare ke upakAra athavA kalyANa ke lie apane svAmitva kI vastu kA atisargatyAga kara denA, dAna hai / dAna kI aneka paribhASAoM meM eka hai - dAnaM saMvibhAga : yAnI dAna samyak prakAra se kiyA huA vibhAga hai / vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki gRhastha zrAvaka jo kucha bhI dhana Adi sampatti arjita karatA hai, svayaM ke Avazyaka upabhoga ke sAtha-sAtha usakA ucita vibhAjana karake kucha aMza upakArI aura kalyANa ke kAryoM meM bhI upayoga karanA cAhie / ___anugraha zabda ke upakAra aura kalyANa artha meM apekSAbheda se do Azaya phalita hote haiM (1) upakAra - yaha saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati kiyA jAtA hai| isameM svopakAra aura paropakAra donoM hI garbhita hai / (2) kalyANa se abhiprAya Atma-kalyANa liyA jAe to zrAvaka aNu For Personal & Private Use Only

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346 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 33 vratI mahAvratI sAdhakoM ko dAna denA sva-para- kalyANa sAdhaka hai / unheM bhI samAdhi prApta hotI hai, ve jJAna - darzana - cAritra kI sAdhanA sugamatA se kara pAte haiM aura dAtA ko bhI jJAna - darzana - cAritra rUpa samAdhi upalabdha hotI hai| Agama ke uddharaNa meM yahI bAta kahI gaI hai / isa dRSTi se isa prakAra ke dAna ko zraddhAdAna kahA jAtA hai / ataH dAna ke mukhya bheda do haiM (1) zraddhAdAna aura (2) anukaMpAdAna anukaMpAdAna meM laukika dRSTi pramukha hai jabaki zraddhAdAna meM AtmikaAtmakalyANarUpa dRSTi kI pramukhatA hai / anukampAdAna kA sarvazreSTha udAharaNa tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kA varSIdAna hai jo ve dIkSA grahaNa karane se pahale eka varSa taka binA kisI bheda bhAva ke mAnava mAtra ko dete rahate haiM / dAna ke pramukha bheda haiM (1) AhAra dAna ( 2 ) auSadhadAna (3) abhayadAna aura (4) jJAna-dAna / jinameM abhayadAna ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai dANANa seTTha abhayappayANaM (Arya sudharmA kRta vIrastuti) phira vibhinna apekSAoM se dAna ke aneka bheda bhI kiye gaye haiM / ThANAMga meM dAna ke dasa bheda ginAye gaye haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM kRpA athavA dayA kI bhAvanA se dAna denA / 1. anukampAdAna 2. sagraMhadAna kisI kI pratiSThA bacAne athavA unnati meM sahayogI banane kI bhAvanA se denA / - - 6. gauravadAna 7. adharmadAna 8. dharmadA -- 3. bhayadAna Adi ke bhaya se denA, bhayadAna hai / - - - 4. kAruNyadAna mRta vyakti ke svajanoM ke prati karuNAbhAva se diyA gayA dAna / jaise- kisI vyakti ke mara jAne para usake janmAntara meM sukha milane kI AzA se loga vastra, cArapAI, gAya Adi kA dAna dete haiM / -- - rAjA, purohita, cugalakhora, daNDAdhikArI, rakSAdhikArI 5. lajjAdAna samAja ke bIca koI kucha mAMga baiThe to apanI pratiSThA athavA lajjA bacAne ke lie jo diyA jAtA hai, vaha dAna | yaha yaza kI kAmanA se diyA jAtA hai / adharma meM nirata vyaktiyoM ko denA / dharmI, dharmAcaraNa karane vAloM ko diyA gayA dAna / - For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra-(virati-saMvara) 347 9. kariSyatidAna - 'Aja maiM isako de dUM to bhaviSya me yaha bhI merA upakAra karegA,' isa prati AzA se diyA jAne vAlA dAna / 10. kRtadAna - kisI ke pahale kiye hue sahayoga-upakAra kA badalA cukAne ke lie jo kucha diyA jAtA hai, vaha kRtadAna hai / isI prakAra anya apekSAoM se bhI dAna ke bhedoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / kintu pramukha bheda haiM (1) sudAna aura (2) kudAna / sudAna kA abhiprAya hai, dete samaya bhI dAtA kI bhAvanA zubha ho aura usakA phala bhI Atma-kalyANakArI ho / kudAna - yaha aisA dAna hai ki isakA phala Atma-kalyANakArI nahIM hotA, isake phalasvarUpa indriya aura mana ko sukha dene vAle sAdhana to upalabdha hote haiM, kiMtu ve AtmA ko patana kI ora abhimukha karane vAle hI banate haiN| ___ mUla bAta yaha hai ki dAna meM ahaMkAra aura yaza Adi kI bhAvanA na honI cAhie aura vaha apane nyAya dvArA upArjita sAdhanoM meM se ucita saMvibhAga karake diyA jAya / Agama vacana - davvasuddhaNaM dAyagasuddheNaM tavassivisuddhaNaM tikaraNasuddhaNaM paDigAhasuddheNaM tiviheNaM tikaraNasuddhaNaM dANeNaM / - bhagavatI za. 15, sU. 541 (dravya zuddha se, dAtR zuddha se, tapasvI zuddha se, trikaraNa zuddha se, pAtra zuddha se dAna kI vizeSatA hotI hai. / ) dAna kI vizeSatA vidhidravyadAtRpAtravizeSAttadvizeSaH / 34 / 1. vidhi, 2. dravya, 3. dAtA aura 4. pAtra kI vizeSatA kI apekSA dAna kI vizeSatA hotI hai / vivecana - pratyeka kriyA phalavatI hotI hai, usakA phala avazya milatA hai / vaha phala do prakAra kA hotA hai -sAmAnya aura vizeSa yadi kriyA sAmAnya koTi kI huI to usakA phala bhI sAmAnya hogA aura vizeSa prakAra kI kriyA vizeSa phaladAyI banegI / dAna ke viSaya meM bhI yahI satya hai / isake bhI sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM prakAra ke phala prApta hote haiN| prastuta sUtra meM yahI sUcana kiyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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348 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 7 : sUtra 34 dAna ke cAra aMga hai- 1. dAtA svayaM, 2. dravya-dI jAne vAlI vastu, 3. diye jAne kI vidhi yA tarIkA aura 4. pAtra-lene vAlA vyakti / ina cAroM ke AdhAra para hI dAna kA vizeSa-vizeSa phala hotA hai / vizeSa kA artha yahA~ taratamabhAva athavA nyUnAdhikatA hai / (1) vidhi - dAna dene kA tarIkA (way, method, how) vidhi hai| deza, kAla, zraddhA, satkAra Adi vidhi meM garbhita hai / udAharaNa ke lie annadAna ko leM, vaha zuddhatApUrvaka banAyA gayA ho, apane svayaM ke lie hI nirmita ho, usameM se AdarapUrvaka diyA jAya, yaha dAna dene kI vidhi hai / (2) dravya - deya vastu (what)- jo vastu dI jAye, vaha lene vAle ke guNoM ko bar3hAne vAlI ho, sAtha hI jIvana yAtrA me sahakArI/upayogI bne| (3) dAtR - dAtA, yaha dAna kA sabase mahatvapUrNa aMga hai, kyoMki dene vAlA bhI vahI hai aura dAna kA phala bhogane vAlA bhI vahI hai / dAtA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki usake mana-vacana-kAya zuddha hoN| dAna dete samaya, aura usake pahale tathA pIche bhI, usake mana me kaMjUsI, IrSyA Adi durbhAva na AyeM / madhura vacanoM se pAtra kA satkAra kare / kAyA se uThakara vinaya kare, bhakti aura bahumAnapUrvaka vinamra bhAva se de / mana meM yahI soce ki Aja merA bhAgya udaya haA hai ki maiM kucha dekara svayaM ko dhanya banA sakA, isa pAtra ne dAna lekara mujhe saubhAgya pradAna kiyA / aise car3hate bhAvoM se diye gaye dAna kA phala utkRSTa hotA hai / (4) pAtra - yaha tIna prakAra ke hote haiM, mahAvratI, aNuvratI aura zrAvaka (avirata samyaktvI ) / mahAvratI ko dene kA phala uttama (bahuta acchA) aNuvratI ko dene kA phala madhyama aura samyaktvI zrAvaka ko dAna sahayoga kI bhAvanA se diyA jAtA hai / sAmAnya pAtroM kI apekSA pAtra (supAtra) ko dAna dene kA phala bahuta adhika hotA hai / vidhi Adi cAra bAtoM kI apekSA se hI dAna ke phalaM meM vizeSatA AtI hai arthAt yaha cAroM uttama haiM to phala bhI uttama hogA aura inakI uttamatA meM jitanI kamI AtI jAyegI, phala meM bhI utanI hI kamI svayameva hotI calI jAyegI / vidhi, Adi kA vicAra-viveka zraddhAdAna meM kiyA jAtA hai, anukaMpAdAna ke lie aisA viveka anivArya nahIM hai / jIva mAtra-anukampA kA pAtra hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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AThavAM adhyAya bandha tattva (ABSORPTION AND AFFIXMENT OF KARMAPARTICLES) upodghAta pichale sAtaveM adhyAya meM AcAra-(virati saMvara) tattva kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai / aba krama prApta pA~cavA~ tattva bandha hai / prastuta AThaveM adhyAya meM isI baMdha tattva kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| baMdha kA svarUpa, usake mithyAdarzana Adi hetu tathA unakA svarUpa, baMdha kisa prakAra hotA hai, prakRti sthiti-anubhAga Adi baMdha ke bheda, prakRti baMdha ke uttarabheda, jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM ke baMdha, inakI uttara prakRtiyoM ke baMdha, inakI sthiti, phala pradAna zakti, puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM Adi kA sarvAMgapUrNa varNana prastuta adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai / anta meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki phala-pradAna ke anantara ina karmaprakRtiyoM - karma-dalikoM kA kyA hotA hai, ve kisa dazA meM pahuMca jAte prastuta adhyAya kA prArambha baMdhahetu varNana se huA hai / Agama vacana . paMca AsavadArA paNNattA, taM jahA-micchattaM, aviraI, pamAyA, kasAyA, jogA / - samavAyAMga, samavAya 5 (AsravadvAra pAMca kahe gaye haiM, yathA (1) mithyAtva (2) avirati (3) pramAda (4) kaSAya aura (5) yoga / ) bandhahetu mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogAbandhahetavaH / 1 / (bandhahetu pA~ca hai- (1) mithyAdarzana (2) avirati (3) pramAda (4) kaSAya aura. (5) yoga / ) vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM baMdhahetu batAye gaye haiM / baMdhahetu kA abhi For Personal & Private Use Only

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350 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 1 prAya haiM - bandha ke kAraNa (instrument or causes) / arthAt jina kAraNoM se karma vargaNAoM (pudgala) ke sAtha Atma-pradezoM kA baMdha hotA hai ve baMdhaH hetu athavA bandha ke nimitta yA kAraNa kahalAte haiM / / satra meM aise 5 heta batAye haiM / yaha pramukha bheda haiM / inake avAntara bheda bhI aneka haiM / baMdha hetuoM ke viSaya meM tIna paramparAe~ upalabdha hotI hai| (1) kaSAya aura yoga - yaha baMdha ke do hetu hai / (2) mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga - yaha baMdha ke cAra hetu haiN| (3) mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga- yaha baMdha ke pA~ca hetu hai / . yadyapi ina tInoM paramparAoM meM saMkhyAbheda to haiM, kintu tAttvika bheda nahIM hai / kyoMki jahA~ kaSAya aura yoga-yaha do baMdhahetu mAne gaye haiM, vahA~ mithyAtva, avirati aura pramAda kA 'kaSAya' meM antarbhAva kara diyA gayA hai aura 4 baMdha hetu vAlI paramparA meM kaSAya meM pramAda kA antarbhAva kara diyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha tInoM paramparAe~ prAmANika haiM, vastu tathya kI sahI jJAna karAtI haiM; kintu prathama paramparA ati saMkSipta hai aura dUsarI saMkSipta / tIsarA paramparA meM pA~ca baMdhahetu batAye gaye haiM / inakA saMkSipta paricaya yaha hai - (ka) mithyAtva - mithyAtva kA artha hai- vastu kA yathArtha zraddhAna na honA / isake sAtha hI dUsarA artha yaha bhI hotA hai ki vastu ke viSaya meM ayathArtha zraddhAna honA / ye donoM hI bAteM eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM- eka negeTiva hai aura dUsarI pojITiva / jisa vyakti ko yathArtha zraddhAna na hogA, use ayathArtha zraddhAna to hogA hI, isameM do mata nahIM ho sakate / zAstroM meM mithyAtva ke 25 bheda batAye gaye haiM, jinameM mithyAtva kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / (1) abhigRhIta - para ke upadeza grahaNa kiyA huA / (2) anabhigRhIta - naisargika, yaha mithyAtva jIva ke sAtha anAdi kAla se lagA huA hai / isameM paropadeza kI apekSA nahIM hotI / jIva moha-vimUr3ha banA rahatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 351 (3) sAMzayika - deva-guru-dharma ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM saMzayagrasta rahanA / (4) anAbhogika-mithyAtva kI prabala dazA / yaha ekendriya Adi jIvoM meM hotA hai / (5) Abhinivezika - asatya samajhakara bhI apane pakSa se cipake rahanA / isI kA dUsarA nAma mithyAgraha yA durAgraha haiM / isI prakAra mithyAtva ke anya bheda bhI haiM - (6) laukika (7) lokottara (8) kupravAcanika (9) avinaya (10) akriyA (11) AzAtanA (12) AuyA (AtmA ko puNya-pApa nahIM lagatA) yaha mAnyatA (13) jina vANI kI nyUna prarUpaNA (14) jinavANI kI adhika prarUpaNA (15) jinavANI se viparIta prarUpaNA (16) dharma ko adharma (17) adharma ko dharma (18) sAdhu ko asAdhu (19) asAdhu ko sAdhu (20) jIva ko ajIva (21) ajIva ko jIva (22) mokSamArga ko saMsAra mArga (23) saMsAra mArga ko mokSamArga (24) mukta ko amukta aura (25) amukta ko mukta kahanA / __ zAstroM meM mithyA matavAdiyoM ke 363 bheda ginAye gaye haiM-kriyAvAdiyoM (jo kevala kriyA se hI mokSa mAnate haiM) ke 180, akriyAvAdiyoM (sirpha jJAna se hI mokSa mAnanevAle) ke 84, ajJAnavAdiyoM (ajJAna se hI mukti milegI, aisA jinakA mata hai) ke 67 aura vainayikoM ( vinaya ko hI mukti kA sAdhana mAnane vAle) ke 32 bheda hai / ye sabhI ekAntavAdI hone se mithyAtva meM gine gaye hai / isI taraha vistRta apekSA se vicAra kiyA jAe to mithyAtva ke agaNita bheda ho sakate haiM; kintu pramukha bheda 25 haiM / / (kha) avirati - avirati kA artha hai hRdaya meM AzA- tRSNA kA astitva rahanA; pApa kAryoM, AsravadvAroM, indriya aura mana ke viSayoM se virakta na honA / svarUpa kI apekSA se avirati ke 12 bheda hote haiM - (1-6) pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni aura vanaspati, yaha 5 sthAvara aura 6 trasa kAya-calate phirate jIva- ina chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI hisA kA tyAga na karanA / (7-12) sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu, zrotra-yaha pA~ca indriyA~ For Personal & Private Use Only

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352 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 1 aura chaThA mana-ina chahoM ko apane-apane viSayoM meM pravRtta hone se na roknaa| (ga) pramAda - pramAda kA sAmAnya artha Alasya hai / yaha manuSya ke apane zarIra meM rahA huA, usakA pracchanna kintu ghora zatru hai / yaha bar3A mIThA jahara hai / sAmAnyataH manuSya ko yaha acchA lagatA hai, kintu isakA pariNAma bar3A bhayaMkara hotA hai / isI ke kAraNa manuSya kuzala-kAryoM-dharma-kAryoM ko nahIM kara pAtA, kartavya-akartavya meM asAvadhAnI baratatA hai, . zubha pariNati meM utsAha nahIM kara pAtA, mokSamArga kI ora gati-pragati nahIM kara pAtA hai / pramAda ke pramuka bheda 5 aura uttara bheda 15 haiM / .. (1) mada - rUpa, kula, jAti, jJAna, tapa Adi kA abhimAna. / (2-6) viSaya - pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM meM AsaktiH / (7-10) kaSAya - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha-cAroM kaSAyoM meM prvRtti| (11-14) vikathA - strIkathA, bhojanakathA, rAjakathA, dezakathA- ina cAroM nirarthaka aura pApakArI kathAoM ko karanA, kahanA, sunanA / (15) nidrA - Alasya, nIMda, sustI meM par3e rahanA / (gha) kaSAya - AtmA ke kaluSita pariNAma kaSAya hai / kaSAya hI janma aura maraNa kAmUla kAraNa haiM / karmabandha meM inakI pramukha bhUmikA hai / ba~dhI karmavargaNAoM meM inhIM ke kAraNa sthiti (samaya maryAdA) aura anubhAga (rasa dene kI zakti) par3atA hai / saMsAra meM -cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa kA yahI pramukha kAraNa haiM aura inakI upasthiti meM jIva kI mukti nahIM ho pAtI / kaSAyoM ke pramukha bheda 4 aura avAntara bheda 25 haiM / ina sabakA varNana isI adhyAya ke sUtra 10 meM kiyA jA rahA hai / (Ga) yoga - yoga kA artha hai pravRtti / yaha zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra kI hotI hai| zubhayoga (pravRtti) se puNya kA aura azubhayoga (pravRtti) se pApa kA Asrava hotA hai / isake mukhya rUpa se 3 bheda hai aura uttara bheda 15 haiN| (1) manoyoga- yaha mana kI (mAnasika) pravRtti hai / isake 4 bheda haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva (a) satya manoyoga satya sambandhI mAnasika pravRtti / (ba) asatya manoyoga asatya se saMbaMdhita mAnasika pravRtti / satya-asatya mizrita mana kI pravRtti / ( sa ) mizra manoyoga (da) vyavahAra manoyoga vyavahAra lakSyI mAnasika vRtta / prakAra haiM (2) vacana kI pravRtti ko 'vacanayoga' kahA jAtA hai / isake bhI cAra (2) satya vacanayoga ( ba ) asatya vacanayoga (sa) mizra vacanayoga aura (da) vyavahAra vacanayoga / bheda 7 haiM / - (sa) vaikriya kAyayoga hai / isa zarIra kI pravRtti / - (3) kAyayoga kAyika athavA kAyasaMbaMdhI pravRtti / isake uttara audArikazarIra kI pravRtti / aisA zarIra (a) audArika kAyayoga manuSyoM aura tiryaMcoM kA hotA hai / (ba) audArikamizra kAyayoga audArika zarIra ke sAtha anya kisI zarIra kI sandhi ke samaya hone vAlI kAyika pravRtti / yaha zarIra devoM aura nArakiyoM ke hotA - - - - (da) vaikriyamizra kAyayoga zarIra kI saMdhi ke samaya kI kAyika pravRtti | (ya) AhAraka kAyayoga AhAraka zarIra kI pravRtti / yaha zarIra 14 pUrvadhara saMyamI muni hI apane tapasyAjanya labdhibala se nirmita karate haiN| (ra) AhArakamizra kAyayoga AhAraka zarIra ke sAtha anya zarIra kI saMdhi ke samaya hone vAlI kAMyika pravRtti / - - 353 - - (la) kArmaNa kAyayoga kArmaNazarIra kI pravRtti / jaba jIva eka gati se dUsarI gati meM janma lene ke lie gamana karatA hai, taba kArmaNa kAyayoga sAtha hotA hai / vaikriyazarIra se mizrita anya kisI isa prakAra 5 mukhya bandhahetuoM ke uttara bheda (25 mityAtva +12 avirati+25 pramAda + 25 kaSAya + 15yoga ) = 92 haiM / ina sabhI bandhahetuoM meM mithyAtva sabhI kA mUla AdhAra hai / anAdi kAla se yahI jIva ko ananta saMsAra maM paribhramaNa karA rahA hai| mukti prApta karane ke lie sabase pahale isI ko samApta karanA anivArya hai / sUtra meM varNita pA~co bandhahetu krama se haiM / yadi pahalA mithyAtva bandhahetu hogA to zeSa Age ke cAroM bandha hetu bhI avazya hoMge / For Personal & Private Use Only

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354 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 3 jisa krama se yaha baMdhahetu likhe gaye haiM, usI krama se chUTate haiM |aisaa nahIM hai ki kaSAya athavApramAda baMdhahetu to chUTa jAya; kintu mithyAtva athavA avirati baMdhahetu banA rahe, kama baMdhana karAtA rahe / ataH inakA krama dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai / Agama vacana - jogabaMdhe kasAyabaMdhe .' - samAvAyAMga, samavAya 5 dohiM ThANehi pAvakammA baMdhaMti, taM jahA-rAgeNa ya doseNa ya rAge duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-mAyA ya lobhe ya dose duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-kohe ya mANe ya - sthAnAMga, sthAna 2, u. 2; prajJApanA pada 23, sUtra 5 (bandha yoga se hotA hai aura kaSAya se hotA hai / do sthAnoM (kAraNoM) se pApa karma ba~dhate haiM - rAga se aura dveSa se / rAga do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai - 'mAyA (kapaTa) aura lobha / dveSa do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai - krodha aura mAna / ). bandha kA lakSaNa - sakaSAyAtvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte / 2 / sa bandhaH / 3 / kaSAya sahita hone se jIva karmoM ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai| vaha bandha hai / vivecana - samasta loka meM pudgala vargANAe~ bharI hai / inake kaI prakAra haiN| unameM se karma-yogya pudagala vargaNaoM kA AtmA ke sAtha karma-bandha ke rUpa meM saMbaMdha hotA hai / yaha baMdha kaSAya sahita jIva ko hotA hai / / kaSAya se anuraMjita AtmA ke pariNAma jaba prakampita/spandita hote haiM to unameM eka aisI vizeSa prakAra kI AkarSaNa zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai jo karma-vargaNAoM ko AkarSita kara letI hai aura ve vargaNAe~ AtmA ke sAtha cipaka jAtI hai, yahI jIva ke sAtha karma-vargaNA kA milana/karmabaMdha hai / isako udAharaNa dvArA yoM samajha sakate haiM - jaise koI cikanA vastra bAhara par3A ho to vaha vAyumaMDala meM phaile sUkSma rajakaNoM ko AkarSita kara letA hai| yahI sthiti kaSAyayukta AtmA kI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 355 Agama vacana - cauvvihe baMdhe paNNate, taM jahA-pagaibaMdhe ThiibaMdhe aNubhAvabaMdhe paesaMbaMdhe / - samAvAyAgaM, samavAya 4 _ (bandha cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai, yathA. (1) prakRtibandha (2) sthitibandha (3) anubhAvabandha aura (4) pradezabandha / ) bandha ke bheda prakRtisthityanubhAvapradezAstadvidhayaH / 4 / 1. prakRtibaMdha 2. sthitibaMdha, 3. anubhAvabandha aura 4. pradezabandhayaha baMdha kI cAra vidhiyAM athavA prakAra haiM / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM baMdha kI cAra dazAoM ko batAyA gayA hai| unakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai - 1. prakRtibandha - jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye hue karma-pudgalo -skandhoM dalikoM, kArmaNa vargaNAoM meM vibhinna prakAra kI zakti utpanna ho jAne ko prakRtibandha kahA jAtA hai / karma kI mUla prakRtiyA~ 8.(jJAnAvaraNIya Adi) hai aura uttaraprakRtiyA~ 148 haiM / prakRtibaMdha meM karma-dalika ina prakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM avasthita ho jAte haiM / . 2. sthitibandha - karma-dalikoM ke AtmA ke sAtha cipake rahane sambaddha rahane kI kAla maryAdA sthitibandha hai / 3. anubhAvabandha - anubhAva kA abhiprAya karmoM kI phala dene kI zakti hai / karma kisa prakAra kA maMda, maMdatara, maMdatama, tIvra, tIvratara, tIvratama, phala ( jIva ko vedana karAyegA yaha anubhAgabaMdha se nizcita hotA hai / anubhAgabaMdha ko rasabandha tathA anubhAgabaMdha bhI kahA jAtA hai / 4. pradezabandha - karma-pudgaloM kA jIva ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAnA, cipaka jAnA, sambaddha ho jAnA, pradezabandha hai / jIva ke tIvra pariNAmoM se adhika karma-dalika jIva ke sAtha sambaddha hote haiM aura manda pariNAmoM se kama / zAstroM meM ina cAroM prakAra ke bandha ke lie modaka (laDDuoM) kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai / modaka koI halakA, koI bhArI, bar3e AkAra, choTe AkAra vibhinna prakAra kA hotA hai, isI prakAra AtmA ke sAtha cipakane vAle karma-paramANu For Personal & Private Use Only

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356 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 4 bhI kama yA adhika vibhinna prakAra ke hote hai- yaha pradeza bandha kA udAharaNa haiM / koI laDDU vAta-pittanAzaka hai, to koI gariSTha, duSpAcya aura roga utpanna karane vAlA hai, yaha modakoM kI prakRti athavA svabhAva hai / isI prakAra jIva se sambaddha karma - pudgaloM meM se kisI kA Avaraka svabhAva hotA hai, aura kisI kA svabhAva zarIra kA cayopacaya - hAni-vRddhi karane vAlA / isa vibhinna prakAra ke svabhAva ko prakRti kahate haiM / yaha prakRtibandha kA udAharaNa hai / jisa prakAra eka nizcita samaya taka hI modakoM ke paramANu cipake rahate haiM, modaka rUpa meM rahate haiM aura usake bAda bikhara jAte haiM, alaga-alaga ho jAte haiM, unakA modaka rUpa samApta ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra nizcita samaya taka hI karma-paramANu AtmA se cipake rahate haiM, usake bAda jhar3a jAte haiM, alaga ho jAte haiM / yaha sthitibandha kA udAharaNa haiM / jisa prakAra laDDuoM meM madhura tikta Adi bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke svAda (rasa) hote haiM aura phira madhura meM bhI kama mIThA, adhika mIThA Adi taratamabhAva hotA hai usI prakAra karmoM meM sukhada - duHkhada, zubha -azubha, mandatIvra Adi vibhinna prakAra ke anubhAva vedana karAne kI, phala dene kI, rasa kA AsvAdana karAne kI zakti hotI hai / yaha anubhAvabaMdha kA udAharaNa hai / AcArya pravara ne apane sUtra meM baMdha ke inhI 4 prakAroM (bhedoM athavA vidhiyoM) kA nirdeza kiyA haiM; kintu karmagranthoM meM anya apekSA se bhI bandha ke cAra prakAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI karma kI 11 dazAoM (baMdha sahita) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / prasaMgopAtta hone se hama una sabhI kA paricaya yahAM de rahe haiM jisase baMdha kA viSaya sugamatApUrvaka pUrNa rUpa se samajha meM A jAya / 1. baMdha (ka) baddha - karma - prAyogya pudgaloM - karma - dalikoM athavA karma vargaNAoM kA eka jagaha (sthAna para) ikaTThA ho jAnA; jaise eka sthAna para suiyAM ekatrita ho jAye. - isake anya apekSA se yaha cAra bheda haiM (kha) spRSTa Atma-pradezoM se karmo kA saMzliSTa ho jAnA, cipaka jAnA; jaise suiyoM ko dhAge dvArA majabUtI se bA~dha diyA jAya / - - (ga) baddha-spRSTa Atma-pradezoM kA karma - pudgaloM ke sAtha ekameka ho jAnA; jaise dUdha aura pAnI mila jAte haiM, eka meka ho jAte haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 357 (gha) nighatta - Atma-pradezoM kA karma-pudgalo ke sAtha atyanta gAr3ha (gaharA) sambandha ho jAnA; jaise-suiyoM ko Aga meM tapAkara aura hathaur3eM se pITakara eka kara denA / yaha cAroM prakAra ke baMdha uttarottara gADha-pragAr3ha hote jAte haiN| (2) sattA - isI kA dUsarA nAma sthiti hai / jaba taka karma AtmapradezoM ke sAtha lage rahate haiM, unakI nirjarA nahIM hotI; taba taka ve sattA meM rahate haiM / (3) udaya - yaha karmoM kI phala pradAna karane kI avasthA hai / ise anubhAva bhI kaha sakate haiM / isake do bheda haiM -1. pradezodaya aura 2. vipAkodaya / (ka) pradezodaya - vaha hai jisameM vedanA (karma dvArA diye jAne vAle phala yA karma ke rasa) kA spaSTa anubhava nahIM hotA; jaise - mUrcchita vyakti ko ulaTanA-palaTanA, suI cubhonA Adi; kyoMki isa dazA meM use vedanA kA spaSTa anubhava nahIM hotA / (kha) vipAkodaya - meM karmajanya vedanA kA spaSTa anubhava jIva ko hotA hai / yaha anubhava chaha prakAra se batAyA gayA hai - 1. dravya, 2. kSetra, 3. kAla, 4. bhAva, 5. bhava aura 6. hetu / inheM udAharaNoM se samajhanA sugama hogA / . koI vyakti miThAI adhika khAtA hai to use zakkara (sugar) kI vyAdhi ho jAtI hai, yaha dravyavipAka hai / chAyA se dhUpa meM jAne para uSNatA kI anubhUti kSetravipAka hai / sardI lagakara jAr3e meM jukAma-khA~sI ho jAnA kAlavipAka kA udAharaNa hai / jaba vartamAna meM koI spaSTa bAhya nimitta na ho, usa dazA meM purAnI smRtiyoM athavA bhAvI AzaMkAoM meM bharakara krodhita ho jAnA, krodha kA anubhava karanA, Adi bhAvavipAka hai / yaha vipAka mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi se bhI hotA hai / bhavavipAka - janma-sApekSa hai, jaise nArakiyoM kI ghora kaSTa vedanA aura devoM ke divya bhoga / kyoMki aisI ghora vedanA athavA sukhaHbhoga inhIM gatiyoM aura inhIM janmoM meM prApta hotI hai, anya gatiyoM-janmoM meM nahIM / ___ hetuvipAka - meM spaSTa bAhya nimitta kAraNa par3atA haiM; jaise kisI ne gAlI dI aura sunane vAle ko. krodha A gayA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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358 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8: sUtra 4 4. udIraNA karmoM kI nizcita avadhi se pahale hI, unakI sthiti ko ghAta karake, unheM bhogakara nirjarita kara denA - AtmA se pRthaka kare denA udIraNA kahalAtI hai / jisa prakAra kArabeTa, pAla Adi meM rakhakara Ama Adi phala samaya se pahale hI pakA liye jAte haiM; isI prakAra apanA vizeSa prayatna karake karmoM ko bhI nizcita avadhi se pahale bhoga lenA udIraNA hai / I udIraNA ke viSaya meM tIna bAteM dhyAna rakhane yogya hai - (ka) sAmAnya rUpa se jisa karma kA udaya cala rahA hai, usI karma ke sajAtIya karma kI hI udIraNA kI jA sakatI hai / (kha) udayAvalikA (eka AvalikA' samaya kI sImA meM udaya Ane vAle) meM Aye hue karma - dalikoM kI udIraNA nahIM ho sakatI / (ga) udIraNA kevala alpakaSAya dvArA baMdhe hue karmoM kI hI ho sakatI hai; tIvra kaSAya dvArA baMdhe karmoM kI nahIM hotI / 5. udvartanA karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAva bar3hA lenA; hue udAharaNa ke lie, corI karake jhUTha bolanA pApakarma kI sthiti - anubhAva bar3hA detA hai / - isI taraha zubhakarmo kI sthiti bhI bar3hAI jA sakatI hai / jaise kisI rogI ko madhura zabdoM se sAMtvanA dekara usakI sevA bhI karanA / 6. apavartanA yaha udvartanA kI viparIta sthiti hai / isakA abhiprAya hai - baMdhe huekarmoM kI sthiti - anubhAva kama kara lenA; jaise- koI galata kAma karake usakA prAyazcitta karanA, pApakarma kI sthiti - anubhAva ko kama kara detA hai aura dAna dekara abhimAna karane se zubha karma kI sthitianubhAva meM kamI A jAtI hai, usakA phala kama milatA hai / 7. saMkramaNa vizeSa prayatna karake eka karma - prakRti ko dUsarI karmaprakRti meM parivartita kare lenA / - yadyapi zAstroM meM AvalikA ko asaMkhyAta samaya kA batAyA gayA hai) spaSTa kAla pramANa nahIM gayA kintu Adhunika vaijJAnikoM dvArA AvalikA meM kitanA samaya (time) hotA hai, isakA eka anumAna prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hailagabhaga 1.875579974109 ikAI samaya (time unit) milakara eka sekaNDa kA nirmANa karate haiM / aise lagabhaga 300000 ikAI samaya taka eka AvalikA banAte haiM / (tIrthaMkara, janavarI 86 ) I isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki AvalikA (time) kAla kA kitanA sUkSma aMza hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 359 saMkramaNa meM nimna bAte dhyAna rakhane yogya haiM / (ka) yaha sirpha sajAtIya karma-prakRtiyoM meM hI ho sakatA hai; jaise darzanAvaraNIya karma kI nidrA prakRti kA saMkramaNa nidrA-nidrA prakRti meM athavA nidrA-nidrA kA nidrA prakRti meM ho sakatA hai, acakSudarzanAvaraNIya athavA avadhi yA kevala darzanAvaraNIya meM nahIM ho sakatA / (kha) yaha kevala kisI karma kI uttaraprakRtiyoM meM saMbhava hai, mUla prakRtiyoM meM nahIM / (ma) Ayu karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM meM paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / (gha) darzanamohanIya kA saMkramaNa cAritramohanIya meM athavA cAritramohanIya kA darzanamohanIya meM nahIM hotA / (Ga) udaya (udayAvalikA) meM AI haI karma-prakatiyoM meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA; jo prakRtiyAM udaya meM nahIM AI haiM, unhIM meM saMkramaNa saMbhava hai| 8. upazamana - isakA artha hai upazAMta athavA zAMta karanA / jaise nirmalI (phiTakarI) Adi DAlane se pAnI kI gaMdagI talI meM nIce baiTha jAtI hai aura pAnI svaccha-sApha dikhAI dene lagatA hai, isI prakAra karma kA sarvathA udaya na hone kI dazA ko upazamana kahA jAtA hai / . upazamana meM udaya aura udIraNA nahIM hotI; kintu udvartanA, apavartanA Adi ho sakate haiM / upazamana kA kAla pUrA hone para karma punaH udaya meM Akara apanA kAma karane lagatA hai, arthAt phala dene lagatA hai / 9. nidhatti - nidhatti, karma kI aisI dazA hai jisameM udIraNA aura saMkramaNa nahIM ho sakate; kintu udvartanA aura apavartanA saMbhava hai / 10. nikAcanA- jisa rUpa meM karmoM kA bandha huA hai, unakA phala usI rUpa meM anivAryarUpa se bhoganA / ise niyati bhI kaha sakate haiM / isameM AtmA kA koI durasvArtha kAma nahIM karata kyoMki isameM uddara, jayadartana, saMkramaNa, udIraNA Adi nahIM hotI / yAnI isameM koI phera-phAra nahIM hotaa| 11. abAdha - jaba taka karma sattA meM hI rahe, usakA udaya prArambha na ho, vaha kisI prakAra kA phala na de, usa dazA ko abAdha kahA jAtA hai, tathA karmabandha se udaya meM Ane taka ke - bIca ke samaya ko abAdhA kaal| For Personal & Private Use Only

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360 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8: sUtra 5-6 isake lie zAstroM meM bAlA - strI kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai / jaise vivAhita hote hue bhI bAlikA - strI apane yuvA tathA bhoga-sakSama pati kI kAma - bhAvanA ko nahIM bhar3akAtI, usI prakAra abAdhA kAla meM karma bhI jIva ko kisI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM pahu~cAtA, vaha abAdha banA rahatA hai / ise yoM samajheM jaise bIja bone ke bAda phala pakane taka kA samaya = kyoMki pakane ke bAda hI phala upabhoga yogya hotA hai, usase pahale nahIM / jisa prakAra bhUmi ke andara par3A huA bIja, mAlI athavA kisAna kI upabhogecchA ko nahIM bhar3akAtA usI prakAra kI karma kI abAdha dazA hai / kisa karma kA abAdhAkAla kitanA hai, yaha usa karma ke sthitibandha para nirbhara hai / isakI gaNanA kA sAdhAraNa niyama yaha hai jitane kor3Akor3I sAgara kI sthiti ba~dhe utane hI 100 varSa kA abAdhAkAla hotA hai / udAharaNArtha jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti 30 kor3A - kor3I sAgaropama hai to usakA abAdhAkAla 30x100 = 3000 varSa kA hogA / isI prakAra anya sabhI karmoM kI mUla aura uttara prakRtiyoM kA ( Ayu karma ko chor3akara) abAdhAkAla jJAta kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra karmabandha kI yaha 11 sthitiyA~ hai / inameM bandha kA sampUrNa svarUpa samAyA huA hai / inhe hRdayagama karane para bandha tattva ko samajhanA sarala aura sugama ho jAtA hai / (tAlikA pRSTha 361 para dekheM) Agama vacana aTTha kammapagaDIo paNNattAoM taM jahA - NANAvaraNijjaM daMsaNAvaraNijjaM vedaNijjaM mohaNijjaM AuyaM nAmaM goyaM antarAiyaM / prajJApanA pada 21, u. 1. sUtra 288 ( karmaprakRtiyAM ATha prakAra kI haiM 1. jJAnAvaraNIya 2. darzanAvaraNIya 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. Ayu 6 nAma 7 gotra aura 8 antarAya / mUlakarma prakRtiyoM ke nAma aura unakI uttaraprakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza - - - Adyo jJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyuSka nAmagotrAntarAyAH / 5 / paMcanavadvyaSTAvizaticaturdvicatvAriMzadvipaMcabhedA yathAkramam | 6 | For Personal & Private Use Only

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. karma kI dazAeM (avasthAeM) sattA udvartanA - - apavartanA - upazamana nidhatti abAdha - nikAcanA - abAdha janya * pariNAma kI janya prasupta avasthA For Personal & Private Use Only (eka apekSA se) jaghanya 1 pradezodaya nizcita karmoM karmoM karmoM 1 prakRtibaMdha madhyama 2 vipAkodaya avadhi kI . kI kI kI 2 pradezabaMdha utkRSTa se pahale sthiti sthiti uttara upazAMta 3 sthitibaMdha vipAkodaya ke hetu hI karmoM aura aura prakRtiyoM dazA 4 anubhAvabaMdha 1 dravya kI nirjarA anubhAva anubhAva kA eka (dUsarI apekSA se) 2kSetra kara denA meM vRddhi meM kamI dUsare 1baddha 3 kAla rUpa meM 2 spRSTa 4bhAva pariNamana 3 baddhaspRSTa 5bhava 4 nidhatta 6 bAhyanimitta bandha tattva noTa :- baMdha aura udaya meM maMda, maMdattara, maMdatama tathA tIvra, tIvratara kI apekSA taratamabhAva hotA hai / 361

