Jain evam Bauddh Yog

Author(s): Sudha Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002120/1

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana sampAdaka DaoN vijaya kumAra lekhikA DaoN sudhA jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI

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For Private & Per com

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA-128 pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina jaina evaM caudra yoga eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana lekhikA DaoN0 sudhA jaina ema. esa-sI.(jIvana vijJAna evaM prekSAdhyAna), pI-eca. DI. pravaktA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI sampAdaka DaoN0 vijaya kumAra ema. e.(darzanazAstra), pI-eca.DI pravaktA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 2001

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eka sAdharmika bhAI evaM DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA, vArANasI ke Arthika sahayoga se prakAzita / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA-128 pustaka : jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana lekhikA : DaoN0 sudhA jaina sampAdaka : DaoN0 vijaya kumAra prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI- 221005 dUrabhASa : 0542 - 316521, 318046 phaiksa : 0542 - 318046 prathama saMskaraNa : 2001 I0 mUlya : 300.00 rUpaye mAtra akSara sajjA : rAjeza kampyUTarsa, jayaprakAza nagara, zivapuravA, vaaraannsii| dUrabhASa : (0542) 220599 mudraka : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya, bhelUpura, vArANasI / : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ISBN : 81-86715-52-5 Parswanatha Vidyapitha Series : 128 Book : Jaina evam Bauddha Yoga: Ek Tulnatmak Adhayayan Author : Dr. Sudha Jain Editor : Dr. Vijaya Kumar Publisher : ParSwanatha Vidyapitha I.T.I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi- 221005 Phone : 0542-316521.318046 : 0542-318046 First Edition : 2001 Price : 300.00 Rs. Only Type Setting : Rajesh Computer's. Jai Prakash Nagar, Shivpurwa, Varanasi. Phone : 0542-220599 Printed at : Vardhamana Mudranalaya, Bhelupur, Varanasi. Fax

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prakAzakIya bhAratIya adhyAtmavAdI paramparA meM yoga-sAdhanA kA astitva ati prAcInakAla se hI rahA hai| yahA~ taka kI ati prAcIna nagara mohanajodar3o aura har3appA kI khudAI meM jo sIleM Adi upalabdha huI haiM unameM dhyAnamudrA meM yogiyoM ke aMkana pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra aitihAsika adhyayana ke jo bhI prAcInatama srota hameM upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI bhArata meM yogasAdhanA kI paramparA ke ati prAcInakAla se pracalita hone kI puSTi karate haiN| unase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM yajJa-mArga kI apekSA sAdhanA-mArga kI paramparA prAcIna hai aura use sadaiva AdarapUrNa sthAna prApta rahA hai| aupaniSadika RSigaNa aura zramaNa-sAdhaka apanI vaidika jIvanacaryA meM yogasAdhanA ko sthAna dete rahe haiM- yaha nirvivAda tathya hai| buddha aura mahAvIra ko jJAna kA jo prakAza upalabdha huA vaha unakI yoga-dhyAna-sAdhanA kA pariNAma hI thA, isameM Aja kisI prakAra kA vaimatya nahIM hai| kintu hamArA yaha durbhAgya hai ki prAcIna sAhitya meM bhI dhyAnasAdhanA kI ina paddhatiyoM ke vistRta vivaraNa Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM, mAtra yatra-tatra vikRti nirdeza hI hameM milate haiN| phira bhI jo sUcanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM unake AdhAra para itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki aupaniSadika RSigaNa aura zramaNa-sAdhaka apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie yoga-sAdhanA kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM kA anusaraNa karate the| unakI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ke kucha avazeSa Aja bhI hameM mila jAte haiN| prekSAdhyAna aura vipazyanA jaina evaM bauddha paramparAoM kI unhIM paddhatiyoM ke Adhunika rUpa haiN| prastuta pustaka meM lekhikA ne na kevala jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAdhanA kI paramparA kA vivaraNa diyA hai, balki eka dRSTi se sampUrNa jaina evaM bauddha sAdhanA-paddhati kA tulanAtmaka svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai / yoga jaise gaMbhIra viSaya ke sundara prastutikaraNa hetu lekhikA ko merA sAdhuvAda / isakA kuzala sampAdana saMsthAna ke pravaktA DaoN. vijaya kumAra ne kiyA hai, ata: ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| sundara akSara-sajjA ke lie rAjeza kampyUTarsa aura satvara mudraNa hetu varddhamAna mudraNAlaya ko dhanyavAda detA huuN| dinAMka : 5.7.2001 pro0 sAgaramala jaina saciva pArzvanAtha vidyApITha

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svataH bhAratIya sAdhanA-paddhati kI mukhya do dhArAe~ haiM- zramaNa aura brAhmaNa / zramaNa paramparA meM jaina evaM bauddha paramparAyeM AtI haiN| brAhmaNa paramparA meM- veda, IzvarAdi meM vizvAsa karanevAle Ate haiN| brAhmaNa paramparA ke vicAra bhI adhyAtma kI abhimukhatA lie hue hai, phira bhI paddhatiyoM kI apanI svatantratA to hotI hI hai| sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana meM cAritra ko pradhAnatA dI gayI hai| binA cAritra ke kevala darzana kA utanA mahattva nahIM hotA hai, jitanA ki honA caahie| AcaraNa samyak hotA hai to darzana bhI samyak hotA hai aura darzana samyak hotA hai to AcaraNa ko bhI samyak hone kI preraNA milatI hai| jaina darzana ne jisa vicAra aura sAdhanA-paddhati kA nirUpaNa kiyA, vaha samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak-cAritra kI tripuTI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina sAdhanA-paddhati 'mokSamArga' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| isI prakAra bauddha sAdhanA-paddhati ko vizuddha-mArga ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gyaa| kintu koI bhI sAdhanA-paddhati, cAhe vaha kisI bhI nAma se pahacAnI gaI ho, usakA mUla dhyeya citta kI vizuddhi, kaSAya para vijaya aura AtmA ke parama svarUpa ko prApta karanA hai| __ aSTAGgayoga kA jo vyavasthita rUpa banA usameM maharSi pataJjali kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| brAhmaNika yoga kA vikAsa maharSi pataJjali se Arambha hotA hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki maharSi pataJjali yoga ke pravartaka haiM, balki unhoMne yogamArga ko vyavasthita kara apane grantha meM usakI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| yoga kA pakSa maharSi pataJjali se pUrva bhI thA,tabhI to unhoMne prathama sUtra meM 'atha yogAnuzAsanam' se usakI vyavasthA kI carcA kI hai aura yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ko vibhAjita kara sAdhanA kA vikAsa-krama batAyA hai| yama se dhAraNA taka kA sArA upakrama dhyAna kI upalabdhi ke lie hai| dhAraNA kI saghanatA dhyAna aura dhyAna kI saghanatA hI samAdhi banatI hai| dhyAna athavA samAdhi kI sAdhanA sabhI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se pratiSThita hai| vastuta: dekhA jAye to jisa cIja kI upayogitA bar3ha jAtI hai usakI saMkhyA meM bhI vRddhi ho jAtI hai| lakSya eka hone para bhI mArga alaga-alaga bana jAte haiM aura unake alaga-alaga nirmAtA-saMskartA ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra prAcInakAla se aba taka dhyAna bhI bahuta upayogI siddha huA hai| jisa dina se manuSya ne dhyAna karanA sIkhA, use kucha milaa| use mahasUsa huA ki dhyAna bhI upayogI hai, mUlyavAn hai| jaba mUlya hotA hai to usake sAtha usakI arthavattA bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| jaba kabhI bhI dhyAna pracalana meM AyA hogA to usakI eka hI zAkhA rahI hogii| kintu samaya parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha usakI aneka zAkhAe~ banatI jA rahI haiN| phalata: Aja saikar3oM sAdhanA-paddhatiyA~ cala rahI haiN| sahI arthoM meM dekhA jAye to sabhI sAdhanA-paddhatiyA~ cAhe vaha vaidika sAdhanA-paddhatti ho yA jaina sAdhanA-paddhatti yA phira bauddha sAdhanA-paddhatti ho, sabhI isI sAdhya ko poSita karatI haiM ki sAdhaka apanI saMsArAbhimukha citta-vRttiyoM ko rokakara apanI sAdhanA ko sAdhya-siddhi ke yogya banAye /

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hamArI bhAratIya paramparA meM aneka jJAnI - dhyAnI hue jinhoMne apanI zakti aura anubhUti ke dvArA vizva ko bahuta kucha diyaa| jaise - maharSi pataMjali, vedavyAsa, gorakhanAtha, haribhadra, nAgArjuna, sarahappA, kaNhappA, zubhacandra, hemacandra, yogIndu, Anandaghana Adi ke nAma bar3e Adara aura sammAna ke sAtha liye jAte haiN| ina mahApuruSoM ke dvArA racita sAhitya bhAratIya vAGmaya kI amUlya nidhi hai, jisameM ina AcAryoM kI anubhUtiyA~ samAhita haiN| jisa prakAra sAhitya apane Apa meM asAmpradAyika hotA hai usI taraha yoga bhI asAmpradAyika hai| Aja bhI yoga sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA se achUtA hai / yadyapi hama use vaidika yoga, jaina yoga, bauddha yoga Adi nAmoM se sambodhita kara sAmpradAyikatA kI DorI meM bA~dha dete haiM, kintu yoga asAmpradAyika hai| sAmpradAyika isa saMdarbha meM dRSTigocara hotA hai ki sabakI apanI-apanI sAdhanA-paddhatti hai jisake vidhikrama meM vividhatA ho sakatI hai, kintu sAmpradAyikatA nhiiN| vidhikrama kI vividhatA ThIka usI prakAra hai jisa prakAra nagara ke vibhinna mArga nagara mukhyAlaya kI ora jAte haiN| isI prakAra yoga-vidhiyA~ alaga-alaga hai, kintu sabakA lakSya eka hI hai- mokss| yoga eka ora jahA~ pAralaukika sukhoM kI upalabdhi karAtA hai vahIM vaha mAnava ko laukika upalabdhiyA~ pradAna karane meM bhI sahAyaka kA kArya karatA hai / citta kI vRttiyoM ko saMtulita karanA hI isakA pradhAna kArya hai| Aja kA mAnava jIvana asaMtulita - sA ho gayA hai| isa bhautikavAdI yuga meM mAnava kI mAnasika azAntiyA~ bar3hatI jA rahI haiN| isakA pramukha kAraNa hai - jIvana meM ekAgratA, sthiratA evaM tanmayatA kA abhAva, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha apane lakSya se vimukha hI jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM mana, vacana aura karma meM ekarUpatA, ekAgratA, tanmayatA aura sthiratA lAnA atyAvazyaka hai, jo eka mAtra yoga-sAdhanA ke dvArA hI sambhava hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki yoga Aja bhI utanA hI mahattvapUrNa hai jitanA ki prAcInakAla meM thA / isIlie yoga kA adhyayana Aja bhI samIcIna hai| yoga sAdhanA meM zArIrika vikRtiyoM aura mAnasika tanAvoM ko samApta karane kI jo zakti chipI huI hai, jisase bhogavAdI aura mAnasika tanAvoM se saMtrasta loga caitasika zAnti kA anubhava karate haiM, usI zakti ke kAraNa Aja logoM meM yogasAdhanA ke prati AkarSaNa bar3ha rahA hai| jaina evaM bauddha yoga para aneka pustakoM kA praNayana huA hai| paNDita sukhalAla jI kI 'samadarzI haribhadra', viliyama jemsa kI 'jaina yoga', AcArya mahAprajJa kI 'jaina yoga', 'cetanA kA urdhvArohaNa', 'AbhAmaNDala', padmanAbha jainI kI 'jaina paoNtha oNpha pyUriphikezana', arhatdAsa baMDovA dige kI 'jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana' Adi kRttiyA~ mahattvapUrNa haiN| bauddha dharma-darzana meM DaoN0 bharata siMha upAdhyAya kI 'dhyAna-sampradAya', DaoN0 DoDamagoDa revata thero kI 'theravAda bauddha dharma meM yoga aura sAdhanA', vijJAnabhikSu kI 'prajJA ke prakAza meM samyak-dRSTi', bhikSu sugamatAnanda kI 'vipazyanA-paddhati' Adi mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~ haiN|

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IIL . prastata kati bhI yoga sAhitya paramparA meM eka kar3I hai, jo jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAdhanA ke tulanAtmaka svarUpa ko spaSTa kara sakegI-aisA merA vizvAsa hai| jaina evaM bauddha yoga para aba taka svataMtra rUpa se zodha kArya hue haiM tathA pustakoM kA praNayana bhI huA hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM kA aba taka tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM huA thA, isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakha kara maiMne jaina evaM bauddha yoga ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA asaphala prayAsa kiyA hai| apanI alpajJa buddhi se yoga sambandhI gambhIra viSaya ko prastuta karane kA prayAsa tabhI sArthaka hogA jaba yaha pustaka sudhI pAThakoM va jijJAsuoM kI pipAsA ko zAnta kara skegii| prastuta pustaka ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai prathama adhyAya ke rUpa meM prAcIna bhAratIya yoga paramparA-eka avalokana' ko liyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya ke antargata 'yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha' dharma-darzana ke vizeSa pariprekSya meM viSaya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM 'jaina evaM bauddha yoga ke pramukha sAhitya' kI carcA kI gayI hai| caturtha adhyAya 'jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra' ke rUpa meM vizleSita kiyA gayA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM 'yoga-sAdhanA ke AcAra pakSa' ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya ke antargata 'jaina evaM bauddha dhyAna -paddhati' ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya ke pratipAdya viSaya ke rUpa meM 'AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~' lI gayI hai| aSTama adhyAya meM 'bandhana aura mokSa' ko viSaya banAyA gayA hai| anta meM upasaMhAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| apane isa kArya kI sampUrNatA ke lie sarvaprathama maiM terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke gaNAdhipati zrI tulasI jI, AcAryazrI mahAprajJajI, yuvAcArya mahAzramaNa jI evaM mahAzramaNI sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhAjI ke zrIcaraNoM meM apanI bhAvabhInI vandanA arja karatI hU~, jinake AzIrvacanoM se maiM apane kArya ke prati sadA prerita hotI rahI huuN| tapAgacchAcArya pUjya AcAryazrI rAjayazasUrIzvara jI ma0 sA0 va pUjyA bena ma0 sA0 ke zrIcaraNoM meM vandanA arja karatI hU~ jinakI vizeSa kRpA mujhe prApta hai| apane bAbosA mahArAja munizrI haMsarAjajI, kAkosA mahArAja munizrI gulAbacanda jI nirmohI, munizrI madhukarajI, munizrI mahendra kumAra jI, munizrI kizanalAla jI, sAdhvIzrI kalpalatA jI Adi samasta sAdhu-sAdhvI vRMda, samaNI kusumaprajJA jI evaM zubhaprajJA jI ke prati maiM kRtajJatA vyakta karatI hU~ jinalogoM se kisI na kisI rUpa meM apane lekhana kArya meM mujhe sahAyatA milatI rahI hai| prastuta pustaka ke praNayana meM pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa meM jina vidvAnoM va mahAnubhAvoM kA sahayoga rahA hai, unake prati maiM apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatI hU~ / isa sandarbha meM sarvaprathama jainavidyA ke manISI zraddheya pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina (pUrva nidezaka evaM vartamAna saciva, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha) jinake nirdezana meM maiM vigata pA~ca varSoM se kArya kara rahI hU~, kI sadA RNI rahU~gI, jinhoMne prastuta kRti ko dekhA aura isake prakAzana kI svIkRti dii| pro0 bhAgacandra jaina (pUrva nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha) ke prati bhI apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatI hU~ jinhoMne sadA mujhe adhyayana evaM lekhana kArya ke lie prerita evaM protsAhita kiyA

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IV hai, DaoN0 rajjana kumAra jinake kuzala nirdezana meM yaha kArya pUrNa huA aura jinhoMne sadA hameM paThana-pAThana ke lie protsAhita kiyA hai, kI maiM AbhArI hU~ / AdaraNIya zrI zrIcanda rAmapuriyA (kulAdhipati, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM), pro0 rAmajI siMha (pUrva kulapati, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM), zrI mohana siMha bhaMDArI (pUrva kulapati, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM), pro0 vAcaspati upAdhyAya (kulapati, lAla bahAdura zAstrI saMskRta vidyApITha, dillI) pro0 revatIramaNa pANDeya ( pUrva adhyakSa, darzana vibhAga, kA0hi0 vi0vi0), pro0 mRtyuMjaya nArAyaNa sinhA (adhyakSa, darzana vibhAga, bihAra vizvavidyAlaya, mujaphpharapura), pro0 kamalAkara mizra (darzana vibhAga, kA0hi0vi0vi0),DaoN0 jagatarAma bhaTTAcArya (kulasaciva, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM),DaoN0 je0pI0ena0mizra (jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM) kI abhArI hU~ jina logoM kI preraNA ne mujhe pustaka pUrNa karane kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| ina gurujanoM kA AzISa mujhe hamezA prApta hai| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM mere variSTha sahayogI AdaraNIya DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha, DaoN0 zivaprasAda jI, DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya evaM kaniSTha sahayogI zrI omaprakAza siMha va zrI rAkeza siMha ke prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatI hU~ jinalogoM se hamezA akAdamIya sahayoga milatA rahatA hai| vizeSakara apane pati DaoN0 vijaya kumAra, jo pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM mere akAdamIya sahayogI bhI haiM ko kaise vismRta kara sakatI hU~ / pratyeka stara para unake sahayoga ke kAraNa hI prastuta pustaka apanI mUrtatA ko prApta kara sakI hai| unake sammAnIya sahayoga kI anupama anubhUti sarvadA mere sAtha rahatI hai| pUjya mAtA-pitA zrImatI kiraNa devI evaM zrI dhanarAjajI khaTer3a, kAkosA zrI bAbUlAla jI khaTer3a evaM kAkIsA zrImatI pukharAja khaTeDa, mAmosA zrI vijayasiMha seThiyA evaM mAmIsA zrImatI saralA seThiyA, AdaraNIya bhaiyA zrI padamacanda jaina, zrI rAjendra khaTeDa, bhAbhI zrImatI mITha jaina, zrImatI babItA khaTeDa tathA dIdI zrImatI saroja phUlaphagara evaM choTI bahana zrImatI saritA bhaMsAlI kI maiM sarvadA RNI hU~ jinake lAr3a-pyAra evaM sneha ne mujhe isa yogya bnaayaa| apane parivAra ke pUjya mA~-bAbUjI sva0 zrImatI zAnti sinhA evaM DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA, choTI mA~ evaM choTe bAbUjI zrImatI saroja siMha evaM zrI ravindranAtha siMha va AdaraNIya jyeSTha DaoN0 saMjaya kumAra, DaoN0 ajaya kumAra va devara zrI dhanaMjaya kumAra kI maiM RNI hU~ jinalogoM ke pyAra aura AzIrvAda ke sAtha-sAtha paThana-pAThana meM ucita mArga darzana prApta hote rahe haiN| anta meM maiM una sabhI vidvatjanoM evaM mahAnubhAvoM kA hRdaya se AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~ jinakA pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa se sahayoga prApta huA hai| sAtha hI pustaka meM yadi koI truTi raha gayI ho to usake lie kSamAprArthI haiM, jo niHsandeha merI hai| dinAMka : 5.7.2001 sudhA jaina

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viSayAnukramaNikA 1. 1-18 19-87 s bhAratIya yoga-paramparA : eka avalokana yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra in 88-105 4. 106-142 yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 143-181 j w dhyAna 182-238 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 239-278 i bandhana evaM mokSa 279-314 j si upasaMhAra 315-319 10. sandarbha grantha-sUcI 320-327

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prathama adhyAya bhAratIya yoga-paramparA : eka avalokana yoga-vidyA bhAratavarSa kI amUlya nidhi hai, jo sudUra atIta kAla se avicchina rUpa meM guru-paramparApUrvaka calI A rahI hai| yahI eka aisI vidyA hai jisameM vAda-vivAda ko kahIM sthAna nahIM milA hai| yahI vaha eka kalA hai jisakI sAdhanA se aneka loga ajara-amara hokara deha rahate hI siddha-padavI ko pA gaye haiN| yuga-yugoM se calA A rahA yaha yoga vastuta: bhAratIya RSi-muniyoM tathA yati-yogiyoM ke adhyavasAya evaM sAdhanAlabdha antarjagata kA mahattvapUrNa antarvijJAna hai| isI yoga-samAdhi ke dvArA vaidika kAla meM kitane hI brahmopAsaka mantra-draSTA RSi bana gaye, jinakA sAkSya veda kI RcAe~ haiN| Rgveda jo bhAratavarSa kA hI nahIM, apitu vizva kA prAcInatama grantha mAnA jAtA hai, meM sarvaprathama yoga kA saMketa milatA hai, vidvAnoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai| parantu yoga kA prArambhaM veda se hI huA isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki yoga sindhakAlIna sabhyatA kI dena hai| isa sambandha meM sara jaoNna mArzala ne likhA hai ki mohanajodar3o meM jisa naradevatA kI mUrti milI hai, vaha trimukhI hai| vaha devatA eka kama u~ce pIThAsana para yogamudrA meM baiThA hai| usake donoM paira isa prakAra mur3e hue haiM ki er3I se er3I mila rahI hai, aMgUThe nIce kI ora mur3e hue haiM evaM hAtha ghuTane ke Upara Age kI ora phaile hue haiN| itanA hI nahIM mohanajodar3o meM prApta eka mudrA para aMkita citra meM triratna, mukuTa vinyAsa, nagnatA, kAyotsargamudrA, nAsAgradRSTi, yogacaryA, baila Adi ke cihna haiM, jisase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki marti yogI ke atirikta aura kisI kI nahIM ho sakatI hai| ata: yaha batAnA ki yoga-sAdhanA-kAla mohanajodar3o kI khudAI ke bAda prArambha hotA hai ucita nahIM jAna par3atA hai| mohanajodar3o kI sabhyatA kA kAla anumAnata: I0 pU03250-2750 mAnA jAtA hai, jo yoga-sAdhanA kA kAla hI hai| ata: sindhu sabhyatA, vaidika sabhyatA kI samakAlika yoga-mUlaka sabhyatA hai| yaha sabhyatA mizrita saMskRti se yukta thI, jo paramparAgata rUpa se Aja bhI bhAratIya saMskRti kI eka prabala vizeSatA hai| hA~! sthAna evaM saMskRti meM bhinnatA avazya rahI hogI jisake AdhAra para hI vidvAnoM ne use Arya aura anArya ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, jisakI puSTi maharSi aravinda ke kathanoM se hotI hai| maharSi aravinda ne kahA hai AryoM-anAryoM ke bIca kA bheda jisa para itanA saba kucha nirbhara hai, aneka pramANoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki koI jAtIya bheda nahIM, apitu sAMskRtika bheda thaa| svAmI zaMkarAnanda ne bhI kahA hai ki mohanajodar3o

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana evaM har3appA kI sabhyatA vaidika sabhyatA se nitAnta bhinna nahIM thI, apitu ye sabhyatAyeM vaidika sabhyatA kI hI aMga thIM, jinake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yoga kA prArambha vaidika kAla meM hI huA thaa| __parantu 'yoga' eka vyAvahArika evaM dhyAnaparaka sidvAnta hai jise kisI kAla kI sImA meM bA~dhanA ucita nahIM jAna par3atA, kyoMki yoga kA jJAna manuSya kI antarAtmA se sambandhita hotA hai| ata: yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki yoga-vidyA kA pracalana sRSTi ke Arambha kAla se hI ho gayA thaa| jaisA ki mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai ki hiraNyagarbha hI yoga kA vaktA hai, usase purAtana anya koI nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA ucita jAna par3atA hai ki vedoM meM 'yoga' zabda kaI arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| Rgveda meM yoga zabda kA artha kevala jor3anA hai| I0 pU0 700-800 taka ke nirmita vaidika sAhitya meM isakA artha indriyoM ko pravRtta karanA tathA usake bAda ke lagabhaga I0 pU0 500-600 meM likhita sAhitya meM indriyoM para niyantraNa rakhanA bhI nirdezita kiyA gayA hai| jisase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yoga kA sarvaprathama ullekha veda meM hI haA hai| veda ke bAda jaisejaise sAhitya kA vikAsa hotA gayA hai vaise-vaise yoga-sAdhanA kA upaniSad, darzana, purANa, smRti Adi granthoM meM puSpaka rUpa meM varNana milatA hai| vedoM meM yoga vedoM meM maMtroM ke dvArA yoga ke rahasyAtmaka tathya ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| maMtroM dvArA devatAoM kI stuti karate hue vibhinna tathyoM kA rahasyodghATana kiyA gayA hai, yathAjJAnI puruSa kA bhI koI yajJa-karma binA yoga ke saphala nahIM hotA, ata: indrAgni Adi deva meM unheM apanI buddhi va karmoM ko ananya rUpa se ekAgra karanA caahie| isI prakAra yoga ke pradhAna lakSaNa ko pratipAdita karate hue yajurveda ke 11 veM adhyAya ke prathama pA~ca maMtroM meM atyanta hI spaSTa evaM sarala zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai - "sabako utpanna karanevAle pahale hamAre mana aura buddhi kI vRttiyoM ko tattva kI prApti ke lie apane divya svarUpa meM lagAyeM aura agni Adi indriyAbhimAnI devatAoM ko, jo viSayoM ko prakAzita karane meM saMlagna haiM, dRSTi meM rakhate hae bAhya viSayoM se lauTAkara hamArI indriyoM meM sthiratApUrvaka sthApita kara deM, jisase hamArI indriyoM kA prakAza bAhara na jAkara buddhi aura mana kI sthiratA meM sahAyaka ho| prArthanA ke hI krama meM Rgveda meM kahA gayA hai ki hama sAdhaka loga hara yoga meM, musIbata meM parama aizvaryavAna indra kA AhvAna kreN| dIrghatamA RSi ke isa kathana se bhI yoga kI sArthakatA evaM mahanIyatA lakSita hotI hai-"maiMne prANa kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai, vaha bhinna-bhinna nAr3iyoM ke dvArA andara bAhara jAtA hai tathA vaha adhyAtma rUpa meM vAyu tathA Adideva rUpa meM sUrya hai|11 inake atirikta abhayajyoti'2 tathA paramavyoman13

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bhAratIya yoga- paramparA : eka paricaya kI prApti ke sandarbha meM bhI prakArAntara se yoga kA hI varNana huA hai| yajurveda meM kahA gayA hai sabako utpanna karanevAle paramezvara, mana aura indriyoM ke adhiSThAtA, devatAoM ko jo svarga Adi lokoM meM, AkAza meM vicarana karAnevAle tathA bhArI prakAza phailAnevAle haiM, hamAre mana aura buddhi se saMyukta hokara hameM prakAza pradAna karane ke lie prerita kareM, tAki hama una paramezvara kA sAkSAt karane ke lie dhyAna karane meM samartha hoM / 14 isI meM Age kahA gayA hai- he manuSyoM! avidyA rUpI nidrA se uThakara caitanyatApUrvaka Izvara kI stuti karanevAle evaM buddhimAna loga sarvatra vyApaka mokSadAyI jisa paramapada ko samyak rUpa se prakAzita karate haiM, usI ko tuma bhI prakAzita kro| 15 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vedoM meM maMtro ke dvArA prAkRtika vastuoM tathA vibhinna AdhAroM ke mAdhyama se stuti kara yoga ke svarUpa ko varNita kiyA gayA hai| yoga kA parama uddezya AtmA kA paramAtmA ke sAtha aikya sthApita karanA hai, jisakA spaSTa varNana Rgveda meM milatA hai| kahA gayA hai- he agnideva ! yadi maiM tU arthAt sarvasamRddhi sampanna ho jAU~ yA tU maiM ho jAU~ to mere lie tere sabhI AzIrvAda satya ho jAyeM / 16 upaniSadoM meM yoga vedoM kA jaba vistAra huA aura unake AdhAra para vibhinna vaicArika zAkhAe~ banIM taba una zAkhAoM se sambandhita alaga-alaga upaniSadoM kA pratipAdana huaa| yaha saca bhI hai ki vedoM meM aMkurita yoga ke bIja kA vikAsa evaM pallavana upaniSad kAla meM paryApta huA hai| upaniSadoM meM yoga zabda kA prayoga darzana vizeSa tathA kriyAtmaka yoga donoM arthoM meM huA hai, jise kaTha, muNDaka, chAndogyopaniSad Adi meM spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai| zvetAzvataropaniSad ke dvitIya adhyAya meM kriyAtmaka yoga kA spaSTa evaM vistAra se varNana milatA hai| isameM SaDaMga yoga kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zarIra ko girunnata arthAt chAtI, gardana aura sira unnata va sama karake manasahita indriyoM ko hRdaya meM samAveza karake brahmarUpa naukA se vidvAn loga sabhI bhayAnaka pravAhoM ko tara jaayeN| isa zarIra meM prANoM ko acchI taraha nirodha karake yuktaceSTA hoM aura prANa ke kSINa hone para nAsikAdvAra se zvAsa chor3eM aura ina duSTa ghor3o kI lagAma rUpI mana ko vidvAn apramatta hokara dhAraNa kareM 17 tathA dhyAna rUpa maMthana se atyanta gUr3ha AtmA kA darzana kreN| 18 isa prakAra upaniSadoM prayukta 'yoga' zabda AdhyAtmika artha ko prakAzita karane ke sAtha-sAtha dhyAna, tapa, samAdhi Adi ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai / 19 meM 3 yoga se sAdhaka ko AtmajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| AtmajJAna kA phala batAte hue kaThopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki kaThinatA se dikha par3anevAle gUr3ha sthAnoM meM anupraviSTa,

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana buddhi meM sthita, gahana sthAna meM rahanevAle purAtanadeva ko adhyAtma-yoga kI prApti dvArA jAnakara dhIra puruSa harSa-zoka ko tyAga detA hai|2deg phalata: sAdhaka, jo nityoM meM nitya hai, cetanoM meM cetana hai aura akelA hI bahatoM ko bhoga pradAna karanevAlA hai, sAMkhya-yoga dvArA jJAtavya usa sarvakAraNa deva ko jAnakara samasta bandhanoM se mukta ho jAtA hai|21 jo usa jJAnAtIta prakAzasvarUpa mahAn puruSa ko jAnatA hai, vaha isa saMsAra-sAgara rUpI bandhana (mRtyu) ko pAra kara jAtA hai| isake sivA paramapada prApti kA koI aura mArga nahIM hai| 22 yogasiddhi kA prabhAva batAte hue zvetAzvataropaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra mRttikA se malina huA bimba (sone yA cA~dI kA Tukar3A) zodhana kiye jAne para tejomaya hokara camakane lagatA hai, usI prakAra dehadhArI jIva Atmatattva kA sAkSAtkAra kara advitIya, kRtakRtya aura zokarahita ho jAtA hai|23 parantu jaba vaha AtmabhAva se brahmatattva kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai usa samaya usa ajanmA, nizcala aura samasta tattvoM se vizuddha deva ko jAnakara vaha sampUrNa bandhanoM se mukta ho jAtA hai|24 phalata: sAdhaka vANI aura mana se nivRtta ho jAtA hai tathA nirbhIka hokara brahmAnanda kA AsvAdana karatA hai25 tathA janmamaraNa ke bandhana se vaha sarvathA mukta ho jAtA hai|26 vibhinna upaniSadoM meM brahmapada-prApti ke lie zraddhA, tapa, brahmacarya, satya, dAna, dayA Adi kI AvazyakatA para bhI bala diyA gayA hai|27 lekina isa pada kI prApti ke lie jJAna evaM yoga arthAt AcAra aura vicAra donoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| upaniSadoM meM yoga ke prakAroM meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai| kisI meM yoga ke do prakAra (karmayoga aura jJAnayoga)28 to kisI meM cAra prakAra (maMtrayoga, rAjayoga, layayoga, haThayoga)29 batAye gaye haiN| inake atirikta upaniSadoM meM prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna, tarka aura samAdhi Adi ke varNana to milate haiM30, lekina Asana Adi kA vistRta varNana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| kaTha, muNDaka, zvetAzvatara, vRhadAraNyaka tathA chAndogyopaniSad Adi ke atirikta bhI aise bahuta se upaniSad haiM, jinameM yoga kI paryApta carcA kI gayI hai, jise "yogopaniSad saMgraha" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ina upaniSadoM kI saMkhyA 20 (bIsa) hai| inake atirikta yogarAjopaniSad ko bhI yoga kA ArSa grantha mAnA gayA hai|31 ina upaniSadoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM32 ___ advayatArakopaniSad, amRtAnAdopaniSad, amRtabindUpaniSad, kSurikopaniSad, tejobindUpaniSad, trizikha brahmaNopaniSad, darzanopaniSad, dhyAnabindUpaniSad, nAdabindUpaniSad, brahmavidyopaniSad, maNDalabrahmaNopaniSad, mahAvAkyopaniSad, yogakuNDalyupaniSad,

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bhAratIya yoga- paramparA : eka paricaya yogacUr3AmaNyupaniSad, yogatattvopaniSad, yogazikhopaniSad, varAhopaniSad, zANDilyopaniSad, haMsopaniSad, yogarAjopaniSad / uparyukta upaniSadoM ke atirikta aDyAra lAIbrerI se 17 upaniSadoM kA eka anya saMgraha prakAzita huA hai, jo yoga se sambandhita hai / 17 upaniSadeM isa prakAra haiM 1. avadhUtopaniSad, 2. AraNyopaniSad, 3. kaTharudropaniSad, 4. kuNDikopaniSad 5. jAbAlopaniSad, 6. turIyAtItAvadhUtopaniSad, 7 nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad, 8. nirvANopaniSad 9. paribrahmopaniSad, 10. paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad, 11. paramahaMsopaniSad, 12. brahmopaniSad 13. bhikSukopaniSad, 14. maitrathyupaniSad, 15. yAjJavalkyopaniSad, 16. zATyAyanIyopaniSad, 17. saMnyAsopaniSad isa prakAra yoga-sAdhanA kI pratyeka vidhAoM kA upaniSadoM meM vizad varNana kiyA gayA hai jisake phalasvarUpa hI Aja navIna navIna yoga dhArAoM kA prasphuTana ho rahA hai| parantu yaha bhI satya hai ki upaniSadoM meM varNita yoga AdhyAtmika artha ko hI vizeSata: prastuta karatA hai / mahAbhArata meM yoga mahAbhArata bhAratIya saMskRti kA eka anupama grantha hai, jo aTThAraha bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| isake anuzAsana - parva, zAntiparva tathA bhISmaparva meM maharSi vedavyAsa ne yaugika prakriyAoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| jIvana kI bahirmukhI pravRtti ko mor3akara antarmukhI kara denA hI yaugika prakriyA hai / sarvaprathama maharSi vedavyAsa ne sAdhaka ke mana ko sudRr3ha karane, indriyoM kI ora se mana ko sameTane tathA mana:pUrvaka yogAbhyAsa karane kA Adeza diyA hai, 33 kyoMki mana aticaMcala hotA hai, isalie aticaMcala indriyoM ko vaza meM karanA Avazyaka hai| jaba sAdhaka apane mana ko sthira evaM vaza meM kara le taba use hRdaya ke rAgAdi doSoM ko naSTa karake yoga meM sahAyatA pahu~cAnevAle deza, karma, anurAga, artha, upAya, apAya, nizcaya, cakSuSa, AhAra, saMhAra, mana aura darzana ina bAraha yogAMgoM ke Azraya se dhyAna yoga kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| 34 ekAnta, nirjana yA guphA Adi sthAna jo dhyAna ke lie upayogI ho, meM Asana lagAne ko dezayoga kahA jAtA hai| AhAra-vihAra, ceSTA, sonA- jAganA Adi niyamAnukUla kriyA karmayoga kahalAtA hai| paramAtmA evaM usakI prApti ke sAdhanoM meM tIvra anurAga rakhanA anurAgayoga aura kevala Avazyaka sAmagrI ko hI rakhanA arthayoga kahalAtA hai| dhyAnopayogI AsanoM meM baiThanA upAyayoga hai| saMsAra ke viSayoM aura sage-sambandhiyoM se Asakti tathA mamatA haTA lene

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko apAyayoga kahate haiN| guru aura vedazAstra ke vacanoM para vizvAsa rakhane kA nAma nizcayayoga hai| cakSu ko nAsikA ke agra bhAga para sthira karanA cakSuyoga hai| zuddha aura sAtvika bhojana kA nAma AhArayoga hai| viSayoM kI ora honevAle mana tathA indriyoM kI svAbhAvika pravRtti ko rokanA saMhArayoga kahalAtA hai| janma, mRtyu, jarA, roga Adi hone para mahAn duHkha aura doSoM kA vairAgyapUrvaka darzana karanA darzanayoga hai| jise yoga ke dvArA siddhi prApta karanI ho use ina bAraha yogoM kA Alambana karanA caahie| parantu pUrNayoga ke lie sAdhaka ke mana meM samatA evaM zAnti kA honA Avazyaka hai, ata: use ahiMsAdi kA bhI pAlana karanA caahie| yogAbhyAsa ke prathama caraNa meM sAdhaka ke samakSa moha-bhrama aura Avarta Adi anekoM vighna Ate rahate haiN| phira sugandha AtI hai aura divya zabdoM ke zravaNa evaM divya rUpoM kA sAkSAtkAra bhI hotA hai| nAnA prakAra ke adbhuta rasa aura sparza kA anubhava hone lagatA hai| icchAnukUla sardI-garmI bhI prApta hone lagatI hai| vAyu-svarUpa hokara AkAza maNDala meM calane-phirane kI kSamatA bhI A jAtI hai tathA divya bhoga apane Apa upasthita hone lagate haiN| ata: sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha yoga bala se prApta ina siddhiyoM kI ora se, jo yaugika vighna hai, apanA dhyAna mor3akara paramAtmA kI ora lgaaye|35 isI prakAra kA varNana zvetAzvataropaniSad meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai|36 ata: sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha viSaya bhogoM se indriya, mana aura baddhi ko mor3akara sarvavyApI paramAtmA ke sAtha ekatA sthApita karane kA prayAsa kre| isa taraha sAdhaka sabhI doSoM ko dhyAna ke dvArA naSTa kara paramAtmA ke svarUpa meM sthita hone ke yogya banatA hai, jahA~ se vaha vApasa nahIM lautttaa|37 paramAtma-prApti kI bAta ko vedavyAsa ne nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai - jisane apane mana ko vaza meM kara liyA hai, vahI yogI nizcala mana, buddhi aura indriyoM dvArA jisakI upalabdhi hotI hai usa ajanmA, purAtana, ajara-amara, sanAtana, nityayukta, aNu se bhI aNu aura mahAna se bhI mahAna paramAtmA kA AtmA se anubhava karatA hai|38 isa taraha mahAbhArata meM yaugika prakriyAoM kA vibhinna rUpoM meM varNana milatA hai| gItA meM yoga gItA, jo mahAbhArata kA hI aMga hai, meM yoga kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 'yoga' zabda kaI arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| kabhI vaha jJAna ke sAtha jur3akara jJAnayoga ke nAma se jAnA gayA hai to kabhI karma ke sAtha jur3akara karmayoga aura kabhI bhakti ke sAtha jur3akara bhaktiyoga ke nAma se| zaMkarAcArya ne apane bhASya meM likhA hai ki gItA jJAnayoga

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bhAratIya yoga-paramparA : eka paricaya kA pratipAdana karatI hai|39 tilaka ke anusAra gItA karmayoga kA pratipAdana karatI hai, kyoMki yaha pramANita hai ki gItA meM yoga zabda pravRttimArga arthAt karmayoga ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| ata: gItA ko karmayogazAstra kahanA koI anucita nahIM hai| isI prakAra rAmAnujAcArya, nimbArkAcArya aura zrI ballabhAcArya ke anusAra gItA kA mukhya viSaya bhaktiyoga hai| ina sabako eka jagaha saMyojita karate hue DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ne kahA hai ki gItA meM pratipAdita jJAnayoga, bhaktiyoga aura karmayoga tInoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN|42 parantu sahI mAne meM dekhA jAye to gItA meM yoga zabda do arthoM meM prayukta huA hai- prathama "yoga: karmasu kauzalam' arthAt vizeSa prakAra ke karma karane kI kuzalatA, yukti athavA caturAI yoga hai|3 dUsarA "samatvaM yoga ucyate" arthAt samatva hI yoga hai| ina donoM meM eka vyAvahArika yoga hai to dUsarA aadhyaatmik| eka sAdhana yoga hai to dUsarA sAdhya yog| hamAre bhautika jIvana meM jahA~ cetanA aura bhautika jagat arthAt vyakti aura vAtAvaraNa ke madhya samAyojana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai vahA~ yoga zabda "yoga: karmasu kauzalam' ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai, kyoMki yoga karma kA eka sAdhana hai jo usakI kuzalatA meM nihita hai| aura, jaba cetanA meM cala rahe zubha-azubha rUpI mAnasika dvandva ko pUrNa mAnasika samatva kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, taba vahA~ yoga zabda- 'samatvaM yoga ucyate' ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| ata: jJAnayoga, bhaktiyoga tathA karmayoga tInoM sAdhana-yoga ke antargata Ate haiM tathA samatvayoga sAdhya-yoga ke antrgt| samatva kA artha hI hotA hai- samabhAva se dekhnaa| zaMkarAcArya ne samatva kA artha AtmavatadRSTi kiyA hai|44 gItA ke chaThe adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti samabhAva meM sthita hokara rAga-dveSAdi se zUnya hokara pUre vizva meM apanI AtmA ke samAna hI sabake sukha-duHkha kI bhAvanA karatA hai, kisI ke bhI prati pratikUla AcaraNa nahIM karatA hai, vahI sarvazreSTha siddhayogI hai| 45 dvitIya adhyAya meM arjuna ko samajhAte hue zrI kRSNa kahate haiM ki he arjuna! jo sukha-duHkha meM samabhAva rakhatA hai usa dhIra vyakti ko indriyA~, sukha-duHkha Adi viSaya vyAkula nahIM karate, vaha mokSa yA amRtatattva kA adhikArI hotA hai| 6 ata: jo apanI indriyoM ke samUha ko bhalIbhA~ti saMyamita karake sarvatra samatvaddhi se sabhI prANiyoM ke kalyANa meM nirata rahatA hai, vaha paramAtmA ko prApta kara letA hai| jJAna, bhakti aura karma sabhI samatva ko hI prApta karane ke lie haiN| samatva ke abhAva meM jJAna cAhe kitanA bhI vizAla evaM prAmANika kyoM na ho yathArtha jJAna nahIM hotA, kyoMki samatva-darzana yathArtha jJAna kA anivArya aMga hai| gItA meM samadarzI ko hI saccA jJAnI mAnA gayA hai| 8 jJAna kA antima lakSya samatva-darzana hI hai|49 isI prakAra jo samadarzI hotA hai, vaha parama bhakti ko bhI prApta karatA hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne kahA hai ki jo samatvabhAva meM sthita hotA hai, vaha merI paramabhakti ko prApta

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana karatA hai aura samatvabhAva hone para hI vyakti kA karma akarma banatA hai| samatvabhAva se kiyA gayA koI bhI karma bandhanakArI nahIM hotA hai|51 isa prakAra samatvabhAva ke kAraNa hI jJAna yathArtha jJAna bana jAtA hai, bhakti paramabhakti bana jAtI hai aura karma akarma bana jAtA hai tathA vyakti paramAtmA ko prApta kara letA hai| aise to gItA ke aTThArahoM adhyAya meM kisI na kisI yoga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki usake pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM U~ tatsaditi zrImadbhagavadgItAsUpaniSatsu brahmavidyAyAM yogazAstre zrIkRSNArjunasaMvAde---yogo nAma-----adhyAya: Adi zabdoM kA varNana AyA hai| saMkSipta rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki gItA meM yoga kA vAstavika aura svarUpabhUta lakSaNa varNita hai, jisameM pratyeka sthiti meM AtmasaMyama, kAmanAtyAga, prANimAtra se prema, ahaMkArazUnyatA, nirbhayatA, zItoSNatA, sukha-du:kha evaM nindAstuti meM samatAbhAva Adi guNoM kI apekSA kI gayI hai| smRti granthoM meM yoga hamArI bhAratIya paramparA meM smRtiyoM ke AdhAra para bhI vyavahAra Adi kAryoM kA nirNaya hotA hai| manu, yAjJavalkya, atri, vaziSTha, gautama, parAzara, Apastamba, dakSa, harIta, zANDilya, bhAradvAja tathA vizvAmitra Adi mahAn vedavettA, dharmaparAyaNa, adhyAtmatattva meM pAraMgata aura yogajJAna sampanna RSiyoM ke dvArA zrutiyoM ke AdhAra para yaha nirmita hai| smRtiyoM meM pramukhata: sampUrNa mAnava-jAti ke prAta:kAla ke utthAna se lekara zayana, svapna aura puna: jAgaraNa taka tathA prANI ke garbha meM praveza yA garbhAdhAnakAla se antyeSTi paryanta aura paraloka se lekara punarjanma taka ke vidhAna diye gaye haiN| parantu dakSasmRti, bRhadyogiyAjJavalkyasmRti, yAjJavalkyasmRti, manusmRti, parAzarasmRti Adi meM yoga viSayaka sAmagriyA~ upalabdha hotI haiN| maharSi dakSa ne yoga kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki yoga se manuSya sampUrNa loka ko vaza meM kara sakatA hai aura binA yoga zakti ke vaha kisI ko bhI pUrNa vaza meM nahIM kara sakatA hai| binA yoga ke vyavahAra-jJAna bhI nahIM hotaa| yoga hI ekamAtra aisA sAdhana hai jisase manuSya svayaM ko bhI vaza meM kara sakatA hai| indriyoM ko nivRtta karane kI kSamatA bhI yoga meM hI hai, anyathA pramAdI svabhAvavAlI indriyA~ kisI bhI upAya se vaza meM nahIM ho sakatI haiN|52 yAjJavalkyasmRti meM maharSi ne yogI dvArA yajJa, dAna, svAdhyAya, sadAcAra, ahiMsA Adi sabhI dharmoM kA AcaraNa kiye jAne para bala diyA hai| parantu grantha ke Arambha meM hI maharSi ne yoga-sAdhanA ke dvArA paripUrNa rUpa se paramAtma

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bhAratIya yoga-paramparA : eka paricaya sAkSAtkAra ko hI mukhya lakSya kahA hai| tAtparya hai ki AcAra, dAna, ahiMsA Adi dharmoM kA samAdara karate hue yoga ke AzrayaNa se paramAtmatattva kA darzana karanA cAhie, yahI parama dharma hai|53 sAtha hI maharSi yAjJavalkya ne yoga-sAdhanA ke zArIrika arthAt vyAvahArika prakAra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| unake anusAra kisI ekAnta evaM pavitra sthAna meM kuza, mRgacarma aura usake Upara vastra bichAkara baddha padmAsana lagAkara baiThanA caahie| ThuDDI ko kaNThakUpa meM sthirakara, jihvA ko ulaTakara tAlu meM sthita kara oThoM ko isa prakAra banda karanA cAhie ki dA~toM kA paraspara eka-dUsare se sparza na ho ske| isI prakAra nizcala baiThakara paiMtAlIsa bAra cuTakI lagAne taka sAdhaka ko pUraka, kumbhaka evaM recaka prANAyAmoM kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| sampUrNa indriyoM ko unake viSayoM se sarvathA mukta kara apane citta ko zuddha AtmA meM sthita kara hRdaya meM dIpazikhA ke tulya sthita bhagavAn kA nizcala rUpa se dhyAna karanA caahie|54 manusmRti ke chaThe adhyAya meM vAnaprastha evaM saMnyAsa dharmaprakaraNa meM yoga kI mukhya rUpa se carcA kI gayI hai| kahA gayA hai ki sUkSma dRSTi prAptakara yoga dvArA AtmA ko hI dekhane kA prayatna karanA cAhie,55 sAtha hI sAdhaka ko prANAyAmoM ke dvArA zArIrika doSoM ko naSTakara, dhAraNA ke dvArA pUrva-janmArjita tathA vartamAna taka ke sAre pApoM ko dUra kara, pratyAhAra ke dvArA saMyoga yA saMsarga prApta hone para bhI unase dUra rahakara navIna doSa yA kilviSa utpanna nahIM hone denA caahie| isa prakAra adhika dera taka dhAraNA dhyAna sampanna ho jAne para yogI ko (anta:karaNa ke sarvathA zuddha ho jAne para jo jIva ke zeSa bace durguNa hote haiM, ve saba naSTa hokara) aizvarya arthAt Izvara ke sabhI guNa prApta ho jAte haiN|56 isa prakAra smRtiyoM meM bhI parivAra, varNa, Azrama, vyApAra, vyavahAra, rAjya saMcAlana Adi ke sAtha-sAtha yoga kA bhI vaijJAnika svarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| purANoM meM yoga vibhinna purANoM- ziva, vAyu, brahmANDa, skanda Adi meM yaugika kriyAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinheM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| inameM bhAgavat purANa kA sthAna sarvocca hai| bhAgavatapurANa ke tIna bhAgoM (skandhoM) meM yaugika kriyAoM kI carcA dekhane ko milatI hai| isake dvitIya bhAga ke prathama evaM dvitIya adhyAya meM, tRtIya bhAga ke paccIsaveM tathA aThThAIsaveM adhyAya meM tathA gyArahaveM bhAga ke terahaveM evaM caudahaveM adhyAya meM dhyAna-yoga kI vistRta vivecanA huI hai| viSNupurANa meM yama-niyama kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yogI ko apane mana ko samartha banAte hue niSkAma bhAva se brahmacarya, ahiMsA, satya, asteya aura aparigraha kA sevana karanA cAhie tathA mana kA

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 10 nigraha karane ke sAtha-sAtha svAdhyAya, zauca, santoSa tathA tapa karake parabrahma meM mana ko Asakta kara denA cAhie / 58 isa taraha niyamoM ke sAtha-sAtha yama bhI pA~ca kI saMkhyA meM nirUpita kiye gaye haiN| sakAma bhAva se inakA pAlana karane para ye vizeSa phala dete haiM, kintu niSkAma bhAva se pAlana karane para vimukti pradAna karate haiM / 59 viSNupurANa meM jahA~ yama-niyama ke pA~ca-pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiM vahIM bhAgavatapurANa meM donoM ke bAraha-bAraha bhedoM ke nirUpaNa kiye gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM yama ke bAraha bheda " 1- ahiMsA 5- hI 9 - mauna niyama ke bAraha bheda" 2- satya 6- asaMcaya 10- sthairya 3- asteya 7- Astikya 11- kSamA 1 - bAhya zauca 2 - Abhyantara zauca 3- japa 5 - homa 9- tIrthATana 6- zraddhA 10- parArtha ceSTA 7- Atithya 11- saMtoSa 4- asaMga 8 brahmacarya 12- abhaya bhAgavatapurANa ke tIsare skandha meM hI Asana kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ghara se nikale hue puruSa ko puNya tIrtha ke jala meM snAna kara zuddha ekAnta sthala meM bichAe hue Asana para AsIna ho yoga kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie / 6 2 isI prakAra kumbhaka, pUraka evaM recaka ke dvArA prANamArga ko zuddha karanA caahie| viSNupurANa evaM zivapurANa meM prANAyAma ke do bhedoM kA varNana AyA hai- sagarbha aura agrbh| 63 japa aura dhyAna ke binA kiyA jAnevAlA prANAyAma agarbha tathA japa aura dhyAna se saMyukta kiyA jAnevAlA prANAyAma sagarbha prANAyAma kahalAtA hai| agarbha prANAyAma se sagarbha prANAyAma gunA adhika prabhAvazAlI hotA hai, aisA zivapurANa meM kahA gayA hai| ata: yogI ko sagarbha vidhi se prANa kA saMyamana karanA caahie| 64 4- tapa 8 - bhagavad darzana 12 - AcArya sevana / isI prakAra dhyAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki hRdaya meM rahanevAle bhagavAn viSNu ke usa dhyAnasvarUpa hAsya kA, jisa hAsya ke nIce hoThoM kI lAlimA ke bhItara kundakalI-sI dantapaMkti aruNa AbhA pradAna kara rahI hai, arpitamana hokara sarasa bhakti se dhyAna karanA cAhie / 65 kahA bhI gayA hai ki yoga kA uddezya kevala kAyAkalpa yA zarIra ko sRdRr3ha banAnA hI nahIM hai, balki usakA mukhya uddezya hai bhagavAn meM citta ko lagAnA / 66 bhagavAn meM citta ko lagAnA hI bhaktiyoga hai| bhAgavatapurANa meM varNana bhI AyA hai ki

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bhAratIya yoga-paramparA : eka paricaya bhagavAn meM kI gayI bhakti ke samAna ziva, kalyANakArI pantha yogiyoM ke lie dUsarA koI nahIM hai|67 ina sabake atirikta vibhinna kathAoM ke mAdhyama se bhI yaugika kriyAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, yathA-- samAdhi dvArA kapila kI mAtA kA dehatyAga,68 dhruva kA dhyAnastha honA aadi|69 yogavAsiSTha meM yoga AdhyAtmika granthoM meM yogavAsiSTha kA ucca sthAna hai| isa grantha ke antargata RSi vasiSTha dvArA rAma ko diye hue AdhyAtmika upadeza kA bahuta hI sarasa evaM sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| inhIM upadezoM meM pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa meM yoga kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai| yoga kA zAbdika artha batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra hone kI yukti hI yoga hai| yoga ke tIna prabheda haiM 1. eka tattva kI dRr3ha bhAvanA 2. mana kI zAnti aura 3. prANoM ke spandana kA nirodh| eka tattva kI dRr3ha bhAvanA dvArA mana zAnta hotA hai aura AtmA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| isakA abhyAsa tIna prakAra se kiye jAne kA vidhAna hai| brahma bhAvanA- isameM yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki saMsAra bhara meM kevala eka hI ananta Atmatattva hai aura saba padArtha usI tattva ke nAnA nAmarUpa haiN| abhAva bhAvanA- padArthoM ko atyanta asat samajhakara unake pAramArthika abhAva kI dRr3ha bhAvanA krnaa| kevalI bhAva- vaha avasthA jisameM yogI svayaM draSTA hone ko bhI asat samajhakara apane usa AtmasvarUpa meM sthita ho jAtA hai jisameM dvaita kA koI bhAna hI nahIM hotaa| __ mana ke zAMta ho jAne para paramazAnti A jAtI hai aura saMsAra kA anubhava kSINa ho jAtA hai| yogavAsiSTha meM ahaMkAra, citta, karma, kalpanA, smRti, vAsanA, indriya, deha, padArtha Adi ko mana kA hI rUpa mAnA gayA hai|72 kahA gayA hai ki mana ke zAnta ho jAne para brahmatva kI prApti hotI hai aura prANoM kA spandana ruka jAtA hai|73 mana hI saMsAra rUpI mAyA cakra kA kendrabindu hai| mana ko jIta lene para vyakti saba kucha jIta letA hai| mana

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 12 ko zAnta karane ke vibhinna upAya haiM, yathA- jJAnayukti, saMkalpatyAga, bhogoM se virakti, vAsanA - tyAga76, ahaMbhAva kA nAza, 77 asaMga kA nAza78, kartRtvabhAva kA tyAga, sarvatyAga, 79 samAdhi kA abhyAsa, deg layakriyA 1 Adi / yoga kA tIsarA prakAra hai- prANa-nirodha / prANa-nirodha se abhiprAya hai prANoM ke spandana kA rukanA / jisa prakAra paMkhe kA hilanA banda hote hI havA kA calanA banda ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra prANoM kI gati ruka jAne para mana bhI zAnta ho jAtA hai aura mana ke zAnta ho jAne para saMsAra kA laya ho jAtA hai / 82 mana zAnta karane ke vibhinna upAya haiM, yathA- paramArtha jJAna, zAstra, sajjanoM kA saMga, sAMsArika pravRttiyoM se mana ko haTAnA, icchita vastu kA dhyAna, eka tattva kA abhyAsa, prANAyAma, Urdhvarandhra meM prANa ko le jAnA aadi| 75 - prakaraNa uparyukta tInoM prakAroM meM se kisI eka para calane se hI tInoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| ina tInoM meM mana ko zAnta kara lenA atyanta hI sarala hai| jaisA ki nirvANa-pra meM kahA gayA hai- prANoM ke nirodha kI apekSA mana ko zAnta karanA athavA tattva kA dRr3ha abhyAsa karanA adhika sarala hai| '3 ataH mana ko jIta lene se saba kucha jItA jA sakatA hai / mana hI sthUla hokara parimita jIva kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| phalataH vaha duHkha kA bhAgI banatA hai| jina kAraNoM se mana sthUlatA ko prApta kara duHkha bhogatA hai vaha haiavidyaa| avidyA ko hI sabhI duHkhoM kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai tathA isakA vinAza samyagdarzana kI prApti se hotA hai / samyagjJAna kI prApti ke bAda mana sthUlatA se sUkSmatA kI ora bar3hatA hai aura brahmatva kI prApti karatA hai| isa prakAra yogavAsiSTha ke anusAra jJAna yA yoga donoM se brahma prApti abhISTa hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki mAnava yoga dvArA apane svarUpa kI anubhUti karatA hai tathA samyagjJAna kI prApti kara paramAtmA meM avasthita ho jAtA hai| pAtaMjala yoga vaidika paramparA meM yoga ko yadi samyak svarUpa pradAna karane kA zreya kisI ko jAtA hai to ve haiM- maharSi pataMjali | maharSi pataMjali ne hI vaidika saMhitAoM aura brAhmaNagranthoM tathA upaniSadoM meM varNita yaugika prakriyAoM ko parimArjita kara yoga ko nayA svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| yoga se sambandhita unakI pramukha kRti hai- yogasUtra / aise to yogasUtra para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayI haiM, kintu sabase prAmANika evaM prasiddha vyAsabhASya mAnA jAtA hai| yogasUtra cAra pAdoM meM vibhakta hai| jisake prathama pAda meM yoga ke lakSaNa, svarUpa tathA

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bhAratIya yoga-paramparA : eka paricaya usakI prApti, dvitIya pAda meM du:khoM ke kAraNoM kA vivecana, tRtIya pAda meM dhAraNA, dhyAnaM, samAdhi evaM siddhiyoM kA tathA caturtha pAda jo kaivalyapAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, meM citta ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana huA hai| parama tattvabodha ke lie yoga eka uttama sAdhana hai| yoga ko paribhASita karate hue maharSi pataMjali ne kahA hai- citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha yoga hai|4 citta kI vRttiyA~ pA~ca haiM- pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrA aura smRti / ina pA~coM vRttiyoM ke niruddha ho jAne para hI draSTA vRttisArUpya se vinirmukta hokara svarUpa sthiti kA lAbha karatA hai| pAtaMjala yogadarzana kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya hai- aSTAGga yoga / aSTAGga yoga kA nirUpaNa mana kI zuddhi karake kramaza: AtmasvarUpa meM sthita hone ke lie kiyA gayA hai| yoga ke ATha aMga nimna haiM- yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura smaadhi| isa prakAra tapa, svAdhyAya, Izvara- praNidhAna Adi kriyAyoga tathA samAdhiyoga ke abhyAsa se yoga kI siddhi hotI hai| ata: kalyANa cAhanevAle puruSoM ko apane iSTa deva paramAtmA ke svarUpa meM hI samAdhi lagAnI caahie| yoga ke uparyukta ATho aMgoM ke bhalIbhA~ti anuSThAna se mala aura AvaraNAdi doSoM ke kSaya hone para vivekakhyAti paryanta jJAna kI dIpti hotI hai| 6 phalata: vivekakhyAti se avidyA kA nAza hotA hai aura kaivalyapada kI prApti hotI hai| advaitavedAnta meM yoga advaitavedAnta meM yoga kI pradhAnatA hai| jaisA ki zaMkarAcArya ne kahA hai "brahma satyam jagat mithyaa|" arthAt, ekamAtra brahma hI satya hai aura yaha jagata mithyA hai, asatya hai| isa mithyA jagata meM mAyA ke kAraNa hI jIva nAnA yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| ata: Atmadarzana meM magna rahakara tathA yogArur3ha hokara hI isa saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAyA rUpI avidyA ke kAraNa hI citta svayaM ko nahIM pahacAna pAtA hai| isa mAyA rUpI avidyA ke AvaraNa ko haTAne ke lie vivekacUr3AmaNi meM sAdhana catuSTaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ve cAra sAdhana nimna haiM-8- nityAnitya vastu vairAgya, SaT sampattiyA~ tathA mumukssutv| nityAnitya vastu viveka - sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki kyA nitya hai aura kyA anitya? jo hamezA eka hI taraha se rahatA hai aura sadA upasthita rahatA hai, use nitya kahate haiM tathA nitya ke atirikta jo kucha bhI hai vaha

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14 anitya hai| vairAgya - sAdhaka ko laukika tathA pAralaukika bhogoM se virakta honA caahie| Atma-prema ke lie anya vastuoM ke prema ko tyAga denA cAhie / SaT sampattiyA~ - zama, dama, upariti, titikSA, zraddhA aura samAdhAna ina SaT sampattiyoM kA pAlana karanA caahie| mumukSutva sAdhaka ko mokSa prApti ke lie apane saMkalpa ko dRr3ha banAnA cAhie / isa prakAra barAbara sAdhanArata rahane se jIva ke vibhinna karmoM ke saMskAra naSTa ho jAte haiM aura usakI niSThA brahma meM balavatI ho jAtI hai| sAtha hI brahma aura jIva eka ho jAte haiN| jaba jIva aura brahma eka ho jAte haiM, taba jIva ke samasta ahaMkArAdi doSa naSTa ho jAte haiN| mAyA ke kAraNa jIva AtmasvabhAva ko bhUlA rahatA hai| jJAna kI prApti hote hI use AtmasvabhAva kI prApti ho jAtI hai aura brahma ke sAtha usakA tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai| yahI mokSa hai| vivekacUr3AmaNi meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki zraddhA, dhyAna aura yoga mukti ke kAraNa haiM aura inase hI dehabandhana ko paritrANa milatA hai / 89 sandarbha jaina evaM bauddha paramparA meM yoga- ina donoM paramparAoM meM mAnya yoga-sAdhanA kA vistRta vivecana agale adhyAya meM kiyA jAyegA / 2. 3. 4. j w 9 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 5. 6. 7. - Mohan-Jodaro and the Indus Civilization, p. 52-53. Ibid-p.53 History of Ancient India, R. S. Tripathi, p. 25. The distinction between Aryan and Un Aryan or which so much has been built, seems on the mass of the evidence in indicate a cultural rather than racid diggerence. On the Veda - p. 24 Pre-historic Regvedic Culture of the pre-historic Indus, P. 38 hiraNyagarbho yogasya vaktA nAnyaH purAtanaH / mahAbhArata, 12 / 349/65 sadhA no yoga A bhuvat / Rgveda, 1/5/3 sa dhInAM yogaminvati / - vahI, 1/18/7

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8. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. bhAratIya yoga- paramparA : eka paricaya kadA yogo vAjino rAsabhasya - vahI, 1/34/9 vAjayanniva nU rathAn yogAM agnerUpa stuhi / vahI, 2/8/1 yogakSema va AdAyA'haM bhUyAsamuttama A vo bhuurdhaanmkrmiim|| vahI, 10 / 166/5 Philosophical Essays, S.N. Das Gupta, University of Calcutta, 1941 p. 179 yasmAdRte na sidhyati yajJo vipazcittazcan / sa dhInAM yogaminvati / / Rgveda, 1/18/17 yuJjAnaH prathamaM manastattvAya savitA dhiyaH / agnejyotirnicAyya pRthivyA adhyAbharat / / yajurveda, 11/1 apazyaM gopAmaniMpadyamAna mA ca parA ca pathibhizcarantam / sa sadhIcIH sa viSUcIrvasAna A varIvarti bhuvaneSvantaH // Rgveda, 1/164/31, 10/177/3 adite mitra varuNota mRLa yad vo vayaM cakramA kaccidAgaH / urvazyAmabhayaM jyotirindra mA no dIrghA abhi nazantamisrA: / / vahI, 2 /27/14 vahI, 1/143/3 yuktvAya savitA devAntsvaryato dhiyA divam / vRhajjotiH kariSyataH savitA pra suvAti tAn / / yajurveda, 11/2 tadviprAso vipanvayo jAgRvAMsaH samindhate / viSNoryatparamaM padam / / vahI, 31 / 15 yadagne syAmahaM tvaM tvaM vA ghA syA aham / syuSTe satyA ihAziSaH / / Rgveda, 8/44/23 trirunnata~ sthApya samaM zarIraM hRdIndriyANi manasA saMnivezya / brahmoDupena pratareta vidvAn srotAMsi sarvANi bhayAvahAni / / prANAnprapIDyeha saMyuktaceSTaH kSINe prANe nAsikayocch vsiit|| duSTAzvayuktamiva vAhamenaM vidvAn mano dhArayetApramataH / zvetAzvataropaniSad, 2/8-9 dhyAnanirmathanAbhyAsAddevaM pazyennigUDhavat / vahI, 1 / 14 chAndogyopaniSad, 7/6/1 15 taM durdarza gUDhamanupraviSTaM guhAhitaM gahvareSTaM puraannm| adhyAtmayojJAdhigamena devaM matvA dhIro harSa zokau jahAti || kaThopaniSad, 1/2/12 nityo nityAnAM cetanazcetanAnAmeko bahUnAM yo vidadhAti kAmAn / tatkAraNaM sAMkhyayogAdhigamyaM jJAtvA devaM mucyate sarvapAzaiH / vedAhametaM puruSaM mahAntamAdityavarNaM tamasaH prstaat| tameva viditvA'ti mRtyumeti nAnyaH panthA vidyte'ynaayaa| vahI, 3/8 zvetAzvataropaniSad,6/13

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 28. yathaiva bimbaM sRdayopaliptaM tejomayaM bhrAjate tatsudhAntam / tadvAtmatattvaM prasamIkSya dehI ekaH kRtArthoM bhavate viitshokH| vahI, 2/14 yadAtmatattvena tu brahmatattvaM dIpopameneha yuktaH prapazyet / ajaM dhruvaM sarvatattvairvizudvaM jJAtvA devaM mucyate srvpaashaiH|| vahI, 2/15 yato vAco nivartante ||apraapy manasA sh|| AnandaM brahmaNo vidvAn na bibheti kutshcneti|| taittirIyopaniSad, 3/19 teSu brahmalokeSu parA: parAvato vasanti teSAM na punraavRttiH| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 6/2/15 athottareNa tapasA brahAcaryeNa zraddhayA vidyayA''tmAnamanviSyAdityamabhijayante / praznopaniSad-1/10 satyameva jayati nAnRtaM satyena panthA vitato devyaanH| muNDakopaniSada, 3/1/6 tadetat trayaM zikSedadamaM dAnaM dyaamiti| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 6/2/16 karma kartavyamityeva vihiteSveva krmsu| bandhanaM manaso nityamaM karmayogaH sa ucyte| yatacittasya satatamarthe zreyasi bndhnm| jJAnayoga: sa vijJeyaH sarvasidvikaraH shivH| yasyoktalakSaNe yoge dvividhe'pyavyayaM mnH| trikhikhibahmaNopaniSad, 25-27 yogo hi bahudhA brahmanmidyate vyvhaartH| maMtrayogo layazcaiva haTho'sau raajyogtH|| yogatattvopaniSad, -19 pratyAhArastathA dhyAnaM prANAyAmo'tha dhaarnnaa| tarkazcaiva samAdhizca SaDaGgo yoga ucyte|| amRtAnAdopaniSad, 6 kalyANa (yogatattvAGka) apaila 1991 kalyANa (yogatattvAGka), apraila 91 ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai| anuzAsana parva (mahA0) -145/1200, zAntiparva (mahA0)- 195/11 chinnadoSo muniyogAn yukto yuJjIta dvaadsh| deshkrmaanuraagaarthaanupaayaapaaynishcyaiH|| cakSurAhArasaMhArairmanasA darzanena c| vahI, 236/3-4 vahI, 240/23-24 nIhAradhUmArkAnilAnalAnAM khdyotvidhutsphttikshshiinaam| etAni rUpANi puraHsarANi brahmaNyabhiNyaktikarANi yogezvetAzvataropaniSad, 2/11 nAvartante puna: pArtha muktA saMsAradoSata: janmadoSa parikSINA: svabhAve pryvsthitaaH| - zAntiparva (mahA0), 195/3 r 30. sh lh sh lh 36.

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bhAratIya yoga-paramparA : eka paricaya 38. 42. 44. 45 47. 51. 52. ajaM purANamajaraM sanAtanaM yadindriyairUpalabheta nishclaiH| aporaNIyo mahato mahattaraM tadAtmanA pazyati muktmaatmvaan|| zAntiparva (mahA0), 240/35 gItA (zAMkara bhASya), 2/11 40. gItA rahasya, pR0 60 gItA (rAmAnujAcArya), 1/1 bhagavadgItA (rAdhAkRSNan), pR0 82 43. gItA, 2/50 gItA (zAMkara bhASya), 6/32 Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjn| sakhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI paramo mtH| gItA, 6/32 yaM hi na vyathayantyete puruSaM purUSarSabha / samaduHkhasukhaM dhIraM soDamRtatvAya kalpate / / vahI, 2/15 vahI, 12/3-4 48. vahI, 5/18 vahI, 13/27-28 50. vahI, 18/54 vahI, 2/38 loko vazIkRto yena yena cAtmA vshiikRtH| indriyArtho jito yena taM yogaM prbrviimyhm|| dakSasmRti, 7/1 ijyAcAradamAhiMsAdAnaM svAdhyAyakarma ca / ayaM tu paramo dhammoM yadyogenAtmadarzanam / / yAjJavalkyasmRti, 1/8 kalyANa (yoga tattvavAGka) apraila, 1992, pR0 25 sUkSmatAM cAnvekSeta yogena prmaatmnH| manusmRti, 6/15 vahI, 6/72 brahmacaryamahisAM ca styaasteyaaprigrhaan| seveta yogI niSkAmo yogyatAM svmnonyn|| viSNupurANa, 6/7/36 vahIM, 6/7/37 ___ 59. vahI, 6/7/38 ahiMsA satyamasteyamasaMgo hiirsNcyH| AstikyaM brahmacaryaM ca maunaM sthairya kssmaabhym|| bhAgavatapurANa, 11/19/33 vahI, 11/19/34 62. vahI, 2/1/6 viSNupurANa, 6/7/40 agarbhazca garbhasaMyukta prANAyAma: shmaadhikH| tasmAdgarbha kurvanti yogina: praannsNymm|| agarbhazca sagarbhazca prANAyAmo dvidhA smRtH| japadhyAnavinAgarbha: sgrbhsttsmnvyaat||shivpuraann (vAyavIya saMhitA), 37/33 53. 54. 55. 61

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18 64. 66. 67. 69. 71. 72. 73. 75. 76. 78. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. vahI, 37/34 65. yogaM niSavato nityaM kAyazcet klptaamiyaat| tacchradradhyAnna matimAn yogamutsRjya matparaH / / vahI, 11/28/43 68. vahI, 3/33/27 70. jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana vahI, 3/25/19 vahIM, 4/8/77 vahI, 68/48 vahI, 5/86/9 vahIM, yogavAsiSTha, 6 / 114/17, 6/7/11, 6/139/1, 3/110/46 74. vahI (nirvANa prakaraNa), 111/31 bhAgavatapurANa, 3/28/33 vahI, 5 / 62/8 vahI (nirvANa prakaraNa), 128/21-25 yogavAsiSTha (nirvANa prakaraNa), 13/3 5/24/37-38 77. vahI, 3/22/8 vahI ( upa0 prakaraNa ), 68/479. vahI, 5/58/44 vahI ( sthiti - prakaraNa), 33/48 yogavAsiSTha, 5/78/115-16 vahI (nirvANa - prakaraNa), 13 / 7-8 yogazcittavRttinirodhaH | yoga darzana, 1/2 yamaniyamA''sanaprANAyAmapratyAhAradhAraNAdhyAnasamAdhayo'STAvaGgAni / yogadarzana, yogAGgAnuSThAnAdazuddhikSaye jnyaandiiptiraavivekkhyaate| vahI, 2/28 uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM magnaM saMsAravAridhau / yogarUDhatvamAsAdya samyagdarzananiSThayA / vivekacUr3AmaNi, 9 Adau nityAnityavastuvivekaH parigaNyate / ihaamutrphlbhogviraagstdnntrm| zamAdiSaTkasampattirmumukSutvamiti sphuTam || vivekacUr3AmaNi, 1980 zraddhAbhaktidhyAnayogAnmumukSormukterhetUnvakti sAkSAcchrutegaH / yo vA eteSveva tiSThatyamuSya mokSo'vidyAkalpitAddehabandhAt / vahI, 48 / 2/29

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dvitIya adhyAya yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha bhAratIya AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA meM yoga-sAdhanA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| sampUrNa bhAratIya dharma-darzana meM yoga-sAdhanA ko eka svara meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai - cAhe vaha vaidika dharma-darzana ho yA jaina evaM bauddha dharma-darzana / kintu kucha sandarbhoM meM sAmya hote hue bhI tInoM apane andara kucha viziSTatA ko saMjoye hue haiM jinase inakI apanI sAMskRtika jhalaka spaSTa dikhAI par3atI hai| yoga hI mAnava jIvana ke sarvopari lakSya kA sAdhana hai| sabhI dharma evaM darzanoM meM jIvana-mukti ko mAnava-jIvana kA parama dhyeya mAnA gayA hai / jIvana - mukti binA Atma-vikAsa ke saMbhava nahIM hai aura Atma-vikAsa binA yoga-sAdhanA ke| ataH bhAratIya paramparA ke samasta vicArakoM, tattva- -cintakoM evaM mananazIla RSi-muniyoM ne yoga kI mahattA ko eka svara se svIkAra kiyA hai| antara sirpha itanA hI hai ki kisI ne yoga kA prayoga adhyAtma kI unnata bhUmikA ke lie kiyA hai to kisI ne vyavahAra kI unnata bhUmikA ke lie aura kisIkisI ne adhyAtma evaM vyavahAra donoM pakSoM ko samunnata karane ke lie yoga kA prayoga kiyA hai| upaniSadoM meM yoga ko brahma ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra karAnevAlI kriyA kahA gayA hai to gItA meM usI ko karma karane kI kuzalatA ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha yoga hai to bauddha darzana meM bodhisatva kI prApti karAnevAlI kriyA yoga hai| isI prakAra jaina yoga meM AtmA kI zuddhi karAnevAlI kriyAoM ko yoga kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra yoga ko eka viziSTa kriyA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jisake antargata aneka prakAra ke dhyAna tathA tapa kA samAveza hotA hai / parantu ina sabakA ekamAtra lakSya AtmA kA vikAsa hI hotA hai| yoga ke sabhI pahaluoM para gaharAI se vicAra karane ke lie usake sabhI pakSoM ko dekhanA Avazyaka hai, yathA-yoga kA zAbdika artha kyA hai? yoga kI paribhASA kyA hai? yoga ke kitane prakAra haiM ? mahattva kyA hai ? Adi Adi ...... ......

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20 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana yoga kA zAbdika artha saMyoga, samparka, yukti, upAya, niyama, vidhAna, sUtra, upayuktatA, vazIkaraNa, dhyAna, cittavRti nirodha, nirvANa, avadhAna, samAdhi Adi zabda yoga ke hI paryAya haiN| sAmAnyatayA 'yoga' zabda kA artha saMyoga, milana yA mela se liyA jAtA hai| yA, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki do athavA do se adhika kA milakara eka ho jAnA yoga hai| gaNitazAstra meM bhI yoga kA artha jor3anA yA milAnA hI kiyA jAtA hai, kintu yahA~ para yoga pada se jor3anA artha lene para yoga ke vAkyamANa lakSaNa se virodha hogaa| vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se dekheM to 'yoga' zabda 'yuj' dhAtu se banA hai| 'yuj' dhAtu bhI do prakAra ke haiM jinameM eka kA artha jor3anA yA saMyojita karanA hai to dUsare kA artha samAdhi, manaH sthiratA Adi hai| prAcIna jaina evaM bauddha sAhitya meM yoga zabda (prAkRta kA joga) kA prayoga eka vizeSa artha meM huA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 'yuj samAdhau' (divAdigaNIya, yujyate)', 'yujir yoge' (rUdhAdigaNIya, yunakti, yukr3ate) ' tathA 'yuj saMyamane' ye tIna dhAtue~ upalabdha hotI haiN| yoga zabda jaba 'yuj samAdhau ' dhAtu meM 'dhaJ' pratyaya lagane se niSpanna hotA hai taba usakA artha samAdhi hotA hai aura jaba 'yujira yoge' yA 'yujapI yoge' dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai taba usakA artha jor3anA yA saMzodhita karanA hotA hai| vaidika paramparA meM yoga zabda kahIM-kahIM 'yuga' zabda ke rUpa meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai 'jotanA' / yahA~ para 'yuga' zabda prAcIna Arya zabda kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| yoga zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue DaoN surendranAtha dAsa guptA likhate haiM- "yoga zabda tIna dhAtuoM se nikalA hai / yathA- 'yujir yoge' jo eka sAtha milane yA yukta hone ke artha meM liyA jAtA hai; 'yuj samAdhau ' jo ekAgratA ke artha ko niSpanna karatA hai aura 'yuja saMyamane' jo niyantrita athavA niruddha hone ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| * jaina evaM bauddha sAhitya meM prayukta 'yoga' zabda kA sambandha 'yujira yoge' se hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| prAkRta 'joga' zabda kA sAmAnya artha kriyA hai, jo prazasta evaM aprazasta yA zubha evaM azubha donoM prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| " AcArya haribhadra ne yoga kA niruktiparaka artha 'yujira yoge' svIkAra kiyA hai| kahA hai- jo AtmA ko kevalajJAna Adi parama sAttvika tathA jJAna cetanA ke sAtha jor3atA hai, vaha yoga hai| bauddha sAhitya meM yoga zabda kA prayoga bandhana yA saMyojana ke artha meM huA hai, jo pramukhataH cAra prakAra ke haiM - kAmayoga, bhavayoga, dRSTiyoga, avidyaayog| isake samAnAntara apara zabda Asrava, ogha evaM upAdAna bhI hai| isa prakAra 'yuj' zabda jor3ane ke artha meM prayukta hone ke sAtha hI sAtha samAdhi evaM kriyA ke rUpa meM bhI vyavahRta huA hai|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha yoga kI paribhASA vastuta: yoga zabda saMskRta kA zabda hai jisakA bhAva yaha hai ki jo apane Apa ko samajhate haiM usase Apa sarvathA bhinna haiN| tattvata: jo Apa haiM usase saMyukta karanevAlI sAdhanA hI yoga hai| yoga ko sabhI paramparAoM meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai, parantu usako vyavasthita aura samyak rUpa pradAna karane kA zreya maharSi pataMjali ko jAtA hai| "citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha hI yoga hai| kucha vicAraka yoga kI isa paribhASA para Apatti uThAte hue kahate haiM ki cittavRttiyoM ko durbala evaM kSINa to kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu unakA pUrNa nirodha asambhava hai, kyoMki vRttiyoM ke pravAha kA nAma hI citta hai| ataH cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM ho sktaa| kAraNa ki cittavRttiyoM kA pUrNa nirodha yadi hotA hai to citta ke astitva kA hI nAza ho jaayegaa| phalata: niruddhAvasthA meM na to koI karma bana sakatA hai aura na hI koI saMskAra, sAtha hI smRtiyA~ bhI nahIM bana pAyeMgI jo samAdhi se uThane ke bAda karma karane meM sahAyaka hoN| yoga kI uparyukta paribhASA ekAntata: niSedhaparaka artha ko hI abhivyakta nahIM karatI hai, balki vidheyAtmaka bhAva kI bhI sUcaka hai| rokane ke sAtha karane kA bhI sambandha jur3A huA hai| ata: 'citta-vRtti nirodha' kA vAstavika artha hai ki sAdhaka apanI saMsArAbhimukha cittavRttiyoM ko rokakara apanI sAdhanA ko sAdhya siddhi yA mokSa ke anukUla bnaaye| apanI manovRttiyoM ko sAMsArika prapaMcoM evaM viSaya-vAsanAoM se haTAkara mokSAbhimukha bnaaye| cittavRtti nirodha se yahI artha dhvanita hotA hai| mAnasika vRttiyoM kA niyantraNa evaM ekAgratA donoM hI eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, kyoMki mAnasika vRttiyoM ke niyantraNa ke abhAva meM ekAgratA sambhava nahIM hai aura ekAgratA ke binA brahma-sAkSAtkAra kA honA asambhava hai| jaina paramparA meM yoga kA svarUpa jaina vicAraka mokSa prApta karanevAlI kriyA ko yoga kahate haiN| jainAgamoM meM saMvara zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jo eka vizeSa pAribhASika shbd,hai| Asrava-nirodha kA nAma saMvara hai|" samavAyAMga meM pA~ca Asrava batAye gaye haiM- mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yog|11 jinameM mithyAtva, kaSAya aura yoga ko pramukha mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki yoga darzana meM jise cittavRtti kahA gayA hai, usI ko jaina paramparA meM Asrava rUpI yoga ke nAma se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| ata: pataMjali kA 'yoga' zabda 'saMvara' zabda kA hI samAnArthaka hai| yoga ko paribhASita karate hue sthAnAMga meM kahA gayA hai - mana, vacana aura zarIra kI kriyAoM se utpanna Atma-pradezoM kA kampana jisase karma

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22 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana paramANuoM kA bandha hotA hai, yoga hai|12 AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra sabhI prakAra ke viparIta abhinivezoM ko tyAgakara jinendradeva kathita tattvoM se svayaM ko bhAvita karate hue nija-svabhAva meM sthita honA yoga hai|13 AcArya pUjyapAda ne samAdhitaMtra meM kahA hai - maiM jisa rUpa ko dekhatA hU~, vaha sarva prakAra se ajJa hai, jo jJAtA hai vaha adRzya hai; ata: maiM kisase boluuN| isa prakAra bAhya vacanavRtti ko tyAgakara antarvRtti kA bhI sampUrNa rUpa se tyAga karanA caahie| yaha saMkSepa meM paramAtmA ko prakAzita karanevAlA yoga hai|14 AcArya haribhadra jinheM jaina paramparA meM yoga viSayaka avadhAraNA ko parimArjita karane kA zreya jAtA hai, ke anusAra - 'mokSa-tattva ke sAtha saMyoga karAnevAlA dharma-vyApAra yoga kahalAtA hai|' 15 yogabindu meM unhoMne kahA hai - dhArmika kriyA-kalApa, AdhyAtmika bhAvanA, samatA kA vikAsa, manovikAroM kA kSaya, mana, vacana, kAya ko sampAdita karanevAle dhArmika kriyA-kalApa hI zreSTha yoga haiN|16 sAmAnya taura para kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya ne AtmA kI vizuddhi ke sabhI sAdhanoM ko yoga kahA hai| isI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne yoga ko mokSa kA kAraNa mAnate hue use jJAna, darzana aura cAritrAtmaka kahA hai|17 isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM yoga kA artha citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha evaM mokSaprApaka dharma-vyApAra hai| yahA~ vahI dharma-vyApAra mAnya hai jo mokSa ke lie anukUla mArga nirdhArita karatA hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki yoga samasta svAbhAvika AtmazaktiyoM kI pUrNa vikAsa-kriyA arthAt AtmonmukhI eka ceSTA hai| ___ yoga ke prakAra jaina sAhitya meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak-cAritra ko mokSamArga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|8 yaha trividha yoga ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| parantu prAcIna Agama uttarAdhyayanA aura darzanapAhuDara meM caturvidha mArga kA bhI varNana milatA hai| yogasAdhanA ke usa cauthe mArga kA nAma hai- smyk-tp| lekina prAcIna kAla se jaina paramparA meM samyak-tapa kA svataMtra astitva rahA hai| ata: yahA~ usakA svataMtra rUpa meM hI varNana karanA ucita hai| samyagdarzana samyagdarzana sAmAnyata: sAta tattvoM kA yA vizeSa rUpa se Atma-anAtma kA yathArtha bodha hai| yA,kaha sakate haiM ki sAta tattvoM21 ke prati zraddhA kA honA samyagdarzana

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha hai| samyagdarzana jaina AcAra-vyavasthA kI AdhArazilA hai| samyagdRSTi, tattvaruci, tattvazraddhA, vizvAsa, pratIti, ruci Adi isake aneka paryAya haiN| binA yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke sAdhanA nahIM ho sktii| sAdhaka ko vastutattva ke prati dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA jina mAdhyamoM se prApta hotI hai, ve do prakAra kI haiM- (1) vyakti yA to svayaM tattva sAkSAtkAra kare yA (2) una RSiyoM ke kathanoM para zraddhA kare jinhoMne tattva sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| tattvazraddhA to eka vikalpa ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki vaha tattva sAkSAtkAra kA eka sopAna hai| paMDita sukhalAla saMghavI ke zabdoM meM- "tattvazraddhA hI samyagdRSTi ho to bhI vaha artha antima nahIM hai, antima artha to tattva sAkSAtkAra hai / tattvazraddhA to tattva sAkSAtkAra kA eka sopAna mAtra hai, vaha sopAna dRr3ha ho tabhI yathocita puruSArtha se tattva sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / 22 uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki binA samyagdarzana ke samyagjJAna nahIM hotA aura samyagjJAna ke abhAva meM sadAcAra nahIM AtA aura sadAcAra ke abhAva meM karmAvaraNa se mukti sambhava nahIM hotI tathA karmAvaraNa se jakar3e hue prANI kA nirvANa nahIM hotA / 23 sadAcaraNa aura asadAcaraNa kA nirdhAraNa kartA ke dRSTikoNa para nirbhara karatA hai| bhale hI vyakti vidvAn hai, bhAgyavAna hai, parAkramI bhI hai, lekina yadi usakA dRSTikoNa asamyak hai to usakA dAna, tapa Adi samasta puruSArtha phalAkAMkSA hone se azuddha hI hogaa| vaha use mukti kI ora na agrasara karake bandhana kI ora prerita karegA, kyoMki asamyagdarzI hone ke kAraNa usakA dRSTikoNa sarAga hogA aura Asakti yA phalAzA se niSpanna hone ke kAraNa usake sabhI kArya salAbha hoMge aura salAbha hone se usake sabhI kArya bandhana ke kAraNa hoNge| ata: asamyak - dRSTi kA sArA puruSArtha azuddha ho jAyegA, kyoMki vaha usakI mukti meM bAdhaka hogaa| lekina isake viparIta samyagdRSTi yA vItarAgadRSTi sampanna vyakti ke sabhI kArya phalAzA se rahita hone se zuddha hoNge| 24 yahA~ samyaktva kA vizleSaNa aneka apekSAoM se kiyA gayA hai tAki usake vividha pahaluoM para prakAza pdd'e| samyaktva ke bheda 23 trividha bheda - apekSA bheda se samyaktva ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM- kAraka, rocaka aura dIpaka / 25 kAraka samyaktva jisa samyak dRSTikoNa ke hone para vyakti sadAcaraNa yA samyak cAritra kI sAdhanA meM agrasara hotA hai vaha kAraka samyaktva kahalAtA hai| yadi naitika rUpa se kaheM to kAraka samyaktva zubhAzubha viveka kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM vyakti jisa zubha kA nizcaya karatA hai, usakA AcaraNa bhI karatA hai|

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24 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana rocaka samyaktva- satya-asatya kA viveka hone para bhI satya kA AcaraNa nahIM kara pAnA rocaka samyaktva kahalAtA hai| yaha satyabodha kI aisI avasthA hai, jisameM vyakti zubha ko zubha aura azubha ko azubha ke rUpa meM jAnatA hai aura zubha prApti kI icchA bhI karatA hai, lekina usake lie prayAsa nahIM krtaa| dIpaka samyaktva- dIpaka samyaktva vaha avasthA hai jisameM vyakti apane upadeza se dUsaroM meM tattvajijJAsA utpanna kara detA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa honevAle yathArtha bodha kA kAraNa banatA hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki dIpaka samyaktvavAlA vyakti vaha hai jo dUsaroM ko sanmArga para lagA dene kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai, lekina svayaM kumArga kA rAhI banA rahatA hai| dvividha bheda- sthAnAMga meM nisargaja samyaktva aura adhigamaja samyaktva ke rUpa meM samyaktva kA dvividha vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai nisargaja samyaktva- nisargaja arthAt jisakI prApti svata: anubhUti ke dvArA ho yA yU~ kaheM ki binA kisI guru ke upadeza ke svAbhAvika rUpa meM svata: utpanna hone vAlA satya bodha nisargaja samyaktva kahalAtA hai| adhigamaja samyaktva- guru Adi ke upadeza rUpa nimitta se honevAlA satya bodha adhigamaja samyaktva ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra meM dravya evaM bhAva tathA nizcaya evaM vyavahAra rUpa meM bhI samyaktva ke dvividha bheda kiye gaye haiN| jo nimna prakAra se haiM27 dravya samyaktva-vizuddha rUpa se pariNata kie hue mithyAtva ke karma-paramANu dravya samyaktva hai| bhAva samyaktva- vizuddha pudgala vargaNA ke nimitta se honevAlI tattvazraddhA bhAva-samyaktva hai| nizcaya samyaktva- maiM svayaM hI apanA Adarza hU~, deva, guru aura dharma merI AtmA haiN| aisI dRr3ha zraddhA kA honA hI nizcaya samyaktva kahalAtA hai| rAga-dveSa aura moha kA atyalpa ho jAnA, para-padArthoM se bhedajJAna evaM sva-svarUpa meM ramaNa, deha meM rahate hue dehAdhyAsa kA chUTa jAnA Adi nizcaya samyaktva ke lakSaNa haiN| vyavahAra samyaktva- vItarAga meM devabuddhi, pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karanevAle

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 25 muniyoM meM gurubuddhi aura jinapraNIta dharma meM siddhAntabuddhi rakhanA vyavahAra samyaktva kahalAtA hai| samyaktva ke pA~ca aMga samyaktva kI sAdhanA ke lie jaina graMthoM meM sama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA tathA Astikya ina pA~ca aMgoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|28 ye hamAre vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI inhIM rUpoM meM abhivyakta hote haiN| jaba taka sAdhaka ina pA~ca aMgoM ko nahIM aMgIkAra kara letA taba taka vaha yathArtha yA satya kI ArAdhanA meM samartha nahIM ho sakatA hai| sama-'sama' zabda ke do artha dekhe jAte haiM- (1) samAnubhUti yA tulyatA bodha yAnI sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna smjhnaa| (2) cittavRtti kA samabhAva yAnI sukhaduHkha, hAni-lAbha evaM anukUla-pratikUla donoM sthitiyoM meM citta ko samabhAva rkhnaa| yadi sAmAnya bhASA meM kaheM to krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko zAnta karanA hI sama samyaktva hai| saMvega- saMvega arthAt smyk-gti| saMvega kA pratiphala batAte hue uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai- saMvega se mithyAtva kI vizuddhi hokara yathArtha darzana kI upalabdhi (ArAdhanA) hotI hai|29 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke zabdoM meM sAmAnya artha meM saMvega zabda anubhUti ke lie prayukta hotA hai| yahA~ isakA tAtparya hogA svAnubhUti, AtmAnubhUti athavA AtmA ke Anandamaya svarUpa kI anubhuuti|3" yaha mokSa-prApti kI kAmanA ko janma detA hai| nirveda- sAMsArika kriyAoM ke prati udAsIna bhAva rakhanA niveda hai| isake abhAva meM sAdhanA ke mArga para calanA asaMbhava hai| yaha viSaya bhogoM ke prati anAsakti paidA karatA hai| anukampA- dUsare vyakti ke duHkha se pIr3ita hone para tadanukUla anubhUti kA utpanna honA anukampA hai| ise hama dUsarI bhASA meM yadi kahanA cAheM to kaha sakate haiM ki dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ko apanA sukha-duHkha samajhanA arthAt maitrI bhAvanA rakhanA hI anukampA hai| Astikya- jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra puNya-pApa, punarjanma, karma-siddhAnta aura AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karanA samyak Astikya hai| samyaktva prApti ke bAdhaka tattva samyaktva prApti meM tIna bAdhaka tattva mAne gaye haiM jinheM tIna dUSaNa yA aticAra bhI kahate haiN| dUSaNa yA aticAra vaha doSa hai jisase vrata bhaMga to nahIM hotA, parantu satya

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana yA yathArthatA kA vizuddha svarUpa usase prabhAvita hotA hai| ve tIna doSa nimna haiM (1) cala- cala doSa se tAtparya sAdhaka ke hRdaya se hai, jo samyaktva ke prati dRr3ha rahatA hai; parantu kabhI-kabhI kSaNika rUpa se vaha bAhya AvegoM se prabhAvita ho jAtA hai| (2) mala- mala ve doSa haiM jinase yathArtha dRSTikoNa kI nirmalatA prabhAvita hotI haiN| ye pA~ca haiM- (ka) zaMkA- vItarAya yA arhat ke kathanoM para zaMkA karanA, usakI yathArthatA ke prati saMdehAtmaka dRSTikoNa rakhanA zaMkA hai| (kha) AkAMkSA- naitika evaM dhArmika AcaraNa ke phala kI kAmanA karanA AkAMkSA hai| (ga) vicikitsA- sadAcaraNa kA pratiphala milegA yA nahIM aisA saMzaya karanA vicikitsA hai| jaina matAnusAra naitika karmoM kI phalAkAMkSA evaM phala-saMzaya donoM ko hI anucita mAnA gayA hai|32 (gha) mithyAdraSTiyoM kI prazaMsA- jina logoM kI dRSTiyA~ samyaka nahIM haiM unakI prazaMsA krnaa| (Ga) mithyAdRSTiyoM kA ati paricaya- sAdhanA evaM naitika jIvana ke prati jinakA dRSTikoNa samyak nahIM hai, aise vyaktiyoM se ghaniSThatA rakhanA ucita nahIM, kyoMki saMgati kA asara vyakti ke jIvana para bahuta adhika par3atA hai| (3) agAr3ha- agAr3ha doSa vaha hai jisameM asthiratA rahatI hai| jisa prakAra hilate hue darpaNa meM rUpa asthira rahatA hai, usI prakAra asthira citta meM satya prakaTa hone para satya bhI asthira rahatA hai| samyaktva kA dazavidha vargIkaraNa uttarAdhyayana meM3 samyaktva kI utpatti ke AdhAra para dasa bheda kie gaye haiM (1) nisarga (svabhAva) ruci- jo yathArtha (samyak) dRSTikoNa vyakti meM svata: hI utpanna ho jAtA hai vaha nisarga ruci samyaktva kahalAtA hai| (2) upadeza ruci- vItarAgI upadeza ko sunakara jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa yA zraddhAn utpanna hotA hai vaha upadeza ruci samyaktva kahalAtA hai| (3) AjJA ruci- vItarAga ke naitika AdezoM ko mAnakara jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa utpanna hotA hai use AjJA ruci kahate haiN| (4) sUtra ruci- aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya graMthoM ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa utpanna hotA hai use sUtra ruci kahate haiN| (5) bIja ruci- yathArthatA ke svalpa bodha ko svacintana se vikasita karanA bIja ruci samyaktva hai| (6) abhigama ruci- aMga sAhitya evaM anya graMthoM kA artha evaM vyAkhyA sahita adhyayana karane se jo tattvabodha evaM tattvazraddhA utpanna hotI hai vaha abhigama ruci samyaktva hai| (7) vistAra ruci- vastutattva (SadravyoM) ke aneka pakSoM kA vibhinna

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 27 apekSAoM (dRSTikoNoM) evaM pramANoM se avabodha kara unakI yathArthatA para zraddhA karanA vistAra ruci samyaktva hai| (8) kriyA ruci- prArambhika rUpa meM sAdhaka jIvana kI vibhinna kriyAoM ke AcaraNa meM ruci kA honA aura usa sAdhanAtmaka anuSThAna ke phalasvarUpa yathArthatA kA bodha honA kriyA ruci samyaktva hai| (9) saMkSepa ruci- jo vastutattva kA yathArtha svarUpa nahIM jAnatA hai aura jo arhat pravacana (jJAna) meM pravINa nahIM hai, lekina jisane ayathArtha (mithyAdRSTi) ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA haiM, jisameM yathArthajJAna kI alpatA hai tathApi usameM mithyAdhAraNA nahIM haiM vaha saMkSepa ruci samyaktva hai| (10) dharma rucitIrthakara praNIta sat ke svarUpa, Agama sAhitya evaM naitika niyamoM para Astikya bhAva yA zraddhA rakhanA unheM yathArtha mAnanA dharma ruci samyaktva hai|34 samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ke ATha AcAra darzana-vizuddhi evaM usake saMvarddhana aura saMrakSaNa ke lie ATha AcAroM kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| jaina granthoM meM jina ATha aMgoM ke varNana haiM ve isa prakAra haiM (1) nizzaMkatA- sAdhanA ke lakSya kI prApti hetu sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhanA-patha- ina tInoM para avicala zraddhA honI cAhie, kyoMki sAdhaka meM jisa kSaNa bhI ina tInoM meM se eka ke prati bhI saMdeha utpanna huA nahIM ki sAdhaka sAdhanA se cyuta ho jAtA hai| saMbhavata: yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina sAdhanA nizzaMkatA ko Avazyaka mAnatI hai| nizzaMkatA kA artha hI hotA hai- saMzayazIlatA kA abhaav| jinapraNIta tattvadarzana meM zaMkA nahIM karanA, use yathArtha evaM satya mAnanA hI nizzaMkatA hai|35 (2) niSkAMkSatA- sAmAnyatayA niSkAMkSA kA artha hotA hai- nisskaambhaav| AcArya amRtacandra ne niSkAMkSatA kA artha kiyA hai- "aikAntika mAnyatAoM se dUra rhnaa|'36 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM bhautika vaibhava, aihika tathA pAralaukika sukha ko lakSya banAnA kAMkSA hai|37 sAdhanA kA lakSya tabhI pUrA hotA hai,jaba sAdhaka bhautika sukhoM va upalabdhiyoM se dUra rahatA hai| isalie sAdhaka ko sAdhanA ke kSetra meM praviSTa hone ke lie niSkAMkSita athavA niSkAmabhAva se yukta honA Avazyaka hai| (3) nirvicikitsA- isake do artha hote haiM- (ka) dharma-kriyA yA sAdhanA kA phala milegA yA nahIM, merI sAdhanA vyartha to nahIM jAyegI, aisI AzaMkA hI vicikitsA hai aura isa prakAra kI kriyA ke phala ke prati sandeha kA na honA nirvicikitsA kahalAtI hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (kha) tapasviyoM evaM muniyoM ke durbala jarjara zarIra athavA malina vezabhUSA ko dekhakara mana meM glAni kA honA vicikitsA hai| ataH sAdhaka ko ina saba bAhya rUpoM para dhyAna na dekara apane sAdhanAtmaka guNoM para vicAra karanA cAhie / AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai ki zarIra to svabhAva se hI apavitra hai / usakI pavitratA to samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyak-cAritra rUpa ratnatraya ke sadAcaraNa se hI hai / ataeva guNIjanoM dvArA zarIra se ghRNA na kara usake guNoM se prema karanA nirvicikitsA hai| 28 28 (4) amUr3ha dRSTi- samyagdarzana kI prApti ke lie amUr3ha dRSTiyoM se bacanA caahie| mUr3hatA kA artha hI hotA hai - ajJAna / jaba vyakti heya aura upAdeya, yogya aura ayogya ke madhya nirNaya karane meM sakSama nahIM ho pAtA hai, taba vaha mUr3ha vyakti kahalAtA hai, arthAt nirNAyaka kSamatA kA abhAva hI mUr3hatA hai| mUr3hatA tIna prakAra kI kahI gayI haiM- devamUr3hatA, lokamUr3hatA aura smymuuddh'taa| (ka) devamUr3hatA- jaba vyakti upAsya ke cayana meM ajJAnatA pradarzita karatA hai, taba vaha devamUr3ha kahalAtA hai| kahane kA abhiprAya hai sAdhanA kA Adarza kauna hai ? upAsya banane kI kSamatA kisameM hai? Adi nirNAyaka jJAna kA abhAva devamUr3hatA kahalAtA hai| (kha) lokamUr3hatA- loka- pravAha aura rUr3hiyoM kA andhAnukaraNa hI lokamUr3hatA hai, yathA-nadiyoM meM snAna karane se puNya milatA hai, pIpala ke vRkSa meM jala car3hAne se mukti milatI hai, pattharoM ko r3hera kara pUjanA aura usase mukti samajhanA yA parvata se girakara yA agni meM jalakara prANa visarjita karanA Adi lokamUr3hatAeM hai / 39 (ga) samayamUr3hatA- zAstrIya jJAna kA abhAva samayamUr3hatA kahalAtA hai| ina tIna andhavizvAsoM se bacane para hI sAdhaka meM samyaktva kI yogyatA AtI hai| (5) upabRhaNa - vRddhi yA poSaNa krnaa| apaneM AdhyAtmika guNoM kA vikAsa karanA upabRhaNa hai|" (6) sthirIkaraNa - bhautika pralobhanoM evaM kaThinAIyoM meM sAdhanA se cyuta na honA hI sthirIkaraNa hai| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki sAdhaka bhautika pralobhanoM evaM sAdhanA sambandhI kaThinAIyoM ke kAraNa apanI sAdhanA se cyuta ho jAtA hai / ata: aise samaya meM svayaM ko patha- cyuta hone se bacAnA aura patha- cyuta sAdhakoM ko dharma-mArga meM sthira karanA sthirIkaraNa hai|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha (7) vAtsalya - vAtsalya kA artha hotA hai- 'prem'| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai- svadharmiyoM evaM guNiyoM ke prati niSkapaTa bhAva se prIti rakhanA aura unakI yathocita sevA-zuzruSA karanA vAtsalya hai|41 (8) prabhAvanA - sAdhanA, sadAcaraNa aura jJAna kI surabhi dvArA jagata ke anya prANiyoM ko dharma-mArga kI ora AkarSita karanA prabhAvanA hai| prabhAvanA ke ATha prakAra batAye gaye haiM- (ka) pravacana, (kha) dharma-kathA, (ga) vAda, (gha) naimittika, (Ga) tapa, (ca) vidyA, (cha) prasiddha vrata grahaNa karanA, (ja) kavitva shkti| samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ke SaTsthAna ___jaina sAdhanA meM SaT-sthAnakoM para dRr3ha pratIti samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ke Avazyaka aMga mAne gaye haiN| jisa prakAra bauddha sAdhanA ke anusAra duHkha hai, du:kha kA kAraNa hai, du:kha-nivRtti ho sakatI hai aura duHkha-nivRtti ke mArga haiM--- ina cAra AryasatyoM kI svIkRti samyagdRSTi hai| usI prakAra jaina sAdhanA meM SaT-sthAnakoM kI svIkRti samyak- dRSTi hai43- (ka) AtmA hai| (kha) AtmA nitya hai| (ga) AtmA apane karmoM kA kartA hai| (gha) AtmA kRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoktA hai| (Ga) AtmA mukti prApta kara sakatA hai aura (ca) mukti ke upAya haiN| samyagjJAna jaina yoga-sAdhanA meM samyagjJAna ko sAdhanAtraya meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| sAdhanA mArga para calanevAle yogI ke lie jainAcAryoM kA prathama saMdeza hai- prathama jJAna aura tatpazcAt ahiMsA kA AcaraNa / saMyamI sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA yahI krama hai-aisA kahA gayA hai| jaina sAdhanA meM praviSTa hone kI pahalI zarta yahI hai ki vyakti apane ajJAna kA nirAkaraNa kara samyagjJAna ko prApta kre| samyagjJAna usa jJAna ko kahate haiM jisameM jIva, ajIva Adi mUla tattvoM kA savizeSa jJAna prApta hotA hai| jJAna jIva meM sadA vidyamAna rahatA hai aura jaba usa jJAna meM samyaktva kA AvirbhAva hotA hai taba vaha samyak-jJAna kahalAtA hai|5 samyagjJAna kA artha pramANAdi dvArA yathArtha jJAna se nahIM hotA, balki mithyAdRSTi ke nivAraNa se hai| mithyAdRSTi kA nivAraNa hI mokSa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| sAtha hI samyagjJAna asaMdigdha tathA doSarahita hotA hai|46 parantu prazna uThatA hai ki kauna-sA jJAna sAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka hai? isake uttarasvarUpa AcArya yazovijayajI jJAnasAra meM likhate haiM ki mokSa ke hetubhUta eka pada kA jJAna bhI zreSTha hai, jabaki mokSa-sAdhanA meM anupayogI vistRta jJAna bhI vyartha hai|47 sAdhaka ke lie sva-para svarUpa kA bhAna, heya aura upAdeya kA jJAna

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura zubhAzubha kA viveka sAdhanA ke rAjamArga para bar3hane ke lie Avazyaka hai| jJAna kI sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM kyA AvazyakatA hai? isa para prakAza DAlate hue dazavaikAlika meM kahA gayA hai- jo AtmA aura anAtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai, aisA jJAnarAja sAdhaka sAdhanA (saMyama) ke svarUpa ko bhalI-bhA~ti jAna letA hai, kyoMki jo AtmasvarUpa aura jar3asvarUpa ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnatA hai, vaha isa paribhramaNa ke kAraNarUpa puNya,pApa, bandhana tathA mokSa ke svarUpa ko bhI jAna letA hai| phalata: sAdhaka bhogoM kI nissAratA ko samajha letA hai aura unase virakta ho jAtA hai| bhogoM se virakta hone para vaha bAhya aura Antarika sAMsArika saMyogoM ko chor3akara municaryA dhAraNa kara letA hai| tatpazcAt utkRSTa saMvara arthAt vAsanAoM ke niyantraNa se anuttara dharma kA AsvAdana karatA hai, jisase vaha ajJAna kAlimA-janya karma-mala ko jhAr3a detA hai tathA kevalajJAna aura kevala-darzana ko prApta kara mukti-lAbha karatA hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki jJAna ajJAna evaM mohajanya andhakAra ko naSTakara sarvatathyoM kI yathArthatA ko prakAzita karatA hai|49 AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra jJAna hI mAnava jIvana kA sAra hai|50 isa prakAra tattva ke svarUpa ko samajhane kA eka hI mArga hai aura vaha haijnyaan| jaina naitikatA yaha batAtI hai ki jisa jJAna se svarUpa kA bodha nahIM hotA, vaha jJAna sAdhanA meM upayogI nahIM hai| alpatama samyagjJAna bhI sAdhanA ke lie zreSTha hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra jJAna do prakAra ke hote haiM- (1) yathArtha jJAna (samyak-jJAna) tathA (2) ayathArtha jJAna (asmyk-jnyaan)| parantu jJAna kI yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA kA AdhAra kyA hai? vyakti yaha kaise nirdhArita kare ki kauna-sA jJAna yathArtha hai tathA kauna-sA jJAna ayathArtha hai| jainAcAryoM ne jJAna kI yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA kA AdhAra prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezarUpa gaNadhara praNIta jainAgama yathArthajJAna hai aura zeSa mithyaajnyaan|51 kintu bAda meM jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi parivartita huI aura unalogoM ne kahA ki vyakti kA dRSTikoNa yadi zuddha hai, satyAnveSI hai to usako jo bhI jJAna prApta hogA, vaha samyagjJAna hogaa| ThIka isake viparIta yadi usakA dRSTikoNa durAgraha se yukta hogA to usakA jJAna mithyAjJAna hogaa| abhidhAnarAjendra koza meM kahA gayA hai - Agama yA grantha jo zabdoM ke saMyoga se nirmita hue haiM, ve apane Apa meM na to samyak haiM aura na mithyA, unakA samyak yA mithyA honA to adhyetA ke dRSTikoNa para nirbhara hai| eka yathArtha dRSTikoNavAle ke lie mithyAzruta (jainetara paramparA ke graMtha) bhI samyak-zruta hai, jabaki eka mithyAdRSTi ke lie samyak-zruta bhI mithyAzruta hai|52 ata: yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jJAna kI samyaktayA kI kasauTI Aptavacana hai, cAhe vaha kisI bhI paramparA kA ho| AptapuruSa vaha hai jo rAgadveSa se rahita vItarAga yA arhatatva ko prApta kara cukA hai|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 31 jJAna ke stara ___ jaina mAnyatAnusAra jJAna ke pA~ca stara haiM- mati, zruta, avadhi, mana: paryAya aura kevl|53 kintu AcArya haribhadra ne jJAna ke tIna stara batAye haiM - indriyajanya jJAna, bauddhika jJAna evaM apramatattA arthAt AdhyAtmika jnyaan|54 sAtha hI unhoMne indriyajanya jJAna kI apekSA, bauddhika jJAna tathA bauddhika jJAna kI apekSA AdhyAtmika jJAna kA stara kramaza: eka-dUsare se U~cA mAnA hai| yahI bAta pAzcAtya dArzanika spinojA ke darzana meM bhI dekhane ko milatI hai| spinojA ne bhI jJAna ke tIna stara svIkAra kiye haiM- indriyajanya jJAna, tArkika jJAna aura antarbodhAtmaka jnyaan| sAtha hI unhoMne yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki indriya jJAna kI apekSA tArkika jJAna aura tArkika jJAna kI apekSA antaboMdhAtmaka jJAna zreSTha evaM pramANika hai|55 (ka) indriyajanya jJAna- jJAna kA pahalA stara hai- indriyajanya jnyaan| jJAna ke isa stara para vyakti ko na to 'sva' yA 'AtmA' kA sAkSAtkAra sambhava hai aura na naitika jIvana hI sambhava hai| kyoMki jJAna kA yaha stara naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se isalie mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai ki isa stara para AtmA pUrI taraha parAzrita hotI hai| vaha jo kucha bhI karatI hai, parAzrita hokara karatI hai| kAraNa ki indriyA~ bahirdraSTA hotI haiM, isalie ve Antarika 'sva' ko nahIM jAna pAtI haiN| (kha) bauddhika jJAna- yaha jJAna kA dUsarA stara hai jise Agama jJAna bhI kahate haiN| isameM jJAna kI Atma-sAkSAtkAra yA svabodha kI avasthA to nahIM hotI, mAtra parokSa rUpa meM AtmA isa stara para yaha jAna pAtI hai ki vaha kyA nahIM hai? jJAyaka AtmA svakendrita na hokara parakendrita hotI hai, lekina jaba taka para-kendrita hai taba taka saccI apramatatA kA udaya nahIM hotA aura jaba taka apramatatA nahIM AtI Atma-sAkSAtkAra yA paramArtha kA bodha nahIM hotA hai| Agama jJAna bhI pratyakSa rUpa se tattva yA AtmA kA bodha nahIM karAtA, phira bhI jisa prakAra citra mUlavastu se bhinna hote hue bhI usakA saMketa karatA hai, vaise hI bauddhika jJAna (Agama) bhI mAtra saMketa karatA hai| (ga) AdhyAtmika jJAna- yaha jJAna kA tIsarA stara hai| isa stara para sAdhaka ko Atmabodha yA sva-bodha hotA hai tathA jJAtA, jJAna aura jJeya kI tripuTI miTa jAtI hai arthAt jJAtA, jJAna aura jJeya tInoM milakara eka ho jAte haiN| jJAna kI yaha nirvicAra, nirvikalpa, nirAzrita avasthA hI jJAnAtmaka sAdhanA kI pUrNatA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra AtmA kI yahI avasthA kevalajJAna yA kevaladarzana hai|56 samayasAra ke TIkAkAra

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32 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana AcArya amRtacandrajI ne apanI TIkA meM likhA hai ki - vicAra kI vidhAoM se rahita, nirvikalpa, sva-svabhAga meM sthita aisA jo AtmA kA sAratattva hai, jo apramatta puruSoM ke dvArA anubhUta hai, vahI vijJAna hai, vahI pavitra-purANa puruSa hai| use jJAna kahA jAya yA darzana (AtmAnubhUti) kahA jAya yA kisI nAma se sambodhita kahA jAe, vaha eka hI hai aura aneka nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai|57 uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmA ke sacce svarUpa kI pratIti honA nitAMta Avazyaka hai, yahI samyagjJAna hai| vastuta: AtmajJAna sva-svarUpa kA hI jJAna hai| jo apane Apako jAna letA hai vaha saba kucha kA jJAtA ho jAtA hai| AcArAMga meM varNana AyA hai- eka (AtmA) ko jAnane para saba jAnA jAtA hai|58 parantu kyA AtmA ko sva ke dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai? 'sva' ke dvArA jaba bhI jJAna hogA, para kA hogaa| jJAna to jJeya kA hotA hai phira jJAtA kA jJAna kaise hogA? kyoMki jJAna kI pratyeka avasthA meM jJAtA jJAna ke pUrva upasthita hogA aura isa prakAra jJAna ke hara prayAsa meM vaha ajJeya hI banA rhegaa| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki AtmA indriya grAhya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha to amUrta hai|59 vaidika paramparA kI bhA~ti yahA~ jainAcAryoM ne niSedhAtmaka vidhi kA prayoga kiyA hai| yaha niSedhAtmaka vidhi hI paramArtha bodha kI ekamAtra paddhati hai, jisake dvArA sAmAnya sAdhaka paramArtha bodha kI dizA meM Age bar3ha sakatA hai| niSedhAtmaka vidhi ko jaina paramparA meM bhedavijJAna kahA gayA hai, jisameM Atma aura anAtma kA bheda kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai-AtmA na kAraka hai, na tiryaJca hai, na manuSya hai, na deva hai, na bAlaka hai, na vRddha hai, na taruNa hai, na rAga hai, na dvaSa hai, na moha hai, na krodha hai, na mAna hai, na mAyA hai, na lobha hai aura na isa sabakA kAraNa hai aura na kartA hI hai|60 isa taraha anAtmadharmoM (guNoM) ke cintana ke dvArA Atma ko anAtma kArakoM se pRthaka kiyA jAtA hai| Atma-anAtma meM kiyA huA yahI vibheda bheda-vijJAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ata: bheda-vijJAna dvArA anAtma ke svarUpa ko jAnakara usameM Atmabuddhi kA parityAga karanA, samyagjJAna kI sAdhanA hai| samyak-cAritra samyagjJAnapUrvaka kASAyika bhAva arthAt rAga-dveSa aura yoga yAnI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyA kI nivRtti se honevAlA svarUparamaNa samyak-cAritra kahalAtA hai|61 dUsare zabdoM meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki hiMsAdi doSoM kA tyAga aura ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM kA pAlana samyak-cAritra hai| samyak-cAritra kA artha hI hotA hai citta athavA AtmA kI vAsanAoM kI malinatA aura asthiratA ko samApta krnaa| citta yA

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha AtmA meM yaha malinatA yA asthiratA svAbhAvika nahIM, varan vaibhAvika hai, jo bAhya bhautika evaM tajjanita Antarika kAraNoM se hotA hai| jaina darzana meM isa malinatA ke kAraNa ko karmamala kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra nIce kI ora bahanevAlA pAnI dabAva ke kAraNa Upara car3hane lagatA hai, usI prakAra citta yA AtmA zuddha hote hue bhI karmoM yA bAhyamaloM se azuddha ho jAtI hai| parantu jaise hI bAhya saMyogoM se alaga hotI hai, apane zuddha evaM svAbhAvika rUpa meM A jAtI hai| AtmA apane svAbhAvika rUpa meM tAttvika dRSTi se zuddha hai| daraasala samyak cAritra kA kArya hI hai citta yA AtmA ko ina saMyogoM se alaga kara svAbhAvika samatva kI dizA meM le jAnA / AcArya kundakunda ke isa kathana se isakA samarthana hotA hai ki vAstava meM cAritra hI dharma hai, jo dharma hai vaha samatva hai aura moha evaM kSobha se rahita AtmA kI zuddha dazA ko prApta karanA samatva hai / 63 2 ataH AdhyAtmika jIvana kI pUrNatA ke lie zraddhA aura jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha cAritra kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna samyak cAritra ke binA pUrNatA ko prApta nahIM hote haiN| samyagdarzana parikalpanA hai, samyagjJAna prayoga vidhi hai tathA cAritra pryog| ina tInoM ke saMyoga se hI satya kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| jainAgama meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki jJAna kA sAra AcAra hai aura AcAra kA sAra nirvANa yA paramArtha kI upalabdhi hai / 64 cAritra ke prakAra jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra cAritra do prakAra ke haiM- (1) vyavahAra cAritra aura (2) nizcaya cAritra / AcaraNa kA bAhya pakSa vyavahAra cAritra tathA bhava pakSa yA antarAtmA pakSa nizcaya cAritra hai| cAritra kA nizcaya pakSa nizcaya cAritra hI mukti kA sopAna hai| jaba sAdhaka vAsanAoM, kaSAyoM tathA rAgadveSa se rahita ho vivekapUrNa AcaraNa karatA hai taba usakA vaha AcaraNa nizcaya cAritra kahalAtA hai| yaha apramatta cetanA kI avasthA hai jisameM rAga- -dveSa, kaSAya, viSayavAsanA, Alasya aura nidrA Adi kA abhAva hotA hai| apramatta cetanA meM honevAle sabhI kArya zuddha mAne gaye haiN| cAritra kA vyavahAra pakSa 33 cAritra ke vyavahAra pakSa kA sambandha hamAre mana, vacana aura karma kI zuddhi tathA

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34 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana usa zuddhi ke kAraNabhUta niyamoM se hai| vItarAga sarvajJa praNIta SaT dravya, sAta tattva, nau padArtha, paMcAstikAya, inakA zraddhAn, inake svarUpa kA jJAna aura vratAdi anuSThAnarUpa AcaraNa vyavahAra mokSamArga hai|65 gRhastha aura zramaNadharma kI apekSA se vyavahAracAritra kA dezavratI-cAritra aura sarvavratI-cAritra do rUpoM meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| dezavratI-cAritra kA sambandha gRhasthAcAra se hai jisake antargata aSTamUlaguNa, SaTakarma, bAraha vrata aura gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara mAnyatA meM aSTamUla guNoM ke sthAna para saptavyasana tyAga evaM 35 (paitIsa) mArgAnusArI guNoM kA vidhAna milatA hai| zramaNa AcAra (sarvavratI cAritra) ke antargata paMca mahAvrata, rAtribhojana kA tyAga, paMca samiti, tIna gupti, daza yatidharma, bAraha anuprekSAe~, bAIsa parISaha, aTThAIsa mUlaguNa, bAvana anAcAra Adi kA vivecana dekhane ko milatA hai| jaina granthoM meM cAritra kA vargIkaraNa gRhastha evaM zramaNa dharma ke atirikta anya apekSAoM se bhI kiyA gayA haicAritra ke cAra prakAra sthAnAMga-6 meM ghaTa ke prakAroM ko batAte hae AcaraNa kI apekSA se cAritra ke cAra prakAra kiye gaye haiN| ghaTa ke cAra prakAra nimna haiM- (1) bhinna arthAt phUTA huA (2) jarjarita, (3) parisrAvI aura (4) aprisraavii| phUTe ghaTa ke samAna- jaba sAdhaka dhAraNa kiye hue mahAvratoM ko sarvathA bhaMga kara detA hai to usakA cAritra phUTe hue ghar3e ke samAna ho jAtA hai, naitikatA kI dRSTi se usakA koI mUlya nahIM raha jaataa| jarjarita ghaTa ke samAna- jaba koI sAdhaka aisA koI aparAdha karatA hai jisake kAraNa usakI dIkSA-paryAya kA cheda kiyA jAtA hai, to usa sAdhaka kA cAritra jarjarita ghaTa ke samAna kahalAtA hai| parisrAvI- jisa sAdhaka ke cAritra meM sUkSma doSa hotA hai vaha cAritra parisrAvI kahalAtA hai| aparisrAvI- jisa sAdhaka kA cAritra nirdoSa evaM niraticAra hotA hai vaha aparisrAvI kahalAtA hai| cAritra ke pA~ca prakAra tattvArthasUtra meM cAritra ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM- (1) sAmAyika cAritra, (2)