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362 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 5-6 - (Adya) prathama (prakRtibandha) ke (mUla) ATha prakAra hai 1. jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvaraNa, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya 5. Ayu. 6. nAma, 7. gotra aura 8. antarAya ina ( mUlaprakRtiyoM) ke kramaza: pAMca, nau, dau, aTThAIsa, cAra, bayAlIsa, do aura pAMca bheda (uttaraprakRtiyAM ) haiM ! vivecana prastuta sUtra 5 meM mUla karmaprakRtiyoM ke nAma batAye gaye haiM aura sUtra 6 meM ina mUla prakRtiyoM ke uttarabhedoM kI saMkhyA kA saMketa diyA gayA hai / - mUla karmaprakRtiyoM ke lakSaNa, svabhAva aura vibhinna apekSAoM se bhedoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai / mUla karma prakRtiyoM 1. jJAnAvaraNa karma 2. darzanAvaraNa karma 3. vedanIya karma karAtA hai - - ke nAma, lakSaNa athavA svarUpa yaha AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko DhakatA hai / AtmA ke darzana guNa ko AcchAdita karatA - 4. mohanIya karma yaha jIva ke samyaktva aura cAritra guNa kA ghAta karatA hai, jIva ko svara - para- viveka, apane svarUpa kA zraddhAna aura svasvarUparamaNatA nahIM hone detA, bahirmukhIH bhavAbhinandI banAye rakhatA hai / - - - 5. Ayu karma yaha karma jIva ko kisI eka paryAya meM roke rakhAta hai, dUsare zabdoM meM isa karma ke kAraNa bhava dhAraNa hotA hai, isI kI apekSA loka meM kahA jAtA ki amuka vyakti jIvita hai / hai yaha jIva ko sAMsArika sukha - duHkho kI anubhUti 6. nAma karma isa karma ke kAraNa jIva ko vibhinna prakAra kI gati, jAti Adi prApta hotI hai tathA vibhinna prakAra ke zarIroM kI racanA hotI hai / 7. gotra karma isa karma ke udaya se jIva meM pUjaytA, apUjaytA ke bhAva Ahe haiM, vaha u~ca yA nIca kula meM janma letA hai athavA U~ca-nIca kahalAtA hai / 8. antarAya - yaha jIva kI vIryazakti kA ghAta karatA hai / usake dAna, lAbha, bhoga Adi ke utsAha meM bAdhaka banatA hai / mUla karmaprakRtiyoM kA svabhAva 1. jJAnAvaraNa karma kA svabhAva A~khoM para paTTI ba~dhane jaisA hai / jisa For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 363 prakAra paTTI ba~dhane se kucha bhI nahIM dikhAI detA usI prakAra isa karma ke prabhAva se jIva ko avabodha meM bAdhA pahu~catI hai / I 2. darzanAvaraNa karma kA svabhAva parade jaisA hai / bIca meM paradA par3A hone se manuSya dUsarI tarapha kI cIja nahIM dekha pAtA, isI prakAra yaha karma bhI dekhane meM bAdhaka banatA hai / 3. vedanIya karma zahada lapeTI churI ke samAna hai / zahada cATane se jIva ko sukha milatA hai kintu churI kI dhAra se jIbha kaTa jAtI hai taba use duHkha hotA hai / sabhI saMsArI sukhoM kI pariNati bhI isI prakAra duHkha hI hai| I 4. mohanIya karma madirA jaisA hai / naze meM bebhAna manuSya jaise apane parAye ko nahIM pahacAna pAtA, vaise hI mohanIya karma AtmA ke svara - paraviveka ko vilupta kara detA hai, mohagrasta jIva apanA hitAhita nahIM soca pAtA / 5. Ayu karma lohe ke ber3I (bandIgRha) ke samAna hai / jisa prakAra aparAdhI ko nizcata samaya taka ( jitane samaya kI use sajA milI hai utane samaya taka) bandIgRha meM rahanA par3atA hai, usI prakAra jIva ko apanI Ayu paryanta zarIra meM rahanA par3atA hai / 6. nAma karma citrakAra ke samAna hai / jisa prakAra citrakAra vibhinna prakAra ke citra banAtA hai usI prakAra nAma karma bhI vibhinna prakAra ke zarIroM kA nirmANa karatA hai / I bhI bana jAte haiM / usI 7. gotra karma kI upamA kumhAra se dI jAtI hai / jisa prakAra kumhAra ke banAe kucha ghar3e pUjA sthAna para rakhe jAte haiM, pUjanIya - prazaMsanIya banateM haiM to kucha meM madirA bharI hone ke kAraNa nindIya prakAra gotra karma ke kAraNa jIva U~ca tathA nIca kula meM janma grahaNa karatA hai| 8. antarAya karma kA svabhAva koSAdhyakSa ke samAna hai / jaise rAjA kI AjJA hone para bhI bhaMDArI yAcaka ko dhana prApti meM bAdhaka bana jAtA hai / usI prakAra antarAya karma bhI sAdhana sAmagrI hote hue bhI bhoga Adi meM vighna DAla detA hai / mUla prakRtiyoM ke bheda yaha bheda tIna apekSAoM se kiye jAte hai zakti tathA 3 puNya-pApa / - ghAtazakti kI apekSA se jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ghAtI karma hai; kyoMki yaha jIva kI jJAna - darzana - cAritra - sukha - vIrya 1. ghAtazakti. 2. AghAta For Personal & Private Use Only

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364 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 7 zaktiyoM kA ghAta karate haiM aura Ayu, nAma, gotra, vedanIya yaha aghAtI karma haiM, kyoMki ye AtmA kI nija zaktiyoM kA ghAta nahIM karate, inakA prabhAva zarIra Adi para hI pramukha rUpa se par3atA hai, ye jIva ko usI janma meM TikAe rakhate haiM / puNya-pApa kI apekSA jJAnAvaraNIya Adi cAroM karma pApa haiM; inakI sirpha samyaktvamohanIya, hAsya, rati, puruSaveda' ye cAra uttara prakRtiyA~ puNya mAnI gaI haiM / aghAtI karmoM meM sAtAvedanIya, zubha Ayu, zubha nAma, zubha gotra ye puNya prakRtiyA~ hai aura azubha Ayu, azubhanAma, azubha gotra tathA asAtAvedanIya ye pApa prakRtiyA~ hai / uttaraprakRtiyoM kI apekSA 42 prakRtiyoM kI gaNanA puNya meM aura 82 prakRtiyoM kI gaNanA pApa prakRtiyoM meM kI jAtI hai / yaha AThoM mUla prakRtiyoM ke svabhAva, lakSaNa Adi kA vivecana hai / (tAlikA pRSTha 365 para dekheM) / Agama vacana paMcavihe NANAvaraNijje kamme paNNatte taM ja hA- AbhiNibohiya NANAvaraNije jAva kevala NANAvaraNijje sthAnAMga, sthAna 5, u. 3, sUtra 464 (jJAnAvaraNa karma pA~ca prakAra hai (1) Abhinibodhika (mati) jJAnAvaraNa, (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa, (3) avadhijJAnAvaraNa, (4) manaHparyava jJAnAvaraNa, (5) kevalajJAnAvaraNa jJAnAvaraNa karma kI uttara prakRtiyAM matyAdInAm / 7 / - - - - (1) matijJAnAvaraNa (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa (3) avadhijJAnAvaraNa (4) manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa aura (5) kevalajJAnAvaraNa - yaha pA~ca jJAnAvaraNa karma ke uttarabheda hai / vivecana meM pA~coM uttaraprakRtiyoM ke spaSTa nAmoM kA ullekha na sUtra karake 'matyAdInAm' zabda se sUcana mAtra kara diyA hai / kintu Agama meM spaSTa zabdoM meM nAmollekha hai / ina pA~coM uttaraprakRtiyoM ke lakSaNa isa prakAra hai matijJAna ko Avarita karane vAlA matijJAnAvaraNa hai / isI prakAra - yaha prakRtiyA~ sirpha tattvArtha sUtra meM hI hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda puNya prakRtiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM, anya sabhI graMthoM meM yaha pApa prakRtiyA~ hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kI mUla prakRtiyA~ svabhAva ghAtI aghAtI puNya | pApa nAma . lakSaNa uttara prakRtiyAM pApa 4 | 1 | jJAnAvaraNakarma | jJAna guNa kA AcchAdAna | A~khoM para paTTI baMdhane jaisA ghAtI | 2 | darzanAvaraNakarma darzana guNa kA AcchAdAna bica maM paradA ho, aisA ghAtI | pApa 3 | vedanIyakarma | sAMsArika sukha-dukha kI | zahada lapeTI churI jaisA | - aghAtI purNa puNya bhI pApa bhI (sAtA vedanIya | (asAtA kI anubhUti kI apekSA) | apekSA) / 4 | mohanIya samyaktva aura cAritra | madirA jaisA ghAtI| - | pApa For Personal & Private Use Only kA ghAta 5 | Ayu bhavadhAraNa 6 | nAma 42 yA 93 (antarabheda sahita) bandIgRha ke samAna | citerA (citrakAra) jaisA | kumbhakAra jaisA | koSAdhyakSa jaisA puNya bhI (zubha | pApa (azubha | aghAta kI apekSA) kI apekSA) aghAtI puNya bhI (zubha | pApa (azubha adhAtA kI apekSA) | kI apekSA). apAtI puNya bhI (zubha | pApa (azubhA~ acAta kI apekSA) kI apekSA) | ghAtI| - manuSya Adi nAma pUjyatA-apUjyatA vIryazakti kA ghAta 7 | gotra bandha tattva antarAya vizeSa : mohanIya karma kI samyaktvamohanIya, hAsya, rati, purUSaveda yaha cAra prakRtiyAM puNya meM parigaNita kI gaI haiM inake atirikta zeSa sabhI 24 prakRtiyAM pApa-prakRtiyAM haiM / 365

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366 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 8 zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna, kevalajJAna kI kramazaH zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa, manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa aura kevalajJAnAvaraNa AvRta karate haiM / vizeSa - mati Adi pA~coM jJAnoM kA vistRta vivecana pahale adhyAya meM ho cukA hai / Agama vacana - Navavidhe darisaNAvariNajje kamme paNatte; taM jahA-niddA nihAniddA payalA payalApayalA thINagiddhI cakkhudaMsaNAvaraNe acaMkkhudaMsaNAvaraNe avadhidasaNAvaraNe kevaladaMsAvaraNe / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 9, sUtra 668 (darzanAvaraNa karma nau (9) prakAra kA hotA hai; jaise - (1) nidrA (2) nidrAnidrA (3) pracalA (4) pracalApracalA (5) styAnagRddhi (6) cakSudarzanAvaraNa (7) acakSudarzanAvaraNa (8) avadhidarzanAvaraNa aura (9) kevaladarzanAvaraNa / darzanAvaraNa karma kI uttaraprakRtiyAM - cakSuracakSuravadhike valAnAM nidrAnidrAnidrApracalApracalApracalAstyAnagRddhivedanIyAni ca / 8 / ((1) cakSudarzana (2) acakSudarzana (3) avadhidarzana (4) kevaladarzana (yaha cAroM AvaraNa rUpa) aura (5) nidrA) (6) nidrAnidrA (7) pracalA (8) pracalApracalA aura (9) styAnagRddhi - yahA 9 darzanAvaraNa karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ athavA bheda haiM / ) vivecana - sUtra meM nidrA Adi pA~coM prakRtiyoM ke nAmollekha ke bAda 'vedanIya' zabda diyA gayA hai, isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki nidrA Adi pA~coM prakRtiyoM ke bAda vedanIya zabda jor3a lenA cAhie; jaise - nidrAvedanIya aadi| isakA yaha bhI saMketa hai ki cakSadarzana se kevaladarzana taka kI cAroM prakRtiyA~ AvaraNa rUpa haiM / ataH inake pIche AvaraNa zabda jor3a lenA cAhie, jaise - cakSudarzanAvaraNa, acakSudarzanAvaraNa Adi / 'AvaraNa' zabda to 'darzana' karma ke sAtha hI saMyukta hai ) isakA nAma hI darzanAvaraNa karma hai / ataH isa saMketa ko to saralatApUrvaka samajhA jA sakatA hai ; isIlie AcArya ne 'AvaraNa' zabda sUtra meM nahIM diyA kintu "vedanIya' zabda 'darzanAvaraNa' zabda meM saMyukta nahIM, hai, isIlie isakA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 367 (1) cakSudarzanAvaraNa - yaha A~khoM dvArA hone vAle sAmAnya sattA ke pratibhAsa ko rokatA hai, usa para AvaraNa DAlatA hai / (2) acakSudarzanAvaraNa - yaha cakSu ke atirikta cAroM indriyoM (sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura zrotra) dvArA hone vAle sAmAnya pratibhAsa ko Avarita kara detA hai / (3) avadhidarzanAvaraNa - rUpI padArtho ke sAkSAta pratibhAsa ko rokatA hai / (4) kevaladarzanAvaraNa - samasta rUpI-arUpI padArthoM ke sAkSAta pratibhAsa ko rokatA hai / (5) nidrA - vyakti saralatA se jAga jAye aisI nIMda / (6) nidrAnidrA- kaThinatA se hAtha-pA~va hilAne para jAga sake, aisI nIMda / (7) pracalA- khar3e-khar3e yA baiThe-baiThe so jAnA / (8) pracalA-pracalA - calate-calate nIMda le lenA / prakArAntara se pracalA aisI nIMda ko bhI kahA gayA hai jaba zoka, kheda, mada Adi ke prabhAva se baiThe-baiThe hI pA~co indriyoM kA vyApAra hilanA- DulanA, kriyA-kalApa) ruka jAya tathA pracalA-pracalA aisI pragAr3ha nidrA hotI hai jisameM muMha se lAra TapakatI hai, vyakti hAtha-paira calAyA karatA hai, kintu suI cubhone se bhI nahIM jAgatA / (9) styAnagRddhi - jAgRta avasthA meM socA huA kAma, isa nidrA meM, vyakti sotA huA hI kara DAlatA hai, lekina use kucha mAlUma hI nahIM rahatA, jAgane para svayaM kI cakita raha jAtA hai ki yaha kAma maine kaise aura kaba kara diyA / isa nidrA kI do vizeSa bAte haiM - (1) prANI meM adbhuta bala A jAtA hai / sAmAnya manuSya bhI hAthI kA dA~ta ukhAr3a sakatA hai / (2) yadi pahale anya gati kI Ayu na ba~dhI ho to aisA jIva nizcita naraka meM jAtA hai / Agama vacana - sAtavedaNije ya asAyAvedaNijje . - prajJApanApada, 23, u. 2, sU. 293 For Personal & Private Use Only

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368 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 9 (( vedanIya karma do prakAra kA hai asAtAvedanIya / ) vedanIya karma kI uttaraprakRtiyAM - sadasavedye / 9 / do bheda hai / vedanIyakarma sad aura asad bheda se do prakAra kA hai vivecana vedanIya karma ke sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya - - (1) sAtAvedanIya aura (2) sAtAvedanIya karma ke phalasvarUpa jIva ko anukula saMyogoM kI prApti hotI hai jisase use zArIrika-mAnasika sukha kI anabhUti hotI hai / daMsaNamohaNije tivihe ... cArittamohaNije duvihe asAtAvedanIya karma ke phalasvarUpa pratikUla saMyogoM kI prApti hotI hai jisase jIva ko mAnasika-zArIrika duHkha - klazoM kI anubhUti hotI hai sAtA-asAtA kA lakSaNa eka zabda meM kaheM to veNi Navavidhe 1 anukUla vedanIyaM sukham, pratikUlavedanIyaM duHkha kaha sakate haiM / iSTaviyoga Adi pratikUla saMyoga haiM aura iSTa saMyoga Adi anukUla saMyoga haiM / Agama vacana mohaNije NaM bhaMte ! kamme katividhe paNNatte ? goyamA ! duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA - daMsaNamohaNije ya carittamohaNijje ya / ***** - (bhaMte ! mohanIya karma kitane prakAra kA kahA gayA hai ? ) gautama ! vaha do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai kasAyavedaNijje solasavidhe nokasAya prajJApana karmabandha pada 23, u. 2 - yaha cAritramohanIya ) darzanamohanIya karma tIna prakA kA kahA gayA hai (1) samyaktvamohanIya (2) mithyAtva mohanIya ( 3 ) samyagmithyAtva mohanIya / cAritramohanIya do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai (1) kaSAyamohanIya anaMtAnu (32) nokaSAyAmohanIya | kaSAyamohanIya karma solaha prakAra kA kahA gayA hai For Personal & Private Use Only (1) darzanamohanIya (2) - -

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bandha tattva 369 baMdhI krodha - mAna-mAyA - lobha, apratyAkhyAnI krodha-mAna- mAyA - lobha, pratyAkhyAnI krodha - mAna-mAyA - lobha aura saMjvalana krodha - mAna-mAyA - lobha / nokaSAyamohanIya karma nau prakAra kA kahA gayA hai (1) strIveda (2) puruSaveda (3) napuMsakaveda (4) hAsya (5) rati (6) arita (7) bhaya (8) zoka aura ( 9 ) jugupsA / mohanIyakarma kI uttara prakRtiyAM darzanacAritramohanIyaka SAyano kaSAyave danIyAkhyAstridviSoDazanavabhedAH samyaktvamithyAtvatadubhayAni kaSAyano kaSAyAvanantAnubandhyapratyAkhyAnapratyAkhyAnAvaraNasaM jvalanavikalpAzcaikazaH krodhamAnamAyAlobhA hAsyaratyaratizokabhayajugupsAstrIpunapuMsaka vedAH / 10 / darzanamoha, cAritramoha, kaSAyavedanIya aura nokaSAyavedanIya (mohanIyakaMrma ke yaha pramukha cAra bheda haiM / ) inake kramazaH tIna, do, solaha aura nau prakAra hai / darzanamohanIya ke tIna bheda haiM (3) ubhaya arthAt samyakmathyAtva / (1) samyaktva (2) mithyAtva aura cAritramohanIya ke (pramukha) do bheda haiM- (1) kaSAyamohanIya aura 92 ) nokaSAyamohanIya | kaSAyamohanIya ke solaha bheda haiM- (1-4) anantAnubandhI krodha - mAna - mAyA -lokSa, (5 - 8) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha - mAna-mAyA-lobha, (912) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha - mAna-mAyA - lobha, (13 - 16) saMjvalana krodhamAna - mAyA - lobha / nokaSAyamohanIya ke nauda bheda haiM (1) hAsya (2) rati (3) arita (4) zoka (5) bhayaM (6) jugupsA (7) strIveda (8) puruSaveda (9) napuMsakaveda / vivecana prastuta sUtra meM mohanIya karma kI uttaraprakRtiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| sUtra meM mohanIya karma ke pahale do bheda batAya haiM - (1) darzanamohanIya aura (2) cAritramohanIya / punaH cAritramohanIya ke do bheda kiye gaye hai - (1) kAyamohanIya aura (2) nokaSAyamohanIya / kaSAyamohanIya ke solaha bheda haiM aura nokaSAya ke nau (9) bheda haiM / - - - - - vivecana meM mohanIya karma kI uttaraprakRtiyA~ batAI gaI prastuta sUtra hai| sUtra meM mohanIya karma ke pahale do bheda batAye haiM- (1) darzanamohanIya aura (2) cAritramohanIya / punaH cAritramohanIya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM (1) kaSAyamohanIya aura (2) nokaSAyamohanIya / kaSAyamohanIya ke solaha bheda hai aura nokaSAya ke nau (9) bhaida hai / saMkSepa meM darzanamohanIya kI 3 uttaraprakRtiyA~ hai aura cAritra For Personal & Private Use Only

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370 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 10 (mohanIya kI 25 / isa prakAra mohanIya karma kI kula uttaraprakRtiyoM ko saMkhyA 28 hai / inakA svarUpa nirdeza isa prakAra hai - (a) mithyAtvamohanIya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa yaha hai ki yaha jIva ko samyaktva prApti meM bAdhaka banatA hai / (isake bheda-prabhedoM Adi kA vistRta vivecana isI adhyAya ke prathama sUtra meM kiyA jA cukA hai) isakI tIna uttara prakRtiyA~ hai - (1) mithyAtvamohanIya - yaha jIva kI yathArtha tattvoM meM ruci nahIM hone detA / jIva yathArtha AtmasvarUpa aura usake zraddhAna kI ora unmukha nahIM hotA / (2) samyaktvamohanIya - yaha prakRti to mithyAtvamohanIyakarma kI hI hai, kintu isameM mithyAtva kA prabhAva bahuta kama rahA jAtA hai / yaha samyaktva kA nAza to nahIM kara sakatI; kintu (cala-mala-agAr3ha doSa lAgakara use (samyaktva ko) malina banAtI rahatI hai)| (3) samyamithyAtva - isake prabhAva se jIva meM tattvoM ke zraddhAna aura azraddhAna kA milA huA bhAva rahatA hai, dahI-gur3a kA sA mizrita svAda samajhanA cAhie / jIva kI sthiti DA~vADola rahatI hai / (ba) cAritramohanIyakarma - yaha AtmA ke cAritraguNa kA ghAta karatA hai / isake do bheda haiM - (1) kaSAyamohanIya aura (2) nokaSAyamohanIya / (1) kaSAya mohanIya - vaha hai jisase saMsAra-paribhramaNa kI vRddhi hotI hai| kyoMki kaSAya hI karmabaMdha kA viziSTa hetu haiM, kaSAya ke kAraNa hI karmabaMdha hotA hai aura jaba taka baMdha hai taba taka jIva mukta nahIM ho sktaa| kaSAyamohanIya ke mUla bheda cAra haiM - (1) krodha (2) mAna (3) mayA (4) lobha / ina cAroM ke punaH cAra-cAra bheda haiM - (1) anantAnubaMdhI 92) apratyAkhyAnI (3) pratyAkhyAnI aura (4) saMjvalana / isa prakAra kaSAya mohanIya ke kula solaha (16) prakAra haiM / (ka) anantAnubandhI kaSAya - yaha AtmA ke sAtha karmoM kA anantakAla kA anubandha karatA hai / sarala zabdoM meM, yaha AtmA ke sAtha anantakAla se lagA huA hai aura yadi samyaktva na ho to ananta kAla taka lagA rahatA hai / yaha AtmA ko svAnubhUti evaM sva-saMvedana meM bAdhaka banatA hai / isI apekSA se yaha AtmA ke samyaktva kA ghAtaka hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 371 (1) anantAnubandhI krodha- zAstra meM isa krodha kI upamA parvata kI darAra se dI gaI hai / jisa prakAra parvata kI darAra kA milanA atyanta kaThina hai, isI prakAra yaha krodha bhI zAMta nahIM ho pAtA hai| (2) anantAnubandhI mAna - vajra kA staMbha TUTa jAtA hai, para jhukatA nahIM / usI prakAra yaha mAna bhI vigalita nahIM ho pAtA / (3) anantAnubandhI mAyA- usI prakAra vakra hotI hai jaise bA~sa kI jar3a-gAMTha kI vakratA / yaha sIdhI-sarala kisI bhI upAya se nahIM ho paatii| (4) anantAnubandhI lobha - vastra para gale kiramicI raMga jaisA hotA hai, jisakA chUTanA prAyaH asaMbhava hai / (kha) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya - yaha jIva ko pApoM se kiMcita bhI virata nahIM hone detA, jIva zrAvakavratoM kA bhI pAlana nahIM kara pAtA / sAmAnyataH yaha eka varSa taka rahatA hai, yadi eka varSa seadhika raha jAya to anantAnanubandhI meM pariNata jo jAtA hai / (5) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha - sUkhe tAlAba kI darAra ke samAna hotA hai| jaise-pAnI ke saMyoga se tAlAbA kI sUkhI miTTI meM par3I darAra samApta ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra yaha krodha bhI adhika parizrama se zAMta ho jAtA hai (6) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna- adhika parizrama se nama jAtA hai, jaise asthi ke stambha ko vizeSa prayogoM- upAyoM se namAyA jA sakatA hai| (7) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAyA - adhika parizrama se saralatA meM pariNata ho sakatI hai jaise meMr3he kA sIMga vizeSa prayogoM se sIdhA ho jAtA hai| (8) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lobha - vastra para lage kIcar3a kI taraha adhika parizrama se sApha kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ adhika parizrama, prayoga aura upAya kA abhiprAya AtmA dvArA dharma-cintana, guruvandana, upadeza-zravaNa Adi zubha kriyAe~ haiM / (ga) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya - kI sthiti cAra mAsa kI hai / isake prabhAva se jIva sAdhu vrata aMgIkAra nahIM kara pAtA / (9) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha - bAlU meM khIMcI gaI lakIra ke samAna hotA hai / jaise bAlU kI lakIra halkI havA se hI miTa jAtI hai, usI taraha yaha krodha bhI thor3e se alpa prayAsa se zAMta ho jAtA hai / (10) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna- kASTa stambha ke samAna hai jo thor3e se For Personal & Private Use Only

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372 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 10 tela-pAnI ke prayoga se jhUka jAtA hai aise hI yaha mAna AtmA ke alpa prayAsa se hI samApta ho jAtA hai / 11. pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAyA - yaha vakratA prayAsa se saralatA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| jaise calate baila kI mUtra kI lakIra zIghra hI sUkhakara samApta ho jAtI hai / 12. pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lobha - yaha lobha usI prakAra saralatA se miTa jAne vAlA hai, jaise khaMjana gAr3I ke pahie kA kITa / .. (gha) saMjvalanakaSAya - kI sthiti 15 dina hai / yaha sAdhu kI citta samAdhi aura zAMti nahIM hone detA, yathAkhyAtacAritra kA ghAta karatA hai / kevalajJAna-darzana kA utpatti meM bAdhaka banatA hai / - 13. saMjvalana krodha - pAnI meM khIMcI gaI lakIra ke samAna binA prayAsa ke svayameva hI zAMta ho jAtA hai / 14. saMjvalana mAna- usI taraha apane Apa hI vinamita ho jAtA hai jaise latA jhuka jAtI hai / 15. saMjvalana mAyA - kI vakratA (Ter3hApana) bA~sa ke chilakoM ke Ter3hepana kA samAna, svayaM hI miTa jAtI hai / 16. saMjvalana lobha - haldI phiTakarI ke raMga ke samAna apane Apa hI miTa jAne vAlA hai / (sa) nokaSAyamohanIya - 'no' kA artha- ISat, alpa (Megre) athavA sahAyaka (Auxiliary) hai ataH nokaSAya kA artha huA alpa athavA choTe kaSAya yA sahAyaka kaSAya ___ vAstava meM nokaSAya pradhAna kaSAyoM ke sAtha utpanna hote haiM aura unheM uttejita karate haiM / eka apekSA se inhe mAnasika vikAra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / pazcimI manovijJAna zAstriyoM ne inheM mUla pravRtti (Instincts) kahA hai| 1. hAsya - ha~sI, majAka, bhA~r3a Adi jaisI ceSTAe~ / 2-3. rati-arati- sacitta-acitta padArthoM meM sakAraNa athavA akAraNa ruci aura aruci honA / athavA sAMsArikatA kI ora abhiruci aura saMyama meM aruci bhI rati-arati hai / 4. zoka - iSTaviyoga, aviSTasaMyoga Adi ke kAraNa hone vAlA mAnasika kleza 5. bhaya - svayaM apane jIvana, zarIra, dhana, putra Adi kI rakSA ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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For Personal & Private Use Only darzanamohanIya 1 mithyAtva 2 samygamithyAtva 3 samyaktvamohanIya mohanIya karma mAyA lobha kaSAyamohanIya anantAnubandhI apratyAkhyAnAvaraNI pratyAkhyAnAvaraNI krodha krodha krodha mAna mAna mAna mAyA lobha mAyA lobha cAritra mohanIya saMjvalana krodha mAna mAyA lobha nokaSAyamohanIya hAsya rati arati bhaya zoka jugupsA strIveda puruSaveda napuMsakaveda bandha tattva 373

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374 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 11 sambandha meM honevAlI AzaMkA-kuzaMkA ke kAraNa hone vAle jar3atA tathA palAyana ke saMvega (Fear Feeling) / 6. jugupsA - ghRNA ke bhAva (Feelings of Hatred); aura dUsare ke kula-zIla meM doSa lagAnA, apamAna-tiraskAra karanA / 7. strIveda- puruSa ke sAtha ramaNa karane kI icchA ! yaha kAmAgni chAne (upale-kaNDe) kI Aga ke samAna hotI hai, jo Upara to rAkha se DhakI rahatI hai aura andara hI andara sulagatI rahatI hai / 8. puruSaveda - strI ke sAtha ramaNa karane kI icchA yaha kAmAgni, tRNa kI agni ke samAna hai jo zIghra hI jala uThatI hai aura jaldI hI bujha bhI jAtI hai / 9. napuMsakaveda - strI-puruSa donoM se ramaNa karane kI icchA / yaha kAmAgni nagara-dAha ke samAna dIrghakAla taka ThaMDI nahIM hotI, sulagatI rahatI 10. napuMsakaveda - strI-puruSa donoM se ramaNa karane kI icchA / yaha kAmAgni nagara-dAha ke samAna dIrghakAla taka ThaMDI nahIM hotI, sulagatI rahatA isa prakAra mohanIya karma kI kula (darzana mohanIya kI 3 aura cAritramohanIya ke antargata kaSAya mohanIya kI 16 tathA nokaSAya mohanIya kI 9) 28 prakRtiyA~ haiM / (tAlikA pRSTha 373 para dekhe ) Agama vacana - Aue NaM bhaMte ! kamme kaivihe paNNatte ? ___ cauvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-NeraiyAue tiriyaAue maNussAue devAue / __- prajJApanA pada 23, u .2 (bhagavan ! Ayukarma kitane prakAra kA kahA gayA hai ? gautama ! cAra prakAra kA kahA hai, yathA (1) naraka Ayu (2) tiryaMca Ayu (3) manuSya Ayu aura (4) deva Ayu / Ayukarma kI uttaraprakRtiyAM - nArakatairyagyonamAnuSadaivAni / 11 / (Ayukarma ke cAra bheda haiM - (1) nArakAyu (2) tiryaMca Ayu (3) manuSya Ayu aura (4) devAyu / vivecana - Ayukarma ke kAraNa hI 'amuka manuSya pazu Adi jIvita hai' yaha kahA jAtA hai / nAraka Adi Ayu kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki jIva kA una gatiyoM meM utpanna honA aura jIvita rahanA / Ayukarma kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isakA udaya janma grahaNa karate hI (garbhaja jIvoM kI apekSA-garbha meM Ane ke prathama samaya se hI) zurU ho jAtA hai aura prati samaya bhogA jAtA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 375 Agama vacana - NAmeNaM bhaMte ! kamme kativihe paNNatte ? goyamA ! bAyAlisavihe paNNatte-taM jahA gatinAme (1) jAtinAme (2) sarIraNAme jAva (3) titthagaraNAme (42) - prajJApanA pada 23, u. 2, sUtra 293;, samavAyAMga samavAya 42 (bhante ! nAma karma kitane prakAra kA hai ? gautama ! nAmakarma bayAlIsa prakAra kA hai / yathA gatinAma jAtinAma, zarIranAma yAvata tIrthaMkara nAma / ) nAmakarma ke bheda - gatijAtizarIrAMgopAMga nirmANabandhanasaMghAtasaMsthAnasaMhananasparza rasagandhavarNAnupUrvyagurulaghUpaghAtaparAghAtAtapaudyotocchvAsavihAyo-gatayaH pratyekazarIratrasasubhagasusvarazubhasUkSmaparyAptisthirarAdeyayazAMsi setarANi tIrthakRttvaM ca / 12 / (1) gati (2) jAti (3) zarIra (4) aMgopAMga (5) nirmANa (6) baMdhana (7) saMghAta (8) saMsthAna (9) saMhanana (10) sparza (11) rasa (12) gaMdha (13) varNa (14) AnupUrvI (yaha 14 piMDa prakRtiyA~) (15) agurulaghu (16) upaghAta (17) parAghAta (18) Atapa (19) udyota (20) ucchvAsa (21) vihAyogati (22) tIrthaMkara (yaha 8 pratyeka prakRtiyAM) (23) pratyekazarIra (24) trasa (25) subhama (26) susvara (27) zubha (28) sUkSma (29) paryApti (30) sthira (31) Adeya (32) yazaHkIrti (yaha trasadazaka - 10 prakRtiyA~) tathA inase ulaTI (33) sAdhAraNazarIra (34) sthAvara (35) durbhaga (36) duHsvara (37) azubha (38) bAdara. (39) aparyApti (4) asthira (41) anAdeya aura (42) ayazaHkIrti - (yaha 10 sthAvaradazaka) - isa prakAra nAma karma kI 42 uttaraprakRtiyAM haiM / vivecana - nAmakarma kI prakRtiyoM ke mUla 4 bheda haiM - (1) piNDa prakRtiyA~ (2) pratyeka prakRtiyA~ (3) trasadazaka aura (4) sthAvaradazaka / inake kramazaH uttara bheda 14+8+10+10=42 haiM / yahI prakRtiyA~ Agamokta uddharaNa aura prastuta sUtra meM batAI gaI hai / kintu baMdha, udaya, sattA Adi kI vicAraNAhetu nAmakarma kI 93 prakRtiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 14 piMDaprakRtiyoM ke avAntara bheda bhI haiM / jaise - gati piNDa prakRti ke devagati, narakagati, For Personal & Private Use Only

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376 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 12 tiryaMcagati, manuSyagati yaha cAra bheda hai / isI prakAra jAti Adi ke bhI antarabheda haiM / ina bhedoM ko gaNanA meM lene se nAmakarma kI 93 prakRtiyA~ ho jAtI hai / nAma karma kI ina 93 prakRtiyoM kA saMkSipta svarUpa isa prakAra hai| (1) gatinAma karma isake udaya se jIva ko sukha-duHkha bhogane yogya paryAya athavA gati kI prApti hotI hai| isake cAra bheda haiM - narakagatinAma, tiryaMcagatinAma, manuSyagatinAma, devagatinAma | 1-4 1 (2) jAtinAmakarma - aneka vastuoM me samAnatA dyoti karanA jAti hai / jaise- kAle, gore, yUropiyana, amerikana, bhAratIya Adi sabhI mAnava mAnavajAti kahalAte haiM / isI prakAra isa karma ke udaya se bhI jIvoM ko pAMca jAtiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / isa vibhAjana kA AdhAra haiM - indriyA~ - indriyoM kI prApti / ekendriyajAtinAmakarma ke udaya se jIva ekendriya kahA jAtA hai; kyoMki use eka sparzenendriya hI prApta hotI hai / isI prakAra dvidindra, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya yaha jIva kI jAtiyA~ use prApta indriyoM ke adhAra para mAnI jAtI hai aura yaha prApti use kramasaH dvIndriyAnAmakarma, trIndriyanAmaka marka, caurindriyanAmakarma aura paMcendriyanAmakarma ke udaya se hotI hai 5-9 / (3) zarIranAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se jIva ko zarIra kI prApti hotI hai / yaha karma pA~ca prakAra kA hai / - audArika zarIranAmakarma isase jIva ko audArika zarIra prApta hotA hai / isa zarIra kI racanA sthUla pudagloM se hotI hai| sabhI manuSyoM aura tiryaMco kA zarIra audArika hotA hai vaikriyazarIranAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se vaikriya zarIra kI racanA hotI hai jo sUkSma pudgalo se nirmita hotA hai tathA jisase vibhinna prakAra ke rUpa banAye jA sakate haiN| aisA zarIra deva - nArakiyoM ko janma se prApta hotA hai, kucha tiryaMco ko bhI isa zarIra kI upalabdhi hotI hai tathA tapa Adi se manuSya bhI prApta kara sakate haiM / - AhArakazarIranAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se caudaha pUrvadhara saMyamI zramaNa AharakazarIra kI racanA kara sakate haiM / unheM tapasyA se aisI labdhi prApta hotI hai / yaha zarIra labdhi dvArA nirmita hotA hai / -- taijasazarIranAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se taijasa zarIra kI prApti kAraNa jIva ke zarIra meM dIpti rahatI hai / yaha hotA hai / - jIva ko hotI hai / isI ke zarIra pratyeka saMsArI jIva ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 377 kArmaNazarIranAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se kArmaNa zarIra kI racanA hotI hai| yaha zarIra AtmA ke sAtha lage hue ( saMbaddha) pudaglo kA piNDa hai| yaha zarIra pratyeka saMsArI AtmA ke hotA hai / ( 10-14 ) (4) aMgopAMganAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM aMga aura upAMgoM kI racanA hotI hai / - aMga 8 haiM do bhujAe~, tathA a~guliyA~ Adi upAMga hai / - - audArika, vaikriya aura AhAraka zarIra kI apekSA aMgopAMganAmakarma ke 3 bheda hai (a) audArika aMgoSAMganAmakarma (ba) vaikriya aMgopAMganAmakarma aura (sa) AhAraka AMgopAMganAmakarma / do jaMghAe~, pITha, peTa, chAtI aura mastaka apane nAma ke anurUpa ye tInoM karma aMga aura upAMgoM kI racanA karate haiM / (15-17) (5) zarIrabaMdhananAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se pahale grahaNa kiye hue audArika Adi zarIra - pudgalo ke sAtha naye grahaNa kiye hue audArika Adi pudagloM kA bandhana hotA hai| - cUMki zarIrI audArika Adi ke bheda se 5 haiM, isalie isa zarIrabaMdhana nAma karma ke bhI 5 bheda haiM (a) audArikazarIrabaMdhanAmakarma (ba) vaikriya zarIrabaMdhanAnAmakarma (sa) AhArakazarIrabaMdhana nAmakarma (da) taijaszarIra baMdhanAnAmarka aura (ya) kArmaNazarIrabaMdhanAnAmakarma / paramANu (jainadarzana ke anusAra yaha skandha hai, jise vaijJAnika paramANu kahate haiM) ke kSetra meM Adhunika vijJAna ne jo pragati kI hai usameM adhunAtana khoja hai TI. I. phileminA (Tunnelling of Electrons Fillemina ) / isa khojase paramANuoM ke baMdhana ko spaSTa dekhA jA sakA hai / Adhunika vijJAna ne aise sUkSmadarzaka ( Microsocpe) kA nirmANa kara liyA hai jo vastu ko usake mUla AkAra se tIna karor3a gunA karake dikhAtA hai / isa yaMtra se vaijJAnikoM ne dekhA ki jaba do paramANu pAsa Ate haiM, ekadUsare se saTate haiM to unake ilekTronsa paraspara eka-dUsare meM saMkramita hote haiM, aura donoM hI paraspara baMdha jAte haiM, donoM kA baMdhana ho jAtA hai, eka kSetrAvagAha kI sthiti bana jAtI hai / isI prakAra audArika Adi zarIroM ke pUrvagRhIta pudgala paramANuoM kA naye grahaNa kiye hue paramANuoM se baMdhana hotA hai / 18-22 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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378 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 12 (6) saMghAtananAmakarma - yaha karma pahale grahaNa kiye hue zarIra ke pudgaloM para naye grahaNa kiye hue zarIra-yogya pudgalo ko vyavasthita DhaMga se sthApita karatA hai / isake uparAnta ve naye pudgala pahale pudgaloM se gAr3ha rUpa se paraspara eka dUsare se ba~dha jAte haiM / pA~ca prakAra ke zarIra yogya pudagalo ko sthApita karane kI dRSTi se isa karma ke bhI pA~ca bheda haiM - (a) audArikazarIrasaMghAtananAmakarma (ba) vaikri yazarIrasaMghAtananAmakarma (sa) AhArakazarIrasaMghAtananAma karma (da) taijasazarIrasaMghAtananAmakarma (ya) kArmaNazarIrasaMghAtananAmakarma / . jo karma audArikazarIrayogya naye grahaNa kiye jAte hue pudgaloM ko pUrvagRhIta, pariNata audArikazarIra-pudgaloM ko paraspara samIpa lAkara, saTAkara vyavasthitarUpa se sthApita kara de, jisase ve ba~dhane yogya ho jAye, usa karma ko audArikazarIrasaMghAtananAmakarma kahA gayA hai / isI prakAra anya cAroM zarIra saMghAtana nAmakarma ko samajhA jA sakatA vastusthiti yaha hai ki saMghAtananAmakarma bandhananAmakarma kI pUrvabhUmika nibhAtA hai / jisa prakAra ilaikTrika bailDiMga karane vAlA dhAtuoM ne do Tukar3o ko pahale vyavasthita karake eka-dUsare ke samIpa rakhatA hai, eka-dUsare ko kaune Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se milAtA hai, phira saTAkara-cipakAkara rakhatA hai, donoM Tukar3oM ke bIca meM thor3A bhI sthAna/spesa (Space) nahIM rahane detA, jisase ve sahI DhaMga se jur3a jAyeM / yaha kAma saMghAtana nAmakarma kA hai / 23-27 (7) saMhanananAmakarma - isa karma ke udaya se zarIra meM haDDiyoM kI saMracanA aura vyavasthA evaM unakI paraspara saMsthiti evaM baMdha hotA hai / asthiyA~ (bones) sirpha audArikazarIra meM hI hotI haiM isalie isakA prabhAva bhI sirpha audArikazarIra meM hI hotA hai, anya zarIroM meM nahIM / asthiyoM kI vyavasthA, paraspara baMdha-sambandha, dRr3hatA Adi kI vizeSatA se isa karma ke chaha uttara bheda haiM / (a) vajraRSabhanArAcasaMhanananAkarma - vajra kA artha kIla, RSabha kA artha veSTana paTTa aura nArAca kA artha markaTa baMdha hai / isa saMhanana meM saMdhi kI donoM haDDiyA~ paraspara eka dUsarI se A~TI lagAe hue hotI haiM, una para tIsarI haDDI kA veSTana yA paTTA kasA hotA hai aura cauthI haDDI inameM kIla kI taraha majabUtI se pha~sI hotI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 379 vajraRbhanArAcasaMhanananAmakarma ke udaya se aisA sudRr3ha asthi baMdhana jIva ke zarIra kA hotA hai / (ba) RSabhanArAcasaMhanananAmakarma isa dharma ke udaya se hue asthibaMdhana meM haDDiyoM kI A~TI aura veSTana paTTA to hote haiM, kIla nahIM hotI / isakI sudRr3hatA vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana kI apekSA karma hai / (sa) nArAcasaMhanananAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se prApta asthibaMdhana meM sirpha haDDiyoM kI A~TI hI hotI hai, veSTana Adi nahIM hote / (da) ardhanArAcasaMhanananAmakarma - isa karma ke udaya se hu asthibaMdhana meM haDDiyoM kA eka chora markaTabaMdha se jur3A hotA hai aura dUsarA chora kIla se bhidA hotA hai| (ya) kIlikAsaMhanananAmakarma hai, jisameM haDDiyA~ parasrapa kIla se jur3I hotI hai / (ra) sevArtasaMhanananAmakarma ke udaya se asthibaMdhana meM haDDiyA~ paryanta bhAga meM paraspara eka-dUsarI meM ar3I sI rahatI hai / ke udaya se aisA asthibaMdhana hotA - ataH inake sucArU saMcAlana, halana calana ( movement) ke lie sadA cikane padArthoM, tela-mAliza Adi kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai / Adhunika yuga meM mAnava aura pazuoM meM sevArta saMhanana hI milatA haiN| DAkTara loga tathA (anatomist) jAnate hai ki asthi zIghra hI TUTane vAlI bhaMjanazIla tathA andara se polI (Hollow) hotI hai jisameM gAr3hA basA jaisA dravya bharA rahatA hai / yadi kisI kAraNavaza vaha cikanA gAr3hA padArtha sUkha jAya to haDDiyA~ paraspara khar3akhar3Ane lagatI haiM, mur3a nahIM pAhatIM, kAma nahIM karatIM, jor3oM meM cubhana ( acne) ho jAtA hai / ( 28-33) (7) saMsthAnanAmakarma isakA prabhAna zarIra kI racanA tathA AkRti para par3atA hai / zarIra jo lambA-choTA Adi hotA hai, vaha isI karma ke kAraNa hai / isake chaha bheda hai ! , - (a) samacutarasrasaMsthAnanAmakarma isa karma ke prabhAva se zarIra sundara AkAra vAlA hotA hai / sama kA artha samAna, catura kA artha cAra aura asra koNa ko kahate haiM / pAlathI mArakara baiThane para jisa manuSya ke zarIra ke cAroM koNoM (eka ghuTane se dUrase ghuTane taka, bAe~ ghuTane se dAe~ skandha taka, dAe~ ghuTane se bAe~ skandha taka aura Asana se kapAla taka yaha cAra koNa haiM) kI dUrI yA antara samAna ho; ( vaha samacaturasra saMsthAna kahalAtA hai aura - For Personal & Private Use Only

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380 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8: sUtra 12 jisa karma ke udaya se aisA zarIra nirmita ho use samacaturasrasaMsthAna nAma karma kahA jAtA hai / nyagrodhaparimaMDalasaMsthAnanAmakarma isa karma se aise zarIra kI racanA hotI hai, jisameM nAbhi ke upara ke avayava to sthUla (moTe) hote haiM aura nIce ke avayava apekSAkRta kama sthUla athavA patale / nyagrodha athavA vaTa vRkSa bhI aisA hI hotA hai, isIlie inakA nAma nyagrodhaparimaMDalasaMsthAna rakhA gayA hai / (sa) sAdisaMsthAnanAmakarma isa karma ke kAraNa aise zarIra kI racanA hotI hai, jo nyagrodha parimaMDala se ulaTA hotA hai arthAt nAbhi se Upara ke avayava patale aura nIce ke avayava sthUla (moTe ) hote haiM / isa karma ke prabhAva se kubar3e zarIra kI (da) kubjasaMsthAnanAmakarma racanA hotI hai / - (ya) vAmanasaMsthAnanAmakarma vAmana (baunA ) U~cAI meM choTA hotA hai / -- -- - (ra) huNDasaMsthAnanAmakarma isa karma ke prabhAva se zarIra beDaula hotA hai, usakA koI bhI avayava - aMgopAMga pramANa ke anusAra nahIM hotA / (34-39) - isa karma ke kAraNa jIva kA zarIra (8) varNanAmakarma - isa karma ke prabhAva se zarIra kA raMga nirmita hotA hai / varNa pA~ca haiM I 1. kRSNa (kAlA - Black), 2. nIla (nIlA - tote ke paMkha jaisA), 3. lohita (tAMbe Copper yA sindUra jaisA lAla), 4. hAridra ( haldI jaisA pIlA Yellowish) aura 5. sita ( zaMkha jaisA sapheda White) / isI apekSA se isa karma ke uttara bheda bhI 5 haiM / jisa karma ke kAraNa zarIra kA raMga kAlA ho vaha kRSNavarNanAma karma hai| isI prakAra nIlavarNanAmakarma, lohitavarNanAma karma, hAridravarNanAma karma aura sita (zveta) varNanAma karma hai / yahA~ vaijJAnika mAnyatA dUsare DhaMga kI hai, ve zarIra ke varNa ko paryAvaraNa para AdhArita mAnate haiM / unakA vicAra hai ki dakSiNI aphrIkI Adi jAtiyoM ke logoM kA raMga kAlA isalie hai ki vahA~ kar3I dhUpa par3atI hai aura isa pracaNDa sUryatApa se inake zarIra kA raMga kAlA par3a jAtA hai| isake viparIta ThaMDe dezoM ( iMglaiMDa Adi ) ke manuSya kA raMga gorA hai, kyoMki vahA~ sUryatApa kama hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 381 kintu yaha dhAraNA pUrNa satya nahIM hai / eka hI mAtA-pitA ke do putroM (yahA~ taka ki yugala putroM) meM eka raMga kA gorA aura dUsare kA sA~valA hotA hai| iMgalaiMDa Adi ThaMDe dezoM meM bhI sabhI gore nahIM hote / kucha ke zarIra kA raMga (Complexion) gorA (whitish) hotA hai to kucha kA gehuMA (wheatish) | gore raMga meM aneka bheda ho jAte haiM; jaise - khar3iyA jaisA (egg white) sindUra jaisA lAlimA liye hue gorA (Redish white) Adi-Adi / kucha prasiddha logoM DijarAyalI, pAmarsTana, prasiddha kavi milTana Adi kA zarIra sA~vale raMga kA thA / bhaisa yUropa meM bhI kAlI hI hotI hai| isI taraha pIle zarIra vAle manuSya bhI bahuta hote haiM / ataH yaha mAnanA adhika ucita hogA ki zarIra kA varNa to varNanAma karma ke dvArA nizcita hotA hai; kintu usameM thor3A-bahuta parivartana paryAvaraNa se ho sakatA hai; kintu itanA nizcita hai ki zarIra kA mUla varNa (Complexion) pUrI taraha nahIM badala sakatA / (40-44) / (10) gaMdhanAmakarma - isake udaya se jIva ke zarIra se gaMdha nikalatI rahatI hai | yaha gaMdha do prakAra kI hotI hai (1) surabhi aura (2) durabhi athavA khuzabU tathA badabU / isa apekSA se isa karma ke bhI do bheda haiM - (1) surabhigaMdhanAmakarma - aisA zarIra jisameM se kezara-kastUrI Adi jaisI sugandhi nikalatI hai aura (2) durabhigandhanAmakarma - isameM se sar3e mAMsa Adi sI badabU nikalatI hai / taratamabhAva kI apekSA gandha ke bhI aneka bheda ho jAte haiM / isa tathya se Aja kA vijJAna bhI sahamata hai / khojI kutte aparAdhiyoM ke zarIra se nikalane vAlI gaMdha ke AdhAra para hI use khoja nikAlate haiM / sugandhita krIma-pAuDara-sno Adi saundarya-prasAdhanoM ke prayoga se bahuta sI striyAM aura puruSa bhI apane zarIra se nikalatI huI badabU ko dabAkara zarIra kosugandhita karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| (45-46) (11) rasanAmakarma - isake udaya se zarIra vibhinna prakAra ke rasa se yukta hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha karma zarIra ke rasa kA nirmANa karatA hai / rasa 5 haiM (1) tikta (kAlI mirca jaisA caraparA) (2) kaTu (nIma jaisA kar3avA) (3) kaSAya (harar3a-baher3A jaise svAda vAlA -kasAyalA) (4) amla (nIbU, imalI jaisA khaTTA) aura (5) madhura (mizrIAdi jaisA miitthaa)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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382 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 12 isI AdhAra para isa karma ke bhI pA~ca bheda haiM - (a) tiktarasanAmakarma (ba) kaTurasanAmakarma (da) kaSAyarasanAmakarma (ya) amlarasanAmakarma aura (sa) madhurasanAmakarma / ina nAmoM ke anusAra hI ina karmoM ke udaya se zarIra usa-usa rasa vAlA hotA hai / (47-51) (12) sparzanAmakarma - sparza kA abhiprAya vyakti kI tvak saMvedanA hai / zarIra ko chUne se jisa prakAra kA anubhava ho use sparza kahate haiM / sparza nAmakarma kA udaya zarIra kI tvak saMvedanA ko hI nizcita karatA hai / . sparzanAmakarma ke uttara bheda ATha hai- . (a) gurusparzanAmakarma (ba) laghusparzanAmakarma (da) mRdusparzanAmarka (ya) karkazasparzanAmakarma (pha) kSItasparzanAmakarma (ja) uSNasparzanAmakarma (jha) snigdhasparzanAmakarma aura (Ta) rUkSasparzanAmakarma / (52-59) apane-apane nAma ke anurUpa ina karmoM ke udaya se jIva ko prApta zarIra kramaza : 1. lohe jaisA bhArI 2. rUI jaisA halkA 3. makkhana jaisA komala 4. gAya kI jIbha jaisA khurakhurA 5. barpha jaisA ThaMDA 6. Aga jaisA garma 7. ghI jaisA cikanA aura (8) bAlU jaisA rUkhA hotA hai / 13. AnupUrvInAmakarma - isa karma kA udaya taba hotA hai jaba jIva nayA janma lene ke lie vigraha gati (mor3a vAlI gati) dvArA apane naye janma sthAna para jAtA hai / isa karma kA udaya vigraha gati meM hI hotA hai, ataH isakA adhika se adhika udayakAla 3 samaya mAtra kA hai / isake cAra bheda haiM (a) narakAnupUrvI nAmakarma - isa karma ke udaya se jIva vigraha gati se gamana karatA huA vizreNI sthita naraka meM apane janmasthAna para pahuMcatA hai| isI prakAra (ba) tiryacAnupUrvInAmakarma ke udaya se tiryaMca sambandhI janmasthAna para (sa) manuSyAnupUrvInAmakarma ke udaya se manuSya sambandhI jansasthAna para aura (da) devAnupUrvInAmakarma ke udaya se deva sambandhI janmasthAna para pahu~catA hai / (60-63) isa karma kA udaya tabhI hotA hai jaba jIva ko nayA janma lene ke lie viSama zreNI se gamana karanA par3atA hai, samazreNI se gamana karate samaya isake udaya kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM par3atI / (14) vihAyogatinAmakarma - isa karma kA prabhAva jIva kI gamana kriyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 383 (calane kA DhaMga yA tarIkA) para par3atA hai / cAla do prakAra kI ho sakatI hai - zubha athavA azubha / ataH isa karma ke bhI do bheda hai (a) zubhavihAyogatinAmakarma - ke udaya se jIva kI cAla zubha hotI hai, vaha suhAvanA lagatA aura (ba) azubhavihAyogitanAmakarma ke udaya se usakI cAla azubha yA asuhAvanI hotI hai / (64-65) isa prakAra 14 piNDa prakRtiyoM ke (gati nAma ke 4, jAti nAma ke 5 zarIranAma ke 5, aMgopAMganAma ke 3, zarIrabaMdhananAma ke 5, saMghAtananAma ke 5, saMhanananAma ke 6, saMsthAnanAma ke 6, varNanAma ke 5, gaMdhanAma ke 2, rasanAma ke 5, sparzanAma ke 8, AnupUrvInAma ke 4 aura vihAyogatinAma ke 2 bheda / yaha (4+5+5+3+5+5+6+6+5+2+5+8+4+2=65) kula uttara bheda 65 haiM / ___ ATha pratyeka prakRtiyAM - inakI koI antara prakRti na hone se yaha pratyeka prakRtiyA~ kahalAtI hai / yaha ATha haiM - (1) parAghAtanAmakarma ke kAraNaM vyakti dUsare balavAna ko bhI darzana athavA vANI se niSpabhra karane meM samakSa hotA hai / isakA dUsarA lakSaNa yaha bhI hai ki dUsare ko AghAta pahucAne vAle sIMga nakha Adi avayava jisase prApta hoM vaha parAghAtanAma karma hai / (2) ucchvAsanAmakarma - isa karma ke udaya se jIva zvAsocchvAsa letA aura chor3atA hai / (3) AtapanAmakarma - isa karma ke prabhAva se jIva kA svayaM kA zarIra to garma nahIM hotA; kintu uSNa prakAza karatA hai / (4) udyotanAmakarma - zItala prakAza karane vAle zarIra kI praapti| __ (5) agurulaghunAmakarma - na atyanta bhArI na atyadhika halkA zarIra prApta honA / (6) tIrthakaranAmakarma - isake udaya se jIva ko dharma va tIrtha kA pravartana karane kI kSamatA prApta hotI hai dhArmika jagata meM yaha sarvotkRSTa puNya prakRti mAnI gaI hai| (7) nirmANanAmakarma - isake kAraNa jIva ke aMga-upAMga yathAsthAna vyavasthita hote haiM / (8) upaghAtanAmakarma - isake udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM aise aMgaupAMga nirmita ho jAte haiM, jinase vaha svayaM hI kaSTa pAtA haiM; jaise pratijihvA Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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384 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 12 ___ yaha ATha pratyeka pratyeka prakRtiyAM haiM / trasadazaka meM dasa prakRtiyAM hotI haiM / ye nimna hai - (1) sanAmakarma - isa karma ke udaya se jIva ko trasakAya kI prApti hotI hai / yaha zarIra do indriya se lakara pA~ca indriya vAle jIvoM ko prApta hotA hai / aise jIva apane hita kI prApti aura ahita nivRtti ke lie eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko gamana kriyA karate haiM; calate-phirate haiM / (2) bAdaranAmakarma - isa karma ke udaya se jIva ko bAdara (sthUla) zarIra kI prApti hotI hai / (3) paryAptinAmakarma - isa karma ke udaya se jIva apane yogya paryAptiyoM se yukta hotA hai / paryApti AtamA kI eka vizeSa zakti hai jo AhAra zarIra Adi ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake unheM AhAra, zarIra rUpa pariNata karatI hai / yaha zakti pudagaloM ke upacaya se abhivyakasta hotI hai jisa karma ke kAraNa AtmA kI yaha zaktivizeSa sphuTita hotI hai, use paryApti nAmakarma kahate haiN| paryApti chaha haiM - 1. AhAraparyApti 2. zarIraparyApti 3. indriya paryApti 4. zvAsocchvAsaparyApti 5. bhASAparyApti aura 6. manaHparyApti ina chahoM paryAptiyoM dvArA grahaNa kiye hue pudagala samAna nahIM haiM, saba alaga-alaga vargaNAeM haiM , isa bAta ko Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI satyApita kara diyA hai / vijJAna kA sAdhAraNa vidyArthI bhI jAnatA hai ki bhASA kI (dhvani tareMge) alaga hotI hai aura zarIra nirmANakArI pudgala dUsare prakAra ke / ___ yahA~ eka jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki ucchavAsanAmakarma aura zvAsocchvAsa paryApti nAmakarma meM antara kyA hai? kyoMki donoM kA hI kAma zvasAcocchvAsa lenA aura chor3anA hai / isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki ina donoM meM kArya-kAraNa kA bheda hai / zvAsocchvAsa paryApti to jIva ko zvAsocchvAsayogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane meM sakSama banAtI haiM; jabaki ucchvAsanAmakarma ke udaya se vaha zakti kArya rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai, jIva zvAsocchvAsa kI kriyA karatA dikhAI detA hai / sAmAnya zabdoM meM zvAsocchvAsaparyApti ko zakti aura ucchvAsanAmakarma ko abhivyakti bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / kintu yahA~ For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 385 abhivyakti kA vistRta rUpa grahaNa karanA cAhie, indriyoM (A~kha, kAna Adi) se hI jAnA jA sake, abhivyakti kA itanA hI artha lenA ucita nahIM hogA; apitu sUkSmAtisUkSma saMvedanazIla yaMtroM ke sahayoga se jo indriyoM dvArA jAnA jA sake, 'abhivyakti kA itanA vistRta artha lenA cAhie / kyoMkiM per3a paudhe Adi sA~sa lete haiM, yaha sirpha indriyoM dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA; jabaki Adhunika vaijJAnika saMvedanazIla yaMtroM dvArA jAna sakate haiM / (4) pratyekazarIrAnAmakarma isa karma ke udaya se pratyeka jIva ko apanA svataMtra zarIra prApta hotA hai / isa karma ke udaya se jIva ke haDDI dA~ta (5) sthiranAmakarma Adi sthira rahate haiM / isa karma kA dUsarA lakSaNa yaha bhI diyA hai sAta dhAtue~ (rasa, rudhira, mAMsa, meda, hAr3a, majjA aura vIrya) tathA sAta upadhAtue~ (vAta, pitta, kapha, zirA, snAyu, cAma aura jaTharAgni) sthira raheM, duSkara tapazcaraNa se bhI roga nahIM hove, vaha sthira nAma karma hai / (6) zubhanAmakarma ke udaya se nAbhi ke upara ke avayava zubha hote - (7) subhaganAmakarma ke udaya se jIva sabako priya lagatA hai, cAhe vaha unakA koI upakAra na kare, yahA~ taka ki koI sambandha bhI ho / (8) susvaranAmakarma ke udaya se jIva kA svara madhura aura prItivardhaka hotA hai / - (9) AdeyanAmakarma ke udaya se jIva kA vacana bahumAnya yA sarvamAnya hotA haiM / (10) yazaHkIrtinAmakarma ke udaya se jIva ko yaza aura kIrti kI prApti hotI hai T sthAvaradazaMka kI bhI dasa prakRtiyA~ haiM / yaha trasadazaka prakRtiyoM se viparIta prabhAvazAlI hotI haiM I 1. sthAvaranAmakarma ke udaya se jIva ko aisA zarIra prApta hotA hai jisase vaha apane hitAhita meM gamana nahIM kara pAtA / eka zarIra ekandriya jIvoM ko hI prApta hotA hai / 2. sUkSmanAmakarma ke udaya se jIva ko aisA sUkSma zarIra milatA hai jo AMkhoM se nahIM dikhAI detA / yaha itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki na svayaM kisI se rukatA hai aura na kisI ko rokatA hI hai / yaha zarIra bhI ekendriya jIvoM ko hI milatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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386 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 12 3. aparyAptanAmakarma ke udaya se jIva apanI yogya paryAptiyoM ko bhI pUrNa nahIM kara pAtA / 4. sAdhAraNa zarIranAmakarma ke udaya se ananta jIvoM ko eka hI zarIra prApta hotA hai / Adhunika vijJAna amIbA Adi jIvoM ko eka-kozIya kahakara yaha sthApita karatA hai ki ve svayaM apane kozoM kA vibhAjana karake dUsarA nayA jIva paidA kara dete haiM aura isa prakAra apanI (yAnI jIvoM kI) saMkhyA bar3hAte cale jAte haiM / kintu jainadarzana kI (saiddhAntika, sAtha hI vyAvahArika) mAnyatA ke anusAra nayA jIva utpanna kiyA hI nahIM jA sakatA / raja-vIrya ke mizraNa se jIva kI utpattiyogya paristhiti kA nirmANa hotA hai, na ki jo putra rupa meM jIva utpanna huA, usake rUpa meM kisI naye jIva kA nirmANa huA / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki amIbA Adi jIva sAdhAraNa zarIra vAle haiN| unakA zarIra to eka hI (vahI) rahatA hai aura usameM ananta jIva Akara utpanna hote aura marate rahate haiM | Dead cell kahakara vijJAna ne bhI ina jIvoM kA athavA unameM se aneka kA maraNa svIkAra kiyA hai ki jo koza mara jAte haiM unameM prajanana kSamatA (Generating power) nahIM rahatI / 5. asthiranAmakarma ke udaya se nAka-bhauMha-kAna Adi asthira athavA capala rahate haiM / isakA dUsarA lakSaNa yaha bhI hai ki kisI kAraNa se dhAtu tathA upadhAtue~ sthira nahIM raheM, calAyamAna ho jAe~, roga Adi ho jAe~, vaha asthiranAmakarma 6. azubhanAmakarma ke udaya se nAbhi se nIce ke avayava azobhanIya hote hai / dUsare mata se nAbhi se Upara ke avayava mastaka Adi bhI azubha hote 7. durbhaganAmakarma ke udaya se jIva paropakArI hote hae bhI logoM ko apriya hotA hai / 8. duHsvaranAmakarma ke udaya se jIva kA svara sunane vAloM ko apriya aura karkaza lagatA hai yAnI svara hI karNakaTu hotA hai / 9. anAdeyanAmakarma ke udaya se jIva kA vacana yuktiyukta aura hitakArI tathA satya hote hue bhI loga use mAnya nahIM karate hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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nAmakarma kI uttaraprakRtiyAM (42 bheda) 2 .. .8 pratyeka prakRtiyAM 14 piNDa prakRtiyAM 10 trasadazaka 10 sthAvaradazaka . For Personal & Private Use Only (1) gatinAmakarma . (2) jAtinAmakarma (3) zarIranAmakarma (4) zarIraaMgopAMganAmakarma (5) zarIrabandhananAmakarma (6) saMghAtananAmakarma (7) saMhanananAmakarma (8) saMsthAnanAmakarma (9) varNanAmakarma (10) gaMdhanAmakarma (11) rasanAmakarma (12) sparzanAmakarma (13) AnupUrvInAmakarma (14) vihAyogatinAmakarma (1) parAghAtanAmakarma (2) ucchvAsanAmakarma (3) AtapanAmakarma (4) udyotanAmakarma (5) agurulaghunAmakarma (6) tIrthaMkaranAmakarma (7) nirmANanAmakarma (8) upaghAtanAmakarma (1) trasanAmakarma (1) sthAvaranAmakarma (2) bAdaranAmakarma (2) sUkSmanAmakarma . (3) paryAptanAmakarma (3) aparyAptanAmakarma (4) pratyekazarIranAmakarma (4) sAdhAraNazarIranAmakarma (5) sthiranAmakarma (5) asthiranAmakarma (6) zubhanAmakarma (6) azubhanAmakarma (7) subhaganAmakarma (7) durbhaganAmakarma (8) susvaranAmakarma (8) duHsvaranAmakarma (9) AdeyanAmakarma (9) anAdeyanAmakarma (10) yazaHkIrtinAmakarma (10) ayaza-kIrtinAmakarma bandha tattva 387

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For Personal & Private Use Only 1 gatinAma | 1. narakagatinAma 2. tiryacagatinAma 3. manuSyagatinAma 4. devagatinAma 14 piNDa prakRtiyoM ke avAntara bheda jAtinAma 1. ekendriyajAtinAma 2. dvIndriyajAtinAma 3. trIndriyajAtinAma 4. caurindriyajAtinAma 5. paMcendriyajAtinAma zarIra baMdhananAma | 1. audArikazarIrabandhananAma 2. vaikriyazarIrabandhananAma 3. AhArakazarIrabandhananAma 4. taijas zarIrabandhananAma 5. kArmaNazarIrabandhananAma 3 zarIranAma | 2. AhAraka 3. vaikriya 4. taijas 5. kArmaNa 1. audArikazarIranAma 2. vaikriyazarIranAma 3. AhArakazarIranAma 4. taijaszarIranAm 5. kArmaNazarIranAm saMghAtananAma 1 1. audArikazarIrasaMghAtananAma 4 zarIra aMgopAMganAma 1. audArika aMgopAMganAma 2. vaikriya aMgopAMganAma 3. AhAraka aMgopAMganAma 7 saMhanananAma 1. vajraRSamabhanArAcasaMhana 2. RSamabhanArAca 3. nArAca 4. arddhanArAca 5. kIlikA 6. sevArta " 388 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8: sUtra 12

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10 11 rasanAma saMsthAnanAma varNanAma gaMdhanAma . 1. samacaturasrasaMsthAnanAma 2. nyagrodhaparimaNDalaMnAma / 3. sAdi 4. kabja 5. vAmana 6. huNDa 12 sparzanAma 1. kRSNavarNanAma . 1. surabhigaMdhanAma 1. tiktarasanAma 2. nIlavarNanAma 2. durabhigaMdhanAma 2. kaTurasanAma 3. lohitavarNanAma 3. kaSAyarasanAma 4. haridravarNanAma 4. amlarasanAma 5. sitavarNanAma 5. madhurarasanAma 13 AnupUrvInAma vihAyogatinAma 14 For Personal & Private Use Only 1. prazastavihAyogatinAma 2. aprazastavihAyogatinAma 1. gurusparzanAma 2. laghusparzanAma 3. mRdusparzanAma 4. karkazasparzanAma 5. zItasparzanAma 6. uSNasparzanAma 7. snigdhasparzanAma 8. rUkSasparzanAma 1. narakAnupUrvInAma 2. tiryaMcAnupUrvInAma 3. manuSyAnupUrvInAma 4. devAnupUrvInAma bandha tattva 389

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390 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 13 10. ayazaHkIrtinAma karma ke udaya se jIva ko bhalAI karane para bhI burAI hI milatI hai, usakA apayaza hI hotA hai| inameM trasadazaka (10 prakRtiyoM) kI gaNanA puNyaprakRtiyoM meM tathA sthAvaradazaka kI gaNanA pApa-prakRtiyoM meM kI jAtI hai / isa prakAra sUtra meM batAI gaI nAmakarma kI 42 prakRtiyoM ke kula bheda 93 (14 piNDa prakRtiyoM ke 65 bheda, 8 pratyeka prakRtiyAM, 10 trasadazaka aura 10 sthAvara dazaka=65+8+10+10=93) hote haiM / kucha karmagranthakAra bandhananAmakarma ke 5. ke sthAna para 15 bheda mAnate haiM / inake matAnusAra nAmakarma kI prakRtiyAM 103 hotI haiM / kintu 103 prakRti vAlA mata sarvamAnya nahIM hai, ataH pracalana meM bhI nahIM haiM / baMdha, udaya, sattA Adi karma kI vibhinna vicAraNAoM meM 93 prakRtiyAM hI svIkAra kI gaI haiM aura inhIM ke AdhAra para saMpUrNa karma-vicAraNA kI gaI / (- tAlikA pRSTha 387-88-89 para dekhe) Agama vacana - goe NaM bhate ! kamme kaivihe paNNatte ? goyamA ! duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-uccAgoe ya nIyAgoe ya / - prajJApanA pada 23, u. 2, sUtra 293 (bhagavan ! gotrakarma kitane prakAra kA kahA gayA hai ? gautama ! vaha do prakAra kA hai - (1) uccagotra (2) nIcagotra / gotrakarma ke bheda - uccairnIcaizca / 13 / (gotra karma kI do prakRtiyAM hai- (1) uccagotra aura (2) nIcagotra / vivecana - sAmAnyataH uccagotra kA lakSaNa hai uttama kula meM janma lenA aura nIca gotra kA abhiprAya hai lokanindya kula meM janma grahaNa karanA hai| kintu kauna-sA kula ucca hai aura kauna-sA nIca ? yaha mAnadaMDa samaya-samaya para badalatA rahatA hai, uccagotrI bhI nindya karma karate haiM to unakI saMsAra meM nindA hotI hai / yadi bhArata kI varNavyavasthA kI apekSA se vicAra kiyA jAe to kSatriya uccagotrI haiM, kintu kyA usa vaMza meM lokanindya puruSoM ne janma nahIM liyA? ataH U~ca nIca gotrakarma kA lakSaNa kA isa prakAra diyA gayA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 391 ucaM NIcaM caraNaM ucaM NIcaM have godaM / - gommaTasAra karmakAMDa mUla 13/9 jahAM U~cA AcaraNa hotA hai, vahAM uccagotra aura jahAM nIcA AcaraNa hotA hai vahAM nIca gotra hotA hai| U~ce AcaraNa kA abhiprAya ahiMsA, satya, kalInatA, ziSTatA Adi hai aura nIce athavA nimna AcaraNa kA abhiprAya hiMsA, jhUTha, aziSTatA Adi burA cAla-calana tathA AcaraNa hai / karmasiddhAMta aura jainadarzana kI dRSTi meM jAti aura kula kA koI mahatva nahIM hai, vahAM to AcaraNa kA hI mahatva hai, jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai - sakkhaM khu dIsai tavo viseso / na dIsai jAivisesa koI / - u. 12/37 tapa kI vizeSatA pratyakSa meM dekhI jA rahI hai, kintu jAti kI koI vizeSatA nahIM dIkhatI / mahAn camatkArI Rddhi sampanna harikeza muni ko dekho, jo zvapAkaputra cANDAla kA beTA hai / sArAMkSa yaha hai- niMdya kula meM janma nIca gotra karma se milatA hai / ucca mAne jAne vAle kula meM janma ucca gotra karma ke kAraNa hotA hai| dezakAla ke prabhAva se ucca-nIca kI paribhASAe badalatI rahatI hai / ucca gotra ke udaya se jIva dhana rUpa Adi se hIna hotA huA bhI U~cA mAnA jAtA hai aura nIca gotra karma ke udaya se jIva dhana, rUpa Adi saMpanna hote hue bhI nIcA mAnA jAtA hai / Agama vacanaaMtarAe NaM bhaMte ! kamme katividhe paNNatte ? ___goyamA ! paMcavidhe paNNatte, taM jahA-dANaMtarAie lAbhaMtarAie bhogaMtarAie uvabhogaMtarAie vIriyaMtarAie / - prajJApanA pada 23, u. 2, sU. 293 (bhagavan ! aMtarAyakarma kitane prakAra kA kahA gayA hai ? gautama ! vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai, yathA (1) dAnAntarAya (2) lAbhAntarAya (3) bhogAntarAya (4) upabhogAntarAya (5) vIryAntarAya antarAya karma kI uttaraprakRtiyAM dAnAdInAm / 14 / dAna Adi (antarAya karma ke bheda) hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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392 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 13 vivecana - antarAya karma kI pA~ca uttaraprakRtiyA~ hai- (1) dAnAntarAya (2) lAbhAntarAya (3) bhogAntarAya (4) upabhogAntarAya aura (5) viiryaantraay| antarAya kA artha vighna hai / uparokta pA~coM prakRtiyA~ jIva ke dAna lAbha Adi meM vighna rUpa hotI hai / 1. dAnAntarAya karma- dAna kI sAmagrI, uttama pAtra, avasara Adi ho aura dAna kA suphala jAnate hue bhI dene meM utsAha na honA, dAnAntarAya karma ke udaya kA pariNAma hai / 2. lAbhAntarAya karma - dAtA, deya vastu sabhI upalabdha hote hue bhI jIva ko iSTa vastu kI prApti na honA, isa karma ke udaya kA prabhAva hai| . 3. bhogAntarAya karma - bhogoM kI icchA rakhate hue tathA bhoga sAmagrI hote hue bhI na bhoga pAnA isa karma ke udaya kA prabhAva hotA hai / 4. upabhogAntarAya karma- upabhogya vastu ke bhoga meM isa karma kA udaya bAdhaka banatA hai / 5. vIryAntarAya karma - udaya se nIroga aura balavAna hote hue bhI jIva satvahIna jaisA AcaraNa karane lagatA hai / usake bala, vIrya, parAkrama Adi kSINaprAya ho jAte haiM / usakA utsAha, umaMga, sAhasa, zakti ,kSamatA Adi Atmika zaktiyoM kA hrAsa ho jAtA hai / Agama vacana - udahI sarisanAmANaM, tIsai koDikoDIo / ukkosiyA Thii hoi, antomuhuttaM jahanniyA / / 19 / / AvaraNijjANa duNhaMpi, veyaNijje taheva ya / antarAe ya kammammi, Thii esA viyAhiyA // 20 // udahIsarisanAmANaM, sattari koDikoDIo / mohaNijjassa ukkosA, antomuhuttaM jahanniyA / / 21 // udahIsarisanAmANaM, vIsaI koDikoDIo / nAmagottANa ukkosA, antomuhuttaM jahanniyA // 23 // tettIsa sAgarovamA, ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / Thii u Aukammassa, antomuhuttaM jahanniyA // 22 / - uttarAdhyayana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 393 sAtAvedaNijjassa..jahanneNa bArasamuhuttA / - prajJApanA pada 23, u. 2, sUtra 293 jasokittinAmaeNaM pucchA ? goyamA ! jahaNNeNaM aTThamuhuttA uccagoyassa pucchA ? goyamA ! jahaNNeNaM aTThamuhuttA / - prajJApanA pada 23, u. 2, sUtra 294 (jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya aura antarAya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti tIsa kor3Akor3I sAgara aura jaghanya sthiti antarmuharta kI hotI hai| 19-20 / mohanIya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti sattara kor3Akor3I sAgara aura jaghanya sthiti antamuhUrta kI hotI hai / 21 / nAma aura gautra karma kI utkRSTa sthiti bIsa kor3Ikor3I sAgara aura jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hotI hai / 23 / Ayu karma kI utkRSTa sthiti tetIsa sAgara aura jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hotI hai / 22 / sAtAvedanIya kI jaghanya sthiti bAraha muhUrta hotI hai / he gautama ! yazaHkIrtinAmakarma kI jaghanya sthiti ATha muhUrta kI hotI hai aura ucca gotrakarma kI jaghanya sthiti ATha muhUrta kI hotI hai|) 31 of 4f $ preifa (duration) ____ AditastisRNAmantarAyasya ca triMzatsAgaropamakoTIkoTyaH parAsthitiH / 15 / saptartimohanIyasya / 16 / nAmagotrayoMrvizatiH / 17 / trayastriMzat sAgaropamANyAyuSkasya / 18 / aparA dvAdazamuhUrtA vedanIyasya / 19 / nAmagotrayoraSTau / 20 / zeSANAmantarmuhUrtam / 21 / Adi ke tIna arthAt jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya aura antarAya ina cAra karmoM kI utkRSTa sthiti tIsa kor3Akor3I sAgaropama hai / " mohanIya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti sattara kor3Akor3I sAgaropama hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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394 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 15-21 nAma aura gotra karma kI utkRSTasthiti bIsa kor3Akor3I sAgaropama hai / AyuSya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti tetIsa sAgaropama hai 1 vedanIya karma kI (aparA) jaghanya sthiti bAraha muhUrta hai / nAmagotra karma jaghanya sthiti ATha muhUrta hai / zeSa pAMca karmoM (jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya, antarAya aura AyuSya karma) kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta hai / vivecana - sUtra 15 se 21 taka ke sAta sUtroM meM AThoM mUla karmaprakRtiyoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthiti batAI gaI hai / __utkRSTa kA abhiprAya hai adhika se adhika aura jaghanya kA artha kama se kama hai / utkRSTa aura jaghanya - yaha vastu ke antima (eka usa pAra kA aura dUsarA isa pAra kA) donoM chora haiM / kintu inake madhya meM asaMkhyAta bhAga hote haiM, arthAt jIvoM ke bhAvoM kI taratamatA ke anusAra karmoM kI madhyama sthiti bhI asaMkhyAta prakAra kI hotI hai / itanA hI nahIM, antarmUhurta (48 minaTa se kama samaya ) ke hI asaMkhyAta bhAga hote haiM / nigodiyA jIva eka zvAsocchvAsa mAtra meM hI sAr3he satraha bAra janma-maraNa kara letA hai aura antarmuhUrta kAla meM 65536 bAra janma-maraNa karatA hai| mohanIya, jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, aura antarAya-ina cAra ghAtI karmoM kI utkRSTa sthiti saMjJI paryApta garbhotpanna mithyAdRSTi manuSya ko hI sambhava hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, nAma, gotra-ina chaha karmoM kA jaghanya sthitibandha dasaveM sUkSmasaMparAya guNasthAna meM bandha hotA hai aura mohanIya kA jaghanya sthitibandha nauveM anivRttibAdarasamparAya guNasthAna meM hotA hai | yaha sabhI sthitibaMdha samyagdRSTi saMyamI muni ke hote haiM / AyuSya karma kA utkRSTa sthitibaMdha mithyAtvI manuSya bhI kara sakatA hai aura samyagdRSTi saMyamI muni bhI / mithyAtvI kare to sAtavI naraka kA bandha hotA hai aura saMyamI muni sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM jAtA hai / ina donoM hI jagaha utkRSTa Ayu hai / AyuSya kI jaghanya sthiti manuSya aura tiryaMcoM meM hI sambhava hai / sthiti kA abhiprAya - sthiti kA abhiprAya hai ki ba~dhA huA karma kitane samaya taka jIva ke sAtha sambaddha rahegA ? ise aMgrejI zabda duration For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 395 se bhI abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / sAtha hI, yaha bhI nizcita hai ki sthiti pUrNa hote hI karma svayaM hI nirjIrNa hokara AtmA se pRthaka ho jAyegA, jhar3a jAyegA / vizeSa- prastuta sUtroM meM sAMparAyika arthAt sakaSAya sthiti kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / kintu IryApathika kriyA se arthAt kaSAya ke abhAva meM jo sAtAvedanIya kA baMdha hotA hai, use gauNa kara diyA gayA hai| IryApathika kriyA kI apekSA sAtA vedanIya kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthiti mAtra do samaya hai / pahale samaya meM sAtAvedanIya kA baMdha hotA hai aura dUsare samaya meM usakI nirjarA ho jAtI hai / yaha sthiti kevala terahaveM sayogikevalI guNasthAna meM hI hotI hai, anyatra kahIM bhI yaha saMbhava nahIM hai / ATha karmoM kI sthiti krama karma kA nAma utkRSTa sthiti nyUnatama sthiti jJAnAvaraNa 30 koTi-koTI sAgara antarmuhUrta darzanAvaraNa vedanIya 12 muhUrta mohanIya antarmuhUrta Ayu 33 sAgara " nAma 20 koTAkoTI sAgara 8 muhUrta 70 " // 6m & cm gotra 8 antarAya 30 " antarmuhUrta Agama vacanaaNubhAgaphalavivAgA. __ - samavAyAMga, vipAkazruta varNana savvesiM ca kammANaM - prajJApanA pada 23, u. 2 uttarA 23/17 udIriyA veiyA ya nijinnA - bhagavatI za. 1, u. 1, sUtra 11 noTa : 1. muhUrta 48 minaTa kA hotA hai aura antamUhUrta meM 48 minaTa se kucha kama samaya (kSaNa) hote hai / 2. IryApatha Asrava kI dRSTi se vedanIya karma kI nyUnatama sthiti sirpha 2 samaya (saikiNDa kA anantavA~ bhAga) hotI hai| prathama samaya meM baMdha aura dvitIya samaya meM nirjarA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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396 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 22-23-24 (saba karmoM kA anubhAga una-una karmoM ke phala kA vipAka hai / arthAt unameM phaladAna zakti kA par3a jAnA aura udaya meM Akara anubhava hone laganA so anubhava, anubhAva yA anubhAga hai / usa anubhava ke bAda una karmoM kI phala dekara nirjarA ho jAtI hai|) anubhAvabandha kA svarUpa vipAko'nubhAvaH / 22 / sa yathAnAma / 23 / tatazca nirjarA / 24 / vipAka arthAt phaladAna zakti tathA usakA vedana anubhava yA anubhAva ... vaha (anubhAva yA anubhava) una-una karma prakRtiyoM ke nAma athavA svabhAva ke anusAra hI hotA hai| usa anubhava athavA anubhAva ke pazcAt nirjarA ho jAtI hai arthAt ve ba~dhe hue karmadalika AtmA se pRthak ho jAte hai| vivecana - 'vi' upasarga kA artha 'vividha' athavA 'aneka prakAra kA' aura pAka kA abhiprAya pariNAma athavA phala hai, pAka se abhiprAya paripakva hone, pakane athavA upabhogayogya hone kA bhI hai / ataH vipAka kA abhiprAya prastuta sandarbha ke paka jAne, phala dene yogya ho jAne se hai| isa phala kA anubhava honAhI anubhAva hai / arthAt jIva jaba apane bA~dhe hue vividha prakAra ke karmoM kA phala aneka prakAra se sukharUpa yA duHkharUpa anubhava karatA hai, bhogatA hai; karma kI apekSA se vaha anubhAva kahA jAtA hai| anubhAva yAnI anubhava karAne kI zakti / vaha anubhAva karmoM ke nAma athavA svabhAva ke anusAra hotA hai| jaise -jJAnAvaraNIya ke udaya se jIva meM buddhihInatA AtI hai, vaha vividha viSayoM ko jAna nahIM pAtA, smRti nahIM rahatI aadi-aadi| ___ isI prakAra sAtA-asatA vedanIya ke udaya se jIva ko sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai aura antarAya ke udaya se lAbha Adi meM vighna par3atA zeSa sabhI karmoM kA phala unake nAma aura svabhAva anusAra samajha lenA cAhie / isa prakAra phala-bhoga karAne ke bAda karmoM kI nirjarA ho jAtI hai, ve jhar3a jAte haiM, AtmA se alaga ho jAte haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 397 sUtra 24 meM jo 'ca' zabda diyA hai usakA vizeSa abhiprAya hai| kyoMki nirjarA karmoM ke phala pradAna ke bAda to hotI hI hai kintu tapasyA dvArA bhI hotI hai| isa saMbaMdhI sUtra agale adhyAya meM diyA gayA hai| yahA~ to 'ca' zabda se sirpha sUcana mAtra kiyA gayA hai / Agama vacana savvesiM ceva kammANaM, paesaggamaNantagaM / gaNThiyasattAiyaM, anto siddhANa AhiyaM / savvajIvANa kammaM tu saMgahe chaddisAgayaM / savvesu vi paesesu, savvaM savveNa baddhagaM / - uttarA33/17-18 ( saba karmoM ke pradeza ananta hai, unakI saMkhyA abhavya rAzi se adhika aura siddharAzi se kama hai| saba jIvoM kA eka samaya kA karma-saMgraha chaha dizAoM se hotA hai aura AtmA ke saba pradezoM meM saba prakAra se ba~dha jAtA hai| pradezabandha kA svarUpa nAmapratyayAH sarvato yogavizeSAt sUkSmaika kSetrAvagADhasthitAH sarvAtmapradezeSvanantAnantapradezAH / 25 / nAma arthAt karmaprakRtiyoM ke kAraNa aura sabhI ora se yogoM kI kriyA dvArA anantAnanta pradeza vAle (karma) pudgalaskaMdha AtmA ke sabhI pradezoM meM sUkSma rUpa se eka kSetra avagAha hokara dRr3hatApUrvaka ba~dha jAte haiM, vaha pradezabandha hai / vivecana prastuta sutra meM pradezabandha kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| isa sUtra meM nimna bAte pratiphalita hotI hai 1. AtmA ke sAtha ba~dhane vAle karmapudgalo se hI jJAnAvaraNAdi AThoM mUla prakRtiyo tathA uttara - prakRtiyoM kI racanA hotI hai| - - 2. yaha karmapudgala mana-vacana-kAya ke yogoM kI vizeSatA - halanacalana kriyA Adi se chahoM dizAoM (sabhI dizAoM) se saMgraha kiye jAte haiN| 3. ina pudgalaskaMdhoM kI saMkhyA anantAnanta hotI hai| 4. yaha pudgala AtmA ke sabhI pradezoM meM dRr3hatApUrvaka sthira rUpa se baMdha jAte haiN| 5. ba~dhane kA abhiprAya eka kSetrAvagAha hai / jina AkAza pradezoM meM AtmA avasthita hai, unhI meM yaha karma - pudagala bhI avasthita ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra jaise lauha-piNDa meM agni ke kaNa praviSTa ho jAte haiN| - For Personal & Private Use Only