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha chedopasthApanIya cAritra (3) parihAravizuddhi cAritra (4) sUkSmasamparAya cAritra aura (5) yathAkhyAta caaritr|67 sAmAyika cAritra- samabhAva meM sthita rahane ke lie samasta azuddha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA sAmAyika cAritra hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki vAsanAoM, kaSAyoM evaM rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM se nivRtti tathA samabhAva kI prApti sAmAyika cAritra hai| isake bhI do prakAra haiM - (ka) itvarika- jo thor3e samaya ke lie dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai aura (kha) yAvatkathita- jo sampUrNa jIvana ke lie dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai| chedopasthApanIya cAritra- prathama dIkSA ke bAda viziSTa zruta kA abhyAsa kara lene para vizeSa zuddhi ke lie jIvanaparyanta puna: jo dIkSA lI jAtI hai arthAt prathama dIkSA meM doSApatti Ane se usakA cheda karake phira naye sire se jo dIkSA kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use chedopasthApanIya cAritra kahate haiN|68 parihAravizuddhi cAritra- jisameM viziSTa prakAra ke tapa-pradhAna AcAra kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai use parihAravizuddhi cAritra kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM hama isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki jisa AcaraNa se karmoM kA athavA doSoM kA parihAra hokara nirjarA ke dvArA vizuddhi ho vaha parihAravizuddhi cAritra hai| sUkSmasamparAya cAritra- jisa avasthA meM krodha Adi kaSAyoM kA udaya nahIM hotA, kevala lobha kA aMza ati sUkSmatA meM raha jAtA hai usa avasthA ko sUkSmasamparAya cAritra kahate haiN|69 yathAkhyAta cAritra- jisa avasthA meM kisI bhI kaSAya kA bilkula udaya nahIM hotA, usa avasthA ko yathAkhyAt arthAt vItarAga cAritra kahate haiN| cAritra ke uparyukta sabhI prakAra ke bheda-vibheda Adi Atmazodhana kI prakriyAeM haiN| jo prakriyA jitanI hI adhika mAtrA meM AtmA ko rAga, dveSa aura moha se nirmala banAtI hai, vaha utanI hI adhika mAtrA meM cAritra ke ujjvalatama pakSa ko prastuta karatI hai| samyagtapa jaina paramparA meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyak-cAritra ke sAtha samyagtapa kA bhI ullekha AyA hai, jisakA Age calakara samyak-cAritra meM antarbhAva ho gayA hai| lekina prAcIna yuga meM jaina paramparA meM samyagtapa kA svataMtra sthAna rahA hai| bhAratIya dharmoM meM hI nahIM, apitu vizva ke pratyeka dharma meM, yahA~ taka ki dharma ko nahIM mAnanevAle vidvAnoM

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 36 va vicArakoM ke zabdoM meM, unakI bhAvanAoM meM bhI yaha dhAraNA gU~jatI rahI hai| tapa sirpha hamArI adhyAtma sAdhanA kA hI nahIM balki sampUrNa jIva jagata kA prANatattva hai / tapa naitikatA kI zakti hai, tapa- zUnya naitikatA khokhalI hai, tapa naitikatA kI AtmA hai| bharata siMha upAdhyAya ke zabdoM meM- "bhAratIya saMskRti meM jo kucha bhI zAzvata hai, jo kucha bhI uddAtta evaM mahattvapUrNa tattva hai, vaha saba tapasyA se hI sambhUta hai, tapasyA se hI isa rASTra kA bala yA oja utpanna huA hai| .... tapasyA bhAratIya darzana kI hI nahIM, balki usake samasta itihAsa kI prastAvanA hai... pratyeka cintanazIla praNAlI cAhe vaha AdhyAtmika ho cAhe Adhibhautika, sabhI tapasyA kI bhAvanA se anuprANita haiM... usake veda, vedAMga, darzana, purANa, dharmazAstra Adi sabhI vidyA ke kSetra jIvana kI sAdhanA rUpa tapasyA ke ekaniSTha upAsaka haiN"| 7" tapa bhAratIya sAdhanA kA prANa hai| jisa prakAra zarIra meM uSmA jIvana ke astitva kA dyotaka hai, usI prakAra sAdhanA meM tapa bhI usake divya astitva kA bodha karAtI hai| bhAratIya naitika jIvana yA AcAra-darzana meM tapa ke mahattva ko adhika spaSTa karate hue kAkA kAlelakara ne likhA hai - "buddhakAlIna bhikSuoM kI tapazcaryA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI azoka ke sAmrAjya kA aura mauryakAlIna saMskRti kA vistAra ho paayaa| zaMkarAcArya kI tapasyA se hindU dharma kA saMskaraNa huaa| mahAvIra kI tapasyA se ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra huaa|......... baMgAla ke caitanya mahAprabhu jo mukhazuddhi ke lie eka harre bhI nahIM rakhate the, unhIM se baMgAla kI vaiSNava saMskRti vikasita huI / 71 - yaha to satya hai ki bhAratIya naitika vicAradhArAoM va AcAra darzanoM kA janma 'tapasyA' ke garbha se huA, sabhI usI kI goda meM pale aura vikasita hue haiN| bhAratIya jIvana kI hara sA~sa sAdhanA kA rUpa hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata kA cAhe vyaktigata jIvana ho yA pArivArika jIvana, sAmAjika jIvana ho yA dhArmika jIvana, sarvatra jIvanadhArA meM sAdhanA kI urmiyA~ laharAtI hai, sAdhanA kA svara mukharita hotA rahatA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke zabdoM meM "jaina sAdhanA samatvayoga kI sAdhanA hai aura yahI samatvayoga AcaraNa ke vyAvahArika kSetra meM ahiMsA bana jAtA hai, yahI ahiMsA niSedhAtmaka sAdhanA - kSetra meM saMyama kahI jAtI hai aura saMyama hI kriyAtmaka rUpa meM tapa hai / 72 ise dUsare zabdoM meM isa taraha kahA jA sakatA hai ki tapa yoga kI eka aisI kar3I hai, jisase sAdhaka samasta karmoM kI nirjarA karane meM samartha hotA hai| tapa dvArA hI karma-pAzoM se sAdhaka samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna tathA samyak cAritra ko prApta karatA hai| ataH yaha ThIka hI kahA gayA hai ki tapa bhAratIya darzana-paramparA kI hI nahIM balki usake sampUrNa itihAsa kI prastAvanA hai|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 37 tapa kI paribhASA tapa kI ArAdhanA gRhastha evaM sAdhu donoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| antara itanA hai ki gRhastha tapasvI kI bhA~ti tapa kI kaThora ArAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki vyAvahArika kartavyoM kA sampUrNa uccheda kara denA usake lie sambhava nahIM hai| tapa kA artha hI hotA hai karmaphala yA saMcita karma ko jalAnA yA naSTa karanA tathA aisI sAdhanA ke lie sarvAMzata: tapasvI athavA sAdhaka hI ucita Thaharate haiN| jaina yoga-sAdhanA meM jIvana kA antima lakSya mokSa-prApti hai aura isake lie tapa ko vizeSa sAdhana ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tapa kA vizeSa varNana jainAgamoM meM milatA hai| tapa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai jo ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko tapAtA hai, use bhasmasAta kara DAlane meM samartha ho use tapa kahate haiN|73 jainAgamoM ke prasiddha cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne bhI tapa kI vyutpattijanya paribhASA batAte hue kahA hai - jisa sAdhanA ArAdhanA se, upAsanA se pApa karma tapta ho jAte haiM, use tapa kahate haiN|74 AcArya abhayadeva sUri ne tapa kA nirukta (zAbdika) artha karate hue sthAnAMgavRtti meM kahA hai - jisa sAdhanA ke dvArA zarIra ke rasa, rakta, mAMsa, haDDiyA~, majjA, zukra Adi tapa jAte haiM, sUkha jAte haiM, vaha tapa hai tathA jisake dvArA azubha karma jala jAte haiM vaha tapa hai|75 tapa kI bhAvapradhAna paribhASA karate hue uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai- tyAga karane se icchAoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| 6 tyAga se icchA, AzA, tRSNA zAnta ho jAtI hai| vAstava meM tapa kI yaha bhAvAtmaka aura vyApaka paribhASA hai| isa paribhASA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tapa mAtra deha-damana taka sImita nahIM hai balki usakA akuMza icchA aura vAsanA para bhI rahatA hai jisase AtmA parizuddha hotI hai| ata: tapa vaha vidhi hai jisase jIva baddha karmoM kA kSaya karake vyavadAna arthAt vizuddhi ko prApta hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM tapa kA sambandha saMyama se bhI hai| zAstroM meM jahA~-jahA~ saMyama kA varNana AyA hai, vahA~-vahA~ tapa kA varNana bhI avazya dekhane ko milatA hai| jisa prakAra havA ke binA agni prajvalita nahIM ho sakatI hai, usI prakAra saMyama ke binA tapa kI sAdhanA bhI nahIM cala sakatI hai| vyavahAra meM saMyama aura tapa kahane ko to do zabda haiM, parantu donoM ke bhAva eka hI haiM-indriya saMyama, mana saMyama, vacana saMyama aadi| AcArya somadeva sari ne kahA hai- pA~ca indriya aura mana ko vaza meM karanA, iMna para saMyama rakhanA, icchAoM para aMkuza lagAnA Adi kA nAma tapa hai|79 tapa ke prakAra tapa kI vidhiyA~ evaM prakriyAeM alaga-alaga hone ke kAraNa isake alaga

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38 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana alaga bheda evaM prabheda batAye gaye haiM, kintu mUlata: AgamoM meM do prakAra ke hI tapa milate haiM- bAhya tapa evaM Abhyantara tp|80 bAhya tapa kA artha hai bAhara se dikhalAI denevAlA tapa, ythaa-upvaas| upavAsa kA spaSTa prabhAva zarIra para dRSTigocara hotA hai| kAyakleza, abhigraha, bhikSAvRtti ye saba aisI vidhiyA~ hai jo bAhara meM spaSTa jhalakatI haiN| Abhyantara tapa kA artha hai- andara meM calanevAlI zuddhi prkriyaa| isa tapa kA sambandha mana se adhika rahatA hai| mana ko parimArjita karanA, sarala banAnA, ekAgra karanA, zubha cintana meM lagAnA Adi Abhyantara tapa kI vidhiyA~ haiM, yathA-dhyAna, svAdhyAya, vinaya aadi| prAyaH aisA sunane meM AtA hai ki bAhya tapa sAdhAraNa hai tathA Abhyantara tapa bar3A hai| parantu zAstroM meM jo mahattva Abhyantara tapa kA hai vahI mahattva bAhya tapa kA bhI hai| jisa prakAra eka hI pustaka ke do adhyAya hote haiM, eka hI sikke ke do pahalU hote haiM usI prakAra bAhya evaM Abhyantara tapa bhI tapa ke do pahalU haiN| aisA nahIM hai ki jainadharma kevala bAhya tapa kA hI Agraha karatA hai| yadi Abhyantara tapa na ho to bAhya tapa kI koI sArthakatA nahIM hai| AcArya saMghadAsa gaNi ne kahA hai- hama kevala anazana Adi se kRza-durbala-kSINa zarIra kI prazaMsA karanevAle nahIM haiN| vAstava meM to vAsanA, kaSAya aura ahaMkAra ko kSINa karanA caahie| jisakI vAsanA kSINa ho gayI hama usI kI prazaMsA kreNge|81 isa prakAra bAhya aura Abhyantara eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| ina donoM prakAra ke tapoM kA samyak rUpa se pAlana karanevAlA paMDita muni zIghra hI sarva saMsAra se mukta ho jAtA hai|82 bAhya tapa tapa ke do bheda karake prabheda rUpa meM donoM ke cha:-cha: bheda batAye gaye haiN| bAhya tapa ke cha: bhedoM meM usake antarbheda bhI aneka haiN| bAhya tapa ke cha: bheda83 isa prakAra haiM- (1) anazana, (2) UnodarI, (3) bhikSAcArI, (4) rasa-parityAga, (5) kAyakleza, (6) prtisNliintaa| anazana- anazana kA artha hotA hai- azana kA tyaag| azana AhAra ko kahate haiN| bhojana kA tyAga karanA anazana hai| anazana se upavAsa, nirAhAra Adi kA bhI artha liyA jAtA hai| anazana ko sabhI tapoM meM prathama sthAna diyA gyaa| kyoM? kyoMki anazana meM bhUkha para vijaya karanI hotI hai aura bhUkha hI saMsAra meM durjeya hai| anazana se bar3hakara koI tapa nahIM hai| anazana ke do bheda haiM- itvarika aura yAvatkatthikA 5 itvarika tapa meM samaya kI maryAdA rahatI hai, nizcita samaya ke pazcAt bhojana kI AkAMkSA rahane se isa tapa ko sAvakAMkSa tapa bhI kahA jAtA hai| yAvatkatthika (maraNakAla) meM jIvanaparyanta AhAra kA tyAga kara diyA jAtA hai, isameM bhojana kI koI AkAMkSA zeSa nahIM rhtii|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 39 isalie ise niravakAMkSa tapa bhI kahA jAtA hai|6 yAvatkatthika ko maraNakAla tapa bhI kahate haiN| vyAkhyAprajJapti meM kahA gayA hai ki AhAra-tyAga eka dina kA bhI ho sakatA hai aura utkRSTa cha: mahIne kA yA jIvanaparyanta arthAt sAmarthya ke anusAra sAdhaka lambI avadhi taka kA bhI anazana kara sakatA hai| __ UnodarI- alpAhAra, parimita AhAra Adi zabdoM se UnodarI kA bhAva prakaTa hotA hai| UnodarI bAhya tapa kA dUsarA bheda hai jisakA artha prAya: 'kama khAnA' se liyA jAtA hai| Una kA artha hotA hai- kama tathA udara kA artha hotA hai- pett| arthAt bhojana ke samaya peTa ko khAlI rakhanA, bhUkha se kama khAnA UnodarI hai| bhojana kA sarvathA tyAga kara denA to tapa hai hI, para bhojana karane ke lie taiyAra hokara bhUkha se kama khAnA, khAtekhAte rasanA para saMyama kara lenA aura svAda Ate hae bhojana ko bIca hI meM chor3a denA bhI utanA hI duSkara hai jitanA kI upavAsa krnaa| bhikSAcArI- bhikSA kA sIdhA evaM sarala artha hotA hai- yAcanA karanA, maaNgnaa| kintu sirpha mA~ganA mAtra hI tapa nahIM hotaa| bhikSAcArI kA sahI artha hotA hai- niyamapUrvaka, pavitra uddezya se aura zAstrasammata vidhi-vidhAna ke sAtha AhAra grahaNa krnaa| ise hI kahIMkahIM zAstroM meM gocarI, madhukarI aura kahIM vRtisaMkSepa yA vRttiparisaMkhyAna ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| rasa-parityAga- 'rasa prIti vivardhakaM' arthAt jisake kAraNa bhojana meM, vastu meM prIti utpanna hotI hai use 'rasa' kahate haiN| ata: dUdha, ghI, makkhana, madhu Adi gariSTha vikAravardhaka padArthoM kA tyAga karanA rasa-parityAga kahalAtA hai|8 pratidina eka-eka rasa kA parityAga bhI kiyA jAtA hai| yaha tyAga sAdhu bhI kara sakatA hai tathA gRhastha bhii| upavAsa Adi tapa kI apanI alaga-alaga kAla maryAdAeM haiM, kintu rasa-parityAga tapa to jIvana bhara kI satat sAdhanA hai| kAyakleza- kAyakleza kA artha hai- zarIra ko kaSTa denaa| ThaMDA, garmI yA vividha AsanoM dvArA zarIra ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA kAya-kleza tapa hai| kaSTa bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- eka prAkRtika jo svayaM apane Apa anacAhe rUpa meM A jAtA hai, yathA-sardI meM zIta lahareM, garmI meM lU ke thaper3e aadi| dUsarA kaSTa, jo udIraNA karake sAdhaka svata: - letA hai, yathA-kaThora Asana karanA, dhyAna lagAkara sthira khar3e ho jAnA aadi| sAdhaka ke jIvana meM ukta donoM prakAra ke kaSTa Ate haiN| parantu sAdhaka kAyakleza tapa ke dvArA zarIra ko itanA sAdha letA hai ki bAhara ke kaSToM kA usake zarIra para jaldI asara nahIM hotA jitanA kI sAmAnya vyaktiyoM ke zarIra para hotA hai| sAdhanA se sahane kI kSamatA itanI

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40 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana tIvra ho jAtI hai ki bAhya kaSToM kA usake zarIra evaM mana para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| sAdhanA kI yaha sthiti hI kAyakleza tapa kI sthiti hai| AcArya zrutasAgarajI ne kAyakleza ke isI artha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra- kAyakleza ke abhyAsa se zArIrika duHkha ko sahane kI kSamatA aura zArIrika sukhoM ke prati anAkAMkSA bar3hatI hai|9 grISma Rtu meM AtApanA lenA, varSA Rtu meM tarumUla meM nivAsa karanA, zIta Rtu meM apAvRta sthAna meM sonA, nAnA prakAra kI pratimAoM ko svIkAra karanA, na khujalAnA, zarIra kI vibhUSA na karanA Adi kAyakleza tapa haiN|90 pratisaMlInatA- pratisaMlInatA kA artha hotA hai- AtmA ke prati liintaa| parabhAva meM lIna AtmA ko svabhAva meM lIna banAne kI prakriyA hI pratisaMlInatA kahalAtI hai| pratisaMlInatA kA artha 'gopana' bhI hotA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko kachue kI bhA~ti samasta indriyoM evaM aMgoMpAMgoM kA gopana karake rahanA caahie|91 zAstroM meM ise gupti, saMyama, viviktazayyAsana bhI kahA gayA hai| pratisaMlInatA ke cAra bheda12 batAye gaye haiM- indriya pratisaMlInatA, kaSAya pratisaMlinatA, yoga-pratisaMlinatA aura viviktazayyAsana prtisNliintaa| isa prakAra bAhya tapa se jahA~ indriyoM kI viSaya-vAsanA kSINa hotI hai vahIM sukha kI bhAvanA bhI parityakta hotI hai| AtmasaMvega kI sthApanA hotI hai aura Atmika zakti kI prApti hotI hai| deha, padArtha aura sukha ke prati koI Asakti nahIM rhtii| Abhyantara tapa __ Abhyantara tapa kA sambandha mana se hotA hai| antaraMga zuddhi aura antaraMga doSoM kA parihAra isakA mukhya kArya hai| bAhya tapa sthUla hai jisakA varNana khAdya padArthoM kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki sAdhaka svAbhiprAya kI apekSA se unakA sevana karatA hai| jabaki Abhyantara tapa sUkSma hai aura AtmapariNAmoM kI vizuddhi jisakA mukhya kArya hai| Abhyantara tapa ke bhI cha: bheda93 batAye gaye haiM- (1) prAyazcitta, (2) vinaya, (3) vaiyAvRtya, (4) svAdhyAya, (5) dhyAna aura (6) vyutsrg| prAyazcitta- prAyazcitta zabda 'prAyaH' aura 'citta' ke saMyoga se banA hai| jisameM prAya: kA artha hotA hai- aparAdha aura citta kA artha hotA hai- shodhn| arthAt jisa kriyA se aparAdha kI zuddhi ho vaha prAyazcitta hai|4 AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra-kisI vrata-niyama ke bhaMga hone para usameM lage doSa kA parihAra karanA athavA guru ke samakSa cittazuddhi ke lie doSoM kI AlocanA karanA aura usake lie prAyazcitta svIkAra karanA, prAyazcita tapa hai|5 isake dasa prakAra haiM16. (ka) AlocanA, (kha) pratikramaNa, (ga) tadubhaya,

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha (gha) viveka, (Ga) kAyotsarga, (ca) tapasyA, (cha) cheda, (ja) mUla, (jha) parihAra aura (Ja) shrddhaan| AlocanA - AlocanA kA artha hotA hai 'apanA doSa sarala mana se gurujanoM ke samakSa prakaTa kara denaa|' tAtparya hai ki vrata kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana hone para guru pAsa jAkara doSa svIkAra karanA tathA usake badale nayA vrata grahaNa karanA / ke 41 pratikramaNa - AlocanA ke pazcAt dUsarA prAyazcitta hai- pratikramaNa / pratikramaNa kA artha hotA hai- vApasa lauttnaa| sAdhaka kA mana zubhayoga se jaba azubha yoga kI ora calA jAtA hai, taba azubhayoga se punaH zubha yoga meM vApasa lauTa AnA hI pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai| tAtparya hai cAritrika patana se puna: lauTa AnA, apanI galatI ko sudhAra lenA hI pratikramaNa hai| tadubhaya- jisa galatI kI zuddhi ke lie pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura AlocanA bhI kI jAtI hai, use tadubhaya prAyazcitta kahate haiN| viveka - viveka kA artha hotA hai- tyAga, chor3anA / azuddha AhAra Adi ke A jAne para sAdhaka ekAMta sthAna meM usakA visarjana kara detA hai| ise hama aise bhI paribhASita kara sakate haiM ki asadAcaraNa ko asadAcaraNa ke rUpa meM jAna lenA viveka hai| kAyotsarga - prAyazcitta svarUpa kAyotsarga karanA athavA asadAcaraNa kA parityAga karanA, kAyotsarga hai| mArga meM calane se yadi koI doSa laga gayA ho to usakA prAyazcita karane ke lie dhyAna (kAyotsarga) kiyA jAtA hai / kAyotsarga karane se hI usa doSa kI vizuddhi ho jAtI hai| tapasyA- aparAdha yA galatI ke hone se Atmazuddhi ke nimitta upavAsa Adi karanA tapasyA hai| cheda- muni jIvana meM dIkSA paryAya ko doSa ke anusAra divasa, pakSa, mAsa yA varSa kI pravrajyA meM kama kara denA cheda prAyazcitta hai| mUla- kabhI-kabhI muni (sAdhu) itane guruttara doSoM kA sevana kara lete haiM ki AlocanA aura tapa Adi se bhI unakI zuddhi nahIM ho sakatI / una doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie zramaNa jIvana yA dIkSA paryAya ko samApta kara punaH dIkSA lenA athavA punaH naye sire se zramaNa jIvana kA prArambha karanA mUla prAyazcitta hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana parihAra- aparAdhI zramaNa ko zramaNa saMgha se bahiSkRta karanA parihAra prAyazcitta hai| zraddhAn- ahiMsA, satya, brahmacarya Adi mahAvratoM ke bhaMga ho jAne para puna: prArambha se una mahAvratoM kA AropaNa karanA zraddhAn hai| vinaya tapa - vinaya ke tIna artha hote haiM- anuzAsana, AtmasaMyama (zIla) aura namratA evaM sdvyvhaar| parantu vinaya kA vAstavika artha hotA hai- variSTha evaM gurujanoM kA sammAna tathA unakI AjJAoM kA pAlana karate hue anuzAsita jIvana jiinaa| vinaya tapa ko paribhASita karate hue sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai ki apane se variSTha guru athavA AcAryoM kA Adara karanA tathA unakI AjJA kA pAlana karanA vinaya tapa hai|97 tattvArthasUtra meM vinaya ke cAra bheda kahe gaye haiN|8 - (1) jJAna vinaya, (2) darzana vinaya, (3) cAritra vinaya, tathA (4) upacAra vinaya / sthAnAMga 9 meM vinaya ke sAta prakAroM kA varNana hai- jJAna-vinaya, darzana- vinaya, cAritra-vinaya, mano-vinaya, vacana-vinaya, kAya-vinaya tathA lokopcaar-viny| vaiyAvRtya tapa -dharma-sAdhanA meM sahayoga karanevAlI AhAra Adi vastuoM ke dvArA sahayoga karane ke artha meM vaiyAvRtya zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| vaiyAvRtya sevA, zuzruSA, paryupAsanA, sAdharmika vAtsalya Adi aneka nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM isako paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai- zarIra se athavA yogya sAdhanoM ko juTAkara upAsanA bhAva se guru, muni, vRddha va rogI sAdhaka Adi kI sevA zuzruSA karanA vaiyAvRtya tapa hai|100 bhikSusaMgha meM dasa prakAra'01 ke sAdhakoM kI sevA karanA bhikSu kA kartavya hai (ka) AcArya kI sevA, (kha) upAdhyAya kI sevA, (ga) tapasvI kI sevA, (gha) zaikSya kI sevA, (Ga) rogI kI sevA, (ca) vRddha muni kI sevA, (cha) sahapAThI kI sevA, (ja) apane bhikSusaMgha ke sadasyoM kI sevA, (jha) saMyama karanevAle pravrajita muni kI sevA, (ba) jJAnAdi guNoM meM samAna zIlavAloM kI sevaa| svAdhyAya tapa - satzAstroM kA maryAdApUrvaka paThana karanA, vidhi sahita acchI pustakoM kA adhyayana karanA svAdhyAya hai|102 sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai- jJAna prApti ke lie Alasa tajakara adhyayana karanA svAdhyAya tapa hai|103 abhyAsa kI dRSTi se isake bhI pA~ca prakAra haiM- (ka) vAcanA, (kha) pracchanA, (ga) anuprekSA, (gha) AmnAya, (Ga) dhrmkthaa| vAcanA - vAcanA kA artha hotA hai- pddh'naa| zabda kA zuddha uccAraNa karanA,

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha artha ko zuddha rUpa se grahaNa karanA, binA vicAre na to jaldI-jaldI par3hanA aura na asthAna meM ruka-rukakara par3hanA tathA 'Adi' zabda ke par3hate hue akSara yA pada na chor3anA Adi vAcanA hai|' 104. pracchanA pracchanA pUchanA, prazna karanA Adi artha ko grahaNa karatA hai| graMtha aura artha donoM ke viSaya meM kyA yaha aisA hai athavA anyathA hai, isa sandeha ko dUra karane ke lie athavA 'yaha aisA hI hai' isa prakAra se nizcitatA ko dRr3ha karane ke lie prazna karanA pracchanA hai| prazna karanA svAdhyAya kA mukhya aMga hai / " 105 - 43 anuprekSA - jAne hue yA nizcita hue artha kA mana se jo bAra-bAra cintana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha anuprekSA hai| anuprekSA ke antargata hI svAdhyAya ke lakSaNa, antarjalpa rUpa pATha Ate haiN| vAcanA aura anuprekSA meM antara itanA hai ki vAcanA meM bahirjalpa hotA hai tathA anuprekSA meM mana meM hI par3hane yA vicArane se antarjalpa hotA hai / 106 107 AmnAya- par3he hue graMtha kA zuddhatApUrvaka punaH punaH uccAraNa karanA AmnAya hai| " dharmakathA - devavandanA ke sAtha maMgalapAThapUrvaka dharma kA upadeza karanA dharmakathA kahalAtA hai| 108 dhyAna tapa mana kI ekAgra avasthA kA nAma dhyAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM citta kI avasthAoM ko kisI viSaya para kendrita karanA dhyAna hai| dhyAna ke cAra bheda batAye gaye haiM- ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna / prastuta pustaka meM dhyAna para eka svataMtra adhyAya hai, ataH isakI carcA usake antargata kI jAyegI / * vyutsarga tapa vyutsarga kA artha hotA hai - tyAganA, chor3anA Adi / viziSTa prakAra kA tyAga vyutsarga hai / tattvArtharAjavArtika meM varNana AyA hai- ni:saMgatA, nirbhayatA aura jIvana kI lAlasA kA tyAga hI vyutsarga hai| 109 sarvArthasiddhi meM ahaMkAra, mamakAra Adi sabhI upAdhiyoM ke tyAga ko vyutsarga kahA gayA hai| 110 vyutsarga ke do bheda haiM- bAhya vyutsarga aura Abhyantara vyutsrg| 111 dhana-dhAnya, makAna, kSetra Adi bAhya padArthoM kI mamatA kA tyAga karanA bAhyopadhi- vyutsarga kahalAtA hai aura zarIra kI mamatA evaM kASAyika vikAroM kI tanmayatA kA tyAga karanA Abhyantaropadhi vyutsrg| bAhya vyutsarga ke bhI cAra prakAra mAne gaye haiM (1) zarIra vyutsarga - isakA dUsarA nAma kAyotsarga hai / kucha samaya ke lie zarIra se mamatva ko haTA lenA kAyotsarga hai|

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44 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (2) gaNa vyutsarga - sAmAnyatayA gaNa se samUha kA artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, kintu yahA~ gaNa eka yA ekAntatA kA bodhaka hai| sAdhanA ke nimitta sAmUhika jIvana ko chor3akara ekAnta meM akele sAdhanA karanA gaNa vyutsarga kahalAtA hai| (3) upadhi vyutsarga - saMyama-sAdhanA meM Avazyaka maryAdAnusAra vastra, pAtra Adi muni jIvana ke lie Avazyaka vastuoM kA tyAga karanA yA unameM kamI karanA, upadhi vyutsarga ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| (4) bhaktapAna vyatsarga - bhojana, pAnI Adi kA tyAga karanA bhaktapAna vyutsarga kahalAtA hai| yaha anazana kA hI rUpa hai| Abhyantara vyutsarga ke tIna rUpa haiM - (1) kaSAya vyutsarga - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAroM kaSAyoM kA parityAga karanA kaSAya vyutsarga hai| (2) saMsAra vyutsarga - prANImAtra ke prati rAga-dveSa kI pravRttiyoM ko chor3akara sabake prati samatvabhAva rakhanA saMsAra vyutsarga hai| (3) karma vyutsarga - AtmA kI malinatA mana, vacana aura zarIra kI vividha pravRttiyoM ko janma detI hai| isa malinatA kA parityAga karanA zArIrika, mAnasika evaM vAcika pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA hai| yahI karma vyutsarga kahalAtA hai| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki anazana se lekara vyutsarga taka bAraha tapoM kI eka askhalita zrRMkhalA hai| jaina dharma kI isa tapa-sAdhanA kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki durbala se durbala aura sabala se sabala puruSa bhI apanI zakti ke anusAra, bala aura puruSArtha ke anusAra isa tapomArga kI ArAdhanA kara sakatA hai| choTe se choTA vrata tyAga (cAra yA pAMca ghaMTe kA AhAra tyAga) karake bhI isa tapa kI ArAdhanA prArambha kI jA sakatI hai aura phira UnodarI to rogI-bhogI-yogI Adi hara koI kara sakatA hai| isa taraha tapa kI saralatama sAdhanA bhI jaina paramparA meM batAI gayI hai tathA dhIre-dhIre tana-mana sadha jAne para kaThora dIrgha upavAsa, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga tapa kI sAdhanA dvArA sAdhaka ko tapa kI uccatama coTI para pahu~cane kI vidhi bhI kahI gayI hai| paMca AyAmI yoga yogaviMzikA 12 meM sAdhana kI apekSA se yoga ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM -

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 1. sthAna, 2 . UrNa (varNa) 3. artha, 4. Alambana aura 5. anAlambana / inameM se prathama do (sthAna aura UrNa) prakAra ke sAdhana karma - yoga ke antargata Ate haiM, kyoMki inameM kAyotsarga, Asana, tapa, maMtra, japa Adi kriyAoM ko karanA par3atA hai| vastutaH ye saba AcAramImAMsA se sambandhita mAne gaye haiN| bAda ke tIna prakAra ke sAdhana jJAnayoga ke antargata Ate haiM, kyoMki inameM kriyA kI apekSA jJAna para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| Age AcArya ne ina pA~coM meM se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra bheda batalAye haiM / icchA, pravRtti, sthiratA aura siddhi Adi / isa prakAra yoga ke bIsa bheda ho jAte haiN| anAlambana yoga ke siddha ho jAne para 'kSapaka zreNI' prArambha ho jAtI hai| phalataH sAdhaka parama nirvANa kI prApti karatA hai| isameM sAdhaka ke saMskAra itane dRr3ha ho jAte haiM ki yogapravRtti karate samaya zAstra ko smaraNa karane kI apekSA hI nahIM rahatI aura samAdhi kI avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai / 113 ye pA~coM yoga usI sAdhaka ko sadhate haiM jo cAritramohanIya ke kSayopazama se aMzata: yA sampUrNatayA cAritrasampanna hotA hai / 114 45 AcArya haribhadra sUri ke hI yogabindu meM paMca AyAmI yoga115 kA varNana milatA hai, jo uparyukta pA~ca prakAroM se bhinna hai - 1. adhyAtma, 2. bhAvanA, 3. dhyAna, 4. samatA aura 5. vRtti| apane sAmarthya ke anusAra mahAvratoM ko, aNuvratoM ko svIkAra kara maitrI, karuNA Adi bhAvanAoM se yukta tattvArtha cintana-manana karanA adhyAtma, adhyAtma kI ekAgratApUrvaka punarAvartana bhAvanA, sUkSma cintana kI avasthA dhyAna, iSTa-aniSTa ke prati samabhAva rakhanA samatA tathA zarIra aura mana ke sambandha se utpanna hone vAlI vRttiyoM kI atyanta kSINatA vRti hai / yoga ke tIna prakAra uparyukta pA~ca prakAra ke yogoM ke atirikta tIna prakAra ke yogoM kA bhI ullekha dekhane ko milatA hai| ve tIna isa prakAra haiM - 1. icchAyoga 2. zAstrayoga 3. sAmarthyayoga / icchAyoga - anuSThAna karane kI icchA kA jAgrata honA icchAyoga kahalAtA hai| yadyapi sAdhaka anuSThAnoM ko kriyAnvita karane ke lie prayatnazIla hotA hai, tathApi Alasyavaza unako kAryAnvita nahIM kara pAtA / zAstrayoga - jisase tAttvika bodha arthAt samyagdRSTi kI prApti hotI hai use zAstrayoga kahate haiN| isameM sAdhaka Alasya rahita evaM zraddhAyukta hokara anuSThAnoM kA pAlana karatA hai / 196

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 46 sAmarthyayoga - Atmahita ke lie zAstroM meM yoga ke jina-jina uttama anuSThAnoM kI carcA hai, unakA apanI zakti evaM sAmarthya ke anusAra mokSa-prApti ke lie pAlana karanA sAmarthyayoga hai|117 isa yoga ko mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa mAnA gayA hai,kyoMki yaha prAtibha jJAna se yukta tathA sarvajJatA kI prApti karAnevAlA hai| isameM sAdhaka kA anubhava anirvacanIya sthiti meM hotA hai|118 sAmarthyayoga ke do bheda'19 kiye gaye haiM (ka) dharmasaMnyAsa yoga tathA (kha) yogasaMnyAsa yoga jisa yoga meM rAgAdi se utpanna kSamA, mArdava, Arjava Adi bhAva hote haiM tathA vratoM kA pAlana karate samaya kabhI jIva unnata avasthA aura kabhI avanata avasthA meM hotA hai, usako dharmasaMnyAsa yoga kahA jAtA hai| yogasaMnyAsa kI avasthA ko zailezIkaraNa ke nAma se bhI sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| dharmasaMnyAsI yogI AtmavikAsa karate-karate kramaza: yogasaMnyAsa kI avasthA taka pahu~catA hai|120 isa avasthA meM jIva ke Upara-nIce jAne kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA, kyoMki taba taka yogI sampUrNa mana, vacana evaM kAya ke vyApAroM kA pUrNata: nirodha kara liyA hotA hai aura yogI kI AtmA mukti ke sAtha sambandha sthApita karatI hai| yoga ke sabhI prakAroM meM se ise sarvottama yoga kahA gayA hai|221 jaina paramparA meM kuNDalinI yoga yoga ke prakAroM meM eka kuNDalinI yoga bhI hai jisakI carcA vaidika graMthoM meM to milatI hai, parantu jahA~ taka jainAgamoM kA sambandha hai, kuNDalinI kI carcA na Agama granthoM meM prApta hotI hai, na paravartI yoga-viSayaka sAhityoM meM hI / kuNDalinI yoga dvArA yogI apane AtmasvarUpa kI prApti karatA hai| tAtparya hai ki yogI kaNDalinI ke navacakroM ke AdhAra para japa evaM mantroM kA cintana karate-karate mana ko ekAgra karatA hai tathA Atmadarzana karane meM samartha hotA hai| Adhunika jaina sAhitya namaskAra svAdhyAya 22 meM kaNDalinI ke navacakroM kA varNana AyA hai jise vaidika paramparA se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai 1. gudA ke madhya bhAga meM AdhAra ckr| 2. liMga mUla ke pAsa svAdhiSThAna ckr| 3. nAbhi ke pAsa maNipura ckr| 4. hRdaya ke pAsa anAhata ckr| 5. kaNTha ke pAsa vizuddha ckr|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 6. ghaNTikA ke pAsa lalanA cakra / 7. kapAla sthita AjJA cakra / 8. mUrdhvAsthita brahmarandhra cakra / 9. urdhvabhAga sthita suSumnA cakra / maMtrarAja rahasya meM bhI kuNDalinI yoga kI kucha carcAyeM milatI haiM / 123 isa prakAra yoga ke vibhinna prakAra sAdhaka ko mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika tInoM prakAra ke dharmavyApAroM meM samatAbhAva lAne kI ora agrasara karate haiM jinase kI sAdhaka kramazaH Atmonnati karatA huA apane sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya karate hue mokSa kI prApti karatA hai| ataH yoga hI parama hai| yoga hI carama hai| yoga hI Ananda kA Alaya hai| yoga hI AtmAnubhUti kA nilaya hai| yoga hI aihika aura pAralaukika aizvarya kA dAtA hai, paritrAtA hai| yogapradIpa meM yoga kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai - jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpI ratnatrayayoga hI parama ucca mokSapada ko prApta karane kA uttama sAdhana hai / 124 yoga zAstroM kA upaniSad hai, mokSapradAtA hai tathA samasta vighna-bAdhAoM ko zamana karanevAlA kalpataru evaM cintAmaNi hai| dharmoM meM pradhAna yaha yogasiddhi to svayaM ke anugraha athavA adhyavasAya se milatI hai / 125 bauddha paramparA meM yoga kA svarUpa 47 yoga kI paribhASA bauddha paramparA meM yoga kA artha samAdhi yA dhyAna se liyA gayA hai| bodhisatva kI prApti hone se pUrva buddha zvAsocchavAsa ke nirodha kA prayatna karate the / aMguttaranikAya meM varNana AyA hai - ve apane ziSya aggivessana se kahate haiM ki maiM zvAsocchavAsa kA nirodha karanA cAhatA thA, isalie maiM mu~ha, nAka evaM kAna meM se nikalate hue sA~sa ko rokane kA use nirodha karane kA prayatna karatA rahA / 126 isase spaSTa hotA hai ki zvAsocchavAsa kI usa prakriyA se buddha ko samAdhi kI prApti nahIM huii| isalie bodhisatva kI prApti ke pazcAt buddha ne haThayoga kA tyAga kara madhyama- pratipada ke dvArA aSTAMgika mArga kA upadeza diyA jisameM samAdhi ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| samAdhi ko paribhASita karate hue visuddhimaggo meM kahA gayA hai - kuzala citta kI ekAgratA ko samAdhi kahate haiM / ' | 127 dUsarI bhASA meM kahA gayA hai jaba citta kisI kuzala Alambana meM vikSepa yA cAJcalya kA tyAga kara ekAgra ho jAtA hai, to citta kI usa

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ekAgratA ko hI samAdhi kahate haiM / 128 jisakA eka Alambana hotA hai use ekAgra kahate haiM aura usakA bhAva ekAgratA kahalAtA hai| cU~ki sabhI kuzala dharma samAdhi meM pratiSThita hote haiM, ataH samAdhi ko pramukha mAnA gayA hai / jisa prakAra kisI mInAra kI sabhI sIr3hiyA~ sabase UparavAlI maMjila kI ora hI le jAnevAlI hotI haiM, Upara jAkara hI unakA aMta hotA hai, usI prakAra jitane bhI kuzala dharma hai sabhI samAdhi kI ora jAte haiN| parantu aisA nahIM hai ki bauddha granthoM meM yoga zabda kA prayoga hI nahIM huA hai| prayoga huA hai, kintu mUla rUpa se pAlitripiTaka meM yoga zabda kA prayoga isa artha meM nahIM huA hai| dhammapada meM yoga ko jJAnaprApti kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai / 129 48 jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki yoga sAdhanA AtmA kI zuddhi karAnevAlI kriyAe~ haiM, jinase AtmA kA uttarotara vikAsa hotA hai aura vaha mokSa kI ora agrasara hotI hai| yoga ke prakAra bauddha yoga-sAdhanA kA mukhya sambandha samAdhi se hai / buddhatva kI prApti ke bAda paMcavargIya bhikSuoM ko diye gaye apane prathama dharmopadeza meM buddha ne sabase pahale jJAna-prApti kA mArga batAte hue kahA ki pravrajitoM ko do antoM kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| kAraNa, ina donoM antoM ke sevana karane se na to kAmatRSNA kA vinAza hotA hai aura na hI sacce jJAna kA laabh| isake lie to madhyamamArga arthAt bIca kA rAstA hI zreyaskara hai| jJAna prApti kI sAdhanA karanevAle yogI ko na to kAma sevana meM lipta honA cAhie aura na hI apane zarIra ko kaSTa denA cAhie / yahI bIca kA rAstA bauddha dharma meM 'madhyama - pratipadA' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / 130 isa madhyama pratipadA kA dUsarA nAma hI Arya aSTAMgikamArga hai| Arya aSTAMgika mArga meM aise ATha aMgoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai jinake pAlana karane se vyakti zIla tathA samAdhi ko prApta kara prajJA lAbha karatA hai| nirvANagAmI mArgoM meM aSTAMgika mArga zreSTha hai| jisa prakAra sabhI dharmoM meM vairAgya aura manuSya meM cakSusmAna jJAnI -- buddha zreSTha haiM, usI prakAra loka meM jitane bhI satya haiM unameM Aryasatya zreSTha hai| buddha kA yaha aSTAMgika mArga duHkhanirodhagAminI pratipada ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isake antargata ve samasta sAdhanAe~ A jAtI haiM jo duHkha nirodha meM sahAyaka hotI haiM / 1 3 1 aSTAMgika mArga ke ATha aMga nimnalikhita haiM- 1. samyak dRSTi, 2. samyak - saMkalpa, 3. samyak-vAka, 4. samyak - karmAnta, 5. samyak - AjIva, 6. samyak - vyAyAma, 7. samyak smRti, 8. samyak - samAdhi / -

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 49 samyak dRSTi dRSTi kA artha hotA hai - jnyaan| satkArya ke lie jJAna kI bhitti kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki vicAra kI bhitti para hI AcAra khar3A hotA hai| isIlie aSTAMgika AcAra-mArga meM samyak dRSTi ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| avidyA ke kAraNa hama aisA samajhate haiM ki manuSya amara hai, saMsAra satya hai; kintu yaha hamArI mithyA dRSTi hai| isa mithyA dRSTi ko sahI DhaMga se samajhanA arthAt AtmA aura jagata ke astitva ke sambandha meM sahI jJAna prApta karanA tathA Aryasatya ke prati vizvAsa samyakdRSTi hai|132 majjhimanikAya ke sammAdiThThisutta 133 meM kahA gayA hai - durAcaraNa ko, durAcaraNa ke mUla kAraNa ko, sadAcaraNa ko tathA sadAcaraNa ke mUla kAraNa ko pahacAna lenA hI samyak - dRSTi hai| durAcaraNa evaM sadAcaraNa abhiprAya dRSTi se yahA~ karma ke do bheda mAne gaye haiM akuzala evaM kuzala / ina karmoM kA vivaraNa nimna prakAra hai - kAyika karma vAcika karma mAnasika karma akuzala prANAtipAta arthAt hiMsA adattAdAna arthAt corI mithyAcAra arthAt vyabhicAra . mRSAvacana arthAt jhUTha pizunavacana arthAt cugalI parUSavacana arthAt kaTuvacana sampralApa arthAt bakavAsa abhidhyA arthAt lobha { mithyAdRSTi arthAt jhUThI dhAraNA kuzala ahiMsA acaurya avyabhicAra amRSAvacana apizunavacana akaTuvacana asampralApa alobha apratihiMsA amithyAdRSTi durAcaraNa arthAt akuzala kA mUla hai - lobha, doSa tathA moha aura akuzala karmoM ko na karanA hI kuzala karma hai| ina karmoM kA samyak jJAna honA hI samyak-dRSTi hai| dUsare zabdoM meM duHkha, duHkha ke kAraNa, duHkha kA nirodha evaM duHkha-nirodha ke mArga ko ThIka se samajhanA samyak - dRSTi hai / 134 - samyak - saMkalpa - AryasatyoM kA mAtra jJAna prApta kara lenA lAbhadAyaka nahIM hotA, jaba taka ki usake anusAra jIvanayApana ke lie sAdhaka dRr3ha saMkalpa na ho jaae| jaba vyakti ko sAMsArika duHkhoM evaM unake kAraNoM kA vAstavika jJAna ho jAtA hai taba vaha unase apane ko mukta karane kA pakkA nizcaya kara letA hai| bauddha graMthoM meM isI ko samyak-saMkalpa kahA gayA hai| ataH pratyeka vyakti ko yaha saMkalpa karanA cAhie ki vaha

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana viSaya kI kAmanA nahIM karegA, prANiyoM se droha nahIM karegA aura kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM kregaa| isI ko majjhimanikAya meM naiSkramya saMkalpa, avyApAda saMkalpa aura avihiMsA saMkalpa kahA gayA hai| 135 50 samyak-vAk - satya, madhura evaM hitakara vacana bolanevAle vyakti kI vANI ko samyak-vAk kahA jAtA hai| 1 36 dUsare zabdoM meM vacana se sadAcaraNapUrNa rahanA hI samyak-vAk hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki saMkalpa manasA hI nahIM varan vacana meM bhI honA caahie| dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki jina vacanoM se dUsare ke hRdaya ko coTa pahu~ce, jo vacana kaTu ho, jinase dUsaroM kI nindA ho, jinase vyartha kA bakavAsa ho, unheM kabhI nahIM kahanA caahie| vaira kI zAnti kaTuvacanoM se nahIM hotI, balki avaira se hotI hai / 137 samyak karmAnta - jisa prakAra vAcika sadAcaraNa ko samyak - vAk kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra kAyika sadAcaraNa ko samyak karmAnta kahA gayA hai| karma ke kAraNa hI jIva isa loka meM sukha yA duHkha bhogatA hai tathA paraloka meM bhI svarga yA naraka kA gAmI banatA hai| hiMsA, corI, vyabhicAra Adi nindanIya kAryoM kA sarvathA va sarvadA parityAga karanA Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA nazA tyAga ina pA~ca anuSThAnoM kA sevana pratyeka vyakti ke lie apekSita hai| jo vyakti ina anuSThAnoM kA pAlana nahIM karatA vaha isa loka meM apanA jar3a hI khodatA hai / 138 | samyak - AjIva - zArIrika evaM vAcika duScaritratA ko chor3akara parizuddha kAryoM dvArA apanI jIvikA calAnA samyak - AjIva kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ucita vacana evaM ucita karmoM ke sAtha nyAyapUrNa DhaMga se jIvikopArjana samyak - AjIva hai / buddha ne pA~ca prakAra ke jIvikopArjana ke sAdhana ko ayogya ThaharAyA hai139 1. sattha vaNijjA arthAt hathiyAra kA vyaapaar| 2. satta vaNijjA arthAt prANI kA vyApAra / 3. maMsa vaNijjA arthAt mAMsa kA vyApAra / 4. majja vaNijjA arthAt zarAba kA vyApAra / 5. viSa vaNijjA arthAt viSa kA vyApAra / isI prakAra dIghanikAya ke lakkhaNasutta meM bhI kucha vyApAroM ko tyAjya batAyA gayA hai, jo nimnalikhita haiN| -

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 51 1. tarAjU kI ThagI, 2. kaMsa yAnI baTakhare kI ThagI, 3. mAna arthAt nApa kI ThagI, 4. rizvata, 5. vacanA, 6. kRtaghnatA, 7. sAciyoga yAnI kuTilatA, 8. chedana, 9. vadha, 10. bandhana, 11. DAkA, 12. lUTa-pATa kI jIvikA aadi| samyak-vyAyAma - vyAyAma kA artha hotA hai -prytn| samyak-dRSTi, samyak-saMkalpa Adi ke hote hue bhI aisI AMzakA banI rahatI hai ki purAne kuprabhAvoM ke kAraNa sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA-patha se vicalita na ho jaae| ata: usake lie kucha mAnasika vyAyAma batAye gaye haiM 1. purAne bure bhAva ko naSTa karane kA prayAsa, 2. naye bure bhAva ko mana meM na Ane dene kI ceSTA, 3. mana ko acchI bAtoM meM pUrNa rakhanA tathA 4. acche vicAroM ko mana meM pratiSThita karane ke lie sadaiva prayatnazIla rahanA Adi, yahI samyak-vyAyAma hai| samyak-smRti - samyak-dRSTi, samyak-saMkalpa, samyak-vAk, samyakkarmAnta Adi ke AdhAra para sAdhaka ko saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, kintu aisA svAbhAvika hai ki vaha ise bhUlakara kahIM puna: saMsAra ke rAga-dveSa meM na baddha jaae| ata: use hamezA yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki yaha saMsAra nazvara hai| majjhimanikAya941 meM cAra prakAra ke smRti prasthAnoM kA varNana milatA hai - 1. kAyAnupazyanA 2. vedAnupazyanA 3. cittAnupazyanA aura 4. dhrmaanupshynaa| ina cAra smRti prasthAna ko sadA smRti meM rakhanA hI samyak-smRti hai|| ___ kAyAnupazyanA--kAya meM honevAlI kriyAoM ko sUkSmatA se jAnate rahanA kAyAnupazyanA smRti hai| vedAnupazyanA-sukha vedanA, duHkha vedanA, asukha-aduHkha vedanA meM se jisa vedanA kA anubhava ho rahA ho, use usI rUpa meM jAnanA vedAnupazyanA-smRti kahalAtI hai| cittAnupazyanA-sarAga citta, virAga citta Adi vibhinna cittoM meM se jaba jo citta jisa rUpa meM ho, usa samaya use usI rUpa meM jAnane ko cittAnupazyanA smRtti kahate haiN| dharmAnupazyanA--vibhinna prakAra ke dharmoM meM jo dharma ho use usI rUpa meM jAnanA dharmAnupazyanA smRti kahalAtI hai| dharma bhI kaI prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM - 1. nIvaraNa 2. auddhatya 3. Ayatana, 4. bodhyaMga, 5. Arya ctusstty| inake svarUpa ko ThIka-ThIka usI rUpa meM jAnanA dharmAnupazyanA smRti hai| samyaka-samAdhi - aSTAMgika-mArga ke uparyukta sabhI prakAra samyak-samAdhi kI pUrva pIThikA haiM jinameM samAdhi ke nimitta samyak-smRti kI vizeSa AvazyakatA par3atI hai| majjhimanikAya meM varNana AyA hai ki smRti-upasthAna ke cAra prakAra samAdhi ke nimitta

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 52 haiM jabaki cAroM prakAra ke samyak - vyAyAma samAdhi kI sAmagrI haiM / 142 samAdhi kA artha hotA hai - smaadhaan| samAdhi ko paribhASita karate hue visuddhimaggo meM kahA gayA hai ki kuzala citta kI ekAgratA hI samAdhi hai / 143 jisakA eka hI Alambana hotA hai vaha ekAgra aura usakA bhAva ekAgratA kahalAtI hai / upazamana samAdhi kA svabhAva hai / jisa prakAra vAyu ke pravega se rahita sthAna meM dIpaka kI zikhA apane sthira svabhAva ko prApta kara letI hai, usI prakAra samAdhi meM citta apanI svAbhAvika sthiti ko prApta kara letA hai| samAdhi ke prakAra samAdhi ke prakAra ke viSaya meM alaga-alaga vidvAnoM ne alaga-alaga DhaMga se vyAkhyA kI hai| kisI ne samAdhi ke mukhya do prakAra batAye haiM, to kisI ne usI ko vyAkhyAyita karake chaH prakAra batA diye haiN| parantu samAdhi ke una chaH prakAroM kA samAveza do prakAra kI samAdhi meM ho jAtA hai| samAdhi ke prakAra isa prakAra haiM ekavidha samAdhi samAdhi ke sAmAnya lakSaNa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bheda-prabhedoM para vicAra karate haiN| to samAdhi eka hI prakAra kI pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki kisI prakAra kA vikSepa na honA hI isakA pramukha lakSaNa hai| vikSiptatA kA abhAva hone se utpanna sukha isakA Asanna kAraNa hai / 144 dvividha samAdhi samAdhi ko cAra vikalpoM dvArA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiye jAne ke kAraNa dvividha samAdhi kahA gayA hai| cAra vikalpa nimna haiM - 1. upacAra samAdhi tathA arpaNA samAdhi | 2. laukika samAdhi tathA lokottara samAdhi / upacAra samAdhi jisa prakriyA meM dasa karma-sthAnoM ke kAraNa citta kI ekAgratA prApta hotI hai vaha upacAra samAdhi kahalAtI hai / yadyapi isa samAdhi meM pAMca nIvaraNoM kA prahANa ho jAne se citta meM ekAgratA A jAtI hai, kintu isameM vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha evaM ekAgratA Adi dhyAnAMgoM kA prAdurbhAva nahIM hotA hai / 145 arpaNA samAdhi ke samIpavartI hone ke kAraNa ise upacAra samAdhi kahA gayA hai|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha arpaNA samAdhi - jina pA~ca dhyAnAMgoM kA upacAra samAdhi meM prAdurbhAva nahIM ho pAtA hai una pA~ca dhyAnAMgoM kA arpaNA samAdhi meM prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai aura ve sudRr3ha hote haiN| jisa prakAra choTA bAlaka khar3A hokara calane kA prayatna karatA hai, abhyAsAbhAva ke kAraNa vaha bAra-bAra gira par3atA hai, ThIka usI prakAra upacAra samAdhi meM citta kabhI Alambana ko apanA nimitta banAtA hai to kabhI bhavAMga ko, kintu arpaNA samAdhi meM vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha evaM ekAgratA Adi pA~ca dhyAnAMgoM kA prAdurbhAva ho jAne ke kAraNa citta eka hI Alambana meM sthira banA rahatA hai|146 laukika samAdhi- kAma, rUpa tathA arUpa bhUmiyoM se sambandhita kuzala citta kI ekAgratA ko laukika samAdhi kahate haiN| laukika samAdhi ko zamathayAna bhI kahate haiM,147 jisakI carcA Age kI jaayegii| lokottara samAdhi- AryamArga se samprayukta ekAgratA lokottara samAdhi hai| ise vipazyanA yAna bhI kahA jAtA hai|148 trividha samAdhi visuddhimaggo meM lakSya kI dRSTi se tIna prakAra kI samAdhi kA varNana milatA hIna samAdhi - jo sAdhaka samAdhi ko prApta karane mAtra se santuSTa ho jAtA hai usakI samAdhi hIna samAdhi kahalAtI hai| hIna samAdhi kA lakSya sAMsArika vaibhava kI upalabdhi hai| madhyama samAdhi - jo sAdhaka samAdhi ko prApta kara use Age bar3hAne kA thor3Abahuta prayAsa karatA hai, usakI samAdhi madhyama samAdhi kahalAtI hai| madhyama samAdhi kA lakSya citta zAnti hai| praNIta samAdhi- sAdhaka dvArA bhalI prakAra se abhyAsa kI gayI samAdhi praNIta samAdhi hai| praNIta samAdhi kA lakSya dUsaroM ke hita kA sampAdana hotA hai| ___ isa prakAra visuddhimaggo meM ekavidha, dvividha, trividha, caturvidha tathA paMcavidha samAdhiyoM kA varNana milatA hai| parantu unakA gaharAI se adhyayana karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki samAdhi ke sabhI prakAra mukhyata: laukika evaM lokottara samAdhi ke svarUpa ko hI dhAraNa kiye hue haiN|

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54 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana samAdhi ke bAdhaka tattva samAdhi kI kriyA meM vighna utpanna karanevAle tattvoM ko bauddha paramparA meM nIvaraNa kahA gayA hai| kAmacchanda, vyApAda, styAna, middha, auddhatya, kaukRtya evaM vicikitsA, ye sAta bAdhaka tattva haiN| cU~ki ye dhyAna Adi kuzala dharmoM kA nivAraNa kara dete haiM, isalie inheM nIvaraNa kahA gayA hai|150 kAmacchanda- viSayoM ke prati anurAga ko kAmachanda kahate haiN| kAmacchanda hone se samAdhi meM citta pratiSThita nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki viSayoM meM Asakta vyakti ke citta evaM usameM uThanevAle vibhinna caitasika dharmoM kA kisI eka Alambana meM sthira honA asaMbhava hai| vyApAda- hiMsA ko vyApAda kahate haiN| hiMsA bhAva se citta parivartita hotA rahatA hai| styAna evaM middha- akarmaNyatA ko styAna tathA Alasya ko middha kahate haiN| styAna aura middha se citta akarmaNya ho jAtA hai| auddhatya- citta kI avyavasthita avasthA ko auddhatya kahate haiN| kaukRtya- citta meM kheda yA pazcAtApa kA AnA kaukRtya kahalAtA hai| auddhatya aura kaukRtya ke zAnta hone se citta ko zAnti evaM sukha kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vicikitsA saMzaya ko vicikitsA kahate haiN| vicikitsA ke zAnta hone se citta dhyAna-lAbha karAnevAle mArga para ArUr3ha hotA hai| ataH samAdhi kI bhAvanA ke lie udyogI sAdhaka ko ina sAta vighnakAraka nIvaraNoM kA nAza karanA caahie|151 jaba sAdhaka nIvaraNoM kA vinAza kara letA hai, tabhI use dhyAna kA lAbha hotA hai evaM usameM dhyAna ke vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha yA ekAgratA-ina pA~ca aMgoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| 152 samyagtapa cittazuddhi kA satat prayatna hI bauddhAcAryoM ke anusAra tapa hai| bauddha sAdhanApaddhati meM tapa ko AtmA kI akuzala cittavRttiyoM yA pApa vAsanAoM ke kSINa karane kA eka sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAn buddha aura nimrantha upAsaka siMha senApati ke saMvAda se isa tathya ko aura adhika spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| buddha ne upAsaka siMha se pUchA- he siMha! eka paryAya aisA hai jisase satyavAdI manuSya mujhe tapasvI kaha ske| vaha paryAya kauna

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 55 sA hai? he siMha! maiM kahatA hU~ pApakAraka akuzala dharmoM ko tapA DAlA jAe, jisake pApakAraka akuzala dharma gala gaye, phira utpanna nahIM hue, use maiM tapasvI kahatA huuN|153 isI prakAra kAsibhAradvAjasutta meM bhI tathAgata ne kahA hai- maiM zraddhA kA bIja botA hU~, usa para tapazcaryA kI vRSTi hotI hai| zarIra vANI se saMyata rahatA hU~ aura AhAra se niyamita rahakara satya dvArA maiM mana-doSoM kI gor3AI karatA huuN|154 isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki buddha kA jIvana kaThoratama tapasyAoM se bharA huA hai| buddha ne prArambha meM zarIra damana ke lie tapa sAdhanA kI thI, parantu jaba ve kisI niSkarSa para nahIM pahu~ca sake taba unhoMne madhyamamArga kA pratipAdana kiyaa| DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana ke zabdoM meM - "yadyapi buddha ne kaThora tapazcaryA kI AlocanA kI, phira bhI yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki bauddha-zramaNoM kA anuzAsana kisI bhI brAhmaNa grantha meM varNita anuzAsana (tapazcaryA) se kama kaThora nahIM hai|55 buddha ne kahA hai ki kisI tapa yA vrata ke karane se kuzala dharma bar3hate haiM to akuzala dharma ghaTate haiN| ata: ise avazya karanA caahie|156 yahI kAraNa hai ki brahmacarya, AryasatyoM kA darzana, nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra Adi ke sAtha tapa ko bhI uttama maMgala kahA gayA hai| tapa ke prakAra bauddha paramparA meM tapa ke prakAra kA koI spaSTa varNana nahIM milatA hai| lekina tapa kI zreSThatA aura nikRSTatA ko batAte hue usake cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM1. Atmantapa - isake antargata ve tapasvI Ate haiM jo svayaM ko kaSTa dete haiM, lekina dUsare ko nhiiN| 2. parantapa- isameM badhika evaM pazubali denevAle Ate haiM, jo dUsaroM ko hI kaSTa dete haiN| 3. Atmantapa-parantapa - ye prathama evaM dvitIya kA mizrita rUpa hai, yathA tapazcaryA sahita yajJa-yAjJa karanevAle / 4. na Atmantapa-na parantapa- isake antargata ve loga Ate haiM jo na svayaM ko kaSTa dete haiM aura na dUsaroM ko hI kaSTa dete haiN| buddha inameM se cauthe prakAra ke tapa ko zreSTha mAnate haiM jo madhyama pratipadA siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| yoga ke tIna prakAra (trividha yoga) bauddha-darzana meM bhI trividha yoga-sAdhanA kI vyavasthA hai- zIla, samAdhi aura prjnyaa| jise bauddha paramparA meM triratna kahA gayA hai| yaha aSTAMgika mArga ko hI prastatu karane

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56 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI eka prakriyA hai| yadi aSTAMgika mArga tathA triratna ko eka hI sAtha dRSTi meM lAyeMge to dekheMge ki samyak-AjIva zIla ke antargata AtA hai| isI prakAra samyak-vyAyAma, samyak-smRti tathA samyak-samAdhi samAdhi ke antargata tathA samyak-dRSTi tathA samyaksaMkalpa prajJA ke antargata Ate haiN|157 kahIM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ko vIrya, zraddhA evaM prajJA bhI kahA gayA hai|158 sAdhaka sAdhanA kA prArambha zIla se karatA hai, samAdhi se vaha apanI sAdhanA kA vikAsa karatA hai tathA prajJA se vaha apane duHkha-nirodha rUpI lakSya ko prApta karatA hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA buddha zAsana kA kramaza: Adi, madhya evaM anta hai| tAtparya hai bhagavAn buddha kA dharma Adi meM kalyANamaya, madhya meM kalyANamaya tathA anta meM bhI kalyANamaya hai|59 puggalapaJati meM dIpaka kA udAharaNa dete hue kahA gayA hai ki zIla dIpaka ke prakAza kI bhA~ti hotA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka ke prakAza se andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra kuzalazIla se akuzalazIla naSTa ho jAte haiN| samAdhi nIvaraNoM ko haTAkara klezoM ko abhibhUta karatI hai aura prajJA klezoM kA samuccheda karatI hai|160 isa prakAra bauddha dharmAntargata zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA yoga-sAdhanA karanevAle yogI ke lie tIna saraNI hai jisake dvArA vaha saMsAra ke jAti, jarA-maraNa rUpI du:khoM se mukta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki zIla aura samAdhi kA phala hai prajJA kA udaya aura jaba taka prajJA kA udaya nahIM hotA taba taka avidyA kA nAza nahIM ho sktaa| ata: sAdhaka kA pradhAna lakSya isI prajJA kI upalabdhi meM hotA hai| zIla zIla kA artha hotA hai- sdaacaar| sAmAnya rUpa se zIla use kahate haiM jisake AdhAra para manuSya meM saMyamarUpa sadguNa ThaharatA hai| zIla kI mahattA isI meM hai ki binA usake samAdhi evaM prajJA kA honA asaMbhava hai| yadi koI sAdhaka bauddha dharma meM batAyI gayI vidhi se cita kI ekAgratA ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai to usake lie sarvaprathama yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha zIla sampanna ho| vibhinna pAli graMthoM meM zIla kA varNana milatA hai| dIghanikAya ke brahmajAlasutta meM tIna prakAra ke zIla-Arambhika zIla, madhyama zIla evaM mahAzIla kA vistRta varNana milatA hai|161 jinameM pramukha evaM upayogI zIla dasa62 prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM 1. prANAtipAta virati--sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA se viramaNa / 2. adattAdAna virati-svAmI kI anumati ke binA kisI bhI vastu kA agrhnn|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 57 3. abrahmacarya virati-mAtra kAmecchA viramaNa hI nahIM, pratyuta kAmecchA ke ___ sambhava hetuoM kA bhI virmnn| 4. mRSAvAda virati-jhUTha kA virmnn| 5. surAmadya virati-nazIlI vastuoM ke sevana se viramaNa / 6. akAlabhojana virati-rAtri bhojana virmnn| 7. nATya-saMgIta virati- sabhI prakAra ke manoraMjanoM kA viramaNa / 8. mAlya, gandha, vilepana Adi se virati - bhikSuoM ke lie zArIrika zrRMgAra prasAdhana kA virmnn| 9. uccazayana/mahAzayana virati - sukhapUrvaka zayana kA sarvathA tyaag| 10. jAtarUpa rajata ke prarigraha se virati - bahumUlya vastuoM ke grahaNa kA nissedh| upAsakoM/zrAvakoM ke lie prArambha kI pA~ca viratiyoM kA vidhAna hai, jo paMcazIla ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai, kintu bhikSuoM ke lie ukta sabhI dasa viratiyoM se sampanna honA Avazyaka hai| 163 zIla ke prakAra aise to visuddhimaggo meM AcAra ke AdhAra para zIla eka prakAra kA, cAritravAritra, virati-avirati Adi bhedoM se do prakAra kA, hIna-madhyama-uttama,AtmAdhipatyalokAdhipatya-dharmAdhipatya Adi bhedoM se tIna prakAra kA, hAnibhAgIya, sthitibhAgIya, vizeSabhAgIya, nirvedhabhAgIya; prAtimokSasaMvara, indriyasaMvara, AjIvapArizuddhi, pratyayasaMnizrita Adi bhedoM se cAra prakAra kA aura prahANa, veramaNI, cetanA, saMvara aura anulaMghana Adi bhedoM se pA~ca prakAra kA kahA gayA hai|164 kintu ina sabakA samAveza prAtimokSasaMvarazIla, indriya saMvarazIla, AjIvapArizuddhizIla aura pratyayasaMnizrita zIla ke antargata ho jAtA hai| prAtimokSasaMvarazIla . zikSApadazIla ko prAtimokSa kahate haiN| jaba sAdhaka prAtimokSasaMvara se yukta hotA huA, AcAra evaM gocara se sampanna hotA hai, lezamAtra doSoM se bhI bhaya khAtA hai aura zikSApadoM ko kuzalatApUrvaka sIkhatA hai to usa sAdhaka ke zIla ko prAtimokSasaMvarazIla kahA jAtA hai|165 mukhyataH isakA sambandha zabdoM, kRtyoM aura vicAroM kI pavitratA se hotA

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana hai / AcAra aura gocara kI sampannatA hI bhikSu kI vizeSatA hai / AcAra arthAt kAya tathA vacana se niyamoM kA ullaMghana na karanA tathA gocara yAnI bhikSA Adi ke lie jAne yogya sthaan|166 ataH sAdhaka ko koI bhI aisA AcaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie jisase saMgha ke niyamoM kA ullaMghana ho / yathA-saMgha meM khar3e hokara bolanA, hAtha jhAr3a-jhAr3akara bolanA, anya bhikSuoM ke binA jUte pahanakara Tahalate samaya jUte pahanakara TahalanA, nIce Tahalate samaya Upara TahalanA, bhikSuoM se saTakara baiThanA, ghATa para nahAte samaya, gRhasthoM ke gharoM ko jAte samaya sthavira bhikSuoM ke prati asammAna - pradarzana karanA Adi anAcAra ke dyotaka haiM, jinase saMgha ke niyamoM kA ullaMghana hotA hai| indriyasaMvarazIla A~kha, kAna, nAka Adi indriyoM kA nigraha karanevAlA zIla indriyasaMvara zIla kahalAtA hai| ise hama dUsarI bhASA meM kaha sakate haiM ki A~kha se rUpa ko dekhakara, kAna se zabda ko sunakara, nAka se gandha ko sU~ghakara, jIbha se rasa ko cakhakara, kAya se sparza karake, mana se dharma ko jAnakara Asrava ke nimitta aura anuvyaMjanoM ko na grahaNa karanA, unake saMvara ke lie surakSA karanA hI indriyasaMvara zIla kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra yogI viSayoM ke nimitta evaM anuvyaMjanoM ko na grahaNa kara smRtipUrvaka apane andara viSayajanya rAga-dveSa Adi vikAroM ko nahIM Ane detA hai| jisake pariNAmasvarUpa indriyoM se utpanna vikAroM se vaha surakSita ho jAtA hai / 167 yaha zIla smRtipradhAna hotA hai| ataH isameM smRti meM dRr3hatA na hone se sAdhaka ekAnta meM rahate hue bhI indriyasaMvarazIla se cyuta ho sakatA hai| 168 AjIvapArizuddhizIla 58 AjIvikA ke lie kiyA jAnevAlA kAyika evaM vAcika kArya AjIva kahalAtA AjIva kI zuddhatA meM jo zIla kAraNa rUpa hotA hai use AjIvapArizuddhizIla kahate haiM / AjIva se sambandhita chaH zikSApadoM 169 kA ullekha bauddha sAhitya meM milatA hai 1. AjIva ke lie avidyamAna, alaukika zakti ke bharose na rahanA / 2. strI-puruSa kA saMdeza eka-dUsare ke pAsa na phuNcaanaa| 3. jo tere vihAra meM rahatA hai vaha arhat hai - aise zabda kA prayoga na karanA / 4. bImAra na hone para icchAnurUpa apane lie uttama bhojana na taiyAra krvaanaa| bhikSuNI dvArA bImAra na hone para dUsare se kahakara apane lie uttama bhojana

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha na bnvaanaa| 6. bImAra na hone para logoM se kahakara sUpa yA pakA cAvala na khaanaa| ise isa prakAra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI ko Azcarya meM DAlanA, ThagabAjI karanA, apane ko yA dAyaka ko bar3hA-car3hAkara kahanA jisase vaha kucha de, apane lAbha ke lie dUsaroM ko burA-bhalA kahanA,lobha se lAbha ko DhUMr3hanA ityAdi bure karmoM se honevAlI AjIvikA se virata honA-AjIvapArizuddhizIla hai| pratyayasaMnizritazIla vastra (cIvara), bhikSAnna (piNDapAta), zayanAsana, glAna-pratyaya-bhaiSajya-ye cAra pratyaya mAne gaye haiN| ina cAra pratyayoM para bhalI-bhAMti vicAra karake sevana karane ko pratyayasaMnizritazIla kahA jAtA hai| cUMki inake sahAre paribhoga karate hue prANI calate haiM, pravartita hote haiM, jIvita rahate haiM, isalie inheM pratyaya kahA gayA hai| AjIvapArizuddhizIlapUrvaka prApta cIvarAdi cAra pratyayoM kA sevana karate samaya yadi ucita vicAra nahIM kiyA jAya to ye pratyaya sAdhanA meM bAdhaka siddha hote haiN| ata: sAdhaka ko cAhie ki pratyayoM ke sevana karane ke pUrva unake viSaya meM pUrvApara vicAra kara le| isa prakAra cAra zuddhizIloM kA zuddha rUpa se pAlana karane para zIla kI vizuddhi kAyama rahatI hai| uparyukta cAroM zIla meM prAtimokSasaMvarazIla zraddhApradhAna, indriyasaMvarazIla smRtipradhAna, AjIvaparizuddhizIla vIryapradhAna tathA pratyaya saMnizritazIla prajJApradhAnazIla hai| ina cAra zIloM meM kisI prakAra kI vikRti A jAne para dezanA, saMvara, paryeSTi, pratyavekSaNa Adi cAra zuddhi upAyoM kA vidhAna hai|270 prAtimokSasaMvarazIla meM AyI huI vikRti ko sAtha raha rahe bhikSu ko batA denA dezanAzuddhi hai| indriyasaMvarazIla meM vikRti utpanna hone para dRr3ha nizcaya karanA ki puna: aisA nahIM hogA, saMvarazaddhi hai| AjIva pArizuddhizIla meM vikRti A jAne para dharmapUrvaka AjIva meM saMlagna rahanA paryeSTi zuddhi hai tathA pratyayasaMnizritazIla meM vikRti A jAne para prajJApUrvaka use dUra karanA pratyavekSaNa zuddhi hai| dhutAGgaH klezoM ko dhuna kara rakha dene vAle jJAnAMga dhutAGga kahe jAte haiN|171 dhutAGga ke AcaraNa se sAdhaka sabhI prakAra ke vikAroM ko dho DAlatA hai| dhutAGga ko jJAnAGga bhI kahate haiN| zIla kI parizuddhi ke lie yogI dvArA lokAmiSa (lAbha-satkAra) kA parityAga, zarIra .

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura jIvana ke prati nirmamatva tathA vipazyanA bhAvanA kI prApti bhI apekSita hai| isakI pUrti ke lie bauddhadharma meM teraha dhutAGgoM ke pAlana ko upayogI batAyA gayA hai, kyoMki dhutAGgoM se alpecchatA, saMtuSTi Adi guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| dhutAGgoM ke teraha prakAra nimnalikhita haiM pAMzukUlikAMga- jo kapar3A dhUla ke samAna chinna-bhinna ho yA dhUla ke samAna kutsita avasthA ko prApta ho, usa kapar3e ko pAMzukUla kahA jAtA hai| jo isa prakAra ke kapar3e ko dhAraNa karatA hai use pAMzukUlika kahate haiN| ata: pAMzukUlika kA aMga pAMzukUlikAMga kahalAtA hai|172 pAMzukUlika cIvara ko kAma ko dagdha karanevAlA mAnA gayA hai| 173 isa niyama ko grahaNa karanevAlA sAdhaka vastra ke viSaya meM alpecchatA aura saMtuSTi sampanna ho jAtA hai| cIvarikAMga-saMghATI, antaravAsaka tathA uttarAsaMga-ye cIvara (vastra ) ke tIna prakAra haiN| jo yogI ina tIna vastroM ko grahaNa karane kA vrata letA hai usakA zIla traicIvarikAMga kahalAtA hai| isase lobhAdi doSoM kA vinAza hotA hai| piNDapAtikAMga- piNDapAtikAMga kA artha hotA hai- bhikSAvRtti ke dvArA udarapUrti krnaa| ata: bhikSA ke lie bhramaNa kA zIla dhAraNa karanevAle yogI ke zIla ko piNDapAtikAMga kahate haiN| piNDapAta grahaNa karanevAle bhikSu se devatA prasanna rahate haiN| bauddha bhikSu ke lie uddezya bhojana, nimantraNa, pratipadA bhojana, Agantuka bhojana, kRmika bhojana Adi caudaha prakAra ke bhojana niSiddha haiN| isa dhutAGga ko grahaNa karanevAlA AhAra lolupatA se rahita tathA alpeccha guNa se sampanna hotA hai| sApadAnacArikAMga- yadi yogI binA antara kiye pratyeka ghara se bhikSA grahaNa karatA hai to usake isa zIla ko sApadAnacArikAMga kahate haiN| isa zIla ko dhAraNa karanevAlA samAna anukampA tathA saMtoSa Adi gaNoM se sampanna hotA hai tathA sarvatra saumya evaM anAsakta rahatA hai|174 ekAsanikAMga- yathAyogya eka hI Asana para baiThakara bhojana karanevAle yogI kA zIla ekAsanikAMga kahalAtA hai| isa dhutAGga ke pAlana se sphUrti, bala, arasAsvAdana Adi guNoM kI vyutpatti hotI hai|15 phalata: vaha sukhapUrvaka jIvanayApana karatA hai aura usakI sphUrti banI rahatI hai| pAtrapiNDikAMga- dUsare bartana (pAtra) ko chor3akara jaba yogI eka hI pAtra meM prApta bhojana ko grahaNa karatA hai to usake isa zIla ko pAtrapiNDikAMga kahate haiN|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : z2aina evaM bauddha 61 khalupacchAbhattikAMga- jo sAdhaka atirikta bhojana kA tyAga karatA hai usake isa zIla ko khalupacchAbhattikAMga kahate haiN| isase saMgrahavRtti kA nAza hotA hai| AraNyakAMga- jo gA~va yA zahara ke zayanAsana ko tyAgakara araNya (vana) meM nivAsa karatA hai, usake isa zIla ko AraNyakAMga kahA jAtA hai| isake pAlana se yogI bhayarahita, zAntacitta evaM ekAntasukha sampanna hotA hai / 176 vRkSamUlikAMga- ghara yA mahala ko chor3akara jo yogI vRkSa ke nIce ke sthAna ko zayanAsana banAtA hai, usake isa zIla ko vRkSamUlikAMga kahate haiM / anityatA kA cintana evaM tRSNA kA uccheda isakA phala mAnA gayA hai| abhyavakAzikAMga- jaba sAdhaka ghara, vRkSa Adi ko tyAgakara khule sthAna para rahatA hai, to usakA yaha AcAra abhyavakAzikAMga kahalAtA hai| isa dhutAGga se sAdhaka meM alpeccha evaM saMtoSavRtti meM vRddhi hotI hai / 177 zmazAnikAMga- jo yogI zmazAna meM nivAsa karatA hai use zmazAnika kahA jAtA hai aura usake dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA AcAra zmazAnikAMga kahalAtA hai| yathAsaMstArikAMga - zayanAsana kA tyAgakara jo upalabdha ho usase saMtuSTa honA arthAt yogI ko jo zayanAsana yaha kahakara diyA jAtA hai ki 'yaha tere lie haiM usI meM santoSa karanA yathAsaMstArika kahalAtA hai aura usake AcaraNa ko yathAsaMstArikAMga kahate haiN| isameM hIna-uttama, anurodha - virodha Adi bhAvoM kA vinAza hotA hai, alpeccha guNa vikasita hotA hai| naiSadyakAMga- zayanAsana kA tyAgakara baiThe hue hI apanI sAdhanA karanA naiSadyaka kahalAtA hai aura usake AcAra ko naiSadyakAMga kahate haiN| isako grahaNa karane se zayyAsukha se utpanna cittabandhana kA vinAza hotA hai| 178 isa prakAra dhutAGga ke uparyukta teraha prakAroM ke pAlana se alpecchA, santuSTibhAva, praviveka aura jJAna kA vikAsa hotA hai, jisase pratyayasaMnizrita zIla parizuddha hotA hai| dhutAGga ke ina teraha bhedoM meM se cAra - AraNyakAMga, khalupacchAbhattikAMga, abhyavakAzikAMga, vRkSamUlikAMga kA bhikSuNiyoM ke lie niSedha hai| ata: unake lie ATha dhutAGga hI haiN| samAdhi - citta kI ekAgratA ko samAdhi kahate haiM / samAdhi ke viSaya meM pUrva meM carcA kI jA cukI hai| ataH punaH yahA~ carcA karanA ucita nahIM jAna par3atA hai|

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62 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana prajJA bhagavAn buddha dvArA pratipAdita trividhayoga meM prajJA antima sopAna hai| prajJA kI upalabdhi ke sAtha hI bauddha yoga-sAdhanA pUrNa ho jAtI hai| aTThasAlinI meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA, jagata Adi dharmoM ko anitya Adi prakAroM se jAnanA prajJA hai| 179 dUsare zabdoM meM ajJAna ko naSTa kara vAstavika svarUpa ko dikhA denA hI prajJA kA lakSaNa hai|180 prajJA se avidyA kA nAza hotA hai aura sAre kleza miTa jAte haiN| prajJA ke guNa-dharma ko nirUpita karate hue vijJAnabhikSu ne kahA hai 1. prajJA eka dharmavIthI hai, jisake Aloka meM sArI vyathAe~ dUra hotI haiN| 2. prajJA eka darpaNa hai, jo akele hI tIkSNatA ke sAtha vizuddhamArga dikhAtI hai| 3. prajJA se samAdhAna hotA hai aura saba prakAra ke anubhava prakAzita hote haiN| 4. prajJA asIma hai, jo Apake anubhavoM ko vyApaka banAtI hai| 5. prajJA kI razmiyoM se ApakA sArA mAnasa binA sAbuna ke dhula jAtA hai| 6. prajJA vizokinI hai arthAta zoka dUra karatI hai| 7. prajJA nimohinI hai arthAt moha kA nirasana karatI hai| 8. prajJA sammohinI hai aura usameM samatA meM sthita karA dene kI kSamatA hai| 9. prajJA virAminI hai, jo rAga-dveSa miTA dene kA sAmarthya rakhatI hai| 10. prajJA samabalA hai, jo hAni aura lAbha meM mana ko sama rakhatI hai aura usakA santulana banAe rakhatI hai| 11. prajJA ekAntikA hai jo zUnyatA dikhAkara mana ko sundara banAtI hai| 12. prajJA prabhA hai, jo maitrI, maMgala kI AbhA bikheratI hai| 13. prajJA sumana hai, jisakI surabhi se vyaktitva sugandhita ho uThatA hai| 14. prajJA dharitri hai, jisase jIvana dhIra-gambhIra hokara ucchRGkhalatA se rahita ho jAtA hai| 15. prajJA vAhikA hai, jo aMtarmana ke bhItara vAhana kA kAma karatI hai| 16. prajJA mahAbalA hai, jo antarbodha meM baiThakara samAhita ho jAtI hai|181 abhidhammatthasaMgaho meM kahA gayA hai ki avidyA skandhoM kA jJAna na hone dene ke kAraNa andhakAra kI bhA~ti hotI hai, jabaki prajJA usa avidyArUpI andhakAra kA vinAza

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha kara Alambana ke svabhAva ko spaSTa rUpa meM prakAzita karatI hai|182 ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki prajJA satya ko yathArtha rUpa meM jatAnevAlI viziSTa prakriyA hai| kahIM-kahIM prajJA ko vipazyanA bhI kahA gayA hai| prajJA kA lakSaNa batAte hue kucha sthAnoM para kuzala citta se samprayukta vipazyanA-jJAna ko prajJA kahA gayA hai|183 prajJA ke prakAra .. vikalpoM ke AdhAra para bauddha granthoM meM prajJA ke kaI prakAra kiye gaye haiM, yathAekavidha prajJA, dvividha prajJA, trividha prajJA, caturvidha prajJA, paMcavidha prajJA aadi| ekavidha prajJA vastu dharma ke svabhAva kI taha taka pahu~canA mAtra ekavidha prajJA hotI hai| prajJA kA kArya mohAndhakAra kA vinAza kara nAmarUpa kA jJAna prApta karAnA hai| ataH prajJA kI bhAvanA vikasita karanevAle bhikSuoM ko samAdhi vikasita karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai|184 dvividha prajJA dvividha prajJA meM aneka prakAra ke vikalpoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jinameM se kucha prakAra nimna haiM laukika-lokottara prajJA- kAma, rUpa evaM arUpa bhUmiyoM meM dharmoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnanA laukika prajJA aura inase itara arthAt lokottara mArga se yukta prajJA lokottara prajJA hai| sAsrava-anAsrava prajJA- cittamala ko Asrava kahate haiN| Asrava ke bhI cAra prakAra haiM- kAmAsrava, bhavAsrava, dRSTi Asrava tathA avidyaasrv| indriyajanita sukha ke prati Asakti kAmAstrava, rUpArUpa loka meM utpanna hone kI icchA bhavAsrava, dRSTiyoM ke prati anurAga dRSTi-Asrava aura Aryasatya tathA pratItyasamutpAda kA ajJAna avidyAsrava kahalAtI hai|185 ina AsravoM se yukta prajJA sAstrava kahalAtI hai aura inase rahita prajJA anaasrv| nAma-rUpa kA vinizcayikA prajJA- jaba prajJA vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra evaM vijJAna kA parIkSaNa kara usake viSaya kA nizcaya karatI hai taba nAma-vinizcayikA prajJA kahalAtI hai aura jaba rUpa kA nizcaya karatI hai taba vaha rUpa-vinizcayikA prajJA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai|186

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64 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana trividha prajJA trividha prajJA meM bhI cAra vikalpoM kA ullekha milatA hai-cintA-zruta-bhAvanA, paritta-mahadgata-apramANa,Aya-apAya-upAyakauzalya, adhyAtma-bAhya-adhyAtmabAhya aadi| isa prakAra bAraha prakAra kI prajJA ho jAtI hai| cintAmayI prajJA- svataMtra hokara mana se manana evaM citta se cintana karanA arthAt binA kisI dUsare se sune apane se vicAra karate hue rUpa, vedanA Adi anitya, duHkha evaM anAtma svarUpa hai-~-isa prakAra kA cintana karanA cintAmayI prajJA kahalAtI hai| zrutamayI prajJA- dharmazAstra Adi jJAna se paidA huI yA dUsare vyakti se sunakara prApta kI gayI prajJA zrutamayI prajJA hai| bhAvanAmayI prajJA- antarmana kI cetanA kI asIma bhAvanAoM meM paiThane para bhAvanAmayI prajJA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| vibhaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki sanakara athavA binA sune arpaNA samAdhi ko prApta vyakti kI prajJA bhAvanAmayI prajJA kahalAtI hai|187 paritta prajJA- kAmAvacara bhUmi ke dharmoM ko lekara utpanna prajJA paritta prajJA kahalAtI hai| mahadgata prajJA- rUpAvacara bhUmi aura arUpAvacara bhUmiyoM ke dharmoM ko lekara utpanna prajJA ko mahadgagata prajJA kahate haiN| apramANa prajJA- nirvANa ko lekara utpanna prajJA apramANa-prajJA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai|188 Ayakauzalya prajJA- akuzala dharmoM kI anutpatti evaM prahANa tathA kuzala dharmoM kI utpatti evaM sthiti se utpanna prajJA meM nipuNatA ko Ayakauzalya prajJA kahate haiN| apAyakauzalya prajJA- Aya se rahita prajJA apAyakauzalya prajJA kahalAtI hai| upAyakauzalya prajJA- prANiyoM ke hita evaM sukhakAraka dharmoM ko karate samaya yadi koI bhaya A jAye to use usI kSaNa dUra karane ke lie kiyA gayA upAya upAyakauzalya prajJA hai|189 adhyAtma prajJA- apane skandhoM ko lekara prArambha kI gayI prajJA adhyAtma abhinivezavAlI prajJA kahI jAtI hai| .

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha bAhya prajJA - dUsare ke skandhoM athavA bAhya vRkSa, parvata Adi ko lekara prArambha kI gayI prajJA bAhya abhinivezavAlI prajJA hai| adhyAtma- bAhya prajJA - dUsaroM ke skandhoM ko lekara tathA bAhya vRkSa,parvata Adi rUpoM ko lekara prArambha kI gayI prajJA adhyAtma bAhya abhinivezavAlI prajJA kahalAtI hai|190 ___ isa prakAra bauddhadharma meM sAdhanAparaka tIna zikSAyeM dI gayI haiM jo Arya aSTAMgika mArga ke hI rUpa haiN| yahI yoga-sAdhanA kA mArga hai| zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA bauddha yogasAdhanA ke tIna sopAna haiM jinameM zIla ko srotApana tathA sakRdAgAmI hone kA sAdhana kahA gayA hai| samAdhi ko anAgAmI aura prajJA ko arhat hone kA sAdhana batalAyA gayA hai| kintu sampUrNa du:kha ke nirodha ke lie yogI ko zIlasampanna hokara samAdhi dvArA citta ko ekAgra karake prajJA se sAMsArika vastuoM kA anitya, duHkha evaM anAtma rUpa jJAna prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| visuddhimaggo meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ko kalyANamaya kahA gayA hai| cU~ki zIlasampanna vyakti kabhI bhI apane kiye hue kArya kA smaraNa karake cintita nahIM hotA, samAdhi se Rddhi-vidya Adi guNoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai tathA prajJA se vyakti meM samatAbhAva kI prApti hotI hai, isalie ye tInoM kalyANamaya hai| zamatha-bhAvanA zamatha evaM vipazyanA donoM hI samAdhi ke prakAra mAne jAte haiM, kyoMki zamatha ko laukika samAdhi kahA gayA hai aura vipazyanA ko lokottara smaadhi|191 zamatha kA artha hotA hai-pA~ca nIvaraNoM kA zamana karanA yA upazama krnaa| zIla meM pratiSThita hokara citta kI ekAgratA ke lie jisa yoga-sAdhanA ko apanAyA jAtA hai use zamatha bhAvanA kahate haiN| isa bhAvanA se jaba citta ke kAmacchanda, vyApAda, styAna, middha-auddhatya-kaukRtya aura vicikitsA Adi pA~ca nIvaraNa zAnta ho jAte haiM aura citta ekAgra ho jAtA hai tathA yogI meM prathama dhyAna ke aMgoM (vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha evaM ekAgratA) kA utpAda hotA hai, tatpazcAt vaha dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha dhyAnoM ko prApta karatA hai| cAroM dhyAnoM kA Alambana rUpa hotA hai, ataH inheM rUpa dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| rUpa dhyAna meM doSoM ko dekhakara sAdhaka arUpa dhyAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai| zamatha-bhAvanA ko karanevAlA sAdhaka vibhinna karmasthAnoM meM se kisI eka karmasthAna ko Alambana banAkara citta kI ekAgratA prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| aise to karmasthAna bahuta haiM para yahA~ karmasthAna se abhiprAya hai- yoga se sambandhita krm| ata: yoga-bhAvanA kI ora pravRtti ke kAraNa ko karmasthAna kahA gayA hai| zamatha karmasthAnoM kI saMkhyA-40(cAlIsa) hai, yathA-dasa

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66 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kasiNa, dasa azubha, dasa anusmRtiyA~, cAra brahmavicAra, cAra ArUpya, eka AhAra meM pratikUla saMjJA tathA caturdhAtu vyvsthaan|192 dasa kasiNa ___kasiNa kA artha hotA hai-sakala, smpuurnn| isake dasa prakAra nimna haiMpRthvIkasiNa, ApokasiNa, tejokasiNa, vAyukasiNa, nIlakasiNa, pItakasiNa, lohitakasiNa, avadAtakasiNa, AlokakasiNa tathA paricchinnAkAza ksinn| majjhimanikAya aura dIghanikAya meM Aloka aura paricchinnAkAza ke sthAna para AkAza aura vijJAna parigaNita hai| 193 pRthvIkasiNa- isa kasiNa kI bhAvanA ke lie yogI ko cAra aMgula ke phailAva vAle aruNa raMga kI miTTI ke gole kA dhyAna karanA par3atA hai| 194 ApokasiNa- isa kasiNa meM nIlA, pIlA, lAla, yA avadAta varNa ke jala ko grahaNa na karake zuddha jala ko karmasthAna ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai|195 tejokasiNa- isa kasiNa meM sakhI lakar3I meM Aga jalAkara camar3e, kapar3e yA caTAI meM cAra aMgula kA cheda karake usameM se agni ko dekhate hue dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai|196 vAyukasiNa- vAyukasiNa meM dRSTi dvArA hilate hue per3a ke patte athavA sparza dvArA vAyu dhyAna karane kA vidhAna hai|190 nIla-pIta Adi kasiNa-isameM zeSa nIla, pIta Adi kasiNoM meM usI raMga ke puSpa, vastra Adi meM citta ko sthira karane kA vidhAna hai|198 dasa azubha azubha se abhiprAya kutsita athavA mRta zarIra se hai| azubha karmasthAna prAyaH zmazAna meM hI milate haiN| mRtyoparAnta zava ke AkAra meM aneka prakAra ke vikAra utpanna hote haiM, una vikAroM se zava kI avasthAyeM badalatI rahatI haiN| zava kI badalatI haI una vibhinna avasthAoM kI apekSA se hI dasa azubha karmasthAnoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dasa azubha karmasthAna nimnalikhita hai 1. addhamAtaka- phUlA huA zava / 2. vinIlaka- zveta, rakta Adi vargoM se mizrita lAla varNavAlA mRta shriir| 3. vipUyaka- pIba bahatA huA shriir|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 67 4. vicchidraka- kaTane se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta shv| 5. vikhAdika- kutte, zRgAla Adi dvArA khAyA gayA mRta shriir| 6. vikSiptaka- idhara-udhara pheMke gaye vibhinna AkAravAle mRta shriir| 7. hatavikSiptaka- aMga-pratyaMgoM ko zastra Adi se kATakara pheMkA gayA shriir| 8. lohitaka- bahate hue rakta se sanA huA mRta shriir| 9. puluvaka- kRmiyoM se paripUrNa mRta shriir| 10. asthika- asthimAtra meM avaziSTa shv| dasa anusmRtiyAM anurUpa smRti ko anusmRti kahA gayA hai| dasa anusmRtiyA~ nimna prakAra haiN| buddhAnusmRti- bhagavAn buddha ke arhatva Adi guNoM kA bAra-bAra smaraNa karanA buddhAnusmRti hai| dharmAnusmRti- dharma ke viSaya meM bAra-bAra cintana karanA ki bhagavAn buddha kA dharma acchI taraha se kahA gayA hai, tatkAla phala denevAlA hai, kAlAntara meM phala kI pratIkSA nahIM karanI par3atI, usake viSaya meM dUsaroM ko batAyA jA sakatA hai tathA vijJa puruSoM dvArA apane Apa jAnane yogya hai|200 saMghAnusmRti- srotApatti Adi cAra mArgastha evaM cAra phalastha pudgaloM ko saMgha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ye zrAvaka saMgha zreSTha evaM uttama hote haiN| logoM ko isa zrAvakasaMgha kI pUjA se puNya lAbha hotA hai| isa saMgha ke supratipanna guNoM kA punaH punaH smaraNa karanA saMghAnusmRti hai|09 zIlAnusmRti- apane zIla kI akhaNDatA, akSatatA, nirdoSatA, nirmalatA Adi guNoM tathA usa zIla ko AdhAra karake mArga evaM phalaparyanta samAdhi kI prApti kA punaH punaH smaraNa karanA zIlAnusmRti hai|20 2 tyAgAnusmRti- dUsaro ko prasannatA denevAle usa dAna ke guNoM kA prItipUrvaka puna:-puna: smaraNa karanA tyAgAnusmRti hai| devatAnusmRti- vibhinna devatAoM ke zraddhA, zIla Adi guNoM ke astitva kA anusmaraNa karanA devatAnusmRti hai|203

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana upazamAnusmRti - nirvANa ke zAnta-sukha-svabhAva kA bAra-bAra smaraNa karane ko upazamAnusmRti kahate haiN| 68 maraNAnusmRti - maraNa evaM jIvitendriya ke vinAza kI vAstavikatA ko bAra-bAra smaraNa kara dRr3ha karanA maraNAnusmRti hai / 204 kAyagatAnusmRti - cAra mahAbhUtoM se bane isa azuddha zarIra ke viSaya meM bAra-bAra vicAra karate hue virakti ke bhAva kA anusmaraNa kAyagatAnusmRti hai| AnApAnasmRti- AzvAsa evaM prazvAsa meM Alambanavaza pravRtta smRti AnApAnasmRti kahalAtI hai| Ana kA artha hotA hai 'sA~sa lenA' aura 'apAna' kA artha hotA hai 'sA~sa chor3anA ' / ataH smRtipUrvaka AzvAsa-prazvAsa kI kriyA AnApAnasmRti kahalAtI hai| isa prakriyA ko hI anya paramparAoM meM prANAyAma ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / bauddha paramparA meM 16 (solaha) prakAra se isa AzvAsa-prazvAsa kI kriyA ko karane kA vidhAna hai, 205 jo AcArya narendradeva ke zabdoM meM nimnarUpeNa hai 1. sAdhaka yadi dIrgha zvAsa chor3atA hai to vaha jAnatA hai ki maiM dIrgha zvAsa chor3a rahA hU~, yadi vaha dIrgha zvAsa letA hai to vaha jAnatA hai ki maiM dIrgha zvAsa le rahA hU~ / 2. yadi sAdhaka hrasva zvAsa chor3atA hai yA hrasva zvAsa letA hai to use yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki maiM hrasva zvAsa chor3a yA hrasva zvAsa le rahA huuN| 3. isa prakriyA meM sAdhaka AzvAsa-kAya ke Adi, madhya aura avasAna ina saba bhAgoM kA avarodha kara zvAsa parityAga karane kA abhyAsa karatA hai| 4. isameM sAdhaka sthUla-kAya - saMskAra kA upazamana karate hue zvAsa chor3ane aura zvAsa grahaNa karane kA abhyAsa karatA hai| 5. isameM sAdhaka prIti kA anubhava karate hue zvAsa kA parityAga aura grahaNa karanA sIkhatA hai| 6. isa prakriyA meM sAdhaka sukha kA anubhava karate hue zvAsa chor3anA aura zvAsa lenA sIkhatA hai| 7. isameM sAdhaka cAroM dhyAna dvArA citta-saMskAra kA anubhava karate hue zvAsa chor3atA aura zvAsa grahaNa karatA hai|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 8. isake antargata sAdhaka sthUla - citta - saMskAra kA nirodha karate hue zvAsa chor3atA aura grahaNa karatA hai| 9. isa prakriyA meM sAdhaka cAroM dhyAna dvArA citta kA anubhava karate hue zvAsa lenA aura chor3anA sIkhatA hai| 69 10. samAdhi aura vipazyanA dvArA citta pramudita hotA hai, ataH citta ko pramudita karate hue zvAsa chor3anA yA lenA sIkhatA hai| 11. isa prakaraNa meM sAdhaka prathama dhyAnAdi dvArA citta ko Alambana meM samarUpa se avasthita karate hue zvAsa chor3anA aura lenA sIkhatA hai| 12. isa prakaraNa ke antargata prathama dhyAna dvArA vighnoM (nIvaraNa) se citta ko mukta kara, dvitIya dhyAna dvArA vitarka-vicAra se muktakara, tRtIya dhyAna dvArA prIti se muktakara, caturtha dhyAna dvArA sukha-duHkha se citta ko vimuktakara sAdhaka zvAsa chor3ane aura zvAsa lene kA abhyAsa karatA hai / 13. isameM sAdhaka anitya jJAna ke sAtha zvAsa chor3anA aura zvAsa lenA sIkhatA hai| 14. isameM sAdhaka virAga- jJAna ke sAtha zvAsa chor3anA aura zvAsa lenA sIkhatA hai| 15. isameM sAdhaka nirodhAnupazyanA se samanvAgata ho zvAsa chor3anA aura zvAsa lenA sIkhatA hai| 16. isa antima prakaraNa meM sAdhaka pratinisargAnupazyanA se samanvAgata ho zvAsa chor3anA - lenA sIkhatA hai| uparyukta 16 prakAroM meM cAra-cAra prakAroM kA eka varga hai jisameM antima varga upAsanA kI rIti se upadiSTa huA hai, zeSa tIna varga zamatha aura vipazyanA donoM rItiyoM se upadiSTa huA hai| 206 cAra brahmavicAra / vihAra satpuruSoM kA uttama vihAra brahma vihAra kahalAtA hai / cittazuddhi kA yaha vyAvahArika siddhAnta hai| isake cAra prakAra haiM- maitrI, karuNA, muditA aura upekSA / maitrI - duHkhI satvoM ke prati sneha karanevAle dharma ko maitrI kahate haiN| karuNAdUsaroM ke duHkhoM kA apanayana karane ko karuNA kahate haiM / muditA - sukhI sattvoM ko dekhakara -

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70 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana mudita honA muditA hai| upekSA--kisI Alambana ke prati na rAga aura na dveSa ho, mAtra upekSA karanevAle dharma ko upekSA kahate haiN| ina cAra brahmavicAroM kI bhAvanA se citta ke rAga-dveSa, IrSyA Adi maloM kA nAza hotA hai tathA pramANa rahita (asaMkhya) jIvoM ke prati prema kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai / anya karmasthAna Atmahita ke sAdhana haiM jabaki ye cAra brahmavicAra para-hita ke bhI sAdhana haiN| kintu aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ye brahma vihAra parahita ke hI sAdhana haiM, kyoMki isameM parahita ke sAtha-sAtha Atmahita bhI nihita hai| cAra ArUpya jaba sAdhaka cAra rUpa dhyAna ke pazcAt cAra arUpa dhyAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai to vaha cAra ArUpya karmasthAnoM ko apanI sAdhanA kA Alambana banAtA hai| cAra ArUpya nimnalikhita haiM-207 (1) AkAzAnantyAyatana- jaba yogI vizvAkAra rUpAkRti ko dUra kara usake sthAna para vizva meM kevala eka AkAza hai, AkAza ananta hai- isa prakAra ke arUpa Alambana ko grahaNa karake AkAza kI anantatA ke viSaya meM dhyAna karatA hai, to usakA vaha dhyAna AkAzAnantyAyatana kahalAtA hai| caturtha dhyAna taka rUpa Alambana rahatA hai tathA pA~caveM dhyAna se arUpa Alambana kA viSaya banatA hai| (2) vijJAnAnantyAyatana- AkAza kI jagaha para jaba yogI vijJAna kI anantatA kA dhyAna karatA hai, to usakA yaha Alambana vijJAnAnantyAyatana kahalAtA hai| (3) AkiJcanyAyatana- vijJAna kI anantatA se haTakara abhAva kI anantatA para dhyAna karatA hai to use yaha jJAta hotA hai ki saMsAra meM kucha bhI nahIM hai, saba kucha zAnta hai / isa prakAra ke dhyAna kA Alambana karanA AkizcanyAyatana kahalAtA hai| (4) navasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana- abhAva kI saMjJA kA tyAga karane kI sthiti naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana kahalAtA hai| isa Ayatana meM saMjJA kA atisUkSma aMza vidyamAna rahatA hai kintu saMjJA kA kArya ho itanA sthUla bhI vaha nahIM rahatA, isalie isa Ayatana ko naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana kahA jAtA hai| AhAra meM pratikUla saMjJA AhAra meM jugupsAbuddhi ke utpAda ke lie bhAvanA karanA AhAra meM pratikUla saMjJA

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha kahalAtI hai / 28 AhAra cAra prakAra ke hote haiM- kavalIhAra, sparzAhAra, manosaMcetanAhAra tathA vijnyaanaahaar| inameM kavalIhAra karmasthAna siddha hone para sAdhaka kI rasa sambandhI tRSNA naSTa ho jAtI hai| phalataH vaha rasAsvAdana kI dRSTi se apane zarIra ke lie AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| jisase usameM kAma aura rAga kA nAza hotA hai tathA kAyagatA smRti utpanna hotI hai| 209 caturdhAtu vyavasthA skandha meM pudgala, satva, aham Adi saMjJAyeM naSTa kara 'yaha zarIra cAra mahAbhUtoM kA samudAya hai' isa prakAra kA nizcaya tathA nirdhAraNa karanevAlA jJAna caturdhAtu vyavasthApana karmasthAna hai| 210 isa prakAra yoga se sambandhita cAlIsa karmasthAna batAye gaye haiM, kintu uparyukta cAlIsa karmasthAnoM kA sambandha mukhya rUpa se do hI samAdhi se hai- upacAra aura arpaNA smaadhi| cAlIsa meM se dasa - buddhAnusmRti, dharmAnusmRti, saMghAnusmRti, zIlAnusmRti, tyAgAnusmRti, devatAnusmRti, maraNAnusmRti, upazamAnusmRti, AhAra ke pratikUlasaMjJA tathA caturdhAtu vyavasthA kA sambandha upacAra samAdhi se hai, kyoMki ina avasthAoM meM sAdhaka kA citta asthira rahatA hai| vaha kabhI nimitta ko Alambana banAtA hai to kabhI bhavAMga meM avatIrNa ho jAtA hai| zeSa tIsa karmasthAnoM kA sambandha arpaNA samAdhi se hai| vighna parihAra - 71 parizuddhazIla meM acchI taraha se pratiSThita hokara sarvaprathama sAdhaka ko vighnoM kA nivAraNa karanA caahie| visuddhimaggo meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki karmasthAna denevAle kalyANa mitra ke pAsa jAkara apanI caryA ke anusAra uparyukta cAlIsa karmasthAnoM meM se kisI eka karmasthAna ko grahaNa kara yogya vihAra meM rahate hue choTe-choTe vighnoM ko dUra karake sampUrNa vidhAna kA pAlana karate hue samAdhi kI bhAvanA karanI cAhie / 211 dasa vighna nimna haiMAvAsa, kula, lAbha, gaNa, karma, mArga, jJAti, AbAdha, graMtha evaM Rddhi / 212 AvAsa- kisI kAraNa se AvAsa se lagAva kA honA bhikSu ke lie vighnakAraka hotA hai| kula - bhikSu kA apane kula ko chor3akara anya kisI bhI kula se lagAva kA honA yA sambandha rakhanA vighnakAraka hai| lAbha- cIvara, piNDapAta, zayanAsana, glAnapratyayabhaiSajya Adi ke prati lAbha kA lobha karanA sAdhaka ke lie vighnakAraka hotA hai| gaNa- gaNa meM rahanA bhikSu ke lie lAbhaprada nahIM hai, kyoMki gaNa meM rahane ke kAraNa loga kucha na kucha pUchane ke lie Ate rahate haiM jisase samAdhi kI bhAvanA usake lie kaThina ho jAtI hai|

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72 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana gaNa se yahA~ abhiprAya samUha se hai| karma- karmasthAna grahaNa karane ke lie bhikSu ko kAryapUrNa karake jAnA cAhie, yadi kArya adhika mAtrA meM zeSa raha gayA ho to saMghahAraka bhikSuoM ko sauMpa denA caahie| yadi aisA bhI nahIM ho pAyA to saMgha chor3akara cala denA caahie|213 mArga- kahIM kucha pAne kI icchA yA kisI kI pravrajyA meM zAmila hone kI icchA samAdhi meM vighna upasthita krtiihai| ata: bhikSu ko sarvaprathama gantavya sthala para jAkara icchA ko pUrNa karanA caahie| jJAti- AcArya, upAdhyAya, mAtA-pitA Adi ko jJAti kahate haiN| inake rahane ke kAraNa samAdhi meM vighna upasthita hotA hai| AbAdha, grantha evaM Rddhi-ina sabake kAraNa bhI antarAya upasthita hotA hai| uparyukta vighnoM kA nivAraNa karane ke pazcAt hI samAdhi-sAdhanA meM praveza karanA caahie| yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki Rddhi se vipazyanA bhAvanA meM antarAya AtI hai, samAdhi meM nhiiN| samAdhi meM uparyukta nau vighna hI upasthita hote haiN| ata: sAdhaka ko ina kA nivAraNa karanA caahie| kalyANa-mitra kI sevA vighnoM kA uccheda kara paribodhoM se dUra rahakara karmasthAna kI prApti ke lie kalyANa-mitra ke pAsa jAkara usakI paryeSaNA karanI caahie| kalyANa-mitra ke samIpa apanI caryA ke anukUla kisI karmasthAna ko grahaNa kara use nimitta banAkara pUrva niyamAvalI se samAdhi bhAvanA kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| karmasthAna ke dAyaka ko kalyANa-mitra kahA gayA hai| kalyANa-mitra ke lakSaNa ko batAte hue aMguttaranikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha ekAntapriya, hitaiSI, gambhIra kathA kahanevAlA tathA aneka guNoM se yukta hotA hai|214 bhagavAn buddha ne svayaM apane-Apako kalyANa-mitra mAnA hai|215 aise hI kalyANa-mitra ke pAsa jAkara karmasthAna grahaNa karanA caahie| yadi AcArya bar3e hoM to unakI vandanA karanI cAhie aura yadi choTe hoM to unheM pAtra-cIvara grahaNa nahIM karane denA caahie| unakI bhI sevA usI prakAra karanI cAhie jaise antevAsI apane AcArya kI sevA karatA hai| sevA se prasanna hokara AcArya jaba Ane kA kAraNa pUche, tabhI Ane kA prayojana batAnA caahie| yadi na pUche to avasara dekhakara svayaM kaha denA caahie| isa taraha prasanna hokara AcArya bhikSu kI caryA ko ThIka se samajhakara usake anusAra ucita karmasthAna kI gambhIra zikSA dete haiN| sAdhanA meM caryAbheda kA atyadhika mahattva hai| caryA kA abhiprAya hai prakRti, arthAt kisa vyakti kI kaisI prakRti hai? caryA (prakRti) kI apekSA se vyakti ke chaH prakAra216 batAye gaye haiM

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha (1) rAgacarita- rAga caryAvAlA vyakti svAbhAvika rUpa se gamana karatA hai| (2) dveSacarita - isa prakRti kA vyakti calate samaya jamIna ko khodate hue calatA hai| (3) mohacarita - isa prakRti ke vyakti kI gati vyAkula hotI hai| vaha Darapoka vyakti kI bhA~ti paira uThAtA aura rakhatA hai| 73 (4) zraddhAcarita - zraddhAcarita kI cAla DhAla rAgacarita kI bhA~ti hI hotI hai| (5) buddhicarita - isa prakRti ke vyakti kI cAla-DhAla dveSacarita kI taraha hotI hai| (6) vitarkacarita - isa prakRti ke vyakti kI cAla-DhAla mohacarita kI bhA~ti hotI hai| inake atirikta kucha vidvAn tRSNA, mAna aura dRSTi ko bhI caryA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / uparyukta chaH prakAra kI caryAoM meM mukhyataH tIna hI haiM-- rAga, dveSa aura moha | kyoMki rAga ke samAna zraddhAcarita hai, dveSa ke samAna buddhicarita hai tathA moha ke samAna vitarkacarita hai| inameM se rAga, dveSa, moha aura vitarka ye cAra carita akuzala carita haiM inakA prahANa karane ke lie inake viparIta karmasthAnoM kI bhAvanA karanI caahie| zeSa do arthAt zraddhA aura buddhi kuzala carita haiN| ataH ina caritoM ke lie ve karmasthAna anukUla hote haiM jo zraddhA aura buddhi meM abhivRddhi kreN| ina saba caryAoM ke dvArA AcArya dUsare ke citta ko jAnane kA prayatna karate haiN| jo inameM kuzala nahIM hote unase ve vibhinna prazna pUchakara unake cAla-DhAla ko jAnane kA prayatna karate haiN| phira unakI caryA ke anurUpa unako karmasthAna kA upadeza dete haiN| vipazyanA - bhAvanA nirvANa kI prApti hetu zamatha kI bhAvanA ke pazcAt vipazyanA kI bhAvanA Avazyaka hai| vipazyanA ke binA yogI na to arhat pada ko prApta kara sakatA hai aura na hI saMsAra ke baMdhana se mukti pA sakatA hai / parantu yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita jAna par3atA hai ki pAli-tripiTaka meM kahIM-kahIM zamatha bhAvanA evaM vipazyanA bhAvanA kA eka sAtha hone kA ullekha milatA hai, to kucha sthAnoM para vipazyanA kA zamathapUrvaka aura kahIM-kahIM vipazyanApUrvaka zamatha hone kA ullekha milatA hai / 217 isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki zamatha aura vipazyanA eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM, arthAt jahA~ zamatha bhAvanA hai vahA~ vipazyanA bhAvanA aura jahA~ vipazyanA bhAvanA hai vahA~ zamatha bhAvanA hai| zamatha aura

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74 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana vipazyanA meM samAnatA bhagavAn buddha ke isa kathana se spaSTa hotA hai ki "tU do ke Age dharmoM (zamatha aura vipazyanA) kI bhAvanA kr| ye donoM tere lie aneka dhAtuoM kI taha taka pahu~cane meM sahAyaka hoNge|"218 kintu kabhI-kabhI anitya, du:kha evaM anAtma svabhAva ko jAnane se vipazyanA hotI hai aura tatpazcAt citta kI ekAgratA hone se zamatha / parantu vyavahAra meM laukika puruSa yoga-sAdhanA karate samaya pahale zamatha kI bhAvanA karatA hai tatpazcAt vipazyanA kI bhAvanA karatA hai| kintu kabhI aisI sthiti A jAtI hai ki vyakti zamatha kI sAdhanA kiye binA hI vipazyanA dvArA arhatpada kI prApti kara letA hai| zamatha ko AdhAra banAkara sAdhanA karanevAlA yogI 'zamathayAnika' tathA vipazyanA kI bhAvanA karanevAlA 'vipazyanAyAnika' kahalAtA hai|219 zamatha ko laukika samAdhi kahA gayA hai aura vipazyanA ko lokottara, kyoMki vipazyanA kA Alambana laukika karmasthAna nahIM hotaa| vipazyanA prajJA kA mArga hai| vipazyanA kA sAmAnya artha hotA hai- vizeSa rUpa se dekhnaa| vipazyanA kI bhAvanA meM sAdhaka kSaNa-kSaNa meM utpanna evaM naSTa honevAle nAma-rUpa dharmoM ke anitya svabhAva ko jAnatA hai| phalata: use yaha jJAna ho jAtA hai ki jo anitya hai vaha duHkharUpa hai, anAtma hai| isa taraha sAdhaka jaba nAma-rUpa dharmoM ke anitya, duHkha aura anAtma svarUpa ko vizeSa rUpa meM dekhane lagatA hai taba usakA jJAna vipazyanA kahalAtA hai|220 jaisA ki bauddha darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA kA astitva mAnanA hI sabhI anarthoM kI jar3a hai| AtmA ke kAraNa hI manuSya bandhanoM meM phaMsatA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai- jo yaha merI AtmA anubhava karanevAlI hai, anubhava kA viSaya hai aura jahA~-tahA~ apane bure karmoM ke viSayoM kA anubhava karatI hai, yaha merI AtmA nitya, dhruva, zAzvata tathA aparivartanazIla hai, ananta varSoM taka vaisI hI rahegI! he bhikSuoM, yaha bhAvanA bilkula bAla dharma hai|221 ata: jo sAdhaka zarIra meM AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai usakI dRSTi kabhI bhI vizuddha nahIM ho sakatI hai| zarIra nAma- rUpAtmaka hai (rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijnyaan)| isalie nAma aura rUpa vikAra ko prApta hone ke kAraNa anitya hai| anitya ke kAraNa du:kha hai| ata: anitya evaM duHkha meM 'yaha merA hai, yaha maiM hU~' aisA bhAva kiyA jAtA hai| jaba sAdhaka isI nAma aura rUpa ko spaSTa rUpa se dekhane meM samartha ho jAtA hai taba usake andara se AtmA ke astitva kI mAnyatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha pUrNa vipazyanA bhAvanA ko prApta kara letA hai| vipazyanA bhAvanA ke antargata sAta prakAra kI vizuddhiyA~ karanI par3atI haiM jo nimna prakAra hai- (1) zIlavizuddhi, (2)

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 75 cittavizuddhi, (3) dRSTi- vizuddhi, (4) kAMkSAvitaraNavizuddhi, (5) mArgAmArgajJAnadarzanavizuddhi, (6) pratipadA-jJAnadarzanavizuddhi, (7) jnyaandrshnvishuddhi| ___zIlavizuddhi- zIla vizuddhi ke antargata prAtimokSasaMvarazIla, indriyasaMvarazIla, AjIvapArizuddhizIla tathA pratyayasaMnizritazIla Ate haiM, jinakI carcA isa adhyAya meM pUrva meM kI jA cukI hai| cittavizuddhi-isake antargata kAmacchanda Adi pA~ca nIvaraNoM kA zamana kiyA jAtA hai| jisakI carcA pUrva meM kI jA cukI hai| dRSTivizuddhi- rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra tathA vijJAna ke atirikta mAnava zarIra meM AtmA nAma kI koI sattA nahIM hai| AtmA sambandhI yahI mAnyatA samApta ho jAne se yogI kI dRSTivizuddha ho jAtI hai| kAMkSAvitaraNavizuddhi- kyA maiM atIta bhava meM thA? kyA maiM atIta bhava meM nahIM thA? atIta meM maiM kauna aura kisa prakAra kA thA? pUrva ke tRtIya bhava meM kisa jAti kA hokara dvitIya bhava meM kisa jAti kA thA?222 ityAdi zaMkAoM kA atikramaNa karanevAlA jJAna jo sabhI maloM se vizuddha ho, 'kAMkSAvitaraNavizuddhi' hai|' mArgAmArgajJAnadarzanavizuddhi- mArga tathA amArga ko jAnane aura dekhane meM sAdhaka sakSama ho jAtA hai taba usake citta meM prakAza jyoti kI anubhUti hotI hai, phalataH, sAdhaka avabhAsa, prIti Adi amArga kI ora agrasara nahIM hotA aura vipazyanA kI vizuddhi banI rahatI hai| isIlie ise mArgAmArgajJAnadarzanavizuddhi ke nAma se jAtA hai|223 __ pratipadAjJAnadarzanavizuddhi- mArga prApti ke kAraNabhUta pratipadA (mArga evaM phala) ke jJAna aura darzana meM vizuddhi ko pratipadAjJAnadarzanavizuddhi kahate haiN| isake ATha prakAra haiM (1) udayavyaya-jJAna- jaba sAdhaka mArgAmArgajJAnadarzanavizuddhi ke bAda avabhAsa, prIti Adi kI ora vizeSa dhyAna na dekara nirantara udayavyaya jJAna kI bhAvanA karatA hai, phalataH upaklezaka dharmoM kA nAza hotA hai tathA anitya duHkha tathA anAtma ina tIna lakSaNoM kA spaSTa jJAna hotA hai| yahI udayavyaya jJAna kahalAtA hai| (2) bhaMga-jJAna- jaba sAdhaka nAma rUpa dharmoM kA udaya-vyaya dekhane lagatA hai taba zIghratA se honevAle udayavyaya meM se vaha udaya ko chor3akara bhaMga kA Alambana karane lagatA hai| (3) bhaya-jJAnabhaMga kA samyak-zAna ho jAne ke bAda ye nAma-rUpa dharma atyanta bhayAvaha haiM isa prakAra kA sAdhaka ko jJAna honA bhayajJAna kahalAtA hai| (4) AdInava-jJAna- zarIra ko

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kSaNabhaMgura, sArahIna tathA ghRNita samajhanA AdInava- jJAna kahalAtA hai / (5) nirveda -jJAnanAma-rUpa ke prati aruci nirvedajJAna kahalAtA hai| (6) muJcitukamyatA - jJAna - mukti kI icchA kA utpanna honA hI muJcitakamyatAjJAna hai / (7) pratisaMkhyAna - jJAna - anitya, duHkha tathA anAtma lakSaNoM kI bAra-bAra vipazyanA karanA pratisaMkhyAna jJAna kahalAtA hai / (8) saMskAropekSAjJAna- jaba sAdhaka nAma rUpa dharmoM ke trilakSaNa (anitya, duHkha aura anAtma) ko bhalI-bhA~ti jAna letA hai taba vaha na to dharmoM se anurAga karatA hai aura na hI unheM bhayAnaka samajhatA hai| ataH maiM nahIM, merA nahIM, para nahIM Adi bhAva ke sAtha saMskAroM ko dekhanA saMskAropekSAjJAna hai| 76 uparokta AThoM jJAna ke pazcAt sAdhaka ko mArgajJAna evaM phalajJAna rUpI prApta honevAle bodhipakSIyajJAna ko anuloma jJAna kahate haiN| ise vyutthagAminI (mArga) vipazyanA bhI kahate haiN| jJAnadarzanavizuddhi strotApattimArga, sakRdAgAmImArga, anAgAmImArga evaM arhatmArga - ina cAra mArgoM kA jJAna jJAnadarzanavizuddhi kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra vipazyanA kI bhAvanA meM sAdhaka ko kisI bAhyADambara kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, balki use apane paMcaskandha svarUpa ke viSaya meM hI sUkSma cintana karanA hotA hai| uparyukta zIlavizuddhi se lekara jJAnadarzanavizuddhi taka jo carcA kI gayI hai usameM zIlavizuddhi tathA cittavizuddhi hI vipazyanA - bhAvanA kI mUla hai, zeSa sabhI zuddhiyA~ to usa bhAvanA ke zarIra haiN| tulanA jaina evaM bauddha yoga sambandhI avadhAraNAoM kA tulanAtmaka svarUpa isa prakAra prastuta kara sakate haiM --- (1) donoM hI paramparAe~ trividhi sAdhanA patha ko samaveta rUpa meM grahaNa karatI haiN| jaina sammata samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra tInoM eka-dUsare se alaga hokara nahIM varan samaveta rUpa meM hI mokSa kI prApti karA sakate haiN| isI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA athavA prajJA, zraddhA aura vIrya ko samaveta rUpa meM hI nirvANa prApti kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| (2) jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM samyagdarzana kA artha tattvazraddhA hai, usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM samyagdRSTi kA artha cAra Arya satyoM ke prati zraddhA hai|

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha (3) jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM samyagdarzana kA abhiprAya deva, guru prati niSThA mAnA gayA hai, ThIka usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI zraddhA kA aura dharma ke prati niSThA kiyA gayA hai| 77 (4) sAdhanA-mArga ke rUpa meM donoM hI paramparAyeM dharma ke prati niSThA ko Avazyaka mAnatI haiN| aura dharma ke artha buddha, saMgha (5) jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM arahaMta ko deva ke rUpa meM sAdhanA kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM buddha yA buddhatva ko sAdhanA kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| (6) jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM zaMkA, kAMkSA, vicikitsA Adi doSa samyagdarzana ke mAne gaye haiM, usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI kAmacchanda, vyApAda, styAnamiddha, auddhatya - kaukRtya aura vicikitsA Adi pA~ca nIvaraNa rUpI doSa mAne gaye haiM, jinameM jaina paramparA kA kAMkSA nAmaka doSa, bauddha paramparA ke kAmacchanda nAmaka doSa ke samAna hai| aise hI vicikitsA donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya hai| (7) donoM hI paramparAyeM bhedAbhyAsa dvArA anAtma ke svarUpa ko jAnakara usameM Atmabuddhi kA tyAga karanA hI samyagjJAna kI sAdhanA hai - aisA mAnatI haiN| (8) yadi hama jaina paramparA ke samyak cAritra aura bauddha paramparA ke zIla para vicAra karate haiM to pAte haiM ki donoM hI paramparAyeM eka-dUsare ke nikaTa haiN| yadyapi donoM hI paramparAoM meM nAma aura vargIkaraNa kI paddhatiyoM meM antara hai, lekina donoM kA Antarika svarUpa samAna hai / samyak AcaraNa ke lie jo apekSAyeM jaina jIvana-paddhati meM mAnya haiM vahI apekSAyeM bauddha jIvana-paddhati meM bhI svIkRta haiM, mAtra kahane kA tarIkA alaga-alaga hai| (9) tapa ke svarUpa meM bhI donoM paramparAoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatAe~ dekhane ko milatI haiM, yathA- UnodarI tapa, vivikta zayanAsana tapa, prAyazcita tapa, vinaya tapa, svAdhyAya tapa, vyutsarga tapa, dhyAna tapa Adi bauddha paramparA meM usI taraha vivecita haiM, jisa taraha jaina paramparA meM haiN| bauddha paramparA meM inakI aspaSTatA kA kAraNa hai ki inakA vidhivata vivecana nahIM huA hai, ye yatra-tatra granthoM meM upalabdha haiN| tapa ke viSaya meM yadi donoM paramparAoM meM bhinnatA hai to anazana aura upavAsa ko lekara / bauddha paramparA meM upavAsa ko lambI tapasyA ke rUpa meM utanA mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai jitanA ki jaina paramparA meM / isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki bauddha paramparA meM tapa ke sthAna para yoga ko adhika

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78 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana mahattva diyA gayA hai, jabaki jaina paramparA meM tapa sAdhanA ko yoga-sAdhanA se alaga rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hamAre samakSa jaina evaM bauddha paramparAoM kI yoga sambandhI avadhAraNA kA eka tulanAtmaka rUpa upasthita ho jAtA hai jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki donoM hI paramparAoM meM kucha eka bhinnatAoM ko chor3akara dono eka-dUsare ke nikaTavartI haiN| sandarbha 1. pANinIya dhAtupATha, 4/68, hemacandra dhAtumAlA, gaNa - 4, 2. pANinIya dhAtupATha, 4/68, 3. hemacandra dhAtumAlA, gaNa - 4 4. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philosaoNphI, esa0 ena0 dAsa guptA, bhAga-1, pR0- 226-227 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29/8,tattvArthabhASya, 6/1 yujyate vA'nena kevalajJAnAdinA Atmeti yogaH / uddhRta-jaina yoga siddhAnta aura sAdhanA, upoddhAta, pR0-25 7. aMguttaranikAya (hindI anuvAda), bhAga-2, pR0-12,abhidharmakozabhASya, 5/40 yogshcittvRttinirodhH| pAtaJjala yogadarzana, 1/2 hindI vizvakoza, bhAga-9, pR0-496 nirUddhAsave (saMvaro), uttarAdhyayanasUtra , 29/11, Asravanirodha: sNvrH| tatvArthasUtra, 9/1 paMca AsavadArA paNNattA, taM jahA-micchataM, aviraI, pamAyA, kasAyA, jogaa| samavAyAMgasUtra 5/4 tivihe joe paNNatte, taM jahA-maNajoe, vai joe, kaayjoe| sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/1/124, tattvArthasUtra, 6/1 vivarIyAbhiNivesaM paricattA jonnhkhiytccesu| jo juMjadi appANaM NiyabhAvo ho have jogo| niyamasAra , 139 14. evaM tyaktvA bahirvAcaM tyjedntrshesstH| eSa yoga: samAsena pradIpa: prmaatmnH|| yanmayA dRzyate rUpaM tanna jAnAti srvthaa| jAnana dRzyate rUpaM tata: kena brviimyhm|| samAdhitaMtra, 17-18 mokkheNa joyaNAo jogo| yogaviMzikA- 1, 16. yogabindu, 31 17. catuvarge'graNI mokSo yogastasya ca kaarnnm| jJAna-zraddhAna -cAritrarUpaM ratnatrayaM ca sH|| yogazAstra, 1/15 18. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 /

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 19. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo thaa| esa maggo tti panatto jiNehiM vrdNsihiN|| nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo thaa| eyaM maggamaNuppattA jIvA gacchanti soggi|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/2-3 20. darzanapAhuDa, 32 21. jIva, ajIva, Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSA 22. jaina dharma ke prANa, pR0-24 23. uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 28/30 24. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra- 1/8/22-23 dekheM- jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA-mArga, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, pR052 vishessaavshykbhaassy-2675| uddhRta- jaina, bauddha ora gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, pR0- 55 sthAnAMgasUtra-2/1/70 pravacanasAroddhAra (TIkA)- 149/942 28. yogazAstra (hemacandra)-2/15 29. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29/1 30. jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA-mArga, pR0-58 31. vahI, pR0- 59 32. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gAthA 29 33. uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 28/16 34. jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA-mArga-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, bhAga-2, pR054-55 35. AcArAMgasUtra- 1/5/5/168 36. puruSArthasiddhiyupAya-23 37. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 12 / 38. vahI, 23 / 39. vahI, 22 40. puruSArthasiddhiyupAya, 27 41. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 17 42. puruSArthasiddhiyupAya, 30 43. AtmA che, te nitya che, che kartA nijkrm| che bhoktA vaNI mokSa che, mokSa upAya sudh|| AtmasiddhizAstra, 43 par3hamaM nANaM tao dayA evaM ciTThaI satvasaMjae- dazavaikAlika-4/10 45. tattvArthasUtra -(paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI) pR0-10 46. drvy-sNgrh,42| 47. jJAnasAgara,5/2 48. dazavaikAlika,4/14-27 49. nANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe, annANa-mohassa vivjjnnaae| rAgassa dohassa ya saMkhaeNaM, egantasokkhaM samuvei mokkhN||, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/2 darzanapAhuDa, 31 abhidhAnarAjendra koza, pR0-515 52. vahI, pR0-514 53. matizrutA'vadhimanaHparyAyakevalAni jJAnam / tattvArthasUtra, 1/9 54. yogadRSTisamuccaya, 119 55. pAzcAtya darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta-DaoN. vijaya kumAra, pR0-114 samayasAra, 144 57. samayasAra (TIkA), 93 58. AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/4 WWW 44. 50. 51. 56. samayasAra,

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80 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 59. no indiyaggejjha amuttabhAvA, amuktabhAvA vi ya hoi nicco| ajjhatthaheuM niyaya'ssa bandho, saMsAraheDaM ca vayanti bndhN|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/19 60. niyamasAra,78-81 61. tattvArthasUtra-, pR0,2 62. samayasAra, 151 6 3. pravacanasAra, 1/7 64. AcArAMganiyukti, 244 65. vItarAgasarvajJa praNItaSaDdravyAdisamyazraddhAnajJAnavratAdyanuSThAnarUpo vyavahAra mokssmaargH| paramAtmaprakAza-14 66. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/595 67. sAmAyikacchedopasthApyaparihAravizuddhisUkSmasamparAyayathAkhyAtAni cAritram / tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI), 9/18 68. vahI-pR0-218 69. vahI 70. bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR0-71-72 71. jIvana sAhitya, dvitIya bhAga, pR0-197-198 72. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, pR0-98 73. tApayati aSTa prakAra karma-iti tpH| AvazyakasUtra (TIkA malayagiri) khaNDa-2, adhyayana, 1 74. tapyate aNeNa pAvaM kammamiti tpo|- nizIthacUrNi, 46 75. rasa, rUdhira mAMsa medA'sthi majjA zukrANyanena tapyante, karmANI vADazumAnItyastapo nA nirUktaH / sthAnAMgavRtti, 5 76. paccakkhANeNaM AsavadArAI niruumbhi| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29/14 77. taveNa prisujjhii| vahI, 28/30 78. taveNaM bhnte| jIve kiM jaNayai? taveNaM vodANaM jnnyi| vahI, 29/28 indriyamanaso niyamAnuSThAnaM tapaH / nItivAkyAmRtaM, 1/22 so tavo duviho vutto bAhirabbhantaro thaa| bAhiro chavviho vutto evamabbhantaro tvo|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra-30/7 indriyANi kasAye ya mAkhe ya kise kuruu| jo vayaM te pasaMsAmo kisaM sAhu shriirm|| nizIthabhASya, 37/58 eyaM tavaM tu duvihaM je sammaM Ayare munnii| se khippaM savvasaMsArA vippamuccai pnnddie|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 30/37 aNasaNamUNoyariyA bhikkhAyariyA ya rspriccaao| kAyakileso saMlINayA ya bajjho tavo hoi| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 30/8 84. anazanamaunodarya vRtte saMkSepaNaM tthaa| rasatyAgastanuklezo lInateti bhistpH|| yogazAstra, 4/89 anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgavivikta zayyAsanakAyakleza-bAhya tpH| tattvArthasUtra, 9/19 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina. evaM bauddha 81 88. 90. 85. aNasaNe duvihe papNate- taM jahA-iyattarie ya Avakahie / vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra-25/7/198 86. ittiriyA maraNakAle duvihA aNasaNA bhve| ittiriyA sAvakaMkhA niravakaMkhA biijjiyaa|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra-30/9 87. ittarie aNegavihe paNNatte taM jahA-cautthe bhatte, chaThe bhatte.... jAva chammAsie bhtte| vyAkhyAprajJapti, 25/7/ 199 tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI), pR0-219 89. zarIra dukha sahanArtha zarIra sukhaanbhivaanychaa)|-tttvaarthsuutr (zrutasAgarIya vRtti) / sUtra 9/17 vRtti, pR0-30 vahI / 91. vyAkhyAprajJapti, 25/7/215 92. paDisaMlINayA cauvvihA paNNattA, taMjahA- iMdiyapaDisaMlINayA, kasAya pddisNliinnyaa| jogapaDisaMlINayA, vivittsynnaasnnsevnnyaa| vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 25/7/211 aDhibhantarae tave chavvihe paNNatte taMjahA - pAyacchittaM, viNao veyAvaccaM taheva sajjhAyo jhANaM viossgo| vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 25/7/217 pAyacchittaM viNao veyAvaccaM taheva sjjhaao| jhANaM ca viussaggo eso anbhintaro tvo|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra 30/30 aparAdho vA prAya:, cittaM - zuddhiH, prayAsya cittaM prAyazcittaM - aparAdha vishuddhiH| rAjavArtika , 9/22/30 yogazAstra, svopajJavRtti, pR0- 860 AloyaNArihAIyaM pAyacchittaM ta dsvihN| je bhikkhu vahaI sammaM pAyacchittaM tmaahiy|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra , 30/31 bAhulyena cittazuddhi hetutvat yat praayshcitN| tattvArthasUtra (haribhadra), 478 pramAda doSa parihAra: praayshcitm| sarvArthasiddhi, pR0-478 96. Alocana pratikramaNatadubhaya viveka vyutsarga tapazcheda parihAro psthaapnaani| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/22 97. pUjyesvAdaro vinyH| -sarvArthasiddhi, pR0-439 / 98. jJAnadarzanacAritropacArAH, tattvArthasUtra, 9/23 99 sthAnAMgasUtra,7/130 100. kAyaceSTayA dravyAntareNa copAsanaM vaiyaavRttym| sarvArthasiddhi, pRSTha- 439 101. aacaaryopaadhyaaytpsvishaiksskglaangnnkulsNngghsaadhusmnojnyaanaam| tattvArthasUtra - 9/24 evaM sarvArthasiddhi, pR0-442 102. suSThu A maryAdayA adhIyate iti svaadhyaayH| sthAnAMgasUtra (TIkA-AcArya abhayadeva) 5/3/465 94.

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82 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 103. jJAnabhAvanA''lasyatyAga: svaadhyaayH| sarvArthasiddhi, pR0- 439 104. dharmAmRta (anagAra), 7/83 105. vahI - 7/84 106. vahI - 7/86 107. vahI - 7/87 118. vahI - 7/87 / 109. ni:saMganirbhayatva jiivitaashaavyudaasaadyrthovyutsrgH| tattvArtharAjavArtika - 9/26/10 110. AtmA''tmIyasaMkalpatyAgo vyutsrgH| - sarvArthasiddhi, pR0- 439 111. baahyaabhyntropdhyoH| tattvArthasUtra - 9/26 112. ThANunnatthAlambaNa - rahio taMtammi paMcahA eso| duggamitthakammajogo tahAtiyaM nANajogou u|| yogaviMzikA , 2 113. vahI, 17 114. vahI, 3 115. adhyAtma bhAvanA dhyAnaM samatA vRttisaMkSayaH / mokSeNa yojanAd yogaeSa zreSTho ythottrm| yogabindu, 2 116. zAstrayogastviha jJeyo ythaashktyprmaadinH| zrAddhasya tIvrabodhena vcsaa'viklstthaa|| yogadRSTisamuccaya , 4 117. vahI, 5 118. vahI, 8 119. vahI, 9 120. vahI, 10 121. parastvayogo'pi manovaco'Gga-vyApArarodhAt paripUrNarUpAt / avAdi muktayA saha yojanena yogo bhavAmbhonidhirodha eSaH / adhyAtmatattvAloka, 7/12 122. gudamadhya liGgamUle nAbhau hRdi kaNTha - ghnnttikaa-bhaale| mUrdhanyUce navaSaTkaM (cakraM) ThAntA: paMca bhaalelyutaaH|| namaskAra svAdhyAya (saMskRta), parameSThividyAyantrakalpa, 60 123. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-4, pR-310 124. jnyaandrshncaaritrruuprtntryaatmkH| yogo muktipadaprAptAvapAya: prikiirtitH|| yogapradIpa, 113 125. zAstrasyopanipadyogo yogo mokSasya vrtnii| apAyazamano yogo, yoga klyaannkaarkm|| yogamAhAtmya dvAtriMzikA, 1 yoga:kalpataru zreSTho yogazcintAmaNiH prH| yoga: pradhAnaM dharmANAM, yoga: siddheH svyNgrhH|| yogabindu, 37 126. aMguttaranikAya, 63 127. kuzala cittekaggatA smaadhi| visuddhimaggo, khaNDa - 1, pR0- 188 128. samAdhAnatuna smaadhi|... ekArammaNe cittacetasikAnaM samaM sammA ca AdhAnaM, ThapanaM ti vuttaM hoti - vahI, khaNDa * 1, pR0-188 abhidhammatthasaMgaho (TIkA) bhAga-1, pR0-106

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha ye ci kusalA dhammA sabbe te samAdhipamukhA honti samAdhi ninnA.... / 129. dhammapada, 282 130. dve me bhikkhave, antA pabvajjitena na sevitabbA / katame dve? yo cAyaM kAmesu kAmasukhallikAnuyogo hIno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaMhito, yo cAyaM attakilamathAnuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasaMhitA / ete kho, bhikkhave, ubho ante anupagamya, majjhimA paTipadA tathAgatena abhisambaddhA cakkhukaraNI jANakaraNI upasamAya abhijJAya sambodhAya niSbAnAya saMvattati / mahAvaggo, pR0 - 13 131. katamaM ca, bhikkhave, duHkhanirodhagAminI paTipadA ariyasaccaM ? ayameva ariyo aTThaGgiko maggo / dIghanikAya, bhAga 2, pR0 - 232 132. bhAratIya darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta, DaoN0 bI0 ena0 sinhA, pR0- 123 133. majjhimanikAya (sammAdiTThisutta) khaNDa 1, pR0 - 62-63 134. vahI, pR0 64-65 tathA khaNDa 3, pR0- 337 135. vahI, khaNDa 3, pR0 337 136. musAvAdA veramaNI pisuNAya vAcAya veramaNI... 137. na hi verena verAni sammantIdha kudAcanaM / - - 140. dIghanikAya, pR0 - 269 141. majjhimanikAya khaNDa - averena ca sammanti esa dhammo sanantano || dhammapada, 1/5 milindapaJha, pR0 - 29-30 - 83 ...... / vahI 138. yo pANamatipAteti musAvAdaM ca bhAsati / loke adinaM Adiyati paradAraM ca gacchati / / surAmerayapAnaM ca yo naro anuyuJjati / iva meso lokasmi mUlaM khaNati attano / / dhammapada, 5 / 24-25 / 139. ariyAsAvako micchAAjIvaM pahAya sammAAjIvena jIvikaM kampeti, ayaM vucca majjhimanikAya, tAvuso sammAAjIvo / khaNDa - 3, pR0 - 337 satthavaNijjA, sattavaNijjA, maMsavaNijjA, majjavaNijjA, visavaNijjAimA ... paMcavaNijjA akaraNIyA ti| aMguttaranikAya khaNDa- 2, pR0 - 454 1, pR0 - 77, khaNDa 3, pR0 337 142. cattAro satipaTThAnA samAdhinimittA; cattAro sammappadhAnA samAdhi prikkhaaraa| majjhimanikAya, khaNDa - 1, pR0 371 143. kusalacitteggatA samAdhi / - visuddhimaggo, khaNDa- 1, pR0-188 144, avikkhepalakkhaNo samAdhi, vikkhepaviddhaMsanaraso, avikampanapaccupaTThAno / "sukhino cittaM samAdhiyatI" ti vacanato pana sukhamassa padaTThAnaM / / visuddhimaggo, khaNDa 1, pR0 - 189 145. channaM anussatiTThAnAnaM..... imesaM vasena laddhacittekaggatA, yA ca appanAsamAdhInaM pubbabhAge ekaggatAayaM upcaarsmaadhi| vahI, pR0 - 191

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84 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 146. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva,, pR0-54-55 visuddhimaggo, khaNDa - 1, pR0 270-271 147-148. tIsu bhUmisu kusalacittekaggatA lokiyo smaadhi| ariyamaggasampayuttA ekaggatA lokuttaro smaadhii| - visuddhimaggo, khaNDa - 1, pR0-191 149. vizuddhimagga (paramatthamaJjUsA nAmaka TIkA), khaNDa-1, pR0-193-94 150. cittaM nIvaranti pariyonandhantI ti niivrnnaa| aTThasAlinI, pR0-42, 151. sumaMgalavilAsinI, khaNDa-1, pR0-235|| 152. nIvaraNAni hi jJAnaGgapaccanIkAni .....tathA hi samAdhi kAmachandassa paTipakkho pIti byApAdassa, vitakko thinamiddhassa, sukhaM uddhaccakukkuccassa, vicAro vicikicchAyA' ti / - visuddhimaggo, khaNDa-1, pR0- 302. 153. buddhalIlA sArasaMgraha- pR0- 280-81 154. suttanipAta-4/2 155. India Philosophy Vol. 1, P-436. 156. aMguttaranikAya, ditttthivjjsutt| 157. tIhi ca kho, Avuso visAkha, khandhehi ariyo aTThaGgiko maggo sngghito| yA cAvuso visAkha sambhAvAcA yo ca sammAkammanto yo ca sammAAjIvo ime dhammA sIlakkhandhe sngghitaa......| majjhimanikAya, khaNDa-1, pR0-371| 158. atthi saddhA tato viriyaM, paJA ca mama vijjti| suttanipAta, 28/8 159. so dhamma deseti AdikalyANaM majjhekalyANaM priyosaanklyaannN| majjhimanikAya, khaNDa-2, pR0- 77 / 160. dIpAlokeneva tamassa puJa kiriyavatthugatena tena-tena kusalaMgena tassa tassa akusalaMgassa pahAnavasena, samAdhinA vikkhasambhanahAnavasena... paJcAya samucchedappahAnavasenA puggalapati / pR0-24 / / 161. idha, mahArAja, bhikkhu cakkhunA rUpaM disvA na nimittagAhI hoti nAnu byaJjanaggAhI evaM kho, mahArAja, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvAro hotti| dIghanikAya, khaNDa- 1, pR0-62 162. satiyA indriyasaMvaro sampAdetabbo / visuddhimaggo, bhAga-1, pR0-99 163. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0-19 164. visuddhimaggo, khaNDa-1, pR0-39-40. 165. sampannasIlA, bhikkhave, viharatha sampannapAtimokkhA; pAtimokkhasaMvarasaMvutA viharatha AcAragocarasampannA aNumattesu vajjesu bhayadassAvino samAdAya sikkhatha sikkhApadesu majjhimanikAya, khaNDa-1, pR0- 44 tathA dekhiye- prajJA ke prakAza meM samyak daSTi, vijJAna bhikSu, pR0-36|| 166. gocaro ti piNDapAtAdInaM atthAya upaGkamituM yuttaTTAnaM / visuddhimaggo (parama0) khaNDa-1, pR0. 56 167. vahI, pR0- 170-172

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168. vahI, pR0 177-178 169. aTThasAlinI, pR- 10 170. desanA - saMvaro ecDhi - paccavekkhaNa bhedato / suddhi catubvidhA vuttA, muninAdiccabandhunA // abhidhammatthasaMgaho, pR0 - 923 dhutakilesattA yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha - 171. sabbAneva panetAni kilesadhunanato vA dhutaM ti laddhavohAraM jaNaM aGgaM etesaM ti dhutaGgAni / visuddhimaggo, bhAga-1, pR0-147 172. visuddhimaggo, bhAga-1, pR0 149 - 150. 173. mArasenAvidhAtAya paMsukUladharo yati / sannaddhakavaco yuddhe khattiyo viya sobhati / / vahI, pR0- 152 174. vahI, pR0 - 158-159 175. vahI, pR0 - 160-161 176. visuddhimaggo, bhAga - 1, pR0 - 164-168 177. vahI, pR0-170-172 178. vahI, pR0 - 177-178 179. aTTasAlinI, pR0 - 101 180. chedanalakkhaNa paJAti api ca obhAsanalakkhavA paJJA / milindapaJha, pR0 - 30 181. prajJA ke prakAza meM samyak dRSTi, vijJAna bhikSu - pR0 - 94 182. abhidhammatthasaMgaho, bhAga-1, pR0 - 175 183. kusalacittasampayuttaM vipassanAJANaM paJJA / visuddhimaggo, bhAga - 2, pR0-946 184. dhammasabhAvapaTivedhalakkhaNA paJJa, dhammAnaM sabhAvapaTicchAdakamohandhakAra viddhaMsanarasA, asammohapaccupaTThAnA... / vahI, pR0- 950 185. kAmesu kAmacchando.... kAmAsavo, yo bhavesubhavachando .... bhavAsavo micchadiTThi diTThAsavo.... dukkhe aJANaM.... paTicca - samupyannesu dhammesu anynyaasvo| dhammasaMgaNi- pAli, pR0-247 ...... sabbapi 186. visuddhimaggo, bhAga - 2, pR0 - 952 187. yogavihitesu vA kammAyatanesu.... saccAnulomikaM vA rUpaM aniccaM ti......parato assutvA paTilabhati ayaM vuccati cintAmayA paJJA.....parato sutvA paTilabhati ayaM vuccati suttamayA paJa.....sabbA pi samApannassa paJJA bhAvanAmayA paJJA / vibhaMga, pR0 - 385 188. dutiyattike kAmAvacaradhamme Arambha pavattA parittArammaNA / rUpAvacarArUpAvacare Arambha pavattA mhggtaarmmnnaa| sA lokiyavipassanA / nibbAnaM Arabbha pavattA appamANArammaNA / visuddhimaggo, bhAga - 2, pR0-954 189. vahI, pR0-955 191. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendra deva, 85 190. vahI, pR0 - 41 pR0-956

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86 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 200. 192. tattha samathasaGgahe tAva dasa kasiNAni, dasa azubhA, dasa anussatiyo, cattasso appamajhAyo, ekA saJjA, evaM vavatthAnaM, cattAro ArUppA ceti sattavidhena smthkmmaatttthaansnggho| abhidhammattha saMgaho, bhAga-2, 9/2 193. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0-54 194. tasmA nIlAdivaNNaM mattikaM aggahetvA gaGgAvahe mattikAsadisAya aruNavaNNAya ... kasiNaM kAtabbaM.... aruvnnnnaay| visuddhimaggo, bhAga-1, pR0-263-264| 195. nIlapItalohitodAtasambhedavasena / vahI, bhAga-1, pR0-263 196. kaTasArake vA cambhe vA paTe vA vidatthicaturaGgalappamANaM chidde kaatbbN........| visuddhimaggo, bhAga-1, pR0-361 197. divasena vA phuTThavasena vaa|.... tasmA samasIsahitaM .....ucchu vA...... rukkhaM vA ......vAtena pahariyamAnaM disvA....."vAto vAto' ti bhAvetabbaM / vahI, pR0-362 198. vahI, pR0- 363, 64, 65 199. bauddha sAdhanA- vidhi, dharmAcArya bhadanta revatadharma, pR0- 4-5 svAkkhAto bhagavatA dhammo sandiTThiko akAliko.....paccattaM veditabbo vijUhI ti| majjhimanikAya, bhAga-1, pR0- 50 20 1. suppaTipano bhagavato sAvakasaMGgho..... yadidaM cattAri purisayugAni, aTThapurisapuggalA.... anuttaraM pucava khettaM lokassA ti| vahI 202. ariyasAvako attano sIlAni anussarati akhaNDAni acchiddhAni asavalAni.... samAdhisaMvattanikAni / aMguttaranikAya, bhAga-3, pR0-9 203. ariyasAvako devatAnussaMti bhAveti-santi devA cAtumahArAjikA... mayahaMpi tathArUpA paJjA saMvijjati ti| vahI, pR0-10 / 204. "maraNaM bhavissati jIvitindriyaM upacchijjissatI' ti vA, "maraNaM-maraNaM' ti vA yoniso manasikAro pvttetbbo| visuddhimaggo, bhAga-1, pR0- 505 205. bauddha dharma-darzana AcArya narendra deva, pR0-84-94 206. vahI, pR0- 94 207. vahI, pR0- 97-98 208. bauddha-sAdhanA-vidhi, pR0-6 209. AhAre paTikkUlasaJja anuyuttassa bhikkhuno rasataNhAya cittaM patilIyati ... kAyagatAsatibhAvanA pi pAripUriM gcchti| visuddhimagyo, bhAga-2, pR0-749 210. bauddha sAdhanA-vidhi, pR0-6 211. visuddhimaggo, bhAga-1, pR0-20 212. AvAso ca kulaM lAbho gaNo kammaM ca pnyc| addhAnaM Ati AbAdho gantho iddhI ti te dasA ti / vahI, bhAga-2, pR0-201 213. visuddhimaggo, bhAga-1, pR0-207

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yoga kI avadhAraNA : jaina evaM bauddha 214. piyo guru bhAvanIyo vattA ca vacanakkhamo / gambhIraM ca kathaM kattA no kaTThAne niyojako // aMguttaranikAya, bhAga-3, pR0 - 177 215. bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara, pR0- 272 216. tAsaM vasena chaleva puggalA honti rAgacaritoM, dosacarito, mohacarito, saddhAcarito, buddhacarito, vitakkacarito ti / visuddhimaggo, bhAga - 1, pR0- 219 / 217. pATisammidAmaga (pAli), pR0 - 338 pR0 - 189 87 218. majjhimanikAya, bhAga- 2, 219. bauddha sAdhanA-vidhi, pR0-4 220. aniccAdivasena vividhena AkArena parasatI ti vipassanA / aTThasAlinI, pR0-45 221. bauddha darzana - mImAMsA, AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 67 222. so evaM ayoniso manasi karoti- 'ahosiM nu kho ahaM atItamaddhAnaM... ayaM nu kho satto kutto Agato ? so kuhiMgAmI bhavissatI, ti| majjhimanikAya, bhAga1, pR0 - 12 223. visuddhimaggo, bhAga-3, pR0 - 1504

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tRtIya adhyAya jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya jaina sAhitya jaina dharma-darzana evaM saMskRti kA mUlAdhAra Agama sAhitya hai| Agama sAhitya kI sudRr3ha nIMva para hI jaina darzana kA vizAla prAsAda khar3A hai| Agama ko paribhASita karate hue vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA gayA hai- jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai vaha zAstra Agama yA zruta jJAna kahalAtA hai| AcArya malliSeNa ne bhI Aptavacana se padArthoM ke jJAna karane ko Agama kahA hai| isI prakAra nyAyasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki Aptakathana Agama hai|3 / jaina paramparA meM Agama ke lie vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai, yathA--- sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Agama', Aptavacana, aitihya, AmnAya, jinavacana tathA shrut| kintu vartamAna meM 'Agama' zabda hI jyAdA pracalita hai| jaina sAhitya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- pahalA vaha bhAga jisake antargata mahAvIra se pahale ke sAhitya haiM, jinheM pUrva ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai aura dUsarA vaha bhAga jo mahAvIra ke bAda ke haiM, jinheM aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki mahAvIra se pUrva bhI sAhitya the, kyoMki mahAvIra se pahale teIsa tIrthaMkara ho cuke the| AcArya abhayadeva kA kahanA hai ki dvAdazAMgI se pahale pUrva sAhitya nirmita kiyA gayA thaa| isI se unakA nAma pUrva rakhA gayA / inakI saMkhyA caudaha hai| mahAvIra ke bAda ke sAhitya jinameM unake upadeza saMkalita haiM, do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM- aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya / aMgapraviSTa ve zAstra haiM jo gaNadharoM ke dvArA sUtra rUpa meM banAye gaye haiM yA jo gaNadhara ke dvArA prazna karane para tIrthakara dvArA pratipAdita haiN| aMgabAhya ve haiM jo sthaviroM arthAt bAda ke AcAryoM dvArA racita haiN| aMgapraviSTa ke antargata dvAdazAMgI AtA hai| ina Agama graMthoM meM jaina dharmadarzana ke sAre siddhAnta saMkalita haiN| inakI bhASAarddhamAgadhI hai| isake atirikta digambara paramparA meM bhI yoga viSayaka sAhitya haiM jo zaurasenI meM racita haiN|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya yoga-vidyA bhAratIya cintana paramparA kI vizeSatA rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoM ne yoga ke sambandha meM nipuNa sAhitya kI racanA kI / yoga se sambandhita kucha mahattvapUrNa jaina granthoM kA yahA~ paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| mokSapAhuDa isa grantha ke racayitA AcArya kundakunda mAne jAte haiM jinakA samaya lagabhaga IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jAtA hai| mokSapAhuDa jaina yoga viSayaka eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| yaha zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha hai| isameM 106 gAthAe~ haiN| AtmA ke vibhinna svarUpoM kA paricaya karAte hue isameM batAyA gayA hai ki mithyAtva ke kAraNa jIva kI kyA dazA hotI hai? gRhastha aura muni donoM hI prakAra ke sAdhakoM kI sAdhanA kA vidhividhAna isameM varNita hai| AtmadhyAna meM pravRta hone ke lie kaSAyoM ke AvaraNa ko haTAne kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki isase sabhI AsravoM kA nirodha hotA hai aura saMvara-nirjarA se saMcita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| sAmAnyata: aisA dekhA jAtA hai yA granthoM meM par3hane ko milatA hai ki aneka sAdhaka viSaya-vAsanA se mohita hokara sAdhanA-patha se cyuta ho jAte haiN| isalie sAdhaka ko dhyAna-sAdhanA meM sAvadhAna karate hue paMcamahAvrata, tIna gupti, pA~ca samiti Adi cAritra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI zrAvaka-dharma kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda kI isa racanA ko dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isakI racanA yogazataka ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| saMbhavata: isIlie ise yogapAhuDa bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM prANAyAma ko chor3akara yama, niyamAdi sAta aMgoM kA varNana bhI milatA hai| isa grantha kI TIkA zrutasAgarasUri jI ne kI hai| samAdhitantra isa nAma se jaina-paramparA meM tIna AcAryoM ke grantha upalabdha hote haiM-AcArya kundakunda, AcArya pUjyapAda aura yazovijaya gnni| ina tInoM AcAryoM ne eka hI nAma se granthoM kI racanA kI hai| antara itanA hI hai ki tInoM AcAryoM kA kAlakrama Age-pIche hai| AcArya kundakunda kA samaya IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai to AcArya pUjyapAda kA samaya vikrama kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatI hai, parantu viSayavastu kI dRSTi se koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| bahuta kucha sAmya ke atirikta unakI aneka gAthAoM kA zabdaza: athavA kiJcit bheda sahita anuvAda pAyA jAtA hai| isameM dhyAna tathA bhAvanA ke sAtha-sAtha Atmatattva ko pahacAnane ke upAyoM kA sundara evaM vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kahA

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90 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana gayA hai ki manuSya meM jJAna kA honA Avazyaka hai tathA AtmajJAna ke binA tapa karanA vyartha hai, kyoMki usake binA manuSya ko mukti nahIM mila sakatI / " isa grantha para AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA saMskRta TIkA likhI gayI hai| mUlAcAra mUlAcAra ke racayitA vaTTakerAcArya mAne jAte haiN| isake TIkAkAroM meM zrI vasunandi siddhAntacakravartI AcArya tathA meghacandrAcArya ke nAma Ate haiN| 11 prastuta grantha meM bAraha adhikAra tathA 1252 gAthAe~ haiM / isake pA~caveM adhikAra meM tapa, AcAra Adi kI prarUpaNA karate hue Abhyantara tapa ke jo chaH bheda nirdiSTa kiye gaye haiM unameM pA~cavA~ dhyAna hai|12 yahA~ dhyAna ke cAroM prakAroM ko nirUpita karate hue Arta aura raudradhyAna ko aprazasta tathA dharma evaM zukla dhyAna ko prazasta batAyA gayA hai| 13 dharma aura zukla ko hI mokSa kA hetu kahA gayA hai| AcArya vaTTakera kA samaya lagabhaga prathama dvitIya zatI mAnA jAtA hai| parantu kucha vidvAn mUlAcAra ko kundakundAcArya kI kRti mAnate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki kundakunda hI vaTTakerAcArya ke nAma se jAne jAte the| jaisA ki 'mUlAcAra' para likhI gayI vasunandiracita 'AcAravRti' nAmaka TIkA se yaha tathya prAmANikatA kI ora agrasara hotA hai| grantha ke samApana para unhoMne likhA hai 'iti mUlAcAravivRttau dvAdazodhyAyaH iti kundakundAcAryapraNItamUlAcArAkhyavivRtiH / kRtiriyaM vasunandinaH zrI zramaNasya / ' bhagavatI ArAdhanA isa grantha ke racanAkAra AcArya zivArya haiN| yadyapi bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA yathArtha nAma to 'ArAdhanA' hI hai, bhagavatI to usake prati Adara bhAva vyakta karane ke lie prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isake TIkAkAra zrI aparAjita sUri ne apanI TIkA ke anta meM isakA nAma ArAdhanA hI diyA hai| 36 bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke AdhAra para hI AcArya devasena ne 'ArAdhanAsAra' grantha kI racanA kI hai| isa grantha para sarvaprathama TIkA aparAjita sUri ne kI hai jo vijayodayA TIkA ke nAma se upalabdha hai| dUsarI TIkA mUlArAdhanA darpaNa hai jo prasiddha granthakAra paM0 AzAdhara dvArA racita hai| isakI gAthA saM0 meM vibhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai| kisI meM 2170 hai to kisI meM 2164, 37 lekina devendra muni zAstrI ne apane grantha meM 2166 gAthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai / 38

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya yaha grantha samyak-darzana,39 samyak-jJAna, samyak-cAritra 1 aura samyak-tapa rUpa cAra ArAdhanAoM kA ati mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isake antargata dhyAna ke bheda-prabhedoM42 kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI isameM munidharma kA bhI vistRta vivecana dekhane ko milatA hai| tattvArthasUtra tattvArthasUtra' bhAratIya dArzanika vidyA kI jaina-zAkhA kI eka advitIya kRti hai| isake racanAkAra 'umAsvAti' yA 'umAsvAmi' haiM, jinakA samaya vikrama kI pahalI zatI se cauthI-pA~cavI zatI ke bIca kA mAnA jAtA hai|14 umAsvAti eka aise tattvavettA haiM, jinheM jaina paramparA kI donoM zAkhAoM meM samAna pratiSThA prApta hai| digambara unheM apanI zAkhA kA aura zvetAmbara unheM apanI zAkhA kA mAnate haiN| digambara paramparA meM ve 'umAsvAmi' tathA 'umAsvAti ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM, to zvetAmbara paramparA meM kevala umAsvAti ke nAma se| gAgara meM sAgara kI bhA~ti sampUrNa jaina darzana isa meM anusyUta hai| yaha mokSa-mArga ke pratipAdaka ke rUpa meM eka anupama evaM anUThA grantha hai| isameM dasa adhyAya hai, jisameM prathama adhyAya meM jJAna aura kriyA kA varNana hai| dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha evaM paMcama adhyAyoM meM jIvAdi jJeya padArthoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha, saptama, aSTama tathA navama evaM dazama adhyAyoM meM cAritra kA varNana hai|6| khAsakara SaSTha adhyAya meM yoga15, yoga ke bheda16 tathA saptama adhyAya meM paMca mahAvrata,17 navama adhyAya meM tapa, tapa ke bheda, 18 dhyAna, dhyAna ke bheda 19 Adi kA vizleSaNa hai| ye sabhI cAritra se sambandhita haiN| dhyAna mUlata: cAritra para hI nirbhara karatA hai| ata: dhyAna nirUpaNa meM prAya: cAritra kA hI varNana dekhane ko milatA hai, kAraNa ki cAritra ke pAlana se hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai| isa grantha para digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM meM aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayI haiN| parantu antara itanA hI hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM sabhASya tattvArtha kI vyAkhyAoM kI pradhAnatA hai to digambara paramparA meM mUlasUtroM kI hI vyAkhyAe~ huI haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke vyAkhyAkAroM meM bahuta se viziSTa vyAkhyAkAroM ke nAma Ate haiM, jinameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM- umAsvAti, gandhahastI (samantabhadra aura siddhasena ke vizeSaNa), siddhasena, haribhadra, yazobhadra, malayagiri, vAcaka yazovijaya, pUjyapAda aadi| dhyAnazataka 'dhyAmazataka kA pUrva nAma 'dhyAnAdhyayana' hai| dhyAnazataka to apara nAma hai|20 yaha jaina yoga paramparA kA eka prAcIna grantha hai| isake racayitA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa mAne jAte haiM, jinakA kAla I0 kI 5 vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| isakI bhASA Agama zailI

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (ardhamAgadhI) kI hai / parantu isa grantha ke racayitA ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| jaisA ki paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA mantavya hai ki dhyAnazataka ke racayitA ke rUpa meM yadyapi jinabhadragaNi ke nAma kA nirdeza dekhA jAtA hai, para vaha sambhava nahIM dikhatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki haribhadra sUri ne apanI Avazyakaniyukti kI TIkA meM samasta dhyAna ko zAstrAntara svIkAra kiyA hai tathA samasta gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA svayaM kI hai, para yaha kisake dvArA racI gayI hai isake sambandha meM unhoMne kucha bhI nahIM kahA hai| isake atirikta haribhadra sUri kI ukta TIkA para TippaNI likhanevAle AcArya hemacandra sUri ne bhI usake racayitA ke viSaya meM koI TippaNI nahIM kI / 21 92 isa grantha ke antargata sarvaprathama dhyAna ke do prakAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| punaH una do dhyAnoM (prazasta evaM aprazasta) ke punaH do-do bheda batAye gaye haiM, 22 jinameM prathama do dhyAna Arta aura raudra ko kaSAya tathA vAsanAoM ko bar3hAne kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai tathA anya do dhyAna dharma aura zukla ko mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| dharmadhyAna mokSa kA sIdhA kAraNa nahIM hai, balki vaha to zukladhyAna kA sahayogI mAtra hai| zukladhyAna hI mokSa kA sIdhA kAraNa hai| inake atirikta isameM Asana, prANAyAma, anuprekSA Adi kA bhI varNana hai / iSTopadeza AcArya pUjyapAda viracita yoga sambandhI yaha dUsarA grantha hai| jo dekhane meM laghu hai, kintu mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM mAtra 51 zloka haiM jinakI bhASA saMskRta hai| isameM unhoMne yoga se paramAnanda kI utpatti kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai AtmAnuSThAnaniSThasya, vyavahArabahiH sthiteH / jAyate paramAnandaH kazcid yogena yoginaH // 47 // arthAt loka vyavahAra se nivRtta hokara apanI AtmA meM sthita rahanevAle yogI ke hRdaya meM yoga dvArA eka anirvacanIya paramAnanda upalabdha hotA hai| sAtha hI isameM dhyAna ke cAra prakAroM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAdhaka kI una bhAvanAoM kA bhI ullekha hai jinake cintana-manana se vaha apanI caMcala vRttiyoM ko tyAgakara adhyAtmamArga meM lIna hotA hai| isakI racanA kA kAla vi0 saM0 kI pA~cavI - chaThI zatI mAnA jAtA hai| paramAtmaprakAza yaha grantha AcArya yogIndudeva dvArA racita hai| yoga sAdhanA kA varNana karanevAle

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga - sAhitya granthakAroM meM yogIndudeva kA apanA eka alaga hI sthAna hai| paramAtmaprakAza apabhraMza bhASA meM dohA ke rUpa meM nibaddha hai jo yoga-sAdhanA ke mArga ko prazasta karatA hai| isakA samaya lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| 23 mukhyataH yaha grantha yogIndrAcArya ne apane ziSya dvArA kiye gaye praznoM ke uttarasvarUpa likhA hai| yaha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai, jisameM prathama bhAga, dvitIya bhAga kI apekSA adhika kramabaddha hai| isa grantha meM AcArya yogIndu ne sarvaprathama AtmA ke trividha rUpoM kA paricaya diyA hai| taduparAnta AtmasAkSAtkAra kI AvazyakatA para bala dete hue gUr3ha AdhyAtmika tattvoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI muktimArga tathA ratnatraya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 345 dohe haiN| paramAtmaprakAza para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayI haiM jinameM brahmadeva bAlacandra paNDita daulatarAma jI tathA muni bhadrasvAmI Adi ke dvArA likhI gayI TIkAe~ pramukha haiN| yogazataka " AcArya haribhadra sUri kI yoga se sambandhita racanAoM meM yogazataka eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| jaina paramparA meM AcArya haribhadra kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| inhoMne hI sarvaprathama 'yoga' zabda kA pracalana jaina paramparA meM kiyaa| yogazataka, jaisA ki nAma se hI jJAta hotA hai ki isameM 101 gAthAe~ sannihita haiN| AcArya haribhadra ne yoga sambandhI aneka viSayoM kI saMkSepa meM carcA prastuta kRti meM kI hai / grantha ke prArambha meM hI nizcaya evaM vyavahAra yoga kA svarUpa nirUpita hai| gAthA 38 se 50 taka meM sAdhaka kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kaise saMbhava hai, ke viSaya meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| gAthA 59 se 80 taka yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko citta kI sthiratA ke lie kisa taraha rAgAdi doSoM tathA pariNAmoM ke viSaya meM cintanamanana karanA caahie| sAtha hI AcArya haribhadra ne sAdhaka kI pAtratA kI vizeSa carcA kI hai / unhoMne yoga kA zikSaNa yA upadeza karanevAle guru ko uddiSTa karate hue kahA haibhinna-bhinna sAdhakoM kI yogyatA, bhUmikA, kSamatA Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unheM rogI ko dene yogya auSadhi kI taraha jisake lie jaisA ucita ho upadeza karanA cAhie / (gAthA, 24) 93 isa taraha prastuta grantha meM AcArya haribhadra ne yoga kA svarUpa, lakSaNa, yoga ke adhikArI ke lakSaNa evaM dhyAna rUpa yogAvasthA kI vistRta carcA kI hai| yogazataka ke atirikta bhI AcArya haribhadra ke yoga se sambandhita grantha upalabdha hote haiM, yathA yogaviMzikA, yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogabindu, SoDazaka aadi| inakA samaya I0 san 757 se 827 taka kA mAnA jAtA hai|

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94 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana yogaviMzikA AcArya haribhadra asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke dhanI aura udbhaT vidvAn the| inhoMne apane yoga sambandhI granthoM meM aneka dRSTiyoM se yoga kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai jo jijJAsuoM tathA sAdhakoM ke lie vAstava meM hitakara aura upayogI hai| yogaviMzikA bIsa padyoM kI eka choTI sI racanA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne aisI bIsa-bIsa padyoM kI bIsa racanAe~ kI haiN| yogaviMzikA unameM se satarahavIM hai| isakI racanA AryA yA gAthA chanda meM huI hai| yogaviMzikA kI pahalI gAthA meM hI AcArya ne yoga ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai- yadyapi mokSa se jor3ane ke kAraNa sabhI prakAra kA parizuddha dharma-vyApAra, dharmArAdhanA kA kAryakrama, yoga hai; kintu sthAna, Asana tathA dhyAna Adi se sambaddha sAdhanAkrama ko vizeSarUpa se yoga samajhanA caahie| sthAna, UrNa, artha, Alambana tathA anAlambana ke rUpa meM yoga ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM, jinameM sthAna aura UrNa kA sambandha kriyA kI pradhAnatA se hai / isalie ise kriyAyoga kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| artha, Alambana tathA anAlambana kA sambandha jJAna, cintana evaM manana Adi ke sAtha hai, isalie yaha jJAnapradhAna hai / ata: ise jJAnayoga kahA gayA hai| ina sabake atirikta AcArya ne ina pA~coM meM se pratyeka kI icchA, pravRtti, sthiratA tathA siddhi rUpa meM cAra-cAra bheda batalAye haiN| isa taraha yoga ke bIsa bheda ho jAte haiN| Age punaH AcArya ne yoga ke cAra aura bhedoM kI carcA kI hai, jise unhoMne prItianuSThAna, bhaktika- anuSThAna, Agama-anuSThAna tathA asaMga-anuSThAna kahA hai| ataH pUrvokta bIsa bhedoM meM se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra bheda aura ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra yoga ke assI bhedoM kA varNana yogaviMzikA meM dekhane ko milatA hai| isa para suprasiddha vidvAn tathA naiyAyika upAdhyAya yazovijaya kI saMskRta TIkA upalabdha hotI hai| yogadRSTisamuccaya AcArya haribhadra kI yoga sambandhI racanAoM meM yogadRSTisamuccaya kA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM 227 padya haiN| isakI bhASA saMskRta hai| isameM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikAoM kA tIna prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura kucha naI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha yogabindu meM varNita viSayoM kI punarAvRtti bhI kI gayI hai| jo sambhavata: aba taka ke yoga sambandhI granthoM meM anyatra upalabdha na ho| AcArya haribhadra ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyoM ke prathama prakAra ko yogadRSTi kahA hai, jisameM yoga kI prArambhika avasthA se lekara anta taka kI bhUmikAoM ko kramazaH dikhalAyA gayA hai aura use ATha yogadRSTiyoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA hai| ve ATha dRSTiyA~

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya nimna haiM- mitrA, tArA, balA, dIpA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA tathA praa|24 dvitIya prakAra meM unhoMne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- icchAyoga, zAstrayoga aura sAmarthyayoga / tRtIya prakAra meM unhoMne yogAdhikArI ke rUpa meM gotrayogI, kulayogI, pravRttacakrayogI aura siddhayogI ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra ke yogiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| ___ isa taraha uttarottara vikAsa pAte AdhyAtmika jJAna, cintana-krama tathA usase phalita hote yama-niyamAdi yogAGkoM tathA pariSkRta hote jIvana ke mAdhyama se AcArya ne jo vicAra-sAmagrI prastuta kI hai, vaha vAstava meM bahuta hI upayogI hai| isa grantha para svayaM granthakAra AcArya haribhadra ne svopajJavRtti kI racanA kI hai| inake atirikta eka aura vRtti upalabdha hotI hai jisakI racanA sAdhurAjagaNi ne kI hai, jisameM 405 zloka pramANa upalabdha hote haiN|25 yogabindu isa grantha meM AcArya ne yoga ke vibhinna pahaluoM para bar3A hI sundara vivecana kiyA hai| isameM 526 saMskRta zloka haiN| isameM AcArya ne paramparAgata yoga kI carcA karate hue unake sAtha jaina yoga kI samAlocanA bhI kI hai| jisase racanAkAra ke vyApaka dRSTikoNa, asAmpradAyika cintana tathA sarvopari bhAvanA kA pUrNa paricaya milatA hai| yogabindu meM AcArya ne sarvaprathama yoga ke adhikArI kA varNana kiyA hai| yoga ke adhikArI ke sambandha meM batalAyA hai ki ve do prakAra ke hote haiM- caramAvartI aura acrmaavrtii| caramAvartI yogI hI mokSa ke adhikArI hote haiN| jisa jIva kA kAla maryAdita ho gayA hai, jisane mithyAtva granthi kA bhedana kiyA hai, jo zaklapakSI hai, vahI caramAvartI mokSa kA adhikArI hotA hai| ThIka isake viparIta jo viSaya meM, vAsanA meM aura kAma-bhogoM meM lipta rahate haiM, veM acasmAvartI kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| acaramAvartI ko hI bhavAbhinandI kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| vibhinna prakAra ke jIva ke bhedoM ke antargata apunarbandhaka, samyak-dRSTi, dezavirati tathA sarvavirati kI carcA hai / isI prakAra cAritra ke vikAsa hetu adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA aura vRttisaMkSepa Adi pA~ca bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jisake samyak pAlana se karmakSaya tathA mukti hotI hai| ye yoga ke pA~ca aMga ke rUpa meM bhI jAne jAte haiN| Age AcArya ne yoga kA eka dUsarA prakAra bhI batAyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai- tAttvika, atAttvika, sAnubandha, niranubaMdha, Asrava tathA anAsrava Adi eka apekSA se ye yoga ke cha: bheda haiN|26 Age unhoMne yoga-mArga kA nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai- jo yoga-mArga ke vettA haiM, jinhoMne tapasyA

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96 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana dvArA apane pApa naSTa kara DAle haiM, unhoMne bhAvI yogiyoM ke kalyANa ke lie jo bAta kahI hai vaha moharUpI aMdhakAra ko miTAne ke lie dIpaka ke sadRza hai| una jJAnIjanoM ne kahA hai- vAdI aura prativAdI tarka-vitarka dvArA kabhI bhI tattva ke antima nirNaya taka nahIM pahu~ca pAte / unakI sthiti telI ke kolhU ke baila jaisI hai| baila kolhU ke cAroM ora cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai, para vaha rahatA vahIM kA vahIM hai|27 ve mAnate the ki vAda-vivAda se na satya prApta hotA hai aura na sAdhanA hI saphala hotI hai| isa grantha para 'sadyogacintAmaNi' nAmaka svopajJavRtti hai, jisakA zloka pramANa 3620 hai| SoDazakaprakaraNa 16-16 padyoM ke 16 prakaraNa hone se isakA nAma SoDazaka hai| isa grantha meM yogasAdhanA dvArA kramaza: svAnubhUtirUpa paramAnanda kI prApti kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha para yogadIpikA nAmaka eka vRtti bhI upalabdha hotI hai, jisake racanAkAra yazovijaya gaNi jI mahArAja haiN| isa grantha ke caudahaveM prakaraNa meM yoga-sAdhanA ke bAdhaka tattvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai- kheda, udvega, kSepa, utthAna, bhrAnti, anyamud, rugra aura AsaMga-ye ATha citta-doSa haiN| isI prakAra solahaveM prakaraNa meM ina ATha doSoM ke pratipakSI tattvoM kA ullekha AyA hai, jo nimna hai - adveSa, jijJAsA, zuzruSA, zravaNa, bodha, mImAMsA, pratipatti aura prvRtti| ye citta ke guNa haiN| AtmAnuzAsana isa grantha kI racanA AcArya guNabhadra ne kI hai| isakI bhASA saMskRta hai aura yaha zlokoM ke rUpa meM nibaddha hai| zlokoM vAlI yaha vRtti yogAbhyAsa kI pUrvapIThikA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki mana ko bAhya viSayoM se haTAkara AtmadhyAna kI ora prerita karanA caahie| isa grantha kA racanA-kAla I0 kI 9vIM zatAbdI kA madhya mAnA jAtA hai| isa grantha ke TIkAkAra evaM aMgrejI anuvAdaka ke rUpa meM je0ela0 jainI kA nAma AtA hai| tattvAnuzAsana ___ ise dhyAnazAstra ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isakI racanA rAmasenAcArya jinakA samaya vikrama kI 10vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai.8, ke dvArA huI hai| isakA pratipAdya viSaya mukhya rUpa se dhyAna hai aura sAtha hI isameM dhyAna ke naimittika evaM sahAyaka tattvoM kA recana bhI kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna dvArA vyavahAra tathA nizcaya donoM prakAra ke mokSamArga siddha

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya hote haiN| mokSa-prApti ke lie samyak-darzana, samyak-jJAna aura samyak-cAritra kI anivAryatA nirUpita kI gayI hai| dhyAna ke bheda-prabheda, dhyAna ke mahattva Adi ko batAte hue mana kI ekAgratA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| sAtha meM mantra, japa, Asana Adi kA bhI varNana AyA hai| isake antargata 259 padya nibaddha haiN| pAhuDadohA isa grantha ke racayitA ke rUpa meM munizrI rAmasiMha kA nAma jAnA jAtA hai| yaha apabhraMza bhASA kA sAhitya hai jisameM 222 dohe nibaddha haiN| isakA samaya I0 san 933 aura 1100 ke bIca arthAt 1000 ke AsapAsa honA caahie| isameM yoga se sambandhita pAribhASika zabdoM, yathA-zivazakti, dehadevalI, saguNa-nirguNa, dakSiNa-madhya Adi kA vivecana bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| parantu jyAdAtara dohe aise haiM jinake dvArA bAhya kriyAkANDa kI niSphalatA tathA AtmasaMyama aura Atmadarzana meM hI saccA kalyANa hai, kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa grantha kA pratipAdya viSaya yogIndudeva kRta paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra ke pratipAdya viSaya se sAmya rakhatA hai| yogasAra prAbhRta isa grantha kI racanA muni zrI amitagati ne kI hai / isameM munivrata evaM zrAvakavrata donoM kI carcA hai| yaha 9 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai, jisake antargata jIva, ajIva, Asrava,bandha, saMvara,nirjarA, mokSa, cAritra evaM cUlikA Adi viSaya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAtha hI yoga sambandhita apekSita viSayoM para carcA kI hai| isake atirikta jIva-karma kA sambandha, karma ke kAraNa, karma se chUTane ke upAya, dhyAna Adi kI vistRta carcA hai| isakA racanA-kAla 10vIM zatAbdI hai tathA isake antargata 540 zloka nibaddha haiN| isakA hindI anuvAda bhI upalabdha hai| jJAnArNava ____ jJAnArNava jaina yoga kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai|jiskii racanA AcArya zubhacandra dvArA huI hai aura jo 39 prakaraNoM tathA 2230 zlokoM meM nibaddha hai| isake antargata dhyAtA kA svarUpa, dhyAna ke lakSaNa tathA usake bheda-prabhedoM31 kA vizeSa rUpa se vizleSaNavivecana huA hai| sAtha hI isameM bAraha bhAvanAoM32 ke svarUpoM, saMsAra-bandhana ke kAraNa, kaSAya, mana ke viSaya, AtmA evaM bAhya padArthoM ke bIca sambandha, yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, mantra, japa, zubha-azubha, zakuna, nAr3I Adi viSayoM para vistRta carcA hai|

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98 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana yaha jaina paramparA kA advitIya grantha hai| isake anya do nAma bhI upalabdha hote haiMyogArNava aura yogprdiip| isakI kucha TIkAe~ bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| TIkAkAroM meM zrutasAgara, nayavilAsa aura ajJAta Adi ke nAma Ate haiN| yogazAstra AcArya hemacandra kRta yaha grantha yoga viSayaka tathyoM ke lie bahucarcita grantha hai, jo 1018 zloka pramANa meM nibaddha hai| AcArya hemacandra kA kAla 12vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| yaha grantha bAraha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama se tRtIya adhyAya taka sAdhu evaM gRhasthoM kI AcAra-saMhitA ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM kaSAyoM ko jItane tathA samatAvRtti ke svarUpAdi kA varNana AyA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM prANAyAma23 Adi kA vizleSaNa hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM para-kAyA praveza, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA Adi ke svarUpoM evaM unake phaloM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saptama se dazama adhyAya taka dhyAna ke cAra prakAroM kA vistRta varNana hai| anta meM, gyArahaveM evaM bArahaveM adhyAya meM zukladhyAna tathA yoga kA samyak nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai|35 isa para svayaM AcArya hemacandra likhita svopajJavRtti hai jisameM pratipAdya viSayoM ko kathAoM aura dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se aura adhika spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isameM 1200 zloka hai| ise adhyAtmopaniSad bhI kahA jAtA hai| uparyukta sAhitya ke atirikta dhyAnAdhyayana, dhyAna-vicAra, adhyAtmasAra adhyAtmopaniSad, jJAnasAra, dhyAna dIpikA, yogapradIpa, svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, adhyAtmatattvAloka,zrAvakAcAra saMgraha Adi sAhitya bhI haiM jinameM yoga aura dhyAna sambandhI sAmagrI upalabdha hotI haiN| vartamAna meM pracalita jaina yoga-sAdhanA (prekSAdhyAna) para vipula mAtrA meM pustakeM prakAzita huI haiM jinameM se kucha ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- prekSAdhyAna AdhAra aura svarUpa,kAyotsarga, zvAsaprekSA, zarIraprekSA, caitanya kendraprekSA, amUrtacintana, jaina yoga, lezyAdhyAna Adi / bauddha sAhitya bauddha paramparA kA sAhitya bahuta hI vizAla tathA vyApaka hai| bauddha sAhitya kevala bhAratIya bhASAoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, balki vibhinna videzI bhASAoM meM bhI vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| yadyapi buddha ne apane jIvanakAla meM na to kisI grantha kI racanA kI aura na karAyI hI, kyoMki ve eka sacce dharmopadezaka the aura mAnava ko sahI mArga dikhAnA hI unakA eka mAtra uddezya thaa| bhagavAn buddha ne jisa bhASA meM apanA upadeza diyA,

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya tatkAlIna samAja meM vaha mAgahI yA mAgadhI kahI jAtI thI, use hI Aja pAli ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra vaidika paramparA kA mUla sAhitya veda hai, jaina paramparA kA mUla sAhitya dvAdazAMga hai, usI prakAra bauddha paramparA kA mUla sAhitya tripiTaka hai| tInoM piTaka ke nAma haiM- vinayapiTaka, suttapiTaka aura abhidhmmpittk| bhagavAn buddha kI sampUrNa vANI inhIM tInoM piTakoM meM saMkalita haiM, jinakA vibhAjana kucha isa prakAra se hai 1. vinayapiTaka ko tIna vibhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai- suttavibhaMga, khaMdaka, privaar| 2. suttapiTaka pA~ca vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- dIghanikAya, majjhimanikAya, saMyuktanikAya, aMguttaranikAya aura khuddknikaay| 3. abhidhammapiTaka jo sAta upavibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai, yathA-dhammasaMgaNI, vibhaMga, dhAtukathA, puggalapaJati, kathAvatthu, yamaka aura ptttthaan| yadyapi bhagavAn buddha ke sampUrNa upadeza ina tInoM vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita sAhitya meM A jAte haiM, tathApi yahA~ para kucha pramukha sAhityoM kA hI paricaya prastuta kiyA jA rahA hailalitavistara lalitavistara bauddha saMskRti kA utkRSTama mahAkoza hai jo mizrita saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| ise vaipUlyasUtra yA mahAvaipUlyasUtra bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha grantha 27 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai jisameM buddha ke janma se prathama upadeza taka kA jIvana darzana-nibaddha hai, sAtha hI tatkAlIna zuddhi-rucira-lokajIvana se sambandhita vibhinna saMdarbho kI vibhinna jhalakiyA~ bhI dekhane ko milatI haiN| AcArya zAntibhikSu zAstrI ne isa grantha kA hindI anuvAda bhI kiyA hai| yadyapi yaha padyamaya racanA hai, tathApi isameM purAnI paramparAoM kA bhI darzana hotA hai| mahAtmA buddha kI prArambhika dhyAna-sAdhanA kA avalokana isameM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isakI racanA prathama zatI I0 pUrva mAnI jAtI hai| visuddhimaggo AcArya buddhaghoSa dvArA racita yaha grantha pAli sAhitya kI amUlya dharohara hai, jisameM AcArya buddhaghoSa ne sAdhakoM ke lie yogAbhyAsa kI yuktiyoM ko sarala evaM subodha bhASA meM nibaddha kiyA hai| bauddha dharma kA aisA koI bhI aMga nahIM jisakA pratipAdana visuddhimaggo meM na kiyA gayA ho| jaisA ki grantha ke prArambha meM hI buddhaghoSa ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki

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100 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana cAroM AgamoM ke bIca sthita hokara yaha visuddhimagga unake yathArtha artha ko prakAzita kregaa| sampUrNa visuddhimagga tIna bhAgoM tathA teIsa paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| jisake prathama bhAga meM zIla,43 dhutAGga,44 karmasthAna grahaNa karane kI vidhi,45 kasiNa,46 azubha karmasthAna,47 SaD anusmRti 8 Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya bhAga jisake 11veM pariccheda meM samAdhi nirdeza 9 hai, sAtha hI brahmavihAra nirdeza kA bhI varNana hai| tRtIya bhAga jisake antargata prajJAbhUmi-nirdeza, dRSTi-vizuddhi-nirdeza, jJAna-darzana-vizuddhi nirdeza tathA prajJA bhAvanA Adi nirdeza nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kA racanAkAla I0 kI 4thI zatI hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| abhidhammatthasaMgaho isa grantha ke racayitA barmA nivAsI AcArya aniruddha mAne jAte haiN| AcArya aniruddha kA samaya 4thI se 5vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya aniruddha AcArya buddhaghoSa aura AcArya vasubandhu ke prAya: samakAlIna the| abhidhammatthasaMgaho pAli bhASA meM nibaddha hai tathA tRtIya piTaka abhidhamma kA praveza-dvAra mAnA jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai- jisa prakAra himAlaya vistAra meM atyadhika lambe-caur3e bIhar3a jaMgaloM ke kAraNa duHpraveza hai, usI prakAra isa piTaka kI dazA hai| jisa prakAra nakzoM aura cArToM ke dvArA jaMgala meM sahaja hI praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra abhidhammatthasaMgaho ko svAyatta kara lene para abhidharma meM praveza karanA sugama hai| abhidhammatthasaMgaho nau paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| isake prathama cha: paricchedoM meM citta, caittasika rUpa aura nirvANa kA varNana prApta hotA hai| bAda ke tIna paricchedoM meM bauddha dharma ke kucha jaTila praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| kula nau pariccheda isa prakAra haiM- citta saMgraha, caitasikasaMgraha, paNNikasaMgraha, vIthisaMgraha, vIthimuktasaMgraha, rUpasaMgraha, samuccayasaMgraha, pratyayasaMgraha tathA karmasthAnasaMgraha / kAlAntara meM isa para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayIM, jinameM vibhAvinI aura paramatthadIpanI TIkAe~ vidvatA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI haiN| abhI dharmAnanda kozAmbI ne navanItA TIkA likhakara isa grantha ke gambhIra tathyoM ko sarala evaM subodha banA diyA hai| bodhicaryAvatAra isa grantha ke racayitA AcArya zAntideva haiM, jinakA samaya sAtavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| sarvaprathama isakA rUsI saMskaraNaM nikalA thaa| yaha mahAyAna bauddha dharma meM bodhi

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya 101 athavA pUrNajJAna taka pahu~cane ke mArga ko prazasta karanevAlA anupama grantha hai| bAda meM isI kA san 1902 meM hI lAvale puMse ne perisa se phreMca anuvAda prakAzita karavAyA thaa| aba to isakA iTAliyana, jarmana, hindI Adi anuvAda bhI ho gayA haiN| ___yaha nau adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| jisake antargata prathama adhyAya meM bodhicitta prApta karane ke lAbha kA AkhyAna hai| 1 dvitIya adhyAya meM pApa kA svIkaraNa evaM buddha kI pUjA kI AvazyakatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM dharma-dIkSA se pUrva Avazyaka AdhArabhUta tattvoM ke avalambana tathA mUlya para rozanI DAlI gayI hai| caturtha adhyAya meM pUrva meM arjita bodhicitta kI vicAradhArA kI rakSA tathA nitya AcAra ke pAlana para bala diyA gayA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM sAdhaka ke kartavyAkartavya tathA AcAra ke satat cintana kI AvazyakatA para bala diyA gayA hai|52 aise hI SaSTha adhyAya meM kSAntipAramitA, saptama adhyAya meM vIryapAramitA, aSTama adhyAya meM dhyAnapAramitA tathA navama adhyAya meM sAdhanA kI carama bhUmi prajJApAramitA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| arthavinizcayasUtra ___ isa grantha ke mUla lekhaka kauna haiM aura isakA racanAkAla kyA hai? isakI spaSTa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| hA~! isa grantha kI upalabdhi kA zreya mahAmahima paM0 rAhala sAMkRtyAyana ko jAtA hai| aise 8vIM zatAbdI meM nAlandA ke praur3ha bhikSu evaM AcArya vIra zrIdatta dvArA kI gayI isakI nibandhana nAmaka TIkA upalabdha hotI hai| isake atirikta do prAcIna saMskaraNa jinakI bhASA tibbatI hai, upalabdha hote haiN| prathama kI vyAkhyA tibbatI bhASA meM tathA dvitIya kI vyAkhyA meM tibbatI ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta bhI hai| isa grantha kI vyAkhyAvidhi praznottara hai| isake antargata dhyAna evaM usake aMga para vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pratipAdya viSaya nimnalikhita haiM- skandha, upAdAna skandha, dhAtu, Ayatana, pratItyasamutpAda, Aryasatya, indriya, ArUpya samApatti, brahmavihAra, pratipat , samAdhi, samyak prahANa, RddhipAda, paJcendriya, bala, bodhyaMga, aSTAMgikamArga, AnApAnasmRti, srotApatti, tathAgatabala, vaizAradha, pratisaMvita, mahApuruSa lakSaNa aura anuvyNjn| abhidharmAmRta abhidharmAmRta AcArya ghoSaka dvArA racita grantha hai, jo mUlata: cInI bhASA meM anudita hai| yaha sarvaprathama vizvabhAratI zAntiniketana se zAntibhikSu zAstrI ke nirdezana meM saMskRta bhASA

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102 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM prakAzita huA / viSaya pratipAdana kI dRSTi se 15 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta isameM dAnazIla, loka, dhAtu evaM gati, karma tathA usake bheda, skandha dhAtu, Ayatana, saMskAra, pratItyasamutpAda, anAsrava, pudgala, jJAna, dhyAna, samAdhi, bodhipAkSika dharma, cAra Aryasatya Adi viSaya mukhya haiN| dhyAna evaM citta kI vRttiyoM kA adhyayana 10veM se 13veM adhyAya taka dekhane ko milatA hai| abhidharmakoza bauddha sAhitya meM abhidharmakoza kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha eka aisA grantha hai jise bauddha paramparA kI donoM zAkhAoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnyatA prApta hai| isake racanAkAra AcArya vasubandhu haiM,jinakA samaya cauthI zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura pA~cavI zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha mAnA jAtA hai| isakI bhASA pAli hai tathA isameM kula milAkara 600 kArikAe~ haiM,jo ATha paricchedoM meM vibhakta haiM aura jinameM kramaza: dhAtu, indriya, loka, karma, anuzaya, jJAna, pudgala aura dhyAna ina viSayoM para vistAra se carcA kI gayI hai| isa grantha para svayaM vasubandhu ne bhI bhASya likhA hai| bAda meM calakara cInI vidvAn paramArtha evaM hvenasAMga ne isakA anuvAda kiyA hai| parantu isakI vistRta vyAkhyA abhidharmakozabhASya meM kI gayI hai, jise AcArya yazomitra ne kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bhI ise sampAdita kara eka nayA rUpa diyA hai| dIghanikAya dIghanikAya suttapiTaka kA pahalA upavibhAga hai| dIrgha AkAroM ke suttoM (sUtroM) kA saMgraha hone ke kAraNa ise dIghanikAya kahA gayA hai| AkAra kI dRSTi se jo buddhopadeza bar3e haiM ve isa nikAya meM saMgrahIta haiN| yaha grantha tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai yathA-sIlakkhandha, mahAvagga aura paattikvgg| mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne isa grantha kA hindI meM anuvAda kiyA hai| isameM kula milAkara cauMtIsa (34) sutta haiM, jinameM sIlakkhandha meM 1 se 12 sutta, mahAvagga meM 13-23 aura pATikavagga meM 24-34 sutta haiN| sIlakkhandha kI kucha paMktiyA~ gAthAoM meM haiM, kucha gadya meM haiN| isI prakAra mahAvagga aura pATikavagga meM adhikAMza sutta gadya-padya ke mizrita rUpa haiN| viSaya pratipAdana kI dRSTi se prathama sutta (brahmajAlasutta) meM zAzvatavAda, nityatAanityatA, ucchedavAda Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai|53 dvitIya sutta (sAmaJjalasutta) meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ko vivecita kiyA gayA hai|54 isI prakAra mahAvagga bhAga ke 22veM sutta meM kAyAnupazyanA, vedanAnupazyanA, cittAnupazyanA aura dharmAnupazyanA Adi kA varNana

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAhitya 103 AyA hai|55 25veM sutta meM azuddha aura zuddha tapasyA ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai|56 kahA gayA hai ki jaba tapasvI tapa karatA hai, taba vaha usa tapa se na to saMtuSTa hotA hai aura na paripUrNa saMkalpa, vaha na ghamaNDa karatA hai, na besudha hotA hai aura na pramAda karatA hai to vaha vahA~ parizuddha rahatA hai|57 majjhimanikAya majjhimanikAya kA sabhI nikAyoM meM apanA anupama sthAna hai, jisake 14veM sutta ko chor3akara pratyeka bhAga meM dasa-dasa sutta haiN| cU~ki isameM madhyama AkAra ke suttoM kA saMgraha hai, isIlie isakA nAma majjhimanikAya pdd'aa|58 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne hindI meM anuvAda kara isa nikAya ko "buddhavacanAmRta' nAma se vibhUSita kiyA hai| yaha pandraha bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| isa grantha ke antargata 152 sutta saMgrahIta haiN| isakA hindI anuvAda paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne kiyA hai|59 grantha ke prathama bhAga ke Akkheyasutta meM bhikSuoM ko zIla sampanna tathA pratimokSa rUpI saMyama se saMyamita hokara vicAra karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| cauthe bhAga ke mahAassapurasutta tathA cUlaassapurasutta meM bhikSuoM ke kartavyoM ko prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| pA~cave bhAga ke mahAdevallasutta meM vedanA, saMjJA, zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ke mahattva ko batalAyA gayA hai| sAtaveM bhAga ke cUlamAlUkyasutta meM AdhyAtmikatA ke prati udAsInatA dikhAte hue cUlamAlukya dvArA pUche gaye loka zAzvata hai yA azAzvata Adi dasa praznoM ko avyAkRta batAte hue bhagavAn ne ina saba praznoM ko vairAgya, nirodha, zAnti, paramajJAna tathA nirvANa Adi ke lie anAvazyaka batAyA hai|61 uparyukta sAhitya ke atirikta itivRttaka, mahAvagga, milindapaha, vibhaMga, zikSA samuccaya Adi sAhitya meM yoga ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vartamAna meM pracalita bauddha sAdhanA-vidhi (vipazyanA) para aneka pustakeM prakAzita haiM jinameM se kucha ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- AnApAnasatI, vipazyanA sAdhanA, bauddha sAdhanA paddhati, prajJA ke prakAza meM samyak dRSTi aadi| sandarbha 1. sAsijjaI jeNa tayaM satthaM taM cA'visesiyaM naannN| Agama evaM ya satthaM AgamasatthaM tu suyanANaM / / vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 559 2. AptavacanAdAvirbhUtamarthasaMvedanamAgamaH / / syAdvAdamaMjarI, 28 3. AptopadezaH zabdaH / nyAyasUtra , 1/1/7

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana suyasatta grantha siddhaMtapavayaNe ANavayaNa upaese paNNavaNa Agame yA ekaTThA pNjaavaasutte| anuyogadvAra -4, uddhRta-anuyogaddhArasUtra, sampA0- madhukara muni, prastAvanA, pR0-31 5. tattvArthabhASya - 1/20 sarvazrutAt pUrva kriyate iti pUrvANi utpAdapUrvAM'dIni cturdshH| sthAnAMgasUtra (abhayadeva vRti), 10/1 svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, prastAvanA - pR070 8. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, pR0-116 vahI, pR0- 120 10. samAdhitantra (pUjyapAda), 33 11. mUlAcAra (hindI anu0) AryikAratna, jJAnamatI jI, prastAvanA, pR0-81 duvihA ya tavAcAro vAhira abbhataro munneyvvo| ekkakko viya chaddhA jadhAkama saM pruuvemo||345|| pAyacchittaM viNayaM vejjAvaccaM taheva sajjhAyaM jhANaM ca viussaggo abbhatarao tavo eso // 360 / / 13. aTTaM ca ruddasahiyaM doNNivi jhANANi appstthaanni| dhamma sukkaM ca duve pasatthajhANANi NeyANi / / 394 / / 14. tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI) pR0- 6-7 15. vahI, 6/ 1 1 6. vahI, 6/3-4 17. vahI, 6/19-24 18. vahI, 9/19-20 19. vahI, 9/27-28,29 20. dhyAnazataka - (anu0) muni dulaharAja, prstaavnaa| 21. gaNadharavAda - prastAvanA, pR0-45 22. aTTaM rUddhaM dhamma sukkaM jhANaI / gAthA - 5 23. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 -118 24. mitrAtArAbalAdIprA - sthirAkAntAprabhAparA nAmAni yogadRSTinAM lakSaNaM ca nibodhata, 13 25. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 4, pR0-237 26. yogabindu, 31 27. vahI, 17, 18 28. tattvAnuzAsana - prastAvanA, pR0-39 29. mumukSurjanmanirviNNa: zAntacitto vazI sthirH| jitAkSa saMvRtto dhIro dhyAtA zAstre prazasyate / / 4/6 30. utkRSTakAyabandhasya sAdhorantarmuhUrtataH dhyAnamAhurathaikAgracintArodho budhottamAH // 25/15 31. vahI, 25/24, 26/2, 33/5, 42/5 32. anityAdhAH prazasyante dvAdazaitA mumukssubhiH| yA mukti saudhsopaanraajyo'tyntvndhuraaH||2/7 33. prANAyAmastata: kaizcidAzrito dhyaan-siddhye|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga - sAhitya zakyo netarathA kartuM manaH pavana-nirjayaH / / 5 / 1 34. piNDasthaM ca padasthaM ca rUpasthaM rUpavarjitam / caturdhA dhyeyamAmnAtaM dhyAnasyAlambana budhaiH / / 7/8 35. svargApavarga- heturdharma- dhyAnamiti kIrtitaM yAvat / apavargaikanidAnaM zuklamanaH kIrtyate dhyAnam // 11/1 36. bhagavatI ArAdhanA - (anu0) paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, prastAvanA, pR0-11 37. vahI, pR0 10 38. jaina Agama sAhitya - manana aura mImAMsA, 39. bhagavatI ArAdhanA - bhAga - 1-4 40. vahI, 5 42 . vahI, 6 42. aTTe cauppayAre rudve ya caDavvidhe ya je medA / te savve parijAdi saMthAragao tao khavao || 1696 // dhammaM caduppayAraM sukkaM ca caduvvidhaM kilesaharaM / saMsAradukkhabhIo duNNi vijjhANANi so jjhAdi // / 1694 / / 43. visuddhimaggo prathama bhAga pR0- 28-141 44. vahI, pR0 143-185 46. vahI, pR0 - 253 - 372 48. vahI, pR0 - 409-502 50. vahI, pR0- 627-699 51. azucipratimAmimAM gRhItvA jinaratnapratimAM karotyanadyAM / rasajAtamatIva vedhanIyaM sudRDhaM gRhNata bodhicittasaMjJaM // 10 // 52. yathA capalamadhyastho rakSati vraNamAdarAta | evaM durjanamadhyastho rakSeccittavraNaM sadA // 19 // pR0 - 592 - 45. 47. 49. 54. 56. vahI, pR0 - 187-251 vahI, pR0 373-408 vahI, dvitIya bhAga - 733-809 53. dIghanikAya (anu0 ) - pR0- 1-13 55. vahI, pR0 - 190-193 57. vahI, pR0-229 58. pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, bharata siMha upAdhyAya, pR0 - 148 60. 59. AMkkheyyasutta - 6 ( ma0ni0 ) 61. cUlamAluMkya, 63 vahI, pR0-24-32 vahI, pR0-227-229 mahAassurasutta, 39, 2 105

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caturtha adhyAya jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra darzana ke pamukha tIna pakSa hote haiM- tattvamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA aura aacaarmiimaaNsaa| ye eka-dUsare ke pUraka tathA anukUla hote haiN| inakI anukUlatA se hI jJAta hotA hai ki ye eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita bhI karate haiN| yadi aisA nahIM ho to koI bhI darzana AtmaghAtI siddha hogaa| isa bAta kI spaSTatA ke lie bhAratIya darzana kI kucha zAkhAoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai cArvAka darzana meM sirpha bhautika tattvoM ko hI mAnyatA prApta hai| isameM Izvara Adi AdhyAtmika tattva nahIM haiN| isameM AdhyAtmika tattvoM ko asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha kevala pratyakSa pramANa ko hI mAnatA hai, kyoMki bhautika tattvoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM isakA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki zarIra ke naSTa hote hI usake sAtha rahanevAlI cetanA samApta ho jAtI hai, zeSa kucha nahIM raha jaataa| ata: vartamAna janma ke atirikta pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma kA koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| maranevAle vyakti ke lie na bhokSa, na svarga aura na naraka hotA hai| jo kucha hai vaha vartamAna jIvana hI hai, vartamAna zarIra hI hai| isa prakAra cArvAka darzana apanI AcAramImAMsA ke kSetra meM sukhavAdI tathA tattvamImAMsA ke kSetra meM bhautikavAdI hai| isakA mAnanA hai ki jaba taka jIo, sukhapUrvaka jIo, RNa lekara bhI ghI mila sake to binA saMkoca ke khAo tAki zarIra puSTa ho, svastha ho aura tumheM daihika sukha mile, kyoMki zarIra naSTa ho jAnevAlA hai, isakA phira AnA-jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| cUMki cArvAka darzana kI tattvamImAMsA bhautikavAdI hai isalie usa para AdhArita pramANamImAMsA pratyakSavAdI tathA AcAramImAMsA sukhavAdI hai| citta evaM usakI vRttiyoM para cintana nahIM huA hai| pAtaMjala yoga kI tattvamImAMsIya vyAkhyA meM citta kI vRttiyA~ hotI haiM- kliSTa tathA akliSTa / kliSTa vRttiyA~ avidyA tathA ajJAna utpanna karatI haiM, jisase baMdhana hotA hai| ata: AcAramImAMsA meM yoga ko pradhAnatA dete hue kahA gayA hai- 'yogazcittavRtti nirodhaH / arthAt cittavRtti ko rokanA yoga hai| yoga se hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 107 advaitavedAnta kI tattvamImAMsA kahatI hai- "brahma satyam jagat mithyaa'| arthAt brahma hI mAtra sat hai aura jo jagata ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3atA hai vaha mithyA hai, bhrama hai| vaha mAyA ke kAraNa hotA hai| mAyA ajJAna hai, avidyA hai| AtmA svataMtra hai, mukta hai, kintu mAyA se AcchAdita ho jAne ke kAraNa jIva ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai aura bandhana kI bhAgI ho jAtI hai| saMsAra vyavahAra rUpa hai jo asat hai, sirpha paramArtha yA brahma hI sat hai| jaba taka jIva vyavahAra meM ghulA-milA hotA hai taba taka vaha bandhana meM hotA hai aura vyavahAra se Upara uThakara jaba vaha paramArtha se mila jAtA hai taba use mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| ata: advaitavedAnta kI tattvamImAMsA yaha batAtI hai ki saMsAra ko mithyA mAnoM aura apane tathA brahma kI ekatA ko phcaanoN| jo tuma ho vahI brahma hai, jo brahma hai vahI tuma ho| yahA~ dvaita nahIM sirpha advaita hai| jaina darzana meM bhI aisI hI prakriyA dekhI jAtI hai arthAt usameM bhI tattvamImAMsA se jJAnamImAMsA aura jJAnamImAMsA se AcAramImAMsA hote hue dharma ke kSetra meM AyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM dravya ko paramatattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dravya ke pradhAnataH do prakAra haiM- astikAya aura anstikaay| astikAya ke puna: do vibhAga dekhe jAte haiM- jIva aura ajiiv| jIva svabhAvata: sva-prakAzita aura para-prakAzaka hotA hai| jIva svataMtra hotA hai| vaha ananta catuSTaya kA dhAraka hotA hai| ata: sabhI jIva samAna hote haiN| aba prazna uThatA hai ki jaba sabhI jIva samAna hote haiM to phira aneka prakAra ke jIva kyoM hote haiM? koI jIva vikasita rUpa meM hotA hai to koI avikasita rUpa meN| aisA kyoM? isakA uttara jaina AcAramImAMsA detI hai- jIvoM meM jo antara dekhe jAte haiM, ve karmAnusAra hote haiN| karmAnusAra hI koI choTA zarIra pAtA hai to koI bar3A zarIra pAtA hai| jaina AcAramImAMsA ahiMsA kA prabala samarthana karatI hai| kahA gayA hai- "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH", aisA kyoM? cU~ki hiMsA se kaSTa hotA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai- sabhI jIva sukha cAhate haiM, du:kha koI nahIM cAhatA, sabhI jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| cU~ki hameM kaSTa hotA hai jaba koI kisI prakAra se hama para ghAta karatA hai to hameM bhI samajhanA cAhie ki yadi hama kisI para ghAta kareMge to usako bhI vaisA hI kaSTa hogA jaisA hameM hotA hai, kyoMki sabhI jIva samAna haiM, yaha tattvamImAMsA batAtI hai| bauddha darzana meM tattvamImAMsIya samasyAoM kI avahelanA huI hai| buddha ne una logoM ko nAsamajha kahA jo apane ko tattvamImAMsIya samasyAoM meM ulajhA lete haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki tattvamImAMsA se koI nizcita jJAna prApta nahIM hotA aura na to pUrNa jJAna hotA hai| jisa prakAra aMdhoM ko hAthI kA AMzika jJAna prApta hotA hai, kyoMki ve hAthI ke kisI eka

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 108 aMga ko hI chU pAte haiM, sampUrNa hAthI ko eka sAtha nahIM chU pAte; usI prakAra tattvamImAMsaka AMzika jJAna meM hI ulajhe rahate haiN| tattvamImAMsA eka jAla hai jisameM vyakti dina va dina pha~satA jAtA hai, usase nikala nahIM paataa| unake isa vicAra kI abhivyakti brahmajAlasuta meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| eka bAra zrAvastI ke jetavana meM vihAra ke avasara para mAlukyaputra ne buddha se loka ke zAzvata - azAzvata, antavAna - anantavAna hone tathA jIva deha kI bhinnatA-abhinnatA ke viSaya meM dasa meNDaka praznoM ko pUchA thA, jise buddha ne avyAkRta kahakara usakI jijJAsA ko zAnta kara diyA thaa| isI prakAra poThThapAda parivrAjaka ne jaba aise hI prazna kie taba buddha ne bar3e hI spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA thA- "na yaha artha yukta hai, na dharma yukta hai, na nirodha ke lie, na upazama ke lie, na sambodhita paramArthajJAna ke lie aura na nirvANa ke lie hai| isalie maiMne ise avyAkRta kahA hai tathA maiMne vyAkRta kiyA hai duHkha ke hetu ko, duHkha ke nirodha ko, tathA duHkha-nirodhagAminI pratipada ko / isa prakAra buddha ne Aryasatya yAnI AcAramImAMsA se apanA cintana zuru kiyA / kintu jaba ve dUsare Aryasatya kA pratipAdana karate haiM to usameM pratItyasamutpAda A jAtA hai jo batAtA hai ki eka ke bAda dUsarA kAraNa utpanna hotA hai aura jisase parivartanazIlatA kA bodha hotA hai| Age calakara parivartanazIlatA kSaNikavAda kA rUpa le letI hai arthAt hara kSaNa parivartana hotA hai| phira anAtmavAda tathA zUnyavAda kA siddhAnta A jAtA hai| isa taraha tattvamImAMsIya siddhAnta prasphuTita hote haiM jo bauddhAcAra ko prabhAvita karate haiM / nirvANa kI vyAkhyA para pUrNata: bauddha tattvamImAMsA kA prabhAva hai / madhyamamArga ko apanAne kI bAta isalie hai ki pratItyasamutpAda meM batAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vastu nitya nahIM hai, naSTa hotI hai aura naSTa hokara puna: janma letI hai| isa mAnyatA meM zAzvatavAda tathA ucchedavAda donoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki zAzvatavAda mAnatA hai ki jo nitya hai vaha samApta nahIM hotA aura ucchedavAda mAnatA hai ki vastu naSTa hotI hai para punaH utpanna nahIM hotI hai| jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI darzanoM Izvara kI sattA ko asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isalie donoM hI apanI AcAramImAMsA meM yaha mAnate haiM ki vyakti apanI sAdhanA, tapasyA, tyAga ke AdhAra para devatva kI u~cAI taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| vaha sarvajJa ho sakatA hai, kevalI ho sakatA hai| IzvaravAda meM Izvara Upara se avatarita hotA hai yA utaratA hai, kintu jaina evaM bauddha darzanoM meM mAnava karma ke bala para Upara kI ora Izvara kI u~cAI taka car3hatA hai| yadi tattvamImAMsA meM ye donoM darzana Izvara kI sattA svIkAra kara lie hote to inakA mAnava itanA samartha nahIM bana sakatA thaa| mAnava meM yaha samarthatA yoga-sAdhanA ke dvArA hI AtI hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 109 jaina yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra sat jaina tattvamImAMsA kA AdhArabhUta siddhAnta sat yA dravya kA vivecana hai| jaina darzana meM sat, tattva, artha, dravya, padArtha, tattvArtha Adi zabda lagabhaga eka hI artha meM vyavahRta hue dekhe jAte haiN| sat yA tattva (Reality) ke viSaya meM darzanoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| bauddha darzana ke anusAra 'sat' niranvaya kSaNika hai to sAMkhya ke anusAra cetana tattvarUpa puruSa kUTastha-nitya tathA acetana tattvarUpa prakRti pariNAmI-nitya arthAt nityAnitya hai| vedAnta ke anusAra brahma ekamAtra satya hai to jaina darzana ke anusAra tattva sApekSata: nitya-anitya, sAmAnya-vizeSa, kUTastha tathA parivartanazIla hai| jainadarzana kA sat ananta dharmoMvAlA hai| ina ananta dharmoM meM se kucha sthAyI hote haiM jo sadA vastu ke sAtha hote haiM, jinheM guNa kahate haiN| kucha dharma aise hote haiM jo badalate rahate haiM, jinheM paryAya kahate haiN| sonA meM sonApana guNa tathA aMgUThI, karNaphUla Adi bAhyarUpa paryAya haiN| paryAya asthAyI haiN| eka paryAya ke naSTa hone para dUsarA utpanna hotA hai / isI AdhAra para sat ko paribhASita karate hae umAsvAti ne kahA hai- sat utpAda, vyaya yA vinAza aura sthiratA yukta hotA hai| Age calakara ise hI dUsare rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai- guNa aura paryAyavAlA dravya hai| isameM utpAda aura vyaya ke sthAna para paryAya A gayA aura dhrauvya ke sthAna para gunn| utpAda aura vyaya parivartana kA sUcaka hai tathA dhrauvya nityatA kaa| parantu utpAda evaM vyaya ke bIca eka prakAra kI sthiratA rahatI hai, jo na to kabhI naSTa hotI hai aura na utpanna hii| isa sthiratA ko dhrauvya evaM tadbhAvAvyaya bhI kahate haiN| yahI nitya kA lakSaNa hai| AcArya kundakunda ne dravya kI vyAkhyA kucha isa prakAra kI hai - jo aparityakta svabhAvavAlA hai; utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta hai; guNa aura paryAyayukta hai, vahI dravya hai| yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita jAna par3atA hai ki kahIM-kahIM dravya aura sat ko eka-dUsare se bhinna mAnA gayA hai| anuyogadvAra meM tattva kA sAmAnya lakSaNa dravya tathA vizeSa lakSaNa jIvadravya aura ajIvadravya mAnA gayA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dravya aura tattva kamoveza alagaalaga tathya nahIM haiN| isa saMdarbha meM DA0 mohana lAla mehatA ke vicAra kucha isa prakAra haiMjaina AgamoM meM sat zabda kA prayoga dravya ke lakSaNa ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai| vahA~ dravya ko hI tattva kahA gayA hai aura sat ke svarUpa kA sArA varNana dravya-varNana ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai|11

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110 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana dravya ke bheda dravya ke vargIkaraNa ko lekara vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai, parantu sabhI vidvAn mukhya rUpa se dravya ke do bheda mAnate haiM- jIva aura ajiiv|12 caitanya dharmavAlA jIva kahalAtA hai tathA usake viparIta dharmavAlA ajiiv| isa taraha sampUrNa loka do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| caitanya lakSaNavAlA dravya-vizeSa jIva-vibhAga ke antargata A jAtA hai aura jisameM caitanyatA nahIM hai usakA samAveza ajIva vibhAga ke antargata ho jAtA hai| parantu jIva-ajIva ke bheda-prabheda karane para dravya ke chaH bheda ho jAte haiN| jIva-dravya arUpI hai arthAt jinheM indriyoM se na dekhA jA sake vaha arUpI hai, ata: jIva yA AtmA arUpI hai| ajIva ke bhI do bheda haiM- rUpI aura arUpI / rUpI ajIva dravya ke antargata pudgala A jAtA hai| arUpI ajIva dravya ke puna: cAra prakAra haiM- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, addhAsamaya (kaal)| isa prakAra dravya ke kula cha: bheda ho jAte haiM - jIva, pudgala, adharma, dharma, AkAza aura kaal|22 inameM prathama pA~ca astikAya dravya kahalAte haiM tathA kAla anastikAya hai| jIvadravya tattvArthasUtra meM jIva kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki upayoga jIva kA lakSaNa hai|14 upayoga kA artha hotA hai-bodhgmytaa| arthAt jIva meM bodhagamyatA hotI hai aura bodhagamyatA vahIM dekhI jAtI hai jahA~ cetanA hotI hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki cetanA jIva kA lakSaNa hai| yadi upayoga zabda kA vyAvahArika lakSaNa leM to bhI yahI jJAta hotA hai ki cetanA jIva kA lakSaNa hai| jisameM cetanA nahIM hogI vaha bhalA kisI cIja kI upayogitA ko kyA samajhegA? upayoga meM jJAna aura darzana sannihita hote haiN|15 upayoga ke do prakAra haiM- jJAnopayoga tathA drshnopyog| jJAna savikalpaka hotA hai| darzana nirvikalpaka hotA hai| ata: pahale darzana hotA hai phira isakA samAdhAna jJAna meM hotA hai arthAt viSayavastu kyA hai? yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai, tatpazcAt smaadhaan| jJAnopayoga jJAnopayoga ke do prakAra haiM-svabhAva jJAna tathA vibhAva jnyaan|16 jisa jJAna kA sambandha AtmA se hotA hai, jise indriya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI use svabhAva jJAna kahate haiN| ise hI kevalajJAna bhI kahate haiN| isa jJAna meM mithyAtva kI koI bhI AzaMkA nahIM rhtii| yaha jJAna kI pUrNatA kI sthiti hotI hai| vibhAva jJAna puna: do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hotA haisamyak-jJAna tathA mithyaajnyaan| samyak-jJAna ke nimnalikhita cAra bheda haiM -

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 111 matijJAna - jo jJAna indriya tathA mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai vaha matijJAna kahalAtA hai| yathA rUpa, raMga, svAda, gaMdha, Adi kA bodha honaa| zrutajJAna- AptapuruSa ke vacana sunane athavA zAstroM meM par3hane se jo jJAna prApta hotA hai use zrutajJAna kahate haiN| jaise mahAvIra ke vacana AgamoM meM milate haiN| avadhijJAna- AtmA se rUpI padArthoM kA pratyakSa jJAna avadhijJAna hai| manaHparyAya jJAna- mana ke vividha paryAyoM ko jAnanA mana:paryAya jJAna kahalAtA hai| mithyAjJAna ke bhI tIna prakAra haiM matyajJAna-mati sambandhI galata jJAna matyajJAna kahalAtA hai| azrutajJAna- zruta sambandhI galata jJAna azrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| vibhaMga jJAna- avadhi sambandhI galata jJAna ko vibhaMga jJAna kahate haiN| darzanopayoga darzanopayoga ke bhI do bheda hote haiM-svabhAvadarzana tathA vibhaavdrshn| svabhAvadarzana kA sambandha AtmA se hotA hai jo sahaja evaM svAbhAvika hotA hai, sAtha hI pratyakSa evaM pUrNa bhI hotA hai| ise kevaladarzana bhI kahA jAtA hai| vibhAvadarzana ke tIna bheda hote haiMcakSudarzana, acakSudarzana tathA avdhidrshn| cakSudarzana - cakSurindriya ke mAdhyama se jo nirvikalpa evaM nirAkAra bodha hotA hai use cakSudarzana kahate haiN| yathA-rAta meM bahuta dUra kucha dikhAI denA / jisameM aisA kucha bhI bodha nahIM hotA jisase yaha spaSTa ho ki kyA hai? acakSudarzana - cakSu ke alAvA jo indriyA~ haiM unase tathA mana se jo nirvikalpa evaM nirAkAra bodha hotA hai use acakSudarzana kahate haiN| yathA-dUra kI koI AvAja kA kAna taka phuNcnaa| kisakI AvAja hai? yaha jAnakArI nahIM hotI, parantu sirpha AvAja AtI hai| avadhidarzana - AtmA se rUpI padArthoM kA darzana honA avadhidarzana kahalAtA hai| isa taraha darzanopayoga ke kula cAra bheda hue-kevaladarzana, cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana aura avdhidrshn|

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112 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana jIva kA svarUpa jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra sabhI vastu meM guNa aura paryAya hote haiN| jIva meM bhI guNa aura paryAya haiN| cetanA jIva kA guNa hai aura jIva ke vibhinna rUpa usake paryAya haiN| paryAya kI vibhinna avasthAe~ bhAva kahI jAtI haiN| jIva ke pA~ca bhAva isa prakAra haiM-aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura paarinnaamik|17| aupazamika - upazama kA artha hotA hai-daba jaanaa| jaba sattAgata karma daba jAte haiM, unakA udaya ruka jAtA hai, phalasvarUpa jo Atmazuddhi hotI hai vaha aupazamika bhAva hai| yathA- pAnI meM milI huI gandagI kA bartana kI tala meM baiTha jaanaa| kSAyika - kSaya se kSAyika banA hai| karmoM ke pUrNata: kSaya ho jAne se jo Atmazuddhi hotI hai, vaha kSAyika bhAva hai| jisa prakAra pAnI se gandagI pUrNataH dUra ho jAtI hai aura pAnI svaccha ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra karmoM ke sarvAMzata: kSaya ho jAne se AtmA pUrNarUpeNa zuddha ho jAtI hai| isI sthiti ko kSAyikabhAva kahate haiN| kSAyopazamika - kSaya aura upazama ke saMyoga se kSAyopazamika bhAva banatA hai arthAt kucha karmoM kA kSaya ho jAnA aura kucha karmoM kA daba jaanaa| yathA-kodoM ko dho dene se usakI mAdakatA kama ho jAtI hai, kintu kucha mAdakatA raha hI jAtI hai| isa prakAra karmoM ke kSaya aura upazama se jo bhAva banatA hai vaha kSAyopazamika bhAva kahalAtA hai| ___ audayika - dabe hue karmoM kA udita ho jAnA audayika bhAva hai| jisa prakAra pAnI ke pAtra ke tala meM baiThI huI gaMdagI pAtra ke hila jAne se punaH Upara A jAtI hai| usI prakAra aupazamika bhAva phira se udita ho jAte haiM, kriyAzIla ho jAte haiN| pAriNAmika - svAbhAvika DhaMga se dravya ke pariNamana se jo bhAva banatA hai, vaha pAriNAmika bhAva kahalAtA hai| uparyukta pA~coM bhAva jIva ke svarUpa haiN| jIva ke sabhI paryAya ina bhAvoM meM se kisI na kisI bhAvavAle hI hote haiN| lekina pA~coM bhAva sabhI jIvoM meM eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate haiN| jIva ke vibhAga jIva ko mukhyata: do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai- saMsArI tathA mukt|18 jo jIva zarIra dhAraNa kara karmabandhana ke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatA hai vaha sAMsArika jIva kahalAtA hai aura jo sabhI prakAra ke karmabandhanoM se chUTa jAtA hai vaha mukta jIva kahalAtA hai| saMsArI jIva zarIra se bhinna nahIM hotA, yathA-dUdha meM pAnI, tila meM tela, ye eka se pratIta hote haiM, vaise hI saMsAra-dazA meM jIva aura zarIra eka lagate haiN| lekina ye

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 113 saMsArI AtmAe~ karmabaddha hone ke kAraNa aneka yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatI haiM, unakA phala bhogatI haiN|19 mukta AtmAoM kA ina sabase koI sambandha nahIM hotaa| unakA zarIra, zarIrajanya kriyA tathA janma aura mRtyu kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| ve AtmasvarUpa ho jAtI haiM, ataeva unheM sat-cit-Ananda kahA jAtA hai|20 ve sabhI karmoM ko tyAgakara lokAgra meM nivAsa karatI haiN| __ saMsArI jIva ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai- trasa aura sthaavr|21 jisameM gati hotI hai vaha trasa jIva kahalAtA hai aura jisameM gati nahIM hotI hai vaha sthAvara jIva kahalAtA hai| sthAvara jIvoM meM jala, agni, vAyu, pRthvI tathA vanaspati Ate haiN| ina sabhI meM ekendriya sparza bodha hotA hai|22 trasa jIvoM ke cAra prakAra hote haiM- do indriyavAle jIva, tIna indriyavAle jIva, cAra indriyavAle jIva aura pA~ca indriyavAle jiiv| do indriya prApta jIvoM ko sparza ke sAtha rasa kA bhI bodha hotA hai| inameM kRmi, jalauMkA Adi kI ginatI kI jAtI hai| tIna indriya prApta jIvoM ko sparza, rasa tathA gandha kA bodha hotA hai| inameM cIMTI, kuMthu, khaTamala Adi Ate haiN| cAra indriya prApta jIvoM ko sparza, rasa, gandha tathA rUpa kA bodha hotA hai| inameM bhaure, makkhI, biccha Adi Ate haiN| pA~ca indriya prApta jIvoM ko sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa tathA dhvani kA bodha hotA hai| inameM manuSya, pazu-pakSI, deva, nAraka ityAdi Ate haiN| manuSya ko mana hotA hai, ata: inheM samanaska kahate haiM tathA pazu, pakSI Adi binA manavAle hote haiM, ata: inheM amanaska kahate haiN| jIva ke janma-bheda jIva kI cAra gatiyA~ hotI haiM-manuSya, tiryaJca, deva aura nAraka tathA tIna janma hote haiM- sammUrchana, garbha tathA uppaat| mAtA-pitA ke binA hI utpatti sthAna meM sthita audArika pudgaloM ko sarvaprathama zarIra rUpa meM pariNata karanA sammUrchana janma kahalAtA hai| utpatti sthAna meM sthita zukra aura zoNita pudgaloM ko sarvaprathama zarIra ke lie grahaNa karanA garbhajanma kahalAtA hai| utpatti sthAna meM sthita vaikriya pudgaloM ko pahale-pahala zarIra rUpa meM pariNata karanA upapAta janma kahalAtA hai|23 jarAyuja, aNDaja, potaja Adi prANiyoM kA garbhajanma hotA hai aura nAraka devoM kA upapAta janma hotA hai| zeSa sabhI prANiyoM kA sammUrchana janma hotA hai| vAdideva sUri ke vicAra vAdidevasUri ne saMsArI AtmA ke svarUpa ko batAte hue kahA hai ki AtmA pratyAkSAdi pramANoM se pramANita, caitanyasvarUpa, pariNAmI, kartA, sAkSAta bhoktA, svadeha parimANa, pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna tathA paudgalika karmoM ke sAtha hotA hai|24

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114 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana AtmA pratyAkSAdi pramANoM se pramANita hotA hai . vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama ke dvArA AtmA kI sattA para saMzaya prakaTa karane para kahA hai"he gautama! yadi saMzayI hI nahIM ho to maiM hU~ yA nahIM huuN|" yaha saMzaya kahA~ se utpanna hotA hai? yadi tuma svayaM hI apane khuda ke viSaya meM sandeha kara sakate ho to phira kisameM saMzaya na hogaa|25 yahA~ pAzcAtya dArzanika DekATeM jaina darzana ke nikaTa pratIta hote haiN| AtmA cetanAyukta hai- nyAya-vaizeSika cetanA ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiN| naiyAyikoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra agni ke saMyoga se ghaTa meM lAla raMga utpanna ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra AtmA meM cetanA guNa utpanna hotA hai| icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha-duHkha, jJAna Adi AtmA ke guNa haiN|26 kintu jaina darzana to cetanA ko AtmA kA svabhAva mAnatA hai| ___ AtmA kUTastha hai - aisA bahuta se loga mAnate haiM, kintu jaina darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki jIva pariNAmI hotA hai| isameM parivartana hotA hai, kyoMki jIva meM guNa aura paryAya hote haiN| cetanA isakA guNa hai, kintu jIva meM jo baccA, yuvA, bUr3hI strI, puruSa Adi bhinnatAe~ dekhI jAtI haiM, ye saba jIva ke paryAya haiM, jo badalate rahate haiN| ata: yaha pariNAmI hai| AtmA kartA hai - jaina darzana ke anusAra jisa samaya hama jIva ko pariNAmI mAna lete haiM usI samaya vaha kartA bhI siddha ho jAtA hai| jIva ke sAtha kucha parivartana dekhe jAte haiM, jaise - vaha kabhI gAtA hai, kabhI rotA hai, kabhI baiThatA hai, kabhI sotA hai| yadi jIva yaha saba nahIM karatA hai to kauna karatA hai? ata: jIva kartA hai| AtmA bhoktA hai - jIva sukha-duHkha kA bhoga karatA hai| jIva svadeha parimANa hai - jIva apane ko zarIra ke anusAra vistRta athavA saMkucita karake rakhatA hai| karma ke anusAra use cIMTI kA zarIra mile athavA hAthI kA, donoM meM hI vaha raha letA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jIva meM cetanA ke sAtha-sAtha vistAra bhI hotA hai| AtmA pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna hai - jaisA ki advaitavedAnta kI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA eka AdhyAtmika tattva hai, jo eka hai| kintu mAyA yA bhrama ke kAraNa hameM aneka rUpoM meM dikhAI par3atI hai| yahA~ jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki yadi sabhI jIva eka hI hote to jo bhinnatAe~ hameM dekhane ko milatI haiM, anubhava karate haiM, yaha kaise hotA hai? koI rotA hai, koI ha~satA hai, koI gAtA hai ityaadi|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 115 AtmA paudgalika karmoM ke sAtha hotA hai - jaisA ki cArvAkI karma kI sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM krte| parantu jaina mAnyatAnusAra karma hai aura paudgalika hai| yaha jIva ke sAtha hotA hai| karmoM ke kAraNa hI sukha-du:kha Adi vibheda dekhe jAte haiN| karmoM se prabhAvita hokara hI jIva sAMsArika bandhana meM par3A rahatA hai aura karmoM se chUTa jAne para mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| ajIva jisameM bodhagamyatA, cetanA Adi kA abhAva hotA hai vaha ajIva kahalAtA hai| ajIva zabda se hI pratIta hotA hai ki jo kucha jIva meM haiM usakA abhAva honaa| ajIva ke cAra prakAra haiM- 1. dharma, 2. adharma, 3. AkAza, 4. pudgl| dharma - jo ajIva, pudgala Adi kI gati meM sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai use dharma tattva kahate haiN|27 jaise machalI pAnI meM svata: tairatI hai, kintu pAnI ke abhAva meM vaha kadApi nahIM taira sktii| yadi use usa sthAna para rakha diyA jAe jahA~ pAnI na ho to nizcita hI usakI gati ruka jaayegii| pAnI svayaM machalI ko tairane ke lie taiyAra nahIM karatA, phira bhI pAnI ke abhAva meM machalI taira nahIM sktii| yahI gati tattva hai| adharma - adharma agati athavA sthiti meM sahAyaka hotA hai|28 jIva aura pudgala jaba sthiti kI dizA meM pahu~canevAle hote haiM taba adharma unakI sahAyatA karatA hai| yaha sampUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta hotA hai| isake binA sthiti nahIM ho sakatI, jisa prakAra dharma ke binA gati nahIM ho sktii| calatA huA pathika chAyA ko dekhakara vizrAma karane lagatA hai| chAyA pathika ko bulAtI nahIM hai, phira bhI chAyA dekhakara pathika vizrAma karatA hai| isalie yahA~ chAyA sthiti kA yA agati kA kAraNa banatI hai| AkAza- avagAha yA avakAza denevAlA tattva AkAza kahalAtA hai|29 isameM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma tathA kAla Azraya pAte haiN| AkAza kA kAma anya sabhI ko Azraya denA hai| isake do bhAga haiM-lokAkAza tathA alokaakaash| AkAza ke jisa bhAga meM dharma-adharma tathA puNya evaM pApa ke phala nahIM hote use alokAkAza kahate haiN| pudgala - anya darzana jise jar3a tattva kahate haiM, jaina darzana meM vaha pudgala kahalAtA hai| pudgala zabda 'pud' aura 'gala' ke saMyoga se banA hai| jisameM pud kA artha hotA hai 'pUraNa' yA 'vRddhi' tathA gala kA artha hotA hai 'gln'| isa prakAra jo dravya pUraNa aura galana ke dvArA badalatA rahatA hai use pudgala kahate haiN| yaha rUpI hotA hai| isake cAra dharma hote haiM-sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura vrnn|31

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116 kAla parivartana kA jo kAraNa ho vaha addhAsamaya yA kAla kahalAtA hai| jaina granthoM meM kAla kI vyAkhyA do dRSTiyoM se kI gayI hai- vyavahAra aura prmaarth| pratyeka dravya parivartita hotA rahatA hai| parivartanoM ke hote hue bhI usakI jAti kA vinAza nahIM hotA / isa prakAra ke parivartana pariNAma kahalAte haiN| ina pariNAmoM kA jo kAraNa hai vaha kAla hai| yaha vyAvahArika dRSTi se kAla kI vyAkhyA hai| pratyeka dravya aura paryAya kI pratikSaNa bhAvI svasattAnubhUti vartanA hai| isa vartanA kA kAraNa kAla hai| yaha kAla kI pAramArthika vyAkhyA hai| jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana pudgala tathA AtmA mukta jIva kA sambandha pudgala se nahIM raha jAtA, kintu saMsArI jIva hamezA hI pudgala ke sAtha hotA hai, pudgala se prabhAvita hotA hai / saMsArI AtmA kA pudgala ke sAtha saMyoga isalie hotA hai ki karma paudgalika hai| karma kI paudgalikatA isa bAta se pramANita hotI hai ki jIva yA AtmA ko unase sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai aura jisakA anubhava hotA hai vaha paugalika hotA hai, jaise- khAdya padArtha / ataH AtmA aura pudgala kA sambandha anAdi hai| gommaTasAra ke jIvakANDa meM kahA gayA hai ki pudgala hI zarIra nirmANa kA kAraNa hai / 32 AhAraka vargaNA se audArika zarIra, vaikriya zarIra aura AhAraka zarIra tIna prakAra ke zarIra banate haiM tathA zvAsocchavAsa kA nirmANa hotA hai| manovargaNA se mana nirmANa hotA hai| karma vargaNA se kArmaNa zarIra banatA hai| zarIra, bhASA, mana Adi sabako jainAcAryoM ne bhautika tattva (pudgala) mAnA hai| 1 audArika zarIra - tiryaJca aura manuSya kA sthUla zarIra audArika zarIra kahalAtA hai / udara se yukta hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma audArika par3A hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jisa zarIra kA chedana - bhedana kiyA jA sake vaha audArika hai| rakta, mAMsa Adi isa zarIra ke lakSaNa hote haiN| vaikriya zarIra- devagati evaM narakagati meM utpanna honevAle jIva vaikriya zarIravAle hote haiN| vibhinna AkAroM meM parivartita honA, jaise- kabhI choTA, kabhI moTA, kabhI patalA Adi rUpoM ko dhAraNa karanA isa zarIra kI vizeSatA hotI hai| isameM rakta, mAMsa Adi kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai| AhAraka zarIra - munijanoM ko jaba kisI viSaya para sandeha hotA hai to ve usa dUra karane ke lie apanI vizeSa labdhi se choTA-sA zarIra dhAraNa kara lete haiN| sandeha ko

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 117 dUra taka jAnA aura zaMkA-samAdhAna karake puna: apane sthAna para A jAnA, isa zarIra kI vizeSatA hai| taijasa zarIra - yaha eka prakAra ke viziSTa pudgala paramANuoM (tejo vargaNA) se banatA hai| yaha audArika zarIra aura kArmaNa zarIra ke bIca kI eka Avazyaka kar3I hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM jo zarIra tejomaya hone se khAye hue AhAra Adi ke paripAka kA hetu aura dIpti kA nimitta ho vaha taijasa hai| anna pAcana kArya ke atirikta isakA anya kArya zApa aura anugraha bhI hai|32 / kArmaNa zarIra - yaha Antarika sUkSma zarIra hai jo mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika sabhI prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kA mUla hai| yaha ATha prakAra ke karmoM se banatA hai| uparyukta sabhI prakAra ke zarIra meM hama indriyoM dvArA mAtra audArika zarIra kA hI jJAna kara sakate haiN| bAkI ke zarIra itane sUkSma hote haiM ki hamArI indriyA~ unakA grahaNa nahIM kara sktiiN| koI vItarAgI hI unakA pratyakSa kara sakatA hai| ye zarIra uttarottara sUkSma hote haiN|4 taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra to pratyeka jIva ke sAtha rahate haiN| adhika se adhika eka sAtha cAra zarIra ho sakate haiN|35 jaba jIva ke tIna zarIra hote haiM to taijasa, kArmaNa aura audArika yA taijasa, kArmaNa aura vaikriya aura jaba cAra hote haiM to taijasa, kArmaNa, audArika aura vaikriya yA taijasa, kArmaNa, audArika aura AhAraka hote haiN| pA~ca zarIra eka sAtha nahI hote, kyoMki vaikriya labdhi aura AhAraka labdhi kA prayoga eka sAtha nahIM ho sakatA hai| karma siddhAnta karmavAda kA eka sAmAnya niyama hai-pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala ko bhoganA tathA nae karmoM kA upArjana krnaa| isI paramparA meM bandhA huA prANI jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, kintu prazna uThatA hai ki karmavAda meM kahIM para vyakti ko apanI svataMtratA ke upayoga kA bhI avasara milatA hai athavA vaha mazIna kI taraha pUrva karmoM ke phala ko bhogatA haA tathA naye karmabandha ko prApta karatA huA gatizIla rahatA hai| yadi prANI ko kahIM koI svataMtratA na ho aura vaha mazIna kI taraha hI karma ke dvArA cAlita ho taba to karmavAda aura niyativAda tathA puruSArthavAda meM antara kyA rahegA? kintu icchA-svAtaMtrya kA jisa rUpa meM nirUpaNa jaina paramparA meM huA hai vaha isa prakAra hai 1. kie karmoM kA phala kartA ko bhoganA hI par3atA hai| 2. pUrvakRta kiye karmoM ke phala ko vaha zIghra yA dera se bhoga sakatA hai|

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118 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 3. bAhya paristhiti evaM apanI Antarika zakti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue prANI nae karmoM kA upArjana roka sakatA hai| 4. kintu aisA bhI nahIM hai ki prANI ke mana meM jo Aye vahI kre| ina bAtoM se aisA lagatA hai ki karmavAda me icchA - svAtaMtrya to hai, kintu sImita hai| yahA~ niyativAda meM baMdhe hue vyakti kI taraha karmavAdI pUrNarUpeNa paratantra nahIM hai| karma kA svarUpa jaina paramparA meM karma ko pudgala paramANuoM kA piNDa mAnA gayA hai| karma vaha hai jisake kAraNa sAdhana tulya hone para bhI phala kA tAratamya athavA antara mAnava jagata meM dRSTigata hotA hai| usa tAratamya athavA vividhatA ke kAraNa kA nAma karma hai| pratyeka prANI kA sukha-duHkha tathA tat-sambandhI anyAnya avasthAeM usakI karma kI vicitratA evaM vividhatA para AdhArita hotI haiN| sampUrNa loka karmavargaNA tathA no- karmavargaNA ina donoM prakAra ke paramANuoM se pUrNa hai| jIva apane mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM se ina paramANuoM ko grahaNa karatA rahatA hai / mana, vacana, aura kAya kI pravRtti tabhI hotI hai jaba jIva ke sAtha karma sambaddha ho / jIva ke sAtha karma tabhI sambaddha hotA hai jaba mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti hotI hai| isa prakAra pravRtti se karma aura karma se pravRtti kI paramparA anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai| karma aura pravRtti ke isa kArya kAraNabhAva ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDarUpa karma ko dravyakarma tathA rAga- - dveSAdi rUpa pravRttiyoM ko bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai| dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kA kArya-kAraNa bhAva murgI aura aNDe ke samAna anAdi hai / 37 - karma kI paugalikatA anya paramparAoM meM karma ko saMsAra athavA vAsanA yA kriyA rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| kintu jaina darzana karma ko bhautika padArtha mAnatA hai / bhautika padArtha ke lie jaina matAvalambI pudgala zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| karma kI paudgalikatA kI puSTi ke lie jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa bhI prastuta kiye haiM 1. karma se AtmA para AvaraNa par3a jAtA hai aura vaha bandhana meM A jAtA hai| AtmA caitanya hotA hai| yadi karma bhI caitanya hotA to vaha AtmA kA guNa hotA, usake lie bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM bntaa| ataH karma bhautika hai, paugalika hai| 2. zarIra kA kAraNa karma hai / zarIra paugalika hotA hai| isalie usakA kAraNa bhI paugalika hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 3. karma mUrta hai, kyoMki vaha sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa hotA hai| bhojana Adi grahaNa karane se hameM sukha tathA zastra ke AghAta se du:kha hotA hai| bhojana tathA zastra mUrta hote haiN| isalie karma bhI mUrta hotA hai| kintu bhojana athavA zastrAdi se karma adhika balavAna hotA hai| vaha jIva ke sAtha cipaka jAtA hai| 4. indriyoM se jo bhI bodha prApta hote haiM, ve sabhI mUrta hote haiN| ata: unakA kAraNa karma bhI mUrta tathA paudgalika hotA hai| karma, AtmA tathA zarIra karma aura AtmA kA sambandha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai, kintu yahA~ eka AzaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki karma paudgalika evaM mUrta hotA hai tathA AtmA abhautika evaM amuurt| phira bhI donoM ke bIca sambandha hotA hai| yaha kaise? jaina darzana ke anusAra yoga karma aura AtmA ko sambandhita karatA hai| yoga tIna prakAra kA hai- manasA, vAcA aura krmnnaa| yoga kI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa hI karma AtmA kI ora AkarSita hotA hai aura usase cipaka jAtA hai| muni nathamala ke zabdoM meM-"amUrtajJAna para mUrta mAdaka dravya kA asara hotA hai, vaha amUrta ke sAtha mUrta kA sambandha hue binA nahI ho sktaa|" isase jAnA jAtA hai ki vikArI amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta kA sambandha hone meM koI Apatti nahIM aatii|8 jisa prakAra karma aura jIva kA sambandha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai usI prakAra karma aura zarIra kA sambandha bhI anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| ina donoM ke bIca vahI sambandha hai jo bIja aura aMkura ke madhya hotA hai| bIja se aMkura hotA hai tathA aMkura vikasita hokara bIja paidA karatA hai| isI prakAra karma ke kAraNa zarIra hotA hai aura zarIra ke kAraNa karma hotA hai| karmabandha ke hetu AtmA aura karma ke sambandha ke phalasvarUpa AtmA meM parivartana hotA hai, jise bandha kahate haiN| AtmA karma se sambandhita hotA hai, kintu kyoM donoM ke bIca sambandha sthApita hotA hai? isake lie darzanoM meM matabheda hai| bauddha darzana vAsanA yA saMskAra ko karmabandha kA kAraNa batAtA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ne mithyAjJAna ko karmabandha kA hetu mAnA hai| isI taraha sAMkhya ne yaha mAnA hai ki prakRti aura puruSa ko abhinna samajhane kA jJAna karmabandha hai| vedAnta darzana meM avidyA ko karmabandha kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda,kaSAya aura yoga ko karmabandha kA kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|

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120 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana zarIra dhAraNa karanevAlA jIva hI pramAda aura yoga ke kAraNa bandhana meM AtA hai| ataH pramAda aura yoga bandhana kA kAraNa hai| isI taraha sthAnAMga meM bhI kaSAya yAnI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ko karmabandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|39 karmabandha kI prakriyA aura prakAra ___ loka meM sarvatra karma-pudgala hote haiM, aisI jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai| jaba jIva mana, vacana aura kAya se kisI prakAra kI pravRtti karatA hai to usake anukUla karma-pudgala usakI ora AkarSita hote haiN| usakI pravRtti meM jitanI tIvratA yA mandatA hotI hai usake anusAra hI pudgaloM kI saMkhyA adhika yA kama hotI hai| isa karmabandha ke cAra prakAra mAne gaye haiM pradezabandha - jIva ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye karma-pudgaloM kA usake sAtha karma ke rUpa meM bandha jAnA pradezabandha kahalAtA hai| isako karma kA nirmANaka yA vyavasthAkaraNa mAnA gayA hai| prakRtibandha - pradezabandha meM karma-paramANuoM ke parimANa para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, kintu prakRti-bandha meM karma ke svabhAvAnukUla jIva meM jitane prakAra ke parivartana hote haiM unheM vivecita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha svabhAva vyavasthA hai| svabhAva yA kAryabheda ke kAraNa karmoM ke ATha bhAga banate haiM- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra tathA antraay| inake bhI bheda-upabheda dekhe jAte haiM jJAnAvaraNIya karma - isakI pA~ca uttara prakRtiyA~ hotI haiM- 1. matijJAnAvaraNa, 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNa, 3. avadhijJAnAvaraNa 4. mana:paryAyajJAnAvaraNa aura 5. kevljnyaanaavrnn| darzanAvaraNIya karma - isakI nau uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM- 1. cakSudarzanAvaraNa, 2.acakSudarzanAvaraNa, 3. avadhidarzanAvaraNa, 4. kevaladarzanAvaraNa 5. nidrA, 6. nidrAnidrA, 7. pracalA, 8. pracalA-pracalA aura (9) styaangRddhi| vedanIya karma - isakI do uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM- 1. sAtAvedanIya tathA 2. asaataavedniiy| mohanIya karma - isakI bhI mukhya do hI uttara prakRttiyA~ haiM- 1. darzana mohanIya tathA 2. cAritra mohniiy| darzana mohanIya ke tIna bheda hote haiM- (ka) samyaktva mohanIya (kha) mithyAtva mohanIya tathA (ga) mizra mohniiy| cAritra mohanIya ke do bheda hote haiM (ka) kaSAya mohanIya tathA (kha) nokaSAya mohanIyA kaSAya mohanIya ke cAra bheda haiM- krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobh| kaSAya kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke kAraNa ina cAra meM se pratyeka ke cAra bheda hote haiM- anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa tathA sNjvln| isa prakAra kaSAya