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398 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 25-26 6. ye pudgala sUkSma hote haiM, sthUla nahIM hote / ina vizeSatAoM ko jAnane ke bAda yaha jijJAsA sahaja hI uThatI hai ki pradezabandha to sAmAnya rUpa se anantAnanta pudgala skandhoM se hotA hai aura phira inameM se jJAnAvaraNAdika prakRtiyoM kI racanA hotI hai to AThoM karmaprakRtiyoM ko kitanA-kitanA bhAga milatA hai, yAnI ba~dha hee karmapudgaloM kA karma-prakRtiyoM meM vibhAjana kisa prakAra hotA hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai pradezabaMdha dvArA ba~dhe hue anantAnanta pudgaloM meM Ayukarma ko sabase kama bhAga milatA hai aura nAmakarma ko Ayu kI apekSA kucha adhika gotra karma ko nAmakarma ke samAna bhAga kI prApti hotI hai / inase kucha adhika bhAga jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ko prApta hotA hai tathA inheM prApta hone vAlA bhAga samAna hai / inase bhI adhika bhAga mohanIyakarma ko prApta hotA hai aura sabase adhika bhAga vedanIya karma ko / isa vibhAjana kA AdhAra athavA rahasya ina karmoM kI utkRSTa sthiti meM nihita hai / (jo pRSTha 395 para dI huI tAlikA meM spaSTa rUpa se aMkita kI gaI hai / ) sirpha vedanIya karma kA bhAga isakA apavAda hai, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jIva ko vedanIya karma kA hI vedana (sukhaHduHkha rUpa) adhika aura prati samaya spaSTa rUpa se hotA rahatA hai / anya karma jaise Ayu vedana to nahIMvat hai, anya karmoM ke phala kI anubhUti bhI jIva utanI tIvratA se nahIM karatA jitanI tIvratA se vedanIya ke phala kI anubhUti karatA hai / isI kAraNa vedanIya kA bhAga sarvAdhika hai / Agama vacana - ___ sAyAvedaNijna....maNussAue devAue suhaNAmassa NaM.uccAgottassa. ityAdi // -prajJApanA, pada 23, u.1 (sAtAvedanIya..manuSyAyu, devAyu, zubha nAma, ucca gotra Adi / (yaha puNya rUpa hai / ) puNya prakRtiyAsadvedyasamyaktvahAsyaratipuruSavedazubhAyu mAgotrANi puNyam / 26 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha tattva 399 sAtAvedanIya, samyaktvamohanIya, hAsya, rati, puruSaveda, zubha Ayu, zubhanAma aura zubha gotra- yaha ATha prakRtiyA~ puNya prakRtiyA~ hai / vivecana - prastuta sutra meM puNya prakRtiyA~ batAI gaI hai / isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki inake atirikta zeSa saba pApa prakRtiyAM hai / vistAra kI apekSA puNya prakRtiyA~ 42 haiM (1) sAtAvedanIya (2) uccagotra ( 3) manuSyagati (4) manuSyAnupUrvI (5) devagati (6) devAnupUrvI (7) paMcendriya jAti (8) audArikazarIra (9) vaikriyazarIra (10) AhArakazarIra ( 11 ) taijasazarIra (12) kArmaNazarIra ( 13-15) audArika, vaikriya, AhArakazarIra ke aMgopAMga (16) vajraRSabhanAcArAcasaMhanana ( 17 ) samacaturasrasaMsthAna (18) zubhavarNa (19) zubhagaMdha (20) zubharasa 921) zubhasparza (22) agurulaghunAma (23) parAvAtamanAma (24) ucchvAsanAma (25) AtapanAma ( pratApI honA) (26) udyotanAma (tejasvitA ) (27) zubhavihAyogati ( 28 ) zubhanirmANa nAma (29) trasanAma (30) bAdara nAma (31) paryAptinAma (32) pratyekanAma (33) sthiranAma (34) zubhanAma (35) subhaganAma ( 36 ) susvaranAma ( 37 ) AdeyanAma (38) yazokIrtinAma (39) devAyu (40) manuSyAyu (41) tiryaMcAyu aura (42) tIrthaMkaranAma / ina 42 prakRtiyoM ke udaya se jIva puNya kA phala bhogatA hai / puNya prakRtiyoM ko jAnane ke sAtha-sAtha pApa - prakRtiyoM ko bhI jAnanA upayogI hai / pApa - prakRtiyA~ 82 hai, vaha isa prakAra hai (1-5) pA~ca jJAnAvaraNIya ( 6-10 ) pA~ca antarAya ( 11 - 19) darzanAvaraNa kI 6 prakRtiyA~ (20) asAtAvedanIya (21) mithyAtva mohanIya (22) nIca gotra ( 23 ) sthAvara nAma (24) sUkSmanAma (25) aparyAptinAma (26) sAdhAraNa nAma (27) asthiranAma (28) azubhanAma (29) durbhaganAma (30) duHsvaranAma (31) anAdeyanAma (32) ayazokIrtinAma (33) narakagati (34) narakAyu (35) narakAnupUrvI (36 - 51 ) anantAnubandhI Adi 16 kaSAya (52-60) hAsyAdi 9 nokaSAya (61) tiryaMcagati (62) tiryacAnupUrvI (63) ekendriyatva (64) dvIndriyatva (65) trIndriyatva (66) cutarindriyatva (67) azubhavihAyogati (68) upaghAtanAma (69-72 ) azubhavarNAdi cAra (73-77) RSabhanArAca Adi 5 saMhanana (78 - 82) nyagrodhaparimaNDala Adi 5 saMsthAna ina 82 prakRtiyoM ke udaya se jIva pApa rUpa phala bhogatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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400 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 8 : sUtra 26 . vizeSa - (1) samyaktvamohanIya (2) hAsya (3) rati aura (4) puruSaveda- ina cAra prakRtiyoM kI gaNanA puNyarUpa meM isI grantha (tattvArtha sUtra) meM kI gaI hai; anyatra sabhI granthoM meM yaha (samyaktva mohanIya ko chor3akara, kyoMki isakA ullekha pApa-puNya kisI bhI vibhAjana meM kahI bhI nahIM milatA hai- isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isakA bandha hI nahIM hotA ) sabhI prakRtiyA~, pApa-prakRtiyoM meM ginI gaI haiM, arthAt hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda ko pApaprakRti mAnA gayA hai| paM. sukhalAlajI ne isI sUtra ke vivecana ke bAda TippaNa meM kahA hai "ina cAra prakRtiyoM ko puNyarUpa mAnane vAlA matavizeSa bahuta prAcIna hai, aisA jJAta hotA hai; kyoMki prastuta sUtra meM upalabdha inake ullekha ke uparAnta bhASyavRttikAra ne bhI mata bheda ko darasAne vAlI kArikAe~ dI haiM aura likhA hai ki isa maMtavya kA rahasya sampadrAya viccheda ke kAraNa hameM mAlUma nahIM hotaa| hA~, caturdazapUrvI jAnate hoMge / '' isa bheda kA mUla kahA~ hai tathA AdhAra kyA hai ? yaha vijJoM ke lie vicAraNIya hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #425
nauvAM adhyAya saMvara tathA nirjarA (CHECK AND ANNIHILATIN OF KARMA-PRTICLES) upodghAta pichale AThaveM adhyAya meM baMdha tattva kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| prastuta nauveM adhyAya meM saMvara aura nirjarA ina do tattvoM kA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai / yadyapi saMvara tattva kA varNana pichale sAtaveM adhyAya meM bhI kiyA jA cukA hai; kintu vaha sirpha virati-saMvara thA, use apekSA se AMzika saMvara bhI kahA jAtA hai / prastuta adhyAya meM saMvara kA sarvAMgINa vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ___ saMvara kA varNana karate hue pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, dasa uttama dharma, bAraha vairAgya bhAvanA, bAIsa parISahajaya Adi saMvara ke sAdhana-upAyoM/bhedoM kA bhI vivecana hai / tadanantara nirjarA ke sAdhanabhUta bAraha prakAra kA tapa, cAMro prakAra ke dhyAna tathA vibhinna sAdhakoM kI apekSA nirjarA ke taratamabhAva Adi viSayoM kA vivecana isa adhyAya meM prApta hotA hai| dhyAna-tapa kA varNana vizeSa vistAra ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki dhyAna nirjarA atyadhika prabhAvI hetu aura mokSa-prApti kA pratyakSa sAdhana hai / prastuta adhyAya kA prArambha saMvara lakSaNa se hotA hai| Agama vacananiruddhAsave saMvaro / - uttarA 29/11 samiI gattI dhammo aNupeha parIsaha carittaM c| sattAvannaM bheyA paNatigabheyAI saMvaraNe // - sthAnAMgavRtti, sthAna1 tavasA nijarijai / - uttarA. 30/6 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #426
402 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 1-2-3 (Azrava kA nirodha ho jAnA (ruka jAnA) saMvara hai / isa saMvara ke samiti, gupti, dharma, anuprekSA, pariSahajaya aura cAritra yaha bheda hote haiM / jinake kramazaH 5,3,10,12,22 aura 5 bhedoM ko jor3ane se kula bheda 57 hote haiM / ___ tapa se (karmoM kI) nirjarA hotI hai| saMvara-nirjarA ke lakSaNa aura saMvara ke upAya AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / 1 / / sa guptisamitidharmAnuprekSAparISahajayacAritraiH / 2 / / tapasA nirjarA ca / 3 / AsravoM kA nirodha saMvara hai / vaha saMvara, gupti, samiti, dharma-pAlana se, anaprekSAoM ke cintavana se, parISahoM para vijaya prApta karane se, aura cAritra ke pAlana se - isa prakAra 6 kAraNoM se) hotA hai| tapa se nirjarA aura (saMvara) donoM hI hote haiM / vivecana : saMvara kA lakSaNa - Asrava athavA karma-pudgalo ke Agamana kA nirodha arthAt unakA ruka jAnA saMvara hai / 'saMvara' zabda kA artha hI hai- nirodha / tAttvika bhASA meM karmoM ke Agamana ke nimitta hai- mana-vacana-kAya ke yoga, evaM mithyAtva tathA kaSAya Adi / jaba inakA nirodha hotA hai to sukhaHduHkha rUpa phala dene vAle karmoM ke Agamana kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, use hI saMvara kahA jAtA hai / Asrava kA vizeSa varNana chaThe adhyAya ke prathama sUtra meM kiyA jA cukA Asrava kA pratipakSI saMvara hai / sAdhanA ke vividha prakAra kI dRSTi se inake aneka bheda upabheda hai| jaise (1) samyaktvasaMvara- yaha mithyAtva dvArA hone vAle karma Asrava ko rokatA hai / (2) viratisaMvara - avirati bhAva (hiMsA, asatya, steya, maithuna, parigraha Adi) se hone vAle Asrava ko rokatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 403 (3) akaSAyasaMvara - krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha Adi kaSAyoM se hone vAle karmAsrava kA nirodha karanA / (4) apramAdasaMvara - pramAda se hone vAle Asrava kA nirodh| (5) yogasaMvara -azubhayogoM se hone vAle Asrava ko rokanA / ___saMvara ke mUla do bheda haiM - (1) bhAvasaMvara aura (2) dravyasaMvara / karmo ke pudgaloM kA Asrava athavA ruka jAnA dravyasaMvara hai aura ina karmoM ke pudgaloM ke Asrava ko rokane meM jo AtmA ke bhAva nimitta banate haiM, vaha Atma-pariNAma bhAvasaMvara hai / saMvara ke mUla rUpa se chaha kAraNa hai (1) tIna gupti, (2) pAMca samiti, (3) dasa dharma, (4) bAraha anuprekSA, (5) bAIsa parISahoM para vijaya prApta karanA aura (6) pAMca cAritroM kA pAlana krnaa| vAstava meM ye saba sAdhanA ke rUpa hai jinase 'Asrava' kA nirodha hotA hai / isa saba bhedoM kA kula yoga 57 haiM arthAt saMvara ke 57 bheda haiM / tapa meM eka viziSTatA hai ki usake dvArA saMvara to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI nirjarA-karmoM kA kSaya bhI hotA hai / ina saba ke lakSaNa, svarUpa Adi Age kahe jA rahe haiM / Agama vacana - guttI niyattaNe vuttA, asubhatthesu savvaso / -uttarA. 24/26 (sabhI azubha artho (prayojanoM) se yogoM (mana-vacana-kAya) ko rokane ko gupti kahA gayA hai / ) gupti kA lakSaNa samyagyoganigraho guptiH| 4 / (yogoM kI vivekapUrvaka yatheccha pravRtti ko rokanA gupti hai / vivecana - yoga kA vivecana adhyAya chaH ke pahale sUtra meM kiyA jA cukA hai / yoga tIna hote haiM- (1) mana (2) vacana aura (3) kAya / ina tInoM ko samyak prakAra se nirodha karanA yAnI azubha kI ora na jAne denA, gupti gupti kA abhiprAya hai gupta karanA, rokanA, nizcala karanA athavA zAMta karanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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404 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 4-5 yoga tIna hone se gupti bhI tIna haiM - (1) manogupti (2) vacanagupti (3) kAyagupti / manoyoga ko duSTa saMkalpoM, vicAroM se rahita rakhanA, mana meM durdhyAna aura duzcintana na hone denA, manogupti hai / / vacanayoga kA duSprayoga na karanA, vivekapUrvaka vacana yoga ko zAMta rakhanA athavA mauna kA avalambana lenA, vacanagupti hai / kAyayoga kA niyamana tathA nizcalana kAyagupti hai. 1 yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki gupti nivRtti rUpa hai, pravRtti rUpa nahIM hai / gupti meM mana-vacana-kAya tInoM ke azubha yogoM kA nirodha karanA hI mukhya hai| AMgama vacana paMcasamiIo paNNattA, taM jahA IriyAsamiI, bhASAsamiI, esaNAsamiI, AyANaMbhaMDamattanikkhevaNA samiI, uccArapAsavaNakhelasiMghANajalla pariThAvaNiyA samiI / - samavAyAMga, samavAya 5 (samitI pA~ca prakAra kI hotI haiM - (1) IryAsamiti (2) bhASAsamiti, (3) eSaNAsamiti, (4) AdAnabhaNDamAtranikSepaNAsamiti (AdAna nikSepaNa samiti) aura (5) uccAra (purISa) prasravaNa (mUtra) khela (niSThopana athavA thUka) siMghANa (nAka kA maila) jalla (pasInA) pariSThapanA (DAlanA) samiti / samitiyoM kA nAmollekha - . IryAbhASeSaNAdAnanikSepotsargA : samitaya : / 5 / (1) IryA (2) bhASA (3) eSaNA (4) AdAna-nikSepa aura 95) utsarga yaha pAMca samitiyA~ hai / vivecana - sUtra 4 meM jo 'samyag' zabda Aya hai, usakI anuvRtti yahA~ isa sUtra meM bhI kI jAyegI, kyoMki IryA, bhASA Adi zabda sAmAnya haiM, yaha saMvara tabhI bana sakeMge, jabaki 'vivekapUrvaka' aisA vizleSaNa ina se pahale laga jAya / udAharaNArtha - IryA kA artha calanA aura bhASA kA artha bolanA hai| apane isa rUpa meM yaha saMvara nahIM hai / saMvara to tabhI hogA, jaba vyakti vivekapUrvaka gamana kriyA karegA, vivekapUrvaka vacana bolegA / ataH saMvara ke prasaMga meM inake yaha nAma hoMge - (1) samyagaIryA, (2) For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 405 samygabhASA (3) samyagaeSaNA (4) samyga AdAna-nikSepaNa aura (5) smygutsrg| chaha kAya (pAMco sthAvara aura trasa) ke jIvoM kI rakSA tathA unakI dayA ke vicAra se bhUmi ko bhalI-bhA~ti dekhakara Age dRSTi rakhakara zAMnti pUrvaka dhIra-dhIre gamana karanA, calanA IryAsamitI hai / prasaMga ke anusAra athavA dharma-preraNArtha hitakArI (jIvoM ke lie kalyANakArI) mita (parimita), satya aura saMdeha rahita vacana bolanA athavA vivekapUrvaka vacana bolanA bhASA samiti hai| yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki satya vacana bhI kaTu na hoM, jisase sunane vAle ko duHkha pahuMce / jaise kANe ko kANA kahane se use duHkha hotA hai| isalie satya hote hue bhI kANe ko kANA na kaheM / kaTu, kaThora, marmaghAtI bhASA kA prayoga satya ko bhI dUSita kara 'asatya' koTi meM pahuMcA detA hai| Avazyaka sAdhanoM, jo jIvana-yAtrA ke lie anivArya hoM, kI nirdoSa gaveSaNA karake unheM prApta karane kA prayAsa karanA eSaNA samitI hai| pratyeka vastu ko bhalI bhA~ti dekhakara, pramArjita karake uThAnA yA rakhanA AdAna nikSepa samita hai / anupayogI vastu yathA -zarIra ke mala Adi ko dekhabhAla kara jIvarahita aise prAsuka sthAna meM DAlanA jisase kisI anya prANI ko kaSTa na ho, utsarga samitI hai| Agama vacana dasavihe dhamme paNNatte, taM jahA khaMtI 1, muttI 2, ajjave 3, maddave 4, lAghava 5, saMjame 6, sacce 7, tave 8, ciyAe . 9, baMbhaveravAse 10 / - samavAyAMga, samavAya10 (dasa prakAra kA dharma kahA gayA hai : kSAnti (kSamA), mukti (AkiMcanya), Arjava, mArdava, lAghava (zauca), satya, saMyama, tapa tyAga aura brahmacarya / dharma ke prakAra uttama : kSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiMcanyabrahmacaryANi dharma / 6 / (1) uttama kSamA (2) uttama mArdava (3) uttama Arjava (4) uttama For Personal & Private Use Only

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406 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 6 zauca (5) uttama satya (6) uttama saMyama (7) uttama tapa (8) uttama tyAga (9) uttama AMkicanya aura (10) uttama brahmacarya - yaha dasa uttama (sarvottama) dharma haiM / vivecana - 'dharma' zabda bahuta vyApaka hai, saMpUrNa jIvana hI isake AyAma meM samA jAtA hai| ataH isakI paribhASAe~ bhI aneka dI gaI haiM / . vastutaH dharma zabda dhR-dhAraNe dhAtu se vyutpanna huA hai / isakA artha hai jo dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura jo durgati se bacAtA hai, vaha dharma hai| yahA~ jo kSamA Adi daza dharma batAye haiM, ve bhI dharma ke isI abhiprAya ko vyakta karate haiM / isa prasaMga meM dharma ko vyakti meM sadA sthira rahane vAlI vRtti-pravRtti samajhA jAnA cAhie, jisakA kArya hai zodhana / zodhana kaSAyoM kA, rAga-dveSa kA, parigraha tathA bAhya vastuoM kA yahA~ taka ki zarIra ke prati anurAgabhAva kA bhI / isa zodhana dvArA dharma AtmA ke zuddha svabhAva ko pragaTa karane meM sakSama hotA hai, AtmA apane antara meM pravAhita samatArasa kA Ananda pAtA hai| __sUtrokta dasa dharmoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai - (1) kSamA - krodha kA nigraha / krodha ke bAhya kAraNa upasthita hone para bhI titikSA, sahiSNutA rahe, hRdaya zAnta rahe, udvignatA utpanna na ho| tathA krodha ko viveka evaM vinaya se niSphala kara denA kSamA hai| (2) mArdava - mAna kA nigraha; mana meM mRdutA tathAvinamratA honA mArdava guNa hai / rUpa, jAti, kula, jJAna, tapa Adi kisI bhI upalabdhi para garvita na honA mArdavabhAva kI sAdhanA hai / (3) Arjava - kuTilatA kA nigraha / mana vacana-kAya kI srltaa| (4) zauca - nirlobhatA / Asakti aura anurAga kA abhaav)| yahA~ taka ki svayaM ke jIvana aura Arogya ke prati bhI lobha na rahe / eka zabda meM sabhI prakAra kI Asakti kA tyAga / (5) satya- hita-mita-priya vacana bolanA / satya meM bhAva, bhASA aura kAyA tInoM kI saralatA apekSita hotI hai| samavAyAMga sUtra meM sAdhu ke mUla guNoM meM bhAvasacce, karaNasacce, joga sacce arthAt bhAvasatya, karaNasatya aura yogasatya batAye gaye haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 407 bhAvasatya kA abhiprAya hai- bhAvoM meM pariNAmoM meM sadA satya kA bhAva rahe / karaNasatya kA abhiprAya karaNIya kartavyoM kI samyak prakAra se karanA aura yoga-satya to mana-vacana kAyA kI satyatA hai hI / satyadharma meM ye tInoM hI antarnihita hai / (6) saMyama - mana-vacana-kAyA kA niyamana / isake mUla bheda 2 hai(1) prANIsaMyama aura (2) mana evaM indriyoM kA saMyama / sthAnAMga meM isake cAra bheda batAye haiM mana-vacana-kAyA aura upakaraNa saMyama / sUtrakRtAMga meM saMyama ke satraha bheda' batAye gaye haiM / isa prakAra vibhinna apekSAoM se saMyama ke aneka bheda haiM kintu mUla bAta hai Antarika evaM bAhya donoM hI pravRttiyoM kA niyamana evaM pavitratA / (7) tapa - Atma-vizuddhi kI prakriyA aura dUsare zabdoM meM malina vRttiyoM kA zodhana / karmakSaya hetu kI jAne vAlI sabhI sAdhanAe~ tapa hai| tapa kA vizeSa varNana isI adhyAya meM Age kiyA gayA hai| (8) tyAga - sacitta-acitta-sabhI prakAra ke parigraha uprtivirkti| hRdaya meM utsarga 'chor3anI hai' isa bhAva kA pravartana honA / (9) AkiMcanya - mamatva kA abhAva / aparigrahI honA / (10) brahmacarya - kAma-bhoga virati aura Atma-ramaNatA / isa sUtra meM ina sabhI dharmoM ko 'uttama' vizeSaNa se vizeSita kiyA gayA hai / 'uttama' kA abhiprAya utkRSTa hai, arthAt yaha sabhI dharma utkRSTa zuddha nirmala bhAvoM se grahaNa/dhAraNa kiye jAne cAhie ) Agama vacana - aNicANuppehA 1. asaraNANuppehA 2, egattANuppehA 3, saMsArAguppehA 4 / - sthAnAMga, sthAna u. 1, sUtra 247 aNNatte. (aNuppehA) 5, anne khalu NAti saMjogA anne ahmNsi| asuaNuppehA 6 - sUtrakRtAMga, zru. 2, a. 1. sUtra. 13 saMyama ke 17 bheda kI gaNanA do prakAra se kI gaI hai - (a) 5 indriyoM kA nigraha, 5 avrata kA nirodha, 4 kaSAya-vijaya aura 3 yoga kI virati=17 (ba). 5 sthAvara, 4 trasa kI hiMsAvirati rUpa nau prakAra saMyama, 10 prekSAsaMyama, 11 upekSAsaMyama, 12. apahRtyasaMyama, 13 pramRjyasaMyama, 14 kAya saMyama, 15 vAksaMyama, 16 manaHsaMyama tathA 17 upkrnnsNym| For Personal & Private Use Only

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408 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 7 avAyANuppehA 7 / -sthAnAMga, sthA. 4, u. 1, sU. 247 saMvare (aNuppehA) 8 / jA nirassAviNI nAvA, sA u pArassagAmiNI / __ - uttarA. 23/71 Nijjare (aNuppehA) 9 / - sthAnAMga, sthA. 1, sU. 16 loge (aNuppehA) 10 / - sthAnAMga, sthA. 1, sU. 5 bohidullahe (aNuppehA) 11 / .. saMbohi khalu peca dulahA / - sUtrakRtAMga, zru. 1, gA. 1 dhamme (aNuppehA) 12 - uttama dhammasuI hu dullahA / / - uttarA. 10.18 (1) anityAnuprekSA (2) azaraNAnupekSA (3) ekatvAnupekSA (4) saMsArAnuprekSA / (5) anyatvAnuprekSA (jJAtijanoM ke sambandha bhinna hai aura maiM bhinna hU~) (6) azucianuprekSA / (7) apAyAnuprekSA / (AsravAnuprekSA) / (8) saMvarAnuprekSA - jIva nAva meM chidra nahIM hotA, varI pAra le jA sakatI hai (nirassAviNI - Azravarahita, arthAt saMvarayukta / ) (9) nirjarAnuprekSA, (10) lokAnuprekSA (11) bodhidurlabha anuprekSA saMbodhi - jJAna ko prApta karanA durlabha hai / (12) dharmAnuprekSA (uttama dharma kA sunanA bar3A durlabha hai|) vairAgya bhAvanAe~ - anityAzaraNasaMsAraikatvAnyatvAzucitvAnavasaMvaranirjarAlokabodhidurlabhadharmasvAkhyAtatattvAnucintanamanuprekSA 7 / (1) anitya (2) azaraNa (3) saMsAra (4) ekatva (5) anyatva (6) azuci (7) Asrava (8) saMvara (9) nirjarA (10) loka (11) bodhidurlabha aura (12) dharma- ina bAraha ko bhalI prakAra samajhakara inake svarUpa kA bArabAra cintana karanA, anuprekSA hai / vivecana - 'prekSA' zabda kA abhiprAya hai dekhanA aura anuprekSA kA abhiprAya hai- cintana-mananapUrvaka dekhanA, mana ko usameM ramAnA, una saMskAroM ko dRr3ha karanA / dazavaikAlakicUrNi (pRSTha 29) meM anuprekSA kA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai aNuppehA NAma jo maNasA pariyaTTei No vAyAe - jisakA mana se (vacana se nahIM) cintana kiyA jAye, vaha anuprekSA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 409 yahI bAta ukta sUtra meM kahI gaI hai ki svAkhyAta - bhalI-bhAMti samajhe/jAne hue tattva kA cintana karanA, manana karanA anuprekSA hai / anuprekSAe~ 12 haiM / inakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai (1) anitya anuprekSA - indriyoM ke viSaya, dhana-yauvana aura yaha zarIra Adi sabhI anitya haiM, isa prakAra cintana karanA / (2) azaraNAnuprekSA - dhana-vaibhava, jJAtijana Adi saMsAra meM koI bhI zaraNa (rakSaka) nahIM hai / mRtyu, bImArI Adi se koI bhI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA ,aisA cintana karanA / ___ (3) saMsArAnuprekSA - yaha caturgatika saMsAra duHkha se bharA hai / eganta dukkhe jarie va loyaM - isa sampUrNa saMsAra ke sabhI prANI duHkhI hai, kahIM bhI sukha nahIM hai / devoM ke sukha kI bhI antima pariNati duHkha hI hai taba manuSya gati ke sukha to haiM hI kisa ginatI meM aura pazuoM ke duHkha to pratyakSa hI dikhAI dete haiM tathA naraka gati to ghora kaSToM kI khAni hai, isa prakAra cintana krnaa| isa cintana se vyakti kI sAMsArika sukhoM ke prati Asakti miTatI (4) ekatva anuprekSA - merI AtmA akelI hai isa prakAra kI bhaavnaa| ego me sAsao appA NANadaMsaNaM-saMjuo - jJAna-darzana se saMpanna merI AtmA zAzvata hai, anya sabhI saMyoga asthAyI haiM / isa bhAvanA se Atma-pratIti dRr3ha hotI hai| (5) anyatva anuprekSA - zarIra, kuTumba, jAti, dhana-vaibhava Adi se maiM alaga hU~, ye mere nahIM, maina iMnakA nahIM - aisI bhAvanA / na saMti bAhyA mama ke cinArthA, .. 'bhavAmi teSAM na kadAcano'ham / isa prakAra kI bhAvanA kA satata anucintana karane se bhedavijJAna dRr3ha hotA hai / (6) azuci anuprekSA - yaha zarIra azuci hai, rakta Adi niMdya aura ghRNAspada vastuoM se bharA hai, isakI utpatti bhI ghRNita padArthoM se huI hai, isa prakAra kA anucintana / isase zarIra ke prati mamatvabhAva kSINa hotA hai| (7) Asrava anaprekSA - AsravoM ke aniSTakArI aura duHkhada pariNAmoM para cintana karanA / karmoM kA Agamana kina-kina kAraNoM se hotA hai, una para vicAra karake unake kaSTadAyI rUpa kA cintana karanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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410 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 7 (8) saMvara anuprekSA duHkhada Asravo ko rokane - nirodha karane ke samyaktva vrata Adi upAyoM kA cintana karanA / ( 9 ) nirjarA anuprekSA karmoM ke kSaya karane ke upAyoM kA, unake svarUpa kA bAra-bAra anucintana karanA / - (10) loka anuprekSA - loka kI zAzvatatA, azAzvatatA Adi kA cintana karanA / isa bhAvanA se tattvajJAna vizuddha aura dRr3ha hotA hai| sAtha hI loka ke viSa meM jo aneka prakAra kI bhramita dhAraNAe~ phailI huI haiM, unakA bhI nirasana ho jAtA hai, zraddhA zuddha ho jAtI hai / (11) bodhidurlabha anuprekSA - bodhi kA abhiprAya hai- samyagjJAna, sAtha hI samyakdarzana aura samyagcaritra / isa ratnatrayarUpa bodhi kI prApti jIva ko durlabha hai, isa prakAra kA anucintana karake, bodhiprApti kina upAyoM se aura kaise hotI hai, inakA bAra-bAra vicAra karanA / Amaga vacana - (12) dharma anuprekSA - zrutadharma, cAritradharma, nizcaya - vyavahAra Adi kI apekSA, athavA ratnatrayarUpa dharma kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA / anuprekSA ko eka prakAra se jJAna kI jugAlI kahA jA sakatA hai, jaise gAya Adi pazu khAne kA bAda ekAnta zAMta sthAna para baiThakara jugAlI karake bhojana ko supAcya banA lete haiM; usI prakAra sIkhe / jAne hue jJAna ko anuprekSAoM dvArA hRdayaMgama kara liyA jAtA hai ( bAra-bAra ke cintanamanana se vaha jJAna dRr3ha ho jAtA hai, bhalI prakAra jama jAtA hai, antara cetanA taka vyApta ho jAtA hai, phira kabhI vismRta nahIM hotA / ) - sammaM sahamANassa.... NijjarA kajjati / sthanAMga, sthAna 5, u. 1, sU. 409 bAvIsa parisahA paNNattA, taM jahA - digiMchAparIsahe 1..... jAva daMsaNaparIsahe 22 / samavAyAMga, samavAya 22 (parISaha do prayojanoM se sahana kiye jAte haiM - (1) mArga se cyuta na hone -pIche na haTane ke lie aura (2) karmanirjarA ke lie / samabhAvapUrvaka parISaha sahana karane vAle ko karmanirjarA hotI hai / - parISaha bAIsa (22) haiM - ( 1 ) kSudhAparISaha (2) pipAsAparISaha (3) zItaparISaha (4) uSNaparISaha (5) daMzamazakaparISaha (6) acelaparISaha (7) aratiparISaha (8) strIparISaha ( 9 ) caryAparISaha (10) niSadyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 411 parISaha (11) zayyA parISaha (12) Akroza (13) vadha parISaha (14) yAcanA parISaha (15) alAbha parISaha (16) roga parISaha (17) (18) jalla athavA mala parISaha (19) satkAra puraskAra parISaha (20) prajJA parISaha (21) ajJAna parISaha aura (22) darzana parISaha) parISahoM ke nAma aura sahana ke kAraNa - mArgA'cyavananirjarArtha. pariSoDhavyAH parISahAH / 8 / kSutpipAsAzItoSNaMdaMzamaka nAgnyAratistrIcaryAniSadyAzayyA''krozavadhayAcanA'lAbharogatRNasparzamalasatkAra puraskAraprajJA'jJAnA'darzanAni / / (saMvara-ratnatrayarUpa) mokSamArga se cyuta nahIM ho jAve, isaliye tathA karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie parISahoM ko (samabhAva se) sahana karanA cAhie / parISaha bAIsa haiM - (1) kSudhA, (2) tRSA (3) zIta 94) uSNa (5) daMzamazaka (6) nagnatA (7) arati (8) strI (9) caryA (10) niSadyA (11) zayyA (12) Akroza (13) vadha (14) yAcanA (15) alAbha (16) roga (17) tRNasparza (18) mala (19) satkAra puraskAra (20) prajJA (21) ajJAna aura (22) adarzana / vivecana - parISaha kA lakSaNa hai- pariSahyata iti priisshH| - jo sahe jAya~ ve parISaha hai / isakA sIdhA sA artha hai- Atma-sAdhanA meM jitanI bAdhAe~ (anukUla yA pratikUla) upasthita hoM, unheM mana meM ArtadhyAna athavA saMkleza rUpa pariNAma kiye binA samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA parISahajaya hai| . aisI bAdhAe~ aneka ho sakatI haiM, kintu vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se mukhyataH bAIsa (22) batAI haiM - (1) kSudhA-parISaha - kSudhA kI tIvra vedanA hone para bhI yadi prAsuka nidorSa AhAra na mile to usa vedanA ko samabhAva se sahanA / (2) pipAsA - parISaha - tIvra pyAsa lagane para bhI sacitta jala kI mana se bhI icchA na karanA, tRSA vedanA ko samabhAva se sahanA / (3) zIta-parISaha - ThaMDa se hone vAle kaSTa ko samatA se shnaa| (4) uSNa-parISaha - garmI se hone vAle kaSTa ko samabhAva se shnaa| (5) daMzamazaka-parISaha - daMzamazaka kA yahA~ abhiprAya hai cIMTI, macchara For Personal & Private Use Only