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 121 mohanIya ke 16 bheda ho jAte haiN| nokaSAya ke nau bheda hote haiM- hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda, npuNskved| ye kula milAkara mohanIya karma ke 28 bheda yA uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM- darzana mohanIya 3 + kaSAya mohanIya 16 + nokaSAya mohanIya 9 / AyuSyakarma- isakI uttara prakRtiyA~ cAra haiM- 1. devAyu, 2. manuSyAyu, 3. tiryaJcAyu tathA 4. nrkaayu| nAmakarma - isakI uttara prakRtiyA~ mukhyata: cAra haiM- 1. piNDa prakRtiyA~ 2. pratyeka prakRtiyA~ 3. trasa dazaka tathA 4. sthAvara dshk| inameM se pratyeka kI kramaza: 75, 8, 10 evaM 10 uttara prakRtiyA~ hotI haiN| ye kula milAkara 103 hotI haiN| gotrakarma - isakI ucca va nIca ye hI do prakRtiyA~ haiN| antarAyakarma - isakI pA~ca uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM- 1. dAnAntarAya, 2. lAbhAntarAya, 3. bhogAntarAya, 4. upabhogAntarAya tathA 5. viiryaantraay| sthitibandha - yaha karma kI kAla maryAdA ko iMgita karatA hai| koI bhI karma apanI kAla maryAdA ke anusAra hI kisI jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai| jaba usakA samaya samApta ho jAtA hai taba vaha jIva se alaga ho jAtA hai| yahI karmabandha kI sthiti hotI hai| anubhAga bandha- yaha karmaphala kI vyavasthA hai| kaSAyoM kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke anukUla hI karmoM ke phala bhI prApta hote haiN| kaSAyoM kI tIvratA se azubha karmaphala adhika evaM balavAna hote haiN| kaSAyoM kI mandatA se zubha karma-phala adhika evaM balavAna hote haiN| karmabandha kI ye cAra avasthAyeM sAtha hI hotI haiM, kintu AtmA aura karma ke sambandha ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue pradezabandha ko pahalA sthAna diyA gayA hai, kyoMki jaba taka karma aura AtmA sambandhita nahIM hoMge taba taka anya vyavasthAyeM saMbhava nahIM ho paayeNgii| karma kI vividha avasthAyeM bandhana, parivartana, sattA, udaya, kSaya ityAdi ke AdhAra para karma kI gyAraha avasthAe~ mAnI gayI haiM 1. bandhana- karma aura AtmA kA milakara eka rUpa ho jAnA bandhana hai| 2. sattA- bandha karma-paramANu usa samaya taka AtmA ke sAtha rahate haiM jaba taka nirjarA yA karmakSaya kI sthiti na A jaae| karma kA isa prakAra AtmA ke

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122 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAtha rahanA sattA hai| 3. udaya- karma kI vaha avasthA jaba vaha apanA phala detA hai, udaya hai| 4. udIraNA- niyata samaya se pahale karmaphala denA udIraNA hai| udvartanA- kaSAyoM kI tIvratA yA mandatA ke kAraNa usake phala meM vRddhi ho jAnA udvartanA hai| yaha utkarSaNa kI sthiti hai| 6. apavartanA- yaha avasthA udvartanA ke viparIta hai| sthiti vizeSa ke kAraNa karmaphala apavartanA kahalAtI hai| yaha apakarSaNa kI sthiti hai| saMkramaNa-eka prakAra ke karma-pudgaloM kI sthiti kA sajAtIya dUsare prakAra ke karma-pudgaloM kI sthiti meM parivartita ho jAnA saMkramaNa hai| upazamana-karma kI vaha avasthA jisameM udaya tathA udIraNA saMbhava nahIM hotI, upazamana hai| upazamana meM karma dabA huA rahatA hai| 9. nidhatti- isa avasthA meM yadyapi udvartanA yA apavartanA kI asaMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI, phira bhI udIraNA aura saMkramaNa kA abhAva rahatA hai| 10. nikAcana- karma jisa rUpa meM bandha huA usI rUpa meM use anivArya rUpa se bhoganA nikAcana kahalAtA hai| karmabandha kA chUTanA karmabandhana jIva dvArA kiye gaye prayAsa se chUTa bhI jAtA hai| isake lie jaina darzana meM ratnatraya-- samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna tathA samyak-cAritra kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai jinakI carcA pUrva ke adhyAya meM kI gayI hai| inake pAlana karane se jIva karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai aura mokSa kI upalabdhi karatA hai| karmabandha kI do sthitiyA~ haiM-Asrava tathA bndh| karma-pudgaloM kA jIva ke pAsa AnA Asrava hai tathA jIva ko prabhAvita kara denA bandhana hai| kintu isake bAda kI do sthitiyA~ mokSa se sambandhita haiM, ve haiM- saMvara aura nirjraa| jIva meM Ate hue nae karmoM ko rokanA saMvara hai aura Aye hue karmoM ko bhogakara samApta karanA arthAt kSaya karanA nirjarA hai| jIva isa avasthA meM kaivalya prApta karake sarvajJa ho jAtA hai, jo jIvanmukti kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM kucha karma raha jAte haiM jinake kAraNa jIva kA zarIra usake sAtha rahatA hai| jaba zarIra bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai taba jIva videhamukta yA pUrNa mukta ho jAtA hai| usakA karma se sambandha sadA-sadA ke lie chUTa jAtA hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 123 karma aura AtmA kA sambandha anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai| jo anAdi hotA hai usakA anta nahI hotaa| phira karmabandha se AtmA kisa prakAra chUTatI hai| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna karate hue muni nathamala kahate haiM anAdi kA anta nahIM hotA, yaha sAmudAyika niyama hai aura jAti se sambandha rakhatA hai, vyakti vizeSa para lAgU nahIM bhI hotaa| prAkbhAva anAdi hai, phira bhI usakA anta hotA hai| svarNa aura mRttikA, ghI aura dUdha kA sambandha anAdi hai phira bhI ve pRthak hote haiN| aise hI AtmA aura karma ke anAdi sambandha kA anta hotA hai| parantu yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki isakA sambandha pravAha kI apekSA anAdi hai, vyaktiza: nhiiN| AtmA se jitane karma pudgala cipaTate haiM, ve saba avadhi sahita hote haiM / koI bhI eka karma anAdikAla se AtmA ke sAtha ghula-milakara nahIM rhtaa| AtmA mokSocita sAmagrI pA, anAsrava bana jAtI hai, taba naye karmoM kA pravAha ruka jAtA hai, saMcita karma tapasyA dvArA TUTa jAte haiM, AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| isa taraha jaina cintakoM ne jIva aura ajIva ina do maulika tattvoM ke bIca sambandha mAnA hai| yahI sambandha jIva aura usake ananta catuSTayarUpa kA ghAta karatA hai aura vaha bandhana meM A jAtA hai| karma-padgala se yukta jIva manasA, vAcA, kAyA se karma karate haiM aura niraMtara karma-padgala kA bandhana karate rahate haiN| yoga ke dvArA isa karmabandha kI prakriyA ko rokakara pana: zuddhabhAva ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| karmabandha ko rokanA evaM karmakSaya kI prakriyA ko apanAnA tabhI sambhava hai jaba vyakti ina avadhAraNAoM ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha ske| bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra tattvamImAMsA dArzanikoM ke lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa viSaya rahA hai, parantu bhagavAn buddha prAya: isake prati udAsIna rahe haiM / isakA yaha artha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha vicAraNA meM tattvamImAMsA sambandhI cintana nahIM huA hai| unakA sampUrNa dArzanika cintana cAra Arya satya para AdhArita hai aura usI Arya satya meM tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNA bhI sanihita hai| Arya satya bhagavAn buddha ne jina bAtoM ko jIvana ke lie upayogI samajhA unheM Arya satya ke nAma se sambodhita kiyaa| ve mahAparinibbAnasutta meM kahate haiM - bhikSuoM! ina cAra AryasatyoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti na jAna pAne ke kAraNa hI merA aura tumhArA saMsAra meM janma-maraNa aura daur3anA dIrghakAla se jArI rhaa| isa AvAgamana ke cakra meM hama sabhI duHkha bhogate rahe, vibhinna yoniyoM meM bhaTakate rhe| aba isakA jJAna ho gyaa| duHkha kA samUla vinAza ho gayA, aba AvAgamana nahIM honA hai| 2 'Arya-satya' nAma kI sArthakatA para prakAza DAlate hue

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana candrakIrti ne kahA hai ki jina satyoM ko kevala Arya hI samajhate haiM, unheM Arya kahate haiN| Arya kauna hote haiM? isake sambandha meM AcArya vasubandhu ne abhidharmakozabhASya meM kahA hai ki ve A~kha kI taraha hote haiM jinheM choTe se kaSTa kA bhI anubhava hotA hai, jaise A~kha meM Una kI eka choTI kaNikA par3a jAne se hI use kaSTa pahu~catA hai| anya loga hathelI kI taraha hote haiM jinheM bar3A se bar3A kaSTa bhI udvigna nahI kara paataa| hathelI para eka kaNikA kyA balki moTA-sA dhAgA bhI par3A ho to use kyA kaSTa hogA ? 43 124 Arya satya cAra haiM, jinakA prathama upadeza bhagavAn buddha ne sAranAtha meM apane pA~ca ziSyoM ko diyA thaa| cAra Arya satya nimna haiM 1. sarva duHkham saMsAra duHkha se paripUrNa hai| duHkha ke kAraNa haiN| duHkhoM kA nAza saMbhava hai| 4. duHkha nirodhagAminI pratipada duHkha nAza ke upAya | ye cAra Arya satya hI tathAgata-dharma aura darzana ke mUlAdhAra haiN| aisI mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne ina satyoM ko sarvaprathama saMsAra ke sAmane prastuta kiyA, parantu vyAsabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se AyA hai ki adhyAtmazAstra cikitsAzAstra kI taraha caturvyUha hai / jisa prakAra cikitsAzAstra meM roga, roga hetu, Arogya arthAt roga kA nAza tathA bhaiSajya arthAt roga ko dUra karane kI davA hai, usI prakAra adhyAtmazAstra meM bhI saMsAra yAnI duHkha, saMsAra - hetu yAnI duHkha ke kAraNa, mokSa yAnI duHkha kA nAza tathA mokSopAya- ye cAra satya batAye gaye haiN| ** jisa prakAra vaidya apanI davA ke prayoga se rogI ke rogoM kA nAza kara dete haiM, usI prakAra tattvajJAnI bhI upAya batalAkara saMsAra ke duHkhoM kA nAza kara dete haiM, vaidyakazAstra kI isa samatA ke kAraNa hI buddha mahAbhiSaka vaidyarAja kahe gaye haiN| *5 prathama Arya satya-saMsAra duHkha se paripUrNa hai 2. duHkha samudaya 3. duHkha nirodha - saMsAra meM cAroM ora duHkha hI duHkha vyApta hai| janma lenA duHkha hai, bur3hApA duHkha hai, zoka duHkha hai, vilApa karanA duHkha hai, pIr3A honA duHkha hai, cintita honA, vyagra honA, parezAna honA duHkha hai, icchA kI pUrti na honA duHkha hai, priya se viyoga duHkha hai, apriya kA saMyoga duHkha hai| saMkSepa meM yadi kahA jAe to paMca upAdAna yA zarIra hI duHkha hai| *6 ata: yaha saMsAra bhava-jvAlA se pradIpta bhavana ke samAna hai, parantu mUr3ha-jana isake svarUpa ko na jAnakara hI taraha-taraha ke bhoga-vilAsa kI sAmagrI ekatra karate haiN| parizrama se paidA kI gayI bhoga sAmagrI sukha to kyA duHkha hI paidA karatI hai| dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 125 yaha saMsAra jalate hue bhavana ke samAna hai, taba isameM ha~sI kyA ho sakatI hai?47 ata: buddha ne isa saMsAra meM prathama satya ke rUpa meM duHkha ko pratipAdita kiyaa| yaha vaha duHkha hai jise sAdhAraNajana pratidina anubhava karate haiM, parantu usase udvigna nahIM hote| usake sAmane sira jhukAkara khar3e ho jAte haiN| kintu vivekI puruSa kI dRSTi meM yaha saMsAra du:khamaya hai| dvitIya Arya satya-duHkha ke kAraNa haiM duHkha kI utpatti sakAraNa hai, akAraNa nhiiN| saMsAra meM aisI koI bhI ghaTanA nahIM hotI jisakA koI kAraNa na ho| pratyeka kArya kA koI na koI kAraNa hotA hai aura pratyeka kAraNa kArya hotA hai| isI kArya-kAraNa niyama-sUtra meM sArA saMsAra bandha hai| ataH yadi duHkha kI sattA hai to phira isakA kAraNa bhI hogaa| du:kha ke kAraNa para prakAza DAlate hue bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki he bhikSuoM! duHkha samudaya dUsarA Arya satya hai| duHkha kA vAstava hetu tRSNA hai jo bArambAra prANiyoM ko utpanna karatI hai, viSayoM ke rAga se yukta hai tathA una viSayoM kA abhinandana karanevAlI hai| yahA~ aura vahA~ sabhI jagahoM para apanI tRpti khojatI rahatI hai| yaha tRSNA tIna prakAra kI hai- kAmatRSNA, bhavatRSNA tathA vibhvtRssnnaa| kAmatRSNA - jo tRSNA nAnA prakAra ke viSayoM kI kAmanA karatI hai| bhavatRSNA - isa saMsAra kI sattA banAye rakhanevAlI tRSNA bhavatRSNA hai| vibhavatRSNA- vibhava kA abhiprAya hotA hai saMsAra kA naash| saMsAra ke nAza kI icchA usI prakAra duHkha utpanna karatI hai, jisa prakAra usake zAzvata hone kI abhilaassaa| tRSNA kA samAveza dvAdazanidAna meM hI ho jAtA hai| buddha ne da:kha ke kAraNoM kI eka lambI zrRMkhalA prastuta kI hai jise duHkha-samudaya kA bAraha aMga kahA jAtA hai| jo nimnalikhita hai 1. avidyA- avidyA kA artha hotA hai- vidyA kA abhAva arthAt ajnyaan| Arya satyoM ke jJAna kA abhAva hI sahI mAyane meM ajJAna hai, jisake kAraNa manuSya duHkhada ko sukhada, vinAzI ko avinAzI tathA anAtma ko Atma samajha baiThatA hai| parantu jaba vastuoM ke duHkhada, vinAzI aura anAtma rUpa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai to vyakti kA vastu ke prati moha bhaMga ho jAtA hai| ajJAna se moha aura moha se mamatA utpanna hotI hai| ata: ajJAna yA avidyA hI sabhI anarthoM kI jar3a hai| 2. saMskAra- pUrvajanma ke karmoM kA jo prabhAva vartamAna jIvana taka AtA hai use saMskAra kahate haiN| tAtparya hai saMskAra pUrvajanma kI karmAvasthA hai jisake kAraNa hamane pApapuNya rUpa karma kiye aura pariNAmasvarUpa acchA yA burA phala bhoga rahe haiN| karma ke AdhAra

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126 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana para saMskAra ke tIna vibhAjana kiye gaye haiM- kAya-saMskAra, mana-saMskAra aura vaak-sNskaar| saMskAra kI utpatti yathArtha jJAna ke abhAva ke kAraNa hotI hai| 3. vijJAna - vyakti pUrvajanma ke karmoM ke anusAra mAtA ke garbha meM Akara sarvaprathama caitanya kI avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| caitanya prApti kI yaha avasthA hI vijJAna hai| vijJAna saMskAra ke kAraNa hotA hai| 4. nAmarUpa - garbha-kSaNa se lekara zArIrika aura mAnasika avasthAoM kI racanA kA samaya hI nAmarUpa kahalAtA hai| ise mAtA ke garbha meM pratisandhi kI avasthA bhI kahate haiN| nAmarUpa vijJAna ke kAraNa hotA hai| 5. SaDAyatana - pA~ca indriya aura eka mana SaDAyatana kahalAtA hai| yaha usa avasthA kA sUcaka hai jaba bhrUNa mAtA ke garbha se bAhara AtA hai, usake aMga-pratyaMga bilkula taiyAra ho jAte haiM, parantu abhI taba vaha unheM prayukta nahIM krtaa| SaDAyatana nAmarUpa ke kAraNa hotA hai| 6. sparza - yaha indriya aura viSaya ke samparka yA saMyoga kI avasthA hai| yaha zaizava kI vaha avasthA hai jaba zizu bAhya jagata ke padArthoM ke sAtha samparka meM AtA hai| vaha apanI indriyoM ke prayoga se bAharI viSayAnubhUti kI avasthA ko samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai, kintu spaSTa jJAna nahIM hotA hai| sparza SaDAyatana ke kAraNa hotA hai| 7. vedanA - anubhava karane kA nAma hI vedanA hai| indriya aura viSayoM ke samparka se hameM anubhava prApta hotA hai| yaha zizu kI vaha dazA hai jaba vaha pA~ca-chaha varSoM ke anantara sukha-duHkha kI bhAvanA se paricita hotA hai| sparza se bAhya jagata kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura vedanA se antarjagata kA jJAna jAgrata hotA hai| dasa varSa taka bAlaka ke zarIra va mana kI prakRtiyA~ bar3hatI haiM, parantu abhI use viSaya sukhoM kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| sukha-duHkha, na sukha, na duHkha isakI tIna avasthAe~ haiN| vedanA sparza se utpanna hotI hai| 8. tRSNA - yaha viSayoM ke prati Asakti hai| hamArI indriyoM kA jaba viSayoM se samparka hotA hai to hama sukhakara viSayoM ko grahaNa karanA cAhate haiM tathA du:khakara viSayoM kA tyAga karanA cAhate haiN| isake tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM- kAmatRSNA, bhavatRSNA tathA vibhvtRssnnaa| jisakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| bauddha darzana ke anusAra ye tIna AsaktiyA~ mukhya haiN| isa AsaktiyoM ke kAraNa hI manuSya laukika evaM pAralaukika sukha ke pIche daur3atA hai| viSaya bhoga meM vaha thakatA nhiiN| antata: viSaya hI vyakti kA bhoga kara

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 127 jAtA hai| bhoga ke prati lipsA hI tRSNA hai tathA isakA kSaya hI nirvANa hai| saccAsukha to bhoga se virakta hone meM hai| tRSNA vedanA ke kAraNa hotI hai| 9. upAdAna - upAdAna kA artha hotA hai tRSNA kI bhultaa| yuvaka kI bIsa yA tIsa kI avasthA meM viSaya kI kAmanA prabala-icchAoM kI paripUrti ke lie udyoga karatA hai| yahI upAdAna hai / upAdAna tRSNA ke kAraNa hotA hai| manuSya cAra prakAra ke upAdAnoM ko grahaNa karatA hai-kAmopAdAna, dRSTiyupAdAna, zIlopAdAna, aatmopaadaan| 10. bhava - yaha vaha avasthA hai jaba Asakti ke vaza meM hokara manuSya vibhinna prakAra ke bhale-bure karmoM kA anuSThAna karatA hai| inhIM karmoM ke kAraNa manuSya ko nayA janma milatA hai| navIna janma kA kAraNa vartamAna jIvana meM sampAdita kAryakalApa hI hotA hai| pUrvajanma ke saMsAra ke samAna hI 'bhava' hotA hai| yahI punarjanma hai| yaha cakra anAdi evaM anavarata calatA rahatA hai| bhava upAdAna ke kAraNa hotA hai| isakA anta hI nirvANa hai| 11. jAti - jAti arthAt jnm| bhaviSya janma meM manuSya kI vaha dazA jaba vaha mAtA ke garbha meM AtA hai aura apane duSkRta yA sukRta phaloM ko bhogane kI yogyatA pAtA hai| ata: jAti ko paMcaskandhoM ke sphuraNa kI avasthA mAnA gayA hai| yahI vyakti kA vastuta: zarIra dhAraNa hai| bhava aura jAti meM bar3A sUkSma bheda hai| bhava pUrvajanma ko grahaNa karanA hai| vyakti bhava cakra meM par3akara zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| isI zarIra dhAraNa karane kI kriyA kA nAma jAti hai| yaha bhava ke kAraNa hotA hai| 12. jarA-maraNa - utpanna skandhoM ke paripAka kA nAma 'jarA' tathA usake vinAza kA nAma 'maraNa' hai| yadi hama sAmAnya taura para kaheM to jarA kA artha bur3hApA hai aura maraNa kA artha hai mRtyu| jo janma letA hai. vaha bur3hApA ko prApta hotA hai tathA eka dina maratA hai| janma lene ke bAda usake aMgoM-pratyaMgo kA nirmANa hotA hai tathA nirmANa ke bAda kSaya prArambha ho jAtA hai| yahI kSaya yA vinAza jarA kahalAtI hai| isa taraha janma aura maraNa kI dhArA nirantara calatI rahatI hai| yahI bandhana hai, isase chuTakArA pAnA hI mokSa hai| isa prakAra samajhanA cAhie ki sabhI duHkhoM kA kAraNa avidyA hai| avidyA se jarAmaraNa taka bAraha kar3iyA haiM, jinameM avidyA aura saMskAra kA sambandha pUrvajanma se hotA hai tathA jAti aura jarA-maraNa kA sambandha bhaviSya jIvana se hotA hai| zeSa ATha vartamAna janma se sambandhita hote haiN| inakI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para inheM dvAdazanidAna kahate haiN| bhava yAnI saMsAra kI sArI gatividhiyA~ inhIM para AdhArita hotI haiN| isIlie inheM bhava cakra kahate haiN| inheM pratItyasamutpAda bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki bAraha kar3iyoM meM se eka ke bAda dUsarI

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128 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke utpanna hone kI prakriyA dekhI jAtI hai| isa 'bhava-cakra' ko bauddhAnuyAyI mAlA banAkara ghUmAte rahate haiM tAki saMsAra kI nazvaratA hamezA dhyAna meM rhe| uparyukta varNita dvAdazanidAna janma-maraNa cakra kA hI nAma pratItyasamutpAda hai jo bauddha darzana kA AdhArapITha hai| pratItyasamutpAda kA artha hotA hai- sApekSa kaarnntaavaad| pratItya arthAt kisI vastu kI prApti hone para aura samutpAda arthAt anya vastu kI utpatti yAnI kisI vastu kI prApti hone para anya vastu kI utpatti pratItyasamutpAda hai| mAdhyamikavRtti meM kahA gayA hai-isa cIja ke hone para yaha cIja hotI hai arthAt jagata kI vastuoM yA ghaTanAoM meM sarvatra yaha kArya-kAraNa kA niyama jAgaruka hai|9 tAtparya yaha hai ki kAraNa ke rahane se hI kArya hogA arthAt avidyA ke rahane para hI saMskAra hogaa| saMskAra ke rahane se hI vijJAna hogA aura vijJAna ke rahane se hI naamruup| isa prakAra janma grahaNa karane se hI jarA tathA maraNa hogaa| ata: saMsAra meM jo bhI kArya hai vaha akAraNa nahIM hai, kisI bhI ghaTanA kI utpatti svata: nahIM hotii| sabakA honA pratyaya yA kAraNa ke adhIna hai| ata: pratyaya yA kAraNa kA sidvAnta hI pratItyasamutpAda hai| pratItyasamutpAda ke mahattva para prakAza DAlate hue DaoN sAmtAnI ne kahA hai- pratItyasamutpAda kA niyama aTala aura amiTa hai| saMsAra ke sabhI tattva niyama ke vazIbhUta haiN| bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ina tInoM hI kAloM meM yaha niyama nirbAdha lAgU hotA hai| yaha anAdi aura ananta hai|50 _pratItyasamutpAda kI zrRMkhalA kA prArambha avidyA se hotA hai, ata: avidyA sarvathA vicAraNIya pratyaya hai| avidyA ke kAraNa hI prANiyoM kA nAnA yoniyoM meM saMsaraNa, AvAgamana hotA hai| kintu janma-mRtyu kA mUla kAraNa ekamAtra avidyA hI hai aisA spaSTa ullekha kahIM nahIM milatA hai / AcArya buddhaghoSa ne kahA hai ki prakRtivAdiyoM (sAMkhyAcAryo) kI prakRti ke samAna avidyA loka kA mUla kAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki avidyA ke Arambha kA patA nahIM calatA, jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sake ki isake pahale avidyA na thI, isake bAda vaha utpanna huii51| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki buddha ne AdikAla kI khoja kA prayatna hI nahIM kiyA aura cAra Arya satya sambandhI ajJAna rUpI avidyA ko mAnava kI duHkha paramparA kI jAnanI ghoSita kara diyaa| isa prakAra avidyA aura tRSNA se saMcAlita manuSya nAnA yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai, kintu avidyA ke naSTa hone se tRSNA bhI svayaM naSTa ho jAtI hai evaM saMskAra bhI anutpAdaka ho jAte haiN| isa taraha bhavacakra kI paramparA vighaTita ho jAtI hai| pratItyasamutpAda para hI bauddha darzana ke anya siddhAnta bhI AdhArita haiM, yathA-anAtmavAda, kSaNabhaMgavAda, zUnyavAda aadi|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 129 tRtIya Aryasatya - duHkhoM kA nAza saMbhava hai jaba duHkha ke kAraNa kI jAnakArI ho jAtI hai taba to yaha samajhanA hI cAhie ki kAraNoM ke nAza ho jAne para duHkha kA bhI nAza honA saMbhava hai| duHkha nAza kI sthiti ko hI duHkha-nirodha kahate haiM / yahI nirvANa hai| isa avasthA ko prApta karane se janma kA srota banda ho jAtA hai| srota ke banda hone se saMsAra sarvadA ke lie chUTa jAtA hai| zarIra dhAraNa karane se hI duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, parantu jaba zarIra dhAraNa kI prakriyA hI samApta ho jAtI hai to zarIra evaM saMsArajanya kleza kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| jaisA ki hamalogoM ne Upara dekhA ki avidyA se saMskAra, saMskAra se vijJAna, vijJAna se nAmarUpa, nAmarUpa se SaDAyatana, SaDAyatana se sparza, sparza se vedanA, vedanA se tRSNA, tRSNA se upAdAna, upAdAna se bhava, bhava se jAti, jAti se jarA - maraNa yAnI duHkha kI utpatti hotI hai| yadi hama ise nirodha karane kI dRSTi se dekheM to avidyA ke nirodha se saMskAra kA nirodha hotA hai, saMskAra ke nirodha se vijJAna kA nirodha hotA hai, vijJAna ke nirodha se nAmarUpa kA nirodha hotA hai, nAmarUpa ke nirodha se SaDAyatana kA nirodha hotA hai, SaDAyatana ke nirodha se sparza niruddha hotA hai, sparza ke nirodha se vedanA niruddha ho jAtI hai, vedanA ke nirodha se tRSNA niruddha hotI hai, tRSNA ke nirodha se upAdAna kA nirodha hotA hai, upAdAna ke nirodha se bhava niruddha ho jAtA hai, bhava ke nirodha se jAti niruddha ho jAtI hai aura jAti ke nirodha se jarA-maraNa niruddha ho jAtA hai / yahI duHkhanirodha kA krama batAyA gayA hai| isa nirodha kI avasthA kA nAma hI nirvANa hai| nirvANa prAptakara manuSya janma grahaNa nahIM karatA, amara ho jAtA hai| tRSNA ke nAza ho jAne se isI jIvana meM, jIvita kAla meM hI manuSya usa avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai jise nirvANa nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| caturtha Aryasatya - duHkhanAza ke upAya yaha nirvANa-mArga hai| buddha ke samaya aneka prakAra kI vicAradhArAe~ pravAhita ho rahI thiiN| unheM dekhate hue tathA sAdhanA ke samaya prApta vibhinna anubhavoM ke AdhAra para buddha ne madhyamamArga kA pratipAdana kiyaa| duHkha se mukta hone ke lie vyakti ko do mArgoM kA tyAga karanA cAhie 1. AtmA ko nitya samajhakara nAnA prakAra ke sukhoM kI kAmanA karanA tathA 2. zarIra kI avahelanA karake arthAt tapa kI prakriyA meM zarIra ko kSINa karake nirvANa prApta karane kA prayAsa / ina do antoM kA tyAga kara bIca ke mArga ko apanAnA hI buddha kA upadeza thA jise unhoMne aSTAMgika mArga ke nAma se udbodhita kiyaa| isake ATha aMga nimnalikhita haiM

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana samyak - dRSTi, samyak-saMkalpa, samyak vAk, samyak karmAnta, samyak - AjIva, samyak- vyAyAma, samyak smRti, samyak - samAdhi / ina sabakI carcA pUrva ke adhyAya meM kI jA cukI hai| anAtmavAda 130 53 bhagavAn buddha anAtmavAdI the / arthAt AtmA ke astitva meM unakA vizvAsa nahIM thaa| unhoMne AtmA kI sattA kI avahelanA karate hue majjhimanikAya meM kahA hai ki jo yaha merI AtmA anubhava karanevAlI hai, anubhava kA viSaya hai aura jahA~-tahA~ apane bure karmoM ke viSayoM ko anubhava karatI hai, yaha merI AtmA nitya, dhruva, zAzvata tathA aparivartanazIla hai, ananta varSoM taka vaisI hI rahegI- he bhikSuoM! yaha bhAvanA bilkula bAladharma hai / 52 hama jise nitya, dhruva, zAzvata aura aparivartanazIla samajhate haiM, vaha anitya, adhruva, azAzvata aura parivartanazIla hai| rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna sAre dharma anAtma haiN| itanA hI nahIM buddha ne cakSu Adi indriyA~, unake viSaya, unase honevAle jJAna, mana, mAnasika dharma aura manovijJAna Adi sabako anitya, duHkhAtmaka tathA anAtma ghoSita kiyA hai| para, mana meM savAla utpanna hotA hai ki 'AtmA' jise nitya dhruva mAnA gayA use buddha ne anAtma ghoSita kiyA, Akhira kyoM ? isakI spaSTatA bhagavAn buddha aura bhikSu baccagotta ke bIca huI vArtAlApa se hotI hai| eka samaya baccagotta ne pUchA- bhagavan ! prakRti kisa taraha sthita hai- kyA AtmA hai ? yaha sunakara buddha cupa raha gye| taba baccagotta ne prazna pUchA-bhagavan! kyA AtmA nitya hai ? buddha punaH cupa hI rhe| buddha ko cupa rahate dekhakara 'baccagotta to calA gayA, kintu unake ziSyoM meM zreSTha Ananda ne buddha se unake mauna rahane kA kAraNa puuchaa| taba buddha ne kahA- he Ananda ! yadi maiM yaha uttara detA ki AtmA nitya hai, to isase una zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM ke siddhAnta kA samarthana hotA jo sthiratA yA nityatA meM vizvAsa karate haiN|.. .......... yadi maiM yaha kahatA ki AtmA nahIM hai to una zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM ke siddhAnta kA samarthana hotA hai jo zUnyavAda meM vizvAsa karate haiM / 54 dUsarA AcArya nAgArjuna ne kahA hai ki jo AtmA ko dekhatA hai usI puruSa kA 'ahaM' ke lie sadA sneha banA rahatA hai, sneha se tRSNA utpanna hotI hai jo doSoM ko r3haka letI hai| guNadarzI puruSa isa vicAra se ki 'viSaya mere haiM', sAdhanoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / ata: jaba taka yaha AtmAbhiniveza hai taba taka yaha saMsAra hai / AtmA ke rahane para hI 'para' kA jJAna hotA hai| 'sva' aura 'para' ke vibhAga se rAga-dveSa kI utpatti hotI hai aura rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa hI samasta doSa utpanna hote haiN| ataH inako haTAne se hI sabhI doSoM kA nirAkaraNa ho sakatA hai 55 | isa taraha buddha ne sarva anAtma kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA hai aura AtmA ko sabhI

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 131 doSoM kA mUla batAyA hai| parantu bhagavAn buddha ke anAtmavAda se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki unhoMne AtmA kI sattA kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA hai| unhoMne nitya, zAzvata, dhruva aura aparivartanazIla AtmA kI sattA kA niSedha karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA koI nitya kUTastha vastu nahIM hai, balki khAsa kAraNoM se, skandhoM ke yoga se utpanna eka zakti hai jo anya bAhya bhUtoM kI bhA~ti utpanna evaM vilIna hotI rahatI hai| unhoMne dIpazikhA kA udAharaNa dekara ise spaSTa kiyA hai| hama samajhate haiM ki eka dIpaka rAtabhara jalatA rahatA hai, parantu vastusthiti yaha hotI hai ki pahale prahara kI dIpazikhA jo samApta ho cukI rahatI hai, se dUsare prahara kI dIpazikhA bhinna hotI hai| isa prakAra dIpazikhA pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI hai, para hameM eka-sI pratIta hotI hai| ThIka yahI bAta AtmA ke sAtha lAgU hotI hai| AtmA, jIva, sattA, pudgala, mana, citta, vijJAna Adi zabda eka-dUsare ke paryAyavAcI tathA samAnArthaka haiN| bauddhAnuyAyI AtmA ke lie vizeSa zabda 'santAna' zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| yadyapi buddha ne AtmA kI svataMtra evaM nitya sattA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne mAnasika vRttiyoM ko saharSa svIkAra kiyA hai| hamArI mAnasika vRttiyA~ jaise-A~kheM koI khaTTI cIja dekhatI haiM aura jihvA se pAnI Tapakane lagatA hai, nAka durgandha sUMghatI hai aura hAtha nAka para pahu~ca jAtA hai| jabaki hama jAnate haiM ki A~kha aura jihvA eka-dUsare se bhinna haiM phira bhI ve kisI na kisI rUpa meM mile hue haiM, eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiN| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki donoM ko milAnevAlA koI tIsarA hai aura vaha hai-mn| mana evaM mAnasika vRttiyoM se hI AtmA kA patA calatA hai| isa prakAra buddha ne AtmA kI vyAvahArika sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai jo rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra tathA vijJAna Adi paMcaskandhoM kA samudAyamAtra hai| inhIM paMcaskandhoM ko hama AtmA ke nAma se pukArate haiN| rUpa ke antargata paMca jJAnendriya, paMca vijJapti aura inase sambandhita viSaya Ate haiN| sukha-duHkha evaM udAsIna bhAva vedanA ke antargata Ate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiM ki priya vastu ke saMsarga se sukha tathA apriya vastu ke saMsarga se duHkha Adi kI prApti se citta kI jo vizeSa avasthA hotI hai, vahI vedanA hai| kisI vastu ke viSaya meM jo nizcita jJAna hotA hai usake guNoM ke AdhAra para hama usakA nAmakaraNa karate haiM, vahI saMjJA hai| saMjJA kA kArya saMjJAnana yA pahacAna karAnA hai| hameM nIla, pIta, rakta, zveta Adi rUpa se vastu kA saMjJAnana hotA hai, yahI saMjJA hai| saMskAra ke antargata mAnasika zaktiyA~ AtI haiM jo rUpa, vedanA aura saMjJA ke bIca sAmaMjasya utpanna karatI haiN| saMskAra ke tIna prakAra haiM- kAya-saMskAra, vAk-saMskAra aura citt-sNskaar| kAyika dharma, AzvAsa-prazvAsa Adi kAya-saMskAra hai| vitarka, vicAra hI vacana yA vAk-saMskAra hai| saMjJA aura vedanA citta-saMskAra kahalAtI hai| vijJAna meM bAhya evaM AbhyaMtara arthAt bAhya vastuoM kA jJAna

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132 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana tathA 'ahaM' ke jJAna kA samAveza hotA hai| uparyukta pA~ca skandhoM ke saMghAta ke kAraNa hI manuSya yA AtmA kA bodha hotA hai| saMghAt rUpI AtmA ke viSaya meM bhadanta nAgasena ne rAjA milinda ko ratha kA udAharaNa dekara bahuta hI sugamatA se samajhAyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai- rAjA milinda ne bhadanta nAgasena se pUchA ki Apake brahmacArI ApakoM nAgasena nAma se pukArate haiM, to yaha nAgasena kyA hai? kyA ye keza nAgasena hai? kyA royeM nAgasena haiM? isI taraha tamAma savAla rAjA milinda ne nAgasena se kiye| jisake javAba meM nAgasena ne saMghAtavAda ko sAmane rakhate hue rAjA se pUchA-rAjan kyA Apa paidala calakara Aye haiM yA ratha para savAra hokara ? rAjA ne uttara diyaa-bhnte| maiM paidala nahIM ratha para AyA huuN| taba bhadanta ne nAgasena se pUchA-ratha kyA hai? kyA dhurI ratha hai? kyA cakke ratha haiM? kyA rassI ratha hai aadi-aadi| sabhI kA javAba rAjA ne nakArAtmaka rUpa meM diyaa| taba nAgasena ne kahA-rAjana! jisa prakAra cakkA, dhurI Adi alaga-alaga rUpa meM ratha nahIM haiM, balki sabhI kA samanvita rUpa ratha hai, usI prakAra na to rUpa AtmA hai, na vedanA Adi hI, balki paMcaskandhoM kA saMghAt hI AtmA hai|56 isI taraha mere keza ityAdi ke AdhAra para kevala vyavahAra ke lie 'nAgasena aisA eka nAma kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddhoM ne AtmA kI vyAvahArika sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ___ aba prazna uThatA hai ki kyA bauddhoM ne AtmA ko nitya mAnA hai yA anitya? bauddhamata ke anusAra yaha to satya hai ki AtmA anitya hai, kyoMki ve kSaNikavAda meM vizvAsa rakhate haiN| kSaNikavAda kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka vastu kSaNa-kSaNa badala rahI hai| ata: mana, jIva, Adi bhI kSaNa-kSaNa badalate rahate haiN| parantu bauddhoM ne saMtati-prakriyA ko nitya mAnA hai| saMtati-prakriyA arthAt kArya-kAraNa kI prkriyaa| unakA kahanA hai ki mana kSaNika hai, para paravartI mana kA kAraNa bhI hai| jisa prakAra mAtA-pitA kI bahuta-sI bAteM putra-pautroM meM AtI haiM, usI prakAra pUrvamana apane anubhavoM kA bIja yA saMskAra agale mana ke lie chor3a jAtA hai| dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki bauddha matAnusAra AtmA kartA-bhoktA hai yA nhiiN| yadi hama saMtati-prakriyA kI dRSTi se dekheM to jIva yA AtmA kartA evaM bhoktA donoM haiM, kyoMki eka nAmarUpa se dUsare nAmarUpa kI utpatti hotI hai| saMyuktanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrvakAlIna nAmarUpa se uttarakAlIna nAmarUpa kI utpatti huii| ata: dUsarA jo pahale se utpanna huA, pahale nAmarUpa ke kiye karmoM ko bhogatA hai|57 parantu dhammapada meM kucha aura hI kahA gayA hai, jisase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki kartA aura bhoktA eka hI jIva hai| kahA gayA hai- pApa

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 133 karanevAle ko hI usakA phala bhoganA par3atA hai|58 isa saMsAra meM koI bhI aisA sthAna nahIM jahA~ cale jAne se manuSya phala se baca jaaye|59 jo pApa hai use AtmA ne kiyA hai, vaha AtmA se hI utpanna hai|60 yadyapi dhammapada kI ye uktiyA~ zAzvata AtmA kI ora iMgita karatI haiM, parantu jahA~ taka maiM samajhatI hU~ ye uktiyA~ santAna rUpa ko hI mAnyatA dene vAlI haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn buddha na to pUrNata: AtmavAdI haiM aura na pUrNata: anAtmavAdI hii| jaise apane bacce ko dA~ta se pakar3akara le jAtI huI vyAghrI na to apane bacce ko ati niSThuratA se dA~toM se dabAtI hai aura na ati zithilatA se hii| usI prakAra buddha yaha pUche jAne para ki AtmA hai yA nahIM, vidheyAtmaka yA niSedhAtmaka uttara nahIM dete| daraasala zAzvata aura ucchedavAda, ina do antoM kI pUrva mAnyatA ko bhagavAn buddha ne samanvayarUpa pradAna karate hue madhyamamArga ko prazasta kiyaa| isalie kahA jA sakatA hai ki buddha kA anAtmavAda bhI madhyamamArgI hai| kSaNabhaMgavAda kSaNikavAda bauddhadarzana kA maulika siddhAnta hai| buddha ne anityavAda kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA aura kahA ki kSaNikatA to sirpha cetanA meM hai| kintu unake ziSyoM ne unake AMzika kSaNikavAda ko pUrNa kSaNikavAda meM pariNata kara diyaa| ziSyoM ne mAnA ki kevala cetanA hI nahIM balki zarIra bhI kSaNika hai, sabhI vastue~ kSaNika haiN| pratyeka vastu kSaNa-kSaNa badalatI rahatI haiN| kSaNikavAda kA artha hI hai- kisI vastu kA astitva sanAtana nahIM hai| kisI bhI vastu kA astitva kucha kAla taka hI rahatA hai| jisa prakAra eka pravAha dUsare pravAha ko janma detA hai, dUsarA tIsare ko, tIsarA cauthe ko, usI prakAra eka kSaNa dUsare ko tathA dUsarA tIsare ko janma detI hai| yahI pravAha-nityatA hai, kSaNika santAna hai| isa pravAha-nityatA yA kSaNika-santAna ko hI hama bhramavaza sanAtana yA zAzvata mAna lete haiN| vastuta: koI bhI vastu zAzvata nahIM haiM, sabhI anitya haiM, kSaNika haiM, pariNAmI haiN| pariNAma yA parivartana vastu kA svabhAva hai| vastu meM kSaNa-kSaNa parivartana hotA rahatA hai, jo Aja hai, vaha kala nahIM, kala kA svarUpa dUsarA hogaa| nadI ke pravAha kI bhA~ti sabhI vastu satat parivartana kI avasthA meM haiN| kSaNikavAda ke anusAra kisI bhI padArtha kA astitva (Existence) kevala eka kSaNa (One moment) ke lie hotA hai| usa eka kSaNa kI avadhi palaka girane ke samaya se bhI kama mAnI jAtI hai| kSaNikavAda ke dRSTikoNa meM eka jIvita-prANI ke jIvana kA samaya bahuta choTA hotA hai| eka ratha kA pahiyA ghUmane ke samaya hAla ke eka vizeSa bindu para hI ghUmatA hai aura Thaharane ke samaya bhI eka vizeSa

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134 __ jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana binda para ThaharatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra eka jIvita prANI kA jIvana kevala vicAra ke rahane ke samaya taka hI rahatA hai| jaise hI vaha vicAra samApta hotA hai, jIvita prANI bhI samApta samajhA jAtA hai|61 jaisA ki pUrva meM hamane dekhA ki pratItyasamutpAda hetu-pratyayavAda kA siddhAnta hai| arthAt isake hone para aisA hotA hai, isake nahIM hone para aisA nahIM hotaa|62 yaha kArya - kAraNa siddhAnta hI sAMsArika vastuoM kI anityatA, sabhI dharmoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA pramANita karatA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM kA mAnanA bhI hai ki 'sarve padArthAH kSaNikA: satvAt' arthAt satva hetu se sabhI padArtha kSaNika siddha hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu kI sattA kAraNa se hI utpanna hotI hai arthAt kAraNa para nirbhara hai| yadi bhAva kAraNa se utpanna hotA hai to vaha kArya hai aura yadi kArya hai to vaha avazya vinAzI hai| jisakI utpatti hai usakA vinAza avazyambhAvI hai| kAraNa aura kArya to pUrva aura uttara kSaNa haiN| pUrva kSaNa kA vinAza hone para hI uttara kSaNa kI utpatti ho sakatI hai| vaha uttara kSaNa bhI apane uttara kSaNa ko janma detA hai| isa prakAra sampUrNa saMsAra ke bhAva kevala anitya kSaNoM kI santati hai| zAntirakSita kA kahanA hai ki abhAva yA vinAza to bhAva ke sAtha hI utpanna hotA hai| bhAva to cala hai aura cala hone ke kAraNa vaha vinAza-svarUpa hai|63 kSaNikavAda ke paravartI bauddha-cintakoM ne sattA (Reality) ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki astitva usI kA hai jisameM kArya karane kI kSamatA hai| arthakriyAkAritvam sat arthAt yaha artha kriyAkAritva hI parivartanazIlatA kahalAtI hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisameM parivartana kI kSamatA hai, kArya karane kI kSamatA hai, usI kA astitva hai| ata: parivartanazIlatA hI vastu kA dharma hai| apanI isa mAnyatA ko pramANita karane ke lie bauddhAnuyAyI bIja kA udAharaNa dete haiN| bIja meM aMkura dene, paudhA utpanna karane kI kSamatA hai isalie usakA astitva hai, kyoMki bIja meM sthAyitva nahIM hai| yadi use sthAyI mAna liyA jAya aura aisA samajhA jAye ki eka se adhika kSaNoM taka yaha utpanna karane kI kriyA kara sakatA hai yA karatA hai, pratyeka kSaNa meM yaha samAna rUpa se paudhA utpanna kara sakatA hai taba to bIja kA sthAyitva mAnya hogA anyathA usakA sthAyitva bhaMga hogaa| kintu aisA nahIM dekhA jAtA ki koI bhI bIja pratyeka kSaNa meM samAna rUpa se paudhA utpanna karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai, kyoMki bIja jaba ghara meM rakhA huA hotA hai taba to usameM paudhA nahIM nikltaa| usameM paudhA taba utpanna hotA hai jaba use miTTI meM DAlA jAtA hai| ghara meM yA kapar3e meM bIja se paudhA nahIM nikltaa| ata: miTTI meM DAlane para bIja se paudhA kA aMkurita honA, bIja meM honevAle parivartana ko batAtA hai| yadi koI aisA kahe ki bIja cAhe ghara meM rahe athavA kheta meM, paudhA utpanna karane kI kSamatA usameM sadA sthAyI rUpa se banI rahatI hai aura vaha kisI khAsa kSaNa meM nahIM balki

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 135 hamezA hI sthAyI rUpa se paudhe ko utpanna kara sakatI hai, to isa tarka ko kSaNikavAdI mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hote| unake anusAra yadi bIja meM paudhA paidA karane kI kSamatA sthAyI rUpa se rahatI hai aura kisI bhI kSaNa vaha paudhA paidA kara sakatA hai taba to use miTTI meM DAlane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pdd'tii| ghara meM bIja se paudhA kA na nikalanA tathA miTTI meM DAlane para bIja se paudhA kA nikala jAnA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki bIja pratyeka kSaNa badalatA rahatA hai| ata: spaSTa hotA hai ki sabhI vastue~ kAraNotpanna haiM tathA utpanna hone se vinAzI haiN| utpatti aura vinAza se sabhI vastuoM kI anityatA siddha hotI hai| janma aura maraNa saMsAra kA svabhAva hai| yahA~ koI vastu nitya nahIM hai, sabhI anitya haiM, kSaNika haiN| isa prakAra kSaNa aura kSaNika vastu meM koI bheda nahIM, vastu kA svarUpa hI kSaNika hai| ata: vaha vinAzI hai|64 karma siddhAnta sAmAnyatayA 'karma' zabda kA artha kriyA se liyA jAtA hai| pratyeka zArIrika, mAnasika evaM vAcika halana-calana ko kriyA kahate haiN| bauddha paramparA meM bhI pratyeka mAnasika, vAcika aura zArIrika kriyA ko karma nAma se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| jo zubha tathA azubha yA kuzala aura akuzala donoM ho sakate haiN| yadyapi bauddha paramparA meM zArIrika, mAnasika aura vAcika kriyAoM ke artha meM karma zabda kA prayoga jyAdA huA hai, parantu vahA~ cetanA ko pradhAnatA dete hue kahA gayA hai-cetanA hI karma hai| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA~ hai-bhikSuoM! cetanA hI karma hai, aisA maiM kahatA hU~, cetanA ke dvArA hI karma ko karatA hai, kAyA se, vANI se tathA mana se|65 cetanA ko karma kahane se bauddhAnuyAyiyoM kA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki dUsare sabhI karma bekAra haiM, balki vahA~ bhI karma ke sabhI pakSoM para samAna rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke zabdoM meM-Azraya, svabhAva aura samutthAna kI dRSTi se tInoM prakAra ke karmoM kA apanA-apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| Azraya kI dRSTi se kAya karma hI pradhAna hai, kyoMki mana-karma evaM vAk-karma bhI kAyA para Azrita haiN| svabhAva kI dRSTi se vAk-karma hI pradhAna hai, kyoMki kAya aura mana svabhAvataH karma nahIM haiM, karma unakA sva-svabhAva hai| yadi samutthAna (Arambha) kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to mana-karma hI pradhAna hai, kyoMki sabhI karmoM kA Arambha mana se hai| bauddha darzana meM samutthAna kAraNa ko pramukhatA dekara hI yaha kahA gayA hai ki cetanA hI karma hai|66 bhagavAn buddha ne karma ke do bheda batalAye haiM- cetanA karma aura cetayitvA krm|67 isameM cetanA mAnasika karma hai aura cetanA se utpanna hone ke kAraNa zeSa donoM vAcika aura

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136 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kAyika karma cetayitvA karma kahe gaye haiN|68 ye zubha tathA azubha yA kuzala aura akuzala donoM ho sakate haiN| kuzala karma - abhidhammatthasaMgaho meM -1. zraddhA 2. apramattatA yAnI smRti 3. pApa-karma ke prati lajjA 4. pApa-karma ke prati bhaya 5. alobha yAnI tyAga 6. adveSa arthAt maitrI 7. samabhAva 8. zarIra kA halakApana 9. mana kI mRdutA 10. zarIra kI mRdutA 11. mana kI saralatA, zarIra kI saralatA Adi ko kuzala caitasika karma kahA gayA hai|69 akuzala karma - kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika AdhAra para dasa prakAra ke pApoM yA akuzala karmoM kA varNana bauddha sAhitya meM milatA hai 1. prANAtipAta-hiMsA,2. adattAdAna-corI, 3. kAmesumicchAcAra-kAmabhoga sambandhI durAcAra, 4. mRSAvAda-asatya bhASaNa, 5. pisunAvAcA-pizuna vacana, 6. pharusAvAcAkaThora vacana, 7. samphalApa-vyartha AlApa, 8. abhijjA-lobha, 9. vyApAda-mAnasika hiMsA yA ahita cintana, 10. micchAdiTThI-mithyA dRSTikoNa / isa prakAra bauddha paramparA ke karma siddhAnta meM karma zabda kA artha kriyA kI apekSA jyAdA vistRta hai| usameM kriyA, kriyA ke uddezya aura usake phala-vipAka tInoM hI sanihita haiN| jaisA ki AcArya narendradeva ne bhI likhA hai ki kevala cetanA (Azaya) aura karma hI sakala karma nahIM haiN| karma ke pariNAma kA bhI vicAra karanA hogaa| karmoM kI avasthA ___ karma kI avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue usake cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM 1. janaka- yaha karma dUsarA janma karavAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| 2. upasthambhakayaha dUsare karma kA phala dene meM sahAyaka hotA hai| upapIlaka- yaha dUsare karma kI zakti ko kSINa karatA hai| upaghAtaka- yaha dUsare karma kA vipAka rokakara apanA phala detA hai| mahAkarma vibhaMga meM bhI karma evaM usake phala dene kI yogyatA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| karma kI kRtyatA aura upacitatA ke sambandha ko lekara karma kA caturvidha vargIkaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai72, jo isa prakAra hai 1. kRta nahIM, para upacati- isake antargata ve karma Ate haiM jo kArya rUpa meM pariNata nahIM ho pAte, kintu vAsanAoM ke tIvra Avega meM Akara karma-saMkalpa le liye gaye hoN| yathA- kisI vyakti ne krodha ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI ko mArane kA saMkalpa le liyA ho, lekina vaha use kAryAnvita na kiyA ho|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 2. kRta va upacita -- isake antargata ve sabhI karma A jAte haiM jo saMkalpapUrvaka kiye jAte haiN| 3. kRta, para upacita nahIM - isake antargata ve karma Ate haiM jo saMkalpapUrvaka nahIM kiye jAte yA jo sahasAkRta, bhrAntivaza ho jAte haiM, ve upacita nahIM hote / 4. na kRta na upacita- isake antargata svapnAvasthA meM kiye gaye karma Ate haiN| karma-phala 137 - bauddha darzana meM karma-phala ke saMkramaNa kI dhAraNA svIkAra kI gayI hai| kahA gayA hai - yadyapi karma (phala) kA vipraNAza nahIM hotA, tathApi karma phala kA samatikrama (saMkramaNa) ho sakatA hai| 73 vipacyamAna karmoM kA samatikrama (saMkramaNa) ho sakatA hai| vipacyamAna karma ve hote haiM jinako badalA jA sakatA hai arthAt jinakA samatikramaNa ( saMkramaNa) ho sakatA hai, yadyapi phala bhoga anivArya hai|74 AcArya narendradeva bhI bauddha dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki karma svakIya hai, jo karma karatA hai vahI (santAna - pravAha kI apekSA se) usakA phala bhogatA hai| 75 karmaphala kI nityatA evaM anityatA para vicAra karate hue AcArya nAgArjuna kA kahanA hai ki yadi karma paripakva hokara phala dene ke samaya taka banA rahatA hai to vaha nitya hogA, anitya nahIM aura yadi karmaphala dene ke samaya taka samApta ho jAtA hai, to vaha phala nahIM degaa| isa prakAra yadi hama karma ko nitya mAnate haiM to vaha asaMskRta hogA, jo kabhI samApta nahIM hotA aura na kabhI phala hI detA hai| aura, yadi use saMskRta mAnate haiM to vaha paripakva hokara phala nahIM degaa| ataH yaha pratIta hotA hai ki karmaphala kA svabhAva nizcita nahIM / nAgArjuna kA kahanA hai ki karma to ni:svabhAva hai| ni:svabhAva vastu kI utpatti nahIM hotI vaha anutpanna hotA hai aura anutpanna kA vinAza nahIM hotA / 76 yadi hama karma ko ni:svabhAva nahIM sasvabhAva mAnate haiM, to hameM use zAzvata mAnanA pdd'egaa|" jaisA sarvavidita hai ki zAzvata kI utpatti nahIM hotI, kyoMki vaha nitya hotA hai aura nitya akRta hotA hai| ataH nitya, akRta, akAraNa hotA hai| yahA~ nAgArjuna kA mAnanA hai ki akAraNa karma kA phala yA binA kie hue karma kA phala to 'akRtyAbhyAgata' doSa hai|78 isa prakAra yadi akAraNa, akRta yA nitya karma ko svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai to yaha bhI svIkAra karanA hogA ki binA kiye karma kA phala milatA rhegaa| hameM phala ke lie zubha-azubha karma kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'egii| phalataH nirvANa kI icchA rakhanevAlA vyakti bhI binA brahmacarya kA nirvAha kiye hI apane ko kRtakRtya samajhegA / ataH karma niHsvabhAva hai| aba prazna uThatA hai ki yadi karma hI 38

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138 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ni:svabhAva hai to karma karanevAle zarIra kA bhI svabhAva nahIM hogA,79 kyoMki zarIra ko karma-kleza kA kartA kahA jAtA hai| jaba karma-kleza hI ni:svabhAva hai to zarIra bhI ni:svabhAva hogaa| ata: nAgArjuna kA kahanA hai ki kleza, karma, kartA aura karmaphala sabhI svapna, mRgamarIcikA, gandharva-nagara ke samAna astitvavihIna hai| yadyapi AcArya nAgArjuna ne karma-phala kI parIkSA karake yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki yaha eka mRgamarIcikA hai tathApi yaha astitvavihIna hai| parantu isa bAta se nakArA bhI nahIM jA sakatA ki bhagavAn buddha ne karma kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| suttanipAta meM svayaM buddha ne kahA hai- kisI kA karma naSTa nahIM hotaa| kartA use prApta karatA hI hai| pApa karma karanevAlA paraloka meM apane ko da:khoM meM par3A pAtA hai| saMsAra karma se calatA hai, prajA karma se calatI hai| ratha kA cakkA jisa prakAra se ba~dhA rahatA hai usI prakAra prANI karma se ba~dhe rahate haiN| isI ko AcArya narendradeva nimna rUpa meM prastuta karate hue kahate haiM- jIvaloka aura bhAjana-loka (vizva) kI vicitratA IzvarakRta nahIM hai| koI Izvara nahIM hai jisane buddhipUrvaka isakI racanA kI ho| lokavaicitrya karmaja hai, yaha sattvoM ke karma se utpanna hotA hai|82 jisase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne karmavAda ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jisakA spaSTa varNana majjhimanikAya meM milatA hai- eka bAra zubha mANavaka ne bhagavAn buddha se prazna kiyA, he gautama! kyA hetu hai, kyA pratyaya hai ki manuSya hote hue bhI manuSya rUpavAle meM hInatA aura uttamatA dikhAI par3atI hai? he gautama! yahA~ manuSya alpAyu dekhane meM bhI Ate haiM aura dIrghAyu bhI, bahurogI bhI, alparogI bhI, kurUpa bhI, rUpavAna bhI, daridra bhI, dhanavAna bhI, nirbuddhi bhI, prajJAvAna bhI? he gautama! kyA kAraNa hai ki prANiyoM meM itanI hInatA aura pravINatA dikhAI par3atI hai? isakA uttara dete hue bhagavAn buddha ne kahA- he mANavaka! prANI karma svayaM (varma hI jinakA apanA), karma-dAyAda, karma yoni, karmabandha aura pratizaraNa hai| karma hI prANiyoM ko isa hInatA aura uttamatA meM vibhakta karatA hai|83 ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha dharma-darzana meM karma ko caitasika pratyaya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura yaha mAnA gayA hai ki karma ke kAraNa hI AcAra, vicAra evaM svarUpa kI yaha vividhatA hai| parantu, itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddhaparamparA meM karma apanA kisa prakAra kArya karatA hai aura isakA kAla svabhAva se kyA sambandha hai isakA vistRta vivecana nahIM miltaa| yadyapi jahA~ taka tattvamImAMsA kI bAta hai to jaina darzana tattvamImAMsA se calakara AcAramImAMsA para AtA hai aura bauddha darzana AcAramImAMsA se calakara tattvamImAMsA para jAtA hai| bauddha darzana meM tattvamImAMsA ko utanA mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai jitanA ki jaina

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 139 darzana meM diyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM tattvamImAMsA usakA AdhAra svarUpa hai, jabaki bauddha darzana meM AcAramImAMsA ke pariNAmasvarUpa tattvamImAMsA upasthita hotI hai jise mahAtmA buddha ke bAda ke bauddhAcAryoM ne mahattva diyA hai| parantu donoM hI darzanoM meM bandhana aura mokSa mahattvapUrNa pakSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiM aura mokSa yA nirvANa kI prApti ke lie yoga ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM yoga samyak-cAritra ke antargata pratiSThita hai, jabaki bauddha darzana meM samyak-samAdhi ke rUpa meM aSTAMgika mArga meM mAnya hai| __ isa prakAra jaina evaM bauddha donoM paramparAoM meM yoga kI tattvamImAMsIya vyAkhyA ke krama meM caittasika evaM acaittasika sattAoM ke sambandha kI bAta kI gayI hai| jaina paramparA meM jIva aura ajIva ye donoM mUla tattva mAne gaye haiN| ina donoM meM jaba sambandha hotA hai taba duHkha-sukha bhoga kI anAdi paramparA kA prArambha hotA hai| yaha paramparA taba taka avichinna rUpa se pravAhamAna rahatI hai jaba taka ki ye donoM puna: apane mUla rUpa meM na A jaayeN| caittasika (jIva) tattva ko saMsArAbhimukha hone meM karmapudgala (ajIva) tattva kA sahayoga milatA hai aura Asrava-dvAra ko saMvara rUpI kapATa se baMdakara, karmoM ko nirjarita kara jIva zuddha svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai| bauddha paramparA meM duHkha kA kAraNa avidhA ko mAnA gayA hai| avidyA ke kAraNa saMskAra tathA janma-jarA-maraNa kI prakriyA prArambha hotI hai| ina saba se mukti pAne ke lie aSTAMgika mArga kA vidhAna milatA hai| sandarbha 1. yAvajjIveta sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH|| AcArAMga, 1/4/1/132 3. bhAratIya darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta, DaoN0 bI0ena0 sinhA, pRSTha-118 4. cUlamAlukya sutta, 63, majjhimanikAya (anu0) pR0-253-55 5. poThThapAda sutta, 1/9, dIghanikAya, pR0-71 utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM st| tattvArthasUtra, 5/29 guNaparyAyavad dravyam / vahI, 5/37 8. tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / vahI, 5/30 apriccttshaavennuppaadvvydhuvttsNbddhN| guNavaM ca sapajjAyaM, jaM taM davvaM tivuccNti|| pravacanasAra, 2/95 10. avisesie davve, visesie jIva davve yA anuyogadvArasUtra, 123 11. jaina dharma-darzana, DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA, pR0-120 12. visesie jIvadavve ajIva dave yA anuyogadvArasUtra, 123

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140 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 13. jaina dharma-darzana DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pR0- 139 14. uvayogo lakSaNam / tattvArthasUtra, 2/8 15. sa dvividho'STacaturbhedaH / tattvArthasUtra, 2/9 16. NANuvaogo duviho, sahAvaNANaM vihAvaNANaM ti| niyamasAra, 10 17. aupazamikakSAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayika pAriNAmikau ca / tattvArthasUtra, 2/1 18. saMsAriNo muktaashc| tattvArthasUtra, 2/10 19. Atma rahasya, ratanalAla jaina, pR0-30 20. jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA, muni nathamala, pR0-252 21. sNsaarinnstrssthaavraaH| tattvArthasUtra, 2/12 22. syAdvAdamaMjarI, 29 23. tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMdhavI), pR0- 67 24. pramAtA pratyakSAdi prasiddha aatmaa| caitanyasvarUpa: pariNAmI kartA sAkSAt bhoktA svadeha- parimANa: pratikSetraM bhinna: paudagalikAdRSTavAMzcAyam / pramANanayatattvAloka- 7/55-56 25. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1557 / 26. nyAyasUtra, 1/1/9 27. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 5/1/19 28. niyamasAra, 30 29. aakaashsyaavgaahH| tattvArthasUtra , 5/18 30. pUraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJAtvAt pudgalAH / tatvArtharAjavArtika , 5/1/24 31. sparzarasagandhavarNavanta: pudgalAH / tattvArthasUtra , 5/23 / 32. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA, 606-608 / 33. tattvArtha sUtra, pR0- 71 34. tattvArthasUtra, 2/38 35. vahI, 2/39-44 36. AcArAMgasUtra, 3/1/108, vyAkhyAprajJapti, 12/5/37 37. jaina dharma-darzana, DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, pR0- 445 38. jaina darzana: manana aura mImAMsA, muni nathamala, pR0- 278 39. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/92 / 40. Studies in Jaina Phiosophy p. 254 41. jaina darzana: manana aura mImAMsA, muni nathamala, pR0- 301 42. dIghanikAya (mahAparinibbAnasuttaM), 2/3 43. urNApakSma yathaiva hi karatalasaMsthaM na vedyate pumbhiH| akSigataM tu tathaiva hi janayatyaratiM ca pIDAM c||

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra 141 karatalasadRzo bAloM na vetti sNskaarduHkhtaapkssm| akSi sadRzastu vidvAMstenaivodvejyate gAr3ham ti / / abhidharmakozabhASya, pR0-329 44. yathA cikitsAzAstraM caturyu - rogo, rogahetuH ArogyaM, bhaissjymiti| evamidamapi zAstraM caturyuham tad yathA saMsAra: saMsArahetuH mokSo mokSopAya iti| - vyAsabhASya 2/15 45. bauddha darzana-mImAMsA, pR0-47 46. idaM kho pana bhikkhave dukkhaM ariysccN| jAti pi dukkhA, jarA pi dukkhA, maraNaM pi dukkhaM, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupAyAsA pi dukkhA, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo pi dukkho, yampicchaM na labhati taM pi dukkhaM, saMkhyittena paJcapAdAnakkhandhA dukkhaa| majjhimanikAya bhAga 1 pR0-65 / 47. ko nu hAso kimAnando niccaM pajjalite sti| dhammapada, 146 48. idaM kho pana bhikkhave dukkhasamudayaM ariyasaccaM / yAyaM taNhA ponobbhavikA nandIrAgasahagatA tatra tatrAbhinandinI, seyyathI kAmataNhA bhavataNhA vibhavataNhA / majjhimanikAya, bhAga-1, pR0-65 49. asmin sati idaM bhavati, asyotpAdAdayamutapadyate iti idaM pratyayArthaH prtiitysmutpaadaarthH| mAdhyamikavRtti, pR0- 9, uddhata -bauddha- darzana-mImAMsA, pR.- 60 / 50. uddhRta-bhAratIya darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta, pR0-125 kasmA panettha avijjA Adito vuttA? kiM pa tivAdInaM pakati viya avijjApi akAraNaM mUlakAraNaM lokAssAti? na akAraNaM / Asava samudayA avijjA samudayo ti hi avijjAya karaNa buttN| visuddhimagga, 17/36, uddhRta-bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR0-392 52. majjhimanikAya (mUlapariyAya sutta), 1/1/1 53. culasaccakasutta, majjhimanikAya, 1/4/5 54. bhAratIya darzana, siMha evaM siMha, pR0-215 55. bauddha darzana mImAMsA, pR0-69|| 56. milindaprazna (hindI) pR0-31-34 57. saMyuktanikAya, 12,16, 12-24 58. dhammapada- 61 59. na antalikhe na samuddamajje na pavvatAnaM vivaraM pviss| na vijjatI so jagatippadeso yATTito muJceyya paapkmmaa|| vahI, 127 60. attanA va kataM pApaM attajaM atasambhavaM / abhimanthati dummedhaM vajiraM vasmamayaM maNi / / vahI, 161 61. bhAratIya darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta - pR0-133 62. asmin sati idaM bhavati, asmin asati idaM na bhvti| visuddhimaggo, 17/11 63. yo hi bhAvaH kSaNasthAyI vinAza iti giiyte| tattvasaMgraha, 375 64. utpAdAnantarAsthAyi svarUpaM yacca vstunH|

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142 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana taducyate kSaNaH so'sti yasya tat kSaNikaM matam // asatyapyarthabhede ca so'styasyeti na bAdhyate / icchAracitasaMketamAtrabhAvi hi vAcakam / / tattvasaMgraha, 388-389 65. aMguttaranikAya- uddhRta, bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR0-463 66. jaina karma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, pR0 - 10 tatra yaccetanetyuktaM karma taM mAnasa smRtam / 67. cetayitvA ca yattUktaM tat kAyika kAyam || mAdhyamikakArikA (nAgArjuna), 17/3 68. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0 - 250 69. bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, bhAga - 1. pR0 47 70. vahI, pR0-480 71. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0 - 255 72. Development of moral philosophy in India, Suranma Dasgupta P-167-174 73. bauddha dharmadarzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0 - 275 74. jaina karma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0-27 75. bauddha dharmadarzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0 - 277 76. karmanotpadyate kasmAt niHsvabhAvaM yatastataH / yasmAcca tadanutpannaM na tasmAddhipraNazyati // mAdhyamikakArikA, 17/21 77. tiSThatyApAkakAlAccet karma tannityatAmiyAt / niruddhaM cen niruddhaM sat ki phalaM janayiSyati // vahI, 17 /6 78. akRtAbhyAgamamayaM syAkarmAkRtakaM yadi / abrahmacarya vAsazca doSastatra prasatyate / / vahI, 17 / 23 79. karmaklezAzca dehAnAM pratyayAH samudAhatAH / karmaklezAzca te zUnyA yadi deheSu kA kathA // vahI, 80. klezAH karmANi dehAzca karttArazca phalAni ca / gandharvanagarAkArA marIcisvapna saMnimA ||vahI, 17/33 81. suttanipAta vAseTTha sutta, 60-61 82. bauddha dharmadarzana, pR0 - 250 majjhimanikAya, 3/4/5 83. 17/27

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paMcama adhyAya yoga-sAdhanAkAAcArapakSa yoga-sAdhanA kA AdhAra AcAra hotA hai, kyoMki AcAra se hI sAdhaka ke saMyama meM vRddhi hotI hai, samatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| phalataH sAdhaka AdhyAtmika u~cAIyoM ko chU pAtA hai| yoga ke lie AcAra eka Avazyaka aMga hai| hamArI bhAratIya paramparA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki vyakti kA jaisA AcAra hotA hai vaisA hI usakA vicAra bhI hotA hai| AcAra aura vicAra donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, isalie ina donoM ke paripAlana se hI samyak cAritra kA utkarSa hotA hai| lekina jaba taka mana vAsanAoM se nivRtta nahIM ho jAtA taba taka na citta sthira ho sakatA hai, na dharmadhyAna ho sakatA hai aura na yoga hI sadha sakatA hai| mana ke kAraNa hI indriyA~ caMcala hotI haiM, rogAdi prakRtiyoM kI vRddhi hotI hai tathA karmaprakRtiyoM kA bandhana hotA hai| caMcala mana ko sarvathA sthira karanA yoga kA prathama kArya hai, kyoMki caMcala mana dvArA kiyA gayA kArya cAhe puNya prakRti kA ho yA pApa prakRti kA ho, donoM me hI saMsAra bandhana hotA hai| isalie vAsanAoM se vimukti tathA brahmacarya ko yoga meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| ata: samyak-yoga-sAdhanA ke lie sarvaprathama Avazyaka haicitta kI shuddhtaa| jaina paramparA jaina paramparA meM samyak-cAritra ko yoga-sAdhanA kA mUla AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| yogazAstra meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna tathA samyak-cAritra ko mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| inameM cAritra kA sthAna pramukha hai, kyoMki cAritra jJAna aura darzana kI siddhi kA kAraNa hai| samyak-cAritra ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta rAgadveSAdi kI nivRtti ke lie kRta saMkalpa vivekI puruSa kA kAya aura vacana kI bAhya kriyAoM se evaM Abhyantara mAnasa kriyAoM se virakta hokara svarUpAvasthiti prApta karanA samyak-cAritra hai| cAritra kI dRr3hatA evaM sampannatA ke lie jaina darzana me vibhinna vratoM, kriyAoM, vidhiyoM, niyamoM-upaniyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai jisake antargata tapa, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna Adi pramukha haiN| parantu dhyAna kA sthirIkaraNa mana kI sthiratA para nirbhara karatA hai| jisa sAdhaka ne mana ko apane adhIna kara liyA usake lie saMsAra meM koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM jise vaza meM nahI kiyA jA ske| ata: mana ko

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144 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana vaza meM karanA hI samyagyoga kA prathama sopAna hai| kahA bhI gayA hai mana kI samAdhi yoga kA hetu tathA tapa kA nidAna hai, kyoMki mana ko kendrita karane ke lie tapa Avazyaka hai, tapa zivazarma kA, mokSa kA mUla kAraNa hai| dhyAna aura mana kA sambandha atyanta ghaniSTha hai| dhyAna kA sthirIkaraNa mana kI sthiratA para hI nirbhara karatA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne mana kI cAra avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai- 1. vikSipta mana 2. yAtAyAta mana 3. zliSTamana aura 4. sulIna mn| prathama do avasthAoM meM arthAt vikSipta aura yAtAyAta meM mana svabhAva se caMcala hotA hai| donoM meM antara itanA hI hai ki prathama avasthA meM caMcalatA adhika hotI hai aura dvitIya avasthA meM caMcalatA prathamAvasthA kI apekSA thor3I kama hotI hai| ata: ina donoM kI zAnti ke lie abhyAsa Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra zliSTa mana kI avasthA yAtAyAta ke bAda prArambha hotI hai| zliSTa avasthA meM mana kA nirodha hone se cittavRttiyA~ zAnta ho jAtI haiM tathA sAdhaka ko Antarika zakti kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai| sulInAvasthA meM sAdhaka AtmalIna ho jAtA hai tathA use paramAnanda kI svAnubhUti hone lagatI hai|' mana yA cittazuddhi ke upAya jaina grantha SoDazaka meM cittazaddhi ke pA~ca prakAroM kA varNana AyA hai| cittazaddhi ke binA sAdhaka sAdhanA meM saMlagna ho hI nahIM sktaa| ata: yoga-sAdhanA ke AdhArabhUta tattva ke rUpa meM cittazuddhi kI AvazyakatA para bala diyA gayA hai| cittazuddhi ke pA~ca prakAra haiM praNidhAna - AcAra-vicAra ko saMtulita rakhate hue nimna koTi ke jIvoM ke prati rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA kA na rakhanA praNidhAna kahalAtA hai| pravRtti - nirdiSTa vrata-niyamoM yA anuSThAnoM kA ekAgratApUrvaka samyak pAlana karanA pravRtti hai| vighnajaya - yama-niyama Adi kA pAlana karate samaya upasthita bAhya evaM Antarika kaThinAIyoM para vijaya prApta karanA vighnajaya kahalAtA hai| dUsarI bhASA meM kaha sakate haiM ki yoga-sAdhanA ke daurAna AnevAle vighnoM para vijaya pAnA vighna-jaya hai| siddhi - siddhi avasthA meM sAdhaka ko samyak-darzanAdi kI prApti hotI hai aura vaha AtmAnubhava meM kisI prakAra kI kaThinAI kA anubhava nahIM krtaa| kaSAya se utpanna usakI sArI caMcalatA naSTa ho jAtI hai aura vaha nimnavI jIvoM ke prati dayA, AdarasatkAra Adi kA khyAla rakhane lagatA hai|

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 145 viniyoga - isa avasthA meM sAdhaka meM dhArmika vRttiyoM kI kSamatA A jAtI hai tathA nirantara Atmika vikAsa hone lagatA hai| phalata: sAdhaka me paropakAra, kalyANa Adi bhAvanAoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| vRddhi kI yahI avasthA viniyoga' kahalAtI hai| inake atirikta vibhinna vratoM, kriyAoM, vidhiyoM, niyamoM-upaniyamoM Adi kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai jinameM, Asana, prANAyAma, dhAraNA, pratyAhAra, dhyAna Adi pramukha mAne gaye haiN| kahA bhI gayA hai ki dhyAnAdi uttarottara citta kI zuddhi karate haiM isalie ye cAritra hI hai|10 jaina paramparA do prakAra kI AcArasaMhitAoM kA vidhAna karatI hai- eka zrAvakoM kI aura dUsarI zramaNoM kI, kyoMki donoM kI sAdhanA-bhUmi athavA jIvana-vyavahAra alagaalaga haiN| mani jahA~ bAhya evaM AbhyaMtara donoM prakAra ke parigrahoM kA tyAgI hotA hai vahIM zrAvaka kucha parigrahoM kA tyAgI hotA hai| isalie donoM ke lie alaga-alaga AcAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| zramaNoM kI tulanA meM zrAvakoM ko paristhiti evaM kAla kI apekSA se maryAdita vrata-niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai, phira bhI yoga-sAdhanA ke lie use pUrI chUTa hai| muni yA zramaNa to pUrNa virakta yA gRhatyAgI hote haiM jisase ve yoga-sAdhanA karane meM sakSama hote haiM, lekina eka zrAvaka ke sarvatyAgI banane meM zaMkA upasthita hotI hai, kyoMki jIvakopArjana ke lie use vividha udyoga Adi kA Alambana lenA par3atA hai| aise to zramaNa kI bhA~ti vaha bhI sampUrNa parigraha se mukta hokara yoga-sAdhanA meM saMlagna ho sakatA hai| inhIM dRSTiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae jaina paramparA meM do AcAra saMhitAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| eka kA nAma hai zrAvakAcAra to dUsare kA nAma hai shrmnnaacaar| zrAvakoM kI AcAra-saMhitA jainAgamoM meM zrAvaka ke lie vibhinna zabdoM ke prayoga dekhane ko milate haiM, yathAdezasaMyamI, gRhastha, zrAddha upAsaka, aNuvratI, dezavirata, AgArI aadi|11 zrAvakoM ke prakAroM ko lekara vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| koI zrAvaka ke do bheda ko mAnate haiM, to koI tIna aura koI caar| jaise dharmAmRta meM zrAvaka ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM 1- pAkSikajo nirgrantha dharma meM zraddhA rakhatA hai| 2. naiSThika-jo zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karatA hai aura 3. sAdhaka-jo AtmadhyAna meM lIna rahatA haA saMlekhanA letA hai|2 cAritrasAra meM zrAvaka ko brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsa ina cAra AzramoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai|12 isI prakAra dharmabindu meM AcArya haribhadra ne sAmAnya-vizeSa ke rUpa meM zrAvaka ke do bheda batAye haiN|14

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146 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana zrAvaka-dharma ke viSaya meM bhI mataikyatA nahIM hai| DaoN0mohanalAla mehatA ne apanI pustaka jaina AcAra meM ullekha kiyA hai ki upAsakadazAMga, tattvArthasUtra, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra Adi meM saMlekhanA sahita bAraha vratoM ke AdhAra para zrAvaka-dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vahIM AcArya kundakunda ne cAritra prAbhRta meM, svAmIkArtikeya ne dvAdazAnuprekSA meM evaM AcArya vasunandi ne vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM gyAraha pratimAoM ke AdhAra para zrAvakadharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|5 . zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata yogazAstra meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata isa prakAra kahe gaye haiM- pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata tathA cAra shikssaavrt|16 AcArya kundakunda ne gyAraha pratimAoM ke sAtha hI bAraha vratoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| parantu kahIM-kahIM pA~ca aNuvratoM ko mUlaguNa mAnate hue madya, mA~sa evaM madhu kA tyAga bhI mUlaguNa ke antargata rakhA gayA hai|18 aNuvrata jisa prakAra sarvavirata zramaNa ke lie pA~ca mahAvrata kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra zrAvaka ke lie pA~ca aNavratoM kA vidhAna hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaise mahAvratoM ke abhAva meM zramaNa kA zrAmaNya nirjIva-sA pratIta hotA hai, vaise hI aNuvratoM ke abhAva meM zrAvaka kA zrAvakatva niSprANa lagatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aNuvratoM ko zrAvaka kA mUlaguNa kahA gayA hai| mahAvratoM kA pAlana tIna yoga arthAt mana, vacana, karma tathA tIna karaNa yAnI karanA, karavAnA aura anumodana karanA, se pAlana kiyA jAtA hai, 19 jabaki aNuvratoM kA pAlana tIna yoga tathA do kAraNa (karanA aura karavAnA) se kiyA jAtA hai|20 zrAvaka ke mUlaguNa rUpI pA~ca aNuvrata isa prakAra haiMsthUla prANAtipAta-viramaNa gRhastha sAdhaka sthUla hiMsA arthAt trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata hotA hai| isIlie isa aNuvrata kA nAma sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa rakhA gayA hai|21 ise ahiMsANuvrata bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaisA ki upAsakadazAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki maiM kisI bhI niraparAdhanidoSa sthUla basa prANI kI jAna-bUjhakara saMkalpUrvaka mana, vacana aura karma se na to svayaM hiMsA karU~gA aura na krvaauNgaa|22 jaina paramparA meM prANI do prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM-sthUla aura suukssm| cU~ki sUkSma prANI cakSu Adi indriyoM se nahIM jAne jA sakate, ata: gRhastha sAdhaka ko mAtra sthUla prANiyoM kI hiMsA se bacane kA vidhAna hai| aise jaina tattvajJAna meM prANiyoM ke trasa evaM sthAvara do vargIkaraNa kiye gaye haiN| trasa ke antargata ve prANI Ate haiM jo svecchAnusAra gati kA

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 147 sAmarthya rakhate haiM tathA sthAvara kI zreNI meM ve jIva Ate haiM jo svecchAnusAra gati kA sAmarthya nahIM rkhte| yathA- pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati / yahA~ prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki gRhastha sAdhaka ko kevala trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se hI virata rahane kA vidhAna kyoM hai? jabaki zramaNa sAdhaka ke lie trasa evaM sthAvara donoM prakAra ke prANiyoM kI hiMsA se virata rahane ko kahA gayA hai| isake uttarasvarUpa yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki gRhastha sAdhaka AjIvikAdi ke upArjana meM ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se baca nahIM sktaa| vratoM ke pAlana meM use jo chUTa dI gayI hai usakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki vaha apane gRhastha jIvana-caryA kA bhalI-bhA~ti nirvahana kara ske| tAtparya hai gRhastha sAdhaka ke lie sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA sarvathA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai aura Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai / vaha sAdhaka para nirbhara karatA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai- ahiMsA dharma kA jJAtA aura mukti kA abhilASI zrAvaka sthAvara jIvoM kI bhI nirarthaka hiMsA nahIM kre| 23 lekina saMkalpa ke abhAva meM AjIvikA ke lie vyApAra evaM jIvanarakSaNa ke kSetra meM honevAlI hiMsA se usakA vrata dUSita nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki vyAvasAyika evaM audyogika kSetra meM sAdhaka saMkalpapUrvaka trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA se virata to hotA hai, kintu kriyAoM ke sampAdana meM sAvadhAnI rakhate hue bhI ajJAnavaza sAdi prANiyoM ki hiMsA ho bhI jAtI hai to usa hiMsA se sAdhaka kA vrata dUSita nahIM hotA hai / 24 zrAvaka dvArA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka vrata kA pAlana karate hue bhI kabhI-kabhI pramAdavaza doSa lagane kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, ataH nimnalikhita doSoM se sAdhaka ko bacanA cAhie / 25 1. bandha kisI bhI trasa prANI ko kaThina bandhana se bA~dhanA yA use kisI bhI iSTa sthAna para jAne se rokanA, apane adhInastha vyaktiyoM ko nizcita samaya se adhika kAla taka rokanA, unase nirdiSTa samaya ke uparAnta kArya lenA Adi bandha hai / - 2. vadha kisI bhI prANI ko mAranA vadha hai| inake atirikta nirdayatApUrvaka krodha meM apane Azrita kisI bhI vyakti ko mAranA pITanA, gAya, bhaiMsa, ghor3A, baila Adi ko lakar3I, cAbuka patthara Adi se mAranA, kisI para anAvazyaka athavA anucita bhAra DAlanA, kisI kI lAcArI kA anucita lAbha uThAnA, kisI kA anaitika DhaMga se zoSaNa kara apanI svArthapUrti karanA Adi vadha kA hI rUpa hai| - 3. chaviccheda - kisI bhI prANI kA aMgopAMga kATanA chaviccheda kahalAtA hai| kisI ke ucita pArizramika meM nyUnatA karanA, kama vetana denA, kama majadUrI denA Adi kriyAe~ bhI chaviccheda kI hI bhA~ti doSayukta haiN| 4. atibhAra - prANiyoM para AvazyakatA se adhika aura usakI zakti se jyAdA kAma lenA yA bojhA lAda denA atibhAra hai| baila, U~Ta, azva Adi pazuoM para athavA

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148 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana majadUra, naukara Adi manuSyoM para unakI zakti se adhika bojhA lAda denA atibhAra hai| 5. annapAna nirodha - naukara Adi ko samaya para khAnA na denA, pUrA khAnA na denA, apane pAsa saMgraha hone para bhI AvazyakatA ke samaya kisI kI sahAyatA na karanA, apane adhInastha pazuoM evaM manuSyoM ko paryApta khAnA Adi na denA annapAna nirodha kahalAtA hai| sthUla mRSAvAda-viramaNa asatya yA jhUThe vyavahAra kA tyAga karanA sthUla mRSAvAda hai| jisa prakAra hiMsA ko na karanA prANAtipAta viramaNa hai aura usase sAdhaka ko bacanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra sthUla mRSAvAda se bacanA bhI zakya hai| upAsakadazAMga meM gRhastha sAdhaka ko asatya se virata hone hetu pratijJA karate hue varNita kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki maiM sthUla mRSAvAda kA yAvat jIvana ke lie mana, vacana aura kAya se tyAga karatA hU~, maiM na svayaM mRSA bhASaNa karU~gA na anya se krvaauuNgaa|26 sthUla mRSA se tAtparya hai aisA jhUTha jisa jhUTha se samAja meM pratiSThA na rahe, sAthiyoM meM prAmANikatA na mAnI jAya, logoM meM aprIti ho, rAjadaNDa kA bhAgI honA par3e- aisA jhUTha nahIM bolanA caahie| jhUTha ke kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hue zrAvaka pratikramaNa meM pA~ca prakAra ke sthUla mRSA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 1. putra-putriyoM ke vivAha ke nimitta sAmanevAle pakSa ke sammukha jhUThI prazaMsA karanA-karavAnA aadi| 2. pazu-pakSiyoM ke kraya-vikraya meM mithyA prazaMsA kA Azraya lenaa| 3. bhUmi ke sambandha meM jhUTha bolnaa-bolvaanaa| 4. kisI kI amAnata ko dabAne ke lie jhUTha kA sahArA lenaa| 5. jhUThI gavAhI denA-dilavAnA, rizvata khAnA-khilAnA aadi| isI ko AcArya hemacandra ne kanyAlIka, go-alIka, bhUmi-alIka, nyAsApahAra tathA kUTa-sAkSI Adi rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki ye sabhI lokavirUddha haiM, vizvAsaghAta ke janaka haiM tathA puNyanAzaka haiM, isalie zrAvakoM ko sthUla asatya se bacanA caahie|28 isI prakAra puruSArthasiddhayupAya 29 evaM amitagatizrAvakAcAra 30 meM bhI asatya ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM- 1. sad-AlApana 2. asad-AlApana 3. arthAntara aura 4. niNdy| upAsakAdhyayana meM asatyAsatya, satyAsatya, satya-satya aura asatyaasatya Adi cAra prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai|31

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 149 sAdhaka kitanI bhI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka sthUla sRSAvAda-viramaNa kA pAlana kare, phira bhI doSoM kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai| upAsakadazAMgare 2 meM inhIM doSoM se bacane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ye pA~ca prakAra ke haiM, inheM aticAra kahate haiM 1. sahasA-abhyAkhyAna - binA soce samajhe kisI para jhUThA Aropa lagA denA, kisI ke prati logoM meM galata dhAraNA paidA karanA, sajjana ko durjana kahanA Adi sahasAabhyAkhyAna hai| 2. rahasya-abhyAkhyAna - kisI kI gopanIya bAta ko kisI anya ke sAmane prakaTa kara denA rahasya- abhyAkhyAna kahalAtA hai| 3. svadAra athavA svapatimaMtrabheda - pati-patnI kI gupta bAtoM ko kisI ke sAmane prakaTa kara denA svadAra yA svapatimaMtrabheda kahalAtA hai| 4. mRSA upadeza - kisI bhI vyakti ko saca-jhUTha samajhAkara kumArga kI ora prerita karanA mRSA-upadeza hai| 5. kUTa lekhakaraNa - jhUThe lekha likhanA, jhUThe dastAveja taiyAra karanA, jhUThe hastAkSara karanA, jhUThe sikke taiyAra karanA Adi kUTa lekhakaraNa aticAra haiN| sAdhaka ko uparyukta aticAroM se bacane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| muni suzIla kumAra jI ke zabdoM meM-yadyapi sthUla asatya aura sUkSma asatya kI koI nizcita paribhASA denA kaThina hai, tathApi jisa asatya ko duniyA asatya mAnatI hai, jisa asatya bhASaNa se manuSya jhUThA kahalAtA hai, jo loka nindanIya aura rAjadaNDanIya hai, vaha asatya sthUla asatya hai, zrAvaka aise sthUla bhASaNa kA tyAga karatA hai| jhUThI sAkSI denA, jhUThA dastAveja likhanA, kisI kI gupta bAta prakaTa karanA, cugalI karanA, galata rAste le jAnA, AtmaprazaMsA aura paranindA karanA Adi sthUla mRSAvAda meM sammilita hai|33 uparyukta tathyoM kI carcA upAsakadazAMga ke atirikta dharmAmRta 4 (sAgAra) puruSArthasiddhayupAya5, amitagatizrAvakAcAra26 yogazAstra,27, dharmabindu Adi meM bhI milatI hai| sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa adattAdAna kA artha hI hotA hai binA dI huI vastu (adatta) kA grahaNa (aadaan)| zrAvaka ke lie aisI corI kA tyAga anivArya hai jisake karane se rAjadaNDa bhoganA par3e, samAja meM avizvAsa utpanna ho, prAmANikatA naSTa ho, pratiSThA ko dhakkA lge| kisI ke ghara Adi meM seMdha lagAnA, kisI kI gA~Tha kATanA, kisI kA tAlA tor3anA, kisI ko

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150 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana lUTanA, kisI kI cIja binA pUche uThAkara rakha lenA, ThaganA, kisI milI huI vastu kA patA lagAne kI koziza na karanA yA phira cauryabuddhi se kisI kI vastu uThA lenA athavA apane pAsa rakha lenA Adi corI ke antargata Ate haiN| isa prakAra kI corI kA tyAga hI jaina AcArazAstra meM sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa vrata ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yogazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki binA kisI kI AjJA se kisI vastu ko le lene para mana meM azAnti utpanna ho jAtI hai, dina-rAta sote-jAgate cauryakarma kI cubhana hotI rahatI hai|39 ata: asteya vrata kI surakSA ke nimitta sAdhaka ko unheM bhI chor3a denA caahie| upAsakadazAMga meM nimnalikhita pA~ca aticAroM se bacane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai (1) stanAhata - corI kI vastu kharIdanA yA becanA stenAhRta hai| (2) taskara prayoga - corI karane kI preraNA denA, cora ko sahAyatA denA, taskara ko zaraNa denA Adi taskara prayoga kahalAtA hai| (3) rAjyAdiviruddha karma - rAjakIya niyamoM kA ullaghaMna karanA rAjyAdi viruddha karma kahalAtA hai| yathA- avaidhAnika vyApAra karanA, binA anumati ke pararAjya kI sImA meM praveza karanA, niSiddha vastue~ eka sthAna se dUsare deza meM le jAnA aadi| tAtparya hai samAja ke kisI bhI hitakara niyama, jisase prajA ke hita kA tiraskAra hotA hai, kA ullaMghana karanA rAjyAdiviruddha karma hai| ___ (4) kUTa tola-kUTamAna- vastu ke lena-dena meM nyUna yA adhika kA prayoga karanA kUTa tola-kUTamAna kahalAtA hai| mApa-taula meM beImAnI karanA bhI eka prakAra kI corI hai, ata: zrAvaka ko mApa-taula meM prAmANikatA kA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| (5) tatpratirUpaka vyavahAra - vastuoM meM milAvaTa karanA tatpratirUpaka vyavahAra hai| bahumUlya vastuoM meM amUlya vastuoM ko milAnA, zuddha vastu meM azuddha vastu milAnA, supathya vastu meM kupathya vastu milAnA aura isa prakAra anucita lAbha uThAnA zrAvaka ke lie varjita hai| ata: zrAvaka ko ina saba aticAroM se hamezA bacanA caahie| jaisA ki prabodhasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki acauryANuvratI zrAvaka vahI hai jo dUsare kI tRNamAtra vastu ko curAne ke abhiprAya se na apane lie grahaNa karatA hai aura na dUsaroM ko detA hai| svadAra saMtoSa viramaNa ___apanI patnI ke atirikta zeSa samasta striyoM ke sAtha maithuna sevana kA mana, vacana va kAyapUrvaka tyAga karanA svadAra saMtoSa vrata kahalAtA hai| upAsakadazAMga meM varNana AyA

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 151 hai ki maiM svapatnI saMtoSavrata grahaNa karatA hU~... nAmaka patnI ke atirikta avaziSTa maithuna kA tyAga karatA huuN|42 amitagati zrAvakAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki zrAvaka apanI patnI ke atirikta anya sabhI striyoM ko mA~, bahana evaM beTI ke rUpa meM dekhe / 43 ina sabake atirikta aura bhI kaI granthoM meM isa vrata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jaise- ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 44 sarvArthasiddhi, 45 puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 46 svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, 47 dharmAmRta " (sAgAra) aadi| anya vratoM kI bhA~ti svadAra saMtoSa ke bhI pA~ca aticAra batalAye gaye haiM, jinase zrAvaka ko bacanA cAhie 49 (1) itvarika - parigRhItA gamana itvarika kA artha hotA hai - alpakAla, parigrahaNa kA artha hotA hai - svIkAra karanA, gamana kA artha hotA hai - kAma - bhoga sevana, arthAt alpakAla ke lie svIkAra kI gayI strI ke sAtha kAma bhoga kA sevana karanA / zrAvaka ke lie aise maithuna kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| (2) aparigRhItA gamana vaha strI jisa para kisI prakAra kA adhikAra na ho arthAt vezyA, kulTA, viyoginI Adi kA upabhoga karanA aparigRhItA gamana kahalAtA hai| (3) anaMgakrIr3A prAkRtika rUpa se kAma-vAsanAoM kI pUrti na karake aprAkRtika rUpa se vAsanA kI pUrti karanA anaMgakrIr3A kahalAtA hai / yathA - hastamaithuna, samalaiMgika maithuna, kRtrima sAdhanoM dvArA kAmAcAra kA sevana karanA aadi| - (4) para vivAhakaraNa - kanyAdAna meM puNya samajhakara athavA rAgAdi ke kAraNa dUsaroM ke lie lar3ake-lar3akiyA~ DhU~r3hanA, unakI zAdiyA~ karAnA Adi karma para vivAhakaraNa aticAra hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki gRhastha sAdhaka ko svasaMtAna evaM parijanoM ke atirikta anya vyaktiyoM ke vivAha sambandha karAne kA niSedha hai| (5) kAma - bhoga tIvrAbhilASA kAmarUpa evaM bhogarUpa viSayoM meM atyanta Asakti rakhanA arthAt inakI atyadhika AkAMkSA karanA kAmayoga tIvrAbhilASA aticAra hai| icchA - parimANa icchAyeM ananta haiN| ina ananta icchAoM kI maryAdA nirdhArita karanA yA niyaMtrita karanA hI icchA-parimANa hai, arthAt gRhastha ko parigrahAsakti se bacane ke lie parigraha kI sImA rekhA nizcita kI gayI hai| dhana-dhAnyAdi ke saMgraha se mamatva ghaTAnA athavA lobha kaSAya ko kama karake saMtoSapUrvaka vastuoM kA AvazyakatA bhara upayoga karanA parigraha parimANavrata hai / 5deg maryAdA kA bandhana saMkalpa meM hI nahIM honA cAhie balki vyavahAra meM bhI usakA prayoga honA cAhie, kyoMki vastu-tyAga kathana nirarthaka hai| 50

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152 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana uparyukta cAra vratoM kI bhA~ti isa vrata ke bhI pA~ca aticAra51 batAye gaye haiN| jinase zrAvaka sAdhakoM ko bacanA caahie| (1) kSetravAstu-parimANa-atikramaNa - makAnoM, dukAnoM tathA khetoM kI maryAdA ko kisI bhI bahAne se bddh'aanaa| (2) hiraNya-suvarNa-parimANa-atikramaNa - sone-cA~dI Adi ke parimANa ko bhaMga krnaa| (3) dhana-dhAnya-parimANa-atikramaNa - mudrA, javAharAta Adi kI maryAdA ko bhaMga krnaa| (4) dvipada-catuSpada-parimANa-atikramaNa - dAsa-dAsI, naukara, karmacArI Adi pazudhana ke parimANa kA ullaMghana krnaa| guNavrata aNuvratoM kI rakSA evaM vikAsa ke lie jainAcAra meM guNavratoM kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai| ise dUsarI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki aNuvratoM kI bhAvanAoM kI dRr3hatA ke lie jina vizeSa guNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, unheM guNavrata kahA jAtA hai| dharmAmRta (sAgAra) meM isake tIna bheda batAye gaye haiM-(1) digvata (2) anarthadaNDa aura (3) bhogopabhogaparimANa vrt|52 inake atirikta upAsakadazAMga,53 tattvArthasUtra,54 upAsakAdhyayana,55 cAritrasAra,56 amitagati zrAvakAcAra,57 padmanandipaMcaviMzati,58 prAbhRtasaMgraha,59 svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA,60 dharmAmRta (sAgAra),61 yogazAstra,62 sarvArthasiddhi,63 harivaMzapurANa,64 vasunandi zrAvakAcAra5, AdipurANa Adi granthoM meM guNavrata ke uparyukta tIna vargIkaraNa kI carcAyeM huI haiN| parantu uparyukta granthoM meM guNavrata ke bhedoM ke nAma aura krama meM antara hai| kisI grantha meM guNavrata ke antargata zikSAvrata ke bheda, to kisI meM zikSAvrata ke antargata guNavrata ke bheda samAhita haiN| yathA- svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, dharmAmRta (sAgAra) Adi granthoM meM bhogopabhogaparimANavrata ko guNavrata ke antargata liyA gayA hai to sarvArthasiddhi, vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, AdipurANa Adi granthoM meM bhogApabhogaparimANa kA ullekha zikSAvrata meM kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra dezavrata ko dezAvakAlika kI saMjJA dekara ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA Adi graMtho meM zikSAvrata ke antargata rakhA gayA hai| 1. digdrata - jisa vrata ke dvArA dizAoM kI sImA nirdhArita kI jAtI hai use digvrata kahate haiN|67 manuSya kI abhilASA AkAza kI bhA~ti asIma aura agni kI taraha

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 153 samagra bhUmaNDala para apanA eka chatra sAmrAjya sthApita karanA cAhatI hai| apanI isI ananta icchA ko tyAgavRtti ke dvArA maryAdita karanA digvata hai| isIlie ise dizA-parimANa ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| dizA-parimANa vrata kA uddezya hI hai manuSya kI udgama vAsanAoM ko niyantrita krnaa| isa vrata ko grahaNa karate samaya zrAvaka yaha saMkalpa letA hai ki vaha jIvanaparyanta amuk dizA kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM kregaa|68 isake pA~ca aticAra batAye gaye haiM, jinase zrAvaka ko bacanA caahie| (1) urdhvadizA-parimANa-atikramaNa - U~cI dizA ke nizcita parimANa kA ullaMghana karane para laganevAle doSa kA nAma urdhvadizA-parimANa-atikramaNa hai| (2) adholikhita-parimANa-atikramaNa - nIce kI dizA ke parimANa kA ullaMghana karane para laganevAlA doSa adhodizA- parimANa-atikramaNa hai| (3) tiryakadizA-parimANa-atikramaNa- uttara-dakSiNa, pUraba-pazcima tathA unake koNoM meM gamanAgamana kI maryAdA ke ullaMghana se laganevAlA doSa tiryak-dizA parimANa-atikramaNa hai| (4) kSetravRddhi - manamAne DhaMga se kSetra kI maryAdA ko bar3hA lenA kSetravRddhi aticAra hai| (5) smRtyantardhA - sImA kA smaraNa na rahane para laganevAlA doSa smRtyantardhA aticAra hai| (2) anarthadaNDavrata ___ binA kisI prayojana ke hiMsA karanA anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai aura hiMsApUrNa vyApAra ke atirikta samasta pApapUrNa pravRttiyoM se nivRtta honA anarthadaNDa-viramaNa vrata hai| anarthadaNDa vrata kA pAlana karanevAlA gRhastha nirarthaka kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA aura na nirarthaka vastu kA saMgraha hI karatA hai, arthAt anarthadaNDa-viramaNa vrata meM zrAvaka niSprayojana pApapUrNa pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karatA hai| jaise- (1) apadhyAna (2) pramAdAcaraNa (3) hiMsAdAna (4) pApakarmopadeza ina kAryoM ko kisI bhI rUpa meM na karanA hI zrAvaka ke lie zreyaSkara hai| ahiMsAdi vratoM ke samyak pAlana ke lie tathA Atmavizuddhi ke lie anarthadaNDa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha tyAgarUpa vrata hI anarthadaNDa vrata hai,69 anya vratoM kI bhA~ti isake bhI pA~ca aticAra batAye gaye haiM ina ka

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154 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (1) saMyuktAdhikaraNa- jina upakaraNoM ke saMyoga se hiMsA kI saMbhAvanAyeM bar3ha jAtI haiM unheM saMyukta rakhanA saMyuktAdhikaraNa aticAra hai| (2) upabhogaparibhogAtirikta - AvazyakatA se adhika upabhoga evaM paribhoga kI sAmagrI saMgraha rakhanA upabhogaparibhogAtirikta aticAra hai| (3) maukharya-asambaddha evaM anAvazyaka vacana bolanA maukharya hai| (4) kaurakucya-vikAravardhaka ceSTAe~ karanA yA dekhanA kaurakucya hai| (5) kandarpa- vikAravardhaka vacana bolanA yA sunanA kandarpa hai| ye saba nirarthaka hiMsA ke poSaka haiM, ata: zrAvaka ko inase bacanA caahie| (3) bhogopabhoga parimANa eka bAra bhogane yogya AhAra Adi bhoga kahalAte haiM aura jinheM bAra-bAra bhogA jA sake, aise vastra-pAtra Adi paribhoga yA upabhoga kahalAte haiN| ina padArthoM ko kAma meM tAne kI maryAdA bA~dha lenA upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa hai| bhoga-upabhoga (paribhoga) sambandhI vastuoM ke 26 prakAra batAye gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM-70 1. aMgochA 2. maMjana 3. phala 4. mAliza kA tela 5. ubaTana 6. jala 7. pahanane ke vastra 8. vilepana ke lie candana 9. phUla 10. AbharaNa 11. dhUpa-dIpa 12. peya 13. pakvAnna 14. odana 15. sUpa (dAla) 16. ghRta 17. zAka 18. mAdhuraka (mevA) 19. jemana 20. pIne kA pAnI 21. mukhavAsa 22. vAhana 23. jUtA 24. zayyAsana 25. sacitta vastu tathA 26. khAne ke anya pdaarth| bhogopabhogaparimANa ke bhI pA~ca aticAra batAye gaye haiM-71 1. sacittAhAra-jaise harI sabjI kA AhAra lenA, 2. sacittabaddhAhArasacitta vastu se saMsakta acitta vastu, jaise guThalI sahita Ama kA upayoga, 3. apakvAhAra- binA pake hue AhAra grahaNa, 4. duSpakvAhAra- surA, madirA Adi kA sevana 5. tucchauSadhibhakSaNa- jo vastu khAne meM kama pheMkane meM adhika jAye / zikSAvrata jisa prakAra vidyArthI puna:-puna: vidyA kA abhyAsa karatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra zrAvaka ko kucha vratoM kA abhyAsa karanA par3atA hai| bAra-bAra yahI abhyAsa zikSAvrata kahalAtA hai| aNuvrata aura guNavrata jIvana bhara ke lie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki zikSAvrata kucha samaya ke lie| zikSAvrata ke mukhyata: cAra bheda haiM- (1) sAmAyika (2) proSadhopavAsa (3) dezAvakAzika tathA (4) atithisNvibhaag2|

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 155 parantu zikSAvrata ke uparyukta vibhAjana ko lekara vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| cAritrapAhuDa02, harivaMzapurANa", AdipurANa Adi meM zikSAvrata ke kramaza: sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, atithisaMvibhAga aura saMlekhanA cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiN| isI prakAra ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra6, svAmikArtikeyAnaprekSA, dharmAmRta (sAgAra) Adi meM kramaza: dezAvakAzika, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa evaM atithisaMvibhAga- ye cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiN| sAmAyika - sAmAyika arthAt samatva kA abhyaas| abhiprAya hai ki sAmAyika AtmA kA vaha bhAva athavA zarIra kI vaha kriyA-vizeSa hai jisase manuSya ko samabhAva kI prApti hotI hai| puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM kahA gayA hai ki indriyoM ko sthira karake rAga-dveSa rUpI pariNAmoM ko chor3akara, samatAbhAva dhAraNa karake AtmalIna ho jAnA sAmAyika zikSAvrata hai|9 inake bhI pA~ca aticAra haiM jinase sAmAyika vrata dUSita hotA hai,80 ve haiM (1) mana se sAvadha bhAvoM kA cintana krnaa| (2) vANI se sAvadha vacana bolnaa| (3) zarIra se sAvadha kriyA krnaa| (4) sAmAyika ke prati anAdara bhAva rkhnaa| (5) samaya pUrA kiye binA hI sAmAyika pUrI kara lenaa| ata: zrAvakoM ko ina doSoM se bacane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| proSadhopavAsa - Atmacintana ke nimitta sarvasAvadha kriyA ko tyAgakara zAntipUrNa sthAna meM baiThakara upavAsapUrvaka samaya vyatIta karanA proSadhopavAsa hai| yogazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki kaSAyoM ko tyAga karake pratyeka caturdazI evaM aSTamI ke dina upavAsa kara tapa brahmacaryAdi dhAraNa karanA proSadhopavAsa kahalAtA hai|81 vrata ke dina sAdhaka dinabhara dharmasthAna yA upAsanAgRha meM nivAsa karatA hai| isa vrata ke bhI pA~ca aticAra haiM, jinase sAdhakoM ko bacanA caahie|82 aticAra nimnalikhita haiM 1. bhUmi ko binA dekhe aura binA pramArjita kiye mala-mUtra Adi kA utsarga arthAt tyAga krnaa| 2. pATa-caukI Adi vastue~ binA dekhe va binA pramArjita kiye rakhanA / 3. binA dekhe va binA pUje bistara-Asana Adi lgaanaa| 4 proSadhavrata ke prati Adara kA na honA / 5. proSadha karake bhUla jaanaa| dezAvakAzika vrata - deza yAnI kSetra kA eka aMza aura avakAza arthAt sthaan| dizAparimANa-vrata meM jIvana bhara ke lie maryAdita dizAoM ko dina evaM rAtri meM

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana yathoci kucha ghaMToM yA dinoM ke lie niyata karanA dezavakAzika vrata kahalAtA hai / 83 isake bhI pA~ca aticAra haiM 156 (1) Ayanana prayoga - maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara se vastu lAnA yA mNgvaanaa| (2) preSya prayoga-maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara vastu bhejanA yA le jAnA / (3) zabdAnupAta - nirdhArita kSetra ke bAhara kisI ko khar3A dekhakara zabda saMketa karanA / (4) rUpAnupAta - hAtha, mu~ha, sira Adi se saMketa karanA / (5) puGgalaprakSepa - bAhara khar3e hue vyakti ko apanA abhiprAya jatAne ke lie kaMkar3a Adi pheMkanA / atithisaMvibhAga vrata apane nimitta banAI huI apane adhikAra kI vastu kA atithi ke lie samucita vibhAga karanA atithisaMvibhAga hai| yogazAstra meM kahA gayA haityAgiyoM, muniyoM Adi ko khAnapAna, rahana-sahana Adi vastuyeM dekara svayaM khAna-pAna karanA atithisaMvibhAga vrata hai / 84 anya vratoM kI bhA~ti isake bhI pA~ca aticAra haiM, 85 jinase sAdhaka ko bacanA caahie| (1) sacitta nikSepa - sacitta padArthoM se AhArAdi ko r3hakanA tAki zramaNa Adi use grahaNa na kara sake / (2) sacittApidhAna- AhArAdi vastu ko sacitta vastu ke Upara rakha denaa| (3) kAlAtikrama- bhikSA kA samaya bIta jAne para bhojana banAnA / (4) paravyapadeza- na dene kI bhAvanA se apanI vastu ko dUsaroM kI batAnA / (5) mAtsarya - IrSyApUrvaka dAna denA mAtsarya hai| gyAraha pratimAe~ pratimAe~ Atma-vikAsa kI kramika sopAna haiM, jinake sahAre zrAvaka apanI zakti ke anurUpa muni dIkSA grahaNa karane kI sthiti meM pahu~catA hai| pratimA kA artha hotA hai - pratijJAvizeSa, vrata vizeSa, tapa vizeSa athavA abhigraha vizeSa | 6 jainAgamoM meM pratimAoM kI saMkhyA gyAraha mAnI gayI haiN|" parantu zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM pratimA ke viSaya meM antara dekhane ko milatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM pratimAoM ke nAma kramaza: isa prakAra milate haiM- darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, niyama, brahmacarya, sacitta tyAga, Arambha tyAga, preSya parityAga, uddiSTa tyAga evaM shrmnnbhuut| jabaki digambara paramparA meM darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, proSadha, sacitta tyAga, rAtrimukti tyAga, brahmacarya, ArambhatyAga, 188

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 157 parigrahatyAga, anumatityAga evaM uddiSTa tyAga kA varNana milatA hai|" donoM paramparAoM meM pratimA ke prakAroM ko dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki donoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| DA0 mohanalAla mehatA ke zabdoM meM- zvetAmbara va digambara sammata prathama cAra nAmoM meM koI antara nahIM hai| sacitta tyAga kA krama digambara paramparA meM pA~cavA~ haiM jabaki zvetAmbara - paramparA meM sAtavA~ haiN| digambarAbhimata rAtrimuktityAga zvetAmbarAbhimata pA~cavIM pratimA niyama ke antargata samAviSTa hai| brahmacarya kA krama zvetAmbara paramparA meM chaThA hai, jabaki digambaraparamparA meM sAtavA~ hai| digambara paramparA kA anumatityAga zvetAmbara sammata uddiSTabhaktatyAga kehI antargata samAviSTa hai, kyoMki isameM zrAvaka uddiSTabhakta grahaNa karane ke sAtha hI kisI prakAra ke Arambha kA samarthana bhI nahIM karatA / zvetAmbarAbhimata zramaNabhUtapratimA hI digambarAbhimata uddiSTatyAga pratimA hai / 9" 90 darzana - pratimA - adhyAtmamArga kI yathArthatA ke sambandha meM dRr3ha niSThA evaM zraddhA kA honA darzana - pratimA hai / ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra ke anusAra isa pratimA ke dhAraka ko sarvaguNaviSayaka prIti utpanna hotI hai, dRSTi kI vizuddhatA prApta hotI hai aura vaha paMcaguruoM ke caraNoM meM jAkara dRSTi doSoM kA parihAra karatA hai / 99 vrata- pratimA - gRhastha jIvana ke pA~ca aNuvratoM, tIna guNavratoM kA nirdoSa rUpa se pAlana karanA vrata- pratimA hai / vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki zrAvaka sAdhaka aNuvratoM, guNavratoM, zikSAvratoM Adi ko samyak rUpeNa dhAraNa kara unakA vidhivata pAlana karatA hai / 92 sAmAyika pratimA samatva ke lie kiyA jAnevAlA prayAsa sAmAyika kahalAtA hai| zrAvaka sAdhaka ko isa sAmAyika pratimA meM niyamita rUpa se tInoM saMdhyAoM arthAt prAtaH, madhyAhna aura sAyaMkAla meM mana, vacana aura karma se nirdoSa rUpa meM samatva kI ArAdhanA karanI hotI hai / 93 - proSadhopavAsa- pratimA - pratyeka mAha kI aSTamI aura caturdazI meM gRhasthI ke samasta kriyA-kalApoM se avakAza pAkara upavAsa sahita zuddha bhAvanA ke sAtha AtmasAdhanA meM rata rahanA proSadhopavAsa- pratimA hai / 94 niyama- pratimA - isa pratimA meM pUrvokta pratimAoM kA nirdoSa pAlana karate hue pA~ca vizeSa niyamoM kA vrata liyA jAtA hai, jo isa prakAra hai (1) snAna nahIM karanA ( 2 ) rAtri bhojana nahIM karanA (3) dhotI kI eka lAMga nahIM lagAnA (4) dina meM brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA aura rAtri meM maithuna kI maryAdA nizcita karanA tathA (5) aSTamI, caturdazI Adi parva ke dina rAtri - paryanta dehAsakti tyAgakara kAyotsarga krnaa|

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158 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana brahmacarya-pratimA - isameM zrAvaka dina kI bhA~ti rAtri meM bhI brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai| sacitta AhAravarjana-pratimA - isameM zrAvaka sabhI prakAra ke sacitta AhAra kA tyAga kara detA hai, lekina ArambhI hiMsA yAnI kRSi, vyApAra Adi meM honevAlI alpa hiMsA kA tyAga nahIM krtaa|95 ___ArambhatyAga-pratimA - isa pratimA ke zrAvaka sAdhaka mana, vacana evaM kAya se kRSi, sevA, vyApAra Adi ko Arambha karane kA tyAga kara detA hai, kintu dUsaroM se Arambha karavAne kA tyAga nahIM krtaa|96 ise hama dUsarI bhASA meM isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki gRhastha upAsaka yadyapi svayaM vyavasAya Adi kAryoM meM bhAga nahIM letA aura na svayaM koI Arambha hI karatA hai, phira bhI vaha apane putrAdi ko yathAvasara vyAvasAyika evaM pArivArika kAryoM meM ucita mArgadarzana detA rahatA hai| parigrahatyAga-pratimA - isa pratimA meM zrAvaka apanI sampatti para se bhI apanA adhikAra haTA letA hai tathA nivRtti kI dizA meM eka kadama Age bar3hakara parigrahavirata ho jAtA hai| vasanandi zrAvakAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki zrAvaka zarIra DhaMkane ke lie eka-do vastra rakhakara zeSa sabhI prakAra ke parigrahoM kA tyAga kara detA hai tathA mUrihita hokara rahatA hai|97 lekina isameM anumati dene se virata nahIM hotaa| anumativirata-pratimA - isa pratimA meM gRhastha sAdhaka aise AdezoM aura upadezoM se dUra rahatA hai jisake kAraNa kisI prakAra kI sthAvara yA trasa hiMsA kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| vaha itanA mohamukta ho jAtA hai ki kisI prakAra ke laukika kAryoM meM anumati pradAna nahIM krtaa|98 uddiSTatyAga-pratimA - isa pratimA meM sAdhaka gRhastha hote hue bhI sAdhu kI bhA~ti AcaraNa karatA hai| vaha muNDana karA letA hai tathA svayaM ke lie bane AhAra kA bhI parityAga kara detA hai, sambandhiyoM va jAti ke logoM ke yahA~ se bhikSA grahaNa karatA hai| bhikSA grahaNa karate samaya vaha isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhatA hai ki dAtA ke yahA~ pahu~cane se pUrva jo vastu bana cukI hai, vahI grahaNa karanA hai, anya nhiiN| isa prakAra pratimAe~ taposAdhanA kI kramaza: bar3hatI huI avasthAyeM haiM, ata: uttarauttara pratimAoM meM pUrva-pUrva pratimAoM ke guNa svata: hI samAviSTa hote jAte haiN| phalataH sAdhaka nivRtti kI dizA meM kramika pragati karate hue anta meM pUrNa nivRtti ke Adarza ko prApta karatA hai|

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SaDAvazyaka SaDAvazyaka ko zrAvaka kA chaH Avazyaka karma bhI kahA jAtA hai / 99 zrAvaka jIvana ke Avazyaka karma haiM- (1) devapUjA (2) gurusevA (3) svAdhyAya (4) saMyama (5) tapa (6) dAna / digambara paramparA 101 paMca mahAvrata yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa zramaNoM kI AcAra saMhitA zramaNa ke vrata mahAvrata kahalAte haiM, kyoMki sAdhu yA nirgrantha hiMsAdi kA pUrNata: tyAga karate haiN| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha yoga-siddhi ke mUla sAdhana haiN| aise sAdhu sAmAcArI ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki guru ke samIpa baiThanA, vinaya karanA, nivAsa sthAna kI zuddhi rakhanA, guru ke kAryoM meM zAMtipUrvaka sahayoga denA, guru- AjJA ko nibhAnA, tyAga meM nirdoSatA, bhikSAvRtti se rahanA, Agama kA svAdhyAya karanA evaM mRtyu Adi kA sAmanA karanA Avazyaka hai / 1. jahA~ taka sAdhu ke guNoM kA prazna hai to digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM meM sAdhu ke kramazaH 28 evaM 27 mUlaguNa mAne gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM paMcendriyoM kA saMyama paMca samitiyA~ SaDAvazyaka kezaluMcana nagnatA asnAna bhUzayana adantadhAvana khar3e hokara bhojana grahaNa karanA eka samaya bhojana karanA aadi| zvetAmbara paramparA 102 paMca mahAvrata paMcendriyoM kA saMyama arAtri bhojana 159 Antarika pavitratA bhikSu upAdhi kI pavitratA kSamA anAsakti mana, vacana aura kAya kI satyatA chaH prakAra ke prANiyoM kA saMyama tIna gupti sahanazIlatA saMlekhanA aadi| mUlaguNoM ke sambandha meM jahA~ digambara paramparA bAhya tathyoM para adhika bala detI hai vahIM zvetAmbara paramparA Antarika vizuddhi ko adhika mahattva detI hai| paMca mahAvrata ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye paMca mahAvrata haiN|

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160 ahiMsA jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAmAnyatayA ahiMsA kA artha 'na hiMsA' yA 'hiMsA virodhinI ahiMsA' kiyA jAtA hai| lekina jaina matAnusAra kisI bhI jIva kI tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa se hiMsA na karanA ahiMsA hai| 103 tIna yoga arthAt mana, vacana aura kAya tathA tIna karaNa yAnI karanA, karavAnA aura anumodana krnaa| ise isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai (1) mana se hiMsA na karanA / (2) mana se hiMsA na krvaanaa| (3) mana se hiMsA kA anumodana na karanA / (1) vacana se hiMsA na karanA / (2) vacana se hiMsA na krvaanaa| (3) vacana se hiMsA kA anumodana na karanA / (1) kAya se hiMsA na karanA / (2) kAya se hiMsA na krvaanaa| (3) kAya se hiMsA kA anumodana na karanA / ina nau prakAroM se prANI kA ghAta na karanA hI ahiMsA haiN| ahiMsA ke pAlana se manuSya meM nirbhayatA, vIratA, vAtsalyatA, kSamA, dayA Adi Atmika zaktiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| Atmika bala ke sAmane sabhI pAzavika AsurI bala natamastaka ho jAte haiN| ahiMsA vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM IryA samiti - Ane-jAne, uThane-baiThane Adi pravRtti ke lie caryA karate samaya choTe yA bar3e jIva ke prati klezakAraka pravRtti kA bacAva karanA IryA samiti hai / 104 bhASA samiti - bolane ke samaya krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, bhaya Adi mukta vacana bolakara hitamita pathya, satya aura madhura vacana bolanA bhASA samiti hai| tAtparya hai vANI ke samasta doSoM se bacanA | 105 se eSaNA samiti - AhAra, vastra, zayyA Adi kI pUrti ke lie uttejita karanevAlI vastuoM ke sthAna para svAsthyopayogI, sAtvika bhojana, vastra evaM pAtra grahaNa karanA eSaNA samiti hai / 106 AdAna samiti rojamarrA kI AvazyakatAoM kI vastuoM ke lena-dena, usake rakha-rakhAva Adi meM sAvadhAnI baratanA, tAki koI jIva mara na jAe AdAna samiti hai / 107 manaH samiti mana meM aneka prakAra ke vicAra Ate haiM, ve sAvadyakArI, Asrava - -

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 161 karanevAle, sakriya, chedana - bhedana evaM kalaha karanevAle, doSapUrNa evaM prANoM ke ghAtaka ho sakate haiM, jinheM mana se haTAnA sAdhu ke lie Avazyaka hai / 108 satya asatya kA parityAga karanA tathA yathAzruta vastu ke svarUpa kA kathana satya kahalAtA hai| satya kA bhI pAlana zramaNa ko tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa se karanA par3atA hai| isa mahAvrata kI bhI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM 109 - (1) viveka vicArapUrvaka bolnaa| (2) krodha se bcnaa| (3) lobha se sarvathA dUra rahanA / (4) bhaya se alaga rhnaa| (5) hAsa-parihAsa se alaga rahanA / asteya binA diye hue para - vastu kA grahaNa steya kahalAtA hai, ataH mana, vacana aura kAya se corI na karanA, corI na karavAnA, corI karanevAloM kA na hI anumodana karanA asteya hai| isa vrata kI bhI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM (1) anuvIci avagrahayAcana- samyak vicAra karake upayoga ke lie vastu yA sthAna ke svAmI yA zrAvaka se yAcanA karanA anuvIci avagrahayAcana hai| (2) abhIkSya avagrahayAcana- rAjA, kuTumbapati Adi jisakI bhI jagaha mA~ga kara lI gayI ho, aise sAdharmika Adi aneka prakAra ke svAmI ho sakate haiN| unameM se jisajisa svAmI se jo-jo sthAna mA~gane meM vizeSa aucitya ho vahI sthAna mA~ganA tathA eka bAra dene ke bAda mAlika ne vApasa le liyA ho, phira bhI rogAdi ke kAraNa vizeSa AvazyakatA hone para usake svAmI se isa prakAra bAra-bAra lenA ki usako kleza na hone pAye, abhIkSya avagrahayAcana hai| 110 (3) avagrahadhAraNa- mAlika se mA~gate samaya avagraha kA parimANa nizcita kara koI vastu grahaNa karanA avagrahadhAraNa hai / 111 (4) sAdharmika avagrahayAcana- sAdhu dvArA apane samAnadharmI sAdhu se AvazyakatA hone para parimita sthAna kI yAcanA karanA / 112 (5) anujJApita pAna - bhojana - vidhipUrvaka annapAnAdi lAne ke bAda guru ko dikhAkara unakA anujJApUrvaka upabhoga karanA anujJApita pAna - bhojana hai / 113

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162 brahmacarya jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana tapasyAoM meM sabase uttama brahmacarya hai / 114 pAribhASika rUpa meM aise kahA jA sakatA hai ki mana, vacana aura kAya se kisI bhI kAla meM maithUna na karanA brahmacarya vrata hai| isakI bhI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM * (1) strI kathA - tyAga - strI se sambandhita kAmavardhaka kathAoM kA tyAga karanA / (2) manohara kriyAvalokana- tyAga - strI aMgoM kA avalokana na karanA / (3) pUrva rativilAsa smaraNa- tyAga - pUrvAnubhUta kAmakrIr3A kA smaraNa na karanA / (4) praNItarasa bhojana tyAga - pramANa se adhika athavA kAmavardhaka rasayukta AhAra pAnI grahaNa na karanA / (5) zayanAsana tyAga - strI, pazu, napuMsaka Adi se sambaddha sthAnoM meM na rahanA / 115 aparigraha saMsAra ke samasta viSayoM ke prati rAga tathA mamatA kA parityAga kara denA hI aparigraha hai| mUlAcAra meM aparigraha vrata ke pAlana kA nirdeza dete hue kahA gayA hai ki grAma, nagara, araNya, sthUla, sacitta tathA sthUlAdi se ulaTe sUkSma acitya stoka aise antaraMga - bahiraMga parigraha ko mana, vacana aura kAya dvArA chor3a deveM / 116 isakI bhI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM (1) zrotendriya ke viSaya zabda ke prati rAgadveSa rahitatA / (2) cakSurindriya ke viSaya rUpa se anAsakta bhAva rkhnaa| (3) ghrANendriya ke viSaya gandha ke prati anAsakta bhAva rakhanA / (4) rasanendriya ke viSaya rasa ke prati anAsakta bhAva rakhanA / (5) sparzanendriya ke viSaya sparza ke prati anAsakta bhAva rkhnaa| gupti evaM samiti jaina paramparA meM tIna guptiyoM tathA pA~ca samitiyoM kA vidhAna hai| guptiyA~ jo mana, vacana aura kAya kI azubha pravRttiyoM ko rokatI haiM aura samitiyA~ cAritra kI pravRtti meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| 117 kahA bhI gayA hai ki yoga kA acchI prakAra se nigraha karanA gupti hai / 118 guptiyA~ zramaNa - sAdhanA ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko prastuta karatI haiM, jabaki samitiyA~ sAdhanA ke vidheyAtmaka rUpa ko vyakta karatI haiM / ye ATha guNa zramaNa jIvana kA saMrakSaNa usI prakAra karate haiM jisa prakAra mAtA apane putra kI karatI hai / isIlie inheM aSTa pravacanamAtA bhI kahA gayA hai|999 guptiyA~ tIna haiM- manogupti, vacanagupti, aura kAyagupti / 120

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 163 manogupti sAmAnya bhASA meM rAga-dveSAdi kaSAyoM se mana ko nivRtta karanA manogupti hai| utarAdhyayana ke anusAra samarambha, samArambha aura Arambha Adi hiMsaka pravRttiyoM meM jAte hue mana ko rokanA manogupti hai / 121 - vacanagupti - ahitakArI evaM hiMsAkArI bhASA kA prayoga nahIM karanA vacanagupti hai| yogazAstra meM asatya bhASaNa Adi se nivRtta honA yA mauna dhAraNa karane ko vacanagupti kaMhA gayA hai|122 uttarAdhyayana meM azubha pravRttiyoM meM jAte hue vacana para nirodha karane ko vacanagupti kahA gayA hai|123 isI prakAra niyamasAra meM pApa ke hetubhUta strIkathA, rAjakathA, corakathA, maMtrakathA Adi vacanoM ke parihAra athavA asatyAdi kI nivRtti karanevAle vacana ke prayoga ko vacanagupti kahA gayA hai / 124 kAyagupti - zArIrika kriyAoM dvArA honevAlI hiMsA se bacanA kAya gupti hai| niyamasAra ke anusAra bandhana, chedana, mAraNa, AkuMcana tathA prasAraNa Adi zArIrika kriyAoM se nivRtti kAyagupti hai / 125 ataH samarambha, samArambha aura ArambhapUrvaka kAyika pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA kAyagupti kahalAtA hai / 126 uparyukta tInoM guptiyoM kA mukhya uddezya hai- sAdhaka ko azubha pravRttiyoM se dUra rkhnaa| jaisAki uttarAdhyayana meM kahA bhI gayA hai- muni jIvana ke lie ina tIna guptiyoM kA vidhAna azubha pravRttiyoM se nivRtti hetu hai / 127 pA~ca samitiyoM kA varNana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| bAraha anuprekSAe~ anuprekSA kA artha hotA hai - gahana cintana karanA / AtmA dvArA vizuddha cintana hone ke kAraNa isameM sAMsArika vAsanA - vikAroM kA koI sthAna nahIM rahatA hai, phalataH sAdhaka vikAsa karatA huA mokSAdhikArI hone meM samartha hotA hai / jaba AtmA meM zubha vicAroM kA udaya hotA hai, taba azubha vicAroM kA AnA banda ho jAtA hai / parantu sAdhaka kI indriyA~ tathA mana sAdhaka ko sarvadA apane mArga se vicalita karane evaM rAgadveSAdi bhAvoM ko bar3hAne ke lie tatpara rahatI haiN| ina saba bhAvoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie hI anuprekSAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jisake antargata jIvoM meM virakta bhAvanA udita karane hetu saMsAra kI anityatA kA vibhinna prakAra se vicAra karane para bala diyA gayA hai| anuprekSAoM ko vairAgya kI jananI bhI kahA jAtA hai| ataH sAdhaka ko dharma-prema, vairAgya, cAritra kI dRr3hatA tathA kaSAyoM ke zayana ke lie inakA anucintana karate rahanA cAhie / 128 anuprekSAe~ bAraha haiM / 129 inheM bhAvanA ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai|

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164 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ___ anityAnuprekSA - isa saMsAra meM zarIrAdi jitane bhI bhautika padArtha haiM, ve saba jala ke bulabule ke samAna haiN| ata: yaha saMsAra anitya, asthira tathA nAzavAna hai, aisA cintana karanA anityAnuprekSA kahalAtA hai130 ____ azaraNAnuprekSA - jisa prakAra saghana vana meM siMha dvArA pakar3A huA baccA apanI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA, usakA koI zaraNa nahIM hotA, usI prakAra saMsAra rUpI siMha dvArA pakar3e gaye bAlapana, yauvana evaM bur3hApA rUpI vyakti apanI rakSA kI socatA hai, taba usake duHkha meM hAtha baTAne koI nahIM aataa| sArA jJAna dharA kA dharA raha jAtA hai, kyoMki vidyA, maMtra, auSadhi yA jar3I-buTI se kisI kI mRtyu TalatI nahIM hai|131 ata: sahAre ke rUpa meM eka mAtra dharma hI dikhAI par3atA hai| vyakti kA yahI socanA ki dharma kI zaraNa meM jAnA hI zreyaSkara hai, azaraNAnuprekSA hai| saMsArAnuprekSA - yaha jIva saMsAra ke cakkara meM pha~sakara sarvadA nAnA yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| kabhI zubha karmoM ke vazIbhUta hokara svarga kA Ananda letA hai, to kabhI azubha karmoM ke vazIbhUta hokara naraka kI yAtanA sahatA hai| aise hI nimna yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| saMsAra ke svarUpa kA aisA cintana karanA saMsArAnuprekSA kahalAtA hai|132 ekatvAnuprekSA - saMsAra meM jitane bhI sambandha haiM, cAhe vaha mA~ kA ho yA pitA kA ho yA phira bhAI kA ho, sabhI mithyA haiN| isa saMsAra meM jIva akelA paidA hotA hai aura akelA maratA hai| sukha-duHkha, pIr3A, zoka, vedanA Adi usI jIva ko sahana karane par3ate haiN| isa taraha kA cintana karanA ekatvAnuprekSA kahalAtA hai| anyatvAnuprekSA - saMsAra evaM saMsAra kI vastue~ saba mujhase bhinna haiN| saMsAra jar3a hai, maiM cetana huuN| ata: bAhya vastuoM kA cetana (jIva) se koI sambandha nahIM hai| aisA cintana karanA anyatvAnuprekSA hai|133 __ azucitvAnuprekSA - rudhira, mAMsa Adi aneka vIbhatsa vastuoM ke saMyoga se banA yaha zarIra atyanta azuci hai| ise snAna vilepanAdi se kisI prakAra zuddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, aisI bhAvanA azucitvAnuprekSA hai| AsravAnuprekSA - Asrava ke svarUpa kA cintana karanA AsravAnuprekSA hai| saMvarAnuprekSA- Asrava kA nirodha saMvara hai| yahA~ se mokSa kI prakriyA prArambha hotI hai jisameM Ate hue naye karmoM ko rokane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai- bhAva-saMvara evaM dravya- sNvr| sAdhaka jaba una naitika prayatnoM ke lie utsuka hotA hai jinase naye karma roke jAte haiM, taba use bhAva saMvara kahate haiM aura jaba nae karmoM kA AnA banda ho jAtA hai taba use dravya saMvara kahate haiN| saMvara kA isa prakAra cintana karanA saMvarAnuprekSA hai|

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 165 nirjarAnuprekSA- nirjarA kA artha hotA hai-karma-kSaya aura usase honevAlI AtmasvarUpa kI uplbdhi| ata: AtmA ke zuddha-nirmala rUpa kA cintana karanA hI nirjarAnuprekSA kahalAtA hai|134 dharmAnuprekSA - dharma hI guru aura mitra hai, dharma hI svAmI aura bandhu hai| kSamAdi dasa dharmoM kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA dharmAnuprekSA hai| lokAnuprekSA - yaha saMsAra anAdi aura ananta hai| yaha na to kisI ke dvArA banAyA gayA hai aura na hI dhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kA cintana karanA lokAnuprekSA kahalAtA hai| bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA - AtmajJAna kA cintana karanA hI bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA hai, kyoMki cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karanevAle jIvoM ke lie cAra bAtoM kI prApti atyanta durlabha hai- manuSyatva, zruti, zraddhA evaM saMyama meM purussaarth|235 ina cAra durlabha tattvoM kA sahArA lekara hI sAdhaka AtmasvarUpa kI prApti yA jJAna-prApti kA puruSArtha karatA hai| isa prakAra uparyukta bAraha anuprekSAoM ke pAlana meM sAdhaka saMsAra sambandhI du:kha, sukha, pIr3A, janma-maraNa Adi kA cintana-manana karatA huA antarmukhI vRtti ko prApta karatA hai aura usakI rAgadveSAdi kI bhAvanA kSINa hotI hai, phalata: vaha Atmazuddhi kI prApti karatA hai| parISaha samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA parISaha kahalAtA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- mArga se cyuta na hone aura karmoM ke kSayArtha jo sahana karane yogya ho, parISaha hai|136 yadyapi tapazcaryA meM bhI kaSToM ko sahana karanA par3atA hai, lekina tapazcaryA meM svecchA se kaSTa sahana kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki parISaha meM svecchA se kaSTa sahana nahIM kiyA jAtA balki zramaNamuni Adi jIvana meM niyamoM kA paripAlana karate hue Akasmika rUpa se yadi koI saMkaTa upasthita ho jAtA hai, to use sahana karanA par3atA hai| parISahoM kI saMkhyA bAIsa batAyI gayI hai| ina parISahoM ko jItanA sAdhaka ke lie Avazyaka hai, kyoMki parISaha-vijaya ke binA citta kI caMcalatA samApta nahIM hotI, mana ekAgra nahIM hotaa| phalata: na samyak dhyAna hotA hai aura na karmoM kA kSaya hI ho pAtA hai| tattvArthasUtra, 137 uttarAdhyayanara38 tathA samavAyAMgara 39 ke anusAra bAIsa parISaha nimnalikhita haiM- kSudhA-parISaha, tRSA-parISaha, zIta-parISaha, uSNa-parISaha, daMzamazaka- parISaha, acela-parISaha, arati-parISaha, strI-parISaha, caryA-parISaha, niSadhA-parIzaha, zayyA- parISaha, Akroza-parISaha, vadha-parISaha, yAcanA-parISaha, alAbha-parISaha, roga-parISaha, taNa-sparzaparISaha, mala-parISaha, satkAra-parISaha, prajJA-parISaha, ajJAna-parISaha aura darzana- priissh|

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166 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana bauddha paramparA bauddha-paramparA bhI jaina paramparA kI bhA~ti yoga-sAdhanA ke AdhArabhUta tattva ke rUpa meM AcAra ko hI mAnyatA detI hai| antara itanA hI hai ki jaina paramparA jisa vizeSa prakriyA ke lie AcAra zabda kA prayoga karatI hai, usI vizeSa prakriyA ke lie bauddha paramparA meM zIla zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaisA ki vizuddhimArga meM kahA gayA hai zIla kA tAtparya dharma ko dhAraNa karanA, kartavyoM meM pravRtta honA tathA akartavyoM se parAGgamukha honA hai|140 parantu itanA avazya hai ki bauddha-paramparA meM gRhasthoM kI apekSA zramaNoM (bhikSuoM) ke AcAra-vicAra, khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana Adi se sambandhita niyama-upaniyamoM kA vidhAna vizeSa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| vizuddhimArga meM hI AcAra kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki yadi bhikSu alpazruta bhI ho, kintu zIlavAn ho to zIla hI usakI prazaMsA kA kAraNa hotA hai| usake lie zruta apane-Apa pUrNa ho jAtA hai| isake viparIta yadi bhikSu bahuzruta bhI hai; kintu duHzIla hai to duHzIlatA usakI nindA kA kAraNa hai aura usake lie sukha bhI sukhadAyaka nahIM hotA hai|141 bauddha paramparA kI AcAra-paddhati bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- zrAvakAcAra tathA shrmnnaacaar| donoM ne antara pAyA jAnA svAbhAvika hai kintu kahIM-kahIM zrAvaka aura zramaNa ke AcAra meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM dikhAI par3atA hai| zrAvakoM kI AcArasaMhitA sarvaprathama zrAvaka meM samyak-zraddhA kA honA Avazyaka hai arthAt use buddha, dharma aura saMgha meM zraddhA rakhate hue yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki bhagavAn kA zrAvaka-saMgha sUpratipanna hai, bhagavAn kA zrAvaka-saMgha Rju pratiprana hai, bhagavAn kA zrAvaka-saMgha nyAya pratipanna hai, bhagavAn kA zrAvaka-saMgha ucita patha pratipanna hai, yaha Adara karane yogya hai, yaha satkAra karane yogya hai, yaha dakSiNA ke yogya hai, yaha hAtha jor3ane yogya hai| yaha azuddha citta kI zuddhi tathA maile citta kI nirmalatA kA kAraNa hai|142 gRhastha upAsaka ke lie 'aSTa-zIla' kA varNana AtA hai| jinameM pA~ca142to sAmAnya zIla haiM tathA tIna uposatha zIla haiN| ye isa prakAra haiMpaMcazIla ahiMsA-saMsAra ke sabhI trasa evaM sthAvara prANiyoM ke prati hiMsA kA tInoM karaNa se tyAga arthAt na to prANI kA vadha karanA cAhie, na karavAnA cAhie aura na karane kI dUsaroM ko anumati hI denI caahie| .

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 167 acaurya-binA anumati kisI dUsare kI vastu ko na lenA arthAt na kisI kI vastu ko curAnA cAhie, na curavAnA cAhie na curAne kI anumati hI denI caahie| yAnI corI kA sarvathA tyAga kara denA hI acaurya zIla hai| brahmacarya - ise svapatnI saMtoSa bhI kahA jAtA hai| jalate koyale kI bhA~ti abrahmacarya kA tyAga kara denA caahie| amRSAvAda - na to svayaM asatya bolanA cAhie, na bolavAnA cAhie aura na hI kisI ko bolane kI anumati hI denI caahie| madyapAna viramaNazIla- isa dharma kA icchuka gRhastha madyapAna kA pariNAma unmAda jAnakara na to usakA sevana kare, na sevana karAye aura na karane kI anumati de / tIna uposatha vikAla bhojana parityAga - rAtri evaM vikAla meM bhojana kA tyAga honA caahie| mAlya gandha viramaNa - mAlA evaM sugandha kA sevana nahIM karanA / ucca zayyA viramaNa- ucca zayyA kA tyAga kara kATha, jamIna Adi para vizrAma karanA / dIghanikAya meM bhI gRhastha jIvana se sambandhita kucha niyamoM kA ullekha dekhane ko milatA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 1. niyamapUrvaka hamezA prayatnazIla rahate hue dhanopArjana karanA / 145 2. upArjita dhana ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara eka bhAga kA upabhoga karanA cAhie, do bhAgoM ko punaH vyavasAya meM lagAnA cAhie tathA eka bhAga ko bhaviSya ke ApattikAla ke lie surakSita rakhanA cAhie / 146 3. gRhastha upAsaka ke lie mAtA-pitA pUrva dizA haiM, AcArya dakSiNa dizA haiM, strI evaM putra pazcima dizA haiM, mitra evaM amAtya uttara dizA haiM, dAsa evaM naukara adhodizA haiM, zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa urdhva dizA haiN| ataH ina cha: dizAoM ko acchI taraha namaskAra kara unakI yathAyogya sevA karanI caahie| " | 147 4. buddhimAna, sadAcAra parAyaNa, snehI, pratibhAvAna, nivRtti vRttivAlA, AtmasaMyamI, udyogI, Apatti meM nahIM DiganevAlA nirantara kArya karanevAlA zrAvaka hI medhAvI hotA hai, yaza ko prApta karatA hai| ataH ina guNoM ko apane vyAvahArika jIvana meM utArakara yazasvI jIvana jInA cAhie / 148

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 5. hiMsA, corI, jhUTha aura parastrIgamana, juA, kusaMgati, Alasya, atinidrA, anartha karanA, lar3anA-jhagar3anA aura atikRpaNatA, madyapAna Adi kaluSita karma se bacanA cAhie / 149 niSiddha vyApAra parityAga 168 bauddha grantha aMguttaranikAya 150 ke nikAya pA~ca meM gRhastha upAsaka ke lie pA~ca akaraNIya vyApAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai 1. astroM-zastroM kA vyApAra, 2. prANiyoM kA vyApAra, 3. mAMsa kA vyApAra, 4. madya kA vyApAra, 5. viSa kA vyApAra, ina pA~ca vyApAroM ke atirikta bhI dIghanikAya ke lakkhaNasutta 151 meM buddha ne anya nimna jIvikAoM ko bhI garhaNIya mAnA hai (1) tarAjU evaM baTakhAre kI ThagI (2) mApa kI ThagI (3) rizvata kI lena-dena (4) vaMcanA (5) kRtaghnatA (6) sAciyoga (kuTilatA) (7) chedana (8) kisI bhI jIva kA vadha (9) bandhana (10) DAkA evaM lUTapATa kI jIvikA / zramaNoM kI AcAra saMhitA bauddha paramparA meM zramaNa jIvana ko prathama tathA gRhastha jIvana ko dvitIya sthAna prApta hai / buddha ne hamezA zramaNa jIvana ko sarvocca mAnate hue zramaNa jIvana ko prAthamikatA dI hai / 152 dhammapada meM zramaNa jIvana kA sAra batAte hue kahA gayA hai- "samasta pApoM ko nahIM karanA, kuzala karmoM kA sampAdana karanA evaM citta zuddha rakhanA hI zramaNa jIvana kA sAra hai / 153 isI meM Age kahA gayA hai ki jo choTe-bar3e sabhI pApoM kA zamana karatA hai, use pApa kA zamanakartA hone ke kAraNa zramaNa kahA jAtA hai / 154 ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM zramaNa-jIvana se tAtparya icchAoM evaM AsaktiyoM se Upara uThanA tathA pApavRttiyoM kA zamana karanA mAnA gayA hai, ThIka usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI tRSNA kA parityAga evaM pApavRttiyoM kA zamana hI zramaNa jIvana kA hArda hai / paMca mahAvrata bauddha-paramparA meM upAsakoM ke lie paMcazIla, jisakA varNana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai tathA zramaNoM ke lie dasa zIla kA varNana AtA hai| zramaNoM ke isa dasa zIla meM hI

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yoga-ra -sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 169 paMcazIla kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| bhikSuoM ke lie daza zIla 155 nimnalikhita haiM 1. prANAtipAta - viramaNa 2. adattAdAna - viramaNa 3. abrahmacarya yA kAmesumicchAcAra - viramaNa 4. mRSAvAda - viramaNa 5. surAmadyamaireya - viramaNa 6. vikAla bhojanaviramaNa 7. nRtya-gIta-vAditra - viramaNa 8. mAlyadhAraNa, gandha vilepana - viramaNa 9. ucca zayyA - viramaNa 10. jAtarUpa rajata grahaNa- viramaNa | prANAtipAta - viramaNa - bauddha paramparA meM mana, vacana aura kAya se kRta, kArita aura anumodita hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM ko usI prakAra se dekhanA cAhie jisa prakAra mA~ apane ekalaute putra ko dekhatI hai| 156 ataH sabhI ko yaha socanA cAhie ki jaisA maiM hU~, vaisA hI dUsarA bhI hai tathA jaisA dUsarA hai, vaisA hI maiM huuN| isa taraha AtmasadRza mAnakara na to kisI kA ghAta karanA cAhie aura na hI karavAnA cAhie / ghAta karanevAlA kabhI bhI Arya kahalAne ke yogya nahIM hotA hai| parantu yahA~ dhyAna dene kI AvazyakatA hai ki bauddha paramparA meM bhI vanaspati, pRthvI Adi ko sUkSma prANiyoM se yukta mAnA gayA hai aisA kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vanaspati ko tor3anA tathA bhUmi ko khodanA Adi bhikSu ke lie varjita hai, inameM prANiyoM kI hiMsA hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / 157 adattAdAna - viramaNa - koI bhI vastu binA usake svAmI kI AjJA ke grahaNa karanA adattAdAna hai| vinayapiTaka meM kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu binA dI huI vastu grahaNa karatA hai to vaha apane zramaNa pada se cyuta ho jAtA hai| 158 itanA hI nahIM yadi koI bhikSu phUla ko sU~ghatA hai to vaha corI karatA hai / 159 ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha AcAryoM na kevala una bAhya vastuoM ke sandarbha meM hI asteya vrata ko svIkAra kiyA hai jinakA koI svAmI ho, balki yaha bhI mAnA hai ki jaMgala se bhI binA dI huI vastu lenA aparAdha hai| abrahmacarya - viramaNa - bhikSuoM ke lie strI - samparka kA sarvathA niSedha hai| ise hama buddha aura Ananda ke saMvAda dvArA spaSTa rUpa se jAna sakate haiN| buddha ke parinirvANa ke pUrva unake priya ziSya Ananda ne prazna kiyA - 160 --- bhagavAn! hama striyoM ke sAtha kaisA bartAva kareM ? buddha ne kahA- unheM mata dekho| Ananda ne punaH prazna kiyA ki yadi ve dikhAI deM, to hama kaisA vyavahAra kareM? buddha ne kahA- he Ananda! AlApa yAnI bAtacIta nahIM karanI caahie|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 170 __ Ananda ne punaH pUchA ki yadi unake sAtha bAtacIta kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAe to? buddha ne kahA- aisI sthiti meM bhikSu ko apanI sthiti ko sambhAle rakhanA caahie| vinayapiTaka meM bhikSu ke lie strI kA sparza to kyA bhikSu kA ekAnta meM bhikSuNI ke sAtha baiThanA bhI aparAdha hai|161 mRSAvAda-viramaNa - bhikSu ko satyabhASI honA caahie| suttanipAtta ke anusAra bhikSu ko na svayaM asatya bolanA cAhie, na anya se asatya bolavAnA cAhie aura na hI kisI ko asatya bolane kI anumati denI caahie|162 parantu jo vacana satya ho para ahitakara ho use nahIM bolanA cAhie, lekina jo satya ho, vaha priya ho yA apriya, hitakArI dRSTi se bolanA Avazyaka hai to use bola denA caahie|163 inake atirikta bhI kucha aise vacana haiM jinakA prayoga bhikSu ko nahIM karanA caahie| ve vacana isa prakAra haiM-164 1. bhikSu ko hamezA zuddha, ucita, arthapUrNa, tarkapUrNa tathA mUlyavAna vacana bolanA caahie| 2. jAnabUjha kara asatya nahIM bolanA caahie| 3. apamAna janaka zabdoM kA upayoga nahIM karanA caahie| 4. bhikSu ko gRhastha sambandhI kAryoM se vaMcita rahanA caahie| 5. gRhasthocita bhASA kA prayoga bhI bhikSu ke lie varjita hai| 6. sadaiva kaThora vacana kA parityAga kara namra evaM madhura vacana bolanA caahie|165 surAmadyamaireya-viramaNa - bhikSu aura gRhastha donoM ke lie surApAna, madyapAna Adi nazIlI vastuoM kA sevana sarvathA varjita hai| vikAla bhojana-viramaNa - vikAla bhojana arthAt 12 baje dina ke pazcAt tathA rAtri bhojana donoM hI bauddha bhikSuoM ke lie tyAjya hai| jaisA ki bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai-he bhikSuoM! maiMne rAtri-bhojana chor3a diyA, usase mere zarIra meM vyAdhiyA~ kama ho gayI haiM, jADya kama ho gayA hai, zarIra meM bala A gayA hai, citta ko zAMti milI hai| he bhikSuoM! tuma bhI aisA hI AcaraNa rkho| yadi tuma rAtri meM bhojana karanA chor3a doge to tumhAre zarIra meM vyAdhi kama hogI, jADya kama hogA, zarIra meM bala AyegA aura tumhAre citta ko zAMti milegii|166 nRtyagAna vAdina-viramaNa - bhikSuoM ko kisI nRtya, saMgIta meM bhAga lene kA

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 171 vidhAna nahIM hai| aMguttaranikAya meM kahA gayA hai- he bhikSuoM yaha jo gAnA hai, vaha Aryavinaya ke anusAra ronA hai, yaha jo nAcanA hai vaha Arya-vinaya ke anusAra pAgalapana hI hai| bhikSuoM yaha jo dera taka dA~ta nikAla kara ha~sanA hai vaha Arya-vinaya ke anusAra bacapana hI hai| ataH bhikSuoM yaha jo gAnA hai, yaha setu kA ghAta mAtra hI hai, yaha jo nAcanA hai, yaha setu kA ghAta mAtra hI hai| dharmAnandI santa puruSoM kA muskurAnA hI paryApta hai / 167 jaina paramparA meM alaga se isa vrata kA vidhAna nahIM hai / yadyapi muniyoM ke lie nRtyAdi kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| mAlyagandha dhAraNa- viramaNa kisI bhI prakAra kI mAlA dhAraNa karanA, sugandhita padArthoM kA vilepana karanA, zarIra zrRMgAra yA AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karanA Adi uposatha zIladhArI zrAvaka evaM bhikSu donoM ke lie varjita kiyA gayA hai| - uccazayyA, mahAzayyA - viramaNa bhikSuoM ke lie kisI bhI prakAra kI ArAmadAyaka vastue~ jinase unakA zrAmaNya cyuta hotA ho, varjita hai| isIlie gaddI, takiyA Adi se yukta uccazayyA para sonA bhikSu ke lie manA kiyA gayA hai| buddha ne kahA hai - he bhikSuoM ! isa samaya bhikSu loga lakar3I ke bane takhta para sote haiM, apane udyoga meM AtApI aura apramata hokara vihAra karate haiN| pApI mAra inake viruddha koI dAva~-peca nahIM pA rahA hai| bhikSuoM! bhaviSyakAla meM bhikSu loga gaddedAra bichAvana para gulagula takiye lagAkara dina car3ha Ane taka soye rheNge| jisase unake viruddha pApI mAra dAva~-peca kara skegaa| isalie he bhikSuoM! tumhe yaha lakar3I ke bane hue takhta para sonA cAhie, apane udyoga meM AtApI hokara aura apramata hokara vihAra karanA cAhie, sIkhanA cAhie / 168 - jAtarUpa rajata-viramaNa - jIvanayApana ke lie bauddha mAnyatA ke anusAra bhikSu ko tricIvara bhikSA pAtra, pAnI chAnane ke lie channe se yukta pAtra, ustarA Adi sImita vastueM rakhane kA vidhAna hai| jaisA suttanipAta meM kahA gayA hai ki muni ko parigraha meM lipta nahIM rahanA caahie| kyoMki manuSya khetI, vAstu, hiraNya, go, azva, dAsa Adi aneka padArthoM kI lAlasA karatA hai, phalataH vAsanAe~ use dabAtI haiM aura bAdhAe~ mardana karatI haiN| taba vaha pAnI meM TUTI nAva kI taraha duHkha ke ghere meM par3atA hai / 169 itanA hI nahIM balki yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu saMgha yA gRhastha upAsakoM ke dvArA prApta vastuoM ko mAtra upayoga meM lA sakatA hai, parantu usakA svAmI nahIM kahalA sktaa| tIna gupti (karma) bauddha paramparA meM gupti ke sthAna para karma zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| aise suttanipAta meM eka jagaha gupti zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 170 mana, vacana aura kAya se

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 172 aprazasta pravRttiyoM ko rokanA gupti hai / 171 buddha ne kahA hai- mana, vacana aura zarIra tIna zucibhAva haiM / 172 nirlobhI honA, akrodhI honA, samyak dRSTivAlA honA mana kA zuci bhAva hai| isI prakAra asatya se virata rahanA, cugalI khAne se virata rahanA, vyartha bolane se virata rahanA vacana zucitA tathA prANI hiMsA se virata rahanA, corI se virata rahanA, kAmabhoga sambandhI mithyAcAra se virata rahanA zarIra zucitA hai| samitiyA~ bauddha granthoM meM samiti kA kahIM spaSTa ullekha nahI milatA hai| hA~ ! kahIM-kahIM kucha aise tathya avazya milate haiM jinako samitiyoM kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| yathA- saMyuktanikAya meM buddha ne kahA hai- bhikSuoM, bhikSu Ane-jAne meM saceta rahatA hai, dekhane-bhAlane meM saceta rahatA hai, sameTane - pasArane meM saceta rahatA hai / saMghATI, pAtra aura cIvara dhAraNa karane meM saceta rahatA hai| mala-mUtra visarjana meM saceta rahatA hai| isa prakAra jAte, khar3e hote, baiThate, jAgate, kahate, cupa rahate saceta rahatA hai / 173 isI prakAra anya graMthoM meM bhI samitiyoM ke varNana upalabdha hote haiN| vinayapiTaka evaM suttanipAta ke anusAra 1. AvAgamana kI kriyA meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka manthara gati se gamana karanA cAhie, gamana karate samaya variSTha bhikSuoM se Age nahIM calanA caahie| sAtha hI calate samaya najara nIce kI ora rakhanI cAhie tathA na to jora-jora se ha~sanA cAhie aura na bAtacIta hI karate hue calanA cAhie / 174 jaina paramparA meM ise IrSyA samiti kahA jAtA hai| 2. bhikSAvRtti ke samaya bhikSu cupacApa rahe, rAtri bItane para subaha bhikSuoM ko bhikSA ke lie gA~va meM paiThanA caahie| yadi bhikSA meM kucha mile to acchA nahIM mile to acchaa| isa taraha donoM avasthAoM meM avicalita rahakara vana meM calA Aye / bhikSu na to kisI kA nimaMtraNa svIkAra kare aura na hI kisI dvArA lAye gaye bhojana ko grahaNa kre| 175 jaina paramparA meM ise eSaNA- samiti kahA gayA hai| 3. asamaya meM vicaraNa na karanA / asamaya meM vicaraNa karanevAle ko AsaktiyA~ laga jAtI haiN| ataH asamaya meM jJAnI puruSa ko vicaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie / 176 yaha bhI eSaNA-samiti ke antargata hI AtA hai| 4. vANI meM saMyama rakhanA, mittabhASI honA, vinIta honA, jo vinIta hotA hai vahI dharma aura artha ko prakAzita karatA hai / 177 jaina paramparA meM ise bhASA samiti kahate haiM / isI taraha avivekapUrNa vacana na bolakara vivekapUrNa vacana bolanA cAhie /

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 173 isa prakAra bauddha paramparA meM yadyapi samitiyoM kA svataMtra rUpa se kahIM varNana nahIM miltaa| phira bhI, bhikSuoM ke AvAgamana, bhASA, bhikSA evaM vastuoM ke AdAna-pradAna va mala-mUtra visarjana Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| parISaha bauddha paramparA meM bhI bhikSu jIvana meM AnevAle kaSToM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM 22parISahoM kA varNana AyA hai| jise eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki bauddha paramparA meM ise bAdhaka tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA unase bacane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| aMguttaranikAya ke anusAra duHkhapUrvaka, tIvra, prakhara, kaTu, pratikUla, burI, prANahara zArIrika vedanAeM Adi ko sahana karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie|178 isI prakAra suttanipAta meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki dhIra, smRtivAna, saMyata AcaraNavAle bhikSu ko DasanevAlI makkhiyoM se, sarpo se, pApI manuSyoM ke dvArA dI jAnevAlI pIr3A se tathA catuSpadoM se bhayabhIta nahIM honA cAhie, balki ina bAdhAoM kA sAmanA karanA caahie| roga, pIr3A, bhUkha-vedanA Adi ko sahana karanA caahie|179 ata: bhikSuoM ko prajJApUrvaka kalyANarata ho una bAdhAoM ko dUra karanA cAhie, jo sAdhanA-mArga meM bAdhaka haiN|180 tulanA jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM yoga-sAdhanA ke AdhArabhUta tattvoM kA adhyayana karane para jo samAnatAe~ aura viSamatAe~ ubharakara sAmane AyIM, ve isa prakAra haiM 1. donoM paramparAoM meM gRhastha upAsaka ke lie niSiddha vyavasAyoM kA varNana milatA hai| yadi antara hai to ye ki jaina paramparA meM usakI saMkhyA 15 hai tathA bauddha paramparA meM 5 hai| 2. jaina paramparA meM gRhastha upAsakoM ke lie jahA~ mahAvratoM ko saralatA kA rUpa pradAna karate hue aNuvratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, vahIM bauddha paramparA meM paMcazIla kA varNana dekhane ko milatA hai| yadi antara hai to yaha ki bauddha paramparA meM bhikSu aura gRhastha donoM ke lie paMcazIla kI eka hI paddhati batAyI gayI hai| jaisA ki bauddhacaryA meM varNana hai ki gRhastha upAsaka ke lie varNita prANAtipAta-viramaNa meM zrAvaka ko sthAvara evaM basa donoM hI prANiyoM kI hiMsA se virata rahanA hai| jabaki eka zrAvaka ke lie sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se vaMcita raha pAnA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa|

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174 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 3. jaina paramparA meM aNuvratoM kA pAlana jahA~ cha: bhaMgoM meM kiyA jAtA hai vahIM bauddha paramparA meM nau bhaMgoM se pAlana karane kA vidhAna hai, kyoMki suttanipAta meM hiMsA viramaNa, mRSA viramaNa aura adattAdAna viramaNa meM kRta, kArita aura anumodita kI koTiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jo manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA kI dRSTi se nau ho jAte haiN| 4. jaina paramparA meM pA~ca aNuvratoM ke sAtha tIna guNavratoM kI pratijJA jIvanaparyanta ke lie hotI hai| isI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI paMcazIla ko jIvanaparyanta ke lie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bauddha paramparA ke zeSa tIna zIla jinheM uposatha zIla kahA jAtA hai, zikSAvratoM ke samAna eka vizeSa avadhi ke lie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 5. jaina paramparA ke paMcamahAvrata evaM rAtribhojana-niSedha tathA bauddha paramparA ke dasa bhikSuzIla meM bahuta kucha samAnatAe~ dekhane ko milatI haiN| phira bhI, kucha asamAnatAe~ bhI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| jaisA ki varNita hai jaina paramparA meM zramaNa kRta, kArita aura anumodita hiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha auddezika hiMsA se bhI bacate haiN| auddezika hiMsA se abhiprAya hai yadi koI zramaNa ke nimitta se hiMsA karatA hai aura zramaNa ko yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki usake nimitta se hiMsA kI gayI hai to zramaNa aise hiMsaka upAyoM se prApta AhAra Adi ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| jabaki buddha prANIvadha ke dvArA nirmita mAMsa Adi ko to niSiddha mAnate the, lekina sAmAnya bhojana kA ve auddezikatA se vicAra nahIM karate the| isakA mUla kAraNa unakA agni, jala Adi ko jIva na mAnanA pratIta hotA hai| 6. jaina paramparA meM apriya satya vacana ko hitabuddhi se bolanA varjita mAnA gayA haiM, jabaki bauddha paramparA meM apriya satya vacana ko hita buddhi se bolanA varjita nahIM mAnA gayA hai| 7. jaina paramparA meM zIloM kA pAlana bar3I hI kaThoratA se kiyA jAtA hai, vahIM bauddha paramparA meM utanI kaThoratA kA vidhAna nahIM hai| zIthilatA sambandhI daNDa-vyavasthA kI carcA agale adhyAya meM kI gayI hai| 8. jaina paramparA meM guptiyoM aura samitiyoM kA vidhAna hai| bauddha paramparA meM kahIM spaSTa rUpa se varNana to nahIM milatA, kintu tIna guptiyoM aura pA~ca samitiyoM se sambandhita kucha kathana milate haiM, jinheM guptiyoM aura samitiyoM ke rUpa meM vyavahRta kara sakate haiN| 9. jaina paramparA kI bhA~ti bauddha paramparA meM zrAvakoM ke lie parigraha-parimANa evaM dizA-parimANa kA kahIM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 10. jaina paramparA meM 22 parISaha mAnya haiM aura unheM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| jabaki bauddha paramparA meM parISahoM kI saMkhyA spaSTa nahIM hai|

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 175 hA~! itanA jarura kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu jIvana meM AnevAle kaSToM ko samabhAvapUrNa sahana karanA caahie| sAtha hI bauddha paramparA meM parISahoM ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka tattva ke rUpa meM se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sandarbha 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. caturvarge'graNI mokSo, yogostasya ca kAraNam / jJAna- zraddhAna - cAritrarUpaM, ratnatrayaM ca saH // yogazAstra, 1 / 15 jJAnadarzanayoH karaNasAdhanatvaM karmasAdhanacAritrazabdaH / tattvArthavArtika, 1 1/4 saMsArakAraNavinivRttiM pratyAgUrNasya jJAnavato bAhyAbhyantarakriyAvizeSoparamaH samyakcAritram-saMsAra: paMcavidhaH dravyakSetrakAlabhavabhAvaparivartanabhedAt / tasya kAraNaM karma aSTivadham, tasya vizeSaNAtyantikI nivRttiH saMsArakAraNa vinivRttiH, tAM pratyAgUrNasyodyatasya, samyagdRSTiH prazasta jJAnaH tasya jJAnavataH / kriyAM kriyAntarAdviziSyate yena savizeSa: viziSTirvA vizeSaH / sa dvividho bAhya aabhyntrshceti|... tasyoparamaH samyak caaritrimtyucyte| vahI, 1/1/3 jJAnavata.. dhyAnaM manaH samAyuktaM manastatra calAcalam / vazyaM yena kRtaM tasya bhavedvazyaM jagattrayam // yogapradIpa, 79 yogasya heturmanasaH samAdhiH paraM nidAnaM tapasazcaH yogaH / tapazca mUlaM zivazarma vallaya manaH samAdhiM bhaja ttkthNcit| adhyAtmakalpadruma, 9/15 iha vikSiptaM yAtAyAtaM zliSTaM tathA sulInaM ca / cetazcatuH prakAraM tajjJacamatkArakAri bhavet // yogazAstra, 12/2 zliSTaM sthirasAnandaM sulInamatinizcalaM paramAnandam / tanmAtraka - viSayagrahamubhayamapi budhaistadAmnAtam ||vhii, 12/4 praNidhipravRtividhnajayasiddhiviniyogabhedataH prAyaH / dharmmajJairAkhyAtaH zubhAzayaH paMcadhA'tra vidhau / / SoDazaka, 3/6 vahI, 3 / 7-11 9. 10. cAritriNastu vijJeyaH zuddhayapekSo yathottaram / dhyAnAdirUpo niyamAt tathA tAttvika eva tu // yogabindu, 371 11. jaina AcAra, DaoN0 mehatA, pR0 - 83 12. pAkSikAdibhidA tredhA, zrAvakastatra pAkSikaH / taddharmagRhyastanniSTho, naiSThikaH sAdhakaH svayuk // dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 1/20 13. cAritrasAra, pR0 - 20 14. tatra ca gRhasthadharmo'pi dvividha:- sAmAnyato vizeSatazceti / dharmabinduprakaraNam, 1/2 15. jaina AcAra, DaoN0 mehatA, pR0 - 83, 84

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176 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 16. samyaktvamUlAni paMcANuvratAni gunnaastryH| zikSApadAni catvAri, vratAni gRhmedhinaam| yogazAstra, 2/1 17. cAritra prAbhRta, aSTa prAbhRta,22-23 18. dharmAmRta (sAgAra),2/2 19. dazavaikAlika,4/7; yogazAstra, 2/18 20. yogazAstra, 2/18 21. sthUlaprANAtipAtAdibhyo viratiraNuvratAni pnyceti| dharmabinduprakaraNam, 3/16 22. upAsakadazAMga, 1,13 23. yogazAstra, 2/21 24. samaNovAsagassa NaM bhNte| puvAmeva vaNassatisamAraMbhe paccakkhAte, se ya puDhaviM khaNamANe annayarassa rukkhassa mUlaM chiMdejjA, se NaM bhNte| taM vataM aticarati? No iNaDhe samaThe, no khalu se tassa ativAtAe AuTTati / vyAkhyAprajJapti, 7/1/8 25. upAsakadasAo, 45 tathA tattvArthasUtra,7/20 26. upAsakadazAMga,14 27. zrAvaka pratikramaNa, dUsarA annuvrt| 28. kanyAgobhUmyalIkAni, nyAsApaharaNaM tthaa| kUTasAkSyaMca paMceti, sthUlAsatyAnyakIrtayan ||yogshaastr, 2/54 29. puruSArthasiddhiyupAya,91-98 30. amitagati zrAvakAcAra,6/49-54 31. upAsakAdhyayana,383 32. upAsakadazAMga, 1/42 tathA dekheM mithyopdeshrhsyaabhyaakhyaankuuttlekhkriyaanyaasaaphaarsaakaarmntrbhedaaH|tttvaarthsuutr, 7/21 33. jainadharma, pR0-187 34. dharmAmRta (sAgAra),4/45 35. puruSArthasiddhiyupAya,187 36. amitagati zrAvakAcAra,7/4 37. yogazAstra, 3/91 38. dharmabindu, 3/24 39. divase vA rajanyAM vA, svapne vA jAgare'pi vaa| sazalya iva cauu~Na, naiti svAsthyaM naraH kvacit / / yogazAstra, 2/70 40. upAsakadazAMga, 1/43 tathA yogazAstra, 3/92 41. parasvasyApradatasyAdAnaM steymudaahRtm| sarvasvAdhInatoyAderanyatra tanmataMsatAm / / prabodhasAra, 61 42. upAsakadazAMga, 1/44 43. amitagati zrAvakAcAra,6/46

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 177 44. 3/13 45. 7/20 46. 118 47. 338 48. 13/52 49. upAsakadazAMga, 1/44 tathA dekheM itvarAttAgamo'nAttAgatiranya-vivAhanam / madanAtyAgraho'naGgakrIr3A ca brahmaNi smRtaaH|| yogazAstra, 3/93 paravivAhakaraNetvaraparigRhItA'parigRhItAgamanAnaGgakrIDAtIvrakAmAbhinivezAH, tattvArtha sUtra, 7/23 50. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, 339-340 51. dhanadhAnyasya kupyasya, gavAdeH kssetrvaastunH| hiraNyahamnazca saMkhyA'tikramo'tra prigrhe|| yogazAstra, 3/94 tathA dekheM kssetrvaastuhirnnysuvrnndhndhaanydaasiidaaskupyprmaannaatikrmaaH| tattvArthasUtra; 7/24 52. dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 5/1 53. 1/11, 54. 7/16, 55. 448-459, 56. pR0-8, 57. 6/76-95, 58. 6/24, 59. pR0-7, 60. 361-386, 61. 5/1, 62. 3/1, 63. 7/21, 64. 18/46, 65. 214-216, 66. 10/65, 67. dazasvapi kRtA dikSu yatra sImA na laMdhyate / khyAtaM digviratiriti prathamaM tadguNavrataM / / yogazAstra, 3/1 68. digvalayaM parigaNita kRtvAto'haM bahirna yAsyAmi / iti saGkalpo digvatamAmRtyaNupApavinivRtyai / / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 3/22 69. pIDA pApodezAdyaidehAdyarthAdvinA'GginAm / anarthadaNDastattyAgo'narthadaNDavrataM mattam / / dharmAmRta(sAgAra), 5/6 70. jaina dharma-darzana, DaoN0 mehatA, pR0-547 71. dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 5/20 72. tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 73. cAritra pAhuDa,25 74. harivaMzapurANa , 18/47 75. AdipurANa,10/66 76. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra,4/1 77. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, 352,355,358, 78. dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 5/24 / / 79. rAgadveSatyAgAnnikhiladravyeSu saamymvlmby| tattvolabdhimUlaM bahuza: sAmAyikaM kaarym|| puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 148 80. upAsakadazAMga, 1/49 81. catuSpA caturthAdi, kuvyaapaarnissedhtm| brahmacarya-kriyA-snAnAdityAga: possdhvrtm|| yogazAstra, 3/85 82. vahI, 3/117 83. vahI, 3/84

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178 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 84. dAnaM cturvidhhaarpaatraacchaadnsdmnaam| atithibhyo'tithisNvibhaagvrtmudiiritm|| vahI, 3/87 85. vahI, 3/118 86. jaina dharma-darzana, DaoN0 mehatA, pR0- 560 87. dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 3/2-3 88. dazAzrutaskandha,6-7, samavAyAMga, 11 89. vasunandizrAvakAcAra,205-301 90. jaina dharma-darzana, DaoN0 mehatA,pR0- 564 91. zrAvakapadAni devairekAdaza dezitAni yeSu khlu| svaguNAH pUrvagaNaiH saha santiSThante krmvivRddhaaH|| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 5/15 92. paMceva aNuvvayAI guNavvayAiM havaMti paNa tinnnni| sikkhAvayANi cattAri jANa vidiyammi ddhaannaammi|| vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 207 93. caturAvartatritayazcatuHpraNAma: sthito ythaajaat:| sAmayiko dvinissdystriyogshuddhstrisNdhymbhivndii|| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra,5/17 parvadineSu caturdhvapi mAse mAse svshktimniguhy| proSadha-niyama-vidhAyI praNidhiparaH prossdhaanshnH|| vahI, 7/140 95. dazAzrutaskandha, 6/7 96. nirUDhasaptaniSTho'GgighAtAGgatvAt karoti nA nakArayati kRssyaadiinaarmbhvirtstridhaa|| dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 7/21 97. mottUNa vatthamettaM pariggahaM jo vivajjae sesaM / tattha vi mucchaMNa karei jANai sosAvao Navamo // vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 299 navaniSThAparaH so'numatiNyuparata: tridhA / yo nAnumodate granthamArambhaM karma caihikam // dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 7/30 99. devasevA gurupAstiH svAdhyAyaH saMyamastapaH / dAnaM ceti gRhasthAnAM SaT karmANi dine-dine ||upaaskaadhyyn,46/911 100. yogazataka, 33,34,35, 101. mUlAcAra, 1/2-3 102. bolasaMgraha, bhAga 6, pR0-228 103. jaina dharma meM ahiMsA, DaoN0 sinhA, pR0-184 104. AcArAMgasUtra, 2/15/778 105. vahI, 106. vahI, 107. vahI, 108. vahI, 109. mUlAcAra, 290 110. tattvArthasUtra, pR0-169 111. vahI, 112. vahI, -113. vahI, 98.

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 114. tavesu vA uttama baMbhaceraM - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, uddhRta- prazna vyAkaraNa sampA0 upAdhyAya amaramuni, pR0-716 115. AcArAMgasUtra, 2/15/786 116. gAmaM NagaraM raNNaM thUlaM saccittaM bahu sapaDivakkhaM / ajjhattha bAhiratthaM tiviheNa pariggahaMvajje || mUlAcAra, 5 / 293 117. eyAo paMca samiIo, caraNassa ya pavattaNe / guttI niyattaNe vuttA asubhatthesu savvaso // utarAdhyayana,24/26 118. samyagyoganigraho guptiH / yogasAra ( yogIndu) dohA - 30, pR0 - 366 119. etAzcAritragAtrasya, jnnaatpripaalnaat| saMzodhanAcca sAdhUnAM mAtaro'STau prakIrttitA / / yogazAstra, 1/45 121. vahI, 24/2 120. uttarAdhyayana, 24/1 122. saMjJAdiparihAreNa yanmaunasyAvalambanam / vAgvRtteH saMvRtirvA yA, sA vAgguptirihocyate / / yogazAstra, 1/42 123. uttarAdhyayana, 24 / 23 124. thIrAjacorabhattakahAdivayaNassa paavheuss| parihAro vayaguttI alIyAdiNiyattivayaNaM / | niyamasAra, 67 125. vahI, 68 127. vahI, 24 / 26 128. tAzca saMvegavairAgyayamaprazamasiddhaye / AlAnitA manaH stamme munibhirmoktumicchubhiH / jJAnArNava, 2 / 6 130. uttarAdhyayana, 19 / 13 129. yogazAstra, 4/55-56 131. zAntasudhArasa, 2/4 132. yogazAstra, 4/66 126. uttarAdhyayana, 24 / 24-25 133. vahI, 4/70 134. jJAnArNava, 2 / 140-148 135. catAri paramaMgANi dullahANIha jantuNo / mANusataM suI saddhA saMjamaMsi ya vIriyaM / / uttarAdhyayana, 3 / 1 136. mArgA'cyavananirjarArthaM parisoDhavyAH parISahAH / tattvArthasUtra, 9/8 137. kSutpipAsAzItoSNadaMzamazakanAgnyAratistrIcaryAniSadyAzayyAkroza vadhayAcanA' lAbharorAtRRNasparzamalasatkArapuraskAraprajJAjJAnAdarzanAni / vahI, 9 / 9 138. uttarAdhyayana, dvitIya adhyayana 139. samavAyAMga, 22/1 140. vizuddhimArga (anu0 dharmarakSita), bhAga-1, pR0 19-25 141. vahI, pR0 49 142. aMguttaranikAya, nipAta- 5 179

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180 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 144. vahI, 26 / 24-26 146. vahI, 3/8/4 143. suttanipAta, 26 / 19-23 145. dIghanikAya, 3/8/4 147. puritthamA disA mAtApitaro veditabbA, uttarA disA mitrAmaccA veditabbA, heTTimA, disA dAsakammakarA veditabbA, uparimA disA samaNabrahmaNa veditabbA | vahI, 3/8/5 148. vahI, 3/8/5 149. vahI, 3/8/5,3/8/2 150. paJcimA, bhikkhave, vaNijjA upAsakena akaraNIyA / katamA paJca ? satthavaNijjA, sattavaNijjA, maMsavaNijjA, majjavaNijjA, visavarNijjA - imA, kho, bhikkhave, paJca vaNijjA upAsakena akaraNIyA / / aMguttaranikAya, nipAta- 5, pR0-454 151. dIrghanikAya lakkhaNasutta uddhRta jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 - 288 152. suttanipAta - 12/14-15 153. sabbapApassa akaraNaM kusalasya upasampadA sa cittapariyodapanaM, etaM buddhAna sAsanaM / / dhammapada, 183 (sampA0- paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ) 154. yo ca sameti pApAni aNuM thUlAni sabbaso / samitattA hi pApAnaM samaNoti pavuccati // vahI, 265 155. vinayapiTaka (mahAvagga), 1/56 156 . mAtA yathA niyaM puttaM AyusA eka puttamanurakse / evaM'pi sabbabhUtesu mAnasaM bhAvaye aparimANaM || suttanipAta 8/7 157. vinayapiTaka (paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana), pR0-23-31 158. vahI, pR0-8 159. saMyuktanikAya, 9 / 14 160. dIghanikAya, 2/3 161. vinayapiTaka (paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana), pR0 - 25 162. samaggato vA parisaggato vA / ekassa veko na musA bhaNeyya / na bhAsaye bhaNa taM nAnuJJA / sabbaM abhUtaM parivajjayeyya // suttanipAta 26 / 22 163. majjhimanikAya (abhayarAja sukta), 2/8/1-3, pR0-67-71 164. vinayapiTaka (pAtimokkha) pacittiya dhamma, pR0 - 23-25 165. saMyuktanikAya, 42/1, uddhRta jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga- 2, pR0 - 345

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yoga-sAdhanA kA AcAra pakSa 181 166. aJjana kho panAhaM bhikkhave, rattibhojanA bhuJjamAno appAbAdhate ca saJjAnAmi......... / etha, tumhe pi, bhikkhave, aJjatreva rattibhojanA bhuJjathA........... tumhe pi rattibhojanA bhuJjamAnA appAbadhataM ca saJjAnissatha appAtaGkataM ca tahuTThAnaM ca balaM ca phAsuvihAraM cA ti| majjhimanikAya, kITAgirisuttaM, 70 167. aMguttaranikAya, 3/103 168. saMyuktanikAya,19/8, uddhRta jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, 50-347 169. khetaM vatthu hiraja vA gavAssaM dAsaporisaM / thiyo bandhu puthU kAme yo naro anugcjhiti / / abalA naM balIyanti maddante naM parissayA / tato naM dukkhamanveti nAvaM bhinnamivodakaM // suttanipAta, 39/4-5 170. kAyagutto vacIguto AhAre udare yato / saccaM karomi nidAna soraccaM me pamocanaM / / suttanipAta,4/3 171. aMguttaranikAya, 3/120 / 172. vahI, 3/118 173. saMyuktanikAya, 34/5/1/7 174. vinayapiTaka, pR0-101-103 175. suttanipAta, 37/32-35 176. na ve vikAle vicareyya bhikkhu / gAmaM ca piNDAya careyya kAle / akalAcAriM hi sajanti sNgaa| tasmA vikAle na caranti buddhA / / vahI, 26/11 177. yo mukhasaJjato bhikkhU mantabhANI anuddhato / atthaM ghammaJca dIpeti madhuraM tassa bhAsitaM / / dhammapada, 363 178. aMguttaranikAya, 3/49 / 179. suttanipAta, 54/10-12 180. pakhaM purakkhatvA kalyANapIti / vikkhaMbhaye tAni parisyAni / aratiM sahetha sayanahni pante / caturo sahayya paridevadhamye // vahI, 54/15

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SaSTha adhyAya dhyAna bhAratIya yoga paramparA meM dhyAna kA apanA eka viziSTa-sthAna hai| bhAratIya paramparA kA aisA koI bhI sampradAya yA darzana (cArvAka ko chor3akara) nahIM hai jisane yoga yA dhyAna-prakriyA ko svIkAra na kiyA ho| cAhe vaha brAhmaNa paramparA ho yA shrmnn| sabhI ne dhyAna kI mahattA para prakAza DAlA hai aura use apanI caryA-paddhati meM sarvazreSTha sthAna diyA hai| jahA~ taka dhyAna ke prArambha kI bAta hai to dhyAna kI prakriyAoM kA prArambha pUrva vaidika kAla meM hI ho cukA thaa| koI bhI AdhyAtmika upalabdhi binA dhyAna-sAdhanA ke prApta honA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha sarvavidita hai ki pavitra sAdhanA se pavitra sAdhya kI upalabdhi hotI hai| sahI mAne meM dekhA jAya to dhyAna prAcIna kAla se calatA A rahA eka abhyAsa hai jise una sabhI sAdhakoM evaM vicArakoM ne apanAyA hai jinhoMne vizva kI samasyAoM tathA mAnava kI AbhyaMtarika saMbhAvanAoM kA vikAsa karanA cAhA hai| jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA svarUpa jaina yoga sAdhanA-paddhati meM dhyAna kA sthAna sarvopari hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki dhyAna-sAdhanA jaina yoga-sAdhanA kA paryAya hai to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| isakA mUla kAraNa hai ki dhyAna ke mAdhyama se hI sAdhaka meM mAnasika zakti aura sAmarthya kA puJja prakaTa hotA hai arthAt mAnava kI sabhI zaktiyA~ jAgrata hotI haiM jisase karmoM kI zrRMkhalA kA anta hotA hai arthAt karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| phalasvarUpa sAdhaka saMsAra ke AvAgamana kI prakriyA se mukta ho jAtA hai aura AvAgamana kI prakriyA se mukta honA hI saccA sukha mAnA jAtA hai| jaisA ki AtmAnuzAsana meM kahA gayA hai jisameM asukha kA leza bhI na ho use hI yathArtha sukha samajhanA caahie| aisA sukha jIva ko karma-baMdhana se rahita ho jAne para mukti meM hI prApta ho sakatA hai, janma-maraNa rUpI saMsAra meM yaha sambhava nhiiN| dhyAna kA artha evaM lakSaNa jaina paramparA meM saMyama athavA cAritra-vizuddhi ke lie dhyAna ko sarvottama sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| sAtha hI jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA jitanA sUkSma evaM vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai zAyada hI kisI paramparA meM kiyA gayA ho|

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dhyAna . 183 jaina dharma evaM darzana meM 'dhyAna' ke lie 'jhANa' athavA 'jhAna' zabda kA prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai| dhyAna zabda 'dhyai cintAyAma' dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai-cintana krnaa| kintu dhyAna kA yaha artha utpatti kI dRSTi se hai, pravRttilabhya dRSTi se kucha aura hI artha nikalatA hai| dhyAna kA artha cintana nahIM balki cintana kA ekAgrIkaraNa arthAt citta ko kisI eka lakSya para sthira karanA yA usakA nirodha karanA, dhyAna kA artha hotA hai| jaina grantha tattvArthasUtra meM mana kI vRtti kA eka hI vastu para avasthAna arthAt mana kI vRttiyoM ko eka sthAna para kendrita karane ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai| dhyAna mana kI bahumukhI cintanadhArA ko eka hI ora pravAhita karatA hai jisase sAdhaka aneka-cittatA se dUra haTakara eka citta meM sthita hotA hai| eka citta meM sthita honA hI dhyAna hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra nizcala agnizikhA ke samAna avabhAsamAna jJAna hI dhyAna hai| tattvArthasUtra meM hI Age kahA gayA hai ki uttama saMhananavAle kA ekAgracintA nirodha dhyAna hai| sthAnAMga meM saMhanana ke chaH prakAra batAye gaye haiM- 1. vajra RSabhanArAca, 2. RSabhanArAca, 3.nArAca, 4. arddhanArAca, 5. kIlikA, 6. smvrtk| inameM se prathama tIna saMhanana dhyAna ke lie uttama mAna gaye haiN| isI prakAra dhyAna meM sthira adhyavasAya ko dhyAna kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki ekAgratA ko prApta mana hI dhyAna hai, arthAt parispandana se rahita ekAgra cintana kA nirodha dhyAna hai| AdipurANa meM citta ko ekAgrarUpa se nirodha karanA dhyAna kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai| dhyAna hI yoga hai aura yahI prasaMkhyAna samAdhi ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai|11 tattvAnuzAsana meM dhyAna ko saMvara aura nirjarA kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|12 vastuta: rAga, dveSa aura mithyAtva ke samparka se rahita hokara padArtha kI yathArthatA ko grahaNa karanevAlA jo viSayAntara ke saMcAra se rahita jJAna hotA hai, vaha dhyAna hai| citta ko kisI eka vastu yA bindu para antarmuhUrta se jyAdA dera taka TikA pAnA muzkila hotA hai, sAtha hI eka muhUrta dhyAna meM vyatIta ho jAne ke pazcAt citta sthira nahIM raha paataa| saMyogavaza yadi ho bhI jAye to dhyAna kI apekSA cintana ke nAma se jAnA jAyegA athavA Alambana kI bhinnatA se dUsarA dhyAna khlaayegaa|23 dhyAna kI ina saba paribhASAoM aura lakSaNoM se bilkula bhinna paribhASA tatvArthAdhigamasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki vacana, kAya aura citta kA nirodha hI dhyAna hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA sambandha kevala mana se hI nahIM mAnA gayA hai balki vaha mana, vANI aura zarIra tInoM se sambandhita hai| isI AdhAra para dhyAna kI pUrNa paribhASA dete hue Avazyakaniyukti meM kahA gayA hai-zarIra, vANI aura mana kI ekAgra pravRtti tathA usakI niraMjana dazA,niSpakampa dazA dhyAna hai|5 ise dUsarI bhASA meM isa prakAra

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 184 spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki zarIra kA zithilIkaraNa yA sthirIkaraNa kAyika dhyAna hai / vANI kA dhyeya ke sAtha yoga arthAt dhyeya aura vacana meM samApatti yAnI donoM kA ekarasa ho jAnA vAcika dhyAna hai / mana kA dhyeya ke sAtha yoga mAnasika dhyAna hai| sahI mAne meM dekhA jAya to dhyAna vaha prakriyA hai jisameM saMsAra baMdhanoM ko tor3anevAle vAkyoM ke arthoM kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai, yAnI samasta karmamala naSTa hone para kevala vAkyoM kA Alambana lekara AtmasvarUpa meM lIna hone kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai / tattvAnuzAsana tathA jJAnArNava dhyAna kI isa avasthA ko samarasIbhAva tathA savIryadhyAna" ke nAma se iMgita kiyA gayA hai| ina saba paribhASAoM se kucha alaga haTakara yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jI ne dhyAna kA lakSaNa batAyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai- dhyAna cetanA kI vaha avasthA hai jo apane Alambana ke prati ekAgra hotI hai athavA bAhya zUnyatA hone para bhI AtmA ke prati jAgarukatA abAdhita rahatI hai|18 Age unhoMne likhA hai ki cintana - zUnyatA dhyAna nahIM aura vaha cintana bhI dhyAna nahIM, jo anekAgra hai| ekAgra cintana hI dhyAna hai, bhAvakriyA dhyAna hai aura cetanA ke vyApaka prakAza meM citta vilIna ho jAtA hai, vaha dhyAna hai / 19 isa prakAra jaina dharma-darzana meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI ekAgra pravRtti ko hI dhyAna mAnA gayA hai| parantu yaha sahaja hI prazna uTha khar3A hotA hai ki hama citta kI ekAgratA ko hI dhyAna kI saMjJA kyoM dete haiM ? uttarasvarUpa Avazyakaniyukti kA yaha uddharaNa diyA jA sakatA hai ki jahA~ mana ekAgra va apane lakSya ke prati vyApRta hotA hai tathA zarIra aura vANI bhI usI lakSya ke prati vyApRta hote haiM, vahA~ mAnasika, kAyika aura vAcika ye tInoM dhyAna eka sAtha ho jAte haiM / 2deg tAtparya hai ki jahA~ kAyika yA vAcika dhyAna hotA hai vahA~ mAnasika dhyAna bhI hotA hai, kintu vahA~ kAyika aura vAcika dhyAna kI pradhAnatA nahIM hotI isalie vaha mAnasika hI kahalAtA hai / niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki manasahita vANI aura kAya ke vyApAra kA nAma bhAvakriyA hai aura jo bhAvakriyA hai vaha dhyAna hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM jar3atAmaya zUnyatA va cetanA kI mUrcchA ko dhyAna kahanA iSTa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| dhyAtA, dhyeya aura dhyAna kI tripuTI dhyAna ke pramukha tIna aMga yA tattva mAne gaye haiM-- dhyAtA, dhyeya aura dhyAna | 21 parantu jJAnArNava meM dhyAtA, dhyeya aura dhyAna ke atirikta phalam, eka cauthe aMga kA bhI varNana hai / 22 dhyAna karanevAle ko dhyAtA kahate haiN| dhyAtA ke lakSaNa ko nirUpita karate hue jJAnArNava meM kahA gayA hai ki dhyAtA meM nimnalikhita ATha guNa rahane Avazyaka haiM varanA dhyAna - siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / 13

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dhyAna 185 (1) dhyAtA mumukSu ho, (2) saMsAra se vimukta ho, (3) kSobharahita va zAntacitta ho, (4) vazI ho, (5) sthira ho, (6) jitendriya ho, (7) saMvarayukta ho, (8) dhIra ho| jisa kisI vastu yA tattva kA Alambana liyA jAtA hai, vaha dhyeya kahalAtA hai| ise hama yadi aura saralabhASA meM kahanA cAheM to kaha sakate haiM ki jisakA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha dhyeya kahalAtA hai| sAdhaka ko binA kisI dhyeya ke dhyAna honA asaMbhava hai| cAritrasAra meM kahA gayA hai- jo zubhAzubha pariNAmoM kA kAraNa ho vaha dhyeya hai|24 isI prakAra dhyAtA kA dhyeya meM sthira ho jAnA, ekAgracitta honA dhyAna kahalAtA hai| tattvAnuzAsana meM SaTkAramayI AtmA ko hI dhyAna kahA gayA hai|25 tAtparya hai ki nizcaya naya se kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa- ye SaTakAramayI AtmA kahalAtI haiM aura ye SaTkAramayI AtmA hI dhyAna hai| dhyAna-sAdhanA kI saphalatA ke sAdhana dhyAna-sAdhanA kI saphalatA ke lie jaina granthoM meM dhyAna kI kucha sAmagriyA~ batAyI gayI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM- parigrahoM kA tyAga, kaSAyoM kA nigraha, vrata-dhAraNa, mana tathA indriyoM kA saMyama Adi dhyAna kI utpatti meM sahAyaka sAmagrI haiN|26 sAtha hI sAtha sAdhaka ko vANI para saMyama tathA zarIra kI caMcalatA kA niSedha karanA caahie|27 tattvAnuzAsana meM dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie sadguru, samyak-zraddhAna, nirantara abhyAsa tathA mana sthiratA para vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai|28 dhyAna kI prakriyA ko sAmagrI ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki nAka ke agrabhAga para dRSTi ko sthira karake eka viSayaka parokSajJAna meM caitanya ko rokakara zuddha cidrUpa apanI AtmA meM smRti kA anusaMdhAna karanA caahie|29 dhyAna ke prakAra jainAgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se do prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA varNana milatA hai-prazasta dhyAna aura aprazasta dhyAnA0 jo dhyAna zubha pariNAmoM se kiyA jAtA hai use prazasta dhyAna kahate haiM aura jo azubha pariNAmoM se kiyA jAtA hai use aprazasta dhyAna kahate haiN| ina do dhyAna ke do-do bheda haiN| prazasta dhyAna ke antargata dharmadhyAna evaM zukladhyAna Ate haiM aura aprazasta dhyAna ke antargata Arta aura raudr| vibhinna jaina granthoM meM dhyAna ke inhIM cAra bhedoM (dharma, zukla, Arta aura raudra) kA ullekha milatA hai|31 cU~ki Arta aura raudradhyAna aprazasta dhyAna ke antargata Ate haiM, isalie ina do dhyAnoM ko saMsAra ke kAraNa aura

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186 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMsAra ke hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra dharma aura zukladhyAna cUMki prazasta dhyAna ke antargata Ate haiM, isalie inheM saMsAra se mukti ke kAraNa evaM karmoM kA kSaya karake mokSa ke hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|32 isakI puSTi anya granthoM se bhI hotI haiN|33 parantu kucha jaina granthoM meM dhyAna ke do prakAroM kA hI ullekha milatA hai| yathAvIrasena viracita SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM dhyAna ke kevala dharma aura zukla ina do bhedoM kA hI varNana dekhane ko milatA hai| isI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne bhI dhyAna ke do hI bhedoM (dharma aura zukla) ko svIkAra kiyA hai|35 tattvArthasAra meM amRtacaMdra sUri ne bhI dhyAna ke cAra prakAroM ko svIkAra kiyA hai kintu bAda ke do dhyAnoM ko tapa ke aMga ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai|26 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kucha jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna ke cAra prakAroM ko mAnA hai to kucha ne do ko| parantu aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki dhyAna ke do hI bheda haiM, balki jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki AgamoM evaM bAda ke sAhitya meM bhI dhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM, jo sarvamAnya haiN| ArtadhyAna Arta kA artha hotA hai- duHkh| duHkha se utpanna honevAlA athavA priya vastu ke viyoga evaM apriya vastu ke saMyoga Adi ke nimitta se yA Avazyaka moha ke kAraNa sAMsArika vastuoM meM rAgabhAva kA honA ArtadhyAna hai| vastuoM ke prati rAgabhAva ajJAna ke kAraNa hotA hai| phalataH jIva avAMchanIya vastu kI prApti aura vAMchanIya vastu kI aprApti ke prati duHkhI hotA hai aura yaha du:kha-kleza rUpa pariNAma hI ArtadhyAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jJAnArNava ke anusAra cetanA kI arati yA vedanAmaya ekAgra pariNati ko ArtadhyAna kahate haiN|37 AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhI ArtadhyAna kI isa paribhASA kI puSTi apanI pustaka 'saMskRti ke do pravAha' meM kI hai|28 ArtadhyAna ke prakAra (1) aniSTa-vastu-saMyoga (2) iSTa-vastu-viyoga (3) pratikUla-vedanA aura (4) nidAna- ye ArtadhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAye haiN|29 aniSTa-vastu-saMyoga ArtadhyAna apriya vastu ke prApta hone para usake viyoga ke lie satat cintana karanA aniSTa-vastu-saMyoga ArtadhyAna kahalAtA hai| yA yU~ kahA jA sakatA hai ki aniSTa vastu

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dhyAna dhyAna . 187 kA saMyoga hone para tadbhava duHkha se vyAkula AtmA use dUra karane ke lie jo satat cintana karatI rahatI hai, vahI aniSTa-vastu-saMyoga ArtadhyAna hai| ise yadi hama aura bhI sarala bhASA meM samajhanA cAhe to isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki agni, sarpa, siMha Adi cala tathA duSTa rAjA, zatru Adi sthira aura zarIra, svajana, dhana Adi ke nimitta se mana ko jo kleza hotA hai vaha aniSTa-vastu-saMyoga ArtadhyAna hai|42 iSTa-vastu-viyoga ArtadhyAna priya vastu kA viyoga hone para usakI prApti ke lie satat cintana karanA iSTa-vastu-viyoga ArtadhyAna hai| dUsarI bhASA meM iSTa evaM priya padArthoM kI prApti ke lie chaTapaTAnA, una padArthoM ke sAdhana rUpa cala-acala abhISTa, mAtA-pitA Adi svajanoM ko prApta karane kI abhISTa abhilASA ke prati duHkhI evaM cintita rahanA iSTa-vastu-viyoga ArtadhyAna hai| pratikUla-vedanA-ArtadhyAna duHkha A par3ane para usake nivAraNa kI satat cintA karanA pratikUla-vedanAArtadhyAna hai|" arthAt zArIrika evaM mAnasika rogoM se saMyukta hone para athavA astra-zastra se ghAyala ho jAne para, asahya vedanA se citta ke vyAkula ho jAne para jIva kA unase mukta hone ke lie rAta-dina cintA karate rahanA pratikUla-vedanA-ArtadhyAna kahalAtA hai|45 tAtparya hai ki utpanna vedanA ke prati cintana hI pratikUla-vedanA-ArtadhyAna hai| nidAna-ArtadhyAna ___aprApta vastu kI prApti ke lie saMkalpa karanA yA satat cintana karanA nidAna ArtadhyAna kahalAtA hai|'6 arthAt jo kAmabhoga vartamAna jIvana meM na prApta hue hoM una vAsanAjanya kSaNika sukhoM kI icchA rakhanA, bhogoM kI lAlasA karanA, saMyama, tapa evaM brahmacarya Adi zubha kriyAoM ke badale meM nAzavAna paudgalika sukhoM kI prApti kI kAmanA karanA,47 zatru se agale janma meM badalA lene kI lAlasA rakhanA Adi nidAna-ArtadhyAna hai|48 ArtadhyAna ke kAraNa jIva sadA bhayabhIta, zokAkula, asaMyamI, pramAdI, kalahakArI, viSayI, nidrAzIla, zithila, kheda-khinna tathA mUrchAgrasta rahatA hai|49 phalataH vaha rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa saMsAra bhramaNa karatA hai| sAtha hI kuTila cintana ke kAraNa vaha tiryaJca gati ko prApta karatA hai50 tathA aise svabhAva ke kAraNa usakI lezyAe~ kRSNa, nIla evaM kApota hotI haiN|51

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188 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana uparyukta vizleSaNa ke pazcAt hama yaha dekhate haiM ki vartamAna meM ArtadhyAnI hI vizeSa rUpa se dekhane ko milate haiN| aisA koI bhI vyakti nahIM jo ArtadhyAna nahIM karatA ho| koI vyakti priya ke viyoga se da:khI hai to koI apriya kI prApti se, koI kisI roga se grasita hone ke kAraNa du:khI hai to koI kAma-bhogoM kI prApti hetu cintita hai| ye sabhI ArtadhyAna ke antargata hI Ate haiN| ArtadhyAnI ke lakSaNa ArtadhyAna karanevAloM ke mukhyata: cAra52 lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM, jo nimnalikhita haiM(1) Akrandana-arthAt jora-jora se cillaanaa| (2) zocana- arthAt azrupUrNa A~khoM se dInatA dikhaanaa| (3) parivedana- yAnI vilApa krnaa| (4) tADaNa- chAtI, sira Adi ko piittnaa| uparyukta cAroM lakSaNa iSTa ke viyoga, aniSTa ke yoga aura vedanA ke nimitta se utpanna hote haiN| jIva jora-jora se cillAkara, chAtI pITa-pITa kara rotA hai, A~sU bahAtA hai, bAla nocatA hai evaM vANI se dila kA gussA utAratA hai|53 isIlie ArtadhyAna ko azubha, duHkhoM se vyApta evaM samasta klezoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa saMsAra-baMdhana kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| raudradhyAna raudradhyAna bhI aprazasta dhyAna ke antargata hI AtA hai jisameM kuTila bhAvoM kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAnyata: raudra kA artha hotA hai-krodha, barbara, bhayAnaka aadi| kahA bhI gayA hai-"prANinAM rodanAd rUdraH tatra bhavaM raudram' arthAt krUra, kaThora evaM hiMsaka vyakti ko rUdra kahA jAtA hai aura usa prANI arthAt jisake dvArA vaha kArya kiyA jAtA hai, ke bhAva ko raudra kahate haiN| isI AdhAra para mahApurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki jo puruSa prANiyoM ko rulAtA hai, vaha rudra evaM krUra kahalAtA hai aura usa puruSa ke dvArA jo dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha raudradhyAna kahalAtA hai|55 isa dhyAna ko karanevAlA dhyAnI hiMsA, jhaTha, corI, dhanarakSA meM lIna, chedana-bhedana Adi pravRttiyoM meM rAga rakhatA hai| cugalI karanA, aniSTa sUcaka vacana bolanA, rUkhA bolanA, asatya bolanA, jIvaghAta kA Adeza Adi cintana raudradhyAna ke antargata hI Ate haiN|

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dhyAna raudradhyAna ke bheda raudradhyAna ke cAra bheda batAye gaye haiM- 1. hiMsA, 2 . asatya, 3. corI aura 4. viSaya saMrakSaNa | 56 raudradhyAna meM jIva ko hamezA hiMsA, asatya, corI tathA viSayoM kI rakSA karane meM vizeSa Ananda AtA hai| hiMsA, asatya, corI aura viSaya saMrakSaNa ko hI hiMsAnanda, mRSAnanda, cauryAnanda aura saMrakSaNAnanda nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / 57 hiMsAnanda raudradhyAna 189 nirdayI vyakti dvArA vadha, vedha, baMdhana, dahana, aMkana aura mArane ke krUra adhyavasAya kA honA yA aniSTa vipAkavAle utkaTa krodha se grasta vyakti dvArA dhvaMsa kiye jAne para usase harSa yA sukha prApti kA honA hiMsAnanda raudradhyAna kahalAtA hai / 58 tAtparya hai ki svayaM jIva ko mAranA yA koI dUsarA manuSya jIva ko mAratA hai, to usako dekhakara prasanna honA yA usakA anumodana karanA hiMsAnanda raudradhyAna kahalAtA hai| isa dhyAna kA dhyAnI krodha meM Akara hamezA hiMsAdi kI bAteM hI socatA rahatA hai jisake kAraNa usameM hamezA viSabharA rahatA hai, jisakA mukhya kAraNa hai kaSAya kA honaa| kaSAya ke kAraNa hI usakI buddhi pApamayI ho jAtI hai / 59 mRSAnanda raudradhyAna 60 jhUThI kalpanAoM ke jAla meM phA~sa kara dUsaroM ko dhokhA dene aura chala kapaTa se unheM Thagane Adi kA vicAra karanA mRSAnanda raudradhyAna kahalAtA hai / 6deg abhiprAya yaha hai ki jhUTha bolakara mana meM khuzI ho aura mana meM yaha vicAra Aye ki 'dekho hamane kisa cAlAkI se jhUTha bolA ki kisI ko mAlUma bhI na huA' aisA cintana mRSAnanda raudradhyAna kahalAtA hai| jaisA ki dhyAnazataka meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki mRSAnanda raudradhyAnI dUsaroM ko Thagane meM catura vyakti, mAyAcArI, apanA pApa chipAne ke lie apanI pApamaya durbuddhi se mithyAvacana bolane tathA prANIghAtaka vacana bolane meM dRr3ha hotA hai / 1 cauryAnanda raudradhyAna kisI bhI prakAra kI para-vastu kA apaharaNa karanA corI kahalAtA hai aura aisI ceSTAvAle cintana ko cauryAnanda yA steyAnubandhI raudradhyAna kahate haiM / 2 arthAt tIvra krodha aura lobha se Akula hokara prANiyoM kA apahanana, anArya AcaraNa aura dUsare kI vastu kA apaharaNa karane kI icchA karanA tathA pAralaukika doSoM se nirapekSa rahanA cauryAnanda raudradhyAna hai| dUsarI bhASA meM corI athavA ThagAI kare aura citta meM yaha vicAra kare ki 63

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190 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana hamane kitanI hoziyArI se mAla Thaga liyA aura kisI ko vidita bhI nahIM huA aura khUba Anandita ho, aise pariNAma ko cauryAnubandhI yA steyAnubandhI yA cauryAnanda raudradhyAna kahate haiN| isa dhyAna meM dhyAnI hamezA lobha ke kAraNa dUsaroM kI lakSmI, strI va dhana ko har3apane kA hI cintana apane azubha citta meM karatA rahatA hai| mana ko U~cA karate huye apane ko 'maiM rAjA hU~, aisA samajhatA hai aadi| saMrakSaNAnanda raudradhyAna dhana-dhAnyAdi bhogya padArthoM ko juTAnA, unheM surakSita rakhane ke lie dhana kI rakSA karanA, parigraha meM lIna rahanA, aniSTa cintA meM vyApta rahanA, sabake prati zaMkAzIla honA saMrakSaNAnanda raudradhyAna yA parigrahAnubandhI raudradhyAna hai|64 / / isa prakAra raudradhyAnI hamezA dUsaroM ke ahita ke bAre meM hI vicAra karatA rahatA hai| parantu aisA nahIM hai ki vaha kevala Ananda hI uThAtA hai, balki vaha dUsare prANiyoM dvArA pIr3ita bhI hotA hai| raudradhyAna ke uparyukta cAroM prakAra rAga, dveSa aura moha se Akula vyakti meM hI hote haiN| ye cAroM prakAra hI janma-maraNa ko bar3hAnevAle aura naraka gati ke mUla kAraNa haiN|65 isa prakAra raudradhyAna sAmAnya taura se saMsAra kI vRddhi karanevAlA hI hai aura khAsa taura se naraka gati ke pApoM ko utpanna karanevAlA hai, kyoMki isase tIvra saMkleza hI hotA hai aura isase bandha jAne para sAnubandha karma dvArA bhava paramparA kA sarjana hotA hai, phalataH saMsAra kI vRddhi kA honA svAbhAvika hI hai| raudradhyAnI ke lakSaNa dhyAnazataka meM raudradhyAnI ke pramukha cAra lakSaNa6 batAye gaye haiM utsannadoSa- raudradhyAna ke hiMsA Adi cAra prakAroM meM se kisI eka meM bahulatayA pravRtta honaa| bahuladoSa- raudradhyAna ke sabhI prakAroM meM pravRtta honaa| nAnAvidha doSa- camar3I udher3ane, A~khe nikAlane Adi hiMsAtmaka kAryoM meM bAra-bAra pravRtta honaa| AmaraNAntadoSa- jisameM maraNAnta taka hiMsAdi karane kA anutApa nahIM hotA hai vaha raudradhyAnI hai| jJAnArNava meM raudradhyAnI kA lakSaNa batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki krUratA, daNDakI, paruSatA, vaJcakatA, kaThoratA, nirdayatA Adi raudradhyAnI ke bAhya cihna hote haiN|

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191 isameM usake netra agni ke samAna lAla ho jAte haiM, bhauMhe Ter3hI ho jAtI haiM, pasInA Ane lagatA hai aura usakI AkRti bhayAnaka ho jAtI hai / 67 dhyAna isa prakAra ArtadhyAna tathA raudradhyAna donoM ko atyanta azubha mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki donoM hI sAmAnya taura se saMsAra kI vRddhi karanevAle haiM aura vizeSakara narakagati ke pApoM ko utpanna karanevAle haiN| inhIM se vyakti narakagati meM par3a jAtA hai| dharmadhyAna dharma kA cintana dharmadhyAna hai| yaha AtmavikAsa kA prathama caraNa hai, kyoMki isa dhyAna meM jIva kA rAgabhAva maMda rahatA hai aura vaha Atmacintana kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| isa saMsAra meM sabhI jIva duHkhI haiN| aisA koI nahIM jo sukhI ho| ataH sabhI jIva aise sthAna kI talAza meM rahate haiM jahA~ thor3A-sA bhI duHkha na ho| aise abhISTa sthAna para jo jIva ko pahu~cAtA hai, vahI dharmadhyAna hai / " jaisA ki pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavyAkhyAvRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki jo mithyAtva, rAga Adi meM hamezA saMsaraNa kara rahe bhavasaMsAra se prANiyoM ko Upara uThAtA hai aura vikArarahita zuddha caitanyabhAva meM pariNata karatA hai, vaha dharmadhyAna hai| 69 parantu kahIM-kahIM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyak cAritra ko dharma kahA gayA hai aura usa dharma cintana se yukta jo dhyAna hotA hai, vaha dharmadhyAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| 7deg sthAnAMga meM isa dhyAna ko zruta, cAritra evaM dharma se yukta kahA gayA hai| 1 ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki vastu-dharma yA satya kI gaveSaNA meM pariNata cetanA kI ekAgratA kA nAma hI dharmadhyAna hai| jJAnasAra ke anusAra zAstra- vAkyoM ke arthoM, dharmavargaNAoM, vratoM, guptiyoM, samitiyoM, bhAvanAoM Adi kA cintana karanA dharmadhyAna kahalAtA hai / 72 dharmadhyAna ke prakAra Alambana ke AdhAra para dharmadhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM / 73 Alambana arthAt kisI sthUla kA Azraya lekara sUkSma vastu kI ora bar3hanA / binA Alambana ke sAdhaka kA mana ekAeka sthira nahIM ho paataa| isIlie sAdhaka ko kisI vastu kA Alambana lekara sUkSmatA kI ora bar3hane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isI ko tattvAnuzAsana meM kahA gayA hai ki citta kI ekAgratA ke sAtha dharmadhyAna ke cAroM prakAroM kA ciMtana karanA cAhie | 4 tattvArthasUtra meM bhI dharmadhyAna ke cAra prakAroM kA hI ullekha milatA hai| 175 AjJAvicaya, apAyavicyA vipAkavicaya aura sNsthaanvicy| AjJAvicaya AjJAvicaya meM do zabda haiM- AjJA aura vicy| isameM AjJA kA artha hotA hai

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192 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana pramANapUrvaka bodha karAnevAlA pravacana aura vicaya kA artha hotA hai-vicAra yA cintana krnaa| isa prakAra AjJAvicaya se abhiprAya hai- vItarAga tathA sarvajJa puruSa kI AjJA kyA hai aura vaha kaisI honI cAhie? isakI parIkSA karake vaisI AjJA kA patA lagAne ke lie manoyoga ko lgaanaa| yAnI sarvajJa kI AjJA ko pradhAna mAnakara unake dvArA batAye gaye padArthoM kA bhalI prakAra se cintana karanA AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna kahalAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra tIrthaMkara yA sarvajJa dvArA kahe gaye upadezoM ko satya mAnakara zirodhArya karanA tathA aisA samajhanA kI tIrthaMkara ke tattvopadeza meM kisI prakAra kI truTi nahIM hotI aura na hI unake vacana satya se pare hote haiM AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna hai|58 isakI vizeSatA para prakAza DAlate hue dhyAnazataka meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha AjJA atinipuNa, anAdiananta, prANiyoM ke lie hitakara, satyagrAhI, anarghya, aparimita, aparAjita, mahAn arthavAlI, mahAna sAmarthya se yukta, mahAna viSayavAlI, anipuNa logoM dvArA ajJeya tathA naya, bhaMga, pramANa aura gama (vikalpa) se gahana hai|9 apAyavicaya rAga-dveSAdi doSoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie manoyoga lagAnA apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| ise aura bhI sarala bhASA meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIva ke jo zubhAzubha bhAva hote haiM unakA cintana karanA apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra rAga-dveSa se utpatra durgati ke kaSToM kA cintana apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna hai|82 sAmAnya taura para kahA jA sakatA hai- ve doSa yA durguNa jinase sAMsArika jIva parezAna hokara chaTane kA prayAsa karatA hai, aise prayAsa ko hI apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna kahA jAtA hai|83 saMsAra meM jitane bhI anartha hote haiM una sabakA mUla kAraNa rAga-dveSa, kaSAya, pramAda, Asakti evaM mithyAtva hai| arthAt mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ko hI saMsAra kA mUlakAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura ina pravRttiyoM se kaise chuTakArA pAyA jAe, isa prakAra ke vicAra ko apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna kahA gayA hai|4 vipAkavicaya __ zubhAzubha karmaphaloM ke udaya kA dyotaka vipAka kahalAtA hai tathA karmaphaloM ke kSaNa-kSaNa udita hone kI prakriyA meM saMlagna citta kI ekAgratA vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai|85 jaisA ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki karmoM ke zubhaazubha phala evaM udaya, udIraNA, saMkramaNa, bandha aura mokSa kA vicAra karanA vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna kahalAtA hai|6 tAtparya hai ki isa dhyAna meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se cintana-manana kiyA jAtA hai aura yaha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki udaya, udIraNA Adi

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kaise aura kisa kAraNa se hote haiM tathA unakA nAza kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| 187 saMsthAnavicaya dhyAna tInoM lokoM ke saMsthAna, pramANa aura Ayu Adi kA cintana karanA saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna kahalAtA hai|" yogazAstra ke anusAra anAdi, ananta kintu utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya pariNAmI svarUpavAle loka kI AkRti kA jisa dhyAna meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha dhyAna saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna kahalAtA hai / 9 isI prakAra dhyAnazataka meM saMsthAnavicaya kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki isa dhyAna meM dravyoM ke lakSaNa, AkAra, Asana, bheda, mAna Adi para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, sAtha hI utpAda, vyaya aura vya se yukta jagata bhI isa dhyAna kA viSaya hotA hai / " dharmadhyAna ke uparyukta cAra bhedoM ke atirikta harivaMzapurANa meM anya chaH 99 bheda bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| jo isa prakAra haiM (2) jIvavicaya dharmadhyAna (1) upAyavicaya dharmadhyAna- puNya rUpI yoga kI pravRttiyoM ko apane AdhIna karane ko upAya kahate haiM aura 'yaha upAya merA kisa prakAra se ho sakatA hai|' isa prakAra ke saMkalpa ko karake jo cintana kiyA jAtA hai vaha upAyavicaya dharmadhyAna hai / 92 jIvavicaya dharmadhyAna hai / 93 193 - jIva ke vividha dazAoM kA dhyAna karanA (3) ajIvavicaya dharmadhyAna dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudgala ina pA~coM ajIva dravyoM ke yathArtha svarUpa kA cintana karanA ajIvavicaya dharmadhyAna hai / 94 (4) virAgavicaya dharmadhyAna- yaha zarIra anitya hai tathA yaha saMsAra jisameM nAnA prakAra kI bhoga sAmagrI hai, duHkhoM se bharA huA hai aura sukha se sarvathA dUra hai - aisA vicAra karanA virAgavicaya dharmadhyAna hai / 95 (5) bhavavicaya dharmadhyAna - saMsAra meM karmoM ke jAla meM pha~se hue prANI apane karmoM ke udaya se aneka prakAra kI yoniyoM meM barAbara ghUmate rahate haiM - aisA cintana karanA bhavavicaya dharmadhyAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / 96 (6) hetuvicaya dharmadhyAna - sarvajJa deva dvArA kahe hue padArthoM ko saMsAra bhara meM sthApita kara denA yA unake yathArtha svarUpa ko apane hRdaya meM sthApita kara lenA hetuvicaya dharmadhyAna kahalAtA hai|97

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194 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana dharmadhyAnI ke lakSaNa - sthAnAMga meM dharmadhyAnI ke cAra lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN|98 jisa AtmA meM dharma kA avataraNa ho jAtA hai usameM svAbhAvika rUpa se nimnalikhita cAra prakAra ke lakSaNa utpanna ho jAte haiM (1) AjJAruci - arihantavacana yAnI Aptavacana ko AjJA mAnakara usI ke anurUpa jIvanayApana karanA AjJAruci kahalAtA hai| (2) nisargaruci- binA kisI upadeza ke sahaja hI satya ke prati zraddhA kA honA nisargaruci hai| (3) sUtraruci-sUtroM ke adhyayana, cintana evaM manana meM ruci kA honA sUtra-ruci hai| (4) avagAr3haruci - vistArapUrvaka jJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt jo zraddhA jAgrata hotI hai vaha avagAr3haruci hai| dharmadhyAna ke Alambana - dharmadhyAna ke cAra Alambana batAye gaye haiM-vAcanA, pratipracchanA, parivartanA aura anuprekssaa| 9 kahIM-kahIM parivartanA ko parivartana tathA pratipracchanA ko pRcchanA nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| parantu vahA~ bhI cAra hI bheda nirdiSTa kiye gaye haiN|100 aise hI dhyAnazataka meM anuprekSA ko anucintA nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai|101 dharmadhyAna kI anuprekSAe~ - sthAnAMga meM dharmadhyAna kI cAra prakAra kI anuprekSAeM batAyI gayI haiN|02 jo nimnalikhita haiM ekatva-anuprekSA - akelepana kA cintana karanA arthAt eka AtmA hI apanI hai- aisA cintana karanA ekatva-anuprekSA hai| anitya-anuprekSA - padArthoM kI anityatA kA cintana karanA arthAt saMsAra meM koI bhI padArtha nitya nahIM hai- aisA cintana karanA anitya-anuprekSA hai| azaraNa-anuprekSA -azaraNa arthAt saMsAra meM AtmA ke lie koI bhI sthAna, paryAya athavA zakti zaraNabhUta nahIM hai- aisA cintana karanA azaraNa-anuprekSA hai| __ saMsAra-anuprekSA -saMsAra paribhramaNa arthAt AtmA kI cAroM gatiyoM evaM sabhI avasthAoM meM honevAle AvAgamana ke sambandha meM cintana karanA saMsAra-anuprekSA hai|

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dhyAna 195 zukladhyAna sAmAnyata: zukla kA artha 'dhavala' se liyA jAtA hai, kintu jaina granthoM meM zukla kA artha 'vizada' arthAt 'nirmala' se liyA gayA hai| zukladhyAna, dhyAna kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM sAdhaka apane lakSya kI pUrNatA ko prApta karatA hai, kyoMki isa dhyAna meM mana kI ekAgratA ke kAraNa AtmA meM parama vizuddhatA AtI hai aura kaSAyoM, rAgabhAvoM athavA karmoM kA sarvathA parihAra ho jAtA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA kI atyanta vizuddha avasthA ko zukladhyAna kahate haiN| jJAnArNava meM kahA gayA hai ki jo niSkriya hai, indriyAtIta hai aura dhyAna kI dhAraNA se rahita hai, vaha zukladhyAna hai|103 jisa prakAra maila ke dhula jAne para vastra sApha ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra durguNarahita nirmala guNoM se yukta AtmA kI pariNati hI zukladhyAna hai|04 samavAyAMga ke anusAra mana kI Atyantika sthiratA arthAt jaba ekAgratA sarvazubha-azubha bhAvoM se nivRtta hokara ekamAtra zuddha caitanya svarUpa meM sthira hotI hai taba use zukla dhyAna kahate haiN|105 parantu yaha bhI saca hai ki dharmadhyAna meM paripUrNa huA apramatta saMyamI hI zukladhyAna karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai, kyoMki jaba taka vaha pahalI sIr3hI (dharma-dhyAna) nahIM car3hegA taba taka dUsarI kaise car3ha paayegaa|106 zukladhyAna ke bheda zukladhyAna ko parama samAdhi kI avasthA bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaina granthoM meM isake bhI cAra bheda dekhane ko milate haiM-107 (1) pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra, (2) ekatva-vitarka-avicAra, (3) sUkSmakriyA-apratipAtI, (4) vyuprt-kriyaa-nivRtti| ise hI harivaMzapurANa meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karate hue prathama do ko zukla tathA bAda ke donoM ko parama zukladhyAna ke antargata mAnA gayA hai|108 isameM prathama do prakAra chadmastha arthAt alpajJAniyoM ke lie vihita hai, kyoMki isameM zrutajJAnapUrvaka padArthoM kA avalambana hotA hai tathA zeSa do prakAra kaSAyoM se pUrNata: rahita hone ke kAraNa kevalajJAnI ke lie nirdezita haiM, kyoMki yaha dhyAna pUrNata: sarvajJa ko hI nirAlambapUrvaka hotA hai|109 pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra yaha dhyAna zukladhyAna kI prathama avasthA hai, isameM pRthak-pRthak rUpa se zruta para vicAra hotA hai arthAt zruta ko AdhAra mAnakara kisI eka dravya meM utpAda-vyaya aura

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196 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana dhrauvya Adi paryAyoM kA cintana karanA pRthaktva-vitarka - savicAra dhyAna kahalAtA hai| 110 tAtparya hai ki jaba eka dravya ke aneka paryAyoM kA aneka dRSTiyoM, nayoM se cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura pUrva zruta kA Alabana liyA jAtA hai tathA zabda se artha meM aura artha se zabda meM evaM mana, vacana aura kAya meM se eka-dUsare meM saMkramaNa kiyA jAtA hai taba zukladhyAna kI yaha sthiti pRthaktva-vitarka - savicAra kahalAtI hai / 111 harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra jisa padArtha kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha artha kahalAtA hai aura usakA pratipAdaka zabda vyNjn| mana, vacana Adi ko yoga kahate haiM / isa prakAra jisameM vitarka (dvAdazAGga) ke artha Adi meM krama se aneka prakAra ke parivartana hote haiM, pRthaktva-vitarka - savicAra zukladhyAna hai / 112 isa dhyAna se sAdhaka apane citta para vijaya prApta kara letA hai aura apane kaSAyoM ko zAnta kara letA hai / phalataH sAdhaka ko saMvara, nirjarA aura amarasukha kI prApti hotI hai| ekatva-vitarka- avicAra yaha dhyAna zukladhyAna kA dUsarA caraNa hai jisameM sAdhaka utpAda, sthiti, bhaMga Adi paryAyoM meM se kisI eka paryAya meM apane mana ko nirvAtagRha meM rakhe hue pradIpa kI bhA~ti niSprakampa banAkara cintana karatA hai| cintana kI yaha avasthA hI zukladhyAna kI ekatva - vitarka - avicAra avasthA hai / 113 isameM vitarka kA saMkramaNa nahIM hotA, balki eka rUpa meM sthita hokara cintana kiyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki pahale prakAra meM hamane dekhA hai ki yogI kA mana artha - vyaMjana- yoga meM cintana karate hue eka hI Alambana meM ulaTa-phera karatA rahatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora isa avasthA meM Alambana kA ulaTa-phera banda ho jAtA hai aura eka hI dravya kI vibhinna paryAyoM ke viparIta eka hI paryAya dhyeya kA rUpa le letA hai| arthAt sAdhaka pRthaktvarahita, vicArarahita aura vitarkasahita nirmala ekatva - dhyAna ko prApta kara letA hai / 114 phalataH sAdhaka sampUrNa jagata ko yathArtha rUpa se dekhane aura samajhane lagatA hai, 115 kyoMki ekatva - vitarka- avicAra zukladhyAna se kevalajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai116 aura kevalajJAna meM itanI zakti hotI hai ki usakI prApti ke pazcAt sAdhaka ko bhUta, vartamAna evaM bhaviSya tInoM kAla kA yugapat jJAna hone lagatA hai| isa dhyAna kI siddhi hone ke bAda sadA ke lie ghAtiyA karma arthAt jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura aMtarAya naSTa ho jAte haiM aura kaivalya kI prApta hotI hai| aise kevalalabdhi prApta tIrthaMkara se sahaja rUpa se sva- para kalyANa hotA hai| jina jIvoM ko tIrthaMkara pada kI prApti nahIM hotI ve jIva bhI apane dhyAna se kevalajJAna prApta karake zeSa Ayu taka dharma kA upadeza dete hue anta meM mokSa ko prApta karate haiM / 11

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dhyAna 197 sUkSma-kriyA-apratipAti pUrva ke zukladhyAna ko karane se jaba sAdhaka jJAnAvaraNAdi cAroM ghAtiyA-karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa sarvajJa ho jAtA hai taba use kevalI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| vahI kevalI jaba antarmuhUrta mAtra Ayu ke zeSa rahane para muktigamana ke samaya kucha yoga nirodha kara cukanevAle sUkSma kAya kI kriyA se jo dhyAna karatA hai, vaha sUkSma-kriyAapratipAti zukladhyAna kahalAtA hai|918 abhiprAya hai ki jaba mana aura vANI ke yoga kA pUrNa nirodha ho jAtA hai aura kAya ke yoga kA pUrNa nirodha nahIM hotA, sAtha hI zvAsocchavAsa jaisI sUkSma-kriyA zeSa raha jAtI hai taba usa avasthA ko sUkSma kriyA kahate haiM aura cU~ki isakA patana nahIM hotA isalie yaha apratipAtI kahalAtA hai|119 arihanta parameSThI kI avasthA meM jaba Ayukarma antarmuhUrta taka hI avaziSTa rahatA hai aura aghAtiyA karmoM meM arthAt nAma, gotra, aura vedanIya ina tInoM kI sthiti Ayukarma se adhika ho jAtI hai, taba unheM samarUpa meM lAne ke lie tIrthaMkara evaM sAmAnya kevalI ina donoM ko samudghAta kI apekSA hotI hai|120 samudghAta kriyA dvArA kevalI tIna samaya meM apane AtmapradezoM ko daNDa, kapATa evaM prastara ke rUpa meM phailA detA hai aura cauthe samaya meM sampUrNa loka meM vyApta ho jAtA hai| samudghAta dvArA sAdhaka aghAtiyA karmoM (vedanIya, nAma aura gotra) kI sthiti ghaTAkara Ayukarma ke barAbara kara letA hai tathA samasta AtmapradezoM ko pratiloma krama se saMharaNa karake apane ko pUrvavat zarIra vyApI banA letA hai| tatpazcAt sAdhaka sthUla kAyayoga kA Alambana lekara manoyoga evaM vacanayoga kA nirodha karatA hai tathA sUkSma kAyayoga kA Alambana lekara bAdara kAyayoga, sUkSma manoyoga tathA vacaMnayoga kA bhI nirodha kara DAlatA hai| isake lie jo prakriyA apanAyI jAtI hai vahI sUkSma-kriyApratipAti zukladhyAna hai|121 isa dhyAna kI prApti ke bAda sAdhaka anya dhyAnoM meM nahIM lauTatA hai, anta meM vaha sUkSmakriyA kA bhI tyAga karake mokSa kI prApti karatA hai|122 vyuparata-kriyA-nivRtti (utpanna-kriyA-nivRtti) ____ yaha dhyAna zukladhyAna kI antima avasthA hai| isa dhyAna meM sUkSmakAya yaugakIya kriyA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| ata: koI bhI yoga nahIM rahatA aura kevalajJAnI ayoga kevalI bana jAtA hai, kyoMki isa samaya AtmA meM kisI bhI prakAra ke sthUla, sUkSma, mAnasika, vAcika, kAyika vyApAra nahIM hotaa|123 arthAt dhyAna kI avaziSTa sUkSma kriyA kI bhI nivRtti ho jAtI hai tathA a, i, u, R, la ina pA~ca hrasva svaroM ke uccAraNa meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai utane samaya meM kevalI bhagavAn zailezI avasthA ko prApta hote haiM, jahA~ ve parvata kI bhA~ti nizcala rahate haiN|124 yaha ati uttama dhyAna caudahaveM ayogI

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198 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana guNasthAna meM prArambha hotA hai jisameM kevalI bhagavAn anta samaya se pahale samaya meM arthAt upAntya meM 72 karma-prakRtiyoM ko tathA isI guNasthAna kI avaziSTa teraha karma-prakRtiyoM ko bhI naSTa kara dete haiN| 125 ina zeSa aghAtiyA karmoM ke nAza ke bAda kevalI bhagavAn kA isa saMsAra se pUrNata: sambandha TUTa jAtA hai aura ve sIdhe urdhvagamana karake loka ke zikhara para virAjamAna hote haiN| zukladhyAnI ke lakSaNa dhyAnazataka meM zukladhyAnI ke cAra lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM / 126 jo isa prakAra haiM avyatha- zukladhyAnI na to kisI se bhayabhIta hotA hai aura na hI usakA pratikAra karatA haiN| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai- zukladhyAna kA sAdhaka mAnava, deva, tiryaMca kRta upasargoM aura sabhI prakAra ke parISahoM ko samabhAva se sahane meM sakSama hotA hai| 127 vizva kI koI bhI zakti use dhyAna se vicalita nahIM kara sakatI aura na hI vaha kabhI vyathita ho sakatA hai| asammoha - isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka devAdika mAyA se mohita nahIM hotA, 128 kyoMki mohajanita 28 prakRtiyA~ usameM udita nahIM ho paatiiN| dhyAna ke samaya pUrvavata sUkSma padArtha para ekAgratA hotI hai, cAhe kitanA bhI gahana padArtha ho taba bhI citta mohita nahIM hotA / viveka - zarIra aura AtmA meM bheda kA jJAna honA viveka kahalAtA hai / 129 jaba sAdhaka ko yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki maiM deha nahIM, AtmA hU~ taba vaha dehanAzaka kaSTa hone para bhI kheda nahIM karatA, kyoMki use jJAta hai ki kaSTa kI anubhUti deha ko hotI hai, AtmA ko nhiiN| vyutsarga anAsakta hokara sAdhaka dvArA deha aura upAdhi kA sarvathA tyAga karanA vyutsarga hai / 1 30 sAdhaka meM bhogecchA, yazecchA kiMcit mAtra bhI nahIM hotI / vaha nirantara vItarAgatA kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai| zukladhyAna ke Alambana dhyAna meM Alambana kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai, kyoMki koI bhI sAdhaka kisI Alambana ke dvArA hI ucca zikhara para pahu~catA hai / Alambana ke dvArA hI sAdhaka Atmika pragati kI sIr3hI para car3hatA hai| sthAnAMga meM Alambana ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM, 131 jo nimna prakAra haiM

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dhyAna . 199 kSamA- kSamA kA artha hotA hai-anucita vyavahAra ke bAda bhI kisI vyakti ke prati mana meM krodha ko na lAnA, sahanazIla rhnaa| zukladhyAnI ke mAnasa meM kabhI bhI krodha nahIM AtA, bhale hI kaisA bhI krodha kA prasaMga ho, kyoMki vaha krodha para vijaya prApta kara letA hai| usameM uttama kSamA sAkAra ho jAtI hai| mArdava- aisA AcaraNa jisameM vyakti apane ko dUsaroM se bar3A na samajhe, jisameM apanI prazaMsA aura sammAna kI cAha na ho mArdava guNa kahalAtA hai| ata: citta meM mRdutA aura vyavahAra meM bhI namravRtti kA honA mArdava guNa hai| Arjava- bhAva kI vizuddhi arthAt vicAra, bhASA aura vyavahAra kI ekatA Arjava guNa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| citta kI saralatA kA honA hI zukladhyAnI kA parama lakSaNa hai| mukti- zukladhyAnI sAdhaka ko kisI prakAra kA lobha nahIM rahatA, vaha pUrI taraha se isa kaSAya se mukta rahatA hai| AtmasvarUpa meM avasthita hone ke atirikta anya kisI vastu ko pAne kI icchA na karanA hI mukti (saMtoSa) hai| zukladhyAna kI anuprekSAe~ dhyAnazataka meM kahA gayA hai ki zukladhyAna se subhAvita cittavAlA cAritra sampanna muni dhyAna se uparata hone para bhI sadA cAroM anuprekSAoM kA cintana karatA hai|132 ve cAra anuprekSAe~ 133 isa prakAra haiM AsravadvArApAya- saMsAra paramparA ke viSaya meM cintana karanA AsravadvArApAya hai| saMsAra paramparA meM jIva ne ananta bAra janma aura mRtyu ko dhAraNa kiyA hai| isa saMsArasAgara ko pAra karanA atyanta duSkara kArya hai| karma-bandhana ke hetu arthAt AsravadvAra kaunakauna se haiM aura unake sevana karane se isa loka meM aura paraloka meM kauna-kauna se duHkhoM kA jIva ko sAmanA karanA par3atA hai Adi viSayoM kA cintana karanA AsravadvArApAya hai| ise anantavartitAnuprekSA bhI kahA jAtA hai| Ata saMsArAsukhAnubhava- saMsAra kI asAratA yA duHkharUpatA kA cintana karanA hI saMsArAsukhAnubhava anuprekSA hai| sAdhaka yaha socatA hai ki prANI eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra ko prApta karatA hai aura yaha krama calatA hI rahatA hai| zarIra grahaNa karane va chor3ane kI isI prakriyA ko saMsAra kahate haiN|

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200 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhavasantAna kI anantatA- mithyAtva,rAga, dveSa evaM moha saMsAra ke AvAgamana ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| jinameM mithyAtva ko pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| kAraNa ki jaba taka jIva mithyAtva dRSTivAlA banA rahatA hai taba taka usake lie yaha saMsAra ananta banA rahatA hai aura jisane mithyAtvadRSTi para vijaya prApta kara lI vaha adhika se adhika ardhapudgala parimANa saMsAravAlA ho jAtA hai| aisA vicAra yA cintana bhavasantAna kI ananta anuprekSA hai| vastuvipariNAmAnuprekSA- sAdhaka vastuoM ke pariNamanazIla svabhAva para cintana karatA hai| vaha jAnatA hai ki sabhI vastuyeM pratipala-pratikSaNa parivartita hotI rahatI haiM, koI bhI vastu sthAyI nahIM hai| isa prakAra kA cintana vastuvipariNAmAnuprekSA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isa anuprekSA meM sAdhaka kI apane zarIra ke prati bhI Asakti chUTa jAtI hai| yadyapi zukladhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAyeM batAyI gayI haiM, kintu ye cAroM prathama do zukladhyAnoM se hI sambandhita haiN| inhI donoM zukladhyAnoM meM ina anuprekSAoM kI upayogitA hotI hai| antima donoM zukla dhyAnoM meM ye anuprekSAyeM nahIM hotii| isa prakAra dhyAna kI cAra avasthAyeM yAnI cAra prakAra haiN| kintu sahI bhAne meM dekhA jAe to do rUpa hI mukhya rUpa se dRSTigocara hote haiM-1. citta kI sthiratA aura 2. AtmA kI nirmltaa| citta kI sthiratA to kisI bhI sAMsArika viSaya meM ho sakatI hai, jise hama vyAvahArika yoga kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kara sakate haiN| yadi hama use jaina darzana kI bhASA meM kahe to ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna kaha sakate haiN| kintu isa prakAra kI sthiratA upAdeya nahIM kahI jA sakatI, kyoMki ye karma-bandha ke hetu haiN| citta ko nirmala banAne ke lie dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ko upAdeya mAnA gayA hai| inhIM donoM dhyAna ko mokSa kA kAraNa hone se sudhyAna kahA jAtA hai| paramAtmaprakAza meM kahA gayA hai ki nirmala citta meM paramAtmA ke darzana ThIka usI prakAra hote haiM, jisa prakAra nirmala AkAza meM sUrya ke|134 isa prakAra se dhyAna karanevAlA yogI anta meM svayaM AtyaMtika rUpa se nirmala paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| dhyeya kI apekSA se dhyAna ke prakAra AcAryoM ne dhyeya kI apekSA se dhyAna ke cAra prakAra kiye haiM--piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura ruupaatiit|135 parantu kahIM-kahIM isake tIna vargIkaraNa hI dekhane ko milate haiN| jaise- jJAnasAra meM piNDastha, padastha aura rUpastha kA hI varNana dekhane ko milatA hai| vahA~ rUpAtIta kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai|136 prAyaH dhyAna se sambandhita sabhI jaina granthoM

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dhyAna 201 meM cAra bheda hI kiye gaye haiN| yadyapi dhyAna ke ye cAra prakAra kaba aura kaise jaina paramparA meM vikasita hue, inakA srota kahA~ hai tathA ve utarottara kisa prakAra se vikAsa ko prApta hue, yaha vicAraNIya hai; kyoMki sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, dhyAnazataka, harivaMzapurANa, AdipurANa Adi granthoM evaM unakI TIkAoM meM ina bhedoM kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| zAstroM ke adhyayana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki piNDastha, padastha Adi bhedoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama AcArya yogIndu viracita yogAcAra jisakA kAla I0 kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai, meM milatA hai| tatpazcAt ina bhedoM kA ullekha AcArya zubhacandra kRta jJAnArNava (11 vIM zatI) tathA AcArya hemacandra sUri viracita yogazAstra (12vIM - 13vIM zatI) meM milatA hai| piNDasthadhyAna 'piNDa' kA artha hotA hai- 'zarIra' / ataH piNDastha kA abhiprAya hotA hai- zarIra meM rahanevAlI aatmaa| isa prakAra sAmAnya bhASA meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki piNDa arthAt zarIra sahita AtmA kA dhyAna karanA piNDasthadhyAna kahalAtA hai| yogazAstra tathA jJAnArNava meM isake pA~ca prakAra 137 batAye gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM (1) pArthivI dhAraNA, (2) AgneyI dhAraNA, (3) zvAsanA dhAraNA, (4) vArUNI dhAraNA, (5) tattvarUpavatI dhAraNA / pArthivI dhAraNA-sAdhaka yaha kalpanA kare ki madhyaloka ke barAbara lambe-caur3e kSIrasAgara meM jambUdvIpa ke barAbara eka lAkha yojana vistAravAlA aura hajAra paMkhur3iyoMvAlA kamala hai| usa kamala ke madhya meM eka siMhAsana hai / usa para vaha baiThA hai aura vizvAsa kare ki hamAre samasta karmoM (kaSAyoM) kA kSaya ho rahA hai| aisA vicAra pArthivI dhAraNA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai 138 AgneyI dhAraNA - sihAMsana para baiThA huA sAdhaka yaha kalpanA kare ki usakI nAbhi meM solaha paMkhur3iyoMvAlA kamala hai, usakI karNikA meM eka mahAmaMtra arham hai aura usake pratyeka dala para eka-eka svarUpa hai / arham ke repha se dhUmazikhA nikala rahI hai, sphuliMga uchala rahe haiN| agni kI jvAlA bhabhaka rahI hai, usameM hRdaya-sthita aSTadala kamala jo ATha karmoM kA sUcaka hai, jala rahA hai... vaha bhasmIbhUta ho gayA hai... agnizAnta ho gayI hai... aisA vicAra AgneyI dhAraNA hai / 139 vAyavI (zvAsa) dhAraNA sAdhaka yaha cintana kare ki loka meM mahAbalavAn vAyumaNDala cala rahA hai aura vaha AgneyI dhAraNA meM deha evaM kamala ko jalAne ke pazcAt

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202 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana bacI huI rAkha ko ur3A rahA hai| isa prakAra pracaNDa vAyu ke cintanapUrvaka bhasma hue zarIrAdi kI dhUli ko zIghra ur3Akara use zAnta karanA vAyavI dhAraNA hai| ise mArutI dhAraNA ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai|140 vAruNI dhAraNA- phira sAdhaka yaha kalpanA kare ki teja varSA ho rahI hai, bacI huI rAkha usake jala meM pravAhita ho rahI hai| yaha vAruNI dhAraNA hai|141 tattvavatI athavA tattvabhU dhAraNA- sAdhaka yaha kalpanA kare ki merI AtmA arhat ke samAna hai, zuddha hai, atizayasampanna hai| jJAnArNava meM kahA gayA hai-sAdhaka aisA cintana kare ki merI AtmA saptadhAtu se rahita hai aura pUrNa candramA ke samAna ujjvala evaM nirmala hai, merI AtmA sarvajJa hai| aisA cintana karanA tattvavatI dhAraNA hai|142 isa prakAra pahalI dhAraNA meM sAdhaka apane mana ko sthira karatA hai, dUsarI meM zarIra karma ko naSTa karatA hai, tIsarI meM zarIra aura karmoM ke sambandha ko bhinna dekhatA hai, cauthI meM zeSa karma kA naSTa honA tathA pA~cavI meM karma evaM zarIra se rahita zuddha AtmA ko dekhatA hai| phalata: vaha zukladhyAna meM pahu~cane kI sthiti ko prApta karatA hai| padastha dhyAna padastha dhyAna kA artha hI hotA hai- padoM yA akSaroM para dhyAna kendrita krnaa| isa dhyAna meM anekoM prakAra kI vidhAoM, maMtroM aura padoM kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| jJAnArNava meM ise paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pavitra padoM kA Alambana lekara jo anuSThAna yA cintana kiyA jAtA hai vaha padastha dhyAna hai|143 isI prakAra vasanandi zrAvakAcAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki eka akSara ko lekara aneka prakAra ke paMca parameSThI vAcaka pavitra mantrapadoM kA uccAraNa jisa dhyAna meM kiyA jAtA hai vaha padastha dhyAna hai|144 jJAnArNava meM ise varNa-mAtRkA dhyAna ke nAma se bhI pukArA gayA hai|145 yaha pA~ca prakAra se niSpanna hotA hai akSara dhyAna- akSara dhyAna ke dvArA sAdhaka nAbhikamala, hRdayakamala aura mukhakamala se zarIra ke tIna bhAgoM kI parikalpanA karatA hai| nAbhikamala meM sAdhaka yaha cintana karatA hai ki mere nAbhikamala meM solaha dalavAlA eka kamala hai jisakI pratyeka paMkhur3I para 'a', 'A', 'i', 'I' Adi solaha akSara aMkita haiN|146 sAdhaka ina vargoM para mana ko TikAtA hai aura usakA citta ekAgra ho jAtA hai| hRdayakamala meM sAdhaka yaha cintana karatA hai ki hRdaya sthala para caubIsa pa~khur3iyoMvAlA eka kamala hai jisake madhya meM eka karNikA bhI hai, ina caubIsa daloM evaM karNikA para 'ka', 'kha', 'ga' se lekara 'pa', 'pha', 'ba', 'bha', 'ma' Adi paccIsa varNa likhe hue haiN|144 sAdhaka jaba ina akSaroM para dhyAna