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412 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 8-9 bicchU, sA~pa Adi sabhI prakAra ke jantu / inake dvArA trAsa diye jAne para mana meM khinna na honA apitu samabhAva se usa pIr3A ko sahanA / (6) acela - parISaha vastra atyanta jIrNa-zIrNa ho jAne para aba meM acelaka ho jAUMgA - aisA socakara mana meM khinnatA na lAnA / AcArya ise nagna parISaha bhI mAnate haiM / (7) arati - parISaha svIkRta mokSa mArga kI sAdhanA meM aneka kaThinAiyA~ Ane para bhI mana meM udvega athavA mArga ke prati aruci bhAva na hone denA / (8) strI - parISaha sundara striyoM ke hAva-bhAvoM se mana meM vikRti na Ane denA isI prakAra strI-sAdhikA ko bhI puruSa ke prati mana meM vikAra na lAnA / - (9) caryA - parISaha Agama meM kahA gayA hai vihAra cariyA muNiNaM pasatthA- muniyoM kA vihAra karanA prazasta hai / sAdhaka eka sthAna para hI avasthita na ho apitu bhramaNazIla rahe / caryA yAnI gamana karate samaya kheda na karanA / (11) zayyA - parISaha kheda na karanA / - (10) niSadyA - parISaha dhyAnastha muni ke samakSa bhaya kA prasaMga A AjAya taba bhI Asana se cyuta na honA / athavA bhaya kA prasaMga na Aye to bhI Asana se nahIM DiganA komala, kaThora jaisI bhA zayyA mile, usameM (12) Akroza - parISaha kaTuka - kaTora - apriya vacanoM ko sunakara bhI citta meM krodha na lAnA apitu samabhAva se sahanA / - (16) roga - pariSaha hone hone para use pUrvakRta (17) tRNa-sparza sahanA / (13) vadha - parISaha apane ko mArane-pITane vAle vyakti para roSa na karanA, usa pIr3A ko samabhAva se sahanA, use apanA upakArI samajhanA / (14) yAcanA - parISaha bhI dInatApUrvaka yAcanA na karanA; pUrNa vacanoM dvArA use pratAr3ita na - - - (15) alAbha - parISaha upakaraNa Adi prApta na ho sakeM to khinna na hogA / - - - kSudhA tRSA se atyadhika pIr3ita hone para athavA dAtA na de to abhimAna yA Akroza karanA / - saMyama nirvAha yogya vastue~ AhAra tathA kisI prakAra kI zArIraki mAnasika vyAdhi karmavipAka mAnakara samabhAva se sahanA / tRNa Adi kI sparzajanya pIr3A ko samatA se For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 413 . maile zarIra ko dekhakara glAni na karanA tathA (18) mala - parISaha snAna Adi kI icchA na karanA, pasIne se bhIge hue zarIra se jugupsA na karanA / (19) satkAra - puraskAra parISaha satkAra milane para harSita aura na milane para kheda na karanA, sama-bhAvoM meM nimagna rahanA vidvattA athavA camatkAriNI buddhi honepara (20) prajJA parISaha abhimAna na karanA / - (21) ajJAna - pariSaha udyama aura bharapUra prayAsa karane para bhI jJAna na ho pAye to citta meM udAsa na honA / mana meM hIna bhAva na lAnA / (22) adarzana - parISaha dIrghakAla taka sAdhanA (tapasyA) karanepara bhI sUkSmatathA atIndriya jJAna yA koI viziSTa upalabdhi na ho to apanI tapasyA ko niSpala samajhakara zraddhA se vicalita na honA, apitu zraddhA ko dRr3ha rakhanA aura sAdhanA meM utsAha banAye rakhanA / Agama meM ise 'darzana parISaha kahA hai jisakA tAtparya svarga-naraka sambandhI zraddhA athavA darzana se Dige nahIM / isa prakAra ina parISahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karake, inheM vijaya karane se - parISahajaya se saMvara hotA hai / Agama vacana - - - nANAvaraNijje NaM bhaMte ! kamme kati parIsahA samoyaraMti ? goyamA ! do parIsahA samoyaraMti, taM jahA - pannA parIsahe nANaparI - sahe ya / ( bhagavana ! kauna - kona se parISaha jJAnAvaraNIya kamI se Ate haiM ? gautama! do parISaha Ate haiM (1) prajJAparISaha aura (2) ajJAna parISaha ) veyaNij NaM bhaMte ! kamme kati parIsahA samoyaraMti ? goyamA ! ekkArasaparIsahA samoyaranti taM jahApaMceva ANupuvvI cariyA sejjA vahe ya roge ya / taNaphAsa jallameva ya ekkArasa vedaNijjaMmi // ( bhagavana ! vedanIya karma me kauna-kona se parISaha liye jAte haiM ? gautama ! gyAraha (11) parISaha liye jAte haiM / (1) kSudhA (2) tRSA (3) zIta (4) uSNa (5) daMzamazaka (6) For Personal & Private Use Only

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414 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 9 caryA (zayyA) (8) vadha (9) roga (10) tRNasparza aura (11) mala (jll)| daMsaNamohaNijje NaM bhaMte ! kamme kati parIsahA samoyayaranti ? goyamA ! ege daMsaNaparIsahe samoyarai / carittamohaNijje NaM bhaMte ! kamme kati parIsahA samoyaraMti ? goyamA ! satta parIsahA samoyaranti, taM jahAaratI acela itthI nisIhiyA jAyaNA ya akkose / sakkArapurakAre carittAmAhaMmi satte te| (bhagavana ! darzanamohanIya karma se kitane parISaha hote haiM ? . gautama ! ekadarzana parISaha hI ginA jAtA hai| bhagavana ! cAritramohanIya karma se kitane parISaha hote haiM ? gautama ! sAta parISaha hote haiM - (1) arati (2) acela (3) strI (4) niSadyA (5) yAcanA (6) Akroza aura (7) satkAra-puraskAra aMtarAie Na bhaMte ! kamme kati parIsahA samoyaraMti ? goyamA ! ege alAbhArISahe samAyarai / (bhagavana ! antarAyamakarma meM kitane parISaha hote haiM ? gautama ! eka alAbhaparISaha hotA hai|) sattavihabaMdhagassa NaM bhaMte ! kati parIsahA paNNattA ? goyamA ! bAvIsa parasIhA paNNattA, vIsaM puNavedei, jaM samayaM sIyaparIsahaM vedeti No taM samayaM usiNaparIsaha vedei, jaM samayaM usiNaparIsaha vedei NoM taM samaya sIyaparIsahaM vedei, jaM samayaM cariyAparIsahaM vedeti No taM samayaM nisIhiyAparIsahaM vedeti, jaM samayaM nisIhiyAparIsahaM vedei No taM samayaM cariyAparIsahaM vedei / ....evaM avihassa baMdhagassa vi satta vihassa baMdhagassa vi| ( bhagavan ! sAta prakAra ke karmabaMdha vAloM ke kitane parISaha hote haiM? (gautama ! bAIsoM parISaha hI hote haiM / kintu eka kAla meM vedana (anubhava) bIsa kA hI hotA hai| kyoMki zIta-uSNa tathA caryA-niSadyA (ina donoM yugaloM) meM se eka-eka kA hI vedana saMbhava hai / .. isI prakAra ATha prakAra ke karma baMdhakoM ko bhI hote hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 415 chavvihassa baMdhagassa ... coisa parIsahA paNattA,, bArasa puNa vedei / ( chaha prakAra ke (karma ke) baMdhakoM ko caudaha parISaha hote haiM. kintu eka kAla me ve vedana bAraha kA hI kara sakate haiM / kyoMki zIta-uSNa meM se eka kA aura caryA-zayyA meM se kisI eka kA hI vedana saMbhava hai / ) isI prakAra chadmastha vItarAga ko bhI hotA hai| ekka vihabaMdhagassa sajogibhavatthake valissa ekkArasa parIsahA paNNattA, nava puNa vedei / sesaM jahA chavvihabaMdhagassa / (eka prakAra ke karmabaMdha vAle sayogibhavastha kevali ke 11 parISaha kahe gaye haiM, kintu eka samaya meM vedana nau (9) kA hI hotA hai| zeSa chaha prakAra ke baMdhavAle ke samAna samajhanA cAhie / abadhagassa ajogibhavattha kevalissa.. ekkArasa parIsahA paNNattA nava puNa vedei / ___ - bhagavatI, za. 8, u. 8, sU. 343 (abaMdhaka (binA bandha vAle) kevali ke 11 parISaha kahe gaye hai kintu eka samaya meM vedana nau (9) kA hI saMbhava hai / parISahoM ke adhikArI, kAraNa aura eka sAtha saMbhAvyatA* sUkSmasaMparAyachadmasthavItarAgayozcaturdaza / 10 / ekAdazajine / 11 / bAdarasaMparAye sarve / 12 / jJAnAvaraNe prajJAjJAne. / 13 / darzanamohAntarAyayoradarzanAlAbhau / 14 / cAritramohe nAgnyAratistrIniSadyAkrozayAcanAsatkAra puraskArAH / 15 / vedanIye zeSAH / 16 / ekAdayobhAjyAyugapadaikonaviMzate : / 17 / sUkSma saMparAya tathA chadmastha vItarAga meM caudaha parISaha hote haiM / | jinendra bhagavAna ko gyAraha parISaha ho sakate haiM ) jJAnAvaraNakarma ke kAraNa prajJA aura ajJAna parISaha hote haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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416 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9: sUtra 10-17 adarzanaparISaha kA kAraNa darzanamohanIyakarma aura alAbha parISaha kA kAraNa aMtarAyakarma hai / acela, arati, strI, niSadyA, Akroza, yAcanA aura satkAra - puraskAra ye parISaha cAritramohanIyakarma ke udaya se hote hai| zeSa sabhI parISahoM kA kAraNa vedanIya karma kA udaya hai / eka sAtha, eka jIva meM eka samaya meM eka se unnIsa (19) taka parISaha ho sakate haiM / ) vivecana prastuta sUtra saMkhyA 10 - 11 - 12 meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa jIva ko adhika se adhika kitane pariSaha ho sakate haiM / sAtha hI 17 veM sUtrameM yaha batAyA hai ki eka se lekara unnIsa (19) taka adhika se adhika eka sAtha parISaha ho sakate haiM / sUtra 13 - 14-15-16 meM yaha nirdeza hai ki kisa parISaha ke lie kauna-sA karma kAraNa par3atA hai / - ina sabhI sUtroM meM parISahoM kI saMbhAvyatA kI apekSA se 17 vAM sUtra mahatvapUrNa hai / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki kama se kama eka parISaha bhI ho sakatA hai aura adhikatama parISahoM kI saMkhyA vibhinna jIvoM kI apekSA sUtra 10-11-12 tathA 17 meM batAI gaI hai| ina sabhI sUtroM kA yaha bhI abhiprAya hai ki amuka saMkhyA meM parISaha honA 'saMbhava' hai, 'anivArya' nahIM hai. yAnI yahA~ Probability kA siddhAnta mAnanA cAhie / dUsare zabda meM (Possibility) saMbhAvyatA batAI gaI hai / yaha sabhI parISaha avazya hI hoM, aisA anivArya (Comspulsory ) nahIM hai| parISoM ke kAraNa parISahoM ke kAraNa hai- karma arthAt karmoM kA udaya / ina bAIsoM parISahoM ke AdhArabhUta kAraNa cAra karma haiM jJAnAvaraNIya (2) mohanIya (3) antarAya saura (4) vedanIya / (9) - jJAnAvaraNIyakarma ke kAraNa do parISaha hote haiM (1) prajJA aura (2) ajJAna / darzanamohanIya darzana parISaha kA kAraNa hai aura cAritramohanIya ke udaya se sAta parISaha hote haiM - ( 1 ) acelakatva (2) arati (3) strI (4) niSadyA (5) Akroza (6) yAcanA aura (7) satkAra - puraskAra / antarAya kevala eka alAbha parISaha kA kAraNa hai / ) .. vedanIya kA udaya gyAraha parISahoM kA janaka hai- (1) kSudhA (2) tRSA (3) zIta (4) uSNa (5) daMzamazaka (6) caryA (7) zayyA (8) vadha (9) roga (10) tRNasparza aura (11) mala parISaha 1 ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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( saMvara tathA nirjarA 417 isa prakAra jJAnAvaraNIyajanita 2. mohanIyajanita 8. aMtarAyajanita 1. aura vedanIyajanita 11 yo kuMla 22 parISaha 4 karmajanita haiN)| sUkSmasaMparAya Adi kA spaSTIkaraNa - sUtra saMkhyA 10 meM sUkSmasaMparAya, chadmastha vItarAga tathA sUtra saMkhyA 12 me bAdarasaMparAya zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / yaha guNasthAnoM ke nAma hai| guNasthAna caudaha haiM, inake nAma isa prakAra hai (1) mithyAtva (2) sAsAdana (3) mizra (4) samyaktva (5) dezavirata (6) pramattavirata (7) apramattavirata (8) apUrvakaraNa, (9) anivRtti bAdarasamparAya, (10) sUkSmasamparAya, (11) upazAMtamoha, (12) kSINa moha (chadmastha vItarAga kevalI), (13) sayogikevalI, (14) ayogikevalI gunnsthaan| isa guNasthAnoM kA vistRta vivecana isI grantha ke prathama adhyAya sUtra 7 ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai / guNasthAna jIva ke Atma-vikAsa ke paricAyaka haiM tathA kramazaH hote haiM / jyoM-jyoM jJAna-darzana-cAritra meM jIva unnati karatA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM vaha eka ke bAda dUsarA -yoM kramazaH guNasthAnoM para car3hatA jAtA hai| sUtra 10 meM jo kahA gayA hai ki sUkSmasaMparAya se chadmasthavItarAga taka 14 parISaha hote haiM, isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dasave guNasthAna se bArahaveM guNasthAnavI jIvoM (manuSyoM) meM 14 parISaha honA saMbhava hai / ve caudaha parISaha yaha haiM- kSudhA, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, caryA, prajJA, ajJAna, alAbha, zaiyA, vadha, roga, tRNasparza aura mala / zeSa ATha parISaha mohakarmajanita hone ke kAraNa ina guNastAnavartI jIvoM meM saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki yahA~ moha nahIMvat hai athavA usakA abhAva hai| ( jinendra bhagavAna ko gyAraha pariSaha saMbhava batAye haiM) ve parISaha vedanIya karmajanita hai aura vedanIya karma kA ina donaM guNasthAnoM meM sadbhAva hai / yaha parISaha hai- kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, caryA, zayyA, vadha, roga, tRNasparza aura ml| sUtra 1.2 meM jo kahA gayA hai ki 'bAdarasaMparAya meM sabhI parISaha hote haiM' usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pahale mithyAtva guNasthAna se lekara nauveM bAdarasaMparAya guNasthAna taka ke sabhI jIvoM ko sabhI (bAIsoM) parISaha hote For Personal & Private Use Only

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418 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 18 uparokta vivecanagata sUtroM meM adhikatama saMbhava parISahoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza haiM kintu 17 veM sUtra meM yaha batAyA gayA haiM ki eka sAtha adhika se adhika 19 parISahoM kA vedana jIva (jisa jIva ko 22 pariSaha saMbhava hai ) kara sakatA hai / isakA hetu yaha hai ki koI bhI jIva zIta aura uSNa parISaha meM se kisI eka kA eka samaya meM vedana kara sakatA hai, paraspara virodhI hone kA kAraNa donoM kA eka sAtha vedana saMbhava nahIM hai| isI prakAra zayyA, caryA aura niSadyA meM se jIva eka samaya meM eka kAhI vedana kara sakatA hai, tInoM kA eka sAtha nahIM kara sakatA / ataH zIta, uSNa, caryA, zayyA, niSadyA meM se 2 kA vedana saMbhava ho sakane ke kAraNa 22 parISahoM meM se tIna kama karane se 19 parISaha zeSa bacate haiM, unhIM kA vedana ho sakatA hai / Agama vacana - sAmAiyattha paDhamaM, chedovaThAvaNaM bhave bIyaM / parihAravisuddhIyaM. suhuma taha saMparAyaM / aka sAyamahakkhAyaM chaumatthassa jiNassa vA / evaM cayarittakaraM, cArittaM hoi AhiyaM / uttarA 28/32-33 ((1) sAmAyika (2) chedopasthApanA (3) parihAravizuddhi ( 4 ) sUkSmasamparAya aura (5) yathAkhyAta ( binA kaSAyavAlA) yaha chadmastha athavA jina (arhanta bhagavAna) ke cAritra kahe gaye haiM / ye karmoM ko samUla naSTa karane vAle haiM / ) cAritra ke prakAra sAmAyikacche dopasthASyaparihAra vizuddhisUkSmasaMparayA yathAkhyAtamiticAritram |18| cAritra pA~ca prakAra kA hai (1) sAmAyika (2) chedopasthApana (3) paharihAravizuddhi ( 4 ) sUkSmasaMparAya aura (5) yathAkhyAta / - vivecana saMsAra bar3hAne vAlI kriyAoM se vimukha hokara mokSa-prApti ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA prayatna athavA kriyA cAritra hai / usa prayatna se AtmA ke pariNAmoM me vizuddhi AtI hai / isa vizuddhi ke taratama bhAva kI apekSA pA~ca prakAra ke cAritra mAne gaye hai / yahI pA~ca bheda sUtra meM ullikhita haiM / ina pA~coM prakAra ke cAritroM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai / - For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 419 (1) sAmAyikacAritra - samasta sAvadya yoga (pApakriyAoM athavA rAgadveSamUlaka evaM viSaya-kaSAya bar3hAne vAlo kriyAoM) kA tyAga / (2) chedopasthApanAcAritra - prathama dIkSA ke uparAnta jo jIvanabhara ke lie vrato kA grahaNa hotA hai, vaha chedopasthApanIya cAritra hai| sAmAnyataH ise bar3I dIkSA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakA dUsarA lakSaNa yaha bhI hai ki kisI doSa-sevana ke kAraNa mahAvrata dUSita ho jAyeM taba naye sire se jo vratoM kA grahaNa karAyA jAtA hai athavA naI dIkSA dI jAtI hai, vaha chedopasthApanIya cAritra hai / isa dazA meM pUrva dIkSA-paryAya ke varSoM ko gaNanA nahIM kI jAtI aura jyeSTha sAdhu bhI navadIkSita bana jAtA hai| (3) parihAravizuddhicAritra - viziSTa prakAra ke tapopradhAna AcAra kA pAlana / (4) sUkSmasaMparAyacAritra - isameM sirpha lobha (saMjalvana lobha kaSAya) kA bahuta hI sUkSma aMza zeSa raha jAtA hai / yaha cAritra dazaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai, usase nIce ke guNasthAnoM meM nahIM hotA / (5) yathAkhyAtacAritra - isa cAritra meM kaSAyoM kA aMza bilkula bhI nahIM hotA, isameM AtmA ke zuddha nirmala pariNAma hote haiM / isIlie ise (vItarAga cAritra bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha 11 veM se 14 veM taka cAra guNasthAnoM meM hI hotA hai / . isa prakAra 3 gupti, 5 samiti, 12 bhAvanA, 10 dharma, 22 parISahajaya aura 5 cAritra- saMvara ke yaha 57 bheda haiM, jinase AsravoM kA nirodha hotA (tAlikA pRSTha 420 para dekheM) Agama vacana bAhirietave chavihe paNNatte, taM jahA aNasaNa. UNoyariyA bhikkhAyariyA ya rasapaJcAo / kAyakileso paDisaMlINayA vajjho tavoM hoI / - bhagavatI, za. 25, u. 7, sU. 187 (bAhya tapa chaha prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM, yathA (1) anazana, (2) UnodarI (3) bhikSAcaryA, (4) rasaparityAga, (5) kAyakleza aura (6) prtisNliintaa| abhintarae tave chavihe paNNatte taM jahApAyacchitaM viNao veyAvaccaM sajjhAoM jhANaM viussaggo / . - bhagavatI za. 25, u. 7, sU. 217 For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara ke 57 bheda 1-2 gupti-samiti 3 dharma 4 bhAvanA 5 parISaha (jaya) 6 cAritra 1 manogupti 2 vacanagupti - 3 kAyagupti samiti 1 IryAsamiti 2 bhASA " 3 eSaNA ' 4 AdAna- nikSepa samiti 5 utsargasamiti For Personal & Private Use Only 1 uttama kSamA 1 anitya vedanIyajanya jJAnAvaraNajanya 1 sAmAyika 2" mArdava 2 azaraNa 1 kSudhA 1 prajJA 2 chedopasthApana 3 " Arjava 3 saMsAra 2 pipAsA 2 ajJAna 3 parihAravizuddhi 4" zauca 4 ekatva 3 zIta darzanamohakRta- 4 sUkSmasaMparAya 5" satya . 5 anyatva 4 uSNa 1 adarzana 5 yathAkhyAta 6" saMyama 6 azuci 5 daMzamazaka cAritramohajanya7' tapa 7 Asrava 6 caryA 1 acelatva 8" tyAga 8 saMvara 7 zayyA 2 arati 9" AkiMcanya 9 nirjarA 8 vadha 3 strI 10 " brahmacarya 10 loka 9 roga . 4 niSadyA 11 bodhidurlabha 10 tRNasparza 5 Akroza 12 dharma 11mala 6 yAcanA 7 satkAra-puraskAra . antarAyajanya1 alAbha 420 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 18 ..

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 421 (Abhyantara tapa chaha prakAra kA hai- (1) prAyazcita (2) vinaya, (3) 'vaiyAvRtya (4) svAdhyAya, (5) dhyAna, aura (6) vyatsurga / ) tapa ke bhedopabheda - anazanAvamaudaryavattiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgavivikta zayyAsanakAya- klezAH bAhyaM tapaH / 19 / / prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram / 20 / navacatudezapaMcadvibhedaM yathAkramam prAgdhyAnAt / 21 / (1) anazana (2) avamaudarya (UnodarI) (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna (4) rasa parityAga (5) vivikta zayyAsana aura (6) kAya kleza - yaha chaha bAhya tapa haiN| (1) prAyazcitta (2) vinaya (3) vaiyAvRttya (4) svAdhyAya (6) vyutsarga aura (6) dhyAna - yaha chaha uttara arthAt Abhyantara tapa haiN| dhyAna se pahale ke (pA~ca Abhyantara) tapoM ke yathAkrama se nau, cAra, dasa, pAMca aura do (uttara) bheda haiM / vivecana - prastuta 3 sUtroM meM se sUtra 19 me bAhya tapoM ke tathA sUtra 20 meM Abhyantara tapoM ke chaha-chahU bheda batAye hai tathA sUtra 21 meM Abhyantara chaha tapoM me se 5 tapoM ke uttarabheda batAye haiM / yathA-prAyazcitta ke 9, vinaya ke 4, vaiyAvRttya ke 10, svAdhyAya ke 5 aura vyutsarga ke 2 uttara athavA avAntara bheda hai / __ tapa - jaina darzana meM tapa bahuta hI vyApaka zabda hai / isake vibhinna apekSA aura vivikSAoM se aneka lakSaNa (paribhASAe~) diye gaye haiM / unameM se kucha ko samajha lenA upayogI rahegA, jisase 'tapa' kA hArda hRdayaMgama ho jaay| . Avazyaka malayagiri (khaNDa 2, a. 1) me kahA gayA hai tApayati. aSTaprakAraM karma iti tpH| (jo ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko jalAe - tapAe, vaha tapa hai / . yahI bAta sarvArthasiddhikAra ne karmakSayArtha tayyate iti tapaH tathA rAjavArtikakAra ne karmadahanAttapaH (yAnI karmoM ke kSaya ke lie athavA unake dahana ke lie) kahakara kahI haiM / ___mokSa paMcAzat (48) meM 'tasmAdvIryasamudrekAt icchA nirodhastapo viduH kahakara icchAoM ke nirodha ko tapa batAyA hai / ina paribhASAoM se yaha phalita hotA hai ki jina kriyAoM se karmoM kA kSaya ho aura AtmA kI vizuddhi ho, ve sabhI tapa hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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422 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9: sUtra 19-20-21 eka zabda meM eka sAdhaka ne isa bhAva ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai| AtmazodhinI kriyA tapaH / AtmA kI vizuddhi karane vAlI kriyA tapa hai / isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA kI koI bhI kriyA cAhe vaha anazana ho, UnodarI ho, vinaya, prAyazcitta, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi kucha bhI ho, yadi vaha kriyA karmakSaya tathA Atma zuddhi meM sahAyaka nahIM banatI, AtmA kA abhyutthAna nahIM karatI to vaha tapa nahIM haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki tapa kA Avazyaka uddezya aura lakSaNa - karmakSaya tathA Atma-vizuddhi evaM Atmonnati hai / isa tapa ke pramukha rUpa se do bheda hai - (1) bAhya aura (2) Abhyantara / bAhya tapa kA lakSaNa samavAyAMga 6, abhayadevavRtti meM isa prakAra diyA gayA hai- 'bAhya zarIrarayaparizoSaNena karmakSapaNahetutvAditi- arthAt jisase bAhya zarIra kA zoSaNa aura karmakSaya ho / sarala zabdoM meM deha tathA indriyoM ke nigraha aura niyantraNa ke lie kI jAne vAlI ve sabhI kriyAe~ jo karmakSaya kA kAraNa bhI hoM, bAhya tapa haiM / bAhya tapa bAhara dikhAI dene vAle tapa haiM, inakA prabhAva zarIra, indriyoM Adi para par3atA dikhAI detA hai| ataH ise bAhya tapa kahA hai / - Abhyantara tapa kI paribhASA samavAyAMgavRtti meM isa prakAra dI gaI hai| AbhyantaraM cittanirodha prAdhAnyeya karmakSapaNA hetutvAditi cittanirodha kI pradhAnatA dvArA karmakSaya karanevAlI kriyAe~ Abhyantara tapa arthAt Abhyantara tapa meM cittavizuddhi pramukha hai| bAhya tapa bAhya tapa ke chaha bheda haiM 1. anazana tapa' azana (anna), pAna ( jala Adi peya padArtha), khAdima (mevA, miSTAnna Adi) tathA svAdima mukha ko suvAsita karane vAle ilayAcI, supArI Adi - ina cAroM prakAra ke padArthoM kA 'azana' zabda se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura anazana kA abhiprAya hai, ina cAroM prakAra ke bhojya padArthoM kA tyAga athavA 'pAna' ke atirikta tIna prakAra ke padArthoM kA tyAga / anazana tapa taba kahalAtA hai jaba zarIra ke sAtha-sAtha Atma-: -zuddhi kA - For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 423 bhI lakSya ho, apaca Adi kI dazA meM bhojana-tyAga anazana to haiM; parantu anazana tapa nahIM hai / __ samaya sImA kI dRSTi se anazana tapa ke mukhya bheda do haiM -(1) itvarika (kAla kI nizacita maryAdA sahita) aura (2) yAvatkathika (jIvana bhara ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA anazana) / itvarika anazana tapa - sAvakAMkSa bhI kahalAtA hai, isameM eka nizcita samaya pUrA hone ke bAda bhojana-prApti kI AkAMkSA athavA icchA rahatI hai / prakriyA kI dRSTi se isake chaha bheda haiM (a) zreNItapa- yaha caturtha bhakta (upavAsa), SaSThabhakta, (belA-do dina kA upavAsa) aSTamabhakta (telA-tIna dina kA upavAsa) se lekara mAsopavAsa aura SaTmAsopavAsa (chaha mahIne ke upavAsa) taka hotA hai / (ba) prataratapa - hai yaha bhI anazana tapa kintu yaha aMko ke kramAnusAra kiyA jAtA hai; udAharaNArtha 1,2,3,4; 2,3,4,1; 3,4,1,2; 4,1,2,3 Adi arthAt 444=16 ke koSThaka meM aMka AkeM, aisA tapa / (sa) ghanatapa - 848=64 koThoM meM aMka AveM esA anazana tp| (da) vargatapa - 64464=4096 koThoM meM aMka AveM aisA anazana tapa / (ya) vargavargatapa-409644096=1677216 koThoM meM aMka AveM aisA tapa / (ra) prakIrNakatapa - isake pramukha 13 prakAra hai -(1) kanakAvalI (2) ratnAvalI (3) ekAvalI (4) muktAvalI (5) bRhatasiMhaniSkrar3ita (6) laghusiMhaniSkrIr3ita (7) guNaratnasaMvatsara (8) sarvatobhadra pratimA (9) mahAbhadra pratimA (1) bhadra pratimA (11) yavamadhyapratimA (12) vajramadhyapratimA (13) vardhamAna AyaMbila tapa / inako vistArapUrvaka samajhane ke lie antakRddasAsUtra dekhanA caahie| yAvatkathika anazanatapa- niravakAMkSa tapa hai, kyoMki isameM bhojana kI icchA hI nahIM rahatI, isameM jIvana bhara ke lie AhAra kA tyAga kara diyA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa bhASA meM ise saMthArA bhI kahate haiM / yaha chaha prakAra kA hai (a) bhaktapratyAkhyAnatapa - jIvana bhara ke lie cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga / (ba) pAdapopagamanatapa - jIvana bhara ke lie AhAra aura zarIra kA tyAga chinna vRkSa kI bhA~ti nizcala-sthira ho jAnA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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424 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya : sUtra 19-20 -21 (sa) pratikrama (da) apratikrama -pAdapopagamana vAle pratikramaNa nahIM krte| jinake zarIra kI aMtyeSTi hotI hai| - bhakta pratyAkhyAna anazana vAle pratikramaNa karate hai / (ya) nirdhArima (ra) anirdhArima parvata guphA Adi nirjana pradeza meM saMthArA karate haiM / (2) UnodarI tapa Una=karma arthAt peTa meM jitanI bhUkha hai, usase kama AhAra grahaNa karanA / isI kA dUsarA nAma avamaudarya hai jo sUtra meM diyA gayA hai| inake zarIra kI anyeSTi nahIM hotI; kyoMki ye ukta artha bhojana kI apekSA se hai; kintu UnodarI kA vAstavika abhiprAya kama karanA hai / vaha kamI bhojana, vastra, upakaraNa, mana-vacana-kAya yogoM kI capalatA meM bhI kI jAtI hai| UnodarI ke mukhya bheda do haiM 1 UnodarI / dravya UnodarI ke tIna uttara bheda haiM (1) AhAra kI alpatA (2) vastra kI alpatA (2) upakaraNa kI alpatA / bhAva unodarI ke 8 bheda hai - (1) krodha (2) mAna (3) mAyA (4) lobha (5) rAga (6) dveSa (7) kleza - inako kama kare aura (8) thor3A bole / isakA abhiprAya hai lAlasA kama karanA / vibhinna vastuoM ke prati apanI icchAoM ko kama yA sImita karanA / (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAnatapa (4) rasaparityAga hai / jIbha ko svAdiSTa lagane I (1) dravya UnodarI (2) bhAva - sAdhu kI apekSA ise bhikSAcArI tapa kahA gayA hai / sAdhu isa tapa ke antargata vibhinna prakAra ke abhigraha letA hai; jaise- Aja itane ( saMkhyA meM udAharaNataH 6,7 Adi) hI gharoM meM bhikSA hetu jAU~gA, athavA amuka muhalle meM hI jAU~gA Adi-Adi / kintu zrAvaka bhikSA se bhojana prApta nahIM karatA / vahI apanI vRttiyoM ko saMkSipta karatA hai / zrAvaka ke 14 niyama jo pratidina cintana kiye jAte hai, isI tapa kI ora saMketa karate haiM arthAt isa tapa kI sAdhanA ke antargata Ate hai / isa tapa kA uddezya svAdavRtti para vijaya pAnA vAlI aura indriya ko uttejita karane vAlI bhojya vastuoM kA tyAga karanA, rasaparityAga tapa hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 425 / isameM mukhyataH ghI, tela, dUdha, dahI miThAI - ina vikRtiyoM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| sAtha hI mirca masAledAra, gariSTha vastuoM kA bhI tyAga hotA isameM praNItarasa kA parityAga aura sAdA sAtvika bhojana liyA jAtA hai| pramukha uddezya hai / aisA bhojana jo cittavRttiyoM ko zAMta rakhe, unheM caMcala na hone de aura sAtvikatA kI ora mana kI vRttiyoM kI jhukAva ho jAya, mana dharma kI ora -sadAcAra kI ora abhimukha rahe / / (5) viviktazayyAsana tapa - sUtrakAra ne yaha nAma diyA hai, uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI yahI nAma hai kintu bhagavatI Adi AgamoM meM isa tapa kA nAma 'pratisaMlInatA' diyA hai / inameM sirpha nAmoM kA hI bheda hai, artha meM kisI prakAra kA koI bheda nahIM / yaha donoM nAma ekArthavAcI hai / pratisaMlInAta kA artha hai- aba taka jo indriya, yoga Adi bAhya pravRttiyoM meM lIna the unheM antarmukhI bananA-AtmA kI ora mor3anA / isake 4 prakAra hai - (a) indriya-pratisaMlInatA- indriyoM ko apane viSayoM kI ora jAne se rokanA / (ba) kaSAya-pratisaMlInatA - krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha ina kaSAyoM kA zamana karanA / (sa) yoga-pratisaMlInatA - mana-vacana-kAyA ke yogoM kI capalatA kA nirodha / (da) vivikta zayyAsana sevanA - ekAnta, zAnta, bAdhArahita sthAna meM sonA, baiThanA; jahA~ daMza-mazaka Adi kSudra jIvoM kI bAdhA na ho tathA strI, pazu Ada kA nirbAdha AvAgamana na ho / sUtrakAra ne sUtra meM isa aMtima bheda 'vivikta zayyAsana' kA hI ullekha kiyA hai; kintu antima meM usase pahale ke sabhI bhedoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai, isa nyAya ke anusAra 'pratisaMlInatA tapa' ke sabhI bhedoM kA isa antima bheda ke ullekha se grahaNa huA samajhanA cahie / phira bhagavatI Adi AgamoM meM bhI pratisaMlInatA tapa diyA gayA hai, ataH unase bhI yaha puSTa hai| (6) kAya-kleza tapa- kAyakleza kA artha hai. zarIra ko itanA anuzAsita kara lenA-sAdha lenA ki vaha ThaNDa, garmI, Adi kI bAdhAe~ aura upasarga-parISaha sahana karate hue bhI sthira va avyathita raha sake / For Personal & Private Use Only

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bAhya-tapa 1. anazana 2. UnodarI (avamaudarya) 3. vRttiparisaMkhyAna 4. rasaparityAga praNItabhojana tyAga sarasa bhojana tyAga vikRti tyAga For Personal & Private Use Only itvarika yAvatkathika dravya bhAva vibhinna abhigraha vRttiyoM kA saMkucana zreNItapa bhakta pratyAkhyAna AhAra krodha alpatA pratara tapa pAdapopagamana vastra mAna. 5. pratisaMlInatA ghana tapa upakaraNa mAyA varga tapa apaDikkamma lobha ... (vivikta zayyAsana) varga-vargatapa nirjharima prakIrNakatapa anihArima indriya pratisaMlInatA kleza kaSAya vacana yoga vivikta zayyAsana 426 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 19-20-21 6. kAyakleza rAga dveSa .. kezaloMca AtApanA zIta tApa sahanA vibhinna Asana