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dhyAna 203 lagAtA hai to usakI prajJAzakti jAgrata hotI hai| mukhakamala meM sAdhaka yaha vicAra karatA hai ki mukhamaNDala ke Upara 8 pattoMvAlA eka kamala banA huA hai jisake pratyeka patte para ya, ra, la, va, za, Sa, sa, ha --Adi ATha varNa aMkita haiN| isa prakAra apaneapane maNDaloM meM vidyamAna akAra se hakAra taka ke parama zaktisampanna mantroM kA dhyAna karane se ye maMtra ihaloka tathA paraloka meM phala denevAle hote haiM / 148 mantra aura varNoM kA dhyAna isa dhyAna meM maMtra aura varNoM ke samasta padoM ke svAmI ko arhaM mAnA gayA hai, jo repha (') yukta kalA evaM bindu se AkrAnta anAhata sahita maMtrarAja hotA haiM / 149 AcArya zubhacandra aura AcArya hemacandra ne 'anAhata' kI carcA karate hue 'ahaM' mahAmaMtra ko 'anAhatadeva' kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA hai| 15deg isa mahAmaMtra kI dhyAna- prakriyA ko batAte hue ve kahate haiM- buddhimaya dhyAtA ke svarNa-kamala ke garbha meM sthita candramA kI saghana kiraNoM ke samAna nirmala AkAza meM saMcaraNa karate hue aura samasta dizAo meM phailate hue repha se yukta kalA aura bindu se ghire hue anAhata sahita maMtrAdhipa'ahaM' kA cintana karanA caahie| tatpazcAta mukhakamala meM praveza karate hue bhU latA meM bhramaNa karate hue, netrapattoM meM sphurAyamAna hote hue, bhAlamaNDala meM sthita, tAlu ke randhra se bAhara nikalate hue amRta rasa barasAte hue, ujjvalatA meM candramA ke pratispardhI, jyotimaNDala meM vizeSa prakAra se camakate hue, AkAza pradeza meM saMcAra karate hue, mokSa lakSmI ke sAtha milApa karAte hue, samasta avayavoM se paripUrNa 'ahaM' maMtrAdhirAja kA kuMbhaka ke dvArA ciMtana karanA cAhie / 15 | 151 usake bAda repha, bindu aura kalA se sampUrNa aura repha, bindu, kalA evaM uccAraNa se rahita 'ha' varNa kA dhyAna karanA cAhie / 152 isI taraha kramazaH dUja ke candramA kI rekhA ke samAna evaM bAla ke agrabhAga ke samAna sUkSmarUpa se usa anAhata 'ha' kA dhyAna karanA cAhie / 153 phira lakSya arthAt sAlambana dhyAna se mana ko dhIre-dhIre haTAkara alakSya meM arthAt nirAlambana dhyAna meM sthira karane para atIndriya va avinazvara jyoti prakaTa hotI hai| alakSya meM avasthAna hI sAdhaka kI abhISTa siddhi hotI hai tathA isI se sAdhaka ko AtmajJAna kI prApti hotI hai / 154 isa prakAra isa dhyAna meM pahale lakSya kA Alambana karake anukrama se lakSya kA abhAva batAyA gayA hai| arthAt sAdhaka ko lakSya se alakSya kI ora agrasara honA cAhie, isa dhyAna meM aisA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| jisa sAdhaka kA mana alakSya meM sthira ho jAtA hai, use manovAMchita phala kI prApti hotI hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 204 praNavadhyAna- isa dhyAna meM OM pada ke dhyAna karane kA vidhAna hai| OM jise prAya: sabhI mokSavAdI paramparAyeM ekamata se svIkAra karatI haiN| vaidika paramparA ke anusAra yaha sArA jagata hI U~kAramaya hai| inake anusAra OM zabda 'a', 'u', 'ma' ina tIna akSaroM ke saMyoga se sampanna huA hai, jisameM 'a' ko 'brahma','u' ko viSNu tathA 'ma' ko maheza kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra jainAcAryoM ne OM ko paMcaparameSThI vAcaka mAnA hai| inake anusAra arahaMta, azarIrI-siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura mani ina pA~ca parameSThiyoM ke prathama varNa ko lekara saMdhi karane se OM zabda niSpanna hai| yAnI ki a+a+A+u+ma = a+a+A = aa| A+u = o aura oma = oma yA OM aisA mAnA gayA hai|55 isa dhyAna meM hRdaya-kamala ke madhya meM sthita, vacana vilAsa kI utpatti kA ekamAtra kAraNa, svara aura vyaMjanoM se yukta, paMcaparameSThI kA vAcaka evaM mastiSka meM sthita candrakalA se jharate hue amRtarasa se Ardra 'mahAmaMtra U~kAra' kA kumbhaka dvArA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai|56 zaMkha, kunda aura candra ke samAna ujjvala praNava (OM) zUnya (0) aura anAhata (ha) ina tInoM kA nAsikA ke agrabhAga para dhyAna karanevAlA aNimAdi ATha siddhiyoM ko prApta kara samasta viSayoM ke nirmala jJAna meM pAraMgata ho jAtA hai| isa dhyAna kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha stambhana kArya meM pIta, vazIkaraNa meM lAla, zobhita avasthA meM mUMge ke samAna, dveSa meM kRSNa, karmanAzaka avasthA meM candramA ke samAna ujjvala varNa kA hotA hai|57 isa taraha isameM OM zabda ko lakSya karake sAdhaka AtmavikAsa kI ora bar3hatA hai| paMcaparameSThI dhyAna- arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pA~ca parameSThI pada haiN| isa dhyAna meM sarvaprathama hRdaya meM ATha paMkhur3IvAle kamala kI sthApanA karake karNikA para likhe "saptAkSara arahaMtANaM" pada kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt cAroM dizAoM meM cAra patroM para kramaza: "Namo siddhANaM","Namo AyariyANaM","Namo uvajjhAyANaM' aura "Namo loe savvasAhUNaM" kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai tathA cAroM vidizAoM ke patroM para kramaza: "eso paMcaNamokkAro, savvapAvapaNAsaNo, maMgalANaM ca savvesiM, paDhamaM havai maMgalaM kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai|58 parantu AcArya zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava meM uparyukta vivecana se bhinna vivecana kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki sAdhaka ko pUrvAdi cAra dizAoM meM to 'Namo arahaMtANaM Adi kA dhyAna karanA cAhie, lekina cAra vidizAoM meM kramazaH samyagdarzanAyanama:, samyagjJAnAya namaH, samyak-cAritrAya nama: tathA samyagtapase namaH kA smaraNa karanA caahie|159 sAdhaka ko inhI maMtroM para apanI sampUrNa bhAvanAoM ko ekAgra karake Atmasiddhi meM saMlagna honA caahie| yahI mahAmantra sabakA rakSaka mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki

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dhyAna NamokAra maMtra kI sAdhanA se sAdhaka apane sabhI karmoM kA kSaya karake, divya zakti, jJAna- zakti, AcAra-zuddhi, smaraNa zakti Adi ko prakhara banAkara tathA kAma-vAsanA ko samApta karake atIndriya jJAna evaM pratibhA ko prApta karatA hai| 205 jaina granthoM meM uparyukta maMtro ke atirikta aura bhI kucha maMtra dekhane ko milate haiM jinakA nitya japa karane se sAdhaka ko zAnti kI prApti hotI hai evaM unake karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| 160 isI krama me SoDazAkSara vidyA bhI AtI hai| solaha akSaroM se yukta maMtra ko SoDazAkSara vidyA kahate haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM- arhatsiddhAcAryopAdhyAyasarvasAdhubhyo namaH / isameM cha: akSaravAlA japa hai- arihaMta siddha, cAra akSaravAlA hai- arihaMta, do akSaroM kA hai-siddha aura eka akSara hai- 'a' / 161 isa maMtra ko ekAgracitta hokara do sau bAra japane se eka upavAsa kA phala milatA hai| 162 isI prakAra OM, hrA~, hrIM, hU~, hrIM, a, si, A, u, sA namaH isa paMcAkSarI vidyA ke nirantara abhyAsa se sAdhaka mana ko vaza meM kara saMsAra rUpI bandhana ko zIghra kATa detA hai evaM ekAgracitta se maMgala, uttama padoM kA japa karatA huA mokSa ko prApta karatA haiM / 163 " uparyukta maMtroM ke atirikta kucha aura bhI maMtra dekhane ko milate haiM jinake dhyAna se sAdhaka mokSa pada ko prApta karatA hai / ve isa prakAra haiM- " OM arhat siddha sayogakevalI svaahaa|" U~, hrIM, zrIM, arhaM, namaH / " namaH sarva siddhebhyaH / " Adi / isa prakAra padastha dhyAna meM zarIra meM sthita vibhinna dhyAna kendroM (kamaloM) para vibhinna maMtroM ke abhyAsa se sAdhaka ke samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura vaha laukika prayojanoM kI siddhi ke sAtha-sAtha mokSapada kI prApti bhI karatA hai / parantu dhyAtavya hai ki jisa akSara, pada, vAkya, zabda, maMtra evaM vidyA kA dhyAna karane se sAdhaka rAga-dveSa se rahita ho jAtA hai, vahI dhyAna mAnA jAtA hai| anyathA rAga-dveSAdi se mohita hokara sAMsArika prapaMcoM ko dUra karane ke vicAra se jo dhyAna karatA hai usako siddhiyA~ prApta nahIM hotI haiM / 164 rUpasthadhyAna arahaMta bhagavAn ke svarUpa kA avalambana karake kiyA jAnevAlA dhyAna rUpastha dhyAna kahalAtA hai|165 arthAt sAdhaka tIrthaMkara Adi ke guNoM evaM AdarzoM ko apane samakSa rakhakara unake svarUpa kA sahArA lekara jo dhyAna karatA hai, vaha rUpastha dhyAna kahalAtA hai| jJAnArNava meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa arahaMta deva se anantajJAna, darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya, kSAyika samyaktva aura cAritra ina nau labdhi rUpI lakSmI kI utpatti huI hai evaM jo sarvajJa hai, dAtA hai, sarvahitaiSI hai, vardhamAna hai, nirAmaya hai, nitya hai, avyaya

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206 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana hai, avyakta evaM purAtana hai, aise tIrthaMkara kA smaraNa karake jo dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha rUpastha dhyAna hai|166 rUpastha dhyAnI ke lakSaNa ko batAte hae yogazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki rUpastha dhyAna ko dhAraNa karanevAlA sAdhaka rAga-dveSAdi vikAroM se rahita, zAntakAntAdi samasta guNoM se yukta tathA yogamudrA ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa manorama tathA netroM meM amanda Ananda kA adbhuta pravAha bahAnevAlA, atizaya guNoM se yukta jinendradeva kI pratimA kA nirmala citta se dhyAna karanevAlA hotA hai|167 tAtparya hai ki isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka vItarAgatA kA hI dhyAna karatA hai, kyoMki jaba sAdhaka vItarAgatA kA dhyAna karatA hai taba vaha vItarAgI banatA hai, yadi vaha rAgatA kA dhyAna karatA hai to rAgI banatA hai|168 kAraNa ki jina-jina bhAvoM se jIva kA mana jur3atA hai vaha unhIM-unhIM bhAvoM meM tanmayatA ko prApta karatA hai|169 rUpAtItadhyAna rUpa se atIta arthAt binA raMga-rUpa ke atIta, niraMjana, nirAkAra, jJAnazarIrI AnandasvarUpa ke smaraNa karane ko rUpAtIta dhyAna kahate haiN| 170 rUpAtIta dhyAna paramAtmA kA zaddharUpa dhyAna hai| isameM sAdhaka apanI AtmA ko hI paramAtmA samajhakara smaraNa karatA hai| dhyAnI siddha parameSThI ke dhyAna kA abhyAsa karake zakti kI apekSA se apane-Apako unake samAna jAnakara unameM lIna ho jAtA hai aura apane karmoM kA nAza karake vyakta rUpa parameSThI ho jAtA hai|171 isa avasthA ko AcArya hemacandra ne samarasIbhAva ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai|172 yadyapi piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha evaM rUpAtIta dhyAna ke bheda, dharmadhyAna ke antargata hI Ate haiN| parantu ye bheda dhyeya kI apekSA se kiye gaye haiM, isalie hamane inakA alaga se varNana kiyA hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki dharmadhyAna ke ina bheda-prabhedoM ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka dhyAna kI sthiratA ko prApta karatA hai jisase usakA citta kisI eka dhyeya meM kendrita ho jAtA hai| isa dhyAna (dharmadhyAna) ke antargata sAdhaka vibhinna sAdhanoM yathA-japa, mantra, vidyAoM Adi kA sahArA lekara tathA vratoM ke samyak AcaraNa se sthUla vastuoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue sUkSma tattva kI ora gati karatA hai| parantu yaha bhI satya hai ki isa dhyAna ko sabhI sAdhaka nahIM kara sakate haiN| ve hI sAdhaka isa dhyAna ko kara sakate haiM jo yaha socate haiM ki bhale hI prANoM kA tyAga karanA par3e lekina saMyama se cyuta nahIM hoNge| sAtha hI vaha anya jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha ko apane sukha-duHkha kI bhA~ti samajhatA ho, parISahajayI ho, mumukSu ho, rAgadveSAdi kaSAyoM, duSavRttiyoM evaM kAmavAsanAoM se mukta ho, zatru,mitra,nindA,stuti Adi meM samatAbhAva dhAraNa karanevAlA ho, paropakArI evaM prazasta-buddhi ho|173

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dhyAna 207 dhyAna ke anya bheda kucha granthoM meM dhyAna ke pramukha cAra bhedoM ke atirikta anya prakAra se bhI bheda kiye gaye haiN| dhyAna vicAra nAmaka pustaka meM dhyAna ke caubIsa74 (24) prakAra batAye gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM 1. dhyAna 2. parama dhyAna 3. zUnya 4. parama zUnya 5. kalA 6. parama kalA 7. jyoti 8. parama jyoti bindu 10. parama bindu 11. nAda parama nAda 13. tArA 14. parama tArA laya 16. parama laya 17. lava 18. parama lava 19. mAtrA 20. parama mAtrA 21. pada 22. parama pada 23. siddha 24. parama siddha dekhA jAe to uparyukta bAraha prakAra hI haiM, una bAraha prakAroM meM paramapada lagAkara caubIsa prakAra kara diye gaye haiN| bauddha paramparA meM dhyAna kA svarUpa bauddha paramparA meM bhI dhyAna kA utanA hI mahattva hai jitanA ki jaina paramparA meM, kyoMki koI bhI sAdhanA ho, cAhe vaha jaina paramparA kI ho yA bauddha paramparA kI, dhyAna se vilaga hokara usakI vivecanA nahIM kI jA sktii| ata: dhyAna bauddha-sAdhanA kA hRdaya hai| bauddha mAnyatA ke anusAra citta ke kAraNa hI sAdhaka ko saMsAra-bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai, isalie citta-kuzaloM ko sthira karane ke lie hI dhyAna kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai-citta kA abhyAsa hI dhyAna hai|175 yAnI kisI viSaya para citta ko sthira kara cintana karanA hI dhyAna hai| dhyAna lakSya kI siddhi ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi bauddha paramparA ke hInayAna tathA mahAyAna sampradAya meM mAnya lakSya prApti meM aMtara hai, kyoMki hInayAna meM nirvANa-prApti kara arhat pada ko prApta karanA pradhAna uddezya mAnA jAtA hai aura mahAyAna kA lakSya buddhatva kI prApti hai| bauddha paramparA meM 'dhyAna' aura 'samAdhi' zabdoM ke prayoga hI dekhane ko milate haiN| dhyAna aura samAdhi meM bhI antara hai| samAdhi jahA~ mAtra kuzala dharmoM se sambaddha hai, vahIM dhyAna kuzala evaM akuzala (zubha aura azubha) donoM prakAra ke bhAvoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| ata: samAdhi kI apekSA dhyAna kA kSetra bar3A hai|

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208 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana dhyAna ke prakAra dhyAna ke bheda-bhedAGga vivAda ke viSaya rahe haiN| kahIM unheM cAra prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai to kahIM pA~ca prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai, parantu mukhyata: dhyAna ke do hI prakAra haiM- rUpAvacara dhyAna tathA aruupaavcr| rUpAvacara dhyAna meM una dhyAnoM kA samAveza hai jinameM rUpa Alambana ke AkAra meM hotA hai aura jaba rUpa kA atikramaNa karate hue yogI arUpa ko apane dhyAna kA viSaya banAtA hai to usakA citta arUpa dhyAna ko prApta karatA hai| rUpAvacara tathA arUpAvacara ke puna: cAra-cAra bheda kiye gaye haiMrUpAvacara dhyAna176 1. vitarka vicAra prItisukha ekAgrasahita, 2. prItisukha ekAgrasahita, 3. sukha ekAgrasahita, 4. ekAgratAsahita arUpAvacara177 1. AkAzAnantyAyatana, 2. vijJAnAnantyAyatana, 3. AkiMcanyAyatana, 4. naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana parantu ye uparyukta cAra rUpAvacara dhyAna tathA cAra arUpAvacara dhyAna sAdhaka ko nIvaraNoM ke zAnta hone ke pazcAt citta ko dhyAna meM lagAne para prApta hote haiN| dIghanikAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko nIvaraNoM178 (kAmacchanda, vyApAda, styAnamiddha, auddhatyakaukRtya evaM vicikitsA) ke haTane para vaisA hI Ananda prApta hotA hai jaisA ki RNI vyakti ko RNa se mukta hone para, rogI ko roga samApta ho jAne para, bandI vyakti ko kArAgAra se chUTane para, dAsa ko dAsatA se mukta hone para tathA bhayAkIrNa marubhUmi meM bhaTake vyakti ko surakSita sthAna para pahu~cane para hotA hai|179 vitarka vicAra prItisukha ekAgrasahita (prathama dhyAna) yaha rUpAvacara dhyAna kA prathama bhAga hai jo viSaya bhogoM aura akazala pravRttiyoM se alaga hokara vitarka evaM vicAra se utpanna prIti aura sukha kA saMvAhaka hai| isameM jaba sAdhaka apane citta ko indriyoM aura bodhyaMgoM ke samprayoga dvArA pratibhAga nimitta meM sthira kara letA hai taba usake Alambana meM cAra cetanAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, jinameM antima rUpAvacara bhUmi hotI hai, zeSa kAmadhAtu se sambandhita hotI haiN| inhIM zeSa kAmadhAtu se sambandhita cetanAe~ prathama dhyAna kI pahalI samApatti kI prApti kI prArambhika kAraNa banatI haiM,180 ve haiM- vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha aura ekaagrtaa| dhyAna ke viSaya meM citta kA praveza

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dhyAna 209 vitarka kahalAtA hai| usa viSaya meM gahare utarane ko vicAra kahate haiN| usase jo Ananda upalabdha hotA hai use prIti kahate haiN| usa Ananda se zarIra ko jo samAdhAna milatA hai vaha sukha hai aura usa viSaya meM citta kI jo ekAgratA hotI hai, use ekAgratA kahate haiN|181 AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ke zabdoM meM "citta ko kisI viSaya meM samAhita karane ke samaya usa viSaya meM citta kA jo prathama praveza hotA hai, vaha 'vitarka' hotA hai, parantu Age bar3hane para usa viSaya meM citta kA nigamana honA 'vicAra' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| buddhaghoSa ne inake bheda ko do rocaka udAharaNoM se samajhAyA hai| AkAza meM ur3ane se pahale pakSI apane paMkhoM ko samatolana karatA hai aura kaI kSaNoM taka apane paMkhoM ke sahAre AkAza meM sthira rahatA hai, isakI samatA 'vitarka' se dI gaI hai| anantara vaha apane paMkhoM ko hilAkara unameM gati paidA kara AkAza meM ur3ane lagatA hai, yaha kriyA 'vicAra' kA pratIka hai athavA kisI gande pAtra ko eka hAtha se pakar3ane tathA use dUsare hAtha se sApha sutharA karane kI kriyA meM jo antara hai vahI antara vitarka tathA vicAra meM hai| isI prakAra prIti tathA sakha kI bhAvanA meM bhI sphaTatara pArthakya hai| citta-samAdhAna se jo mAnasika AhlAda utpanna hotA hai use 'prIti' kahate haiN| anantara isa bhAva kA prabhAva zarIra para par3atA hai| zarIra kI vyutpatti dazA kI becainI jAtI rahatI hai| phalata: pUre zarIra ke Upara sthiratA tathA zAnti ke bhAva kA jo udaya hotA hai, use hI 'sukha' kahate haiN| prIti mAnasika Ananda hai aura sukha zArIrika samAdhAna yA sthirtaa| isake anantara citta viSaya ke sAtha apanA sAmaMjasya sthApita kara letA hai, ise hI ekAgratA kahate haiN| ina pA~coM kI pradhAnatA rahane para prathama dhyAna utpanna hotA hai| 182 visuddhimaggo meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki jaba sAdhaka ina pA~ca aMgoM kI bhAvanA bAra-bAra karatA hai to ve aMga sudRr3ha ho jAte haiN| isI avasthA meM sAdhaka ko prathama dhyAna kI prApti hotI hai|183 kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka kAmoM se alaga hone ke pazcAt hI akuzala dharmoM se rahita hokara vitarka-vicAra sahita viveka se utpanna prIti aura sukhavAle prathama dhyAna ko prApta karake viharatA hai|184 yahA~ akuzala dharmoM se abhiprAya hai zeSa cAra niivrnn| yadyapi akuzala dharma to bahuta haiM parantu isa dhyAna-prakriyA meM unheM hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai jo dhyAna ke aMgoM ke virodhI haiM, yathA- kAmacchanda samAdhi rUpa ekAgratA kA virodhI hai, vyApAda prIti kA virodhI hai, styAnamiddha (Alasya aura akarmaNyatA) vitarka kA virodhI hai, auddhatya-kaukRtya sukha kA virodhI hai, vicikitsA vicAra kA virodhI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pA~ca nIvaraNoM meM se prathama kAma se alaga rahane para ekAgratA kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai tathA zeSa nIvaraNoM se alaga hone para kramaza: vitarka, vicAra, prIti aura sukha rUpI aMga utpanna hote haiN| ata: ye pA~ca nIvaraNa prathama dhyAna ke prahANa-aMga haiN|185

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210 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana uparyukta pA~ca dhyAnAMgoM (vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha aura ekAgratA) ke prAdurbhAva se hI yogI prathama dhyAna kA lAbha karatA hai| isa dhyAna kI prakriyA meM vitarka citta ko Alambana ke pAsa le jAtA hai, vicAra citta ko Alambana meM lagAtAra pravRtta karAtA hai, prIti citta ko paritoSa detI hai, sukha citta meM vRddhi karatA hai aura ekAgratA citta ko Alambana meM samyak aura samarUpa pratiSThita karatI hai|86 isa prakAra prathama dhyAna kI prApti hotI hai| parantu prathama dhyAna kI prApti ke bAda yogI ko yaha nizcita kara lenA cAhie ki kisa prakAra ke AvAsa meM rahakara kisa prakAra kA bhojana kare aura kisa prakAra ke IryApatha se use prathama dhyAna kI prApti huI hai, kyoMki kadAcit usakA dhyAna naSTa ho gayA to punaH sAdhaka usI prakAra kI avasthAoM ko prApta kara puna: prathama dhyAna ko prApta kara sakatA hai|187 jaba taka sAdhaka ko prathama dhyAna para sudRr3hatApUrvaka adhikAra na ho jAe, taba taka use dUsare dhyAna kI ora pravRtta nahIM honA cAhie varanA dUsare dhyAna kI prApti na hokara prathama dhyAna se cyuta hone kI sambhAvanA adhika hogii| paTisammidAmaga meM vazitAoM dvArA prathama dhyAna para pUrNa adhikAra karane ko kahA gayA hai| vazitA kA artha hotA hai- sAmarthya sampanna yogI kA bhaav| ye pA~ca prakAra kI haiM- Avarjana, samAvarjana, adhiSThAna, vyutthAna tathA prtyvekssnn|188 Avarjana- prathama dhyAna ke pratyeka aMga ko nizcita deza aura kAla meM, nizcita samaya ke lie yathAruci pravRta karane kI sAmarthyatA Avarjana vazitA kahalAtI hai| isa vazitA ke phalIbhUta ho jAne para sAdhaka jaba cAhe, jahA~ bhI cAhe aura jitanI dera cAhe utanI dera prathama dhyAna ke kisI bhI aMga para citta ko sthira kara sakatA hai|189 / samAvarjana- dhyAna prApta karane ke prazcAt vihAra karane kI icchA hone para bhI sAdhaka adhika bhavAMga (svAbhAvika mana) utpanna na hone dekara bhavaMga calana, bhavaMgopaccheda, manodvArAvarjana, parikarma, upacAra, anuloma aura gotrabhU ko hI utpanna karake yathAruci dhyAna citto ke utpAda meM sAmarthya prApta kara letA hai, yahI sAmarthya bhAva samAvarjana vazitA kahalAtI hai|190 adhiSThAna- citta ko dhyAna-santati meM pratiSThita karane kI sAmarthyatA adhiSThAna vazitA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| isa vazitA ke antargata bhavAMga arthAt Alambana rahita parizuddha citta kA abhibhava hotA hai aura dhyAna-santati kI pratiSThA hotI hai| sAdhaka jisa kSaNa dhyAna ke pravAha meM rahatA hai usa kSaNa bhavAMgacitta kI utpatti ko rokakara dhyAna meM hI rahatA hai| sthiti kI ye sAmarthyatA hI adhiSThAna vazitA kahalAtI hai|191

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dhyAna 211 vyutthAna- nizcita kAla taka dhyAna-pravAha ko banAye rakhane tathA citta ko bhavAMga-prapAta se bacAne kI sAmarthyatA ko adhiSThAna vazitA kahate haiM, parantu ThIka ise viparIta yathAsamaya arthAt nizcita kAla para dhyAna se uThane kI sAmarthyatA vyutthAna vazitA kahalAtI hai| 192 pratyavekSaNa- dhyAna ke aMgoM kA Avarjana (arthAt nizcita dezakAla aura nizcita samaya ke lie yathAruci pravRtti) karate samaya do aMgoM ke Avarjana ke antarAla aneka bhavAMga-cittoM ke utpanna hone kI saMbhAvAnA rahatI hai| sAdhaka jaba ina bhavAMga-cittoM kI utpatti ko avasara na dekara dhyAna ke aMgoM kA puna:-puna: Avarjana karane kI kSamatA ko prApta karatA hai to usakI vaha sAmarthyatA hI pratyavekSaNa vazitA kahalAtI hai|193 uparyukta pA~ca vazitAoM ko prAptakara sAdhaka dhyAna ke pA~coM aMga kI sthiti ko majabUta kara letA hai, jisase usake prathama dhyAna ke naSTa hone kI saMbhAvAnA nahIM rahatI hai aura sAdhaka prathama dhyAna kA dhAraka ho jAtA hai| prItisukha ekAgra sahita (dvitIya dhyAna) isa dhyAna meM vitarka tathA vicAra kA abhAva rahatA hai| paMca vazitAoM dvArA jaba sAdhaka prathama dhyAna meM abhyasta ho jAtA hai taba vaha prathama dhyAna se uThakara vicAra karatA hai ki prathama dhyAna meM vitarka evaM vicAra jaise sthUla aMgoM kA samAveza rahatA hai, ata: vaha doSapUrNa hai tathA vitarka evaM vicAra se rahita dhyAna apekSAkRta adhika zAnta evaM praNIta hotA hai| vitarka evaM vicAra meM nAnA ApattiyoM ko dekhakara sAdhaka dvitIya dhyAna ko prApta karane ke lie apane pUrva nimitta ko hI Alambana banAkara bhAvanA karatA hai| isameM prIti, sukha tathA ekAgratA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| isa dhyAna kI upamA pAnI ke usa bhItarI srotoMvAle jalAzaya se dI gayI hai jisameM kisI bhI dizA se pAnI Ane kA rAstA nahIM hai, varSA kI dhArA bhI usameM nahIM giratI, pratyut bhItara kI jaladhArA phUTakara use zItala jala se bhara detI hai| isI prakAra bhItarI suprasannatA tathA citta kI ekAgratA ke kAraNa samAdhijanya prIti-sukha sAdhaka ke zarIra ko bhItara se hI AplAvita kara detA hai| 194 phalataH sAdhaka vitarka aura vicAra ke zAMta ho jAne se bhItarI prasannatA evaM citta kI ekAgratA se yukta, kintu vitarka aura vicAra se rahita samAdhi se utpanna prIti sukhavAle dvitIya dhyAna ko prApta kara viharatA hai| vitarka evaM vicArapUrvaka na hone ke kAraNa dvitIya dhyAna prathama dhyAna kI apekSA agra aura zreSTha hotA hai tathA samAdhi meM vRddhi karatA hai, kyoMki prathama dhyAna meM jo zraddhA

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 212 hotI hai vaha vitarka vicAra ke sAtha hone ke kAraNa nirbala rUpa meM rahatI hai, vahI zraddhA dvitIya dhyAna meM Akara balavatI ho jAtI hai jisa kAraNa sAdhaka kA citta suprasanna rahatA haiM / 195 abhidharmakoza meM isa dhyAna ko saMprasAda kahA gayA hai / arthAt zraddhAyukta hone ke kAraNa tathA vitarka-vicAra ke kSobha se vyupazama hone ke kAraNa yaha citta ko suprasanna karatA hai| saMprasAda isa dhyAna kA pariSkAra hai / 196 cU~ki yaha samAdhi meM vRddhi karatA hai, isalie ise ekodibhAva kahate haiM / 197 isa dhyAna para bhI pA~ca vazitAoM dvArA Adhipatya sthApita karanA caahie| sukha ekAgra sahita (tRtIya dhyAna ) isa dhyAna meM kevala sukha aura ekAgratA kI hI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| dvitIya dhyAna se uThakara sAdhaka jaba vicAra karatA hai to use prIti se yukta hone ke kAraNa dvitIya dhyAna bhI doSayukta pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki prIti sthUla hotI hai aura isakI pravRtti kA AkAra udvegapUrNa hotA hai| isalie prIti se yukta dvitIya dhyAna bhI tyAjya hai| aisA vicAra kara sAdhaka sukha tathA ekAgratA -- ina do aMgoMvAle tRtIya dhyAna kI ora prayatnazIla hotA hai| vaha sthUla aMga ke prANa evaM tRtIya dhyAna kI prApti ke lie pRthvI nimitta kA bArambAra cintana karatA hai / 998 phalataH bhavAMga kA upaccheda ho citta kA Avarjana hotA hai / tadantara usI pRthvI-kasiNa Alambana meM cAra yA pA~ca javana utpanna hote haiN| inameM se kevala antima javana rUpAvacara- tRtIya dhyAna kA hai / 199 isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka prIti evaM virAga se bhI upekSAyukta hokara smRti evaM saMprajJatA ko hI mahattva detA hai / vaha zarIra ke AryoM (jisane Arya jJAna prApta kara liyA ho) ke dvArA kahe gaye sabhI sukhoM kA anubhava karate hue upekSA ke sAtha smRtimAna aura sukha vihAravAle tIsare dhyAna ko prApta hokara viharatA hai / 200 tRtIya dhyAna ko karanevAlA dhyAnI upekSA, smRti tathA saMprajJatA se yukta hotA hai| 700 201 upekSA - na to prIti se hI citta meM koI vikSepa utpanna hotA hai aura na virAga se hI / citta jina bhAvoM kI upekSA kara samatA kA anubhava karatA hai, unake daza prakAra haiM 2 0 1 -- SaDaMgopekSA, brahmavihAropekSA, bodhyaMgopekSA, vIryopekSA, saMskAropekSA, vedanopekSA, vipazyanopekSA, tatramadhyatvopekSA, dhyAnopekSA aura parizuddhayupekSA / yadyapi ye upekSAyeM prathama evaM dvitIya dhyAna meM bhI rahatI haiM, kintu vahA~ vitarka, vicAra evaM prItirUpa aMgoM ke hone ke kAraNa inakA kArya avyakta rahatA hai| smRti - sAdhaka ko dvitIya dhyAna ke samaya honevAlI vRttiyoM kI smRti kA banA rahanA smRti kahalAtA hai|

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dhyAna 213 saMprajJAta - sAdhaka ke citta meM sukha kI bhAvanA kA vikSepaNa na honA saMprajJatA hai| dhyAna se sAdhaka ke zarIra meM eka vicitra zAnti tathA samAdhAna kA udaya hotA hai| jisameM sAdhaka ko samatA bhAva kI prApti hotI hai| jaisA ki dIghanikAya meM dRSTAMta upasthita karate hue kahA bhI gayA hai ki jisa prakAra kamala samudAya meM koI nIlakalama, raktakamala yA zvetakamala jala meM utpanna hokara jala meM hI bar3hatA hai aura jar3a se coTI taka jala meM hI vyApta rahatA hai, usI prakAra tRtIya dhyAna meM bhikSu kA zarIra prItisukha meM vyApta rahatA hai|202 prIti puna: utpanna na ho isalie tRtIya dhyAna para bhI yogI ko vazitAoM dvArA Adhipatya sthApita kara lenA caahie| ekAgratA sahita (caturtha dhyAna) jaba sAdhaka pA~ca vazitAoM dvArA tRtIya dhyAna meM abhyasta ho jAtA hai aura vaha usake viSaya meM vicAra karatA hai to tRtIya dhyAna bhI use doSayukta dikhAI detA hai| kAraNa ki isakA sukha sthUla hai aura isake aMga durbala haiN| sAdhaka ko tRtIya dhyAna kI apekSA caturtha dhyAna adhika zAnta aura praNIta lagatA hai| isa dhyAna meM zArIrika sukha yA duHkha kA sarvathA tyAga, mAnasika sukha yA duHkha kA prahANa, rAga-dveSa se viraha, upekSA dvArA smRti parizuddhi-ina cAra vizeSatAoM kA janma hotA hai, jo pUrva ke tIna dhyAnoM ke pariNAma rUpa hotA hai| dIghanikAya meM kahA bhI gayA hai-saumanasya evaM daurmanasya ke asta ho jAne se na duHkha na sukhavAlA yaha dhyAna smRti evaM upekSA se zuddha hotA hai| yogI caturtha dhyAna rUpI citta se zarIra ko nirmala banAtA hai| usake zarIra kA koI bhI bhAga aisA nahIM bacatA jo zuddha evaM nirmala na ho|203 jisa prakAra ujale kapar3e se sira taka r3hakakara baiThanevAle puruSa ke zarIra kA koI bhI bhAga ujale kapar3e se be-r3hakA nahIM rahatA, usI prakAra sAdhaka ke zarIra kA koI bhI bhAga zuddha-citta se avyApta nahIM rhtaa| dhyAna kI yahI parAkASThA mAnI gayI hai| isa prakAra caturtha dhyAna kI vizeSatA ko samajhakara sAdhaka punaH-puna: usI (pRthvI) nimitta kA Alambana kara dhyAna ko sudRr3ha banAtA hai| isa dhyAna ke do aMga haiMupekSA-vedanA tathA ekaagrtaa|204 duHkha aura sukha se rahita atisUkSma evaM kaThinAI se samajhI jAnevAlI vedanA upekSA-vedanA hai, jo na to kAyika sukha rUpa hotI hai aura na hI kAyika duHkharUpa, na caitasika sukharUpa hotI hai na caitasika duHkharUpa aura na hI sukhadu:kha, saumanasya evaM daurmanasya kA abhAvamAtra hI hotI hai, balki yaha eka aisI

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214 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana vedanA hai jise sukha-du:kha ke prahANa se hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sukha-duHkha ke prahANa ke sAtha-sAtha rAga-dveSa bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| phalata: smRti pUrNa rUpa se parizuddha ho jAtI hai, kyoMki rAgadveSavihIna upekSA hI smRti kI parizuddhi meM pradhAna kAraNa hotI hai| kintu aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki pUrva ke tInoM dhyAna upekSA vihIna hote haiM, balki pUrva ke tInoM dhyAnoM meM bhI upekSA vidyamAna rahatI hai, kintu vaha vitarka, vicAra, prIti tathA sukha se yukta hone ke kAraNa aparizuddha rUpa meM hotI hai aura yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai ki upekSA ke aparizuddha hone para smRti bhI aparizuddha hogii| ata: vitarka Adi ke zAnta hone se upekSA atyanta parizuddha ho jAtI hai aura upekSA kI parizuddhi se smRti Adi bhI parizuddha ho jAtI hai|205 kahIM-kahIM pA~ca dhyAnoM (dhyAna paMcaka) kA varNana dekhane ko milatA hai| dhyAnapaMcaka ke dvitIya dhyAna meM vitarka ko chor3akara vicAra, prIti, sukha aura ekAgratA--ye cAra aMga haiM, tRtIya dhyAna meM vicAra nahIM hai| isameM prIti, sukha tathA ekAgratA ye-tIna aMga haiM, antima do dhyAna dhyAnacatuSTaka kA tRtIya aura caturtha dhyAna hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki pA~cavA~ dhyAna koI nayA nahIM hai, balki catuSTaka dhyAna ke dvitIya dhyAna ko hI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai| arUpAvacara dhyAna rUpAvacara dhyAna kI prApti ke pazcAt sAdhaka arUpAvacara dhyAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai| yadyapi rUpAvacara dhyAna kI caturtha athavA paMcama dhyAna kI avasthA ke bAda nirvANa yA mokSa kA sAkSAtkAra sambhava ho jAtA hai, phira bhI sAdhaka nirvANa aura nirAkAra Alambana para dhyAna karatA hai| rUpAvacara dhyAna meM sAdhaka eka hI nimitta ko Alambana ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai tathA usI ke sahAre sUkSma se sUkSmatara avasthA ko prApta karatA hai, vahIM arUpAvacara dhyAna meM sAdhaka AlambanoM ko badalate hue dhyAna kI sUkSma se sUkSmatara avasthA ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| parantu itanA nizcita hai ki cAra rUpAvacara dhyAna kI prApti ke pazcAt hI cAra arUpAvacara dhyAna kI prApti hotI hai| karajarUpa (zukrazoNita se utpanna) kAya meM aura indriya tathA unake viSaya meM doSa dekhakara rUpa kA samatikrama karane ke hetu yaha dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| phalataH sAdhaka kasiNa rUpa kA atikramaNa kara rUpa-vimukta arUpa-dhyAna kI bhAvanA karatA hai| rUpAvacara se arUpAvacara kI ora agrasara hone ko eka udAharaNa dvArA bar3e hI sarala zabdoM meM samajhAyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai-jisa prakAra koI puruSa sarpa se bhayabhIta hokara sarpa ke samAna dikhanevAlI rassI se bhI bhaya khAtA hai athavA jisa prakAra pizAca se DaranevAlA puruSa *

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dhyAna 215 pizAca ke samAna dikhanevAle sthANu se bhI DaratA hai, usI prakAra karajarUpa se bhayabhIta sAdhaka kasiNa rUpa se bhI bhaya khAne lagatA hai|206 arUpAvacara dhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM-AkAzAnantyAyatana, vijJAnAnantyAyatana, AkiMJcanyAyatana, naivsNjnyaanaasNjnyaaytn|207 AkAzAnantyAyatana (prathama ArUpya-dhyAna) isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka ananta AkAza para vicAra karatA hai| jaba sAdhaka caturtha dhyAna meM abhyasta ho jAtA hai taba use vaha dhyAna kasiNa rUpa ke Alambana se utpanna hone ke kAraNa doSayukta dikhAI par3atA hai| use yaha pratIta hotA hai ki caturtha dhyAna kA sukhAtmaka aMgoMvAle tRtIya dhyAna se sAmIpya hai| ata: usakA svabhAva zAnta nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra vibhinna prakAra ke doSoM ko dekha kara rUpa ke Alambana kA tyAga karatA hai tathA ananta AkAza kI bhAvanA karatA hai|208 prArambha meM sAdhaka ke dhyAna kA Alambana choTA hotA hai jise vaha caturtha dhyAna kI avasthA taka Ate-Ate vizvAkAra kara letA hai| usa vizvAkAra AkRti para caturthadhyAna sAdhya karane ke pazcAt sAdhaka apane dhyAna-bala se usa AkRti ko dUra karake vizva meM kevala eka AkAza hI bharA huA hai, aisA dekhatA hai| isa prakAra caturtha dhyAna taka Alambana rUpAtmaka rahatA hai aura aba arUpAtmaka ho jAtA hai|209 arUpAtmaka yAnI ki kisI prakAra kA koI AkAra-prakAra nahIM honaa| cUMki AkAza kI na to utpatti hI hotI hai aura na vinAza hI hotA hai, vaha Adi tathA antarahita hai| isalie use ananta kahA jAtA hai| ananta AkAza ko dhyAna kA Alambana banAne ke kAraNa hI yaha AkAzAnantyAyatana rUpI prathama ArUpya dhyAna kahalAtA hai|210 vijJAnAnantyAyatana (dvitIya ArUpya-dhyAna) AkAzAnantyAyatana prathama ArUpya dhyAna karane ke pazcAt sAdhaka yaha vicAratA hai ki prathama ArUpya-dhyAna kA caturtha rUpa-dhyAna se sAmIpya hai, ata: prathama ArUpya dhyAna kI paMca vazitAoM ke dvArA nirantara bhAvanA na karane para sAdhaka kA caturtha rUpa-dhyAna meM patana ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra prathama ArUpya dhyAna meM doSa dekhakara sAdhaka dvitIya ArUpya dhyAna ko prApta karane ko udyata hotA hai aura vaha AkAza kA atikramaNa kara prathama ArUpya vijJAna ko Alambana banAkara dhyAna karatA hai|211 AkAza kI ananta maryAdA hI vijJAna kI maryAdA hai, kyoMki vijJAna ko Alambana banAne se pUrva prathama ArUpya dhyAna meM AkAza Alambana hotA hai jo ananta vizeSaNayukta hai| ata: dvitIya arUpa dhyAna

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana vijJAnAnantyAyatana bhI ananta hogA / sAdhaka jaba AkAzAnantyAyatana se vijJAnAnantyAyatana kI ora agrasara hone kI bhAvanA karatA hai to vaha sAdhaka kI parikarma bhAvanA hotI hai| isa prakAra punaH-punaH bhAvanA karatA huA jaba sAdhaka AkAza kA atikramaNa karatA hai to vaha usakI upacAra bhAvanA hotI hai aura vijJAnAnantyAyatana kI prApti arpaNA bhAvanA hotI hai| 216 AkiMcanyAyatana (tRtIya ArUpya dhyAna) dvitIya ArUpya dhyAna karane ke pazcAt sAdhaka ko dvitIya ArUpya dhyAna bhI doSayukta pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki dvitIya ArUpya dhyAna prathama ArUpya dhyAna se sAmIpya rakhatA hai, ataH dvitIya ArUpya dhyAna ke naSTa hone para sAdhaka punaH prathama ArUpya dhyAna AkAzAnantyAyatana meM pahu~ca sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se sAdhaka ko tRtIya ArUpya dhyAna apekSAkRta adhika zAnta aura sukhamaya pratIta hotA hai / phalataH isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka vijJAna ko doSamaya jAnakara usakA samatikrama karane ke lie vijJAna ke abhAva ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAtA hai| yaha kucha bhI nahIM haiM, yaha kucha bhI nahIM haiM, saba kucha zAnta hai, isa bhAvanA ko karatA huA sAdhaka isa tRtIya arUpadhyAna kI prApti karatA hai / jisa prakAra koI vyakti rAste meM vidyamAna sabhAmaNDapa meM bhikSuoM ko dekhatA hai aura lauTate samaya taka sabhA visarjita ho jAne ke kAraNa saMbhAmaNDapa meM kisI bhikSu ko na dekhakara usake mana sabhAmaNDapa zUnya hai, khAlI hai, itanA hI bhAva AtA hai| 212 aise hI tRtIya ArUpya dhyAna ko prApta sAdhaka 'nahIM hai', 'nahIM hai' kA vicAra dhyAna meM lAtA hai / naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana (caturtha ArUpya dhyAna ) jaba sAdhaka tRtIya ArUpya dhyAna meM pUrNarUpeNa abhyasta ho jAtA hai to use aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tRtIya dhyAna bhI dvitIya ArUpya dhyAna kA nikaTavartI hai, ataH tRtIya ArUpya dhyAna meM gira jAne kI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai| jabaki caturtha ArUpya dhyAna isase adhika zAnta evaM saumya hai| aisA socakara sAdhaka caturtha dhyAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isa dhyAna meM abhAva kI saMjJA kA bhI abhAva hotA hai / ata: abhAva kI saMjJA kA bhI abhAva jisameM hai, aisA atizAnta, sUkSma yaha cauthA Ayatana hai| isa dhyAna meM saMjJA atisUkSma rUpa meM rahatI hai, isalie ise sarvathA saMjJA vimukta (asaMjJA ) bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai aura sthUla meM na hone se use saMjJA bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM / 213 isalie hI isa dhyAna ko naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana kahA jAtA hai| eka dRSTAnta dvArA ise bar3e hI sarala tarIke se samajhAyA gayA hai| guru aura ziSya vihAra kara rahe the| rAste meM pAnI ko dekhakara ziSya

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dhyAna 217 ne guru se kahA-mArga meM pAnI hai, ata: jUte utAra liijie| taba guru ne ziSya se kahAruka jAo, snAna kara luuN| ziSya ne kahA- gurujI! snAna karane yogya pAnI paryApta nahIM hai| ata: jisa prakAra upAnaha (jUtA) ko bhigone ke lie pAnI paryApta hai, kintu snAna ke lie paryApta nahIM hai| isI prakAra isa cauthe ArUpya dhyAna meM saMjJA kA atisUkSma aMza vidyamAna hai, kintu saMjJA kA kArya ho itanA sthUla bhI vaha nahIM hai| isIlie isako "naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana' kahA gayA hai| visuddhimaggo 214 meM eka dUsarA udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai- kisI zrAmaNera ne pAtra ko tela se malakara rakhA thaa| kisI sthavira ne yavAgu pIne ke lie zrAmaNera se pAtra maaNgaa| zrAmaNera ne kahA- pAtra meM tela hai| taba sthavira ne tela lAne ko khaa| zrAmaNera ne kahA ki lAne yogya tela nahIM hai| ata: tela se lipta pAtra kI jo sthiti hai, vahI sthiti naivasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana kI hotI hai| jaise tela se pAtra ke lipta hone se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki pAtra meM tela hai, kintu mA~gane para yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki tela nahIM hai| isI prakAra caturtha dhyAna meM sAdhaka na saMjJAvihIna hI hotA aura na use saMjJAyukta hI kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra bauddha paramparA meM cAra rUpAvacara tathA cAra arUpAvacara dhyAna haiN| parantu aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki donoM prakAra ke dhyAnoM meM koI asamAnatA yA samAnatA nahIM hai, balki hai| hama dekhate haiM ki jisa prakAra rUpAvacara dhyAnoM meM aMgo kA prahANa hotA hai usI prakAra arUpAvacara dhyAnoM meM nahIM hotA hai| vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha aura ekAgratA Adi rUpAvacara ke pA~ca aMga mAne gaye haiN| jinameM dvitIya rUpAvacara dhyAna meM prIti, sukha tathA ekAgratA- ye tIna aMga zeSa rahate haiM, bAkI do kA prahANa ho jAtA hai| tRtIya dhyAna meM prIti bhI samApta ho jAtI hai aura sukha tathA ekAgratA zeSa rahatI haiN| caturtha dhyAna meM mAtra ekAgratA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai| isa taraha dhyAna-aMgoM meM kramika kamI ke kAraNa dhyAna apekSAkRta adhika zAnta, praNIta evaM sUkSma hotA jAtA hai| parantu arUpAvacara dhyAnoM meM aMga-prahANa jaisI koI bAta nahIM hotI, balki usameM citta kI / ekAgratA samAna rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai|215 cAroM ArUpya dhyAna samAna aMgavAle hote haiM phira bhI pratyeka bAda kA dhyAna pichale dhyAna kI dRSTi se apekSAkRta adhika zAnta evaM sUkSma hotA hai, kyoMki Alambana ke badalane se dhyAna kramaza: sUkSma evaM saumya hotA jAtA hai| ina cAra ArUpya dhyAnoM meM upekSA tathA citta kI ekAgratA samAna rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai| rUpa kA atikramaNa kara AkAzAnantyAtana nAmaka prathama arUpa dhyAna caturtha rUpa dhyAna kI apekSA adhika sUkSma evaM zAnta hotA hai| isI prakAra dvitIya, tRtIya ArUpya dhyAna kramaza: eka-dUsare se sUkSma evaM zAnta hotA hai| isa prakAra cAroM ArUpya dhyAna krama se zAntatara, praNItatara aura sUkSmatara hote haiN| isake bAda koI sUkSma avasthA nahIM hotI jise

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218 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAdhaka bhAvanA se prApta kara ske| kahA bhI gayA hai- jisa prakAra koI bhI vyakti asaMyamarahita kaThora rAjA ke doSoM ko jAnatA huA bhI apanI vRtti ke lie usI ke sahAre rahatA hai| ThIka usI prakAra sAdhaka anya Alambana ke abhAva meM doSa dekhane para bhI catartha ArUpya dhyAna ke sahAre hI rahatA hai|216 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki rUpAvacara evaM arUpAvacara dhyAna meM samAnatA aura asamAnatA donoM hI haiN| vartamAna meM jaina evaM bauddha dhyAna-paddhati aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi prekSAdhyAna- vi0 saM0 2017 meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa (vartamAna AcArya) ke mana meM prazna upasthita huA ki kyA jaina sAdhakoM kI bhI koI dhyAna-paddhati hai? isI prazna ke samAdhAna hetu terApaMtha ke navama AcArya tulasI ne unheM prerita kara AgamoM se ise khoja nikAlane ke lie mArga darzana diyaa| 2018 meM AcArya tulasI ne 'mano'nuzAsanam ' pustaka ko likhA, jisameM jaina sAdhanA-paddhati ke kucha rahasya sAmane aaye| isI krama meM kramaza: 'cetanA kA urdhvArohaNa', 'mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA rahasya', 'tuma ananta zakti ke srota ho' Adi pustakeM jaina yoga-sAdhanA ke sambandha meM prakAza meM aayiiN|217 kaI zatAbdiyoM se dhyAna kI jo paramparA vicchinna ho gayI thI, usake lie ye prayAsa pUrNa nahIM the| vi0saM0 2029 meM lADanUM meM eka mahIne kA va cUrU, rAjagar3ha, hisAra aura dillI meM dasa-dasa dina ke sAdhanA zivira lagAye gye| jisake kAraNa aneka sAdhu-sAdhvI tathA gRhastha loga bhI dhyAna-sAdhanA meM ruci lene lge| vi0saM0 2031 meM 'adhyAtma sAdhanA kendra' dillI meM satyanArAyaNa jI goyanakA ne 'vipazyanA dhyAna zivira kA Ayojana kiyaa| usa zivira meM aneka sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sAtha yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ne bhI bhAga liyA aura AnApAnasatI va vipazyanA ke prayoga kiye| ina prayogoM se unheM jaina dhyAna-sAdhanA paddhati kI samasyA kA samAdhAna mila gyaa| mahAprajJajI ne goyanakAjI se isa viSaya para vistAra se carcA kii| carcA karane ke bAda unhoMne jainoM kA AcArAGga, bauddhoM kA vizaddhimagga aura pataJjali kA yogadarzana- ina tInoM ko lekara dhyAna-sUtroM kI abhyAsa paddhati kI khoja prArabha kara dii|218 isa prakAra lambe samaya taka anveSaNa karate-karate yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ko saphalatA prApta huii| vi0saM0 2032 meM jaina paramparAgata dhyAna kA abhyAsa-krama nizcita karane kA saMkalpa huA aura dhyAna kI isa abhyAsa vidhi kA nAma 'prekSAdhyAna' rakhA gyaa| prekSAdhyAna paddhati ko janasamUha ke sAmane lAne kA pUrA zreya AcArya tulasI va yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ko jAtA hai|

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dhyAna 219 vipazyanA- yaha bhArata kI eka atyanta purAtana dhyAna-vidhi hai| 2500 varSa pUrva bhagavAn gautama buddha ne ise khoja nikAlA aura 45 varSoM taka svayaM isakA abhyAsa kiyA aura logoM se bhI krvaayaa| bhagavAn buddha ne ise apane ziSya mahAkazyapa ke mana meM saMpreSita kara diyA aura mahAkazyapa ne Ananda ke mana meM / isa prakAra guru-ziSya paramparA ke krama se yaha dhyAna-vidhi nirantara calatI rhii| dhyAna-sampradAya meM mahAkazyapa aura Ananda tathA kramaza: bodhidharma taka aTThAIsa dharmAcAryoM ke nAma milate haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM219- 1. mahAkazyapa 2. Ananda 3. zANavAsa 4. upagupta 5. dhRtaka 6. micchaka 7. vasumitra 8. buddhanandI 9. buddhamitra 10. bhikSu pArzva 11. puNyayazas 12. azvaghoSa 13. bhikSukapimAla 14. nAgArjuna 15, kANadeva 16. Arya rAhulaka 17. saMghanandI 18. saMghayazas 19. kumArila 20. jayaMta 21. vasubandhu 22. manura 23. haklenayazas (haklena) 24. bhikSu siMha 25. vAzasita 26. prajJAtara 27. puNyamitra 28. bodhidhrm| isa prakAra bodhidharma aTThAIsaveM dharmanAyaka haiM / Apa cIna meM 'dhyAna-sampradAya' ke prathama dharmanAyaka hue haiN|220 samaya ke sAtha-sAtha yaha dhyAna-vidhi bhArata ke par3osI dezoMbarmA, zrIlaMkA, thAIlaiNDa Adi meM phaila gaI / buddha ke parinirvANa ke lagabhaga 500 varSa bAda vipazyanA bhArata se lupta ho gii| dUsarI jagaha bhI isakI zuddhatA naSTa ho gii| kevala barmA meM isa vidhi ke prati samarpita AcAryoM kI eka kar3I ke kAraNa yaha apane zuddha rUpa meM kAyama raha paaii| isI paramparA ke prakhyAta AcArya siyAjI UbA khina vipazyanA dhyAna kA pracAra karate the, ve svayaM sAdhanA kA jIvana jIte the aura logoM ko sikhAte the| brahmadeza (barmA) ke hI zrI satyanArAyaNa goyanakA kA vipazyanA ke prati bar3hate unake AkarSaNa ko dekhakara hI siyAjI UbA khina ne unheM logoM ko vipazyanA sikhalAne ke lie 1969 meM AcArya pada sauNpaa|221 goyanakA jI ne bhArata meM hI nahIM, apitu 80 se bhI adhika dezoM meM logoM ko phira se vipazyanA sikhAyI aura apane AcArya siyAjI UbA khina kA svapna sAkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra vipazyanA dhyAna-paddhati ko punaH vikasita karane kA zreya zrI satyanArAyaNa goyanakA jI ko hI jAtA hai| artha evaM paribhASA 'prekSA' zabda 'IkS' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai-dekhnaa| pra+IkSA= yAnI gaharAI meM utarakara dekhnaa|222 vipazyanA 'pazy ' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai- dekhnaa| vipazyanA vipshynaa| isakA artha bhI prekSA ke samAna hI gaharAI meM utarakara dekhanA hai|223 ..

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana prekSA aura vipazyanA donoM hI dhyAna-paddhatiyoM ke prayoga vartamAna meM cala rahe haiN| prekSA va vipazyanA- donoM zabdoM kA artha bhI eka hI hai, parantu inakI paddhati aura darzana meM antara hai | prekSAdhyAna kA uddezya hai- AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra, Atma-darzana tathA vipazyanA kA uddezya hai- duHkha ko miTAnA, kyoMki bauddha darzana meM AtmavAda kI spaSTa avadhAraNA nahIM hai / 220 dArzanika AdhAra - prekSAdhyAna aura vipazyanA donoM meM hI kramazaH zvAsa- prekSA, zarIra- prekSA aura AnApAnasati va kAya-vipazyanA ke prayoga calate haiN| lekina prekSAdhyAna meM inake alAvA bhI kaI prayoga calate haiN| jinakA varNana Age kiyA jA rahA hai| kucha prayoga samAna hone para bhI unameM mUlabhUta antara darzana kA hai, kyoMki eka AtmavAdI hai to dUsarA anAtmavAdI hai, eka anekAntavAdI hai to dUsarA kSaNabhaMgavAdI / prekSAdhyAna- nityAnitya kA jJAna hone para hI prekSA hotI hai / utpAda aura vyaya ko dhrauvya se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo sat hai vaha trayAtmaka hai / 224 nitya aura anitya kA jJAna hI prekSAdhyAna kA AdhAra hai| jaina darzana meM duHkha ke sAtha sukha ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne janma, maraNa, bur3hApA aura roga ina cAroM du:khoM ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sAtha sukha ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| paudgalika sukha bhI sukha hai| sAdhanAkAla meM bhI sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| jaina darzana AtmavAdI hai| AtmA ko svIkAra karatA hai| prekSA kA to mUla AdhAra hai AtmA kA jJAna 225, kyoMki binA AtmA kA jJAna prApta kiye prekSA nahIM ho sakatI / vipazyanA - bauddha darzana ke anusAra jaba anitya, duHkha aura anAtma kI cetanA prakaTa hotI hai taba vipazyanA kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / vipazyanA ke lie ina tInoM kA honA Avazyaka hai-- anitya kA jJAna, duHkha kA jJAna aura anAtma kA jnyaan| ina tInoM kA jJAna hone se hI vipazyanA hotI hai| anitya kA jJAna- bauddha darzana kA siddhAnta hai - kSaNikavAda / prati kSaNa utpAda aura vyaya ho rahA hai| kSaNabhaMguratA kA jJAna hI anityatA kA jJAna hai| duHkha kA jJAna- janma, bur3hApA, roga aura maraNa ye cAroM hI duHkha haiN| isa duHkha kA jJAna hI vipazyanA kA AdhAra hai| anAtma kA jJAna bauddha darzana anAtmavAdI hai| AtmA ke sandarbha meM bauddha darzana mauna hai| ataH anAtma kA jJAna ho jAne para vipazyanA prakaTa hotI hai| jaina darzana meM sarvathA anityavAda, duHkhavAda aura anAtmavAda mAnya nahIM hai| ina tIna AdhAroM se hI prekSA aura vipazyanA ke dArzanika AdhAra kI bhinnatA spaSTa hotI hai|

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dhyAna . 221 AdhyAtmika AdhAra prekSA- prekSAdhyAna paddhati kAyotsarga para AdhArita hai| prekSAdhyAna kA prArambha kAyotsarga yAnI zarIra ke tyAga se hotA hai aura isakA samApana bhI kAyotsarga yAnI kAyA ke nirodha, kAyA ke utsarga se hotA hai| zarIra aura AtmA eka nahIM hai, alaga-alaga hai| isa. bheda-vijJAna kA spaSTIkaraNa prekSAdhyAna ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai / jaina darzana kA dArzanika pakSa aura sAdhanA pakSa donoM AtmA ke AdhAra para calatA hai| pUrA AcArazAstra hI AtmA para AdhArita hai| vipazyanA- vipazyanA paddhati mana ko zAMta karane ke lie hai, rAga-dveSa kama karane ke lie hai, svayaM ko jAnane aura dekhane ke lie hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM- vipazyanA rAga-dveSa aura moha se vikRta hue citta ko nirmala banAne kI sAdhanA hai, dainika jIvana ke tanAva khiMcAva se vikRta hue citta ko granthi vimukta karane kA sakriya abhyAsa hai|226 jaina darzana meM jahA~ AtmA kI bAta kahI jAtI hai, vahIM buddha kahate haiM duHkha ko miTAo, duHkha ke hetu ko miTAo, AtmA ke jhagar3e meM mata pdd'o| mahAvIra kahate haiMkevala agra ko mata pakar3oM mUla taka jaao|227 buddha kA darzana hai-agra para dhyAna kendrita karanA, vahIM mahAvIra kA darzana hai-kevala agra nahIM, mUla para dhyAna kendrita krnaa| prekSAdhyAna ke sAtha Atma-sAkSAtkAra kA darzana jur3A hai vahIM vipazyanA ke sAtha du:kha ko miTAne kA darzana jur3A hai| prekSAdhyAna aura vipazyanA meM kucha prayoga samAna haiM, phira bhI unakI prayoga vidhi meM antara hai| nIce kucha vidhiyoM kA kisa-kisa dhyAna-paddhati meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai isakA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai zvAsa-prekSA- isakA prayoga vipazyanA aura prekSA donoM meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| vipazyanA sahaja zvAsa ko dekhane para bala detI hai|228 prekSA meM dIrghazvAsa para bala diyA jAtA hai|29 vipazyanA meM prayatna nahIM kiyA jAtA hai jabaki prekSA meM prayatnapUrvaka lambA zvAsa lene kA nirdeza bhI diyA jAtA hai| jahA~ eka ora sahaja zvAsa kA prayoga hai to dUsarI ora prayatnakRta dIrghazvAsa kA prayoga / vipazyanA meM kahA jAtA hai-jo anAyAsa, sahaja zvAsa cala rahA hai usakI vipazyanA karo, use dekho, kisI prakAra kA AyAsa mata kro|230 prekSA meM kahA jAtA hai -gaharA, lambA aura layabaddha zvAsa leM, gaharA, lambA aura layabaddha zvAsa choDeM, Ate-jAte zvAsa kI prekSA kreN|231 prekSA meM AyAsa kA virodha nahIM hai, apitu vahA~ para prayatna dvArA zvAsa lene kA sujhAva diyA jAtA hai|

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222 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana zvAsa-saMyama : samavRtti zvAsa-prekSA vipazyanA meM kumbhaka kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai kintu prekSA meM isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| layabaddha zvAsa bhI prekSAdhyAna meM kiyA jAtA hai| jisameM zvAsa kI pratyeka AvRtti samAna hotI hai| isakI vidhi hai-pA~ca sekeNDa zvAsa lenA, pA~ca sekeNDa zvAsa bhItara rokanA, pA~ca sekeNDa zvAsa bAhara nikAlanA, pA~ca sekeNDa zvAsa bAhara roknaa|232 isa prakAra puna: isa kriyA ko doharAnA caahie| prekSA meM samavRtti zvAsaprekSA kA prayoga bhI kiyA jAtA hai| vipazyanA meM aisA koI prayoga nahIM karAyA jAtA hai| isa prayoga kI vidhi haidAeM nathune se zvAsa lekara bAeM nathune se nikAleM aura bAyeM se zvAsa lekara dAeM nathune se zvAsa bAhara nikaaleN| citta aura zvAsa donoM sAtha-sAtha cale, nirantara zvAsa kA anubhava kreN|233 isake atirikta candrabhedI-zvAsa, sUryabhedI-zvAsa, ujjAI-zvAsa Adi aneka prayoga prekSA ko vipazyanA se alaga karate haiM, kyoMki vipazyanA meM aisA koI prayoga nahIM karAyA jAtA hai| Asana- vipazyanA meM Asana kA niSedha hai, kyoMki bauddha sAdhanA-paddhati meM Asana-sammata nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AsanoM ko bahuta mahattva diyA hai| sthAnAMga meM AsanoM ke aneka prakAra batalAe gae haiN|234 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM aneka AsanoM ke prayoga kiye the| yahA~ taka ki unheM kevalajJAna bhI eka viziSTa Asana gauduhikA meM upalabdha huA thaa|235 dhyAna ke sAtha Asana kA honA atyanta jarUrI hai, kyoMki dhyAna se pAcana-taMtra gar3abar3A jAtA hai aura agni maMda ho jAtI hai| Asana se svAsthya bhI sudRr3ha hotA hai aura dhyAna se honevAlI zarIra kI hAniyoM se bacA jA sakatA hai|236 prANAyAma- vipazyanA meM prANAyAma ko mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| prekSA meM yaha prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| prANa para niyaMtraNa karane ke lie prANAyAma Avazyaka hai| prANa para niyaMtraNa kiye binA caMcalatA para niyaMtraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| haThayoga meM to prANAyAma ko alaga se mahattva diyA gayA hai| jisameM prANAyAma ke aneka prakAroM ko batAyA gayA hai|237 mauna- vipazyanA meM mauna kA prayoga bar3I kar3AI se karAyA jAtA hai| pUre zivira kAla taka mauna kA prayoga hotA hai|238 prekSA meM mauna para itanA bala nahIM diyA gayA hai| usameM mAtra sujhAva diyA jAtA hai ki anAvazyaka bAtacIta na kareM, AvazyakatA hone para hI boleN| mauna tabhI pUrNa hotA hai jaba mana, vANI aura zarIra tInoM se usakA pUrNa pAlana kiyA jaay|

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dhyAna 223 zarIra - prekSA- vipazyanA aura prekSA donoM meM hI yaha prayoga karAyA jAtA hai| jisameM zarIra kI sUkSma se sUkSma kriyA ko rAga-dveSa rahita hokara dekhane kA sujhAva diyA jAtA hai| pUre zarIra ko Upara se nIce aura nIce se Upara kahIM bhI ruke binA dekhate rahane kA vidhAna hai| yaha prayoga donoM hI paddhatiyoM meM samAna hai / 239 caitanyakendra - prekSA- vipazyanA meM aisA koI prayoga nahIM hai / isa prayoga meM eka kendra para ruka kara dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| dhyAna kA prArambha caitanya kendroM se hI prArambha hotA hai| kisI eka kendra para dhyAna karanA dhAraNA hai| jaba AdhA-eka ghaMTA taka usI kendra para citta kendrita banA rahe to vaha dhyAna ho jAtA hai| dhyAna kA prArambhika aMga hI dhAraNA hai| eka bindu para dhAraNA hote-hote jaba citta usa para ekAgra ho jAtA hai to vaha dhyAna ho jAtA hai| isakA eka sUtra bhI hai - dhAraNA ko bAraha se guNA karane para vaha dhyAna ho jAyegA aura dhyAna ko bAraha se guNA karane para vaha samAdhi ho jAtI hai / 24 svAdhyAya aura japa- vipazyanA meM maMtra kA japa aura svAdhyAya karanA niSiddha hai / prekSA meM ina donoM ko samAna mahattva diyA gayA hai, kyoMki sabhI vyaktiyoM kI ruci evaM kSamatA samAna nahIM hotI hai / isalie dhyAna karane se pUrva unheM prArambha meM japa kA prayoga karavAyA jAtA hai, jisase ve dhyAna meM praviSTa ho skeN| Asana, prANAyAma, japa Adi se hI sAdhanA kA prArambha karanA caahie| anuprekSA - vipazyanA meM anuprekSA jaisA koI prayoga nahIM hai| anuprekSA ke sabhI prayoga cintana para AdhArita haiN| anuprekSA kA prayoga AdatoM meM parivartana lAne kI eka prakriyA hai,jise pazcimI vaijJAnika sajezana aura oNTosajezana kahate haiN| anuprekSA kA prayoga prekSA kA mahattvapUrNa prayoga hai / 241 prekSAdhyAna paddhati meM ina sabhI prayogoM ke atirikta lezyAdhyAna, animeSa prekSA, ekAgratA aura saMkalpazakti ke bhI vizeSa prayoga karAye jAte haiM, jo kisI anya paddhati meM pracalita nahIM hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kucha prayogoM meM donoM meM samAnatA najara AtI hai| lekina isake atirikta anya prayogoM kA vipazyanA meM abhAva-sA najara AtA hai| jabaki prekSA meM ina prayogoM ke aneka prakAroM kA abhyAsa karAyA jAtA hai / prekSA ke sabhI prayoga svataMtra haiM aura unakA vikAsa bhI svataMtra rUpa se huA hai| ina donoM hI paddhitayoM ko hama apUrNa nahIM kaha sakate haiN| apane-Apa meM donoM hI pUrNa paddhatiyA~ haiM, antara hai to kevala prayogoM kaa|

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224 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana tulanA dhyAna sambandhI avadhAraNA ke adhyayana ke pazcAt jaina evaM bauddha paramparAoM meM jo samAnatAe~ evaM vibhinnatAe~ dekhane ko milI haiM, unheM nimna rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. donoM hI paramparAoM meM citta ke ekAgrIkaraNa ko dhyAna kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| 2. jaina evaM bauddha donoM ne hI dhyAna ko mokSaprApti kA eka sAdhana mAnA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki dhyAna jaina evaM bauddha yoga-sAdhanA kA mUla AdhAra hai to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| 3. jahA~ taka dhyAna ke bheda-bhedAGgoM kI bAta hai to donoM hI paramparAoM meM AcAryoM meM matabheda rahA hai| jaina paramparA ke kisI grantha meM dhyAna ke do prakAra milate haiM to kisI meM caubIsa, aise hI bauddha paramparA ke kisI grantha meM dhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM to kisI meM paaNc| ina vibhinnatAoM kA kAraNa AcAryoM kA apanA dRSTikoNa ho sakatA hai, lekina sahI arthoM meM dekhA jAe to donoM hI paramparAoM meM dhyAna ke mukhayata: do hI bheda haiM- jaina paramparA ke anusAra prazasta aura aprazasta to bauddha paramparA ke anusAra rUpAvacara tathA aruupaavcr| 4. jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM dhyAna kI vyAkhyA sUkSma se sUkSmatara kI gayI hai, lekina jaina paramparA meM jo dhyAna ke bhedAGga batAye gaye haiM unameM kucha eka bauddha paramparA meM dekhane ko nahIM milte| yathA-jaina paramparA meM dhyAna ke prakAroM meM ArtadhyAna evaM raudradhyAna kI carcA kI gayI hai, isI prakAra dhyeya kI apekSA se dhyAna ke piNDastha Adi cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiN| bauddha-paramparA meM ina saba dhyAnoM kA abhAva-sA pratIta hotA hai| / parantu jaina paramparA ke dharmadhyAna evaM zakladhyAna ke bheda-prabhedoM tathA bauddha paramparA ke rUpAvacara ke bheda-prabhedoM meM samAnatA dekhane ko milatI hai| jisa prakAra dharma dhyAna Atma-vikAsa kI prathama avasthA hai, usI prakAra bauddha-paramparA meM bhI rUpAvacara dhyAna kI prathamAvasthA hai| jahA~ taka bauddha paramparA ke arUpAvacara dhyAna kA prazna hai to usakI tulanA jaina paramparA ke rUpAtIta dhyAna se kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki donoM paddhatiyoM meM hI rUpa se atIta hokara nirAkAra kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai|

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dhyAna 225 sandarbha 3. sa dharmo yatra nAdharmastatsukhaM yatra naasukhm| tajjJAnaM yatra nAjJAnaM sA gatiryatra naagtiH|| AtmAnuzAsana, 46 AtmA''yattaM niraabaadhmtiindriymnshvrm| __ ghAtikarmakSayodbhUtaM yat tanmokSasukhaM viduH|| tattvAnuzAsana, 242 aMtomuttakAlaM cittesseggagayA havai jhaannN| Avazyakaniyukti, 463 4. ekAgracintAnirodho dhyaanm| tattvArthasUtra, 9/27 jJAnamevAparispandanAgnizikhAvadavabhAsamAnaM dhyaanmiti| sarvArthasiddhi, pR0-445 uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam / tattvArthasUtra, 9/27 chavvihe saMghayaNe paNNatte, taM jahA-vairosabhaNArAyasaMdhayaNe, usabhaNArAya-saMghayaNe, nArAyasaMghayaNe addhaNArAya-saMghayaNe, khIliyA-saMghayaNe, chevttttsNghynne| sthAnAMgasUtra, 6/30 8. jaM thiramajjhavasANaM taM jhANaM jaM calaM tayaM citN| dhyAnazataka, 2 ekAgracintAnirogho ya: parispandena vrjitH| tad dhyaanm| tattvAnuzAsana, 56 10. ekAgrayeNa nirodho yazcittayaskaitra vstuni| AdipurANa, 21/8 11. tadA'sya yogino yogshcintaikaagrnirodhnm| prasaMkhyAnaM samAdhi: syAddhyAnaM svessttphlprdm| tattvAnuzAsana, 61 12. taddhayAna nirjarAhetuH saMvarasya ca kaarnnm| vahI, 56 13. aamuhuurtaat| tattvArthasUtra, 9/28 aMtomuhuttamettaM cittaavtthaannmegvtthummi| dhyAnazataka, 3 aMtomuhattaparao ciMtA jhANaMtaraM va hojjaahi| suciraMpi hojja bahuvatthusaMkame jhaannsNtaanno| vahI, 4 muhUrtAtparatazcintA yadvA dhyAnAntaraM bhvet| vahvarthasaMkrame tu syAddIrghA'pi dhyaan-snttiH|| yogazAstra, 4/116 tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, siddhasenagaNi, 9-20 15. Avazyakaniyukti, 1467-1468 16. so'yaM samarasIbhAvastadekIkaraNaM smRtm| etadeva samAdhiH syaallok-dvy-phl-prdH|| tattvAnuzAsana, 137 17. jJAnArNava, 28/36-38 18. saMskRti ke do pravAha, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR0-222 19. vahI, pR0-222 20. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA, 1478 21. dhyAnaM vidhitsatA jJeyaM dhyAtA dhyeyaM tathA phlm| yogazAstra, 7/1;mahApurANa,21/84 22. dhyAtA dhyAnaM tathA dhyeyaM phalaM ceti ctussttym| jJAnArNava, 4/5 23. mumukSurjanmanirviNNaH zAntacitto vazI sthirH| 14.

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226 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana jitAkSa: suvRto dhIro dhyAtA zAstre prshsyte|| vahI, 4/6 24. dhyeyamprazastAprazasta pariNAma kaarkN| cAritrasAra, 167/2 25. svAtmanaM svAtmani svena dhyAyetsvasmai svato ytH| SaTkArakamayastasmAd dhyAnamAtmaiva nishcyaat|| tattvAnuzAsana, 74 saMga-tyAga: kaSAyAnAM nigraho vrt-dhaarnnm| mano'kSANAM jayazceti sAmagrI dhyaan-jnmni|| vahI, 75 27. nirundhyAccittardadhyAnaM nirundhyAdayataM vcH| nirandhyAt kAyacApalyaM, tttvtlliinmaansH|| yogasAra, 163 28. dhyAnasya ca punarmukhyo heturetcctussttym| gurUpadeza: zraddhAnaM sadA'bhyAsa: sthiraM mnH| tattvAnuzAsana, 218 29. kiMcivi diTThimupAvattaittu jhANe nniruddhditttthiio|| appANaMhi sadi saMghittA sNsaarmokkhttuN|| bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1701 30. Arttaraudravikalpena durvyAnaM dehinAM dvidhaa| dvidhA prazastamatyuktaM dhrmshuklviklptH|| jJAnArNava, 23/18 31. cattAri jhANA paNNatA, taM jahA-aTTejhANe, roddejhANe, dhammejhANe, sukkejhaanne| sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/6 samavAyAMgasUtra, 4 bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7 aTTa rudaM dhamma suklaM jhANAi tattha aNtaaii| nivvANasAhaNAI bhvkaarnnmttttruddaaii|| dhyAnazataka, 5 aartraudrdhrmshuklaani| tattvArthasUtra, 9/28 mUlAcAra, 5/197 32. pare moksshetuu| tattvArthasUtra, 9/30 33. saMjamaNiyamataveNa du dhammajjhANeNa sukkjhaannenn| jo jhAyai appANaM paramasamAhI have tss|| niyamasAra, 123 jo du dhammaM ca sukkaM ca jhANaM jhAedi nniccso| tassa samAigaM ThAi kevlisaasnne|| vahI, 133 34. jhANaM duvihaM-dhammajjhANaM sukkjjhaannmidi| dhavalA, 13,pR0-170 35. yogazAstra, 4/115 36. Arta raudraM ca dharmyaM ca zuklaM ceti cturvidhm| dhyAnamuktaM paraM tatra tapo'GgamubhayaM bhvet|| tattvArthasAra, 6/35 37. Rte bhavamathArtaM syAdasaddhyAnaM shriirinnaam| dingmohonmtttaatulymvidyaavaasnaavshaat|| jJAnArNava, 23/21 38. saMskRti ke do pravAha, pR0-222 39. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/61 bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7 jJAnArNava, 23/20 tattvArthasUtra, 9/31-33 40. tattvArthasUtra, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pR0-225

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dhyAna . 227 41. amaNuNNANaM saddAivisayavatthUNa dosmilss| dhaNiyaM viogaciMtaNamasaMpaogANusaraNaM c|| dhyAnazataka, 6 42. jJAnArNava, 23/22 amanojJamapriyaM viSakaNTakazatruzastrAdi, tadvAdhAkAraNatvAd amanojJam ityucyte| sarvArthasiddhi, 9/30/10 43. tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI), pR0- 225 manojJavastuvidhvaMse punsttsNgmaarthibhiH| klizyate yattadetatsyAdvitIyArtasya lkssnnm|| jJAnArNava, 23/29 44. tattvArthasUtra, pR0-225 45. taha sUla-sIsarogAiveyaNAe vijogapaNihANaM / tadasaMpaogacintA tappaDiyArAulamaNassa / / dhyAnazataka, 7 kAsazvAsabhagandarodarayakRtkuSThAtisArajvaraiH / pittazleSmamarutprakopajanita rogaiH zarIrAntakaiH // syAcchazvatprabalaiH pratikSaNabhavairyadyAkulatvaM nRNAM, tadrogArtamaninditai: prakaTitaM durvaardu:khaakrm|| jJAnArNava, 23/30 46. tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI),9/34, pR0-222 / 47. parijusita kAma-bhoga-saMpaoga-saMpautte, tassa avippaoga-sati-samaNNAgate yAvi bhvti| sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/61 tathA bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7 48. iSTabhogAdisiddhiyarthaM ripughAtArthameva vaa| yanidAnaM munaSyANAM syAdAta ttturiiykN|| jJAnArNava, 23/34 49. jJAnArNava, 25/43 50. eyaM cauvvihaM rAgadosamohaMkiyassa jiivsy| aTTajjhANaM saMsAravaddhaNaM tiriygimuulN|| dhyAnazataka, 10 rAgo doso moho ya jeNa saMsAraheyavo bhnniyaa| aTTami ya te tiNNivi, to taM sNsaar-truviiyN|| vahI, 13 51. kAvoyanIlakAlA lessAo nnaaisNkilihaao| aTTajjhANovagayassa kmmprinnaamjnniaao|| vahI, 14 52. aTTassa NaM jhANassa cattAri lakkhaNA paNNattA, taM jahA-kadaMNatA, soyaNatA, tippaNatA, pridevnntaa| sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/62 53. tassa'kkaMdaNasoyaNaparidevaNatADaNAI liNgaaii| itttthaannitttthviyogaaviyog'viynnaanimittaaii|| dhyAnazataka, 15 54. rudraH krUrAzaya: prANI raudrakarmAsya kiirtitm|| rudrasya khalubhAvo vA raudrmitybhidhiiyte|| jJAnArNava, 24/2 55. prANinAM ronAd rudaH krUraH satveSu nighRnnH|| pusAMstatra bhaMvaraudraM viddhi dhyAnaM cturvidhm|| mahApurANa, 21/42

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228 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 62. tathA dekhie-mUlAcAra,396, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1703, 1528 56. hiMsA'nRtasteyaviSayasaMrakSaNebhyo raudrmvirtdeshvirtyoH| tattvArthasUtra, 9/36 57. rodde jhANe cauvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-hiMsANubaMdhi, mosANubaMdhi, teNANubaMdhi, saarkkhnnaannubNdhi| sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/63 / / 58. sttvh-veh-bNdhnn-ddhnnN'knnmaarnnaaipnnihaannN| aikohaggahaghatthaM nigghinnmnnso'hmvivaag|| dhyAnazataka, 19 anArataM niSkaruNasvabhAva: svAbhAvataH krodhkssaaydiiptH| madoddhata: pApamati: kuzIla: syAnnAstiko ya: sahi raudrdhaamaa|| jJAnArNava, 24/5 astyklpnaajaalkshmliikRtmaansH| ceSTate yajjanastaddhi mRSAraudraM prkiirtitm|| jJAnArNava, 24/14 61. pisunnaasnbhaasnbhuuy-bhuuyghaayaaivynnpnnihaann| mAyAviNo'isaMdhaNaparassa pcchnnpaavss| dhyAnazataka, 20 bhagavatIsUtra, 25/7 taha tivvakohalohAulassa bhuuovghaaynnmnnjj| paradavvaharaNacittaM prloyaavaaynirvekkh|| dhyAnazataka, 21 63. sddaaivisysaahnndhnnsaarkkhnnpraaynnmnnittuN| savvAbhisaMkaNaparovaghAyakalusAulaM cittN|| vahI, 22 64. bahvArambhaparigraheSu niyataM rakSArthamabhyudyate, yatsaMkalpaparamparAM vitanute prANIha raudraashyH| yaccAlambya mahattvamunnatamanA rAjetyahaM manyate, tatturyaM pravadanti nirmaladhiyo raudraM bhvaashNsinaam|| jJAnArNava, 24/27 eyaM cauvvihaM rAgadosamohAulassa jiivss| rauddajjhANaM saMsAravaddhaNaM nrygimuul|| dhyAnazataka, 24 66. liMgAI tassa ussnnnnbhulnaannaavihaa''mrnndosaa| tesiM ciya hiMsAisu baahirkrnnovuttss|| vahI, 26 67. visphuliGganibhe netre bhrUvakrA bhiissnnaakRtiH| kampasvedAdiliGgAni raudre bAhyAni dehinaam|| jJAnArNava, 24/36 68. iSTe sthAne dhatte iti dhrmH| sarvArthasiddhi, 9/2 69. mithyAtvarAgAdidisaMsaraNarUpeNa bhAvasaMsAre prANinamudRdhRtya nirvikAra zuddha caitanye dharatIti dhrmH| pravacanasAra (tAtparya vyAkhyA vRtti), 7/9 70. sadRSTi-jJAna-vRttAni dharmaM dharmezvarA viduH| tasmAdyadanapetaM hi dharmyaM tddhyaanmbhydhuH|| tattvAnuzAsana, 51 71. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/247 72. suttatthadhamma maggaNavaya guttI samidi bhAvaNAINaM / jaM kIrai citavaNaM dhammajjhANaM ca iha bhaNiyaM / / jJAnasAra, 16 65.

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73. AjJApAya vipAkAnAM saMsthAnasya cintanAt / ityaM vA dhyeya bhedena, dharmya dhyAnaM caturvighama || yogazAstra, 74. AjJA'pAyau vipAkaM ca saMsthAnaM bhuvanasya c| dhyAna " yathAgamamavikSipta-cetasA cintayenmuniH / tattvAnuzAsana, 98 75. AjJA'pAyavipAkasaMsthAnavicayAya dharmamapramattasaMyatasya / tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 37 76. tattvArthasUtra ( paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ), pR0-226 77. sarvajJAjJAM puraskRtya samyagarthAn vicintyet| 79. suniuNamaNAinihaNaM bhUyahiyaM bhUyabhAvaNamahagghaM / amiyamajiyaM mahatthaM mahANubhAvaM mahAvisayaM / / jhAijjA niravajjaM jiNANamANaM jagappaIvANaM / yatra taddhyAnamAmnAtamAjJAkhyaM yogipuGgavaiH / jJAnArNava, 30 / 22 78. AjJAM yatra puraskRtya sarvajJAnAmabAdhitam / tttvtshcintyedrthaastdaajnyaa-dhyaanmucyte|| sarvajJavacanaM sUkSma hanyate yatra heturbhiH / tadAjJArUpamAdeyaM na mRSA-bhASiNo jinAH / / yogazAstra, 10/8- 9 aniuNajaNadunneyaM nayabhaMgapamANagamagahaNaM / / dhyAnazataka, 45-46 80. rAgadveSakaSAyAdyairjAyamAnAn vicintyet| yatrA pAyAMstadupAya-vicaya- dhyAnamiSyate / / yogazAstra, 10 / 10 85. 81. kallANapAvagANaupAye viciNAdi jiNamadamuvecca / viciNAdi vA avAe jIvANa subhe ya asubhe y|| bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1707 82. rAgadveSakaSAyAdyairjAyamAnAn vicintayet / yatrApAyAMstadapAyavica ya dhyAnamiSyate / / yogazAstra, 10/1 10/7 83. rAgaddosakasAyA''savAdikiriyAsu vaTTamANANaM / ihaparaloyAvAo jhAijjA vajjaparivajjI || dhyAnazataka, 50 84. saMsArahetavaH prAyastriyogAnAM pravRttayaH / apAyo varjanaM tAsAM sa me syArakathamityalaM // cintAprabandhasaMbandha: zubhalezyAnuraMjitaH / apAyavicayAkhyaM tatprathamaM dharmyabhamIpsitaM / / harivaMzapurANa, 56 / 39-40 sa vipAka iti jJeyo yaH svakarmaphalodayaH / pratikSaNasamudbhUtazcitrarUpaH shriirinnaam|| jJAnArNava, 32 / 1, tathA dekheM- AdipurANa 21/143-146 86. eyANeyabhavagadaM jIvANaM puNNapAvakammaphalaM / udaodIraNasaMkamabaMdhe mokkhaM ca vicinnaadi| bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1708 87. dravyAdi pratyayaM karmaphalAnubhavanaM prati / bhavati prANidhAna pad vipAka vicayastu saH / tatvArthasAra, 42 229

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230 88. supratiSThitamAkAzamAkAze valayatrayaM / saMsthAnadhyAnamityAdi saMsthAnavicayaM sthitam / / harivaMzapurANa, 56/48 anAdyanantasya lokasya sthityutpattivyayAtmanaH / AkRtiM cintayedyatra saMsthAna - vicayaH sa tu|| yogazAstra, 10 / 14 90. jiNadesiyAI lakkhaNasaMThANA'' saNavihANamANAiM / uppAyaTThiibhaMgAipajjavA je ya davvANaM / / dhyAnazataka, 52 91. harivaMzapurANa, 56 / 38-50 92. upAyavicayaM tAsAM puNyAnAmAtmasArtikrayA / 89. jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana upAyaH sa kathaM me syAditi saMkalpasantatiH / / bahI, 56/41 93. anAdinidhanA jIvA dravyArthAdanyathAnyathA / asaMkhyeyapradezAste svopayogatvalakSaNAH / / vahI, 56 / 42 acetanopakaraNAH svakRtocitta bhoginaH / ityAdi cetanA dhyAnaM yajjIva vicayaM hitat // | vahI, 94. dravyANApyajIvAnAM dharmAdharmAdisaMjJinAm / svabhAva cintanaM dharmyamajIvavicayaM matam / vahI, 56/44 95. zarIramazucirbhogA kiMpAkaphalapAkinaH / virAgabuddhirityAdi virAgavicayaM smRtN| vahI, 56/46 ananta duHkhasaMkIrNe bhavenAdau suravAtige / sacittAcittamizrArdinAnAyoniSukarmamiH // bhramanti prANino zrAntakarmapAzavRtA iti / 96. bhavabhramaNa duHkhAnu cintanaMdhyAnasaptamam / / mUlAcAra pradIpa, 6 / 2058-59 tathA dekhiye- harivaMzapurANa, 56/47 97. sarvajJoktAH padArthAghAH sthApayante yatra bhUtele / 99. yathAtathyenacittevA taddhetuvicayAmigham / / mUlAcAra pradIpa, 6 / 2065 98. dhammaNassaNaM jhaNassa cattAri lakkhaNA paNNattA, taM jahA, ANAruI, NisaggaruI, suttaruI, ogaaddh'ruii| sthAnAMgasUtra, 4 / 1/66 tathA dekhie Agama uvaesANANisaggao jaM jiNappaNIyAMNa / bhAvANaM saddahaNaM dhammajjhaNassa taM liMgaM / / dhyAnazataka, 67 dhammaNassa NaM jhANassa cattAri AlaMbaNA paNNattA, taM jahA- vAyaNA, paDipucchaNA, pariyaTTaNA, annuppehaa| sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/67 100. AlaMbaNaM ca vAyaNa pucchaNa parivaTTaNANupehAo / 56/42-43 dhammassa teNa aviruddhAo savvANupehAo / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1705 101. aalNbnnaaivaaynnpucchnnpriyttttnnaannuciNtaao| sAmAiyAiyAI saddhammAvassayAiM ca / / dhyAnazataka, 42 102. dhammassaNaM jhaNasya cattAri aNuppehAo paNNattAo, taM jahA egANuppehA, aNiccANuppehA,

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dhyAna . 231 asaraNANuppehA, sNsaaraannuppehaa| sthAnAMgasUtra, 1/12 103. niSkriya karaNAtItaM dhyaandhaarnnvrjitm| antarmukhaM ca yaccittaM tacchuklamiti ptthyte|| jJAnArNava, 39/4.1 104. yathA maladravyApAyAt zuciguNayogAcchuklaM vastraM tathA tadguNasAdhAdAtmapariNAmasvarUpamapi zuklamiti nirucyte|| rAjavArtika, 9/28/4/627 105. samavAyAMga, 4/20 106. iccevamadikkato dhammajjhANaM jadA havai khvo| sukkajjhANaM jhAyadi tatto suvisuddhlessaao|| bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1871 107. pRthktvaiktvvitrksuukssmkriyaaprtipaativyuprtkriyaavRttiini|| tattvArthasUtra, 9/41 jjhANaM pudhattasavitakkasavIcAraM have pddhmskkN| savitakkekkattAvIcAraM jjhANaM vidiysukkN|| suhamakiriyaM tu tadiyaM sukkajjhANaM jiNehiM pnnnnttN| veMti cautthaM sukkaM jiNA samucchiNNakiriyaM tu|| bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1872-73 108. zuklaM paramazuklaM ca pratyekaM te dvidhA mte| sviicaarviviicaarpRthktvaikyvitrkke|| sUkSmocchinna kriyA pUrvapratipAti nivrtke|| harivaMzapurANa, 56/53-54 109. chadmasthayoginAmAghe dve zukle prikiirtite| dve tvantye kSINadoSANAM kevljnyaanckssussaam| zrutajJAnArthasambandhAcchra taalmbnpuurvke| pUrve pare jinendrasya ni:shessaalmbncyute|| jJAnArNava, 42/7-8 110. ekatra paryAyANAM vividhanayAnusaraNaM zrutAd drvye| artha-vyaMjana-yogAntareSu saMkramaNa-yuktamAdyaM tt|| yogazAstra, 11/6 111. uppAyaTThiibhaMgAipajjayANaM jmegvtthumi| nANAnayANusaraNaM puvvagayasuyANu saarennN|| saviyAramatthavaMjaNajogaMtarao tayaM pddhmsukkN| hoi puhuttavitakkaM sviyaarmraagbhaavss|| dhyAnazataka, 77-78 112. pRthagbhAva: pRthaktvaM hi naanaatvmbhidhiiyte| vitakoM dvAdazAgaM tu shrutjnyaanmnaavilN|| arthavyaMjanayogAnAM vIcAra: saMkramaH krmaat| dhyeyo'rthoM vyaMjanaM zabdo yogo vAgAdilakSaNaH / / pRthaktvena vitarkasya vicAro'rthAdiSu kramAta / / yasminnAsti tathoktaM tatprathamaM zuklamiSyate / / harivaMzapurANa, 56/57-59 113. jaM puNa sunippakaMpaM nivAyasaraNappaIvamiva cittN| uppAyaTThiibhaMgAiyANamegaMmi pajjAe /

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana aviyAramatthavaMjaNajogaMtarao tayaM vitiyasukkaM / puvvagayasuyAlaMbaNamegattavitakkamaviyAraM / / dhyAnazataka, 79-80 114. apRthaktvamavIcAraM savitarka ca yoginaH / 232 ekatvamekayogasya jAyate'tyantanirmalam || jJAnArNava, 42 / 26 115. samprApya kevalajJAnadarzane durlabhe tato yogii| jAnAti pazyati tathA lokAlokaM yathAvastham / / yogazAstra, 11 / 23 116. nijazuddhAtmadravye vA nirvikArAtmasukhasaMvittiparyAye vA nirupAdhisvasaMvedanaguNe vA yatrakasmin pravRttaM tatraiva vitarkasaMjJena svasaMvittilakSaNabhAvazrutabalena sthirIbhUya vIcAraM guNadravyaparyAyaparAvarttanaM karoti / .... tenaiva kevalajJAnotpattiiti / bRhad dravyasaMgraha (TIkA), 48 117. tIrthaMkara nAmasaMjJaM na yasya karmAsti so'pi yogabalAt / ---- utpanna-kevalaH san satyAyuSi bodhayatyurvIm / vahI, 11 / 48 118. evamekatvavitarkazukladhyAnavaizvAnaranirdagdhavAtikarmendhanaH ... sa yadA'ntamuhUrtazeSAyuSka- tadA sarvavAGmanasayogaM bAdarakAyayogaM ca parihApya sUkSmakAyayogAlambanaH suukssmkriyaaprtipaatidhyaanmaasknditumrhtiiti| ---- samIkRtasthitizeSakarmacatuSTayaH pUrvazarIrapramANo bhUtvA sUkSmakAyayogena sUkSmakriyA pratipAti dhyAnaM dhyaayti| sarvArthasiddhi, 9/44/5 119. saMskRti ke do pravAha, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR0 - 225 120. jJAnArNava, 39/38 121. yogazAstra, 11/49-55 122. nivvANagamaNakAle kevaliNo daraniruddhajogassa / suhumakiriyA niyaTTiM taiyaM taNukAyakiriyassa / / dhyAnazataka, 81 123. svapradezaparispandayogaprANAdi karmaNAm / samucchinnatayokta tatsamucchinnakriyAkhyayA / / sarvabandhAtravANAM hi nirodhastatra yatnataH / ayogasya yathAkhyAta cAritraM mokSasAdhanam / harivaMzapurANa, 56 / 78-79 124. laghuvarNa-JcakodgiraNatulyakAlamavApya zailezIm / yogazAstra, 11/57 125. dvAsaptatirvilIyante karmaprakRtayastadA asmin sUkSmakriye dhyAne deva devasya durjayAH || vilayaM vItarAgasya tatra yAnti trayodaza / karma prakRtayaH sadyaH paryante yA vyavasthitAH / jJAnArNava, 39/47, 49 126. avahA'saMmohavivegaviusaggA tassa hoti liMgAI / ligijjai jehiM muNI sukkjjhaannovgycitto|| dhyAnazataka, 90 127. cAlijjai bIbhei ya dhIro na parIsahovasaggehiM / sumesu na saMmujjhai bhAvesu na devamAyAsu / / vahI, 91 128. vahI 129. dehavivittaM pecchai appANaM taha ya satvasaMjoge /

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dhyAna dehovahivosaggaM nissaMgo savvahA kunni|| vahI, 92 130. vahI, 92 131. sukkassaNaM jhaNassa cattAri AlaMkNA paNNattA, saM jahAM saMtI, muttI, maddave, ajjve| sthAnAMgasUtra, 121 (pR0-676) tathA dekheM tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI),9/6 132. sukkajjhANasubhAviyacitto ciMtei jhaannvirme'vi| NiyayamaNuppehAo cattAri crittsNptro|| dhyAnazataka, 87 133. AsavadArApAe taha saMsArasuhANubhAvaM c|| bhavasaMtANamaNantaM vatthUNaM vipariNAmaM cN| vahI, 88 134. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/1/9 135. piNDasthaM ca padasthaM rUpasthaM ruupvrjitm| caturghA dhyeyamAmnAtaM dhyAnasyAlambanaM budhaiH|| yogazAstra, 7/8 jo piMDatthu payatthu buha rUpasthu vi jinnutt| rUvAtItu muNehi lahu jimi parU hohi pvittu|| yogasAra, 98 padasthaM mantravAkyasthaM piNDasthaM svaatmcintnm| rUpasthaM sarvacidrUpaM rUpAtIta nirnyjnm|| dravyasaMgraha (TIkA), 48 piNDasthaM ca padasthaM ca rUpasthaM ruupvrjitm| caturdhA dhyAnamAmnAtaM bhvyraajiivbhaaskraiH| jJAnArNava, 34/1 136. jJAnasAra, 18-28 137. pArthivI syAdathA'neyI mArutI vAruNI tthaa| tattvabhUH paJcamI ceti piNDasthe paJca dhaarnnaaH|| yogazAstra, 7/9 tathA jJAnArNava, 34/3 138. jJAnArNava, 34/4-9 139. vahI, 34/10-19 140. vahI, 34/20-23 141. vahI, 34/27 142. saptadhAtuvinirmuktaM puurnncndrmltvissm| sarvajJakalpamAtmAnaM tataH smarati shuddhdhiiH|| vahI, 34/28 143. padAnyAlambya puNyAni yogibhirydvighiiyte| tatpadasthaM mataM dhyAnaM vicitrnypaargaiH|| vahI, 35/1 144. jaM jhAijjai uccAriUNa prmetttthimNtpymmlN| eyakkharAdi vivihaM payatthajhANaM munneyvv|| vasunandi zrAvakAcAra,464 tathA dekheM yogazAstra, 8/1 145. dhyAyedanAdisiddhAntaprasiddhAM vrnnmaatRkaam| ni:zeSa zabda-vinyAsa-janmabhUmiM jgnntaam|| jJAnArNava, 35/2

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234 146. dviguNASTadalAmbhoje nAbhimaNDalavartini / bhramantI cintayaddhayAnI pratipatra svarAvalIm / / vahI, 35 / 3 147. caturviMzatipatrADhyaM hRdiM kaJjaM skrnnikm| tatra varNAnimAndhyAyetsaMyamI paJcaviMzatim / / vahI, 35/4 148. akArAdi-hakArAntA maMtrAH paramazaktayaH / svamaNDala - gatAH dhyeyA lokadvaya phalapradAH / tattvAnuzAsana, 107 149. atha mantrapadAdhIzaM sarvatattvaikanAyakam / AdimadhyAntabhedena svrvyNjnsmbhvm|| UrdhvAdhorephasaMruddhaM sakalaM bindulAJchitam / anAhatayutaM tattvaM maMtrarAjaM pracakSate / / jJAnArNava, 35 / 7-8 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 150. vahI, 35/25 yogazAstra, 8/25 yogazAstra, 8 / 18 - 22 yogazAstra, 8/25-26 151. jJAnArNava, 35 / 10, 16-19 152. jJAnArNava, 35/24 153. jJAnArNava, 35/25,27 yogazAstra, 8/25-26 154. kramAtpracyAvya lakSyebhyastato'lakSye sthiraM manaH / sphuratyantarjyotiratyakSamakSayama // to'sya 155. arahattA-asarIrA - Ayariya-uvajjhAya-muNiNo / paMcakkharanippaNNo oMkAro paMca paramiTTho || hRtpaMkaje catuSpatre jyotiSamanti pradakSiNama / jJAnArNava, 38 / 28; yogazAstra, 8 / 27-28 a-sa-A-u sA'kSarANidhyeyAni parameSThinAm / / tattvAnuzAsana, 102 156. tathA hRtpadmadhyasthaM zabdabrahmaikakAraNam / svara - vyaMjana - saMvItaM vAcakaM parameSThinaH // mUrdha-saMsthita- zItAMzu - kalAmRtarasa- plutm| kumbhakena mahAmantraM praNavaM paricintayet // | yogazAstra, 8/29-30 157. pItaM stambhe'ruNaM vazye kSobhaNe vidrumaprabham / kRSNaM vidveSaNe dhyAyet karmaghAte zaziprabham / / vahI, 158. aSTapatre sitAmbhoje karNikAyAM kRtasthitim / Adya saptAkSaraM mantraM pavitraM cintayettataH // siddhAdika-catuSkaM ca dikpatreSu yathAkramam / 159. sphuradvimalacandrAbhe dalASTakavibhUSite / cUlApAda-catuSkaM ca vidikpatreSu cintayet // vahI, 8/33-34 8/31 kaJje tatkarNikAsInaM mantraM saptAkSaraM smaret // digdaleSu tato'nyeSu vidikpatreSvanukramAt / siddhAdikaMcatuSkaM ca dRSTibodhAdikaM tathA / / jJAnArNava, 35 / 41-42

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dhyAna 160. paNatIsasolachappaNa caudugamegaM ca javaha jjhaaeh| parameTThivAcayANaM aNNaM caM guruvaeseNa || bRhadadravyasaMgraha, 49 161. jJAnArNava, 35/50-54 162. smara paJcapadodbhUtAM mahAvidyAM jagannutAm / gurupnycknaamotthaaNssoddshaakssrraajitaam| vahI, 38/49 163. paJcavarNamayI paJcatattvA vidyoddhRtA shrutaat| abhyasyamAnA satataM bhavaklezaM nirasyati / / maMgalottama zaraNa- padanyavyagra mAnasaH / catuH samAzrayANyeva smaran mokSaM prapadyate / / yogazAstra, 8 / 41-42 164. vItarAgasya vijJeyA dhyAnasiddhirbhuvaM muneH / kleza evaM tadarthaM syAdrAgArtasyeha dehinaH / / jJAnArNava, 38 / 114 165. arhato rUpAmAlambya dhyAnaM rUpasthamucyate / yogazAstra, 9/7 166. navakevalalabdhizrIsaMbhavaM svAtamsaMbhavam / turyadhyAna mahAvahnau hutkrmendhnotkrm| ratnatrayasudhAsyandamandIkRtabhavabhramam / vItasaMgaM jitadvaitaM zivaM zAntaM ca zAzvatam // arhantamajamavyaktaM kAmadaM kAmaghAtakam / purANapuruSaM devaM devadevaM jinezvaram // jJAnArNava, 39/24-26 167. yogazAstra, 9/8-10 168. vItarAgo vimucyate vItarAgaM vicintayan / zagiNaM tu samAlamvya rAgIsyAt kSomaNAdikRta || yogazAstra, 9 / 13 169. yena yena hi bhAvena yujyate yantravAhakaH / tena tanamayatAM yati vizvarUpo maNiryathA / / vahI, 9/14 170. cidAnandamayaM zuddhamamUrttaM jJAnavigraham / smaredyatrAtmanAtmAnaM tadrUpAtItamiSyate / / jJAnArNava, 37 / 16 171. tadguNagrAmasaMpUrNaM ttsvbhaavaikbhaavitm| kRtvAtmAnaM tato dhyAnI yojayetparamAtmani / vahI, 37/19 172. yogazAstra, 10/3-4 173. yogazAstra, 7/2-7 174. sunna-kala-joi - biMdU, nAdo tArA lao lavo bhattA / paya-siddhI paramajuyA jhaNAI huMti cauvIsaM / / dhyAna vicAra, 1 175. dhyAna- sampradAya, pR0-81 176. rUpadhyAnoM meM dhyAna kA viSaya eka hI rahatA hai, kintu sthUla se sUkSma kI ora jAne meM prApta cAra AvasthAoM ke kAraNa use cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| majjhimanikAya, khaNDa-3, pR0 88-89 235

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236 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 177. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0-97-98 178. viSayoM ke anurAga ko kAmacchanda kahA jAtA hai| vyApAda kA abhiprAya hiMsA hai| styAna citta kI akarmaNyatA aura middha Alasya ko kahA jAtA hai| auddhRtya kA abhiprAya citta kI avyavasthitatA tathA kaukRtya kA citta meM kheda-pazcAtApa Adi kA honA haiN| vicikitsA yAnI sNshy| 179. seyyathApi mahArAja, yathA AnaNyaM yathA ArogyaM yathA bandhanAmokkhaM yathA bhujissaM yathA khemantabhUmi, evameva kho, mahArAja, bhikkhu ime paJca nIvaraNe pahIne attani smnupssti| dIghanikAya, khaNDa-1, pR0-64-65 180. pakaticittehI ti pAkatikehi kAmAvacaracittehi / balava .......pa...... cittekaggatAni bhAvanAbalena pttutrsbhaavppttiyaa| visuddhimagga, khaNDa-1, pR0-294-295 181. yogazAstra-eka parizIlana, upA0 amaramuni, pR0-30-31 182. bauddha darzana-mImAMsA, AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0- 307-308 183. tato tasmi yevArammaNe cattAri paMca vA javanAni javanti----visuddhimagga, khaNDa-1, pR0-294 184. so vivicceva kAmehi, vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaM savicAra vivekajaM pItisukhaM paDhamaM jhAnaM upasampajja vihrti| dIghanikAya, khaNDa-1, pR0 65 185. tattha kAmacchando, byApAdo, thinamiddhaM uddhaccakukkuccaM vicikicchA ti imesaM paJcanaM nIvaraNAnaM pahAnavasena---jJAnaM uppjjti| tenassetAni pahAnaGgAnI ti vuccnti| . visuddhimagga, khaNDa-1, pR0- 310-311 186. vahI, pR0-308 187. evamadhigate pana etasmi tena yoginA ---aakaaraaprigghetbbaa| evaM hi so naTTe vA tasmi te AkAre sampAdetvA puna upyAdetaM.... skkhissti| vahI, pR0-320-321 188. paMca vsiyaa| AvajjanavasI, samApajjanavasI, adhiTThAnavasI, buTThAnavamI pccvekkhnnvsii| paTisammidAmaga, pR0-112 189. paThamaM jJAnaM yatthicchakaM yadicchakaM yAvaticchakaM Ajjati, AjjanAya dandhayitattaM natthIti aavjjnvsii| vahI, pR0-112-113 190. vahI, pR0-113 191. vahI, pR0-113 192. vahI, pR0-113 193. vahI, pR0-113 194. bhikkhu vitakkavicArAnaM khUpasamA ajjhattaM sampasAdanaM cetaso ekodibhAvaM avitakkaM avicAraM samAdhijaM pItisukhaM dutiyaM jhAnaM upasampajja viharati-- seyyathApi, mahArAja, udakarahado gmbhiiro---anupveccheyy| atha kho tamhA va udakarahadA sItA vAridhArA ubbhijjitvA tameva udakarahadaM sItena vArinA abhisandeyya ...... aphphuTa ass| dIghanikAya, khaNDa-1, pR0-65-66 195. imasmi pana jhAne vitakkavicArapalibodhAbhAvena laddhokAsA balavatI saddhA, balavasaddhAsahAyapaTilAbheneva ca samAdhi pi paaktto| visuddhimaggo, khaNDa-1,

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dhyAna pR0 - 334 196. prItyAdayaH prasAdazca dvitIye'Gga catuSTayam / tRtIye paJzca tUpekSAsmRtijJAnaM sukhaM sthiti / abhidharmakoza, 8/ 7, 8/8; uddhRta - bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0-71 197. vahI, pR0-71 198. ayaM samApatti AsannavitakkavicArapaccatthikA, 'yadeva tattha pItigataM cetaso uppilAvitaM etenetaM olAriMka akkhAyatI' ti --tadeva nimittaM "pathavI pathavI" ti punapunaM manasikaroto--- tatiyaM jhAnaM upasampajja viharatI / visuddhimaggo, khaNDa- 1, pR0 337-338 pR0 - 72 199. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, 200. dIghanikAya, prathama khaNDa, pR0 - 66 201. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0 - 62 237 202. dIghanikAya, bhAga- 1, pR0 - 66 203. bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahAnA dukkhassa ca pahAnA, pubbeva somanassadoMmanassAnaM atthaGgamA adukkhamasukhaM upekkhAsatipArisuddhiM catutthaM jhAnaM upasampajja viharati / dIghanikAya, khaNDa- 1, pR0-67 204. bauddha dharma - darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0-74 205. vahI, pR0-74-75 206. dissanti kho pana rUpAdhikaraNaM daNDAdAna satthA - dAna - kalaha - viggaha-vivAda- tuvaMtuvaMpesuJa - musaavaadaa| natthi kho panetaM sabbaso arUpe ti| so iti paTisaMkhAya rUpAnaM yeva nibbidAya virAgAya nirodhAya paTipanno hoti / majjhimanikAya, khaNDa- 2, pR0- 88 tathA, tassa kiJcApi rUpAvacaracatutthAjjhAnavasena karajarUpaM atikkantaM hoti, atha kho kasiNarUpampi yasmA tappaTibhAgameva, tasmA tampi samatikkamitukAmo hoti / visuddhimaggo, khaNDa - 2, pR0 - 698 207. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0 - 97 208. Asannasomanassa paccatthikaM ti ca santavimAkkhato olArikaM ti ca AdInavaM passati / visuddhimaggo, khaNDa- 2, pR0-699-700 209. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0 97-98 210. ettha nAssa uppAdanto vA vayanto vA paJJAyatI ti ananto / visuddhimaggo, khaNDa-2, pR0 - 708 211. AsannarUpAvacarajjhAnapaccatthikA ayaM samApatti, no ca viJJANaJcAyatanamiva santA' ti --AdInavaM disvA---taM AkAsaM pharitvA pavattaviNaM.... punappanuM AvajjitabbaM / vahI, pR0 - 709 212. yathA nAma puriso maNDalamAlAdIsu--- sannipatitaM bhikkhusaMghaM disvA..... AgantvA dvAre ThatvA puna taM ThAnaM Alokento suJJameva passati - nAssa evaM hoti ektakA nAma bhikkhU kAlaGkatA vA disApakkantA vA / vahI, pR0-713-714

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 238 213. bauddha dharma-darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR0-98 214. visuddhimaggo, khaNDa-2, pR0-720-723 215. sabbAsu pi hi etAsu upekkhA cittekaggatA ti dve eva jhAnaGgAni honti| visuddhimaggo, khaNDa-2, pR0-727 216. ArammaNaM karoteva aAbhAvena taM idaM / diTThadosampi rAjAnaM vuttihetu jano ythaa|| vahI, pR0- 730 217. prekSAdhyAna : eka paricaya, muni kizanalAla, pR0-2 218. dharmacakra kA pravartana, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa 219. dhyAna sampradAya, DaoN0 bharata siMha upAdhyAya, pR0-13 220. vahI, pR0-15 221. vipazyanA sAdhanA: eka paricaya, pR0-2 222. saMskRta-hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pR0-695 223. prAkRta-hindI koza-saM0 DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra, pR0-747 224. bheda meM chipA abheda, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR0-106 225. prekSAdhyAna: AdhAra aura svarUpa, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR0 -2 226. vipazyanA zivira kI anuzAsana saMhitA, 227. bheda meM chipA abheda , yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR0-107 228. Atmadarzana, satyanArAyaNa goyanakA , pR0-93 229. prekSAdhyAna: zvAsa prekSA, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa 230. vipazyanA sAdhanA, viTThaladAsa modI, pR0-6 231. prekSAdhyAna: prayoga paddhati, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR0- 6 232. prekSAdhyAna,zvAsa prekSA, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa 233. prekSAdhyAnaH prayoga- paddhati, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa 234. paMca NisijjAoM paNNattAo, taM jahA-ukkuDuyA, godohiyA, samapAyaputA, paliyaMkA, atttthpliyNkaa| sthAnAMgasUtra, yuvAcArya madhukara muni, pR0-465, 5/1/50 235. jaina darzana: manana aura mImAMsA, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR0-28 236. bheda meM chipA abheda, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR0- 110 237. pAtaJjalayoga pradIpa, zrI svAmI omAnandatIrtha, pR0-440 238. vipazyanA sAdhanA, viThThaladAsa modI, pR0-5 239. vahI, pR0-7 tathA prekSAdhyAna: prayoga-paddhati, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR0-1 240. bheda meM chipA abheda, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR0-111 241. amUrta cintana, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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saptama adhyAya AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ sAdhanA-paddhati meM adhyAtmika vikAsa yA naitika vikAsa kA apanA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| cAhe vaha vaidika sAdhanA-paddhati ho, athavA jaina yA bauddha sAdhanApaddhati, sabhI meM lakSya kI prApti ke lie AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko vyAvahArika rUpa meM cAritrika vikAsa kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki cAritra kI vividha dazAoM ke AdhAra para hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyoM yA avasthAoM kA sahaja rUpa meM anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| ata: yoga-siddhi ke lie AdhyAtmika vikAsa atyanta Avazyaka hai| jaina paramparA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa jaina dharma-darzana meM AdhyAtmika pUrNatA arthAt mokSa kI prApti hI sAdhaka kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA matalaba hI hotA hai AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI praapti| yadi hama pAribhASika rUpa meM kahanA cAheM to kaha sakate haiM ki AtmA kA svasvarUpa meM sthita ho jAnA hI AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI prApti hai| yahI sAdhaka kA parama lakSya bhI hai| sAdhaka ko sva-svarUpa meM sthita hone ke lie sAdhanA kI vibhinna zreNiyoM se gujaranA par3atA hai| yadyapi AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa zuddha jJAnamaya va pUrNa sukhamaya hotA hai| jaina paramparA kI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA meM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantAnanda va anantavIrya ye cAra anantacatuSTaya pAe jAte haiM, parantu yaha avidyA, karma aura mAyA ke cakkara meM par3akara vikRta ho nAnA prapaMcoM athavA vibhinna acche-bure karmoM kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AtmA kI parizuddhi ke lie AcAra-sambandhI vrata, niyamoM kA pAlana Avazyaka ho jAtA hai, tAki samasta karmamala kA nAza ho sake aura naye karmoM kA bandhana ruka ske| AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA haibahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA bahirAtmA- yaha cetanA kI viSayAbhimukhI pravRtti hai| usa AtmA ko bahirAtmA kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA jAtA hai, jo sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM meM ruci rakhatA hai| yAnI,

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240 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana dUsaroM ke padArthoM meM apanatva kA AropaNa kara unake bhogoM meM lipta rahanA, bahirAtmA kA kArya hai| yaha dehAtmabuddhi aura mithyAtva se yukta hotA hai| AcArAMga meM ise bAla, manda aura mUr3ha ke nAma se varNita kiyA gayA hai tathA kahA gayA hai ki ye AtmAe~ mamatva se yukta hotI haiM tathA bAhya viSayoM meM rasa letI haiN| ___ antarAtmA - yaha cetanA kI AtmAbhimukhI pravRtti hai| vaha AtmA antarAtmA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai jo bAhya viSayoM se vimukha hokara apane andara meM jhA~katI hai arthAt sva-svarUpa meM nimagna rahatI hai| vaha dehAtmabaddhi se rahita hotI hai, kyoMki vaha bheda-vijJAna ke dvArA AtmA aura zarIra kI bhinnatA ko jAna letI hai| paramAtmA - rAga-dveSa kA vijetA, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI AtmA paramAtmA kahalAtI hai| isakI do zreNiyA~ hotI haiM-prathama arhat, dvitIya siddh| jIvanamukta AtmA arhat kahalAtI hai tathA videhamukta siddh|' AtmA kI uparyukta tInoM avasthAoM ko DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA ne nikRSTatama, utkRSTatama tathA tadanavartI tIna mukhya rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| ajJAna athavA moha kA pragAr3hatama AvaraNa AtmA kI nikRSTatama avasthA hai| vizuddhatama jJAna athavA Atyantika vyapagatamohatA AtmA kI utkRSTatama avasthA hai tathA ina donoM carama avasthAoM ke madhya meM avasthita dazAe~ tRtIya koTi kI avasthAe~ haiN| prathama prakAra kI avasthA meM cAritrazakti kA sampUrNa hrAsa hotA hai tathA dvitIya prakAra kI avasthA meM cAritrazakti kA sampUrNa vikAsa hotA hai| ina donoM hI prakAra kI avasthAoM ke atirikta cAritra-vikAsa kI jitanI bhI avasthAe~ haiM una sabakA samAveza ubhaya caramAntarvI tIsarI koTi meM hotA hai| AtmA ke uparyukta vibhAjana ke AdhAra para hama use mithyAdarzI AtmA (bahirAtmA), samyaka- darzI AtmA (antarAtmA) tathA sarvadarzI AtmA (paramAtmA) bhI kaha sakate haiN| yadi hama sAdhanA kI dRSTi se kaheM to patitAvasthA, sAdhakAvasthA aura siddhAvasthA kaha sakate haiN| ___ Atma-vikAsa athavA cAritra-vikAsa kI samasta avasthAoM ko jaina-karmazAstra meM caudaha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai, jise caudaha guNasthAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ina caudaha guNasthAnoM dvArA jaina darzana meM AtmA kI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika unnati kI yAtrA ko bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo na kevala sAdhaka kI vikAsayAtrA kI vibhinna manobhUmiyoM kA citraNa karatI hai, balki vikAsa yAtrA ke pUrva kI bhUmikA se lekara gantavya Adarza taka kI samucita vyAkhyA bhI prastuta karatI hai| AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko vikRta yA AvRtta karane kA kArya karmoM kA hai| karmAvaraNa kI ghaTA jyoM-jyoM

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 241 bar3hatI jAtI hai, tyoM-tyoM Atmika zakti kA prakAza manda hotA jAtA hai| ThIka isake viparIta jyoM-jyoM karmoM kA AvaraNa haTatA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM AtmA kI zakti prakaTa hotI jAtI hai| Atmazakti para cAra prakAra ke AvaraNa hote haiM- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antraay| ina cAroM meM mohanIya rUpI AvaraNa hI pramukha hai| moha kI tIvratAmandatA para hI anya AvaraNoM kI tIvratA-mandatA nirbhara karatI hai| moha mukhya rUpa se do prakAra ke haiM- darzanamoha tathA caaritrmoh| moha kI vaha zakti jo AtmA ko sva-svarUpa yA Adarza kA yathArtha bodha nahIM hone detI jisake kAraNa kartavyAkartavya kA yathArtha bhAva nahIM ho pAtA hai, darzanamoha kahalAtA hai aura jisake kAraNa AtmA sva-svarUpa meM sthita hone ke lie prayAsa nahIM kara pAtI athavA naitika AcaraNa nahIM kara pAtI hai, cAritramoha kahalAtA hai| ata: AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prakriyA meM AtmA ke do pramukha kArya haiM- 1. sva-svarUpa aura para-svarUpa kA yathArtha bodha karanA tathA 2. svarUpa meM sthita ho jaanaa| tAtparya hai ki darzanamoha ke samApta hone se yathArtha bodha prakaTa hotA hai aura cAritramoha ke samApta hone para yathArtha prayAsa kA udaya hokara AtmA kI sva-svarUpa meM sthiti ho jAtI hai| AtmA ko apane vAstavika svarUpa kI prApti hetu ina do moha rUpI rAkSasoM se jUjhanA par3atA hai| AtmA aura darzanamoha tathA cAritramoha ke saMgharSa meM sabhI AtmAe~ vijaya-lAbha ko prApta kara letI haiM, aisI koI nizcitatA nahIM hai| kabhI vijaya ko prApta karatI haiM, to kabhI patanonmukha bhI ho jAtI haiN| kucha AtmAe~ vijaya-lAbha ko prApta kara sva-svarUpa ko prApta karatI haiM to kucha saMgharSa meM DaTI rahatI haiM aura kucha vimukha ho maidAna se bhAga khar3I hotI haiN| jaisA ki vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sodAharaNa varNana AyA hai- tIna vyakti apane gantavya kI ora agrasara the, tabhI bhayAnaka aTavI meM una logoM kI mulAkAta cora se ho jAtI hai| cora ko dekhate hI una tInoM vyakti meM se eka to unakA sAtha chor3akara bhAga khar3A huA, dUsarA bhAgA to nahIM, parantu cora se saMgharSa karatA rahA, phalata: parAsta hokara cora dvArA pakar3A gyaa| tIsarA jo asAdhAraNa bala evaM kauzala meM nipuNa thA, cora ko parAsta karake apane gantavya kI ora cala pdd'aa| yahA~ hameM tIna prakAra ke vyaktiyoM kA caritra dekhane ko milaa| eka vaha hai jo AdhyAtmika lakSya kI prApti ke lie sAdhanA ke maidAna meM utarate to haiM, lekina sAhasahIna hone ke kAraNa cunautI kA sAmanA na kara sAdhanA rUpI kurukSetra se bhAga khar3e hote haiN| dUsare vyakti ve hote haiM jo sAdhanA rUpI kSetra meM DaTe rahate haiM, zatru se saMgharSa bhI karate haiM, parantu sAdhanA ke raNakauzala ke abhAva meM parAsta ho jAte haiN| isI taraha tIsare vyakti ve haiM, jo sAhasapUrvaka sAdhanA ke raNakauzala ko jAnate hue kuzalatApUrvaka prayAsa karate haiM tathA vijaya zrI grahaNa karate haiN|

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242 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina paramparA meM Atma-vikAsa (AdhyAtmika vikAsa) athavA cAritra-vikAsa kI samasta avasthAoM ko caudaha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai jo caudaha guNasthAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| Atmika guNoM ke vikAsa kI kramika avasthAoM ko guNasthAna kahate haiN| guNasthAna jaina cAritra kI caudaha sIr3hiyA~ haiN| sAdhaka ko inhIM sIr3hiyoM se car3hanA utaranA par3atA hai| AtmA kI vikAsa-prakriyA meM utthAna-patana kA honA svAbhAvika hai| Atmazakti kI vikasita aura avikasita avasthA ko hI jaina paramparA meM guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| isake caudaha prakAra isa prakAra haiM1. mithyAdRiSTa 2. sAsvAdanadRSTi 3. mizradRSTi 4. avirata samyak-dRSTi 5. deza virata-viratAvirata 6. pramattasaMyata 7. apramattasaMyata 8. apUrvakaraNa 9. anivRttikaraNa 10.sUkSmasamparAya 11. upazAntamoha 12. kSINamoha 13. sayoga kevalI 14. ayoga kevalI uparyukta caudaha gaNasthAnoM meM se prathama tIna kA antarbhAva bahirAtmA meM hotA hai, kyoMki ina avasthAoM meM jIva vividha kaSAyoM se raMjita hotA hai| caturtha se bArahaveM guNasthAna kA antarbhAva antarAtmA meM hotA hai| zeSa do guNasthAna kA antarbhAva paramAtmA meM hotA hai, kyoMki isa avasthA taka Ate-Ate jIva paramAtma arthAt AtmA apane caramAvasthA ko prApta kara letI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki prathama guNasthAna meM Atmazakti kA prakAza atyanta manda hotA hai| lekina jaise-jaise Atmazakti Age ke guNasthAnoM kI ora bar3hatI jAtI hai, AtmaprakAza bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai aura antima guNasthAna meM AtmA apane asalI rUpa meM pahu~ca jAtI hai| mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna yaha avasthA AtmA kI ajJAnamaya avasthA hotI hai| isameM moha kI prabalatama sthiti hone ke kAraNa vyakti kI AdhyAtmika sthiti bilkula girI huI hotI hai, kyoMki prANI yathArthabodha ke abhAva meM bAhya padArthoM se sukhoM kI prApti kI kAmanA karatA hai| ayathArtha dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa vaha asatya ko satya aura adharma ko dharma mAnakara calatA