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 427 zarIra ko anuzAsita vibhinna prakAra ke AsanoM se aura sAdhanAoM se kiyA jAtA hai / kAya -kleza tapa meM svecchA se kezalauMca, Asana, AtApanA Adi lI jAtI hai| isI ke antargata prANAyAma kA abhyAsa AtA hai| yadyapi Asana bahuta haiM, kintu apane zarIra kI zakti aura paristhiti ke anusAra Asana apanAkara isa tapa ke mUla uddezya ( zarIra ko caMcalatA rahita, sthira aura nizcala banAne ) ko prApta kiyA jAtA hai / (tAlikA pRSTha 426 para dekheM) Abhyantara ( antaraMga ) tapa (1) prAyazcittatapa pApoM kI athavA doSo kI vizuddhi ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA tapa athavA bhUlazodhana- pApazodhana kI sAdhanA / (2) vinayatapa - gurujanoM tathA apane se choToM ke prati Adaraaura sanmAna; bar3oM ke prati vinamratA aura choToM ke prati sneha vAtsalya / vastutaH vinayatapa se mAna vigalito hAta hai bahumAna yaha tapa mAna-abhimAna ko vijaya karane kI sAdhanA hai / (3) vaiyAvRttyatapa niHsvArtha aura aglAna bhAva se guru, jeSTha sAdhu, vRddha, rogI, Adi kI sevA - paricaryA karanA / (4) svAdhyAya svAdhyAya zabda ke nirvacana kaI prakAra ke kiye - - gaye haiM 'su' - suSThu - bhalI bhA~ti, 'AG' maryAdA ke sAtha adhyayana ko . svAdhyAya kahA jAtA hai / apane Apa hI adhyayana karanA, svasyAtmo'dhyayanam apanI AtmA kA adhyayana karanA / svena svasya adhyayanaM apane dvArA apanI AtmA kA adhyyn| vastutaH svAdhyAyatapa Atma-kalyANakArI aura Atma-svarUpa ko batAne vAle granthoM kA adhyayana hai / sAtha hI usa jJAna ko cintana-manana dvArA hRdayaMgama karanA bhI isa tapa ke antargata hai / 'svayamadhyayanam svAdhyAyaH' nididhyA-sana-manana karanA / - - (5) vyutsarga tapa vyutsarga (vi + utsarga) kA abhiprAya hai vizeSa prakAra se tyAganA / niHsaMgatA, anAsakti aura nirbhayatA ko hRdaya meM ramAkara jIvana kI - deha (zarIra) kI lAlasA athavA mamatva kA tyAga, vyutsarga tapa hai| ise sAmAnya rUpa se kAyotsarga bhI kaha diyA jAtA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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428 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 22 (6) dhyAna - citta kI ekAgratA, zarIra-mana-vANI kA nirodha dhyAna hai / dhyeya meM citta kI ekAgratA, niSkaMpa dIpazikhA ke samAna cittavRtityoM kI acaMcalatA dhyAna hai / __dhyAna tapa meM citta kI apane AlaMbana (dhyeya) meM pUrNa rUpa se ekAgratA, tallInatA, sthiratA hotI hai aura citta athavA mana ke sAtha hI vANI bhI (vacanayoga bhI) isameM lIna tathA zarIra niSkaMpa, acala, nizcala ho jAtA ataH tInoM yogoM kA nirodha tathA sthiratA aura dhyeyaM meM ekAgratA, tallInatA hI dhyAna hai| Agama vacana . Navavidhe pAyacchitte papNatte, taM jahA-AloaNArihe paDikammaNArihe tadubhayArihe vivegArihe viusaggArihe tavAriye chedArihe mUlArihe aNavaTThAppArihe - sthAnAMga, sthAna, 9 sUtra 42 (prAyazcitta 9 prakAra kA kahA gayA hai - (1) AlocanAyogya (2) pratikramaNayogya (3) tadubhayayogya (4) vivekayogya (5) vyutsargayogya (6) tapayogya (7) chedayogaya (8) mUlayogya (parihArayogya) aura (9) anavasthA athavA upasthApanA yogya) prAyazcitta tapa ke prakAra AlocanapratikramaNatadubhayavivekavyutsargapazchedapahirAraupa sthApanAni / 22 / __prAyazcitta tapa ke nau (9) prakAra haiM - (1) AlocanA (2) pratikramaNa (3) tadubhaya (AlocanA aura pratikramaNa donoM) (4)viveka (5) vyutsarga (6) tapa (7) cheda (8) parihAra aura (9) upasthApana / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM prAcazcittatapa ke bheda batAye gaye haiM / prAyazcitta kA abhiprAya -prAyazcitta prAkRta bhASA ke 'pAyacchita' zabda se niSpanna huA hai / 'pAya' kA artha hai pApa aura 'chitta' kA artha hai, usako chinna-bhinna karanA, miTAnA, samApta krnaa| ataH prAyazcitta kA abhiprAya hai pApa ko zodhana / dharmasaMgraha (adhikAra 3) me kahA gayA - prAyaH pApaM vinirdiSTa citta tasya vizodhanam / ( pApa ke zodhana kI prakriyA prAyazcitta hai / ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 429 apanI bhUla ko jAnakara, usakA bhalI prakAra se vizodhana karake, una bhUloM ko punaH na karanA-doSo kA punaH AcaraNa na karanA, prAyazcitta tapa hai| bhUla athavA pApa kI vizeSatA ke anusAra usake vizodhana kI prakriyA meM bhI antara A jAtA hai| isa apekSAse prAyazcitta tapa ke 9 bheda kahe gaye (1) guru athavA jyeSTha sAdhu ke samakSa anajAna meM huI apanI bhUla ko niSkapaTa bhAva se nivedana kara denA AlocanA hai / atikrama vyatikrama Adi sAdhAraNapApoM kI zuddhi AlocanA se ho jAtI hai| (2) doSa athavA bhUla ke lie hRdaya meM kheda karanA aura bhaviSya meM bhUla na karane kA saMkalpa karake pUrva meM huI bhUla ke lie 'micchAbhi dukkaDaM' denA-merA vaha pApa mithyA ho, aisA bhAvapUrvaka kahanA pratikramaNa prAyazcitta' (3) kucha doSa athavA pApa aise hote haiM jo sirpha AlocanA aura pratikrama se zuddha nahIM ho pAte / ataH inakI vizuddhi ke lie AlocanA (guru ke samakSa niSkapaTa hRdaya se nivedana) aura pratikramaNa (hArdika anutApa pUrvaka mithyA duSkRta danA) yaha donoM hI kiye jAte haiM / ise tadubhaya prAyazcitta kahA jAtA hai / (4). pramAdavaza athavA bhUla se kalpanIya AhAra, upakaraNa Adi grahaNa karane meM AjAya aura usakA jJAna bAda meM ho, ki yaha vastu to mujhe grahaNa karanI hI nahIM thI, to usI samaya usako alaga kara denA viveka prAyazcitta (5) duHsvapna Adi kI zuddhi ke lie samaya kI maryAdA nizcita karake, (yathA, eka ghar3I, eka muhUrta Adi) vacana tathA kAya ke vyApAroM ko na karanA, kAyotsarga karanA, vyutsarga prAyazcitta kahA jAtA hai| (6) sacitta ke sparza ho jAne para usakI doSa zuddhi ke lie upavAsa, belA, telA Adi bAhya tapa karanA tapaprAyazcitta hai / (7) apavAda mArga kA sevana karane se athavA jAna-bUjhakara kAraNavaza doSa lagAne para jo kucha dinoM kI athavA mahInoM kI dIkSA paryAya kama kara dI jAtI hai, vaha cheda prAyazcita hai / (8) jAna bUjhakara mahAvratoM meM doSa lagAne para doSI vyakti ke sAtha kucha dina, mAsa Adi taka saMparka na rakhanA, use saMgha se bAhara nikAla denA, parihAra prAyazcitta kahalAtA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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430 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 23 / / (9) krUratApUrNa AcaraNa tathA mahAvratoM ko bhaMga karane para saMgha se alaga rakhakara ghora tapa karAnA aura vaha tapa pUrA kara lene para punaH naI dIkSA denA, anavasthA athavA upasthApanA prAyazcitta hai / isake atirikta bhagavatI (25/7) Adi zAstroM meM dasavA~ pArAMcika prAyazcitta aura batAyA gayA hai / vaha kevalI, pravacana, saMgha ke avarNavAda Adi bahuta hI gambhIra doSa kI zuddhi ke liye diyA jAtA hai| isameM sAdhu ko 12 varSa taka ke lie saMgha se niSkAsita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura bahuta hI kaThora tapa se usakI zuddhi hotI hai| uparyukta varNita sabhI prAyazcitta uttarottara gambhIra-gambhIratara hote haiM aura inakI zuddhi kI sAdhanA bhI uttarottara kaThina hotI hai| Agama vacana- viNae sattavihe paNNatte taM jahA-NANaviNae daMsaNaviNae carittaviNae maNaviNae vaiviNae kAyaviNae logovayAraviNae / - bhagavatI, za. 25, u. 7, sU. 219 (vinaya sAta prakAra kA hai, yathA - (1) jJAnavinaya (2) darzanavinaya 9) cAritravinaya (4) manavinaya (5) vacanavinaya (6) kAyavinaya aura (7) lokopacAravinaya / vinaya tapa ke bheda - jJAnadarzanacAritropacArAH / 23 / vinaya tapa cAra prakAra kA hai- (1) jJAnavinaya (2) darzanavinaya (3) cAritra vinaya aura (4) lokopacAravinaya / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM cAra prakAra ke vinaya batAye gaye haiM bhagavatI, sthanAMga Adi aMga granthoM meM sAta prakAra ke vinaya kahe gaye hai / yahA~ upayogI hone se hama sAta prakAra ke vinaya kA paricaya deMge / vinaya kA artha hai -namratA, mRdutA, ahaMkArarahitatA, Adara bhAva / guNiyoM aura guNoM ke prati Adara-sammAna vinayatapa hai / (1) jJAnavinaya - Alasyarahita hokara zraddhA aura Adara ke sAtha jinokta zAstroM kA abhyAsa karanA, ina para bAra-bAra cintana karanA, smRti meM dRr3ha karanA jJAnavinaya kahalAtA hai / sAtha hI mati-zruta-avadhi-manaH paryava aura kevalajJAniyoM ke prati zraddhA vizvAsa aura Adara-sammAna ke bhAva rakhanA bhI jJAnavinaya hai / guNiyoM kI apekSA jJAnavinaya ke pA~ca bheda mAne jAte hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 431 (2) darzanavinaya - jinokta tattvoM ke prati dRr3ha zraddhA rakhanA, samyagdarzana meM kisI kA prakAra doSa na lagAnA, zaMkA Adi na karanA darzanavinaya guNiyoM kI apekSA darzanavinaya ke do bheda hai - (1) zuzruSAvinaya - isameM zuddha samyaktviyoM kA Adara-sammAna-satkAra karanA, unheM ucca Asana denA Adi Ate haiM / aura (2) anAzAtanA vinaya meM arihaMta bhagavAna, jinokta dharma, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu sthavira, kula, gaNa, caturvidha saMgha, zuddhakriyApAlaka, saMbhogI, pA~ca jJAnoM se yukta jJAnI puruSa Adi zraddhApUrvaka bhakti-guNAnuvAda karanA sammilita hotA hai| isa apekSA se darzanavinaya ke 15 bheda mAne gaye hai / (3) cAritravinaya - sAmAyika, chedopasthApanIya, pahirAvizuddhi, sUkSmasaMparAya, yathAkhyAta- ina pA~ca prakAra cAritroM meM se kisI eka kAbhI pAlana karane vAle cAritra sAdhakoM kI vinaya karanA, inako zraddhA-bhakti bahumAna denA cAritravinaya hai / __cAritra aura cAritra pAlana karane vAle sAdhakoM kI apekSA isake pA~ca bheda hai / (4) lokopacAravinaya -guru, gaNAdhikya Adi ke sammukha Ane para Age bar3hakara unakA svAgata karanA, unake Ane para khar3e ho jAnA, jaba ve jAyeM to unake pIche-pIche calanA, unake sammukha dRSTi nIcI rakhanA, vandana karanA, Asana Adi denA lokopacAra vinaya hai / (5) manavinaya- guNiyoM ke prati mana meM sadaiva prazaMsA ke bhAva rkhnaa| (6) vanacavinaya - vacana se guNiyoM kA guNotkIrtana aura saMstuti karanA / (7) kAyavinaya - sabhI kAya-sambandhI pravRttiyA~ aisI karanA, jisesa nirabhimAnatA aura vinamratA pragaTa ho / Agama vacana veyAvacce dasavihe paNNatte taM jahA-Ayarive Avacce... jAva saMghaveyAvacce / - bhagavatI za. 25, u. 7, sU. 235 ___ (vaiyAvRtya dasa prakAra kA kahA gayA hai, yathA - (1) AcAryavaiyAvRtya (2) upAdhyayavaiyAvRttya (3) zaikSavaiyAvRtya (4) glAna-vaiyAvRtya (5) tapasvIvaiyAvRtya (6) sthavira-vaiyAvRtya (7) sAdharmI-vaiyAvRtya (8) kula vaiyAvRtya (9) gaNa-vaiyAvRtya aura (10) saMgha-vaiyAvRtta / ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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432 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 24-25 vaiyAvRttya tapa ke bhedaAcAryopAdhyAtapasvizaikSakaglAnagaNakulasaMghasAdhumanojJAnAm / 24 / ___ vaiyAvRtya tapa dasa prakAra kA hai. - (1) AcArya (2) upAdhyAya (3) tapasvI (4) zaikSa (5) glAna (5) gaNa (7) kula (8) saMgha 99) sAdhu aura (10) manojJa svadharmI-inakI sevA, paricaryA krnaa|) vivecana - sevA karane yogya puruSoM (sAdhakoM) kI aglAna bhAva se sevA karanA, unheM sukha sAtA pahu~cAnA vaiyAvRtyaM tapa hai / . . sevA karane yogya sAdhaka dasa prakAra ke hai, jinake nAma sUtra meM ginAe haiM; isI apekSA se vaiyAvRtya tapa ke bhI dasa bheda hai / 1. AcArya (saMgha ke niyaMtA, vrata aura AcAra kA savayaM pAlana karane vAle tathA anayoM se pAlana karAne vAle), 2. upAdhyaya (zruta kA abhyAsa karAne vAle) 3. tapasvI (ugra tapa karane vAle ) 4. kSaikSa (navadIkSita sAdhu) 5. glAna (rogI sAdhu) 6. gaNa (eka sampadrAya ke sAdhu) 7. kulaM (guru bhrAtA vRnda) 8 saMgha (jinadharma ke anuyAyI sAdhu-sAdhvI 9. pravrajyAdhArI sAdhu aura 10. manojJa (svadharmI) ina sabako AhAra, pAtra Adi Avazyaka vastue~ denAdilAnA, jJAnavRddhi meM sahayoga denA, paira dabAnA Adi sabhI prakAra se sukhasAtA pahu~cAnA, vaiyAvRtya tapa hai / Agama meM 'sAdhu' ke sthAna para 'sthavira' zabda AyA hai| sthavira kA artha hai jo sAdhu jJAna, Ayu Adi meM vRddha hoM, dIrgha dIkSA paryAya vAle hoN| sUtra meM Agata 'sAdhu' zabda se bhI 'sthavira' kA artha lenA cAhie kyoMki 'zaikSa' yAnInavadIkSita sAdhu kA ullekha pRthaka se huA hai / phira vRddha sAdhuoM ko sevA kI adhika AvazyakatA hotI bhI hai| Agama vacana sajjhAe paMcavihe paNNatte, taM jahAvAyaNA paDipucchaNA pariaTTaNA aNuppehA dhammakahA / - bhagavatI za. 25, u. 7, sU. 236 (svAdhyAyatapa pA~ca prakAra kA hai- (1) vAcanA (2) paripRcchanA 93) parivartanA (AmnAya) (4) anuprekSA aura (5) dharmakathA / svAdhyAyatapa ke prakAravAcanApracchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH / 25 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 433 (1) vAcanA (2) pracchanA (3) anuprekSA (4) AmnAya aura (5) dharmopadeza - svAdhyAyatapa pA~ca prakAra kA hai / vivecana - prastuta sutra meM svAdhyAya tapa ke pA~ca prakAra batAye hai| (1) gurumukha se mokSa mArga pradarzaka jJAna kA sunanA, usake zabdoM aura arthoM ko samajhanA, vAcanA hai; athavA satzastroM ko par3hanA vAcanA hai / (2) vAcanA dvArA grahaNa kiye hue jJAna ke zabda tathA artha saMbandhI kisI bhI zaMkA ko guru se athavA bahuzrutajJAnI se pUchakara usakA nivAraNa karanA, samAdhAna prApta karanA, pracchanA hai / / (3) sIkhe hue hue zaMkArahita jJAna ko bArambarA cintana, manana karake hRdayaMgama karanA, anuprekSA hai / (4) pATha ko bAra-bAra uccAraNapUrvaka ghokhanA, usakA parAvartana karake smRti meM sudRr3ha karanA AmnAya-parivartanA hai| (5) apane sIkhe hue hue jJAna ko anya logoM ko sunAnA, jisase de unmArga ko chor3akara sumArga grahaNa kareM, satya tathya kopahacAna kara usa para zraddhAzIla bane, sanmArga kA AcaraNa kareM yaha dharmopadezanA hai / 'dharmopadeza' ke lie AgamoM meM 'dharmakathA' zabda vyavahRta huA hai| kintu Azaya ina donoM zabdoM kA eka hI hai| dharmakathA ke cAra bheda haiM - (a) AkSepaNI kathA -zrotAoM ko moha se haTAkara tattvajJAna kI ora AkarSita karane vAlI kathA / (ba) vikSepaNI kathA - zrotAoM ko kumArga se haTAkara sumArga kI ora lAne vAlI isa kathA meM pahale kumArga kA varNana karake phira usameM doSa dikhAkara sumArga kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai / (sa) saMvejanI kathA - karmoM ke phaloM kA varNana karake vairAgya utpanna karane vAlI kathA (da) nirvedanI kathA - zrotAoM ko saMsAra ke duHkhoM kA varNana' karake saMsAra-sukhoM se udAsIna banAne vAlI kathA / Agama vacanaviusagge duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-davvaviusagge ya bhAvaviusagge ya - bhagavatI za. 25, u.7 sUtra 250 (vyutsarga tapa do prakAra kA hai (1) dravyavyutsarga aura (2) bhAvavyatsurga For Personal & Private Use Only

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Abhyantaravacana - utsarga jAtA hai jo tyA bAhya aura / 434 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 26 vyutsarga tapa ke prakAra - bAhyAbhyantaropadhyo : 26 / vyutsarga tapa do prakAra kA hai (1) bAhya upadhi kA tyAga aura (2) Abhyantara upadhi kA tyAga / vivecana - utsarga kA abhiprAya tyAganA athavA chor3anA hai | tyAga sadA aisI vastu kA kiyA jAtA hai jo tyAjya ho, chor3ane yogya ho / aisI vastue~ do prakAra kI ho sakatI haiM - (1) bAhya aura (2) Abhyantara ___ bAhya vastue~ bAhya parigraha hotI haiM, ye zarIra aura saMsAra saMbandhI aneka prakAra kI haiM / aura Abhyantara tyAjya vastue~ hai -mana meM udvega utpanna karane vAle viSaya, kaSAya, ahaMkAra, mamakAra, AzA, icchA Adi / ukta sUtra meM ina donoM hI prakAra ke tyAga ko 'vyutsarga tapa' kahA hai| bAhya aura Abhyantara kI apekSA hI vyutsarga tapa ke do bhAga Aga moM meM batAye gaye haiM - (1) dravyavyatsurga aura (2) bhAvyutsarga dravyavyutsarga cAra prakAra kA hai - . (1) zarIravyutsarga - zarIra ke prati mamatva kA tyAga / (2) gaNavyutsarga - eka sampradAya ke sAdhuoM kA samUha gaNa kahalAtA hai / usakA tyAga viziSTa kAraNavaza hI kiyA jAtA hai aura vaha kAraNa hai viziSTa Atma-sAdhanA, vizeSa guNoM kA upArjana, viziSTa jJAnAbhyAsa Adi / gaNa kA vyutsarga sadA hI guru kI anumati se kiyA jAtA hai| guru bhI usI ziSya ko gaNa-tyAga kI anumati dete haiM, jisameM yaha ATha guNa hoM (1) jJAna (2) kSamA (3) jitendriyatA (4) avasarajJatA (5) dhIratA (6) vIratA (7) dRr3ha zarIravAna aura (8) zuddha zraddhA-arthAt ina ATha guNoM kA dhAraka hI gaNa-vyatsarga tapa kA AcaraNa karatA hai / (3) upadhivyutsarga - upadhi saMyama sAdhanA meM sahAyaka upakaraNoM ko kahA jAta hai / isa tapa meM sAdhaka vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNoM kA yathAzakti tyAga karatA hai, unakI mAtrA anivAryatA kI koTi taka nyUnatama karatA hai| (4) bhaktapAnavyutsarga - bhakta-pAna kA abhiprAya hai - bhojana aadi| sAdhaka bhakta-pAna ke prati asakti kA tyAga karatA hai| bhakta-pAna kA tyAga anazana nAma ke prathama bAhya tapa meM bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 435 hotA hai / kintu usameM aura bhakta-pAnavyutsarga tapa meM antara 'icchA' kA 'anAsakti' kA hai / bhakta-pAna vyutsarga tapa meM sAdhaka bhojana Adi ke prati anAsakti dhAraNa karatA hai / yadi zarIra ko dhAraNa karane athavA calAne ke lie bhojana karanA hI par3e to usI taraha (dhanya anagAra ke samAna) karatA hai, jaise ki sA~pa bila meM praveza karatA hai, arthAt sAdhaka anAsakta bhAva se bhojana ko udarastha kara letA hai| bhAva vyutsargatapa - tIna prakAra kA hai (1) kaSAya-vyutsarga - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kaSAyoM kA tyAga / (2) saMsAra-vyutsarga - caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karAne vAle AsravoM kA tyAga karanA tathA kAmanA-vAsanA kA tyAga karake bhAva-saMsAra kA utsarga karanA, yaha saMsAra-vyutsarga tapa hai| (3) karma-vyutsarga - karma (jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karma) baMdha ke hetuoM kA tyAga karma-vyutsarga tapa hai / / kahIM-kahIM AgamoM meM vyutsarga tapa ke lie kAyotsarga zabda bhI prayukta huA haiM; kintu bhAva donoM kA samAna hI hai| kyoMki dravya-kAyotsarga meM bhI zarIra Adi ke prati mamatva kA tyAga hotA hai, anAsaktavRtti dhAraNa kI jAtI hai aura bhAva-kAyotsarga meM kaSAya, saMsAra (bhAva-saMsAra) karma (baMdha ke hetu) kA tyAga sAdhaka karatA hai / kintu phira bhI kAyotA zabda adhika vyApaka hai, yaha iriyAvahiyA Adi doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie bhI kiyA jAtA hai| Agama vacana ke vatiyaM kAlaM avaThiyapAriNAme hojjA ? goyamA ! jahanneNaM eka samayaM ukkoseNaM antomuhuttaM / - bhagavatI za. 25, u. 6, sU. 150 (dvAra 20) (avasthita pariNAma (dhyAna ke pariNAma) kitane samaya taka rahate haiM? gautama ! kama se kama eka samaya taka aura adhika se adhika antarmuhUrta taka / ) antomuhuttamittaM cittAvatthANamegavatthummi / chaumatthANaM jhANaM joganiroho jiNANaM tu / / ___ - sthAnAMgavRtti, sthAna 4, u. 1, sUtra 247 For Personal & Private Use Only

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436 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 27-28 eka vastu (dhyeya) para citta kA avasthAna antarmuhurta mAtra taka rahatA hai| chadmastha aura jina (kevalI bhagavAna) ke yoganirodha (mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA ko rokanA-eka dhyeya para avasthita karanA) hI dhyAna hai| dhyAna kA lakSaNa aura usakA adhikatama samaya - uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam / 27 / AmuhUrtAt / / 28 / uttama saMhanana vAle (jIva) kA ekAgracintA (eka viSaya meM citta vRtti) kA nirodha (sthApana) karanA dhyAna hai / yaha (dhyAna) (eka) muhUrta taka (antarmuhUrta taka) hI raha sakatA hai| vivecana - prastuta sUtra 27 meM dhyAna ke adhikArI tathA dhyAna kA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai aura sUtra 28 meM dhyAna kA adhikatama kAla batAyA gayA hai ki vaha kitane samaya taka sthira raha sakatA hai| dhyAna kA lakSaNa - dhyAnazataka (2) meM kahA gayA haijaM thiramajjhavasANaM jhANaM sthira adhyavasAna dhyAna hai / mana kI do avasthAe~ hai - (1) caMcala aura (2) sthira / inameM se mana kI sthira avasthA dhyAna hai / / agra zabda kA artha mukha hai aura cintA zabda kA abhiprAya cintana athavA citta kI vRtti hai / citta kI vRttiyoM kA eka viSaya para avasthita athavA ekAgra ho jAnA dhyAna hai / "uttama saMhanana' zabda kA rahasya - uttama saMhanana meM bhASya meM do saMhanana svIkAra kiye gaye haiM -(1) vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana aura (2) vajranArAca saMhanana / kintu digambara paramparA meM tIsarA nArAca saMhanana bhI mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ mokSamArga kA prakaraNa hone se uttama saMhanana vAloM ko hI dhyAna kA adhikArI kahA gayA hai kyoMki mokSa uttama saMhanana vAloM ko hI prApta hotA hai| kintu sAmAnya dRSTi se dekhA jAya to Arta-raudradhyAna ke rUpa meM sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke dhyAna hotA hai| kintu vaha dhyAna saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAlA hai ataH use dhyAna-tapa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / dUsarI apekSA yahA~ zukladhyAna (jo kelavajJAna tathA mokSa kA pratyakSa) For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 437 evaM sAkSAt hetu hai ) kI hai kyoMki vartamAna yuga ke mAnavoM kA uttama saMhanana na hone para bhI unheM dharmadhyAna hotA hai| mokSa kI sAdhanA ati kaThina sAdhanA hai aura yaha bhI satya hai ki balavAna athavA sudRr3ha zarIra meM hI sudRr3ha mana kA nivAsa hotA hai| ataH mana kI sthiratA (mokSa-prApti kI dRSTi se) sudRr3ha zarIra kI apekSA rakhatI hai, isI kAraNa yahA~ 'uttama saMhanana' zabda diyA gayA hai| tIsarA bAta yaha hai ki antarmuhUrta kAla taka citta kI ekAgratA aura yogoM ko nirodha uttama saMhanana vAloM ke hI saMbhava hai| anya saMhanana vAle jIvoM meM itane kAla taka citta ko ekAgra rakhane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI / unakA dhyAna bahuta hI alpa samaya kA hotA hai| jaisA ki Agama uddharaNa 'jahanneNa ekka samaye' se spaSTa hai| dhyAna aura dhyAna-pravAha- yahA~ pratyakSadarzI ke mana meM jijJAsA uThatI hai ki bahuta se loga (yogI Adi) to antarmuharta se adhika samaya taka yahA~ taka ki dina, pakSa, mAsa taka dhyAna karate haiM / phira adhikatama antarmuhUrta taka dhyAna ho sakatA hai isa vAkya kI satyatA kaise saMbhava hai? isa zaMkA se samAdhAna ke lie 'dhyAna' aura 'dhyAna-pravAha' ina do zabdoM kA antara samajhanA Avazyaka hai| sAdhAraNatayA zvAsa ke sUkSmIkaraNa aura zarIra ke zithilIkaraNa tathA ekAsana se sthira rahane kI avasthA ko hI laukika dRSTi vAle dhyAna tathA samAdhi mAna lete hai aura vaisA hI pracAra-prasAra bhI karate haiM / ____ jabaki dhyAna meM citta kI ekAgratA, nirvAta sthAna meM dIpazikhA kI aMkapadazA kI bhA~ti mana kA eka viSaya para kendrita honA anivArya hai / dina, pakSa, mAsa Adi lambe samaya taka dhyAna-samAdhi lagAne vAle yogiyoM kA dhyAna pravAha rUpa meM bahatA rahatA hai, aneka viSayoM, vastuoM, dhyeyoM para ghUmatA rahatA hai; ataH use eka apekSA se dhyAna kA pravAha to kaha sakate haiM, kintu ekAgracintAnirodharUpa dhyAna nahIM, kyoMki cittanirodharUpa dhyAna yadi itanA lambA sadha jAye to phira mukti hone meM vilamba hI nahIM hogA / ataH yaha nizcita hai ki uttama saMhanana vAle manuSyoM kA hI dhyAna antarmuhUrta taka raha sakatA hai / Agama vacana - cattAri jhANA paNNattA, taM jahA For Personal & Private Use Only

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438 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 29-30 aTTejhANe, roddejhANe, dhammejhANe suvke jhANe - bhagavatI, za. 25, u. 7, sUtra 237 dhyAna cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM - (1) ArtadhyAna (2) raudradhyAna (3) dharmadhyAna aura (4) zukladhyAna / dhyAna ke bheda - AdaraudradharmazuklAni / 29 / . (dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM - (1) ArtadhyAna (2) raudradhyAna (3) dharmadhyAna aura (4) zukladhyAna / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM cAra prakAra ke dhyAna batAye hai aura unake nAma bhI ginAye haiM- Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla / - 'arti' zabda kA artha cintA, pIr3A, zoka, duHkha, kaSTa Adi hai / inake sambandha se jo dhyAna hotA hai, vaha ArtadhyAna hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kaSAyoM se atiraMjita jIva ke krUra bhAva raudra hai aura inase sambandhita tathA inameM harSita hone vAlI citta kI vRtti raudradhyAna kahalAtI hai / citta (mana) kI jisa vRtti meM zuddha dharma kI bhAvanA kA viccheda na pAya jAya, vaha dharmadhyAna hai / jisa cittavRtti ke dvArA kaSAyoM kA, karmoM kI kSaya ho, saMsAra kA nAza ho, caturgati me paribhramaNa samApta ho aisI AtmapariNati zukla dhyAna hai / Agama vacana - dhammusukkAiM jhANAiM jhANaM taM tu buhA vae / - uttarA, 30/35 (dharma aura zukla dhyAna ko buddhoM ne dhyAna kahA hai|) prazasta aura aprazasta dhyAna - pare mokSahetu : / 30 / para arthAt anta ke do dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hai| vivecana -anta ke do dhyAna hai- dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna / yaha donoM dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hai / - isa sUtra se yaha svayameva phalita hotA hai ki prArambha ke do dhyAna Arta aura raudradhyAna saMsAra ke hetu-saMsAra bar3hAne vAle haiM / Agama vacana aTTe jhANe cauvivhe paNNatte, taM jahA For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 439 amaNunnasaMpaogasaMpatte tassa vippaoga sati samannAgae yAvi bhavai / bhagavatI, za. 25, u. 7, sUtra 238 karanA / - ( ArtadhyAna cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai, yathA (1) aniSTa athavA apriya ( vyakti vastu Adi) se saMyoga hone para usake viyoga ke lie bAra-bAra cintA karanA / (2) iSTa kA saMyoga hone para usakA viyoga na hone kI bAra-bAra cintA (3) duHkha yA kaSTa Anepara usake dUra hone kI bAra-bAra cintA karanA / (4) anubhava kiye athavA bhoge hue kAma - bhogoM ke viyoga na hone kI vAMchA karanA aura usakA vicAra karate rahanA / uttama samAdhi kI prApti sAtaveM . ( apramattasaMyata) guNasthAna meM hotI hai| ataH yaha svayaM hI siddha ho gayA ki ArtadhyAna sAtaveM guNasthAna se pahalepahale arthAt chaThaveM pramattasaMyata guNasthAna taka hotA hai| ArtadhyAna ke bheda aura unakI saMbhAvyatA ArtamamanojJAnAM samprayoge tadviprayogAya smRtisamanvAhAraH / 31 / vedanAyAzca / 32 / viparItaM manojJAnAm / 33 / nidAnaM ca / 34 / tadaviratadezaviratapramattasaMyatAnAm / 35 / (1) amanojJa (apriya-aniSTa vastu / vyakti Adi) kA saMyoga ho jAne para usake dUra karane kA satata vicAra karate rahanA / (2) vedanA, pIr3A, kaSTa, Adi honepara 'yaha kaise dUra ho' aisI satata cintA / (3) priya athavA iSTa padArthoM / vyaktiyoM kA viyoga na ho aisI satata cintA / (4) aprApta ( kAma - bhogoM) kI saMkalpapUrvaka cintA (nidAna) ki yaha mujhe prApta hoM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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440 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 31-35 yaha ArtadhyAna avirata, dezavirata aura pramattasaMyata guNasthAna vAloM ke hotA hai| vivecana - prastuta sUtra 31 se 34 taka ke cAra sUtroM meM ArtadhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM aura sUtra 35 meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ArtadhyAna kina jIvoM (prANiyoM) ko hotA hai| avirata, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata kA artha avirata kA artha yahA~ avirata samyagdRSTi mAtra nahIM hai, apita mithyAtva, sAsAdana, mizra aura avirata samyagdRSTi ina cAra guNasthAnavAle jIvoM se hai| dezavirata kA abhiprAya aNuvratI (gRhastha ) aura pramattasaMyata (chaThaveM guNasthAnadhArI sarvavirata zramaNa sAdhu-sAdhvI hote haiM / - -- isakA abhiprAya yaha hai samyagdarzana kI prApti se pUrva ke sabhI jIvoM ko to ArtadhyAna hI rahatA hai aura Age ke guNasthAnoM meM yAnI avirata samyagdRSTi, aNuvratI, gRhastha tathA sarvavratI sAdhu ko bhI yaha ho sakatA hai| 'ho sakatA hai' athavA 'saMbhava hai' yaha kahane kA hamArA abhiprAya yaha hai ki samyagdarzana kI prApti ke sAtha hI jIva meM dharmadhyAna kA sparza ho jAtA hai| mAna lIjie eka gRhastha zrAvaka sAmAyika meM baiThA hai, yA mAlA japa rahA hai athavA koI anya dhArmika kriyA kara rahA hai, usa samaya yadyapi usakA cauthA athavA pA~cavA~ guNasthAna hI hai phira bhI vahA~ ArtadhyAna nahIM hai, dharmadhyAna hI hai / isI prakAra pramattasaMyata sarvavirata sAdhu yatanApUrvaka mArga zodhakara gamana Adi kriyA kara rahA hai to use bhI dharmadhyAna hai| hA~, jaba kabhI ina tInoM guNasthAna (samyagdRSTi, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata ) vAle jIvoM kI cittavRtti amanojJa ko dUra karane Adi kI ora calI jAya to inako ArtadhyAna bhI hotA hai| yahA~ itanA avazya hai ki samyagdRSTi aura aNuvratI sAdhaka ko sAMsArika- pArivArika kartavyoM ko pUrA karate rahane ke kAraNa tathA dehAsakti se pUrNatayA virakti evaM parigraha kA saMpUrNa tyAga na hone ke kAraNa ArtadhyAna adhika hotA hai; jabaki saMpUrNa tyAgI zramaNa ko bahuta kama / inameM bhI aNuvratI aura sarvavratI sAdhaka ko 'nidAna' ke atirikta tIna prakAra kA ArtadhyAna hI saMbhava hai| isakA karANa yaha hai ki 'nidAna' ( AgAmI janma meM kAma-bhogoM kA athavA kisI se badalA lene kA dRr3ha For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 441 saMkalpa Adi) karate hI sAdhu ke ahiMsA, parigraha Adi pA~coM yA eka-do mahAvrata dUSita ho jAte haiM / phira sAtaveM adhyayana ke sUtra 13 ke vivecana meM spaSTa kaha diyA hai ki mAyA, mithyA aura nidAna-ina tIna zalyoM vAlA jIva vratI ho hI nahIM sakatA (niHzalyo vratI) / isase spaSTa hai ki nidAna ArtadhyAna vratI zrAvaka ko bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / ArtadhyAna ke cAra bhedoM kA saMkSipta sAra yaha hai - (1) aniSTasaMyoga -apriya vastu-vyakti kA saMyoga hone para usake viyoga kI cintA karate rahanA aura vartanAma meM aniSTa kA saMyoga na ho to bhI yaha socate rahanA ki kahIM mujhe aniSTa kA saMyoga na ho jAya / (2) iSTaviyoga - iSTa-priya kA viyoga hone para dukhI honA, cintA karanA tathA iSTa viyoga kI saMbhAvanA kI hI cintA karate rahanA ki merI priya strI, dhana Adi kA yA priya ziSya Adi kA viyoga na ho jAe / (3) vedanA -mAnasika athavA zArIrika pIr3A hone para usake upazamana kI cintA karate rahanA athavA kisI prakAra kI pIr3A na ho jAya aisI cintA karanA / (4) nidAna - AgAmI janma meM athavA bhaviSya meM kAma-bhogoM kI tIvra lAlasA mana meM rakhakara unakI prApti kI saMkalpapUrNa cintA / ataH ArtadhyAna vartamAna sambandhI to hotA hI; kintu bhaviSya kI AzaMkA-kuzaMkAoM ke anavarata vicAra ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai| zarIra aura sAMsArika bhogoM Adi ke viSaya meM hone se yaha saMsAra bar3hAne vAlA hai, ataH ise durdhyAna kahA gayA hai / Agama vacana - roddajjhANe cauvvihe paNNatte, taM jahAhiMsANubaMdhI mosANubaMdhI teyANubaMdhI sArakkhaNANubaMdhI / - bhagavatI, za. 25, u. 7, sUtra 240 jhANANaM ca duyaM tahA je bhikkhU vajaI nicaM / -uttarA. 31/6 (raudradhyAna cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- (1) hiMsAnubaMdhI (2) mRSAnubaMdhI (3) steyAnubaMdhI (4) saMrakSaNAnubandhI / (ina donoM dhyAnoM (Arta aura raudradhyAna) ko sAdhu sadA chor3atA hai, varjita karatA hai / ) ((isase yaha pragaTa hai ki yaha dhyAna (raudradhyAna) sAdhu ko nahIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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442 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 36 hotA / ataH yaha svayaM siddha ho gayA ki raudradhyAna pA~caveM dezavirata guNasthAna vAle jIvoM taka hI hotA hai / ) raudradhyAna ke bheda aura usakI saMbhAvyatA - hiMsA'nRtatasteyAviSayasaMrakSaNebhyoM raudramaviratadezaviratayoH / 36 / (1) hiMsA (2) anRta (3) steya aura (4) (viSaya) saMrakSaNa - ina cAra kI apekSA se raudradhyAna cAra prakAra kA hai tathA yaha avirata aura dezavirata (jIvoM) meM hotA hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM raudradhyAna ke bheda aura yaha dhyAna kina guNasthAna vAle jIvoM ko ho sakatA hai, yaha batAyA hai / raudra dhyAna ke cAra bhedoM ke nAma aura lakSaNa isa prakAra hai- (1) hiMsAnubandhI - prANiyoM ko mArane-pITane, trAsa dene, vadha karane, bandhana meM DAlane Adi kA vicAra karanA / (2) mRSAnubandhI - jhUTha bolane, vAgjAla meM pha~sAkara ThagI karane, apriya-kaThora aura para ko saMtApita karane vAle mithyAvacanoM kA prayoga aura vaisA vicAra karanA / (3) cauryAnubandhI - caurI, lUTa-khasoTa Adi ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karanA / (4) saMrakSaNAnubandhI - dhana-dhAnyAdi parigraha kI surakSA ke lie vyAkula rahanA, unakI surakSA kI cintA karate rahanA / __ 'anubandhana zabda jo raudradhyAna ke cAroM bhedoM meM AyA hai, isakA abhiprAya hai- Atma-pariNAmoM kI hiMsA Adi pApoM meM atizaya lavalInatA, eka prakAra kA vizeSa gaThabandhana jo sadA hI jIva ke bhAvoM ko sAtha lagA rhe| raudradhyAnI jIva ke lakSaNa - raudradhyAnI jIva ko na pApa se Dara lagatA hai aura nahI use paraloka kI cintA hotI hai, vaha to hiMsA Adi pApoM meM harSa mAnatA, hai, anukampA kA to usake hRdaya meM sthAna hI nahIM hotaa| aisA vyakti ghora svArthI hotA hai aura pApoM meM-parigraha meM racA-pacA rahatA hai| sUtra meM jo raudradhyAna kI saMbhAvyatA pA~caveM dezavirata guNasthAna taka batAI hai to dezavirata guNasthAna vAle jIva ko yaha kadAcit hotA hai, avirata samyaktvI ko bhI kabhI-kabhI hI saMbhava hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki raudradhyAna narakAyu kA kAraNa hai| aura kyoMki cauthe-pAMcaveM guNasthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 443 vAle jIva narakAyu bA~dhate hI nahIM, isalie raudradhyAna aise jIvoM ko hotA bhI hai to adhika tIvra nahIM hotA aura adhika samaya taka ThaharatA bhI nahIM / aise jIva apane pariNAmoM ko zIghra hI sambhAla lete haiM / pahale se tIsare guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM ko to yaha hotA hI rahatA hai| vizeSa - yahA~ tapa kA varNana cala rahA hai aura Arta tathA raudra donoM hI dhyAna aprazasta hai, tyAjya haiM, heya haiM, ye tapa to trikAla meM bhI nahIM hai| kintu phira bhI inakA varNana sUtrakAra ne isa dRSTi se kiyA pratIta hotA hai ki inheM jAnanA cAhie aura jAnakara tyAga denA cAhie, inakA AcaraNa (Arta-raudra dhyAna kA) to kabhI bhI nahIM karanA cAhie / yaha bAta uttarAdhyayana ke uddharaNa se spaSTa saMketita hai / Agama vacana dhamme jhANe cauvihe (cauppaDovayAre) paNNatte taM jahAANAvijae avAyavijae vivAgavijae saMThANavijae / - bhagavatI, zu. 25, u. 7 sUtra (dharmadhyAna cAra prakAra kA tathA catuSpratyavatAra' kahA gayA hai - (1) AjJAvicaya (2) apAyavicaya (3) vipAkavicaya aura (4) saMsthAnavicaya / yaha dharmadhyAna cauthe asaMyata, pA~caveM dezasaMyata, chaThe pramattasaMyata aura sAtaveM apramatasaMyata - ina cAra guNasthAnoM meM hotA hai|) dharmadhyAna ke bheda aura saMbhAvyatA - AjJApAyavipAka saMsthAnavicayAya dharmamapramattasaMyatasya / 37 / upazAntakSINakaSAyayozca / 38 / (1) AjJA (2) apAya (3) vipAka aura (4) saMsthAna-inake vicAra karane ke lie citta ko ekAgra - sthira karanA dharmadhyAna hai / yaha dharmadhyAna apramattasayata ko. hotA hai| (yaha dharmadhyAna) upazAntakaSAya aura kSINakaSAya guNasthAna vAle jIvoM ko bhI sambhava hai / vivecana - vicaya kA artha vicAraNA, gaharI vicAraNA, satata vicAraNA hai, yaha cintana bhI hai| sUtra meM Aye hue AjJA Adi zabdoM ke sAtha vicaya kA yojana karane para dharmadhyAna ke cAroM bhedoM ke nAma banate haiM - (1) 1. catuSpratyavatAra kA artha hai, bheda, lakSaNa, Alambana aura anaprekSA se cAra pada vAlA jisakA varNana Age kiyA gayA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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444 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 37-38 AjJAvicaya (2) apAyavicaya (3) vipAkavicaya aura (5) saMsthAnavicaya / inakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai (1) AjJAvicaya - kisI sUkSma viSaya meM apanI matimandatA tathA yogya upadezadAtA ke abhAva meM spaSTa nirNaya kI sthiti na bana sake, usa samaya vItarAga bhagavAna kI AjJA ko pramANa mAnakara vaha kaisI aura kisa prakAra kI ho sakatI hai, isa viSaya meM cintana karanA AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna hai| ... (2) doSoM ke svarUpa aura unase trANa pAne hetu cintana apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| apAya doSo ko kahA jAtA hai| (3) vipAka- karmoM kI anubhAva zakti kA vicAra, kisa karma kA kaisA zubha yA azubha vipAka hotA hai, una karmoM kI phaladAyinI zakti kA cintana vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai / . (4) saMsthAna kA abhiprAya AkAra hai| saMsthAnavicayadharmadhyAna meM jIva loka ke AkAra, usakI racanA Adi viSaya kA cintana karatA hai| yaha dharmadhyAna apramattasaMyata sAtaveM guNasthAna vAle sAdhuoM ko hotA hai aura upazAntakaSAya tathA kSINakaSAya-gyArahave-bArahaveM guNasthAna vAloM ko bhI sambhava hai, arthAt ina guNasthAnoM meM bhI ho sakatA hai / / sthiti yaha hai ki dharmadhyAna kI bhUmikA cauthe avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna se banatI hai, usase Upara ke sAtaveM guNasthAna taka to dharmadhyAna hai hI (yadyapi pA~cave guNasthAna taka raudra dhyAna kI aura chaThaveM taka ArtadhyAna kI sambhAvanA hai, kintu sAtaveM guNasthAna meM sirpha dharmadhyAna hI hai, donoM aprazasta dhyAnoM meM se eka bhI nahIM hai) aura gyArahaveM, bArahaveM guNasthAna meM bhI dharmadhyAna sambhava hai, vahA~ bhI yaha dhyAna ho sakatA hai| kintu samyaktva se nIce arthAt pahale mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna se lekara tIsera mizradRSTi guNasthAna taka dharmadhyAna svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zAstroM meM dharmadhyAna usI ko mAnA gayA hai, jo jIva ko mukti-prApti meM sahAyaka ho , aura mukti kI ora jIva ke kadama samyaktva prApta hone para hI bar3ha sakate hai / ataH samyaktvI hI dharmadhyAna kA adhikArI mithyAdRSTi Adi ke jo kaSAya-alpatA, tapa-japa Adi hote haiM, ve puNya ke- svarga-prApti ke, zarIra aura sAMsArika sukhoM ke kAraNa to banate haiM, kintu mukti ke-Atmika sukha ke kAraNa nahIM banate hai| dharmadhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa hai - (1) AjJAruci (2) sUtra ruci (nisarga) For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 445 ruci aura (4) avagAr3ha (upadeza) ruci / (inakA vivecana samyaktva ke prasaMga meM ho cukA hai| dharmadhyAna ke cAra avalambana hai - (1) vAcanA (2) pracchanA (3) parivartanA aura (4) dharmakathA / (inakA svarUpa svAdhyAya tapa ke bhedoM meM samajhAyA jA cukA hai / ) dharmadhyAna kI cAra bhAvanAe haiM - (1) ekatvAnuprekSA (2) anityAnuprekSA (3) azaraNAnuprekSA aura (4) saMsArAnupekSA / (inakA vivecana isI adhyAya ke sUtra saMkhyA 7 ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai / ina AlambanoM, anuprekSAoM Adi se dharmadhyAna meM sthiratA aura dRr3hatA kA samAveza hotA hai| Agama vacana sahamasaMparAyasarAgacarittAriyA ya jAva ... khINakasAyavIyarAyacarittAriyA ya / sUkSmasaMparAya sarAga cAritra vAle Arya, bAdarasaMparAya sarAgacAritra vAle Arya, upazAMtakaSAya vItarAga caritra vAle Arya aura kSINakaSAya vItarAgacAritra vAle Arya (inake pRthaktvavitarka aura ekatvavitarka nAma ke do zukla dhyAna hote haiM / ) . sajogikevalikhINakasAyacarittAriyA ya ajIgikevalikhINakasAya vIyarAyacarittAriyA ya / - prajJApanA pada 1, cAritrAryaviSaya (sayogikevalivItarAgacAritra vAle AryoM ke aura ayogi kevali-kSINa kaSAyavItarAgacAritra vAle AryoM ke (sUkSmakriyApratipAtI aura vyuparata kriyAnivRtti nAma ke do zukladhyAna hote haiM / ) - sukke jANe cauvihe cauppaDovayAre paNNatte; taM jahA puhuttavitavake saviyArI 1, egattavitavake aviyArI 2, . suhumakirite aNiyaTTI 3, samucchinnakirie appaDivAtI 4 / . - bhagavatI, za. 25, u. 7, sUtra 246 (zukladhyAna ke cAra bheda (tathA cAra pada) hote haiM - (1) pRthaktva vitarka savicArI , (2) ekatvavitarka avicArI, (3) sUkSmakriyA anivRtti athavA sUkSmakriyApratipAtI aura (4) samucchinnakriyA apratipAtI athavA vyuparatakriyAnivRtti / ) (jo eka dravya meM pUrvagatazruta ke anusAra aneka nayoM ke dvArA utpAda, vyava, dhrauvya Adi paryAyoM kA vicAra sahita artha, vyaMjana aura yoga kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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446 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 39-46 antara (palaTanA athavA saMkrAMti) hai use pRthaktvavitarka savicAra nAma kA prathama zukladhyAna kahate haiM / yaha rAga rahita bhAva vAle muniyoM ke hotA hai||1-2|| jo utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya Adi bhaMgoM meM se eka paryAya maM artha, vyaMjana aura yoga ke antara ke vicArarahita nirvAta sthAna meM dIpaka ke samAna niSkaMpa rahatA hai vaha pUrvagata zrutAlambana rUpa ekatvavitarka avicAra nAma kA dvitIya zukladhyAna hai // 3-4 // __ - sthAnAMgasUtravRtti, sthA. 4, u. 1, sUtra 247 zukladhyAna - svarUpa, lakSaNa, bheda aura adhikArIzukle cAdye pUrvavidaH / 39 / pare kevalinaH / 40 / pRthaktvaikatvavitarka sUkSmakri yApratipAtivyuparatakriyAnivRttIni / 41 / tattryekakAyayogAyogAnAm / / 2 / ekAzraye savitarke pUrve / / 3 / avicAraM dvitIyam / / 4 / vitarka : zrutam / 45 / vicAro'rthavyaMjana yogasaMkrAMtiH / 46 / prArambha ke do (pRthaktvavitarka savicAra aura ekatvavitarka avicAra) zukladhyAna pUrva ke jJAtA ko hote haiM / agale do (sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI aura vyuparatakriyA nivRtti) zukla dhyAna kevalI bhagavAna (sayogikevalI aura ayogikevalI ) ko hote hai| zukladhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM - (1) pRthaktvavitarka savicAra (2) ekatvavitarka avicAra (3) sUkSmakriyApratipAti aura (4) vyutparatakriyA nivRtti| vaha zukladhyAna (bhedoM ke anusAra krama se) tIna yoga vAle, tIna meM se kisI eka yoga vAle, kAyayoga vAle aura ayogi (yoga rahita ) ko hotA pahale ke do (zukladhyAna) ekAzrita aura savitarka hote hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 447 dUsarA dhyAna avicAra hai / vitarka zruta hotA hai| artha, vyaMjana aura yogoM kI saMkrAMti (saMkramaNa-palaTanA) vicAra hai / vivecana- ukta sUtra 39 se 46 taka meM zukladhyAna ke svAmI (adhikArI), bheda, lakSaNa aura svarUpa kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| pUrvavida zabda kA abhiprAya - jaina paramparA meM 14 pUrva mAne gaye haiM aura ye sabhI pUrva 12veM aMga dRSTivAda ke antargata hai tathA inameM vizAla jJAnarAzi saMcita hai / 'pUrvavida' se abhiprAya ina pUrvo ke jJAtA se mAnA jAtA hai / kintu sabhI sAdhaka aise viziSTa medhAvI nahIM hote ki ve pUrvo meM saMcita sampUrNa jJAnarAzi ko hRdayagaMma kara sakeM / taba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki jo pUrva ke jJAtA nahIM hai, unako zukladhyAna ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jo pUrvavid nahIM hai aura aMgoM ke jJAtA haiM, unheM gyArahaveM-bArahaveM guNasthAna meM bhI dharmadhyAna hI hotA hai| kintu isa sAmAnya niyama ke apavAda marudevI mAtA Adi hai, jinhe pUrvo kA jJAna to kyA, aMgoM kA bhI jJAna nahIM thA, phira bhI ve mukta hue aura kyoMki kaivalya tathA mukti prApti ke lie zukladhyAna anivArya hai, ataH unhe zukladhyAna bhI avazya huA / __ ataH sUtrokta 'pUrvavid' zabda kA prasaMgopAtta artha pUrva ke jJAtA' athavA 'pUrvAzrita zruta ke jJAtA' yA 'pUrvAnusArI zruta ke jJAtA' kiyA jAnA ucita pratIta hotA hai / sthAnAMga sUtravRtti ke uddharaNa meM 'puvvagayasuyANusAreNaM' Agata ina zabdoM se bhI yahI bhAva dhvanita ho rahA hai / 'ekAzraye' zabda kA artha - sUtra 43 meM Aye hue 'ekAzraye' zabda kA abhiprAya Agama uddhRta gAthA (1) meM prayukta 'jamegadavvaMmi' zabda ke sandarbha meM grahaNa karanA cAhie ki eka (kisI) dravya ke Azraya se athavA Alambana se pahalA aura dUsarA zukladhyAna hotA hai| guNasthAnoM kI dRSTi se pahale do zukladyAna sUkSmasaMparAya, bAdara saMparAya, upazAMtakaSAya aura kSINakaSAya guNasthAna vAloM ke hote haiM / zukla dhyAna kI tIsarA aura cauthA bheda kevalI bhagavAna ko hote haiM / yogoM kI dRSTi se prathama zukladhyAna pRthaktvavitarka savicAra meM tInoM yogoM (mana-vacana-kAyayoga) kA avalambana hotA hai, dUsare ekatva vitarka avicAra meM tInoM yogoM meM se kisI eka yoga kA, tIsare sUkSma For Personal & Private Use Only