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 243 hai| yadi naitika dRSTi se kahA jAya to isa avasthA meM prANI ko zubha aura azubha yA kartavya aura akartavya kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| phalata: mithyAdRSTi ke kAraNa rAga-dveSa se vazIbhUta ho AtmA AdhyAtmika sukha se vaMcita rahatI hai| vaha digbhramita vyakti kI bhA~ti niruddezya idhara-udhara bhaTakatI rahatI hai| usa para vAsanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ isa prakAra hAvI hotI haiM ki vaha satya darzana evaM naitika AcaraNa se vaMcita rahatI hai| mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna meM AtmA aikAntika dhAraNAoM, viparIta dhAraNAoM, vainayikatA, saMzaya aura ajJAna se yukta rahatI hai| jisake kAraNa usako yathArtha dRSTikoNa usI prakAra arucikara lagatA hai jisa prakAra jvara se pIr3ita vyakti ko bhojn|1 parantu eka savAla svata: uThatA hai ki kyA yathArtha yA satya koI vastu hai jise prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai? nahIM? vaha vastu nahIM hai balki vaha sadaiva apane yathArtha rUpa meM hI rahatI hai| hama aikAntika dRSTikoNa yA pAkSika vyAmoha ke kAraNa use dekha nahIM pAte haiN| ata: jaba vyakti aikAntika dRSTikoNa kA tyAga kara detA hai to yathArtha dRSTikoNavAlA kahalAne lagatA hai| jaisA ki paMDita sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne kahA hai ki prathama guNasthAna meM rahanevAlI aisI aneka AtmAe~ hotI haiM, jo rAga-dveSa ke tIvratama vega ko thor3A-sA dabAye hue hotI haiN| ve yadyapi AdhyAtmika lakSya ke sarvadA anukUlagAmI nahIM hotI, to bhI unakA bodha va cAritra anya avikasita AtmAoM kI apekSA acchA hI hotA hai| yadyapi aisI AtmAoM kI avasthA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sarvathA Atmonmukha na hone ke kAraNa mithyAdRSTi, viparItadRSTi yA asat-dRSTi kahalAtI haiM, tathApi ve sat-dRSTi ke samIpa le jAnevAlI hone ke kAraNa upAdeya mAnI gayI haiN| 12 ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa guNasthAna kA mukhya lakSaNa mithyAdarzana athavA mithyA zraddhAn hai| sAsvAdana guNasthAna yaha guNasthAna AtmA kI patanonmukha avasthA kA citraNa karatA hai| samyaktva kA kSaNika AsvAdana hone se hI isa guNasthAna ko sAsvAdana yA sAsAdana kahA jAtA hai| mithyAdRSTi vyakti ko moha kA prabhAva kama hone para jaba kucha kSaNoM ke lie samyaktva arthAt yathArthatA kI anubhUti hotI hai, parantu mohodaya ke kAraNa samyaktva se girakara puna: AtmA mithyAtva meM praviSTa ho jAtI hai| aisI avasthA meM samyaktva kA ati alpakAlIna AsvAdana hotA hai, jisake kAraNa ise sAsvAdana samyak-dRSTi ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra khAnA khAne ke bAda vamana hone para vamita vastu kA eka vizeSa prakAra kA AsvAdana hotA hai, usI prakAra yathArtha bodha ho jAne para mohAsakti ke kAraNa jaba puna: ayathArthatA kA grahaNa hotA hai to use grahaNa karane ke pUrva thor3e samaya ke lie usa yathArthatA kA eka viziSTa prakAra kA anubhava banA rahatA hai| yahI sAsvAdana guNasthAna

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244 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kahalAtA hai| isa guNasthAna meM koI bhI AtmA prathama guNasthAna se hokara nahIM AtI balki Upara kI zreNiyoM se patita hokara prathama guNasthAna kI ora jAtI hai to isa dvitIya guNasthAna kI avasthA se gujaratI hai| isakA kAla ati alpa hotA hai| mizra guNasthAna yaha guNasthAna AtmA kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM na kevala samyak-dRSTi hotI hai aura na kevala mithyaadRsstti| yaha dahI aura gur3a kI bhA~ti samyaktva aura asamyaktva kA mizrita rUpa hai, isIlie ise mizra guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhrAMti kI eka aisI avasthA hotI hai jisameM satya aura asatya aise rUpa meM prastuta hote haiM ki sAdhaka yaha pahacAna nahIM pAtA hai ki inameM satya kauna hai aura asatya kauna hai? vastuta: jaba sAdhaka satya aura asatya ke madhya kisI eka kA cunAva na kara sakane ke kAraNa anirNaya kI avasthA meM hotA hai, taba hI yaha anizcaya kI sthiti utpanna hotI hai| ata: isa anirNaya kI sthiti meM sAdhaka ko na to samyakdRSTi kahA jA sakatA hai aura na mithyAdRSTi hii| isa guNasthAna meM AtmA prathama guNasthAna se vikasita hokara nahIM AtI hai, balki caturtha guNasthAna se patita hokara prathama guNasthAna ko prApta karane ke lie isa avasthA se gujara kara jAtI hai| parantu yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki AtmAe~ tRtIya guNasthAna meM vikasita hokara A hI nahIM sakatI, balki prApta kara sakatI haiN| jo AtmAe~ catartha guNasthAna meM yathArtha kA bodha karake puna: patita hokara prathama guNasthAna ko prApta karatI haiM, ve hI AtmAe~ apanI utkrAnti kAla meM prathama guNasthAna se sIdhe tRtIya guNasthAna meM AtI haiM, lekina jina AtmAoM ne kabhI samyaktva kA sparza nahIM kiyA hai ve apane vikAsa meM prathama guNasthAna se sIdhe caturtha guNasthAna meM jAtI haiN| isa prakAra mizra guNasthAna jIvana ke saMgharSa kI avasthA kA dyotaka hai jisameM satya aura asatya, zubha aura azubha athavA mAnava meM nihita pAzavikavRttiyA~ aura AdhyAtmika vRttiyoM ke madhya saMgharSa calatA hai| yaha saMgharSa antarmuhUrta (48minaTa) se adhika nahIM calatA, kyoMki isameM sthita AtmA zIghra hI apanI tatkAlIna paristhiti ke anusAra yA to mithyAtva avasthA ko prApta kara letI hai yA samyaktva avasthA ko| isa guNasthAna kI sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai ki isa avasthA meM mRtyu nahIM hotii| isa sandarbha meM AcArya nemIcandra kA kahanA hai ki mRtyu usI sthiti meM saMbhava hotI hai, jisameM bhAvI Ayukarma kA bandha nahIM hotA, ata: mRtyu bhI nahIM ho sktii|13 yahI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI tIsarI bhUmikA mizra guNasthAna hai| avirata samyak-dRSTi guNasthAna AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI isa avasthA meM sAdhaka ko yathArthatA kA bodha ho jAtA

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 245 hai| vaha satya ko satya ke rUpa meM tathA asatya ko asatya ke rUpa meM jAnane lagatA hai| parantu isameM vicAra-zuddhi kI vidyamAnatA hote hue bhI AcAra-zuddhi kA asadbhAva hotA hai| sAdhaka ko yaha jJAna to hotA hai ki azubha azubha hai, lekina azubha ke AcaraNa se vaMcita nahIM raha pAtA hai| vaha hiMsA, jhUTha, abrahmacarya Adi ko anaitika mAnate hue bhI una anaitika kAryoM meM saMlagna rahatA hai, kyoMki usakA jJAnAtmaka pakSa samyak rUpa hotA hai aura AcaraNAtmaka pakSa asamyak ruup| AtmA kI aisI hI avasthA ko jaina paramparA meM avirata samyak-dRSTi kahA gayA hai| kintu itanA to spaSTa hai ki avirata samyak-dRSTi AtmA meM AtmasaMyama yA vAsanAtmaka vRttiyoM para kisI na kisI aMza taka saMyama hotA hai, kyoMki avirata samyak-dRSTi meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi cAra kaSAyoM ke sthAyI aura tIvratama AvegoM kA abhAva hotA hai| kAraNa ki jaba taka ina kaSAyoM ke tIvratama AvegoM kA kSaya yA upazama nahIM ho jAtA hai taba taka AtmA ko samyagdarzana kI prApti nahIM hotii| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki caturtha guNasthAna AtmA kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM moha kI zithilatA ke kAraNa samyak-zraddhA arthAt sad-asad viveka to vidyamAna rahatA hai, kintu samyak-cAritra kA abhAva hotA hai| isa guNasthAna meM sAta karma-prakRtiyoM kA kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama karanA hotA hai-1. anantAnubandhI krodha 2. anantAnubandhI mAna 3. anantAnubandhI mAyA 4. anantAnubandhI lobha 5. mithyAtva moha 6. mizra moha aura 7.samyaktva kSAyikAvasthA hai, jisakA patana nahIM hotA / yadi ina karmaprakRtiyoM kA zamana karake AtmA Age bar3hatI hai to vaha usakI aupazamika samyakAvasthA kahalAtI hai / isa avasthA se AtmA eka antarmuhUrta ke bhItara hI ayathArthatA kI ora agrasara ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra ina karma prakRtiyoM ko jaba AMzika rUpa se kSaya aura damita kiyA jAtA hai to vaha AtmA kI kSAyopazamika samyaktva avasthA kahalAtI hai| isa avasthA meM damita avasthAe~ sAdhaka ko yathArtha dRSTi se nIce girA detI haiN| dezavirati samyak-dRSTi guNasthAna dezavirati kA artha hotA hai-vAsanAmaya jIvana se AMzika rUpa meM nivRtti| arthAt dezavirati samyak-dRSTi guNasthAna kI avasthA meM sAdhaka pUrNarUpa se samyakcAritra kI ArAdhanA to nahIM kara pAtA hai, kintu AMzika rUpa se usakA pAlana avazya karatA hai| jaisAki caturtha guNasthAna meM sAdhaka kartavyAkartavya kA bodha hote hue bhI kartavya-patha para ArUr3ha nahIM ho pAtA hai, jabaki isa pA~caveM dezavirati samyak-dRSTi guNasthAna meM sAdhaka kartavya patha para yathAzakti calane kA prayAsa karatA hai| caturtha guNasthAna meM vyakti meM vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM ke AvegoM ke prakaTana kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, kyoMki

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* jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 246 unakI sthiti kSAyopazamika hotI hai| sAdhaka usa para niyaMtraNa kI kSamatA nahIM rakhatA hai| kintu pA~cave guNasthAna kI prApti ke lie aniyaMtrita kaSAyoM kA upazAnta honA atyAvazyaka hai, kyoMki jisa vyakti meM vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM para niyaMtraNa karane kI kSamatA nahIM hogI, vaha naitika AcaraNa kabhI nahIM kara sktaa| isalie AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kI isa bhUmi meM vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM para AMzika niyaMtraNa ko Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| AMzika avasthA meM sthita vyakti ko jaina AcArazAstra meM upAsaka yA zrAvaka kahA gayA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa guNasthAna meM vyakti samyak cAritra kA pUrNarUpeNa athavA sUkSmatayA pAlana nahIM karatA balki moTe taura para cAritra kA pAlana karatA hai| sthUla hiMsA, jhUTha Adi kA tyAga karate hue, apanA vyavahAra calAte hue AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahatA hai| pramattasaMyatta guNasthAna isa chaThe guNasthAna meM sAdhaka dezavirati arthAt AMzika virati se sarvavirati arthAt sAdhaka azubhAcaraNa athavA naitika AcaraNa se pUrNarUpeNa virata ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM vaha pUrNatayA samyak cAritra kI ArAdhanA prArambha kara detA hai| usakA vrata aNuvrata na kahalAkara mahAvrata kahalAtA hai aura isakA pAlana karanevAlA mahAvratI yA sAdhaka kahalAtA hai| parantu aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isa avasthA meM sthita sAdhaka kA cAritra sarvathA vizuddha hotA hai, arthAt usameM kisI prakAra kA doSa nahIM AtA, balki pramAdAdi doSoM kI thor3I-bahuta saMbhAvanA yahA~ bhI banI rahatI hai| sAdhaka apanI AdhyAtmika paristhiti ke anusAra isa bhUmikA se nIce gira sakatA hai aura Upara car3ha sakatA hai| jabajaba sAdhaka kaSAyAdi pramAdoM para adhikAra kara letA hai taba-taba vaha Upara kI zreNI meM calA jAtA hai aura jaba- jaba kaSAya Adi pramAda usa para hAvI hote haiM taba-taba vaha Age kI zreNI se lauTakara puna: isa zreNI meM A jAtA hai / pramattasaMyata guNasthAna ke sAdhaka sAdhanApatha meM paricAraNa karate hue Age bar3hanA to cAhatA hai, lekina pramAda usameM avarodha kA kArya karatA hai| sAdhakoM meM sAdhanA ke lakSya kA bhAva to rahatA hai, lekina lakSya ke prati jisa satat jAgarukatA kI apekSA hotI hai, usakA sAdhaka meM abhAva hotA hai / indriyA~ caMcala hotI haiM aura apane viSaya kI ora indriyoM kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa jaba-jaba sAdhaka lakSya ke prati satat jAgarukatA nahIM rakha pAtA, taba taka vaha isa guNasthAna meM A jAtA hai aura punaH lakSya ke prati jAgaruka banakara sAtaveM guNasthAna meM calA jAtA hai| isa guNasthAna meM Ane ke lie sAdhaka ko mohakarma kI 15 prakRtiyoM kA kSaya, upazama, kSayopazama karanA hotA hai| mohakarma kI 15 prakRtiyA~ nimna haiM 14

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ . 1. sthAyI prabalatama (anantAnubaMdhI) krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - 4 2. asthAyI kintu aniyaMtraNIya (apratyAkhyAnI) krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-4 3. niyaMtraNIya (pratyAkhyAnI) krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha- 4 4. mithyAtvamoha, mizramoha aura samyaktvamoha - 3 pramAda ke avarodha ke kAraNa sAdhaka ke andara pUrNa AtmajAgRti sambhava nahIM ho pAtI hai, isalie sAdhaka ko pramAda ke kAraNoM kA upazamana karanA hotA hai aura jaba vaha pramAdoM ko zamita karane meM saphala ho jAtA hai taba vikAsa kI agalI zreNI meM praveza kara jAtA hai| apramattasaMyatta guNasthAna isa avasthA meM sAdhaka vyakta-avyakta sampUrNa pramAda Adi doSoM se rahita hokara AtmasAdhanA meM lIna rahatA hai| yaha pUrNa sajagatA kI sthiti hotI hai| sAdhaka kA dhyAna apane lakSya para kendrita hotA hai, lekina pramAdajanya vAsanAe~ bIca-bIca meM sAdhaka kA dhyAna vicalita karatI rahatI haiN| phalataH sAdhaka kabhI pramAdAvasthA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| to kabhI apramAdAvasthA meN| isa prakAra sAdhaka kI naiyA chaThaveM aura sAtaveM guNasthAna ke bIca meM DolatI rahatI hai| isa zreNI meM koI bhI sAdhaka eka antarmuhUrta se adhika nahIM raha pAtA hai| yadi vaha eka antarmuhUrta se adhika dehAtIta bhAva meM rahatA hai to vaha Age kI zreNiyoM kI ora prasthAna kara jAtA hai yA phira pramAda ke jAgrata hone para punaH chaThe guNasthAna meM calA jAtA hai| 247 apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna yaha avasthA AtmaguNa-zuddhi athavA lAbha kI avasthA hai, kyoMki isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kA cAritrabala vizeSa balavAna hotA hai aura vaha pramAda evaM apramAda ke isa saMgharSa meM vijayI banakara vizeSa sthAyI apramata avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai, phalataH use eka aisI zakti kI prApti hotI hai jisase vaha zeSa bace mohabala ko bhI naSTa kara sakatA hai| isa avasthA meM karmAvaraNa ke kama ho jAne ke kAraNa AtmA eka vizeSa prakAra ke AdhyAtmika Ananda kI anubhUti karatI hai, aisI anubhUti sAdhaka ko pUrva meM kabhI nahIM huI rahatI hai, isIlie ise apUrva kahA gayA hai| isa guNasthAna kI avasthA meM sAdhaka mokSa ko apane adhikAra kSetra ke adhIna samajhatA hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI caudaha bhUmiyoM meM prathama sAta bhUmiyoM taka AtmA para anAtmA kA Adhipatya rahatA hai aura antima sAta bhUmiyoM meM anAtmA para AtmA kA adhizAsana rahatA hai| prathama sAta guNasthAnoM meM AtmA aura anAtmA kI avasthAoM ko eka udAharaNa rUpa meM prastuta karate hue DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne kucha isa taraha kahA hai"aise kisI upaniveza kI kalpanA kIjie, jisa para kisI videzI jAti ne anAdikAla se Adhipatya kara rakhA ho aura vahA~ kI janatA ko gulAma banA liyA ho, yahI prathama guNasthAna hai| usa parAdhItanA kI avasthA meM hI zAsaka varga dvArA pradatta suvidhAoM kA lAbha uThAkara vahIM kI janatA meM svataMtratA kI cetanA kA udaya ho jAtA hai- yahI caturtha guNasthAna hai| bAda meM vaha janatA kucha adhikAroM kI mA~ga prastuta karatI hai aura kucha prayAsoM aura paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para unakI yaha mA~ga svIkRta hotI hai- yahI pA~cavA~ guNasthAna hai| isameM saphalatA prApta kara janatA apane hitoM kI kalpanA ke sakriya hone para aupanivezika svarAjya kI prApti kA prayAsa karatI hai aura saMyoga usake anukUla hone se unakI vaha mA~ga bhI svIkRta ho jAtI hai - yaha chaThA guNasthAna hai| aupanivezika svarAjya kI isa avasthA meM janatA pUrNa svataMtratA prApti kA prayAsa karatI hai, usake hetu sajaga hokara apanI zakti kA saMcaya karatI hai - yaha sAtavA~ guNasthAna hai| Age vaha apanI pUrNa svataMtratA kA udghoSa karatI huI una videziyoM se saMgharSa prArambha karatI hai| saMgharSa kI prathama sthiti meM yadyapi usakI zakti sImita hotI hai aura zatru varga bhayaMkara hotA hai, phira bhI apane adbhuta sAhasa aura zaurya se usako parAsta karatI hai - yahI AThavA~ guNasthAna hai| navA~ guNasthAna vaise hI hai jaise yuddha ke bAda Antarika avasthA ko sudhArane aura chipe hue zatruoM kA unmUlana kiyA jAtA hai / 15 248 anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna dRSTa, zruta athavA bhukta viSayoM kI AkAMkSA kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa naveM guNasthAna meM adhyavasAyoM kI viSayAbhimukhatA nahIM hotI arthAt bhAva punaH viSayoM kI ora nahIM lauTate / isa prakAra bhAvoM-adhyavasAyoM kI anivRtti ke kAraNa isa avasthA kA nAma anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna rakhA gayA hai| 16 AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke krama meM gatizIla sAdhaka jaba kaSAyoM meM kevala bIjarUpa sUkSma lobha chor3akara zeSa sabhI kaSAyoM kA kSaya yA upazamana kara detA hai, usake kAma Adi vAsanAtmaka bhAva bhI samUla naSTa ho jAte haiM, taba AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI yaha avasthA prApta hotI hai| isa guNasthAna meM AtmA bAdara arthAt sthUla kaSAyoM ke upazamana athavA kSapaNa meM tatpara rahatI hai| ataH ise anivRttibAdara guNasthAna, anivRtti bAdara samparAya (kaSAya) guNasthAna athavA bAdara samparAya guNasthAna bhI kahate haiM / 17

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna mohanIyakarma kI 28 karma- prakRtiyoM meM se 27 karma - prakRtiyoM ke kSaya yA upazama ho jAne para jaba mAtra saMjvalana lobha zeSa raha jAtA hai taba sAdhaka isa guNasthAna meM pahu~catA hai| AdhyAtmika patana ke kAraNoM meM mAtra sUkSma lobha ke zeSa rahane ke kAraNa hI isa guNasthAna kA nAma sUkSmasamparAya hai| upazAntamoha guNasthAna 249 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI isa bhUmi meM ve sAdhaka Ate haiM jo krodhAdi kA damana kara yA upazama kara vikAsa kI ora bar3hate haiM aura jo sAdhaka vAsanAoM ko sarvathA nirmUla karate hue kSAyika kI zreNI se vikAsa karate haiM, ve AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI isa bhUmi meM na Akara sIdhe bArahaveM guNasthAna meM cale jAte haiN| isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka ke samasta kaSAya upazAnta ho jAte haiM, daba jAte haiM, isalie isakA nAma upazAnta kaSAya guNasthAna yA upazAnta moha guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| isameM AtmA (sAdhaka) moha ko eka bAra dabA to detI hai, kintu nirmUla nAza ke abhAva meM dabA huA moha rAkha meM dabI huI agni kI bhA~ti samaya Ane para punaH utpanna ho jAtA hai aura sAdhaka kA sAdhanA - patha se patana ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA eka bAra nizcita rUpa se patita hokara nIce kI kisI bhUmikA para A TikatI hai| kabhI-kabhI to aisA hotA hai ki AtmA patita hokara sabase nIce kI bhUmikA mithyAtva guNasthAna taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| aisA kyoM hotA hai ? prazna sahaja hI upasthita hotA hai / uttarasvarUpa yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI tIna vidhiyA~ haiM- kSAyikavidhi, upazamavidhi aura kSayopazama vidhi| kSAyika vidhi meM sAdhaka kaSAyoM ko naSTa karate hue Age bar3hatA hai aura upazama vidhi meM kaSAyoM ko dabAkara Age bar3hatA hai| kSAyopazamika kSAyika aura upazama kA mizrita rUpa hai jisameM kaSAya ko AMzika rUpa meM naSTa karake yA AMzika rUpa meM dabAkara mAdhaka vikAsa-krama meM Age bar3hatA hai| ataH sAdhaka isa gyArahaveM guNasthAna me upazama vidhi dvArA kaSAyoM ko dabAkara hI praveza karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jo sAdhaka upazama vidhi dvArA kaSAyoM ko damita karake Age bar3hatA hai, usake patana kI sambhAvanA nizcita rahatI hai| gommaTasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra zarada Rtu meM sarovara kA pAnI miTTI ke nIce baiTha jAne se svaccha dikhAI par3atA hai, lekina usakI nirmalatA sthAyI nahIM hotI, miTTI ke kAraNa samaya Ane para vaha puna: malina ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra jo AtmAe~ miTTI ke samAna karmamala ke daba jAne se naitika pragati evaM Atmazuddhi kI isa avasthA ko prApta karatI haiM ve eka samayAvadhi ke pazcAt punaH patita ho jAtI haiN|" yahI kAraNa haiM ki upazama vidhi ke dvArA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karanevAlA sAdhaka sAdhanA ke mArga meM ucca stara para pahu~ca kara bhI patita ho jAtA hai|

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250 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kSINakaSAya(moha) guNasthAna isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka ke mana meM naitikatA evaM anaitikatA ke bIca honevAlA saMgharSa hamezA ke lie zAMta ho jAtA hai, kAraNa ki usakI samasta vAsanAe~, samasta AkAMkSAe~ kSINa ho cukI hotI haiN| isa guNasthAna meM AnevAlA sAdhaka mohakarma kI 28 pravRttiyoM ko pUrNa rUpa se samApta kara detA hai, isIlie isa guNasthAna ko kSINamoha guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| yaha naitika vikAsa kI pUrNa avasthA hai| isa sthiti meM pahu~cane ke bAda sAdhaka ke lie koI bhI naitika kartavya zeSa nahIM raha jAtA hai| sAdhaka dazaveM guNasthAna meM bace hue avazeSa sUkSma lobha ko bhI naSTa kara sIdhe bArahaveM guNasthAna meM A jAtA hai| ata: vikAsa kI isa zreNI meM patana kA koI bhaya nahIM raha jaataa| sAdhaka vikAsa kI agrima bhUmiyoM meM bar3hatA jAtA hai| yaha naitika pUrNatA kI avasthA hai aura vyakti jaba yathArtha naitika pUrNatA ko prApta kara letA hai to AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko bhI upalabdha kara letA hai| gyArahaveM guNasthAna ke viparIta svarUpavAle bArahaveM guNasthAna kI yahI vizeSatA hai ki vikAsa kI bhUmi meM sAdhaka ke patana kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| sayoga kevalI guNasthAna jaina darzana meM kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika vyApAra ko 'yoga' saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA jAtA hai aura ina yogoM ke astitva ke kAraNa hI isa avasthA ko sayoga kevalI guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| isa guNasthAna meM AnevAlA sAdhaka, sAdhaka kI zreNI meM nahIM raha jAtA, use siddha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki usakI AdhyAtmika pUrNatA meM kucha kamI rahatI hai| aSTa karmoM meM se cAra ghAtI karma to kSaya kara cuke hote haiM lekina cAra aghAtI karma- Ayu, nAma, gotra aura vedanIya Adi karmoM ke astitva ke bane rahane ke kAraNa AtmA deha se apane sambandha kA parityAga nahIM kara pAtI hai| ise sadehamukti bhI kahate haiN| jaina paramparA meM isa avasthA ko arhat, sarvajJa, kevalI Adi nAmoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| ayoga kevalI guNasthAna sayoga kevalI guNasthAna meM sthita AtmA (sAdhaka) AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko prApta to kara letI hai, lekina AtmA kA zarIra ke sAtha sambandha banA rahatA hai| sayoga kevalI jaba apane zarIra se mukti pAne ke lie vizuddha dhyAna kA Azraya lekara mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika vyApAroM ko sarvathA roka detA hai taba vaha (sAdhaka) AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI parAkASThA para pahu~ca jAtA hai| AtmA kI isI avasthA kA nAma ayoga kevalI

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 251 guNasthAna hai| isa avasthA meM kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika vyApAra kA pUrNata: nirodha ho jAtA hai| yaha cAritra vikAsa yA AdhyAtma vikAsa kI caramAvasthA hai| AtmA utkRSTatama zukladhyAna dvArA sumeru parvata kI taraha niSpakampasthiti ko prApta kara anta meM dehatyAgapUrvaka siddhAvasthA ko prApta hotI hai| ise jaina darzana meM mokSa, nirvANa, zivapada evaM nirguNa-brahma sthiti kahA gayA hai|20 / __yogadRSTiyA~ jIvana ke samagra kArya-kalApoM kA mUla AdhAra dRSTi (Vision) hotI hai| satva, raja aura tama meM se jisa ora hamArI dRSTi mur3a jAtI hai, hamArA jIvana pravAha usI ora svata: bar3ha jAtA hai| isIlie AcArya haribhadra ne AtmA ke kramika vikAsa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yoga kI ATha dRSTiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| dRSTi ko paribhASita karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki jisase samIcIna zraddhA ke sAtha bodha ho aura jisase asat pravRttiyoM kA kSaya karake sat pravRttiyA~ prApta hoM,vaha dRSTi hai|21 dRSTi do prakAra kI hotI hai-oghadRSTi aura yogdRsstti| meghAcchanna rAtri, megharahitarAtri, meghayukta divasa meM graha, bhUta-preta Adi se grasta puruSa, unase agrasta puruSa, bAlaka, vyaska, motiyAbinda Adi se vikRta, motiyAbinda Adi se rahita dRSTi oghadRSTi hotI hai|22 tAtparya hai ki sAMsArikabhAva, sAMsArika sukha, sAMsArika padArtha, kriyA-kalApa Adi meM jo racI-basI rahatI hai, vaha oghadRSTi hai| yogadRSTi ke prakAra ko batAte hue AcArya haribhadra ne kahA hai-tRNa ke agnikaNa, gobara yA upalA ke agnikaNa, kASTha ke agnikaNa, dIpaka kI prabhA, ratna kI prabhA, sUrya kI prabhA tathA candra kI prabhA ke sadRza sAdhaka kI dRSTi ATha prakAra kI hotI hai|23 ve AThoM dRSTiyA~ haiM24- 1. mitrA 2. tArA 3. balA 4. dIprA 5. sthirA 6. kAntA 7. prabhA 8. praa| uparyukta AThoM prakAra meM se prathama cAra oghadRSTi meM antarnihita haiM, kyoMki inakI vRtti saMsArAbhimukha rahatI hai, arthAt jIva kA utthAna-patana hotA hai| zeSa cAra dRSTiyA~ yogadRSTi meM samAhita hotI haiM, kyoMki inameM AtmA kI pravRtti AtmavikAsa kI ora agrasara hotI hai| pA~cavIM dRSTi ke bAda jIva sarvathA unnatizIla banA rahatA hai, usake girane kI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki oghadRSTi asatdRSTi hai aura yoga dRSTi satdRSTi hai| AcArya haribhadra ne prathama cAra dRSTiyoM ko avedya-saMvedya pada25 athavA pratipAti26 tathA antima cAra dRSTiyoM ko vedya-saMvedya pada athavA apratipAti kahA hai| vedya-saMvedya pada se abhiprAya hai, jisa pada meM vedya viSayoM kA yathArtha svarUpa jAnA jA sake aura usameM apravRtti buddhi paidA ho| isI prakAra jisameM bAhya vedya viSayoM kA yathArthasvarUpa meM saMvedana aura jJAna na kiyA jA sake vaha avedya-saMvedya pada hai|

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252 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana mitrAdRSTi isa prathama dRSTi ko AcArya ne tRNa ke agnikaNoM kI upamA se upamita kiyA haiN| jisa prakAra tinakoM kI agni meM sirpha nAma kI agni hotI hai, usake sahAre kisI vastu kA spaSTa rUpa se darzana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usI prakAra isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka ko jJAna to prApta hotA hai lekina usa alpajJAna meM tattvabodha nahIM ho pAtA, kyoMki mithyAtva athavA ajJAna itanA ghanA hotA hai ki vaha jJAna aura darzana para AvaraNa DAla detA hai| isalie sAdhaka ko tAttvika evaM pAramArthika jJAna kA bodha nahI ho pAtA hai| yaha alpasthiti hotI hai| cU~ki yaha manda, halkI, dhuMdhalI aura svalpa zaktika hai, isalie sAdhaka meM koI aisA saMskAra niSpanna nahIM kara pAtI hai jisake sahAre sAdhaka AdhyAtmika bodha kI ora gati kara ske| isakA mAtra itanA-sA upayoga hai ki yaha bodhamaya prakAza kI eka halkI sI razmi AvirbhUta kara detI hai jo mana meM AdhyAtmika bodha ke prati halkA-sA AkarSaNa paidA kara jAtI hai| phira bhI sAdhaka sarvajJa ko anta:karaNapUrvaka namaskAra karatA huA AcArya evaM tapasvI kI yathocita sevA karatA hai tathA auSadhadAna, zAstradAna, vairAgya, pUjA, zravaNa,pAThana, svAdhyAya Adi kriyAoM aura bhAvanAoM kA pAlana va cintana Adi karatA hai| isa dRSTi meM darzana kI maMdatA, ahiMsAdi yamoM kA pAlana karane kI icchA aura devapUjAdi dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke prati lagAva rahatA hai|27 sAdhaka dvArA mAdhyasthAdi bhAvanAoM kA cintana karane aura mokSa kI kAraNabhUta sAmagriyoM ko juTAte rahane ke kAraNa ise yogabIja kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai|28 tArAdRSTi tArA dvitIya dRSTi hai, jise AcArya ne gobara yA upalA ke agnivezoM kI upamA se upamita kiyA hai| tinakoM kI agni kI apekSA upaloM kI agni prakAza kI dRSTi se kucha viziSTa hotI hai, parantu koI khAsa antara nahIM hotA hai| tinakoM kI agni kI bhA~ti upaloM kI agni kA prakAza bhI alpakAlika hotA hai, isalie usake sahAre bhI kisI padArtha kA samyaktayA darzana nahIM ho pAtA hai| tArAdRSTi bhI kucha aisI hI hotI hai| bodhamaya prakAza kI jo jhalaka udghATita hotI hai vaha mitrA dRSTi kI apekSA kucha tIvra to.avazya hotI hai, parantu usameM sthiratA, zakti Adi kI dRSTi se koI vizeSa antara nahIM hotA hai| hA~! itanA antara avazya hai ki mitrAdRSTi meM jo divya jhalaka milI hotI hai, vaha kucha adhika jyotirmayatA tathA tIvratA ke sAtha sAdhaka ko tArAdRSTi meM prApta hotI hai| sAtha hI, sAdhaka ko yahA~ zaucAdi niyamoM kA pAlana karate hue Atmahita kA kArya karane meM kheda nahIM hotA hai, balki usameM tAttvika jijJAsA jAgRta ho jAtI hai|29 isameM sAdhaka

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 253 itanA sAvadhAna ho jAtA hai ki vaha socane lagatA hai- kahIM mere dvArA kiye gaye vrata, pUjanAdi kriyAkalApoM se dUsaroM ko kaSTa to nahIM hai aura isa taraha sAdhaka vairAgya kI tathA saMsAra kI asAratA sambandhI yoga-kathAoM ko sunane kI icchA rakhate hue bar3e logoM ke prati samatAbhAva rakhatA hai aura unakA Adara-satkAra karatA hai|31 yadi pUrva se hI sAdhaka ke antarmana meM yogI, saMnyAsI, sAdhu Adi ke prati anAdara kA bhAva rahatA hai to bhI vaha isa avasthA meM prema aura sadvyavahAra karatA hai|32 saMsAra kI asAratA tathA mokSa ke sambandha meM cintana-manana karane meM samartha na hote hue bhI nirdiSTa athavA upadiSTa kathanoM para zraddhA ke bhAva rakhatA hai|32 kyoMki guru satsaMga ke kAraNa sAdhaka kI azubha pravRttiyA~ banda ho jAtI haiM aura saMsAra sambandhI kisI bhI prakAra kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| phalata: sAdhaka dhArmika kAryoM meM anajAne meM bhI anucita vartana nahIM karatA hai| kintu satkArya meM lage rahane para bhI sAdhaka meM azubha pravRttiyA~ rahatI haiN| kAraNa ki sAdhaka isa avasthA meM samyagjJAna ke abhAva meM samyak - asamyak kA antara nahIM jAna pAtA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha jo AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM hai, use hI AtmA kA svabhAva mAnatA hai| isI ajJAna ke kAraNa vaha sarvajJa ke dvArA kathita tattvoM para zraddhA evaM vinIta bhAva rakhatA hai| tAtparya hai ki tArAdRSTi meM sAdhaka ko acAnaka adhyAtma-udbodha kI kucha vizad jhalaka dikhAI to detI hai, parantu sAdhaka kA pUrva kA koI saMskAra nahIM chUTa pAtA hai, isalie sAdhaka ke kArya-kalApoM meM dravyAtmakatA se adhika vikAsa nahIM ho pAtA hai| balAdRSTi isa tIsarI dRSTi kI upamA kASThAgni se dI gayI hai| jisa prakAra kASThAgni kA prakAza kucha sthira hotA hai, adhika samaya taka TikatA hai, zaktimAna hotA hai ThIka usI prakAra balAdRSTi meM utpanna bodha kucha samaya taka TikatA hai, sthira rahatA hai, sazakta hotA hai aura saMskAra bhI chor3atA hai| sAtha hI sAdhaka meM tattvajJAna ke prati abhiruci utpanna hotI hai tathA yoga-sAdhanA meM kisI prakAra kA udvega nahIM hotaa|35 eka udAharaNa dete hue isa dRSTi ko bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai-jisa prakAra sundara yuvaka, sundara yuvatI ke sAtha nAca-gAnA sunane meM tadrUpa hokara atIva Ananda kI prApti karatA hai, usI prakAra zAnta sthira pariNAmI yogI bhI zAstra-zravaNa devagurupUjAdi meM utsAha athavA Ananda kI prApti karatA hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kI manosthiratA atyanta sudRr3ha ho jAtI hai aura vAstavika lakSya kI ora sAdhaka ko udbhUta kiye rahane kA prayAsa karatI hai, jisase sAdhaka meM satkarma ke prati prIti utpanna hotI hai| bhale hI use tattva carcA sunane ko mile yA na mile, parantu usakI bhAvanA itanI nirmala evaM pavitra ho jAtI hai ki usakI

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254 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana icchA mAtra se hI usakA karmakSaya hone lagatA hai|37 zubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa samatAbhAva kA vikAsa hotA hai jisase sAdhaka ke mana meM priya vastu ke prati Agraha nahIM rhtaa|28 sAtha hI sAdhaka cAritra-vikAsa kI sArI kriyAoM ko Alasyarahita hokara karatA hai, jinase bAhya padArthoM ke prati tRSNA athavA Asakti kSINa ho jAtI hai aura vaha dharma-kriyA meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai|39 isa prakAra balAdRSTi meM sAdhaka ke antarmana meM samatAbhAva kA udaya hotA hai aura Atmazuddhi sudRr3ha hotI hai| dIprAdRSTi dIpA cauthI dRSTi hai| jisakI upamA AcArya ne dIpaka kI jyoti se dI hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka kA prakAza tRNAgni, upalAgni aura kASThAgni kI apekSA adhika sthira hotA hai aura jisake sahAre padArtha ko dekhA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra dIprAdRSTi meM hone vAlA bodha uparyukta dRSTiyoM kI apekSA adhika samaya taka TikatA hai| parantu jisa prakAra dIpaka kA prakAza havA ke jhoMke se bujha jAtA hai, usI prakAra tIvra mithyAvaraNa ke kAraNa yaha darzana bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| yogadRSTisamuccaya meM isa dRSTi ko prANAyAma evaM tattvazravaNasaMyukta tathA sUkSmabodha bhAva se rahita mAnA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai-jisa prakAra prANAyAma na kevala zarIra ko hI sudRr3ha banAtA hai, balki Antarika nAr3iyoM ke sAtha-sAtha mana kI malInatA ko bhI dhotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra isa dRSTi meM recaka prANAyAma kI bhA~ti bAhya viSayoM meM mamatvabuddhi hone ke sAtha-sAtha pUraka prANAyAma kI bhA~ti vivekazakti kI vRddhi bhI hotI hai aura kumbhaka prANAyAma kI taraha jJAnakendrita hotA hai| tArAdvAtriMzikA meM ise bhAvaprANAyAma kahA gayA hai| jo bhI sAdhaka isa dRSTi para apanA adhikAra kara letA hai vaha binA kisI saMdeha ke dharma para zraddhA karane lagatA hai| usakI zraddhA itanI prabala ho jAtI hai ki vaha dharma ke lie prANa kA tyAga kara sakatA hai, lekina prANa kI rakSA ke lie dharma kA tyAga nahIM kara sktaa| - aba taka kI uparyukta varNita dRSTiyA~ oghadRSTiyA~ haiN| inameM yadi tattvajJAna ho bhI jAtA hai to vaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai,43 kyoMki pUrvasaMcita karmoM ke kAraNa dhArmika vrata-niyamoM kA yathAvidhi pAlana karane se bhI samyak jJAna kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| isI mithyAtva doSa ke kAraNa ina dRSTiyoM ke jIvoM ko avedya-saMvedya pada kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ajJAnavaza jIva apanA AcaraNa mUr3havata karatA hai, jisake kAraNa aneka duHkha utpanna hote haiN| kintu saMcita evaM saMcAyamANa karmoM kA chedana karane tathA sAMsArika kAraNoM ko jAnane para hI sUkSma tattva kI prApti hotI hai|5 phalata: eka ora jahA~ saMsArAbhimukhatA kA viccheda hotA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora avedya-saMvedya pada bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM aura paramAnanda kI upalabdhi hotI hai| 6

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 255 sthirAdRSTi sthirAdRSTi ko ratnaprabhA se upamita kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra ratna kI prabhA kabhI miTatI nahIM, sahajatayA prakAzamAna rahatI hai, ThIka usI prakAra sthirAdRSTi meM prApta bodhamaya prakAza sthira rahatA hai| yahA~ sAdhaka kI dRSTi samyak ho jAtI hai, bhrAMtiyA~ miTa jAtI haiM, sUkSmabodha athavA bhedajJAna ho jAtA hai, indriyA~ saMyamita ho jAtI haiM, dharma-kriyAoM meM AnevAlI bAdhAoM kA parihAra ho jAtA hai tathA paramAtma svarUpa ko pahacAnane kA prayAsa karane lagatA hai| sAtha hI AtmA aura para-padArthoM kI bhinnatA kA sAdhaka anubhava karane lagatA hai| aba taka para meM sva kI jo buddhi thI, vaha acAnaka Atmonmukha ho jAtI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne sAdhaka kI isa Antarika anubhUti ko bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai-moha merA kucha nahIM hai, maiM to eka mAtra upayoga cetanA rUpa huuN| yoM cintana karanevAle ko siddhAntavettA, jJAnI, mohAtmaka mamatA se U~cA uThA huA kahate haiN| 8 Age puna: kahate haiM-nizcatarUpa se maiM darzana-jJAnamaya, sadA arUpI, ekamAtra zuddha AtmA hU~, anya kucha bhI paramANumAtra merA nahIM hai|49 isa prakAra dRSTi meM samyaktva A jAne para AsthA sthira ho jAtI hai, vizvAsa sudRr3ha ho jAtA hai tathA jIva darzana pratyAhAra se yukta kRtya, abhrAnta, nirdoSa evaM sUkSmabodha vAlA ho jAtA hai|50 jisa prakAra ratna kA prakAza kabhI miTatA nahIM hai usI prakAra sthirA dRSTi meM prApta bodha naSTa nahIM hotA aura sAdhaka kA bodha sadAbhyAsa, AtmAnubhUti, satcintana Adi ke dvArA ujjvala se ujjvalatara hotA jAtA hai| kAntAdRSTi isa dRSTi kI upamA tAre kI prabhA se dI gayI hai| jisa prakAra tAre kI prabhA AkAza meM svAbhAvika rUpa meM hotI hai, akhaNDita hotI hai| usI prakAra kAntA kI dRSTi kA bodha-udyota, avicala, akhaNDita aura pragAr3ha rUpa meM cinmaya AkAza meM sahaja rUpa meM prakAzita rahatA hai| isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka ko dhAraNA nAmaka yoga ke saMyoga se susthira avasthA prApta hotI hai, paropakAra evaM sadvicAroM se usakA hRdaya AplAvita ho jAtA hai tathA usake doSa arthAt citta kI vikalatA naSTa ho jAtI hai|51 indriyoM ke viSayoM ke zAnta ho jAne tathA dhArmika sadAcAroM ke samyak paripAlana se sAdhaka kSamAzIla svabhAvavAlA bana jAtA hai, vaha sabhI prANiyoM kA priya ho jAtA hai|52 isa prakAra sAdhaka ko zAnta, dhIra evaM paramAnanda kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai, samyak-jJAna kI prApti se use sva aura para vastu kA bodha hone ke sAtha-sAtha usameM IrSyA, krodha Adi doSoM kA sarvathA nAza ho jAtA hai|

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256 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana yadi hama kAntA ke zAbdika artha ko dekheM to kAntA kA artha hI hotA hailAvaNyamayI, priyaMkArI gRhsvaaminii| aisI sanArI pativratA hotI hai, jisakI apanI vizeSatA hotI hai| vaha ghara, parivAra tathA jagata ke sAre kArya ko karate hue bhI eka mAtra apanA citta apane pati se jor3e rahatI hai| usake cintana kA ekamAtra kendra usakA pati hI hotA hai| isI prakAra kAntAdRSTi meM pahu~cA huA sAdhaka Avazyaka aura kartavya kI dRSTi se jahA~ jaisA karanA apekSita hai, vaha saba karatA hai, parantu usameM Asakta nahIM hotaa| usakA mana to eka mAtra zruta-nirdiSTa dharma meM hI lIna rahatA hai| usake cintana kA kendra AtmasvarUpa meM pratiSThita hotA hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki kAntAdRSTi meM sAdhaka kI sthiti anAsakta karmayogI kI hotI hai| jaisA ki gItA meM zrI kRSNa ne kahA hai ki anAsakta hokara karma karate jAo,phala kI icchA mata kro| Asakti kA parityAgakara, siddhi-saphalatA, asiddhi-asaphalatA meM samAna banakara yoga meM sthita hokara tuma karma kro| yaha samatva hI yoga hai|53 prabhAdRSTi isa dRSTi kI upamA sUrya ke prakAza se dI gayI hai| jisa prakAra sUrya ke prakAza se sArA vizva prakAzita hotA hai tathA usakA prakAza atyanta tIvra, ojasvI evaM tejasvI hotA hai, usI prakAra prabhAdRSTi kA bodha-prakAza bhI atyanta tIvra, ojasvI evaM tejasvI hotA hai tathA sAdhaka ko samasta padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna ho jAtA hai| sUrya kI bhA~ti atyanta suspaSTa darzana kI prApti hotI hai| kisI bhI prakAra kA roga nahIM hotA tathA pratipAti nAmaka guNa kA ArvibhAvahotA hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka ko itanA AtmavizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki vaha kaSAyoM meM lipta hote hue bhI alipta-sA rahatA hai, rogAdi klezoM se pIr3ita hone para bhI vicalita nahIM hotaa| phalata: usameM pUrva meM saMcita viSamavRtti ke badale prANiyoM meM samatA athavA asaMgAnuSThAna kA udaya hotA hai, icchAoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura sAdhaka sadAcAra kA pAlana karate hue mokSamArga kI ora agrasara hotA hai arthAt yahIM se mokSamArga kA zrI gaNeza hotA hai|55 asaMgAnuSThAna cAra prakAra ke hote haiM- prIti, bhakti,vacana aura asNgaanusstthaan| jise yogadRSTisamuccaya meM prazAMtavAhitA, visaMbhAgaparikSaya, zaivavartma aura dhruvAdhvA ke nAma se batAyA gayA hai|56 ata: yahA~ sAdhaka kA prAtibhajJAna yA anubhUti prasUtajJAna itanA prabala evaM ujjvala ho jAtA hai ki use zAstra ke prayojana kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, jJAna kI sAkSAt upalabdhi use ho jAtI hai| AtmasAdhanA kI yaha bahuta hI U~cI sthiti hotI hai| aisI uttama, avicala, dhyAnAvasthA se AtmA meM aparisIma sukha kA srota phUTa par3atA hai|

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 257 parAdRSTi ___ yaha antima dRSTi hai, jisakI upamA candramA kI prabhA se dI gayI hai, jo zItala, saumya tathA zAnta hotA hai aura sabake lie Ananda aura ullAsaprada hotA hai| jisa prakAra candramA kI jyotsanA sAre vizva ko prakAzita karatI hai, usI prakAra parAdRSTi meM prApta bodhaprabhA samasta vizva ko jo jJeyAtma hai, udyotita karatI hai| isameM sabhI prakAra ke mana-vyApAra avaruddha ho jAte haiM aura AtmA kevala AtmA ke rUpa ko hI dekhatI hai, kyoMki yaha AtmasvarUpa meM niSprayAsa pariramaNa kI uccatama dazA hai, jisakA sukha sarvathA nirvikalpa hotA hai| yaha bodha kI nirvikalpa dazA hai| isa dazA meM bodha aura sukha kI nirvikalpatA meM dhyAtA, dhyAna aura dhyeya kI tripuTI aura jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra kI tripadI ekamAtra abheda AtmasvarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai, jahA~ dvaitabhAva sarvathA vilaya ko prApta kara letA hai| yaha avasthA sAsaktihIna aura doSarahita hotI hai| isa avasthAvAle yogI ko sAMsArika vastuoM ke prati na moha hotA hai, na Asikta aura na usameM kisI prakAra kA doSa hI raha jAtA hai| isa taraha AcAra aura aticAra se varjita hone ke kAraNa sAdhaka (yogI) kSapaka zreNI athavA upazama zreNI dvArA AtmavikAsa karatA hai|57 kSapaka zreNI se abhiprAya hai jo sAdhaka tIvra saMvega Adi prayatnoM dvArA rAga, dveSa evaM moha ko kramaza: nirmala karate-karate uttarottara samatA-zaddhi kI sAdhanA karatA hai, vaha kSapaka zreNI meM AtA hai| aise hI jo sAdhaka apane saMklezoM ko arthAt karmoM kA mUlata: kSaya na karake unakA kevala upazama hI karatA hai, sarvathA nirmUla nahIM kara pAtA, vaha upazama zreNI meM AtA hai| jisameM prathama zreNI kA sAdhaka eka hI prayatna meM mukti pA jAtA hai, lekina dvitIya zreNI ke sAdhaka ko mukti ke lie janmAntara lenA par3atA hai| isa dRSTi meM samasta kaSAyoM ke kSINa hone ke kAraNa sAdhaka ko aneka labdhiyA~ prApta hotI haiM aura vaha mumukSu jIvoM ke kalyANArtha : padeza detA hai| isa krama meM yogI nirvANa pAne kI sthiti meM yoga-saMnyAsa nAmaka yoga ko prApta karatA hai,58 jisake antima samaya meM zeSa cAra aghAtIya karmoM ko naSTa karake vahA~ pA~ca akSaroM ke uccAraNa mAtra samaya meM zailezI avasthA ko prApta karatA hai yAnI mokSa prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra ne guNasthAna ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ATha dRSTiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| parantu yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita jAna par3atA hai ki guNasthAna tathA uparyukta ATha dRSTiyoM meM koI asamAnatA nahIM hai, kyoMki prathama cAra dRSTiyoM meM prathama tIna guNasthAna, paMcama evaM SaSTa dRSTi me caturtha, paMcama aura SaSTha, saptama meM saptama aura aSTam guNasthAna tathA antima yAnI aSTam dRSTi

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 258 meM caturdaza guNasthAna kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne apanI dUsarI pustaka yogabindu meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pA~ca anya bhUmiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jo caudaha guNasthAna evaM uparyukta ATha dRSTiyoM kA hI saMkSipta rUpa hai| ve pA~ca bhUmiyA~ isa prakAra haiM59 1. adhyAtma 2. bhAvanA 3. dhyAna 4. samatA aura 5. vRttisaMkSaya adhyAtma- AdhyAtma kA artha hotA hai- AtmA ko AtmA meM adhiSThita karake rhnaa| tAtparya hai ki jo sadaiva apane meM hI banA rahatA hai, apane meM hI ramaNa karatA rahatA hai, vaha adhyAtma hai| apanI zakti ke anusAra aNuvrata, mahAvrata Adi ko svIkAra karake maitrI Adi cAra bhAvanAoM kA bhalI-bhA~ti cintana-manana karanA hI adhyAtma hai|" aucitya, vRttasamavetattva, AgamAnusAritva aura maitrI Adi bhAvanA - ye cAra adhyAtma yoga tattvacintana ke mahattvapUrNa lakSaNa haiN| ina para vicAra karane se adhyAtma kA vAstavika rahasya bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa ho jAtA hai| yogabindu meM kahA hai ki prANIjagata ke prati maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM kA cintana-manana aura AcaraNa karane se adhyAtmayoga puSTa hotA hai / 61 isI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra meM likhA hai ki ina bhAvanAoM ke cintana se utpanna rasAyana se dhyAna kI puSTi hotI hai / 62 bhAvanA - bhAvatIti bhAvanA, arthAt bhAva kA artha hotA hai- vicAra athavA abhiprAya / AcArya zIlAMka ne bhAva ke abhiprAya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki citta kA abhiprAya bhAva hai / 63 ataH jisake dvArA mana ko bhAvita kiyA jAe yA saMskArita kiyA jAe, vaha bhAvanA hai| 4 bhAvanA ko anuprekSA ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne bhAvanA ko dhyAna kI pUrva bhUmikA mAnA hai / jaba sAdhaka maitrI Adi cAra bhAvanAoM kA mana, vacana aura karma se cintana karatA hai to azubha karmoM kI nivRtti hotI hai tathA sadbhAvanAoM athavA samatAbhAva kI vRddhi hotI hai / 65 sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa sAdhaka kI AtmA bhAvanAyoga se zuddha ho gayI hai, vaha sAdhaka jala meM naukA ke samAna hai | jaise naukA taTa para vizrAma karatI hai, vaise hI bhAvanA yoga se zuddha sAdhaka ko bhI paramazakti prApta hotI hai| 66 isa prakAra bhAvanA karma-nirodha meM sahAyaka hotI hai| sAdhaka ke dhArmika prema, vairAgya aura cAritra kI dRr3hatA kI dRSTi se inakA cintana evaM manana karanA abhISTa kahA gayA hai| 67 umAsvAti ne bhI tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai ki ye bhAvanAe~ cintana, saMvega aura vairAgya kI abhivRddhi ke lie haiN| " bhAvanAe~ bAraha prakAra kI mAnI gayI haiM, jo nimnalikhita haiM 68

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 259 1. anitya bhAvanA 2. azaraNa bhAvanA 3. ekatva bhAvanA 4. anyatva bhAvanA 5. saMsAra bhAvanA 6. loka bhAvanA 7. azuci bhAvanA 8. Asrava bhAvanA 9. saMvara bhAvanA 10. nirjarA bhAvanA 11. dharma bhAvanA 12. bodhi-durlabha bhAvanA / isa prakAra adhyAtma vikAsa ke lie ina bhAvanAoM kA cintana-manana atyanta Avazyaka hai| isase sAdhaka ke vaibhAvika saMskAroM kA vilaya, adhyAtma-tattva kI sthiratA aura AtmaguNoM kA utkarSa hotA hai| dhyAna- mana ko sadA sthira rakhane aura acaMcala banAne ke lie dhyAna-yoga kI prarUpanA kI gayI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki antarmaharta paryanta eka hI viSaya para citta kI ekAgratA arthAta dhyeya viSaya meM ekAkAravRtti kA pravAhita honA dhyAna hai|69 isI prakAra AcArya haribhadra ne kahA hai-zubha pratIkoM ke Alambana para citta kA sthirIkaraNa rUpa dhyAna dIpaka kI lau ke samAna jyotirmAna tathA sUkSma aura anta:praviSTa cintana meM saMyukta hotA hai| paranta AcArya zIlAMka ne mana,vacana evaM kAya ke viziSTa vyApAra ko hI dhyAna kahA hai| pUrva ke adhyAya meM dhyAna kI vistRta carcA kI gayI hai| samatA- avidyA dvArA kalpita iSTa-aniSTa padArthoM meM kI jAnevAlI iSTa-aniSTa kalpanA ko avidyA kA prabhAva samajhakara unameM upekSAvRtti dhAraNa karanA samatA kahalAtA hai|72 sAdhaka meM samatA ke A jAne se usake sUkSma karmoM kA kSaya hone lagatA hai tathA usakI AkAMkSAoM, AzAoM ke tantu TTane lagate haiN|73 samatA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI carama sImA mAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki samyaktvarUpI jalAzaya meM avagAhana karanevAle puruSoM kA rAga-dveSa rUpI mala sahasA naSTa ho jAtA hai|74 yadyapi dekhA jAe to samatA aura dhyAna eka-dUsare ke sApekSa dRSTigocara hote haiM, kyoMki dhyAna ke binA samatA kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI aura samatA ke binA dhyAna kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| samabhAva kI prApti ke binA dhyAna karanA Atma viDambanA ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai, kyoMki samatva abhAva meM dhyAna lagAnA sambhava nahIM hai| samabhAva rUpI sUrya ke dvArA rAga-dveSa aura moha kA andhakAra naSTa kara dene para sAdhaka apanI AtmA meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa dekhane lagatA hai| 6 __ vRttisaMkSaya-vRttisaMkSaya adhyAtmayoga kA antima sopAna hai| mana evaM zarIra se utpanna cittavRttiyoM ko jar3a se naSTa karanA vRttisaMkSaya kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra vRkSa kI tanA kATa dene para patra Adi kI utpatti hone se nahIM rokA jA sakatA, vaise hI saMsAra rUpI vRkSa kI sthiti hai| jisa prakAra vRkSa ko samApta karane ke lie usake jar3a ko kATanA

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 260 hotA hai usI prakAra saMsAra rUpI vRkSa ko samApta karane ke lie usake mUla kA uccheda karanA Avazyaka hai|78 vRttisaMkSaya se sAdhaka samasta karmoM kA avarodha karatA huA kevalajJAna prApta kara zailezI avasthA meM pahu~catA hai, jahA~ sabhI prakAra kI bAdhAoM se atIta sadAnandamayI mokSAvasthA ko prApta karatA hai / 79 uparyukta pA~coM bhUmiyA~ caudaha guNasthAna meM samAhita haiN| pUrva sevA se lekara samatA taka jo dhArmika anuSThAna sAdhaka karate haiM, ve saba dharma - vyApAra hone ke kAraNa yoga ke upAya mAtra haiN|'deg adhyAtma, bhAvanA, apunarbandhaka evaM samyak - dRSTi Adi vyavahAra naya se tAttvika haiM aura dezavirata evaM sarvavirata nizcaya naya se tAttvika haiN| apramatta, sarvavirata Adi guNasthAnoM meM dhyAna tathA samatA uttarottara tAttvika rUpa se hotI haiM tathA vRttisaMkSaya terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna meM huA mAnA jAtA hai / 81 isa prakAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyoM meM mukhyataH caudaha guNasthAna hI pramukha haiM, jinheM vibhinna AcAryoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| AcArya haribhadra dvArA nirUpita AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ATha tathA pA~ca bhUmiyoM kA samAveza caudaha guNasthAna meM ho jAtA hai| cauthe se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka samprajJAta yoga aura terahaveM se caudahaveM guNasthAna meM asamprajJAta yoga kI avasthA hotI hai| bauddha paramparA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa jaina paramparA kI bhA~ti bauddha paramparA meM bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyoM kI carcA milatI hai| sAdhaka jitanA adhika AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sImA ko sparza karatA hai, utanA hI adhika nirvANa kI bhUmikA ke samIpa hotA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prApti ke krama meM vaha niraMtara buddha dvArA batAe gaye mArga kA anusaraNa karatA rahatA hai aura anta meM nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| jaina paramparA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI 14 bhUmiyA~ svIkAra kI gayI haiM, lekina AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko lekara bauddha paramparA meM mata vaibhinnrya dekhane ko milatA hai| kisI ne cAra bhUmiyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai to kisI ne ds| hInayAna sampradAya jo vaiyaktika nirvANa athavA arhat pada kI prApti para bala detA hai, ne cAra bhUmiyoM ko hI mAnyatA dI hai; vahI mahAyAna sampradAya jo buddhatva kI prApti ke dvArA lokamaMgala kI sAdhanA para bala detA hai, ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa bhUmiyoM ko kiyA hai| yadyapi AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi aura prajJA ko mAnA gayA hai, jo AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pA~ca indriyA~ yA jIvanI zaktiyA~ kahalAtI haiN| milindapaJha meM kahA gayA hai ki citta ke samprasAda kA nAma hI zraddhA hai / " 2

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 261 zraddhA meM pratiSThita hokara sAdhaka vIryArambha karatA hai| zraddhA se hI vIrya kI utpatti hotI hai| vIryArambha karanevAle kI smRti ThaharatI hai| jisakI smRti ThaharatI hai, usI kA citta samAdhimagna hotA hai aura citta kI samAdhi se hI manuSya prajJA ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra zraddhA kI antima pariNati prajJA hotI hai| hInayAna sampradAya meM samyak - dRSTi sampanna nirvANa mArga para ArUr3ha sAdhaka arhat avasthA (sarvocca pada ) ko prApta karane taka nimna cAra bhUmiyoM kI sAdhanA karatA hai - 1. srotApana bhUmi, 2. sakRdAgAmI bhUmi, 3. anAgAmI bhUmi, 4. arhat bhUmi / strotApannabhUmi 3 85 dIghanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka tIna saMyojanoM ke kSaya se phira na patita honevAlA, niyata sambodhI kI ora jAnevAlA srotApanna kahalAtA hai| * paM. baladeva upAdhyAya ne "srotApanna" zabda kA artha 'dhArA' meM par3anevAlA kiyA hai| jaba sAdhaka kA citta prapaJca se ekadama haTakara nirvANa ke mArga para ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai, jahA~ se girane kI saMbhAvanA tanika bhI nahIM rahatI taba use srotApanna kahate haiN| srotApatrabhUmi kI prathama avasthA ko gotrabhU kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne srotApanna bhUmi ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai - sAdhaka jaba buddha kathita mArga ko bhalI-bhA~ti jAnakara zAstra kA acchI taraha manana- cintana karate hue tIna saMyojano kA kSaya kara detA hai, taba satkAya-dRSTi arthAt zarIra ko AtmA mAnakara usake prati mamatva yA merApana kA bhAva rakhatA hai, vicikitsA arthAt sandehAtmakatA tathA zIlavrata parAmarza arthAt vratAdi meM Asakti Adi avasthAoM ko prApta karatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba sAdhaka dArzanika mithyAdRSTikoNa (satkAya dRSTikoNa) evaM karmakANDAtmaka mithyAdRSTikoNa ( zIlavrata parAmarza) kA tyAga kara sabhI prakAra ke saMzayoM (vicikitsA) kI avasthA ko pAra kara jAtA hai, taba isa srotApannabhUmi para pratiSThita hotA hai| isa avasthA para pratiSThita sAdhaka vicAra evaM AcAra donoM se zuddha hotA hai| jo bhI sAdhaka isa srotApanna avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai vaha adhika se adhika sAta janmoM meM nirvANa lAbha kara letA hai| isa bhUmi meM dArzanika evaM karmakANDAtmaka mithyAdRSTikoNoM evaM saMdehazIlatA ke samApta ho jAne ke kAraNa isa bhUmi se patana kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai aura sAdhaka nirvANa kI dizA meM abhimukha ho AdhyAtmika dizA meM pragati karatA hai / srotApannabhUmi ke sAdhaka buddhAnusmRti, dharmAnusmRti, saMghAnusmRti, zIla evaM samAdhi Adi guNoM se yukta hotA hai| 86

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262 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana sakRdAgAmIbhUmi sakRdAgAmI ko paribhASita karate hue dIghanikAya meM kahA gayA hai tInoM saMyojanoM ke kSINa hone para; rAga, dveSa, moha ke nirbala par3ane para sAdhaka sakRdAgAmI kahalAtA hai| AnevAlA sakRdAgAmI sAdhaka saMsAra meM eka hI bAra AtA hai| paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya sakRdAgAmI kA artha batAte hue kahate haiM ki srotApanna bhikSu kAmarAga (indriya lipsA) tathA pratidha (dUsare ke prati aniSTa karane kI bhAvanA) nAmaka do bandhanoM ko durbala mAtra banAkara muktimArga meM Age bar3hatA hai, kintu isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka dvArA klezoM kA nAza pradhAna kArya hotA hai| " srotApannabhUmi aura sakRdAgAmIbhUmi meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karate hue bhagavAn buddha isa bAta para bala dete haiM ki sAdhaka ko aSTAMgika mArga kA Azraya lenA cAhie, kyoMki aisA nahIM karane para vaha prathama bhUmi jo ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pahalI sIr3hI hai usa para hI ArUr3ha nahIM ho paayegaa|89 anAgAmIbhUmi anAgAmI arthAt punaH janma na lenevaalaa| dIghanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki pA~ca avarabhAgIya saMyojanoM ke kSaya se devatA ho devaloka se na lauTanevAlA (jIva) anAgAmI kahalAtA hai| 91tAtparya hai ki anAgAmIbhUmi meM sAdhaka srotApannabhUmi aura sakRdAgAmIbhUmi dono bandhanoM ko kATa dene para mitra anAgAmI bana jAtA hai| vaha na to saMsAra meM janma letA hai aura na kisI divyaloka meN|92 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra- isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka satkAyadRSTi, vicikitsA aura zIlavrata-parAmarza Adi tIna saMyojanoM tathA sakRdAgAmI bhUmi ke kAmarAga aura pratidha Adi do saMyojanoM ko, yAnI ina pA~ca saMyojanoM ko naSTa kara detA hai taba vaha anAgAmIbhUmi ko prApta karatA hai| sAdhanAtmaka dRSTi se sAdhaka kA kArya isa bhUmi meM yaha hotA hai ki vaha zeSa pA~ca udbhAgIya saMyojana rUpa rAga, arUpa rAga, mAna, auddhatya tathA avidyA ko naSTa kre| jaba sAdhaka ina pA~coM saMyojanoM kA bhI nAza kara detA hai taba vaha vikAsa kI agrima bhUmikA arhatAvasthA ko prApta karatA hai| isa anAgAmI bhUmi ko prApta sAdhaka yadi vikAsa kI dizA meM Age nahIM bar3ha pAtA hai to mRtyu ko prApta hone para brahmaloka meM janma lekara vahIM se sIdhe nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai| use puna: isa loka meM janma lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii|93 arhatAvasthA vyaktigata nirvANa pada kI prApti arhat kA pradhAna dhyeya hai| isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka uparyukta daso saMyojanoM4 yA bandhanoM ko tor3akara arhatAvasthA ko prApta kara letA hai| samasta

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 263 bandhanoM yA saMyojanoM ke naSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa usake samasta klezoM yA duHkhoM kA prahanana ho jAtA hai aura vaha kRtArtha ho jAtA hai arthAt use kucha bhI karaNIya nahIM rahatA, phalataH vaha saMgha kI sevA ke lie kriyAe~ karatA hai / 95 uparyukta cAra bhUmiyoM ke atirikta milindapaJha meM citta kI avasthAoM kA varNana karate hue citta kI sAta bhUmiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jinameM cAra to uparyukta hI hai| zeSa tIna isa prakAra hai- saMklezacittabhUmi, pratyekabuddhabhUmi aura samyaksambuddha bhUmi / 16 saMklezacittabhUmi yaha bhUmi ajJAna kI bhUmi hai, kyoMki isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka rAga, dveSa, moha evaM kleza se yukta hotA hai| rAga, dveSa, moha aura kleza vyakti ko bandhana meM DAlane meM pramukha kAraNa banate haiM, kyoMki inake kAraNa hI vyakti apane sva-svarUpa ko bhUla jAtA hai| vaha sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanAoM ko hI apanA sukha evaM vaibhava mAnatA hai| isa prakAra vaha apanI tRSNA ko bar3hAtA rahatA hai| tRSNA ajJAnatAvaza hI hotI hai aura vyakti jitanA adhika isameM ramatA jAtA hai vaha sAMsArika bandhanoM meM ba~dhatA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn buddha vyakti se saMklezabhUmi rUpI ajJAna ko buddhatva ke prakAza se naSTa karane ko kahate haiN| pratyekabuddhabhUmi sphUrti se jisake saba tattva parisphurita ho jAte haiM, jise tattvazikSA ke lie kisI bhI guru ke paratantra nahIM honA par3atA, vahI pratyekabuddha nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA haiN|97 isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka svayaM apanA svAmI hotA hai / pratyekabuddha kA pada arhat aura bodhisatva ke bIca kA hotA hai / 98 yaha avasthA samyak sambodhi- paramajJAna se nimna koTi kI mAnI jAtI hai| samyaksambuddhabhUmi samyak sambuddha kA artha hotA hai - paramajJAnI / dIghanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka arhat samyak - sambuddha (paramajJAnI), vidyA AcaraNa se yukta, sugata, lokavid, puruSoM ke damana karane meM anupama cAbuka - savAra, devatAoM aura manuSyoM ke upadezaka buddha (jJAnI) bhagavAn haiM / 99 yaha sarvajJatA kI sthiti hotI hai /

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264 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana dasa bhUmiyA~ mahAyAna sampradAya ne buddhatva yA nirvANa kI prApti ke lie dasa bhUmiyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| eka bhami ko pAra kara lene para bodhisatva agalI bhUmi meM padArpaNa karatA hai aura dhIre-dhIre AdhyAtmika vikAsa prApta kara buddhatva pada para ArUr3ha hotA hai| yadyapi bauddha granthoM meM kahIM-kahIM dasa se adhika bhUmiyoM kI saMkhyA batAyI gayI hai| yathA-laMkAvatArasUtra meM dharmameghA aura tathAgata bhUmiyoM ko alaga-alaga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|100 dasabhUmikasUtram 01 ke anusAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa bhUmiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM1. pramuditA 2. vimalA 3. prabhAkarI 4. arciSmatI 5. sudurjayA 6. abhimukhI 7. dUraMgamA 8. acalA 9. sAdhumati 10. dharmameghA! pramuditA prakRSTa-moda yAnI prakRSTa Ananda kI upalabdhi hone ke kAraNa hI isa bhUmi ko pramuditA kahA jAtA hai| isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka apanI indriyoM ko apane vaza meM kara letA hai| phalata: vaha nimna pA~ca prakAra ke bhayoM se mukta ho jAtA hai- 1. jIvikA 2. nindA 3. mRtyu 4. durgati tathA 5. prissd|102 dUsarI bhASA meM sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM zIla-pArimitA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| vaha apane zIla ko vizuddha karatA hai, sUkSma aparAdha bhI nahIM krtaa| phalataH sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM pahale-pahala sambodhi ke prApta karane kI abhilASA utpanna hotI hai| isI ko bodhicitta kA utpAda kahate haiN| isa prakAra sAdhaka pRthakjana (sAdhAraNa jana) kI koTi se nikala kara tathAgata ke kuTumba meM praveza karatA hai| buddha aura bodhisatvoM ke gauravapUrNa kAryoM ko smaraNa karake usakA hRdaya Ananda se praphullita ho jAtA hai| phalata: sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM mahAkaruNA kA udaya hotA hai aura vaha dasa mahApraNidhAna vrata ke sampAdana kA saMkalpa karatA hai| jo isa prakAra hai

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 1. pratyeka deza meM aura saba taraha se buddha kI pUjA krnaa|103 2. sabhI buddhoM ke dvArA kahe gaye saddharmoM kA rakSaNa krnaa|104 3. tuSita bhavana meM avasthAna se mahAparinirvANaparyanta buddha ne jina kAryoM kA anuSThAna kiyA unakA anuSThAna kara nirvANAbhimukha honaa|105 4. sabhI bhUmiyoM kA parizodhana karanA, jisase cittotpAda ho ske|106 5. sabhI prANiyoM kA AdhyAtmika-paripAka sampAdana karanA,jisase buddhoM ke dvArA nirdiSTa dharma meM praveza lAbha kara sake aura sarvajJa-jJAna meM pratiSThAna prApta kre|107 6. sabhI loka dhAtuoM ke prakAra bheda kI avagati kraanaa|108 7. sabhI buddhakSetroM kA parizodhana krnaa|109 8. mahAyAna meM praveza krnaa|110 9. sabhI bodhisatvacaryA ke anurUpa anuSThAna karanA evaM sabhI ceSTAe~ avyartha krnaa|111 10. abhisambodhimahAjJAna evaM abhijJA niSpAdana krnaa|1122 vimalA sAdhaka kA kisI taraha ke mala se sambandha kA na honA vimalA kahalAtA hai| isa bhUmi meM avasthita bhAvI bodhisatva ke sabhI nIti evaM zIla kI abhyunnati hotI hai| ve dasa prakAra ke kuzala karmapatha ke dvArA sampanna hote haiN| ve daza kuzala karmapathara 13 nimnalikhita haiM- 1. prANAtipAta se prativirati, 2. caurya se prativirati, 3. kAma evaM mithyAcAra se prativirati, 4. amRtavacana se prativirati, 5. pizunavacana se prativirati, 6. karkazavacana se prativirati, 7. asambaddha athavA nirarthaka pralApa se prativirati, 8. lobha se prativirati, 9. IrSyA tyAga aura 10. kudRSTi tyaag| ina dasa karmapatha meM se kramaza: prathama tIna zarIra, cAra vacana tathA tIna mana se sambandhita haiN| sAdhaka ina dazavidha kuzala karmapatha kA vizeSa rUpa se anusaraNa karate hue apane cittAzaya kI ora bhI kramika abhyunnati sampAdita karatA hai| 114 isa bhUmi meM avasthAna karanevAle sAdhaka (bodhisatva) aisA anubhava karate haiM ki unakI dRSTi meM AbhAsita asaMkhya buddha mahAtyAga evaM zIla

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 266 pAramitA kI pavitratA lAbha karane meM samartha hote haiN| sAtha hI bhAvIbodhisatva ke priyavAditA evaM zIlapAramitA rUpa guNa pradhAna rUpa se prAdurbhUta hote haiM / 115 prabhAkarI sAdhaka AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora agrasara hote hue tRtIya bhUmi meM praveza karatA hai, jise prabhAkarI ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| isa bhUmi meM avasthAna kiyA huA sAdhaka indra kI bhA~ti ho jAtA hai tathA dazavidha cittAzaya meM daza prakAra ke manaskAra se yukta hokara vicaraNa karatA hai, taba usakI parigaNanA nimna rUpa se kI jAtI hai1. zuddha cittAzaya meM manaskAra, 2. sthira cittAzaya meM manaskAra, 3. nirviccittAzaya meM manaskAra, 4. avirAga cittAzaya meM manaskAra, 5. dRr3ha cittAzaya meM manaskAra, 6. utaptacittAzaya meM manaskAra 7. avinivarta cittAzaya meM manaskAra 8. atirikta cittAzaya meM mnskaar|116 sAtha hI vaha cintana karatA hai ki vastu kI sabhI utpannAvasthAe~ anitya, duHkharUpa, utpAda - vinAzazIla haiM, ataH vaha sabhI duHkhI prANiyoM ko daza prakAra ke cittAzaya dvArA sampanna karatA hai taba usakI parigaNanA isa prakAra kI jAtI hai - 1. jo anAtha kA paritrANa karane meM AzrayarUpa hai 2. jo daridra kA paritrANa karane meM AzrayarUpa hai 3. jo rAga, dveSa evaM moha rUpa agni ke dvArA samapradIpta hai tathA 4. jo saMsAra rUpI kArAgAra meM Abaddha hai| 117 sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM nirantara unhIM upAyoM kA cintana karatA hai jinake dvArA pUrvokta Arta prANiyoM ko nirvANa meM pratiSThita kiyA jA ske| isa sandarbha meM dIrghakAlIna cintana ke pazcAt vaha isa niSkarSa para pahu~catA hai ki bhagavAn buddha dvArA batAyA gayA mArga tathA upadiSTa dharma hI satya hai, ata: unakA anusaraNa karanA caahie| ataH vaha pUrva meM kahe gaye dharma 118 ke dhyAna 119 meM AviSTa ho jAtA hai / phalataH use cAra prakAra kI nirAkAra sampattiyoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai jisase sAdhaka kA mana maitrI, karuNA, moda aura nirmamatva se pUrNa ho jAtA hai / 120 arciSmatI prabhAkarI bhUmi kA atikramaNa kara sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM praveza karatA hai| isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka kA AtmA, satva, jIva, poSa, pudgala, skandha dhAtu Ayatana ke sambandha meM jo abhiniveza rahatA hai vaha vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| isa sthiti meM sAdhaka kA AdhyAtmika saMsAra adhikAMzataH samRddha rahatA hai| vaha jJAna kA paripAka karA denevAle daza prakAra ke dharma dvArA sampanna hotA hai| dazavidha dharma nimnalikhita haiM- 1. apratya-dAvartyAzaya 2. triratnAbhedyaprasAdaniSThAgamana 3. saMskAradoyaNyayavibhAvana 4. sabhAvAnupatyAzayatA

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 267 5. lokapravRttityAzayatA 6. karmabhavopatyAzayatA 7. saMsAra nirvANAzayatA 8.satyakSetrakarmAzayatA 9. pUrvAntAparAntakarmAzayatA tathA 10. abhaavkssy|121 sAtha hI bhAvibodhisatva saiMtIsa prakAra ke dharma kA paripAlana karatA hai jo bodhilAbha kA anuguNa mAnA jAtA hai| anuguNa isa prakAra haiM- 1. smRti sahita cAra prakAra ke vyApAra 122- kAma, vedaMnA, citta aura dhrm| 2. cAra prakAra ke ucita prayatna123- (ka) jo vidyamAna na ho aise akuzala dharma ko utpanna na hone denA, (kha) jo akuzala dharma samUha vidyamAna haiM, unakA parihAsa karanA, (ga) jo kuzala dharma utpanna nahIM hue haiM, unakA utpAdana karanA tathA (gha) jo kuzala dharma vidyamAna haiM, unakA pUrNataH sampAdana krnaa| 3. cAra prakAra ke RddhipAda124-chanda, samAdhi prahANa, saMskAra, smnvaagt| 4. cAra nItiviSayaka sAmarthya 125 -zraddhA, vIrya, smRtisamAdhi aura prajJA 5. pA~ca prakAra ke bala 26-addhAbala, vIryabala, smRtibala, samAdhibala aura prajJAbala 6. sAta prakAra ke sambodhi aMgara 27 - smRti, dharmavijaya, vIrya, prIti, prasrabdhi, samAdhi tathA upekssaa| 7. aSTAMgika maarg|128 sudurjayA sudurjayA kA abhiprAya hai jisa para vijaya prApta karanA atyanta duSkara hai| arciSmatI nAmaka bhUmi kA atikramaNa kara sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM praveza karatA hai tathA cAra Arya satya kA yathArtha jJAna prApta karatA hai| phalata: use vibhinna prakAra ke satyoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| ve satya haiM- 1. saMvRtti satya 2. paramArtha satya 3. lakSaNa satya 4. vibhAga satya 5. nistIrNa satya 6. vastu satya 7. prabhava satya 8. kSayAnutpAda satya 9. mArgajJAnAvatAra satya tathA 10 tathAgata jJAna satya prbhRti|129 jisase usake andara sabhI prANiyoM ke lie karuNA tathA mahAmaitrI kA Aloka prAdurbhUta hotA hai| 13. isa bhUmi meM avasthAna karanevAlA bhAvibodhisatva apane mana aura prajJA meM vizeSa guNa kA AdhAna karatA hai| zAstra evaM sAhitya para adhikAra kara dAna, priyavAditA, dharmopadeza, atiprAkRta evaM alaukika-zakti ke sAmarthya se janasAdhAraNa ko vaha isa saMsAra meM kalyANa kA mArga nirdiSTa karatA hai| abhimukhI daza prakAra kI dharma samatA531 kA paricintana karane se sAdhaka ko isa bhUmi kI prApti hotI hai| sAdhaka jagata ke samasta padArthoM ko zUnya jAnane lagatA hai, usake lie saMsAra aura nirvANa meM koI antara nahIM raha jAtA hai| tAtparya hai ki sabhI dharma kAraNa, lakSaNa evaM utpatti se zUnya haiN| 132 AtmA meM abhiniveza na rahane se sabhI jAgatika kriyA

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268 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kalApa evaM vyavahAra kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai, isa satya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| 133 jaba bhAvibodhisatva ko dharmasamUha kA yathArtha svarUpa upalabdha ho jAtA hai taba vaha una saboM kI utpatti evaM vinAza ke sambandha meM adhikatara mana kA praNidhAna karatA hai| usakA mana maitrI evaM karuNA se paripUrNa ho jAtA hai| isa bhUmi meM anya pAramitAoM kI apekSA prajJApAramitA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai tathA sAdhaka prajJA-pAramitA kA hI vizeSa lAbha karatA hai| dUraGgamA ___ abhimukhI bhUmi kA atikramaNa karake sAdhaka isa bhUmi meM praveza karatA hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kI sAdhanA pUrNa ho jAtI hai| vaha nirvANa prApti ke sarvathA yogya ho jAtA hai, kintu nirvANa kI prApti se abhI dUra rahatA hai| sAdhaka kA mana Adarza-vizuddhi kA lAbha karatA hai| sAtha hI vaha anubhava karatA hai ki sabhI vastue~ nirAtma aura sattAzUnya haiM, jIva yA pudgala koI bhI vastu nahIM hai| lekina vaha cAra prakAra ke brahmavihAra ke karma kA parityAga nahIM krtaa| ve cAra karma nimna haiM- 1. maitrI, 2. karuNA, 3. muditA aura 4. upekssaa|134 isa bhUmi kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM sAdhaka daza prakAra kI pAramitA135 kA anuSThAna, cAra prakAra kI saMgraha-vastu136 kA niSpAdana, cAra prakAra ke adhiSThAnoM kI paripUrti137 tathA saiMtIsa prakAra ke bodhilAbha13 kA niSpAdana karatA hai| isameM anya pAramitAoM kI apekSA upAya kauzala pAramitA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| acalA acalA arthAt isa bhUmi meM ArUr3ha hone ke pazcAt sAdhaka kI parAvRtti hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| vicAra evaM viSaya hI citta kI caMcalatA ke kAraNa hote haiM, ata: isa bhUmi meM unakA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai| isase pUrva kI sAta bhUmiyoM meM sAdhaka prayAsa ke dvArA praveza karatA thA, lekina isa bhUmi meM usakA sabhI kArya svata: hI sampanna ho jAtA hai| isa bhUmi kA lAbha karane se pUrva bhAvibodhisatva kA hI zarIra rahatA hai 139 aura usI ke dvArA vaha bodhicaryA kA anuSThAna karatA hai, lekina isa bhUmi meM vaha zarIra ko asaMkhya kara letA hai jisake phalasvarUpa vaha bodhisatvacaryA nAmaka bala ke lAbha karane meM samartha hotA hai| isa bhUmi meM bhAvibodhisatva ke sabhI prakAra kI AdhyAtmika-samunnati kI sImA nahIM rhtii| sarvajJatA kA AvirbhAva hone ke kAraNa vaha sabhI logoM ko jAnane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| isa bhUmi kA lAbha karane para bhI bodhisatva nirvANa meM praveza nahIM kara pAtA, kyoMki nirvANa meM praveza karane para sabhI prANiyoM ke uddhAra karane kA jo bodhisatvoM kA prayAsa hotA hai, vaha samApta ho jAtA hai| isa bhUmi kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM daza pArimitAoM meM praNidhAna pAramitA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| 140

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 269 sAdhumatI jo bodhisatva (sAdhaka) isa bhUmi meM avasthAna karatA hai vaha kuzala-akuzala Adi kI niSpatti prakAra ko avitatharUpa se avagata karane meM samartha hotA hai|141 tatpazcAt sAdhaka manuSyoM ke uddhAra ke lie naye-naye upAyoM kA Alambana karatA hai, dharma kA upadeza detA hai aura bodhisatva ke cAra prakAra ke viSaya paryAlocana kA abhyAsa karatA hai| ve cAra prakAra ke paryAlocana (pratisaMvit) isa prakAra haiM-1. dharma pratisaMvid 2. artha pratisaMvid 3. nirukta pratisaMvid tathA 4. prtimaan-prtisNvid|142 dharmameghA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI yaha antima bhUmi hai| cU~ki bodhisatva ajJAna ke dvArA utpAdita klezarUpa agni ko dharmameghA rUpI varSA ke dvArA nirvAcita karate haiN| isalie isa bhUmi kA nAma dharmameghA kahalAtA hai| bodhisatva bhUmiyoM kA yaha paryavasAna hai| isameM daza prakAra kI samAdhiyA~ mahattvapUrNa hotI haiN| isa bhUmi meM jJAna pAramitA adhika pradhAnatA rakhatI hai| anta meM pUrvokta bodhisatva ko sarvajJajJAnavizeSAbhiSeka nAmaka samAdhi AvirbhUta hotI hai| bodhisatva jaba isa samAdhi kA lAbha karatA hai taba vaha mahAratnarAjapadma nAmaka Asana para upaviSTAvasthA meM dikhAI par3atA hai|143 tulanA jaina evaM bauddha donoM ne hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sopAna ko mahattva diyA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM varNita AdhyAtmika sopAnoM meM jo samAnatAe~ evaM vibhinnatAe~ haiM, ve nimnalikhita haiM 1. jaina paramparA meM AtmavikAsa ke sopAnoM ko jIvasamAsa yA guNasthAna nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai to bauddha paramparA meM bhUmi ke nAma se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| 2. jaina paramparA meM guNasthAnoM kI saMkhyA 14 (caudaha) hai,to bauddha paramparA meM hInayAniyoM ke mata meM bhUmiyoM kI saMkhyA 4 tathA mahAyAnI vicArakoM ke mata meM 10 (daza) haiN| 3. lekina donoM hI paramparAoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sopAnoM kI saMkhyA meM antara hone kA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki donoM meM vibheda hai, balki donoM hI paramparAoM meM mAnya sopAna eka-dUsare meM samAhita ho jAte haiM, yathA

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270 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (ka) jaina paramparA meM cauthe guNasthAna se lekara sAtaveM guNasthAna taka kI tulanA bauddha paramparA meM srotApanabhUmi se kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki donoM meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki ina avasthAoM meM kAmadhAtu to naSTa ho jAte haiM, parantu rUpadhAtu zeSa raha jAte haiN| (kha) jaina paramparA ke AThaveM guNasthAna se bauddha paramparA ke sakRdAgAmIbhUmi kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki donoM hI yaha mAnate haiM ki sAdhaka bandhana ke mUla kAraNa rAga-dveSa-moha kA prahANa karatA huA kramaza: kSINa-moha-guNasthAna aura anAgAmI (bauddha paramparA) bhUmi meM praviSTa karatA hai| (ga) AThaveM se bArahaveM guNasthAna kI tulanA bauddha-paramparA ke anAgAmIbhUmi se kI jA sakatI hai| jisameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka arhat pada kI prApti hetu agrasara.hotA hai| (gha) jaina paramparA ke sayogI kevalI guNasthAna tathA bauddha paramparA kI arhatAvasthA donoM hI samAna haiN| donoM vicAradhArAe~ isa bhUmi ke viSaya meM atyanta hI nikaTa haiN| isI prakAra mahAyAna paramparA meM varNita AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyoM kA bhI samAveza jaina paramparA ke 14 (caudaha) guNasthAnoM meM ho jAtA hai| jo isa prakAra haiM (ka) jaina paramparA kA paMcama evaM SaSTha viratAvirata evaM sarvavirati samyak-dRSTi aura bauddha-paramparA kI pramuditAbhUmi kI tulanA kI jA sakatI haiN| jinheM pUrNa zIla vizuddhi kI avasthA kahA gayA hai| (kha) jaina paramparA kA apramatasaMyatta gaNasthAna aura bauddha paramparA kI vimalA aura prabhAkarI bhUmi eka samAna hai| jisameM anaitika AcaraNa se pUrNatayA mukta hone tathA jJAnarUpI prakAza loka meM phailAne para bala diyA gayA hai| (ga) apUrvakaraNa AThavA~ guNasthAna tathA arciSmatIbhUmi donoM hI klezAvaraNa tathA jJeyAvaraNa ke dAha kI avasthA hai| (gha) AThaveM se gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka tathA sudurjayAbhUmi donoM ko hI sAdhanA ke vikAsa kI atyanta hI duSkara avasthA mAnA gayA hai| (Ga) jisa prakAra bArahaveM guNasthAna kI prApti ke antima caraNa meM sAdhaka mokSa prapti ke yogya ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra dUraMgamAbhUmi meM sAdhaka nirvANa prApti ke yogya ho jAtA hai|

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 271 (ca) sayogI kevalI nAmaka terahaveM guNasthAna ke samakakSa acalA, sAdhumatI tathA dharmamedhA nAmaka bhUmiyA~ haiN| 4. guNasthAnoM tathA bhUmiyoM donoM kI isa bAta se sahamati hai ki sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama samyak-dRSTi kA lAbha jarUrI hai, taba jAkara vizuddha jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| tatpazcAt kleza yA kaSAyoM kA nivAraNa hotA hai| itanA hone para hI sarvottama jJAna kevala jJAna yA sarvajJatva kA lAbha hotA hai| 5. kleza nivAraNa kI prakriyA meM upazama aura kSaya meM donoM sarvasammata haiN| donoM paramparAoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki upazama kI prakriyA meM upazAnta doSa jaba apanA kArya karanA zuru karatA hai taba patana hotA hai aura aisA patana kSaya kI prakriyA meM sambhava nahIM hotaa| ata: donoM paramparAoM kI yaha mAnyatA to spaSTa hai ki binA samyak-dRSTi ke yoga-sAdhanA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sAdhaka kA praveza asambhava hai| sandarbha >> >> >> mokkhapAhaDa 4 tathA, bahirAtmA zarIrAdau jAtAtmabhrAntirAMtaraH / cittadoSAtmavibhrAnti: paramAtmA'tinirmala: / / smaadhitNtr-5| AcArAMga 1/3-5 mokkhapAhuDa 5,9 vahI 5,6,12 jaina dharma-darzana, pR0-493 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ,pR0-449 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA, 1211-1214 sthAnAMga-14, karmagrantha, bhAga 2/2 anye tu mithyAdarzanAdibhAvapariNato bAhyAtmA, samyagdarzanAdipariNatastvantarAtmA, kevalajJAnAdipariNatastu prmaatmaa| tatrAdyaguNasthAnatraye bAhyAtmA, tataH paraM kSINamohaguNasthAnaM yaavdntraatmaa| tata: parantu prmaatmeti| adhyAtmamataparIkSA, 125 dekhie-AdhyAtmika vikAsa-krama, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pR0- 55 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana,pR0 455 gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa-17 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0,45| gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 2 10. 11. 12. 13.

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272 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana NAGS U 24. - 25. 26. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM ko tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0- 463 / / vahI, pR0-466 jaina dharma-darzana, pR0-498 vahI, pR0- 49 gommaTasAra, gAthA 61 jaina dharma-darzana, pR0- 50 jJAnasAra tyAgASTaka (uddhRta-darzana evaM cintana, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI), pR0-275 / / sacchraddhAsaMgato bodho dRSTirityabhidhIyate / asatpravRttivyAghAtAt satpravRttipadAvahaH / yogadRSTisamuccaya, 17 sameghAmegharAjyAdau sagrahAdyarbhakAdivat / odhadRSTiriha jJeyA mithyAdRSTItarAzrayA / vahI, 14 tRNagomayakASThAgnikaNadIpraprabhopamA / ratnatArArkacandrAbhA sadRSTeTTaSTiTaraSTadhA / / vahI, 15 tRNagomayakASThAgnikaNadIpraprabhopamA / ratnatArArkacandrAbhAH krameNekSvAdisatribhA / / yogAvatAra dvAtriMzikA, 26 mitrA-tArA-balA-dIprA-sthirA-kAntA-prabhA-parA / nAmAni yogadRSTInAM lakSaNaM ca nibodhata / / yogadRSTisamuccaya, 13 vahI, 70 pratipAtayutAzcAdyAzcatasro nottarAstathA / sApAyA'pi caitAstatpratipAtena netarA: / / vahI,19 mitrA dvAtriMzikA- 1 karoti yoga bIjAnAmupAdAnamiha sthitH| avandhyamokSahetUnAmiti yogavido viduH|| yogadRSTisamuccya, 22 jineSu kuzalaM cittaM tatramaskAra eva ca / praNAmAdi ca saMzuddhaM yogabIjamanuttamam // vahI, 23 AcAryAdiSvapi hyetadvizuddhaM bhAvayogiSu / vaiyAvRttyaM ca vidhivacchuddhAzayavizeSataH // vahI, 26 lekhanA pUjanA dAnaM zravaNaM vacanodgraha / prakAzanAtha svAdhyAyazcintA bhAvaneti ca // vahI, 28 tArAyAM tu manAkspaSTaM, niyamazca tathAvidhaH / anudvego hitArambhe jijJAsA tattvagocarA / / vahI, 41 vahI, 46 adhyAtmatattvAloka, 46 tathA bhavatyasyAmavibhinnAprItiyogakathAsu ca / yathAzaktyupacArazca bahumAnazca yogiSu / / tArAdvAtriMzikA, 6 27. 28. 30. 31.

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32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ yogadRSTisamuccaya, 47 vahI, 48 bhayaM nAtIva bhavajaM kRtyahAnirna cocite / tathAnAbhogato'pyuccairna cApyanucitakriyA | vahI 45 sukhAsanasamAyuktaM balAyAM darzanaM dRr3ham / parA ca tattvazuzrUSA na kSepo yogagocaraH / / vahI, 49 kAntakAntAsametasya divyageyazrutau yathA / yUno bhavati zuzrUSA tathAsyAM tattvagocarA / vahI, 52 zrutAbhAve'pi bhAve'syAH zubhabhAvapravRttitaH / phalaM karmakSayAkhyaM syAt parabodhanibandhanam / vahI, 54 pariSkAragataH prAyo vighAto'pi na vidyate / avighAtazca sAvadyaparihArAnmahodayaH // vahI, 56 asAdhutRSNAtvarayorabhAvAvAt sthiraM sukhaM cAsanamAvirasti | adhyAtmatattvAloka, 3/98 prANAyAmavatI dIprA na yogotthAnavatyalam / tattvazravaNasaMyuktA sUkSmabodhavivarjitA / yogadRSTisamuccaya, 57 recanAdddbAhya bhAvanAmantarbhAvasya pUraNAt / kumbhanAnnizcitArthasya prANAyAmazca bhAvataH / tArAdvAtriMzikA 19 prANebhyo'pi gururdharmaH satyAmasyAmasyAmasaMzayam / prANAMstyajati dharmArthaM na dharmaM prANasaMkaTe // yogadRSTisamuccaya, 58 naitadvatau'yaM tattattve kadAcitupajAyate / vahI, 68 avedhasaMvedha padAbhidheyau mithyAtvadoSAzaya ucyate sma / ugrodaye tatra vivekahInA adhogatiM sUr3hadhiyo vrajanti / adhyAtmatattvAloka, 109 bhavAmbhodhisamuttArAt karmavajravibhedataH / jJeya vyAptezca kAtsrtsnyena sUkSmatvaM nAyamanna tu // yogadRSTisamuccaya, 66 avedyasaMvedyapadaM satsaMgAgamayogataH / taburgagatipradaM jaiyaM paramAnanda mibbhatA || tArAdvAtriMzikA, 32 evaM vivekino dhIrAH pratyAhAraparAstathA / dharmabAdhAparityAgayatnavantazca tattvataH // yogadRSTisamuccaya, 157 Natthi mama ko vi moho bujjhadi uvaoga eva ahamikko / taM mohaNimmamattaM samayassa viyANayA viMti // samayasAra, 36 ahamekko khula suddho daMsaNaNANamaio sadAruvI / vi asthi majjha kiMcivi aNNaM paramANumittaM pi / vahI, 38 sthirAyAM darzanaM nityaM pratyAhAravadeva ca / kRtyamabhrAntamanaghaM sUkSmabodhasamanvitam / yogadRSTisamuccaya, 153 273

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274 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 51. 56. 58 kAntAyAmetadanyeSAM prItaye dhAraNA parA / ato'tra nAnyamunnityaM mImAMsAsti hitodaya / vahI, 161 asyAM tu dharmamAhAtmyAtsamAcAravizuddhitaH / priyo bhavati bhUtAnAM dharmaikAgramanAstathA / / vahI, 162 53. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / / siddhyasiddhyoH samo. bhUtvA samatvaM yoga ucyte|| zrImadbhagavatadagItA, 2/47-48 54. dhyAnapriyA prabhA prAyo nAsyAM rUgata eva hi / tattvapratipattiyutA vizeSeNa zamAnvitA // yogadRSTisamuccaya, 160 sattravRttipadaM cehaasNgaanusstthaansNjnyitm|| mahApathaprayANaM yadanAgAmipadAvaham / / vahI, 174 prazAMtavAhitAsaMjJaM visabhAgaparikSayaH / zivavartma dhruvAdhveti yogibhirgIyate hyadaH / / vahI, 175 57. nirAcArapadohyasyAmaticAravivarjitaH / / ArUr3hArohaNAbhAvagativattvasya ceSTitam / / vahI, 178 kSINadoSo'tha sarvajJaH sarvalabdhiphalAnvitaH / paraM parArthaM sampAdya tato yogAntamaznute / / vahI, 184 ___ adhyAtma bhAvanA dhyAnaM samatA vRtisaMkSayaH / / mokSaNa yojanAdyoga eSa zreSTho yathottaram / / yogabindu, 31 aucityAd vRttayuktasya vacanAttattvacintanam / / maitryAdisAramatyantemadhyAtmaM tadvido viduH / vahI, 357 61. vahI, 358 maitrI-pramoda-kAruNya-mAdhyasthAni niyojayet / dharma-dhyAnamupaskartuM taddhi tasya rasAyanam // yogazAstra, 4/117 bhAvazcittAbhiprAya: / uttarAdhyayana (TIkA), 29/22 64. bhAvyate'nayeti bhaavnaa| AvazyakasUtra (TIkA, haribhadra) ,5 abhyAso vRddhimAnasya bhAvanA buddhisNgtH| nivRttirazubhAbhyAsAdbhAvavRddhizca ttphlm| yogabhedadvAtriMzikA,9 tathA dekheM yoga bindu, 359 bhAvanAjogazuddhappA jale dAvA va AhiyA / gAvA va tIrasampannA, satvadukkhAti udvaI / / sUtrakRtAMga, 1/15/5 tAzca saMvegavairAgyayamaprazamasiddhaye / AlAnitA mana:stambhe munibhirmoktumicchabhiH / / jJAnArNava, 2/6 68. saMvegavairAgyArtham / tattvArthasUtra, 7/7 69. ekAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam / tattvArthasUtra, 9/27 60. 63. 65.

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 76. zubhaikAlambanaM cittaM dhyAnamAhurmanISiNaH / sthirapradIpasadRzaM sUkSmAbhogasamanvitam // yogabindu, 361 jhANajogaM samAhaTu kAyaM viusejje svvso| titikkhaM paramaMNa naccA AmokkhAe privvejjaasi| sUtrakRtAMga,1/8/436 tathA dhyAnacittanirodhalakSaNaM dharmadhyAnadikaM tatra yogo viziSTamanokavAkkAya-vyApArastaM dhyAnayogam // vahI, (TIkA) avidyAkalpiteSUccairiSTAniSTeSu vastuSu / saMjJAnAt tadvayudAsena samatA samatocyate / / yogabindu, 363 tathA vyavahArakudRSTyauccairiSTAniSTeSu vastuSu / kalpiteSu vivekena, tattvadhI: smtocyte| yogabhedadvAtriMzikA, 22 Rddhyapravartana~ caiva suukssmkrmkssystthaa| apekSAtantuvicchedaH phalamasyA: pracakSate / / yogabindu, 364 amandAnanda-janane sAmyavAriNi majjatAm / jAyate sahasA puMsAM rAga-dveSa-mala-kSaya: / / yogazAstra, 4/50 samatvamavalambyArtha dhyAnaM yogI sAmAzrayet / vinA samatvamArabdhe dhyAne svAtmA viDambayate / / vahI, 4/112 rAgAdidhvAntavidhvaMse, kRte saamaayikaaNshunaa| svasmin svarUpaM pazyanti yoginaH paramAtmanaH // vahI, 4/53 vikalpasyandarUpANAM vRttInAmanyajanmanAm / apunarbhAvato rodha: procyate vRttisaMkSaya: // yogabhedadvAtriMzikA, 25 pallavAdyapunarbhAvo na skandhApagame taroH / / syAnmUlApagame yadvat tadvat bhvtrorpi|| yogabindu, 407 ato'pi kevalajJAnaM zailezIsamparigrahaH / mokSaprAptiranAbAdhA sadAnandavidhAyanI / / vahI, 366 upAyatve'tra pUrveSAmantya evAvaziSyate / / tatpaJcamaguNasthAnAdupAyo'rvAgiti // yogabhedadvAtriMzikA, 31 adhyAtmika vikAsakrama, pR0- 48 milindapaJha, 2/1/8 satkAyadRSTi vicikitsA aura zIlavrata praamrsh| dIrghanikAya (anu0 paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana), pR0- 57 bauddhadarzana mImAMsA, pR0- 103 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, pR0-472 dIrghanikAya, pR0- 57 bauddha darzana-mImAMsA,pR0- 104 77. 78. 79. 80. 84. 87. 88.

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276 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana h m lh sh 94. 96. 27. 89. dIrghanikAya, pR0- 58 satkAyadRSTi, vicikitsA, zIlavrata parAmarza, kAmachanda aura vyaapaad| dIrghanikAya, pR0- 127 bauddhadarzana mImAMsA,pR0- 104 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2 pR0-473 1. sakkAyadiTThi 2. vicikacchA 3. sIlavrata parAmAsa 4. kAmarAga 5. paTIgha 6. rUparAga 7. arUparAga 8. mAna 9. uddhava 10. aviccA / vizuddhimArga, bhAga-2, pariccheda 22, pR0- 271 95. cullavagga, 414 milindapaha, 4/1/3 bauddhadarzana mImAMsA, pR0- 104 98. vahI, 99. dIrghanikAya (anu0 - rAhula sAMkRtyAyana), pR0- 127 100. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0, 474 101. dazabhUmikasUtram, pR0- 1 102. yadidamAjIvikAbhayaM vA azlokabhayaM vA maraNabhayaM -----ato'sya azlokabhayaM na bhvti| AtmadRSTivigamAcca ...--- maraNabhayaM na bhvti| mRtasyaiva meM niyataM - ---durgatibhayaM na bhvti| nAsti meM kazyidAzayena---- parSacchAradhabhayaM na bhvti| evaM srvbhytraascchmbhittvromhrssaapgtH|| vahI, pR0- 9 103. mahApUjopasthAnAya prathamaM mhaaprnnidhaanmbhinirhrti| vahI, pR0- 10 104. sarva tathAgatabhASitadharmanetrI saMdhAraNAya sarvabuddhabodhisattvasuparigrahAya sarvasamyaksaMbuddhazAsanaparirakSaNAya----buddhotpAdasaddharmaparigrahAya dvitiiym| vahI tuSitabhavanavAsamAdiM kRtvA--yAvanmahAparinirvANopasaMkramaNAya tRtiiym| vahI, pR0-10 sarvabhUmiparizodhanam ------cittotpAdAbhinirhArAya cturthm| vahI, pR0- 10 107. sarvasattvadhAtuparipAcanAya sarvabuddhadharmAvatAraNAya..... sarvajJajJAnapratiSThApanAya -- pnycm| vahI, pR0- 10 108. ------lokadhAtuvaimAtryAvatAraNAya sssstthm| vahI 109. ------sarvabuddhakSetraparizodhanAya sptmm| vahI mahAyAnAvatAraNAma aSTam / vahI 111. sarvabodhisattvacaryAcaraNAya....amoghasarvaceSTatAyai navamam / 112. abhisambodhimahAjJAnAbhijJAbhinirhArAya dshmm| vahI 113. -------dazabhiH kuzalaiH karmapathaiH samanvAgato bhvti| vahI, pR0- 15 114. vahI, pR0-15-16 khy n mA 110.

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AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmiyA~ 277 115. tasya caturthya: saMgrahavastubhyaH priyavadyatA atiriktatamA bhvti| dazabhya: pAramitAbhyaH zIlapAramitA'tiriktatamA bhvti| vahI, pR0- 18 116. dazabhizcittAzayamanaskArairAkramati----atRptacittAzayamanaskAreNa c| vahI, pR0- 19 117. sattvAnAmantike daza cittAzayAnupasthApayati---bhavacArakAvaruddhapratizaraNacittAzayatAM c---| vahI, pR0- 19 118. dharmArAmo dharmarato------dharmatrANo dhrmaanudhrmcaarii| vahI, pR0- 20 119. so'syAM prabhAkaryAM------caturtha dhyAnamupasaMpadya vihrti| vahI, pR0- 20 120. maitrIsahagatena------cittena vihrti| vahI, pR0 - 21 121. vahI, pR0- 24 122. vahI, pR0- 24 123. vahI, pR0- 24 124. chandasamAdhiprahANasaMskArasamanvAgataM RddhipAdaM bhAvayati / vahI, pR0- 24 125. vahI, pR0-24 126. zraddhAbalaM bhAvayati--vIryabalaM--smRtibalaM--samAdhibalaM--prajJAbalaM-- / vahI, pR0- 24 127. smRtisambodhyaGga----- dharmapravicaya,------vIrya,---------prIti,----- prasrAbdhi,------- samAdhi,------upekSA------| vahI, pR0- 24 128. vahI, pR0- 24 129. vahI, pR0- 27 130. tasya bhUyasyA mAtrayA sattveSu mahAkaruNA abhimukhIbhavati, mahAmaitryAlokazca praadurbhvti| vahI, pR0-27 131. daza prakAra kI samatAe~ nimna haiM- 1. atItabuddhadharmavizuddhyAzayasamatayA 2.anAgatabuddhadharmavizuddhyAzayasamatayA 3. pratyutpannabuddhardhamavizuddhyAzayasamatayA 4. zIla vizuddhayAzayasamatayA 5. cittavizuddhyAzayasamatayA 6. dRSTikAGkSAvimativilekhApanayanavizuddhyAzayasamatayA 7. mArgAmArgajJAnavizuddhyAzayasamatayA 8. pratipatprahANajJAnavizuddhyAzayasamatayA 9. sarvabodhipakSyadharmottarottaravibhAvanavizuddhyAzayasamatayA 10. srvsttvpripaacnvishuddhyaashysmtyaa| vahI, pR0- 27 132. sa dazabhirdharmasamatAbhiravatarati------sarvadharmAjAtatayA c------| vahI, pR0-31 133. vahI,pR0-31 . 134. nairaatmyniHsttvnirjiivnisspudgltaaN-------notsRjti| vahI, pR0- 36 / 135. daza pAramitA nimnalikhita haiM- 1. dAna pAramitA 2. zIla pAramitA 3. kSAnti pAramitA 4. vIrya 5. dhyAna 6. prajJA 7. upAya kauzala 8. praNidhAna 9. bala aura 10. jJAna / 136. cAra saMgraha vastu-dAna, priyavacana, artha kriyA tathA smaanaarthtaa| 137. cAra adhiSThAna- satya, tyAga, upazama tathA prjnyaa|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 140. saiMtisa prakAra ke bodhilAbha kA pahale varNana A cukA hai| pUrvamekakAyAbhinirhAratayA ---- bodhisattvacaryAbalaM samudAgacchati / vahIM, pR0 - 43 tasya dazabhyaH pAramitAbhyaH --- atiriktatamA bhavati / vahI, pR0 48 141. so'syAM sAdhumatyAM-- - yathAbhUtaM prajAnAti / vahI, pR0 49 dharmapratisaMvidA-- --bhUmimaparyantAkAreNa nirdizati // vahI, pR0-52 142. 143. sa tasya sarvajJAnavizeSAbhiSekavataH ---- mahAratnarAjapadme niSaNNaH saMdRzyate / vahI, pR0-55 278 138. 139.