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448 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 39-46 kriyA'pratipAti meM kAyayoga kA avalambana hotA hai aura cauthA zukladhyAna vyuparatakriyA'nivRtti meM kisI bhI yoga kA avalambana nahIM hotA, yaha ayogikevali jina ko hotA hai| zukladhyAna ke cAroM bhedoM kA saMkSipta svarUpa isa prakAra hai (1) pRthaktvavitarkasavicAra - pUrvAnusArI zruta kA avalambana lekara tathA kisI eka dravya ko dhyAna kA viSaya banAkara usameM utpAda-vyayadhrauvyavarUpa bhagoM ko tathA mUrtatva amUrtatva paryAyoM para aneka nayoM kI apekSA bhedapradhAna cintana karatA huA eka paryAya se dUsarI paryAya para, eka artha se dUsare artha para, manoyago se vacana yoga para, vacanayoga se manoyoga athavA kAyayoga para, isa prakAra cittavRtti kA parivartana, palaTanA, badalanA Adi rUpa dhyAna prathama zukladhyAna hai / / eka paryAya se dUsarI paryAya para cittavRtti kA gamana arthasaMkrAMti hai| zruta ke kisI bhI eka zabda se dUsare zabda para cittavRtti kA parivartana vyaMjanasaMkrAMti hai / mana-vacana-kAya ke yogoM para paraspara eka-dUsare-tIsare para citta kI vRtti kA gamana athavA parivartana yogasaMkrAMti hai| isa prakAra se mana kI vRtti kA badalate rahanA, vicAra kahalAtA hai| vitarka zruta jJAna ko kahA jAtA hai| prathama zukladhyAna meM vitarka aura vicAra donoM hI hote haiM aura inameM cittavRtti parivartita hotI rahatI hai| (2) ekatvavitarka avicAra - zukladhyAna ke isa dUsare bheda meM vitarka yAnI zruta kA Alambana to hotA hai; kintu vicAra yAni cittavRtti meM parivartana (palaTanA) nahIM hotA / kisI bhI eka paryAya para cittavRtti niSkaMpa dIpazikhA ke samAna sthira ho jAtI hai| (ataH mana nizcala aura zAMta bana jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa karmoM ke AvaraNa zIghra hI dUra hokara arihaMtadazA pragaTa hotI hai| eka hI dhyeya para cittavRtti ke sthira rahane ke kAraNa ise ekatva vitarka zukladhyAna kahA gayA hai / isameM citta kI vRtti abhedapradhAna hotI hai| (3) sUkSamakriyA'pratipAti - jaba kevalI bhagavAna sUkSmakAyayoga kA avalambana lekara zeSa yogoM kA nirodha kara dete hai, taba zvAsocchvAsa kI sUkSmakriyA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai| usa samaya kI Atma-pariNati kA nAma sUkSmakriyAapratipAtI diyA gayA hai| apratipAti isalie ki vahAM se phira patana nahIM hotA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 449 antarmuhUrta Ayu zeSa rahane para yaha dhyAna hotA hai| (4) vyuparata kriyA'nivRtti - jaba sarvajJa bhagavAna zvAsocchvAsa kA bhI nirodha karake ayogi bana jAte haiM, taba unake Atma-pariNAma niSkampa ho jAte haiM, yAnI yogajanya caMcalatA nahIM rahatI, ve zailezI dazA ko prApta ho jAte haiM / usa samaya kI Atma-pradezoM tathA Atma-pariNati ko vyuparata kriyA'nivRtti zukladhyAna kahA gayA hai| isa dhyAna kI dazA meM karmoM kA samUla nAza ho jAtA hai aura parama zuddha AtmA siddhAlaya para jA virAjatI hai| arihaMta bhagavAna siddha bana jAte hai| zukladhyAnake isa tIsare aura cauthe bheda meM vitarka yAnI zruta ke Alambana kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI; sirpha pahale aura dUsare zukladhyAna meM hI zruta kA Alambana Avazyaka haiM / zukladhyAna ke cAra liMga - liMga, cinha athavA lakSaNa - yaha tInoM zabda ekArthavAcI hai / jina cinhoM ke AdhAra para zukladyAnI jIva ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai, ve cAra yaha hai - (1) avyatha - upasargoM-ghorAtighora upasargoM meM bhI Atmasthiti svAtmabhAva se vicalita na honA / (2) asammoha - sUkSmAtisUkSma tattvoM me bhI bhrAMtacitta na honA aura devAdikRta mAyA, indrajAla Adi se bhI sammohita na honA / (3) viveka - AtmA aura zarIra Adi kA dRDha bhedavijJAna, sarvasaMyogoM ko AtmA se bhinna samajhanA, heya-jJeya-upAdeya kA vAstavika aura vivekapUrNa nizcala jJAna honA / (4) vyutarga - * vyutsarga kA artha niHsaMgatA athavA asaMgatA hai / deha aura anya sabhI prakAra kI upadhi, upakaraNa Adi kA nissAMtA rUpa tyAga / zukladhyAna ke cAra avalaMbana - zukladhyAna mohakSamahala kA antima sopAna hai / isa sopAna taka pahuMcane ke lie cAra avalambana batAye gaye hai (1) kSamA - krodha ke nimitta milane para bhI krodha na karanA tathA udaya meM Aye hue krodha ke Avega ko bhI niSphala kara denA, citta me tanika bhI kSobha kA praveza na hone denA, uttama kSamA se sarAbora rahanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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450 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 39-46 __(2) mArdava - mAnavijetA bana jAnA, udaya meM Aye mAna ko niSphala kara denA, mana-mastiSka meM mAna sambandhI vicAra bhI na Ane denA / / (3) Arjava - Arjava kA artha RtujA athavA saralatA hai / zukladhyAnI jIva ke mana-vacana-kAya tInoM yoga atyanta sarala hote hai| (4) mukti- mukti kA artha yahA~ lobha kA abhAva hai / zukladhyAnI jIva lobhavijetA hotA hai| usake mana meM lobha ke vicAra nahIM hote / ina cAra avalambanoM se zukladhyAna meM jIva pragati karatA hai| zukladhyAna kI cAra bhAvanAe~ - bhAvanA athavA anuprekSA eka hI artha ko dhotita karatI haiM / apane caMcala mana ko sthira karane ke lie zukladhyAna kA sAdhaka cAra anuprekSAoM kA cintana-manana karatA hai (1) anantavartita-anuprekSA - anantabhava paramparA kA cintanamanana / arthAt yaha cintana karanA ki maine isa saMsAra me ananta bAra janmaramaraNa kiyA hai, ananta bAra paribhramaNa kiyA hai / / (2) vipariNAmAnuprekSA - vastuoM ke pariNamanazIla svabhAva para cintana karanA ki sabhI vastue~ parivartanazIla hai, zubha azubha meM pariNata ho jAtI haiM aura azubha zubha meM / sabhI vastue~ na grahaNa karane yogya haiM, na chor3ane yogya arthAt aheyopAdeya hai / isa bhAvanA ke prabhAva se sAdhaka meM anAsakti bhAva dRr3ha ho jAtA hai| (3) azubhAnuprekSA- saMsAra ke azubha svabhAva para cintana-manana karanA / - isa bhAvanA ke prabhAva se nirveda bhAva dRr3ha hotA hai| ) (4) apAyAnuprekSA - apAya doSa ko kahA jAtA hai / karmabaMdhana ke duHkhadAyI svabhAva para gaharAI se cintana karanA / isa bhAvanA ke prabhAva se sAdhaka AtmabhAva meM tallIna hotA hai / ina cAroM anuprekSAoM ke cintana-manana se sAdhaka kA caMcala mana sthira ho jAtA hai, usakI cittavRttiyA~ antarmukhI bana jAtI hai, mana meM vairAgya dRr3ha ho jAtA hai, AtmalInatA bar3ha jAtI hai| isa sabhI tapoM (bAhya aura Abhyantara tapa) se saMvara bhI hotA hai| aura nirjarA bhI hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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Abhyantara tapa (ka) 1. prAyazcitta tapa 2. vinaya tapa 3 vaiyAvRtya 4. svAdhyAya 5. vyutsarga dravya vyutsarga bhAvavyutsarga For Personal & Private Use Only AlocanAyogya pratikramaNayogya tadubhayayogya vivekayogya vyutsargayogya tapayogya chedayogya mUlayogya (parihArayogya) upasthApanayogya (anavasthAyogya) pArAMcita jJAnavinaya darzanavinaya cAritravinaya lokopacAravinaya manavinaya vacanavinaya kAlavinaya AcArya kI vaiyAvRtya upAdhyaya tapasvI zaikSa / glAna gaNa kula saMgha sAdhu (sthavira) manojJa vAcanA pracchanA anuprekSA AmnAya (pariyaTTaNA) dharmopadeza (dharmakathA) zarIravyutsarga gaNavyutsarga upadhivyutsarga bhaktapAnavyutsarga kaSAyavyutsarga saMsAra " karma " saMvara tathA nirjarA 451

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For Personal & Private Use Only 1 ArtadhyAna 1 amanojJa (aniSTa) saMyoga manojJa (iSTa) viyoga vedanA (pIr3A ) cintavana nidAna bandha Abhyantara tapa (kha) 2 raudradhyAna I hiMsAnubaMdhI mRSAnubaMdhI syAnubandhI viSayasaMrakSaNAnubaMdhI dhyAna 3 dharmadhyAna 1 AjJAvicaya apAyavicaya vipAkavicaya saMsthAnavicaya cAra lakSaNa AjJAruci sUci nisargaci avagar3haci 4 zukladhyAna 1 pRthaktvavitarka savicAra ekatvavitarka avicAra sUkSmakriyA'pratipAtI vyuparatakriyA'nivRtti cAra lakSaNa avyatha asammoha viveka vyutsarga 452 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 39-46

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cAra avalambana - pAcanA cAra avalambana - kSamA mArdava Arjava For Personal & Private Use Only pracchanA parivartanA dharmakathA cAra anuprekSAekatva anuprekSA anitya " aMzaraNa " saMsAra mukti cAra anuprekSA anantavartita anuprekSA vipariNAmAnuprekSA azubhAnuprekSA apAyAnuprekSA saMvara tathA nirjarA 453

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454 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 47 Abhyantara tapo kA sAkSAt phala saMvara aura nirjarA hai tathA yaha nirvANa prApti meM pramukha sahAyaka haiM- inakA phala nirvANa athavA mokSa hai / ( tAlikA 451, 452, 453 dekheM) Agama vacana kammavisohimaggaNaM paDucca caudasa jIvaTThANA paNNattA, taM jahA - micchadiT ThI, sAsAyaNasammadiTThI, sammAmiccha diTh TI avirayasammaddit TI, virayAvirae, pamattasaMjae, appamattasaMjae, niaTTIbAyare, aniaTTibAyare, suhumasaMparAe, uvasAmae vA khavae vA uvasaMtamohe khINamohe sajogI kevalI ajogIkevalI / samavAyAMga, samavAya 14 ( karma vizuddhimArgaNA ( karmanirjarA) kI dRSTi se caudaha jIvasthAna hote haiM - (1) mithyAdRSTi (2) sAsvAdanasamyagdRSTi (3) samyagmithyAdRSTi (4) aviratasamyagdRSTi (5) viratAvirata ( dezavrata ke dhAraka - zrAvaka) (6) pramattasaMyata ( muni) (7) apramattasaMyata ( muni) (8) nivRttibAdara (9) anivRttibAdara (10) sUkSmasaMparAya upazamaka athavA kSapaka ( 11 ) - upazAMtamoha 912) kSINamoha (13) sayogikevalI (jina) aura (14) ayogikevalI (jina) inake krama se asaMkhyAta guNI nirjarA hotI hai) / karmanirjarA kA kramaH samyagdRSTizrAvaka viratAnantaviyojaka darzanamo hkSapakopazamako pazAMtamohakSapakakSINamohajinA : kramazo'saMkhyeyaguNanirjarAH ) / 47 / (1) (avirata ) samyagdRSTi (2) zrAvaka (aNuvratI gRhastha), (3) virata ( sarvatyAgI sAdhu - zramaNa) (4) anantaviyojaka (anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA visaMyojana karane vAle (5) darzanamoha kA kSaya karane vAle (6) darzana mohanIya kA upazamana karane vAle (7) upazAnta moha vAle (8) kSapaka (moha ko kSaya karane vAle) (9) kSINamoha (jinakA mohanIyakarma kSaya ho gayA hai) (10) jina (sarvajJa kevalI bhagavAna) ina dasa ke kramazaH asaMkhyAta guNI nirjarA hotI hai| vivecana prastuta adhyAya ke sUtra saMkhyA 3 meM kahA thA ki tapa se nirjarA hotI hai aba tapa ke varNana ke bAda prastuta sUtra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisako kitanI nirjarA hotI hai| prastuta sUtra apekSAbheda ke AdhAra para nirmita hai, isameM yaha batAyA - For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 455 gayA hai ki amuka kI apekSA amuka ko yAnI aviratasamyagdRSTi sAdhaka kI apekSA dezavirata yAnI aNuvratI zrAvaka ko asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA hotI hai aura yaha krama jina arthAt sarvajJa kevalI bhagavAna taka batAyA gayA hai ki inako pariNAma - vizuddhi kI apekSA kramazaH nirjarA bhI asaMkhyAtaguNI bar3hatI jAtI hai| sUtrokta ina dasa avasthAoM ko prApta jIvoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai (1) samyagdRSTi samyagdarzana prApta jIva / (2) zrAvaka ke kSayopazama se AMzika virati utpanna ho jAtI hai| (3) virata - sarvavirata sAdhu / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya kaSAya ke kSayopazama se inameM sarvavirati pragaTa ho jAtI hai| anantAnubandhI krodha-mAna- mAyA - lobha ke (4) anantaviyojaka visaMyojana meM saMlagna sAdhaka (5) darzanamohakSapaka (6) upazamaka ho cukA hai| meM saMlagna zramaNa sAdhu / (7) upazAMtamoha sAdhaka (8) kSapaka (9) kSINamoha (10) jina Agama vacana - snAtaka / - aNuvratI sAdhaka / inameM apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya - - - darzanamohanIya karma ke kSaya meM saMlagna sAdhaka mohanIya karma kI zeSa prakRtiyoM ke upazamana karane - - -- mohanIya karma kI zeSa prakRtiyoM ko kSaya karane saMlagna jisa sAdhaka kA mohakarma kSaya ho cukA hai| sarvajJa kevalI bhagavAna / aisA sAdhaka, jisakA mohanIya karma upazAMta paMca NiyaTThA paNNattAM, taM jahA pulAe bause kusIle NiyaMThe siNAe / (nirgrantha pA~ca prakAra ke kahe gaye hai (1) pulAka (2) bakuza (3) kuzIla (4) nirgrantha aura (5) lesA / paDi sevaNA NANe titthe liMga khette kAlagai saMjama bhagavatI, sa. 25, u. 5, sUtra 751 (( parisevanA ( pratisevanA), jJAna (zruta), tIrtha, liMga, kSetra (sthAna), kAla, gati (upapAda), saMyama aura lezyA (ke bhedoM se bhI vicAra kareM 1 ) ) - For Personal & Private Use Only ...

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456 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 48-49 zramaNoM ke bheda aura bhinnatA viSayaka vikalpa - pulAkabakuzakuzIlanirganthasnAtakA nirganthAH / 48 / saMyamazrutapratisevanAtIrthaliMgalezyopapAtasthAnavikalpataH sAdhyA / 49 / pA~ca prakAra ke nirgrantha zramaNa haiM - (1) pulAka (2) bakuza (3) kuzIla (4) nirgrantha aura (5) snAtaka / saMyama, zruta ,pratisevanA, tIrtha, liMga, lezyA, upapAta aura sthAna ke vikalpa se ina nirgranthoM kA vyAkhyAna karanA cAhie / vivecana -prastuta sUtra 48 meM nirgranthoM ke 5 prakAra batAye haiM aura sUtra 49 meM ina nirgranthoM se sambandhita anya bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nirgrantha zabda kA nirvacana - 'nirgrantha' zabda kA artha hotA haigranthi rahita / granthi gA~Tha ko kahate haiM / AdhyAtmika kSetra meM granthi athavA gA~Tha hotI hai- rAga kI, dveSa kI, moha kI, parigraha Adi kI / ataH nirgrantha kA artha huA - aisA sAdhaka jisa meM rAga-dveSa kI granthi na ho / yadyapi tAttvika dRSTi se nirgrantha kA yahI artha hai, kintu yaha Adarza sthiti hai / vyAvahArika dRSTi se vaha sAdhaka nirgrantha kahalAtA hai jo rAga dveSa kI granthiyoM ko tor3ane ke lie tatpara ho, usa Adarza sthiti taka pahuMcane ke lie satata prayatnazIla ho / - prastuta sUtra 48 meM jo pA~ca prakAra ke zramaNa batAye gaye haiM, uname se prathama tIna kI gaNanA vyavahAra nirgranthoM meM kI jA sakatI hai aura aMtima do kI gaNanA Adarza nirgranthoM meM saMkSepa meM, isa sUtra meM vyAvahArika aura Adarza donoM hI prakAra ke zramaNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ina pA~co prakAra ke nirgranthoM ko svarUpa isa prakAra hai (1) pulAka - ' pulAka eka prakAra ke tuccha dhAnya ko kahA jAtA hai| jo nimrantha mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM meM paripUrNa nahIM hai; kintu vItarAgapraNIta dharma se vicalita nahIM hotA hai, vaha pulAka nirgrantha kahA jAtA hai| (2) bakuza - yaha nirgrantha vratoM kA to bhalI prakAra pAlana karate haiM, kintu inake mana meM siddhi tathA kIrti kI abhilASA rahatI hai, sukhazIla hote haiM, sAtA aura gaurava ko dhAraNa karate, sasaMga hote haiM, tathA cheda For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 457 cAritra kI zabalatA se yukta hote haiM |inkii vizeSatA zarIra aura upakaraNoM kA saMskAra hai / isa AdhArapara inake do bheda haiM -(ka) upakaraNa bakuza aura (kha) zarIra bakuza / (ka) upakaraNa bakuza - jo nirgrantha apane, upakaraNoM ko vibhUSita karate hai aura (kha) zarIra bakuza -jo nirgrantha apane zarIra kA saMskAra zobhA, Adi karate haiM / vAstava meM yahA~ bakuza zabda zabala kA paryAyavAcI hai, jisakA artha hai- citra-vicitra / bakuza nirgrantha kA cAritra bhI citra-vicitra hotA hai / (3) kuzIla - yaha nirgrantha do prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) pratisevanA kuzIla (2) kaSAya kuzIla / (ka) pratisevanA kuzIla - yadyapi yaha nirgranthatA kA pAlana to akhaNDa rUpa se karate haiM, mUlaguNoM meM doSa nahIM lagAte; kintu inakI indriyA aniyata arthAt pUrNarUpa se vazavartI na hone se uttaraguNoM meM doSa lagA lete (kha) kaSAya suzIla - yaha nirgrantha yadyapi kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kara cuke hote hai; kintu phira bhI inheM saMjvalana kaSAya kA kabhI-kabhI tIvra Avega A jAtA hai| vaise yaha zramaNAcAra kA akhaNDa rUpa se pAlana karane vAle hote haiM / (4) nirgrantha - inakI rAga-dveSa kI granthiyA~ samAptaprAya hotI hai, kaSAyoM kA atyanta abhAva hotA hai aura antarmuhUrta meM inheM sarvajJatA prApta ho jAtI hai| . (5) snAtaka - sarvajJa kevalI bhagavAna ko snAtaka nirgrantha kahA gayA yadyapi ina pA~ca prakAra ke nirgranthoM meM cAritra kI taratamatA kI apekSA bheda hai kintu phira bhI naigama, saMgraha naya kI apekSA ye sabhI nirgrantha kahalAte hai / ina sabhI kI sAmAnya saMjJA 'nirgrantha' hai / aba ina pA~coM prakAra ke nirgrantho kI saMyama, zruta Adi ATha vivakSAoM se vizeSatAoM kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai (1) saMyama - pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla nirgrantha sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA-ina do saMyamoM meM rahate haiM / ina do saMyamoM ke atirikta kaSAyakuzIla ko parihAravizuddhi aura sUkSmasaMparAya-yaha do saMyama aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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458 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 48-49 hote haiM, yAnI inake cAra saMyama hote haiM / nirgrantha aura snAtaka sirpha eka yathAkhyAta saMyama vAle hote haiM / vizeSa - yahA~ 'saMyama' ko cAritra kA paryAya mAna liyA gayA hai / kyoMki sUtrakAra svayaM isI adhyAya ke sUtra 18 meM sAmAyika Adi ko cAritra kaha cuke haiM / (2) zruta - zruta kA abhiprAya jJAna hai| isake lakSaNa aura bheda prathama adhyAya meM batAye jA cuke haiM / pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla adhika se adhika abhinnAkSara dazapUrva ke jJAtA hote haiM aura kaSAya kuzIla tathA nirgrantha caudaha pUrva ke / pulAka kama se kama AcAra prakalpa pUrva (naveM pUrva) ke tIsare prakaraNa AcAra vastu ke jJAtA hote haiM tathA bakuza, kuzIla aura nirgrantha kama se kama ATha pravacana mAtA (tIna gupti aura pA~ca samiti) ke jJAtA hote haiM / snAtaka to zrutAtIta hote hI hai; kyoMki ve sarvajJa hote hai| (3) pratisevanA - pratisevanA kA abhiprAya virAdhanA athavA doSasevana hai / isakA yahA~ abhiprAya vrato meM doSa lagAne se hai / yadyapi sAdhu ko ahiMsA Adi pA~ca mUla guNa aura chaThA rAtribhojanaviramaNa vrata akhaNDita rakhanA cAhie kintu kisI anya ke abhiyoga yA dabAva se pulAka unameM bhI doSa lagA letA hai, yathA-mUla guNoM meM doSasevana kara le athavA rAtri bhojana kara le / upakaraNa-bakuza upakaraNoM ke saMskAra-sajjA tathA zarIra-bakuza zarIra ke saMskAra ke kAraNa pratisevanA yA doSa lagA letA hai| pratisevanA - kuzalI mUlaguNoM ko to akhaNDita -nirdoSa rakhatA hai, kintu uttaraguNoM meM doSa lagA letA hai| kaSAya-kazIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka bilakula bhI doSa-sevana nahIM karate / ve mUla aura uttaraguNoM kI virAdhanA nahIM karate / (4) tIrtha - tIrtha kA abhiprAya tIrthaMkaroM dvArA dharma-tIrtha kA pravartana yaha pA~coM prakAra ke nirgrantha sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM hote haiM / kintu kucha AcAryoM kA abhimata hai ki pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanAkuzIla to tIrtha meM hI hote haiM aura kaSAya-kuzIla, nirgrantha tathA snAtaka tIrtha meM bhI hote haiM aura atIrtha meM bhI hote haiM / (5) liMga - liMga kA abhiprAya hai cinha, lakSaNa / yaha dravya aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMvara tathA nirjarA 459 bhAva ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / cAritraguNa bhAvaliMga hai aura dravyaliMga bAhya veza Adi hai / pA~coM prakAra ke nirgranthoM meM bhAvaliMga arthAt cAritraguNa to avazya hotA hai; kintu dravyaliMga kI bhajanA hai - hotA bhI hai, nahIM bhI hotA hai aura vibhinna prakAra kA bhI hotA hai| (6) lezyA kaSAyodaya se anuraMjita yogapravRtti lezyA hai / yaha chaha prakAra kI hai - (1) kRSNa (2) nIla (3) kApota (4) tejo (5) padma aura (6) zukla / - pulAka ke antima tIna (tejo, padma aura zukla) lezyA hotI hai| bakuza aura pratisevanA-kuzIla meM sabhI lezyA hotI hai| parihAravizuddhi saMyama vAle kaSAya - kuzIla ko antima tIna aura sUkSmasaMparAya saMyama vAle kaSAya - kuzIla ko sirpha eka zuklalezyA hI hotI hai| nirgrantha aura saMyogI kevalI - snAtaka ko sirpha zuklalezyA tathA ayogI kevalI jina alezyalezyA rahita hote haiN| (7) upapAta upapAta kA artha utpatti athavA janma hai / yahA~ yaha batAyA gayA hai ki Ayu pUrNa hone para nirgrantha kahA~-kahA~ utpanna hote haiM / utkRSTatA kI apekSA se pulAka sahasrAra kalpa meM 20 sAgara kI Ayu vAle deva banate haiM, bakuza aura pratisevanA-kuzIla AraNa aura acyuta kalpa meM 22 sAgara kI sthiti vAle, kaSAya-kuzIla aura nirgrantha sarvArthasiddha meM 33 sAgara kI sthiti vAle deva banate haiM / jaghanyatA kI apekSA pulAMka, bakuza, kuzIla aura nirgrantha yaha cAroM hI palyopamapRthaktva sthiti vAle devoM meM saudharma kalpa meM deva banate haiM / snAtakoM kA upapAta nahIM hotA, kyoMki ve janma-maraNa kI paramparA ko samApta kara cuke hote haiM, unakA nirvANa hotA hai, ve siddha ho jAte haiN| I (8) sthAna 'sthAna' kA abhiprAya yahA~ saMyama ke sthAna - - koTiyA~ athavA darje hai / vastutaH kaSAya aura yogo kA nigraha hI saMyama hai / kaSAyoM tathA yogoM kI taratamatA cU~ki asaMkhyAta prakAra kI hai ataH sthAna ( saMyama - sthAna) bhI asaMkhyAta prakAra ke haiM, inake asaMkhyAta bheda-prabheda haiM / - inameM jahA~ taka kaSAya kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha rahatA hai, vahA~ taka ke saMyamasthAna kaSAyanimittaka kahalAte haiM aura jahA~ sirpha yoga kA hI sambandha raha jAtA hai, ve saMyamasthAna yoganimittaka kahalAte haiN| aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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460 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 9 : sUtra 48-49 jaba yoga kA nimitta bhI nahIM rahatA taba vaha saMyamasthAna aMtima saMyamasthAna hotA hai| ina saMyamasthAnoM meM se sabase jaghanya saMyama sthAna (jahA~ kaSAya aura yoga donoM hI nimitta adhika mAtrA meM upasthita haiM) pulAka aura kaSAyakuzala ke hotA hai / ye donoM hI jaghanya saMyamasthAna se asaMkhyAta saMyamasthAnoM taka Age bar3hate rahate haiM / kintu Age calakara pulAka ruka jAtA hai / aura kaSAyakuzIla asaMkhyAta saMyamasthAnoM taka Age bar3hatA calA jAtA hai| isake Age asaMkhyAta saMmayasthAnoM para kaSAyakuzIla, pratisevanA kuzIla aura bakuza tInoM prakAra ke nirgrantha bar3hate rahate haiM / isase Upara kucha saMyama-sthAna calane para bakuza kI gati ruka jAtI hai, usase bhI upara asaMkhyAta saMyamasthAna calane ke bAda pratisevanA kuzIla bhI ruka jAtA hai aura usase bhI upara asaMkhyAta saMyamasthAnoM para ArohaNa karane ke bAda kaSAyakuzIla kI gati bhI avaruddha ho jAtI hai| : yahA~ se Upara akaSAya saMyama-sthAna hI hai / ina para kevala nirgrantha hI ArohaNa karane ne sakSama hote haiM, lekina vaha bhI asaMkhyAta sthAnoM taka hI car3ha pAte haiM, Age unakI gati bhI avaruddha ho jAtI hai| isake Age eka mAtra vizuddhatama saMyamasthAna AtA hai| yaha saMyamasthAna sthira hai, apratipAtI hai, antima hai aura sarvopari hai / isa saMyama sthAna para kevala snAtaka hI ArohaNa karate haiM / aura yahIM unakA saMyama paripUrNa ho jAtA hai, ve sarvajJa aura taduparAnta siddha-buddha-mukta ho jAte haiM / yadyapi saMyamasthAna asaMkhyAta haiM, kintu pUrva-pUrva ke saMyamasthAna kI apekSA uttara-uttara ke saMyamasthAna kI vizuddhi (Atma-vizuddhi) ananta guNI hotI hai| karma-granthoM kI bhASA meM anantaguNI karma-nirjarA hotI hai| isa prakAra prastuta nauveM adhyAya meM saMvara aura nirjarA kA varNana pUrNa huA / *** For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #485
dazavAM adhyAya mokSa (SALVATION) upodghAta prastuta dazavAM adhyAya isa grantha kA antimau adhyAya hai ara AkAra meM pUrva sabhI adhyAyoM se choTA hai| isameM kula sAta sUtra hI haiM / pichale nau adhyAyoM meM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara aura nirjarA-ina chaha tattvoM kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| isa antima adhyAya meM sUtrakAra ne antima- sAtaveM tattva mokSa kA vivecana kiyA hai aura isake sAtha hI grantha sampUrNa kara diyA hai / sarvaprathama mokSa tattva kA svarUpa, mokSaprApti ke AdhArabhUta kevalajJAna usake pragaTa hone ke kAraNa, mokSaprApti meM bAdhaka anya kAraNa, sabhI bAdhaka kAraNoM ke vinAza hone para mukti-prApti meM bAdhaka anya kAraNa. sabhI bAdhaka kAraNoM ke vinAza honepara mukti-prApti, mukta jIvoM kA Urdhvagamana nivAsasthAna siddhazilA Adi kA vivecana prastuta huA hai| antima sUtra meM vibhinna apekSAoM me siddha jIvoM ke bheda bhI ginAye . prastuta adhyAya kA prArambha mokSa-prApti ke AdhArabhUta kevalajJAna pragaTIkaraNa ke krama se huA hai| Agama vacana khINamohassa NaM arahao tato kammaMsA jugavaM khijnati, taM jahA-NANAvaraNijnaM daMsaNAvaraNijjaM ataMrAtiyaM / / - sthAnAMga, sthAna 3, u. 4, sU. 226 tappaDhamayAe jAhuNupuvvIe aTThIvIsaivihaM mohaNijaM kamma ugghAei, paMcavihaM nANAvaraNijjaM navavihaM daMsaNAvaraNijja paMcavihaM antarAiyaM eNa tinnivi kammaM se jugavaM khavei / -uttarA. 29/71 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #486
462 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 10 : sUtra. 1 . (mohanIya karma ko naSTa karane vAle arhanta ke isake pazcAt nimnalikhita karmoM ke aMza eka sAtha naSTa hote haiM -jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, antraay| __sabase prathama pUrva AnupUrvI ke anusAra aTThAIsa prakAra ke mohanIya karma ko naSTa karatA hai| (isake pazcAt) pA~ca prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNIya, nau prakAra ke darzanAvaraNIya aura pA~ca prakAra ke antarAya - ina tInoM hI karmoM ko eka sAtha naSTa karatA hai| kevalajJAna-darzana upalabdhi kI prakriyA - .. mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAya kSayAcakevalaM / / . mohanIya karma ke kSaya hone ka pazcAt jJAnAvaraNa-darzanAvaraNa-antarAya karma ke kSaya hone para kaivalya kI prApti hotI hai| vivecana - prastuta sUtra meM kevalya-prApti kI prakriyA batAI gaI hai| kaivalya kA artha hai kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana / 'kevala' vizeSaNa kA artha hai jo akelA hI ho, nirAlamba ho, kisI kI sahAyatA kI jise apekSA na ho / tathA sAtha hI jo tInoM lokoM aura tInoM kAloM ke samasta dravya aura paryAyoM ko jAnatA ho, jisa jJAna se kucha bhI chipA na rhe| sAmAnya bhASA meM ise sarvajJatA aura sarvadarzitA kahA jAtA hai / prastuta sUtra meM kaivalya-prApti kA krama batAte hue kahA hai ki pahale mohanIyakarma kA sampUrNa nAza hotA hai aura phira usake uparAnta jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa tathA antarAya ina tInoM karmoM kA yugapata-eka sAtha nAza hotA hai| aura ina cAroM karmoM ke sampUrNa kSaya honepara kaivalya dazA prakaTa hotI hai| yaha cAroM karma ghAtIkarma hai / ghAtI karma kA abhiprAya hai jo AtmA ke nija guNoM kA ghAta kare, unhe Avarita kare / mohanIyakarma AtmA kI samyaktva aura cAritra zakti kA ghAta karatA hai / jJAnAvaraNa jJAna zakti kA, darzanAvaraNa darzana zakti kA aura antarAyakarma AtmA kI vIryazakti ko bAdhita karatA hai| __ mohanIyakarma ke kSaya se AtmA ko ananta sukha aura kSAyika samyaktva kI upalabdhi hotI hai| jJAnAvaraNa-darzanAvaraNa ke kSaya se sarvajJatA aura sarvadarzitva kI tathA vIryAntarAya ke kSaya se anantavIrya kI upalabdhi hotI For Personal & Private Use Only

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mokSa 463 samyaktva, sukha, jJAna, darzana, vIrya kI upalabdhi kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki AtmA ko yaha upalabdhiyA~ kahI bAhara se prApta hotI hai; apitu tathya yaha hai ki sabhI zaktiyAM AtmA kI svayaM kI haiM, yaha ina karmoM se Avarita ho rahI thIM, karmoM kA AvaraNa dUra hote hI nirAvaraNa hokara apane sahaja svAbhAvika rUpa meM pragaTa ho jAtI haiM, udghATita ho jAtI hai| yahI sarvajJa-sarvadarzI dazA hai aura arihanta dazA hai| Agama vacana - aNagAre samucchinnakiriyaM aniyaTisukka jhANaM jhiyAyamANe veyaNijjaM AuyaM nAmaM gottaM ca ee cattArikammaM se jugavaM khvei| - uttarA. 29/72 ((isake pazcAt vaha) muni samucchinnakriyA'nivRtti athavA vyuparata kriyAnivRtti nAma ke caturtha zukladhyAna kA dhyAna karate hue vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra-ina cAra karmoM ke aMzoM athavA prakRtiyoM ko eka sAtha naSTa karate haiM / ) mokSa kA svarUpa - . baMdhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm / 2 / kRtsnakarmakSayo mokss| 3 / / bandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva ho jAne aura nirjarA hone se / . karmoM kA atyanta abhAva ho jAnA, saMpUrNataH naSTa ho jAnA, mokSa hai|| vivecana -prastuta sUtra meM mokSa kA svarUpa samajhAyA gayA hai ki mokSa (AtmA kI mukti) kise kahanA cAhie ? mokSa kA abhiprAya hai -AtmA kI karmabandhanoM se sampUrNataH mukti AtmA ko isa saMsAra meM roke rakhane vAle do kAraNa hai- (1) karma-bandhana ke hetu aura (2) pUrvabaddha karma jo AtmA ke sAtha saMlagna rahate haiM / karma-bandha ke hetU mithyAtva Adi haiM, inakA abhAva hone se bandha kI prakriyA ruka jAtI hai, saMvara ho jAtA hai, aura nirjarA dvAra pUrvabaddha karma AtmA se pRthaka hokara jar3a jAte haiN| taba(sampUrNa karmoM kA abhAva hone se (kSaya hone se) jo AtmA kI vizuddhatama nirmala dazA pragaTa hotI hai, vaha mokSa hai) karma ATha haiM / unameM se cAra ghAtI haiM-mohanIya, jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya aura antarAya / ina cAroM kA nAza to arhanta dazA prApta hone se For Personal & Private Use Only

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464 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 10 : sUtra 2-3 pahale hI ho jAtA hai / zeSa cAra vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra ina aghAtI karmoM kA sadbhAva arihantoM ko rahatA hai| ina cAroM ke nAza hote hI sampUrNa karmo kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura AtmA ko mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai / ina cAroM hI aghAtI karmoM kA nAza bhI yugapat-eka sAtha hI hotA hai, Age-pIche nahIM / . kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki Ayu karma kI sthiti to kama hotI hai aura zeSa tIna aghAtI karmoM kI sthiti adhika / aisI dazA meM zeSa karmo kI sthiti Ayu karma ke samAna karane ke lie kevalI bhagavAna samudghAta karate haiN| vAstava meM to kevalI samudghAta karate nahIM, aisI sthiti meM sahaja hI samudghAta hotA hai; kintu vyavahAra meM samudghAta karanA kahA jAtA hai / samudghAta kI prakriyA isa prakAra hai - prathama samaya meM kevalI bhagavAna apane Atma-pradezoM ko daNDa ke samAna lambAkAra karate haiM, dUsare samaya meM caur3AI meM phailAte haiM, tIsare samaya meM mathAMnI ke AkAra ke banAte he aura cauthe samaya meM loka meM vyApta kara dete haiM / phira viparIta kriyA zurU hotI haiM / pA~cave samaya meM mathAnI ke AkAra ke chaThe samaya meM cor3AI ke, sAtaveM samaya meM daNDAkAra aura AThaveM samaya meM Atma-pradezoM ko apane zarIra ke mUlAkAra rUpa meM banA lete hai| jisa prakAra prasAraNa aura saMkucana kI kriyA se vastra meM lage raja-kaNa gira jAte haiM, alaga ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra isa samudghAta kriyA se AtmapradezoM se sambaddha karma-pudgala bhI jhar3a jAte haiM, pRthak ho jAte haiM / isa sampUrNa prakriyA me sirpha ATha samaya lagate haiM aura sabhI karmoM kI sthiti Ayukarma ke barAbara ho jAtI hai / kevalI bhagavAna dvArA kiye jAne ke kAraNa yaha samudghAta kevalI samudghAta kahalAtA hai| jaba sayogI kevalI bhagavAna kI Ayu antarmuhurta zeSa raha jAtI hai taba ve samucchinnakriyA'pratipAtI athavA vyuparatakriyA'nivRtti nAmaka cauthe zukladhyAna meM praveza karate haiM aura yoga-nirodha karate haiM / yoga-nirodha kA krama isa prakAra hai - sarvajJa bhagavAna (saMyogI kevalI jina) sarvaprathama sthUla kAya yoga ke sahAre se sthUla mana ko sUkSma banAte haiM / phira sUkSma manoyoga ke Azraya se sthUlakAyayoga ko sUkSmakAyayoga meM pariNata karate haiM / tatpazcAt sUkSmakAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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Home mokSa. 465 yoga kA Azraya lekara mana aura vacana kA nirodha karate haiM tathA anta meM sUkSmakAyayoga kA nirodha karake ayogI bana jAte hai / / unakI yaha dazA 'zailezI dazA' kahalAtI hai ? kyoMki isameM zvAsocchvAsa jaisI sUkSmakriyA bhI zeSa nahIM rahatI / / phira 'a' 'i' 'u' 'R' 'lu' ina pAMca hrasva svaroM ke uccAraNa meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, utane kAla meM hI caturdaza guNasthAnavartI banakara sarvakarmoM kA kSaya kara dete haiM aura mukta ho jAte haiM / yaha sampUrNa karmoM (aghAtI karmoM) kI kSaya prakriyA hai| Agama vacana nobhavasiddhie noabhavasiddhie / - prajJApanA, pada 18 khINamohe (ke valasammattaM) ke valanANI ke valadasaNI siddhe / - anuyogadvAra sUtra, SaNNAmAdhikAra sU. 126 siddhA sammAdichI / -prajJApanA 19, samyaktva pada (usa samaya na bhavyatvabhAva rahatA hai aura na abhavyatvabhAva rahatA hai|) (aupazamika, kSAyopazamika, audayika tathA bhavyatva (tathA abhavyatva) bhAvoM kA aura pudgala karmoM kI samasta prakRtiyoM kA nAza hone para mokSa hotA kSINa moha vAle (kevalasamyaktva vAle) kevalajJAna vAle aura kevaladarzanavAle siddha hote hai / (kevalasamyaktva, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana aura kevalasiddhatva bhAvoM ke sivAya anya bhAvoM kA mukta jIvoM ke abhAva hai| anantavIrya Adi bhAvoM kA uparokta bhAvoM ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha hone se unakA abhAva na samajhanA cAhie / siddha samyagdRSTi hote haiM / mukta jIvoM ke bhAvoM kA abhAva aura sadbhAva aupazamikAdi bhavyatvAbhAvAccAnyatra ke valasamyaktvajJAnadarzanasiddhatvebhya : / 4 / mukta jIva ke aupazamika Adi tathA bhavyatva bhAva kA abhAva hotA hai aura kevalasamyaktva, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana tathA kevalasiddhatva-ina cAra bhAvoM ke alAvA anya bhAvoM kA abhAva hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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466 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 10 : sUtra - 4 vivecana - isa sUtra kA sAmAnya abhiprAya yaha hai ki mukta jIva meM kevalasamyaktva, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana aura kevalasiddhatva- ina cAra bhAvoM ke atirikta anya kisI bhI prakAra ke bhAva nahIM rahate / isa bAta kA saMketa sUtra meM 'aupazamikAdi' zabda se kiyA gayA hai| adhyAya 2 ke prathama sUtra meM jo aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika-yaha pA~ca prakAra ke bhAva batAye haiM; mukta jIva meM inameM se aupazamika, kSAyopazamika tathA audayika. bhAva to rahate hI nahIM, kSAyika bhAva (yadyapi yaha saMjJA karmoM ke kSaya sApekSa hai) phira bhI mukta dazA meM ina bhAvoM kA abhAva nahIM hotA, jaise kSAyika samyaktva . / sUtra meM kahA gayA kevalasamyaktva aura kSAyikasamyaktva eka hI artha ko dhotita karate haiN| * pAriNAmika bhAvoM meM abhavyatva to isalie asaMbhava hai ki abhavya ko to mukti hI nahIM hotI, bhavyatvabhAva isalie nahIM rahatA ki usakA kArya pUrNa ho cukA hotA hai| inake atirikta pradezatva, vastutva, astitva Adi bhI pAriNAmika guNa haiM, ve mukta jIvoM meM rahate haiM; kintu unakI gaNanA isaliye nahIM kI gaI ki yaha guNa to sabhI dravyoM meM,sAmAnya hai / aba yahA~ yaha sahaja jijJAsA uTha sakatI hai ki anyatra to mukta jIvoM (siddhoM) meM ATha guNa (aura kahIM apekSA se 31 guNa tathA sAmAnya vivakSA se ananta guNa kahe gaye hai- kyoMki AtmA meM anantaguNa mAne gae haiM) aura sUtra meM sirpha cAra kA (kevalasamyaktva, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana aura kevalasiddhatva) hI ullekha huA hai / isa bheda kA kAraNa kyA hai? kyA anya guNa mukta jIvoM meM nahIM hote ? isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki sUtra meM sakSipta zailI kA anugamana kiyA jAtA hai, ataH yahA~ cAra pramukha guNa hI ginA diye gaye haiM / vaise anantavIrya Adi guNoM kA ina guNoM ke sAtha avinAbhAvI saMbaMdha hone se ve guNa bhI mukta jIva meM rahate haiM, unakA niSedha nahIM samajhanA caahie| ___ mukta jIvoM (siddhoM) ke ATha pramukha guNa yaha hai (1) anantajJAna - yaha jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se pragaTa hotA hai| isase ve sarva dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva ko jAnate haiM / / (2) anantadarzana - yaha darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se pragaTa hotA hai| isase ve sampUrNa dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva ko dekhate haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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mokSa 467 (3) avyAbAdha sukha - isakI utpatti vedanIya karma ke kSaya se hotI hai| (4) kSAyika samyaktva- isakI utpatti mohanIya karma ke naSTa hone se hotI hai| (5) avyayatva - yaha AyuSya karma ke naSTa hone se pragaTa hotA hai| (6) amUrtitva - yaha nAma karma ke kSaya se pragaTa hotA hai| (7) agurulaghutva - isakA pragaTIkaraNa gotra karma ke kSaya se hotA hai (8) anantavIrya - yaha antarAya karma ke nAza se utpanna hotA hai| vastutaH yaha sabhI guNa AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNa haiM, kahIM bAhara se prakSipta nahIM hote, naye utpanna nahIM hote; sirpha bAta itanI-sI hai ki ATha karmoM dvArA yaha ATha pramukha guNa Avarita ho jAte haiM; Dhaka jAte haiM aura karmoM ke naSTa hote hI yaha guNa anAvarita hokara apane sahaja-svabhAvika rUpa meM camaka uThate haiM, pragaTa ho jAte haiM, usI taraha jaise kAle-kajarAle megha paTaloM ke chinna-bhinna hote hI sahasatrarazmi sUrya apanI svabhAvika prabhA se camaka uThatA hai| Agama vacana aNupuvveNaM aTTha kampagaDIoM khavettA gagaNatalamuppaittA uppiM loyaggapatiTThANA bhavanti / -- jJAtAdharmakathAMga, a. 6, sU. 62 (isa prakAra krama se AThoM karmoM kI prakRtiyoM ko naSTa karake AkAza meM Urdhvagati dvArA loka ke agra bhAga meM pratiSThita hote haiM / ) atthi NaM bhaMte ! akammassa gatI pannAyati ? haMtA atthi / kahannaM bhaMte / akammassa gati pannaMyati ? goyamA ! nissaMgayAe || gatipariNAmeNaM bNdhnncheynnyaae|. puvva payogeNaM akammassa gatI pannattA - bhagavatI, za. 7, u. 1, sU. 265 (bhagavan ! kyA karma rahita jIva ke gati hotI hai? hA~, hotI hai / unake gati kisa prakAra hotI hai ? hai gautama ! saMga rahita hone se, svabhAvika Urdhvagamana svabhAva vAlA hone se, karmabandha ke naSTa ho jAne se, pUrvaprayoga se karmarahita jIva kI gati hotI hai|) For Personal & Private Use Only

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468 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 10 : sUtra 5-6 muktajIva kA Urdhvagamana aura gatikriyA ke hetu - tadanantaramUrdhva gacchatyAlokAntAt / 5 / pUrva prayogAdasaM gatvAd baMdhacchedAttathAgati pariNAmAcca tadgatiH / 6 / tadanantara arthAt sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya athavA nAza ho jAne para ( usI samaya ) mukta jIva lokAnta taka Upara jAtA hai| usakI vaisI gati (Upara jAne kI gatikriyA athavA Urdhvagamana kriyA) pUrvaprayoga se, asaMgatA athavA saMgarahitatA se, bandhana ( karma - bandhanaH naSTa ho jAne se, aura vaisI gati ka pariNAma se hotI hai / vivecana - prastuta sUtra saM. 5 meM batAyA hai ki karmoM kA kSaya hote hI jIva Urdhvagati karatA huA loka ke anta taka jAtA hai aura chaThe sUtra meM jIvaM kI Urdhvagati ke cAra kAraNa batAye haiM (1) pUrvaprayoga ( 2 ) saMgarahitatA (3) bandhananAza ( 4 ) vaisI gati kA pariNAma lokAnta kA abhiprAya loka kA antima bhAga, vaha bindu jahA~ se alokAkAza kA prArambha hotA hai| loka ke usa antima bhAga ke sthAna kA nAma siddhAlaya hai / isa sthAna para jIva Urdhvagati se gamana karatA huA, binA mor3a lie, sarala-sIdhI rekhA meM gamana karatA huA, apane deha-tyAga ke sthAna ke eka samaya mAtra meM siddhazilA se bhI Upara pahu~cakara avasthita ho jAtA jIva kI vaha sarvakarmavimukta dazA siddha dazA) athavA siddha gati kahalAtI hai| - sarvakarmabandhana TUTate hI jIva meM cAra bAte ghaTita hotI hai - ( 1 ) aupazamika Adi bhAvoM kA vyacchanna athavA nAza honA, (2) zarIra kA chUTa jAnA (3) eka samaya mAtra me siddhazilA se Upara taka urdhvagati se gamana aura (4) lokAnta meM avasthiti / aba prazna yaha hai ki mukta jIva Urdhva dizA meM hI gamana kyoM karatA haiM tathA usa gamanakriyA ke hetu kyA haiM ? isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna sUtra saMkhyA 6 ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| (1) pUrvaprayogAt - pUrva yAnI pahela ke prayoga se. prayoga kA yahA~ abhiprAya Aveza hai| jisa prakAra kumhAra kA cAka ( pahilA yA cakra) daNDa ko haTAne ke bAda bhI kucha dera taka svayaM hI ghUmatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra mukta jIva bhI pUrvabaddha karma-una karmoM kechUTa jAne ke bAda bhI unake nimitta se prApta Avega dvArA gati karatA hai usI prakAra jaise kumhAra kA cAka / For Personal & Private Use Only

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mokSa 469 yahA~ isa bAta kI tulanA Newton (prasiddha vaijJAnika nyUTana) ke gati niyama (Law of motion) se kI jA sakatI hai- usane kahA hai, eka bAra Avezita hone ke bAda koI bhI vastu taba taka gatimAna rahegI, jaba taka koI avarodha na A jAya, cAhe vaha Aveza haTA hI liyA jAya / isI prakAra pUrva-prayoga ke nimitta (sahI zabdoM meM abhAvAtmaka nimitta) se mukta AtmA gati karatA hai| (2) saMgarahitatA - saMga kA abhiprAya sambandha hai| jIva kI svAbhAvika gati Urdhva hai; kintu karmoM ke saMga athavA sambandha ke kAraNa use nIcI athavA tirachI gati bhI karanI par3atI hai| karmoM kA saMga athavA sambandha TUTate hI vaha apanI svAbhAvika Urdhva gati karatA hai| (3) bandhana kA TUTanA - saMsArI avasthA meM jIva karmoM ke bandhana meM jakar3A rahatA hai, usa bandhana ke TUTate hI jIva apanI svAbhAvika Urdhva gati se gamana karatA hai| .. (4) tathAgatipariNAma - isakA abhiprAya hai - jIva kI svAbhAvika gati hI Urdhva hai; arthAt Urdhvagamana jIva kA svabhAva hI hai| jIva ke urdhva gamana svabhAva ko samajhAne ke lie tumbe kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra sUkhe tumbe ko kuzA se lapeTa kara aura isa para ATha * bAra miTTI kA lepa kara sAgara meM chor3A jAya to vaha bhArI hone ke kAraNa sAgara ke tala meM pahu~ca jAtA hai aura jaba miTTI ghula jAne se tumbA halkA ho jAtA hai taba vaha sAgara tala se sIdhI uThakara sataha para AjAtA hai, usI prakAra karmamukta AtmA bhI karmabandhana TUTate hI Urdhva gamana karatA hai| dUsarA dRSTAnta agnizikhA kA diyA jAtA hai| agnizikhA jisa prakAra Urdhvagamana svabhAvI hai, usI prakAra mukta AtmA bhI hai| tIsarA dRSTAnta aNDI (eraNDa) bIja kA hai / jaise hI eraNDa ke bIja para lagA huA phala kA AvaraNa sUkhane para phaTa jAtA hai to bIja turanta hI ciTakakara Upara ko jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI Upara ko jAtA hai| aba yahA~ prazna yaha uThatA hai ki yadi AtmA (mukta AtmA) kA Urdhva gamana svabhAva hI hai to vaha lokAnta para jAkara hI kyoM ruka jAtA hai ? Age aloka meM gamana kyoM nahIM karatA ? isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna sUtrakAra ne to nahIM kiyA; kintu For Personal & Private Use Only

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470 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 10 : sUtra 7 ThANAMga meM aloka meM gati na karane ke hetu batAye haiM / vahA~ kahA gayA hai cauhiM ThANe hiM jIvA ya poggalA ya No saMcAteti bahiyA logaMtA gamaNAtAte, taM jahA-gati abhAveNaM NiruvvagahatAte lukkhAte logaannubhaavennN| - sthAnAga 4, u. 2, sU. 337 (cAra kAraNoM se jIva aura pudgala loka ke bAhara nahIM jA sakate yathA (1) Age gati kA abhAva hone se, (2) upagraha (dharmAstikAya) kA abhAva hone se, (3) loka ke anta bhAga ke paramANuoM ke rUkSa hone se aura (4) anAdi kAla kA svabhAva hone se| isa prakAra ina cAra kAraNoM se mukta jIva lokAnta (siddha sthAna) meM hI jAkara Thahara jAtA hai| vizeSa - digambara paramparAmAnya tatvArthasUtra meM 'dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt' (dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hone se mukta jIva lokAnta meM avasthita ho jAte haiM) isa svatantra sUtra kI racanA dvArA isI tathya ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| Agama vacana - khetta kAla gaI liMga titthe caritteM ___ - bhagavatI, za. 25, u. 6, sU. 751 patteyabuddhasiddhA buddhabohiyasiddhA - nandIsUtra, kevalajJAnAdhikAra nANekhetta antara appAbahuyaM - bhagavatI za.25, u.6,sU. 751 siddhANogAhaNA saMkhA - uttarA. 36/53 (kSetra, kAla, gati, liMga, tIrtha, cAritra, pratyekabuddhasiddha, buddhabodhita siddha, jJAna, kSetra, antara, alpabahutva, avagAhanA aura saMkhyA-ina anuyogoM se siddhoM meM bhI bheda sAdhane cAhie / siddhoM ke vikalpa athavA bheda kSetrakAlagatiliMgatIrthacAritrapratyakabuddhabodhitajJAnAvagAhanAntarasaMkhyAlpavahutvataH sAdhyAH / 7 / (1) kSetra (2) kAla (3) gati (4) liMga (5) tIrtha (6) cAritra (7) pratyekabuddhabodhita (8) jJAna (9) avagAhanA (10) antara (11) saMkhyA aura (12) alpabahutva - ina bAraha vikalpoM se siddhoM meM bhI bheda sAdhane cAhie arthAt ina vikalpoM yA kAraNoM se siddhoM meM bhI bheda kiye jA sakate hai / vivecana -yadi sAmAnya dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya tathA siddhoM ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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mokSa 471 guNa ko dRSTi meM rakhA jAya to unameM koI bheda nahIM, sabhI samAna haiM, sabhI samAna rUpa se avyAbAdha sukha bhoga rahe haiM / unameM gati Adi lekara kisI bhI bheda kA astitva hI nahIM hai tathApi bhUtakAla kI apekSA unameM bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai yAni bheda kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / / prastuta sUtra kI racanA isI bheda dRSTi ko lekara kI gaI hai| (1) kSetra - vartamAna meM to sabhI siddhoM kA eka hI kSetra hai siddhsthaan| sabhI siddha bhagavanta vahI virAjita haiM / kintu bhUtakAla kI apekSA unakA kSetra DhAI dvIpa meM avasthita 15 karmabhUmiyA~ hai / DhAI dvIpa haiM - jaMbUdvIpa, dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa aura puSkaravarArdhadvIpa / DhAI dvIpa meM avasthita pandraha karmabhUmiyA~ hai - 5 bharata, 5 eravata aura 5 videha kSetra / yaha DhAI dvIpa sampUrNa manuSya kSetra hai / isakA sampUrNa vistAra 45 lAkha yojana hai| ataH siddhazilA kA vistAra bhI 45 lAkha yojana hai / yAnI siddhazilA 45 lAkha yojana lambI caur3I hai / vaha madhya meM 8 yojana moTI hai aura ghaTate-ghaTate donoM kinAroM para makkhI ke pA~kha ke samAnapatalI ho gaI hai| vaha zveta varNI, svabhAva se nirmala aura uttAna (ulaTe) chAte ke AkAra kI hai / siddhazilA ke eka yojana Upara, loka ke agrabhAga meM 45 lAkha yojana lambe-caur3e aura 333 dhanuSa 32 aMgula U~ce kSetra meM ananta siddha bhagavAna virAjamAna hai| yAni isa eka yojana kA jo UparI kosa hai, usake chaThebhAga meM siddha bhagavAna avasthita hai / yaha kSetra kI apekSA vicAra (vikalpa) hai / (2) kAla- vartamAna kI dRSTi se siddha hone kA koI kAla nahIM hai, kyoMki siddha hote hI rahate hai| kintu kAla ke laukika dRSTi se avasarpiNI, utsarpiNI, ArA Adi bheda kiye jA sakate hai / jaise bharatakSetra meM cauthe kAla meM hI siddha ho sakate haiM / videha kSetra meM mukti kA anavarata krama hai| (3) gati - vartamAna kI apekSA tI sabhI mukta jIvoM kI eka hI gati hai -siddha gati aura bhUtakAla kI apekSA vicAra karane para sabhI manuSya gati se hI siddha hote haiM / (4) liMga - liMga ke do Azaya hai-(1) veda aura (2) lakSaNa yA For Personal & Private Use Only

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472 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 10 : sUtra 7 cihna / vartamAna kI apekSA to siddha vedAMtIta haiM hI aura unakA koI lakSaNa bhI nahIM hai| ataH ve aliMgI hI haiM / AsannabhUta kI apekSA bhI avedI hI mukta ho sakate hai| yadi aura bhI vistAra se vicAra kareM to strIvedI, puruSavedI, napuMsakavedI ye tInoM bhI siddha ho sakate haiM / liMga (bAhya veza) kI apekSA jainaligaM ( sAdhu - liMga), para-liMga jainetara paMtha kA liMga aura gRhastha liMga ye tInoM liMgoM ke dhArI bhI siddha ho sakate haiM; kintu bhAvaliMga samyagdarzana sahita vItarAgatA sabhI meM Avazyaka hai| (5) tIrtha - tIrtha kA abhiprAya hai - tIrthaMkara dvArA pracalita saddharmajisa samaya cala rahA ho / aise samaya meM siddha hone vAle jIva tIrthasiddha kahe jAte I hai| marudevI mAtA jaise vizuddha pariNAmI jIva aise bhI hote haiM jo tIrtha pravartana se pahale bhI ho siddha jAte haiM / aise mukta jIva atIrthasiddha haiM / isakA dUsarA abhiprAya tIrthaMkara bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| bharatakSetra kI apekSA pratyeka avasarpiNI kAla meM 24 tIrthaMkara hI hote haiM, ye tIrthaMkara siddha kahalAte haiM aura zeSa jitane manuSya mukta hote hai va atIrthaMkara - siddha kahalAte hai / (6) cAritra siddha jIva apanI vartamAna paryAya meM to cAritra se Upara uThe hue hai / Asanna bhUtakAla kI dRSTi se yathAkhyAta cAritrI hI mukta hote haiM / yadi aura bhI pIche kI ora dRSTi DAlI jAya to pA~coM cAritra vAle bhI mukti kA kAraNa hote haiM I - (7) pratyekabuddha buddhabodhita - ye do prakAra ke haiM (1) pratyekabuddha aura (2) buddhabodhita - dUsare ke upadeza ko grahaNa karake siddha hone vAle / pratyekabaddha kisI ke upadeza kI apekSA nahIM rakhate, inakI AtmA svayaM jAgRta hotI hai| isI kAraNa tIrthakara bhagavAna svayaMbuddha hote hai / ve svayaM hI apanI Atma-jAgaraNA se mukti prApta karate haiM / dUsare, pratyekabuddha kisI nimitta ko pAkara jAga uThate haiM aura mukti prApta karate hai / buddhabodhita deva, gurudeva Adi ke upadeza se Atma kalyANa karake siddhi prApta karate haiM / (8) jJAna - vartamAna aura bhUtakAla kI dRSTi se siddhoM meM kevalajJAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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mokSa 473 hI hotA hai aura kevalajJAnI hI mukta hote hai, kintu bhUtakAla kI apekSA se vicAra kiyA jAya to do jJAna (mati - zruta), tIna jJAna (mati, zruta, avadhi, ) cAra jJAna (mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava) vAle bhI siddha hote haiM / (9) avagAhanA avagAhanA kI dRSTi se siddha jIvoM meM bhI bheda hai / avagAhanA U~cAI ko kahA jAtA hai / siddha jIvoM kI utkRSTa avagAhanA 333 dhanuSa aura 32 aMgula tathA jaghanya avagAhanA 1 hAtha 8 aMgula hotI hai| isake madhya meM aneka prakAra kI avagAhanA ho sakatI hai| yaha Atma pradezoM kI dRSTi se hai / (10) antara antara kA abhiprAya hai - vyavadhAna, avakAza / jaba prati samaya siddha hote rahate haiM to ve nirantara siddha kahalAte hai / isa nirantaratA meM bAdhA hI antara kahalAtI hai| yaha antara chaha mAha se adhika kA nahIM par3atA / yAnI eka jIva ke siddha hone ke chaha mahine ke andara - andara dUsarA jIva siddha ho hI jAyegA, aisA nimaya hai / aise siddha jIva sAntara siddha kahalAte hai / (11) saMkhyA - eka samaya meM kama se kama eka jIva aura adhika se adhika 108 jIva siddha ho sakate hai 1 uttarAdhyayana sUtra (36/51 - 54) meM eka samaya meM vibhinna apekSA se kitane siddha ho sakate haiM, isakA gaNanA (saMkhyA) dI gaI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai - (1) tIrtha kI vidyamAnatA meM 1 samaya meM 108 taka siddha ho sakate (2) tIrtha kA viccheda honepara 1 samaya meM 10 taka siddha ho sakate (3). tIrthakara 1 samaya meM eka sAtha 20 taka (4) svayaMbuddha 1 samaya meM 108 taka (5) atIrthakara (sAmAnya kevalI ) 1 samaya meM 108 taka hai tic tic (6) pratyekabuddha 1 samaya meM 6 taka (7) svaliMgI 1 samaya meM 108 taka (8) svaliMga 1 samaya meM 108 taka (9) anyaliMgI 1 samaya meM 10 taka (10) gRhasthaliMgI 1 samaya meM 4 taka (11) straliMgI 1 samaya meM 20 taka (12) puruSaliMgI 1 samaya meM 108 taka " For Personal & Private Use Only " " "" " " "

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474 tattvArtha sUtra : adhyAya 10 : sUtra 7 (13) napuMsakaliMgIM 1 samaya meM 10 taka siddha ho sakate hai / (14) jaghanya 2 hAtha hI avagAhanA vAle 1 samaya meM 4, madhyama avagAhanA vAle 108 aura utkRSTa 500 hAtha ko avagAhanA vAle 2 jIva siddha hote haiM / siddhagati meM ina jIvoM (manuSyoM) kI avagAhanA 2 / 3 raha jAtI hai| (12) alpa - bahutva jaghanya aura utkRSTa tathA madhya kI sthitiyoM para vicAra karanA alpa - bahutva hai / jaise- puruSaliMgI eka samaya meM kitane siddha hote haiM aura strIliMgI kitane ? isI prakAra kSetra kI apekSA vicAra karanA ki bharatakSetra se kitane jIva siddha hote haiM aura videhakSetra se kitane ? saMkSepa meM Upara kahI gaI 11 vikalpoM tathA zAstrokta anya vikalpoM kI apekSA nyUnAdhikatA kA vicAra karanA alpa - bahutva hai / udAharaNa ke lie kSetra - siddhoM meM janma - siddha aura saMharaNa - siddha-do prakAra ke siddha hote haiM / janma - siddha kA abhiprAya hai, jina jIvoM (manuSyoM) kA janma 15 karmabhUmiyoM meM se kisI eka meM ho aura ve sAdhanA karake siddhi prApta kareM / - saMharaNa-siddha kA abhiprAya hai - koI deva Adi kisI manuSya ko usake janma-sthAna (janma bhUmi) se saMharaNa kara kisI anya kSetra meM pahu~cA de aura vaha manuSya vahIM (saMharaNa - kSetra meM hI) mukti prApta kare / isa prakAra aneka apekSAoM se hInAdhikatA kA vicAra karanA hI alpa - bahutva dvAra athavA vikalpa hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra zAstra meM mokSamArga kA varNana huA hai| nava tattvoM, chaha dravyoM, jIva ke vibhinna bhAvoM kA isameM vivecana hai / samyagdarzanajJAna - cAritra aura tapa kA vivaraNAtmaka vizleSaNa hai / tattvoM tathA arthoM kA vivecana karane vAle aura saMpUrNa mokSamArga ko pradarzita karane vAle, sUtrabaddha racanAsvarUpa vAle (isa zAstra kA tattvArthasUtra nAma sArthaka aura saTIka hai / ) // dazavAM adhyAya samApta || || vAcaka umAsvAti viracita tattvArthasUtra saMpUrNa // *** For Personal & Private Use Only

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tattvArtha sUtra For Personal & Private Use Only

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do zabda... 'tattvArtha sUtra' kI mahatA ko zabdoM meM vizad karanA sUrya ko dIyA batAne jaisA hai / phira parama zraddheya jaina divAkara pUjya zrI cothamalajI mahArAja sA. ke vidvAna ziSya pUjya kevalamunijI dvArA vyAkhyAyita isa graMtha kA punarmudrana kA gurutara kArya graMtha kI anupalabdhatA ko dUra karane ke mahAna uddeza ko rakhakara kI jA rahI hai| mUla vyAkhyA ko 'jasa kA tasa' rakhakara pUjya upAdhyAya kevalamunijI kI maulika vyAkhyA ko abadhita rakhA gayA hai| 'tattvArtha sUtra' para AdhArita pratiyogitA ke mAdhyama se isa sUtra kI gaharAI, tanmayatA aura ekAgratA se paThana hogA aura jJAna kI pIpAsA zAMta hogI / isa zubhakAMkSA ke sAtha ! zrI kamalA sAdhanodaya TrasTa dvArA : abhijIta satizajI desaraDA baMgalA naM. 13, rAjanagara sosAyaTI premanagara (gaNapati mandira ke bAjU meM) punA - 411 037. mo. 9850810101 | aeNDa. subhASa saMkalecA (jAlanA) phona : 9422215733 For Personal & Private Use Only

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GIjaInaIGIGIGILIGIjAnAjAyajayajayajayajayajayakA tattvArthasUtra isa dvitIya saMskaraNa ke lie dharmAnurAgI dAtA zrI. nemIcaMdajI DuMgaravAla (madrAntakam, cennaI) jAyAyAyAcanAcArArArArArArArAjArAmArAyalamatavAlAnAlAmAlAbAlAta SSSSSSSSSSGEjajajajajajajajAbAjAyajAjatA zrI. tArAcaMdajI - sau. puSpAbAI bAphanA (auraMgAbAda) zrI. uttamacaMdajI - sau. kamalAbAI khiMvasarA (auraMgAbAda) jabajabajabajabajabajAjacanAcanAcanAcanAcanAcanAjAvAjAyajAbAjAvAjAcajaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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jAyajAnAjAyajA jayajayajayajayajayajayajayajayakA tattvArthasUtra isa dvitIya saMskaraNa ke lie dharmAnurAgI dAtA basaMtAbAI lAlacaMda sakalecA (jAlanA) GIGRAIGGEjAnavajanajAyajAnAjAyajAjAyajayAjAyajAyajA vajayajayajayajayajayajajajajajajajajajajajajajajajajaEGSPGGAGEGGIA sau. gItAbAI dagaDUlAlajI TATiyA (sAkrI) sau. biMdUbena caudharI (jaina) (muMbaI) zrImAna sukhalAlajI jaina, kuMkUloLa (svataMtratA senAnI, jAlanA.) sau. navalabAI jaina, kuMkUloLa tanAcanAcanAcajanajAgAjAvAjavajavajavajavanavAjAcajanAcanAcanAcaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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tattvArthasUtra isa dvitIya saMskaraNa ke lie dharmAnurAgI dAtA zrI. mohanalAlajI coraDiyA (cennaI) zrI. surezakumArajI kiMmatI (haidrAbAda) zrI. pradipa prakAzacaMdajI jaina (kheDA) zrI. suvAlAlajI challAnI,au.bAda. (maMtrI: a.bhA. zve. sthAnakavAsI jaina kaoNnpharansa) 1. guptadAna 2. vizeSa - vimalarANI prakAzacaMdajI bAphanA inakA sahayoga prApta huaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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Wan E0) / / parasparopagraho jiivaanaam|| pa. pU. upAdhyAya zrI kevalamunijI ma. sA. mAlava siMhanI zramaNI ratnA pa. pU. mahAsatIjI zrI kamalAvatIjI ma. sA. cAturmAsArtha 2005 auraMgAbAda nagarI meM virAjita pa. pU. mAlava siMhanI zrI kamalAvatI ma.sA. kI suziSyA pa.pU. upapravartinI mahAsatIjI zrI satyasAdhanAjI ma.sA Adi ThANA 7 Patrika DTP, A'bad. 0240-2340257 LIAWINTAM For Personal & Private Use Only wwwnjalinalibrary.org.