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aSTama adhyAya bandhana evaM mokSa bandhana evaM mokSa dArzanika cintana jagata meM eka aisA pratyaya hai jisakI carcA prAya: sabhI cintana paramparA evaM dharmoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai| AtmA aura zarIra kA eka sAtha honA bandhana tathA eka-dUsare se alaga honA mokSa kahalAtA hai| asaMsArI tathA avikArI AtmA zarIra saMyoga tathA vikArI banakara nAnA prakAra ke duHkhoM ko sahana karatI hai tathA karma-prabhAva se vibhinna yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatI rahatI hai| jaisA ki tulasIdAsa ne kahA hai- "janamata marata dusaha duHkha hoI," arthAt janma lene ke samaya aura marane ke samaya asahanIya pIr3A hotI hai| ata: janma-maraNa hI sabhI duHkhoM kI jananI hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha AtmA una bandhanoM ko puruSArthahIna banakara na cupacApa sahatI AyI hai,balki unheM tor3ane ke prayatna sadA-sarvadA karatI rahatI hai| bandhana evaM mokSa kI sthiti AtmA yA jIva ke lie usI prakAra hai, jisa prakAra sUrya kA bAdaloM se r3haka jaanaa| jaba taka sUrya bAdaloM se ghirA rahatA hai, taba taka usakI prakAza kiraNeM nahIM dikhAI par3atI haiM, ThIka vaise hI jIva kA cetanA rUpI prakAza avidyA aura ajJAna rUpI kAle bAdaloM se ghirA rahatA hai| jIva kI yaha avasthA hI bandhana kI avasthA hai| jaba ajJAnatA aura avidyA rUpI bAdala jJAna ke prabhAva se naSTa ho jAte haiM taba jIva ko pUrva sthiti arthAt mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| jaina paramparA meM bandhana evaM mokSa AtmA kA anAtmA se, jar3a kA cetana se, deha kA dehI se saMyoga hI bandhana hai| yahA~ prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yaha sambandha kaise aura kyoM hotA hai? uttarasvarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai ki karma-vargaNA yA karma-paramANu jo eka bhautika dravya hai, se AtmA kA sambandhita honA hI bandhana hai| jaisAki umAsvAti ne kahA haikaSAyabhAva ke kAraNa jIva kA karma-pagaloM se AkrAnta ho jAnA hI bandhana hai| isI prakAra karmagrantha meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA jisa zakti vizeSa se karma-paramANuoM ko AkarSita kara unheM ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke rUpa meM jIva-pradezoM se sambandhita rakhatI hai tathA karma

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280 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana paramANu aura AtmA paraspara eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM, vaha bandhana hai| yaha prakriyA vaise hI hotI hai jisa prakAra dIpaka apanI uSmA zakti ke dvArA tela ko AkarSita kara use lau rUpI zarIra meM badala detA hai| ThIka isI prakAra AtmA rUpI dIpaka apane rAgabhAvarUpI uSmA ke kAraNa kriyA rUpI battI ke dvArA karma-paramANu rUpI tela ko AkarSita kara use apane zarIra rUpI lau meM badala detI hai| vastutaH dekhA jAe to zarIra hI bandhana kA kAraNa hai| yahA~ zarIra kA tAtparya liMga-zarIra, karma-zarIra yA sakSma zarIra se hai| zarIra aura AtmA kA sambandha anAdi hai| vyAvahArika jagata me bhI dekhA jAe to jahA~ AtmA hai vahA~ zarIra hai aura jahA~ zarIra hai vahA~ AtmA hai| donoM kA sambandha dUdha aura pAnI kI bhA~ti hai| yadyapi donoM kA svarUpa alaga-alaga hai, kintu anantAnanta kAla se zarIra meM AtmA kA nivAsa rahA hai| eka zarIra chor3A to dUsarA mila gayA, dUsarA chor3A to tIsarA mila gyaa| yaha prakriyA calatI rahatI hai| karma ke bandhana hetu jIva yA AtmA ko kahIM jAnA nahIM par3atA, balki sAre loka meM karma-paramANu bikhare par3e haiM jo moha rUpI cikanAhaTa ke kAraNa jIva yA AtmA se cipakate haiN| AtmA meM rAga-bhAva se kriyAeM hotI haiM, kriyAoM se karma-paramANaoM kA Asrava (AkarSaNa) hotA hai aura karmAsrava se karmabandha hotA hai| yaha bandhana kI prakriyA karmoM ke svabhAva (prakRti), mAtrA, kAla, maryAdA aura tIvratA-ina cAroM bAtoM kA nizcaya kara sampanna hotI hai|' bandhana ke prakAra bandhana ke mukhyata: do prakAra haiM- bhAvabandha evaM drvybndh| jina rAga-dveSa aura vikArI bhAvoM se karma kA bandhana hotA hai una bhAvoM ko bhAvabandha kahate haiM tathA karma-pudgala aura Atmapradeza ke paraspara sambandha ko dravyabandha kahate haiN| isake atirikta bhI jaina-paramparA meM cAra prakAra ke bandha batAye gaye haiM-prakRtibandha, pradezabandha, sthitibandha aura anubhaagbndh| prakRtibandha-prakRti arthAt svabhAva ke bandhane ko prakRtibandha kahate haiN| yathA-jJAna ko DhaMkane kA svabhAva, sukha-duHkha anubhava karAne kA svabhAva ityaadi| tAtparya hai ki karma ke dvArA AtmA kI jJAnazakti, darzanazakti, vIryazakti Adi kisa zakti kA AvaraNa hogA, isa bAta kA nirdhAraNa karma kI prakRti karatI hai| jaise jJAna ko AvRta karane ke svabhAvavAlA karma-pudgala jJAnAvaraNa karma hai, aise hI sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAne ke svabhAvavAlA karma-pudgala vedanIya karma hai| isa prakAra kAryabheda ke AdhAra para karma kI mUla prakRtiyA~ ATha bhAgoM me vibhakta haiM- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura antraay|

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bandhana evaM mokSa 281 pradezabandha-yaha ekIbhAva kI vyavasthA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM pradezabandha kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yoga ke kAraNa samasta AtmapradezoM para sabhI ora se sUkSma karma-pagala Akara eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAte haiN| jisa kSetra meM Atmapradeza haiM usI kSetra meM ve pudgala Thahara jAte haiN| isI kA nAma pradezabandha hai| sthitibandha-pratyeka karma AtmA ke sAtha nizcita samaya taka hI rahatA hai| karmapudgala jIva ke sAtha kaba taka cipake raheMge aura kaba apanA phala denA prArambha kareMge, isakI kAla maryAdA bhI nirdhArita hotI hai| kAla maryAdA ke isa nirmANa ko hI sthitibandha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| anubhAgabandha-isameM phaladAna-zakti kI vyavasthA banatI hai| karmoM ke bandha evaM vipAka kI tIvratA aura maMdatA kA nizcaya hotA hai| svabhAva ke nirmANa ke sAtha hI sAtha phala cakhane kI zakti kA bhI nirmANa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra kI zakti athavA vizeSatA anubhAgabandha kahalAtI hai| bandha ke ye cAroM prakAra eka sAtha hI hote haiM, kintu AtmA ke sAtha karma-pudgaloM ke ekIbhAva kI dRSTi se pradezabandha pahale AtA hai| isake hote hI unameM svabhAva-nirmANa, kAla-maryAdA aura phala-zakti kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai| bandha ke ina cAroM prakAroM meM se prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha yoga (mana, vacana aura kAya) ke kAraNa hote haiM, kyoMki akaSAyI AtmA kA kevala yoga ke kAraNa hI karmabandha hotA hai, parantu usakA kSaNika evaM anubhAgabandha nahIM hotaa| sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kaSAya ke kAraNa hote haiN| bandhana ke kAraNa ___ saMsAra ke pratyeka kArya kA koI na koI kAraNa avazya hotA hai| ataH isa bandhana kA bhI koI kAraNa avazya hogaa| jaina paramparA meM bandhana ke pA~ca kAraNa mAne gaye haiMmithyAtva; avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yog| mithyAtva- mithyAtva yAnI ayathArtha dRssttikonn| mithyAtva dRSTivAlA laukika yaza, lAbha Adi kI dRSTi se dharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai, kyoMki usameM sva-para viveka nahIM hotaa| phalata: kalyANa mArga meM usakI samyak-zraddhA nahIM hotii| vaha aneka prakAra ke deva, guru tathA loka mUr3hatAoM ko dharma mAnatA hai| jarA-sA pralobhana se vaha sabhI anarthakArya karane ko udyata rahatA hai| jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi aura zarIra ke mada meM masta rahatA hai tathA dUsare ko tiraskRta dRSTi se dekhatA hai| yahI mithyAdRSTi hai| isake bhI pA~ca prakAra hote haiM-ekAnta, viparIta, vinaya, saMzaya aura ajnyaan|

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282 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana avirati-doSoM se virata na rahanA avirati hai| ise dUsarI bhASA meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki sadAcAra yA cAritra dhAraNa karane kI ora ruci yA pravRtti kA na honA avirati hai| isake pA~ca prakAra haiM-hiMsA, asatya, steyavRtti, maithuna aura prigrh| / __ pramAda-AtmavismaraNa arthAt kuzala kAryoM meM anAdara yA kartavya-akartavya kI smRti meM asAvadhAnI ko pramAda kahate haiN|11 isa asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa kuzala karma ke prati anAsthA to hotI hai, sAtha-hI-sAtha hiMsA kI bhUmikA bhI taiyAra hone lagatI hai, kyoMki pramAda hiMsA ke hetuoM meM pramukha heta hai| dUsare prANI kI hiMsA ho yA na ho lekina jo pramAdI vyakti hai use hiMsA doSa nizcita rUpa se lagatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke dazaveM adhyAya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa kathana para bala dete hue gaNadhara gautama ko cetAvanI dI hai ki 'samayaM goyama mA pamAyae' arthAt gautama kSaNabhara bhI pramAda mata kro| vikathA, kaSAya, rAga, viSaya-sevana, nidrA Adi pA~ca pramAda haiN|12 kaSAya-samabhAva kI maryAdA ko tor3anA kaSAya kahalAtA hai|13 krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya haiM jo AtmA ko apane zAnta aura nirvikArI svarUpa se cyuta kara dete haiN| yadyapi ye cAroM mukhyata: do hI haiM-rAga aura dvess| krodha kaSAya dveSa rUpa hotA hai| yaha dveSa kA kAraNa aura kArya bhI hotA hai| mAna yadi krodha ko utpanna karatA hai to dveSa rUpa hI hotA hai| aise hI lobha rAgarUpa hotA hai| mAyA yadi lobha ko jAgrata karatI hai to rAgarUpa hotI hai| tAtparya hai ki yaha rAga aura dveSa hI sabhI anarthoM, vyabhicAroM kI jar3a hai| ina kaSAyoM ke atirikta hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda Adi no kaSAya haiM jo AtmA meM vikArapariNati utpanna karate haiN|14 yoga- mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ko yoga kahate haiN|5 zubha yoga aura azubha yoga, yoga ke do prakAra haiN|26 zubha yoga puNyakarma kA Asrava karAtA hai aura azubhayoga pApakarma kaa| sabakA zubha cintana yAnI ahiMsaka vicAradhArA zubha manoyoga kahalAtA hai| aise hI hita, mita, priya vacana bolanA zubha vacanayoga hai aura para ko bAdhA na denevAlI yatnAcArapUrvaka pravRtti zubhakAya yoga hai| ThIka isake viparIta cintana, vacana, tathA kAryapravRtti azubha mana-vacana-kAyayoga hai|17| bandhana ke ina kAraNoM ko lekara vidvAnoM meM matabheda dekhA jAtA hai| paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ke zabdoM meM-eka paramparA ke anusAra kaSAya aura yoga ye do hI bandha ke hetu haiN| dUsarI paramparA meM mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye cAra bandha ke hetu mAne gaye haiN| ' tIsarI paramparA meM ukta cAra hetuoM meM pramAda ko bar3hAkara pA~ca bandha hetuoM kA varNana hai|18

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bandhana evaM mokSa 283 lekina saMkhyA meM bheda dikhAI dene se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki ye paraspara bhinna haiM, balki tAttvika dRSTi se ina paramparAoM meM antara nahIM hai| yadi sahI mAne meM dekhA jAe to mukhya rUpa se rAga, dveSa aura moha ye tIna hI bandhana ke mUla kAraNa haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke battIsaveM adhyAya meM rAga aura dveSa ko karmabIja kahA gayA hai tathA moha ko unakA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|19 parantu rAga aura dveSa meM rAga hI pramukha mAnA jAtA hai| jaisA ki AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai- Asakta AtmA hI karma-bandha karatI hai aura anAsakta mukta ho jAtI hai, yahI jinadeva kA upadeza hai| ata: karmoM meM Asakti mata rkho|20 rAga, dveSa aura moha paraspara eka-dUsare ke kAraNa haiN| dveSa kA kAraNa rAga hotA hai aura rAga kA kAraNa moha tathA rAga aura moha paraspara eka-dUsare ke kAraNa hote haiN| ata: jaina paramparA meM yahI tIna bandhana ke mUla kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| lekina dveSa jo rAga janita hotA hai, ko chor3a dene para zeSa rAga aura moha do hI kAraNa mukhya rUpa se raha jAte haiN| isa prakAra uparyukta sUtra se karma-vargaNAoM kA AtmA meM AsravaNa hotA hai| karmavargaNAoM kA yaha AsravaNa hI jaina cintana kI bhASA meM Asrava hai| jaisA ki tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-kAya, vacana aura mana kI kriyA yoga hai, yahI Asrava hai arthAt karma kA sambandha karAnevAlA hai|21 yoga kI pravRttiyA~ do rUpoM meM hotI haiM- zubha pravRtti aura azubha prvRtti22| zubhayoga kArya puNya-prakRtibandha aura azubha yoga kArya pApa-prakRtibandha hai| hiMsA, corI, abrahmacarya Adi kAyika vyApAra azubha kAyayoga aura dayA, dAna, brahmacarya pAlana Adi zubha kAyayoga hai| karmAsrava ke do prakAra haiM-sAmparAyika aura iiryaapthik|22 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra-AtmA kA parAbhava karanevAlA karma sAmparAyika kahalAtA hai|24 yathA-gIle camar3e para havA dvArA par3I huI raja-kaNa usase cipaka jAtI hai, vaise hI yoga dvArA AkRSTa honevAlA jo karma kaSAya ke udaya ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha hokara sthiti pA letA hai vaha sAmparAyika karmAsrava kahalAtA hai| ThIka isake viparIta sUkhI dIvAla ke Upara lage hue lakar3I ke gole kI bhA~ti yoga se AkRSTa jo karma kaSAya ke udaya na hone se AtmA ke sAtha lagakara turanta chUTa jAtA hai vaha IryApathika karmAsrava kahalAtA hai| isake pahale kSaNa meM Asrava hotA hai tathA dUsare kSaNa meM vaha nirjarita ho jAtA hai arthAt IryApathika karma kI sthiti mAtra eka samaya kI hotI hai| aisI kriyA AtmA meM koI vibhAva utpanna nahIM krtii| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra karmAsrava ke nimna do bheda haiM- 1.bhAvAsrava 2. drvyaastrv| AtmA kI vikArI manodazA bhAvAtrava hai aura karma-vargaNAoM ke AtmA me Ane kI prakriyA dravyAsrava hai| jisameM bhAvAsrava kAraNa hai tathA dravyAsrava kArya yA

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284 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana prkriyaa| dravyAsrava kA kAraNa bhAvAsrava hai, lekina yaha bhAvAtmaka parivartana bhI akAraNa nahIM hotA hai, varana pUrvabaddha karma ke kAraNa hotA hai| isa prakAra pUrvabandhana ke kAraNa bhAvAsrava tathA bhAvAsrava ke kAraNa dravyAsrava aura dravayAsrava se karma kA bandhana hotA hai|25 sAmparAyika karmAsrava ke 39 bheda batAye gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM261.pA~ca avrata- hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya tathA prigrh| 2.cAra kaSAya- krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhA 3.pA~ca indriya viSayoM kA sevana- sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cAkSuSa aura shrotr| 4.paccIsa sAmparAyika kriyAeM-nimnalikhita haiM 1. samyaktva kriyA- deva, guru va zAstra kI pUjApratipattirUpa hone se samyaktva poSaka kriyA samyaktva kriyA hai| 2.mithyAtva kriyA-mithyAtva-mohanIya karma se honevAlI sarAga deva kI stuti-upAsanA Adi mithyAtva kriyA hai| 3.prayoga kriyA-zarIra Adi dvArA jAne-Ane meM kaSAyayukta pravRtti prayoga kriyA hai| 4. samAdAna kriyA- tyAgI hote hue bhogavRtti kI ora jhukAva samAdAna kriyA hai| 5. IryApatha kriyA- eka sAmayika karma ke bandhana yA vedana kI kAraNa bhUta kriyA IryApatha kriyA hai| 1.kAyikI kriyA- kisI kArya meM duSTa bhAva se yukta hokara prayatna karanA kAyikI kriyA hai| 2. AdhikaraNikI kriyAhiMsA kI dRSTi se astra-zastra dhAraNa karane kI kriyA AdhikaraNikI kriyA hai| 3.prAdoSikI kriyA- krodha, IrSyA Adi se honevAlI kriyA prAdoSikI kriyA hai| 4.pAritApanikI kriyAprANImAtra ko kaSTa denA pAritApanikI kriyA hai| 5. prANAtipAtikI kriyA- prANiyoM ko prANoM se viyukta karane kI kriyA prANAtipAtikI kriyA hai| 1.darzanakriyA- rAgavaza ramaNIya rUpa ko dekhane kI vRtti darzanakriyA hai / 2.sparzana kriyA- pramAdavaza sparza karane yogya vastuoM ke sparza kI vRtti sparzana kriyA hai| 3.prAtyayikI kriyA- naye zastroM kA nirmANa prAtyayikI kriyA hai| 4.samantAnupAtana kriyA- strI, puruSa aura pazuoM ke jAne-Ane vAle rAste para mala-mUtra kA tyAga karanA samantAnupAtana kriyA hai| 5.anAbhoga kriyA-azuddha yAnI jisa jagaha kA avalokana aura pramArjana nahIM kiyA ho, usa sthAna para baiThanA yA zarIra rakhanA anAbhoga kriyA hai| 1. svahasta kriyA- dUsare ke karane kI kriyA ko svayaM karake dUsare ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA svahasta kriyA hai| 2. nisarga kriyA-dUsare ko pApakArI vRtti ke lie anumati denA nisarga kriyA hai| 3. vidAra kriyA-dUsare ke kiye gaye pApa kAryoM ko prakaTa karanA vidAra kriyA hai| 4. AjJAvyApAdikI kriyA- sAmarthyatA ke abhAva meM zAstrokta AjJA ke viparIta prarUpaNA karanA AjJAvyApAdikI kriyA hai| 5. anavakAMkSa kriyA-dhUrtatA evaM

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bandhana evaM mokSa Alasya se zAstrokta vidhi kA anAdara karanA anavakAMkSa kriyA hai / 1. Arambha kriyAkATane-pITane aura ghAta karane meM svayaM rata rahanA aura anya logoM meM vaisI pravRtti dekhakara prasanna honA Arambha kriyA hai / 2. pArigrahikI kriyA-parigraha kA nAza na hone ke lie kI jAnevAlI kriyA pArigrahikI kriyA hai / 3. mAyA kriyA- jJAna, darzana Adi viSaya meM dUsaroM ko ThaganA mAyA kriyA hai / 4. mithyAdarzana kriyA- mithyAdRSTi ke anukUla pravRtti karanekarAne meM prazaMsA dvArA mithyAtva ko dRr3ha karanA mithyAdarzana kriyA hai / 5. apratyAkhyAna kriyA-saMyama ghAtikarma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa pApavyApAra se nivRtta na honA apratyAkhyAna kriyA hai 27 // isa prakAra sAmparAyika Asrava kI uparyukta kriyAeM kaSAya prerita hone se bandhana kI kAraNa haiN| yadyapi dekhA jAya to ukta sabhI kriyAoM kI bandhatA yoga aura kaSAya para avalambita hai| yoga aura kaSAya hI haiM jo dUsare ke jJAna meM bAdhA pahu~cAnA, dUsare ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA, dUsare kI nindA karanA Adi, jisa-jisa prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya Adi kriyAoM meM saMlagna hotI haiM, usa usa prakAra se una una karmoM kA Asrava aura bandha karAtI haiN| isameM jo kriyA pradhAna hotI hai usase usa karma kA bandha vizeSa rUpa se hotA hai, zeSa karmoM ke sAtha nahIM / ATha karma aura bandhana jaina darzana meM ATha prakAra ke karma svIkAra kiye gaye haiM, jo karma-paramANu ke rUpa meM sampUrNa loka meM vyApta haiN| ye karma-paramANu hI AtmA ke vibhinna guNoM kA ghAta karate haiN| uttarAdhyayayana" ke anusAra karma ke ATha prakAra (1) jJAnAvaraNIya, (2) darzanAvaraNIya, (3) vedanIya, (4) mohanIya, (5) AyuSya, (6) nAma, (7) gotra tathA (8) antraay| 285 inameM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra ghAtI prakRtiyA~ haiM, kyoMki ye AtmA ke cAra mUla guNoM (jJAna, darzana, Ananda aura vIrya ) kA ghAta karatI haiN| zeSa cAra aghAtI prakRtiyA~ haiM jo AtmA ke kisI bhI guNa kA ghAta nahIM karatIM / karma AtmA ko aisA rUpa pradAna karatA hai jo AtmA kA nijI nahIM balki paugalika (bhautika) hotA hai| jJAnAvaraNa karma moha ke udaya se jo vyakti kriyA karatA hai, vaha sakarmAtmA kahalAtA hai|

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286 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana sakarmAtmA azubha karma kA bandhana karatA hai jisase jJAna Avarita hotA hai| jJAna ko AvRta karake usake prakAza ko ghaTA denevAlI prakRti jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahalAtI hai|29 dUsarI bhASA meM isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko r3haka detA hai, usI prakAra jo karma-vargaNAe~ AtmA kI jJAna zakti ko DhaMka detI haiM aura sahaja jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka banatI haiM, ve jJAnAvaraNa karma kahalAtI haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA bandhana kyoM hotA hai? isake nimnalikhita kAraNa batAye gaye haiM 1. tatpradoSa-tattvajJAna ke nirUpaNa ke samaya mana meM tattvajJAna ke prati, usake vaktA ke prati athavA usake sAdhanoM ke prati dveSa rakhanA tatpradoSa hai| 2. jJAna nihnava-viSaya kI jAnakArI hote hue bhI kisI ke pUche jAne para yaha kahanA ki maiM nahIM jAnatA athavA mere pAsa vaha vastu hai hI nahIM, jJAna nihrava hai| / 3. jJAna matsarya-jJAna ke adhikArI grAhaka ke milane para bhI abhyasta jJAna ko na dene kI kaluSita bhAvanA jJAna matsarya hai| 4. jJAnAntarAya- jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka bananA yA kaluSita bhAvanA se jJAna prApti meM kisI ko bAdhA pahu~cAnA jJAnAntarAya hai| 5. jJAnAsAdana-jJAnI puruSa jJAna de rahA ho taba vANI athavA zarIra se usakA virodha karanA jJAnAsAdana hai| 6. upaghAta-kisI ke kahe hue satya vacana ko viparIta mati ke dvArA asatya kahakara doSa nikAlanA upaghAta hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma dvArA AtmA kI Avarita jJAna zaktiyA~ 1. matijJAnAvaraNa- isameM aindrika evaM mAnasika jJAna kSamatA kA abhAva hotA hai| 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNa - isake kAraNa bauddhika evaM Agama jJAna kI upalabdhi nahIM ho pAtI hai| 3. avadhijJAnAvaraNa- isa AvaraNa ke kAraNa atIndriyajJAna-kSamatA kA abhAva rahatA hai| ___ 4. manaH paryAyajJAnAvaraNa - isameM dUsare kI mAnasika avasthAoM ko prApta karane kI zakti kA abhAva hotA hai|

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bandhana evaM mokSa 287 5. kevala jJAnAvaraNa - isake rahane para pUrNa jJAna prApti kI zakti kA abhAva rahatA hai| darzanAvaraNa karma jisake dvArA darzana arthAt sAmAnya bodha kA AvaraNa ho use darzanAvaraNa karma kahate haiN| jJAna se pahale honevAlA vastu tattva kA nirvizeSa bodha, jisameM sattA ke atirikta kisI vizeSa guNa dharma kI prApti nahIM hotI, darzana kahalAtA hai| darzanAvaraNa meM AtmA ke inhIM guNoM kA AvaraNa hotA hai| jisa prakAra dvAra para kisI dvArapAla kA honA rAjA ke darzana meM bAdhaka hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra jo karma-vargaNAe~ AtmA kI darzana-zakti meM bAdhaka haiM ve darzanAvaraNIya kahalAtI haiN| darzanAvaraNIya karma-bandhana ke kAraNa nimnalikhita haiM (ka) samyak-dRSTi kI nindA karanA, (kha) asat mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana karanA, (ga) zuddha dRSTikoNa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka bananA, (gha) samyak-dRSTi para dveSa karanA, (Ga) samyak-dRSTi kA samucita vinaya evaM sammAna nahIM karanA, (ca) samyaka-dRSTi ke sAtha mithyAgraha sahita vivAda karanA aadi|32 jJAnAvaraNIya evaM darzanAvaraNIya karma-bandha ke kAraNa paraspara eka-dUsare se milate-julate haiN| darzanAvaraNa karma dvArA AtmA ke nau darzana guNa Avarita hote haiM- cakSudarzanAvaraNa, acakSudarzanAvaraNa, avadhi darzanAvaraNa, kevala darzanAvaraNa, nidrA, nidrAnidrA, pracalA, pracalA-pracalA evaM styaangRddhi| darzanAvaraNakarma dvArA AtmA ke nau darzana guNoM kA Avarita honaa| 1. cakSu darzanAvaraNa - isa AvaraNa dvArA netra zakti kA AvaraNa hotA hai| 2. acakSu darzanAvaraNa - isameM netra ke atirikta zeSa indriyoM kI anubhava zakti kA AvaraNa hotA hai| 3. avadhi darzanAvaraNa- sImita atIndriya darzana kI upalabdhi kA AvaraNa hotA hai| 4. kevala darzanAvaraNa- pUrNa darzana kI upalabdhi para AvaraNa par3atA hai| 5. nidrA- sAmAnya nidrA kA honaa| 6. nidrAnidrA- isameM gaharI nidrA para AvaraNa par3atA hai| 7. pracalA- baiThe-baiThe AnevAlI nidrA pracalA nidrA hai|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 8. pracalApracalA - calate-phirate AnevAlI nidrA / 9. styAnagRddhi - jisa nidrA meM prANI bar3e-bar3e bala sAdhya kArya kara DAlatA hai| vedanIya karma 288 jisase sukha evaM duHkha kA anubhava ho vaha vedanIya karma hai| isake do prakAra haiMasAtAvedanIya aura sAtAvedanIya / duHkharUpa anubhava kA kAraNa asAtAvedanIya karma hai tathA sukharUpa anubhava kA kAraNa sAtAvedanIya karma hai| asAtAvedanIya karmabandha ke kAraNa 34 duHkha, zoka, tApa, Akrandana, vadha aura parivedana Adi asAtAvedanIya karmabandha ke kAraNa haiN| navapadArtha jJAnasAra ke anusAra asAtAvedanIya karma ke bAraha kAraNa haiM (1) kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha denA, (2) cintita banAnA (3) zokAkula banAnA, (4) rulAnA, (5) mAranA aura (6) pratAr3ita karanA aadi| ina chaH kriyAoM kI maMdatA aura tIvratA ke AdhAra para inake bAraha prakAra ho jAte haiM / 35 sAtAvedanIya karmabandha ke kAraNa 26 asAtAvedanIya kI bhA~ti isake bhI cha: kAraNa batAye gaye haiM- anukampA, vratyanukampA, dAna, sarAgasaMyamAdiyoga, kSAnti aura zauca / navapadArtha jJAnasAra7 meM sAtAvedanIya karmabandha ke uparyukta kAraNoM se kucha alaga haTakara kAraNa batAye gaye hai| (1) pRthvI, jala Adi ke jIvoM para anukampA krnaa| (2) vanaspati, vRkSa, latAdi para anukampA karanA / (3) dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM para dayA karanA / (4) paJcendriya pazuoM evaM manuSyoM para anukampA karanA, (5) kisI ko bhI kisI prakAra kA duHkha na denA / (6) kisI bhI prANI ko cintA evaM bhaya utpanna ho aisA kArya na krnaa| (7) kisI bhI prANI ko zokAkula nahIM banAnA / (8) kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM rulAnA / ( 9 ) kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM mAranA / (10) kisI bhI prANI ko pratAr3ita nahIM karanA / sAtAvedanIya karma meM zubhAcaraNa ke kAraNa nimna sukhada saMveda kI prApti hotI hai(1) karNapriya sukhada svara sunane ko milate haiM / (2) mana ke anurUpa sundara rUpa dekhane

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bandhana evaM mokSa 289 ko milate haiN| (3) sugandha kI saMvedanA hotI hai| (4) susvAdu bhojanAdi kI upalabdhi hotI hai| (5) mana ke anurUpa komala sparza va Asana zayanAdi kI upalabdhi hotI hai| (6) vAMchita sukhoM kI prApti hotI hai| (7) zubhavacana, prazaMsAdi sunane kA avasara prApta hotA hai| (8) zArIrika sukha milatA hai|28 mohanIya karma cetanA ko vikRta yA mUrcchita karanevAlA karmapudgala mohanIya karma hai| sAdhAraNa bhASA meM ise isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki jisase AtmA moha ko prApta karatI hai vaha mohanIya karma hai| isake bhI do bheda haiM- darzanamoha aura caaritrmoh| jo padArtha jaisA hai use vaisA hI samajhane yA jAnane kA nAma darzana hai| darzana tattvArthazraddhAnarUpa AtmaguNa hai| isI prakAra jisake dvArA AtmA apane yathArtha svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai use cAritra kahate haiM, ata: cAritra ko ghAta karanevAlA karma cAritramohanIya kahalAtA hai| isa karma ke udaya hone se vyakti hita ko ahita samajhatA hai aura ahita ko hit| viparIta buddhi ke kAraNa use tattva kA yathArtha bodha nahIM ho paataa|29 mohanIya karmabandha ke kAraNa navapadArtha jJAnasAra meM mohanIyakarma-bandhana ke cha: kAraNa batAye gaye haiM - (1) krodha, (2) ahaMkAra, (3) kapaTa,(4) lobha,(5) azubhAcaraNa aura (6) vivekaabhaav| lekina tattvArthasUtra meM darzanamohanIya aura cAritramohanIya ke bandhana ke alaga-alaga kAraNa batAye gaye haiN| jo nimna haiM(1) darzanamohanIya- kevalI kA avarNavAda (nindA), zruta kA avarNavAda, saMgha kA avarNavAda, dharma kA avarNavAda aura devoM kA avarNavAda aadi| (2) cAritramohanIya- (1) svayaM kaSAya karanA tathA dUsaroM meM kaSAya jagAnA kaSAya mohanIya karma kA kAraNa hai| (2) satya dharma kA upahAsa karanA hAsya mohanIya karma-bandha kA kAraNa hai| (3) vividha krIr3AoM meM rata rahanA rati mohanIya karmabandha kA kAraNa hai| (4) dUsaroM ko vyAkula karanA, kisI bhI zAMti meM vighna DAlanA Adi aratimohanIya karmabandha kA kAraNa hai| (5) svayaM zokAtura rahanA tathA dUsaroM ko bhI zokAtura karanA zoka mohanIya karmabandha kA kAraNa hai| (6) svayaM DaranA aura dUsaroM kA DarAnA bhaya mohanIya karmabandha kA kAraNa hai| (7) hitakara kriyA aura hitakara AcaraNa se ghRNA karanA jagapsA.mohanIya karmabandha kA kAraNa hai| (8-10) strIjAti ke yogya, puruSa jAti ke yogya tathA napuMsaka jAti ke yogya saMskAroM kA abhyAsa karanA kramazaH strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka veda bandha ke kAraNa haiN|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana jo samavAyAMga 42 meM tIvratama mohanIyakarma bandha ke tIsa kAraNa batAye gaye haiM, isa prakAra haiM 290 (1) jo trasa prANI ko pAnI meM DUbAkara usakA prANaghAta karatA hai / (2) jo trasa prANI ko usake mastaka meM gIlA camar3A bAMdha kara mAratA hai| (3) jo trasa prANI ko usakA mu~ha bAMdhakara mAratA hai| (4) jo trasa prANI ko agni ke dhu~e meM ghuTa-ghuTakara mAratA hai| (5) jo kisI trasa prANI ko mastaka kA chedana karake mAratA hai| (6) jo kisI trasa prANI ko chala se mArakara ha~satA hai| (7) jo asatya bolakara apanA anAcAra chipAtA hai| (8) jo apane durAcAra ko chipAkara dUsare para kalaMka lagAtA hai| (9) jo kalaha bar3hAne ke lie saba kucha jAnatA huA bhI mizrita bhASA kA prayoga karatA hai| (10) jo pati-patnI meM kalaha paidA karatA hai tathA unheM mArmika vacanoM se jhepA detA hai| (11) jo strI meM Asakta vyakti apane Apa ko ku~vArA kahatA hai / - (12) jo vyakti atyanta kAmuka hote hue bhI apane ko brahmacArI kahatA hai / (13) jo cApalUsI karake apane mAlika ko ThagatA ho / (14) jo jinakI kRpA se samRddha banA hai, IrSyAvaza unake hI kAryoM meM vighna DAlatA hai| (15) jo apane upakArI kI hatyA karatA hai| (16) jo prasiddha puruSa ko asaMyama ke patha para agrasara karatA hai / (17) jo pramukha puruSa kA prANaghAta karatA hai| (18) jo saMyamI puruSa ko asaMyama ke patha para agrasara karatA hai / (19) jo mahAn puruSoM kI nindA karatA hai / (20) jo nyAya mArga kI nindA karatA hai / (21) jo AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM guru kI nindA karatA hai / (22) jo abahuzruta hote hue bhI apane-Apa ko bahuzruta kahatA hai /

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bandhana evaM mokSa 291 (23) jo AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM guru kA avinaya karatA hai| (24) jo tapasvI na hote hue bhI apane-Apa ko tapasvI kahatA hai| (25) jo asvastha AcArya Adi kI sevA nahIM karatA / (26) jo AcArya Adi kuzAstra kA prayojana karate haiN| (27) jo AcArya Adi apanI prazaMsA ke lie maMtrAdi kA prayoga karate haiN| (28) jo ihaloka aura paraloka meM bhogopabhoga pAne kI abhilASA karate haiN| (29) jo devatAoM kI nindA karate haiM yA dUsaroM se karavAte haiN| (30) jo asarvajJa hote hue bhI apane Apako sarvajJa kahate haiN| Ayu karma ___nAraka, deva, manuSya aura tiryazca Adi zarIroM meM kisI nizcita kAla paryanta taka jIva-dravya ko rokanevAlA Ayukarma hai / arthAt jisase bhava kA dhAraNa ho use Ayu karma kahate haiN| Ayu karma ke astitva se prANI jItA hai aura kSaya se maratA hai| Ayu do prakAra kI hotI hai- apavartanIya aura anpvrtniiy| bAhya nimittoM se jo Ayu kama ho jAtI hai, arthAt niyata samaya se pUrva samApta ho jAtI hai use apavartanIya Ayu kahate haiM, ise hI akAlamRtyu kahA jAtA hai| jo Ayu niyata samaya para samApta ho use anapavartanIya Ayu kahate haiN| Ayu karma ke cAra prakAra haiM- (1) narakAyu, (2) tIryazcAyu (3) manuSyAyu aura (4) devAyu / tattvArthasUtra meM ina cAroM Ayu karmabandha ke kAraNa batAye gaye haiM jo isa prakAra haiM nArakIya jIvana bandha ke kAraNa- prANiyoM ko duHkha pahu~ce aisI kaSAyapUrvaka pravRtti karanA, yaha vastu merI hai aura maiM isakA svAmI hU~- aisA saMkalpa karanA, hiMsAdi krUra kAryoM meM satat pravRtti kA honA tathA bhogoM meM atyanta Asakta rahanA Adi narakAyu bandha ke kAraNa haiN| tiryaJcAyu karmabandha ke kAraNa 5-mAyA arthAt chala prapaMca karanA athavA kuTilabhAva rkhnaa| dharmatattva ke upadeza meM dharma ke nAma se mithyA bAtoM ko milAkara unakA svArtha-baddhi se pracAra karanA tathA jIvana ko zIla se dUra rakhanA Adi saba mAyA hai| yahI mAyA tiryaJca-Ayu ke bandha kA kAraNa hai| karmagrantha meM kapaTa karanA, rahasyapUrNa kapaTa

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292 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA, asatya bhASaNa karanA, kama-jyAdA tola-mApa karanA Adi tiryaJca-Aya bandha ke kAraNa batAye gaye haiN|46 manuSyAyu karmabandha ke kAraNa-ArambhavRtti aura parigrahavRtti kama rakhanA tathA svabhAvataH arthAt binA kucha kahe-sune mRdutA aura saralatA kA honA manuSya Ayu ke bandhana ke kAraNa haiN| devAyu karmabandha ke kAraNa- (1) sarAgasaMyama - hiMsA, asatya, corI Adi mahAna doSoM se virata hone ke bAda bhI kaSAyoM ke kucha aMza kA zeSa rahanA sarAgasaMyama hai| (2) saMyamAsaMyama-hiMsA virati Adi vratoM kA alpAMza meM dhAraNa karanA saMyamAsaMyama hai| (3) akAma nirjarA-parAdhInatA ke kAraNa ahitakara pravRtti athavA AhAra Adi kA tyAga akAma nirjarA hai| (4) bAla tapa-bAlabhAva se arthAt binA viveka ke agni-praveza, jalapraveza, parvata-prapAta, viSa-bhakSaNa, anazanAdi dehadamana kriyAyeM karanA bAlatapa hai| nAma karma jisase viziSTa gati, jAti Adi kI prApti ho vaha nAma karma hai| jisa prakAra citrakAra vibhinna raMgoM se aneka prakAra ke citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAmakarma vibhinna paramANuoM se jagata ke prANiyoM ke zarIra kI racanA karatA hai| 9 nAma karma ke do prakAra haiM- zubha nAma karma aura azubha nAma karma / zubha nAma karma ke bandha ke kAraNa- (i) mana, vacana aura kAya kI saralatA tathA (ii) sampAdana yAnI do vyaktiyoM ke bheda ko miTAkara ekatA karA denA athavA galata rAste para jAnevAle ko sahI rAste lagA denA zubha nAma karmabandha kA kAraNa hai|50 azubha nAma karma ke bandha ke kAraNa-(i) yogavakratA yAnI mana, vacana aura kAya kI kuTilatA tathA (ii) visaMvAdana arthAt anyathA pravRtti karanA athavA do snehiyoM ke bIca bheda paidA karanA azubha nAma karmabandha kA kAraNa hai|51 zubhanAma karma se prApta phala- navapadArtha jJAnasAra meM zubha nAmakarma se prApta caudaha prakAra ke vyaktitva-vipAka batAye gaye haiM - (i) adhikArapUrNa prabhAvaka vANI ii) sundara zarIra, (iii) zarIra se ni:sRta honevAle maloM meM bhI sugaMdhi, (iv) jaivIya rasoM kI samucitatA (v) tvacA kA sukomala honA, (vi) acapala yogya gati, (vii) aMgoM kA samucita sthAna para honA, (viii) lAvaNya, (ix) yaza kIrti kA prasAda, (x) yogya zArIrika zakti, (xi) logoM ko rucikara lage aisA svara, (xii) kAnta svara, (xiii) |

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bandhana evaM mokSa 293 priya svara aura (xiv) manojJa svr|52 isI prakAra azubha nAmakarma se prApta vyaktitva ke bAre meM bhI varNana AyA hai jo ThIka uparyukta vyaktitva vipAka ke viparIta hai| azubha nAma karma se prApta phala - (i) aprabhAvaka vANI, (ii) asundara zarIra (iii) zArIrika maloM kA durgandha yukta honA (iv) jaivIya rasoM kI asamucitatA, (v) apriya sparza, (vi) aniSTa gati (vii) aMgoM kA samucita sthAna para na honA (viii) saundarya kA abhAva, (ix) apayaza, (x) puruSArtha karane kI zakti kA abhAva, (xi) hIna svara, (xii) dIna svara, (xiii) apriya svara aura (xiv) akAnta svr|53 gotra karma jIva kA acchI dRSTi se dekhA jAnA yA tuccha dRSTi se dekhA jAnA, ucca kula meM honA yA nIca kula meM honA yA dIna-hIna honA ye saba gotra karma para nirbhara karatA hai| isake bhI do prakAra haiM- ucca gotra karma aura nIca gotra krm| ucca gotra karmabandha ke kAraNa 4- () AtmanindA, (ii) para-prazaMsA, (iii) AcchAdana, (iv) anutseka arthAt jJAna sampatti Adi meM dUsare se adhikatA hone para bhI usake kAraNa garva na krnaa| nIca gotra karmabandha ke kAraNa5 - () para-nindA (ii) AtmaprazaMsA (iii) AcchAdana (iv) udbhAvana arthAt apane meM guNa na hone para bhI unakA pradarzana krnaa| gotra karma se prApta phala 6- ucca gotra kA pAlana karane se nimnalikhita phaloM kI prApti hotI hai- (i) niSkalaMka bhrAtR-pakSa, (ii) pratiSThita pitR-pakSa, (iii) sabala zarIra (iv) saundarya yukta zarIra (v) ucca sAdhanA evaM tapa (vi) tIvra buddhi (vii) lAbha evaM vidhi upalabdhiyA~ aura (viii) adhikAra svaamitv| ThIka isake viparIta nIca gotra karma kA pAlana karanevAle ahaMkArI vyaktitva ke vyakti ko uparyukta phaloM se vaMcita rahanA par3atA hai| antarAya karma jisase dAna dene-lene yA bhogAdi meM vighna par3atA hai, vaha antarAya karma hai|57 yA yU~ kahA jA sakatA hai ki abhIpsita vastu kI prApti meM bAdhA pahu~cAnevAlA karma antarAyakarma kahalAtA hai| antarAya kA artha hI hotA hai- 'vighn'| isake pA~ca prakAra haiM

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294 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (i) dAnAntarAya, (ii) lAbhAntarAya (iii) bhogAntarAya (iv) upabhogAntarAya aura (v) viiryaantraay8|| jaisA ki hama logoM ne pUrva meM dekhA hai ki uparyukta AThoM karma ghAtI aura aghAtI karma meM vibhakta haiN| ghAtI karma jisameM avidyA rUpI mohanIya karma hI AtmA kI Avarita karane kI kSamatA, tIvratA aura sthitikAla kI dRSTi se pramukha hai| sahI arthoM meM mohanIya karma ke kAraNa hI karmabandha kA satat-pravAha banA rahatA hai| mohanIya karma hI saMsAra-cakra kA mUla kAraNa hai, zeSa ghAtI karma usake sahayogI mAtra hai| jisa prakAra bIja meM aMkuraNa zakti hotI haiM, kintu ugane hetu use havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra moha rUpI karmabIja va karma paramparA ko satat banAye rakhane ke lie jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya rUpI havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| mohakarma ke haTate hI jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa Adi kA pardA haTa jAtA hai, sArI bAdhAyeM haTa jAtI haiM aura AtmA jIvanmukta ho jAtI hai| aghAtI karma bhUne hue bIja kI bhA~ti hotA hai jo samaya kI paripakvatA ke sAtha hI apanA phala dekara sahaja hI alaga ho jAtA hai| mokSa kA svarUpa ___jIva aura pudgala (karma) ke saMyoga ko bandhana kahate haiM arthAt jIva aura ajIva kA saMyoga bandhana tathA donoM kA viyoga mokSa hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki jIva aura pudgala kA sambandha karma ke kAraNa hotA hai aura jIva kA pudgala se viyoga bhI karma ke kAraNa hI hotA hai arthAt karmabandhana se chUTanA hI mokSa hai| mokSa kA nirUpaNa karate hue umAsvAti ne kahA hai- bandhana ke hetuoM kA abhAva tathA nirjarA ke dvArA sabhI karmoM kA naSTa ho jAnA hI mokSa hai|59 isI prakAra AcArya tulasI ne kahA hai- samasta karmoM kA kSaya karake AtmA kA apane svarUpa meM sthira ho jAnA mokSa hai|60 kintu yahA~ eka prazna upasthita ho sakatA hai ki karmabandhana kI prakriyA to anAdi hai phira isa prakAra usakA anta kaise ho sakatA hai? isakA uttara dete hue AcArya akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai -" jisa prakAra bIja aura aMkura kI paramparA anAdi hai, kintu yadi kisI bIja ko agni meM jalA diyA jAtA hai to phira usase aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA aura bIjAMkura kI paramparA kA nAza ho jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra karmabandha ke jo bIja mithyAdarzana Adi haiM unakA nAza kara dene para karmabandha nahIM hotA hai| "61 / jainadarzana ke anusAra sabhI karmoM kA kSaya ho jAnA hI mokSa hai| nirjarA kI sthiti meM cAra ghAtIya karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai-jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura

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bandhana evaM mokSa 295 antraay| yaha sadehamukti kI sthiti hai| Ayu, nAma, gotra aura vedanIya Adi aghAtIya karmoM kA kSaya nahIM hotaa| phalata: jIva ke nAma, gotra, Adi bane rahate haiM aura jaba jIva zarIra kA parityAga kara detA hai, tabhI mokSa yA videha-mukti kI prApti hotI hai| videhamukti hI mokSa hai| bandhana aura mokSa kI prakriyA ko samajhAte hue DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA ne likhA hai-"karma-samparka aura karma-viccheda kI prakriyA meM cAra sthala Ate haiM - (i) Asrava, (ii) bandha (iii) saMvara aura (iv) nirjraa| inameM se prathama do baMdhana se aura zeSa do mokSa se sambandhita haiN| karmoM kA jIva ke nikaTa AnA Asrava, karmoM ke dvArA jIva kA prabhAvita ho jAnA bandhana, Ate hue karmoM ko jIva ke dvArA rokanA saMvara tathA Ae hue karmoM ko bhoganA athavA phalAbhAva karanA nirjarA hai| inheM hama eka udAharaNa ke dvArA spaSTata: samajha sakate haiN| kisI vyakti ke ghara ke nikaTa eka gaDr3hA hai, jisameM pAnI ekatrita hotA rahatA hai aura pAnI ke sar3a jAne se durgandha phailatI hai| vaha vyakti durgandha se mukta honA cAhatA hai| isake lie use kyA karanA cAhie? (i) gaDr3he meM pAnI A rahA hai| (ii) gaDar3he meM ekatrita hokara tathA sar3akara pAnI durgandha phailA rahA hai| (iii) Ate hue pAnI ko roka diyA jAe tAki gaDDhe meM pAnI ekatrita na ho aura usase durgandha paidA na ho / (iv) jitanA pAnI A cukA hai use bAhara pheMka diyA jAe athavA dhUpa meM sUkha jAne ke lie chor3a diyA jaae| yahI cAra sthitiyA~ Asrava, bandha, saMvara aura nirjarA kI hai| gaDDhe meM pAnI kA AnA mAnoM karmoM kA jIva ke pAsa AnA (Asrava), pAnI kA ekatrita honA tathA sar3akara durgandha phailAnA mAnoM jIva para karmoM ke dvArA apanA prabhAva phailAnA (bandha) hai, gaDr3he meM Ate hue pAnI ko roka denA tAki pAnI ekatrita hokara durgandha na phailA sake mAnoM jIva ke dvArA apane samparka meM Ate hue karmoM ko rokanA hai tAki karmoM kA prabhAva bar3he nahIM (saMvara) aura gaDr3he meM ekatrita pAnI ko bAhara pheMka denA mAnoM jIva ke pAsa Ae hue karmoM ko samApta karanA (nirjarA) hai|'62 nirjarA kI sthiti meM sAdhaka kaivalya prApta karake sarvajJa ho jAtA hai| yahI jIvanmukta yA sadehamukta kI sthiti hotI hai| parantu jaba sampUrNa karma arthAt ghAtIya aura aghAtIya donoM karma samApta ho jAte haiM taba jAkara jIva ko videhamukti kI prApti hotI hai| videha mukti hI pUrNa mokSa kI sthiti hai| mokSa ke upAya (mArga) tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne mokSa prApti ke tIna mArga batalAye haiM- samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura smyk-caaritr|63 ina tInoM ke dvArA mokSa kI prApti sahajata: hotI hai| jaina darzana meM inheM 'triratna' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai|ye mAno mAnava jIvana ke alaMkaraNa haiN|

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 296 ThIka isake viparIta 'mithyAdarzana', mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra saMsAra ke mArga kahe gaye haiN|64 jaba samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyak cAritra tInoM sAdhana paripUrNa rUpa se prApta hote haiM, tabhI sampUrNa mokSa sambhava hotA hai| ina tInoM meM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai - jo samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyak - AcaraNa sampanna hote haiM, mukta hote haiM / 65 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra aura samyak - tapa kA vistRta varNana pUrva meM dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai, jisakA punaH vivecana karanA ucita nahIM jAna pdd'taa| lekina inake atirikta bhI mokSamArga ke tattva batAye gaye haiM, jo nimnalikhita haiMdaza dharma jaina paramparA meM daza prakAra ke dharmoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo gRhastha aura zramaNa donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se AcaraNIya hai| AcArAMga meM ATha sAmAnya dharmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jo dharma meM utthita arthAt tatpara haiM unako aura jo dharma meM utthita nahIM haiM unako bhI nimnalikhita bAtoM kA upadeza denA cAhie- zAMti, nirati, upazama, nivRtti, zauca, Arjava, mArdava aura lAghava / 66 sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga' meM bhI inhIM dharmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga kI sUcI AcArAMga se thor3I bhinna hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra dasa dharma 69 nimnalikhita haiM 7 kSamA-kSamA kA artha hotA hai- anucita vyavahAra ke bAda bhI kisI vyakti ke prati mana meM Aye krodha ko viveka tathA namratA se niSphala kara DAlanA / * dazavaikAlika meM kahA gayA hai- krodha prIti kA vinAzaka hai / 71 krodha kaSAya ke upazamana ke lie kSamA dharma kA vidhAna hai| kSamA ke dvArA hI krodha para vijaya prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / 72 kSamA- sAdhanA ke pA~ca upAya haiM73 (1) apane meM krodha ke nimitta ke hone yA na hone kA cintana karanA / (2) krodhavRtti ke doSoM kA vicAra karanA / (3) bAla svabhAva kA vicAra krnaa| (4) apane kiye hue karma ke pariNAma kA vicAra karanA / (5) kSamA ke guNoM kA cintana karanA / jaina sAdhaka kA pratidina kA yaha udghoSa hotA hai ki maiM sabhI prANiyoM ko kSamA

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bandhana evaM mokSa 297 karatA hU~ aura sabhI prANI mere aparAdhoM ke lie mujhe kSamA kreN| sabhI prANiyoM se merI mitratA hai, kisI se merA vaira nahIM hai|4 mArdava-aisA AcaraNa jisase vyakti apane ko dUsaroM se bar3A na samajheM, yA jisase apanI prazaMsA aura sammAna kI cAha na ho, vaha mArdavadharma kA dyotaka hai| tattvArthasUtra meM ise paribhASita karate hae kahA gayA hai- citta meM mRdutA aura vyavahAra meM namravRtti kA honA mArdava guNa hai| isakI siddhi ke lie jAti, kula, rUpa, aizvarya, vijJAna (buddhi), zruta (zAstra lAbha), vIrya (zakti) ke viSaya meM garvita na honA aura ina vastuoM kI vinazvaratA kA vicAra karake abhimAna ke kA~Te ko nikAla pheMkanA mArdava dharma hai|75 Arjava-bhAva kI vizuddhi arthAt vicAra, bhASaNa aura vyavahAra kI ekatA Arjava guNa hai"6 yA dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai- AcaraNa meM mana,vacana aura karma meM ekarUpatA honA Arjava dharma kA dyotaka hai| parantu isakI prApti ke lie mana meM bhAvoM kI nirmalatA aura abhiprAya kA zubha honA Avazyaka hai| zauca-sAdhAraNatayA zauca kA artha zuddhatA yA saphAI se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, lekina yahA~ mAtra bAharI yA zArIrika zuddhatA se nahIM balki zauca kA artha Atmika zuddhi se hai| itanA hI nahIM dharma ke sAdhanoM tathA zarIra taka meM bhI Asakti na rakhanA zauca hai|77 satya-satpuruSoM ke lie hitakArI va yathArtha vacana bolanA hI satya vacana hai|" dUsarI bhASA meM jo vAstavika rUpa meM hai use vaisA hI jAnanA, vaisA hI mAnanA, vaisA hI kahanA aura usako vaise hI AcaraNa meM lAnA satya dharma hai| saMyama- mana, vacana aura kAya kA niyamana karanA arthAt vicAra, vANI aura gati, sthiti Adi meM sAvadhAnI se abhyAsa karanA saMyama hai| saMyama ke sataraha prakAra batAye gaye haiM- pAMca indriyoM kA nigraha, pAMca avratoM kA tyAga, cAra kaSAyoM kI jaya tathA mana, vacana aura kAya kI virati-ye sataraha prakAra ke saMyama haiN| - tapa-tapa jaina sAdhanA kA prANa hai| tapa ko paribhASita karate hue paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ne kahA hai- malina vRttiyoM ko nirmUla karane ke lie, apekSita zakti kI sAdhanA ke lie kiyA jAnevAlA Atmadamana tapa hai| dUsarI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vAsanAoM ko kSINa karane tathA samucita AdhyAtmika zakti kI sAdhanA ke lie zarIra, indriya aura mana ko jina-jina upAyoM se tapAyA jAtA hai, ve sabhI tapa kahe jAte haiN| Agama ke prasiddha cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne tapa kI vyutpattijanya paribhASA karate hue kahA hai- tapyate aNeNa pAvaM kammamitti tapo 81 arthAt jisa sAdhanA se, upAsanA se pApakarma

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298 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana tapta ho jAte haiM use tapa kahate haiN| tapa kA vistRta varNana dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai, ata: vahA~ dekheN| tyAga-sAmAnya rUpa se tyAga kA artha hotA hai-- chor3anA / aprAptabhogoM kI icchA nahIM karanA aura prApta bhogoM se vimukha honA hI tyAga hai| naitika jIvana meM tyAga Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| binA tyAga ke naitika rahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| sAdhu jIvana aura gRhastha jIvana donoM ke lie tyAga dharma Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| sAdhu jIvana meM jo kucha bhI upalabdha hai yA niyamAnusAra grAhya hai, unameM se kucha ko nitya chor3ate rahanA yA tyAga karate rahanA jarUrI hai| isI prakAra gRhastha ko na kevala apanI vAsanAoM aura bhogoM kI icchA kA tyAga karanA hotA hai, varan apanI sampatti kA dAna evaM parigraha ke rUpa meM tyAga karate rahanA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai|82 __ AkiJcanya-kisI bhI vastu meM mamatvabuddhi na rakhanA AkiJcanya hai|82 jagata meM jitane bhI anAcAra, durAcAra, hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM unameM se adhikatara kA mUlakAraNa saMgrahapravRtti hotI hai aura isI saMgrahapravRtti se bacanA AkiJcanyatA kA mukhya uddezya hai| brahmacarya-vidvAnoM ne nija AtmA meM lInatA ko brahmacarya kahA hai| parantu laukika jIvana meM brahmacarya se tAtparya kAmabhoga ke tyAga se liyA jAtA hai| paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra truTiyoM se dUra rahane ke lie jJAnAdi sadguNoM kA abhyAsa karanA evaM guru kI adhInatA ke sevana ke lie brahma (gurukula) meM carya (basanA) brahmacarya hai| yahA~ paMDitajI ne brahma kA artha gurukula grahaNa kiyA hai| gRhastha aura upAsaka donoM ke lie brahmacarya dharma Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| donoM ko apanI-apanI maryAdA ke anukUla aura niSThA se brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA caahie| cAra bhAvanAe~ maitrI, pramoda Adi cAra bhAvanAe~ paMcavratoM kI prApti meM upakAraka kA kArya karatI haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki vyakti ko prANImAtra ke prati maitrIvRtti, guNIjanoM ke prati pramodavRtti rakhanI caahie|85 / maitrI-maitrI kA viSaya prANImAtra hai| maitrI kA artha hotA hai-- dUsare meM apanepana kI buddhi / isIlie apane samAna hI dUsare ko du:khI na karane kI vRtti athavA bhAvanA rakhanA maitrIvRtti hai|86

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bandhana evaM mokSa 299 guNIjanoM ke prati pramodavRtti- pramoda arthAt apane se adhika guNavAna ke prati Adara rakhanA tathA usake utkarSa ko dekhakara prasanna honaa| isa bhAvanA kA viSaya adhika guNavAna hI hai, kyoMki usake prati hI IrSyA yA asUyA Adi durvRttiyA~ sambhava haiN| jaba taka isa vRtti kA nAza nahIM ho jAtA taba taka ahiMsA, satya Adi vrata nahIM Tikate haiN| karuNAvRtti-prANImAtra ke prati karuNA kI bhAvanA rakhanI caahie| isa bhAvanA kA viSaya kevala kleza se duHkhI prANI hai, kyoMki duHkhI, dIna va anAtha ko hI anugraha yA madada kI apekSA rahatI hai| yadi kisI pIr3ita ko dekhakara bhI anukampA, anugraha kA bhAva paidA nahIM hotA hai to ahiMsA kA pAlana asaMbhava hai| isalie jainadharma meM karuNA kI bhAvanA Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai| mAdhyasthyavRtti-mAdhyasthya bhAvanA kA viSaya avinayI yA ayogya pAtra hai| mAdhyasthya kA artha hotA hai- upekSA yA tttsthtaa| jaba nitAnta saMskArahIna athavA kisI bhI taraha kI sadvastu grahaNa karane ke ayogya pAtra mila jAya athavA yadi use sudhArane ke sabhI prayatnoM kA pariNAma antata: zUnya hI dikhAI de, to aise vyakti ke prati taTastha bhAva rakhanA hI ucita hai|88 bauddha paramparA meM bandhana-mokSa jaina paramparA meM hamane dekhA ki Asrava hI bandhana kA mUla kAraNa hai| ata: jaina paramparA kI hI bhA~ti bauddha paramparA meM bhI Asrava ko hI bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra Asrava ke tIna prakAra haiM- (1) kAma, (2) bhava aura (3) avidyaa|89 jinameM avidyA ko pramukha mAnA gayA hai| lekina avidyA yA mithyAtva akAraNa nahIM varan Asrava-prasUta hai| bhagavAn buddha ne jahA~ avidyA ko Asrava kA kAraNa mAnA hai vahIM unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki AsravoM ke samaya se avidyA kA samadaya hotA hai|90 isa prakAra Asrava ko avidyA kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| lekina Asrava se avidyA aura avidyA se Asrava kI yaha paramparA calatI rahatI hai| avidyA ke sambandha meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai - "bhikSuoM avidyA ke Arambha kA patA nahIM calatA jisase ye kahA jA sake ki isake pahale avidyA na thI aura isake bAda vaha utpanna huii|11 aise hI yaha saMsAra -cakra anAdi hai isake Arambha kA patA nahIM calatA, isakI pUrva koTi jAnI nahIM jaatii|92 yaha satya bhI hai avidyA aura tRSNA se saMcAlita bhaTakate phirate manuSyoM kI pUrvakoTi kA patA nahIM cltaa| jaba taka manuSya yaha nahIM jAnanA cAhegA ki du:kha kA svarUpa kyA hai? usake samudaya, nirodha aura nirodha mArga kyA haiM? to phira yaha nizcita hI hai ki vaha nAnA

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300 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana yoniyoM meM bhaTakate hue janmamaraNa kI paramparA meM saMlagna rhegaa| buddha ne janma-maraNa kI isa paramparA ko bAraha kar3iyoM meM sUtrabaddha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai (1) avidyA-ajJAna ko avidyA kahate haiN| yahI caitasika moha hai| bauddha-paramparA meM duHkha, du:kha samudaya, duHkha nirodha aura duHkha nirodha-mArga rUpI cAra Arya satya sambandhI ajJAna hI avidyA hai| avidyA hI saMsAra meM AvAgamana kA mUlAdhAra hai| avidyA do prakAra kI hotI hai- (i) ghanIbhUta avidyA tathA, (ii) tanubhUta avidyA / kuzala, akuzala karmoM aura unake iSTAniSTa phala ko na jAnanA ghanIbhUta avidyA hai aura kuzala ko kuzala samajhakara usakA samAdhAna karanA tathA akuzala ko akuzala samajhakara unase virata honA tanubhUta avidyA hai| aisI bAta nahIM hai tanubhUtAvasthA meM avidyA nahIM rahatI, balki usameM bhI avidyA hotI hai, kyoMki avidyA kA sarvathA prahANa arhatAvasthA meM hI hotA hai, phira bhI isa bIca kI avidyA tanubhUta avidyA kahalAtI hai| avidyA eka pratyaya hai jo hamAre vartamAna bAhya evaM Antarika jIvana saMskAroM ke lie uttaradAyI hai, kyoMki avidyA se hI saMskAroM kI utpatti hotI hai| (2) saMskAra -kuzala-akuzala, kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika cetanAe~ jo janma-maraNa paramparA kA kAraNa banatI haiM, saMskAra kahalAtI haiN| inheM mAnasika vAsanA bhI kahA jAtA hai| inake tIna prakAra haiM- (i) puNyAbhisaMskAra (ii) apuNyAbhisaMskAra tathA (iii) anyonyaabhisNskaar| inameM kAmavacana Adi ATha kuzala citto meM samprayukta ATha cetanAe~ tathA rUpAvacara Adi pA~ca kuzala cittoM meM samprayukta pA~ca cetanAe~, kula teraha cetanAe~ puNyAbhisaMskAra kahalAtI haiN| ThIka isake viparIta bAraha akuzala citto meM samprayukta bAraha cetanAe~ apuNyAbhisaMskAra tathA arUpAvacara Adi cAra kuzala cittoM meM samprayukta cAra cetanAe~ anyonyAbhisaMskAra haiN| saMskAroM se vijJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| (3) vijJAna-vijJAna saMskArajanya hotA hai| vijJAna cetanA ko kahate haiN| dUsarI bhASA meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vijJAna kA tAtparya una cittadhArAoM se hai jo pUrvajanma meM kie hue kuzala yA akuzala karmoM ke vipAkasvarUpa prakaTa hote haiM aura jinake kAraNa vyakti ko apane viSaya meM A~kha, kAna, nAka, jihvA, zarIra Adi viSayaka anubhUti hotI hai arthAt vijJAna indriyoM kI jJAna sambandhI cetanA/kSamatA kA AdhAra evaM nirdhAraka hai|94 nidAnasutta meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi avidyA aura tRSNA ke azeSa nirodha se kuzala, akuzala athavA avyAkRta saMskAra utpanna na ho to phira mAtA ke garbha meM punaH vijJAna kA bIja par3atA hI nahIM, arthAt punarjanma hI nahIM hotaa|5 tAtparya hai ki saMskAra se punarjanma

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bandhana evaM mokSa rUpI bIja kA vapana hotA hai| (4) nAmarUpa - vijJAna ke pratyaya se nAma aura rUpa kI niSpatti hotI hai / bauddha darzana meM samasta jagata vyApAra (bAhya aura AdhyAtmika) ko pA~ca skandhoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijnyaan| jinameM prathama skandha rUpa hai aura bAda ke cAra skandha nAma ke antargata Ate haiM / 96 jagata kI jitanI bhI sthUla cIjeM haiM sabhI rUpa haiM aura jitane bhI sUkSma mAnasika dharma haiM ve nAma haiN| dIghanikAya ke mahAsatipaTThAnasutta meM kahA gayA hai ki jagata meM jitane bhI rUpa haiM, cAhe ve bhUtakAla ke hoM cAheM vartamAnakAla ke hoM yA cAhe bhaviSya kAla ke hoM, apane aMdara ke hoM yA bAhara ke, sthUla hoM yA sUkSma, bure hoM yA bhale, dUra hoM yA samIpa, ve saba rUpa upAdAna ke antargata Ate haiN| isI prakAra vedanA-upAdAna-skandha, saMjJA - upAdAna skandha, saMskAra - upAdAna skandha aura vijJAna- upAdAnaskandha ke antargata jo kucha bhI Ate haiM ve saba nAma se abhidheya haiN| " rUpa bhautika hai aura nAma cetana vijJAna sahita / nAmarUpa se hI janma lenA, bUr3hA honA, maranAcyuta honA Adi hotA hai| 301 (5) SaDAyatana-nAmarUpa ke pratyaya se SaDAyatana utpanna hote haiN| SaDAyatana se tAtparya hai- pA~ca jJAnendriyA~ tathA mana / garbhastha zarIra aura mana yadi na ho to SaDAyatana nahIM hogaa| garbhAvasthA, jo zarIra kA rUpa hotA hai, vaha aura mana na ho jise nAmarUpa kahate haiM to SaDAyatana nahIM ho sktaa| tAtparya hai ki vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra (nAma) Adi nahIM hote, yadi cAra mahAbhUta (pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu) aura inase nirmita vikAra (rUpa) nahIM hote to indriyoM kI anubhUtiyA~ bhI kahA~ se aatiiN| (6) sparza - SaDAyatana se sparza kI utpatti hotI hai / indriya aura viSaya kA saMyoga hI sparza hai| cakSu saMsparza, zrotra saMsparza, ghrANa saMsparza, jihvA saMsparza, kAya saMsparza evaM mana saMsparza- ye cha: sparza haiN| ye sabhI kuzala yA akuzala karma ke vipAka hote haiN| (7) vedanA - sparza vedanA kA kAraNa hai / indriyoM ke hone para unakA apane-apane viSayoM se samparka hotA hai aura vaha samparka hamAre mana para prabhAva DAlatA hai / indriya aura viSaya ke saMyoga se utpanna mana para par3anevAlA prathama prabhAva vedanA kahalAtA hai| nAka aura usake viSaya ke sparza se tadanukUla vedanA, kAna aura usake viSaya ke sparza se tadnukUla vedanA, aise hI A~kha, jihvA, tvacA aura mana se utpanna vibhinna vedanAe~ haiM / vedanA cAra prakAra kI mAnI gayI haiM- sukharUpa vedanA, du:kharUpa vedanA, sukha-duHkharUpa vedanA tathA asukha - aduHkha rUpa vedanA / cetanA se pratyeka prakAra kI vedanA anivArya rUpa se sambaddha

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 302 rahatI hai| yadi indriyoM se sparza huA hai to vedanA rokI nahIM jA sakatI, cAhe vaha duHkha rUpa ho yA sukha rUpa, sukha-duHkha rUpa ho yA asukha - aduHkha rUpa hI kyoM na hoM ? (8) tRSNA - vedanA se tRSNA kI utpatti hotI hai / indriya evaM mana ke viSayoM ke samparka kI abhilASA tRSNA kahalAtI hai| viSaya cha: prakAra ke hote haiM aura una viSayoM ke prati chaH prakAra kI tRSNAeM hotI haiN| mukhya rUpa se tRSNA ke tIna hI prakAra haiMkAmatRSNA, bhavatRSNA aura vibhavatRSNA / rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, zabda aura mana ke viSayoM ke prati bhoga kI kAmanA ko lekara jo tRSNA udita hotI hai, vaha kAma - tRSNA kahalAtI hai| viSaya aura viSayI (bhoktA) kA saMyoga sadaiva banA rahe, unakA ucchedana na ho, lAlasA bhava-tRSNA kahalAtI hai| duHkha saMvedana rUpa viSayoM ke samparka ko lekara jo vinAza-sambandhI icchA udita hotI hai, vaha vibhava tRSNA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai / yaha trividha tRSNA hI samasta duHkhoM kI jananI hai| jo sAdhaka isa trividha tRSNA ko dabAkara rakhatA hai usase duHkha usI prakAra gira jAtA hai jisa prakAra kamala ke patte se jala / yaha (9) upAdAna - tRSNA se upAdAna kI utpatti hotI hai / upAdAna arthAt sAMsArika viSayoM meM lipta rahane kI abhilASA / isake tIna prakAra haiM- kAmopAdAna arthAt strI meM Asakti rakhanA, zIlopAdAna- arthAt vratoM meM Asakti rakhanA, AtmopAdAna arthAt AtmA ko nitya samajhane meM Asakti rakhanA / (10) bhava - upAdAna se bhava kI niSpatti hotI hai| bhava arthAt punarjanma karAnevAlA karma / isake do prakAra hote haiM- karmabhava aura utpattibhava / ve sabhI karma jo punarjanma denevAle haiM, karmabhava haiN| ataH karmabhava punarjanmakArI cetanA kI hI saMgrahAtmaka saMjJA kA nAma hai| isI prakAra jisa-jisa upAdAna ko lekara vyakti jisa-jisa loka meM janma pAtA hai, vaha usakA utpatti bhava hotA hai| (11) jAti - bhava jAti kA kAraNa hotA hai / bhava se hI jAti kI utpatti hotI hai| ise dUsarI bhASA meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki bacce kA mAM kI kokha meM Ane para rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna rUpa paMcaskandha kA prasphuraNa jAti hai| janma dhAraNa bhava ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| yadi zarIra na ho to koI kaSTa bhI nahIM hogA / ataH zarIra dhAraNa karanA yA janma lenA hI jarAmaraNa kA kAraNa hai jise bauddha darzana kI bhASA meM jAti kahate haiN| (12) jarAmaraNa - jAti se janma-maraNa kI utpatti hotI hai| janma dhAraNa kara vRddhAvasthA aura mRtyu ko prApta honA hI jarA-maraNa hai| dIghanikAya meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA

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bandhana evaM mokSa 303 hai- "he Ananda! janma na hotA to sarvathA kisI kI bhI jAti nahIM hotI, jaise devoM kA devatva, gandharvo kA gandharvatva, yakSoM kA yakSatva, bhUtoM kA bhUtatva, manuSyoM kA manuSyatva, catuSpadoM kA catuSpadatva, pakSiyoM kA pakSitva, sarIsRpoM ko sarIsRpatva aadi| yadi janma nahIM hotA, sarvathA janma kA abhAva hotA, janma kA nirodha hotA to kyA Ananda jarAmaraNa dikhalAI par3atA? Ananda ne kahA- nahIM bhante ! isalie Ananda jarA-maraNa kA yahI hetu nidAna samudaya pratyaya hai jo ki yaha janma / 98 isa prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne du:kha (bandhana) ke kAraNoM kI eka lambI zrRMkhalA prastuta kI hai, jisake antargata unhoMne bAraha kAraNa batalAye haiN| duHkhoM ke (bandhana ke) kAraNoM ko batalAte hue unhoMne avidyA ko hI bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai| isa prakAra bhava ko naSTa karane ke lie upAdAna kA nirodha, upAdAna ke nirodha ke lie taSNA kA nirodha, tRSNA ke nirodha ke lie vedanA kA nirodha, vedanA ke nirodha ke lie sparza kA nirodha, sparza ke nirodha ke lie SaDAyatana kA nirodha, SaDAyatana ke nirodha ke lie nAmarUpa kA nirodha, nAmarUpa ke nirodha ke lie vijJAna kA nirodha, vijJAna ke nirodha ke lie saMskAra kA nirodha, saMskAra ke nirodha ke lie avidyA kA nirodha Avazyaka hai| lekina avidyA kA nirodha tabhI sambhava hai jaba cAra Arya satyoM kA samyagjJAna ho| bandhana kI uparyukta bAraha kar3iyoM ko pratItyasamutpAda nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| pratItyasamutpAda kI ina bAraha kar3iyoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai|- bhUtakAla, vartamAna kAla aura bhvissytkaal| ina tInoM vibhAjana ko hama tIna janmoM se jAna sakate haiM yA phira eka hI janma yA kSaNa kI tIna kramika avasthAoM se bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki bauddha darzana ke anusAra citta kI satat pravAhazIla dhArA jo pratikSaNa naSTa evaM utpanna ho rahI hai usameM bhI bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya tInoM kSaNa vidyamAna rahate haiN| pratyeka kSaNa meM hamArA janma evaM maraNa hotA rahatA hai| jahA~ taka hamAre bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke janmoM kI bAta hai to usake lie hameM pratItyasamutpAda ke sambandhoM ko pahale samajha lenA caahie| pratItyasamutpAda kI bAraha kar3iyoM meM se avidyA aura saMskAra donoM hamAre pUrvajanma kI ve racanAtmaka karmazaktiyA~ haiM jo saMkalita hokara hamAre vartamAna janma ko nizcita karatI haiN| hamAre vartamAna jIvana ke vijJAna, nAmarUpa, SaDAyatana, sparza aura vedanA saba usI ke vipAkasvarUpa hote haiN| tatpazcAt hamAre vartamAna jIvana kI kar3iyA~ jo tRSNA, bhava aura upAdAna ke rUpa meM utpanna hotI haiM, svayaM karmabhava bana jAtI haiM, jinakA vipAka bhaviSya ke punarjanma rUpa meM hotA hai aura phira jarA-maraNa aura duHkha kI santati prakriyA prArambha ho jAtI hai, jo vartamAna jIvana ke karmavipAka ke samAna hotI hai| isa prakAra yaha

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhavacakra calatA rahatA hai| dvAdaza kar3iyoM ko DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana ne tAlikA ke rUpa meM nimna prakAreNa kiyA hai99 prastuta atIta 304 karmabhava utpattibhava - 1. avidyA 2. saMskAra vartamAna 8. tRSNA 9. upAdAna 10. bhava 3. vijJAna 4. nAmarUpa bhaviSyat 5. SaDAyatana 6. sparza 7. vedanA isa prakAra pratItyasamutpAda hameM yaha batalAtA hai ki kisa prakAra prANI avidyA ke kAraNa nAnA anubhavoM aura cetanA kI avasthAoM meM bhramaNa karatA hai| saMskAra, vijJAna, nAmarUpa Adi kramazaH anta meM janma, jarA, maraNa, zoka, parideva, duHkha aura daurmanasya Adi aisI avasthA meM A jAte haiM jahA~ duHkha itanA sthUla aura zaktizAlI ho jAtA hai ki vyakti ko usake samudaya ke bAre meM socanA par3atA hai| vaha du:kha nirodha ke upAyoM ko DhUr3hatA hai| duHkha ke svabhAva para vicAra karanA hI duHkha nirodha kI pahalI sIr3hI hai aura yahI pahalI sIr3hI aSTAMgika mArga kI samyak dRSTi hai jo vyakti ko duHkha ke svabhAva, usake kAraNa aura duHkha nirodha tathA nirodhagAminI pratipad ko samajhAnevAlI dRSTi hai| 11. janma (jAti) 12. jarAmaraNa aba prazna hotA hai ki yadi duHkha hai aura usakA kAraNa bhI jJAta hai to usakA nAza bhI saMbhava hai| duHkhanAza kI yaha sthiti hI duHkha nirodha kahalAtI hai aura yahI nirvANa hai / jarA-maraNa kA nidAna hI nirvANa hai| nirvANa nirveda kI avasthA hai| zarIra dhAraNa karane se duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai aura nirvANa dvArA zarIra dhAraNa kI prakriyA samApta ho jAtI hai, arthAt zarIra aura saMsArajanya klezoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra samasta klezoM kA kSaya ho jAnA hI nirvANa hai| nirvANa prApta karane ke pazcAt janma grahaNa kI kriyA samApta ho jAtI hai aura manuSya amRtatattva ko prApta karatA hai| jaisA ki bhagavAn buddha ne kahA

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bandhana evaM mokSa 305 hai- "bhikSuoM ! dhyAna do, maiMne amRta pAyA hai| maiM usakA upadeza tumheM karatA huuN| maiM aba amRta kI duMdubhi bajAU~gA / aba amRta ke dvAra khula gaye haiN| 100" nirvANa nirvANa zabda kA artha hotA hai "bujhA huA, " ataH duHkhoM kA bujha jAnA hI nirvANa hai| janma kA kAraNa tRSNA hai| tRSNA ke kAraNa hI manuSya meM rAga, dveSa aura moha utpanna hotA hai| vaha rAga-dveSa se yukta hokara karma karatA jAtA hai aura janma letA jAtA hai| rAgadveSa ke nirodha se janmamaraNa kA srota banda ho jAtA hai| rAga-dveSa kA ruka jAnA yAnI bhava kA nirodha ho jaanaa| bhava kA nirodha hI nirvANa kahalAtA hai| 101 bhagavAn buddha ne kahA haitIna hI akuzala mUla haiN| inake saMyoga se manuSya kA citta kabhI sukha aura zAnti nahIM paataa| ataH rAga, dveSa aura moha se viyoga yA vimukti hI nirvANa hai / 102 nirvANa kI upamA bujhe hue dIpaka se dI gayI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki dIpaka ke bujha jAne ke samAna hI vedanAoM kA sadA ke lie samApta ho jAnA nirvANa hai / bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai- bhikSuoM! jisa prakAra tela aura battI ke rahane para dIpaka jalatA hai tathA tela aura battI ke samApta ho jAne se dIpaka bujha jAtA hai usI prakAra tRSNA ke kSaya se jIvana-maraNa kI kriyA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai, vedanAyeM zAnta ho jAtI haiM / 103 nirvANa prApta kara manuSya sadA ke lie zAnta ho jAtA hai, usakA purAnA karma naSTa ho jAtA hai, navIna karma kI utpatti nahIM hotI, punarjanma ke bIja naSTa ho jAte haiM, koI icchA nahIM rahatI / punarjanma kI prakriyA ke naSTa hone ke bAda vyakti ko patA nahIM calatA ki vaha kisa dizA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| isako spaSTa karate hue bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai - jisa prakAra lohe ke ghana kI coTa par3ane se jo cinagAriyA~ uThatI haiM, ve zIghra hI bujha jAtI haiM, patA nahIM calatA ki ve kahA~ aura kisa dizA meM gayIM, ThIka usI prakAra tRSNA se mukta yA nirvANa prApta vyakti kI gati kA koI patA nahIM calatA / 104 jaisA ki AcArya azvaghoSa ne kahA hai- bujhA huA dIpaka na to pRthvI meM jAtA hai, na antarikSa meM, na kisI dizA meM na kisI vidizA meM, pratyut sneha (tela) ke kSaya hone se vaha kevala zAnti ko prApta kara letA hai / usI prakAra jJAnI puruSa na to kahIM jAtA hai, na pRthvI para, na antarikSa meM, na kisI dizA meM, na vidizA meN| kevala kleza ke kSaya ho jAne para zAnti prApta kara letA hai / " 105 nirvANa dharmoM kI dharmatA hai, nirvANa saba dharmoM meM vyApta hai aura saba dharmoM se pare hai, vaha nirapekSa paramatattva hai / bhagavAn buddha ne nirvANa ko ajAta, amRta, akutobhaya, paramasukha Adi vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai| 106 unhoMne kahA hai- "bhikSuoM ! yaha ajAta, amRta, akRta, asaMskRta tattva hai, isIlie yaha jAta, nazvara, kRta aura saMskRta

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 306 dharmoM kA AdhAra hai / 107 yaha kSema, neSThika acyuta pada 108 evaM zAnta aura ziva109 tathA durlabha, zAnta, ajara, amRta aura paramapada 110 hai / milindapanha meM rAjA milinda aura nAgasena ke bIca huI vArtA meM nAgasena ne nirvANa ko kucha isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai-- "mahArAja ! nirvANa Atyantika sukha hai vaha duHkha se sarvathA amizrita hai| yadyapi svarUpataH nirvANa kA varNana nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vaha anirvacanIya hai tathApi guNata: usakA kiJcita varNana kiyA jA sakatA hai| mahArAja jisa prakAra mahAsamudra meM bar3e-bar3e jIva rahate haiM phira bhI samudra una jIvoM se alipta rahatA hai, vaise hI nirvANa samasta klezoM se alipta hai| yaha nirvANa na utpanna hai, na anutpanna hai aura na utpAdanIya hai| yaha nirvANa dhAtu paramazAnti hai, paramAnanda hai, atyuttama hai, advitIya hai / 111 nAgArjuna ne nirvANa ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki yadi nirvANa ko bhAvarUpa mAnA jAtA hai to vaha bhI anya bhAvoM ke samAna janma maraNazIla tathA saMskRta dharma bana jaayegaa| yadi use abhAvarUpa mAnA jAtA hai to usakI svataMtra sattA nahIM rahegI, sAtha hI abhAva bhAva sApekSa hotA hai| isalie yadi nirvANa ko abhAva mAnA jAtA hai to vaha bhAva-sApekSa dharma ho jaayegaa| isI prakAra nirvANa ko bhAvAbhAva bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki prakAza aura aMdhakAra ke samAna bhAva aura abhAva kI sattA eka sAtha nahIM ho sakatI aura yadi hama nirvANa ko bhAvAbhAva bhinna svIkAra karate haiM, to phira usakA jJAna honA asaMbhava hai|112 ataH nirvANa prapaMcopazama aura ziva, svAnubhUtigamya hai| nirvANa hI pratIti aura upAdAna kI dRSTi se AvAgamana rUpI saMsAra hai aura vahI apratItya aura anupAdAna kI dRSTi se nirvANa hai| saMsAra aura nirvANa meM raMcamAtra bhI antara nahIM hai / 113 nirvANa nirapekSa aura anirvacanIya tattva hai| samprati, prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki yadi nirvANa kA nirvacana nahIM ho sakatA hai to phira usakA upadeza kaise diyA jA sakatA hai ? isakA uttara dete hue nAgArjuna ne kahA hai ki "vaise to paramArtha taka buddhi aura vANI kI gati nahIM hai, anirvacanIya kA nirvacana aura anakSara kA akSaropadeza pUrNatayA sambhava nahIM hai, tathApi paramArtha - prApti ke lie samyak - sambuddha-vyavahAradazA meM upadeza dete haiM, kyoMki vyavahAra ke binA paramArtha kA upadeza nahIM diyA jA sakatA aura binA paramArtha ko jAne nirvANa prApti asaMbhava hai / 114 upacAra se vyavahAra meM tattva kA upadeza aura zravaNa-manana hotA hai / 115 nAgArjuna ne nirvANa ke lie 'tattva' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai tathA usakA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai ki jisakA aparokSAnubhUti dvArA hI sAkSAta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jahA~ buddhi kI sArI koTiyA~, kalpanAeM, dhAraNAeM santuSTa hokara zAnta ho jAtI haiM, jo sampUrNa prapaMca se zUnya hai, jo

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bandhana evaM mokSa 307 atIndriya aura buddhivikalpAtIta hai, jahA~ dvaita aura bahutva vilIna ho jAte haiN| vaha advaitAnubhava hI tattva hai| 116 nirvANa niSkriyatA nahIM nirvANa prApta vyakti ke lie kucha karaNIya zeSa nahIM raha jAtA / prAptavya ko vaha pA cukatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nirvANa ke sambandha meM aisI dhAraNA bana jAtI hai ki yaha kriyAzIlatA se vihIna hone kI sthiti hai, kyoMki isameM koI kriyA nahIM hotI, mukta puruSa akarmaNya ho jAtA hai| lekina yaha mAnanA / kahanA ucita nahIM jAna par3atA, kyoMki sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ke samaya apane ko sAMsArika kArya-vyApAroM se udAsIna rakhatA hai| yadi vaha aisA na kare to yathArthatA kI ora usakA dhyAna hI kendrita nahIM hogA aura na hI use jJAna kI prApti hI hogii| lekina sAdhaka kA sAMsArika kArya-vyApAroM se udAsIna rahanA tabhI taka hotA hai, jaba taka vaha sAdhanArata hotA hai / sAdhya yA lakSya kI upalabdhi ke bAda vaha puna: samAja meM hI rahatA hai, samAja kI sevA karatA hai, logoM ko dharma - mArga dikhAtA hai| ataH nirvANa ko niSkriyatA kahanA ucita nahIM hai| nirvANa to niSkAma hai rAga-dveSa se mukta hokara kAma karanA niSkAma kahalAtA hai| nirvANa niSkriyatA athavA akarmaNyatA kI sthiti nahIM hai balki niSkAma kI sthiti hai / bhagavAn buddha ne bhI zrI kRSNa kI bhA~ti niSkAma kI zikSA dI hai / aMguttaranikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki rAga ke nAza ho jAne para rAga-dveSa rahita kArya se koI kaSTa yA bandhana nahIM hotA hai / 117 nirvANa se lAbha nirvANa se do prakAra ke lAbha hote haiM- 1. vartamAna jIvana meM parama zAnti kI prApti, tathA 2. punarjanma kI prakriyA kI samApti / vartamAna jIvana meM zAnti rAga-dveSa se mukta huA vyakti hI prApta karatA hai, kyoMki rAga-dveSa se hI zAnti meM khalala AtI hai| isI prakAra nirvANa prApta karane ke bAda punarjanma nahIM hotA aura jaba janma hI nahIM hotA to kisI prakAra ke kaSTa kA koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| bhagavAn buddha ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai- "vaha mRSA hai jo nAzavAna hai, jo nAzavAna nahIM hai vaha nirvANa hai / 118 nirvANa amRtapada hai, yogakSema hai, acyutapada hai, zAnta hai, ziva hai, dhruva hai, trANa hai, dvIpa hai, satya hai, atyanta sukha hai, parama atIta hai, niSprapaMca hai, asti dharma hai, sat hai| jisa prakAra RNI vyakti ko RNa cukAne ke bAda prasannatA hotI hai, bImAra vyakti ko svAsthya lAbha se jo sukha milatA hai, dAsatA se mukta hone para dAsa ko jo Ananda milatA hai, bar3e

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 308 registAna ko pAra kara pathika ko jo harSa milatA hai, vahI sukha aura Ananda janma-maraNa ke bhavasAgara ko pAra karane arthAt nirvANa prApta karanevAle ko hotA hai| yahI paramasukha hai| parama sukha kA varNana zabdoM se pare hai vaha madhu se bhI mIThA, parvata se bhI U~cA aura samudra se bhI gaharA hai| nirvANa ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha to mahAsamudra kI bhA~ti ananta hai| kamala ke samAna klezoM se alipta hai| jala ke samAna sabhI klezoM kI garmI zAnta kara detA hai / 119 isa prakAra nirvANa kevala punarjanma kA nirodha hI nahIM varan paramazAnti kI prApti hai / amRtalAbha se bar3hakara aura koI lAbha nahIM, isalie ise "parama lAbha " aura "parama zAnta" pada kahA gayA hai| nirvANa prApta vyakti vimukti rasa kA AsvAda letA hai / vimukta vyakti kA kartavya-karma pUrA ho jAtA hai, prAptavya prApta ho jAtA hai, kucha karane ko zeSa nahIM raha jAtA, vaha atyanta zAntapada ko prApta karatA hai / nirvANa prApti ke mArga jina kAraNoM se duHkha utpanna hotA hai una kAraNoM ke nAza kA upAya hI nirvANa mArga hai| bauddhamatAnusAra duHkha se mukta hone ke lie vyakti ko do choroM kA tyAga karanA cAhie - 1. AtmA ko nitya samajhakara nAnA prakAra ke sukhoM kI kAmanA karanA tathA 2. zarIra kI avahelanA karake arthAt tapa kI prakriyA meM zarIra ko kSINa karake nirvANa prApta karane kA pryaas| ye do anta jinheM tyAgakara bIca ke mArga ko apanAnA hI buddha kA upadeza thA, jise unhoMne aSTAMgika mArga ke nAma se vibhUSita kiyA, ve aSTAMgika mArga nimna haiM 1. samyak - dRSTi, 2. samyak saMkalpa, 3. samyak vAk 4. samyak karmAnta, 5. samyak-AjIva, 6. samyak - vyAyAma, 7. samyak smRti, 8. samyak-samAdhi / aSTAMgika mArga kA vivecana pUrva meM dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| ataH yahA~ punaH nirUpita karanA ucita nahIM jAna par3atA / mokSa (nirvANa) aura yoga sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana meM (cArvAka ko chor3akara) janma-maraNa ko hI sabhI duHkhoM kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| yaha AtmA anantakAla se bandhana meM calI A rahI hai, kyoMki AtmA rAga-dveSa athavA moha se abhibhUta huI naye karmoM kA saMyama karatI rahatI hai, phalata: janma-maraNa kI paramparA satata calatI rahatI hai| vyakti meM itanI zakti nahIM ki vaha karma vipAka kI anubhUti se iMkAra kara de| lekina aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki AtmA

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bandhana evaM mokSa 309 una bandhanoM ko puruSArthahIna banakara cupacApa sahatI AyI hai, balki unheM tor3ane kA prayatna sadA-sarvadA karatI rahI hai| yahA~ para prazna upasthita hotA hai ki karmabandhana aura usake vipAka se mukti kaise ho ? prati uttarasvarUpa yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki bandhana ke isa cakra se vyakti ko mokSa ke dvArA hI mukti mila sakatI hai| mokSa rUpI antima sAdhya kI prApti ko jainadharma meM sarvottama mAnA gayA hai| mAnava ke mana, vicAra evaM jIvana meM ekAgratA, sthiratA evaM tanmayatA nahIM hone ke kAraNa hI mAnava ko apane Apa para, apanI zaktiyoM para pUrA bharosA nahIM hotA / vaha nizcita vizvAsa evaM niSThA ke sAtha apane lakSya kI ora nahIM bar3ha paataa| phalataH usakI zaktiyoM kA prakAza bhI dhUmila par3ane lagatA hai / ataH zaktiyoM ko anAvRta karane, Atmajyoti ko prakAzita karane tathA apane sAdhya taka pahu~cane ke lie mana, vacana aura karma meM ekarUpatA evaM sthiratA lAne kA nAma hI yoga hai| AtmavikAsa ke lie yoga eka pramukha sAdhana hai aura yoga kA lakSya hai AtmavikAsa arthAt mokss| yoga ke do rUpa hote haiM- bAhya aura AbhyaMtara / ekAgratA yoga kA bAhya rUpa hai aura ahaMbhAva Adi manovikAra usakA AbhyaMtara rUpa hai| ahaMbhAva Adi manovikAroM kA parityAga kie binA mana, vacana evaM kAya yoga meM sthiratA nahIM A sakatI aura na hI mana, vacana aura karma meM ekarUpatA yA samatA A sakatI hai| jaba taka tInoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hogI taba taka mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| mokSa kI prApti tabhI saMbhava hai jaba vyakti ahaMtva - mamatvabhAva se rahita samatva bhAva kI sAdhanA yAnI yoga rUpI sarvottama sAdhanA ko aMgIkAra kregaa| isa prakAra yoga aura mokSa meM sAdhana - sAdhya sambandha dekhA jAtA hai| tulanA 1. jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAeM nivRttipradhAna haiN| 2. bandhana ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA mukhya rUpa se jahA~ rAga, dveSa aura moha ko svIkAra karatI hai, vahIM bauddha paramparA avidyA aura tRSNA ko bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mAnate hue avidyA, saMskAra, tRSNA, upAdAna, bhava Adi dvAdaza zrRMkhalAoM ko prastuta karatI hai| - 3. jaina paramparA meM karma ke ATha prakAra mAne gaye haiM jo AtmA ke svabhAva ke AvaraNa kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- ghAtI karma aura aghAtI karma / bauddha darzana meM AtmA ke svabhAva ko Avarita karanevAle ghAtI aura aghAtI karmoM ke sambandha meM koI

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310 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana vicAra upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| lekina bhaviSya janma kI dRSTi se dekhA jAe to karmabhava aura utpattibhava bauddha paramparA meM dekhane ko milate haiN| isI prakAra jaina paramparA navIna bandha yA punarjanma kI dRSTi se ekamAtra moha ko hI svIkAra karatI hai| bauddha paramparA ke anusAra avidyA, saMskAra, tRSNA, upAdAna aura bhava Adi pAMca karmabhava ke kAraNa janma-maraNa kI prakriyA calatI hai tathA zeSa vijJAna, nAmarUpa, SaDAyatana, sparza, vedanA, jAti aura jarAmaraNa, jo utpattibhava ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM, kisI bhI navIna karma kA bandha nahIM krte| lekina bhUtakAlIna jIvana ke arjita karma saMskAra ke rUpa meM avidyA aura saMskAra vartamAna jIvana kI utpatti bhava kA nizcaya karate haiM tathA vartamAna jIvana ke tRSNA, upAdAna aura bhava bhAvI jIvana ke rUpa meM jAti aura jarA-maraNa kA nizcaya karate haiN| isa prakAra bauddha paramparA kA karmabhava jaina darzana ke mohakarma tathA utpattibhava jaina paramparA ke zeSa karma avasthAoM ke samAna hai| 4. jaina paramparA ke darzanamoha kA nAma hI bauddha paramparA meM avidyA hai| donoM hI isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM ki avidyA yA darzanamoha hI samasta duHkhoM evaM bandhanoM kA kAraNa hai| 5. jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM mokSa yA nirvANa ke do rUpa mAne gaye haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhAvamokSa yA dravyamokSa mokSa ke do rUpa haiM tathA bauddha mAnyatA sopAdizeSa nirvANa dhAtu tathA anupAdizeSa nirvANa dhAtu, nirvANa ke do rUpa haiN| 6. donoM hI paramparAeM mokSa yA nirvANa ko anirvacanIya svIkAra karatI haiM, use vANI dvArA vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai- vANI usakA kathana karane meM samartha nahIM hai, vahA~ vANI mUka ho jAtI hai, tarka kI vahA~ taka pahu~ca nahIM hai, buddhi (mati) use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai arthAt vaha vANI, vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI use nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA hai| vaha anupama hai, arUpI hai, sattAvAna hai| usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai| aisA koI bhI zabda nahIM jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA ske| isI prakAra udAna meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai- maiM use agati aura gati kahatA hU~, na sthiti aura cyuti kahatA hU~, use utpatti bhI nahIM kahatA huuN| vaha na to kahIM ThaharatA hai, na pravartita hotA hai aura na usakA koI AdhAra hai, yahI duHkhoM kA anta hai|

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bandhana evaM mokSa saMdarbha : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA / bandhahetavaH, vahI, 10. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 - 360 11. tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ), pR0-193 12. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, pR0 sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdattesa bandhaH / tattvArthasUtra, 8/ 2-3 karmagrantha, karmaprakRti bandha prakaraNa - 1 Studies in Jain Philosophy-P. 232 prakRtisthityanubhAvapradezAstadvidhayaH / tattvArthasUtra 8/4 jaina darzana meM bandhana - mokSa, zramaNa, apraila 1986, pR0 - 13 tattvArthasUtra, 8/4 Adyo jJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamonIyAyuSkanAmagotrAntarAyaH, vahI, 8/5 vahI, 7/25 26. 27. 361 pR0 - 194 15. 13. tattvArthasUtra (paM. sUkhalAla saMghavI ), kAyavAGamana: karma yogaH / vahI, 6/1 16. zubhapuNyasya / azubhapApasya / vahI, 6/3-4 17. jaina darzana, mahendra kumAra, pR0 - 230 18. tattvArthasUtra (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ), 19. uttarAdhyayana, 32/7 21. tattvArthasUtra, 6/1-2 23. sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikeryApathayoH / vahI, 6/5 pR0 - 192 20. 8/1 samayasAra, 157 311 22. vahI, 6/3-4 24. vahI, pR0 - 150 25. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, pR0 356 avratakaSAyendriyakriyA: paMcacatuH paMcapaMcaviMzatisaMkhyA: pUrvasya bhedAH / tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 6 vahI, pR0-151-52 28. uttarAdhyayana, 33 / 23 29. karmabaMdhana - mukti evaM prakriyA, candanarAja mehatA, pR0-125 30. tatpradoSanihnamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopaghAtA jJAnadarzanAvaraNayoH / tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 11 39. vahI, 8/1 32. vahI, 6 / 11 ( uddhRta- jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka

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312 adhyayana, pR0 - 64.) 33. cakSuracakSuravadhikevalAnAM nidrAnidrAnidrApracalApracalApracalAstyAnagRddhivedanIyAni c| vahI, 8/8 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 34. 35. navapadArtha jJAnasAra pR0 237 tathA ta0 sU0, 6 / 12 | 36. tattvArthasUtra,6/13 / duHkhazokatApAkrandanavadhaparidevanAnyAtmaparobhayasthAnyasadvedyasya / vahI, 6 / 12 37. navapadArtha jJAnasAra, pR0 - 237 / 38. vahI, pR0- 237 (uddhRta-jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka 45. 46. adhyayana, pR0 - 369). 39. jaina dharma - darzana, pR0-464-65. 40. navapadArtha jJAnasAra, pR0-237 41. kevalizrutasaMghadharmadevAvarNavAdo darzanamohasya / tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 14 kssaayodyaattiivrprinnaamshcaaritrmohsy| vahI, 6/15 42. samavAyAMga, 30 / 1 43. jaina dharma darzana, 44. bahvArambhaparigrahatva ca nArakasyAyuSaH / tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 16 mAyA tairyagayonasya / vahI, 8/17 karmagrantha, 1/58 47. tattvArthasUtra, 6/18 48. vahI, 6/20 49. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, pR0 51. vahI, pR0 162 / 373-374. 50. tattvArthasUtra, pR0 - 162 / 52. navapadArtha jJAnasAra, pR0 - 239 53. vahI 55. vahI, 6/24 57. vidhnakaraNamantarAyasya / tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 26 pR0-466 54. 56. ta0 sU0, 6 / 25 navapadArtha jJAnasAra, pR0-240. 58. vahI, 8 / 14 59. bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH / tattvArthasUtra, 10 / 2-3. 60. kRtsnakarmakSayAdAtmana: svarUpAvasthAnaM mokSa: / jaina siddhAnta dIpikA, 15/39 / 61. yathA bIjAGkurasaMtAne'nAdau pravartamAne antyabIjamagninopahatAGkurazaktikamityaMto'sya dRSTastathA mithyAdarzanAdipratyayasAmparAyikasantatAvanAdo dhyAnAnalanirdagdhe karmabIje bhavAGkarotpAdAbhAvAnmokSa iti dRSTamidamapahnotumazakyam / uktaM ca dagdhe bIje yathA'tyantaM prAturbhavati nAGkuraH / karmabIje tathA dagdhe na rohati bhavAGkuraH / /

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bandhana evaM mokSa 6 tattvArthavArtika-10/2 62. bhAratIya darzana kI samasyAeM, DaoN0 bI0 ena0 sinhA, pR0-93-94 63. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANimokSamArgaH, tattvArthasUtra, 10/1 sadRSTijJAnavRtAni dharmaM dharmezvarA viduH / yadIyapratyanIkAni bhavanti bhavapaddhatiH / / ratnakaraNDazrAvakAracAra, 1/3 65. karmabandhana aura muktiprakriyA, pR0-205 66. AcArAMga, 1/6/5 67. sthAnAMga, 10/16 68. samavAyAMga, 10/61 69. uttamaH kSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiJcanyabrahmacaryANi dhrmH| tattvArthasUtra, 9/6 70. vahI (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI), pR0-208 71. dazavaikAlika, 8/38 72. vahI, 8/39 73. tattvArthasUtra, pR0-208 74. AvazyakasUtra, kSamApaNA pATha 75. tattvArthasUtra, pR0-209 76. vahI, pR0-210, 77. vahI, pR0-210 78. vahI 79. vahI 80. vahI 81. nizIthacUrNi, 46 82. daza lakSaNa dharma ke, zramaNa, sitambara, 1983. 83. tattvArthasUtra, pR0-210 84. vahI 85. maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthyAnisatvaguNAdhikaklizyamAnAvineyeSu / vahI, 4/6 86. vahI, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, pR0- 171 87. vahI, pR0- 171. 88. vahI, pR0-172. 89. saMyuktanikAya- 36/8, 43/7/3, 43/7/3, 45/7/5, 45/510, tathA bauddha dharma-darzana (AcArya narendradeva), pR0 - 245 90. sammAdiTThisUtra (majjhimanikAya),1/1/9. 91. purimA bhikkhave koTi na paMjJAyati avijjAya, ito pubbe avijjA nAhosi, atha pacchA samabhavItitA aMguttaranikAya, bhAga5, pR0-113. anamatatagoyaM bhikkhave saMsAro pubvakoTi na pNjnyaayti| saMyuktanikAya, bhAga-2, pR0- 178. 93. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0-379. 94. vahI 95. nidAna sutta , 51 96. sammadiTThi sutta (ma0 ni0),1/1/9.

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314 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 97. mahAsatipaTThAnasutta (dIghanikAya),2/9 98, mahAnidAna sutta (dIghanikAya) , 2/2 99. Indian Philosophy Vol-3. p-411. 100. majjhimanikAya, 1/3/6 101. saMyuktanikAya, pR0-197. 102. yo kho Atuso dosakkhayo mohakkhoga iti idraM pucAti nibbAnaM suttanipAta 5/ 103. majjhimanikAya, 1/3/7 104. udAna, 8/10 105. dIpo yathA nirvRtimabhyupeto naivAvaniM gacchati nAntarikSam / dizaM na kazcitad vidizaM na kAzcit snehakSayAt kevalameti zAntim / / kRttI nirvRtimabhyupetau naivAvaniM gacchati nAntarikSam / dizaM na kazcid vidizaM na kaJcit klezakSayAt kevalamaMtizAntim / / saundarananda, 16/28,29 106. nibbAnaM akRtobhayam / itivRttaka, 112 / nibbAnaM prmsukhm| dhammapada 203 / 107. yasmA ca kho bhikkhave, atthi ajAtaM amataM akataM tasmA jAtassa matassa katassa saMkhatassa nissaraNaM pNjaay| udAnasutta, 73 108. kSema padaM naiSThikamacyutaM tat / saundarananda, 16/28 109. zAntaMzivaM sAkSikurUSva dharmam / vahI, 16/26 110. durlabhaM zAntamajaraM paraM tadamRtaM pdm| buddhacarita, 12/106 111. milindapaJho, 4/67-83 112. mAdhyamikakArikA, 25/5-16 113. nirvANasya ca yA koTiH koTiH saMsaraNasya c| na tayorantaraMkiMcit susUkSmamapi vidyate / vahI, 25/20 114. vyavahAramanAzritya paramArtho na deshyte| paramArthamanAgamya nirvANaM naadhigmyte| vahI, 24/10 115. anakSarasya dharmasya zruti: kA dezanA ca kA? zrUyate dezyate cAMpi samAropAdanakSaraH / mAdhyamikArikAvRtti, pR0-264 116. aparapratyayaM zAntaM prapaMcairaprapaMcitam / / nirvikalpamanArthametat tattvasya lakSaNam / / mAdhyamikakArikA, 18/9 117. bhAratIya darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta, DaoN0 bI0 ena0 sinhA, pR0-122 118. dhAtu vibhaMga sutta (ma0 ni0), 3/4/10 119. bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, bharata siMha upAdhyAya, bhAga-1, adhyAya 10 para aadhaarit|

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upasaMhAra yoga-sAdhanA kI dhArA hamArI bhAratIya saMskRti meM ati prAcIna kAla se pravAhita hotI A rahI hai| sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti tIna pramukha dhArAoM meM pravahamAna hai-- vaidika vicAradhArA, jaina vicAradhArA aura bauddha vicaardhaaraa| ina vicAradhArAoM kI apekSA se yoga-sAdhanA yA yoga - sAhitya kI bhI tIna paramparAeM dekhane ko milatI haiN| vaidika vicAradhArA, jisameM "yoga" kA kramabaddha vivecana yoga darzana meM dekhane ko milatA hai, ke anusAra citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha hI yoga hai| jaina paramparA meM mana, vANI aura zarIra kI gatizIlatA ko yoga nAma se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM yoga ke sthAna para dhyAna aura samAdhi zabda kA prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai| jahA~ taka yoga ke zAbdika artha kI bAta hai, to kucha vicArakoM ne yoga zabda kA prayoga jor3ane ke artha meM kiyA hai, to kucha vicArakoM ne dhyAna, saMyoga, cittavRtti nirodha, nirvANa Adi ke rUpa meN| yoga zabda kI utpatti " yuja' dhAtu se mAnI jAtI hai, jisake do artha hote haiM- 1. jor3anA yA saMyojita karanA, tathA 2. samAdhi, manaH sthiratA Adi / lekina jaina evaM bauddha sAhitya meM "yoga" zabda kA prayoga eka viziSTa artha meM huA haiM / prAkRta meM "joga" zabda AyA hai jisakA sAmAnya artha hotA hai - kriyA, jo prazasta yA aprazasta athavA zubha yA azubha donoM prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| isI prakAra bauddha sAhitya meM "yoga" zabda kA prayoga bandhana yA saMyojana artha meM huA hai, jo mukhya rUpa se cAra prakAra kI haiM- kAmayoga, bhavayoga, dRSTiyoga aura avidyAyoga | vastutaH sahI mAne meM dekhA jAe to yoga, dhyAna aura samAdhi tInoM eka-dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiN| yoga, jise jaina paramparA meM mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyAoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai, meM mana kI pradhAnatA hai, kyoMki koI bhI yoga, cAhe vaha kAyika ho yA vAcika yoga, mana para hI AdhArita hotA hai / mana jise citta bhI kahA jAtA hai, kI caMcalatA ko samApta karanA hI yoga-sAdhanA kA parama lakSya hai| jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM citta yA mana kI cAra-cAra avasthAeM mAnI gayI

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jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana haiN| jaina paramparA meM vikSipta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa aura sulIna mana tathA bauddha paramparA meM kAmAvacara, rUpAvacara, arUpAvacara aura lokottara citta kA ullekha hai / yadyapi donoM paramparAoM meM mana yA citta kI avasthAoM ko dekhane se unameM bhinnatAeM dRSTigocara hotI haiM, lekina unake mUlabhUta dRSTikoNa meM koI antara nahIM hai| ina cittavRttiyoM yA vAsanAoM kA vilayana hI yoga paramparA kA mukhya uddezya rahA hai aura jahA~ cittavRttiyoM kA vilayana ho jAtA hai, vahIM sAdhanA apanI pUrNatA ko prApta karatI hai aura sAdhanA kI yahI pUrNatA dhyAna kahalAtI hai| cetanA kA kisI eka viSaya yA bindu para kendrita honA hI dhyAna hai / isa prakAra dhyAna aura yoga donoM eka-dUsare ke paryAyavAcI bana jAte haiN| isI prakAra dhyAna aura samAdhi bhI samAnArthaka hI haiN| citta kI vRttiyoM kA udvelita honA asamAdhi hai tathA unakI isa udvignatA kA samApta ho jAnA samAdhi hai| dhyAna citta kI vaha niSprakampa avasthA hai jisameM AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai| dhyAna citta kI samatvapUrNa sthiti hai, lekina aisA nahIM hai ki samAdhi meM citta kI samatvapUrNa sthiti nahIM hotI balki dhyAna aura samAdhi donoM meM hI samatvapUrNa sthiti Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra dhyAna aura samAdhi samAnArthaka pratIta hote haiN| yadi donoM meM antara hai to kArya-kAraNa bhAva yA sAdhya - sAdhanA kI dRSTi se / dhyAna samAdhi kA sAdhana hai to samAdhi sAdhya | dhyAna jaba siddha hotA hai taba vaha samAdhi kA rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai| isa prakAra sAdhana se sAdhya kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura yahI upalabdhi yoga ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| yadi ise hama dUsarI bhASA meM kahanA cAheM to isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki jaba cittavRttiyoM kI caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai, citta zAnta aura niSprakampa ho jAtA hai to vaha dhyAna kahalAtA hai, vahI samAdhi ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai aura use hI yoga kahate haiM / 316 yoga-sAdhanA eka prakriyA hai / ata: isa sAdhanA meM pravRtta hone se pUrva sAdhaka ko AtmA, yoga, sAdhanA Adi kA AdhyAtmika evaM tAttvika jJAna honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki kisI bhI kriyA ko karane ke lie sabase pahale usake sambandha meM jJAna kA honA Avazyaka hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM koI bhI kriyA yA koI bhI sAdhanA, bhale hI vaha kitanI hI utkRSTa kyoM na ho lakSya ko prApta karane meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sktii| isalie sAdhanA prArambha karane ke pUrva jJAna kA honA Avazyaka hai aura jJAna ke anurUpa AcaraNa hI yoga kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra jisameM yoga yA ekAgratA kA abhAva hai vaha jJAnI nahIM / ataH sAdhanA ke lie jJAna Avazyaka hai tathA jJAna ke vikAsa ke lie sAdhanA / jJAna aura yoga kI saMyukta sAdhanA se hI sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai| lekina jahA~ taka sAdhya kI siddhi kI bAta hai to sarvaprathama sAdhaka ko yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki

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upasaMhAra 317 AtmA kyA hai ? AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? AtmA ke bandhana ke kAraNa kyA hai ? tathA bandha ko rokane aura Abaddha karmoM ko tor3ane ke sAdhanoM kA samyak-bodha kaise prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai? Adi tathyoM ko jAnane ke pazcAt tadnusAra AcaraNa kiyA jAye taba jAkara sAdhya kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| sAdhanA kI siddhi meM dhyAna ko sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| lekina savAla uTha khar3A hotA hai ki kyA kisI bhI vastu yA viSaya ko dhyAna kA kendra (Alambana) banAyA jA sakatA hai ? kyoMki binA Alambana ke citta kI vRttiyoM ko kendrita karanA sambhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| jagata kI sabhI vastue~ dhyAna ke Alambana hone kI kSamatA rakhatI haiN| lekina una sabhI ko dhyAna kA Alambana nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| eka sundara strI bhI dhyAnAkarSaNa kI kSamatA rakhatI hai, parantu sAdhaka yadi strI ke sundara zarIra ko apane dhyAna kA viSaya banAtA hai to vaha sAdhya kI prApti se pUrva hI sAdhanA-mArga se cyuta ho sakatA hai, kyoMki strI ko dhyAna kA viSaya banAne se sAdhaka ke mana meM usake prati rAgAtmakatA paidA hogI, vAsanA jagegI aura use pAne kI AkAMkSA citta meM vikSobha paidA kregii| ataH kisI bhI vastu ko dhyAna kA Alambana banAne se pUrva sAdhaka ko yaha vicAra kara lenA cAhie ki hamAre dhyAna kA uddezya kyA hai ? kyoMki dhyAna ke prayojana ke AdhAra para hI dhyeya kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai| ataH dhyAna ke Alambana kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya sAdhaka ko vicAra kara lenA cAhie ki hama jo Alambana banA rahe haiM vaha hameM rAga kI ora le jAegA yA virAga kI ora / tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi vyakti kisI strI ke saundarya ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAtA hai to vaha rAgAtmakatA arthAt vAsanAoM ke poSaNa ko apanA uddezya banAtA hai aura yadi vyakti strI saundarya kI vIbhatsatA aura vidrUpatA ko dhyAna kA Alambana banAtA hai to apane dhyAna - siddhi kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| ataH dhyAna meM sarvaprathama dhyAna ke Alambana kA nirdhAraNa Avazyaka hai| lekina mana meM eka prazna sahaja uTha khar3A hotA hai ki kyA dhyAna meM dhyeya ke rUpa meM kisI vastu ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai yA nahIM / prati uttarasvarUpa yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhyAna meM dhyeya ke rUpa meM koI vastu nahIM hotI balki hamArI citta kI vRtti hotI hai, kyoMki dhyAna meM AtmA, AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kA hI dhyAna karatI hai| ataH dhyAna kI prakriyA meM dhyAtA bhI citta hotA hai aura dhyeya bhI citta hotA hai| vastutaH jise hama dhyeya samajhate haiM vaha hamArA citta hI hotA hai jo dhyeya kA AkAra grahaNa karake hamAre sAmane hotA hai| jahA~ taka dhyAna ke prakAroM kI bAta hai to jaina paramparA meM dhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM- Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla / jinameM se Arta aura raudradhyAna vyakti ke svabhAva meM

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318 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana hotA hai| isake lie vyakti ko kisI prakAra ke vizeSa prayAsa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| dharmadhyAna ke lie vyakti meM sarvaprathama jJAna Avazyaka hai, sAtha hI vItarAgatA bhI honI cAhie / isI prakAra zukladhyAna, jisameM sAdhaka mana ko zAnta evaM niSpakampa karatA hai, jaise-jaise sAdhaka dharma aura zuklarUpI prazasta dhyAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA jAtA hai aura jaise-jaise usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai vaise-vaise vaha prazasta dhyAnoM kI ora agrasara hotA jAtA hai| isI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI rUpAvacara tathA arUpAvacara do prakAra ke dhyAna mAne gaye haiN| punaH unheM cAra-cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai jisakA varNana pUrva ke adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| AtmavikAsa kI kramika avasthA meM ajJAna athavA mithyAtva hI bAdhaka tattva hai aura isI ke kAraNa AtmA karmoM meM jakar3I rahatI hai| jyoM-jyoM karmoM kA vyuccheda hotA hai tyoM-tyoM AtmA apane guNoM se avagata hotI jAtI hai aura use satya evaM asatya vastu kI pahacAna hotI jAtI hai| phalata: jIva cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa kara sarvajJatA ko prApta karatA hai aura sarvajJa athavA arihaMta avasthA ke bAda AtmA siddhAvasthA ko prApta hotI hai| jaba jIva ke zeSa cAra aghAtiyA karmoM kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai aura jIva yA AtmA loka ke agrabhAga meM pahu~ca jAtI hai jahA~ usakA apanA svataMtra astitva hotA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra yahI mokSa hai| isI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI tRSNA ke kSaya se janma-maraNa kI prakriyA samApta ho jAtI hai, vedanAyeM zAnta ho jAtI haiN| manuSya sadA ke lie zAnta ho jAtA hai| vartamAna jIvana meM bhI yoga aura dhyAna kI prAsaMgikatA utanI hI hai jitanI prAcInakAla meM thii| balki yaha kahA jAe ki vartamAna meM prAcIna kAla se kahIM adhika hai to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| Aja ke vyasta jIvana meM mana vicAroM, kalpanAoM, smRtiyoM, vRttiyoM, kAmanAoM aura vikAra-vAsanAoM Adi meM sakriya rUpa se saMzliSTa rahatA hai| jinakI nivRtti ke lie mana kA nirodha Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| Aja bhautika sukhoM se utpanna mAnasika azAnti ke nirAkaraNa ke lie bhAratIya to kyA pAzcAtya jaise vikasita kahe jAnevAle deza bhI bhAratIya saMtoM evaM mahAtmAoM kI yoga evaM dhyAna kI zikSA ke lie lAlAyita haiN| aise meM mana kA virodha karanA ucita nahIM jAna par3atA, kyoMki virodha karane se mana kuMThita hokara nAnA prakAra kI Adhi-vyAdhiyoM ko janma detA hai, jisase eka naI samasyA utpanna hotI hai| ata: yoga se mana kA nirodha karanA caahie| yoga se citta ekAgra hotA hai| citta kI ekAgratA kA prabalatama evaM sarvottama sAdhana hai- dhyaan| dhyAna ke mAdhyama se mana kI caMcalatA, asthiratA, azAnti

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upasaMhAra . 319 tathA vyagratA kA nAza hotA hai aura Ananda sukha ke srota jo antarmana meM banda rahate haiM, khula jAte haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki bhaTakate hue mAnava ko yadi koI trANa de sakatA hai to vaha hai saddhyAna, to koI anucita nahIM hogaa| Aja bhAratIya yoga aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM ko vidvatjana apane-apane DhaMga se prastuta kara rahe haiN| sAtha hI pazcima ke logoM kA dhyAna ke prati bar3hate AkarSaNa ko dekhate hue dhyAna ko pazcimI logoM kI ruci ke anukUla banAkara videzoM meM sthAnAntarita kara raheM haiN| yoga aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM zArIrika vikRtiyoM aura mAnasika tanAvoM se saMtrasta pazcimI dezoM ke loga caitasika zAnti kA anubhava kara rahe haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki unakA yoga aura dhyAna ke prati AkarSaNa bar3ha rahA hai| aba prazna uThatA hai ki kyA jaina evaM bauddha yoga sAdhanA-paddhati Aja ke yuga meM pIr3ita mAnava jAti ko usase trANa dilAne meM sakSama hai? prati uttarasvarUpa yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM jo paramparAgata yoga-sAdhanA yA dhyAna paddhatiyA~ calI A rahI thIM unameM Adhunika yuga meM eka krAntikArI parivartana AyA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki prAcIna sAdhanA-paddhati jo mAtra sAdhakoM taka hI sImita thI use Aja Ama janatA ke samakSa saralatama rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| bhagavAn buddha kI dhyAna-sAdhanA kI vipazyanA paddhati jo prAya: bhArata se lupta sI ho gayI thI, ko zrI satyanArAyaNa jI goyanakA ne barmA se lAkara punarjIvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA / jisase Aja bhI bhArata meM vipazyanA dhyAna-paddhati janamAnasa taka pahu~ca pA rahI hai| isI AdhAra para jaina dhyAna-sAdhanA kI paddhati kyA rahI hogI, isako jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA / sampUrNa jaina samAja hI nahIM balki pUre vizva kA yaha sadbhAgya hai ki jaina terApaMtha AcAryazrI mahAprajJajI jaise prAjJa sAdhaka vipazyanA dhyAna se jur3e aura use Adhunika manovijJAna tathA zarIra-vijJAna ke AdhAra para prkhaa| unheM jaina sAdhanApaddhati se ApUrita karate hue prekSAdhyAna kI jaina paramparA ko punarjIvita kiyaa| Aja prekSAdhyAna kI vaijJAnikatA aura upayogitA para koI bhI praznacihna nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai| vipazyanA dhyAna-paddhati, prAcIna haThayoga kI SaTacakra bhedana Adi kI avadhAraNA, Adhunika manovijJAna tathA zarIra-vijJAna ko samanvita karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa jI ne jo prekSAdhyAna kI vaijJAnika paddhati dI hai unakI pratibhA evaM vidvatA kA dyotaka hai| Aja ke isa bhautikavAdI yuga meM "prekSAdhyAna" tathA "vipazyanA' samyak jIvana yApana ke lie atyanta hI Avazyaka hai| isake lie samasta mAnava jAti AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI tathA zrI satyanArAyaNa jI goyanakA kI RNI rhegii|

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320 aMguttaranikAya aMguttaranikAya-khaNDa 4 adhyAtmatattvAloka nyAyavijaya, hemacandrAcArya jaina sabhA, pATana, 1943 abhidhammatthasaMgaho-bhAga 1, 2 AcArya anirUddha, (anu0 ) bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana, buddha vihAra, lakhanaU, 1960. abhidhammatthasaMgaho abhidharmakozabhASya anirUddhAcArya (anu0) bhadanta khetadhamma, sampA0 rAmazaMkara tripAThI, vArANasI saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI / AcArya vasubandhu (TIkA) paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1988 zrI vijayarAjendrasUri, ratalAma abhidhAnarAjendra koza,bhAga-6 amUrta cintana yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1988 bhadrabAhu, ratalAma, saM0 1941 AcArAMganiryukti AcArAMgasUtra Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, AcArAMgasUtra AcArya AtmarAma jI, jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1963 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980 zrImad rAjacandra, nirNayasAgara presa se mudrita, 1964 guNabhadra, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, vi. saM. 1986 jinasenAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1951. AcArAMgasUtra AtmasiddhizAstra AtmAnuzAsana jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana sandarbha grantha sUcI bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, vaaraannsii| (anu0 ) bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, mahAbodhi sabhA, kalakattA AdipurANa ( mahApurANa ) bhAga 1 va 2 AnApAnasatI Avazyaka niyukti AvazyakasUtra (TIkA malayagiri) khaNDa - 2 uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana muni dulaharAja, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, 1983 AcArya haribhadra, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1916 Agamodaya samiti, vIra nirvANa saM0-2454 sampA0 AcArya tulasI, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM ( rAja0 ) sampA0 sAdhvI candanA, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA

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321 aupapAtikasUtra (TIkA) karmagrantha bhAga 1-5, kArtikeyAnuprekSA ghAsIlAla jI, akhila bhAratIya zve. sthA. jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, ahamadAbAda, 1959 devendrasUri, AtmAnaMda jaina maNDala, AgarA, 1922 svAmI kArtikeya, TIkA zubhacandra, sampA0 e. ena. upAdhye,rAyacandra jaina, zAstramAlA, brelii| bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, pAli pablikezana borDa, bihAra gavarnameMTa, 1959. zrImad nemicaMdra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1944 khuddakanikAya gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) cAritrasAra cAmuNDarAya viracita, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 - 2443 citta aura mana yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1990 cInI bauddha dharma kA itihAsa DaoN0 cAu siAMga kuAMga, bhAratI bhaMDAra, lIDara presa, ilAhAbAda jaina dharma ke prANa paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, sastA sAhitya maNDala, dillI, 1965 jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, sAdhanA mArga jayapura, 1982 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana,bhAga1,2 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1982 jaina yoga yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, 1988 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA evaM hI0 lA0 kapAr3iyA, bhAga-4 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1968 jaina siddhAnta dIpikA AcArya tulasI, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAjasthAna) prathama saMskaraNa tattvArtharAjavArtika akalaMkadeva, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa, 1944 tattvArthasAra vIra rAghavAcArya, 1977 tattvArthasUtra umAsvAti, vive0paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1976

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322 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana tattvArthasUtram haribhadra, zreSThI RSabhadeva jI, kesarImala jI, jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1936 tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, bhAga-2 siddhasena gaNi, jIvanacaMda sAkaracaMda jhaverI, sUrata, 1930 tattvAnuzAsana zrI rAmasenAcArya, saMpA0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, prakA0 vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa, 21, dariyAgaMja, dillI, 1963 dravyasaMgraha nemicaMdra siddhAnta cakravartI, dehalI, 1956 dazabhUmikasUtram sampA0-DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA, 1967 dazavaikAlika zrI zayaMbhavasUri, agaracaMda bhairodAna seThiyA, jaina saMsthA, bIkAnera, vI0ni0saM0 2472 dazavaikAlika (hi0anu0) sthA0 jaina kAnphreMsa, bambaI / dIghanikAya paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI dIghanikAya (anu0) paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, bhAratIya bauddha zikSA pariSada, buddha vihAra, lakhanaU, 1971 dIghanikAya nAlandA-devanAgarI-pAligranthamAlA, nAlandA, bihAra, 1958 (anu0) paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, buddha bihAra, lakhanaU dhammapada dharmarakSita,mAsTara khelAr3I lAla eNDa sansa, banArasa, 1953, dhammasaMgaNi (pAli) nAlandA-devanAgarI-pAligranthamAlA, nAlandA, bihAra, 1960 dharmAmRta (anagAra evaM sAgAra)paM0 AzAdhara, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1917 dhyAna vicAra sampAdaka-paM0girIza kumAra paramAnanda sAha, hindI anu0 zrI jinazrI jI ma0 sA0, prakAzaka-jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI, saMskaraNa-prathama maI, 1986 dhyAnazataka jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa viracita, (anu0) muni dulaharAja, Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, cUrU (rAja), 1972 dhyAna-sampradAya DA0 bharata siMha upAdhyAya, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dhammapada

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dillI namaskAra svAdhyAya (saMskRta) jaina sAhitya vikAsa maMDala, bambaI, 1962 kundakundAcArya, senTrala jaina pablikezana hAusa, niyamasAra nizIthacUrNi nizIthabhASya paTisammidAmagga (pAli) puggalapannati pAli puruSArthasiddhiyupAya paramAtmaprakAza pravacanasAra prajJA ke prakAza meM samyak dRSTi pAtanjala yogadarzanam pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa pAzcAtya darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta prekSA- anuprekSA prekSAdhyAnaH AdhAra aura svarUpa buddhacaryA bodhicaryAvatAra bodhicaryAvatAra bodhicaryAvatAra bauddhacaryA paddhati bauddha darzana tathA anya - 323 1931 jinadAsagaNi, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA AcArya jinadAsamahattara, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA nAlandA- devanAgarI-pAligranthamAlA, nAlandA, bihAra, 1960 pAli pablikezana borDa, bihAra gavarnameMTa, 1960 amRtacaMdra, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, vi0 saM0-2431 lakhanaU yogIndu deva, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1927 kundakundAcArya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1935 vijJAna bhikSu, vipazyanA dhyAna kendra, maladahiyA, vArANasI, 1987 prayAga DaoN0 vijaya kumAra, rAmakRSNa pustakAlaya, vivekAnanda roDa, vArANasI, 1993 zrI harikRSNa dAsa goyandakA, gItA presa, gorakhapura DaoN0 bharata siMha upAdhyAya, hindI sAhitya sammelana, AcArya tulasI, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, 1988 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1988 paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, zivaprasAda gupta, sevA upavana, kAzI, 1988 zAntideva, buddha vihAra, lakhanaU, 1955 (anu0 ) pro0 rAmazaMkara tripAThI, kendrIya bauddha vidyA saMsthAna, leha, laddAkha, 1981 sampA0-DaoN0 paramAnanda siMha, bauddha Akara graMthamAlA ma0gA0 kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1993 mahanta bodhAnanda mahAsthavira, buddhavihAra, lakhanaU bharata siMha upAdhyAya, prakA0 - baMgAla hindI maNDala,

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324 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya darzana-1, 2 kalakattA bauddha-darzana-mImAMsA AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, cauka, vArANasI-1987 bauddhadharma-darzana AcArya narendradeva, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, baMgalA roDa, dillI, 1994 bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara, Aloka prakAzana, gAMdhI cauka, sadara, nAgapura, 1972 bauddha sAdhanA kA vikAsa vArANasI saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, 1971 bauddha sAdhanA-vidhi dharmAcArya bhadanta revatadharma, prakAzaka maMtrI, bauddha svAdhyAya satra, maladahiyA, vArANasI, 1965 bhagavadgItA sureza candra mukhopAdhyAya, kanTrolara oNpha ceriTI, AvAgar3ha, 1923 bhagavadgItA rAdhAkRSNana, anu0 virAja, ema. e. rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dehalI, 1963 bhagavatI ArAdhanA seTha lAlacandra hIrAcandra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, mahArASTra bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA, sanakhArAma nemicandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, zolApura, 1935 bhagavatIsUtra ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja, a0 bhA0 zve0 saMsthAna jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1961 bheda me chipA abheda yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1991 bhAratIya darzana kI samasyAeM DaoN0 bI0ena0 sinhA, rAmakRSNa pustakAlaya, vivekAnanda roDa, kamacchA, vArANasI, 1994 majjhimanikAya(sammadiTThisutta) nAlandA-devanAgarI-pAligranthamAlA, nAlandA, bihAra, khaNDa 1-3 1958 majjhimanikAya (anu0) paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1933 manonuzAsanam AcArya tulasI, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUru (rAja0) mahApurANa, bhAga 1-2 mahAkavi puSpadanta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1979 mahAvaMza bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga

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mahAvaggo mUlAcAra mUlArAdhanA milindapaha milindapaJha yogadarzana (vyAsabhASya ) yogadRSTisamuccaya yoga pradIpa yoga pradIpa yogabindu yogabindu yogabindu ke pariprekSya meM yoga sAdhanA kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yogazAstra - eka parizIlana yogazAstra yogazAstra yogasAra ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra lalitavistara lalitavistara vinayapiTaka vibhaMgapAli nAlandA- devanAgarI- pAligraMthamAlA, nAlandA, bihAra, 1956 vaTTakera, mANikacandra digambara jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, vI0ni0 saM0 2441 zivAcArya, jaina pablikezana, karaMjA, 1935 bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI, 1971 Ara. DI. veDekara, yUnivarsiTI oNpha bAmbe, bambaI, 1940 brahmalIna muni, sUrata, 1958 haribhadra, vijaya kamala kezara granthamAlA, khambhAta, vi. saM0- 1992 ajJAta, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI, 1960 maMgala vijaya, hemacanda sAvacanda zAha, kalakattA, vI0 ni0 saM02466 haribhadra, jaina dharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1911 haribhadra, jainadharma pracAraka sabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1930 jaina DaoN. suvrata muni zAstrI, zrI AtmajJAnapITha, mAnasA maNDI, bhaTiNDA (paMjAba), 1991 325 upA0 amaramuni, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1963 (hemacandra ) RSabhacanda jauharI, kizanalAla jaina, dillI, 1963 (hemacandra ) anu0 - kezaravijaya jI, vijaya kezara granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 2450 yogIndudeva, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1937 samantabhadra, mANikacanda di0jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1926 DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, mithilA vidyApITha darabhaMgA, 1958 zAntibhikSu zAstrI, uttara pradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU anu0 paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, 1935 bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, pAli pablikezana borDa, bihAra - -

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326 jaina evaM bauddha yoga : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana gavarnameMTa, 1960 vizeSAvazyakabhASya jinabhadra, yazovijaya jaina graMthamAlA, vI0ni0saM0-2439 vizeSAvazyakabhASya jinabhadra (TIkA hemacandra), harSacandra, bhUrAbhAI, banArasa, 1956 vizeSAvazyakabhASya (prathama) DaoN. nathamala TATiyA, prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI (bihAra), 1972 vizuddhimArga (bhAga 1-2) anu0 dharmarakSita, mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, 1956, 1957 visuddhimaggo- khaNDa-1,3 vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, 1969, 1972 visuddhimagga (parama) AcArya buddhaghoSa, bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI, 1977 khaNDa 1,2,3 samantapAsAdikAnAma, navanAlandA-mahAvihAra-graMthamAlA, nAlandA, bihAra, bhAga 1,2,3 1965 samayasAra kundakundAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1950 samayasAra (TIkA) amRtacandra, ahiMsA prakAzana mandira, dariyAgaMja, dehalI, 1959 samavAyAMga sampA0 muni kanhaiyAlAla, Agama anuyoga prakAzana dillI, 1966 saMyuktanikAya jagadIza kAzyapa, mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, 1954 sarvArthasiddhi sampA0 paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1955 saMskRti ke do pravAha yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM , saMskaraNa, 1991 samAdhitaMtra pUjyapAda,sampA0-jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa, sarasAvA, 1939 samAdhirAjasUtram vaidyopAha, zrI parazurAma zarmA, mithilA vidyApITha prakAzana, 2017 suttanipAta anu0 bhikSu dharmaratna, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1951 sumaMgalavilAsinI, khaNDa1-3 navanAlandA-mahAvihAra-graMthamAlA, nAlandA, bihAra, 1974, 1975, 1976, sumaMgalavilAsinI sampA0 maheza tivArI, navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA haribhadrasUri grantha saMgraha zrI rAjanagara (ahamadAbAda), 1939

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327 harivaMzapurANa hemacandra dhAtumAlA hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsaphI hindI vizvakoza bhAga-9 jJAnasAra jinasenAcArya, sampA0-pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1962 guNavijaya, jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA, dvitIyAvRtti, ahamadAbAda, 1930 esa. ena. dAsa gupta, kaimbrIja eTa da yUnivarsiTI presa, 1969 nAgarI pracAraNI sabhA, vArANasI, 1967 padmasiMha, TIkA- trilokacanda, ma. ki. kApar3iyA, digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vi0 saM0 2470 zubhacandra viracita, anu0-paM0 bAlacandrajI zAstrI, prakA0 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, saMskaraNa prathama, 1977 jJAnArNava

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Jain Educat janma zikSA pada lekhikA paricaya DaoN0 : 05.08.1969, dUsarI paTTI, AcArya tulasI janma sthAna, lADanUM, (rAjasthAna) 0 sudhA jaina : ema0esasI0 (jIvana vijJAna evaM prekSAdhyAna) pI-eca0 DI0, (jIvana vijJAna evaM prekSAdhyAna) jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM, (rAjasthAna) : pravaktA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI lekhana / sampAdana : jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma, bhAga - 6 jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma, bhAga-7 prakAzita zodha nibandha : 25 seminAra / saMgoSThI : 8 patra prastuta samprati pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke sAnnidhya meM '20 vIM zatAbdI kA hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa' viSaya para lekhana kArya /

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Our Important Publications 1. Studies in Jaina Philosophy Dr. Nathamal Tatia 100.00 2. Jaina Temples of Western India Dr. Harihar Singh 200.00 3. Jaina Epistemology Dr. I.C. Shastri 150.00 4. Concept of Pancasila in Indian Thought Dr. Kamla Jain 50.00 5. Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy Dr. J.C. Sikdar 150.00 6. Jaina Theory of Reality Dr. J.C. Sikdar 150.00 7. Jaina Perspective in Philosophy & Religion. Dr. Ramji Singh 100.00 8. Aspects of Jainology (Complete Set : Vols. 1 to 7) 2200.00 9. An Introduction to Jaina Sadhana Prof. Sagarmal Jain 40.00 10. Pearls of Jiana Wisdom Dulichand Jain 120.00 11. Scientific Contents in Prakrit Canons Dr. N.L. Jain 300.00 12. The Heritage of the Last Arhat : Mahavira Dr. C. Krause 20.00 13. The Path of Arhat T.U. Mehta 100.00 14. Multi-Dimensional Application of Anekantavada Ed. Prof. S.M. Jain & Dr. S.P. Pandey 500.00 15. The World of Non-living Dr. N.L. Jain 400.00 16. aSTakaprakaraNa anu.-DaoN.azoka kumAra siMha 200.00 17. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa sAta khaNDa) 630.00 18. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa cAra khaNDa) 760.00 19. jaina pratimA vijJAna DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI 150.00 20. mahAvIra aura unake dazadharma pro. bhAgacandra jaina 80.00 21. vajjAlaggaM (hindI anuvAda sahita) paM. vizvanAtha pAThaka 80.00 22. prAkRta hindI koza sampA.-DaoN. ke.Ara. candra 400.00 23. jaina dharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA pro. sAgaramala jaina 350.00 24. gAthA saptazatI (hindI anuvAda sahita) paM. vizvanAtha pAThaka 60.00 25. sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI (tIna khaNDa) pro. sAgaramala jaina 300.00 26. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa pro. sAgaramala jaina .. 60.00 27. bhAratIya jIvana mUlya pro. surendra varmA 75.00 28. nalavilAsanATakam sampA.- DaoN. surezacandra pANDe 60.00 29. anekAntavAda aura pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAda DaoN. rAjendra kumAra siMha, 150.00 30. dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti : eka adhyayana DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha 125.00 31. paJcAzaka-prakaraNam (hindI anuvAda sahita) anu.- DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA 250.00 32. siddhasena divAkara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya 100.00 33. jainadharma kI pramukha sAdhviyA~ evaM mahilAe~ hIrAbAI boradiyA 50.00 34. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina 160.00 35. bhArata kI jaina guphAe~ | DaoN. harihara siMha 150.00 36. mahAvIra kI nirvANabhUmi pAvA : eka vimarza bhagavatIprasAda khetAna 65.00 37. mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 80.00 38. jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana DaoN. zivaprasAda 100.00 39. bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA DaoN. dharmacandra jaina 200.00 40. acalagaccha kA itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda 300.00 Parswanatha Vidyapitha, Varanasi-221005 INDIA